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  <row Id="1" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10" CreationDate="2012-06-13T20:36:52.733" Score="31" ViewCount="2271" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the genitive plural and nominative plural of &lt;code&gt;башка&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My search returned a lot of contradicting information. Is there any authoritative source with a single concrete answer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T22:34:37.070" LastActivityDate="2012-11-28T07:26:12.547" Title="Genitive plural of &quot;башка&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-13T20:41:20.367" Score="37" ViewCount="6526" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand, both of these mean more or less the same thing. Rosetta Stone, that introduced me to the Russian language seems to prefer &lt;em&gt;здравствуйте&lt;/em&gt;, but it seems &lt;em&gt;привет&lt;/em&gt; is more commonly used in day to day speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &lt;em&gt;здравствуйте&lt;/em&gt; just more formal, or is there something more subtle going on?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-31T13:51:36.157" LastActivityDate="2014-05-31T13:51:36.157" Title="When is it more appropriate to use здравствуйте rather than привет?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;formality&gt;&lt;приветствия&gt;&lt;этикет&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-13T20:43:41.300" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nominative plural is &lt;em&gt;башки&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; says the genitive plural is &lt;em&gt;башок&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Yet I've never heard this word. Usually, one would find a synonym in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="33" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T20:43:41.300" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2" CreationDate="2012-06-13T20:44:01.743" Score="44" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Здравствуйте&lt;/strong&gt; is a more formal version of &lt;strong&gt;привет&lt;/strong&gt;, roughly equivalent to &lt;em&gt;hello&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;hi&lt;/em&gt; in English, or &lt;em&gt;bonjour&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;salut&lt;/em&gt; in French.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should definitely use &lt;strong&gt;здравствуйте&lt;/strong&gt; with strangers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Especially when one is in a hurry, &lt;strong&gt;здравствуйте&lt;/strong&gt; may be substituted with the shortened &lt;strong&gt;здрасте&lt;/strong&gt;, but that may sound a bit colloquial and present some unwanted undertones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-16T23:26:53.073" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T23:26:53.073" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13" CreationDate="2012-06-13T20:45:54.690" Score="25" ViewCount="2973" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm confused by long form adjectives (which seem to be more common) and short form adjectives. For example, from &lt;strong&gt;свобода&lt;/strong&gt; (freedom) there is the long form adjective &lt;strong&gt;свободный&lt;/strong&gt; and the short form adjective &lt;strong&gt;свободен&lt;/strong&gt;. How are these forms used differently? Why do two different forms exist (in general)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15" LastEditorUserId="116" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T02:02:05.597" LastActivityDate="2013-01-18T09:59:47.097" Title="How are short and long form adjectives used differently?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2" CreationDate="2012-06-13T20:49:21.610" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Phillip is correct, though &lt;code&gt;здрасте&lt;/code&gt; is said to sound a little too informal or &quot;cool&quot;. A safer shortened form of &lt;code&gt;Здравствуйте&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;Здравствуй&lt;/code&gt; (with a &quot;vee&quot; sound at the end).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T20:49:21.610" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2" CreationDate="2012-06-13T20:50:01.383" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whenever you're talking with your peer, you would almost always say &quot;&lt;code&gt;привет&lt;/code&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is a bunch of people, in a room, amongst which are those older than you (and your friends), you would say &quot;&lt;code&gt;здравствуйте&lt;/code&gt;&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Привет&lt;/code&gt; is definitely less formal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, I would say that a lot depends on age of the person you're talking to. &lt;code&gt;Привет&lt;/code&gt; is more friendly, &lt;code&gt;здравствуйте&lt;/code&gt; is more formal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="39" LastEditorUserId="29" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T04:46:54.293" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T04:46:54.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-13T20:51:15.047" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;свободный - is more of a quality like 'a free spot'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;свободен - is more of a state,  how you feel, like 'i am free to do things'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the difference is subtle and depends on the exact meaning&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2012-06-13T20:56:26.020" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T20:56:26.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-13T20:51:36.800" Score="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;башка is originally not Russian word. It comes from Turkish baš which means head. And it is really used in common language, rather than in literature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In plural башка may have 2 valid forms: башки́ and another one that changes letter in the root to бо́шки (with accent on the о́). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In genitive those will respectively be башки́ (singular) and башо́к or бо́шек (plural). Both variants are considered valid, even though I prefer the last one :).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="29" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T20:51:36.800" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2" CreationDate="2012-06-13T20:52:33.510" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Привет&quot; is the less formal version, kind of like &quot;hi,&quot; in English, used mainly between close friends. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;здравствуйте&quot; is more formal, more like &quot;hello,&quot; and used for everyone else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T20:52:33.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-13T20:53:55.793" Score="3" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Свобода - freedom&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Свободен - free to do something. (Also used to indicate you are free to go&quot;) When a prisoner is released from jail he would say &quot;я свободен&quot; or &quot;я на свободе&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Свободный - is, like you said an adjective describing the state of things. He is a free man, он свободный человек&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="39" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T20:53:55.793" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-13T20:56:47.357" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short adjectives are often used as predicates. I can say &lt;code&gt;Он закончил работу, поэтому он свободен&lt;/code&gt;. I can convey the same message by using the long adjective: &lt;code&gt;Он закончил работу, поэтому он свободный&lt;/code&gt;, though the first version is more common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, you can't use short adjectives as attributes. For example, I can say &lt;code&gt;Свободный человек может заниматься всем, чем захочет&lt;/code&gt;, but I can't replace the first word with &lt;code&gt;свободен&lt;/code&gt;, because it is an attribute.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T20:56:47.357" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="17" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:04:25.680" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Свободный&lt;/code&gt; is a persistent attribute, &lt;code&gt;свободен&lt;/code&gt; is a temporary attribute. But often the meaning is just the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article &quot;Краткая форма прилагательных&quot; on the Russian Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; to find out more, there are a number of different cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9" LastEditorUserId="95" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T10:55:51.887" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T10:55:51.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="18" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:08:22.213" Score="18" ViewCount="3824" Body="&lt;p&gt;An example of two words which differ only by a soft sign are &lt;code&gt;кон&lt;/code&gt; (round, as in &quot;the next round of a game&quot;) and &lt;code&gt;конь&lt;/code&gt; (stallion, male horse). Often, English speakers do not know how to enunicate the soft consonant at the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can we understand the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="46" LastEditorUserId="173" LastEditDate="2012-07-04T10:10:08.760" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T10:10:08.760" Title="How do I pronounce the soft sign at the end of a word?" Tags="&lt;согласные&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="19" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:19:22.043" Score="16" ViewCount="916" Body="&lt;p&gt;The title pretty much says it all. It's a very common mistake which (unfortunately) even many native speakers make.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a rule to unambiguously decide should I end this verb with &lt;code&gt;-тся&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;-ться&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-04T10:11:36.013" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T10:11:36.013" Title="How do I know when to use -тся or -ться in a verb" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;tense&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="20" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:23:59.713" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The key here is to ask a question that this verb answers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the question is &quot;what is it doing?&quot;, then the ending should be &lt;code&gt;-тся&lt;/code&gt; (делается, пишется, причесывается, ...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the question is &quot;what to do?&quot;, then it's &lt;code&gt;-ться&lt;/code&gt; (делаться, писаться, причесываться, ...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T21:23:59.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="21" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:25:42.563" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are four cases when you put &lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt; in verb suffixes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Infinitive: умывать(ся), беречь(ся).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Second person singular present or future tense: умываешь(ся), бережёшь(ся).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;After all consonants except &lt;code&gt;й&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt; (ляг(те)) with imperative mood: исправь(те).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Suffixes following a vowel: вернусь, вернитесь, вернулись, вернувшись.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all other cases, there is no &lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best way is to ask a question... If it ends in &lt;code&gt;т&lt;/code&gt;, it's &lt;code&gt;тся&lt;/code&gt;, if in &lt;code&gt;ть&lt;/code&gt;, then it's &lt;code&gt;ться&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я собираюсь - что сдела*&lt;em&gt;ть&lt;/em&gt;*? - прогуляться.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сейчас - что делае*&lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt;*? - строится новый район.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Все, что может - что дела*&lt;em&gt;ть&lt;/em&gt;*? - портиться, обязательно - что сделае*&lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt;*? -&#xA;испортится!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="19" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T12:57:18.960" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T12:57:18.960" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="22" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:25:44.413" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Soft sign has no pronunciation. The letter it follows is softened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="39" LastEditorUserId="173" LastEditDate="2012-06-29T16:27:46.780" LastActivityDate="2012-06-29T16:27:46.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="23" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:28:16.363" Score="31" ViewCount="7767" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find it very hard to translate &quot;excited&quot; to Russian. Dictionary says &quot;взволнованный, возбуждённый&quot; which doesn't fit in most cases. For example how would you translate the following sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;I'm very excited about my new job.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;My trip to Europe was so exciting.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Are you excited about going to the party?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="49" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-25T09:52:49.243" LastActivityDate="2015-09-28T14:22:27.983" Title="What is the Russian translation of &quot;excited about something&quot;?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="11" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="25" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:34:00.937" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's a great question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead of saying &lt;code&gt;I am excited&lt;/code&gt; (now), in Russian, one tends to indicate excitement of what's to come. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words &lt;code&gt;I am excited about the party&lt;/code&gt;, in Russian, may sound as &lt;code&gt;The party will be great&lt;/code&gt; (thus showing excitement). &lt;code&gt;Классная будет вечеринка&lt;/code&gt; (hinting that one is excited about it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A worthy equivalent would be &quot;to be happy about something&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я рад моей новой работе&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;I am excited about my job&lt;/code&gt; come dangerously close to mean the same&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="39" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T21:34:00.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="26" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:34:59.720" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;How about:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я очень рад моей новой работе.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Моя поездка в Европу былa настолько захватывающей.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T21:08:08.667" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T21:08:08.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="27" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="33" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:35:40.310" Score="11" ViewCount="3029" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would one express that one is &quot;&lt;code&gt;confused about something&lt;/code&gt;&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was once told that no direct translation exists, as in Russia no one is confused, but jokes aside, I wonder how I would say it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="39" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-12-30T13:12:52.440" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T13:12:52.440" Title="To be confused about something" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="28" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:36:26.027" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use the word &lt;code&gt;вдохновлять&lt;/code&gt; in the first and the third sentences in your question. However, in my opinion, it is one of those words which do not translate into Russian directly, and the sentences are paraphrased instead. For example, the first message can be translated as &lt;code&gt;Меня очень радует моя новая работа&lt;/code&gt;, and the third one as &lt;code&gt;Тебя радует, что ты пойдешь на вечеринку?&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second message the word is simply translated as &lt;code&gt;захватывающий&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T21:36:26.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="29" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:37:13.647" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate &lt;code&gt;I am excited&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;Я в восторге&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Меня радует&lt;/code&gt;. And the trip was &lt;code&gt;увлекательной&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;захватывающей&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a huge number of synonyms for you :)&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://multitran.ru/c/m.exe?CL=1&amp;amp;s=excited&amp;amp;l1=1&quot;&gt;http://multitran.ru/c/m.exe?CL=1&amp;amp;s=excited&amp;amp;l1=1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T21:37:13.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="30" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:39:38.837" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The translation depends on the context,&lt;code&gt;to confuse&lt;/code&gt; may mean &lt;code&gt;смущать&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;путать&lt;/code&gt;. So &lt;code&gt;to be confused&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;я смущен&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;я запутан&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;сбит с толку&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9" LastEditorUserId="9" LastEditDate="2012-06-13T21:45:03.493" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T21:45:03.493" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="31" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:40:52.487" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would agree no direct translation exists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, you may get away with saying the subject is confusing/complex/hard/incomprehensible instead of saying you are confused by the subject:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'm confused about tax legislation&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Налоговое законодательство такое сложное&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="57" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T21:40:52.487" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="32" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:41:18.067" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;I'm confused&lt;/code&gt; can be translated as &lt;code&gt;я в замешательстве&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я в замешательстве и не знаю, что происходит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;X confused me&lt;/code&gt; can be expressed with &lt;code&gt;X привело меня в замешательство&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Её слова привели меня в замешательство.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="19" LastEditDate="2012-06-13T21:49:25.797" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T21:49:25.797" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="33" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:43:58.450" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;What about “Я запутался в...”?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Seems right to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="58" LastEditorUserId="67" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T04:47:40.640" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T04:47:40.640" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="34" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:50:09.707" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nominative: бОшки&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Genitive: бОшек&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The stress is on the second syllable. That is what I use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is very informal, by the way. I guess you know. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="58" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-20T09:27:57.440" LastActivityDate="2012-11-20T09:27:57.440" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="35" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="43" CreationDate="2012-06-13T21:54:12.730" Score="15" ViewCount="7410" Body="&lt;p&gt;Where can I find licence-free dual language English-Russian novels?  I think this is one of the most effective way of learning language, because of no time needed to search words in dictionary, and the translation is always before eyes. However, finding such books is a bit challenge. I've found the multi-language Bible, but this kind of literature isn't appealing to me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best would be science-fiction novels, but everything else except romances would be also fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="32" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-08-12T12:17:40.680" LastActivityDate="2013-12-26T03:49:01.017" Title="Where to find parallel English-Russian novels to learn Russian?" Tags="&lt;resources&gt;&lt;обучение&gt;&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="7" ClosedDate="2012-07-29T15:45:36.893" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-09-15T11:33:56.443" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="36" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="35" CreationDate="2012-06-13T22:04:11.513" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider this resource: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.moviesubtitles.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.moviesubtitles.ru/&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://subtitry.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://subtitry.ru/&lt;/a&gt;). As well as this one: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailyscript.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.dailyscript.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="153" LastEditDate="2013-12-26T03:47:31.790" LastActivityDate="2013-12-26T03:47:31.790" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-09-15T11:33:56.443" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="37" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="42" CreationDate="2012-06-13T22:10:40.400" Score="16" ViewCount="1243" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen the usage of English phrase &lt;em&gt;for what it's worth&lt;/em&gt; many times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I still don't know what the most precise translation of this phrase is in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="60" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T21:59:01.390" LastActivityDate="2014-12-09T20:06:06.313" Title="What is the best equivalent for FWIW in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="38" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-13T22:16:37.723" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;свободен I would use when &quot;is&quot; in english translation. &quot;He is free = Он свободен&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;свободный I would use with the following noun in the sentence. &quot;Free chair may be occupied - Свободный стул может быть занят&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="58" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T22:16:37.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="39" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27" CreationDate="2012-06-13T22:19:21.573" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;I am confused about ...&quot; does not translate well.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &quot;I do not understand ... well&quot; easily translates to &quot;Я не очень хорошо понимаю ...&quot; or &quot;Я не очень хорошо разбираюсь в ...&quot;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &quot;I do not understand tax legislation well&quot; --&gt; &quot;Я не очень хорошо разбираюсь в налоговом законодательстве&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="61" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T22:19:21.573" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="40" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2" CreationDate="2012-06-13T22:19:44.103" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on your relationship and the context in which it is said. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Здравствуйте&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is fairly formal and &lt;em&gt;&quot;привет&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is informal. With strangers and superiors &lt;em&gt;&quot;здравствуйте&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is vastly preferred, while &lt;em&gt;&quot;привет&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is mostly reserved for friends, family and close acquaintances. If you address a friend who is surrounded by people who should be using &lt;em&gt;&quot;здравствуйте&quot;&lt;/em&gt; with him, it can be good to use the slightly less formal &lt;em&gt;&quot;здравствуй&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, if you want to be cordial but not to undermine their authority.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These aren’t the only two ways (or three, if you count &lt;em&gt;&quot;здравствуй&quot;&lt;/em&gt;) to greet somebody. &lt;em&gt;&quot;Доброе утро&quot;, &quot;добрый день&quot;, &quot;добрый вечер&quot;&lt;/em&gt; are useful for greeting people you see on a regular basis but aren’t particularly close to, such as colleagues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-31T06:40:27.643" LastActivityDate="2014-05-31T06:40:27.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="41" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="37" CreationDate="2012-06-13T22:22:41.590" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;FWIW&lt;/code&gt; is roughly synonymous with &lt;code&gt;my two cents&lt;/code&gt;, which can in turn be translated as &lt;code&gt;мои пять копеек&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt; Note that &lt;code&gt;мои пять копеек&lt;/code&gt; is highly colloquial and can only really be met online.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="19" LastEditDate="2012-06-28T08:30:46.690" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T08:30:46.690" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="42" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="37" CreationDate="2012-06-13T22:22:44.160" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;No direct translation exists. '&lt;em&gt;For what it's worth&lt;/em&gt;' usually means that whatever is to follow is going to be a subjective opinion, which translates well to &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;На мой взгляд&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;In my opinion&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я думаю&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;I think&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я считаю&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;I figure&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to communicate that a piece of information is potentially unimportant for another reason, you could say something like '&lt;em&gt;Может, это неважно, но&lt;/em&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-07T07:10:20.913" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T07:10:20.913" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="43" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="35" CreationDate="2012-06-13T22:56:06.053" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://lib.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Moshkow library&lt;/a&gt; has explicit sections for &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lib.ru/TRANSLATION/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;genres in English translation&lt;/a&gt;. It also often includes English translations alongside Russian novels where the rights to such can be obtained. A lot of Soviet-era and older novels can be found there, for which the Russian texts are naturally also available alongside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="66" LastEditorUserId="153" LastEditDate="2013-12-26T03:49:01.017" LastActivityDate="2013-12-26T03:49:01.017" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-09-15T11:33:56.443" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="44" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="37" CreationDate="2012-06-13T23:03:30.787" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the context. If you just add some information which value you are not sure about, I would translate it as &lt;code&gt;на всякий случай&lt;/code&gt;. If you express your opinion, you can add something like &lt;code&gt;я не настаиваю, но&lt;/code&gt; or simply &lt;code&gt;я думаю&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T23:03:30.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="45" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23" CreationDate="2012-06-13T23:40:01.113" Score="36" Body="&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/25/67&quot;&gt;JAM already said&lt;/a&gt;, Russians prefer to &lt;strong&gt;hint at their feelings instead of describing them&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Instead of saying they're excited about new job, they'll say the job is friggin' awesome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you use  words like &lt;code&gt;возбужден&lt;/code&gt; (which usually refers to sexual arousal for most people and atom state for physics geeks) to express your excitement you're risking to sound either too formal and insincere or too cute and funny, in case people are aware you're just a learner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead, this is what I as native Russian would say if I was to communicate your sentences.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;This is rather informal so Queen wouldn't approve but that's how people speak in their 20's and 30's.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;I'm very excited about my new job.&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To a friend&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кажется, я устроился в классное место.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(Seems like I landed an awesome job.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To an acuqaintance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я очень рад, что получил эту работу.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(I'm really glad I got this job.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;My trip to Europe was so exciting.&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To a friend&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В Европе было круто.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(It was cool in Europe.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To an acquaintance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поездка в Европу была потрясающей.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(The Europe trip was terrific.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Are you excited about going to the party?&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To a friend&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты как, хочешь пойти?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(Hey, would you rather stay or go?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To an acquaintance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Думаешь, будет хорошая вечеринка?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(Do you reckon it'll be a great party?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="67" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-13T23:48:37.873" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="47" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-14T00:22:02.627" Score="12" ViewCount="521" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since we seem to accept questions of the Russian-to-English format, I'd like to ask you helping me with the translation of &quot;жить захочешь, не так раскорячишься&quot;. Which is a famous quote from a movie. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My best guess would be: You wanna live, you'll try harder than that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which doesn't seem to be even close to the spirit of the original quotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T21:41:00.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T21:41:00.260" Title="What is the translation for &quot;жить захочешь, не так раскорячишься&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;saying&gt;&lt;цитата&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-10-18T14:26:02.993" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="48" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="47" CreationDate="2012-06-14T00:51:54.307" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase, as I understand it, means that you'll do whatever it takes to survive, no matter how degrading it may be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more emotional translation could be something like &quot;You'd do worse if your life depended on it&quot;. &quot;You'll do worse if you want to live&quot; could also work, but it sounds like a threat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastEditorUserId="38" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T06:24:47.813" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T06:24:47.813" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="49" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18" CreationDate="2012-06-14T01:09:17.320" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_sign&quot;&gt;Soft sign&lt;/a&gt;, called мягкий знак in russian, has no pronunciation itself. Rather, it affects the letter that precedes it, through a phenomenon called &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatalization&quot;&gt;Palatalization&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T16:00:17.993" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T16:00:17.993" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="50" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="77" CreationDate="2012-06-14T02:10:04.360" Score="24" ViewCount="338" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the syntactic and semantic constraints on the order of adjectival premodifiers in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, linguists and nonspecialist users of language alike generally agree that the order of premodifiers in a nominal phrase cannot be varied freely (please refer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/1155/what-is-the-rule-for-adjective-order&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt; over at English Language &amp;amp; Usage for more details). Similarly, as a native speaker of Russian, I certainly find the phrase **белый большой дом* ‘white big house’ to be infelicitous under most circumstances and would prefer &lt;em&gt;большой белый дом&lt;/em&gt; ‘big white house’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have those rules been codified for Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="54" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:38:12.067" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T19:12:19.533" Title="What is the order of adjectival premodifiers?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;&lt;синтаксис&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="51" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="66" CreationDate="2012-06-14T03:14:32.177" Score="19" ViewCount="2615" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a native Russian speaker myself, but living in a English speaking country am starting to teach my pre-school daughter Russian myself at home and she is struggling with correctly pronouncing the &quot;hard R&quot; sound in words like in &lt;code&gt;морковка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone have any suggestions on how to teach children (or adults for that matter) how to pronounce this tricky (for English speakers) sound?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="76" LastEditorUserId="95" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T07:49:11.943" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T13:01:04.787" Title="Learning to pronounce hard R" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="52" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="115" CreationDate="2012-06-14T03:47:06.743" Score="40" ViewCount="5214" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the prepositions I never learned in Russian courses is &lt;code&gt;про&lt;/code&gt;, which I only met later when communicating with native speakers or when reading. Is it possible to give a good rule of thumb about when it is better to use &lt;code&gt;про&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; for someone who can't hear that one way sounds better? For instance, below are some sentences with &lt;code&gt;про&lt;/code&gt; that I received in emails from a native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Ты правильно написал про русский язык. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Я решил купить книги, про которые думал на прошлой неделе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) Почему ты спрашиваешь у меня про очки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4) Да, про это место я тоже читал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I were writing these, I would have used &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; + prep. case each time instead of &lt;code&gt;про&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-04-25T20:09:59.293" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T23:17:26.177" Title="Usage of &quot;про&quot; instead of &quot;о&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="10" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="53" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="52" CreationDate="2012-06-14T04:21:34.597" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally, either &lt;code&gt;о/об&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;про&lt;/code&gt; is fine. &lt;code&gt;Про&lt;/code&gt; is considered to be marginally colloquial, whereas &lt;code&gt;о/об&lt;/code&gt; is more formal. Some people may perceiving a slightly negative connotation if &lt;code&gt;про&lt;/code&gt; is used. There would be nothing wrong with using &lt;code&gt;о/об&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;про&lt;/code&gt; in either of your examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may already know this, but &lt;code&gt;об&lt;/code&gt; must be used instead of &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; if the following word starts with a vowel, much like a/an in English, so it would be &quot;о русском языке&quot;, &quot;об очках&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastEditorUserId="4" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T19:56:20.677" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T19:56:20.677" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="54" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="60" CreationDate="2012-06-14T04:29:24.630" Score="25" ViewCount="1179" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a question about pronouncing &lt;code&gt;1&lt;/code&gt; in Russian for mathematics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When &lt;code&gt;1&lt;/code&gt; appears by itself on the right side of an equation (or inequality or congruence or other mathematical relation), it seems from what I've heard in lectures that it is always pronounced as &lt;code&gt;единица&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;один&lt;/code&gt;. For example &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 1&lt;/strong&gt; would be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;икс квадрат равно единице&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;икс квадрат равно одному&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;strong&gt;3&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt; ≡ 1 mod 7&lt;/strong&gt; would be pronounced &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;три икc сравнимо с единицей по модулю семь&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;три икс сравнимо с одним по модулю семь&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this convention followed only when &lt;code&gt;1&lt;/code&gt; is the &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; term on the right side, or are there other situations where an equation/inequality/congruence would have &lt;code&gt;1&lt;/code&gt; pronounced as &lt;code&gt;единица&lt;/code&gt;? To be clear, I am not asking about the usage of &lt;code&gt;единица&lt;/code&gt; in the sense of an identity element in a group or a unit in a ring, but rather a setting where it is really synonymous with &lt;code&gt;один&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-07T07:10:03.953" LastActivityDate="2015-04-06T20:49:06.960" Title="mathematical pronunciation of 1" Tags="&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="55" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="52" CreationDate="2012-06-14T04:32:55.917" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In your examples both &quot;про&quot; and &quot;o&quot; sound quite right. I think it's a question of style than grammar. Personally, I would go with &quot;o&quot; in these examples, because it sounds more natural and noble (which isn't necessarily more appropriate) to my ear. Sometime you choose &quot;про&quot; over &quot;о&quot;, because it is easier to articulate in a given context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="38" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T04:44:42.267" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T04:44:42.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="56" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="51" CreationDate="2012-06-14T04:44:33.140" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think there's anything better than everyday practice. The more you talk to your kid the better for you both. Although when it comes to things that most children do at their age the adults aren't as good at keeping up with the conversation. And there's not much you can do about this, unless you get your kid to some Russian speaking daycare. The Russian embassy has to have one of the best ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T04:44:33.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="57" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="68" CreationDate="2012-06-14T05:01:51.380" Score="8" ViewCount="308" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes letters in mathematics are printed in special fonts (e.g., fraktur p for a prime ideal or script F for a sheaf). If I had a script X and wanted to literally say &quot;script X&quot; and not just &quot;X&quot;, is it correct to say икс рукописное?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For context, I learned from several Russian mathematicians, who had been educated in Russia at least through the undergraduate degree, that the first four LaTeX typefaces in the list&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oyatZ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;are pronounced as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;bold X&quot; is икс жирное,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;gothic X&quot; is икс готическое,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt; &quot;italic X&quot; is икс курсивное&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt; &quot;calligraphic X&quot; is икс калиграфическое.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last example, &quot;script X&quot;, is one I did not get a consistent answer about and that is the one I am asking about now. I am specifically interested in a translation where the term &quot;script&quot; is treated as an adjective (the same way I wrote the other font translations above), so Russian translations where the instrumental case of the font name is used, which would correspond essentially to &quot;X written by means of script&quot;, are not the type of translation I'm looking for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2012-06-17T04:52:09.867" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T19:30:43.680" Title="Typographic weight names" Tags="&lt;typography&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="58" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="57" CreationDate="2012-06-14T05:08:37.657" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you mean &lt;code&gt;X&lt;/code&gt; which was handwritten or any handwritten text, it would rather be &lt;code&gt;икс прописной&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;икс прописью&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="85" LastEditorUserId="90" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T08:35:03.053" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T08:35:03.053" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="59" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="52" CreationDate="2012-06-14T05:08:43.023" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a native Russian speaker, and I've struggled to understand the difference between these prepositions and scope of their usage as well. It seems that &lt;code&gt;про&lt;/code&gt; is formally incorrect in Russian. It is the analogous Ukrainian preposition that seems to have made its way to some regions of Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="83" LastEditorUserId="19" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T23:33:08.023" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T23:33:08.023" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="60" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="54" CreationDate="2012-06-14T05:16:02.480" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;единица&quot; is a noun and can be used alone, but &quot;один&quot; is a quantifier that needs something to quantify thus should not be used alone&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take a look at three in the expression 3x. It has &quot;x&quot; to quantify, this is why you say &quot;три икс&quot; instead of &quot;тройка икс&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update 1:&lt;/strong&gt; It's time to summarize what we've been talking about below. Oh man, that was hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it comes to math formulas, there are three players:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;number names (plain numbers in nominative case): &quot;один&quot;, &quot;два&quot;, &quot;три&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;declined number names (in dative case: одному, двум, трем; or genitive case: трех, четырех, восьми)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;nouns representing numbers: &quot;тройка&quot;, &quot;единица&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some rules I can think of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You &lt;em&gt;must&lt;/em&gt; use plain number names for numbers that immediately follow &quot;плюс&quot; or &quot;минус&quot;, because it is not clear how to decline these numbers. Good example: &quot;единица &lt;em&gt;плюс пять&lt;/em&gt; игрек равно четыре &lt;em&gt;миунс два&lt;/em&gt; корня из трех&quot;. Bad example (wrong one): &quot;икс равен двойке плюс тройку минус четверкy&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.1. However, this rule is not the case for stand alone numbers: &quot;в некоторых условиях &#xA;единица равна &lt;em&gt;минус одному&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (it's clear how &quot;минус одному&quot; should be declined).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You &lt;em&gt;must&lt;/em&gt; use a plain number when the number is used as a quantifier: &quot;четыре икс&quot;, &quot;два Пи&quot; in the context of the expression (with other numbers around).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.1. You &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; use a declined number name on the right side to get it to agree  with the relation connecting the two sides: &quot;равно&quot; + dative (equal &lt;em&gt;to&lt;/em&gt;), &quot;больше&quot; + genitive, &quot;меньше&quot; + genitive. Good example: &quot;эф от икс равно &lt;em&gt;четырём икс&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;длина окружности равна &lt;em&gt;двум пи&lt;/em&gt; умноженным на радуис&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You &lt;em&gt;should avoid&lt;/em&gt; using plain number names for a number that stands alone on either side of the equation. Although saying something like &quot;один плюс один равно два&quot; isn't a crime, the following would be better: &quot;один плюс один равно &lt;em&gt;двум&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;один плюс один равно &lt;em&gt;двойке&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. You should consider either of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.1. Using a noun for a stand-alone number even if that number is wrapped into an operator/function. For example: &quot;корень &lt;em&gt;единицы&lt;/em&gt; равен &lt;em&gt;единице&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;единица&lt;/em&gt; больше либо равна косинусу трех икс&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;двойка&lt;/em&gt; в квадрате равна четырем&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.3. Or using a declined number name for a stand-alone number &lt;strong&gt;on the right side&lt;/strong&gt; to get it agree with the predicate of the sentence (&quot;равно&quot;, &quot;не равно&quot;, &quot;больше&quot;, &quot;меньше&quot;). For example: &quot;один плюс два &lt;em&gt;равно трем&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;два икс плюс четыре &lt;em&gt;больше трех&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.4. However, you are &lt;em&gt;highly discouraged&lt;/em&gt; from using a declined number name for a stand-alone number &lt;strong&gt;on the left side&lt;/strong&gt; because there is nothing for it to agree with. (For comparison, the agreement of a declined number name on the right side is with the type of math relation, like = or &amp;lt;, that came before it). Bad example: &quot;одному равно три минус два&quot; even though somebody can find it OK, this sounds like Yoda's way of speaking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You &lt;em&gt;must&lt;/em&gt; decline a standalone number to get it to agree with the operators/functions &quot;корень&quot;, &quot;косинус&quot;, etc. For example: &quot;корень из четырех равен двум&quot;. You cannot say &quot;корень из два&quot; or &quot;косинус один&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rules for one side of an equation do not affect rules for the other, so these sides should be considered separately. Which means you CAN use a noun on one side with number on the other if it doesn't break the above rules. For example: &quot;в некоторых условиях единица равна минус одному&quot;, &quot;единица плюс два равно тройке&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update 2:&lt;/strong&gt; I think we can generalize it even further.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You must &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; decline numbers, with a few exceptions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;there is nothing to get these numbers agreed with&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;when the nominative case is required by the construction you use: &quot;[SOMETHING] минус [ALWAYS_NUMBER_IN_NOMINATIVE]&quot;, &quot;логарифм икс по основанию [ALWAYS_NUMBER_IN_NOMINATIVE]&quot;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE 3:&lt;/strong&gt; There is a catch: although &quot;два&quot; in &quot;единица плюс два&quot; seems to be in nominative, it is actually in the accusative case&quot; that shares the same form with the nominative for inanimate nouns (and numbers). So what's above should be read: &quot;[SOMETHING] минус [ALWAYS_NUMBER_IN_ACCUSIVE]&quot;, &quot;логарифм икс по основанию [ALWAYS_NUMBER_IN_ACCUSIVE]&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;равно&quot;, &quot;равна&quot;, &quot;равен&quot; &lt;strong&gt;allows&lt;/strong&gt; (but does not require) being followed by a nominative regardless of anything: &quot;[SOMETHING] равно пять&quot; is OK as well as &quot;[SOMETHING] равно пяти&quot;. (On the other hand &quot;меньше&quot; or &quot;больше&quot; always require to be followed by a genitive for that matter)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;quantifiers &lt;strong&gt;are allowed&lt;/strong&gt; (but not required) to be used in nominative regardless of anything: &quot;косинус девять икс&quot; is OK as well as &quot;косинус девяти икс&quot;, but &quot;косинус девять&quot; is NOT&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You can use a noun for a number that is not a quantifier.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-12-24T13:34:07.907" LastActivityDate="2013-12-24T13:34:07.907" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-06-15T14:43:38.283" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="61" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="51" CreationDate="2012-06-14T05:17:25.393" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In kindergarten, we have to do tractor-like sound vrrrrrrr. I coulnd't do that at the begin, but I've finally learn this. Now I have no problem distinguishing between and producing double-r and triple-r (although they are not used in any language I know, only in literature).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="37" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T05:17:25.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="62" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="54" CreationDate="2012-06-14T05:19:06.067" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that this is all due to the case being used. If you are reading mathematical equations with a simple right part, you usually use the dative case. It means that the right part of the equation answers the question &quot;than what?&quot; or &quot;than whom?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-5 &amp;lt; 1 &quot;Минус пять меньше единицы.&quot; The question here is: &quot;Меньше чего?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also use the word &quot;один&quot; here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-5 &amp;lt; 1 &quot;Минус пять меньше одного.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem here is that in my opinion it sounds like you are trying to answer a question &quot;Than whom?&quot; rather than &quot;Than what?&quot;, and the sentence looks unfinished because the question &quot;Than whom?&quot; implies that there is some noun missing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, if there is a complex right side of the equation, the sentence is usually built without using the dative case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5 &amp;lt; 1 + 10 &quot;Пять меньше, чем один плюс десять&quot; The question here is &quot;Меньше, чем что?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you can use both &quot;один&quot; and &quot;единица&quot;, but the first word is shorter, so it is used more frequently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="84" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T11:35:17.407" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T11:35:17.407" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="63" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="51" CreationDate="2012-06-14T05:48:02.537" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're having a lot of trouble, you may wish to consult a doctor, it could be rhotacism (картавость), a fairly common speech defect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ivona.bigmir.net/deti/to_seven/318681-Uchim-rebenka-vygovarivat--bukvu--r-&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; seems like it could be useful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T05:48:02.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="64" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="65" CreationDate="2012-06-14T05:50:24.343" Score="27" ViewCount="97288" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как выглядит слово &quot;дно&quot; во множественном числе?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Одно &lt;strong&gt;дно&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Два &lt;strong&gt;дна&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Три &lt;strong&gt;дна&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Четыре &lt;strong&gt;дна&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пять &lt;strong&gt;???&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я знаю правильный ответ, но не знаю &lt;strong&gt;почему так&lt;/strong&gt;. Хотелось бы услышать аргументированный ответ, подкрепленный цитатами и ссылками на весомые источники.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="80" LastEditorUserId="81" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T14:11:28.793" LastActivityDate="2017-12-15T09:41:31.500" Title="Слово &quot;дно&quot; во множественном числе" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="65" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="64" CreationDate="2012-06-14T06:04:54.117" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;Множественное число слова &quot;дно&quot; - донья. Дна - это родительный падеж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Числительные два, три, четыре (а также составные числительные, оканчивающиеся на два, три, четыре, например двадцать два) в именительном падеже сочетаются с существительным в форме родительного падежа и единственного числа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Источники:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.299.ru/word.php?find_word=%E4%ED%EE&amp;amp;slovar=4&quot;&gt;http://slovari.299.ru/word.php?find_word=%E4%ED%EE&amp;amp;slovar=4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/mas/mas-abc/05/ma140613.htm&quot;&gt;http://feb-web.ru/feb/mas/mas-abc/05/ma140613.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;http://slovari.yandex.ru/~книги/Толковый%20словарь%20Даля/ДНО/&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/?rub=rubric_92&quot;&gt;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/?rub=rubric_92&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastEditorUserId="38" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T07:23:18.373" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T07:23:18.373" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="66" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="51" CreationDate="2012-06-14T06:19:14.390" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I tried this way with an adult: &quot;How does a tiger say &lt;em&gt;Grrrr&lt;/em&gt;!&quot;. It was a jokey mood and we tried it in various different ways of &quot;tiger's dialect&quot; until the person eventually found the correct sound. It took ~10 minutes in our case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="88" LastEditorUserId="95" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T11:01:52.577" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T11:01:52.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="67" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="54" CreationDate="2012-06-14T06:33:33.133" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In our practice there is no big difference in meaning between &lt;code&gt;один&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;единица&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you read &lt;code&gt;x*2=1&lt;/code&gt; you can say both more short and convenient &lt;code&gt;икс на два равно один&lt;/code&gt;  either more draggy or pretending to be academical &lt;code&gt;икс умножить на двойку равняется единице&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW, the same about &lt;code&gt;икс квадрат&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;икс в квадрате&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;икс в степени два&lt;/code&gt; Please note you cannot say &lt;code&gt;икс в квадрат&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="88" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T06:33:33.133" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="68" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="57" CreationDate="2012-06-14T06:33:37.410" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;AFAIU it depends on what exactly do you need to highlight:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You want to specify the typographic visual representation of x. In this case you need to emphasize font details. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;икс курсивом (literally: x in italic font)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You want listeners to understand the difference between &lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt; and x. I have several suggestions here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;икс наклонный (literally: inclined x)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;икс рукописный (literally: handwritten x)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;икс косой (literally: oblique x)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="81" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T06:33:37.410" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="69" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="54" CreationDate="2012-06-14T06:39:18.243" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Единица&lt;/code&gt;, while having an &quot;unofficial&quot; meaning of &lt;code&gt;one&lt;/code&gt; as a &lt;em&gt;number&lt;/em&gt;, comes from the same family as &lt;code&gt;двойка&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;тройка&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;четвёрка&lt;/code&gt; etc - words that define &lt;em&gt;digits&lt;/em&gt;. Usage of &lt;code&gt;единица&lt;/code&gt; is unofficial: there are no good rules when to use it rather than &lt;code&gt;one&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="87" LastEditorUserId="90" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T07:35:27.427" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T07:35:27.427" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="70" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="50" CreationDate="2012-06-14T06:46:32.940" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; use either example and be correct. On the other hand, we say &lt;code&gt;большой белый&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;белый большой&lt;/code&gt; because it sounds more pleasant to ear and has some kind of rhythm to it, but I will use &lt;code&gt;белый большой&lt;/code&gt; when &lt;code&gt;белый&lt;/code&gt; is more important  than &lt;code&gt;большой&lt;/code&gt;, for example when you need distinguish white house among many others that might look equally big.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps there is one more reason in this particular case: we have common noun &quot;Белый Дом&quot;  with meaning &quot;building for the government&quot; too, so these two words have a propensity to be closer. In similar way we say &lt;code&gt;круглая красная кнопка&lt;/code&gt;  or &lt;code&gt;сломанный острый нож&lt;/code&gt; but nothing really wrong in using contrary: all depends on emphasize.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="88" LastEditorUserId="88" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T11:53:38.033" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T11:53:38.033" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="71" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="54" CreationDate="2012-06-14T06:51:36.100" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both words can be used interchangeably, though there may be slight semantic differences. Ultimately, it comes down to tradition, preference, and the way it sounds. Other answers here describe well where one would be preferred over another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Big Explanatory Dictionary lists &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?bts=x&amp;amp;word=%EE%E4%E8%ED&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;“один”&lt;/a&gt; as digit (glyph), number, and quantity, amongst other things, and specifically gives this arithmetical example: “Три минус два равняется одному” (3 – 2 = 1). BED defines &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?bts=x&amp;amp;word=%E5%E4%E8%ED%E8%F6%E0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;“единицу”&lt;/a&gt; same way, adding meanings of single-digit place (“разряд единц”), and “unit” (mathematical example: y = 2x + C, where graph moves up C units (“C единиц”)).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ushakov’s &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explanatory_Dictionary_of_the_Russian_Language&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Explanatory Dictionary&lt;/a&gt; (1935–1940) defines “один” as 1) &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt; of the number one (название числа 1); 2) quantity of 1; 9) first in a row of similar things. In contrast to the first of the above, “единица”  is described as 1) “Цифра, изображающая число один” (&lt;em&gt;figure&lt;/em&gt; representing number one).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly, Compendium of Figurative Words and Allegories (1904) gives this variant:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Единица (иноск.) существо, (отдѣльно отъ другихъ, одинаковыхъ съ нимъ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translation: being [creature] (separate from others, equal to him).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T06:51:36.100" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="72" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-14T06:54:39.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Simple explanation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Объект &lt;code&gt;свободен&lt;/code&gt; в &lt;code&gt;свободном&lt;/code&gt; месте.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;An object is &lt;code&gt;free&lt;/code&gt; at &lt;code&gt;inoccupied&lt;/code&gt; place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="90" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T06:54:39.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="73" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="50" CreationDate="2012-06-14T07:03:00.777" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Property of size is the first, what you see and understand, when something appears to you, than color and some other properties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="90" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T07:03:00.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="74" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27" CreationDate="2012-06-14T07:08:13.717" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я сконфужен этим&lt;/code&gt; isn't common, but totally possible translation. It's just out of young people lexicon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="90" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T07:08:13.717" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="75" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1759" CreationDate="2012-06-14T07:17:40.160" Score="11" ViewCount="324" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can take two books in the bookshop and say &lt;em&gt;обе&lt;/em&gt; to indicate I want to buy both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any analogous words for three and more items, to indicate that I have all of them in mind?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="91" LastEditorUserId="38" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T08:32:59.627" LastActivityDate="2013-01-17T23:51:06.710" Title="Are there analogous words for words оба, обе for three and more?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="76" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="75" CreationDate="2012-06-14T07:19:59.843" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, there are not. You can use &quot;Все три/четыре/...&quot;, just like in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T07:19:59.843" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="77" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="50" CreationDate="2012-06-14T07:49:43.197" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rosental (Розенталь) provides these rules for order of adjectives:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3)      определения, выраженные качественными прилагательными, стоят впереди определений, выраженных относительными прилагательными (последние» как выражающие более существенный или постоянный признак, стоят ближе к определяемому существительному), например: новый исторический роман, поздняя осенняя пора;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4)      если неоднородные определения выражены только качественными прилагательными, то ближе к определяемому существительному ставится то из них, которое обозначает более устойчивый признак, например: огромные черные глаза, приятный легкий ветерок;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5)      если неоднородные определения выражены только относительными прилагательными, то обычно они располагаются в порядке восходящей смысловой градации (от более узкого понятия к более широкому), например: ежедневные метеорологические сводки, антикварные бронзовые изделия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/63.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/63.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A relevant discussion can be found here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://newforum.gramota.ru/viewtopic.php?f=2&amp;amp;t=2947&quot;&gt;http://newforum.gramota.ru/viewtopic.php?f=2&amp;amp;t=2947&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="87" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T07:49:43.197" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="78" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="118" CreationDate="2012-06-14T08:04:48.520" Score="28" ViewCount="3077" Body="&lt;p&gt;My wife always corrects me when I say &lt;em&gt;ихний&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;ихних&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;их&lt;/em&gt;. However, I've seen these pronouns in classical literature many times (Chekhov, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which form is correct in speaking and writing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="60" LastEditorUserId="153" LastEditDate="2012-11-07T12:46:34.660" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T16:29:45.733" Title="What is correct: &quot;их&quot; or &quot;ихний&quot;?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="79" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="78" CreationDate="2012-06-14T08:08:01.587" Score="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Их&quot;, there is no question about it. You've likely seen &quot;ихний&quot; being used in literature by less than educated characters, have you not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T08:08:01.587" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="80" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="84" CreationDate="2012-06-14T08:08:41.247" Score="15" ViewCount="1002" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been living in Georgia for half a year and most of my friends are fluent in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been focused on learning Georgian rather than Russian so far. But when I want to learn some Russian too, am I likely to pick up some bad habits by learning from Georgian speakers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a native English speaker, I know the kinds of mistakes otherwise-fluent German native speakers make in their English. What are some Russian equivalents?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="95" LastEditorUserId="4751" LastEditDate="2015-07-11T00:19:38.397" LastActivityDate="2015-07-11T00:19:38.397" Title="Are there some typical mistakes made by native Georgian speakers when speaking Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="81" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="92" CreationDate="2012-06-14T08:15:51.253" Score="5" ViewCount="923" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Soviet Union endured for over seventy years and I know lots of Russian words were borrowed into the languages of the Soviet Republics around Russia during this time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But are there some words borrowed into Russian from the various Baltic, Caucasian and Central Asian Soviet Republics which are still very commonly used in Russia today?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="95" LastEditorUserId="95" LastEditDate="2012-06-17T04:41:43.113" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T04:41:43.113" Title="What are some of the most common words which were borrowed from other neighbouring Soviet republics?" Tags="&lt;заимствования&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="24" ClosedDate="2012-06-17T00:42:27.733" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-09-15T11:33:18.487" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="83" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="108" CreationDate="2012-06-14T08:39:48.477" Score="18" ViewCount="2401" Body="&lt;p&gt;Where, outside the former Soviet Union, is the Russian language so widely used that the knowledge of the other language in practically not required for traveller etc.?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Ukraine, for example, Russian is so widely used that most of the books are in Russian, and in talk-shows people answer the question asked in Ukrainian in Russian. I don't say it's good, but the Russian-speaking traveller would have no communication problems. But this &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; the former Soviet Union, where knowing Russian was practically a must.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any countries, that &lt;em&gt;were not&lt;/em&gt; in Soviet Union, in which the Russian language is so widely used, that one can expect that almost everyone will be able to answer questions in Russian, etc.?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="91" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T21:39:13.117" LastActivityDate="2015-10-11T05:19:41.557" Title="Where outside the former Soviet Union is the Russian language widely used?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="84" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="80" CreationDate="2012-06-14T08:51:44.740" Score="24" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native Russian speaker married to a native of Georgia, I can say that &lt;strong&gt;the&lt;/strong&gt; most common &lt;em&gt;grammatical&lt;/em&gt; mistake is the ending differences on adjectives between masculine/feminine/neuter types.  There is no such distinction in Georgian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &quot;დიდი კატა&quot; (&quot;big cat&quot;) in Russian would be &quot;больш**ая** кошка&quot; or &quot;больш**ой** кот&quot;, depending on whether you are talking about a female or a male cat respectively, while &quot;დიდი სახლი&quot; (&quot;big house&quot;) in Russian would be &quot;больш**ой** дом&quot; - notice the difference in endings.  This one of those things that people learn eventually, but it takes time - and the feel of the language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time, I'd say that the most common &lt;em&gt;pronunciation&lt;/em&gt; mistake is the difference between hard/soft letter &quot;l&quot; in different words. For example, in Russian, word &quot;слушай&quot; (&quot;listen&quot;) is pronounced as &quot;slushay&quot; - with hard &quot;l&quot;, whereas you could more than often hear from Georgians &quot;слюшай&quot; (&quot;sl&lt;sup&gt;j&lt;/sup&gt;ushay&quot;) - with soft &quot;l&quot;. And the same happens the other way around, for example, with word &quot;соль&quot; (&quot;salt&quot; - with soft &quot;l&quot; in Russian), which I hear Georgians pronounce as &quot;cол&quot; - with hard &quot;l&quot;.  I'm not too sure of the exact reasons, possibly because there is only letter &quot;უ&quot; (&quot;u&quot;) in Georgian, which, when follows a consonant, makes that consonant hard-sounding.  To make it soft-sounding, it would go with &quot;ი&quot;, e.g. &quot;იუ&quot; after a consonant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's an old Russian joke about it (any Georgians reading this, please do not get upset, I have very deep respect for you and your culture):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Учитель русского языка в грузинской школе говорит: &quot;запомните дети, поскольку понять это невозможно: слова 'сол' и 'мол' пишутся с мягким знаком, а слова 'пошель' и 'нашель' - без.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roughly translated into English it would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian language teacher in Georgian school is saying, &quot;Memorise this, children, because it is impossible to understand: words &lt;em&gt;sol&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;mol&lt;/em&gt; (English &lt;em&gt;salt&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;moth&lt;/em&gt; respectively, in Russian with soft 'l' at the end, here expressly with hard 'l') have soft 'l' at the end, while words &lt;em&gt;poshel'&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;nashel'&lt;/em&gt; (English &lt;em&gt;went&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;found&lt;/em&gt; respectively, in Russian with hard 'l' at the end, here expressly with soft 'l') have a hard 'l'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T11:16:02.733" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T11:16:02.733" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="85" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="35" CreationDate="2012-06-14T08:57:45.250" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scribd.com/collections/2316116/english-russian-parallel-texts&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;collection of parallel text articles&lt;/a&gt; may be of interest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://englishtexts.ru/tag/text&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;website for Russians studying English&lt;/a&gt; has some parallel text articles that look quite good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://code.google.com/p/franker/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;browser extension Franker&lt;/a&gt;, available for Safari and Chrome, injects Google Translate translations after each sentence. Machine translation is notoriously wonky, but you should be able to get the gist of what's written. Using it on Russian, rather than English, pages should yield the best results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastEditorUserId="153" LastEditDate="2013-12-26T03:48:23.780" LastActivityDate="2013-12-26T03:48:23.780" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-09-15T11:33:56.443" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="86" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="83" CreationDate="2012-06-14T08:59:51.517" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ukraine was part of the Soviet Union (I was born in Ukraine).  Also, it's quite a unique place in that the Eastern part is very much Russian-oriented, while the Western-part is much more nationalistic.  While it's not uncommon at all to meet people in Kharkiv that don't even speak Ukrainian, it's not uncommon at all to meet people in Uzhgorod that don't speak Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the main question, you can easily get away with only Russian in certain parts of Turkey, especially the sea resorts, especially Black Sea resorts, but not everywhere.  Same with Egypt: Russian will be just fine in the resorts but not in rural area half-way between Aswan and Luxor (trust me, I've been there).  You may easily be able to get away with only Russian in Bulgaria, because Bulgarian language is very similar to Russian (both written and spoken).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than that, in almost any country you will find concentrated Russian-speaking communities where Russian will be more than enough, for example, the (in)famouse Brighton Beach in New York, or Coolidge Corner in Boston. However on a more global scale you'd be hard pressed if Russian where all you knew.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T09:26:27.367" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T09:26:27.367" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="87" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="57" CreationDate="2012-06-14T09:13:49.967" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian math books Latin letters in formulae are set off in italics by default. It's a standard. So usually there is no need to emphasize this fact. However, if it's printed it's not &lt;code&gt;рукописный&lt;/code&gt; (handwritten), it's &lt;code&gt;курсив&lt;/code&gt; (italics).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="98" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T09:13:49.967" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="88" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="81" CreationDate="2012-06-14T10:53:32.143" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Found an interesting &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot;&gt;list of Georgian words in Russian&lt;/a&gt; on Russian Wikipedia. I'd say the most common of them are &lt;code&gt;тамада&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;козинаки&lt;/code&gt;. I didn't even know that they are Georgian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="98" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T10:53:32.143" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-09-15T11:33:18.487" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="91" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="96" CreationDate="2012-06-14T11:32:16.310" Score="15" ViewCount="16133" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is Russian so widely known in Georgia, that one can expect to be able to communicate with people in Georgia in shops, buses, hostels etc.?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Older people should know Russian well from the times of Soviet Union, but what with younger people? Is it safe to assume that the knowledge of Russian is enough to cope with traveling alone to Georgia and handling everyday's situations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="37" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T21:38:38.843" LastActivityDate="2013-12-04T19:25:44.930" Title="Is Russian widely known in Georgia?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="92" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="81" CreationDate="2012-06-14T11:58:15.413" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me &lt;s&gt;speak from my heart&lt;/s&gt; try to split your question in two.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;If you want to find out russian words borrowed from the native languages of people of former Soviet Union then wiktionary has a category for this: &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%3a%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Слова по происхождению&lt;/a&gt; (Words by origin). For example subcategory of words of turkic origin:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%3a%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Слова тюркского происхождения&lt;/a&gt; (Words of turkic origin)&#xA;&lt;br/&gt;Some of them are commonly used:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;очаг&lt;/code&gt; (hearth) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;штаны&lt;/code&gt; (pants)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;деньги&lt;/code&gt; (money)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;алмаз&lt;/code&gt; (diamond)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, thorn already gave a couple examples of Georgian words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second part is about republics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of the examples above are the results of a long-term influence of neighbouring turkic folks in VII-XIII centuries, but it's nearly impossible to tell exactly how much are they related to the modern republics of former Soviet Union. Words are borrowed from languages, not officially loaned from foreign countries %)&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually loanwords came with the corresponding concepts. Soviet Union was founded less than a century ago. When the Soviet Union was established most of the &quot;common&quot; words were already present in the native languages. AFAIK, most of the words borrowed from russian language during the soviet era were neologisms, at least from the point of view of the borrowing language. The same goes for russian words borrowed during Soviet period. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are proper names for territory-specific types of food (&lt;code&gt;хачапури&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;манты&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;бигус&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;плов&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;шаурма&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;люля-кебаб&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;бешбармак&lt;/code&gt;), musical terminology (&lt;code&gt;домбра&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;домра&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;кобыз&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;дутар&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;акын&lt;/code&gt;), geographic and ethnic names (&lt;code&gt;абхаз&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;аул&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;аил&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;кишлак&lt;/code&gt;), etc. I believe that there are plenty of russian native-speakers who understand what does these words mean. But I also believe that most of them understand what are the origins of the word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Comments to your update:&lt;/strong&gt; *&lt;em&gt;IMHO&lt;/em&gt;*&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Common words:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA; - &lt;code&gt;кочерга&lt;/code&gt; (poker) - etimology is unclear. Wiktionary links to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrachia_Acharian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Acharian's&lt;/a&gt; deduction to Armenian. But &lt;a href=&quot;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=/usr/local/share/starling/morpho&amp;amp;morpho=0&amp;amp;basename=%5Cusr%5Clocal%5Cshare%5Cstarling%5Cmorpho%5Cvasmer%5Cvasmer&amp;amp;first=1&amp;amp;off=&amp;amp;text_word=%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0&amp;amp;method_word=substring&amp;amp;ic_word=on&amp;amp;text_general=&amp;amp;method_general=substring&amp;amp;ic_general=on&amp;amp;text_origin=&amp;amp;method_origin=substring&amp;amp;ic_origin=on&amp;amp;text_trubachev=&amp;amp;method_trubachev=substring&amp;amp;ic_trubachev=on&amp;amp;text_editorial=&amp;amp;method_editorial=substring&amp;amp;ic_editorial=on&amp;amp;text_pages=&amp;amp;method_pages=substring&amp;amp;ic_pages=on&amp;amp;text_any=&amp;amp;method_any=substring&amp;amp;sort=word&amp;amp;ic_any=on&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Vasmer's etymological dictionary&lt;/a&gt; derives it from Ukrainian/Polish or Turkic (thanks to thorn for remark)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA; - &lt;code&gt;козинаки&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gozinaki&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;gozinaki&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA; - &lt;code&gt;ишак&lt;/code&gt; (donkey)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA; - &lt;code&gt;бархан&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barchan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;barchan&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA; - &lt;code&gt;мечеть&lt;/code&gt; (mosque) - both turkmen and russian words were originated from arabic مسجد (mæsdʒɪd)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA; - &lt;code&gt;кинза&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coriander&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;coriander&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would separate well known proper names:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA; - Айвазовский (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Aivazovsky&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;artist&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;br/&gt;&#xA; - Петросян - Comedian &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny_Petrosyan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Yevgeniy Petrosyan&lt;/a&gt;, is sometimes used as a common name for not very funny comedian last years (mostly on the web). Generally &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Петросян&lt;/a&gt; is a quite popular Armenian last name. Consider, for example chess champion &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigran_Petrosian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Tigran Petrosyan&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA; - &lt;code&gt;аджика&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;боржоми&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;сацебели&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;сациви&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;харчо&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;чахохбили&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;чача&lt;/code&gt; - food and drinks &lt;br/&gt;&#xA; - &lt;code&gt;драм&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;лари&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;лат&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;лит&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;манат&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;сомони&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;тенге&lt;/code&gt; - currencies &lt;br/&gt;&#xA; - Ингушетия, Осетия, Севан, Сочи, Тбилиси, Цхинвал, Цхинвали - toponims &lt;br/&gt;&#xA; - &lt;code&gt;абрек&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;хач&lt;/code&gt; , &lt;code&gt;хачик&lt;/code&gt; - ethnically specific terms (some of them are offensive) &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="81" LastEditorUserId="81" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T12:37:39.717" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T12:37:39.717" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-09-15T11:33:18.487" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="93" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="91" CreationDate="2012-06-14T12:01:33.423" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having been to Georgia for more than 15 times in the past several years, here's my experience:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Most&lt;/em&gt; older people &lt;em&gt;understand&lt;/em&gt; Russian&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Many&lt;/em&gt; younger people &lt;em&gt;understand&lt;/em&gt; Russian&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Many&lt;/em&gt; people &lt;em&gt;speak&lt;/em&gt; Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The knowledge of Russian in Georgia is weaker than in neighboring Armenia or Azerbaijan. Things are also complicated by the political relationships between Georgia and Russia, and some people simply &lt;em&gt;pretend&lt;/em&gt; not to understand Russian, when in fact they do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English is a much worse bet in any case, since only educated young people may speak it more or less. Anyway, since I don't speak Georgian, I spoke only Russian in Georgia and I was fine, so will you. So yes, knowledge of Russian is enough to cope with traveling to Georgia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T12:01:33.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="94" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="95" CreationDate="2012-06-14T12:10:32.957" Score="27" ViewCount="1720" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you're hungry, you say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я голоден.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you're thirsty you say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне хочется пить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there an &lt;em&gt;adjective&lt;/em&gt; in Russian that means thirsty? Perhaps derived from жажда (thirst)?&#xA;Has there ever been such an adjective in Russian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="19" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T23:44:03.003" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T12:47:13.583" Title="Equivalent adjective of 'thirsty' in Russian" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="95" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="94" CreationDate="2012-06-14T12:12:06.723" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say &lt;code&gt;жажден&lt;/code&gt;, but it's rarely encountered outside of theological texts and older literature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stsl.ru/lib/platon2/10.php&quot;&gt;Архиеп. Платон. Поучительныя слова. Том II&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тот, который безсмертною истинны пищею насыщал человеческий род, был&#xA;  гладен, и &lt;strong&gt;жажден&lt;/strong&gt; чрез все течение лет своих.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://az.lib.ru/k/krasheninnikow_s_p/text_0080.shtml&quot;&gt;Описание земли Камчатки. Том второй&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сыт, касину.&#xA;   Голоден, исиаре.&#xA;   &lt;strong&gt;Жажден&lt;/strong&gt;, ипекрейке.&#xA;   Есть, ишама.&#xA;   Пить, кпекреигиуа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://philologos.narod.ru/smeh/smeh-lihach.htm&quot;&gt;Д.С. Лихачев - Смех как мировоззрение - &quot;Смеховой мир&quot; Древней Руси.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пословицы и поговорки также часто представляют собой юмор, глум: [...] Алчен в кухарне, &lt;strong&gt;жажден&lt;/strong&gt; в пивоварне, а наг, бос в мылне&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Overall, this word is very archaic and almost never used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="19" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T12:55:18.930" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T12:55:18.930" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="96" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="91" CreationDate="2012-06-14T12:13:42.470" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;This answer is from my experience having just lived seven and a half months in Georgia, mostly in Tbilisi but also for a month and a half in Batumi.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes Russian is widely known and used every day by the majority of people in Georgia aged in their 20's and above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most people are fluent (they can talk quickly without translating in their heads) but would make lots of grammatical errors that native Russian speakers would pick up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact many people love the Russian language and tell me how beautiful it is. (I'm Australian so they're not just being nice to me.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Certain words are exceptionally common even when otherwise speaking Georgian. Some that come to mind are &quot;маршрутка&quot;, &quot;молодец&quot;, &quot;похмелье&quot; meaning &quot;hangover&quot;, even though there are often native words like ნაბახუსევი (nabakhusevi) for &quot;hangover&quot; and ყოჩაღ (qochagh) for &quot;bravo&quot;, etc. I've also come across &quot;изжога&quot;, &quot;в общем&quot;, and &quot;именно&quot; mixed in with Georgian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some shops I go to regularly where the staff speak Georgian and know that I know more Georgian than Russian, yet they always talk to me in Russian and I always respond in Georgian! (-:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But children are no longer being taught Russian in school and there is a two-year-old program which imports hundreds of native English speakers to work as English teachers in towns and villages throughout the country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My impression is that people still perceive Russian to be &quot;cool&quot; along with English. All of my friends listen to both English and Russian music, but none of them listen to Georgian music. So I assume younger people will continue to pick up Russian without being taught for some time yet, but I would expect the quality to continue to decline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="95" LastEditorUserId="95" LastEditDate="2012-06-19T15:15:18.690" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T15:15:18.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="97" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="91" CreationDate="2012-06-14T12:41:42.003" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I totally agree with everything in the other two answers.  I also want to add that most educated people would teach their children Russian.  Regardless of what the political situation is, the economical reality is that Russia is the largest, most powerful, most influential and most economically developed neighbour Georgia has.  Therefore the need to communicate with it will always exist.  Even those with deep hatred of Russian and Russians but with decent enough brains to analyse the situation will consider it a very useful trait indeed, if not a necessity, to know Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this is not nearly as visible in rural areas, in larger cities (naturally capital Tbilisi and resort Batumi) and even in smaller ones (Rustavi, Gori and many others), the tendency among the better-educated people is to know Russian themselves and teach their children as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My mother-in-law is a teacher living in Tbilisi, teaching Russian and Math.  She offers private lessons, including Russian language - and she never has shortage of pupils.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T12:58:32.797" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T12:58:32.797" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="98" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="94" CreationDate="2012-06-14T13:05:41.237" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Жаждущий&lt;/code&gt;, however it is not quite adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Земля, жаждущая дождя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Цветок, жаждущий воды.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Село, жаждущее хорошего председателя :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="88" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T23:35:12.350" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="99" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="100" CreationDate="2012-06-14T13:52:12.730" Score="23" ViewCount="903" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the first person singular of победить in future tense? The other person-numbers have obvious forms such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ты победишь, мы победим, они победят, вы победите, он победит, я ???&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The obvious &amp;quot;победю&amp;quot; hits the ear wrong. Of course one could use workarounds such as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Победа будет за мной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я одержу победу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I am interested in the grammatical aspect here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there a correct form for first person singular future of this verb?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Was there ever one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Are there other verbs that lack one or more person-number forms but have others?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-01-12T11:55:03.237" Title="What's the first person singular future of победить" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;tense&gt;&lt;будущее-время&gt;&lt;defective-verbs&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="99" CreationDate="2012-06-14T13:55:47.583" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rosental.virtbox.ru/styli_xl.html#sect171&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Д. Э. Розенталь. Справочник по правописанию и стилистике&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§ 171.&#xA;Образование некоторых личных форм&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Глаголы &amp;quot;победить, убедить, очутиться, ощутить, чудить&amp;quot; и некоторые другие, принадлежащие к так называемым недостаточным&#xA;глаголам (т. е. глаголам, ограниченным в образовании или употреблении&#xA;личных форм), не образуют формы 1-го лица единственного числа&#xA;настоящего-будущего времени. Если необходимо употребить эти глаголы в&#xA;указанной форме, используется описательная конструкция, например:&#xA;сумею победить, хочу (стремлюсь) убедить, могу очутиться, попытаюсь&#xA;ощутить, не буду чудить.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не употребляются из-за фонетического совпадения с формами от других глаголов такие формы, как «бужу» (от бузить, ср. бужу от&#xA;будить), «держу» (от дерзить, ср. держу от держать), «тужу» (от&#xA;тузить, ср. тужу от тужить) и некоторые другие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Глаголы умертвить, роптать образуют в l-м лице единственного числа формы умерщвлю, ропщу.&#xA;в приведенном примере буд.время возможно для глагола умертвить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T21:24:25.750" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="102" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-14T15:23:02.080" Score="13" ViewCount="3796" Body="&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that it means &quot;whether&quot; in some contexts, but can mean &quot;if&quot; in others. What is the difference in usage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And what might be the difference between ли and Если, assuming that they both can mean &quot;if?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T22:23:00.247" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T22:23:00.247" Title="What is the proper use of the word ли?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;conjunctions&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="102" CreationDate="2012-06-14T15:29:45.690" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;if&lt;/em&gt; has two meanings. One meaning is the most common one, the one that suggests a condition. This meaning is rendered into Russian as если:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it rains, we'll stay home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если пойдет дождь, мы останемся дома.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other meaning of &lt;em&gt;if&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;whether&lt;/em&gt;. This meaning is rendered into Russian as ли:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know if it will rain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не знаю, пойдет ли дождь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ли is also used to emphasize a question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он придет? Will he come? Simple question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Придет ли он? Will he come? More emphatic. Implies that this is a very important question or can also imply that there's certain doubt that he will come.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ли is sometimes contracted to ль, but this usage is rare in Modern Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Все так же ль осеняют своды &lt;br&gt;&#xA;Сей храм парнасских трех цариц? &lt;br&gt;&#xA;Все те же ль клики юных жриц? &lt;br&gt;&#xA;Все те же ль вьются хороводы?.. (Пушкин)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When ли is used, the natural subject-verb order is usualy inverted (see the examples above).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T15:46:06.320" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="102" CreationDate="2012-06-14T15:53:59.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Ли&amp;quot; can mean &amp;quot;whether&amp;quot; in some cases, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether rain or snow&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дождь ли, снег ли&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which can be shortened to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дождь ли, снег&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, that form is more poetic than what is usually called for. The following is much more natural&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дождь или снег&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T21:16:35.347" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="102" CreationDate="2012-06-14T15:56:37.327" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to add that the first usage of ли (as in &quot;Придет ли он?&quot;) is also often found in compound sentences and not just questions.  This is pretty much the &lt;em&gt;whether&lt;/em&gt; version of its usage.  For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не знаю, пойдет ли дождь. (I don't know whether it will rain.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, it can be used with a &lt;em&gt;maybe&lt;/em&gt; meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;То ли дождь, то ли снег. (Maybe rain, maybe snow.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T15:56:37.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="52" CreationDate="2012-06-14T16:30:13.960" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a couple of cases when the difference between the two words is significant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Читать про себя&lt;/code&gt; vs. &lt;code&gt;читать о себе&lt;/code&gt;. The first one can mean both &quot;to read silently&quot; and &quot;to read about oneself&quot;, while the second one can only mean &quot;to read about oneself&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Это не про меня&lt;/code&gt; (can mean either, very colloquially, &quot;this is not for me / this is too much for me&quot;; or &quot;this is not about me&quot;) vs. &lt;code&gt;это не обо мне&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;this is not about me&quot; only). Note also the use of &lt;code&gt;обо&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; in front of a one-syllable &lt;code&gt;мне&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T21:05:32.930" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T21:05:32.930" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="107" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="78" CreationDate="2012-06-14T18:00:44.320" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The normal, everyday, usage is &lt;code&gt;их&lt;/code&gt;. The other usage &lt;code&gt;ихний&lt;/code&gt; is seen only in special contexts, like literature. Leave it there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastEditorUserId="19" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T23:37:21.297" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T23:37:21.297" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="83" CreationDate="2012-06-14T19:17:17.120" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically, Russian is commonly understood in any country that used to be part of the USSR: Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Moldova, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia. This differs from place to place, and in more rural areas the use of their native language was much heavier than that of the official Russian, but generally people born as late as the 80's are bound to understand Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Outside of the former USSR, Russian is understood by older people from countries that used to belong to the Soviet Bloc - Hungary, former Eastern Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, and more so and even by some younger people in those where the the main local language and alphabet is similar to Russian, like Bulgaria, and where there is more trade and interaction with Russians today (near Kaliningrad, on the Black Sea coast, and in Prague and Karlovy Vary).  There are parallel dynamics within the former non-aligned bloc of former Yugoslavia - Russian is most understand in Orthodox areas and on the Montenegrin coast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in those places, as in some places within the former USSR, speaking Russian has political symbolism, depending on the exact context, that can be positive or negative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also other favourite destinations of Russian-speaking tourists - places in Egypt, Tunisia, the Emirates and Turkey - where it is possible to visit using only Russian.  In some neighbourhoods in Istanbul where many traders organise exports to the former Soviet Union, it is a lingua franca.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unrelated to this, about a seventh of the population of Israel is made up of Russian-speaking immigrants and their children. You can visit Israel using only a working knowledge of Russian.  There are significant Russian-speaking populations in New York, San Francisco, Seattle and many other places around the world, but the tourist infrastructure is not really oriented around Russian speakers in those places.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="113" LastEditorUserId="5897" LastEditDate="2015-10-11T05:19:41.557" LastActivityDate="2015-10-11T05:19:41.557" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="109" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="111" CreationDate="2012-06-14T19:35:12.100" Score="13" ViewCount="229" Body="&lt;p&gt;For most nouns which have no singular form, fractions are meaningless (e.g. &lt;code&gt;штаны, ножницы, весы&lt;/code&gt;), but there are a few such nouns where this is not the case. For example, how do I say &quot;it went on for a day and a half&quot; using the word &lt;code&gt;сутки&lt;/code&gt;? &lt;code&gt;Это длилось полторы сутки&lt;/code&gt; sounds obviously wrong, and so does every other form of &lt;code&gt;полтора&lt;/code&gt; that I could think of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="113" LastEditorUserId="81" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T14:10:38.543" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T14:10:38.543" Title="How do I specify a non-whole number of nouns which have no singular form?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="109" CreationDate="2012-06-14T19:39:20.500" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Полторы суток?  Or just 36 часов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T19:39:20.500" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="109" CreationDate="2012-06-14T19:42:46.000" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case, &lt;code&gt;это длилось полтора суток&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With this particular numeral, general rule is to use genitive case of singular form (&quot;полтора &lt;code&gt;чего?&lt;/code&gt; дня&quot; or &quot;полторы &lt;code&gt;чего?&lt;/code&gt; бутылки&quot;). However, as with plural-only nouns have no singular form, grammatically correct would be to avoid using this at all. However, if one looks up &quot;полтора суток&quot; in any search engine, they would find a lot of published literature containing this combination of words. In this case, general rule would be to assume that singular form of &quot;сутки&quot; is still &quot;сутки&quot; and use genitive case of this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/?rub=rubric_92&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt; has a sub-article regarding this question with the very same conclusion: if you have to use this exact form of &quot;полтора суток&quot; in your text, treat it as exception of general rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, try comparing this use of 1 1/2 with other, more &quot;popular&quot; fractions of both countable and uncountable nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1/3 - треть дня, треть буханки, &lt;em&gt;треть суток, треть денег&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1/2 - половина дня, половина буханки, &lt;em&gt;половина суток, половина денег&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1/4 - четверть дня, четверть буханки, &lt;em&gt;четверть суток, четверть денег&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you see the same principle, &quot;masculine nominative numeral + genitive singular noun&quot; --&gt; &quot;masculine nominative numeral + genitive plural noun&quot; applies to other fractions as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="87" LastEditorUserId="87" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T20:10:45.810" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T20:10:45.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="109" CreationDate="2012-06-14T20:04:04.410" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regarding building phrases combining &lt;code&gt;полтора&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;сутки&lt;/code&gt;, one should bear in mind that these words cannot be put together when the word &lt;code&gt;сутки&lt;/code&gt; is either in &lt;code&gt;именительный&lt;/code&gt; (latin: nominative) or in &lt;code&gt;винительный&lt;/code&gt; (latin: accusative) grammatical case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in your case it's better to say: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это длилось в течение полутора суток.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это длилось до полутора суток.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note the form of the word &lt;code&gt;полтора&lt;/code&gt; in such cases: &lt;code&gt;полутора&lt;/code&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastEditorUserId="36" LastEditDate="2012-06-14T20:11:11.593" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T20:11:11.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="114" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="117" CreationDate="2012-06-14T21:11:30.380" Score="28" ViewCount="1493" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, for the aim of this question I must say that I am not familiar with the Russian language, but I read a bit about it and am curious. I've never learned Russian before and just able to say a handful of sentences.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Thus the intention of this question is to get a rough understanding of what the aspect actually is and how it does work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I read that the Russian language does have three tenses (past, present, future) and contains a concept called aspect. There are two aspects, the perfective and the imperfective aspect, which determine if actions are successfully completed or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if I understand that concept correctly. Maybe it's the wrong way trying to compare them with the English tenses, but that's what I actually do. However, in my current understanding there are several things which the English language supports, but Russian not. First, are English and Russian tenses somehow comparable or is it the wrong way to start with?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, I wonder why there is no perfective aspect in present. What about actions that have happened right now, but are already completed. I think of the English present perfect:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have cooked dinner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This action is already completed, but very close to now. Is such a thing only provided by the past perfective using catchwords like &amp;quot;just now&amp;quot; to declare that the action has just recently happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And does the past perfective also cover the English past perfect? If an action had been completed before another action started, how does the Russian language provide that? And to go one step further: What about progressive tenses? E.g. how to differ between past perfect and past perfect progressive:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I had read a book ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I had been waiting ....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My best guess regarding those two tenses is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;past perfect -&amp;gt; past perfective&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;past perfect progressive -&amp;gt; past imperfective&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if that were true then either the past perfective do in fact cover two (or even more) English tenses or my conjecture for the &amp;quot;cooking-example&amp;quot; above is totally wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it's very confusing to me how a language can handle all requirements in specifying time measurements with a little set of tenses. So, what does the aspect cover? Is it (as the name suggests) the equivalent to the English perfect tenses or is it actually more?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="109" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-07-22T11:01:44.160" Title="Elementary understanding of the concept aspect" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="52" CreationDate="2012-06-14T21:29:57.907" Score="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;While these prepositions are effectively the same, there is a slight semantic difference between them. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я думаю об очках&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я думаю про очки&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first case there is some generalization, I'm thinking about glasses as a category. In the second case I'm thinking of the particular glasses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This difference is usually hardly seen, even by native speakers. It can be completely ignored in colloquial, but plays some role in stylistics of writtings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Disclaimer: I'm not a linguist, this is only my personal opinion based on my feeling of the language (and my wife's feeling too).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2" LastActivityDate="2012-06-14T21:29:57.907" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="116" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="99" CreationDate="2012-06-14T23:13:28.977" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;First person singular of &lt;code&gt;победить&lt;/code&gt; in future tense &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;побежду&lt;/code&gt;. Below is the picture from the &quot;Extensive Russian Grammar&quot; book (&quot;Пространная русская грамматика&quot;, 1830). But now this form is considered obsolete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yuCAJ.png&quot; alt=&quot;Extensive Russian Grammar&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9" LastEditorUserId="9" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T12:03:56.017" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T12:03:56.017" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="114" CreationDate="2012-06-15T00:59:44.993" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are indeed less tenses in Russian. &lt;sub&gt;There used to be more, but that was long, long time ago.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do you convey exactly what you want to? You can either just forget about it (when the correct tense should be obvious from the context, provided the person you are speaking to is willing to employ common sense), or throw in additional, clarifying words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have cooked dinner.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Я приготовил ужин.    (which is not actually different from 'I cooked dinner'.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When looking at the sentence alone, you can't really tell when the dinner was made. This is where you refer to the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When are you saying that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are you speaking to someone over the phone and making a hint you would love them drop in? Then obviously you don't need to clarify the dinner is freshly made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are you telling a story to your friends next day, about the great dinner you made (and the person you shared it with)? Then again, the context is enough for your listeners to understand that you are referring to dinner you made yesterday, which has long been eaten.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And only when the context is ambiguous, you may want to clarify:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я только что приготовил ужин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for past perfect: you use clarifying words to establish order in which events happened in the past:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я прочитал книгу.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Given the lack of context, can be &amp;quot;I read the/a book&amp;quot;; or &amp;quot;I have read the/a book&amp;quot;; or &amp;quot;I had read the/a book&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я [уже] прочитал книгу [на тот момент].&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Now you make it clear the book had been read when the event you're describing occured.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я ждал.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;I waited. I was waiting. I have been waiting. I had been waiting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[К тому моменту] я [уже какое-то время] ждал.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Now you make it clear you had been waiting for some time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bonus chatter: It is not possible to translate &amp;quot;I'm loving it&amp;quot; to Russian. &lt;sub&gt;(The official translation back-translates as &amp;quot;This is what I like&amp;quot;.)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="57" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T01:27:32.310" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="78" CreationDate="2012-06-15T01:41:48.263" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's the question of norm and usage. Russian language is generally quite strict when it comes to enforcing the norm. Even when the usage rendered the norm completely obsolete, the norm is still perceived as such. A good example is the word &lt;em&gt;кофе&lt;/em&gt;: if you use it in neuter gender, there's a chance someone corrects you, even though the neuter gender is marked as acceptable in the dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's pretty much this with the word &lt;em&gt;ихний&lt;/em&gt;. It is definitely used, and not only by &lt;em&gt;less-educated&lt;/em&gt; people. It's just that it's not in the norm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The case where &lt;em&gt;ихний&lt;/em&gt; is logical from the language point of view is when there is an ellipsis. Consider these sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Whose books are those?&quot; — &quot;Theirs.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Чьи это книги? — Их.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, in colloquial speech, &lt;em&gt;ихние&lt;/em&gt; can be used instead of &lt;em&gt;их&lt;/em&gt; with an additional advantage of having the number and case information embedded, just like &lt;em&gt;мои&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;твои&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;наши&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ваши&lt;/em&gt; have. In such case, even a norm-abiding speaker might say &lt;em&gt;ихний&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most other cases, when the noun is present as normal (&lt;em&gt;их книги&lt;/em&gt;), there is no need for any norm-bending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="119" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-06T07:23:38.797" LastActivityDate="2012-11-06T07:23:38.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="114" CreationDate="2012-06-15T09:01:23.800" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general the OP is completely right: there are less tenses in Russian than in English. There is no progressive form either. This makes it possible to express in English something in fewer words, or to add subtle meaning to a phrase. Of course, as any other language, Russian offers other means to express yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back to the original question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So, what does the aspect cover? Is it (as the name suggests) the equivalent to the English perfect tenses or is it actually more?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, aspect is basically equivalent to the perfect vs. simple difference in English. In English it is the time of doing an action that is stressed. &lt;code&gt;I had cooked, I have cooked, I will have cooked&lt;/code&gt;. In Russian, it's the fact itself: was/is there a success in cooking or not? Thus you use just two aspects in Russian instead of three tenses in English. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no progressive form of verbs in Russian at all. How can Russian survive without it? It offers alternatives. In English the progressive form is built using a gerund, which can be replaced with a participle in Russian. For example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the man going along the street — человек, идущий по улице&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian also has adverbial participles, like in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;while going along the street... — идя по улице...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you see, it's again a replacement of an English tense with something else. In this case it actually helps Russian to be more concise. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To give one further example of such differences between different languages, in German the perfect tense has nothing to do with the result of an action at all: in oral speech it's almost exclusively used as the only past tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ich habe gemacht — I have done/I did/I was doing — Я сделал/я делал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T10:17:29.073" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T10:17:29.073" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="114" CreationDate="2012-06-15T09:53:31.630" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually you come pretty close with your guesses. There are basically two questions you have to ask yourself when trying to select the tense and the aspect:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is the action done in the past, the present or the future?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Has the action been completed or not?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first question is obvious, it selects the tense. The second question defines the aspect: if the action has been completed, then the aspect is perfective, otherwise it is imperfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Perfect&lt;/strong&gt; tenses correspond to the &lt;em&gt;perfective aspect&lt;/em&gt; as this is the only type of tenses which tells us that the action is over. All other tenses in English (&lt;strong&gt;Simple&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Progressive&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;Perfect Progressive&lt;/strong&gt;) correspond to the &lt;em&gt;imperfective aspect&lt;/em&gt; because they all imply that the action still continues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By default a message with the imperfective aspect is understood as &lt;strong&gt;Progressive&lt;/strong&gt;. For example, &lt;code&gt;я пеку пирог&lt;/code&gt; without any additional context will be understood as you are cooking it right now, at the moment. If you want to signify that you do this on a daily basis, you can say &lt;code&gt;я обычно пеку пирог&lt;/code&gt; which corresponds to Present &lt;strong&gt;Simple&lt;/strong&gt;. The same thing is done if you want to tell that you have started this action some time ago in the past, but still continue doing it: &lt;code&gt;я уже пеку пирог&lt;/code&gt;, and this is equivalent to Present &lt;strong&gt;Perfect Progressive&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T09:53:31.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="114" CreationDate="2012-06-15T11:42:22.373" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this document, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.openstarts.units.it/dspace/bitstream/10077/982/1/Lingua%20russa%202%20-%20Verc.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Il verbo russo: il problema dell'aspetto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, there is a nice analysis, but since it's Italian, I'll translate it for you. I'll also include parts from other sources. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;From the lexical-grammatical point of view, the Russian verbs are divided into three classes: aspectual, transitive/intransitive and personal/impersonal.&lt;/em&gt; Let's take only the first one for this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The verbs that belong to the aspectual class, are divided into two additional categories: verbs that possess whatever limitation in terms of space/time/other and verbs that have no such limitations.&lt;/em&gt; Some examples are (taken from the document:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;писать&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;&quot;to write&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, writing without any limitations of time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;написать&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;&quot;to write&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, writing bringing that act to completion.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;гулять&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;&quot;to stroll, to walk, to wander&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, without limitations.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;погулять&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;&quot;to stroll, to walk, to wander&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, do the same action but for a while (the limitation is present).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two aspects are called &lt;em&gt;Perfective&lt;/em&gt;, in Russian &lt;strong&gt;совершенный вид&lt;/strong&gt; (СВ), and &lt;em&gt;Imperfective&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;несовершенный вид&lt;/strong&gt; (НСВ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Russian language, unlike other languages, conveys the additional meanings and other information using the verbs' aspects.&lt;/em&gt; For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я писал письмо&lt;/strong&gt;: НСВ, process, duration.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я написал письмо&lt;/strong&gt;: СВ, reaching the act completion.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now let's get to the different features of these two aspects (the terms in the document are not easily translatable, so I'll try to express them with common expressions. If someone finds mistakes, feel free to comment).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Imperfective&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;describing an action being performed by the subject.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;actions that are repeated&lt;/em&gt; (you usually add adverbs to indicate this like &lt;strong&gt;иногда, часто, регулярно, каждый день,&lt;/strong&gt; etc.).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;durative action.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;describing an action that doesn't reach completion.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;it describes the try of reaching a result.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;describing an action but including the opposite one&lt;/em&gt;. The classic example for this is: &lt;strong&gt;Кто-то открывал окно&lt;/strong&gt; — Somebody opened the window. But a possible implication would be &quot;The room changed air (thanks to someone opening the window), but the window is now closed.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;describing an action that hasn't being brought to completion&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Perfective&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;describing an action, but highlighting its result and above all, the &lt;strong&gt;wanted&lt;/strong&gt; result.&lt;/em&gt; For example &lt;strong&gt;Я прочитал книгу.&lt;/strong&gt; I read a book (and I finished it).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;describes many repeated actions but summarized&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;Каждому сказал своё.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;inchoative action&lt;/em&gt;: it describes an action at the moment of its start, such as in &lt;strong&gt;он закричал.&lt;/strong&gt; (he started to shout). Or бежать, &lt;em&gt;&quot;to run&quot;&lt;/em&gt; and побежать, &lt;em&gt;&quot;to start running&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The classification is much more complicated, because we'd need to include: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the verbs describing motion (which deserve a completely separated book) like идти/ходить, etc...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The fact that not all verbs change aspect because of a prefix but also changing other parts: отвечать/ответить&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some verbs don't just change aspect but also meaning.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tenses&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The imperfective is present in &lt;em&gt;past, present and future&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;infinitive&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;imperative&lt;/em&gt;. The perfective only for the *future. The present usually describes a current action or something that happens regularly, and so the perfective is not fit to describe this kind of action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Future&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;composite future&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;буду + imperfective infinitive&lt;/em&gt; (habit, repetitiveness)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;simple future&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;perfective verb, present conjugation&lt;/em&gt; (unique action, not repeated)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Infinitive&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;with phasic verbs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;: usually the imperfective is adopted.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;to desire, to want, to promise&lt;/strong&gt;: with verbs like these, both perfective and imperfective can be used (also with negation). The imperfective shows the hope/will that the action has a regular or repeated follow-up. The perfective just for a single event. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Imperative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the perfective refers to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a single request, that should be done in that moment.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a compulsory, peremptory request.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the imperfective, instead refers to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;negative requests (Don't do this!)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a request to start a certain action.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an invitation in order to make the subject keep doing the action after some hesitation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an invitation in order to make the subject perform an action in the desired way.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a courtesy request (like favor, I think).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;: The Russian verb: the aspect problem&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt;: See comments. &quot;phasic&quot; was hard to translate in this case. A better word might exist.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-07-22T11:01:44.160" LastActivityDate="2017-07-22T11:01:44.160" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="122" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="140" CreationDate="2012-06-15T12:05:15.067" Score="36" ViewCount="4523" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard that Russian has no native words beginning with the letter &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt;. The claim is that the words appearing under A in dictionaries were all imported at some stage or another. Browsing through the dictionary does reveal that the words under A either have openly western origins (&lt;code&gt;авто-, анти-, анархия, акварель, алебастр&lt;/code&gt;...) or they represent objects of asian or oriental  descent (notably fruits like &lt;code&gt;абрикос, ананас, арбуз, арахис&lt;/code&gt;...). It's also evident that these are all objects or concepts, i.e. nouns. There are next to no verbs or adjectives beginning with A except those derived from these foreign nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The few apparently Russian words on A are archaic, rare and sometimes of obscure etymology (&lt;code&gt;аз&lt;/code&gt; - the old name of the letter A itself, &lt;code&gt;авось, абы&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the explanation for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="113" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T11:58:13.137" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T09:24:19.263" Title="Why doesn't Russian have native words beginning with А?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;фонология&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="11" FavoriteCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="123" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="124" CreationDate="2012-06-15T12:10:37.537" Score="13" ViewCount="3333" Body="&lt;p&gt;I made a Google search, but couldn't find any answer. I'd like to know the names of the operators&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;+, -, x, /, =, &amp;lt;, &gt;, %, {, }, (, ), :, &amp;amp;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also I would appreciate links pointing to such symbols if there are any.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="120" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-10-04T10:18:36.313" LastActivityDate="2013-12-27T12:24:22.377" Title="What are the different operators like =,&lt;,&gt;,% etc. called (named) in Russian" Tags="&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="123" CreationDate="2012-06-15T12:20:22.860" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a page on wikipedia dedicated to mathematical symbols:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Таблица математических символов&lt;/a&gt; (List of mathematical symbols)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also there is a category:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Знаки препинания&lt;/a&gt; (punctuation symbols)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;main page&lt;/a&gt; you can find a sidebar with links to pretty much all of the symbols from your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE&lt;/strong&gt;: Symbols mentioned in original question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;плюс&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;знак сложения&lt;/code&gt;. Related operation: &lt;code&gt;сложение&lt;/code&gt; (addition).&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;-&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;минус&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;знак вычитания&lt;/code&gt;. Related operation: &lt;code&gt;вычитание&lt;/code&gt; (subtraction). &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;x&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;знак умножения&lt;/code&gt;. Related operation: &lt;code&gt;умножение&lt;/code&gt; (multiplication). &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;    More specific:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;      &lt;code&gt;x&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;крестик&lt;/code&gt; (applicable to symbol only not to the&#xA;mathematical operation itself)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;      &lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;звёздочка&lt;/code&gt; (symbol only);&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;/&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;:&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;знак деления&lt;/code&gt;. Related operation: &lt;code&gt;деление&lt;/code&gt;(division).&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;    More specific:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;      &lt;code&gt;/&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;косая черта&lt;/code&gt; (symbol only);&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;      &lt;code&gt;÷&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;обелюс&lt;/code&gt; (symbol only);&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;      &lt;code&gt;:&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;двоеточие&lt;/code&gt; (symbol only);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;=&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;знак равенства&lt;/code&gt;. Related operations: &lt;code&gt;равенство&lt;/code&gt;(equality), &lt;code&gt;присвоение&lt;/code&gt;(assignment).&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;≡&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;знак тождественности&lt;/code&gt;. Related operation: &lt;code&gt;сравнение по модулю&lt;/code&gt;(congruence relation, as in modular arithmetic)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;меньше&lt;/code&gt; (literally &lt;code&gt;less&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;больше&lt;/code&gt; (literally &lt;code&gt;greater&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;%&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;знак процента&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;процент&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;()&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;скобки&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;круглые скоки&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;(&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;открывающая скобка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;)&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;закрывающая скобка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;{}&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;фигурные скобки&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;угловые скобки&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;[]&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;квадратные скобки&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;амперсанд&lt;/code&gt; (symbol only). Operation: &lt;code&gt;логическое И&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;И&lt;/code&gt; (logic AND),&lt;code&gt;побитовое И&lt;/code&gt;(bitwise AND)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;.&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;точка&lt;/code&gt; (symbol only, literally &lt;code&gt;point&lt;/code&gt;). Also, &lt;code&gt;десятичная точка&lt;/code&gt; (decimal point), &lt;code&gt;десятичный разделитель&lt;/code&gt; (decimal separator)&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="81" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-12-27T12:24:22.377" CommentCount="14" CommunityOwnedDate="2013-12-27T11:51:10.777" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="122" CreationDate="2012-06-15T13:48:44.133" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The point is: where do we draw the line for a &quot;native word&quot;? Words that now might seem totally russian might have been borrowed 100, 500, 1000 years ago. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've quickly checked the dictionary and for example, I found &lt;strong&gt;абитуриент&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;abituriènt&lt;/em&gt;) which means something like &quot;candidate&quot; as in &quot;candidate to the admission exams&quot; (if that makes sense in English). Even if I know a few languages, this one doesn't resemble any word that I could think of, so we could say it sounds native. But who knows? I mean, I could receive a comment from someone that knows a language I don't know and that will show the relation. I don't think it's that easy to say &quot;this is my language's word&quot; and &quot;this is borrowed&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Borrowing is a continuous process. You're aware of the most recent borrowings like &lt;strong&gt;компьютер&lt;/strong&gt; because you lived the period when it happened, but who knows how many words that you think to be Russian were borrowed some time ago. I don't have data right now, but this is something true for all languages (some more, some less).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T13:48:44.133" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="122" CreationDate="2012-06-15T13:53:14.657" Score="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer the original question, this is what I've found &lt;a href=&quot;http://otvet.mail.ru/answer/105874750/&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In old Slavonic language, the sound А was very hard and, in oral speech, it was usually softened to Я. As an example, the word агнец (church Slavonic) was converted to ягнёнок (old Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sounds plausible to me, however I sent this question to gramota.ru. If they answer, will post the answer here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T13:53:14.657" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="128" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="130" CreationDate="2012-06-15T14:29:37.810" Score="19" ViewCount="1319" Body="&lt;p&gt;Многие говорят, что согласно новым правилам &quot;кофе&quot; официально стал(о) считаться существительным среднего рода. Насколько это соответствует действительности? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если это действительно так, то когда было принято это правило, и считается ли ошибкой использование &quot;кофе&quot; как существительного мужского рода? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-07-26T12:19:35.423" LastActivityDate="2015-01-10T14:27:56.980" Title="Действительно ли по новым правилам слово &quot;кофе&quot; среднего рода?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="128" CreationDate="2012-06-15T14:51:00.877" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it hasn't. It is a colloquial form. See here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%EA%EE%F4%E5&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%EA%EE%F4%E5&amp;amp;all=x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt; (as of 2012-06-15): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Русский орфографический словарь Российской академии наук. Отв. ред. В. В. Лопатин. 2007)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;кофе, нескл., м. и (разг.) с.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Большой толковый словарь русского языка. Гл. ред. С. А. Кузнецов. 2009)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;КОФЕ, неизм.; м. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Русское словесное ударение.Словарь нарицательных имён. Автор М. В. Зарва. 2001)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;кофе [не фэ], нескл., м. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another reference, to answer exactly the OP question: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/hot10/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/hot10/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q: Is it true that кофе is now neuter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A: It is true that кофе can be used in spoken language as neuter noun. It is untrue that is is &quot;now&quot;. This norm was mentioned already in 1970-80s. According to the strict norm it is still masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T15:15:08.920" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T15:15:08.920" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="128" CreationDate="2012-06-15T14:54:54.433" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;С 1 сентября 2009 года вошел в силу приказ министерства образования и науки России от 8 июня 2009, определяющий список словарей и справочников, содержащих нормы современного русского литературного языка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этот список вошел &quot;Грамматический словарь русского языка&quot; под редакцией Андрея Зализняка.  Согласно этому изданию, &quot;кофе&quot; теперь может быть среднего рода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="38" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T16:17:30.553" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T16:17:30.553" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="131" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="134" CreationDate="2012-06-15T14:59:23.863" Score="12" ViewCount="412" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a follow up to the question &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/128/has-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5-officially-become-neutral&quot;&gt;Has кофе become neutral?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have read somewhere on the web that it is now acceptable to write &lt;code&gt;заец&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;заяц&lt;/code&gt;.  Not that I am going to do that, just like I am going to continue to use &lt;code&gt;кофе&lt;/code&gt; as masculine.  Just curious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T11:46:03.880" Title="Has заец really become an acceptable spelling?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="132" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="151" CreationDate="2012-06-15T15:02:35.477" Score="22" ViewCount="2799" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember from my school years that there is no such thing as a word that starts with 'ы'. Is this true? If so, is there something fundamental that prevents this from happening? If no, can anybody give an example?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-07-24T19:29:55.930" LastActivityDate="2016-04-05T12:06:01.543" Title="Is there a word that starts with &quot;ы&quot;?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="132" CreationDate="2012-06-15T15:06:25.383" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was a kid I used to like playing &quot;Cities&quot;, when you name a city and the next person has to name another city that starts with the last letter of the previous city.  Of course, there is a problem when you have to respond to &lt;code&gt;Афины&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Апатиты&lt;/code&gt;.  However, I have an atlas that lists a town named &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA-%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ытык Кюёль&lt;/a&gt;.  Not really a regular word, but it does start with &lt;code&gt;Ы&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T15:06:25.383" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="131" CreationDate="2012-06-15T15:06:48.770" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember reading a while ago (so I tracked it down) an article from Известия on this subject: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.izvestia.ru/news/250227&quot;&gt;http://www.izvestia.ru/news/250227&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand/remember/know, this was one of the possible suggested spelling changes, however it did not even make it into any official drafts.  So, AFAIK, this is wrong.  And hare is still spelled as заяц.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T15:06:48.770" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="135" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-15T15:08:02.050" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If your question is mostly linguistic or if you want an answer that would be asnwered from a linguistics point of view, consider posting in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://linguistics.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;Linguistics SE&lt;/a&gt; site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T17:58:38.960" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T17:58:38.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="136" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-15T15:08:02.050" Score="0" Body="Questions about the scientific study of languages. " OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T17:58:33.983" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T17:58:33.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="131" CreationDate="2012-06-15T15:08:51.363" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?lop=x&amp;amp;bts=x&amp;amp;zar=x&amp;amp;ag=x&amp;amp;ab=x&amp;amp;sin=x&amp;amp;lv=x&amp;amp;az=x&amp;amp;pe=x&amp;amp;word=%E7%E0%E5%F6&quot;&gt;not a single dictionary&lt;/a&gt; that lists &quot;заец&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You mentioned the case of кофе as an analogy. Well, I should argue that it's not, really. All the words in Russian that end in е are neutral, except for coffee. So, logically, it should be neutral as well, it's just that we have traditionally used it as masculine and its usage as neutral hits the ear wrong with no linguistic or logical reason whatsoever, only historical reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The spelling заец, on the other hand, is completely illogical. Consider the plural - зайцы. The я-&gt;й shift is common in Russian, however, е-&gt;й is not. So, there would be no compelling reason to accept this weird spelling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T15:08:51.363" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="138" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="142" CreationDate="2012-06-15T15:11:54.290" Score="13" ViewCount="2316" Body="&lt;p&gt;It doesn't look as easy as it sounds. Is it possible to come up with a well defined set of rules that cover all possible cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="95" LastEditDate="2012-06-16T11:49:39.867" LastActivityDate="2018-09-10T19:11:37.767" Title="How do I split a word into syllables?" Tags="&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="138" CreationDate="2012-06-15T15:13:16.717" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only hard rule that I know of is that there must be one vowel per syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T15:13:16.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="122" CreationDate="2012-06-15T15:19:42.577" Score="36" Body="&lt;p&gt;ОК, so I found &lt;a href=&quot;http://lingvoforum.net/index.php?topic=445.0&quot;&gt;this discussion&lt;/a&gt; that seems to answer this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently as Old Russian transformed into Modern Russian, it underwent a bunch of phonetic processes. One of those was that all words beginning with А got prefixed with a &quot;й&quot; sound, and e.g. Old Russian агода became the modern ягода (berry). The same apparently happened with some other Slavic languages (don't know whether to the same extent), but with different &quot;prosthetic&quot; consonants, e.g. in Slovak it was a &quot;v&quot;, so they got &quot;vajce&quot; instead of the Russian &quot;яйцо&quot; (egg).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They go some more into phonetics there, in case someone is interested.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="113" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T15:19:42.577" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="132" CreationDate="2012-06-15T15:20:38.067" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;You will not find common Russian words beginning with 'ы'. However you can encounter proper names, geographical location names that in Russian will start with 'ы' (or 'и' optionally).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These words come from other languages (foreign languages, languages of native population etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ыгыатта, -ы (р., Якутия, РФ)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ыджыдпарма, -ы (Ыджидпарма) (возв., Респ. Коми, РФ)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ылыч, см. Илыч&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ЫЛЬЧИ МУНДОК, Ыльчи Мундока (кор. полководец)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ыныкчанский, -ого (пгт, Якутия, РФ)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ыспарта, -ы (Испарта) (гор., Турция)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ЫссыкАта, см. ИссыкАта&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there is a verb stemming from the letter name: ыкать (cf. окать, акать).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-12T20:18:39.527" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="138" CreationDate="2012-06-15T15:31:51.543" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/139/47&quot;&gt;Dima mentioned&lt;/a&gt;, the necessary condition is for each syllable to have one and exactly one vowel. But it's by far not sufficient. From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pshelp.narod.ru/lib/applicant/0002-007.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Законы слогоделения в разных языках и даже диалектах одного языка&#xA;  неодинаковы. Например, представители севернорусского наречия&#xA;  произнесут при скандировании слово “дружба” так: друж-ба. А&#xA;  представители южнорусского наречия – иначе: дру-жба.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В русском литературном языке деление на слоги опирается на &lt;strong&gt;принцип восходящей звучности&lt;/strong&gt;. Это&#xA;  обозначает, что звуки в слоге (незаконченом) располагаются от наименее&#xA;  звучного к наиболее звучному. Если звучность условно обозначить&#xA;  цифрами, получится следующее: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3 – гласный звук, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2 – сонорный согласный&#xA;  звук, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1 – остальные (шумные) согласные звуки. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Разделение на слоги&#xA;  будет производится по принципу восходящей звучности: кни-га (1 2 3 - 1&#xA;  3), и-на-че (3 - 2 3 - 1 3), по-ло-тно (1 3 - 2 3 - 1 2 3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Трудности при разделении слова на слоги могут возникнуть при стечении согласных. При этом в русском литературном языке, опирающемся&#xA;  на московское произношение, разделение на слоги будет осуществляться с&#xA;  учетом следующего:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Если на границе слогов рядом оказались два шумных или два сонорных звука (кроме [j]), они относятся к последующему гласному:&#xA;  пу-шка, и-зба, во-лна.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Если в сочетании согласных первый [j], он всегда отходит к предшествующему гласному: вой-на, май-ка.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В сочетании согласных, первым из которых является сонорный, а вторым – шумный, сонорный может отходить к предшествующему гласному:&#xA;  кон-спект, Вол-га.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in most cases it's a phonetic thing. You have to feel the pronunciation of the word, its phonetic division into syllables. Above are some good guidelines, but they require knowledge of phonetics and are not trivial to apply in practice. Also, note that the rules of hyphen (перенос, moving part of the word to the next line) are slightly different. If you're interested in them, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.orfo.ru/Tutorial/html/Spel_Hyph.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;check&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/rules/?rub=perenos&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;out&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://shkola.lv/index.php?mode=cht&amp;amp;chtid=660&amp;amp;subid=141&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;these&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://orthographia.ru/orfografia.php?sid=97&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;links&lt;/a&gt;. Hope this helped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt; Per Alenanno's request, here's an attempt of translating the above source:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The rules of splitting a word into syllables are different not only between languages but also between different dialects of the same language. For example in North-Russian dialect, one would utter the word дружба as друж-ба, whereas in South-Russian it'd be дру-жба.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the literary Russian language the splitting into syllables is based on the principle of increasing sonority. This means that the sounds in a syllable are arranged from least sonorous to most sonorous. If we denote sonority with numbers, we'll have the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3 - vowel sound&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2 - sonorant consonant sound&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1 - other (obstruent) consonant sounds&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The splitting into syllables will be done according to the principle of increasing sonority: кни-га (1 2 3 - 1 3), и-на-че (3 - 2 3 - 1 3), по-ло-тно (1 3 - 2 3 - 1 2 3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Difficulties arise in case of consonant clusters. In literary Russian based on Moscow pronunciation, the splitting is done with consideration of the following rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If on the syllable border there are two sonorants sounds or two obstruents (except for й) they refer to the latter vowel. пу-шка, и-зба, во-лна.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the first in the consonant group is й, it refers to the previous vowel: вой-на, май-ка.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a consonant group where the first is a sonorant, and the second is an obstruent, the sonorant may join the preceeding vowel. кон-спект, Вол-га.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2013-07-26T12:36:21.277" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="143" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="144" CreationDate="2012-06-15T16:37:35.897" Score="16" ViewCount="620" Body="&lt;p&gt;In many languages, the name of the country Georgia is derived from the name of St.George. In Georgian, Georgia is called  საქართველო(Sakartvelo), so obviously Грузия has nothing to do with it either. What is the origin of Грузия? Does it have anything to with the word груз maybe? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:52:51.133" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T12:52:51.133" Title="Etymology/Origin of &quot;Грузия&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;ономастика&gt;&lt;toponyms&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="143" CreationDate="2012-06-15T17:02:32.207" Score="12" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Самоназвание грузинского народа — картвелы, а страны, иначе известной&#xA;  как Грузия, — Сакартвело этимологически объясняется следующим образом:&#xA;  В I тыс. до н. э. западная часть Грузии по имени народа колхи&#xA;  называлась Колхида. Собирательное название древнегрузинских&#xA;  картвельских племён восходит к наименованию восточно-грузинского&#xA;  племени картов и совпадает с самоназванием народа — картвелы. На&#xA;  Востоке этот же народ называли гурз, гурдж, из этого названия в России&#xA;  образовался этноним «гурзин», что позднее в результате перестановки&#xA;  звуков превратилось в «грузин».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD#.D0.93&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is another &lt;a href=&quot;http://speakrus.ru/articles/gruziny.htm&quot;&gt;resource&lt;/a&gt; that mentions the original source of the information which in its turn says that the roots are yet unknown:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Краткий топонимический словарь&quot; Hиконова: ...на востоке этот народ&#xA;  называли /гурз/, /гурдж/ (этимология неизвестна), из этого в России&#xA;  образовалось /гурзин/, в рус. языке с перестановкой звуков (&quot;История&#xA;  Грузии&quot;, т.I, Тбилиси, 1946, с.60).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another interesting &lt;a href=&quot;http://lenta.ru/articles/2010/05/21/gruzia/&quot;&gt;resource&lt;/a&gt; says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как пояснил Ленте.Ру составитель грузинско-английского&#xA;  словаря, профессор Лондонского университета Доналд Рэйфилд, &quot;Георгия&quot;&#xA;  происходит от восточного (персидского и тюркского) названия грузин&#xA;  &quot;гурдж&quot; (которое, в свою очередь, восходит к некоему армянскому&#xA;  корню). Оно сохранилось, например, в турецком названии Грузии&#xA;  &quot;Гюрджистан&quot;. Во времена Крестовых походов европейцы, услышав слово&#xA;  &quot;гурдж&quot; от арабов, сблизили его по созвучию с именем Святого Георгия&#xA;  (оно и впрямь происходит от греческого &quot;землепашца&quot;), который, как они&#xA;  знали, особо почитается на Кавказе. Так и родилась (в XI-XII веках)&#xA;  &quot;Георгия&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet &lt;a href=&quot;http://shkolazhizni.ru/archive/0/n-28452/&quot;&gt;another one&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Русские на Кавказ пришли не через горные перевалы, а вдоль Каспийского&#xA;  моря. Долгая война России с Персией за Дербент и Каспий очень живо (я&#xA;  бы даже сказал, смешно) описана Ю.Тыняновым в романе «Смерть&#xA;  Вазир-мухтара» в небольшой главе, начинающейся словами «В самом деле,&#xA;  что же такое Кавказ?» Именно тогда, пожалуй, русские узнали о&#xA;  существовании христианского царства «Гурджистан», где живут&#xA;  «гурджины». Довольно скоро в русском языке «гурджины» превратились в&#xA;  «грузинов», а страна, которую они населяют, соответственно в «Грузию».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more resource &lt;a href=&quot;http://poiskslov.com/word/%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8/&quot;&gt;claims&lt;/a&gt; there is a city in Georgia named &quot;Гурджаани&quot;. Wiki &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8&quot;&gt;confirms&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ГУРДЖААНИ , город (с 1934) в Грузии, в долине р. Алазани.&#xA;  Железнодорожный узел. 12,9 тыс. жителей (1991). Винодельческие,&#xA;  консервные заводы, мясокомбинат. Филиал тбилисского завода&#xA;  &quot;Микродвигатель&quot;. Театр. Краеведческий музей, Дом-музей Н. Вачнадзе.&#xA;  Близ Гурджаани - грязевой курорт Ахтала. К юго-западу от Гурджаани -&#xA;  3-нефная церковь 8-9 вв.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T19:05:33.830" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T19:05:33.830" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="143" CreationDate="2012-06-15T17:03:17.057" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a lot about it &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.artsakh.info/forum/viewtopic.php?f=16&amp;amp;t=731&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, but I'll try to sum up to the best of my understanding:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The toponym &quot;Груз-&quot; with regard to Georgia apparently entered Russian from Arabic a very long time ago. Arab travelers or cartographers apparently learned it from the way some local peoples referred to Georgia or to some specific place in that region. The local root is related to the totemic cult of the Wolf, which was widespread in the region and can be traced to modern day. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can add that the first part (Arabic origins) seems to be correct, since the original Hebrew word for Georgia (back in the 12th century) stemmed from the same root, before it was replaced with the modern Gruziya because of Russian (and very recently with Georgia for political reasons).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="113" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T17:03:17.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="132" CreationDate="2012-06-15T20:32:13.660" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two more... from Русский орфографический словарь:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;ыр&lt;/code&gt; -а (песня у нек-рых тюркских народов)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;ых&lt;/code&gt; межд.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T20:32:13.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="147" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="149" CreationDate="2012-06-15T20:53:46.620" Score="12" ViewCount="1306" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would you translate &lt;code&gt;privacy&lt;/code&gt; into Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;May I have some privacy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I care about my privacy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T13:00:47.977" Title="A Russian translation for &quot;privacy&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="147" CreationDate="2012-06-15T21:24:02.600" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;AFIK, there is no good translation. Lately, I have been encountering the word &lt;code&gt;приватность&lt;/code&gt;, but I don't think it is standard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have to translate it, you have to reword it taking the context into account.  For example, you might translate &lt;code&gt;Can you give us some privacy?&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;Не могли бы вы оставить нас одних?&lt;/code&gt;  Or you might translate &lt;code&gt;I value my privacy.&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;Я не люблю когда лезут в мои дела.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2012-06-17T01:05:40.307" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T01:05:40.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="147" CreationDate="2012-06-15T21:29:28.810" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think we have a case of a concept not really present in the Russian linguistic world image. One can speculate if the privacy has not really been valued until recently, but that's beyond the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Конфиденциальность&lt;/em&gt; can be used in more formal cases, like in the terms of use of a website, for example. It refers to the information collected about a person (think Facebook).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Частная жизнь&lt;/em&gt; (as in &lt;em&gt;неприкосновенность частной жизни&lt;/em&gt;) is again a law-term, usually referring to the actual physical privacy.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For colloquial usage, what @Dima suggests is probably the best solution. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="119" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T21:29:28.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="147" CreationDate="2012-06-15T21:30:54.813" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would guess:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;конфиденциальность&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;частная жизнь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;неприкосновенность частной жизни&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;секретность&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;уединенность, уединение&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;тайна&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;личное дело&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;интимная сторона личной жизни&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;интимная сфера&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;прайвеси&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T21:30:54.813" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="132" CreationDate="2012-06-15T21:47:15.597" Score="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rather than trying to compile a list of proper nouns and loan-words with initial &lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt;, I'll try to present a more linguistical view on the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The vowels /ы/ and /и/ are in the complementary distribution in the Russian language. Moscow Phonological School even asserted that /ы/ and /и/ are actually one phoneme:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Поскольку в русском языке, по мнению сторонников МФШ, отсутствуют фонетические положения, в которых встречались бы и звук [и], и [ы], то есть присутствие в некоторой позиции одного из этих звуков исключает возможность присутствия в ней другого, последователями школы делается вывод о том, что [и] и [ы] являются разновидностями одной фонемы: [ы] представляет собой вариацию фонемы &amp;lt;и&gt;, обусловленную положением после твёрдого согласного. Таким образом, в парах, подобных &lt;em&gt;мыл&lt;/em&gt; — &lt;em&gt;мил&lt;/em&gt;, единственное фонемное различие состоит в мягкости или твёрдости согласного, а не в гласных фонемах. — &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0#.D0.93.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Московская фонологическая школа&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if there are no minimal pairs on /ы/—/и/, the phonetic difference between these vowels is merely the assimilation of the preceding consonant: /ы/ follow hard consonants, /и/ follows soft (palatalized) ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, with no preceding consonant, only one of the variants can appear. Naturally, it's /и/, and /ы/ should thus be considered an allophone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For an alternate view (of Leningrad Phonological School), see &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/717/119&quot;&gt;shabunc's answer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nevertheless, in loanwords coming from languages where /ы/ &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; a phoneme (take Kazakh, for example), the initial /ы/ is kept for the sake of transcription (same thing as &lt;strong&gt;Ю&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;em&gt;парашют&lt;/em&gt; ‘parachute’ to better render the French /y/ vowel, even though &lt;em&gt;-шю-&lt;/em&gt; is impossible in Russian words).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="119" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T19:10:10.790" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="131" CreationDate="2012-06-15T21:55:38.080" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Note that outside of the animal world, &lt;code&gt;Заец&lt;/code&gt; is a perfectly valid and relatively common family name...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T21:55:38.080" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="154" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-15T23:59:00.690" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time. For example, this area of research answers questions like &quot;How did word X get its current meaning?&quot;, or &quot;Is this word a borrowing from another language?&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that along with the actual etymology a word or a phrase may have a so-called &quot;folk etymology&quot;, which occurs when native speakers don't see the origin of the word and instead re-analyze it. A famous example of such folk etymology is saying that &quot;hamburger&quot; comes from word &quot;ham&quot; and &quot;burger&quot;, when it originally stems from &quot;Hamburg&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are interested in folk etymology instead of the real one, please state so in your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-31T21:03:41.490" LastActivityDate="2012-07-31T21:03:41.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="155" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-15T23:59:00.690" Score="0" Body="The history and the origin of words and phrases." OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-31T21:03:41.490" LastActivityDate="2012-07-31T21:03:41.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="156" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-15T23:59:59.037" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-06-15T23:59:59.037" LastActivityDate="2012-06-15T23:59:59.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="157" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-15T23:59:59.037" Score="0" Body="Topics related to finding a word or a phrase that fits a meaning. Describe the intended meaning, connotation, and/or context in as much detail as you can." OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-09T20:56:02.513" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T20:56:02.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="158" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-16T00:00:19.923" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-06-16T00:00:19.923" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T00:00:19.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="159" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-16T00:00:19.923" Score="0" Body="Questions about the difference in meaning or usage between two or more words." OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T22:19:38.340" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T22:19:38.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="160" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-16T00:00:37.663" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-06-16T00:00:37.663" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T00:00:37.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="161" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-16T00:00:37.663" Score="0" Body="Sets of words or words with specialized meanings that have to be learned." OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="19" LastEditDate="2012-06-16T23:27:31.717" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T23:27:31.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="162" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-16T00:01:02.200" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-06-16T00:01:02.200" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T00:01:02.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="163" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-16T00:01:02.200" Score="0" Body="How the grammar works: how different forms of the same word can be used, what they mean, how they are composed into phrases or sentences. Use this tag with or without a more precise one (check out &quot;morphology&quot;, &quot;syntax&quot;, &quot;word-order&quot;, and tags for different parts of speech (&quot;nouns&quot;) and grammatical categories (&quot;cases&quot;))." OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-10-29T22:53:33.487" LastActivityDate="2017-10-29T22:53:33.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="132" CreationDate="2012-06-16T00:44:55.577" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The alternate form of /ы/ is /и/. For some reason, the latter was chosen as the vowel with which words start. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T00:44:55.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="165" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="183" CreationDate="2012-06-16T00:58:01.443" Score="14" ViewCount="6232" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian word for German is &lt;em&gt;немецкий&lt;/em&gt; which means something like, &quot;voiceless&quot; or &quot;mute.&quot; And yet the country is sometimes referred to as &lt;em&gt;Германия&lt;/em&gt;. Why the difference between the two?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T22:21:58.577" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T22:21:58.577" Title="Different words for &quot;German&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="128" CreationDate="2012-06-16T01:11:52.783" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apparently, the former form of кофе was кофий. The latter is clearly masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кофе ends in an &quot;e.&quot; Most Russian words that end in this letter are neuter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That would lead some to treat the word кофе as neuter. Is this fully accepted at this time? No, it still retains its masculine gender in the eyes of many people--for now. But the language is evolving, with the underlying word having taken the -e form, so acceptance of the neuter gender has become more and more so over time, and will probably continue to grow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastEditorUserId="1347" LastEditDate="2012-06-16T01:17:43.913" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T01:17:43.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="165" CreationDate="2012-06-16T04:12:51.367" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is historical and basically stems from the Russian word mute (&quot;немой&quot;) as a person not speaking the Russian language.  According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot;&gt;Wikipedia Article on Немецкая Слобода&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Немцами тогда называли не только уроженцев Германии, но и вообще любых иностранцев, не знавших русского языка («немых»).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The basic issue is that most of the permanent settlers were primarily from the German kingdoms that were hired for various purposes starting in &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D1%8B&quot;&gt;XV-XVI&lt;/a&gt; centuries according to a Wiki article on Germans in Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="123" LastEditorUserId="86" LastEditDate="2012-06-16T23:27:15.787" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T23:27:15.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="168" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="175" CreationDate="2012-06-16T11:33:55.347" Score="9" ViewCount="277" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a number ends with 0,5,6,7,8, or 9, the following noun is used in genitive plural. Do measurement units make an exception or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В стаде триста девяносто коров. (&lt;strike&gt;В стаде тристо девяносто корова.&lt;/strike&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Файл весит триста девяносто мегабайт/мегабайтов.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, which one is correct in the second sentence? Strangely, in case of length measurements, such as километров, метров, миль it is obvious that only genitive plural is acceptable, and not the nominative. However in case of байт, грамм, ватт, etc, I can't figure out which version is more correct. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of numbers ending with 1, 2, 3, and 4, there seems to be no discrepancy, because all the measurement units seem to follow the regular pattern (nominative singular for 1, genitive singular for 2,3,4).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Файл весит двадцать четыре мегабайта. (obviously never &lt;s&gt;двадцать четыре мегабайт&lt;/s&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="104" LastEditDate="2012-06-16T12:51:59.950" LastActivityDate="2018-04-08T16:53:05.643" Title="Measurement units after numbers - genitive plural or nominative singular?" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="94" CreationDate="2012-06-16T11:35:31.270" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; say &lt;code&gt;Я пересох&lt;/code&gt;, &quot;I'm all dried up&quot;, but that's rather colloquial. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="113" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T11:35:31.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="170" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="173" CreationDate="2012-06-16T12:17:08.393" Score="38" ViewCount="5804" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that there are several Russian verbs can be used to translate the English verbs &quot;to teach&quot;, &quot;to study&quot;, and &quot;to learn&quot;, e.g. учить, выучить, научить, учиться, изучать, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I am a bit confused about their exact meaning and usage.&#xA;Could you explain the meaning of the above verbs? How are the following&#xA;expression translated into Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I am learning Russian.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I am studying at University.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I teach Russian.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I teach Russian to the students.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I teach my son how to drive a car.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I am learning to drive a car.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Where did you learn Russian?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Who taught you Russian?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please feel free to add any further examples that explain how to translate&#xA;&quot;to teach&quot; and &quot;to learn&quot; into Russian, and how to correctly use the Russian verbs I have listed above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="126" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2013-07-22T21:54:46.513" LastActivityDate="2013-07-26T19:36:46.067" Title="How can &quot;to teach&quot; and &quot;to learn&quot; be translated to Russian?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="170" CreationDate="2012-06-16T12:41:30.757" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am learning Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я учу/изучаю русский язык.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am studying at University.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я учусь в университете.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I teach Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я преподаю русский язык.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I teach Russian to the students.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я преподаю русский язык студентам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I teach my son how to drive a car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я учу сына водить машину.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am learning to drive a car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я учусь водить (машину).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where did you learn Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Где ты научился русскому языку?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who taught you Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто научил тебя русскому языку?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for further examples and differences between all those words, I think quite a long essay could  be dedicated to that. Let me just present some points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;учить/преподавать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both words mean to teach. However, when you're talking about a teacher's job/position, you use преподавать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я учу детей математике. I teach math to the kids. (might not be my job per se)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я преподаю математику в школе. I teach math at school. (That's my job)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;учить/научить&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, both words mean to teach. But the latter is perfective, meaning that it denotes completion of the teaching process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я учил его считать. I taught him how to count (but I don't know if he learnt)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я научил его считать. I taught him how to count and he mastered it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;обучать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This word is usually used with trades/skills.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пилотов обучают с помощью тренировочных симуляторов. Pilots are trained by simulators.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;изучать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Изучать means to study, in all senses. You can closely study a problem (изучать проблему), you can study a subject (изучать предмет). When you say Я изучаю математику, it means that math is most likely one of your main subjects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;выучить&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Means to learn (completely). For example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я выучил это стихотворение наизусть. I learnt this poem by heart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я учил английский. I studies English (means the process, not the result/completion)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я выучил английский. I learnt English ( mastered it to some degree, denotes completion)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I said, much more can be said about these verbs. If you pick any two and ask a separate question, it would be easier to present all the differences and nuances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T12:47:05.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="170" CreationDate="2012-06-16T12:41:47.707" Score="47" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Учить&lt;/code&gt;: to be studying something OR to be teaching someone. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Выучить&lt;/code&gt;: to learn something in full (you have completed your learning) OR to get someone learn something (you have taught someone).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Изучать&lt;/code&gt;: to be studying something. Never used for &quot;to be teaching&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Изучить&lt;/code&gt;: to learn something in full (you have completed your learning).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Обучать&lt;/code&gt;: to be teaching someone. Never used for &quot;to be studying&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Обучить&lt;/code&gt;: to get someone learn something  (you have completed your teaching).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Subtle differences between &lt;code&gt;выучить&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;изучить&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;выучить&lt;/code&gt; may be used to say you learnt something by rote (although not necessarily), whereas &lt;code&gt;изучить&lt;/code&gt; always means you actually understood it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;(a consequence of the previous bullet):&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;изучить&lt;/code&gt; always impiles thought and analysis of some sort. Because of that, you never say &lt;code&gt;изучить стих&lt;/code&gt;, you must say &lt;code&gt;выучить стих&lt;/code&gt; (to memorise a verse). Well, you can actually say &lt;code&gt;изучить стих&lt;/code&gt;, but that would mean you performed a linguistic analysis of the verse, which does not imply you now know the verse by heart.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Subtle differences between &lt;code&gt;учить&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;обучать&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Учить&lt;/code&gt; is less formal and can refer to more situations. If a person in the streets shows you how to use an ATM that has Russian interface, that's &lt;code&gt;учить&lt;/code&gt;. Nethertheless, it may also refer to students in school.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Обучать&lt;/code&gt; is more formal and generally refers to a specifically arranged teaching. You expect to see this word in a report teacher submits to school principal. However, relation to an educational institution is not required, you can say &lt;code&gt;обучать&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;учить&lt;/code&gt; to accentuate the act of teaching was not random and/or took some time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How to tell apart the two different meanings of &lt;code&gt;учить&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When referring to learning, the question is 'what' (&lt;code&gt;учить что?&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;When referring to teaching, the question is 'whom' (&lt;code&gt;учить кого?&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Therefore, if you want to say that you are studying a person, you must use the single-meaning form, &lt;code&gt;изучать&lt;/code&gt;, to avoid confusion:&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я учил его -&gt; I taught him (and never I learned him)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я изучал его -&gt; I studied him&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your examples therefore are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am learning Russian.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я изучаю русский язык. (neutral, but sounds somewhat more serious)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я учу русский язык. (tiny little bit more colloquial; leaves a tiny possibility that you don't actually want to do it).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;A native speaker would say: Я изучаю русский.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am studying at University.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я учусь в университете.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  You can't say &lt;code&gt;Я изучаю университет&lt;/code&gt; (that means you are studying the university itself, as a bulding or an entity, its history etc).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  You can't say &lt;code&gt;Я изучаюсь в университете&lt;/code&gt; (that means you are being studied in the university, as a subject. You can be though if you have an interesting disease.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;A native speaker would say: Я учусь в университете.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I teach Russian.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я учу русскому языку.  (acceptable, but quite colloquial and may mean you do is not in a school)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я обучаю русскому языку.  (more formal, but still leaves room for interpretations)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я преподаю русский язык.  (You are a proper teacher, that is your position.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;A native speaker would say: Я преподаю русский OR Я учитель русского языка.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I teach Russian to the students.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я учу студентов русскому языку.  (colloquial)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я преподаю студентам русский язык.  (formal)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;A native speaker would say: Я преподаю русский язык. (omitting &quot;students&quot;, as it's already implied by the verb &lt;code&gt;преподаю&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I teach my son how to drive a car.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я учу сына водить машину.  (that's it! No &lt;code&gt;преподавать&lt;/code&gt; here)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am learning to drive a car.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я учусь водить машину.  (neutral, doesn't make you sound formal)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я изучаю вождение [машины].  (quite formal, you won't hear that in the streets)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;A native speaker would say: Я учусь водить  OR  Я хожу на вождение.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Where did you learn Russian?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Где вы учили русский язык?  (when said by a native speaker, &lt;em&gt;may&lt;/em&gt; imply that your Russian is poor)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Где вы изучали русский язык? (neutral. No assumptions about your level in Russian).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Who taught you Russian?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Кто учил вас русскому языку?  (when said by a native speaker, &lt;em&gt;may&lt;/em&gt; imply that your teacher did a poor job)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Кто научил вас русскому языку?  (this question may mean the person is surprised you know Russian)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Кто преподавал вам русский язык?  (you are specifically asked for the name of the teacher)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="57" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2012-07-03T13:22:56.860" LastActivityDate="2012-07-03T13:22:56.860" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="174" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="179" CreationDate="2012-06-16T12:57:06.917" Score="12" ViewCount="343" Body="&lt;p&gt;I looked in a couple of dictionaries, and they claim that комплексный is stressed on o - кóмплексный. However, when it comes to complex numbers in math, most of the professors at my university (many of whom are Russian in fact) stress е - комплéкснoe число. Is this pronunciation correct? Is it specific to math?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="104" LastEditDate="2012-06-17T08:56:51.860" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T13:37:32.680" Title="Which syllable is stressed in комплексный?" Tags="&lt;математика&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="168" CreationDate="2012-06-16T13:24:25.480" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some unit names form an exception:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ряд существительных мужского первого склонения отступает от закономерности «нулевая флексия в им. п. ед. ч. — ненулевая флексия в род. п. мн. ч.» и образует форму род. п. мн. ч. с нулевой флексией. К ним относятся и названия мер и единиц измерения: ампер, ватт, вольт, герц, грамм, килограмм, гектар, рентген, эрг.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.narod.ru/1194-1215.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://rusgram.narod.ru/1194-1215.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.traktat.com/language/book/sush/sks.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.traktat.com/language/book/sush/sks.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unitwise (gramota.ru):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ВАТТ, -а; мн. род. ватт; м. [англ. watt]. Лампочка в сто ватт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;БАЙТ, -а; р. мн. байтов, &lt;strong&gt;счётн.ф.&lt;/strong&gt; байт&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ГЕКТАР, -а; мн. род. гектаров, (&lt;strong&gt;при счёте&lt;/strong&gt;) гектар; м. [франц. hectare]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T13:24:25.480" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="174" CreationDate="2012-06-16T13:28:33.663" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know it depends on a university and a geographical region, somewhere it's pronounced &lt;code&gt;комплéксное&lt;/code&gt; and somewhere &lt;code&gt;кóмплексное&lt;/code&gt;. Both are correct in colloquial speech as it's a professional term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T13:28:33.663" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="177" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="178" CreationDate="2012-06-16T13:36:44.153" Score="6" ViewCount="760" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my last holiday I met a lot of Russian people and they taught me a couple of Russian sentences, but only the pronunciation. Afterwards I tried to figure out how they are written, but I failed for two of those sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Amongst others they taught me some compliments which means something like &lt;code&gt;You are very beautiful&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;You are a wonderful woman&lt;/code&gt;. With help of a dictionary I could wrote down&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ты о́чень краси́вый.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but I guess that the inflexion is wrong. So, how is it spelled correctly? (It is, of course, directed towards a woman ;))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other is a bit more complicated, I just can recreate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ты __ де́вушка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I write down the missing word as I understood the pronunciation the word is something along &quot;obaldjennaja&quot;. What is the missing word and how is it spelled?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="109" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T14:14:08.913" Title="Request for the correct spelling of &quot;beautiful&quot; and &quot;wonderful&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="177" CreationDate="2012-06-16T13:53:47.170" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ты о́чень краси́вый.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That targets a male person. Saying that may make you sound gay in certain circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To target a girl, you must say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ты о́чень краси́вая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;obaldjennaja -&gt; &lt;code&gt;Обалденная&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A girl that makes you &lt;a href=&quot;http://lingvo.yandex.ru/%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C/%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;обалдеть&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (go out of one's mind, lose one's wits; become dulled/crazed; be stunned)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is very colloquial and almost always means you want some sort of relationship with that girl (unless it's your sister or a female friend with which you already have this level of informality).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="57" LastEditorUserId="57" LastEditDate="2012-06-16T14:14:08.913" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T14:14:08.913" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="174" CreationDate="2012-06-16T13:55:46.297" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;My knowledge, stemming from my math professor in university and supported by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%EA%EE%EC%EF%EB%E5%EA%F1%ED%FB%E9&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Lopatin dictionary&lt;/a&gt;, is that it's компл&lt;b&gt;e&lt;/b&gt;ксный in math (complex numbers) and к&lt;b&gt;о&lt;/b&gt;мплексный otherwise. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Taking into account that it's always c&lt;b&gt;o&lt;/b&gt;mplex in English, I wonder where this distinction comes from.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Wikipedia article about complex numbers suggests that both options are possible and provides the following note:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Двойное ударение указано согласно следующим источникам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Большая советская энциклопедия, 3-е изд. (1973), том 12, стр. 588, статья Ко́мпле́ксные числа.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Советский энциклопедический словарь (1982), стр. 613, статья Ко́мпле́ксное число.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Последнее издание «Словаря трудностей русского языка» (Розенталь Д. Э., Теленкова М. А., Айрис-пресс, 2005, стр. 273) указывает оба варианта: «ко́мплексные (компле́ксные) числа».&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;В Большой российской энциклопедии (том 14, 2010 год) по необъяснённым причинам предлагаются одновременно ударения Компле́ксное число (стр. 691), но Ко́мплексный анализ (стр. 695).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В следующих источниках указан единственный вариант ударения (на второй слог) для чисел:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Орфографический словарь русского языка (6-е издание, 2010), &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Грамматический словарь русского языка (6-е издание, 2009), &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Русский орфографический словарь Российской академии наук под ред. В. В. Лопатина (2-е издание, 2004).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2012-06-17T13:37:32.680" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T13:37:32.680" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="181" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="274" CreationDate="2012-06-16T20:05:22.580" Score="21" ViewCount="3224" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Твóрог&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;творóг&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I know which pronunciation is right without looking it up in the dictionary?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="173" LastEditDate="2012-06-26T22:24:28.223" LastActivityDate="2012-06-27T10:46:03.147" Title="General rules for stressing words the right way" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="174" CreationDate="2012-06-16T20:22:06.417" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say that &lt;em&gt;компле́ксный&lt;/em&gt; with the stress on e is a trait of certain professional slang, in this case, the math one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On every other occasion  this word its regular stress, &lt;em&gt;кóмплексный&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Different stress as a feature of professional slang is not at all uncommon in Russian. A construction worker, for example, would refer to a number of cranes as &lt;em&gt;краны́&lt;/em&gt;, the regular stress being &lt;em&gt;кра́ны&lt;/em&gt;. An IT guy might say &lt;em&gt;драйвера́&lt;/em&gt;, the more regular form being &lt;em&gt;дра́йверы&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="119" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T20:22:06.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="183" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="165" CreationDate="2012-06-16T20:52:34.777" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Russian language world view, there is a significant difference between one's citizenship (гражданство, referring to the country) and ethnicity (национальность). For example, &lt;em&gt;Russian&lt;/em&gt; may mean either &lt;em&gt;российский&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;русский&lt;/em&gt;. A person may be referred to as &lt;em&gt;россиянин&lt;/em&gt; (a citizen of Russia) and as &lt;em&gt;русский&lt;/em&gt; (ethnic Russian), being, for example, ethnic Tatar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, some countries have a pair of adjectives, one referring to the country itself, and the other to the ethnicity. Returning to the question, &lt;em&gt;германский&lt;/em&gt; is the former and &lt;em&gt;немецкий&lt;/em&gt; is the latter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Германский&lt;/em&gt; refers to the country or the territory: &lt;em&gt;германский флаг&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;советско-германский пакт о ненападении&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;германские племена&lt;/em&gt; (tribes that lived on the territory of modern Germany).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Немецкий&lt;/em&gt; refers to the language, ethnicity, or culture: &lt;em&gt;немецкий язык&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;немец&lt;/em&gt; (ethnicity), &lt;em&gt;немецкая литература&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Германские языки&lt;/em&gt; is a slightly complex example: German (&lt;em&gt;немецкий язык&lt;/em&gt;) is one of the Germanic languages (&lt;em&gt;германские языки&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;em&gt;Германские языки&lt;/em&gt; here is a number of languages originally spoken on roughly the territory of modern Germany, as well as the languages descended from those. English, as a matter of the fact, &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; considered a Germanic language (&lt;em&gt;Английский язык относится к германской языковой группе&lt;/em&gt;). Here, &lt;em&gt;немецкий&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;германский&lt;/em&gt; are obviously non-interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="119" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T20:52:34.777" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="122" CreationDate="2012-06-16T22:28:13.270" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Languages evolved differently in different places. Taking Europe alone, the &quot;northern&quot; languages are more consonant based, and have fewer vowels, while it's the southern languages, notably along the Mediterranean, and Middle East, including Latin, Greek, and Arabic, that are comparatively generous in their use of vowels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compared to other parts of Europe, (most of) Russia was relatively remote from the Mediterranean, and even the Middle East (except for Southern Russia). Hence, the extensive use of vowels, especially words beginning with vowels, was introduced later, and to a lesser degree, to Russia than to even the Nordic countries or Germany.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to &quot;nativity,&quot; the operating canon is, &quot;it's all relative.&quot; Are there many Russian words that are 2000 years old that begin with A or other vowels? Probably not. But the &quot;density&quot; of such words increases as their introduction to Russian gets closer to the present that is within the past 1,000 years, more within the past 500 years, and even more within the past 50-100 years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastActivityDate="2012-06-16T22:28:13.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="185" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="181" CreationDate="2012-06-17T01:16:13.143" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know there are no general rules.  In the case of &lt;code&gt;творог&lt;/code&gt;, I think the stress varies by region.  In Ukraine I have quite often heard it with the stress on the first syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T01:16:13.143" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="181" CreationDate="2012-06-17T09:34:34.670" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In case of &lt;em&gt;творог&lt;/em&gt;, both pronunciations are common and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%F2%E2%EE%F0%EE%E3&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;standard&lt;/a&gt; (i.e. correct). In the general case though, I am afraid you will &lt;em&gt;have to&lt;/em&gt; look up in a dictionary; there are no rules. In many languages the stress is bound to a certain syllable (e.g. in Slovak it's always the first syllable, in French and Armenian always the last). In Russian, the stress can fall on any syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;first: &lt;em&gt;крас-&lt;/em&gt; ненький, second: кра &lt;em&gt;-сав-&lt;/em&gt; чик, third: красо &lt;em&gt;-та&lt;/em&gt;, fourth: искусство &lt;em&gt;-вед&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One could make up &lt;em&gt;certain&lt;/em&gt; rules, or patterns, regarding a very small set of words, mostly borrowed, but I don't know if it would be of any use. For example, words ending in &lt;em&gt;-ция&lt;/em&gt; are usually stressed on the preceding syllable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;му &lt;em&gt;-та-&lt;/em&gt; ция, ассоци &lt;em&gt;-а-&lt;/em&gt; ция, про &lt;em&gt;-дук-&lt;/em&gt; ция, ин &lt;em&gt;-фек-&lt;/em&gt; ция&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example of another rule one could say that words ending in &lt;em&gt;-логия&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-графия&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-метрия&lt;/em&gt; are stressed on &lt;em&gt;-лог-&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-граф-&lt;/em&gt;,  and &lt;em&gt;-мет-&lt;/em&gt;, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem of stress is further complicated by the fact that different grammatical forms of the same word may have different stress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я хо &lt;em&gt;-жу&lt;/em&gt;. Ты &lt;em&gt;хо-&lt;/em&gt; дишь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ед.ч. во &lt;em&gt;-да&lt;/em&gt;; мн.ч. &lt;em&gt;во-&lt;/em&gt; ды&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The stress is considered one of the most difficult aspects of Russian. When learning a new word, it's best to memorize its pronunciation along with the pronunciation of its different grammatical forms. It's a lot, I know, but then no one said Russian was easy :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;HTH&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T11:37:54.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="187" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="189" CreationDate="2012-06-17T10:30:28.670" Score="30" ViewCount="27275" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across the (obscene) verb &lt;em&gt;ахуеть&lt;/em&gt; chatting (instant messaging, to be precise) with a native speaker (context: soccer game). A &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;bit of research on the Russian Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; seems to show that this could be a misspelling of &lt;em&gt;охуеть&lt;/em&gt;  originating in the pronunciation of the unstressed o &lt;em&gt;(аканье)&lt;/em&gt;. Is it, or are both versions acceptable because of the colloquial nature of the word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my attempts translate the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;Викисловарь page&lt;/a&gt;, I gather that it is used to express strong feelings (of surprise, admiration, envy, hatred, confusion).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that seems like a pretty loose definition that would apply to a whole range of colloquial Russian words. In fact, I haven't been able to find any translation at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are some realistic examples of use? And exactly &lt;em&gt;how&lt;/em&gt; obscene is it - in which contexts would it be unacceptable? Is it used commonly in day-to-day speech? Is there an accurate translation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="133" LastEditorUserId="104" LastEditDate="2012-06-17T13:54:29.353" LastActivityDate="2017-03-17T13:42:51.473" Title="ахуеть and охуеть - which is used, and what is the precise meaning?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="14" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="187" CreationDate="2012-06-17T10:36:28.707" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Correct form is &lt;code&gt;охуеть&lt;/code&gt;. It means &lt;code&gt;to be confused with something&lt;/code&gt;, for example &lt;code&gt;Я охуел от увиденного&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;I am extremely confused whith what I saw&lt;/code&gt;. &#xA;You should remember that this word is extremely rude and not to be used in public places. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, you can say &lt;code&gt;Я хуею&lt;/code&gt; in the same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="136" LastEditorUserId="4" LastEditDate="2012-06-17T13:14:30.867" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T13:14:30.867" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="187" CreationDate="2012-06-17T10:52:10.530" Score="34" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q: Is the spelling ахуеть acceptable because of the colloquial nature of the word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer is a resounding &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt;. Just because a word is colloquial doesn't mean that it gets to bend all the language norms, rules, and logic. The only correct spelling is &lt;em&gt;охуеть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q: What are some realistic examples of use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я не мог поверить своим глазам! Я просто охуел от увиденного! (surprise)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ты что, oхуел? (Have you lost your f***ing mind?!)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use the infinitive as a complete sentence to express bewilderment, surprise, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Охуеть! (cf. С ума сойти!)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q: And exactly how obscene is it - in which contexts would it be unacceptable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, the word derives from хуй, which is a rude word for penis, referred to as слово из трех букв (the three letter word, c.f. the f-word in English). The meaning of the word охуеть isn't offensive, but because of the derivation, the word itself should be used only with close people and only if you know that they are OK with this type of language. A milder version of the word would be офигеть or охренеть, although they should also be used with caution. Even milder versions are обалдеть and ошалеть, but they lack the strength of the word, as it were.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q: Is it used commonly in day-to-day speech?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, the word is rather common. Of course, some people just don't use this type of language, but those who do, use this word quite commonly. As you may have noticed the meaning range of the word is pretty wide, so this is kind of a universal word :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q: Is there an accurate translation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't believe so, mostly because of the multifuncionality of the word. In some cases it can be rendered as &lt;em&gt;Wow!&lt;/em&gt;, but it doesn't exactly convey all the connotations and feelings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-07-12T09:46:57.840" LastActivityDate="2014-07-12T09:46:57.840" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="187" CreationDate="2012-06-17T11:08:02.490" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q: Is there an accurate translation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like with most obscene colloquial words in Russian, this one can means different things in different context.  However the closest translation would probably be &quot;be astounded&quot;, &quot;be astonished&quot;, etc.  See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.macmillandictionary.com/thesaurus-category/british/Feeling-surprised-or-shocked&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.macmillandictionary.com/thesaurus-category/british/Feeling-surprised-or-shocked&lt;/a&gt; for some other alternatives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q: exactly how obscene is it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obscene enough to be banned out by most of automatic obscenity filters on Russian internet forums.  You should certainly not use it in any written communication or in any cultural- or culture-related context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T11:08:02.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="191" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="192" CreationDate="2012-06-17T11:42:34.990" Score="13" ViewCount="1148" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any pronunciation rules for the letter &amp;quot;о&amp;quot;? I wonder why that letter is slightly differently spoken in feminine and masculine version of the sentence &amp;quot;I understand&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;m: я понял&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;f: я поняла&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russlandjournal.de/russisch/sprachuebungen/wichtige-ausdruecke/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;video tutorial (German, 2nd video)&lt;/a&gt; they pronounce the male version as &amp;quot;ja ponil&amp;quot; and the female version &amp;quot;ja panila&amp;quot;. What is the reason for the subtle distinction in pronunciation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="109" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-02-15T20:05:43.833" Title="Pronunciation rules for &quot;о&quot; in &quot;поня́ть&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="191" CreationDate="2012-06-17T11:44:57.843" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many vowels in Russian, including o, are pronounced differently depending on whether they occur on the stressed position, before the stressed position, or after. In case of o it's like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;stressed: o&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;before stressed: a&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;after stressed: ə (shwa)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еxample:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;хорошо (stressed on the last syllable, therefore pronounced as харашо)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;облако (stressed on the first syllable, therefore pronounced as облəкə)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;поточечно (stressed on the second syllable, therefore pronounced as паточəчнə.Тhe word has three o's and all are pronounced differently because the first o is before the stressed vowel, the second is stressed, and the third is after the stressed vowel. Note that this is a slightly contrived word meaning point-by-point, I just couldn't come up with a simpler example with three o's with the stress on the middle o).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The masculine понял is stressed on the first syllable, so o is pronounced as o. The feminine поняла is stressed on the last syllable, so o is pronounced as a. In some dialects and by some uneducated people, поняла is stressed on the first syllable, in which case it is pronounced as понял with a schwa in the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The shift of stress between different forms of the same word is more than common in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T18:56:35.647" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="51" CreationDate="2012-06-17T13:01:04.787" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was 4 or 5, parents took me to a doctor, who helped me with correct tongue/lip positioning and gave me useful exercises. As I remember, most of them involved saying «RRRRRRRR» in plain and in the middle of other words: «RRRROCKET».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="143" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T13:01:04.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="194" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="196" CreationDate="2012-06-17T13:50:46.377" Score="23" ViewCount="4566" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is &lt;code&gt;чаю&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;чая&lt;/code&gt; more correct in the sentences&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я бы не отказался от чашки ча* &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Можно мне ещё ча*?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and what's the grammatical explanation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T21:36:58.190" LastActivityDate="2015-01-15T16:53:13.273" Title="Чаю vs. чая: what ending is correct?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;окончания&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="195" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="200" CreationDate="2012-06-17T13:56:03.483" Score="20" ViewCount="996" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I am addressing someone and say: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кать, приходи в гости в воскресенье &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is &lt;code&gt;Кать&lt;/code&gt; just a spoken reduction of &lt;code&gt;Катя&lt;/code&gt;, or is it a separate grammatical form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-27T12:25:36.033" LastActivityDate="2018-01-27T12:25:36.033" Title="Миш, Кать, Ань, пап, мам — what is it in an address?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;окончания&gt;&lt;vocative&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="194" CreationDate="2012-06-17T14:11:03.763" Score="29" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это пример так называемого &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;частичного падежа&lt;/a&gt; (партитива). В русском языке он используется редко и в основном с существительными, обозначающими еду или напитки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выпить воды (не всю воду, а немножко воды)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поесть хлеба&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выпить коньяку&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Частичный падеж по форме обычно совпадает с родительным, но многие существительные мужского рода, такие как, например, чай, коньяк, бензинчик, и т.п., имеют две формы частичного падежа:  чая/чаю, коньяка/коньяку, бензинчика/бензинчику. Оба варианта правильные, но последний (который совпадает по форме с дательным) более разговорный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом, в случае второго предложения&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно мне ещё ча*?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;оба варианта правильные, так как здесь используется партитив. В случае же первого предложения мы имеем дело с обычным родительным падежом и, следовательно, правильно будет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я бы не отказался от чашки чая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-26T08:05:51.137" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="187" CreationDate="2012-06-17T14:43:49.040" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q: Is there an accurate translation? What are some realistic examples of use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I took my time to think about it, and came to three main situations in which the word has  more or less different meanings, just something a native speaker can feel in the language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Representing great astonishment and surprise, as in &lt;em&gt;&quot;Я охуел, увидев новый спортивный автомобиль соседа&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (I was astonished when I saw my neighbour's new sports car).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Telling about someone's extremely inadequate (or just very unusual for the speaker) behaviour, like in &lt;em&gt;&quot;Совсем охуел, на такой скорости без шлема ездишь?&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (Are you crazy, riding at such speed without a helmet?).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Very similar to the second, when it is used as an offensive reaction to someone's behaviour at the same time. An english speaker probably wouldn't say &lt;em&gt;&quot;Are you crazy to call my sister a &quot;bitch&quot;?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, because he or she needs something much stronger to answer. The difference between this case and the previous one is that in the second we just express our attitude, and in the last we express hostility, challenge an opponent to a serious argument or even a fight.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q: Exactly how obscene is it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plainly speaking, you should not use it in situations when you would not use &quot;f-word&quot; in English, and vice versa. Also, the reason why I draw your attention to the last example of use is that people can often take this as a sign of hostility, so be careful with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q: Is the spelling &lt;em&gt;ахуеть&lt;/em&gt; acceptable because of the colloquial nature of the word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer is no, this just means the person speaking doesn't care much about the spelling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="143" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-19T22:32:35.427" LastActivityDate="2012-11-19T22:32:35.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="199" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="195" CreationDate="2012-06-17T15:40:48.297" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Кать&quot;, &quot;мам&quot;, &quot;пап&quot;, etc. are colloquial form of the corresponding words.  Grammatically, such form does not exist.  Hence, &quot;Кать, приходи в гости&quot; is a spoken reduction of &quot;Катя&quot;.  Unlike in Ukrainian (endings &quot;-о&quot; or &quot;-у&quot;) or Georgian (ending &quot;-ო&quot;) languages, Russian does not have a special &quot;addressing&quot; grammatical form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possibly this is a way to shorten a phrase to express the thought quicker, without loss or change of meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;====&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Кать&quot;, &quot;мам&quot;, &quot;пап&quot; и т.д - это оборот разговорной речи. Грамматически, такой оборот не является правильноый формой.  То есть, &quot;Кать, приходи в гости&quot; - это именно сокращенный вариант от &quot;Катя&quot;. В отличии от, например, украинского (окончание &quot;-о&quot; или &quot;-у&quot; ) или грузинского (оконончание &quot;-ო&quot;) языков, в русском языке т.н. звательного падежа нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возможно, таким образом укорачивается фраза, чтобы быстрее выразить мысль без потери или изменения смысла.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2015-01-10T14:35:57.873" LastActivityDate="2015-01-10T14:35:57.873" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="195" CreationDate="2012-06-17T15:45:42.317" Score="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Historical vocative&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The historical Slavic vocative has been lost in Russian, and currently can only be found in certain cases of archaic expressions. Few of those expressions, mostly of religious origin, are very common in colloquial Russian: &lt;code&gt;Боже!&lt;/code&gt; (vocative of &lt;code&gt;Бог&lt;/code&gt;), often also used in expression &lt;code&gt;Боже мой!&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;My God!&quot;), and &lt;code&gt;Господи!&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;Lord&quot;), which can also be expressed as &lt;code&gt;Господи Иисусе!&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;Jesus&quot;), vocative is also used in prayers, e.g. &lt;code&gt;Отче наш!&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;Our Father!&quot;). These expressions are used to express strong emotions (much like English &quot;O my God!&quot;), and are often combined (&lt;code&gt;Господи, Боже мой&lt;/code&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Neo-vocative&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern colloquial Russian given names and a small family of terms often take a special &quot;shortened&quot; form that some linguists consider to be a reemerging vocative case. This form is applied only to given names and nouns that end in &lt;code&gt;-a&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;-я&lt;/code&gt;, which are optionally dropped in the vocative form: &lt;code&gt;Лен, где ты?&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;Lena, where are you?&quot;). This is basically equivalent to &lt;code&gt;Лена, где ты?&lt;/code&gt;, the only difference being that the former version suggests a positive personal, emotional bond between the speaker and the person being addressed. Names ending in &lt;code&gt;-я&lt;/code&gt; acquire a soft sign in this case: &lt;code&gt;Оль!&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;Оля!&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;Olga!&quot;). In addition to given names, this form is often used with words like &lt;code&gt;мама&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;папа&lt;/code&gt;, which would be respectively &quot;shortened&quot; to &lt;code&gt;мам&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;пап&lt;/code&gt;. In plural this form is used with words such as &lt;code&gt;ребят&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;девчат&lt;/code&gt; (nominative: &lt;code&gt;ребята&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;девчата&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such usage differs from historical vocative (which would be &lt;code&gt;Лено&lt;/code&gt; in the example above) and is not related to such historical usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9" LastEditorUserId="9" LastEditDate="2012-06-17T15:59:41.530" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T15:59:41.530" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="201" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-17T16:36:55.760" Score="19" ViewCount="670" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been told that in Russian, there are at least two ways of saying &quot;but.&quot; One is &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt;, and the other is &lt;code&gt;но&lt;/code&gt;. They both translate into the same word but (&lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;но&lt;/code&gt;?) they appear to have two somewhat different meanings, which is to say that they are used in different contexts. What is the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-07-09T23:41:07.153" LastActivityDate="2013-05-01T20:22:22.223" Title="What are the different ways of saying &quot;but&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;conjunctions&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="201" CreationDate="2012-06-17T17:02:12.207" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Но&lt;/code&gt; generally means &lt;code&gt;however&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;А&lt;/code&gt; &lt;em&gt;(when used as &quot;but,&quot; because &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt; has lots of meanings in other contexts)&lt;/em&gt; doesn't mean that, and can be used when you don't want to say &quot;however,&quot; but do want to say there is a difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if your thought doesn't have two parts separated with &quot;but,&quot; you want to use &lt;code&gt;но&lt;/code&gt;. Using &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt; as &quot;but&quot; requires a bit of context, and given the lack of context, it's going to be &lt;code&gt;но&lt;/code&gt;. Note: the context may span several sentences. Note: the context may even be implied.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Examples of when &lt;code&gt;но&lt;/code&gt; must be used, but doesn't mean &quot;however&quot; (because the is no context of comparing):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When you don't know how to respond and can only repeat &quot;But... but...&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;But mom!..&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="57" LastEditorUserId="57" LastEditDate="2012-06-17T17:48:48.467" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T17:48:48.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="201" CreationDate="2012-06-17T17:22:40.613" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, &quot;a&quot; is quite close to &quot;and&quot; in this regard. &quot;Но&quot; has a much stronger sense of negation and confrontation with the preceding statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я спокойный человек, &lt;strong&gt;но&lt;/strong&gt; если меня разозлят...&quot; (I'm a calm person, &lt;strong&gt;but&lt;/strong&gt; if somebody pisses me off...) suggests that his reaction will not be calm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While &quot;Я спокойный человек, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; если меня разозлят...&quot; (I'm a calm person, &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; if somebody pisses me off...) suggests something like &quot;I'll reason with them and explain why they're wrong&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Анна пошла в школу а Миша остался дома&quot; (Anna went to school and Misha stayed home) just tells you what they did. But &quot;Анна пошла в школу, но Миша остался дома&quot; (Anna went to school but Misha stayed home) really emphasizes the fact that he stayed home as opposed to her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="113" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T17:22:40.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="201" CreationDate="2012-06-17T17:52:28.830" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;But&lt;/code&gt; can be translated into Russian as &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;но&lt;/code&gt;, depending on the context. &lt;code&gt;А&lt;/code&gt; can be translated into English as &lt;code&gt;but&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;and&lt;/code&gt;, depending on the context. Let's examine the most typical situations, without pretending that the following list is complete :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The conjunction &lt;code&gt;но&lt;/code&gt; contrasts actions, objects and their characteristics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не живу в России, но хорошо говорю по-русски. I don't live in Russia, but I speak Russian well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Стены были деревянные, но крепкие. The walls were wooden, but strong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, I will agree with GSerg that in this case но has connotations of however, nonetheless.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The conjunction &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt; is used to give a more accurate description of an object or action, rather than to contrast them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Стол не стеклянный, а деревянный. The table is not made of glass, but of wood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ему не десять лет, а одиннадцать. He's not ten years old, but eleven.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt;, is used when one clause contradicts the other clause. &lt;code&gt;Но&lt;/code&gt; is used when they simply contrast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я попросил его купить сметану, а он купил молоко. I asked him to buy sour-cream, but he bought milk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они жили вместе, но не разговаривали друг с другом. They lived together, but didn't speak to each other&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, in the two examples above, one could replace &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code&gt;но&lt;/code&gt; and vice versa. That wouldn't make the sentences incorrect, just a bit clumsy. It all boils down to whether you want to emphasize contrast or contradiction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; is used as contrasting &lt;code&gt;and&lt;/code&gt;, meaning whereas, while.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У Маши было три сестры, а у Пети четыре. Masha had three sisters, and/whereas Petya had four.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я живу в Италии, а мой брат в Швеции. I live in Italy, and/whereas my brother lives in Switzerland.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these examples you couldn't replace &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Родители уехали на дачу, а дети остались дома. The parents went to dacha, and/whereas the kids stayed home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this example you could replace &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code&gt;но&lt;/code&gt;, but the meaning would change to &lt;code&gt;but&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Родители уехали на дачу, но дети остались дома. The parents went to dacha, but the kids stayed home. (implies that this is somehow a surprise, a contradiction)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; is used in situations when you state something about something, and request a similar something about something else :) sort of... This meaning can be translated as &lt;code&gt;and&lt;/code&gt; into English, or not translated at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Меня зовут Василий. А тебя? My name is Vasiliy. What's yours? (And what's yours?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот мой дом. А где твой? Here's my house. Where's yours? (And where's yours?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; can be used to change the subject, meaning something like &lt;code&gt;by the way&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А у нас в здании пожар был вчера. (By the way, we had a fire in our building yesterday).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most situations, the choice between &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;но&lt;/code&gt; is rather unambiguous. But, as with everything, there are certain corner cases where two conjunctions are possible, with slight, if any, differences in meaning. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Меня попросили подождать, а я не подождал. I was asked to wait, but I didn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Меня попросили подождать, но я не подождал. I was asked to wait, but I didn't. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first version underlines the contradiction more than the second, but there is really very slight, if any difference in meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-04-16T21:31:10.983" LastActivityDate="2013-04-16T21:31:10.983" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="187" CreationDate="2012-06-17T17:56:59.870" Score="18" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What are some realistic examples of use? And exactly how obscene is it - in which contexts would it be unacceptable? Is it used commonly in day-to-day speech? Is there an accurate translation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;General word of advice about Russian obscenities — understand them, but don't use them yourself. The famous 4 roots sound much stronger then their English equivalents, and the social taboo is also much stronger. For example, in a movie that is set up in some sort of a criminal or military environment, no one will use the 4 roots, even though it's perfectly understood that in real life everybody would have used them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a non-native speaker, you will hardly ever find yourself in a situation that justifies cursing and the artificiality of your cussing will be spotted immediately. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To reiterate — it's very obscene, unacceptable in all situations you might find yourself in as a foreigner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="128" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-19T22:30:53.857" LastActivityDate="2012-11-19T22:30:53.857" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="187" CreationDate="2012-06-17T18:17:49.113" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Correct spelling of verb, its forms and derivatives would contain &amp;quot;о&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;охуеть&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;охуел&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;охуение&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;охуевший&amp;quot; etc), however there is one exception: word &amp;quot;ахуй&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ахуй&lt;/code&gt; (with stress on first syllable) means extreme confusion or astonishment, and is almost always used with preposition &amp;quot;в&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я был &lt;strong&gt;в ахуе&lt;/strong&gt; от его тёщи: она не только не сказала ни слова против нежданным гостям, но и сама села пить с нами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I was astonished by his mother-in-law: not only she hasn't said a single bad words about unwanted guests, but she has even joined us in drinking.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;От последовавшей двухчасовой лекции по матану я впал &lt;strong&gt;в ахуй&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I became extremely confused after the following lecture on mathematical analysis).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually forms of &amp;quot;ахуй&amp;quot; can be safely substituted by word &amp;quot;транс&amp;quot; in its colloquial meaning of confusion or amazement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="87" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T18:17:49.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="207" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="209" CreationDate="2012-06-17T20:13:18.610" Score="6" ViewCount="825" Body="&lt;p&gt;What Russian poet could be recommender for reading for beginners and intermediate Russian Language learners?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Poetry has opinion to be difficult for learners because of extended vocabulary and many neologisms. But some of the poets have written in the way easier to understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What poet would you recommend for person that is learning Russian and is not yet very advanced as appropriate for his/hers language level?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="32" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T21:11:40.113" Title="What Russian poet to recommend for beginners and intermediate learners?" Tags="&lt;обучение&gt;&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2012-06-17T22:35:48.607" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-09-15T11:31:50.393" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="208" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2278" CreationDate="2012-06-17T20:58:03.557" Score="25" ViewCount="78204" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Ukrainian language is very similar to the Russian, but is it understandable for the average Russian native speaker, let's say, in Moscow?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ukrainians understand Russian, but this is mostly because of the high exposure to the Russian language in media and everyday life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="37" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:50:10.463" LastActivityDate="2017-05-27T14:24:06.310" Title="Is the Ukrainian language understandable for the average Russian native speaker?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;slavic&gt;" AnswerCount="13" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="207" CreationDate="2012-06-17T21:11:40.113" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would recommend the poetry of &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sergei Yesenin&lt;/a&gt; (Сергей Есенин). Very beautiful, clean language. Truly Russian spirit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T21:11:40.113" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-09-15T11:31:50.393" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="208" CreationDate="2012-06-17T22:11:18.310" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most cases no. But, I would say that if an average Russian went to Ukraine (eastern Ukraine to be exact, western language has more differences) and lived a couple of months he would understand it well. &#xA;My grandma was from Ukraine and I understood her well when she spoke Ukrainian though I don't know this language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="136" LastEditorUserId="104" LastEditDate="2012-06-17T22:20:35.940" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T22:20:35.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="208" CreationDate="2012-06-17T22:14:38.270" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Between an imaginary average Russian speaker and an imaginary average Ukrainian speaker there could be an understanding at a level of basic everyday ideas. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, communication at some more advanced level in most cases is possible thanks to cultural closeness of Ukrainians and Russians.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="36" LastActivityDate="2012-06-17T22:14:38.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="212" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="216" CreationDate="2012-06-18T00:29:49.817" Score="10" ViewCount="1415" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a pronunciation rule for unstressed &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember being told that it was closest to English &lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;, for example, as in &lt;code&gt;десять&lt;/code&gt; but this doesn't always hold.  It seems that at the end of a word it can be either &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;ya&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;code&gt;бояться&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;сегодня&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the beginning of a word: &lt;code&gt;являться&lt;/code&gt; is it &lt;em&gt;yi&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;ya&lt;/em&gt;? There is clearly a disagreement between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.forvo.com/search/%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F/&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="55" LastActivityDate="2012-06-20T10:29:26.057" Title="Pronunciation of unstressed 'я'?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="213" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="220" CreationDate="2012-06-18T00:51:54.997" Score="17" ViewCount="724" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes I find Russians will use the more familiar form of address, &lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt;, even when I have addressed them with &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt;.  I felt that in the particular circumstances it was unlikely that they meant that we were now on friendly terms.  This might happen for example with a car-park attendant or elderly neighbour.  It was explained to me that as a relatively young chap I was expected to show deference to older people in this way and that I should not switch to using &lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt; with these people.  Is this correct?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or otherwise, what are the social circumstances in which one person uses &lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt; and the other &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="55" LastActivityDate="2012-09-08T23:41:28.290" Title="Is it considered proper to use вы with older people, even when they address you with ты?" Tags="&lt;этикет&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="212" CreationDate="2012-06-18T00:53:41.690" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pronunciation of &lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt; depends on whether it is preceded a consonant or not. Generally, it is pronounced as [ja] [йа], however if it is preceeded by a consonant it softens the consonant and is pronounced as [a]. For example, in &lt;em&gt;бояться&lt;/em&gt; the first я is pronounced as [йа], because it is preceded by a vowel, but the second я is pronounced as [a] (and the syllable is pronounced like сьа), because it is preceded by a consonant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T00:53:41.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="213" CreationDate="2012-06-18T00:56:57.160" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A superior speaking to an inferior may prefer to use ты when addressed as вы. Superiority is usually defined by age and position (e.g. employer-employee, teacher-student). Not all people endorse this behavior, though, many superiors will prefer to use the same form of address as you do; usually it is implicit when the chosen form is вы and explicit when the chosen form is ты (They will say something like 'давайте будем на &quot;ты&quot;').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also use 'Давайте будем на &quot;ты&quot;' if you are the one being addressed as 'ты', though it may be considered somewhat presumptuous, so be sure you've built some rapport before using it. A more formal way of saying it would be 'Давайте вы будете обращаться ко мне на &quot;ты&quot;, а я, в свою очередь, к вам'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastEditorUserId="38" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T01:05:26.217" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T01:05:26.217" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="212" CreationDate="2012-06-18T00:57:40.327" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In standard pronunciation, unstressed &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt; is reduced to /ɪ/. See, for example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_reduction_in_Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; for a good explanation of the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, one thing that should be kept in mind is that letters &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt; mean different things after different letters:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;After consonants, they are not yotized and denote /э/, /о/, /у/, /а/ (not taking reduction into account, here); in addition, the preceding consonant is palatalized (becomes soft): &lt;em&gt;десять&lt;/em&gt; /'dʲesʲɪtʲ/.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In other cases (after vowels, soft and hard sign, and in the beginning of a word), the vowel is yotized: &lt;em&gt;ясный&lt;/em&gt; ‘clear’ /'jasnɨj/.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, it's yotized and reduced, so, based on my own (hopefully pretty standard) pronunciation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;являться /yɪ'vlʲat͡sa/&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="119" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T00:57:40.327" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="213" CreationDate="2012-06-18T01:05:14.577" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it comes down to the amount of familiarity in your relationship with the person. For instance I always ты with my parents and grandparents, though I would always use вы with my more distant relatives or say friends of my parents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you don't know the person well, I'd say erring on the side of caution and using вы is a good rule of thumb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="76" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T01:05:14.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="219" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="221" CreationDate="2012-06-18T06:41:31.833" Score="27" ViewCount="1242" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some words of Greek descent use ф as corresponding to the Greek θ, while some use т. The former I think tend to be loaned earlier. However, in &quot;Brothers Karamazov&quot; I have found Mitya using the word &quot;эфика&quot;. The footnotes stated &quot;He probably meant этика&quot;, however, the spelling &quot;эфика&quot; would be correct when transliterating θ to ф.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is it an example of a word with alternative spellings? Are there many such words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="145" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-22T11:04:03.227" LastActivityDate="2017-07-22T11:04:03.227" Title="Are there words that can be spelled with both т and ф?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="213" CreationDate="2012-06-18T06:56:03.117" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're not acquainted with an adult person (for a male person of your age that would be males in their 30's or above and females in their 20's or above), it's socially inacceptable to address them with &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt;, though acceptable to respond them with &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt; once they started first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For persons of both genders in their 50's or above, it's non polite to call them &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt; ever (even if they do).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is especially important for communication between two genders, as an attempt at shortening the social distance without a practical cause (like a work relationship) can be considered as an invitation to romance, so you should not do it unless you mean it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are few exceptions to this rule, which, nevertheless, should be used with care:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In team games of sport, like football or volleyball, you address a member of your or opposite team with &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt;, even if they are significantly older. It does not apply to calmer leisure activities like fishing or cards.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Male drivers tend to use &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt; more readily when addressing each other (asking for help or directions). A phrase like &lt;em&gt;Не подскажешь, как проехать в центр?&lt;/em&gt; is considered acceptable between two drivers of your age but sounds quite rude between two pedestrians. Some consider this practice derogatory, so it's safest to address people when driving the same as you would do when walking, but mostly it's not a sign of disrespect.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An Orthodox priest addresses a member of his parish in a church with &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt; and they respond him with a &lt;code&gt;вы&lt;/code&gt; (regardless of their age and gender). Do not be surprised when visiting churches.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Really old people could address you with &lt;code&gt;сынок&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;внучек&lt;/code&gt;, especially when asking for help (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сынок&lt;/strong&gt;, не поможешь донести сумку?&lt;/em&gt;) . It would be acceptable to address them back with &lt;code&gt;бабушка&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;дедушка&lt;/code&gt; and use singular verbs and adjectives (&lt;em&gt;Конечно, бабушка, &lt;strong&gt;давай&lt;/strong&gt; свою сумку&lt;/em&gt;). But it is not polite to address them like that first.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all examples before, &lt;code&gt;вы&lt;/code&gt; could be used instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All these examples concern addressing complete strangers. If you're acquainted with a person, more complex rules apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-20T09:31:07.197" LastActivityDate="2012-06-20T09:31:07.197" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="219" CreationDate="2012-06-18T07:16:39.807" Score="43" Body="&lt;p&gt;Words borrowed directly from Ancient Greek usually use &lt;code&gt;т&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;е/э&lt;/code&gt; for &lt;code&gt;θ&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;β&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;η&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;еология, &lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ермометр, &lt;strong&gt;б&lt;/strong&gt;и&lt;strong&gt;б&lt;/strong&gt;лио&lt;strong&gt;те&lt;/strong&gt;ка&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Works borrowed through Byzantine Greek (translated from Byzantine sources) use &lt;code&gt;ф&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ф&lt;/strong&gt;ёдор, &lt;strong&gt;Ф&lt;/strong&gt;ермопилы, А&lt;strong&gt;фи&lt;/strong&gt;ны, &lt;strong&gt;Фив&lt;/strong&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same applies to the Hebrew loanwords and transliteration of Hebrew names: biblical names would read as &lt;em&gt;Варавва (Barabbas)&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Вифлеем (Bethlehem)&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Эсфирь (Esther)&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Валаам (Balaam)&lt;/em&gt;, while names transliterated at later times use modern reading: &lt;em&gt;Бар-Кохба (Bar-Kokhba)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some words changed their spelling from Byzantine to Ancient Greek with time (&lt;em&gt;вивлиофика -&gt; библиотека&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;апофика -&gt; аптека&lt;/em&gt; etc.). The spelling of such words was not stable at the time, this is why Mitya spells it the Byzantine way while the modern spelling is the Ancient Greek way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the modern language, new words are borrowed using Ancient Greek reading and the reading of existing loanwords is stabilized, so I'm not aware of words in the modern language which are read both ways (one of the readings would be considered obsolete).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some common names of the same origin, spelt the same in other languages, are spelt differently in Russian: for instance, the name of the city of Beth Shemesh, Israel is spelt &lt;code&gt;Беф-Шемеш&lt;/code&gt; in biblical context and &lt;code&gt;Бейт-Шемеш&lt;/code&gt; in the modern context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-19T15:35:25.677" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T15:35:25.677" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="222" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="223" CreationDate="2012-06-18T09:33:03.063" Score="17" ViewCount="2224" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian doesn't have a direct equivalent to the sound of English &lt;code&gt;h&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But to some English speakers it seems odd that words taken into Russian from English which have an &lt;code&gt;h&lt;/code&gt; sound are transliterated using the letter &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt;, which sounds like English &lt;code&gt;g&lt;/code&gt; rather than &lt;code&gt;х&lt;/code&gt;, which while also not perfect, sounds a lot more like &lt;code&gt;h&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Harry Potter&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;rarr; &lt;strong&gt;Гарри Поттер&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;garri potter&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So my question is, are there also words where &lt;code&gt;х&lt;/code&gt; is in fact used to transliterate &lt;code&gt;h&lt;/code&gt;, or is &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt; always used?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="95" LastEditorUserId="95" LastEditDate="2012-08-16T12:31:17.223" LastActivityDate="2013-12-04T22:58:58.480" Title="Are there loanwords from English where &quot;h&quot; is transliterated to &quot;х&quot; rather than &quot;г&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;&lt;фонология&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="222" CreationDate="2012-06-18T09:51:25.187" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;The transliteration rules changed with time in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, &lt;em&gt;Daniel Defoe&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;Даниэль Дэфо&lt;/em&gt; (but &lt;em&gt;Daniel Craig&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;Дэниэл Крейг&lt;/em&gt;); &lt;em&gt;Thackeray&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Disney&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Halley&lt;/em&gt; are &lt;em&gt;Теккерей&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Дисней&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Галлей&lt;/em&gt; (but &lt;em&gt;P. J. Harvey&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;Полли Харви&lt;/em&gt;) and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The names with well-established rules like &lt;em&gt;Harry&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Henry&lt;/em&gt; are almost always transliterated as &lt;em&gt;Гарри&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Генри&lt;/em&gt;; less common names like &lt;em&gt;Harold&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Harris&lt;/em&gt; can be transliterared both ways (&lt;em&gt;Гарольд&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;Хэролд&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Гаррис&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Хэррис&lt;/em&gt;), modern last names (like &lt;em&gt;Harvey&lt;/em&gt; above) are almost always transliterated phonetically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;George Washington&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;Георг Вашингтон&lt;/em&gt; in older texts and &lt;em&gt;Джордж Вашингтон&lt;/em&gt; in the more recent texts (the last name kept the transliteration, though &lt;em&gt;Washington Park, FL&lt;/em&gt; would be &lt;em&gt;Уошингтон-Парк&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Harris&lt;/em&gt;, the deuteragonist in &lt;em&gt;Three Men in a Boat…&lt;/em&gt; is called &lt;em&gt;Гаррис&lt;/em&gt;, but &lt;em&gt;Joanne Harris&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;Джоан Харрис&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hudson River&lt;/em&gt; is translated as &lt;em&gt;река Гудзон&lt;/em&gt;, but &lt;em&gt;Mrs. Hudson&lt;/em&gt;, the Sherlock Holmes' landlady, is &lt;em&gt;миссис Хадсон&lt;/em&gt; (and &lt;em&gt;Sherlock Holmes&lt;/em&gt; himself is &lt;em&gt;Шерлок Холмс&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answering your question: modern transliteration rules (as defined by the classic work &lt;em&gt;Старостин, Гиляревский. Иностранные имена и названия в русском тексте&lt;/em&gt;) prescribe to transliterate English fricative &lt;code&gt;h&lt;/code&gt; as Cyrillic &lt;code&gt;х&lt;/code&gt;, unless there is an established tradition to transliterate the name otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This transliteration is a rule, not an exception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The book does not provide a complete list of traditional names, but includes &lt;em&gt;Гамильтон (Hamilton)&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Гайд-Парк (Hyde Park)&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Герберт (Herbert)&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Говард (Howard)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-07-27T11:10:33.637" LastActivityDate="2013-07-27T11:10:33.637" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="222" CreationDate="2012-06-18T09:53:02.980" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was asked a similar question by Germans, who are surprised by our transliteration of Hans and Herz as Ганс and Герц.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer it directly, yes. For example, &lt;code&gt;Helene&lt;/code&gt; is often written as &lt;code&gt;Хелен&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81&quot;&gt;Хелен Келлер&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kinopoisk.ru/level/4/people/9146/&quot;&gt;Хелен Хант&lt;/a&gt;). The Hampshire county name &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80&quot;&gt;is spelled&lt;/a&gt; either with &lt;code&gt;х&lt;/code&gt; or with &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt;. The words &lt;code&gt;high tech&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;hi-end&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;HiFi&lt;/code&gt; are never pronounced otherwise than &lt;code&gt;хай-тек&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;хай-энд&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;хай-фай&lt;/code&gt; (or &lt;code&gt;хифи&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, as far as I can tell, it depends on when a particular word came to the Russian language (as already mentioned by Quassnoi) and if there are any established rules. An interesting example is the German &lt;code&gt;Heil Hitler&lt;/code&gt; which is spelled as &lt;code&gt;Хайль Гитлер&lt;/code&gt; (so a mixture of the two styles). The reason is that the word &lt;code&gt;heil&lt;/code&gt; was not known in Russian until WWII, and therefore it's just spelled as it's heard in the twentieth century. The name &lt;code&gt;Hitler&lt;/code&gt; on the other hand follows the traditional German-Russian spelling, which dates back to the time of Lomonosov and probably stems from the dialects spoken by the first German immigrants in Russia and, at the same time, the old pronunciation of &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt; in Russian (still often mixed with &lt;code&gt;х&lt;/code&gt; by less educated people).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T10:08:41.277" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T10:08:41.277" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="225" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:06:56.957" Score="7" ViewCount="350" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question might arise from a misunderstanding from my part, but here I am to solve it once and for all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my russian courses, I remember my classmates answering &quot;ничего&quot; to questions meaning &quot;Nothing&quot; or something similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, given that this is a genitive, where the nominative is ничто, what should I answer to a question like &quot;&lt;strong&gt;что ты делаешь?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, what about a question like &quot;what's wrong?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T21:35:28.830" LastActivityDate="2013-02-04T18:45:48.983" Title="Proper use of ничто when answering" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="226" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:12:30.227" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T10:12:30.227" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T10:12:30.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="227" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:12:30.227" Score="0" Body="Questions about the spelling of words. The spelling is the process of writing or naming the letters of a word." OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T13:17:28.743" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T13:17:28.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="228" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:13:04.733" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T10:13:04.733" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T10:13:04.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="229" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:13:04.733" Score="0" Body="Questions about adjectives, their short and full forms, derivation, spelling, meaning and usage." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T12:19:19.550" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T12:19:19.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="230" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:13:52.487" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Covers questions about different cases. Case is a morphological category of nouns and adjectives that signals their relation to other words in a sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, words &quot;одна машина&quot; in &quot;Одна машина остановилась перед другой машиной&quot; are in nominative case and signal that &quot;одна машина&quot; is the subject of &quot;остановилась&quot;; &quot;другой машиной&quot; is in instrumental case and signals that this word is in certain relation to preposition &quot;перед&quot;. Both &quot;машина&quot; and &quot;машиной&quot; are forms of the same word (same entry in a dictionary).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="31" LastEditDate="2013-05-21T04:42:56.743" LastActivityDate="2013-05-21T04:42:56.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="231" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:13:52.487" Score="0" Body="Covers questions about different cases. Case is a morphological category of nouns and adjectives that signals their relation to other words in a sentence. " OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="31" LastEditDate="2013-05-21T04:42:56.743" LastActivityDate="2013-05-21T04:42:56.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="232" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:14:48.460" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T10:14:48.460" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T10:14:48.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="233" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:14:48.460" Score="0" Body="Covers questions about numerals. Numerals are a class of words (a part of speech) that denote quantity or number like &quot;три&quot; or &quot;трое&quot;. Words that denote order (&quot;первый&quot;, &quot;второй&quot;, &quot;третий&quot; и т.д.) behave like adjectives, and words like &quot;миллион&quot; behave like nouns; questions about them should be tagged accordingly." OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-24T13:48:32.410" LastActivityDate="2012-07-24T13:48:32.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="234" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:16:05.497" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It derives from Greek &lt;strong&gt;orthographia&lt;/strong&gt;, from &lt;strong&gt;orthos&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;‘correct’&lt;/em&gt; + &lt;strong&gt;-graphia&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;‘writing’&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T13:17:13.253" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T13:17:13.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="235" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:16:05.497" Score="0" Body="The correct way of spelling a word according to the standard in a given language." OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T13:17:18.480" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T13:17:18.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="236" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:17:13.293" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T10:17:13.293" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T10:17:13.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="237" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:17:13.293" Score="0" Body="Words that have been borrowed from other languages and that have entered the everyday use." OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T13:16:27.000" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T13:16:27.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="238" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:18:56.240" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If your question covers more than just Russian, you could ask the question on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions&quot;&gt;Linguistics SE&lt;/a&gt; site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T13:16:57.997" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T13:16:57.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="239" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:18:56.240" Score="0" Body="The study of the structure and formation of words and their component parts, &quot;morphemes&quot;." OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T13:16:52.537" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T13:16:52.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="240" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:19:43.010" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If your question covers more than just Russian, you could ask the question on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions&quot;&gt;Linguistics SE&lt;/a&gt; site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T13:18:00.147" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T13:18:00.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="241" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:19:43.010" Score="0" Body="The study of the production and perception of sounds or &quot;phones&quot;." OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T13:17:56.980" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T13:17:56.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="242" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:20:13.057" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If your question covers more than just Russian, you could ask the question on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions&quot;&gt;Linguistics SE&lt;/a&gt; site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T13:17:53.410" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T13:17:53.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="243" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:20:13.057" Score="0" Body="The study of the abstract aspect of the sounds or *phonemes* in a given language" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T13:17:50.773" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T13:17:50.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="244" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:20:32.963" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T10:20:32.963" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T10:20:32.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="245" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:20:32.963" Score="0" Body="The second grammatical case in Russian. " OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T13:18:06.607" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T13:18:06.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="246" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:21:09.123" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T10:21:09.123" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T10:21:09.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="247" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:21:09.123" Score="0" Body="Questions about parts of speech that may introduce verb complements and adverbial modifiers, for example, &quot;на&quot; in &quot;я полагаюсь на тебя&quot;, or &quot;в&quot; in &quot;я гуляю в лесу&quot;." OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T15:36:38.127" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T15:36:38.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="248" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:22:22.400" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most of the pronunciation rules and their peculiarities are available at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiktionary.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="9603" LastEditDate="2018-01-12T14:32:45.277" LastActivityDate="2018-01-12T14:32:45.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="249" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:22:22.400" Score="0" Body="Questions about the pronunciation of words, as they are uttered by both native and non-native speakers." OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-09T20:55:57.583" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T20:55:57.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="225" CreationDate="2012-06-18T10:55:23.350" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, given that this is a genitive, where the nominative is ничто, what should I answer to a question like &amp;quot;что ты делаешь?&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally you would put an object into accusative rather than nominative in this sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Что ты делаешь? &lt;strong&gt;Свою работу&lt;/strong&gt; / What are you doing? My job.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ничто is a negative inanimate pronoun, which, according to the Russian grammar rules, requires a double negative (&lt;em&gt;Я ничего &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; делаю / I'm doing nothing&lt;/em&gt;). A negative verb accepts an object in genitive (as well as accusative) where a positive verb would only accept an object in accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кого&lt;/strong&gt; он тебе дал? &lt;strong&gt;Одну собаку&lt;/strong&gt;. А &lt;strong&gt;кого&lt;/strong&gt; он дал тебе? &lt;strong&gt;Не&lt;/strong&gt; дал &lt;strong&gt;ни одной собаки&lt;/strong&gt;. (= не дал ни собаки, = не дал собаки, = не дал собаку)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Что&lt;/strong&gt; он тебе дал? &lt;strong&gt;Один рубль&lt;/strong&gt;. А &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; он дал тебе? &lt;strong&gt;Не&lt;/strong&gt; дал &lt;strong&gt;ни одного рубля&lt;/strong&gt; (= не дал ни рубля, = не дал рубля, = не дал рубль)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter forms (&lt;em&gt;не дал рубль / не дал рубля&lt;/em&gt;) have a slight thematic/rhematic nuance: &lt;em&gt;it's rouble he haven't given me / he haven't given me a rouble&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, what about a question like &amp;quot;what's wrong?&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pronouns in genitive can also be what Rosenthal calls &lt;em&gt;грамматические эквиваленты именительного падежа подлежащего&lt;/em&gt; (grammatical equivalents of subjects' nominative):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ничего&lt;/strong&gt; мне не идёт. There's nothing that fits me.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пусть &lt;strong&gt;его&lt;/strong&gt; идёт. Let him go.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The former sentence is literary, the latter is quite vernacular (though can be regarded an idiom).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter may sound quite peculiar, but it's heavily used both in the literature an in common speech:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ну, уж это &lt;strong&gt;пусть его&lt;/strong&gt; радуется как ему нравится: нам его жалеть нечего&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Н. С. Лесков. Томленье духа (1890)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пусть его&lt;/strong&gt; купается в лучах славы.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Татьяна Устинова. Большое зло и мелкие пакости (2003)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ничто&lt;/em&gt; would be properly used in the following cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To describe a philosophical category of nothing (where English word &lt;em&gt;nullness&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;voidness&lt;/em&gt; would be used). Usually not declined: &lt;em&gt;Киркегор &amp;quot;открыл в себе и в других безотчётный… страх… страх перед &lt;strong&gt;Ничто&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To oppose nominative and genitive in the same sentence: &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ничто&lt;/strong&gt; не возникает из ничего&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ничего не возникает из ничего&lt;/em&gt; is also grammatical though quite unclear).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In more formal speech, when using proper nominative instead of genitive acting as nominative: &lt;em&gt;Что такое армия без крепкого тыла? &lt;strong&gt;Ничто&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ничего&lt;/em&gt; would make the sentence more colloquial, though perfectly grammatical too)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In idioms: &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ничто&lt;/strong&gt; не вечно под луной&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All examples are from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruscorpora.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Corpus&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T14:28:59.193" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="251" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="252" CreationDate="2012-06-18T12:22:46.517" Score="5" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;The names of simple notes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;до, ре, ми, фа, соль, ля, си&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;are not declinable (несклоняемые). The names of the modifiers &lt;em&gt;диез&lt;/em&gt; (sharp), &lt;em&gt;бемоль&lt;/em&gt;,  (flat), &lt;em&gt;бекар&lt;/em&gt; (natural), etc. are declinable&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;знак диез&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;, три бемол&lt;b&gt;я&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about composite note names, such as &lt;em&gt;до-диез&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;си-бекар&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ля-бемоль&lt;/em&gt;? Which of the following sentences is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Произведение заканчивается на до-диезе, оставляя ощущение некой недосказанности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Произведение заканчивается на до-диез, оставляя ощущение некой недосказанности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a bonus, is there a general pattern for declinability of composite nouns where one part is not declinable, but the other is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T21:32:33.093" Title="Are composite note names(such as до-диез) declinable?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="252" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="251" CreationDate="2012-06-18T12:45:17.617" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both are correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The constituents, if any, may agree both with the name of the note (which is usually considered neuter) and with the name of the modifier (which is masculine).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И только си-бемоль &lt;strong&gt;сверкало&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;/neuter/&lt;/em&gt; черно-зеленой амальгамой, а чаще зияло отсутствием: отсутствием движения, воздуха, самой жизни.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда в дуэте с Маргаритой певец осторожно подбирался к &lt;strong&gt;верхнему&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;/masculine/&lt;/em&gt; ре-бемолю, то на его лице был написан такой ужас, что партер ни (&lt;em&gt;sic!&lt;/em&gt;) на шутку испугался.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Declinability is defined by the part in the composite word with which the other constituents agree. Both parts decline if share gender and number; the non-agreeing part does not decline if not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты поедешь на синей Ладе-Калине, красной Ладе-Спутник или белой Ладе-Жигули?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты поедешь на синей Калине, красном Спутникe или белых Жигулях?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лада is the agreeing word (singular feminine), so Калина (also singular feminine) declines with it, Спутник и Жигули (singular masculine and plural) do not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-18T20:25:46.130" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T20:25:46.130" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="251" CreationDate="2012-06-18T12:49:49.623" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The second sentence is right. &#xA;Unfortunately, I can't find the rule, but.. as I noticed, we can say just &quot;до-диез&quot; as an answer for question 'what'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, 'what is written there?' - 'до-диез'. 'what is in the end of the composition?' - 'до-диез'. But we decline it in sentences like 'there is no....' - &quot;Здесь нет до-диеза&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think, 'диезЕ, бемолЕ' is like an informal speech which sometimes can be refered as a mistake. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="146" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T12:49:49.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-18T13:39:27.947" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Proto-Slavic, third-person pronouns were used as grammatical articles to form pronominal adjectives:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;великъ домъ (a large house) / великъ-jь домъ (this house is large)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;глубока рѣка (a deep river) / глубока-ja рѣка (this river is deep)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;jь&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;ja&lt;/em&gt; here are extinct third-person pronouns meaning a local person participating in the conversation (as opposed to a remote person designated with &lt;em&gt;он, она&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their traces remain in the language in oblique cases (&lt;em&gt;его&lt;/em&gt; but not &lt;em&gt;оного&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ему&lt;/em&gt; but not &lt;em&gt;оному&lt;/em&gt; etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-01-18T09:59:47.097" LastActivityDate="2013-01-18T09:59:47.097" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="256" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="262" CreationDate="2012-06-18T18:13:20.940" Score="24" ViewCount="2200" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pairs кто-нибудь and кто-либо, когда-нибудь and когда-либо etc. have slight differences in meaning, and each particle is used in specific settings, but I can't quite pinpoint what the difference is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can it be explained or described?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="113" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T22:30:52.327" LastActivityDate="2017-06-09T16:26:24.190" Title="What's the difference between -либо and -нибудь?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="257" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="259" CreationDate="2012-06-18T18:13:38.273" Score="6" ViewCount="1941" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my Russian course we have learnt that in negative sentences the object&#xA;is often in the genitive. On the other hand there are situations in which&#xA;it is correct to use an accusative, and there is also a difference in meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some examples (the first is from my textbook):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не люблю я зтой химии = I do not like (this) Chemistry (said by a student).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не хочу воды / хлеба = I do not want (any) water / bread.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не хочу воду = I do not want the water (this concrete water in the bottle on the table).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as far as I understand, you often use the genitive to express the object&#xA;of a negative sentence, and I have a vague intuition that the accusative has a more specific, concrete meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, when speaking, I am always in doubt whether I should use the genitive&#xA;or accusative and whether this will change the meaning of my sentence. Is there&#xA;some general rule? What different meanings are expresses with the genitive&#xA;resp. accusative?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="126" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T21:12:28.703" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T21:12:28.703" Title="When to use the genitive or the accusative in negative sentences" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="257" CreationDate="2012-06-18T19:29:59.987" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a verb accepts an object in genitive or second genitive (partitive) in its positive form, putting the object into accusative makes it a comment while putting it into genitive or partitive makes it a topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Хочу чай / не хочу чай&lt;/em&gt;: it's tea I want (don't want)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Хочу чаю (чая) / не хочу чаю (чая)&lt;/em&gt;: I want (don't want) some tea&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it does not (you can't say &lt;em&gt;люблю химии&lt;/em&gt;), the difference in negative is pure stylistic: you can put the object into accusative or genitive as you like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я не понимаю химии (химию)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я не знаю химии (химию)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я не выучил химии (химию)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T19:29:59.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="57" CreationDate="2012-06-18T19:30:43.680" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe, this could be called &quot;рукописное&quot;, but I've not seen such typeface was used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW&#xA;Correct name for typographic characteristic like &quot;X written by means of italic&quot; would be &quot;курсивное начертание&quot; or  &quot;Икс в курсивном начертании&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most people are not professionals in typography, though and use simpler form like &quot;икс курсивом&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="148" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T19:30:43.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19" CreationDate="2012-06-18T19:48:41.020" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a big problem ;-) and there's whole site dedicated to that question:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tsya.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://tsya.ru/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="148" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T19:48:41.020" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="256" CreationDate="2012-06-18T19:53:48.263" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Words with &quot;-нибудь&quot; might have a secondary connotation: &quot;of any quality, no matter how bad&quot;, which words with &quot;-либо&quot; would lack:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Артист без критика как-нибудь проживёт, а критик без артиста? [&lt;em&gt;Сати Спивакова. Не всё (2002)&lt;/em&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В старой отцовской, с двумя смежными, разместимся как-нибудь. [&lt;em&gt;Людмила Улицкая. Казус Кукоцкого (2000)&lt;/em&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как-нибудь&lt;/em&gt; (but not &lt;em&gt;как-либо&lt;/em&gt;) could also mean &lt;em&gt;some time (in the future)&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;― Ты знаешь, это очень длинная история, я тебе её как-нибудь потом расскажу. [&lt;em&gt;С улыбкой // «Даша», 2004&lt;/em&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Где-нибудь&lt;/em&gt; (but not &lt;em&gt;где-либо&lt;/em&gt;) could also mean &lt;em&gt;approximately&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Полагаю, что Россия победит с минимальным преимуществом, где-нибудь 2:1, в крайнем случае ― 3:2. [&lt;em&gt;Дмитрий Навоша. Горячая точка. Перед матчем с Грузией наша сборная поселилась в американском посольстве (2002) // «Известия», 2002.10.11&lt;/em&gt;] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-06-18T19:53:48.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="263" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="264" CreationDate="2012-06-18T20:56:59.597" Score="5" ViewCount="774" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a Russian student, I've learnt that Russian verbs, like in other languages, &quot;govern&quot; certain cases. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &lt;strong&gt;Читать —&gt; что?&lt;/strong&gt; (Accusative or Винительный падеж).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a little search, I found the verb &lt;strong&gt;управлять&lt;/strong&gt;, and the noun would be &lt;strong&gt;управление&lt;/strong&gt;. Would this be the correct term to refer to this part of speech? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, how would I go asking this in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What's the &lt;em&gt;&quot;управление&quot;&lt;/em&gt; for this verb?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-19T07:34:47.683" LastActivityDate="2018-01-07T21:36:29.980" Title="How is the &quot;verb government&quot; called in Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="263" CreationDate="2012-06-18T21:01:32.407" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &lt;em&gt;управление&lt;/em&gt; is the correct term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question would translate as &lt;em&gt;Каково управление этого глагола?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-01-07T21:36:29.980" LastActivityDate="2018-01-07T21:36:29.980" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="266" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="267" CreationDate="2012-06-19T07:16:10.263" Score="20" ViewCount="782" Body="&lt;p&gt;When reading Dostoyevski's books I often find characters that use a manner of speech that adds &quot;-с&quot; and the end of the words. What does it mean? Is it used to convey some emotion or is it characteristic of some social class dialect?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="145" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2012-06-19T09:55:23.153" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T15:09:07.457" Title="What does &quot;-с&quot; suffix mean?" Tags="&lt;суффиксы&gt;&lt;дореформенная-орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="266" CreationDate="2012-06-19T07:18:53.950" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a such called &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;словоерс&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, from &lt;em&gt;слово&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ер&lt;/em&gt; (names of the constituting letters &lt;code&gt;с&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ъ&lt;/code&gt;) — a contraction of &lt;em&gt;сударь&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Used to express self-effacement, servility or respect (as when adding &lt;em&gt;sir&lt;/em&gt; to each sentence in English).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently it may be used in jocular manner to imitate old speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Неожиданный словоерс пронзил Наташину память с детства знакомой ― угодливой и втайне презирающей ― интонацией: галантерейного приказчика, официанта, гостиничного лакея… &lt;em&gt;[Сергей Бабаян. Господа офицеры (1994)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Скорее бы надо сказать: штабс-капитан Словоерсов, а не Снегирев, ибо лишь со второй половины жизни стал говорить словоерсами. Словоерс приобретается в унижении. &lt;em&gt;[Ф. М. Достоевский. Братья Карамазовы (1880)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T07:23:54.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="181" CreationDate="2012-06-19T08:09:15.410" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some rules and some &quot;less strict&quot; rules, where you have exceptions and they represent a tendency, rather than a rule. So we have patterns, but they have exceptions, of course. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In any case there aren't hard rules so that &quot;you're always sure&quot;. You'll slowly come to know what's the right stress after you start acquiring some Russian vocabulary but this will come from experience rather than learning rules... But I'll try to give you some advice:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;: when you see this in a Russian word, the stress is &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; on it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;реб&lt;b&gt;ё&lt;/b&gt;нок, е&lt;b&gt;ё&lt;/b&gt;, акт&lt;b&gt;ё&lt;/b&gt;р, Ф&lt;b&gt;ё&lt;/b&gt;дор, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For this rule, you can be sure this is 99% true, the only exceptions are borrowed or compound words where it could change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-ий/-ый&lt;/strong&gt;: These endings are almost never stressed (unlike -ой in большой for example):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вел&lt;b&gt;и&lt;/b&gt;кий, серд&lt;b&gt;и&lt;/b&gt;тый, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-ческий&lt;/strong&gt;: Usually the stress doesn't fall on this &quot;part&quot;, but on the syllable before it (again, there are exceptions).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;социалист&lt;b&gt;и&lt;/b&gt;ческий, мелод&lt;b&gt;и&lt;/b&gt;ческий, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;First person singular&lt;/strong&gt;, not in the first conjugation, such as Читать, but in the other conjugation, it tends to be on the last syllable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;смотреть - смотр&lt;b&gt;ю&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;звонить - звон&lt;b&gt;ю&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;хотеть - хоч&lt;b&gt;у&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;любить - любл&lt;b&gt;ю&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;but not...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;читать - чит&lt;b&gt;а&lt;/b&gt;ю&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;делать - д&lt;b&gt;е&lt;/b&gt;лаю&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;спрашивать - спр&lt;b&gt;а&lt;/b&gt;шиваю&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;and so on...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-ие&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;-ия&lt;/strong&gt;: Words ending like this, generally have the stress not on this syllable but on the previous one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;упражн&lt;b&gt;е&lt;/b&gt;ние, приглаш&lt;b&gt;е&lt;/b&gt;ние, образов&lt;b&gt;а&lt;/b&gt;ние, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some exceptions could be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;тр&lt;b&gt;е&lt;/b&gt;бование -&gt; тр&lt;b&gt;е&lt;/b&gt;бовать&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  разгл&lt;b&gt;я&lt;/b&gt;дывание -&gt; разгл&lt;b&gt;я&lt;/b&gt;дывать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Words which end in -ия:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;эн&lt;b&gt;е&lt;/b&gt;ргия, фант&lt;b&gt;а&lt;/b&gt;зия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-ство / -ость&lt;/strong&gt;: These endings are not usually stressed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ч&lt;b&gt;у&lt;/b&gt;вство, гражд&lt;b&gt;а&lt;/b&gt;нство, &lt;b&gt;я&lt;/b&gt;ркость, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are always exceptions in this case, too.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-27T10:46:03.147" LastActivityDate="2012-06-27T10:46:03.147" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="269" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-19T08:13:07.447" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-06-19T08:13:07.447" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T08:13:07.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="270" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-19T08:13:07.447" Score="0" Body="Questions about terminology specific to Russian grammar and linguistics." OwnerUserId="95" LastEditorUserId="95" LastEditDate="2012-06-19T12:14:25.350" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T12:14:25.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="266" CreationDate="2012-06-19T09:54:38.990" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;A little of history in addition to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/267/47&quot;&gt;answer by Quassnoi&lt;/a&gt;. Indeed the ending &lt;em&gt;-с&lt;/em&gt; is the severely reduced &lt;em&gt;сударь&lt;/em&gt; ('sir'), which is in turn sometimes &lt;a href=&quot;http://coollingua.blogspot.de/2010/05/blog-post_20.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;considered&lt;/a&gt; to be a contraction from &lt;em&gt;государь&lt;/em&gt; (somewhat similar to 'my lord' in English). Being a trailing consonant in words, it was spelled as &lt;em&gt;-съ&lt;/em&gt; in old Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the church-Slavonic language, each letter had its own name. For example, the first two letters of the alphabet, &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;б&lt;/em&gt; were called &lt;em&gt;аз&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;буки&lt;/em&gt; and gave the name to Russian alphabet—&lt;em&gt;азбука&lt;/em&gt;. Similarly, letters &lt;em&gt;cъ&lt;/em&gt; were called &lt;em&gt;слово&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ер&lt;/em&gt;, therefore this ending got the popular name &lt;em&gt;словоерс&lt;/em&gt; [slɑvəˈjers].  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The spelling reform of 1917 (which is often connected to the socialistic revolution but was actually prepared by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksey_Shakhmatov&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Shakhmatov&lt;/a&gt; much earlier) has removed the trailing &lt;em&gt;ъ&lt;/em&gt;, and therefore in the modern typography old texts are printed with just &lt;em&gt;-с&lt;/em&gt; at the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This ending was supposed to emphasize respect to the addressee. The revolution of 1917 &quot;made everyone equal&quot;, and the use of this ending was therefore discouraged. However many older people, especially from the higher society level (professors, doctors), continued using it—as a sort of a quiet protest against the changes, which made them equal to common people. This can be seen in many Soviet films.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T09:54:38.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="272" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="719" CreationDate="2012-06-19T10:16:07.870" Score="9" ViewCount="1485" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, for English, German, French there are state organizations promoting these languages abroad. Does Russia have anything similar?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T08:03:28.060" Title="Is there a Russian analogue of British Council or Goethe-Institut?" Tags="&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="273" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="282" CreationDate="2012-06-19T10:22:12.870" Score="19" ViewCount="956" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Soviet time, the speech of news-readers on radio and TV was considered a standard of the proper Russian language. The spelling in the newpapers was the standard of written language. To support editors and proof-readers, special dictionaries were published, which covered the meaning, use, and spelling of words. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, in the end of the Soviet time many mass media got rid of the proof-reading staff, and modern radio and TV in Russia exhibit anything but the proper language. Is there still a recognised &quot;carrier&quot; of good language in Russia?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-07-03T07:40:35.023" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T19:20:10.083" Title="Does “official Russian” language exist?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="181" CreationDate="2012-06-19T11:43:44.603" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian language exhibits paradigmatic accentuation: there is a number of accent paradigms, or models, which are defined by some aspects of the word origin, and are closely linked to the word formation paradigms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These paradigms are described in Zaliznyak's works, most notably in &lt;em&gt;От праславянской акцентуации к русской&lt;/em&gt;. It's about 400 pages of dense text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most basically, there are three accentual paradigms in Russian: baritonized (accent always on root), oxytonized (accent never on root), and mobile (accent anywhere). I could expand these further but would end up pasting the whole work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Concerning &lt;em&gt;творо&amp;#x301;г / тво&amp;#x301;рог&lt;/em&gt;: there is a tendency in modern Russian to move the accent towards the beginning in mobile words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For some words it has long since been a norm: &lt;em&gt;во&amp;#x301;здух&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;же&amp;#x301;мчуг&lt;/em&gt; (the old accent is preserved only in the idiom &lt;em&gt;благорастворение возду&amp;#x301;хов)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For some words it's not a norm yet but few people are aware of correct pronunciacion: &lt;em&gt;дабы&amp;#x301;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;апостро&amp;#x301;ф&lt;/em&gt; (almost everybody reads &lt;em&gt;да&amp;#x301;бы&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;апо&amp;#x301;строф&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For some words it's not a norm but more and more people are using &lt;em&gt;до&amp;#x301;говор&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;зво&amp;#x301;нит&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;вклю&amp;#x301;чит&lt;/em&gt; instead of correct forms: &lt;em&gt;догово&amp;#x301;р&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;звони&amp;#x301;т&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;включи&amp;#x301;т&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Words like &lt;em&gt;тво&amp;#x301;рог / творо&amp;#x301;г&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;и&amp;#x301;наче / ина&amp;#x301;че&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;о&amp;#x301;бух / обу&amp;#x301;х&lt;/em&gt; are in the middle of this process, and for them both forms are considered correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-19T14:48:58.093" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T14:48:58.093" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="275" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="279" CreationDate="2012-06-19T12:09:44.593" Score="13" ViewCount="3287" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard about this word&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;контрвзбзднуть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which has 9 consonants in a row. Obviously this word doesn't exist. Which &lt;em&gt;real&lt;/em&gt; word(s) has the longest consonant cluster?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-19T14:18:15.957" LastActivityDate="2014-03-30T18:45:51.320" Title="Which word in Russian has the longest consonant cluster?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;согласные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="272" CreationDate="2012-06-19T12:12:09.093" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't believe there's anything akin to British Council, French Institute or Goethe-Institut for the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, Russian embassies across the world often organize events for Russian language learners, as do Russian school abroad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T12:12:09.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="272" CreationDate="2012-06-19T12:14:42.227" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe you should take a look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianedu.ru/magazine/archive.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian Language Abroad&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Русский язык за рубежом&lt;/code&gt;) magazine. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russkiymir.ru/russkiymir/ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russkiy Mir Foundation&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Фонд &quot;Русский мир&quot;&lt;/code&gt;) is a good source, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2012-10-09T06:17:44.880" LastActivityDate="2012-10-09T06:17:44.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="278" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="275" CreationDate="2012-06-19T12:34:25.630" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;With 5 consonants in a row, I'd say: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;контрпример&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;kontrprimer&lt;/em&gt; (counterexample).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;контрпредложение&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;kontrpredlozhenie&lt;/em&gt; (counteroffer).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;контрпривод&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;kontrprivod&lt;/em&gt; (countershaft).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;контрприказ&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;kontrprikaz&lt;/em&gt; (countermand).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(taken from the dictionary)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T12:34:25.630" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="275" CreationDate="2012-06-19T12:45:04.363" Score="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's face the truth: we're all from Stack Overflow here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;$ egrep '[бвгджзклмнпрстфхцчшщ]{6,}' lopatin.txt&#xA;&#xA;адъюнктство, —а&#xA;попразднство, —а&#xA;предпразднство, —а&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T12:45:04.363" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="257" CreationDate="2012-06-19T13:04:36.520" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you say хочу X, &quot;I want X,&quot; that is accusative. I want a (designated) cup of water, piece of bread, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you say Не хочу Y, it's often genitive if the meaning is, &quot;I don't want ANY (of) Y.&quot; The &quot;of&quot; makes it genitive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T13:04:36.520" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="281" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="285" CreationDate="2012-06-19T14:15:11.097" Score="9" ViewCount="1179" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/2&quot;&gt;previous question&lt;/a&gt;, several answers mentioned different ways &lt;em&gt;здравствуйте&lt;/em&gt; can be shortened, namely &lt;em&gt;здравствуй&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;здрасте&lt;/em&gt;. Are these special cases, or is it common to shorten words like these?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Different languages tend to deal differently with optimising for speed. In Danish, we tend to abbreviate the word, skipping certain parts, but that is not strictly correct. In Spanish, they tend to carefully pronounce the words, but then they do it at dizzying speeds. Is this something like it for Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T21:09:38.910" Title="Are there rules for shortening words? Like &quot;здрасте&quot; instead of &quot;здравствуйте&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;приветствия&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="273" CreationDate="2012-06-19T14:19:15.537" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;del&gt;As far as I can tell, there hasn’t been any official body governing the Russian language since the demise of the Soviet Union. I can't find any references to it anywhere, at least :)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I stand corrected – there is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Language_Institute&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Russian Language Institute&lt;/a&gt; in Moscow. There's also a &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%92._%D0%92._%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%9D&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian version&lt;/a&gt; as well as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruslang.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;their official website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11" LastEditorUserId="11" LastEditDate="2012-06-19T14:43:59.770" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T14:43:59.770" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="281" CreationDate="2012-06-19T14:19:18.093" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;While I am not sure about &lt;strong&gt;Здрасте&lt;/strong&gt;, I can tell that &lt;strong&gt;Здравствуй&lt;/strong&gt; is simply the &quot;singular&quot; version of &lt;strong&gt;Здравствуйте&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Здравствуй - You (singular) or informal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Здравствуйте - You (plural) or formal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, as you can see, the singular/plural distinction is not the only one: Like other languages, you use another person when the language is formal, in Russian it's &lt;strong&gt;Вы&lt;/strong&gt; (you plural). In Spanish, for example, you'd use &lt;em&gt;Usted/Ustedes&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-19T15:03:15.883" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T15:03:15.883" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="83" CreationDate="2012-06-19T14:21:45.933" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;For what it's worth, Russian language has been established as one of the official languages in the state of New York in 2009. All election documents &lt;a href=&quot;http://public.leginfo.state.ny.us/LAWSSEAF.cgi?QUERYTYPE=LAWS%20&amp;amp;QUERYDATA=%24%24ELN3-506%24%24@TXELN03-506%20&amp;amp;LIST=SEA2%20&amp;amp;BROWSER=EXPLORER%20&amp;amp;TOKEN=54506818%20&amp;amp;TARGET=VIEW&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;must be translated into Russian&lt;/a&gt; and you can complete your driving license exam without knowing a single word in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="19" LastEditDate="2012-06-20T12:09:22.427" LastActivityDate="2012-06-20T12:09:22.427" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="281" CreationDate="2012-06-19T14:25:11.937" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Здравствуй&lt;/em&gt; is the 2-nd person singular form of the verb, &lt;em&gt;здравствуйте&lt;/em&gt; is the 2-nd person plural (either proper plural or honorific plural).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Здрасьте&lt;/em&gt; just reflects relaxed pronunciation of the word, like English &quot;sup&quot; instead of &quot;what's up&quot;. Like its English counterpart, it could be considered a sign of disrespect when used towards a stranger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T14:25:11.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="286" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="294" CreationDate="2012-06-19T16:20:02.703" Score="10" ViewCount="1017" Body="&lt;p&gt;The expression &lt;code&gt;С дуба рухнуть&lt;/code&gt; means: &lt;code&gt;crack up, go nuts&lt;/code&gt;. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты что, с дуба рухнул?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Have you lost it?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the etymology of this expression?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-21T23:53:05.990" LastActivityDate="2013-08-22T19:26:27.377" Title="Etymology of &quot;С дуба рухнуть&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;saying&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="287" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="288" CreationDate="2012-06-19T16:47:07.740" Score="24" ViewCount="1253" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &lt;code&gt;мир&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;свет&lt;/code&gt; to mean &lt;code&gt;world&lt;/code&gt;? When would one use one over the other, and are there any set expressions where these are not interchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T22:30:29.293" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T15:19:33.310" Title="Difference between &quot;мир&quot; and &quot;свет&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="287" CreationDate="2012-06-19T16:47:07.910" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;When used to mean &lt;code&gt;world&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;мир&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;свет&lt;/code&gt; are synonymous, though the latter can sound somewhat poetic and is more often used in literature and set expressions than in day-to-day life. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ничего &lt;code&gt;на свете&lt;/code&gt; лучше нету&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чем бродить друзьям &lt;code&gt;по белу свету&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or to quote the Russian national anthem:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Одна ты на свете&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other situations where the two cannot be substituted for each other. For instance, one can't use &lt;code&gt;свет&lt;/code&gt; when talking about &lt;code&gt;the world of ______&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«В мире животных»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В мире политики.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, both words also have other meanings which are entirely unrelated (e.g., &lt;code&gt;peace&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;light&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that &lt;code&gt;мир&lt;/code&gt; is used with the preposition &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt;, whereas свет is used with &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ни за что &lt;code&gt;на свете&lt;/code&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что &lt;code&gt;в мире&lt;/code&gt; неизменно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T16:47:07.910" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="289" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="290" CreationDate="2012-06-19T16:57:01.137" Score="14" ViewCount="725" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm learning Russian, and I see it mentioned in study material that Russian nouns have three declensions (склонения). In English-language learning material, the order of the declensions is like so:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First declension: Most masculine and neuter nouns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Second declension: Mostly feminine nouns ending in -а or -я&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Third declension: Mostly for feminine nouns ending in consonant + ь or ending in -мя&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I've seen it mentioned a few times that the order of these declensions is different for Russian schools. Is there a standard order that native speakers are usually taught?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15" LastActivityDate="2012-06-22T01:14:19.523" Title="Order of declensions (склонения)" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="289" CreationDate="2012-06-19T17:18:30.860" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian (and other postsoviet) schools the classification is given as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I склонение&lt;/strong&gt; (1st declension): masculine and feminine nouns ending in -а -я. This is what you refer to as Second Declension&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;II склонение&lt;/strong&gt; (2nd declension): most masculine nouns not ending in -a and neuter nouns ending in -о and -е. Тhis is what you refer to as First Declension &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;III склонение&lt;/strong&gt; (3rd declension): feminine nouns ending in ь (ь is always preceeded by a consonant)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Разносклоняемые существительные&lt;/strong&gt; (11 or so irregular nouns ending in -мя and путь)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Несклоняемые существительные&lt;/strong&gt; (undeclinable nouns): those that do not change, e.g. кенгуру.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is by far not an ideal classification, but it's good enough and simple enough. An example of a more sophisticated classification is &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%3a%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot;&gt;the classification by Zaliznyak&lt;/a&gt;, used in &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot;&gt;Russian Wictionary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="104" LastEditDate="2012-06-22T01:14:19.523" LastActivityDate="2012-06-22T01:14:19.523" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="291" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="286" CreationDate="2012-06-19T17:23:36.093" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ты с дуба рухнул&lt;/em&gt; = Are you crazy? (literary, &lt;em&gt;Have you fallen down from an oak tree?&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Earliest mention in the corpus in this form:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;― Зуенко, ты, что ли? Ты что, с дуба рухнул? Дергать нужно через счет 502-503-504.&lt;em&gt;[Василий Гулин. Прыгом-марш! (1997) // «Столица», 1997.07.15]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning is quite clear (falling from an oak tree does not make a person more sane), and the similar expressions exist in other languages: &quot;Did your mom drop you on your head?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the wording of this expression is originated from a popular topsy-turvy Russian folklore motive of a mosquito falling down from an oak tree and causing havoc:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Полетел комарище в лесище,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Садился комар на дубище,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Дуб под ним зашатался,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Комар весьма испугался,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Стукнуло, грянуло в лесе,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Комар &lt;strong&gt;с дуба свалился&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Упал он на коренище,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Сбил до костей плечище&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Чуковский К. От двух до пяти&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Глас народа мне вещал:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;С дуба-де комар упал.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Се по лесу звук раздался,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Холм и дол восколебался,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Океан встал из брегов.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Державин Г. Р. Похвала Комару&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-21T19:32:46.007" LastActivityDate="2012-06-21T19:32:46.007" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="289" CreationDate="2012-06-19T17:30:27.703" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shvedova in &lt;em&gt;Русская Грамматика&lt;/em&gt; calls the declension of &lt;em&gt;стол&lt;/em&gt; the first declension, the declension of &lt;em&gt;мама&lt;/em&gt; the second declension.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Zaliznyak in &lt;em&gt;Русское именное словоизменение&lt;/em&gt; does the opposite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditionally, the Russian declensions corresponded to Latin ones, so the traditional way (and I believe that's what is taught in schools) would correspond to Zaliznyak's opinion: declension &lt;code&gt;I&lt;/code&gt; is for nouns ending in &lt;code&gt;-a&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-я&lt;/code&gt;, declension &lt;code&gt;II&lt;/code&gt; is for masculine and neuter nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-20T07:30:37.267" LastActivityDate="2012-06-20T07:30:37.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="286" CreationDate="2012-06-19T17:45:12.027" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm going to leave this as an answer though no proof of this I could find.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The character of a Black Cat from &lt;a href=&quot;http://lib.ru/STRUGACKIE/ponedelx.txt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Понедельник начинается в Субботу&lt;/a&gt; could have served as a prototype for this.  Given how forgetful he was it might have been assumed that he has fallen off the (oak) tree and hit his head.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether or not it's true may be lost to posterity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="123" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T17:45:12.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="286" CreationDate="2012-06-19T18:05:49.727" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found an interesting theory &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru-ace.livejournal.com/11612.html&quot;&gt;in a blog post&lt;/a&gt;. I don't know if it's true, but then, it's an interesting theory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ДУБ, он же Мировое Дерево - характерный для мифопоэтического сознания&#xA;  образ, воплощающий универсальную концепцию мира: противопоставление&#xA;  хаоса организованному космосу. Людей издревле удивляли необъяснимые&#xA;  явления природы, в частности, такие как сезонное опадение листьев: &quot;С&#xA;  Дуба падали листья ясеня...&quot; - гласит одна из народных песен-былин.&#xA;  Великий же русский поэт А.С.Пушкин воспел ДУБ в стихотворении,&#xA;  известном каждому еще со школы: &quot;У Лукоморья Дуб зеленый&quot; - по&#xA;  которому мы можем узнать, как выглядел Российский вариант arbor mundi&#xA;  до недавнего времени. Ибо после революции этот памятник был уничтожен&#xA;  как архаизм и буржуазное излишество (о чем поется в городском романсе&#xA;  &quot;У Лукоморья Дуб спилили&quot;). Правда, некоторые ученые полагают, что это&#xA;  граф Л.Н. Толстой, в чьих владениях находился тот самый Дуб, и спилил&#xA;  его (см. ЯСНЫЙ ПЕНЬ ) в личных целях. К сожалению, это было последнее&#xA;  Мировое дерево, так как с ростом населения во всем мире извели&#xA;  священные дубовые рощи: &quot;Порубили все дубы на гробы&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;По преданиям, ДУБ имел три яруса. Быть сброшенным богами с самого&#xA;  верхнего из них, т.е. рухнуть с дуба - считалось высшей мерой&#xA;  наказания.&lt;/strong&gt; Поэтому кроме названия «древо жизни», «древо восхождения»,&#xA;  «древо познания» за ДУБОМ закрепились и другие, более редкие варианты:&#xA;  «древо смерти», «древо зла», «древо нисхождения». ДУБ всегда считался&#xA;  символом красоты, мощи и плодородия, поэтому когда хотели кому-либо&#xA;  польстить, говорили: &quot;Ну ты и Дуб!&quot; или Дубак (дубовый чувак). А про&#xA;  женщин говорили: Дубина (уменьш.-ласк.Дубинушка).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will not translate this whole thing, just the relevant part:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;According to the legend, the Oak Tree has three layers. To be thrown down by gods from the top layer (i.e. рухнуть с дуба) was considers the most severe of punishments. That's why apart from the names &quot;the tree of life&quot;, &quot;the tree of ascent&quot;, &quot;the tree of knowledge&quot;, the oak tree has also some rarer names such as &quot;the tree of death&quot;, &quot;the tree of evil&quot;, &quot;the tree of descent&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastActivityDate="2012-06-19T18:05:49.727" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="297" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="298" CreationDate="2012-06-19T20:43:10.673" Score="19" ViewCount="902" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a proper idiomatic translation of &quot;Debug&quot; into the Russian Language? I am not sure about &quot;наладка программы&quot;, which I found on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.bab.la/dictionary/english-russian/debug&quot;&gt;en.bab.la&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="122" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T21:31:09.087" LastActivityDate="2013-10-22T07:44:57.010" Title="Idiomatic translation of &quot;Debug&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;информатика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="297" CreationDate="2012-06-19T20:46:21.930" Score="34" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you mean the software context, then it's &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;отла́дка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;отла́дка програ́ммы&lt;/em&gt; (debugging of a program)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;отла́живать програ́мму&lt;/em&gt; (to debug a program)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;отла́дчик&lt;/em&gt; (debugger)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But sometimes speak on slang (Runglush):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;дебаг&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;дебажить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;дебаггер&lt;/em&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &lt;em&gt;Вчера весь вечер &lt;strong&gt;дебажил&lt;/strong&gt; программу.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-10-22T07:44:57.010" LastActivityDate="2013-10-22T07:44:57.010" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="213" CreationDate="2012-06-20T09:49:21.643" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Note that the actual word &lt;strong&gt;ты&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;вы&lt;/strong&gt; may (and usually will) be omitted in the sentence in request/demand form, but its meaning would be conveyed by the verb in the same sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Принеси книгу (version of &quot;ты&quot;)&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Принесите книгу (version of &quot;вы&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, the actual &quot;ты&quot; or &quot;вы&quot; may be present, but this would usually be in a more derogatory form, when the speaker is attempting to express his/her superiority or humiliate the addressee and most offten used with &quot;ты&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты! Иди сюда!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes people may use &quot;ты&quot; to express a level of social or emotional closeness; this is especially so when requesting help:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Браток, помоги! (as opposed to &quot;помогите&quot;)&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  (Help me, brother!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-06-20T09:49:21.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="212" CreationDate="2012-06-20T10:29:26.057" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Moscow speech (which is the base for the standard pronunciation used on TV broadcasts and such), the initial unstressed &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt; would be yotized and reduced to &lt;code&gt;ɪ&lt;/code&gt; (near-close), something between &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some dialects (mostly Northern) reduce it further to &lt;code&gt;i&lt;/code&gt; (close), like the sound denoted by &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;. This is OK in most words and would probably not be perceived at all by the majority of the audience, but could result in a hiatus in words like &lt;em&gt;яичница&lt;/em&gt; which is considered undesirable in Russian speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some dialects to the south of Moscow exhibit &lt;em&gt;yakanye&lt;/em&gt; (яканье). Those dialects would only slightly reduce the sound to a near-open &lt;code&gt;æ&lt;/code&gt; or even won't reduce it at all (leave an &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt;). This is considered dialectal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a rhyme to mock a person who uses &lt;em&gt;yakanye&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А у нас в Рязани&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Грибы с глазами&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Их едят (&lt;em&gt;ядять&lt;/em&gt;),&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  А они глядят (&lt;em&gt;глядять&lt;/em&gt;)!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When telling this rhyme, vowels should not be reduced at all, and the word &lt;code&gt;едят&lt;/code&gt; should start with a yotized &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; (as open as possible). Also, to mock the other aspects of the dialect, &lt;code&gt;Г&lt;/code&gt; should be pronounced fricative (&lt;code&gt;ɣ&lt;/code&gt; rather than &lt;code&gt;g&lt;/code&gt;), and the final consonants &lt;code&gt;т&lt;/code&gt; should be softened (palatalized).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-06-20T10:29:26.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="302" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="306" CreationDate="2012-06-20T12:00:09.787" Score="10" ViewCount="386" Body="&lt;p&gt;What &lt;code&gt;съедобный&lt;/code&gt; is to food, &lt;code&gt;__________&lt;/code&gt; is to drinks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, one can say &lt;code&gt;которую можно пить&lt;/code&gt;, and there's the word &lt;code&gt;питьевой&lt;/code&gt;, but both are not quite equivalent in meaning and usage to the aforementioned &lt;code&gt;съедобный&lt;/code&gt;. Any ideas?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T22:28:01.317" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T22:28:01.317" Title="Is there a single word to mean съедобный for drinks?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="302" CreationDate="2012-06-20T12:24:53.480" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, &lt;code&gt;cъедобный&lt;/code&gt; - is the best choise in your case. But also you can try &lt;code&gt;пьющийся&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="101" LastActivityDate="2012-06-20T12:24:53.480" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="305" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="307" CreationDate="2012-06-20T12:30:01.820" Score="7" ViewCount="347" Body="&lt;p&gt;All the other prefixes ending in &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; I can think of off the top of my head have a counterpart ending with &lt;strong&gt;з&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;бес-/без-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ис-/из-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вос-/воз-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The version with &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; is used before voiceless consonants, and the version with &lt;strong&gt;з&lt;/strong&gt; is used before vowels and voiced consonants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;бесполезный, безымянный, бездушный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;исходить, изыди, изгой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;воспевать, возобновить, возможно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the &lt;strong&gt;с-&lt;/strong&gt; prefix is used in all cases, although before voiced consonants it is often pronounced as &lt;strong&gt;/z/&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сделать, сброд, сглаживание&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a linguistic or historical reason why this prefix seems to stand as an exception?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-21T06:57:22.550" Title="Why is there no з- prefix in Russian?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="302" CreationDate="2012-06-20T12:34:19.837" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;съедобный&lt;/em&gt; has two meanings. One is that an item is edible. Another one is that it's tasty, and is used only in spoken language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With liquids, for the first meaning, the technical word is &lt;em&gt;пищевой&lt;/em&gt;, meaning 'suitable for consuming as a food'. For example &lt;em&gt;цистерны, бутылки для пищевых жидкостей&lt;/em&gt; (GOST terms). However this word is rarely used in daily life, since it's usually clear for all liquids except for water if they are drinkable or not (fuel and milk for example), so one doesn't need an additional adjective. For water, since one should clearly distinguish drinking and technical water, the word &lt;em&gt;питьевой&lt;/em&gt; (meaning literally 'drinking') is usually used. Obviously, milk for example can be spoiled and not drinkable. I think there is no single word to convey this meaning in Russian (nor actually in English).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no word for the second meaning for liquids, as far as I know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2012-06-26T07:59:26.743" LastActivityDate="2012-06-26T07:59:26.743" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="305" CreationDate="2012-06-20T14:30:38.893" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Prefixes in Slavic languages originated from the prepositions merged with the roots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The old Slavic prepositions &lt;code&gt;надъ&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;подъ&lt;/code&gt; etc. which ended with &lt;code&gt;ъ&lt;/code&gt;, were merged before the fall of the reduced vowels so the vowel was kept, and you can still see it on its historical place before the roots starting with a yotized vowel: &lt;em&gt;объятие&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the reduced vowels fell, prononciation changed to agree the articulation of now adjacent consonants, but orthography did not reflect it. The words &lt;em&gt;по&lt;strong&gt;дът&lt;/strong&gt;вердити&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;о&lt;strong&gt;тъд&lt;/strong&gt;авити&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;code&gt;ъ&lt;/code&gt; was read as a really short &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt;) became &lt;em&gt;по&lt;strong&gt;дт&lt;/strong&gt;вердить&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;о&lt;strong&gt;тд&lt;/strong&gt;авить&lt;/em&gt; etc, with impossible combinations of a voiced and voiceless consonant. The both consontants are now voiced or not according to the last one (&lt;em&gt;[поттвердить], [оддавить]&lt;/em&gt;) but written the old way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The prepositions ending in &lt;code&gt;-с&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;-з&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;раз&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;из&lt;/code&gt; etc.), however, did not end with a vowel. The orthography reflected it from the beginning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the prefix &lt;code&gt;с-&lt;/code&gt; originated from the preposition &lt;code&gt;cѫ&lt;/code&gt; which never ended in &lt;code&gt;-с&lt;/code&gt;. It ended with &lt;code&gt;ѫ&lt;/code&gt;. This nasal sound after denasalization of the yuses had changed into &lt;code&gt;y&lt;/code&gt; in nouns like &lt;code&gt;сумерки&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;сутки&lt;/code&gt; and into &lt;code&gt;ъ&lt;/code&gt; (which later fell) in verbs, and undergone the process described earlier. So this prefix does not change in writing, just as the prefixes not ending with &lt;code&gt;-c/з&lt;/code&gt; don't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The prepositions &lt;code&gt;без&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;через&lt;/code&gt; (and the Church Slavonic borrowing &lt;code&gt;чрез&lt;/code&gt;) merged much later than the others, so until the orthography reform of 1918, they were always written &lt;code&gt;без-&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;чрез-&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;через-&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-21T06:57:22.550" LastActivityDate="2012-06-21T06:57:22.550" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="308" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-20T17:08:31.507" Score="15" ViewCount="483" Body="&lt;p&gt;While using buses and marshrutkas as a means to reach point B from point A, I often hear drivers being addressed as &quot;шеф&quot; or &quot;командир&quot;, as in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Командир, возьми за проезд!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Шеф, до вокзала едешь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where does this tradition come from and is this way proper to use (i.e. would the driver be offended if I address him like that)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="87" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T22:19:06.320" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T22:19:06.320" Title="Addressing taxi/bus driver by &quot;шеф&quot;/&quot;командир&quot; - where does it come from?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;этикет&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="308" CreationDate="2012-06-20T18:28:05.920" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just &lt;a href=&quot;http://autopilot.kommersant.ru/Issues/Auto/1998/05/kabakov.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a version&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отечественная психология полагает вождение автомобиля занятием истинно&#xA;  мужским, суровым и связывает с ним легенду о дружбе, взаимной выручке&#xA;  и прочих хемингуэевско-ремарковских ценностях. Соответственно этой&#xA;  легенде и обращались люди друг к другу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Domestic psychology considers driving to be a truly masculine occupation,&#xA;  harsh, and associates it with the legend of friendship, mutual&#xA;  assistance etc... People addressed each other according to that legend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9" LastEditorUserId="9" LastEditDate="2012-06-20T19:24:04.160" LastActivityDate="2012-06-20T19:24:04.160" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="308" CreationDate="2012-06-20T19:14:49.600" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A taxi, and particularly a bus driver, is the &quot;chief&quot; or &quot;commander&quot; of a small mobile unit with a lot of &quot;horsepower.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such a driver is also responsible for the safety of several passengers. At least in New York City, this person is &quot;in charge&quot; not only of the vehicle, but everyone that is in/on it at any given time. A bus driver has the right to ask a passenger to move (to balance the vehicle) give a seat to a handicapped person, or do other things that make vehicle safer. Assaulting one carries extra penalties otherwise associated with assaulting a policemen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any Russian speaker in the city would understand why such terms are used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastActivityDate="2012-06-20T19:14:49.600" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="313" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="314" CreationDate="2012-06-21T06:49:27.250" Score="10" ViewCount="1194" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been always wondering what are the origins of this expression? I searched through the net and found few discussions on this issue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Link 1: &lt;a href=&quot;http://lingvoforum.net/index.php?topic=4111.0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://lingvoforum.net/index.php?topic=4111.0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Link 2: &lt;a href=&quot;http://otvety.google.ru/otvety/thread?tid=7d0f828b9d91a0e1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://otvety.google.ru/otvety/thread?tid=7d0f828b9d91a0e1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However it looks more like guessing and assumptions. Does anyone have any idea where does it really come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="85" LastEditorUserId="85" LastEditDate="2015-12-03T05:30:55.250" LastActivityDate="2015-12-03T05:30:55.250" Title="What is the origin of &quot;на обиженных воду возят&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;saying&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="313" CreationDate="2012-06-21T08:18:53.573" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, it's usually very hard to find a &quot;real origin&quot; for a common saying (unless it was coined by someone in writing). The common sayings constantly develop, change their meaining, get contaminated etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, another portion of speculations (just in case, I'm reciting &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/biblio/magazines/rr/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Русская Речь&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; from memory, it's not my own speculation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Возить воду&lt;/em&gt; is a common metaphor of a hard and ungrateful labor, and &lt;em&gt;на нём можно воду возить&lt;/em&gt; is told of a physically strong but meek and servile person who won't protest against such a labor. This does not correspond to any of meanings of &lt;em&gt;сердитый&lt;/em&gt;: angry, grumpy, irate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dahl mentions this as &lt;em&gt;на сердитых воду возят на упрямой лошади&lt;/em&gt;. This can be perceived two ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An angry person would be forced to drive a stubborn horse to deliver water&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The water for an angry person would be delivered on a stubborn horse. The word &lt;em&gt;сердитый&lt;/em&gt; is in accusative, not prepositive (compare to &lt;em&gt;еду за водой, на тебя привезти?&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second reading makes much more sense to me: if you are so angry, we'll use a stubborn horse to deliver your water, and waiting would cool you down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, later the second portion was lost, and the proverb changed its meaning. It became: if there is something too much in your character or behavior, you'll be forced to deliver water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Something too much&quot; may be &lt;em&gt;сердитый&lt;/em&gt; (too angry), &lt;em&gt;обиженный&lt;/em&gt; (too resentful), &lt;em&gt;добрый&lt;/em&gt; (too kind) etc., and all these variants are mentioned in the corpus. Only the last meaning makes sense and it seems to be the latest reinterpretation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a legend in St. Petersburg that angry water carriers who treated their horses bad were forced to harness themselves into the water carts and feel on their skin what do the poor animals feel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the photo of the monument to such a carrier I made near the St. Petersburg Water Museum in 2010:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Q14VY.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;picture water museum&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru/~%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%20%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F/%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%94%D0%A6%D0%95/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The actual entry in Dahl&lt;/a&gt; reads as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;На сердитыхъ воду возятъ&lt;/em&gt;, на упрямой лошади.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This I believe invalidates the second reading and the second part seems not to be a part of the saying at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dahl further provides another meaning for &lt;em&gt;сердитый&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;сердито взялся за работу&lt;/em&gt;, упорно, съ рвенiемъ (пск. твер. Опд.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Dahl's reading, I believe, is that an industriuos, hard-working horse would be used to carry water, which might be a warning against being too much of an eager beaver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-21T15:54:13.693" LastActivityDate="2012-06-21T15:54:13.693" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="316" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-21T20:42:44.887" Score="2" ViewCount="369" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any official speech contest for foreigners learning Russian, akin to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iware.ne.jp/jsa/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Japanese Speech Awards&lt;/a&gt; (JSA)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastActivityDate="2012-07-30T22:29:55.310" Title="Russian speech contest" Tags="&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="308" CreationDate="2012-06-22T00:02:26.727" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;it's short for &lt;code&gt;шофер&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;chauffeur&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2012-06-22T00:02:26.727" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="318" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="321" CreationDate="2012-06-22T14:29:49.413" Score="10" ViewCount="401" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is established translation for &quot;Application crash&quot;? I routinely use simple transliteration &lt;code&gt;Крэш&lt;/code&gt; or 'падение программы' but that does not sound correct. What is the commonly used translation for that phrase?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="53" LastEditorUserId="104" LastEditDate="2012-06-23T11:51:19.010" LastActivityDate="2013-03-14T00:18:58.717" Title="Established translation for &quot;Application crash&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;информатика&gt;&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="319" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-22T14:33:25.350" Score="5" ViewCount="1836" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there an authoritative English-Russian dictionary/reference for computer-science and programming terms? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most cases I just use transliterations of English terms while speaking. Is there a good reference for established Russian terminology in CS and programming?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="53" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-08-12T12:17:30.757" LastActivityDate="2012-08-12T12:17:30.757" Title="English to Russian Computer-science / Programming dictionary" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;resources&gt;&lt;информатика&gt;&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ClosedDate="2012-08-02T11:18:17.420" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="318" CreationDate="2012-06-22T14:45:15.213" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe you should consider &lt;code&gt;сбой приложения&lt;/code&gt; or something like &lt;code&gt;аварийное завершение&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9" LastEditorUserId="9" LastEditDate="2012-06-22T14:52:03.753" LastActivityDate="2012-06-22T14:52:03.753" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="318" CreationDate="2012-06-22T16:34:39.963" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;It highly depends on the register you're talking/writing at.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Аварийное завершение программы&lt;/em&gt; is suitable for a formal register, like a technical manual. It's too wordy to be used in colloquial speech.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Падение программы&lt;/em&gt; should be OK in the internal docs targeted at programmers, testers etc. It should probably be OK in speech, even maybe with the users (this depends on their background).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Крэш&lt;/em&gt; is very slangy. Sure enough, when speaking to the fellow programmers, this can be more than suitable. However, I'd refrain from using &lt;em&gt;крэш&lt;/em&gt; in any written docs, manuals, ticket descriptions, or whatever.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="119" LastActivityDate="2012-06-22T16:34:39.963" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="322" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="324" CreationDate="2012-06-22T20:25:20.620" Score="13" ViewCount="509" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the masculine, feminine, and neuter genders, there are words of &quot;common gender&quot; (слова общего рода) that nearly all decline like a feminine noun but are applied to both men and women. What I find striking about these words is that essentially all of them describe negative types of people, e.g., выпивоха (heavy drinker), задира (bully), скряга (stingy person), тупица (fool).  There are some words in this 4th gender that are not negative descriptions, such as коллега (colleague), but the vast majority of these words that I have seen are negative. Can any reason be given for this, or is this just some weird coincidence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: Dima has pointed out that many affectionate terms fall into this category, and of course those don't have a negative meaning. I want to say I'm not interested in words that are specifically meant to be affectionate (лапочка) or diminutive (белочка).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2012-06-23T01:21:19.310" LastActivityDate="2012-06-24T21:56:56.383" Title="Words in &quot;common gender&quot;" Tags="&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="322" CreationDate="2012-06-22T21:16:39.800" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are non-negative examples as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;заводила&lt;/code&gt; (someone who is in charge of a group/gang)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;водила&lt;/code&gt; (colloquialism from &lt;code&gt;водитель&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;умница&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, the first declension consists of masculine &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; feminine nouns ending in -а or -я. So these nouns belong there too, and that is exactly how they decline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-24T21:56:56.383" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="322" CreationDate="2012-06-22T21:49:20.513" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Vinogradov's &lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.ru/default.aspx?s=0&amp;amp;p=5310&amp;amp;0a0=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Русский язык&lt;/a&gt;, there is a whole chapter (&lt;strong&gt;§7&lt;/strong&gt;) about this phenomenon:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Яркая экспрессивная окраска, свойственная почти всем словам общего рода, подчеркивается несоответствием их строения и значения. Вся эта сложная гамма смысловых оттенков воздвигается на основе класса слов женского рода. Применение слов женского рода к мужчинам и порождает своеобразную экспрессивную окраску этих слов. В этом явлении пережиточно отражается социальное положение женщины, отношение к женскому полу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, the social position of a woman (not unique to Russian culture of course) made gramatically feminine words to be only perceived germane to semantically feminine (or gender-neutral) concepts and objects. Calling males the &quot;feminine&quot; words could not help sounding peculiar, so almost all these words have expressive connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can think of but few emotionally neutral words, some of them already mentioned by you and Dima. All of them are loanwords or evolved from emotionally colored words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;коллега&lt;/em&gt; (from Latin possibly through Polish)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;предтеча&lt;/em&gt; (from Church Slavonic)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;сирота&lt;/em&gt; (a metonymy not perceived as such anymore. Similar modern words would be emotionally colored: &lt;em&gt;Я — могила&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ты — глыба&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;тёзка&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;тезя&lt;/em&gt;, a diminutive not perceived as such anymore)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Zaliznyak in &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramoty.ru/index.php?id=dnd&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Древненовгородский диалект&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; mentions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Очень интересны экспрессивные сложные слова на  &lt;em&gt;-хота&lt;/em&gt; и  &lt;em&gt;-сова&lt;/em&gt;. В современном&#xA;  русском языке в классе существительных общего или мужского рода на  &lt;code&gt;-а&lt;/code&gt; с основой, состоящей из приставки и корня или или из двух корней, ничтожно мало слов с&#xA;  положительной или нейтральной коннотацией. Таковы в сущности лишь древнейшие слова &lt;em&gt;вельможа&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;воевода&lt;/em&gt;, сохранившиеся в основном лишь как исторические&#xA;  термины.  Практически все остальные имеют более или менее ярко выраженную&#xA;  отрицательную коннотацию  (насмешливую, пренебрежительную, уничижительную&#xA;  и т. п.), носят экспрессивный характер и свойственны в основном разговорной речи&#xA;  (ср. 5.8, конец). Из общеизвестных таковы, например: &lt;em&gt;выжига, недотрога, надоеда,&#xA;  привереда, непоседа, подлиза, растрёпа, растяпа, задира, обжора, повеса, пустомеля&lt;/em&gt;,&#xA;  ср.  также &lt;em&gt;расстрига&lt;/em&gt;.  Очень много таких слов имеется на периферии словарного&#xA;  состава языка и в говорах. Так, в словаре Даля находим, например, &lt;em&gt;заброда, завида,&#xA;  зацепа, заеда, провора, прожига, пролыга, пройда, ужима, пустовира, пустозёва, пусторёва, пустогрыза, брюзга, пустожира, дармоедa, пустохлёба, водохлёбa&lt;/em&gt; (и много&#xA;  других с &lt;em&gt;пусто-&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;гологрыза (&quot;нищий&quot;, &quot;голыш&quot;), кривоныра, пролазa, пройдоха, рукомоя&#xA;  (&quot;белоручка&quot;)&lt;/em&gt; и др.; в СРНГ — например, &lt;em&gt;заблуда, заплёва (&quot;бесстыжий&quot;), колоброда, непросыпа, ненажора&lt;/em&gt; и т. п. Уникальное свидетельство грамоты Ст. Р. 35 показывает,&#xA;  что описанная коннотация данной морфологической модели существовала уже в&#xA;  XII в.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a nutshell: almost all masculine and common-gender words ending in &lt;code&gt;-a&lt;/code&gt; have ironical or negative connotation at least since &lt;code&gt;XII&lt;/code&gt; century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The gramota &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramoty.ru/index.php?act=full&amp;amp;id=1048&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;St. R. 35&lt;/a&gt; he mentions is a letter of a citizen of Staraya Russa to his brother:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Якове брате еби лежя ебехото аесово&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Jacob, my brother, fuck lying (i. e. &lt;em&gt;do things proper way&lt;/em&gt;), you randy ball-inserter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, the apparently invented words &lt;em&gt;ебехота&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;аесова&lt;/em&gt; (literally, &quot;willing to fuck&quot; and &quot;ball-inserter&quot;) are both of first declension.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-23T16:36:16.810" LastActivityDate="2012-06-23T16:36:16.810" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="319" CreationDate="2012-06-23T09:58:59.050" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://computer_security_en_ru.academic.ru/&quot;&gt;Англо-русский словарь по компьютерной безопасности&lt;/a&gt; might fit your bill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastActivityDate="2012-06-23T09:58:59.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="326" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-23T12:06:53.300" Score="3" ViewCount="2295" Body="&lt;p&gt;When learning a new word I like to see typical usage examples.  The sort of thing you find in a good dictionary.  However, even my big old Oxford Russian dictionary had nothing for &lt;em&gt;вовлечь&lt;/em&gt;, for example, and in any case I can't carry that around with me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have tried searching ruscorpora.ru but it's hard to find examples that are simple enough for me to understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="55" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-08-12T12:17:22.007" LastActivityDate="2012-08-12T12:17:22.007" Title="Where can I find simple usage examples?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;обучение&gt;&lt;resources&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2012-07-29T15:41:02.700" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-09-15T11:34:31.857" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="326" CreationDate="2012-06-23T12:23:43.510" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try searching at &lt;a href=&quot;http://tatoeba.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://tatoeba.org/&lt;/a&gt; - the examples are crowdsourced so you might come upon some inconsistencies every once in a while but it is still a formidable resource.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastActivityDate="2012-06-23T12:23:43.510" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-09-15T11:34:31.857" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="326" CreationDate="2012-06-23T12:23:58.840" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Did you try &lt;a href=&quot;http://lingvopro.abbyyonline.com/en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ABBYY Lingvo.Pro&lt;/a&gt;? They can show &lt;a href=&quot;http://lingvopro.abbyyonline.com/en/Examples/en-ru/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;examples&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://lingvopro.abbyyonline.com/en/Phrases/ru-en/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;phrases&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9" LastEditorUserId="9" LastEditDate="2012-06-23T12:29:45.683" LastActivityDate="2012-06-23T12:29:45.683" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-09-15T11:34:31.857" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="326" CreationDate="2012-06-23T14:09:34.107" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, try to go to Google or Yandex (yandex.ru is the biggest search engine in Russia).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the site &lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Master Russian&lt;/a&gt; has realistic example sentences for common Russian words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="108" LastEditorUserId="108" LastEditDate="2012-06-25T08:53:42.127" LastActivityDate="2012-06-25T08:53:42.127" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-09-15T11:34:31.857" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="332" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3041" CreationDate="2012-06-23T14:26:49.587" Score="19" ViewCount="4286" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like to be able to take any piece of Russian text and have the stress marks automatically added.  I think this would be a useful tool for learners but I can't find a site that does this.  Is there one out there?  If there isn't I'd even consider creating one and would welcome any ideas about how it could be implemented.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="55" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:51:16.740" LastActivityDate="2020-04-06T13:26:03.717" Title="Automatic stress marking of Russian text" Tags="&lt;resources&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="9" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-11-23T11:19:58.690" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="332" CreationDate="2012-06-23T15:39:13.210" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not an online application, still:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bzsoft.spb.ru/russacc.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;RussAcc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Программа RussAcc предназначена для озвучивания текстов, создания аудиокниг (в формате wav, mp3, amr, aac + плейлист m3u), расстановки ударений (Nicolai, Alyona, Loquendo) в русских текстах (отсюда и ее название - сокращенное Russian Accents), удобного чтения книг с экрана. Можно использовать RussAcc как редактор текста, конвертор FB2 в TXT. Заяц русак, как известно, способен быстро ударять по барабану, RussAcc же очень быстро расставляет ударения в текстах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just in case: I'm not affilicated with them, but used the tool some time ago, seems to be quite nice (except for the edge cases).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-06-23T15:39:13.210" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-11-23T11:19:58.690" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="332" CreationDate="2012-06-23T17:53:09.013" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.grammatica.eu/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.grammatica.eu/&lt;/a&gt; is probably the best software of this sort, and the upcoming second vesion should make it even better. It's quite expensive, but I can highly recommend it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastActivityDate="2012-06-23T17:53:09.013" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-11-23T11:19:58.690" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="335" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="337" CreationDate="2012-06-23T17:54:00.527" Score="15" ViewCount="695" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is Евклид spelled with &lt;code&gt;Е&lt;/code&gt; in Russian? All the other words and names with Greek origin starting with &lt;code&gt;E&lt;/code&gt; that I can think of are spelled with &lt;code&gt;Э&lt;/code&gt; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эратосфен, эвтаназия, эвристика&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is Евклид indeed an exception? Or maybe I've just missed a lot of similar words or names?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If it is an exception, is there a historical reason behind it?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Do Russians always pronounce &lt;em&gt;Евклид&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;евклидов(-ый)&lt;/em&gt;, etc. with the initial vowel iotated? (Many Armenians with excellent conduct of Russian tend to pronounce these words with non-iotated initial vowel, perhaps because the Armenian version of the name is Էվկլիդես  /эвклидес/, which is closer to the Greek original)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="104" LastEditDate="2012-06-25T15:39:09.557" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T12:27:40.123" Title="Почему Евклид, а не Эвклид?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="335" CreationDate="2012-06-23T18:45:43.207" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You missed other Greek mathematicians: Eudoxus = Евдокс and Eutocius = Евтокий.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;See 1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The name Евклид and its adjectival forms are pronounced exactly as they are written.  In my experience I have seen the adjectival form more often as a short form adjective: евклидова область (Euclidean domain), евклидово пространство (Euclidean space).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just for comparison, in English the mathematician names Euclid and Euler don't have the same pronunciation, as the &quot;Eu&quot; in the original Greek and German aren't pronounced the same way. Thus in Russian, Euler = Эйлер. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2012-06-23T18:45:43.207" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="335" CreationDate="2012-06-24T01:46:21.783" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;Historical Cyrillic had no letter directly corresponding to the modern &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt;. There were three letters instead: &lt;code&gt;ѥ&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;є&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian recension or Church Slavonic did not use &lt;code&gt;ѥ&lt;/code&gt; and had no phonetic distinction between &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;є&lt;/code&gt;, they were only used to resolve homonymous singular and plural of some words: &lt;em&gt;Iудєи изъ Iудеи&lt;/em&gt; (Jews from Judea), &lt;em&gt;иду съ отцєм моимъ къ отцемъ егѡ&lt;/em&gt; (I go with my father to his fathers) etc. &lt;code&gt;Є&lt;/code&gt; was also written in the beginning of words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian does not contrast open and closed &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt;. In words &lt;em&gt;сэр&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;секс&lt;/em&gt; the same sound is written using different letters, in words &lt;em&gt;тело&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;отель&lt;/em&gt; the different sounds are written using the same letter and there is no consensus on how to read the words like &lt;em&gt;шинель&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;термин&lt;/em&gt;. There was no open &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt; in the native Russian words at all, the sound was always yotized in the beginning of the words and after the vowels. There was a deictic particle &lt;em&gt;э&lt;/em&gt; (similar to modern &lt;em&gt;вон&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;вон тот&lt;/em&gt;) which survived in words &lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;эка&lt;/em&gt;, which in some dialects, including late Moscow, pronounced as a closed (not open) &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt;, and that's all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since there was no sound to contrast, there was no letter to denote it, so Hebrew and Greek loanwords starting with &lt;code&gt;ε&lt;/code&gt; were written using &lt;code&gt;є&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;em&gt;елей&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Елеон&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Европа&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Ева&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Есфирь&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Ездра&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, with development of Russian culture and science, more loanwords were introduced, and some of them, being borrowed from other languages than Byzantine Greek, required a non-yotized initial &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt; and an open &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt; after hard consonants (which was impossible in native Russian words). Russian speech did not accept open &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt; after hard consonants until very recently (and does not accept it at all in some dialects even now), however, the initial non-yotized closed &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt; was accepted right away, and a need for a letter to distinguish it from the yotized version arose. A letter for this sound, &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt; in its modern form, was first introduced in &lt;code&gt;XIV&lt;/code&gt;, but only made it officially to the alphabet in &lt;code&gt;1708&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So for the borrowings made in older times, like almost all biblical names and Greek names that were of interest to medieval Russian authors (&lt;em&gt;Евклид&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Еврипид&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Евпатор&lt;/em&gt;), an initial &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; was used (for the lack of a better letter), which influenced rendition of the names by Russian readers and later became a tradition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the borrowings made later, when there was a letter to denote an initial non-yotized &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt;, this letter was used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, Russian language does not accept either closed or open versions for all non-yotized vowels in the beginning of the words, which results in incorrect renditions of the names borrowed from the languages which contrast open and closed vowels: &lt;em&gt;Эттингер&lt;/em&gt; (Öttinger), &lt;em&gt;Ибервег&lt;/em&gt; (Überweg), &lt;em&gt;Юлёярви&lt;/em&gt; (Ylöjärvi) etc. The Russian transliterations either change the initial letter or make it yotized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-24T18:40:53.937" LastActivityDate="2012-06-24T18:40:53.937" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="338" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="340" CreationDate="2012-06-24T06:45:29.007" Score="16" ViewCount="552" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the name of the hair color &lt;code&gt;русый&lt;/code&gt; come from the name of the people/land?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="113" LastActivityDate="2012-06-24T18:38:46.433" Title="Do &quot;русый&quot; and &quot;русский&quot; have a common root?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="338" CreationDate="2012-06-24T09:16:10.460" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, they both derive from name of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%27_people&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ancient 'rus`' people&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="44" LastEditorUserId="113" LastEditDate="2012-06-24T10:41:02.193" LastActivityDate="2012-06-24T10:41:02.193" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="338" CreationDate="2012-06-24T18:31:35.613" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Русый&lt;/em&gt; originates from the Slavic word &lt;code&gt;*рудсъ&lt;/code&gt; (red) and is directly related to words like &lt;em&gt;рыжий&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;рдеть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;рожа&lt;/em&gt; (disease) etc, and also to the words orginated from the same PIE root, including English &lt;em&gt;red&lt;/em&gt; itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most sources agree that &lt;em&gt;русский&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Русь&lt;/em&gt; originated from &lt;em&gt;Rus&lt;/em&gt;, the name of the Viking tribe which settled on the east cost of Baltic sea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The name of the tribe is thought by some (Vasmer and others) as originated from Germanic word meaning &quot;to row&quot; (as with a paddle). However, since the origin of the nation's name is a very politically sensitive subject, there are numerous theories which derive the word &lt;em&gt;Русь&lt;/em&gt; from other words. Trubachyov derived it from an Iranian word meaning &quot;light&quot; (which originates from the same root as &lt;em&gt;русый&lt;/em&gt; does), though agrees that it was the name of a Viking tribe too. If this point of view is true, then the two words are related but that would be a very remote relation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some derive the word &lt;em&gt;Русь&lt;/em&gt; from the name of the river Ros (in what now is Ukraine). However, in Slavic it was read as &lt;code&gt;*ръсь&lt;/code&gt; which would yield a fleeting vowel in the root (compare &lt;em&gt;ръжь&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;рожь&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ръжи&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;ржи&lt;/em&gt;) so linguists deny this version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So answering your question: &lt;em&gt;русый&lt;/em&gt; definitely does not come directly from &lt;em&gt;русский&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Русь&lt;/em&gt;, but the two may (or may not) have a common PIE ancestor meaning &quot;bright color&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-24T18:38:46.433" LastActivityDate="2012-06-24T18:38:46.433" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="341" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="342" CreationDate="2012-06-24T18:45:19.307" Score="5" ViewCount="771" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно расставить знаки препинания в этой фразе?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;горшок он и в Африке горшок&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что должно стоять после горшок: запятая, тире или точка? Почему?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="104" LastEditDate="2012-06-25T00:36:25.270" LastActivityDate="2012-06-25T00:36:25.270" Title="Как правильно расставить знаки препинания вo фразе: &quot;горшок он и в Африке горшок&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="341" CreationDate="2012-06-24T20:08:46.077" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Аn em dash would be most appropriate, since we have a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hi-edu.ru/e-books/xbook142/01/part-021.htm#i13147&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;thematic nominative, closely connected to the base sentence.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При именительном темы, более тесно связанном с базовым предложением, в котором имеется личное или указательное местоимение в качестве слова-отсылки, употребляется тире: &lt;em&gt;Смерть - она все успокаивает (М. Г.); Читатель - он знает, что важен не человек - важен дух человеческий (М. Г.); Марченко - тот был человек, золотой человек (Каз.); Дорога в дождь - она не сладость, Дорога в дождь - она беда (Евт.).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a thematic nominative is more closely connected to the base sentence which uses a personal or demonstrative pronoun as a reference word, an em dash is used to connect the sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;thematic nominative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, or topical nominative, is a rhetorical construct in Russian (and in English too) which uses a independent clause of a single expression in nominative to define a topic (or theme) of a compound sentence, and another indepenent clause to define the comment (or rheme).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both English and Russian it's probably best illustrated by demotivators posted all over the Internet:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3AZhR.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;demotivational image about cats&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A comma could be used too, since this expression is quite vernacular and a comma can be used instead of an em dash to imitate flow of speech. However, the expression &lt;em&gt;и в Африке&lt;/em&gt; has already become an idiom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-24T20:33:07.863" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="343" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-24T23:11:37.937" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-06-24T23:11:37.937" LastActivityDate="2012-06-24T23:11:37.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="344" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-24T23:11:37.937" Score="0" Body="Punctuation is referring to the way the symbols in a sentence indicate the structure and organization of written language, as well as intonation and pauses to be observed when reading aloud." OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2012-06-25T10:28:54.717" LastActivityDate="2012-06-25T10:28:54.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="345" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="346" CreationDate="2012-06-25T08:08:42.930" Score="14" ViewCount="1003" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are various words used for &quot;priest&quot; in Russian language: поп, батюшка, священник, иерей, ксендз... What are emotional connotations of this words and when are they appropriate to use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="145" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T22:18:34.447" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T22:18:34.447" Title="Various words for &quot;priest&quot;. What are their emotional connotations?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="345" CreationDate="2012-06-25T10:14:50.283" Score="16" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;священник&lt;/em&gt; is the current neutral word. It's a Church Slavonic loanword.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;поп&lt;/em&gt; is colloquial, can be considered even slightly derogatory. Earlier it was the neutral word. It's most used in proverbs. It's a Germanic loanword.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;батюшка&lt;/em&gt; is a diminutive of &lt;em&gt;батя&lt;/em&gt;, father. It's used to address a priest but can be used in third person too. It has mostly positive connotations showing spiritual proximity.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;иерей&lt;/em&gt; is a strict term for a certain rank in a Russian Orthodox church. It's rarely used outside the church context. It's a Greek loanword through Church Slavonic.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;ксёндз&lt;/em&gt; is a Polish Catholic priest. Used informally. It's not correct to call the other (non-Polish) Catholic priests that and should not be used in formal speech. It's a Polish loanword, from Old Slavic &lt;code&gt;*кънѧдзь&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;em&gt;князь&lt;/em&gt; in modern Russian) which is borrowed from Germanic &lt;code&gt;*kuningas&lt;/code&gt; (akin to English &lt;em&gt;king&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-25T10:46:17.057" LastActivityDate="2012-06-25T10:46:17.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="347" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="352" CreationDate="2012-06-25T15:51:38.177" Score="7" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the phrase &quot;quadratic formula&quot; (the formula for the solutions of &lt;i&gt;ax&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; + &lt;i&gt;bx&lt;/i&gt; + &lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt; = 0 [EDIT: I mean the famous formula with the square root of &lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-4&lt;i&gt;ac&lt;/i&gt; as part of the numerator]) not really get directly translated into Russian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that this is described by phrases like &lt;em&gt;формула корней (или решений) квадратного уравнения&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;теорема Виета&lt;/em&gt;, but not &lt;em&gt;квадратная формула.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a related issue, I have encountered both &lt;em&gt;квадратный&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;квадратичный&lt;/em&gt;, but the latter seems to be less often used (e.g., &lt;em&gt;квадратичное расширение&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;квадратичный вычет&lt;/em&gt;). Is &lt;em&gt;квадратичный&lt;/em&gt; allowed only in a more limited range of expressions, so that terms like &lt;em&gt;квадратичный многочлен, квадратичный корень&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;квадратичная матрица&lt;/em&gt; would all sound weird?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2014-06-07T08:54:39.923" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T08:54:39.923" Title="quadratic things" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="348" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="350" CreationDate="2012-06-25T16:06:41.877" Score="9" ViewCount="327" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I want to write the word &quot;n-th&quot; (as in n-th solution, n-th derivative,...), is it more conventional to write &lt;code&gt;n-ый/n-ая/n-ое&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;n-й/n-я/n-е&lt;/code&gt;, or are both styles equally common? In terms of &lt;em&gt;pronunciation&lt;/em&gt;, is it always &lt;code&gt;э́ный/э́ная/э́ное&lt;/code&gt; (e.g., someone who writes n-я wouldn't actually say that as &lt;code&gt;э́ня&lt;/code&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: I found out later that for every variable &lt;code&gt;x&lt;/code&gt; it's acceptable to express &quot;&lt;em&gt;x-th&lt;/em&gt;&quot; as &quot;&lt;em&gt;xтый&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (e.g., &lt;code&gt;m-ый = эмтый, n-ый = энтый, j-ый = житый, q-ый = кутый&lt;/code&gt;), and since this works in all cases while the ending &lt;em&gt;-ный&lt;/em&gt; for &lt;em&gt;n-ый&lt;/em&gt; doesn't apply to variables ending with a vowel sound, I'll use the &lt;em&gt;-тый&lt;/em&gt; version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-07T08:27:01.610" LastActivityDate="2014-10-31T05:31:50.053" Title="n-th: как написать/произнести?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="347" CreationDate="2012-06-25T16:12:53.963" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The translation in this particular case would be: квадратное уравнение.  In US colleges and schools this is being referred to not as &quot;quadratic formula&quot; but more commonly as &quot;quadratic equation&quot; (and not just by professors from the former USSR).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; The formula for the solution for this equation normally would be referred as translation you have listed there is no unifying term to describe it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general &quot;quadratic&quot; in algebraic expression would generally be translated as &quot;квадратн(ый)(ая)(ое)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term Квадраничный as far as I can tell is being used to describe functions in &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;vector spaces(see Wikipedia)&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru/~%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;general multidimensional equations(see БСЭ)&lt;/a&gt; where terms related to independent variables have power of 2 or are a product of 2 independent variables.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="123" LastEditorUserId="123" LastEditDate="2012-06-25T17:11:42.483" LastActivityDate="2012-06-25T17:11:42.483" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="348" CreationDate="2012-06-25T16:15:49.180" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;While both written styles are grammatically correct, the more common one is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;n-ый, -ая, -ое, -ые&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, you could see sometimes the &lt;code&gt;n-&lt;/code&gt; part spelled out in Russian as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;энный, энная, энное, энные&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pronunciation in all cases would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;э́нный / э́нная / э́нное / э́нные&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Note the double &lt;code&gt;н&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;pronunciation &lt;em&gt;э́ня&lt;/em&gt; is wrong and it's more than likely that people will not understand what you're referring to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-06-25T16:15:49.180" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="351" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="355" CreationDate="2012-06-25T16:25:17.440" Score="11" ViewCount="821" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given the meaning of the phrase ranging from benign &quot;Go away&quot; to the rude &quot;Пошел на ...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am curious of the origins of this form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="123" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T03:49:52.557" Title="Etymology of &quot;Пошел в Баню!&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="347" CreationDate="2012-06-25T16:54:37.757" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does the phrase &quot;quadratic formula&quot; (the formula for the solutions of &lt;i&gt;ax&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; + &lt;i&gt;bx&lt;/i&gt; + &lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt; = 0 [EDIT: I mean the famous formula with the square root of &lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-4&lt;i&gt;ac&lt;/i&gt; as part of the numerator]) not really get directly translated into Russian? It seems that this is described by phrases like формула корней (или решений) квадратного уравнения or теорема Виета, but not квадратная формула&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You're right. Квадратная формула is not used in Russian. You seem to have listed the available translations yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On a related issue, I have encountered both квадратный and квадратичный, but the latter seems to be less often used (e.g., квадратичное расширение or квадратичный вычет).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Квадратный is usually translated as simply &lt;code&gt;square&lt;/code&gt;, квадратичный - as &lt;code&gt;quadratic&lt;/code&gt;. The former term sounds less scientific than the latter, so I suppose that it's part of the reason why in some more basic expressions we use квадратный rather than perhaps the more appropriate but not established квадратичный. An example would be квадратное уравнение (if I were to establish the term anew, I'd probably go with квадратичное уравнение, but the term is already established).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is квадратичный allowed only in a more limited range of expressions, so that terms like квадратичный многочлен, квадратичный корень, or квадратичная матрица would all sound weird?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Квадратичная матрица sounds weird because it is a square matrix (the form), not quadratic (i.e. it's not about exponent = 2). Квадратичный многочлен doesn't sound weird at all. Квадратичный корень does sound weird, because perhaps the established term квадратный корень is very widespread&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="104" LastEditDate="2012-06-25T20:18:46.180" LastActivityDate="2012-06-25T20:18:46.180" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="351" CreationDate="2012-06-25T17:34:06.970" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;My amateurish 3 cents. I think it started with the saying &quot;Пошел к черту&quot; meaning to curse somebody. In this regard &quot;пошел&quot; makes perfect sense, how else would you get to the devil?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE: about the roots of &quot;баня&quot; as a place to go&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I like the explanation that I found &lt;a href=&quot;http://ec-dejavu.ru/p/Prostitution.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; in Russian and confirmed later &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=qVMOAAAAYAAJ&amp;amp;dq=aller%20s%27estuver&amp;amp;pg=PA113&amp;amp;ci=50,168,715,289&amp;amp;source=bookclip&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=t_jDi3UDjYoC&amp;amp;lpg=PT69&amp;amp;dq=aller%20s%27estuver&amp;amp;pg=PT69#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=aller%20s%27estuver&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; in French:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Средний возраст посетителей публичных домов составлял около двадцати&#xA;  семи лет. Женатым мужчинам теоретически запрещалось наведываться в&#xA;  бордель, однако на деле это правило никогда не соблюдалось, невзирая&#xA;  на периодически устраивавшиеся в заведениях облавы. Начать с того, что&#xA;  правило это не распространялось на чужестранцев; кроме того, за&#xA;  некоторую дополнительную плату мужья вполне могли рассчитывать на&#xA;  благосклонность хозяев борделя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Зато им совершенно не возбранялось посещать бани, которые, несмотря на многочисленные запреты, неизменно служили для тех же&#xA;  целей, что и бордели. Таких бань в каждом большом городе существовало&#xA;  по нескольку (в Лионе и Дижоие в 1470 году было по семь таких&#xA;  заведений). Владельцами бань были весьма высокопоставленные лица, в&#xA;  том числе и духовного звания. Не случайно в Лионе выражение &quot;aller&#xA;  s'estuver&quot; (идти в баню) имело в XV веке вполне определенный смысл. В&#xA;  банях было множество потаенных убежищ и запасных выходов на случай&#xA;  обыска. При этом около 20% клиентуры составляло духовенство.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE2:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the explanation above looks pretty reasonable, Mr. Google N-Gram &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%20%D0%B2%20%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8E&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=12&amp;amp;smoothing=3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;says&lt;/a&gt; it's not the case with Russian. The mention of the phrase &quot;иди в баню&quot; surged in 40's of the last century which makes me &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=ytsuMo6swsIC&amp;amp;lpg=PA116&amp;amp;dq=%22%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%20%D0%B2%20%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8E%22&amp;amp;pg=PA116#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%22%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%20%D0%B2%20%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8E%22&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;guess&lt;/a&gt; about &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%20%D0%B2%20%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8E%22&amp;amp;tbs=bks:1,cdr:1,cd_min:1947,cd_max:1997&amp;amp;lr=lang_ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;other versions&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uFSH1.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2012-06-25T18:32:30.533" LastActivityDate="2012-06-25T18:32:30.533" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="351" CreationDate="2012-06-25T18:08:33.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;We can theorize all we want, and mention that a баня is a place where you wash yourself, so it may be a hint that the person is dirty or that he stinks, and that баня is usually located outside the home, so it's a nice way of sending the person away, or that it's very hot so maybe it's a colloquial euphemism for hell - but at the end of the day it's just an expression taken from the everyday country life and involving everyday household objects. I wouldn't read much into the specific use of the term. It's like asking why they say &quot;as dumb as a bag of hammers&quot;. Why is a bag of hammers dumber than a bucket of gravel, for instance? :) It's just an expression, I don't think it's quaint enough to have any special meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="113" LastActivityDate="2012-06-25T18:08:33.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="351" CreationDate="2012-06-25T19:41:08.830" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian mythology &quot;баня&quot; is the place of evil spirits. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The third firing (or fourth, depending on tradition) was reserved for&#xA;  the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bannik&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bannik&lt;/a&gt;, and, given his inclination to invite demons and forest&#xA;  spirits to share his bath, no Christian images were allowed lest they&#xA;  offend the occupants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, the meaning of &lt;code&gt;пошел в баню&lt;/code&gt; is very close to &lt;code&gt;пошел к черту&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9" LastEditorUserId="9" LastEditDate="2012-06-25T22:47:44.323" LastActivityDate="2012-06-25T22:47:44.323" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="356" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="358" CreationDate="2012-06-25T20:31:01.377" Score="6" ViewCount="256" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are &lt;strong&gt;двусторонний&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;двухсторонний&lt;/strong&gt; just two valid versions of the same word or are there slight differences? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the former is the case, which version, if any, is considered more formal/more modern/more correct etc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the latter is the case, what are the differences? Are there any phrases or situations that accept exclusively or preferably one version over the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/forum/kurilka/79684/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this thread&lt;/a&gt; of gramota.ru one person argues that &lt;em&gt;двухсторонний&lt;/em&gt; is more appropriate to use in the meaning of &lt;em&gt;having two sides&lt;/em&gt;, whereas &lt;em&gt;двусторонний&lt;/em&gt; has the meaning of &lt;em&gt;mutual&lt;/em&gt;. Is there any truth to this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T21:18:51.020" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T21:18:51.020" Title="Are двусторонний and двухсторонний completely interchangeable?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="356" CreationDate="2012-06-25T21:03:15.997" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both of these are grammatically correct, although many Russian language teachers consider form &lt;em&gt;двусторонний&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;more correct&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Большой толковый словарь:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ДВУСТОРОННИЙ; ДВУХСТОРОННИЙ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Имеющий две стороны; происходящий, производимый, расположенный и т. п. с двух сторон. Двустороннее воспаление лёгких. Двухстороннее&#xA;  уличное движение. //С одинаковыми сторонами, без изнанки и лица (о&#xA;  ткани). Д. драп.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Обязательный для обеих сторон; обоюдный. Двухстороннее соглашение. Двусторонний договор. // Действующий в обе стороны. Двусторонняя&#xA;  радиосвязь.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact that these two words are given in the dictionary on one line together means that the words are totally interchangeable.  Yet, considering these two meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Having two sides.  In this meaning, both words are used equally and interchangeably.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mandatory for two sides, coming from both sides, or working both ways as in &lt;em&gt;двусторонний договор&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;двусторонняя связь&lt;/em&gt;.  While, again, both words are grammatically correct, more often than not, &lt;em&gt;двусторонний&lt;/em&gt; is used in formal writing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, it's worth noting that there are set phrases that use one word or the other, for example, &lt;em&gt;двухстороннее соглашение&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;двухстороннее движение&lt;/em&gt;, but &lt;em&gt;двусторонняя связь&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;двусторонние переговоры&lt;/em&gt;.  The reason one or the other word is used has more to do with the way it historically been used rather than for any technical or grammatical reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-06-25T21:08:40.717" LastActivityDate="2012-06-25T21:08:40.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="356" CreationDate="2012-06-25T21:59:00.950" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The numeral &lt;em&gt;два&lt;/em&gt; in old Russian was declined in such called dual number, now lost:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;два&#xA;дву&#xA;двома&#xA;дву&#xA;двома&#xA;о два&#xA;два&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later, with the loss of dual number, its declension paragidm changed to that of demonstrative pronouns in plural, with the base form taken from the old genitive:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;два (те)&#xA;дву-х (тех)&#xA;дву-м (тем)&#xA;дву-х (тех)&#xA;дву-мя (теми)&#xA;о дву-х (о тех)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The instrumental case got contaminated with the old declension paradigm (and has also contaminated the inst. of &lt;em&gt;три&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;четыре&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;тремя&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;четырьмя&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both the old (&lt;em&gt;дву-&lt;/em&gt;) and the new (&lt;em&gt;двух-&lt;/em&gt;) genitives remained productive for complex words, however in the modern language there is a trend to use &lt;em&gt;двух-&lt;/em&gt; for new words. In words which allow both forms, the old form &lt;em&gt;дву-&lt;/em&gt; is usually perceived as a high style, formal version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal in &lt;em&gt;Справочник по правописанию, произношению и литературному редактированию&lt;/em&gt; advices:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Равноправны варианты сложных слов, в состав которых входит элемент: &lt;em&gt;дву-&lt;/em&gt; /&lt;em&gt;–двух-&lt;/em&gt;, например: &lt;em&gt;двуголосный – двухголосный, двудонный – двухдонный, двуклассный – двухклассный, двулетний – двухлетний, двупольный – двухпольный, двускатный – двухскатный, двусложный – двухсложный, двустволка – двухстволка, двусторонность – двухсторонность.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сложные слова &lt;em&gt;двубортный, двуглавый, двугривенный, двуединый, двужильный, двузначный, двузубец, двуколка, двукратный, двуличный, двуперстие, двурогий, двусмысленный, двустопный, двууглекислый, двучлен, двуязычный&lt;/em&gt; и некоторые др. не допускают вариантов написания с &lt;em&gt;двух-&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;  Но основной массив таких сложных слов пишется с элементом &lt;em&gt;двух-&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;двухатомный, двухгодичный, двухкамерный, двухлетие, двухместный, двухпалубный, двухпроцентный, двухслойный, двухсотлетний, двухсуточный, двухтактный, двухтомный, двухчасовой, двухцветный, двухэтажный&lt;/em&gt; и др.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Разграничительную роль играет фонетико-орфоэпическое отличие: перед гласными (в том числе йотированными), как правило, употребляется &lt;em&gt;двух-&lt;/em&gt; во избежание стечения двух гласных, например: &lt;em&gt;двухактный, двухосный, двухъярусный, двухэлементный&lt;/em&gt;, но имеются отступления: &lt;em&gt;двуокись, двууглекислый, двуязычие&lt;/em&gt; и некоторые др.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2012-06-25T22:49:04.897" LastActivityDate="2012-06-25T22:49:04.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="359" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-26T07:58:25.530" Score="12" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;Judging by several etymological discussions erupting around this site, people have vastly different ideas about what constitutes “native” Russian word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For me, borrowing (whether it be recent (last three-four centuries) technological or scientific terminology or thousand-year old Greek influence via the Christianisation) is pretty clear. However, given the common origin of Indo-European languages, and ability to trace etymology of many European words to, say, Sanskrit, where do we draw a line between borrowing and natural evolution and transformation of language?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does the science of linguistics define autochthonous vocabulary in general, and specifically relating to the Russian (Ruthenian, Slavic) languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; Please, avoid speculation and opinion. The question warrants serious research (sources, quotes). I would take opinion of a linguistic authority on controversial or disputed subject, but not personal opinions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-06-26T11:10:58.897" LastActivityDate="2012-06-26T11:10:58.897" Title="Defining autochthonous etymology of Russian lexems" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;лингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="359" CreationDate="2012-06-26T08:43:10.450" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would recommend a lecture by Zaliznyak: &lt;a href=&quot;http://elementy.ru/lib/430720&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;О профессиональной и любительской лингвистике&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Hope it would be authoritative enough for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A citation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Основной принцип изменений в языке был открыт лишь в XIX веке, и это самое великое достижение исторической лингвистики. Его значение для этой науки не меньшее, чем, скажем, значение открытия закона всемирного тяготения для физики.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Принцип состоит в том, что внешняя форма слов языка меняется не индивидуальным образом для каждого слова, а в силу процессов — так называемых фонетических изменений (иначе — фонетических переходов), охватывающих в данном языке в данную эпоху ВСЕ без исключения слова, где имеется определенная фонема (или сочетание фонем).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это основополагающий принцип исторической лингвистики.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Другой источник кажущихся нарушений принципа всеобщности фонетического изменения — случаи заимствования некоторого слова из родственного языка или диалекта. Например, современное русское слово благо внешне нарушает определенное правило из истории русского языка, по которому должно было получиться не благо, а болого. Но дело здесь в том, что слово благо пришло в современный язык не из живого древнерусского языка (где действительно имелось слово болого — откуда, например, название города Бологое), а из церковнославянского (для которого фонетически закономерным было именно благо).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;За рамками этих двух типовых ситуаций остается лишь совершенно незначительное число случаев видимого нарушения указанного принципа. Следует предполагать, что для них просто пока еще не выявлено то частное правило, в силу которого они возникли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a nutshell: every language evolves according to the very strict laws, as strict as laws of physics. If we see a word in the language which does not obey these laws, it means that either there is a law we don't know yet, or this word is a borrowing, possibly from a related language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This also means that if we can trace the origin of a European word to Sanskrit, then it was borrowed from Sanskrit once, because Sanskrit is not a direct ancestor of any of the living European languages. It's just one of the branches of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Proto-Indo-European language&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-26T08:43:10.450" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="318" CreationDate="2012-06-26T19:14:20.457" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer by Helgi explains everything very well, but I would also add to his list &lt;code&gt;аварийный отказ программы&lt;/code&gt; or simply &lt;code&gt;отказ программы&lt;/code&gt;. It's not an absolutely equivalent term, but it can be used as a translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastEditorUserId="23" LastEditDate="2012-06-28T20:30:45.910" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T20:30:45.910" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="208" CreationDate="2012-06-26T20:11:09.343" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say the difference Russian vs. Ukrainian is very similar to Czech vs. Slovak. I, as a born Slovak, can understand virtually everything from Czech. Many books in Slovakia are not translated to Slovak, they are imported from the Czech Republic. Also Czech TV stations are widely spread here, TV dubbing is left in 99% Czech etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, as the Czech Republic is much bigger market, they usually translate everything, dub everything into Czech and they, after the split of Czechoslovakia, lost contact to the Slovak language. So an average Prague citizen has big troubles to understand Slovak (specially youth, born after 1989).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But as mentioned, it all depends. If someone lives in his village whole life, does not read books, watch foreign movies, meet new people... even a dialect from his own country can be strange to him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="63" LastActivityDate="2012-06-26T20:11:09.343" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="114" CreationDate="2012-06-26T21:08:06.423" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add a note to the excellent answers above: the concept aspect can be very confusing. For example, I haven't realized how difficult it is till the moment I started learning Russian and it exists in my mother language (Slovak) as well!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are no hard rules, how these words are made. I.e. even if you perfectly understand when/how to use it, you still have to learn perfect-imperfect pairs. Few examples (imperfect/perfect):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;читать / прочитать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;писать / написать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;учить / выучить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;делать / сделать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One imperfect word can have many perfect forms (and these perfect forms may but may not have different meanings!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;писать / написать, прописать, выписать, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;нести / принести, вынести, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prefixes used for perfect forms can be used also for imperfect ones:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;находить / найти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no rule that if there's a word in imperfect form that then there's a word in perfect form and vice versa:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;организовать, рекомендовать (here literally perfect = imperfect)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Funny thing is these forms changes from one Slavic language to another. For example in Slovak, we've got perfect forms for the both of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are just random thoughts, feel free to correct me, I'm far from being a good Russian speaker ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="63" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-27T12:34:01.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="366" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="368" CreationDate="2012-06-27T00:38:43.800" Score="12" ViewCount="425" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am interested in knowing the etymology of names of the seasons in Russian: лето, весна, осень, зима.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And especially the original meaning of the proto-words that gave birth to these words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2012-06-27T04:05:44.950" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T05:41:26.977" Title="Where do the following words come from: лето, весна, осень, зима?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="366" CreationDate="2012-06-27T01:04:27.987" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Из викисловаря&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;лето&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Происходит от праслав. формы, от которой в числе прочего произошли: ст.-слав. лѣто (др.-греч. χρόνος, ἔτος, ἐνιαυτός), русск. лето, укр. лíто, белор. сле́цiць «согреть», сле́тный «тепловатый», смол., болг. ля́то, сербохорв. ље̏то, словенск. lẹ́to, чешск. léto, словацк. lеtо, польск. lаtо, в.-луж., н.-луж. lěto&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;весна&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Происходит от праслав. формы, от которой в числе прочего произошли: др.-русск., ст.-слав. весна (др.-греч. ἔαρ), русск., укр. весна́, сербохорв. вѐсна, словенск. vȇsna, чешск. vesna, польск. wiosna. Древняя и.-е. основа на r/n, ср. лит. vasarà «лето», латышск. vasara, греч. ἔαρ, лат. vēr, др.-исл. vár «весна», др.-инд. vasantás «весна», vasar «рано», авест. vaŋri- «весной», арм. գարուն/garun/ «весна»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;осень&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Происходит от праслав. формы, от которой в числе прочего произошли: др.-русск. осень, ср.: сербск.-церк.-слав. ıесень (др.-греч. φθινόπωρον, укр. о́сінь (род. п. о́сени), болг. есента́, сербохорв. jе̏се̑н, до̏ jесени, словенск. jesȇn, чешск. jeseň, словацк. jeseň, польск. jesień. Родственно др.-прусск. assanis «осень», готск. аsаns ж. «жатва», др.-в.-нем. аrаn, аrn «урожай». Далее сближают с греч. ὀπώρᾱ «конец лета, жатва» из *ор᾽ + оsаrā «после жатвы». Сюда же есене́сь «прошлой осенью», с.-в.-р., вост.-русск., осеня́сь со стар. вин. ед. от сь (см. сей), др.-русск. осеньсь, болг. есене́с, сербохорв. jесѐнас, словенск. jesȇnǝs — то же&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;зима&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Происходит от праслав. формы *zīmā, от которой в числе прочего произошли: др.-русск., ст.-слав. зима (др.-греч. χεῖμών), русск., укр. зима́, болг. зи́ма, сербохорв. зи́ма (вин. зи̑му), словенск. zíma, чешск., словацк., польск. zima, н.-луж., в.-луж. zуmа. Из праиндоевр. *g'heim-, родственно лит. žiemà (вин. žiẽmą) «зима», латышск. zìema — то же, др.-прусск. semo — то же, др.-инд. hḗman «зимой», himás «зима», hēmantás — то же, авест. zyå-(zim-), zimō «мороз, зима», греч. χεῖμα «зима», χειμών «зимняя буря», χειμερινός «зимний», алб.-гег. dimën, тоск. dimër «зима», лат. hiems «зима», bīmus (*bihimos) «двухлетний», hībernus «зимний», датск. диал. gimmerlam «годовалый ягненок», арм. ձմեռ/dzmer/ «зима». Соболевский хочет видеть в нар. зи́мусь «этой зимой», др.-русск. зимусь (грам. ок. 1300 г.), болг. зимъс, сербохорв. зи́му̑с древний вин. п. ед. ч. -сь основы на -i. Гадательно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nothing interesting, if you ask me...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="104" LastEditDate="2012-06-27T01:23:35.107" LastActivityDate="2012-06-27T01:23:35.107" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="366" CreationDate="2012-06-27T06:45:47.990" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The proto-Slavic ancestors of these words (see Armen's answer) meant, surprisingly enough, summer, spring, fall and winter, accordingly :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tracing the meanings back to PIE would be a little bit harder, since it's relatively easy to reconstruct phonetics of the roots but not their exact semantics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Vasmer and Chernykh:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Весна&lt;/em&gt; from PIE &lt;code&gt;*wesr-/*wesn-&lt;/code&gt;, &quot;spring&quot; (akin to English &lt;em&gt;vernal&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лето&lt;/em&gt; from PIE &lt;code&gt;*lē-&lt;/code&gt;, &quot;to allow, to let, to loosen&quot; (akin to English &lt;em&gt;let&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Осень&lt;/em&gt; from PIE &lt;code&gt;*esen-&lt;/code&gt;, &quot;to harvest&quot; (akin to English &lt;em&gt;earn&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Зима&lt;/em&gt; from PIE &lt;code&gt;*gheim-&lt;/code&gt;, &quot;snow, winter&quot; (akin to English &lt;em&gt;hibernate&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-27T09:29:18.597" LastActivityDate="2012-06-27T09:29:18.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="281" CreationDate="2012-06-27T07:31:19.037" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I actually think its здрассте (без мягкого знака) and it's synonymous with the English term 'howdy.' the impression I've gotten is that the word здравствуйте is such a long word with such a horrible consonant cluster in the middle (on top of being such a common everyday word anyway) that it is useless to try to pronounce every letter of the word (you'll find the same to be true for words such as пожалуйста, again a common everyday word that is never fully pronounced, that is the -уй- are often spoken over) but one difference is that I don't believe there to be a meaning for the 'word' пожалста, it's just the way it is pronounced when spoken quickly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="176" LastActivityDate="2012-06-27T07:31:19.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="370" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="372" CreationDate="2012-06-27T14:21:22.000" Score="8" ViewCount="906" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the semantic difference between verbs in column A and their counterparts in column B? Is there any term (in Russian) describing the verbs in A and the verbs in B? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;А                B&#xA;пл'ыть       пл'авать&#xA;идт'и        xод'ить&#xA;беж'ать      б'егать&#xA;лет'еть      лет'ать&#xA;'еxать       'ездить&#xA;попл'ыл      запл'авал&#xA;пош'ёл       заxод'ил&#xA;побеж'ал     заб'егал&#xA;полет'ел     залет'ал&#xA;по'еxал      за'ездил&#xA;пропл'ыть    попл'авать&#xA;пройт'ись    поxод'ить&#xA;пробеж'аться поб'егать&#xA;пролет'еть   полет'ать&#xA;про'еxаться  по'ездить&#xA;нест'ись     нос'иться&#xA;пронест'ись  понос'иться&#xA;ползт'и      п'олзать&#xA;прополз'ти   поп'олзать&#xA;поползт'и    зап'олзать     &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2012-09-30T09:55:52.410" LastActivityDate="2012-09-30T09:55:52.410" Title="What's the difference between плыть and плавать, пройтись and поxодить, полетел and залетал, etc.?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="370" CreationDate="2012-06-27T14:22:33.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verbs in column A describe different types of motion that is performed only in one direction, while the verbs in column B describe same motions with constant, perhaps, sporadic change of direction. The B verbs may even have a meaning of back-and-forth type of motion. For example, Russian “идти” means simply “to go”, while “xодить” can mean “to walk around”, “to stroll about”, “to walk back and forth” or even “to make rounds or trips by walking”. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best term that I can come up with for the first group verbs is “глаголы направленного действия” (“directed motion verbs”), and “глаголы разнонаправленного действия” for the second group (“multidirectional motion verbs”).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2012-06-27T14:22:33.527" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="370" CreationDate="2012-06-27T15:07:09.203" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verbs in column &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; are called &lt;em&gt;моторно-некратные&lt;/em&gt; (progressive motion verbs), those in column &lt;code&gt;B&lt;/code&gt; are called &lt;em&gt;моторно-кратные&lt;/em&gt; (iterative motion verbs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally, iterative verbs are constructed in Russian using the suffixes &lt;code&gt;-ива-&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;-ыва-&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;em&gt;читать/читывать&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;лежать/лёживать&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verbs you mentioned retain traces of Indo-European ablaut, similar to those in irregular English verbs (&lt;em&gt;sing / sang / sung&lt;/em&gt; etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Идти / ходить&lt;/em&gt; is formed from two distinct PIE roots, the first is akin to English &lt;em&gt;ion&lt;/em&gt; (from Greek), the second is akin to English &lt;em&gt;sit&lt;/em&gt; (according to Vasmer).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other Slavic languages and in Russian dialects, the second root can form a progressive/iterative pair too: &lt;em&gt;ходить / хожать&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;&quot;ходи сюда / хожай тихо&quot;&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-27T15:23:56.363" LastActivityDate="2012-06-27T15:23:56.363" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="373" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="376" CreationDate="2012-06-27T15:41:56.193" Score="5" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;ветвление (branching, ramification)&lt;/em&gt; appears to be a purely technical synonym for &lt;em&gt;разветвление&lt;/em&gt;. I can find &lt;em&gt;разветвление&lt;/em&gt; in ordinary dictionaries, but &lt;em&gt;ветвление&lt;/em&gt; is not there, although it is mentioned in references on biology, chemistry, computer programming, and mathematics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &lt;em&gt;ветвление&lt;/em&gt; restricted to usage in the natural sciences and math, and can someone explain why the adjectival form &lt;em&gt;разветвлённый&lt;/em&gt; is used but &lt;em&gt;ветвлённый&lt;/em&gt; apparently doesn't exist?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T22:29:49.407" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T10:04:48.227" Title="What is the difference in usage between &quot;ветвление&quot; and &quot;разветвление&quot;?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="374" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="375" CreationDate="2012-06-27T18:09:14.223" Score="20" ViewCount="4914" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a habit of saying 'До свидания' (Au revoir; until we meet again) when terminating a conversation. Would this seem strange if I'm not likely to actually meet that person again, such as a clerk, a stranger asking for directions or just somebody who called the wrong number? Should I instead be using 'Всего доброго' (All the best) or a different farewell entirely?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T22:13:44.250" LastActivityDate="2017-07-22T23:50:18.570" Title="Is it odd to say &quot;До свидания&quot; to somebody if you are unlikely to ever meet them again?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="374" CreationDate="2012-06-27T18:11:57.267" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's perfectly normal; &lt;code&gt;до свидания&lt;/code&gt; is just a polite form of a farewell and is used regardless of the probability to meet again. &#xA;Moreover, &lt;code&gt;до свидания&lt;/code&gt; can be used in (formal) phone calls, when people have actually never met and probably never will.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Всего доброго&lt;/code&gt; is also fine and, I think, perfectly interchangeable with &lt;code&gt;до свидания&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="160" LastActivityDate="2012-06-27T18:11:57.267" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="373" CreationDate="2012-06-27T18:33:57.580" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ветвление&lt;/em&gt; is always a process, whereas &lt;em&gt;разветвление&lt;/em&gt; can be either a process or the physical place where something is branching out, the actual &quot;fork&quot;. &lt;em&gt;Ветвлённый&lt;/em&gt; doesn't exist because &lt;em&gt;ветвиться&lt;/em&gt; is not a transitive verb - it doesn't have a оbject, just the subject. It's like &lt;em&gt;краснеть&lt;/em&gt; (to blush), for example. You can't blush something, you can only blush yourself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the outcome of &lt;em&gt;ветвление&lt;/em&gt; will be an object that is &lt;em&gt;ветвистый&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;разветвлённый&lt;/em&gt; itself. A &quot;&lt;em&gt;ветвлённый&lt;/em&gt;&quot; object would be something that &lt;em&gt;ветвление&lt;/em&gt; was done &lt;em&gt;to it&lt;/em&gt;, like &lt;em&gt;варёный&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="113" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-07T10:04:48.227" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T10:04:48.227" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="373" CreationDate="2012-06-27T18:35:40.077" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your question is about participles (&quot;ветвлённый&quot;, &quot;разветвлённый&quot;) and nouns (&quot;ветвление&quot;, &quot;разветвление&quot;). In this case both seem to originate from the corresponding verbs (&quot;ветвиться&quot;, &quot;разветвляться&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between the two verbs is that one &quot;ветвиться&quot; is in &lt;strong&gt;imperfective aspect&lt;/strong&gt; and &quot;разветвляться&quot; is in &lt;strong&gt;perfective aspect&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Accordingly, the word &quot;разветвление&quot; can refer to some simple things like a branch of a railroad, and &quot;ветвление&quot; describes some sort of a phenomenon in general. That naturally restricts the usage of the word to scientific context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &quot;ветвлённый&quot;, I Vitaly's answer, that's just popped up as I'm typing mine, covers it better than I could have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="160" LastActivityDate="2012-06-27T18:35:40.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="374" CreationDate="2012-06-27T20:36:46.257" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A way of saying goodbye that implies that it is likely that you won't see each other again is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;проща́й&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or the more polite (or plural)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;проща́йте&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yeah, and I agree with Lev that до свидания is perfectly normal regardless of the probablity of meeting again. It's just that if you want to &lt;em&gt;imply&lt;/em&gt; that you probably won't meet for a long time or ever, прощай(те) is a better choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="104" LastEditDate="2012-06-27T21:03:36.643" LastActivityDate="2012-06-27T21:03:36.643" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="374" CreationDate="2012-06-27T21:41:09.113" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Practice shows that it is perfectly acceptable to say &lt;code&gt;До свидания&lt;/code&gt; regardless of whether you think you'll actually see them again. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Think about it ... you can't possibly know if you'll see them again, you may.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if the person is terminally ill, I believe it's still OK to say &lt;code&gt;До свидания&lt;/code&gt;, implying that you'll meet them again in the afterlife at some point in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="39" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-07-22T11:04:17.040" LastActivityDate="2017-07-22T11:04:17.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="308" CreationDate="2012-06-27T22:18:15.887" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it is inappropriate and offensive to address a driver like this for a well-mannered person. So, answering your question, I doubt you can use it as a proper way unless you want to look like последнее быдло.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider universal way: &quot;Извините, вот деньги за проезд, возьмете?&quot; или &quot;Скажите, эта маршрутка доедет до воказла?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastActivityDate="2012-06-27T22:18:15.887" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="318" CreationDate="2012-06-27T22:41:58.767" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Крах приложения&quot; seems like the perfect translation to me - it conveys the meaning, isn't unnecessarily verbose and even sounds similar to the English term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastActivityDate="2012-06-27T22:41:58.767" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="382" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="388" CreationDate="2012-06-27T23:59:23.917" Score="6" ViewCount="630" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the common inflection mistakes that Russian kids make as they progress in mastering their first language? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T19:58:36.523" Title="What are the common inflection mistakes that Russian kids make?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-07-04T19:57:42.233" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="382" CreationDate="2012-06-28T00:32:16.093" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;My niece used to say &quot;вчера&quot; instead of &quot;завтра&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T00:32:16.093" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="384" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-06-28T01:04:37.313" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nouns in Russian language are assigned a grammatical gender (male, female or neuter), often with no direct relation to the meaning of the word. An adjective in Russian must agree with the gender of the noun to which it is applied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, nouns do not have a grammatical gender, but many nouns can refer to masculine or feminine animate objects (mother/father, actor/actress).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="92" LastEditorUserId="92" LastEditDate="2012-07-04T10:12:53.627" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T10:12:53.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="385" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-06-28T01:04:37.313" Score="0" Body="For questions about grammatical gender of Russian nouns or general questions about gendered words in Russian, including appropriate translation equivalents of foreign words from languages that don't have the category of gender." OwnerUserId="92" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-24T14:01:35.370" LastActivityDate="2012-07-24T14:01:35.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="386" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="389" CreationDate="2012-06-28T04:33:44.693" Score="12" ViewCount="1343" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the cases and possibly rules for using semicolon (;) in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2012-07-01T10:23:49.223" Title="When is semicolon used in Russian?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="386" CreationDate="2012-06-28T04:36:38.450" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder what they are in English :)&#xA;I would say that we use it for a pause which is larger that a comma but less then a full stop. Something like &quot;Я пошла в магазин и купила сигарет, молока и хлеба; а заодно на почту сбегала&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="183" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T04:36:38.450" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="382" CreationDate="2012-06-28T04:43:07.290" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's typical of children (of Russian children, at least) to experiment with morphology. Korney Chukovsky wrote a book 'from 2 to 5' about his experience of childern from 2 to 5 understanding the undercurrent rules of Russian. It states such tendencies as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;experimenting (- Дай другую логу! - логу instead of ложку. In fact, why not :) ? But we never say so, of course).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;creating one's own etymology: Паутина (cobweb) -&gt; паукина (as it has a spider, or паук there).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Widening the semantics: - Облака-то сняли! Сняли с неба облака! (we Russians don't 'take off' clouds from the sky).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess that's about it but the examples are fantastic! If you're interested in the book, you can find it on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.chukfamily.ru/Kornei/Prosa/Ot2do5/Ot2do5.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.chukfamily.ru/Kornei/Prosa/Ot2do5/Ot2do5.htm&lt;/a&gt;. If you don't understand the Russian there, you can mail me to mari_belova@mail.ru. I've read the book and enjoyed it and I hope that you will enjoy it too!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, as a linguist, I had lectures on children's language. So feel free to torture me with your curiosity :)))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="183" LastEditorUserId="8" LastEditDate="2012-07-04T19:58:36.523" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T19:58:36.523" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="386" CreationDate="2012-06-28T05:37:02.740" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can say that there are 3 major cases when a semicolon is used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;it separates two sentences which the author wants to put together for some reason. Usually the sentences themselves are complex and contain commas. The sentences may be independent or they may be conjuncted, where the second part starts with a conjunction such as но, тем не менее, однако:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я давно собирался зайти в гости к этим людям, пригласившим меня еще месяц назад; но я все не мог решиться, и каждый раз, когда я проходил мимо их дома, я невольно ускорял шаги.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;it separates complex conjuncts or subordinated clauses under the same subordination conjunction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он часто думал о ней, о том, что никогда не быть им вместе; что никогда не сможет он посмотреть ей в глаза и честно рассказать о своих чувствах; что никогда не примет она его предложения; что не стоит и пытаться из менить ее вежливо-снисходительное к нему отношение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;finally, it separates enumerated items in a list:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В помещении суда запрещается:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;курить;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;распивать спиртные напитки и находится в нетрезвом виде;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;громко разговаривать.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="104" LastEditDate="2012-06-28T11:32:55.423" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T11:32:55.423" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="287" CreationDate="2012-06-28T05:56:53.373" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Свет usually means not simply &quot;world&quot;, but this world as we know it, as the world on Earth populated by people and animals, with all what is going on on it. For example, Asia, Europe, Africa and so on are &quot;части света&quot;, or you can refer to the Northern America as &quot;Новый свет&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also has a somewhat mythological meaning, especially in usages as &quot;произвести на свет&quot; = &quot;give birth&quot;, &quot;сжить со свету&quot; = &quot;make someone disappear or even die by treating them badly&quot;, &quot;тот свет&quot; = &quot;the other world, the world beyond the grave&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, свет has an older meaning &quot;the society&quot;. Compare: &quot;выйти в свет&quot; = go out on a public event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мир is a more generic notion, it can be used in cases where world means &quot;area&quot; or &quot;region&quot; or &quot;part&quot;. See the examples with &quot;of&quot;-preposition given in Philip Seyfi's answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T05:56:53.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="326" CreationDate="2012-06-28T07:45:27.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best place to find typical usage examples is National Russian Corpora - www. ruscorpora.ru or - in english &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruscorpora.ru/en/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://ruscorpora.ru/en/index.html&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Mind that you can customize subcorpora ( if you need modern usage for example), or search collocations or grammatical patterns. You can also download results or see them in Key-word-in-context view.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="187" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T07:45:27.337" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-09-15T11:34:31.857" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="392" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="397" CreationDate="2012-06-28T07:57:46.563" Score="8" ViewCount="4324" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say we have a native Russian speaker, who never learned or heard Church Slavonic. If he listens to a text in this language (I mean contemporary CS as used by today's Orthodox Church and with Russian pronunciation), how much would he understand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="145" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-09-27T12:55:43.877" LastActivityDate="2020-09-27T12:55:43.877" Title="What is the understanding of Church Slavonic among Russian native speakers?" Tags="&lt;other-languages&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="393" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="396" CreationDate="2012-06-28T08:08:36.877" Score="18" ViewCount="6310" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пить таблетки&quot; (literally &quot;drink pills&quot;) is a commonly used phrase.  But why is it &quot;пить&quot; (&quot;drink&quot;)?  Naturally, pills are solid and thus can't be &quot;drunk&quot; in a traditional sense.  There is phrase &quot;есть таблетки&quot; (&quot;eat pills&quot;), but it's more of a slang.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My best guess is that the phrase came from the time when most if not all medicine was in liquid form: sirups, infusions, etc. - but I'd like somebody with a better knowledge to confirm/deny it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2013-05-24T12:47:08.957" Title="Why &quot;пить таблетки&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="374" CreationDate="2012-06-28T08:08:50.217" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russia &quot;&lt;em&gt;до свиданья&lt;/em&gt;&quot; can be used in either case of terminating the communication. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is a voice or tete-a-tete conversation, then &quot;&lt;em&gt;до свиданья&lt;/em&gt;&quot; will have different meanings depending on the intonation. These meanings include (but are not limited to) friendly &quot;&lt;em&gt;see you later&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;hope to see you soon&lt;/em&gt;&quot; etc., or a disappointed &quot;&lt;em&gt;hope to never see you again&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="188" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2017-07-22T11:04:38.170" LastActivityDate="2017-07-22T11:04:38.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="393" CreationDate="2012-06-28T08:18:13.327" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because you have to chase the pills down with water. Eating would also suggest chewing the pills rather than swallowing them. You can also say &lt;em&gt;глотать таблетки&lt;/em&gt; (swallow pills), but it implies that there are quite a few pills being taken. Another way to say it is &lt;em&gt;принимать лекарства&lt;/em&gt; (take medicines), but it is not specific to pills; &lt;em&gt;принимать таблетки&lt;/em&gt; seems slightly weird colloquially, but is often used in instructions that come with pills.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-05-24T12:47:08.957" LastActivityDate="2013-05-24T12:47:08.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="392" CreationDate="2012-06-28T08:46:47.250" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe there is no &quot;correct&quot; answer to this question: too much depends on other qualities of a person in question, such as having &quot;a good ear&quot; to languages and knowing other Slavic tongues. As &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/208/47&quot;&gt;already discussed&lt;/a&gt;, many Russians claim to understand Ukrainian and even Polish and Bulgarian, but practical experiments show that this is not a common place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having dealt with Church Slavonic a little, both written and spoken, I can say for myself that it is basically not understandable. In a church, people often understand it &quot;by context&quot; and would probably be unable to explain what a particular word means. But even more so, they are just used to express some feelings using particular words (prayers), and would be unable to express or understand anything else using the same vocabulary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A typical example is a traditional Easter greeting in Russia, &lt;em&gt;Христос воскресе!&lt;/em&gt;. We do not say &lt;em&gt;Христос воскрес!&lt;/em&gt; because it would immediately make it non-religious, which is an important aspect of this phrase. However in no other context would a normal person use the form &lt;em&gt;воскресе&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can compare this situation with the use of Latin in medicine. Although doctors traditionally study this language and even use it in daily practice, most of them would probably be unable to understand Horatius or Vergilius without translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T08:53:02.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="398" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-28T09:54:13.047" Score="5" ViewCount="248" Body="&lt;p&gt;The context of usage is the following. Someone causes inconvenience to others and wants to seem polite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example a development company will surround a piece of territory with a fence, start construction works there and want to declare &lt;em&gt;&quot;We're building a house here. Sorry for the inconvenience&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. The second part can be spelled in either of the two ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Приносим извинения за доставленные неудобства. &lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Просим извинить за доставленные неудобства.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Option 1 to me sounds like &lt;em&gt;&quot;We've dumped our apologies in front of you, do whatever you want now.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; and option 2 sounds more like &lt;em&gt;&quot;We've asked for forgiveness, you decide whether you forgive us.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; So to me option 1 is not apologizing at all although it is typically used like 98% of the times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which one is actually more appropriate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="191" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-07-03T07:39:47.253" LastActivityDate="2012-07-03T07:39:47.253" Title="Which is more appropriate - &quot;просим извинить&quot; or &quot;приносим извинения&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="399" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="392" CreationDate="2012-06-28T10:44:41.860" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure if it answers your question, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian has borrowed &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; much from CS, and CS was influenced by Russian too (though to much lesser extent of course).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There two aspects in understanding: grammar and vocabulary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;CS words can be split into the following categories:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Russian loanwords (borrowed from CS into Russian) with Russian correspondense lost or rarely used, also words which have not diverged: &lt;em&gt;священник, время, плен, нужда, враг, одежда&lt;/em&gt; etc. Those words are best comprehended.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;CS words not diverged with Russian or with Russian parallels: &lt;em&gt;чаша, огнь, сребро, крава&lt;/em&gt; etc. Those are understood quite easily (but of course better with some practice). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Russian loanwords which diverged in meaning: &lt;em&gt;колодезь/кладезь, горячий/горящий, текучий/текущий, сиять/зиять&lt;/em&gt; etc. Those are comprehensible but can cause trouble in picking correct meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Words with Russian correspondense diverged in meaning but not form: &lt;em&gt;язык, глагол, муж, жена, честный, бремя&lt;/em&gt; etc. Those words are comprehensible but can cause serious trouble due to conflicting Russian semantics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Words with no direct Russian correspondence: mostly functional parts of speech, but also pronouns, adverbs and some verbs and nouns too: &lt;em&gt;егда, иже, паки; брашно, вретище, мирница&lt;/em&gt; etc. Those are the hardest.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The grammar of CS is very different in all aspects: verbs govern other cases, tenses have changed completely etc, postfixes do not correspond to Russian ones etc. This is also a very   hard part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just picked a random Bible quote (Judith 5:9, in modern orthography):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И рече Бог их: да изыдут от пришествия своего и да идут в землю Ханааню, и вселишася тамо, и умножишася златом и сребром и скоты многими зело&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which in translation would give&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но Бог их сказал, чтобы они вышли из места переселения и шли в землю Ханаанскую; они поселились там и весьма обогатились золотом, серебром и множеством скота.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or, in KJV&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Then their God commanded them to depart from the place where they sojourned, and to go into the land of Canaan: where they dwelt, and were increased with gold and silver, and with very much cattle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So we have:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Changed tense in &lt;em&gt;сказал&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Changed prefix, tense and government in &lt;em&gt;вышли&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пришествие&lt;/em&gt; was loaned and changed meaning&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Changed tense in &lt;em&gt;идут&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ханаанскую&lt;/em&gt; changed suffix and postfix&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;поселились&lt;/em&gt; changed tense and prefix&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Умножать&lt;/em&gt; was loaned and changed meaning; also tense&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Зело&lt;/em&gt; is incomprehensible in Russian&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So an &quot;average&quot; Russian would probably understand the following: God did something and there was a trip (by someone) to somewhere called &lt;em&gt;земля Ханааня&lt;/em&gt; and there was a settlement there which dealt somehow with gold, silver and lots of cattle (or probably rude people).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2012-06-28T15:25:52.920" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T15:25:52.920" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="398" CreationDate="2012-06-28T11:19:58.570" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a feeling that &quot;Приносим извинения&quot; is more formal way of talking (which I think is more suitable in case of development company) and &quot;Просим извинить&quot; is more personal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="130" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T11:19:58.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="398" CreationDate="2012-06-28T11:54:39.493" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do you really want them to decide whether they forgive you and send you a response?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think, no. What you want is to just inform them that you acknowledge your guilt. In that case, just use &quot;приносим извинения&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T11:54:39.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="398" CreationDate="2012-06-28T11:56:40.210" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have never heard or seen &quot;просим извинить&quot;. On the opposite, &quot;приносим извинения&quot; is almost a bureaucratic cliché by now. It is seen in all kinds of written signs in public institutions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T11:56:40.210" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="335" CreationDate="2012-06-28T12:27:40.123" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw many instances of both uses. One example of &quot;Эвклид&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.univer.omsk.su/omsk/Edu/Math/eevklid.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.univer.omsk.su/omsk/Edu/Math/eevklid.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T12:27:40.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="404" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="405" CreationDate="2012-06-28T12:48:51.317" Score="59" ViewCount="6706" Body="&lt;p&gt;In schools, it is taught that Modern Russian has 6 cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Nominative (Именительный)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Genitive (Родительный)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Dative (Дательный)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Accusative (Винительный)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Instrumental (Творительный)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Prepositional (Предложный)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here on RLU, there are mentions of other lesser-known cases that are perhaps not universally accepted as full-blown cases of Modern Russian, but sure have their peculiarities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The Vocative(Звательный) and Neo-Vocative. (Mentioned in the question &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/195/71&quot;&gt;Миш, Кать, Ань, пап, мам — what is it in an address?&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The Partitive(Частичный). mentioned &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/194/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%8E-vs-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8F-what-ending-is-correct/196#196&quot;&gt;in this answer&lt;/a&gt; by myself.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also the so-called &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The Locative Case (Местный Падеж) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;that is usually united with the Prepositional Case, but for many words differs in form. E.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;о лесе (Prep.) - в лесу(Loc.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  о саде (Prep.) - в саду(Loc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what are other lesser-known cases? &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/194/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%8E-vs-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8F-what-ending-is-correct/196#comment872_196&quot;&gt;A comment by Anixx&lt;/a&gt; goes as far as to claim there are 15 cases in Russian. It would be interesting and useful to list them in one place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2019-09-02T09:05:49.187" Title="What are the lesser known Russian cases?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="55" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="404" CreationDate="2012-06-28T12:52:28.953" Score="77" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most extensive list is as follows (totally, 16):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Именительный (Nominative)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Родительный  (Genitive)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Отделительный (Частичный) (Partitive)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;хочу выпить весь чай (Accusative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;хочу выпить немного чаю (Partitive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ждательный&lt;/strong&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;жду письмо (Accusative), отправленное вчера &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;жду письма (Ждательный) от мамы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дательный (Dative)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Счетный I (Numerative I)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;на этой шкале нет граммов (Genitive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пуля весит девять грамм (Numerative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Счетный II (Numerative II)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не прошло и ча́са (Genitive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;это заняло три часа́ (Numerative) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Винительный (Accusative)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Включительный (Превратительный) (Translative)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;стрелять в президента (Accusative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;избрать в президенты (Translative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Творительный (Instrumental)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Предложный (Prepositional)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Местный (Locative)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;в лесе (Prepositional) много пользы &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;в лесу (Locative) растут грибы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Исходный (Ablative)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;гулял в лесý (Locative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вышел и́з лесу (Ablative) (difference in the stress)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Лишительный (Abessive)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ни дня без строчки (Genitive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ни единого разу (Abessive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Звательный старый (Old Vocative)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;господь (Nominative) бог&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;господи, боже мой (Old Vocative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Звательный новый (Neo-Vocative)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;хороший дядя (Nominative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;дядь, пойдём (Neo-Vocative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that no source gives them all, but all of them can be found in at least some sources.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you ask me, I would accept only a few of them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Nominative&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1a. Vocative&lt;/strong&gt; (new Vocative only)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Genitive&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2a. Partivive&lt;/strong&gt; (-у,-ю-Genitive, also including Abessive and Ждательный listed above)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2b. Numerative&lt;/strong&gt; (special use for units of measurement)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Dative&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4. Accusative&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5. Instrumental&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6. Prepositional&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6a. Locative&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In sum, 10.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2019-08-02T10:35:20.377" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T10:35:20.377" CommentCount="24" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="406" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="408" CreationDate="2012-06-28T13:28:51.797" Score="7" ViewCount="398" Body="&lt;p&gt;What caused complex plural forms in Russian? Were they borrowed from another language, inherited from Old Russian, or is there another reason why they appeared?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By &quot;complex plural forms&quot; I mean the special plural form of nouns when they follow numerals:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;одно яблоко, одна ошибка (singular)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  зеленые яблоки (plural) &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  два яблока, две ошибки (complex plural)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  пятнадцать яблок, пятнадцать ошибок (complex plural)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="122" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-20T19:49:53.917" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T08:31:14.083" Title="The origin of complex plural forms " Tags="&lt;множественное-число&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="406" CreationDate="2012-06-28T15:10:39.157" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Historically, the numeral &lt;code&gt;два&lt;/code&gt; required a special dual number (&lt;em&gt;два крыле&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;двѣ нозѣ&lt;/em&gt;), and the other numerals were usual female nouns, which governed their objects just like any other female noun would: &lt;em&gt;пять монет / горсть монет&lt;/em&gt;, similar to &lt;em&gt;пятёрка монет&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later, when the dual number fell, its forms corresponding to &lt;em&gt;два&lt;/em&gt; were rethought as sg. gen., and the words &lt;em&gt;три&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;четыре&lt;/em&gt; accepted this paradigm too (because they were not of third declension, and were influenced by paradigm of demonstrative pronoun &lt;em&gt;те&lt;/em&gt; in plural).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-28T22:14:45.317" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T22:14:45.317" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="393" CreationDate="2012-06-28T17:33:13.123" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the reasons given by @kotekzot, &lt;code&gt;пить лекарства&lt;/code&gt; (literally &quot;to drink medicine&quot;) is often used to mean &quot;to take medicine&quot;. This does seem to suggest that medicine was typically liquid and that the word &lt;code&gt;пить&lt;/code&gt; was transferred to pills, since you have to wash them down with water anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T17:33:13.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="411" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="398" CreationDate="2012-06-28T20:23:31.827" Score="1" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Приносим извинения за доставленные неудобства.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can be thought of as dropping the letter into the mailbox and forgetting about it. This is a passive form of saying &quot;yup. i screwed up. move on.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Просим извинить за доставленные неудобства.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can be thought of as delivering the letter to someone and waiting for their signature. In this case you are more active in seeking forgiveness. You are also actively asking them to take an action (forgive you)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="39" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T20:23:31.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="122" CreationDate="2012-06-28T20:32:58.420" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are not only those starting with а- but also those starting with э-. This is because the regular sound changes between Proto-Indo-European and modern Russian include the iotization of the first vowels a and e.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2012-06-28T23:27:57.713" LastActivityDate="2012-06-28T23:27:57.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23" CreationDate="2012-06-29T00:03:18.713" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я в экстазе от новой работы&lt;/strong&gt; :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But more colloquial form would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я в восторге от новой работы&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-06-29T00:03:18.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="52" CreationDate="2012-06-29T00:32:59.020" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think &amp;quot;про&amp;quot; implies certain narrative or a certain concrete thought.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думала о тебе - I thought about you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думала про тебя, что ты алкоголик - I thought about you that you're a drunkard. (&amp;quot;о&amp;quot; is bad here)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне рассказывали о тебе - I was told about you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне рассказывали про тебя ужасные вещи - I was told bad things about you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also say that whеn referring to a person not introduced before, you better use &amp;quot;про&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Девушки рассказывали про своих молодых людей - The girls were telling about their boyfriends (this kind of implies that you did not know about them before or at least they are not familiar to you)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Девушки рассказывали о моем молодом человеке - The girls were telling about my boyfriend&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but when there is narrative&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Девушки рассказывали плохие вещи про моего молодого человека - The girls were saying bad things about my boyfriend&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Девушки рассказывали про плохое поведение моего молодого человека - The girls were telling about the bad behavior of my boyfriend&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general if you learn something new and concrete, you usually use &amp;quot;про&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you love a man and just want to say that you are thinking about him and being with him, you say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думала о тебе - I thought about you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you thought what to do with him (or with your relations) then you would use &amp;quot;про&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думала про тебя... Я думаю, нам лучше расстаться. - I thought about what to do with you (with our relations). I think we better part ways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;о&amp;quot; implies intimate thoughts about a person while &amp;quot;про&amp;quot; implies some distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думал про тебя. Я думаю, мы найдем применение твоим способностям даже не смотря на то, что других сотрудников уволят. - I thought about [what to do with] you. I think we can make use of your talents, even though other coworkers are going to be fired.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думал о тебе - тебе будет нелегко после смерти матери. - I thought about you. I think it will be difficult for you after the death of your mother.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-02-07T00:11:23.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="37" CreationDate="2012-06-29T01:16:47.140" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не знаю, на сколько это важно/полезно, но...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Может быть, это и не важно, но...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-06-29T01:16:47.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="418" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="434" CreationDate="2012-06-29T07:58:19.017" Score="13" ViewCount="579" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question comes from the discussion &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/409/185&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and is a little bit geeky =)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was suggested that there may be a new case in Russian: Счетный (Numerative).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an instance of this case, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/194/anixx&quot;&gt;Anixx&lt;/a&gt; gave the following example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;на этой шкале нет граммов (Genitive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пуля весит девять грамм (Numerative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it seems to me that the word &quot;грамм&quot; is two different lexemes with different paradigms. These words mean different things in the examples above: one is a unit of weight and the other one is a mark on a scale. It is two different words, but both are in Genitive case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First word: &quot;грамм&quot; - a unit of weight, Genitive: &quot;грамм&quot; (Alternative &quot;граммов&quot; is also possible, but in my opinion &quot;грамм&quot; sounds better).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second word: &quot;грамм&quot; - a mark on a scale, Genitive: &quot;граммов&quot; (&quot;грамм&quot; is not acceptable).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question: do you think that there is such case as Numerative? If yes, give more examples, if no, do you think that the separation of the word &quot;грамм&quot; on two lexemes is justified?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-07-03T09:36:18.180" Title="&quot;нет грамм&quot; vs. &quot;нет граммов&quot;: a new case or two different words with separate paradigms?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="419" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1305" CreationDate="2012-06-29T08:04:26.233" Score="13" ViewCount="2164" Body="&lt;p&gt;In many cases, you can find that words which initially appear to be absolute synonyms actually have slight differences in meaning, so that one can be used in a specific setting while the other cannot. Is there such a difference for &lt;em&gt;кидать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;бросать&lt;/em&gt;, or are they completely interchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="113" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T15:36:44.913" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T16:19:52.527" Title="Is there a difference between &quot;кидать&quot; and &quot;бросать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="420" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="746" CreationDate="2012-06-29T08:21:05.627" Score="4" ViewCount="836" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a standard Russian pronunciation? If yes, what are its most important features, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;quality of vowel reduction ([о], [е], and maybe other vowels in unstressed positions);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;pronunciation of &quot;e&quot; that stems from &quot;ять&quot; (as in хлеб);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;consonant palatalization and assimilation (дождь: [дош':] vs. [дош'т'] vs. [дошт'], клизма: [кл'из'мъ] vs. [кл'измъ]);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;pronunciation of [г], [р], [в];&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;stress in present verbs 3rd sg (звонит) and in plural nouns (торты).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe that there was once a standard way to pronounce words. All Soviet actors were supposed to learn to pronounce endings of some adjectives without palatalization. For example, they would say стро[гы]й, not стро[г'и]й. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But is there a pronunciation norm now? Or is there only a bunch of accents, different for different parts of the country?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-25T21:12:07.893" LastActivityDate="2014-02-26T11:55:27.700" Title="Pronunciation norm" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="419" CreationDate="2012-06-29T08:59:59.650" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Бросить курить&lt;/em&gt; (to give up smoking) but not &lt;em&gt;кинуть курить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-06-29T08:59:59.650" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="423" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="419" CreationDate="2012-06-29T09:14:29.747" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Бросить can be employed in metaphorical cases such as &amp;quot;бросить взгляд&amp;quot; (cast a gaze), &amp;quot;кинуть взгляд&amp;quot; is weird (for me). More examples (from Lingvo):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;бросать обвинение — hurl an accusation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;бросать реплику — fling (out) a remark&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;бросить (обидные) слова кому-либо в лицо - fling (nasty) words at somebody \ into somebody's teeth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-29T09:14:29.747" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="424" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-06-29T09:33:33.460" Score="10" ViewCount="1881" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anybody know good exercises to learn to pronounce /ы/, /ч/, /щ/ and palatalized consonants?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-06-29T10:32:57.627" LastActivityDate="2012-07-31T19:00:13.803" Title="Pronunciation exercises" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;обучение&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="419" CreationDate="2012-06-29T09:39:12.543" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Бросать&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;to leave, get rid of, or stop doing something&amp;quot; e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;бросить работу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;бросить курить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;бросить семью&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(с)бросить бомбу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a fleur of a passiveness in this word. &lt;em&gt;Бросить реплику&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;бросить взгляд&lt;/em&gt; means to say or to look at smth. briefly, without much attention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;em&gt;кинуть&lt;/em&gt; on the contrary implies active action. That's why &lt;em&gt;кинуть кого-то&lt;/em&gt; is a really bad thing to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As always, there are exceptions. One can say &lt;em&gt;бросать гранату&lt;/em&gt; and mean a really active and thoughtful deed, not &amp;quot;to get rid of a grenade&amp;quot; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-06-29T09:39:12.543" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="398" CreationDate="2012-06-29T09:39:14.000" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess I have figured out what feels wrong with &quot;просим извинить&quot;. &quot;Извинения&quot; is not something that you ask for, it is something that you give. If you want to ask for something, it would rather be &quot;прощение&quot;, i.e. &quot;Прошу прощения&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it is believed that you choose &quot;приносить извинения&quot; when you are about to break bad and you choose &quot;просить прощения&quot; when you have already misbehaved or caused trouble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2012-06-29T09:39:14.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="424" CreationDate="2012-06-29T10:41:02.130" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not suitable for everyone, but an analytical mind will find valuable information in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Russian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA#Consonants&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA#Consonants&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quite theoretical, though.&#xA;Allows to have a deep understanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For auditive memory, you obviously need something else, this is more something for people working with visual memory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="173" LastActivityDate="2012-06-29T10:41:02.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="418" CreationDate="2012-06-29T10:58:06.523" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Zaliznyak in &lt;em&gt;О понимании термина &quot;падеж&quot;&lt;/em&gt; argues that semantics of the declined noun should never be taken into account when defining cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Покажем эту связь на примере. Если при описании русского языка принята классическая 6-падежная схема (и, следовательно, например, у номинатемы &lt;em&gt;сад&lt;/em&gt; в клетке предложного падежа находятся сегменты сад и саду), то невозможно дать никаких стандартных правил управления, в частности, для ситуации S1, (контекст «говорить о...»; семантическая роль «предмет разговора») или ситуации S2, (контекст «находиться в...»; семантическаи роль «место, где нечто находится»). В самом деле, нельзя сказать &lt;em&gt;говорить о саду&lt;/em&gt; или &lt;em&gt;находиться в виде&lt;/em&gt;. Это значит, что ситуации S1 и S2, совместимые с номинатемой &lt;em&gt;сад&lt;/em&gt;, не допускают для нее предложного падежа (поскольку каждая из них допускает лишь один сегмент из соответствующей клетки). S1 и S2 не допускают для номинатемы &lt;em&gt;сад&lt;/em&gt; также никакого другого падежа. Следовательно, никакие стандартные правила управления для этих ситуаций невозможны. Если же признать существование двух предложных падежей, то для S1 и S2, становятся возможными простые правила управления: S1 всегда допускает обычный (1-й) предложный падеж; S2 всегда допускает 2-й предложный падеж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also other measure units with a null postfix in what here is called numerative: &lt;em&gt;ампер, вольт, моль, ангстрем, ренгтен&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Introducing a separate lexeme for each of them in a sense &quot;applied unit vs. abstract unit&quot; (and not doing the same for, say, &lt;em&gt;литр&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;метр&lt;/em&gt;) would be too far on the wrong side of Occam's razor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-29T11:08:54.033" LastActivityDate="2012-06-29T11:08:54.033" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="429" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="431" CreationDate="2012-06-29T13:53:32.290" Score="7" ViewCount="377" Body="&lt;p&gt;When are bird legs called &lt;em&gt;ноги&lt;/em&gt; and when are they called &lt;em&gt;лапы&lt;/em&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can see that it is different for different birds, &lt;em&gt;ноги&lt;/em&gt; for a stork, &lt;em&gt;лапы&lt;/em&gt; for a sparrow. Sometimes you can use both word for the legs of the same bird, for instance, &lt;em&gt;куриные ножки&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;куриная лапа&lt;/em&gt;, but there is a difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="153" LastEditDate="2012-07-03T10:56:50.180" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T08:18:31.070" Title="How to refer to bird legs: &quot;нога&quot; or &quot;лапа&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="418" CreationDate="2012-06-29T14:00:53.123" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your question seems to be assuming that singular and plural are the only &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;grammatical numbers&lt;/a&gt;. This assumptions isn't true for most Slavic languages, in particularly it isn't true for Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;When you are counting things..&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;..then the rules are way more complicated, e.g. there is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_%28grammatical_number%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dual&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;  два   грамма&#xA;  двух  грамм&#xA;  двум  граммам&#xA;  два   грамма&#xA;  двумя граммами&#xA;о двух  граммах&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look closely, this declination doesn't match either the singular or the plural declination of the word &lt;code&gt;грамм&lt;/code&gt;. As you noticed, some words also have a special &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;numeral form&lt;/a&gt; for numbers other than 2, 3, 4 and it also has its own declination rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;  девять  грамм&#xA;  девяти  граммов&#xA;  девяти  граммам&#xA;  девять  грамм&#xA;  девятью граммами&#xA;о девяти  граммах &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This declination mostly matches plural with the exception of Nominative and Accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;To sum up&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is only one word but grammatical numbers other than singular and plural make declination more complicated than what you learn in school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="206" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-02-13T11:07:14.750" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="429" CreationDate="2012-06-29T14:11:02.253" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you look up &quot;ноги аиста&quot; and &quot;лапы аиста&quot; on Google you will find both forms. Looking closely, there is a difference in usage - a common attribute for &quot;ноги&quot; is &quot;длинные&quot; (long), a common attribute for &quot;лапы&quot; is &quot;когтистые&quot; (clawed). And this is a good hint for the difference between the two words: &quot;ноги&quot; actually means &quot;legs&quot; whereas &quot;лапы&quot; means &quot;feet&quot;. So these words are related but no synonyms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="206" LastActivityDate="2012-06-29T14:11:02.253" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18" CreationDate="2012-06-29T15:37:24.830" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, try saying the plural of both words: &lt;code&gt;кон -&amp;gt; коны&lt;/code&gt; (accent in &quot;ы&quot;), &lt;code&gt;конь -&amp;gt; кони&lt;/code&gt; (accent on &quot;o&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now try to separate the word &lt;code&gt;кони&lt;/code&gt; into two phonemes (phonetic parts) - &lt;code&gt;кон&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;. You should feel the lack of the softness at the end of the first phoneme. Now combine again, and try to keep the soft &lt;code&gt;н&lt;/code&gt;, but without the &lt;code&gt;ee&lt;/code&gt; sound produced by the letter &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;. If you still have difficulty, try adding the letter &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; to words with the soft sign; gradually, shorten it as much as possible. Good luck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="173" LastActivityDate="2012-06-29T15:37:24.830" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="434" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="418" CreationDate="2012-06-29T18:37:23.860" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This proposed case has distinct forms for many measure units:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Genitive               Numerative&#xA;&#xA;не хватает годов       пять лет   &#xA;не хватает людей       пять человек   &#xA;не хватает вольтов     пять вольт   &#xA;не хватает амперов     пять ампер   &#xA;не хватает граммов     пять грамм   &#xA;не хватает битов       пять бит   &#xA;не хватает байтов      пять байт   &#xA;не хватает каратов     пять карат   &#xA;не хватает эргов       пять эрг   &#xA;не хватает гауссов     пять гаусс   &#xA;не хватает радианов    пять радиан   &#xA;не хватает кельвинов   пять кельвин   &#xA;не хватает стерадианов пять стерадиан   &#xA;не хватает мегагерцев  пять мегагерц   &#xA;не хватает ангстремов  пять ангстрем   &#xA;не хватает микронов    пять микрон   &#xA;не хватает децибелов   пять децибел   &#xA;не хватает гранов      пять гран   &#xA;не хватает рентгенов   пять рентген   &#xA;не хватает бэров       пять бэр   &#xA;не хватает разов       пять раз&#xA;не хватает аршинов     пять аршин&#xA;не хватает ваттов      пять ватт&#xA;не хватает гектаров    пять гектар&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also many other nouns have distinct forms, such as names of soldiers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Genitive        Numerative&#xA;нет драгун      пять драгунов&#xA;нет гусар       пять гусаров&#xA;нет улан        пять уланов        &#xA;нет кирасир     пять кирасиров     &#xA;нет сарацин     пять сарацинов&#xA;нет гренадёр    пять гренадёров&#xA;нет кадет       пять кадетов&#xA;нет гардемарин  пять гардемаринов&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And things that occur in pairs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Genitive       Numerative&#xA;нет сапог      пять сапогов&#xA;нет чулок      пять чулков&#xA;нет валенок    пять валенков&#xA;нет носок      пять носков&#xA;нет бот        пять ботов&#xA;нет рельс      пять рельсов&#xA;нет погон      пять погонов&#xA;нет манжет     пять манжетов&#xA;нет эполет     пять эполетов&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vegetables:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Genitive               Numerative&#xA;не хватает баклажан    пять баклажанов&#xA;не хватает помидор     пять помидоров &#xA;не хватает патиссон    пять патиссонов&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-07-03T09:36:18.180" LastActivityDate="2016-07-03T09:36:18.180" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="429" CreationDate="2012-06-30T05:11:09.127" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main difference is that &quot;ноги&quot; is legs in general and &quot;лапы&quot; are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%EB%E0%EF%E0&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;either legs or feet of an animal&lt;/a&gt;. So, technically you can use always &quot;ноги&quot;, and it will be correct. It might &lt;strong&gt;feel&lt;/strong&gt; incorrect in some cases for a native speaker, but only because it is much more common to refer to, for example, dog's legs as &quot;лапы&quot;, and not because it is wrong. As a general rule I'd advise to use &quot;лапы&quot; when talking about animals, unless these are hoofed animals. For hoofed animals &quot;ноги&quot; and &quot;копыта&quot; are more common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="156" LastEditorUserId="156" LastEditDate="2012-06-30T08:23:19.573" LastActivityDate="2012-06-30T08:23:19.573" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="436" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="424" CreationDate="2012-06-30T16:09:48.013" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is only a partial answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have learned a useful trick which helps to learn, how to pronounce \ы. The idea is to try to pronounce back consonants with [i:] sound, e.g. &quot;ки&quot;,  and then move one's tongue as if one wants to swallow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2012-06-30T16:09:48.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="437" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="438" CreationDate="2012-06-30T18:41:03.927" Score="11" ViewCount="896" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen copies of &lt;em&gt;War and Peace&lt;/em&gt; with the old orthography. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Does the old form carry a different connotation or meaning than the new? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there a nuance in pronunciation that indicates awareness of this?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="208" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-07T08:26:12.973" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T08:26:12.973" Title="Is it true that the spelling reform changed the meaning of 'War and Peace'?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="437" CreationDate="2012-06-30T19:14:39.367" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it's not true.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian has two homonymous words (both pronounced &lt;em&gt;мир&lt;/em&gt;) for &lt;em&gt;world&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;peace&lt;/em&gt;. Currently, they are homographes as well, but in the old orthography they were written &lt;em&gt;мiръ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;миръ&lt;/em&gt;, accordingly. The is one more word, &lt;em&gt;мѵро&lt;/em&gt; (chrism), spelt using the third version of Russian &lt;code&gt;i&lt;/code&gt;, and in sg. gen. (&lt;em&gt;мѵра&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;мира&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;мiра&lt;/em&gt;) all three words were homophones but not homographes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is an urban legend that the original meaning of the title was &lt;em&gt;War and the World&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;War and Peace&lt;/em&gt; which was lost after the reform.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All known publications have the title spelt as &lt;em&gt;Война и миръ&lt;/em&gt;. There was a typo in &lt;em&gt;Brockhaus &amp;amp; Efron&lt;/em&gt;, the largest Russian encyclopaedia of the time, which is possibly the source for the legend:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/hlv1V.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;Hosted by imgur.com&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the bottom line has the title written correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.peace-and-world.narod.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; you can read more about this (in Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vladimir Mayakovsky wrote a poem in 1915 which was titled &lt;em&gt;Война и мiръ&lt;/em&gt;, a pun on the title of Tolstoy's work. The pun was lost with the orthography reform.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-06-30T19:54:50.330" LastActivityDate="2012-06-30T19:54:50.330" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="439" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="440" CreationDate="2012-07-01T04:19:39.487" Score="4" ViewCount="331" Body="&lt;p&gt;I figured out through its usage and some Google-Fu, that &lt;em&gt;гладить против шерсти&lt;/em&gt; means rubbing the wrong way, but can someone explain to me why &quot;touch/press against the wool&quot;? Where did this phrase come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="131" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-08T00:22:21.683" LastActivityDate="2012-07-08T00:22:21.683" Title="Where did the phrase &quot;гладить против шерсти&quot; come from?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="439" CreationDate="2012-07-01T04:32:23.027" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;They also say: &quot;Не гладь кошку против шерсти&quot;.&#xA;Cats don't like it when you rub them in the direction opposite to the one the fur grows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="213" LastActivityDate="2012-07-01T04:32:23.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="441" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="446" CreationDate="2012-07-01T04:58:35.647" Score="9" ViewCount="947" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Курица - не птица, баба - не человек!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Курица - не птица, Украина (Монголия, и т.д.) - не заграница!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;any other interesting ones?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="131" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-08T00:22:42.683" LastActivityDate="2013-09-19T23:32:53.630" Title="What are some expressions that starts with &quot;курица - не птица&quot;?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="441" CreationDate="2012-07-01T07:18:27.127" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard only &lt;em&gt;Болгария — не заграница&lt;/em&gt;, actually. It has a political background. In the Soviet time, &quot;reliable&quot; people were allowed to go abroad, &lt;em&gt;заграницу&lt;/em&gt;. However, ordinary people had practically no chance to go anywhere outside the socialistic camp, including Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Cuba and some other. And only prominent (actors, musicians, sportsmen) and &quot;very reliable&quot; (usually---KGB- or politburo-related) people could go to such countries as Austria, England, France etc. GDR (DDR) was considered somewhat in between. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rating was based on the consumer experience. In the Soviet Union, there were almost no interesting consumer goods to buy. Going abroad was giving a chance to bring something nice. Obviously, from England or France, with their free market, one could bring nicer things than from planned economy-ruled Poland and Bulgaria. Hence, to the question 'Have you ever been abroad?' there might be a proud answer 'Yes, in Bulgaria' and the scornful &lt;em&gt;Болгария — не заграница&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably, Mongolia could also be a subject of this phrase, however I never heard it. Not many people were going in that direction. Ukraine was not a foreign country at all, since it was inside the USSR. May be, now people apply this phrase to Ukraine as well, but then it's probably a joke. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2012-07-01T07:18:27.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="441" CreationDate="2012-07-01T09:56:39.600" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Курица не птица&lt;/em&gt; is an adage (&lt;em&gt;поговорка&lt;/em&gt;) , a short metaphorical saying, which, unlike proverb (&lt;em&gt;пословица&lt;/em&gt;), lacks a moral on its own and is used to emphasize another sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is used in the form &lt;em&gt;курица не птица, А не Б&lt;/em&gt; (meaning that &lt;code&gt;А&lt;/code&gt; is a &lt;code&gt;Б&lt;/code&gt; only formally, lacking the essential featured of &lt;code&gt;Б&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dahl mentions it as &lt;em&gt;курица не птица, баба не человек&lt;/em&gt; which is a proverb and is probably the origin for this adage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also common are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;… [студентка] (химичка, физичка&lt;/em&gt;, any other technical major) &lt;em&gt;не девица&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;… &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praporshchik&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;прапорщик&lt;/a&gt; не офицер&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;… [some hated car brand here] не машина&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and lots of others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Googling for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.ru/search?q=%22%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%20%2a%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%22%20-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%20-%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;курица не птица * не&quot; -заграница -человек&lt;/a&gt; will yield lots of other usage examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-09-19T23:32:53.630" LastActivityDate="2013-09-19T23:32:53.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="386" CreationDate="2012-07-01T10:23:49.223" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I like this question. My first intention was to say that semicolon was not commonly used in classical Russian and is rather an attribute of either bureaucratic or technical speech. However, a quick look into Rosenthal provided some insight, with which I should agree.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Semicolon is used in a compound sentence, which parts are complex sentences themselves, or just contain commas; usually before conjunctions &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;но&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;однако&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;зато&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;да&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;тоже&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;также&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;же&lt;/em&gt;, less commonly before &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;да&lt;/em&gt; (when it means &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;), and &lt;em&gt;или&lt;/em&gt;. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Шесть лет комиссия возилась около здания; но климат что ли мешал, или материал уже был такой, только никак не шло казенное здание выше фундамента. (Гоголь, &lt;em&gt;Мёртвые души&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Semicolon is also used when a conjunction-less connection is combined with a conjunctional connection, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ветер не мог тут свирепствовать; дорога была гладкая; лошадь ободрилась, и Владимир успокоился. (Пушкин, &lt;em&gt;Метель&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, a semicolon is used instead of a period when the author wants to join generally separate sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бледно-серое небо светлело, холодело, синело; звезды то мигали слабым светом, то исчезали; отсырела земля, запотели листья, кое-где стали раздаваться живые звуки, голоса. (Тургенев, &lt;em&gt;Бежин луг&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2012-07-01T10:23:49.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="448" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6882" CreationDate="2012-07-01T15:22:30.160" Score="14" ViewCount="2674" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference in usage, if any, between дыра and дырка?  For comparison, my impression is that нуль and ноль are largely equivalent except that there are some standard phrases using one word but not the other, phone numbers with 0 use ноль, and technical settings with numbers use нуль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T21:08:29.393" LastActivityDate="2014-07-05T02:56:11.627" Title="What is the difference between дыра and дырка?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;суффиксы&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="449" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="448" CreationDate="2012-07-01T16:13:40.733" Score="23" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Lev Landau submitted a manuscript of a book on solid-state physics to a publishing house. A corrector girl calls him a month later and says: &quot;Prof. Landau, I am awfully sorry, but... you know... you are writing a serious book and are using such a childish language... I have replaced &lt;em&gt;дырка&lt;/em&gt; with &lt;em&gt;отверстие&lt;/em&gt; throughout your book.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grammatically, &lt;em&gt;дырка&lt;/em&gt; is a form of the word &lt;em&gt;дыра&lt;/em&gt;, just like &lt;em&gt;Катя&lt;/em&gt; — &lt;em&gt;Катька&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;рама&lt;/em&gt; — &lt;em&gt;рамка&lt;/em&gt;. In many cases, suffix -к- has a diminutive meaning, and this is just the case here. So one can say &lt;em&gt;большая дыра и маленькая дырка&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &quot;normal&quot; use the word &lt;em&gt;дыра&lt;/em&gt; often implies that there is a defect (&lt;em&gt;дыра в кармане&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;дыра в заборе&lt;/em&gt;), while &lt;em&gt;дырка&lt;/em&gt; can also be considered as a colloquial synonym of the word &lt;em&gt;отверстие&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;дырка в ремне&lt;/em&gt; (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%E4%FB%F0%EA%E0&amp;amp;all=x&quot;&gt;Gramota&lt;/a&gt; for example), &lt;em&gt;дырку в носу проковыряешь&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &lt;em&gt;дырка&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;дыра&lt;/em&gt; have a couple of uses where these are two different words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'black hole' is translated as &lt;em&gt;чёрная дыра&lt;/em&gt; only.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'hole' (in solid-state physics) is translated as &lt;em&gt;дырка&lt;/em&gt; only&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T07:59:23.667" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T07:59:23.667" CommentCount="17" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="450" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="454" CreationDate="2012-07-01T19:06:52.843" Score="18" ViewCount="3935" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yesterday I visited a friend in Oxford.  At some point we stopped at his favourite pub, where, as he said, was &quot;большой выбор пив&quot;. This didn't sound right and got me thinking, but I soon realised that I have no idea what the plural form of &lt;em&gt;пиво&lt;/em&gt; is, let alone its declensions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anybody can shed a light on this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-07-04T08:05:06.037" LastActivityDate="2013-07-04T08:05:06.037" Title="What's the plural for &quot;пиво&quot;?" Tags="&lt;множественное-число&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="450" CreationDate="2012-07-01T20:56:35.400" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пиво&lt;/code&gt; is uncountable, so there is no plural form. In your case, you may have used: &lt;code&gt;большой выбор сортов пива&lt;/code&gt; (there are many brands of beer here).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="216" LastActivityDate="2012-07-01T20:56:35.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="450" CreationDate="2012-07-01T21:17:24.150" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some Russian uncountable nouns do not allow plural (&lt;em&gt;молоко, рис, икра&lt;/em&gt;) while others do (&lt;em&gt;табак / табаки́, водка / во́дки, вино / ви́на&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern language &lt;em&gt;пиво&lt;/em&gt; is not used in plural, though Shakhmatov did provide this form (&lt;em&gt;пив&lt;/em&gt;) as grammatical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal in &lt;em&gt;А как лучше сказать?&lt;/em&gt; writes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отсюда, казалось бы, простой вывод: если есть грузинские вина, то почему не могут быть «чешские пива», тем более что в природе они действительно существуют? И все-таки вы были бы правы в своего возражении: одно дело – теоретическая возможность, а другое – практическое использование (&lt;strong&gt;«чешские или другие пива» – так не говорят&lt;/strong&gt;). &lt;em&gt;(emphasis mine. Q.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оказывается, приведенное выше правило не является универсальным. Не образуют формы множественного числа такие вещественные существительные, как молоко, просо, рис и др., а также названия элементов (золото, серебро, азот, кислород, калий, натрий и т. д.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though almost all Russian nouns are paradigmatically able to form plurals, not all of these plural may be used in language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Misusing the plurals may even lead to confusion, since some uncountable words which don't form plural have homophones in what would be their plural paradigmatically. Compare &lt;em&gt;молоки&lt;/em&gt; (milt), &lt;em&gt;икры&lt;/em&gt; (calves of the legs), &lt;em&gt;рисы&lt;/em&gt; (builders' slang for ancillary marks on elements of construction)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this very sentence, you may just use sg. gen. even with the words which do allow plural: &lt;em&gt;большой выбор пива / табака / водки&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-01T22:34:38.530" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="450" CreationDate="2012-07-01T21:19:35.900" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually you can say &quot;большой выбор пива&quot; or &quot;Вчера я выпил три (3) пива&quot;. It's informally implied that you drank up 3 bottles (or mugs) of beer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="219" LastActivityDate="2012-07-01T21:19:35.900" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="456" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-01T23:04:18.170" Score="4" ViewCount="1937" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Possible Duplicate:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/257/when-to-use-the-genitive-or-the-accusative-in-negative-sentences&quot;&gt;When to use the genitive or the accusative in negative sentences&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've read somewhere that after a negation, the Genitive is more common for the object being negated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When should I use the Genitive case and when the Accusative case? Or other cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose one rule is the Animated/Inanimated distinction, but I'd like the answers to shed some light on this too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T13:06:52.367" Title="What cases are used after negation? What are the rules?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="11" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-07-04T19:56:59.847" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="351" CreationDate="2012-07-02T03:49:52.557" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пошел в баню&quot; doesn't really have to do anything with баня itself, it's just a soft form of &quot;пошел к черту&quot; and some much stronger swear-like expressions starting with &quot;пошел в/пошел на&quot;. There are some other (soft) expressions that are being used with the same purpose, such as &quot;шел бы ты лесом&quot;. Again, &quot;лес&quot; here is irrelevant to the meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="213" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T03:49:52.557" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="419" CreationDate="2012-07-02T09:25:20.983" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no difference between &quot;кидать&quot; and &quot;бросать&quot;. Ideally, &quot;кидать&quot; means to throw further away than &quot;бросать&quot;, especially if there is no need to search for what was thrown away. But I don't think that today speakers bother about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;бросать&quot; means a more intense action directed away from oneself, and it doesn't matter how far away something is thrown. For me this word is close to the meaning of word &quot;breast&quot;, but this is not what the dictionaries say. Vasmer's dictionary also points out that word &quot;brush&quot; comes from the same root as &quot;бросать&quot;, that is, there is one common part of the meaning: abrupt movement. As for &quot;кидать&quot;, Vasmer tells that it means simply to throw smth in order to get rid of it.&#xA;it&#xA;On the contrary, there is definitively a difference in the meaning of derivatives. For verbs &quot;закинуть&quot; and &quot;забросить&quot; (i.e. the action is completed), &quot;закинуть&quot; means a less intense action. For example, I would rather say &quot;забросить мяч в кольцо&quot; than &quot;закинуть мяч в кольцо&quot;. Also &quot;в третий раз закинул старик невод&quot; - the old man threw the net for the third time - he threw it far-far away, but not without a goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Подкинуть&quot; and &quot;перекинуть&quot; mean to throw something heavy, but there is no such thing for &quot;подбросить&quot; and &quot;перебросить&quot;.&#xA;Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Подбросить/подкинуть. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Incorrect: &quot;меня подкинуло&quot;, &quot;подкинуть в воздух&quot;. &#xA;  Better: &quot;Три раза подкинули, один раз поймали.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Докинуть&quot; stresses that the distance was great, &quot;добросить&quot; stresses that the goal was reached.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Скинуть&quot; and &quot;сбросить&quot; are equivalent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Откинуть&quot; means that the thing that was thrown away is not interesting. &quot;Отбросить&quot; means that the thing was thrown away violently and deliberately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вбросить&quot; exists while it is not really possible to say &quot;вкинуть&quot; (unless you say to throw something rather big (a man, for example) into a place which is approximately equally big (into a window)).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course it is all only my humble opinion and it all is based on my own knowledge of Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="224" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-04T10:11:09.180" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T10:11:09.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="459" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="461" CreationDate="2012-07-02T11:10:12.687" Score="6" ViewCount="1107" Body="&lt;p&gt;I cannot find a good way to translate such expressions as &lt;em&gt;It made me feel good (bad)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian verb &lt;em&gt;заставить&lt;/em&gt; means to make somebody do something against their will, and doesn't really fit here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Verbs such as &lt;em&gt;опечалить&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;обрадовать&lt;/em&gt; are very good translations for phrases such as &lt;em&gt;it makes me feel sad (happy)&lt;/em&gt;. Are there appropriate verbs for &lt;em&gt;It made me feel good (bad)&lt;/em&gt; examples?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T22:13:14.843" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T22:13:14.843" Title="Russian translation for &quot;it made me feel good (bad)&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="459" CreationDate="2012-07-02T12:31:24.533" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian people uses &quot;похорошело&quot; и &quot;поплохело&quot;. For example:&#xA;First glass of beer made me feel good.&#xA;От первого бокала пива мне похорошело.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But next bottle of whiskey mad me feel bad.&#xA;Но от следующей бутылки виски мне поплохело.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure that this variant is 100% correct and corresponds to Russian grammar but it's usable and everyone will understand you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="226" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T12:31:24.533" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="459" CreationDate="2012-07-02T12:55:45.123" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would use the verb &lt;em&gt;стать&lt;/em&gt; here&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне (от этого) стало хорошо/плохо/весело/грустно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it's a pretty accurate translation of &lt;em&gt;It makes/made/will make me feel ...&lt;/em&gt; in all the tenses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It makes me feel sad. От этого мне становится грустно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It made me feel sad. От этого мне стало грустно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It will make me feel sad. От этого мне станет грустно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would make me feel sad. От этого мне стало бы грустно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T13:16:32.950" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="456" CreationDate="2012-07-02T13:06:52.367" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, nothing changes when negating any part of the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The predicate:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я люблю шокалад. I like chocolate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не люблю шоколад. I don't like chocolate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The subject:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не я люблю шоколад (, а она). It's not me that likes chocolate(, it's her).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The object&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я люблю не шоколад(, а какао). It's not chocolate that I like(, but cocoa)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The cases remain the same regardless if it's the direct object or indirect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference occurs when the verb is &lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;, explicitly or implicitly, which, when negated, becomes &lt;em&gt;нет&lt;/em&gt;, which requires genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Explicit:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня есть сестра. I have a sister.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня нет сестры. I don't have a sister.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Implicit:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне двадцать два года. I am twenty-two years old.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нет двадцати двух лет. I am younger than twenty-two years old.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне не двадцать два года. I am not twenty-two years old.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between the last two examples is that in the first sentence the implicit verb is negated and becomes &lt;em&gt;нет&lt;/em&gt; and thus requires genitive, whereas in the second example, the implicit verb remains implicit, and 22 is negated, so nothing changes, you just add &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; to the part you negate, in this case, the numeral. Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T13:06:52.367" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="463" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="464" CreationDate="2012-07-02T15:06:05.703" Score="10" ViewCount="3320" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has anyone ever thought why in swearing people use not only the imperative &quot;иди&quot;, but also (and even more frequently) the form &quot;пошёл&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T18:38:30.380" LastActivityDate="2016-07-07T06:30:25.507" Title="Swearing: &quot;пошёл на ...&quot; vs. &quot;иди на ...&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;мат&gt;&lt;tense&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="463" CreationDate="2012-07-02T15:18:49.623" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;The past tense is used not only in swearing but also in very rude commands. A very angry teacher, for example, could tell her student:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну-ка встал и вышел из класса!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a vivid example I remembered the infamous scandal about the Russian pop singer Philippe Kirkorov who was very rude to a journalist. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUdhddAddds&amp;amp;t=0m42s&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;At this point in this video&lt;/a&gt; he starts using constructs in question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Взяла и ушла отсюда! (with incorrect stress on взяла)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Встали и ушли! (uses polite plural form, feel the irony :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... Встала и ушла отсюда! (to hell with the plural form :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an intuitive speculation, I think that the past tense is used because it implies that you're not asking, rather, it's as if so certain that the other person will obey that you can as well use the past tense! Something like that :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another variation of this phenomenon could be considered the using of first person plural past for insisting (but not rude) requests:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Побежали! (instead of Побежим!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пошли! (instead of Пойдём!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-03T00:19:36.210" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="467" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="491" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:42:33.180" Score="16" ViewCount="1600" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know there is a word in Russian that describes all the print media — &lt;em&gt;пресса&lt;/em&gt;. Is there any word in Russian that would describe only radio and television?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T22:25:08.857" LastActivityDate="2015-06-18T16:05:15.810" Title="A Russian word describing radio and television" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="467" CreationDate="2012-07-02T17:50:07.230" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know any word or phrase that specifically describes radio and television. The more general term for all the media is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;средства массовой информации (or simply СМИ, pronounsed /smi/ rather than /es-em-i/)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Things that pertain to radio and TV are usually called using something like &amp;quot;радио и телевидение&amp;quot; . E.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Музей телевидения и радио&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Институт телевидения и радиовещания.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest thing that I can think of is broadcast, which would be translated to Russian as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вещ&lt;b&gt;а&lt;/b&gt;ние&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, if you want to be more specific about it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;теле- и радиовещание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T17:50:07.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="471" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T20:56:36.147" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please note that as it stands in our FAQ,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Questions asking for translations are off-topic unless prior research effort is clearly indicated; we're here to help you learn, not provide a bulk translation service.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-04-02T10:56:46.940" LastActivityDate="2019-04-02T10:56:46.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="472" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T20:56:36.147" Score="0" Body="All questions about translation of words, phrases, idioms or collocations from English to Russian. Read the FAQ section about translations; questions asking for translations are off-topic unless prior research effort is clearly indicated." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-04-02T10:57:22.190" LastActivityDate="2019-04-02T10:57:22.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="473" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T20:59:28.570" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T20:59:28.570" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T20:59:28.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="474" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T20:59:28.570" Score="0" Body="Now covers questions about the usage of the Russian language in other countries." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-09T20:56:00.097" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T20:56:00.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="475" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T21:02:43.963" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:02:43.963" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:02:43.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="476" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T21:02:43.963" Score="0" Body="Exercises, books, resources for learning Russian." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-04T10:12:58.960" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T10:12:58.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="477" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T21:03:38.127" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:03:38.127" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:03:38.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="478" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T21:03:38.127" Score="0" Body="Very similar to the translation tag." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-04T10:12:48.477" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T10:12:48.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="479" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T21:05:53.803" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:05:53.803" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:05:53.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="480" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T21:05:53.803" Score="0" Body="Includes questions about plural forms of particular words as well as more general questions about the usage and formation of plural forms of nouns. Maybe it should be renamed into &quot;number&quot;?" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-04T10:13:01.190" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T10:13:01.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="481" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T21:08:18.247" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:08:18.247" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:08:18.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="482" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T21:08:18.247" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding the usage and formation of verbal tense (future, present or past)." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-04T10:13:05.340" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T10:13:05.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="483" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-02T21:09:34.377" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-02T21:09:34.377" LastActivityDate="2012-07-02T21:09:34.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="484" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-02T21:09:34.377" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding the meaning, usage, formation and translation of aspectual forms of Russian verbs." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-04T10:12:43.750" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T10:12:43.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="485" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="486" CreationDate="2012-07-02T21:38:34.547" Score="12" ViewCount="1370" Body="&lt;p&gt;During my Russian classes and later, I never felt comfortable with the expressions &quot;to take an exam&quot; and &quot;to pass an exam&quot; as сдавать экзамен and сдать экзамен. It doesn't seem to me like taking an exam and passing it are honest aspectual pairs, but two very different ideas.  The act of taking an exam has no definite implications that you will pass it, so why should taking the exam and passing be an aspectual pair? Do сдавать/сдать экзамен really refer to something that is not quite the same as taking or passing an exam, so the usual translations of these into English is missing some small point?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some related questions on this theme:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) If my exam ended a minute ago and I want to tell someone &quot;I just took my exam&quot;, how is that expressed if I can't say я только что сдал экзамен, which apparently should mean &quot;I just passed the exam&quot;, and that is not what I intended to say.  Maybe the context is always supposed to make it clear whether сдавал экзамен refers to the past tense while the exam was happening or the past tense after the exam was over. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) How can I say &quot;I failed the exam&quot; in a colloquial way other than with the phrase не сдать экзамен?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a standard way to talk about taking an exam, in both aspects, without giving an indication one way or the other that you passed it or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If someone can indicate why taking and passing an exam really do seem like natural aspectual concepts, I'd be interested to hear about that too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T21:07:13.123" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T21:07:13.123" Title="сдавать/сдать экзамен" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="485" CreationDate="2012-07-02T22:19:17.517" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, &lt;em&gt;сдавать\сдать экзамен&lt;/em&gt; is an aspectual pair, because it passes the test when in the context of praesens historicum (&quot;настоящее историческое&quot;) &lt;em&gt;сдать&lt;/em&gt; changes to &lt;em&gt;сдавать&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Completed action in past:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В том же году он сдал экзамен и поступил на первый курс филфака МГУ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In praesens historicum: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В этом же году он сдает экзамен и поступает на первый курс филфака МГУ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, you are completely right when you say that &lt;em&gt;сдавать экзамен&lt;/em&gt; doesn't mean the same as &lt;em&gt;сдать экзамен&lt;/em&gt;. It doesn't mean &quot;to be in the process of passing the exam&quot; (as well as &lt;em&gt;to take an exam&lt;/em&gt; does not mean it), it means &quot;to try to pass it&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how can it be both an aspectual pair and two verb with different meaning? I guess the answer is that these are &lt;strong&gt;two different usages of the imperfect aspect form&lt;/strong&gt;. The one in praesens historicum is used to signal that the story, although it happened in past, is presented by the speaker as if it was going on here and now. The usage about which you are asking means an attempt to achieve a result, an activity directed at the achievement of the result. Here is one more example of these two usages with the verb &lt;em&gt;отбиваться&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;— &lt;em&gt;to fight off&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он отчаянно отбивался от нападавших.&#xA;  He was desperately trying to fight off the attackers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare with praesens historicum:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И в этот момент он наконец-то отбивается от нападавших и убегает.&#xA;  At this moment he has finally fought off the attackers and ran away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your related questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If my exam ended a minute ago and I want to tell someone &quot;I just took my exam&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should use &lt;em&gt;Я сдавал экзамен&lt;/em&gt;, the imperfect form in a past tense, as if you were answering the question &quot;What have you been doing there?&quot; or you can also say &lt;em&gt;Я был на экзамене&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;У меня был экзамен&lt;/em&gt;, as if you were answering the question &quot;What did you just do?&quot; or &quot;What happened with you there?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How can I say &quot;I failed the exam&quot; in a colloquial way other than with the phrase не сдать экзамен?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;People often say &lt;em&gt;провалить экзамен&lt;/em&gt; (perfect aspect) — &lt;em&gt;to fail an exam&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;— or simple &lt;em&gt;провалиться (на экзамене)&lt;/em&gt;, but it usually requires context to be understood easily (for example, a question like &quot;Ну что, сдал экзамен?&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="153" LastEditDate="2012-07-03T10:56:08.823" LastActivityDate="2012-07-03T10:56:08.823" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="487" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-03T11:18:46.027" Score="4" ViewCount="299" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there actually a rule for forming feminine names of professions? I can come up with several examples (and some of the examples are colloquial, but nevertheless widespread), but I cannot figure out what the rule is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;врач - врачиха&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  дворник - дворничиха&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  повар - повариха&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  портной - портниха&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  ветеринар - ветеринарша&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  директор - директриса (or директорша)&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  секретарь - секретарша&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  учитель - учительница&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  уборщик - уборщица&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  волейболист - волейболистка&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  дояр - доярка&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  юннат - юннатка&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  раб - рабыня&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  князь - княгиня&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  слуга - служанка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;судья&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  завхоз&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;do not seem to change at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-04T23:03:56.867" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T23:03:56.867" Title="Suffixes for feminine professions: &quot;-ша&quot;, &quot;-ка&quot;, &quot;-иха&quot;, &quot;-ыня&quot;, &quot;-ица&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;суффиксы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="487" CreationDate="2012-07-03T13:16:07.957" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, these feminine forms are not common and even rude.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;врачиха&lt;/strong&gt;: It is an informal and vulgar name of врач. Normally you would use: &lt;em&gt;Врач Ирина Ивановна.&lt;/em&gt; So, using the masculine form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar for others - &lt;em&gt;Дворник К.С.Иванова&lt;/em&gt;. But (this is polite and friendly): &lt;em&gt;Дворничиха Тетя Клава.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Повариха&lt;/strong&gt;: But &lt;em&gt;Заслуженный повар Светлана Алексеевна Огурцова.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Директор&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Директриса.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Formal&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Личный Секретарь - Исаева&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Informal&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Его любимая секретарша.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Заслуженный учитель года Ксения Петровна Пятеркина - но наша учительница Ксения Петровна.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These words are quite old, so I don't think there are any rules for adding suffixes. Just read more books to remember them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ЗавХоз = Заведующий Хозяйством&lt;/em&gt; - so it cannot be shorted. Судья so respected so you cannot modify it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="232" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-07-04T10:12:33.907" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T10:12:33.907" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="467" CreationDate="2012-07-03T13:53:51.030" Score="24" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's also the noun &lt;em&gt;эфир&lt;/em&gt; (lit. ‘ether’), which can be used to refer to both radio and TV (including Internet video streams). &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%22%E2+%FD%F4%E8%F0%E5%22&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;В эфире&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; means ‘on air’, &lt;em&gt;в прямом эфире&lt;/em&gt; is for ‘live on air’, and you can say something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его жестоко ругали и в прессе, и в эфире&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;‘He has been harshly criticized in the press as well as on air’&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="233" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-03T13:53:51.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="492" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-03T16:29:44.170" Score="13" ViewCount="3050" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that the verb &lt;em&gt;to use&lt;/em&gt; can be translated to Russian as &lt;em&gt;использовать&lt;/em&gt; (with accusative) or &lt;em&gt;пользоваться&lt;/em&gt; (with instrumental).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wanted to ask if there is a difference in meaning / usage between these two verbs or if they are perfectly interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="126" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T22:27:03.017" LastActivityDate="2014-08-02T17:55:45.893" Title="Difference between &quot;использовать&quot; and &quot;пользоваться&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="492" CreationDate="2012-07-03T16:49:26.797" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are not always interchangeable. The two words have the same root &lt;em&gt;польз&lt;/em&gt;, therefore the prefix in the first one changes the meaning, as usual. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first one can be used as a perfect, e.g.: &lt;em&gt;использовать и выбросить&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;он использовал все гвозди&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one assumes a prolonged or regular action: &lt;em&gt;пользоваться молотком для забивания гвоздей&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;The first one can also be used for this: &lt;em&gt;для забивания гвоздей обычно используют молоток&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in some cases only one verb sounds good, e.g.: &lt;em&gt;Эту чашку можно использовать для чая?&lt;/em&gt; is fine, but it would sound strange if you say &lt;em&gt;Можно этой чашкой пользоваться для чая?&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;em&gt;Пользоваться&lt;/em&gt; really assumes a more mechanical kind of action, though one can say &lt;em&gt;пользоваться свободой действий&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;HTH :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2012-07-03T16:49:26.797" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="492" CreationDate="2012-07-03T16:52:45.057" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Word &lt;em&gt;использовать&lt;/em&gt; usually refers to a specific incident:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я использовал свой купон&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  I used my coupon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that whatever you used something in a specific incident doesn't have to disappear after you used it, for example, you could say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я использовал умение красиво врать&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  I used my skill of lying artfully&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After using such skill, it doesn't disappear and you can use it again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However it may disappear (or at least turn into something not suitable for the original purpose), in which case it's often used with clarification &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;весь/вся/всё/все&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я исользовал всю краску&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  I used all the paint&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word &lt;em&gt;пользоваться&lt;/em&gt; refers to an ability to use or a process of such usage (as in a prolonged action).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пользуюсь общественным транспортом&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  I use public transport&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пользуюсь своей отверткой&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  I use my screwdriver&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-07-03T17:12:21.473" LastActivityDate="2012-07-03T17:12:21.473" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="492" CreationDate="2012-07-03T16:58:52.323" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say that in case when no special aspectual meanings are involved, &quot;пользоваться&quot; means to use something for the purpose it was intended to. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пользоваться словарем = use a dictionary to look up words &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Ты пользуешься этой зубной щеткой? = Do you brush your teeth with this toothbrush? (Ex.1)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &quot;использовать&quot; does not really mean to use a thing for what it was intended to. It can be anything. For example, you cannot just say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;*Я использую эту зубную щетку&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should either use &quot;пользоваться&quot; or say, what are you using the toothbrush for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я использую эту зубную щетку, чтобы чистить украшения \ для украшений. (Ex.2)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And usually it would be strange to say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я использую эту зубную щетку, чтобы чистить зубы. (Ex.3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can only be said if the other person was really asking, what are you using the toothbrush for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, if you are asked what are you using your toothbrush for, (Ex.2) or (Ex.3) are the correct way to express your thought (depending on whether you're using your toothbrush for jewelry or for teeth). Saying something like (Ex.1) would be wrong, because then your answer would stress the fact that you are using the toothbrush, not explain the purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-03T17:10:55.103" LastActivityDate="2012-07-03T17:10:55.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="496" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="497" CreationDate="2012-07-03T19:46:34.953" Score="7" ViewCount="270" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the right way of saying &quot;Этот процесс занял целы&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; пять лет&quot; or &quot;Этот процесс занял целы&lt;strong&gt;x&lt;/strong&gt; пять лет&quot;. I guess it's accusative inanimate, so it should be целы&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;, am I correct? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T21:27:47.593" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T21:27:47.593" Title="&quot;занял целые 5 лет&quot; or &quot;занял целыx 5 лет&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="496" CreationDate="2012-07-03T20:34:00.497" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's genitive, so animacy does not play any role here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal in &lt;em&gt;Справочник по правописанию и литературной правке для работников печати&lt;/em&gt; writes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При существительных мужского и среднего рода, зависящих от числительных &lt;em&gt;два, три, четыре&lt;/em&gt; (а также от составных числительных, оканчивающихся на указанные цифры), определение, находящееся между числительным и существительным, в современном языке ставится, как правило, в форме родительного падежа множественного числа: &lt;em&gt;два высоких дома, три больших окна, двадцать четыре деревянных стола&lt;/em&gt;. Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;...Офицеры ели жадно, без разговоров, наверстывали за два потерянных в боях&#xA;  дня (Шолохов);&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Два других кадровика... воевали меньше (Бубеннов);&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Два крайних окна в первом этаже закрыты изнутри газетными листами... (А. Н. Толстой).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При существительных женского рода в указанных условиях определение чаще ставится в форме именительного падежа множественного числа: &lt;em&gt;две большие комнаты&lt;/em&gt;. Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;На изгороди из трех жердей сидели три женские фигуры (А. Н. Толстой);&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  На платформе прохаживались... две молоденькие чему-то смеявшиеся девушки (Шолохов);&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  По этим дорогам двигаются две большие колонны немцев (Бубеннов).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При наличии перед всем оборотом предлога возможны варианты: &lt;em&gt;на две равные части / по две столовых ложки.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and in &lt;em&gt;Справочник по правописанию, произношению и литературному редактированию&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Однако прилагательные &lt;em&gt;целый, полный, добрый&lt;/em&gt; и некоторые другие обычно употребляются в этом случае в форме родительного падежа: &lt;em&gt;целых два месяца, целых две недели, полных два ведра, добрых двое суток, лишних три часа.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Например: &lt;em&gt;...Принужден был иногда целых три часа стоять, прижавшись к стене (Пушкин)&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;Да и бил он меня каких-нибудь месяца два (Достоевский)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;em&gt;целый&lt;/em&gt;, if applied to the noun, would be put into pl. gen. for masculine and neuter nouns, and into pl. nom. for feminine nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Этот процесс занял пять целых лет&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Этот процесс занял три целы&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; минуты&lt;/em&gt; (fem. noun, adjective in pl. nom.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But for the idiomatic constructs with &lt;em&gt;целый, полный, добрый, лишний, жалкий&lt;/em&gt; etc. which  define the numeral rather than the noun (and hence are put before the numeral, not the noun), the exception from the second quote applies:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Этот процесс занял целых пять лет&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Этот процесс занял целы&lt;strong&gt;х&lt;/strong&gt; три минуты&lt;/em&gt; (fem. noun, but adjective in pl. gen.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule is not strict and is often violated. These queries &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;целый nom,pl&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  на расстоянии 1 от два  NUM&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  на расстоянии 1 от S,f  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;целый gen,pl&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  на расстоянии 1 от два  NUM&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  на расстоянии 1 от S,f  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;yield 45 and 141 entries in the corpus, accordingly (more than a third usage cases are wrong according to Rosenthal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-07-03T21:34:33.597" LastActivityDate="2012-07-03T21:34:33.597" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="256" CreationDate="2012-07-03T22:22:07.243" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is hard to formulate the difference in words. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there are contexts when &quot;-либо&quot; is better than &quot;-нибудь&quot;, in other contexts &quot;-нибудь&quot; is better than &quot;-либо&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Indirect negation: &quot;-либо&quot; is better than &quot;-нибудь&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он не сказал, был ли он когда-либо в Америке. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  ?Он не сказал, был ли он когда-нибудь в Америке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Question: both variants are possible, some speakers prefer &quot;-нибудь&quot;, others prefer &quot;-либо&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты когда-нибудь был в Америке?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Ты когда-либо был в Америке?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Indirect question: both are equally good&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он спросил, был ли ты когда-нибудь в Америке.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Он спросил, был ли ты когда-либо в Америке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conditional: &quot;-нибудь&quot; is better than &quot;-либо&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если ты когда-нибудь будешь в Америке, приезжай в гости.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  ???Если ты когда-либо будешь в Америке, приезжай в гости.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Comparative: &quot;-либо&quot; is better than &quot;-нибудь&quot; (but the correct variant, imho, is &quot;бы то ни было&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;?Он поет лучше, чем когда-либо.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  *Он поет лучше, чем когда-нибудь.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Он поет лучше, чем когда бы то ни было.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Irrealis non-specific&quot;, the context when the entity does not exist (yet) or is hypothetical:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Imperative&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне срочно надо сходить на работу, позови кого-нибудь посидеть с ребенком.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  *Мне срочно надо сходить на работу, позови кого-либо посидеть с ребенком.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wish&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хотел бы и я когда-нибудь съездить в Америку.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  *Хотел бы и я когда-либо съездить в Америку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information on where these contexts come from, have a look at the introductory part of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=6&amp;amp;ved=0CGEQFjAF&amp;amp;url=http://webh01.ua.ac.be/gramis/publications/JvdA_Mapping%2520indefinites.pdf&amp;amp;ei=yW7zT5T4OsyVsgbEjNDTBQ&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNGR3hhAqA7LxbV2L_CXtjUZ1tgm7A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this paper&lt;/a&gt;, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-04T08:10:54.087" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T08:10:54.087" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="499" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="505" CreationDate="2012-07-04T06:46:09.957" Score="9" ViewCount="1512" Body="&lt;p&gt;Following &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/487/suffixes-for-feminine-professions-%D1%88%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0-%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8F-%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot;&gt;the question about common feminine suffices for profession titles&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word &lt;code&gt;няня&lt;/code&gt; has several meanings. According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%ED%FF%ED%FF&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; Работница, занимающаяся уходом, присмотром за детьми (в семье, в детском саду, в яслях). &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; Разг. Санитарка в лечебном учреждении. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would you call a male &lt;code&gt;няня&lt;/code&gt; in both cases? In documents or in common speech?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also I would appreciate comments about similar cases: &lt;code&gt;горничная&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;медицинская сестра&lt;/code&gt;. Is  &lt;code&gt;медбрат&lt;/code&gt; common and official word in this case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="81" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-10-28T14:22:32.140" Title="Усатый нянь or what to call a male nanny (babysitter)?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="499" CreationDate="2012-07-04T10:39:11.793" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Though it's perfectly valid to call women grammatically masculine names, the opposite is quite peculiar (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/324/134&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt; of mine).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sound neutral, the names of professions which lack gramatically masculine forms, are replaced by the synonyms, even if they are bulky:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Помощник воспитателя&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;нянечка&lt;/em&gt; (in a kindergarten)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Санитар&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;нянечка&lt;/em&gt; (in a hospital)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Медицинский брат&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;медицинская сестра&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Артист балета&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;балерина&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sidorenko in &lt;em&gt;Теоретические и практические материалы по морфологии современного русского языка&lt;/em&gt; writes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Для называния лиц мужского пола, выполняющих соответствующую работу, иногда используются описательные обороты типа &lt;em&gt;артист (солист) балета, переписчик на машинке&lt;/em&gt;. Могут быть использованы также новые слова с изменением основы: &lt;em&gt;дояр&lt;/em&gt; от &lt;em&gt;доярка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;уборщик&lt;/em&gt; от &lt;em&gt;уборщица&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a male babysitter in a kindergarten you can use &lt;em&gt;воспитатель&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;младший воспитатель&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;помощник воспитателя&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a visiting male babysitter, you can use a loanword &lt;em&gt;бебиситтер&lt;/em&gt; (which unequivocally means a visiting babysitter)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T10:39:11.793" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="499" CreationDate="2012-07-04T11:12:24.153" Score="3" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;What would you call a male няня in both cases? In documents or in common speech?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Воспитатель, гувернёр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;горничная,&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Never seen a male in that office. Possibly &quot;уборщик&quot; (cleaner), &quot;слуга&quot; (servant). In military, &quot;денщик&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;медицинская сестра. Is медбрат common and official word in this case?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes. Also &quot;санитар&quot; is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2012-07-04T11:31:34.457" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T11:31:34.457" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="448" CreationDate="2012-07-04T11:37:32.753" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дырка&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;deminutive&lt;/strong&gt; of &lt;em&gt;дыра&lt;/em&gt;. So these are not separate words. Usually &lt;em&gt;дырка&lt;/em&gt; means small &lt;em&gt;дыра&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T11:37:32.753" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="508" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="509" CreationDate="2012-07-04T17:07:39.017" Score="2" ViewCount="296" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there such thing as morpheme dictionary, where one could look up functions and meanings of prefixes, suffixes, particles, etc. ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, I was interested in the range of meanings that prefix &quot;рас-\раз-&quot; have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-08-12T12:17:02.410" LastActivityDate="2012-08-12T12:17:02.410" Title="Are there any morpheme dictionaries for Russian?" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;суффиксы&gt;&lt;resources&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="508" CreationDate="2012-07-04T19:29:20.883" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кузнецова А. И., Ефремова Т. Ф. Словарь морфем русского языка. — М., 1986&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ефремова Т. Ф. Новый словарь русского языка. Толково-словообразовательный. — М.: Русский язык, 2000.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T19:29:20.883" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-04T22:08:58.573" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some of the short forms have a different meaning than the full forms. Here are some examples (I don't know the general rule):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;хороший&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;хорош&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;хорош собой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;good&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;kind&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;tasty&lt;/em&gt; (in some contexts) - &lt;em&gt;beautiful&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он хороший друг - He is a good friend.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Он хорош собой - He is handsome. It is incorrect to say &quot;Он хороший собой.&quot;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Суп хорош! - The soup tastes good! It is weird (at least for me) to say &quot;Суп хороший&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;сильный&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;силён&lt;/em&gt; (в чем-либо) &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;strong&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;knowledgeable&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сильный мужчина - A strong man&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Он силен в математике - He knows his maths.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;добрый&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;будь добр&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;kind&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;please&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Добрый доктор Айболит - A good kind Dr. Айболит.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Будь добр, закрой окно. - Be a dear, close the window.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;великий&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;велик&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;great&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;too large&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пётр Великий - Peter The Great&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Этот костюм мне велик - This suit is too large for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;смешной&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;смешон&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;funny&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;laughable, ridiculous&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Смешная история - A funny story&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Ты смешон - You are ridiculous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2012-07-04T22:08:58.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="511" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="517" CreationDate="2012-07-05T00:23:14.607" Score="8" ViewCount="361" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the nominative case, if we are counting something of size 2, 3, or 4 then the object being counted is in the genitive singular case, e.g., три треугольника. If we have an adjective involved, then it is genitive plural if the noun is masculine or neuter (e.g., три различных треугольника, три различных числа), but the situation with adjectives modifying feminine nouns that are being counted is more involved.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One reference I found said that in the nominative case after 2, 3, and 4 an adjective modifying a feminine noun is in the nominative plural (e.g., три различные функции). Another reference said that this rule is &quot;normally&quot; true if the noun has the same stress in genitive singular and nominative plural -- which I guess is what most feminine nouns are like -- and if the noun has different stress in genitive singular and nominative plural then the adjective is &quot;normally&quot; genitive plural (e.g., три различных стороны).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A) I'd like to know some  counterexamples to these two stress tests for determining the case ending on adjectives modifying feminine nouns being counted by 2, 3, or 4. (If there weren't counterexamples then I'd think that reference would have explained the rules without the qualifying label of them being &quot;normally&quot; true.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;B) Is there a &lt;em&gt;comprehensive&lt;/em&gt; rule for the case endings on adjectives modifying feminine nouns being counted by 2, 3, and 4 (with the numbers themselves being in the nominative case)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I realize that anything applying to 2, 3, and 4 can be extended to other numbers ending in 2, 3, and 4 (except 12, 13, 14), but I keep the question restricted to 2, 3, and 4 for simplicity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-08T16:17:36.493" LastActivityDate="2012-07-08T16:17:36.493" Title="How to decline adjectives modifying feminine nouns after 2, 3, 4?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;окончания&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="512" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-05T02:31:13.920" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T02:31:13.920" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T02:31:13.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="513" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-05T02:31:13.920" Score="0" Body="This tag is for questions about mathematical terminology and notation in Russian that are not easy to answer with a dictionary.  Examples could be (1) how a particular symbol or formula is pronounced and (2) the distinction between a pair of words like отношение and соотношение that have different meanings in Russian but are both translated into English by the same word &quot;relation&quot;." OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T03:24:03.823" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T03:24:03.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="514" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="516" CreationDate="2012-07-05T04:30:11.500" Score="4" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;p&gt;What would be the right punctuation in &quot;Он или притворяется, или вообще ничего не понимает&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T08:39:36.483" Title="Punctuation for &quot;или ... или&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="514" CreationDate="2012-07-05T08:03:24.533" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's already the right punctuation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он или притворяется, или вообще ничего не понимает.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you have &lt;em&gt;или ... или&lt;/em&gt;, you need a comma in front of the latter &lt;em&gt;или&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="191" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T08:03:24.533" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="514" CreationDate="2012-07-05T08:39:36.483" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal, &lt;em&gt;Справочник по правописанию, произношению и литературному редактированию&lt;/em&gt;, §87:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Однородные члены, соединенные повторяющимися союзами&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Запятая ставится между однородными членами предложения, соединенными посредством повторяющихся союзов &lt;em&gt;и... и, да... да, ни... ни, или... или, ли... ли, либо... либо, то... то&lt;/em&gt; и др., например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Темнота раннего зимнего утра скрывала и площадку на берегу, и полотняный поселок из палаток, и самих людей (Ажаев);&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ни справа, ни слева, ни на воде, ни на берегу никого не было (Гайдар);&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;С чужими я либо робел, либо важничал (Горький);&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лицо радиста то хмурилось, то улыбалось (Горбатов):&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Наверху за потолком кто-то не то стонет, не то смеется (Чехов).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your punctuation is right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T08:39:36.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="511" CreationDate="2012-07-05T09:00:10.930" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal, &lt;em&gt;Справочник по правописанию и литературной правке для работников печати&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При существительных женского рода в указанных условиях определение &lt;strong&gt;чаще&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;emphasis mine. Q.&lt;/em&gt;) ставится в форме именительного падежа множественного числа: &lt;em&gt;две большие комнаты&lt;/em&gt;. Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;На изгороди из трех жердей сидели три женские фигуры (А. Н. Толстой);&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;На платформе прохаживались... две молоденькие чему-то смеявшиеся девушки (Шолохов);&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;По этим дорогам двигаются две большие колонны немцев (Бубеннов).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При наличии перед всем оборотом предлога возможны варианты: &lt;em&gt;на две равные части / по две столовых ложки.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From what I can tell, there is no strict rule. The literary norm is pl. nom., however it may be violated (I personally use pl. nom. but won't perceive pl. gen. as ungrammatical).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two queries to the corpus: &lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/0wJlI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;pl. gen.&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/OQCFL&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;pl. nom.&lt;/a&gt; yield 1691 and 9598 entires, accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that pl. nom. is the prevalent form, but pl. gen. is widely used nevertheless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T09:00:10.930" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="518" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="519" CreationDate="2012-07-05T09:01:48.023" Score="6" ViewCount="1074" Body="&lt;p&gt;When saying that I don't know the language a friend taught me:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не понимаю по-ру́сски.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a (German) language learner site they write to use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Извините, я не понял.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;when not understanding what was recently said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't comprehend why I should use imperfective when I don't know the language but perfective when I don't understand what was recently said. Thus I continued searching and found:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не понимаю, что вы говорите.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently, both is possible using perfective and imperfective. How can I determine in that context when to use the imperfective (понимать) or the perfective (понять)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="109" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T21:06:15.433" LastActivityDate="2012-07-07T22:17:42.603" Title="&quot;понима́ть&quot; or &quot;понять&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="518" CreationDate="2012-07-05T09:18:16.967" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imperfective form denotes &amp;quot;state&amp;quot;, perfective form denotes &amp;quot;entering into state&amp;quot;. In other words, if you use &amp;quot;понимать&amp;quot;, you refer to knowing how something is organized, what something means, and stuff like this. If you use &amp;quot;понять&amp;quot;, you refer to a fact that you have realized something or understood something, probably after trying to figure it out for some time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Извините, я не понял, что вы только что сказали.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Excuse me, I didn't understand what you've just said.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Извините, я не понимаю, о чем вы говорите.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Excuse me, I don't understand what are you talking about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я прекрасно тебя понимаю. Я понимаю твои чувства.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;I understand you perfectly. I understand your feelings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я так и не понял, почему ты не пошла на вечеринку.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;I didn't understand why you didn't go to the party (and it all happened some time ago, I gave up trying to understand you)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не понимал, почему ты не пошла на вечеринку, пока ты мне не объяснила.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;I did not understand why you didn't go to the party, before you explained it to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T09:23:28.803" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="518" CreationDate="2012-07-05T09:20:37.713" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Verbs in perfective form lack the present: only past and future simple. If you want present, you'll have to use imperfective form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In past, the difference is pretty much the same as between English past continuous (or past perfect continuous) and past perfect (or past simple):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я не понимал, что он говорит&lt;/em&gt; / I haven't been understanding what he was saying (while doing something else)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я не понял, что он сказал&lt;/em&gt; / I haven't understood what he said (once)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T09:20:37.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="521" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-05T11:16:18.573" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T11:16:18.573" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T11:16:18.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="522" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-05T11:16:18.573" Score="0" Body="Questions concerning nouns, their form, spelling, functions, derivation, meaning and so on." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T12:19:26.570" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T12:19:26.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="523" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-05T11:18:23.767" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T11:18:23.767" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T11:18:23.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="524" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-05T11:18:23.767" Score="0" Body="Questions about verbs, both finite and non-finite forms such as infinitives, gerunds, participles. The tag covers formation, derivation, functions, usage and meaning of verbs." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T12:19:21.750" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T12:19:21.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="525" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="526" CreationDate="2012-07-05T11:28:13.537" Score="10" ViewCount="889" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do Russians translate &quot;breaking news&quot; caption on TV?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T11:29:04.680" LastActivityDate="2012-08-31T08:43:08.737" Title="How do Russians translate &quot;breaking news&quot; caption on TV?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="525" CreationDate="2012-07-05T11:39:12.567" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no expression with direct translation of &quot;break&quot; in sense of &quot;make known suddenly&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually it's translated as &lt;em&gt;экстренные новости&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;экстренное сообщение&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;срочное сообщение&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;срочные новости&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The title of the Hong Kong movie was translated as &lt;em&gt;Горячие новости&lt;/em&gt; (literally &quot;hot news&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="190" LastEditDate="2012-08-30T17:28:09.690" LastActivityDate="2012-08-30T17:28:09.690" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="528" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-05T15:55:45.510" Score="19" ViewCount="7142" Body="&lt;p&gt;All other Russian vowels come in pairs, but this pair seems a bit special.&#xA;So, how does one pronounce ы and и?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="173" LastEditorUserId="173" LastEditDate="2012-07-08T07:01:42.500" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T06:34:03.900" Title="What is the difference between ы and и?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="528" CreationDate="2012-07-05T15:55:45.697" Score="9" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Ы&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is pronunced /ɨ/ (&amp;quot;roses&amp;quot;, or polish &amp;quot;y&amp;quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is used if and only if it follows a hard consonant&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;И&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is pronunced /i/ (&amp;quot;machine&amp;quot;) or /ɪ/ (&amp;quot;bin&amp;quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;palatalize the preceding consonant&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is not preceded by /j/ in isolation&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is pronunced /ɨ/ when following ж, ш, ц (because /i/ would be hard to pronunce)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="173" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T12:45:15.967" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="463" CreationDate="2012-07-05T16:32:22.117" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the past imperative emphasizes the same degree as in German dass-clauses: &lt;em&gt;Geh weg!&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;Mach, dass du weggehst!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the past not only refers to a command like one to a dog, but expresses a real intention. It's also that because of the existence of &quot;пошёл на...&quot; &quot;иди на...&quot; expresses a moderate degree of a curse. As if I'm not seriously asking someone to go away. Though in some cases even &quot;иди на...&quot; might be enough to get killed at once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="224" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T19:57:20.197" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T19:57:20.197" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="528" CreationDate="2012-07-05T16:42:40.423" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;All vowels in Slavic languages come in three varieties: open, closed and iotized (closed following the palatal approximant &lt;code&gt;j&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian phonetics requires that all open vowels follow non-palatalized (hard) consonants, and all closed vowels follow palatalized consonants. Openness is not a distinguishing attribute of a Russian vowel (unlike, say, English &lt;em&gt;and / end&lt;/em&gt;). So normally all vowels in the alphabet come in pairs: open and iotized, but an iotized vowel following a hard consonant actually makes it soft and is pronounced closed instead:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;a / я&#xA;о / ё&#xA;у / ю&#xA;э / е&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;и / ы&lt;/code&gt; is a notable exception: this is a closed/open pair. In Russian alphabet (unlike, say, Ukrainian), there is no separate letter for iotized &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; (because there is no such sound in the language), so it was required to mark the palatalization of the previous consonant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ж&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Ц&lt;/code&gt; do not have soft counterparts in Russian, so &lt;code&gt;цы&lt;/code&gt; is only written historically in some Russian words (&lt;em&gt;цыпленок, цыган, цыкать&lt;/em&gt;) and in endings (&lt;em&gt;щипцы&lt;/em&gt;) but pronounced &lt;code&gt;цы&lt;/code&gt; even for words written with &lt;code&gt;ци&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;em&gt;вакцина, акция&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;code&gt;жы&lt;/code&gt; is never written this way (though always pronounced exactly like this).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ч&lt;/code&gt; does not have a hard counterpart, and there are no words with &lt;code&gt;чы&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ш&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Щ&lt;/code&gt; (in common pronunciation) are hard and soft versions of the same consonant, so they are always written &lt;code&gt;ши&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;щи&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T16:56:18.540" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T16:56:18.540" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="528" CreationDate="2012-07-05T19:50:36.673" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a sound file on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; Wikipedia page for 'Ы'.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8#Pronunciation_2&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; you can listen how to pronounce 'И'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="165" LastEditorUserId="165" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T19:57:21.060" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T19:57:21.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="528" CreationDate="2012-07-05T20:37:57.370" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ы and И are allophones, that is they specify the same phoneme. The only difference between them is in that И softens the preceding consonant while Ы does not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus any detectable difference in pronunciation is due the influence of the preceding consonant which is either soft or hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T20:37:57.370" CommentCount="21" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="534" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="536" CreationDate="2012-07-05T20:39:58.200" Score="7" ViewCount="385" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which one is correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; материковом Китае&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; материковом Китае&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and also:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; континентальном Китае&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; континентальном Китае&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-08T16:20:39.093" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T16:20:39.093" Title="&quot;в/на материковом/континентальном Китае&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="485" CreationDate="2012-07-05T21:00:51.430" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If my exam ended a minute ago and I want to tell someone &quot;I just took&#xA;  my exam&quot;, how is that expressed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я только что закончил сдавать экзамен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How can I say &quot;I failed the exam&quot; in a colloquial way other than with&#xA;  the phrase не сдать экзамен?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я провалил экзамен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T21:00:51.430" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="534" CreationDate="2012-07-05T21:42:33.290" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Choice of adjective&lt;/strong&gt;. Both &quot;материковый Китай&quot; and &quot;континентальный Китай&quot; are widely used, sometimes in the same document. However, the Lingvo dictionary gives only one translation for &quot;mainland China&quot;, and it is &quot;континентальный Китай&quot;. May be that the dictionary needs expansion, may be that &quot;континентальный Китай&quot; is the official term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Choice of preposition&lt;/strong&gt;. It is a part of China, and according to the rules of preposition selection, it should be &quot;в&quot;, just as &quot;в Китае&quot;, which is a country and not an island. Another example which may be less confusing is &quot;континентальная Европа&quot; and &quot;в континентальной Европе&quot;. However, strictly speaking, it is a different part of the rule, because Europe is not a country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time, I can't help mentioning that examples with preposition &quot;на&quot; are also widespread. That being said, standard is &quot;в&quot;, but both forms are possible in colloquial speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T21:48:30.397" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T21:48:30.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="537" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="534" CreationDate="2012-07-05T22:19:26.810" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The choice of the preposition &lt;code&gt;на/в&lt;/code&gt; is paradigmatic, but with multiple exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; is used for the following regions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Named after the islands: &lt;em&gt;на Кубе, на Ямайке, на Гаити, на Фиджи&lt;/em&gt; (but &lt;em&gt;в Гренландии, в Исландии, в Британии&lt;/em&gt;). Сompare to &lt;em&gt;на остров&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lake and river basins: &lt;em&gt;на Валдае, на Байкале, на Волге&lt;/em&gt;. Сompare &lt;em&gt;на реку, на озеро&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mountain ranges in singular: &lt;em&gt;на Урале, на Кавказе, на Памире&lt;/em&gt; (but &lt;em&gt;в Альпах, в Гималаях&lt;/em&gt;, since they are in plural, &lt;em&gt;в Тянь-Шане&lt;/em&gt;). Compare to &lt;em&gt;на гору&lt;/em&gt;, but &lt;em&gt;в горах&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ending in &lt;em&gt;-чина, -щина&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;на Брянщине, на Новгородчине&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is by far not a complete list and it's always best to consult the dictionary in each case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T22:19:26.810" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="538" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-05T22:37:07.097" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-05T22:37:07.097" LastActivityDate="2012-07-05T22:37:07.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="539" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-05T22:37:07.097" Score="0" Body="Church Slavonic is a liturgical language of Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches. In the middle ages it served as a litearary language in Russia and heavily influenced modern Russian language." OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T15:19:40.627" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T15:19:40.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="540" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="541" CreationDate="2012-07-05T23:07:04.847" Score="22" ViewCount="14262" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand how the expression is used pretty well, but wonder where did it come from? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What exactly does &lt;em&gt;фиг&lt;/em&gt; mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="39" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T15:35:20.843" LastActivityDate="2019-01-10T17:54:55.960" Title="The history and meaning of &quot;ни фига себе&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;мат&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="540" CreationDate="2012-07-05T23:33:02.780" Score="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ни фига́ себе&lt;/em&gt; (or a more vulgar &lt;em&gt;ни хуя́ себе&lt;/em&gt;) is a dysphemism of &lt;em&gt;ничего себе&lt;/em&gt;, an interjection expressing amazement or astonishment. Such dysphemistic expressions are quite common (compare English &lt;em&gt;my ass!&lt;/em&gt; from &lt;em&gt;my eye!&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ничего&lt;/em&gt; itself is a meiosis, quite specific to traditional Russian culture with its cult of  humility and reticence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quoting &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/biblio/magazines/rr/28_359&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;an article&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;em&gt;Русская речь&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В статье речь пойдёт, главным образом, о предикативном наречии &lt;em&gt;ничего&lt;/em&gt;, которое давно привлекает к себе внимание как самих русских, так и иностранцев (См., например: &lt;em&gt;М. П. Алексеев. Русское слово ничего и его зарубежные интерпретации // Словари и лингвострановедение. М., 1982&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Многозначность и идиоматичность этого слова, разнообразие его смысловых оттенков делают его одним из символов загадочной русской души. &amp;quot;Есть на языке нашем оборот речи, — писал П. А. Вяземский, — совершенно нигилистический, хотя находившийся до изобретения нигилизма и употребляемый доныне вовсе не нигилистами. &amp;quot;Какова погода сегодня?&amp;quot; — &amp;quot;Ничего&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Как нравится вам эта книга?&amp;quot; — &amp;quot;Ничего&amp;quot;. — &amp;quot;Красива ли женщина, о которой вы говорите?&amp;quot; — &amp;quot;Ничего&amp;quot;, — &amp;quot;Довольны ли вы своим губернатором?&amp;quot; — &amp;quot;Ничего&amp;quot;. И так далее. В этом обороте есть какая-то русская лукавая сдержанность, боязнь проговориться, какое-то совершенно русское себе на уме&amp;quot; &lt;em&gt;(Полн. собр. соч. СПб., 1883. Т. VIII. С. 429)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Фиг&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;фи́га&lt;/em&gt; is an obscene gesture in Eastern (and Slavic, in particular) cultures:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vbU0Jm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with the obvious meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Vasmer and Chernykh, it's originated from Italian &lt;em&gt;fare la fica&lt;/em&gt; (through French &lt;em&gt;faire la figue&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;em&gt;Fica&lt;/em&gt; literally means &amp;quot;fig&amp;quot;, an euphemism for vulva.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-12-10T04:31:23.333" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="543" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="544" CreationDate="2012-07-06T09:45:34.130" Score="11" ViewCount="440" Body="&lt;p&gt;When someone is about to tell you some long-awaited news:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Угадай, что мне сказал шеф сегодня.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Guess what my boss told me today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;you may ask him y saying one of these phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давай, порадуй меня.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давай, обрадуй меня.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;both meaning&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Come on, give me some good news.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've heard both alternatives, but I don't know if they both are acceptable (I feel that &quot;порадовать&quot; is colloquial) and if they actually mean exactly the same. Can you think of an example where one is possible and the other is not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T18:05:34.493" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T17:05:26.387" Title="Is there a difference between &quot;порадовать&quot; and &quot;обрадовать&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="543" CreationDate="2012-07-06T10:14:14.620" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Порадовать&lt;/em&gt; = to give pleasure, &lt;em&gt;обрадовать&lt;/em&gt; = to give joy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first one is continuous sense of pleasure, the second one a burst of good feelings, as when surprised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;А вот не только порадовать, но и удивить публику своими новыми произведениями ― это редкость для часового салона. &lt;em&gt;[Екатерина Блинова. Время не имеет значения (2002) // «Домовой», 2002.08.04]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Любителям картин и офортов стоит порадовать себя горным пейзажем ― выбирайте скалы, а не лесистые склоны. &lt;em&gt;[Наталия Наумова. Во власти стихий (2002) // «Домовой», 2002.12.04]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Николай Петрович Шереметев, имел, кроме прочего, в мыслях: музыканта Фомина нежданно обрадовать, Эвридику для него ― оживить! &lt;em&gt;[Борис Евсеев. Евстигней // «Октябрь», 2010]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Вскоре он завис над полем в десятке метров от Зализиной и Кэрилин Курло. ― Спешу всех обрадовать: они живы! К ним бегут санитарные джинны. &lt;em&gt;[Дмитрий Емец. Таня Гроттер и колодец Посейдона (2004)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Comparative adverbs usually cannot be used with &lt;em&gt;порадовать&lt;/em&gt;: you cannot replace the word in phrases like &lt;em&gt;он так обрадовался&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;она очень обрадовалась&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, &lt;em&gt;порадуй меня&lt;/em&gt; would be kind of ironical, as in &amp;quot;go ahead, make my day&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T10:22:36.327" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="287" CreationDate="2012-07-06T11:08:16.523" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мир&lt;/em&gt; in meaning &lt;em&gt;world&lt;/em&gt; was closer to &quot;social world&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;На миру и смерть красна&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was also a narrow meaning &quot;peasant community&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Землю у них насильно и несправедливо отобрал мир&lt;/em&gt;. Куприн, &quot;Поединок&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Свет&lt;/em&gt; is closer to &quot;physical world&quot; (enlightened surface). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="245" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T15:19:33.310" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T15:19:33.310" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="546" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="543" CreationDate="2012-07-06T13:21:13.627" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say, it's really in the specific meaning a speaker wants to express. The words have an extremely close meaning, and in most cases can probably be exchanged. &lt;em&gt;Обрадовать&lt;/em&gt; is a perfective aspect, and therefore, intuitively, it is applied when something has already happened or is expected to happen, and the fact of learning it brings joy. On the other hand, &lt;em&gt;порадовать&lt;/em&gt; is an imperfective aspect, and carries exactly this meaning—of some process or action in progress. For example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ребёнок обрадовался мороженому&lt;/em&gt; (the child has enjoyed an ice-cream) vs. &lt;em&gt;порадуй ребёнка, почитай ему&lt;/em&gt; (give a child some pleasure, read him a book).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/544/47&quot;&gt;examples by Quassnoi&lt;/a&gt; give a perfect illustration of this distinction: each sentence has some hint of the time scale. &lt;em&gt;Порадовать&lt;/em&gt; would relate to a landscape or a new watch collection which will last for some time. &lt;em&gt;Неожиданно&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;спешу&lt;/em&gt;, to the contrary, emphasize the suddenness of the news. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to answer the OP, in that particular example the two words would be interchangeable, though the meaning would be exactly the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давай, порадуй меня &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;assumes some process of telling me a good news; I will feel the pleasure for some time during and after being told.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давай, обрадуй меня&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;assumes that right after having been told the good news, I'll be glad though this feeling may also be not really prolonged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T13:21:13.627" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="547" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-06T21:05:27.870" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T21:05:27.870" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T21:05:27.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="548" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-06T21:05:27.870" Score="0" Body="Covers questions about the usage of a particular word or phrase in different situations and contexts." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-09T20:56:20.470" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T20:56:20.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="549" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-06T21:23:52.200" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T21:23:52.200" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T21:23:52.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="550" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-06T21:23:52.200" Score="0" Body="Questions about the meaning, the origin, and the usage of multi-word expressions with more or less idiomatic or metaphorical meaning." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-09T20:55:47.210" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T20:55:47.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="551" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-06T22:12:52.543" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T22:12:52.543" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T22:12:52.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="552" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-06T22:12:52.543" Score="0" Body="Questions about the declension of nouns ans well as adjectives, numerals and participles, for example, &quot;What ending should I use for this noun?&quot; or &quot;What form of adjective should be used in the context of ...&quot;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-09T20:55:44.403" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T20:55:44.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="553" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-06T22:15:23.570" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suffixes are morphemes that follow the stem and precede the ending and are used to derive words, for example, &quot;дом&quot; -- &quot;дом-ик&quot; -- &quot;дом-ишк-о&quot; -- &quot;дом-ищ-е&quot;, or &quot;толк-а-ть&quot; -- &quot;толк-ну-ть&quot; -- &quot;подтакл-ива-ть&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-01T11:45:40.777" LastActivityDate="2012-08-01T11:45:40.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="554" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-06T22:15:23.570" Score="0" Body="Questions about suffixes, a part of word between the stem and the ending. Some examples: &quot;дом&quot; -- &quot;дом-ик&quot; -- &quot;дом-ишк-о&quot; -- &quot;дом-ищ-е&quot;, or &quot;быстро&quot;--&quot;быстр-еньк-о&quot;." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-01T11:45:40.777" LastActivityDate="2012-08-01T11:45:40.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="555" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-06T22:17:28.030" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-06T22:17:28.030" LastActivityDate="2012-07-06T22:17:28.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="556" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-06T22:17:28.030" Score="0" Body="Questions about pronouns of all kinds: personal pronouns (me), indefinite pronouns (some), relative pronouns (which) and so on.." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-09T20:55:49.550" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T20:55:49.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="525" CreationDate="2012-07-06T23:03:10.963" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сообщение ИТАР ТАСС с пометкой &quot;Молния!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me give some context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You see, &lt;em&gt;ИТАР ТАСС&lt;/em&gt; is one of Russian news agencies and &lt;em&gt;сообщение с пометкой &quot;Молния!&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is a special kind of message that has to be delivered immediately. Its name comes from marks on urgent telegrams which were the closest approximation of old technologies to real-time communication. Since then, when &quot;hot&quot; news about an event is delivered to the TV studio during live broadcasting, the reporter may precede this message with words like &lt;em&gt;К нам поступило сообщение с пометкой &quot;молния&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it's not strictly speaking a translation of &quot;Breaking news&quot;, but it is still quite common on the TV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-08-31T08:43:08.737" LastActivityDate="2012-08-31T08:43:08.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="558" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="559" CreationDate="2012-07-07T08:56:26.940" Score="8" ViewCount="421" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do Russians say &quot;I was honking at him&quot;?&#xA;Here I have several options, but none of them sounds okay to me:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я бибикал ему&lt;/strong&gt;. (sounds too childish and silly)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я сигналил ему&lt;/strong&gt;. (can mean signaling only by means of lights)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я подавал ему сигнал&lt;/strong&gt;. (same as above, plus too scientific)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я гудел ему&lt;/strong&gt;. (don't really know)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would be an appropriate translation in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2012-07-07T16:19:17.423" LastActivityDate="2013-08-21T14:47:29.653" Title="Correct rendering of &quot;I was honking at him&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="558" CreationDate="2012-07-07T09:38:36.607" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I personally like 1), 2) , and 4). I'd say that 2) is the best option of all. It doesn't mean only switching on and off your lights, it can (and often does) refer to honking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) is not necessarily childish, it is used as widely as 2), but it is somewhat colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) is rare, in my opinion. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3), though grammatically correct, is too formal. It is probably what is written in the driving regulations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2012-07-07T09:38:36.607" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="558" CreationDate="2012-07-07T10:06:46.387" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. 2 is the most appropriate translation, both in use and more formally. The official expression for 'horn' is &lt;em&gt;звуковой сигнал&lt;/em&gt;. The very formal expression is &lt;em&gt;подать звуковой сигнал&lt;/em&gt; however without &lt;em&gt;ему&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. 4 is more related to a ship or a locomotive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2012-07-07T10:06:46.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="558" CreationDate="2012-07-07T10:59:22.457" Score="2" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Погудеть&lt;/code&gt; is the best option in my opinion because it strikes a good balance between formal and informal speech.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Бибикать&lt;/code&gt; is a common word in everyday speech, but you usually don't see it in writing. I wouldn't say it's childish, it's simply very informal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сигналить&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;подавать сигнал&lt;/code&gt; can refer to any signal, and this can be misinterpreted as flashing the lights on and off, for example. Therefore, it is unsuitable if you only want to say about honking unless it is clear from the context.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="23" LastActivityDate="2012-07-07T10:59:22.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="563" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-07T19:34:58.660" Score="6" ViewCount="1359" Body="&lt;p&gt;Хотел бы сверить с обществом собственные социокультурные соображения по поводу выражения &lt;em&gt;погнали&lt;/em&gt; в значении &lt;em&gt;начали&lt;/em&gt;. Откуда оно есть пошло?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример употребления глагола &quot;погнать&quot; в значении &quot;начать что-либо делать&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда все актеры были готовы, а играющие в первой сцене заняли свои места, кто-то крикнул &quot;Ну, погнали!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Глагол в таком значении употребляется только в разговорной речи и только в повелительном наклонении.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="110" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-23T06:46:24.437" LastActivityDate="2012-07-23T06:46:24.437" Title="Происхождение и значение современного употребления &quot;погнали&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="563" CreationDate="2012-07-07T19:58:12.760" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;По-видимому, речь идёт об употреблении этого глагола в значении «поехали», «начали». Полагаю, что оно происходит от «гнать лошадей», т.е. быстро ехать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2012-07-07T19:58:12.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="518" CreationDate="2012-07-07T22:17:42.603" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a side note, you can't say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не понимаю по-русски.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You need to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не понимаю русский [язык]. (I don't undestand the Russian langauge)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не говорю по-руский. (I don't speak Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="131" LastActivityDate="2012-07-07T22:17:42.603" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="569" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="571" CreationDate="2012-07-08T18:14:56.427" Score="11" ViewCount="993" Body="&lt;p&gt;I assume that in casual usage, it doesn't really mean to serve in an intelligence agency, or to reconnoiter an enemy position, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="131" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T15:34:22.707" LastActivityDate="2019-11-07T22:37:20.887" Title="What does the phrase пойти в разведку mean?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="569" CreationDate="2012-07-08T19:19:16.307" Score="27" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пошел бы с ним в разведку → I would trust him with my life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original, literal meaning is indeed &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to reconnoiter an enemy position&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (and not &lt;em&gt;to serve in an intelligence agency&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="248" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2019-11-07T11:05:12.963" LastActivityDate="2019-11-07T11:05:12.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="569" CreationDate="2012-07-08T20:14:45.323" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This expression historically stems from the time of WWII (one should take into account the severe militarisation of the Soviet society and that both the TV and cinema were full of heroic films about WWII). In casual usage it just means that you trust a person. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2012-07-08T20:14:45.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="572" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-09T05:46:39.007" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-09T05:46:39.007" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T05:46:39.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="573" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-09T05:46:39.007" Score="0" Body="Covers questions on computer-science terminology such as &quot;What is the canonical translation for debug?&quot;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-09T20:02:17.617" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T20:02:17.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="574" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-09T05:50:15.290" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-09T05:50:15.290" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T05:50:15.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="575" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-09T05:50:15.290" Score="0" Body="Questions about stress in Russian words and phrases, such as &quot;Where is the stress put in word звонит?&quot;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-09T20:56:14.730" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T20:56:14.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="576" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="577" CreationDate="2012-07-09T09:09:46.957" Score="10" ViewCount="358" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are examples like &lt;em&gt;наддать пару&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;поддать пару&lt;/em&gt; (not my favorite Russian words, but still they both exist). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They have the same meaning, at least that is what gramota.ru suggests: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?lop=x&amp;amp;bts=x&amp;amp;zar=x&amp;amp;ag=x&amp;amp;ab=x&amp;amp;sin=x&amp;amp;lv=x&amp;amp;az=x&amp;amp;pe=x&amp;amp;word=%ED%E0%E4%E4%E0%F2%FC&quot;&gt;наддать&lt;/a&gt;, meaning 1 and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?lop=x&amp;amp;bts=x&amp;amp;zar=x&amp;amp;ag=x&amp;amp;ab=x&amp;amp;sin=x&amp;amp;lv=x&amp;amp;az=x&amp;amp;pe=x&amp;amp;word=%EF%EE%E4%E4%E0%F2%FC&quot;&gt;поддать&lt;/a&gt;, meaning 3. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time, prefixes &lt;em&gt;над-&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;под-&lt;/em&gt; have exactly opposite meanings, at least as long as they refer to the position in space (&lt;em&gt;над-&lt;/em&gt; stands for &lt;em&gt;above&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;под-&lt;/em&gt; stands for &lt;em&gt;under&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How come that adding prefixes with opposite meaning to the same stem results in the words with the same meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-10T08:11:36.883" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T08:11:36.883" Title="Why do &quot;наддать&quot; and &quot;поддать&quot; have the same meaning?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="576" CreationDate="2012-07-09T12:02:21.597" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;These prefixes were originally used in meaning &quot;add to the top&quot; and &quot;add to the bottom&quot;, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter prefix later obtained metaphoric meaning &quot;do a little&quot; (literally, &quot;do something in quality/quantity under the normal&quot;: &lt;em&gt;подкрась, подштопай, подлатай&lt;/em&gt;). However, it's still used   in its original meaning in some words with distinct localization: &lt;em&gt;надставка / подставка&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the words in your example do not assume distinct localization, they are almost synonymous (&quot;increase the effort&quot;), but the latter word hints a little increase while the first one hints a significant increase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare: &lt;em&gt;надбавь / подбавь&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;наддуй / поддуй&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-07-09T12:32:42.833" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T12:32:42.833" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="579" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-09T17:54:01.100" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of course, the correct original spelling of this word borrowed from a Turkic (?Tatar) language is &lt;em&gt;&quot;башка&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. The spelling &lt;em&gt;&quot;бошка&quot;&lt;/em&gt; may refer to northern-eastern dialects of Russian, which are located closer to the modern area of the Tatar language. The northern dialects tend to pronounce unstressed &quot;a&quot; as &quot;o&quot; (sorry for the absence of phonetic signs). &#xA;That's why we can consider Genitive Plural &lt;em&gt;&quot;бОшек&quot;&lt;/em&gt; as the form of &lt;em&gt;&quot;бошка&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (where shift of accent is another question), and G. Pl. &lt;em&gt;&quot;башОк&quot;&lt;/em&gt; as the one of &lt;em&gt;&quot;башка&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (the same model кишок - кишка). Though the word &lt;em&gt;&quot;башок&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is surely extinct in the modern language.&#xA;So, I think, we can't talk about the form G. Pl. of &lt;em&gt;&quot;башка&quot;&lt;/em&gt; at all, and such pair as &lt;em&gt;&quot;башкА&quot; - &quot;бОшек&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is only reconsideration of paradigm because of the absence of &lt;em&gt;&quot;башок&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;offtopic: It is interesting, that, according to the research of Vladimir Belikov, Acc.Sg. &lt;em&gt;&quot;башкУ&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is more frequently used by male respondents, while &lt;em&gt;&quot;бОшку&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is more popular with the female:)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="224" LastActivityDate="2012-07-09T17:54:01.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="580" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="132" CreationDate="2012-07-10T16:58:13.437" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;ыых - a two-string instrument used, e.g., in Khakassia&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="256" LastActivityDate="2012-07-10T16:58:13.437" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="582" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="846" CreationDate="2012-07-10T23:52:25.123" Score="14" ViewCount="861" Body="&lt;p&gt;If someone gives a derivation of a formula in math, physics, etc. without justifying the steps, you can say in English that the person is giving a &lt;em&gt;&quot;handwaving argument&quot;&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;&quot;this step is handwaving&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.  How is that idea expressed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Background: Some time ago I asked a native speaker about this but I no longer remember the answer and don't know where to find it. The English Wikipedia page on &quot;handwaving&quot; has no Russian analogue. If I type &quot;This argument is handwaving&quot; into Google Translate then the translation is &quot;Этот аргумент handwaving&quot;, which seems wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: On a recent visit to Russia I asked this question and was told by several people that the term is рукомашество, and that this particular usage of the word is recent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2012-08-12T14:20:10.557" LastActivityDate="2012-09-06T15:19:55.927" Title="How to say &quot;handwaving&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="10" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="4" ClosedDate="2012-09-06T17:31:21.707" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="582" CreationDate="2012-07-11T06:04:42.757" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One can try &lt;em&gt;объяснить на пальцах&lt;/em&gt; but it suggests simplicity of explanation (and implies lack of rigour) and is not necessarily as negative as &quot;hand-waving&quot;. Internet also suggests &quot;пассы&quot; referring to magician's tricks but I have never actually heard it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="256" LastActivityDate="2012-07-11T06:04:42.757" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="582" CreationDate="2012-07-11T07:58:40.757" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I doubt that Russian have exactly the same metaphorical meaning for waving hands. I have two different suggestions based on two different understandings of this term. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is &quot;applied to debate techniques that involve logical fallacies&quot;, it can be described as &quot;необоснованный, бездоказательный&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia says that &quot;It is also used in working situations where productive work is expected, but no work is actually accomplished.&quot; The best translation here is &lt;em&gt;показная работа&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;показуха&lt;/em&gt;, its colloquial variant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-11T11:01:35.277" LastActivityDate="2012-07-11T11:01:35.277" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="585" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="582" CreationDate="2012-07-11T12:57:27.643" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess you can use &lt;em&gt;непрозрачный&lt;/em&gt; (non-transparent) - that exactly means that there seems to be a derivation, but since some of that derivation details are not laid out clearly you can't put all the pieces together without any doubt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An alternative to that would be &lt;em&gt;мутный&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;muddy&quot;), that can mean that the derivation is suspicious and unclear, but this adjective is not for formal use (although it is not rude either) and has strong negative connotation. For example, if you're an expert and a court asks you to inspect a derivation and present an expert report then you can write in the report that &lt;em&gt;отдельные этапы доказательства непрозрачны&lt;/em&gt; (certain steps of derivation are non-transparent), but you can't write &lt;em&gt;отдельные этапы доказательства мутны&lt;/em&gt; (literally &lt;em&gt;certain steps of derivation are &quot;muddy&quot;&lt;/em&gt;) although if a fellow experts asks your opinion you can use the latter wording when speaking to him - something like &lt;em&gt;вот этот этап какой-то мутный&lt;/em&gt; (literally &lt;em&gt;this step is rather &quot;muddy&quot;&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="191" LastEditorUserId="191" LastEditDate="2012-07-12T08:35:54.887" LastActivityDate="2012-07-12T08:35:54.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="582" CreationDate="2012-07-11T17:32:42.983" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen &lt;em&gt;пассы руками&lt;/em&gt; in this context. I'm pretty sure the usage was modeled after English. Russian mathematicians seem to just use the English word, as it's more concise and expressive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="248" LastActivityDate="2012-07-11T17:32:42.983" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="582" CreationDate="2012-07-12T06:53:00.523" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, there is no direct translation. In each case you will need to translate it differently, depending on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wiki says :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Handwaving is a pejorative label applied to the action of displaying&#xA;  the appearance of doing something, when actually doing little, or&#xA;  nothing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, assuming you want such a meaning, you can use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Создавать иллюзию деятельности&quot; or &quot;Создавать видимость деятельности&quot; which literaly translates to &quot;Create an appearance (or visibility) of action(or work)&quot;. A common phrase would also be &quot;создавать видимость &lt;em&gt;бурной&lt;/em&gt; деятельности&quot;. You can use this when you, for example, want to describe someone who is doing nothing at work, but tries to pretend he is working hard when his boss comes by:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Он целый день сидел и создавал иллюзию бурной деятельности&quot; &gt;(literally)&gt; For the whole day he was just sitting there and creating an appearance of hard work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, for the debate. Wiki says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Handwaving is also occasionally used in informal debate or discussion.&#xA;  If the opponent in a debate uses the term, it is meant as a shorthand&#xA;  way to accuse the proponent in the debate of having committed a&#xA;  logical fallacy. In this sense, it is also as if a participant is&#xA;  waving their hands to obscure clear debate, as a verbal or logical&#xA;  smoke screen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The part about &quot;smoke screen&quot; is easy, you can say that the opponent is trying to &quot;запутать&quot;, &quot;создать дымовую завесу&quot; (which would be a literal translation), or, if you want a colloquial form, &quot;запудрить мозги&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the other parts of the wiki article, I can't really come with a short (or, possibly, one-word) translation for them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If someone gives a derivation of a formula in math, physics, etc. without justifying the &gt; steps, you can say in English that the person&#xA;  is giving a &quot;handwaving argument&quot; or &quot;this step is handwaving&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose the meaning here is close to &quot;unclear&quot;, &quot;unobvious&quot; or &quot;ambiguous&quot;. In this case you can say &quot;неочевидный&quot;, or &quot;неясный&quot; which is not a literal translation, but suits well f you are talking about, say, a math formula:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This step of the deduction is handwaving &gt;&gt; &quot;Этот шаг доказательства&#xA;  неочевиден.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user254" LastEditorDisplayName="user254" LastEditDate="2012-07-12T11:35:14.250" LastActivityDate="2012-07-12T11:35:14.250" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="590" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="592" CreationDate="2012-07-13T13:08:03.653" Score="11" ViewCount="1080" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can the following words be used in any context? I even doubt that some of them exist, but I cannot think of any reason why they shouldn't:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;разработаться&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  расчитаться (from читать)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  раздуматься&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, words like the following are completely normal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;раскричаться&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  расписаться (meaning &quot;get into a good mood for writing, gather speed when writing something&quot;)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  размечтаться&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering what is the meaning that &quot;рас-ся&quot; adds to the meaning of the verb, is this derivation regular and if yes, why the words from the first group sound strange (do they?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2017-10-05T18:29:51.107" Title="The meaning of verbs with prefix &quot;раз-\рас-&quot; and postfix &quot;-ся&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="569" CreationDate="2012-07-13T13:46:19.500" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Давно смолкли залпы орудий&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;авт.В.Высоцкий&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Давно смолкли залпы орудий,&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Над нами лишь солнечный свет, -&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;На чем проверяются люди,&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Если войны уже нет? &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Приходится слышать нередко&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Сейчас, как тогда:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&quot;Ты бы пошел с ним в разведку?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Нет или да?&quot; &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="266" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-07-13T15:02:01.493" LastActivityDate="2012-07-13T15:02:01.493" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="590" CreationDate="2012-07-13T14:06:58.387" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning you're referring to is the one of &lt;em&gt;start doing something and become good at it&lt;/em&gt;.  For example, &lt;em&gt;распеться&lt;/em&gt; means _to start singing and get to the point where you &quot;warm up&quot; enough to be able to do it well.  There are some deviations but all around the same meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your example of &lt;em&gt;раскричаться&lt;/em&gt; is commonly used when somebody is screaming for some time, meaning that they've &quot;warmed up&quot; enough to be good at it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Размечтаться&lt;/em&gt; is normally used when a person comes up with absolutely unrealistic and unachievable desires, the state where in English one could respond by &quot;dream on&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Разработаться&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;расчитаться&lt;/em&gt; in the sense that you mentioned in your post are not commonly used but I've encountered them in literature and regular speech and even use them myself once in a while.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also some exceptions to the structural meaning of such words, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Расписаться&lt;/em&gt; usually means &lt;em&gt;to put one's signature to/in/on something&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;to start writing and become good at it&lt;/em&gt;, although this second meaning is sometimes used as well, especially when referring to writers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Рассчитаться&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;to pay off&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;to settle the debt&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;to start and get good at counting&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Разобраться&lt;/em&gt; is closest in meaning &lt;em&gt;to figure out&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that such words cannot be created from all verbs.  However most imperfect verbs (несовершенные глаголы) сould work while pretty much none of the perfect verbs (совершенные глаголы) would not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-07-13T14:06:58.387" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="590" CreationDate="2012-07-13T14:33:15.247" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;These words have slightly negative (or ironical) connotation in the modern language (&lt;em&gt;что-то ты, брат, рас…ся&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since &quot;dreaming&quot; or &quot;shouting&quot; too much can have undesired consequences and hence fit for this connotation, the words from your second list still live, but those from the first list are almost extinct (though the paradigm is productive and the constructed words can be used rhetorically, as intended barbarisms):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Товарищ первый нам сказал, что вы уймитесь,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Что — не буяньте, говорит, что — разойдитесь.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ну, на &quot;разойтись&quot; я, кстати, тут же согласился —&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И разошёлся, то есть расходился!  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Высоцкий В., &quot;Милицейский протокол&quot;, 1971&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Потом и я разработался и, соответственно, произведения стали получаться все лучше и лучше. &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.proza.ru/rec_author.html?bahmat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;proza.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Первый раз я серьёзно раздумался о своей будущности. &lt;em&gt;[И. И. Панаев. Раздел имения (1850-1860)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Когда лежал в госпитале, «расчитался» от нечего делать и теперь, как без наркотика, не мог без этого, без Лерочкиной «Бовари». &lt;em&gt;[Андрей Житков. Супермаркет (2000)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the last example the word is clearly marked as constructed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the word &lt;em&gt;раздумался&lt;/em&gt; had been used neutrally along with the modern &lt;em&gt;задумался&lt;/em&gt; at least till the beginning of the XX century. &lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/Q608N&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This graph&lt;/a&gt; shows it quite cleary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-07-13T15:28:55.277" LastActivityDate="2012-07-13T15:28:55.277" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="132" CreationDate="2012-07-13T17:57:29.330" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ыллымах — посёлок (до 2005 года посёлок городского типа) в Алданском улусе республики Якутии. Почтовый индекс — 678920.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="266" LastActivityDate="2012-07-13T17:57:29.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="595" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="599" CreationDate="2012-07-14T15:28:59.640" Score="23" ViewCount="12747" Body="&lt;p&gt;On a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russlandjournal.de/podcasts/lektionen/urok-18-wegbeschreibung/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;German page about the Russian language&lt;/a&gt;, I learned the words&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;прямо [prjáma] – gerade aus &lt;sub&gt;(straight on)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  направо [napráwa] – rechts &lt;sub&gt;(right)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  налево [naléwa] – links &lt;sub&gt;(left)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for directions (location plan[*]), for instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Идите прямо и потом поверните налево. &lt;sub&gt;(Go ahead and then turn left.)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Coincidentally, I came across an &lt;a href=&quot;http://uppsala.academia.edu/IngridMaier/Papers/1351781/Die_Semantik_vonrechts_undlinks_auf_Russisch_und_die_Dimension_des_Personenbezugs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;academic work&lt;/a&gt; (written in German) about &lt;em&gt;left&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;right&lt;/em&gt; in the Russian language. While reading I learned that there are another two words for both &lt;em&gt;left&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;right&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;b&gt;left&lt;/b&gt;   &lt;b&gt;right&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;сле́ва  спра́ва&#xA;вле́во  впра́во&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the academic work the three words are compared to each other. The author examined two corpora with more than one million words. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iTkQ4.png&quot; alt=&quot;frequency of usage table&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, the word pair which I learned (&lt;em&gt;налево&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;направо&lt;/em&gt;) is just the second most common designator for &lt;em&gt;left&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;right&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd like to briefly summarize what I came to know from the academic work. (I hope that I don't have any misconceptions.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The writer distinguishes between three cases. The (1) &quot;direct personal direction&quot; (e.g. The sea is to my left), the (2) &quot;indirect personal direction&quot; (e.g. The police station is on the left side from the church) and the (3) &quot;non-personal direction&quot; (e.g. The seats on the left side of the cinema).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The examples she uses are solely taken from literary texts (sorry, I was wrong. Not solely, a few one are taken from a dictionary).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. I start with (1). When talking about direct personal directions, the most common word pair is &lt;em&gt;сле́ва&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;спра́ва&lt;/em&gt;. Only &lt;em&gt;налево&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;направо&lt;/em&gt; can be used without changing the meaning of a sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b. I continue with (2). When talking about indirect personal directions, &lt;em&gt;сле́ва&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;спра́ва&lt;/em&gt; is, again, most frequently used. Both other word pairs can be used synonymously; examples for &lt;em&gt;налево&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;направо&lt;/em&gt; were only found in dictionaries though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c. Lastly (3). When talking about non-personal directions, only the word pair &lt;em&gt;сле́ва&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;спра́ва&lt;/em&gt; is used. No written examples exist using the other word pairs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Since the writer isn't native Russian herself, she consulted Russian friends asking them about their personal opinions for interchangeability.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The time of the origin of the literary texts is not clear. At least I haven't been able to find that information.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, finally here are my questions. I'm sorry for combining a couple of questions into one, but they belong together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Are the summarized results valid for nowadays colloquial speech and everyday conversations? Would you also agree that &lt;em&gt;сле́ва&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;спра́ва&lt;/em&gt; is the most frequent word pair, while &lt;em&gt;вле́во&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;впра́во&lt;/em&gt; only rarely used? (The gap seems very large.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I learned &lt;em&gt;налево&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;направо&lt;/em&gt; for directions (location plan). According to b. there are no written examples using them in indirect personal directions. I personally would integrate directions into category (2), i.e. indirect personal directions. However, &lt;em&gt;налево&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;направо&lt;/em&gt; are accepted as synonyms for the category (2), but only dictionary examples are existing. That's somewhat ambivalent and inconsistent. Are &lt;em&gt;налево&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;направо&lt;/em&gt; the preferred words for describing directions (location plan)?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Which main distinctions do you personally see between those three word pairs. As a non-native, do I need to carefully think about which word I use for not being mistaken?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I tried to figure out if German or English do also have different words for &lt;em&gt;left&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;right&lt;/em&gt;, but I can't think of any. Maybe my understanding of the three word pairs is just wrong and therefore I can't conclude the correct German or English counterparts, if any existing. Do you know counterparts in the English language (and German, if applicable)?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess after writing that long text and now being tired and weary, I might have forgotten something. Please feel free to add any thoughts to your answer if you consider them to be important, interesting or helpful in any way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[*] Since I often used the word &quot;directions&quot; in two different senses, I (hopefully always) designated that word with &quot;location plan&quot; when talking about ... yeah, directions ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="109" LastEditorUserId="109" LastEditDate="2013-08-24T18:24:25.367" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T07:01:07.730" Title="&quot;Left&quot; and &quot;right&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="595" CreationDate="2012-07-14T17:38:40.187" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I. Are the summarized results valid for nowadays colloquial speech and everyday conversations? &#xA;YES&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;III. Which main distinctions do you personally see between those three word pairs. As a non-native, do I need to carefully think about which word I'll use for not being mistaken?&#xA;It will be better for you if you divide this words by derivation and then try to describe word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;слева - Приставка &quot;с&quot; + корень &quot;лев&quot; + суффикс &quot;а&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;направо - Приставка &quot;на&quot; + корень &quot;прав&quot; + суффикс &quot;о&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every &quot;Приставка&quot; has it own very big meaning. And I think it better to understand russian words this way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are налево and направо the preferred words for describing directions (location plan)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NO. They are used, depending on situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слева от чего-то. Relative location to something&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Направо - прямое указание. Absolute location&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поверни вправо. Location in some action&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="268" LastActivityDate="2012-07-14T17:38:40.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="582" CreationDate="2012-07-14T17:48:17.770" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it like useless, то бесполезный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it like without logic in answer, only empty words, то пустословный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it like answer only with gesticulation - no short word for it. Типа &quot;разводя руками&quot;, &quot;постоянно жестикулируя&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="268" LastActivityDate="2012-07-14T17:48:17.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="595" CreationDate="2012-07-14T18:05:31.250" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;These words are sometimes used in different situations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мы (намеренно) сворачиваем направо/налево&#xA;  We are turning to the right / to the left&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мы (непроизвольно) отклоняемся вправо/влево&#xA;  We are deviating from our course to the right / to the left&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="266" LastEditorUserId="266" LastEditDate="2012-09-05T16:27:42.637" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T16:27:42.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="595" CreationDate="2012-07-14T19:50:46.903" Score="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two interrogatives in Russian corresponding to English &quot;where&quot;: locational (&lt;em&gt;где?&lt;/em&gt;) and directional (&lt;em&gt;куда?&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Where are you? &lt;em&gt;Где ты?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Where are you going (to)? &lt;em&gt;Куда ты идёшь?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;справа&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;слева&lt;/em&gt; are locational adverbs, they describe locations of the objects: &lt;em&gt;этот дом справа от меня&lt;/em&gt;. They correspond to English &quot;to the right of&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;вправо/направо&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;влево/налево&lt;/em&gt; are directional, they describe directions: &lt;em&gt;поверни направо, посмотри влево&lt;/em&gt;.  They correspond to English &quot;to the right&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mixing &lt;em&gt;справа&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;направо/вправо&lt;/em&gt; is ungrammatical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, &lt;em&gt;направо&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;вправо&lt;/em&gt; are both directional adverbs, and in modern language they are quite interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, &lt;em&gt;направо/налево&lt;/em&gt; assume changing movement direction or the line of sight in the corresponding direction and &lt;em&gt;вправо/влево&lt;/em&gt; assume keeping it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, when you turn, you change direction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/Zl8LG&quot;&gt;повернул на…&lt;/a&gt;, 334 entries&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/WZyGB&quot;&gt;повернул в…&lt;/a&gt;, 198 entries&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and when you sidestep, you keep it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/tW416&quot;&gt;шагнул на…&lt;/a&gt;, 17 entries&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/5ckhO&quot;&gt;шагнул в…&lt;/a&gt;, 162 entries&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this rule is not strict and the words can be used interchangeably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-07-15T06:38:29.747" LastActivityDate="2012-07-15T06:38:29.747" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="600" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="616" CreationDate="2012-07-15T02:31:02.093" Score="10" ViewCount="6668" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need to translate the word &quot;срач&quot; to a different language. I am having a hard time trying to say it in different words in order to accurately explain the exact shade of the meaning. Could you please propose some synonyms for &quot;срач&quot; to help me understand its meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-15T20:32:32.137" LastActivityDate="2015-05-21T16:52:53.440" Title="What are synonyms for &quot;срач&quot;?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="601" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-15T03:12:44.537" Score="14" ViewCount="4139" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been asked to explain why people say &lt;em&gt;вешать лапшу на уши&lt;/em&gt; for uncovering lies and expressing distrust. Where does it come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="19" LastEditDate="2012-07-15T15:04:50.027" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T15:42:46.790" Title="Put noodles onto somebody's ears?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="600" CreationDate="2012-07-15T03:20:40.387" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;срач&quot; has a strong negative, condescending connotation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ну и срач у тебя дома&quot; sounds similar to &quot;Your home is a pigsty&quot; and &quot;У тебя дом весь загажен&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar, although milder, expressions are as follows: &quot;У тебя дома бардак&quot; (milder, but still condescending), &quot;У тебя дома грязь, беспорядок&quot; (neutral, non-judgmental).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="266" LastEditorUserId="266" LastEditDate="2012-07-15T16:51:32.157" LastActivityDate="2012-07-15T16:51:32.157" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="603" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="610" CreationDate="2012-07-15T05:31:35.033" Score="13" ViewCount="20783" Body="&lt;p&gt;When somebody asks &lt;em&gt;как дела?&lt;/em&gt;, what are the common things that I can use to answer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="177" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T11:09:59.017" LastActivityDate="2012-08-23T21:05:21.543" Title="What are the common responses to &quot;как дела?&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;приветствия&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="603" CreationDate="2012-07-15T08:22:49.297" Score="9" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;oтлично&lt;/em&gt; (excellent)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Очень&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;em&gt;хорошó&lt;/em&gt; ((very) good)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;нормáльно&lt;/em&gt; (all right)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ничего&lt;/em&gt; (OK / so-so)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;неплóхо&lt;/em&gt; (not bad; negation of the following word)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;так себе&lt;/em&gt; (not very good)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;плóхо&lt;/em&gt; (bad)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;хуже некуда&lt;/em&gt; \ &lt;em&gt;хуже не бывает&lt;/em&gt; (can't be worse)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example dialog where such variants can be used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;em&gt;Привет! Как дела?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;em&gt;Очень хорошо, спасибо. А у тебя?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;em&gt;Тóже хорошó&lt;/em&gt; (good, too)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="109" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-15T10:59:35.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="601" CreationDate="2012-07-15T11:25:13.763" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I understand you correctly, you mean the Russian expression &lt;em&gt;вешать лапшу на уши&lt;/em&gt; - &quot;to tell lies, to give baloney to somebody&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I can see, there are two things to be explained. First is why the verb is &lt;em&gt;вешать&lt;/em&gt; - to hang. Second is why the word is &lt;em&gt;лапша&lt;/em&gt; - noodles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://otvet.mail.ru/question/53048655/&quot;&gt;Internet search&lt;/a&gt; shows that the etymology of this phrase is unclear, and there are several versions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лапша&lt;/em&gt; stands not for &quot;noodles&quot;, but for &quot;long and narrow rags of cloth&quot;, &lt;em&gt;вешать лапшу&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;to hang rags on somebody's ears&quot;, that is, to cover or to knot the ears so that the person cannot hear clearly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лапша&lt;/em&gt; comes from criminal argot and means case, &quot;to hang a case to somebody's ears&quot; originally meant &quot;to set up someone&quot;. However, it doesn't actually fit the meaning of the expression as we know it now (see above).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, &lt;em&gt;лапша&lt;/em&gt; simply means &quot;noodles&quot;, but the expression got naturalized because there is a verb &lt;em&gt;облапошить&lt;/em&gt; that sounds similar and means &quot;to cheat, to trick someone&quot; (usually by a very easy trick or because this someone is a duffer). &lt;em&gt;Вешать&lt;/em&gt; is probably used because of another expression &lt;em&gt;развесить уши&lt;/em&gt; - &quot;to listen without thinking critically&quot;, literally &quot;to hang out ears&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None of the versions is reliable. I personally prefer the third one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-15T17:08:58.263" LastActivityDate="2012-07-15T17:08:58.263" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="603" CreationDate="2012-07-15T15:57:48.443" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;As compared to Americans, Russians are substantially less into small talk. For example, typical greetings rarely are longer than just &amp;quot;Привет&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the question &amp;quot;Как дела?&amp;quot; goes beyond standard small talk, and as such it may mean that the person actually expects some in-depth answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The example dialog form Em1's answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Привет! Как дела?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Очень хорошо, спасибо. А у тебя?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Тóже хорошó (good, too)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;does not sound like a typical Russian dialog; it is probably a translation of a typical American one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="266" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-15T20:32:24.977" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="603" CreationDate="2012-07-15T18:02:09.800" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rhymed answer may be &lt;em&gt;как сажа бела&lt;/em&gt;. The answer is ironical, literally translates as &quot;as white as soot&quot; and means that things go from bad to worse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="256" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-15T20:32:38.473" LastActivityDate="2012-07-15T20:32:38.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="609" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="611" CreationDate="2012-07-15T18:05:04.760" Score="9" ViewCount="3050" Body="&lt;p&gt;What do I call somebody being a smart ass in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, I would say smart asses are: arrogant, annoying, think they are witty and funny, but they are not, think everybody cares of what they say, but nobody does, but still have something to say on any topic, think they are messengers of goodness while being just stupid jerks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-16T15:04:29.673" LastActivityDate="2013-09-16T14:52:43.823" Title="What do I call somebody being a smart ass in Russian?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="603" CreationDate="2012-07-15T20:30:59.503" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, &lt;em&gt;как дела?&lt;/em&gt; is quite a formal greeting requiring a formal response. A common response would be &lt;em&gt;ничего&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;нормально&lt;/em&gt;, adding a formal &lt;em&gt;спасибо&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This kind of greeting is, however, not appropriate to complete strangers and might be considered an inappropriate familiarity. It's more suitable between coworkers, partners etc., who are not close friends, before discussing business matters. It would be impolite to ask this a person you have not been introduced to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the person asking is to show deeper interest (still keeping the question polite and non-obligating), they would add an interlocutor: &lt;em&gt;как у вас дела?&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;как ваши дела?&lt;/em&gt;. This would be an invitation to talk, which one might refuse by giving the formal response, or accept, really describing how are they doing. A &lt;em&gt;спасибо&lt;/em&gt; would be appropriate too. This is appropriate between friends, colleagues, neighbors etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My favorite response (which I personally use quite often) is &lt;em&gt;вашими молитвами!&lt;/em&gt;. It's a short form of &lt;em&gt;вашими святыми молитвами, как шестами подпираемся&lt;/em&gt; (your holy prayers support us like poles). This literally means &quot;I feel just as good as much you pray for me&quot;, is at the same time well-known and rarely used, and sounds quite ironic and funny to give the warm tone to the whole conversation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-07-15T20:30:59.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="609" CreationDate="2012-07-15T20:36:53.510" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the sake of completeness, I'll add the answer here.  The best translation is &lt;em&gt;умник&lt;/em&gt;. However it's not as rude as &lt;em&gt;smart ass&lt;/em&gt; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-07-15T20:36:53.510" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-07-15T20:36:53.510" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="603" CreationDate="2012-07-16T06:28:06.100" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the previous post, I want to list more variants:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Неважно - Things are not too good.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Более-менее - More or less OK. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Ужасно - Terrible. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="272" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-23T21:05:21.543" LastActivityDate="2012-08-23T21:05:21.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="609" CreationDate="2012-07-16T08:14:38.957" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In context someone young who found unusual solution in difficult situation. For example brought bottle of Vodka without having any money.&#xA; - Ай да Васька, ай да сукин сын!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="232" LastActivityDate="2012-07-16T08:14:38.957" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="615" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="609" CreationDate="2012-07-16T15:21:26.697" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian it might be easier to say that someone is &lt;em&gt;being&lt;/em&gt; a smart ass, or &lt;em&gt;acting&lt;/em&gt; like a smart ass. A very polite or high brow way to translate &quot;He is being a smart ass&quot; would be &lt;code&gt;Он много о себе мнит&lt;/code&gt;, i. e. &quot;He thinks too highly of himself.&quot; Colloquially you could say &lt;code&gt;Он выпендривается&lt;/code&gt;, or if you wish to be really rude, you could say &lt;code&gt;Он выёбывается&lt;/code&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the same token you could translate &quot;Don't be a smart ass!&quot; as &lt;code&gt;Не выпендривайся!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2012-07-16T19:07:24.653" LastActivityDate="2012-07-16T19:07:24.653" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="600" CreationDate="2012-07-16T15:28:58.887" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Synonyms for &lt;code&gt;срач&lt;/code&gt; meaning &quot;a mess&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;беспорядок&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;грязь (в доме)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бардак&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;раскардаш&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;свинюшник&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бедлам&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;разгром&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2012-11-27T14:37:20.780" LastActivityDate="2012-11-27T14:37:20.780" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="617" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="619" CreationDate="2012-07-16T18:53:44.730" Score="27" ViewCount="8560" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose you want to ask someone for directions or to attract someone's attention. What is the appropriate way to address this person?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;..., подскажите, как выйти на улицу Чехова?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;..., вы платок уронили.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English it would be &quot;mister&quot; or &quot;miss(is)&quot;, in French people say &quot;monsieur&quot; or &quot;madame&quot;. Is there something like this in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2018-10-07T06:51:12.673" Title="How to address people in the street?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;этикет&gt;&lt;приветствия&gt;" AnswerCount="13" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="617" CreationDate="2012-07-16T19:34:28.563" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is perfectly normal not to address a person at all. &#xA;Both &lt;em&gt;подскажи́те, как пройти́ на у́лицу Че́хова?&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;вы урони́ли плато́к&lt;/em&gt; are normal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also use &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;граждани́н&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;гражда́нка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;мужчи́на&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;же́нщина&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;ма́льчик&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;де́вочка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;де́душка&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;ба́бушка&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I child may address an adult as &lt;em&gt;дя́дя&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;тётя&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="266" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-06-07T16:55:31.083" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T16:55:31.083" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="617" CreationDate="2012-07-16T21:01:30.370" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;A boy or girl can be addressed &lt;em&gt;мальчик&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;девочка&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A person looking between about 14 and 35 could be addressed &lt;em&gt;молодой человек&lt;/em&gt; (male) or &lt;em&gt;девушка&lt;/em&gt; (female).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more senior person lacks the proper addressing in the modern language. There are several forms of address of limited use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;гражданин / гражданка&lt;/em&gt; (used by law enforcement, may also be used by strangers, but this sounds too official)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;товарищ&lt;/em&gt; (widely used in Soviet time but almost obsolete now, though still acceptable. Without adding a surname, only appropriate for males)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;мужчина / женщина&lt;/em&gt; (are only appropriate to draw attention of a complete stranger you're unlikely to ever talk to again, in an urgent case).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мужчина, вы кошелёк уронили.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Женщина, вы не выходите на следующей остановке?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;уважаемый / уважаемая&lt;/em&gt; can be used (somewhat ironically) to make a polite remark to a person violating the norms of behavior:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Уважаемый, разрешите пройти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Уважаемая, уберите тележку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If in doubt, it would be best to use an impersonal addressing: &lt;em&gt;прошу прощения&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;извините&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A child before about 8 can call an adult &lt;em&gt;дядя / тётя&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;бабушка / дедушка&lt;/em&gt;. The latter are also appropriate for younger people to address senior people, but only if they called them &lt;em&gt;сынок&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;дочка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;внучек&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;внучка&lt;/em&gt; first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An Orthodox priest, monk or a nun can be addressed &lt;em&gt;батюшка / матушка&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A police officer can be addressed &lt;em&gt;товарищ полицейский&lt;/em&gt;, or, if you can read insignia, &lt;em&gt;товарищ&lt;/em&gt; with addition of their rank: &lt;em&gt;товарищ сержант&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;товарищ капитан&lt;/em&gt;. Usually, servicemen are very sensitive to rank formalities so use the first if in doubt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When starting a letter, the recipient can be addressed &lt;em&gt;уважаемый&lt;/em&gt; with compulsory addition of their first name (and probably patronymic) if you know it: &lt;em&gt;уважаемый Василий Львович&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;уважаемая Светлана&lt;/em&gt;. Without the name, this addressing would sound derogatory (as in the previous examples).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T14:30:58.597" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="609" CreationDate="2012-07-16T22:31:31.737" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say хитрожопый would be the closest translation, I believe it's a modern word and might have been borrowed by translating from English. It is pretty popular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="276" LastActivityDate="2012-07-16T22:31:31.737" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="595" CreationDate="2012-07-16T23:37:01.417" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is another possible using of &lt;code&gt;налево&lt;/code&gt; in Russian: &lt;code&gt;сходить налево&lt;/code&gt; - means cheating on one's wife...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another possible meaning can be: &lt;code&gt;левая (или правая) партия (в парламенте)&lt;/code&gt;. From &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%28%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Термины «правые» и «левые» впервые появились во французском Национальном Собрании времён Великой Французской революции. В нём возникли три направления: справа сидели фельяны — сторонники конституционной монархии; в центре сидели жирондисты — умеренные сторонники республики; слева сидели якобинцы, выступавшие за радикальные преобразования. Таким образом, изначально правыми называли тех, кто желает сохранить существующее положение (консерваторов), а левыми — тех, кто выступал за перемены (радикалов).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize: &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Левые (политика)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - The general name for the political forces the goal of which is social equality and making better living conditions for the least privileged parts of society, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%28%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Правые&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - is the name for political forces which goal is opposed to the &lt;code&gt;Левые&lt;/code&gt;: natural (except for the &lt;code&gt;радикальные правые&lt;/code&gt;) inequality, and they adhere to the principles of capitalism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="277" LastEditorUserId="173" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T10:47:00.783" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T10:47:00.783" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="600" CreationDate="2012-07-16T23:45:31.660" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also is possible to use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;кавардак&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;гадюшник&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="277" LastActivityDate="2012-07-16T23:45:31.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="623" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-17T00:02:06.463" Score="6" ViewCount="541" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not quite clear what people mean by saying сложно переоценить. Can anyone explain?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The literal translation would be hard to overestimate, which doesn't make sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T15:33:31.973" LastActivityDate="2012-07-19T21:58:16.790" Title="what do people mean by saying сложно переоценить это?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="429" CreationDate="2012-07-17T00:13:35.647" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, you should use &lt;code&gt;лапы&lt;/code&gt; (or &lt;code&gt;лапки&lt;/code&gt;) when talking about (especially small) birds (i.e. &lt;code&gt;куриные (утиные, гусиные) лапки&lt;/code&gt;) (may be there are some exclusions, when the speech is about some big birds, like &lt;code&gt;аист&lt;/code&gt;), but birds are not the only case...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;мишка косолапый&lt;/code&gt; - this is about bears legs...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a beautiful Russian cartoon - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLy8gPLyqVQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Крылья, ноги и хвосты&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;code&gt;лапы&lt;/code&gt; are used in plural more often then &lt;code&gt;лапа&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="277" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T00:13:35.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="625" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="632" CreationDate="2012-07-17T00:42:19.030" Score="9" ViewCount="671" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the most notorious things for which Russian is known as one of the hardest to learn?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastActivityDate="2012-07-19T12:59:56.627" Title="Hard things about Russian" Tags="&lt;лингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="623" CreationDate="2012-07-17T02:31:55.160" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сложно переоценить эффективность&lt;/em&gt; (it is very efficient)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ребята, вашу работу и значимость вашей роли сложно переоценить&lt;/em&gt; (Guys, you did an awesome job/your contribution was fantastic)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="266" LastEditorUserId="109" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T11:09:48.550" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T11:09:48.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="623" CreationDate="2012-07-17T04:29:23.313" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To understand &lt;em&gt;сложно переоценить&lt;/em&gt;, one must first understand the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;переоценить&lt;/em&gt; is not exactly &lt;em&gt;estimate&lt;/em&gt; in the sense used in this word.&#xA;it means literally &quot;to give too much value&quot;; as in if I build something, you come in and tell me how wonderful it is, I can act all modest saying &quot;your giving too much value to it, it's not &lt;strong&gt;that&lt;/strong&gt; great&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;сложно переоценить&lt;/em&gt; plays an on-contrer on this word, saying it is so great,&#xA;you can't really give too much value to it.&#xA;To further explain, this expression is used mainly in literature,&#xA;emphasizing the contribution, the value &lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt; gave to &lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="278" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T04:29:23.313" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="429" CreationDate="2012-07-17T04:33:50.673" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;it depends on the context, but лапы are simply an animal's feet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="278" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T04:33:50.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="623" CreationDate="2012-07-17T07:22:57.427" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Переоценивать&lt;/em&gt; has two meanings in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to revalue, i.e. to determine the value once again. For example, the things that were considered important in the Soviet time were not any more after Perestroyka. They were revalued, &lt;em&gt;переоценены&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to over-estimate, i.e. to give a too high value to something. For example, one can overestimate ones ability to ride 100 km per day by bike. This would be called &lt;em&gt;переоценивать свои возможности&lt;/em&gt; in Russian.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, the phrase &lt;em&gt;сложно&lt;/em&gt; (also &lt;em&gt;трудно&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;em&gt;переоценить&lt;/em&gt; relates to the second meaning above. It means that the subject has such a high value that it is difficult / hard to give a too high value for it. For example: It is hard to overestimate the contribution of this guy to the project. — &lt;em&gt;Трудно переоценить вклад это парня в проект&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a phrase &lt;em&gt;невозможно переоценить&lt;/em&gt;, which basically means that the value is so high that it is really impossible to overestimate it. For example, if the project could be completed only due to participation of someone and would have failed without this person, one can say: &lt;em&gt;Невозможно переоценить его участие в проекте&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T07:22:57.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="429" CreationDate="2012-07-17T08:18:31.070" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically speaking, &lt;em&gt;лапа&lt;/em&gt; is just &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%EB%E0%EF%E0&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an animal leg&lt;/a&gt;. So birds have &lt;em&gt;лапы&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, according to the comments, the OP is about the language feeling, so I'll elaborate in that direction. Let's compare different uses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;нога человека&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;лапа&lt;/em&gt; as a gentle address to a beloved one&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;лапа&lt;/em&gt; as a reference to a very thick, unattractive leg&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;нога аиста&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;гусиная лапа&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;tigers, cats have &lt;em&gt;лапы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;giraffes, horses have &lt;em&gt;ноги&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;еловая лапа&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I risk to suggest that &lt;em&gt;лапа&lt;/em&gt; is used whenever one wants to emphasize the soft nature of a leg. Fur-covered legs give the feeling of softness and are thus called &lt;em&gt;лапы&lt;/em&gt;. A leg is likely to be called &lt;em&gt;лапа&lt;/em&gt; if it is thick and short, thereby imitating softness. That's why storks have no chance of having &lt;em&gt;лапы&lt;/em&gt;, unlike, say, sparrows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T08:18:31.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="625" CreationDate="2012-07-17T09:55:02.043" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Inflections, especially the &lt;strong&gt;cases&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;verb conjugations&lt;/strong&gt;. Also the &lt;strong&gt;number&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;gender&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pronunciation of certain sounds non-existent in languages like English. That includes the vowel sound of &lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt; [ɨ], all palatalized consonants, and rolling the &lt;strong&gt;Р&lt;/strong&gt; [r]. Also, the chains of consonants as in &quot;*&lt;em&gt;вздр&lt;/em&gt;*огнуть&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stress in words. It's mostly unpredictable in Russian and you'll have to refer to your dictionary a lot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="108" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T09:55:02.043" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="625" CreationDate="2012-07-17T10:03:21.320" Score="8" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alphabet. It's not Latin, people spend a week or so to only remember that P is not [p], but [r].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aspect. It is formed irregularly, it has tons of minor meanings, and the exact interpretation depends on certain properties of the verb meaning. And it also depends on prefixes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Inflection. You have to learn large paradigms only to be able to say a short sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rich derivation. You can form many words just by adding suffixes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Word order. It is not free, as some people say, but it encodes the information structure of the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Phonology. Quality of vowels changes depending on the stress in the word (which is also not always fixed), voiced consonants become voiceless depending on the following consonant or on the position in the word.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, Russian is not as hard to learn as Welsh or Hungarian. But not many people want to learn these languages (for some reason), and that may be another reason why they focus on Russian and say it's hard. It probably wouldn't be so hard in comparison =)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T21:30:44.227" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T21:30:44.227" CommentCount="17" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="600" CreationDate="2012-07-17T10:15:20.703" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Besides the common meaning of &quot;mess&quot;, it can also mean &quot;a quarrel&quot;, &quot;a pointless argument&quot;, usually applied to discussions on the Internet. So, the synonyms for this meaning will be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ссора&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;спор&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ругань&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usages are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;хохлосрач&quot; — &quot;a quarrel about Ukraine or Ukrainians&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;срач на тему &lt;em&gt;чего-либо&lt;/em&gt;&quot; — &quot;a quarrel about &lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;развели тут срач!&quot; — &quot;you started a pointless argument&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And you may want to know about a verb &quot;сраться&quot; which means &quot;to quarrel&quot; and has synonyms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ссориться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ругаться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;спорить&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usages:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Хватит сраться!&quot;, &quot;Не сритесь!&quot; — &quot;Stop fighting!&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="279" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T10:15:20.703" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="634" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-17T10:38:06.503" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T10:38:06.503" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T10:38:06.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="635" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-17T10:38:06.503" Score="0" Body="Questions about the meaning of words or phrases that you couldn't find in a dictionary." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T11:10:01.593" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T11:10:01.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="636" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-17T14:06:37.333" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions about dictionaries, corpora, textbooks, references and any other materials that can be used for learning or studying Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-07-31T15:27:57.177" LastActivityDate="2012-07-31T15:27:57.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="637" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-17T14:06:37.333" Score="0" Body="Note: Make sure your question is very specific when asking for resources. This kind of questions are soon to be put off topic. " OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-07-31T15:27:57.177" LastActivityDate="2012-07-31T15:27:57.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="638" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-17T14:12:02.790" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T14:12:02.790" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T14:12:02.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="639" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-17T14:12:02.790" Score="0" Body="Questions regarding established socio-cultural norms of using different words and expressions in speech and writing." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T14:44:29.263" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T14:44:29.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="640" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-17T14:45:34.427" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T14:45:34.427" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T14:45:34.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="641" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-17T14:45:34.427" Score="0" Body="Questions about different forms of greetings." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T15:36:32.903" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T15:36:32.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="642" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-17T14:48:32.503" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T14:48:32.503" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T14:48:32.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="643" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-17T14:48:32.503" Score="0" Body="Questions about the formal, theoretical description of meaning of morphemes (e.g. suffixes), words, or constructions. For questions about the meaning of concrete words or expressions see tags &quot;meaning&quot;, &quot;single-word-request&quot;, &quot;word-choice&quot;, &quot;usage&quot; and &quot;expressions&quot;. " OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T15:36:40.233" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T15:36:40.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="644" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-17T15:15:46.667" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T15:15:46.667" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T15:15:46.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="645" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-17T15:15:46.667" Score="0" Body="Questions about endings. Endings are morphemes that are added after suffixes and that mark grammatical categories of the word, such as number and case for nouns (&quot;машин-а&quot; -- &quot;машин-ы&quot; -- &quot;машин-ой&quot;) or tense, number, person or gender for verbs (&quot;хож-у&quot; -- &quot;ход-ишь&quot; -- &quot;ход-им&quot; -- &quot;ходил-а&quot; -- &quot;ходил-и&quot;)." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T15:36:30.420" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T15:36:30.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="646" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-17T15:19:31.437" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T15:19:31.437" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T15:19:31.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="647" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-17T15:19:31.437" Score="0" Body="Questions about prefixes. Prefixes are morphemes that are added before the stem of the word and are used to derive new words, for example, &quot;ходить&quot; -- &quot;за-ходить&quot; -- &quot;пере-ходить&quot;, or &quot;секретный&quot; -- &quot;сверх-секретный&quot;." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T15:36:34.977" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T15:36:34.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="648" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="649" CreationDate="2012-07-17T15:41:41.587" Score="11" ViewCount="1394" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this line:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;он сел наземь между мною и Верой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T16:38:07.530" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T20:26:58.920" Title="Why is мною used here instead of мной?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="649" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="648" CreationDate="2012-07-17T15:50:11.703" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both forms stand for Instrumental case of the 1st person singular pronoun &lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The form &lt;em&gt;мною&lt;/em&gt; is an older variant of &lt;em&gt;мной&lt;/em&gt;, it fades away now as the second option becomes more popular. You can see the distribution of the two forms over years &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/ngram.xml?mode=main&amp;amp;t1=%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8E&amp;amp;t2=%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9&amp;amp;start=1800&amp;amp;end=2010&amp;amp;smoothing=3&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pda.gramota.ru/?page=2&amp;amp;action=buro&amp;amp;s=%EC%ED%EE%FE&quot;&gt;Reference service of gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt; sometimes calls both variants equivalent and sometimes recommends to use &lt;em&gt;мной&lt;/em&gt;, because &lt;em&gt;мною&lt;/em&gt; is considered obsolete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another reason why &lt;em&gt;мною&lt;/em&gt; may be used is that in poetic texts the author wants to keep the correct metre or rhyme (but also for some other, maybe personal reasons). For example, Pushkin usually uses &lt;em&gt;мной&lt;/em&gt;, but in the following poem he writes &lt;em&gt;мною&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Алина! сжальтесь надо мною.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Не смею требовать любви.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Быть может, за грехи мои,&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Мой ангел, я любви не стою! &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, the form &lt;em&gt;мною&lt;/em&gt; can be used in modern texts that for stylistic reasons have to look like old texts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know what is the exact reason why it is used in your phrase. Maybe it is an text from 18th century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T16:13:26.117" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T16:13:26.117" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="625" CreationDate="2012-07-17T15:55:50.763" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can easily yandex it up yourslef, as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;go to yandex.ru, which is better than google for Russian searches&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Search &quot;типичные ошибки в русском языке у американцев&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia says&quot; According to Yandex marketing, one of its biggest advantages for Russian-language users is ability to recognize the Russian inflection in search queries&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="266" LastEditorUserId="266" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T18:52:14.080" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T18:52:14.080" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="651" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="648" CreationDate="2012-07-17T16:37:11.430" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The modern form &lt;em&gt;мной&lt;/em&gt; (or any other sg. inst. ending on &lt;code&gt;-ой&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ей&lt;/code&gt;) is quite a recent apocope of &lt;em&gt;мною&lt;/em&gt; which had been a norm till the late XVIII.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may observe it on &lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/ngram.xml?mode=main&amp;amp;t1=%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8E&amp;amp;t2=%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9&amp;amp;start=1700&amp;amp;end=2012&amp;amp;smoothing=3&quot;&gt;this graph&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian tends to reduce ending vowels in weak position which can also be observed in particles like &lt;em&gt;-бы/-б&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-же/-ж&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-ли/-ль&lt;/em&gt; etc. (reflected by the orthography) and also &lt;em&gt;-то/-т&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-ка/-к&lt;/em&gt; etc. (which are not yet reflected). The difference between the sg. inst. in declension I is a part of the same process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently, the latter form is considered archaic, but may be still used in poetic, high style speech or just for euphonic purposes. The two forms are rhythmically different so interchanging them can help in composing a verse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, it is most probably used to avoid &lt;em&gt;й-и&lt;/em&gt; cluster which is somewhat hard to pronounce without omitting the &lt;em&gt;й&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T16:42:45.280" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T16:42:45.280" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="652" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="653" CreationDate="2012-07-17T17:47:56.263" Score="6" ViewCount="930" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both seem to mean &quot;to read&quot;, so what's the diff?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T18:44:29.150" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T21:42:10.447" Title="What's the difference between читать and прочесть?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="652" CreationDate="2012-07-17T18:14:55.773" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Verbs have different aspect (see other questions on this forum about aspect, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/114&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt; in particular).&#xA;&lt;em&gt;читать&lt;/em&gt; is an imperfect verb, it denotes a process in its development, an unfinished activity.&#xA;&lt;em&gt;прочесть&lt;/em&gt; is a perfect verb, it denotes a completed activity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я читаю книгу. (читать)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;I am reading a book.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я прочел книгу. (прочесть)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;I've read the book (till the end).&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда ты будешь читать книгу, которую я тебе подарил на день рождения? (читать)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;When will you read the book I gave you for your birthday?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда ты прочтешь книгу, которую я тебе подарил на день рождения? (прочесть) &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;When will you finish reading the book I gave you for your birthday?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T21:42:10.447" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="652" CreationDate="2012-07-17T18:15:27.510" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Прочесть&lt;/em&gt; is the same (but older) as &lt;em&gt;прочитать&lt;/em&gt;, which is just a perfective aspect of &lt;em&gt;читать&lt;/em&gt;. So, &lt;em&gt;читать&lt;/em&gt; means 'to read', &lt;em&gt;прочитать&lt;/em&gt; means 'to have read'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T18:15:27.510" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="655" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-17T22:01:46.420" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-07-17T22:01:46.420" LastActivityDate="2012-07-17T22:01:46.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="656" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-17T22:01:46.420" Score="0" Body="Questions about conjunctions. A conjunction is a part of speech that is used to join two words of the same part of speech or two sentences together. Some examples of conjunctions are: &quot;и&quot; (and), &quot;потому что&quot; (because), &quot;то ли ... то ли ...&quot; (either... or ...)." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-18T08:48:48.710" LastActivityDate="2012-07-18T08:48:48.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="657" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-17T22:06:26.837" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adverbs include such words that modify verbs and adjectives. An adverb can usually be used to answer questions &quot;How?..&quot;, &quot;Where?..&quot;, &quot;When?..&quot; or &quot;How much?..&quot;. It describes manner, time, place, cause, degree or other parameters of an action or a property.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-01T11:43:23.120" LastActivityDate="2012-08-01T11:43:23.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="658" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-17T22:06:26.837" Score="0" Body="Questions about adverbs. An adverb is a part of speech that modifies verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. Examples: &quot;очень&quot; (very), &quot;быстро&quot; (fast), &quot;нарочно&quot; (on purpose), &quot;бегом&quot; (running)." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-01T11:43:23.120" LastActivityDate="2012-08-01T11:43:23.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="659" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="625" CreationDate="2012-07-18T13:03:42.793" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;7 падежей. В других языках нет такого количества падежей и даже представления о том, что они могут существовать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And as we can see many foreigners don't even use them. They only use one case for speaking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="268" LastActivityDate="2012-07-18T13:03:42.793" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="625" CreationDate="2012-07-19T12:59:56.627" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you mean the difficulties for a native Russian speaker, they are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Comma placement rules&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whether participle не- is written together with the following word or not.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whether н is double in suffixes (choice between нн and н).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some people experience troubles in choice between -тся and -ться although this is not a problem for myself.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-07-19T12:59:56.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="661" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="662" CreationDate="2012-07-19T13:49:23.860" Score="7" ViewCount="997" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &lt;em&gt;умереть&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;умирать&lt;/em&gt;? I find it very confusing as both mean 'die', just that &lt;em&gt;умирать&lt;/em&gt; is a verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="287" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-19T16:34:11.703" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T03:59:29.877" Title="What's the difference between &quot;умереть&quot; and &quot;умирать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="661" CreationDate="2012-07-19T14:01:25.437" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;em&gt;умереть&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;умирать&lt;/em&gt; are verbs that mean &amp;quot;to die&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;умереть&lt;/em&gt; is a perfect verb, &lt;em&gt;умирать&lt;/em&gt; is an imperfect verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The perfect form is used in cases when someone is talking about a process that finished already, the imperfect is used to denote a developing process or a repeating action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он умер.&#xA;He died.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он умирает.&#xA;He is dying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Люди умирают каждый день.&#xA;People die every day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-19T14:01:25.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="603" CreationDate="2012-07-19T15:50:26.080" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming small talk situation, 99% of the time the response will be &quot;&lt;code&gt;Нормально все&lt;/code&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="39" LastActivityDate="2012-07-19T15:50:26.080" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="623" CreationDate="2012-07-19T21:58:16.790" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;переоценить is better translated as &quot;overrate&quot; rather than &quot;overestimate&quot;. so: &quot;it'd be hard to overrate this, it's so good!&quot; of course we don't say this in English, but i think it makes sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;they also say &quot;это сильно переоценено / that's overrated&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="291" LastActivityDate="2012-07-19T21:58:16.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="665" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-19T22:12:49.767" Score="4" ViewCount="166" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need the second comma in the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он явил, т.е. доказал, тот факт, что Земля вращается вокруг Солнца.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2012-08-13T01:32:19.377" Title="Second comma in &quot;Он явил, т.е. доказал, тот факт&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="666" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-19T22:21:24.963" Score="10" ViewCount="246" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been trying to master your verbs, especially verbs of motion and with prefixes (приставки). it's interesting to me how verbs with the same root but different приставки can have dramatically different meanings. Let's take &lt;code&gt;-секать/сечь&lt;/code&gt;, which afaik is an old Slavic word for &quot;&lt;em&gt;to cut&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, but in Russian also means &quot;&lt;em&gt;to whip/flog&lt;/em&gt;&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;пересекать/пересечь&lt;/code&gt;: afaik this is the same as &lt;em&gt;переехать&lt;/em&gt;, but without an intended destination, i.e., describes an incidental event. My prof explained this to me when I described a car accident where my sedan cut across two lanes on the highway: &quot;&lt;em&gt;машина пересекла две полосы&lt;/em&gt; [or do you say сплошные here? i forget =x]&quot;. The meaning is barely related to the original root IMO.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;отсекать/отсечь&lt;/code&gt;: this retains the root meaning, to me it's the exact same as &lt;em&gt;отрубить&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;to chop off from, sever&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;засекать/засечь&lt;/code&gt;: also still related, &quot;&lt;em&gt;whip to death&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (I find that &quot;cut&quot; verbs with приставка &lt;code&gt;за-&lt;/code&gt; tend to mean &quot;&lt;em&gt;to death&lt;/em&gt;,&quot; i.e., &lt;em&gt;зарезать&lt;/em&gt;). A quick search in Yandex reveals another (mostly likely new) meaning, to &quot;&lt;em&gt;locate/pinpoint&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Can anyone give an example?&lt;/strong&gt; I'm so afraid to use unfamiliar verbs now ever since I tried to ask my friend Elina if she &quot;ran into&quot; this guy by saying, &quot;&lt;em&gt;ты залетела в &lt;strong&gt;_&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/em&gt;&quot;... lol. They just have so many slang meanings now!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that in meaning these verbs are hardly related anymore, but it helps me organize and remember them if I group by verb root. I sometimes just plug a single verb root with different приставки into Yandex just to see what comes up.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Does anyone have more verbs with this root?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="291" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-08T16:20:11.097" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T16:20:11.097" Title="Verb roots: -секать/сечь" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="667" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-19T22:44:46.897" Score="6" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вдыхать / вдохнуть&lt;/strong&gt;: inhale, breathe in (one direction, inwards).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вздыхать / вздохнуть&lt;/strong&gt;: one entire breath (in and out), to sigh, pine for smb (metaphorical use).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;выдыхать / выдохнуть&lt;/strong&gt;: exhale, breathe out (one direction, outwards).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;сдыхать / сдохнуть&lt;/strong&gt;: a really vulgar way of saying &quot;to die&quot;, used only for animals.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;My prof said it's not even used for dogs anymore since they began to be considered &quot;man's best friend&quot;. Or if a guy was a big villain during his lifetime, you can say &quot;&lt;em&gt;слава Богу, он сдох.&lt;/em&gt;&quot; My friends would use it when their cell phones broke, i.e., &quot;&lt;em&gt;айфон сдох&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Can I say it when my phone has simply run out of battery or does it mean broken, unusable?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Sometimes when my friend is visibly exhausted, I will say to him &quot;&lt;em&gt;не сдыхай&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (hope it's not offensive). Can also use to say, &quot;&lt;em&gt;die of laughter&lt;/em&gt;&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;издыхать / издохнуть&lt;/strong&gt;: means the exact same as сдыхать/сдохнуть? minus the &quot;die of laughter&quot; variation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;отдыхать / отдохнуть&lt;/strong&gt;: well we know this one.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I tried some other приставки in Yandex and found:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;продохнуть&lt;/strong&gt;: to have &lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C/en/#lingvo/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;breathing space&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone think of other verbs with this root? Or maybe with &lt;code&gt;-дышать&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="291" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-08T16:19:28.663" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T14:17:24.660" Title="Verb roots: -дыхать/дохнуть" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="665" CreationDate="2012-07-19T23:34:37.367" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both are possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally would omit the comma:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он явил [нам] (т.е. доказал [нам] тот факт), что Земля вращается вокруг Солнца.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes it sort of poetic (with an explanation for non-poetic people in parentheses). (I only added parentheses to visually separate the resulting logical pieces; you don't have to actually use them.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With a comma, it is also acceptable, but then you're saying &lt;code&gt;явил&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;доказал&lt;/code&gt; are sort of synonims per se, which they not necessarily are; plus, it would imply &lt;code&gt;явить факт&lt;/code&gt; is a common phrase, which I wouldn't say it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="57" LastEditorUserId="57" LastEditDate="2012-07-20T00:06:28.030" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T00:06:28.030" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="666" CreationDate="2012-07-20T00:31:25.660" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;высечь - of course, closest to original meaning: either beat up with a stick, whip, etc. or cut from stone, marble, etc. Yes, the same word is being used in two completely different meanings, imagine all the jokes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;пресекать/пресечь - put a stop to something (usually by means of applying one's authority and possibly coercion). The perfect form is more frequently used than the imperfect one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;усекать/усечь - make shorter, cut a part off, also has a slang meaning of &quot;understand, get it&quot; (Усёк? - Усёк. = Did you get it? - I got it.) In the latter case you can sometimes have more rare просечь - which is also &quot;understand&quot;, but has a meaning of deeper understanding. Though this is a bit of dated slang, not used that much anymore. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;рассечь - cut in two, also wound by cutting (я рассёк губу - I've cut my lip). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;подсечь - take somebody down by foot sweep (подсечка) or when fishing, jerk the line when the fish takes the bait in order to hook the fish. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's all I can remember now, will add if I have any more :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="293" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T00:31:25.660" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="667" CreationDate="2012-07-20T00:41:27.893" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;“Айфо́н сдох”&lt;/em&gt;. Question: Can I say it when my phone has simply run out&#xA;  of battery?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes you can, but it would create an ambiguity – did it &lt;em&gt;сдох&lt;/em&gt; permanently or temporarily? But in general, it can be used in both meanings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Sometimes when my friend is visibly exhausted, I will say to him &lt;em&gt;“не сдыха́й”&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably. If would be more appropriate if said, e. g., at the final part of a long race – &lt;em&gt;“не сдыхай, осталось всего полкилометра!”&lt;/em&gt; – “don’t give up, only 500 m left to go!”. Without such context, IMO it’d sound a bit weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can also use to say, “die of laughter”?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It’d sound pretty rude if applied to another person. So if it is somebody everybody hated and wished he was dead, then maybe, otherwise better not. Generally, &lt;em&gt;сдох&lt;/em&gt; has a derisive meaning and usually is applied to wild animals, etc, so applying it to a person usually means the speaker hates that person. However, when you apply it to yourself – saying &lt;em&gt;“я чуть не сдох от смеха”&lt;/em&gt; (I almost died of laughter) – it is fine, a bit rough but completely acceptable in friendly chat.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="293" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-06-07T17:49:09.690" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T17:49:09.690" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="661" CreationDate="2012-07-20T01:39:09.707" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Зачем ему нужно было здесь &lt;strong&gt;умирать&lt;/strong&gt;? - Why did he need to be dying here? (Can mean that he eventually died, but can also mean that he is still alive. Can imply that he was pretending to be dying or thought that he was already about to die, but it turned out that he was merely sick and later even got recovered)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зачем ему нужно было здесь &lt;strong&gt;умереть&lt;/strong&gt;? - Why did he need to die here? (almost in all casese would mean that he did die and now is dead)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;умирать&lt;/strong&gt; also has a more general meaning, while &lt;strong&gt;умереть&lt;/strong&gt; would stick to the specific situation happening at the time of speaking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да, я знаю, ты мне сейчас станешь говорить, что все люди смертны, и что нет ничего противоестественного в человеческой смерти. Но я всё равно не xочу &lt;strong&gt;умирать&lt;/strong&gt;. Я xочу жить вечно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Yes, I know, you will say that all people are mortal and that human death is a natural phenomenon. But I still don't want to die. I want to live forever)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надо что-то делать. Дай мне лопату. Будем пробиваться. Я не xочу &lt;strong&gt;умереть&lt;/strong&gt; здесь под этой толщей снега.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(We need to do something. Give me the shovel. We'll be digging. I don't want to end up buried here under the snow)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2012-07-20T03:59:29.877" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T03:59:29.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="64" CreationDate="2012-07-20T05:12:44.467" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't have any well-founded answer, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/morph.cgi?word=%5Bdno%5D&quot;&gt;Zalizniak's dictionary&lt;/a&gt; says that both &lt;strong&gt;пять доньев&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;пять дён&lt;/strong&gt; are correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T05:12:44.467" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="666" CreationDate="2012-07-20T08:56:46.873" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;засекать / засечь&lt;/code&gt; is rarely &lt;em&gt;to whip to death&lt;/em&gt;. Usually it's &lt;em&gt;to clock&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;to catch somebody in an act&lt;/em&gt;. Also &lt;em&gt;to notch&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;засекать время - to clock the time&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я засёк время&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я засёк пять минут&lt;p&gt;&#xA;  засечь подчиненных за игрой в карты на работе&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  to catch the subordinates at playing cards at their workplace&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;усекать / усечь&lt;/code&gt; - trim, truncate.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For example, to cut the budget. To reduce the functionality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бесплатная версия этой программы имеет усеченные функции.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Руководство усекает бюджет нашего отдела.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;иссекать / иссечь&lt;/code&gt; - to cut or flog in multiple places, to cover with scars or flogs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У него лицо, иссеченное шрамами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;обсекать&lt;/code&gt; - to rough-hew, to round something by cutting&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;пересекать / пересечь&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;em&gt;to cross, intersect&lt;/em&gt; in general, not just &lt;em&gt;переехать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эти две линии пересекаются.  &lt;p&gt;&#xA;  also may mean to meet in slang  &lt;p&gt;&#xA;  Давай пересечёмся в центре города.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Может быть, пересечёмся на неделе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;насекать / насечь&lt;/code&gt; - to make насечки&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;рассекать&lt;/code&gt; may also mean &lt;em&gt;to demonstratively move at high speed&lt;/em&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он рассекает по городу на новеньком мотоцикле&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-07T15:31:12.957" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T15:31:12.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="666" CreationDate="2012-07-20T09:19:57.837" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This verb derives from proto-Slavic &lt;em&gt;сѣкѫ / сѣкти&lt;/em&gt; and is akin to Latin-derived English words like &lt;em&gt;section&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;insect&lt;/em&gt; etc. Russian word &lt;em&gt;насекомое&lt;/em&gt; is a calque of the Latin word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The root has three basic meanings: to cross, to cut and to flog, and a number of metaphorical meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some less used forms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;надсечь&lt;/em&gt; — to make a &quot;starter&quot; cut. Compare &lt;em&gt;надрезать&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;надпилить&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;И я тут же представил себе, как я надсеку веко, разведу их в стороны и… «И что… Дальше-то что? Может, это действительно из мозга? &lt;em&gt;[М. А. Булгаков. Пропавший глаз (1926)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;иссечь&lt;/em&gt; — to cross, to cut, or to flog all over. Compare &lt;em&gt;изрезать&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;изпещрить&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;искромсать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;С иссечёнными боками, весь облитый мыльной пеной прискакал домой Малек-Адель, и Чертопханов тотчас заперся у себя в комнате. &lt;em&gt;[И. C. Тургенев. Конец Чертопханова (1872)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Он стар, лицо иссечено глубокими морщинами, тонкими, как нити, глаза усталые, да и сам он устал от этой карусели. &lt;em&gt;[И. П. Максимов. «А утром всё загремело!..» (Из фронтового дневника) // «Бельские Просторы», 2010]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Дверная коробка была по бокам вся иссечена многочисленными зарубками ― дети метили рост. &lt;em&gt;[Людмила Улицкая. Медея и ее дети (1996)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In medical context it also means &quot;to amputate&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Иссек массу разрушенной мышечной ткани, удалил свободные отломки кости. &lt;em&gt;[Николай Амосов. Голоса времен (1999)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;осечь / осечься&lt;/em&gt; — to cut one's (or someone else's) action or speech roughly. Compare &lt;em&gt;одёрнуть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;окрикнуть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Докладывать будет Янко, ― осек его Дашевский. ― И черт его знает, как это все так нескладно вышло, ― повинился Андрей. &lt;em&gt;[Семен Данилюк. Бизнес-класс (2003)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Синичкин осек свой не начатый полет и правильно решил, что будет день, будет и пища! &lt;em&gt;[Дмитрий Липскеров. Последний сон разума (1999)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Осечься&lt;/em&gt; also means to misfire (both directly and figuratively)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Но «тэтэшка» (&lt;em&gt;means &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TT_pistol&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;TT-30&lt;/a&gt;, a Soviet-developed pistol&lt;/em&gt;) осеклась. И опять осеклась. И опять. &lt;em&gt;[Андрей Измайлов. Трюкач (2001)]&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T09:19:57.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="601" CreationDate="2012-07-20T09:43:31.250" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning is so because one cannot see the noodles on one's ears. One with noodles on the ears would seem funny to the surrounding people but he himself would not notice anything. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T09:43:31.250" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="665" CreationDate="2012-07-20T10:25:26.953" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You need both commas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal et al., &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/46.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Справочник по правописанию, произношению и литературному редактированию: §97. Пояснительные члены предложения&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обособляются слова, поясняющие смысл предшествующего члена предложения. Перед пояснительным членом предложения стоят слова &lt;em&gt;именно&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;а именно&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;то есть&lt;/em&gt; (при их отсутствии в предложении эти слова могут быть вставлены).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В то время, именно год назад, я еще сотрудничал по журналам &lt;em&gt;(Достоевский)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я... добрался наконец до большого села с каменной церковью в новом вкусе, т.е. с колоннами, и обширным господским домом &lt;em&gt;(Тургенев)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ну что же, поедешь нынче вечером к нашим, к Щербацким то есть? &lt;em&gt;(Л. Толстой)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, the word &lt;em&gt;доказал&lt;/em&gt; clarifies the meaning of quite archaic word &lt;em&gt;явил&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Тот факт&lt;/em&gt; is an object to both verbs and hence is not a part of the clarification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you had a sentence like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он явил, то есть доказал со всей ясностью, что Земля вращается вокруг Солнца&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;you would need one comma less, since &lt;em&gt;со всей ясностью&lt;/em&gt; would be a part of the clarification, and the commas separating the clafication and the dependent clause would merge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T10:43:09.077" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="667" CreationDate="2012-07-20T14:04:34.423" Score="2" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;передыхать / передохнуть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which is similar to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;отдыхать / отдохнуть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; but implies a short period of rest. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;роздых&lt;/strong&gt; (noun) - close to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;передыхать / передохнуть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; but even less formal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="256" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-08T16:20:18.943" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T16:20:18.943" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="678" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="679" CreationDate="2012-07-20T14:05:21.263" Score="5" ViewCount="875" Body="&lt;p&gt;This phrase &lt;em&gt;по первое число&lt;/em&gt;, meaning &quot;large amount&quot;, is usually used when describing a punishment or generally an unpleasant experience &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Завалило снегом &lt;strong&gt;по первое число&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Получил от начальства &lt;strong&gt;по первое число&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the origin/etymology of this phrase?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-08T16:20:32.027" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T16:20:32.027" Title="What's the origin of &quot;по первое число&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="678" CreationDate="2012-07-20T17:03:17.513" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;An excerpt by &lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/NZoDm&quot;&gt;gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;em&gt;Бирих А. К., Мокиенко В. М., Степанова Л. И. Русская фразеология. Историко-этимологический словарь / Под ред. В. М. Мокиенко.&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;По первое число всыпать (прописать)&lt;/em&gt; — сильно наказать кого-нибудь. Выражение восходит к старинной практике пороть ученика. Каждую неделю пороли ученика, вне зависимости от того, виноват он или нет. Если пороли сильно, то порки хватало на последующие недели вплоть до первого числа следующего месяца.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other sources suggest that it was a precausion measure: if a student had been beaten too hard he was excepted from corporal punishment till the first of the next month.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First mention (in this sense) in the corpus:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;― Кабы не ты, ну наклали бы они мне по первое число! &lt;em&gt;[Ф. Д. Крюков. Казачка // «Русское Богатство», 1896]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, in Google Books:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А на другой день уже по всей окрестности разносилась молва, что Сангуровские садовники поймали Андрюшку Егозу, &quot;нашвыряли ему в загорбок по первое число&quot; и ещё на всю ночь привязали его к яблоньке. &lt;em&gt;[«Русский Вестник», т. 258, вып. 1, стр. 147, 1898]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T17:03:17.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="680" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="694" CreationDate="2012-07-20T18:07:36.223" Score="3" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used to use &lt;a href=&quot;http://cooljugator.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://cooljugator.com/&lt;/a&gt; to quickly look up proper ways to conjugate Russian verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The site's been having some problems lately and wasn't accessible. What other resources can I use instead?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="177" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-08-12T12:16:54.313" LastActivityDate="2012-08-12T12:16:54.313" Title="What can I use to help me conjugate verbs?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;resources&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2012-07-29T15:36:58.443" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="681" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="682" CreationDate="2012-07-20T18:56:50.660" Score="7" ViewCount="240" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Подвижник&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В словаре Ефремовой определяется как&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Самоотверженный труженик.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;а в словаре Ожегова:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Человек, героически принявший на себя тяжёлый труд или лишения ради&#xA;достижения высокой цели&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример использования: &lt;em&gt;Подвижник науки.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Поборник&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В словаре Ефремовой определяется так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ревностный защитник, сторонник кого-либо, чего-либо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в словаре Ожегова так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Защитник, сторонник чего-н.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример использования: &lt;em&gt;Поборник мира&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Вопрос&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для меня эти слова очень близкие по смыслу. В чем разница между ними? Если возможно, мне был хотелось увидеть примеры, в которых можно использовать только одно из слов, но не оба, либо в которых одно из слов явно предпочтительнее другого.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T21:11:12.177" Title="В чем разница между словами &quot;подвижник&quot; и &quot;поборник&quot;?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="681" CreationDate="2012-07-20T19:09:28.230" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Подвижник&lt;/em&gt; means an ascetic person, willing to abandon the joys of life for a greater purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Поборник&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;a champion&amp;quot;, like in &amp;quot;a champion of justice&amp;quot;, a person who fights for his beliefs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Подвижник&lt;/em&gt; does not require an object, &lt;em&gt;поборник&lt;/em&gt; does (&lt;em&gt;поборник справедливости, поборник правды&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос же вовсе не в том; вопрос в том, может ли средний врач, ― не &lt;strong&gt;подвижник&lt;/strong&gt;, а обыкновенный работник, ― прожить в деревне врачебным трудом. &lt;em&gt;[В. В. Вересаев. Записки врача (1895-1900)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Он был вдохновенный оратор и рьяный &lt;strong&gt;поборник&lt;/strong&gt; эмансипации в тяжелые времена сурового режима. &lt;em&gt;[Ф. И. Буслаев. Мои воспоминания (1897)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You cannot swap the words in these examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T21:11:12.177" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="683" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="689" CreationDate="2012-07-20T20:18:25.603" Score="6" ViewCount="5590" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово &lt;strong&gt;эпатаж&lt;/strong&gt;, которое словари определяют как &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Поведение, намеренно нарушающее общепринятые нормы и правила;&#xA;  скандальная выходка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;встречается отностельно часто в речи. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово &lt;strong&gt;эскапада&lt;/strong&gt; встречается значительно реже. Обозначает оно, судя по словарю, примерно то же самое, что и эпатаж:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Экстравагантная выходка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В чем разница между этими словами? И как определяться, выбирая между ними?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastActivityDate="2016-12-17T17:21:32.437" Title="Разница между словами &quot;эскапада&quot; и &quot;эпатаж&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="684" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="690" CreationDate="2012-07-20T20:23:37.940" Score="8" ViewCount="596" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не так давно я встретил новое для себя слово &lt;strong&gt;амикошонство&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Словарь его определяет так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чрезмерная фамильярность, бесцеремонность в обращении под видом&#xA;  дружеского.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне это определение очень напомнило другое более распространенное слово: &lt;strong&gt;панибратство&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его словари определяют так: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Непочтительное, фамильярное обращение с тем, кто требует уважительного&#xA;  отношения, со старшим.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В чем между ними оттеночная разница?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T21:04:50.327" Title="Панибратство и амикошонство" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="666" CreationDate="2012-07-20T20:32:24.977" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;пересекать/пересечь&lt;/code&gt; simply means &quot;to cross&quot; (a road, a square, a line, etc.) or to intersect.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;засекать/засечь&lt;/code&gt; is often used in &lt;code&gt;засекать/засечь время&lt;/code&gt;, meaning &quot;to note the time&quot;, usually the beginning of some process to see how long it takes. &lt;code&gt;засекать/засечь&lt;/code&gt; can also mean to detect something or to pinpoint the location of something (e. g. by triangulating on a radio source, or by using a radar).  Example: &lt;code&gt;Мы засекли неопознанный летающий объект&lt;/code&gt; (We have detected a UFO).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2012-08-01T18:24:03.300" LastActivityDate="2012-08-01T18:24:03.300" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="686" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="681" CreationDate="2012-07-20T20:39:10.520" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It appears that &lt;code&gt;подвижник&lt;/code&gt; works on something, whereas &lt;code&gt;поборник&lt;/code&gt; fights for something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T20:39:10.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="687" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-20T20:39:30.643" Score="6" ViewCount="1041" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a good synonym dictionary of Russian words like &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.ru/books?id=wzEjAQAAIAAJ&amp;amp;q=Modern+guide+to+synonyms+and+related+words&amp;amp;dq=Modern+guide+to+synonyms+and+related+words&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=l6UKVwNqeu&amp;amp;sig=ZloDbvSo_jrLEUT13np2xhik5LQ&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=r8AJUOOYJqHZmAWE_LifCg&amp;amp;ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Penguin guide to synonyms and related word by S. I. Hayakawa&lt;/a&gt; (which is for English words)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because though ordinary defining dictionaries give explanations of the meaning of the words, the difference is not always clear from those definitions. A synonym dictionary would be a great tool to show the differences between words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One example from &quot;The Penguin guide to synonyms and related word&quot;  to illustrate what kind of dictionary I mean:&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mPkkM.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-08-12T12:16:46.467" LastActivityDate="2012-08-12T12:16:46.467" Title="Synonym dictionary" Tags="&lt;resources&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="684" CreationDate="2012-07-20T20:41:14.180" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basing on the quoted definitions alone, one could say &lt;code&gt;амикошонство&lt;/code&gt; is when you're supposed to act like a friend to a person, but are abusing this right of yours (e.g. abusing your classmates while passing this off as friendly jokes), whereas &lt;code&gt;панибратство&lt;/code&gt; is when you're not even supposed to appear like an equal to a person (e.g. you're greeting your teacher in a way you would greet your peer).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above is a pure speculation of mine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(For you non-native speakers: you will &lt;em&gt;never&lt;/em&gt; hear &lt;code&gt;амикошонство&lt;/code&gt; from anyone in Russia, unless you're being told &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.anafor.ru/other/quoting.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a joke&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="57" LastEditorUserId="57" LastEditDate="2012-07-20T20:48:15.747" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T20:48:15.747" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="683" CreationDate="2012-07-20T20:45:00.130" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main meaning of &lt;em&gt;эпатаж&lt;/em&gt; is intentionally scandalous behaviour. Its meaning of &amp;quot;individual intentionally scandalous action&amp;quot; is metonymic and quire rarely (if ever) used. It's almost never used in plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Эскапада&lt;/em&gt; can only mean an individual shocking action, with its scandalousness not necessarily intentional. It's synonymous with &lt;em&gt;выходка&lt;/em&gt; (which is actually its Russian calque).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;― Пожалуйста, не принимайте за эпатаж то, что я беседую с вами в одном белье. &lt;em&gt;[Виктор Пелевин. Чапаев и пустота (1996)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Отсчет ведется поступков идиотских, безумных выходок и эскапад невероятных, короче, сплетен, домыслов, досужих разговоров, легенд и мифов. &lt;em&gt;[Сергей Солоух. Клуб одиноких сердец унтера Пришибеева (1991-1995)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T23:30:27.960" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="684" CreationDate="2012-07-20T21:04:50.327" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Панибратство&lt;/em&gt; is a borrowing from Polish &lt;em&gt;panie bracie&lt;/em&gt;, meaning &quot;Mr. brother&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Амикошонство&lt;/em&gt; is a borrowing from French &lt;em&gt;ami cochon&lt;/em&gt; which is a contraction of &lt;em&gt;amis comme cochons&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;friends like pigs&quot;). This means &quot;friends so close that they can deny social norms in communication between them (and behave like pigs)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Semantically, the two mean the same: undesired familiarity. However, the former is widely used, while the latter is perceived as a high-style, inkhorn word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T21:04:50.327" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="666" CreationDate="2012-07-20T21:10:34.313" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb also has two meanings, which play around the idea that &amp;quot;to cut&amp;quot; is a certain mental action, like understanding, figuring out, noticing. The verbs are used in these meaning &lt;strong&gt;only&lt;/strong&gt; in colloquial speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;засечь&lt;/strong&gt; - to notice something (usually bad), to see someone doing something forbidden&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я засёк его рядом с твоим домом.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;I've seen him next to your place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я засёк его, когда он собирался отравить вино.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;I saw him when he was going to poison the wine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;просечь&lt;/strong&gt; - to realize or to understand something&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он быстро просёк, в чем дело.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;He realized quickly, what it was about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;он не просекает юмор твоих шуток&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;he doesn't latch on to your jokes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;усечь&lt;/strong&gt; - to understand and to take a mental notice of something&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Look the answer of StasM for the example of its most common use. It is a very rude expression. The verb is also marked as &amp;quot;slang&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Большой толковый словарь&amp;quot; by Kuznetsov. Another example from this dictionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наконец кто-то усёк, что от него требуется.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Someone has finally got what they are required to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dictionary suggests that &lt;em&gt;усечь&lt;/em&gt; is used also in the same cases as &lt;em&gt;просечь&lt;/em&gt; (to realize, to figure out, to latch on), but I cannot really say if it is so or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T21:24:42.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="693" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="695" CreationDate="2012-07-20T22:47:23.150" Score="6" ViewCount="323" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need a comma in such phrases as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да он самый, что ни на есть преступник.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Математика — самая, что ни на есть точная наука.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T16:49:54.940" Title="Comma in «самый что ни на есть»" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="680" CreationDate="2012-07-20T22:57:17.953" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try The &lt;em&gt;Russian Morphological Dictionary&lt;/em&gt; by Zalizniak, e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/main.cgi?flags=eygtmnl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two more cool and useful dictionaries there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="248" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T22:57:17.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="695" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="693" CreationDate="2012-07-20T23:24:20.443" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, you don't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal, Справочник по пунктуации, § 41. Цельные по смыслу выражения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Запятыми не выделяются сочетания &lt;em&gt;кто ни на есть, что ни на&#xA;  есть, какой ни на есть&lt;/em&gt; и т. п.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Вы охотно допустите, чтоб кто ни на есть… собственноручно в вашей физиономии симметрию исправил. &lt;em&gt;(С.-Щ.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Это была самая что ни на есть обыкновенная женщина. &lt;em&gt;(Эр.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;...Я лучше погляжу, как вы работаете, — всё какой ни на есть опыт перейму. &lt;em&gt;(Е.М.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in your first sentence, the first comma may (or may not) be redundant as well, depending on the meaning of &lt;em&gt;да&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Да, он самый что ни на есть преступник // Yes, he's as criminal as they come.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Да он самый что ни на есть преступник. // But he's as criminal as they come.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-07-20T23:24:20.443" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="696" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="697" CreationDate="2012-07-21T04:57:42.427" Score="7" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is about &lt;strong&gt;много людей&lt;/strong&gt;. Why is there a -ей at the end? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume it should be the plural of the masculine человек in genetive case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="8" LastEditDate="2012-07-21T20:16:09.580" LastActivityDate="2012-07-21T20:16:09.580" Title="What is the rule for the ending to people in the phrase: много людей" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="697" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="696" CreationDate="2012-07-21T08:11:20.413" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Человек&lt;/em&gt; is a suppletive word: its different forms are formed from different roots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several pairs like that in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;человек / люди&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;ребёнок / дети&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;идти / шёл&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;лежать / класть  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare to English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;go / went&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;bad / worse&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the modern language the proper singular for &lt;em&gt;люди&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;люд&lt;/em&gt;) is only used synecdochally (meaning a group of people):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пока в Риме правила династия Антонинов, простой люд не жаждал большего порядка в общественных делах. &lt;em&gt;[Сергей Смирнов. Конец серебряного века. Anno Domini 180 // «Знание -- сила», 2003]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The proper plural for &lt;em&gt;человек&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;человеки&lt;/em&gt;) may be only used ironically, exergastically (&lt;em&gt;все мы люди, все мы человеки&lt;/em&gt;) or to imitate old speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Евангелисты придумали, евангелисты, смертные, как все человеки. &lt;em&gt;[Юрий Давыдов. Синие тюльпаны (1988-1989)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-07-21T19:58:10.250" LastActivityDate="2012-07-21T19:58:10.250" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="698" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="699" CreationDate="2012-07-21T10:17:52.050" Score="5" ViewCount="797" Body="&lt;p&gt;While Russian is my first language, I've left Russia more than twenty years ago, and, at moments, I feel that I do not understand the modern usage of some words. For instance, I've only recently discovered the modern meaning of откат. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word that puzzled my today is пилигримка: I used to think that пилигримка is female of пилигрим (pilgrim). However, the following usage is rather puzzling:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она называется даже oфициальнo &quot;всеoбщая пилигримка мoлoдежи всех дoрoг&quot;, как-тo так, хoтя пo кoнтингенту oна напoминает русскую радугу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;моя любимая пилигримковая еда&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is пилигримка more of an activity (pilgrimage?) or location? How common is this usage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="256" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-10-13T11:41:44.070" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T00:19:32.140" Title="пилигримка - meaning?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="698" CreationDate="2012-07-21T11:59:20.953" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think &lt;a href=&quot;http://paciferman.livejournal.com/820.html&quot;&gt;the blog&lt;/a&gt; your copied the first excerpt from explains it pretty well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пo-пoльски oнo - &quot;pielgrzymka&quot;. Этo палoмничествo. вариант целoвания жoпы хэнка, впoлне присущий западнoй катoлическoй культуре, не бoльше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is just a calque from the Polish word for pilgrimage (in its Roman Catholic meaning).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, polonisms are quite common for terms specific to Roman Catholisicm in Russian: &lt;em&gt;костёл, ксёндз, отпуст, пробощ&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-07-21T11:59:20.953" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="700" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="702" CreationDate="2012-07-21T20:51:39.600" Score="6" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need to place a singular or a plural verb after &quot;и..., и ...&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И Россия, и Франция вxод(&lt;strong&gt;и/я&lt;/strong&gt;)т во Всемирную Торговую Организацию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2013-08-14T09:32:46.050" Title="singular or a plural verb after &quot;и..., и ...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="700" CreationDate="2012-07-21T21:03:32.100" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should use plural form of the verb here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И Россия, и Франция вxод&lt;b&gt;ят&lt;/b&gt; во Всемирную Торговую Организацию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-08-14T09:32:46.050" LastActivityDate="2013-08-14T09:32:46.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="700" CreationDate="2012-07-21T21:25:48.647" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You need a plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal et al., &lt;em&gt;Справочник по правописанию, произношению и литературному редактированию, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/64.htm#%D0%B7_08&quot;&gt;§190. Согласование сказуемого с однородными подлежащими&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При повторяющемся союзе сказуемое обычно ставится в форме множественного числа, например: &lt;em&gt;И тот и другой способны на это.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-07-21T21:25:48.647" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="35" CreationDate="2012-07-21T23:00:25.647" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ruslan and Ludmila in Russian:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://public-library.ru/Pushkin.Alexander/ruslan.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://public-library.ru/Pushkin.Alexander/ruslan.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20060104082442re_/www.sunbirds.com/lacquer/readings/1015&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://web.archive.org/web/20060104082442re_/www.sunbirds.com/lacquer/readings/1015&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other translations, but this one seems the most readable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="153" LastEditDate="2013-12-26T03:47:49.353" LastActivityDate="2013-12-26T03:47:49.353" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-09-15T11:33:56.443" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="687" CreationDate="2012-07-22T10:32:56.123" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am aware of one dictionary with the structure similar to the one requested.  It's &lt;em&gt;Новый объяснительный словарь синонимов русского языка&lt;/em&gt;.  It doesn't contain a large number of synonyms, however it does a pretty good job explaining the differences within a set of synonyms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I have found it on the internet myself, I am sharing it via my web site.  However please note that I will remove it if requested so by copyright owners. &lt;a href=&quot;http://shchuka.com/hosting/russian_synonyms.pdf&quot;&gt;Here is the link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-07-22T10:32:56.123" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="705" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="712" CreationDate="2012-07-22T15:01:55.277" Score="2" ViewCount="440" Body="&lt;p&gt;В чем отличние между данными словами?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пуризм&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чрезмерное стремление к чистоте и строгости нравов (иногда показное). &#xA;  Излишняя строгость в соблюдении каких-либо правил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чопорность&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;от чопорный = Чрезмерно, неестественно строгий в поведении и в&#xA;  обращении; крайне щепетильный в отношении соблюдения приличий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastActivityDate="2013-08-22T21:24:30.533" Title="Чопорность и пуризм" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="706" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="715" CreationDate="2012-07-22T15:10:49.340" Score="4" ViewCount="2489" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не могу уловить тонкие отличия между следующими словами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;люмпен&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Деклассированный слой людей (преступники, бродяги, нищие), а также&#xA;  человек, принадлежащий к такому слою.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;маргинал&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Тот, кто утратил прежние социальные связи, находится на периферии своей социальной среды, не приспособился к новым условиям жизни и не&#xA;  имеет устойчивого социального статуса; изгой. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Тот, кто находится на грани общества (бомжи, бездомные, безработные и т.п.) .&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;филистер&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Человек с узким, ограниченным умственным кругозором и ханжеским&#xA;  поведением; обыватель, мещанин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;мещанин&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Человек с мелкими, сугубо личными интересами, с узким кругозором и&#xA;  неразвитыми вкусами, безразличный к интересам общества.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если разница между (люмпеном,маргиналом) и (филистером,мещанином) прослеживается из определений, то разница между люмпеном и маргиналом и между филистером и мещанином - не совсем очевидна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastEditorUserId="298" LastEditDate="2012-07-22T20:10:44.760" LastActivityDate="2012-07-30T14:21:32.657" Title="Люмпен, маргинал, филистер и мещанин" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="707" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="714" CreationDate="2012-07-22T15:19:27.350" Score="5" ViewCount="1767" Body="&lt;p&gt;В чем разница в оттенках между словами? Когда какое нужно использовать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;фарисей&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Лицемер, ханжа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ханжа&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Неискренний человек, прикрывающийся показной добродетельностью или&#xA;  набожностью; лицемер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;лицемер&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тот, кто прикрывает своё двуличие, неискренность и злонамеренность&#xA;  притворной добродетелью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;лицедей&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тот, кто, притворяясь, рисуясь, старается казаться не тем и не таким,&#xA;  кто и каков есть в действительности; притворщик, актёр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ипокрит&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;устаревшее&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ханжа, лицемер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastActivityDate="2013-08-14T12:06:50.343" Title="Фарисей, ханжа, лицемер, лицедей, ипокрит" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="708" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="713" CreationDate="2012-07-22T15:22:21.623" Score="9" ViewCount="13598" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть два русских слова:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;невестка&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Замужняя женщина по отношению к родным её мужа: отцу, матери, братьям,&#xA;  сестрам, женам братьев и мужьям сестер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и &lt;strong&gt;сноха&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Женщина по отношению к отцу и матери её мужа, невестка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По моим наблюдениям, обычно всегда используют слово &lt;strong&gt;невестка&lt;/strong&gt;. Как используется слово &lt;strong&gt;сноха&lt;/strong&gt; и в чем его отличие от &lt;strong&gt;невестки&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastEditorUserId="298" LastEditDate="2012-07-22T15:39:13.357" LastActivityDate="2021-04-27T21:05:40.883" Title="Невестка и сноха" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="709" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="711" CreationDate="2012-07-22T15:34:40.833" Score="12" ViewCount="9415" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я стал встречать по-видимому новое слово &lt;em&gt;политота&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда я попросил объяснить мне его значение, мне его объяснили так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это школота, только в политике.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это пролило некоторый свет на то, что оно значит, но полного понимания не дало.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что обозначает это слово? Можете привести какие-то примеры его использования, которые хорошо иллюстрируют его смысл?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-27T08:43:13.857" LastActivityDate="2015-11-12T11:34:34.483" Title="Значение слова &quot;политота&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="709" CreationDate="2012-07-22T19:13:53.017" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Произошло от слова &quot;хуита&quot;, которое использовал один известный обозреватель компьютерных игр к играм, которые ему не нравились (почти все) и так часто, что слово стало узнаваемым. &lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.to/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0&quot;&gt;Подробности.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Политота&quot; означает некий материал, который содержит политическое содержание или мнение, причем слово передает негативный смысл (как бы говоря, что тому, что использует это слово политика вообще не интересна).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-07-22T19:13:53.017" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="709" CreationDate="2012-07-22T19:19:46.670" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, adding &lt;em&gt;-та&lt;/em&gt; to the end of a word root creates a word to describe, in a slightly (or not slightly) colloquial or even derogatory way a person or his state/actions represented by that root word.  From &lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.to/%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%9C%D0%A2%D0%90#.D0.A7.D0.A2.D0.9E-.D0.A2.D0.9E.2B.D0.A2.D0.90&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a post here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Например, добрый, улыбающийся Номад — ДОБРОТА. Обдолбанный Номад —&#xA;  НАРКОТА. Номад в кепке и с фингалом под глазом — ГОПОТА. Умный, за&#xA;  размышлением — МУДРОТА, с лопатой — ЛОПАТА, насытившийся после пищи —&#xA;  ВКУСНОТА, после встречи с Петросяном — СМЕХОТА. И так далее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the specific word &lt;em&gt;политота&lt;/em&gt;, in the same way, it refers in a somewhat derogatory way to politicians and their meanderings that most regular people consider not much more than blabber or even worse.  Additionally, the word may refer to a collection of other things containing references to such political &quot;stuff&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, @Anixx refers to the same post as I did in my answer, although I started writing my answer before he posted his.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-07-27T16:29:48.513" LastActivityDate="2012-07-27T16:29:48.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="705" CreationDate="2012-07-22T19:56:28.860" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Чопорность проявляется в поведении, а пуризм - в отношении, во взглядах. Есть пуристы в лингвистике, в программировании, хоть в боевых искусствах, это понятие можно применить почти к любой сфере деятельности, включая данный сайт. А чопорность касается именно поведения в обществе, это сродни заносчивости, излишней щепетильности. Пурист может вести себя чопорно, но это &lt;strong&gt;совершенно&lt;/strong&gt; необязательно. Можно сказать, что чопорность это пуризм нравов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="113" LastActivityDate="2012-07-22T19:56:28.860" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="708" CreationDate="2012-07-22T20:05:53.393" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you yourself mentioned in your answer, &lt;em&gt;сноха&lt;/em&gt; is a narrower term: it means daughter-in-law.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To husband's father and mother a wife is both &lt;em&gt;невестка&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;сноха&lt;/em&gt; (and some dictionaries even claim that she is a &lt;em&gt;сноха&lt;/em&gt; only in respect to father-in-law, but not mother-in-law).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To other inlaws (husband's siblings, their spouses; husband's grandparents etc) she is &lt;em&gt;невестка&lt;/em&gt; (but not &lt;em&gt;сноха&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two other kinship terms: &lt;em&gt;ятровь&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;сношенница&lt;/em&gt;, whose usage varies from dialect to dialect. In some dialects, &lt;em&gt;ятровь&lt;/em&gt; is a synonym for &lt;em&gt;невестка&lt;/em&gt;; in others it's a stricter term, meaning &quot;brother-in-law's wife&quot;. Same for &lt;em&gt;сношенница&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-07-23T11:14:53.567" LastActivityDate="2012-07-23T11:14:53.567" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="714" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="707" CreationDate="2012-07-22T20:48:27.200" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Фарисей&lt;/strong&gt; comes from the Bible (&quot;Фарисеи, увидев это, сказали Ему: вот, ученики Твои делают, чего не должно делать в субботу.&quot; - Матф 12:2) and as such sounds extremely bookish. Similarly, &lt;strong&gt;ипокрит&lt;/strong&gt; is Greek and seems to be very infrequent. &lt;em&gt;Национальный корпус русского языка&lt;/em&gt; gives only two examples for this word: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Единственные честные &lt;em&gt;ипокриты&lt;/em&gt; ― актеры. Хазлит [М. А. Чехов. О технике актера (1945)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тут описываются следующие изображения: 1) Жизнь истинного монаха; 2) Небесный путь спасения души; 3) Смерть лицемера (&lt;em&gt;ипокрита&lt;/em&gt;); 4) Смерть праведника; 5) Смерть грешника; 6) Обманчивость времени земной жизни. [А. С. Уваров. Русская символика (1864-1874)].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ханжа&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;лицемер&lt;/strong&gt; are more common. Ханжество is always related to piousness, righteousness and (often sexual) mores (&lt;a href=&quot;http://didacts.ru/dictionary/1041/word/hanzhestvo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;сознат маскировке собств. неблаговидных желаний и поступков под заботу о нравств. чистоте и порядочности&quot;&lt;/a&gt;), while лицемерие is a more general term. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, the first and foremost meaning of &lt;strong&gt;лицедей&lt;/strong&gt; is actor, and while лицедей can be used as a synonym to лицемер, it seems to be not very common. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="256" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-08-14T12:06:50.343" LastActivityDate="2013-08-14T12:06:50.343" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="706" CreationDate="2012-07-22T22:16:58.723" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Люмпен is somewhat close to пролетарий with negative connotation. &#xA;It is sorta of &quot;bad&quot; пролетарий or even &quot;деклассированный элемент&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Маргинал is wider. For example, панк can be considered маргинал, but not always he is a lumpen, any member of left/right extremist organization is a маргинал. Occupy movement can be called маргинальный, but is hardly люмпенский, since many of activists belong no intellectual elite (students, professors, artists etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Филистер/мещанин pair is quite alike in sense of this &quot;marxist/non-marxist&quot; differentiation. Мещанин in its first, historical sense is a representative of specific social class actually. Somewhat close to буржуа, but having much lower social status. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In it second sense, which is the main one nowadays, мещанин indeed means someone who just don't care about any kind of spiritual and social values, deeply selfish and narrow minded person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same about filister (which comes from филистимлянин in german). It believed that this word had been used by new time german students do describe...an average burger (a close relative of russian мещанин) who despises any kind of &quot;abstract&quot; intellectual activity, whether it would be, say, a literature, or archeology or whatever else you should study in the university. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is very close to мещанин indeed. It's just that in russian it tends to be slightly less social marked. Besides, it's is definitely more &quot;bookish&quot; term compared to мещанин :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-07-30T14:21:32.657" LastActivityDate="2012-07-30T14:21:32.657" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="563" CreationDate="2012-07-23T05:45:05.420" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Погнали&quot; в значении перешли к какому-то совместному действию, скорее всего, но не обязательно, сопряжённому с физическим перемещением участников этого действия употребляется относительно редко и с относительно недавнего времени. В прозе 30-х гг. прошлого века, к примеру, таких примеров мало (и я буду благодарен за такую цитату в принципе).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тем не менее, возможно, что слово встречается редко по причине схожей с той, по которой, например, слово &quot;охренеть&quot; не встречается на страницах классиков.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;погнали&quot; в смежном, переходном значении - пошли вместе куда-то (причём без внешнего принуждения), например, есть у Ивана Сергеевича Шмелёва в рассказе &quot;Небывалый обед&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Затребовал льду корзину, дрова, чтобы без сучка, березовых... такой леестр прописал -- половины в Охотном не достали, к Андрееву погнали, на Тверскую. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ещё один намёк/подсказка на то, откуда слово погнали приобрело то значение, о котором вы спрашиваете, есть у Николая Алексеевича Некрасова. В поэме &quot;Кому на Руси жить хорошо&quot;. Вот описание охоты:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Стоял помещик сам \ А там, в лесу, выжлятники \ Ревели, сорвиголовы, \&#xA;  Варили варом гончие. \ Чу! подзывает рог!.. \ Чу! стая воет!&#xA;  сгрудилась \ Никак, по зверю красному \ Погнали?.. улю-лю!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть зверя гнали. И можно представить как один охотник говорит другому: &quot;Ну что, погнали?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2012-07-23T05:45:05.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="132" CreationDate="2012-07-23T06:04:13.757" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a rare word &lt;em&gt;ы́кать&lt;/em&gt;, which actually means ‘to pronounce words with Ы instead of И’. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/a&gt; on a subject:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A long-standing dispute among linguists is whether Russian possesses&#xA;  five vowel phonemes or six; that is, scholars disagree as to whether&#xA;  [ɨ] constitutes an allophone of /i/ or if there is an independent&#xA;  phoneme /ɨ/. The five-vowel analysis, taken up by the Moscow school,&#xA;  rests on the complementary distribution of [ɨ] and [i], with the&#xA;  former occurring after hard (non-palatalized) consonants and [i]&#xA;  elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The six-vowel view, held by the Saint-Petersburg (Leningrad) phonology&#xA;  school, points to several phenomena to make its case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Native Russian speakers' ability to articulate [ɨ] in isolation (for example, in the names of respective letters, &quot;и&quot; and &quot;ы&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Rare instances of word-initial [ɨ] (including the minimal pair &lt;em&gt;и́кать&lt;/em&gt; ‘to produce the sound и’ and &lt;em&gt;ы́кать&lt;/em&gt; ‘to produce the sound ы’),&#xA;  as well as names and toponyms, like &lt;em&gt;Ыб&lt;/em&gt; [ɨp], the name of a river and&#xA;  several villages in the Komi Republic.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-08-14T13:04:52.467" LastActivityDate="2013-08-14T13:04:52.467" CommentCount="17" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="718" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="374" CreationDate="2012-07-23T15:41:15.533" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most informal way to say goodbye is &quot;Пока&quot;, cognate to Italian &quot;ciao&quot;.&#xA;&quot;До свидания&quot; is totally OK, and this is just like you use the &quot;How are you&quot; greeting in English – just a formal way to mark a specific situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More close to &quot;see you&quot; is &quot;увидимся&quot;.&#xA;This actually means that persons involved in conversation are saying goodbye to each other (попрощались друг с другом) and that they most probably will meet in the near future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-07-22T11:03:32.667" LastActivityDate="2017-07-22T11:03:32.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="272" CreationDate="2012-07-23T15:52:40.480" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There exists the so-called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mapryal.org/&quot;&gt;МАПРЯЛ&lt;/a&gt; — Международная Ассоциация Преподавателей Русского Языка и Литературы — this is the closest institution of such kind I can recall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be honest, the Russian government is not doing its best in promoting national culture as well as national language. Taking a look at the last 20 years, there is a stable decline of knowing Russian as a foreign language even in ex-USSR countries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So there is no Russian equivalent that is as influential and global as the British Council or Goethe-Institut.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="133" LastEditDate="2012-07-23T21:15:44.717" LastActivityDate="2012-07-23T21:15:44.717" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="720" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="729" CreationDate="2012-07-24T00:15:03.693" Score="9" ViewCount="753" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was giving a lecture, I was saying &lt;em&gt;бывает, что&lt;/em&gt; whenever I wanted to say &quot;It turns out that...&quot; (thinking of it as &quot;It happens that...&quot;), and afterwards someone told me that I should have said &lt;em&gt;oказывается&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;бывает&lt;/em&gt;. So starting in the next lecture I used &lt;em&gt;оказывается, что&lt;/em&gt;.  Recently I noticed that people often seem to write or say &lt;em&gt;оказывается&lt;/em&gt;, not just &lt;em&gt;оказывается, что&lt;/em&gt;.  Is it standard to omit &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are two concrete examples. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) If I want to say &quot;It turns out that this calculation works in general&quot;, which of the following two variants would be correct: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Оказывается, что это вычисление работает вообще&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Оказывается, это вычисление работает вообще&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Edit: From answers below I see that I should write at the end of the sentence в общем случае instead of вообще, as I meant &quot;works all the time&quot;, not &quot;unexpectedly, it always works&quot;.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) And if I want to say &quot;It turns out that this is the unique solution&quot;, which of the following two would it be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Оказывается, что это единственное решение.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Оказывается, это единственное решение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2013-10-19T02:01:59.253" LastActivityDate="2013-10-19T02:01:59.253" Title="Is it standard to omit &quot;что&quot; in &quot;оказывается, что&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;conjunctions&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="721" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="725" CreationDate="2012-07-24T01:09:57.163" Score="9" ViewCount="803" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the differences in usage between &lt;em&gt;народ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;люди&lt;/em&gt;? I'd like to see some examples to explain such differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-25T17:06:46.627" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T17:06:46.627" Title="Examples using &quot;народ&quot; versus &quot;люди&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="720" CreationDate="2012-07-24T01:57:22.027" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this particular case, which I assume has to do with mathematics,  the most likely translation would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отсюда следует, что данный расчет применим в общем случае.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing to consider is that the whole phrase may be interpreted differently then a piece of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="123" LastEditorDisplayName="user259" LastEditDate="2012-08-03T19:44:04.787" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T19:44:04.787" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="721" CreationDate="2012-07-24T06:24:30.327" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Россия — многонациональная страна, в ней живёт много разных &lt;em&gt;народов&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В эту комнату помещается много &lt;em&gt;людей&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В театре было мало &lt;em&gt;народа&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На собрание пришло не так много &lt;em&gt;людей&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bit more tough:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он вышел из &lt;em&gt;народа&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У ворот стал собираться трудовой &lt;em&gt;люд&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &lt;em&gt;народ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;люди&lt;/em&gt; can be used as synonyms in the slangish address:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Народ (люди), может мне кто-нибудь помочь? Guys, can someone help me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-24T06:24:30.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="720" CreationDate="2012-07-24T07:24:00.907" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Оказывается» is used to convey “it turns out (that)”, it can also mean “it appears (that)”.&#xA;«Бывает», or «случается» means “it happens”, or even “it may happen”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would translate “It turns out that this calculation works in general” as «Оказывается, что данный расчет применим в общем случае».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You're right the second example “It turns out that this is the unique solution” translates «Оказывается, что это — единственное решение».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both cases you can omit the conjunction «что». In English “that” is omitted more often than in Russian. With the omitted «что», the importance of «оказывается» decreases, it could be considered &lt;em&gt;parenthetical word&lt;/em&gt; with the same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="33" LastActivityDate="2012-07-24T07:24:00.907" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="721" CreationDate="2012-07-24T12:35:10.550" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Люди&lt;/em&gt; is simply the plural of &lt;em&gt;человек&lt;/em&gt;, and it means &lt;em&gt;people&lt;/em&gt; in the sense of &quot;more than one person&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Народ&lt;/em&gt; has several meanings. It can mean exactly the same as люди.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В комнате было много людей.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В комнате было много народа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Народ&lt;/em&gt; can mean a nation or an ethnic group (i. e. &lt;em&gt;a people&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Русский народ.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Украинский народ.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Международная конференция.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can also mean the regular citizens, the working people, the lower classes, as opposed to the ruling elite or the aristocracy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он вышел из народа.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Узок круг этих революционеров. Страшно далеки они от народа.&quot; (В. И. Ленин)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-07-24T12:50:10.733" LastActivityDate="2012-07-24T12:50:10.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="726" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-24T12:58:46.073" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-24T12:58:46.073" LastActivityDate="2012-07-24T12:58:46.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="727" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-24T12:58:46.073" Score="0" Body="Covers questions about synonyms, or words that mean approximately the same. For example, it might include questions like &quot;Is X a high registry synonym for Y?&quot;, or &quot;Do X and Y mean the same thing?&quot;, or &quot;Can I use Y instead of X in this context?&quot;." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-24T12:58:46.073" LastActivityDate="2012-07-24T12:58:46.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="721" CreationDate="2012-07-24T19:13:16.573" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, &lt;em&gt;народ&lt;/em&gt; means both &amp;quot;people&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;nation&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word itself looks like a calque from Latin &lt;em&gt;natio&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;that which has been born&amp;quot;), and Vasmer mentions a dialectal usage &amp;quot;a mob, a herd of cattle&amp;quot;. Probably the two have been formed independently (to mean &amp;quot;nation&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;people&amp;quot; accordingly), and later merged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Duke Vyazemsky, a contemporary to Pushkin, mentions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Всякий грамотный человек знает, что слово &lt;em&gt;национальный&lt;/em&gt; не существует в нашем языке; что у нас слово &lt;em&gt;народный&lt;/em&gt; отвечает одно двум французским словам: &lt;em&gt;populaire&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;national&lt;/em&gt;, что мы говорим: &lt;em&gt;песни народные&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;дух народный&lt;/em&gt; там, где французы сказали бы: &lt;em&gt;chanson populaire&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;esprit national&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;[Дамский журн., 1824, 6, № 8]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the meaning of &amp;quot;people&amp;quot;, &lt;em&gt;народ&lt;/em&gt; is pretty synonymous to &lt;em&gt;люди&lt;/em&gt;, &amp;quot;men and women&amp;quot; (or its synecdoche &lt;em&gt;люд&lt;/em&gt;), when the context assumes &amp;quot;group of people&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тебе на эстраде выступать надо, народ веселить. &lt;em&gt;[Я желанна. Разве это стыдно? // «Даша», 2004]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Смотри, держись хорошо, ― сказал он вдруг серьёзно, ― мужчины ― народ хитрый и не говорят того, что думают. &lt;em&gt;[Э. Г. Казакевич. Звезда (1946)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the examples above, you can replace &lt;em&gt;народ&lt;/em&gt; with &lt;em&gt;люди&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the context assumes individuals (as opposed to &amp;quot;group of people&amp;quot;) then you can only use &lt;em&gt;люди&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А я хочу сказать, что люди в наше время разучились любить. &lt;em&gt;[А. И. Куприн. Гранатовый браслет (1911)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;― Я всегда говорила, что у всех людей есть родители, кроме меня. &lt;em&gt;[Н. А. Тэффи. Семейный аккорд (1910)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Безобразные сцены происходили между этими людьми, которые в течение десяти лет избегали резкого выражения, резкого движения. &lt;em&gt;[В. Я. Брюсов. Через пятнадцать лет (1909)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the examples above, you cannot use &lt;em&gt;народ&lt;/em&gt;: the subject assumes individuals, not the groups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, &lt;em&gt;народ&lt;/em&gt; may also mean &amp;quot;nation&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Существуют индоевропейские языки и существуют народы, говорящие на этих языках. [Н. С. Трубецкой. &lt;em&gt;Мысли об индоевропейской проблеме (1938)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы, русские, в первый раз празднуем нынешнюю годовщину; но и другие народы Европы не могут похвастаться перед нами в этом отношении. &lt;em&gt;[И. С. Тургенев. Речь о Шекспире (1864)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я пытался разгадать душу России и русского народа и написал ряд этюдов в этом направлении. &lt;em&gt;[Н. А. Бердяев. Автобиография (1917)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this meaning (unlike the previous) &lt;em&gt;народ&lt;/em&gt; may be used in plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-24T19:13:16.573" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="720" CreationDate="2012-07-25T03:40:12.137" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both sentences &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; “Оказывается, что это вычисление работает вообще” and&#xA; “Оказывается, это вычисление работает вообще”&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;have exactly the same meaning. However, I think they are grammatically different. In the first sentence, “оказывается” is the main clause and “что это вычисление работает вообще” is a subordinate clause (&lt;em&gt;придаточное предложение&lt;/em&gt;); whereas, in the second sentence, “оказывается” is a stance marker/“вводное слово”. Because of that you can say, for example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; “Это вычисление, оказывается, работает вообще.”&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you cannot say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; “Это вычисление, оказывается что, работает вообще.”&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several similar examples in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; “Я думаю, что этот ряд расходится” or&#xA; “Я думаю, этот ряд расходится” or&#xA; “Этот ряд, я думаю, расходится” &#xA; (but not “Этот ряд, я думаю что, расходится”).&#xA;&#xA; “Я полагаю, что нам следует перейти к следующему вопросу” or&#xA; “Я полагаю, нам следует перейти к следующему вопросу” or&#xA; “Нам следует, я полагаю, перейти к следующему вопросу”&#xA; (but not “Нам следует, я полагаю что, перейти к следующему вопросу”).&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW, words “вообще” and “работает” don't sound right in your sentence. In my opinion, it's better to say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; “Это вычисление, оказывается, проходит в общем случае.”&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you present a computation for a special case and then want to say that it works in general, it's better to say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; “Это вычисление, оказывается, проходит и в общем случае.”&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="222" LastEditorUserId="222" LastEditDate="2012-07-25T04:01:35.990" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T04:01:35.990" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="730" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="732" CreationDate="2012-07-25T05:32:49.613" Score="5" ViewCount="237" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I always need to put a hyphen in &quot;по-английски&quot; or are there some rules telling us when I should and when I should not do so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-27T14:27:26.807" LastActivityDate="2012-07-27T14:27:26.807" Title="A hyphen in &quot;по-английски&quot;" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="731" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="730" CreationDate="2012-07-25T05:50:07.653" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the way you spelled the word, meaning &quot;in English language&quot; – always.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will not put a hyphen in a somewhat similar wording when the meaning would be different. E.g. &quot;по английскому обычаю&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="307" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T05:50:07.653" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="730" CreationDate="2012-07-25T08:26:10.557" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;По-английски&quot; is an adverb that is derived from a full-formed adjective &quot;английский&quot; and that ends with &quot;ки&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the rules of Russian spelling (&lt;a href=&quot;http://rosental.virtbox.ru/ortho_xiv.html#sect57&quot;&gt;Rosental, D.E.&lt;/a&gt;), such adverbs are written with a hyphen. You can find the original rule down the link, and here is its translation into English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Adverbs with prefix &lt;strong&gt;по-&lt;/strong&gt; and endings &lt;strong&gt;-ому&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;-ему&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;-ки&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;-ьи&lt;/strong&gt; that are derived from a full-formed adjectives or pronouns are written with a hyphen. For example: &lt;em&gt;работать по-новому&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;пусть будет по-вашему&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;советовать по-дружески&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;говорить по-французски&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;хитрить по-лисьи&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;по-видимому&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;по-пустому&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;по-прежнему&lt;/em&gt;. Also: &lt;em&gt;сделаем по-серёжиному&lt;/em&gt; (derived from a possessive adjective &lt;em&gt;серёжин&lt;/em&gt;, which stems from proper name &lt;em&gt;Серёжа&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &quot;по-английски&quot; is always an adverb. It cannot be seen as a combination of a preposition and an adjective, because no adjective can have ending &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; in dative case with which preposition &lt;em&gt;по&lt;/em&gt; is used. That means that &lt;strong&gt;&quot;по-английски&quot; is always written with a hyphen&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-25T08:49:12.083" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T08:49:12.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="733" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="734" CreationDate="2012-07-25T11:20:25.947" Score="4" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need a comma here before the second &quot;да&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Да и среди нас нет-нет да найдутся неверующие в акцидентное&#xA;  пресуществление.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T11:48:04.637" Title="Comma in &quot;нет-нет да найдутся&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="733" CreationDate="2012-07-25T11:39:29.267" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you do not need it.&#xA;First source I found is from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/punctum/58_487&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;It says that it is an unbroken expression and provides a couple examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/46.htm#%D0%B7_03&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rozental's reference §96&lt;/a&gt; (point 1, note в) states the same. However, both of the sources require you to have a &lt;em&gt;да и&lt;/em&gt;, not just &lt;em&gt;да&lt;/em&gt; in there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think I ever heard this expression without the &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;, but I also can't say it's mandatory. Maybe someone else can comment or edit me about the requirement of the &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="307" LastEditorUserId="307" LastEditDate="2012-07-25T11:48:04.637" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T11:48:04.637" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="733" CreationDate="2012-07-25T11:46:18.130" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;запятая не ставится: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;перед сочетанием &lt;code&gt;да и&lt;/code&gt;, имеющим соединительное значение (думал да и надумал)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в выражении &lt;code&gt;нет-нет да и&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в сочетании глаголов типа &lt;code&gt;взял да и приехал&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://orthographia.ru/punctum_uk.php?rid=238#pg238&quot;&gt;here is the link&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so you actually don't need comma here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T11:46:18.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="736" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-25T17:02:29.953" Score="7" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are the following phrases equally acceptable?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. Он взял автобус в заложники.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  b. Он взял весь автобус в заложники.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. Он съел тарелку.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  b. Он съел всю тарелку.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a. Он договорился с домом.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  b. Он договорился со всем домом.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also have a follow-up question. &lt;strong&gt;If examples are not equally acceptable, why is it?&lt;/strong&gt; Is it the quantifier &lt;em&gt;весь&lt;/em&gt; that somehow changes the meaning of the noun?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The follow-up question probably cannot be answered by merely referring to a credible source of information and requires some subjective explanation. I think that it is a normal situation when one talks about the theory of meaning. It would be nice, though, if a subjective explanation would work for all examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-25T18:41:05.420" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T18:41:05.420" Title="Do quantification adjectives have any effect on metonymy?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="736" CreationDate="2012-07-25T17:48:44.763" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the context allows to tell apart metonymy and direct meaning unequivocally, then the quantification adjectives are not necessary. This is the case for all your examples: you can't really take a vehicle hostage, eat a utensil or negotiate with a building.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the context does not allow such distinction, then an adjective would be required.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он воровал у фирмы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он воровал у всей фирмы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence suggests that the subject stole from the company, while the second suggests he stole from its employees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your third example (&lt;em&gt;договорился с домом&lt;/em&gt;), however, might be confusing in some contexts, as  it's not clear whether the subject settled his matters with the house management or its inhabitants. A quantification adjective here would help to clarify the metonymy (container instead of contents or whole instead of a part).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T17:57:54.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="736" CreationDate="2012-07-25T18:08:29.223" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;@Quassnoi gave an excellent answer, there in nothing to add there in general. As for you examples, to make it completely clear to you:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;a. Он взял автобус в заложники.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact was that people in the bus became hostages. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;b. Он взял весь автобус в заложники.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;People in the bus became hostages. We emphasize on the fact that nobody has escaped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;a. Он съел тарелку.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He has eaten a dish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;b. Он съел всю тарелку.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nothing left on the plate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;a. Он договорился с домом.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He has resolved the problem he probably had with tenants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;b. Он договорился со всем домом.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He hasn't missed anybody when he was resolving this issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="309" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T18:08:29.223" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="667" CreationDate="2012-07-25T18:54:24.520" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As someone who reads a lot of blogs about iDevices in Russian I'll add my 2 kopeks...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;can i say it [айфон сдох] when my phone has simply run out of battery??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, the proper way to say that the battery died is &lt;em&gt;батарея села&lt;/em&gt; - those who say батарея умерла are typically Americans of Russian descent who are using a calque.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can say &lt;em&gt;айфон сдох&lt;/em&gt;, like &lt;em&gt;айфон сдох и выключился&lt;/em&gt; but that implies that someone bricked your iPhone (by screwing up the firmware/baseband update for example).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of my friends say &lt;em&gt;айфон сломался&lt;/em&gt; (the iPhone broke [itself]) when the damage is physical, e.g., the screen is cracked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the iPhone doesn't work for some other reason -- e.g., software rather than hardware, one can simply say &lt;em&gt;айфон не работает&lt;/em&gt; )))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="131" LastEditorUserId="131" LastEditDate="2012-07-25T19:11:05.420" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T19:11:05.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="740" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-25T22:31:56.247" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-25T22:31:56.247" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T22:31:56.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="741" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-25T22:31:56.247" Score="0" Body="Question about quantifiers. Quantifiers are determiners that characterize the quantity of the objects, but don't name it precisely. Examples are: &quot;несколько&quot; (some), &quot;весь&quot; (whole), &quot;каждый&quot; (every)." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-25T22:31:56.247" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T22:31:56.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="742" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-07-25T22:52:48.193" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Metonymy is when one word substitutes another word that denotes a contiguous object. Some of the possible relations between the words are part and whole (&lt;em&gt;флаги&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;корабли&lt;/em&gt;), container and contained substance (&lt;em&gt;чашка&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;чашка кофе&lt;/em&gt;), material and an artifact that is made of it (&lt;em&gt;серебро&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;серебряная медаль&lt;/em&gt;), place and time (&lt;em&gt;Москва&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;время, проведенное в Москве&lt;/em&gt;), etc. Here are examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все флаги будут в гости к нам.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Пожалуй, я выпью еще одну чашку.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Он завоевал серебро на прошлых Олимпийских играх.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Не виделись с Москвы.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-25T22:52:48.193" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T22:52:48.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="743" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-07-25T22:52:48.193" Score="0" Body="Questions about metonymy and metonyms. A metonym is a word that is used instead of another word which denote a contiguous entity. For example, &quot;чашка&quot; is a metonym here: &quot;Я бы выпил еще одну чашку&quot;." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-25T22:52:48.193" LastActivityDate="2012-07-25T22:52:48.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="420" CreationDate="2012-07-26T07:05:21.540" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, first of all, I find that this question is not the best example of questions we should ask, since &quot;most important features&quot; of pronunciation is something one can hardly describe in one answer. I can try to provide some links, for example, here's one on the most &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix%3aRussian_stress_patterns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;common stress patterns&lt;/a&gt; in Russian, but, once again, I repeat it is very difficult to cover all aspects in one answer.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It looks like you are seeking something like Received Pronunciation, the standard accent of Standard English in Great Britain. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russia the usage of language norms is recommended by the Ministry of Education. &#xA;Last regulatory document on language issues (or one of the last one, if I've missed something) is приказ Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации (Минобрнауки России) от 8 июня 2009 г. N 195 &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rg.ru/2009/08/21/russkiy-slovari-dok.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Об утверждении списка&lt;/a&gt; грамматик, словарей и справочников, содержащих нормы современного русского литературного языка при его использовании в качестве государственного языка Российской Федерации&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This act is basically a list of dictionaries considered to be an etalon reference. This list includes, among other dictionaries, &quot;Словарь ударений русского языка&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does this act means from the practical point of view is that all official tests and exams are &quot;synced&quot; with this list of dictionaries. If it is said in this dictionaries that this very word is written this very way, than there is no room for dispute left. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pronunciation is something different. In USSR times there existed so-called &quot;Словарь ударений для работников радио и телевидения&quot;, and in the country where any type of broadcasting  was under government control this dictionary, as well as any other regulative norms about pronunciation was de-facto an indisputable regulatory document. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though this dictionary continues to exist and to evolve nowadays, there is no such thing as regulating pronunciation in global context, even speaking about governmental TV and radio. I mean there is no governmental body which, say, penalties mispronunciation. In each separate case, it's all up to the local regulatory norm of this very editorial board.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is worth mentioning that all this pronunciation norms are mainly about correct forms of words, not about neglecting any kind of dialectal differences. Russian stress patterns in words are often complicated even for native speakers. If you kill somebody who is mispronouncing a word, Russia quickly turns into an unmanned desert.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also worth mentioning that dialectal differences in modern Russian, though still existing, are in no way as crucial as Norwegian, German, British English, or even French. This also applies to pronunciation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-26T07:47:32.613" LastActivityDate="2012-07-26T07:47:32.613" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="667" CreationDate="2012-07-26T11:13:23.170" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some forms of the verb &lt;em&gt;сдыхать&lt;/em&gt; do not feel right with me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The perfective form &lt;em&gt;дохнуть&lt;/em&gt; is fine, &lt;em&gt;быть на грани издыхания&lt;/em&gt; too, but &lt;em&gt;я сдыхаю&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;он сдыхает&lt;/em&gt; (imperfect form) just does not feel right. You can say &quot;я сдыхаю от скуки&quot;, but not just &lt;em&gt;Я сдыхаю.&lt;/em&gt;. You're not dying (there are other words for that), are you hungry? Tired? Moody? Not enough context. &lt;em&gt;Ты сдыхаешь&lt;/em&gt; is even worse - how would you know that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can still say &lt;em&gt;сдох&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сдохни&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;дохлый&lt;/em&gt; (perfect form).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also:&#xA;&lt;em&gt;сдохнуть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;подохнуть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;издохнуть&lt;/em&gt; are virtually the same. They have a bit different colouring, but this should not bother you unless you write books in Russian, which you should not just yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;сдóхнуть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;подóхнуть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;издóхнуть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;продохнýть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;отдохнýть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;вздохнýть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should never mess up the stress. If you ever say &lt;em&gt;отдóхнуть&lt;/em&gt;, you seriously risk killing the person you're having the conversation with, by laughter agony.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="310" LastEditDate="2012-07-26T18:41:49.777" LastActivityDate="2012-07-26T18:41:49.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="420" CreationDate="2012-07-26T12:13:28.327" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While this may be a bit of a sad answer for the community, it &lt;strong&gt;seems that Russian doesn't have any official pronunciation norms&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;I have been looking for some a few years ago, and tried just now. I've never found one, nor heard from anyone about such a guide. There may be recommendations for actors, TV journalists and such, but there doesn't seem to be a common official one to be distributed to usual people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are rules about reducing unstressed vowels, there are rules about consonants, but they describe which phoneme to use. Actual pronunciation of those phonemes remains uncertain, and like you said, it is subject to a bunch of different accents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You question has several subquestions, so a few comments on those:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vowel reduction is described in books on phonetics, such as «Фонетика современного русского литературного языка» by Аванесов Р. И. (§43–49).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find it online for free to link here, unfortunately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question about the sound for the letter &lt;code&gt;ѣ&lt;/code&gt; (ять), it lost any difference with &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; long ago, &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Grot-jat.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this page is an example&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pronunciation of the consonants is described on the level of phonemes, e.g. there are rules when &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt; is to be pronounced as /г/ (горько), /к/ (стог), /х/ (бог) and /h/ (ага). This is described in the book by Аванесов as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stressing has been answered by @shabunc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="307" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-26T12:13:28.327" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="747" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="749" CreationDate="2012-07-26T13:27:32.493" Score="13" ViewCount="1694" Body="&lt;p&gt;Определение ханжи таково:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тот, кто притворно набожен, добродетелен; лицемер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А как назвать человека, который непритворно, а искренне набожен, добродетелен? Он лезет ко всем с нравоучениями, упрекает в безнравственности. Он так же напрягает в общении, как ханжа, но он верит в то, что говорит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли для этого какое-то емкое слово?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="307" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-26T16:42:39.280" LastActivityDate="2012-11-19T14:39:44.087" Title="Как назвать искреннего ханжу?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="747" CreationDate="2012-07-26T13:51:41.997" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть слово &lt;code&gt;прозелит&lt;/code&gt;, оно очень близко к тому, что вы описываете, но есть один нюанс: Прозелит новообращён, он только что познал всю красоту правильного образа жизни (тяжёлого металла, христианства, ислама, буддизма - нужное подчеркнуть).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Прозелити́зм&lt;/a&gt; (от прозелит, из лат. proselytus «обращённый», от греч. προσήλυτος «обращённый, нашедший своё место»):&#xA;  1) стремление распространить свою веру, обратить других в свою веру, стремление к повсеместному установлению поддерживаемой религии,&#xA;  2) перен. горячая преданность вновь принятому учению, новым убеждениям.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть слово &lt;code&gt;миссионер&lt;/code&gt;, оно тоже носит ярко выраженный религиозный характер, но, опять-таки, в каких-то случаях похоже на ваш словесный фоторобот. &#xA;Отсюда же синонимы - проповедник.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так же смотрите &lt;code&gt;адвокат&lt;/code&gt; (адвокат семейных ценностей), &lt;code&gt;ръяный сторонник&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;активный пропагандист&lt;/code&gt;. C прилагательным &lt;code&gt;искренний&lt;/code&gt;, которое ва сами же упомянули, ещё точней, например - искренний пропагандист вегетарианства.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В каких-то контекстах &lt;code&gt;непритворный&lt;/code&gt; может быть подходящей и даже удачной заменой прилагательному &lt;code&gt;искренний&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так, ну а напоследок я должен напомнить, что мы должны быть подобны натуралистам, беспристрастно рассматривающим разных тварюшек под микроскопом, так что обсценная лексика тоже должна быть упомянута.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пётр, ты &lt;code&gt;заёбщик&lt;/code&gt; просто!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Иннокентий, какой же ты &lt;code&gt;мозгоёб&lt;/code&gt; c этой своею моралью...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-07-26T14:33:36.157" LastActivityDate="2012-07-26T14:33:36.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="747" CreationDate="2012-07-26T14:17:44.583" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть такое слово — &lt;strong&gt;моралист&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это именно человек, который напрягает, хотя при этом он может быть искренним.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь у человека есть два признака: Первый, он добродетелен, а второй, он лезет другим людям в душу без мыла. Мне в русском языке неизвестно слово, охватывающее сразу оба признака (язык не считает, что они связаны).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но - второй признак можно назвать &quot;моралист&quot; и это не вызовет явного конфликта с первым признаком, как в слове &quot;ханжа&quot;. Моралист может не быть добродетелен, но может и быть. И тогда это добродетельный моралист. Наверное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы такого человека не встречали, приводите - назовём его как-нибудь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-19T14:39:17.270" LastActivityDate="2012-11-19T14:39:17.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="747" CreationDate="2012-07-26T14:42:54.363" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Возможно, эти слова подойдут по смыслу:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;апологет&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;учёный богослов первых веков христ-ва, выступавший в защиту учения Христа и Церкви&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;тот, кто отличается неумеренным, тенденциозным восхвалением чего-либо или кого-либо.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ратоборец&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Ревностный защитник, поборник чего-либо (обычно с оттенком&#xA;  торжественности, приподнятости) .&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но это слово не имеет прямого отношения к набожности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;клеврет&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Правоверный человек, придерживающийся ортодоксальных взглядов и&#xA;  убеждений; ортодокс (обычно с оттенком иронии) .&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но тут я не вижу, чтобы он приставал и навязывал всем свою точу зрения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еще может &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/681/298&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;поборник&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; подойти по смыслу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-07-26T14:42:54.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="709" CreationDate="2012-07-26T16:57:04.977" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Судя по употреблению, это понятие может подразумевать как группу людей, так и некоторые материалы. &quot;Ай, да ну всю эту политоту&quot;, — подразумевает, что человеку надоело читать/обсуждать некие некомпетентные рассуждения о политике, либо притягивание политики в обсуждение вопросов, близкого к ней отношения не имеющих. &#xA;Для группы людей по имени &quot;политота&quot; я бы привел синоним &quot;политически озабоченные&quot; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="311" LastActivityDate="2012-07-26T16:57:04.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="747" CreationDate="2012-07-26T17:48:56.630" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы сказал &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%F0%E5%E7%EE%ED%B8%F0&amp;amp;all=x&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;резонёр&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Человек, любящий вести пространные рассуждения нравоучительного характера.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примеры:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Из живого, здорового полнотою чувства ребёнка делается рефлектер,&#xA;  резонёр, умник, и, чем лучше он говорит о чувствах, тем беднее он&#xA;  чувствами, ― чем умнее он на словах, тем пустее он внутренно. [В. Г.&#xA;  Белинский. Общая риторика Н.Ф.Кошанского (1844)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прежде всего, он был невероятно злобный зануда и резонер. [И. С.&#xA;  Шкловский. Эшелон (1984) // «Химия и Жизнь», 1988-1992]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="256" LastEditorUserId="307" LastEditDate="2012-07-26T22:10:16.833" LastActivityDate="2012-07-26T22:10:16.833" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="753" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="755" CreationDate="2012-07-26T21:59:41.433" Score="7" ViewCount="314" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hit_and_run_%28vehicular%29&quot;&gt;Hit-and-run&lt;/a&gt; is the act of causing (or contributing to) a traffic accident (such as colliding with a person or a fixture), and failing to stop and identify oneself afterwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usage context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;With personal injury or death, hit-and-run drivers of motor vehicles&#xA;  are also subject to imprisonment of 6 months to 5 years&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-07-29T08:38:52.197" LastActivityDate="2012-07-29T08:38:52.197" Title="What do I call a hit-and-run situation in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="753" CreationDate="2012-07-26T22:06:02.877" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually one talks about &lt;em&gt;бегство с места ДТП&lt;/em&gt; (= дорожно-транспортного происшествия). In a more formal style &lt;em&gt;оставление места ДТП&lt;/em&gt; is also used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="256" LastEditorUserId="8" LastEditDate="2012-07-26T23:31:55.017" LastActivityDate="2012-07-26T23:31:55.017" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="753" CreationDate="2012-07-26T22:07:28.193" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The legalese for this would be &lt;em&gt;оставление места ДТП&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;КоАП РФ, 12.27, п. 2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оставление водителем в нарушение Правил дорожного движения места дорожно-транспортного происшествия, участником которого он являлся, -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;влечет лишение права управления транспортными средствами на срок от одного года до полутора лет или административный арест на срок до пятнадцати суток.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-26T22:07:28.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="757" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="758" CreationDate="2012-07-26T22:53:28.753" Score="7" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need a comma here between &quot;то&quot; and &quot;чтобы&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... потому как они мясо птиц вообще никогда не едят – нe &lt;strong&gt;то чтобы&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  по каким-то дням.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" OwnerDisplayName="brilliant" LastActivityDate="2012-07-26T23:29:08.780" Title="Comma in &quot;нe то чтобы&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="758" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="757" CreationDate="2012-07-26T23:29:08.780" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, you don't need a comma there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/punctum/58_492&quot;&gt;gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;НЕ ТО ЧТОБ / ЧТОБЫ, частица&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Между частями выражения «не то чтобы» знаки препинания не ставятся. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Надо вам заметить, жена моя содержит музыкальную школу и частный пансион, то есть не то чтобы пансион, а так, нечто вроде.&lt;/em&gt; А. Чехов, О вреде табака. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8" LastActivityDate="2012-07-26T23:29:08.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="720" CreationDate="2012-07-27T00:05:29.313" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оказывается, что это вычисление работает вообще&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оказывается, это вычисление работает вообще&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first is simply ungrammatical unless you want to say that &lt;strong&gt;sometimes&lt;/strong&gt; (repeatedly) it happens that the calculation works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Иногда&lt;/strong&gt; оказывается, что это вычисление работает&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you do not add &amp;quot;вообще&amp;quot; in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оказывается, что это единственное решение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оказывается, это единственное решение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly the first is wrong. You can say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Иногда&lt;/strong&gt; оказывается, что это единственное решение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it has different meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-27T00:05:29.313" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="761" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="762" CreationDate="2012-07-27T10:00:11.140" Score="7" ViewCount="413" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference in meaning between these two conjunctions? And can someone come up with a sentence where only one of the two can be used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far, I think that &lt;em&gt;потому как&lt;/em&gt; is a more colloquial alternative for &lt;em&gt;потому что&lt;/em&gt;, but I cannot find their explanations in any dictionary on Грамота.ру. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been thinking that &lt;em&gt;потому как&lt;/em&gt; may be a recent development, but their distributions over years in ruscorpora.ru have the same shape, with the only exception of quantity: &lt;em&gt;потому что&lt;/em&gt; is far more often than &lt;em&gt;потому как&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question popped into my mind because of the example in brilliant's question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... потому как они мясо птиц вообще никогда не едят – нe то чтобы по каким-то дням.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-27T10:12:13.720" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T13:14:04.937" Title="Is there any difference between &quot;потому что&quot; and &quot;потому как&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;conjunctions&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="761" CreationDate="2012-07-27T10:53:50.340" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Потому как&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;потому что&lt;/code&gt; are quite interchangable indeed, yet &lt;code&gt;потому как&lt;/code&gt; is much rarer, not to say slightly more high-flown. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Out of my head I can think of following situation when usage of these word combinations makes difference - if next word after &lt;code&gt;потому что&lt;/code&gt; is что (что-то, что-нибудь an so on) it sounds not that pleasant. Though it worth to mention that this is still acceptable (&quot;потому что что бы ты ни делал, ты мой сын, и я люблю тебя&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zhurnal.lib.ru/b/belousow_w_i/pvo.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Потому как что-то&lt;/a&gt; вдруг подхватило меня, как невидимой рукой, да спиной об стропилу и приложило&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zhurnal.lib.ru/z/zelinskij_s_a/rechimostigittttttt.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Потому как, что&lt;/a&gt; находится у них перед глазами, что как будто открыто им - не замечается ими. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though this is not the only sublety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern russian is valid to use &quot;потому что&quot;  as an independent logical unit.&#xA;It translated something like &quot;I know why, but won't tell you, because this is none of our business - or, may be, it is simply so obvious, that no further explanation needed&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Слушай, ну почему вот ты так взъелась? — Да потому что!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using &lt;code&gt;потому как&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;потому что&lt;/code&gt; is inappropriate here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &quot;потому как&quot; is more appropriate in following kind of sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Потому как норвежцы и шведы — родственные народы, они часто могут понять друг друга без переводчика.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See, &lt;code&gt;потому как&lt;/code&gt; fits better if explanation preceded the subject which is explained. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-07-27T13:26:53.193" LastActivityDate="2012-07-27T13:26:53.193" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="763" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="764" CreationDate="2012-07-27T13:50:41.577" Score="10" ViewCount="1424" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been thinking about for a while, but didn't come to any conclusion.&#xA;What is the correct version for &amp;quot;свечи&amp;quot; (plural for &amp;quot;свеча&amp;quot;) in the genitive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Как расстанешься, если каждый вечер, лишь только нальются нити лампы в 50 свечей, и в зелёной тени абажура я могу писать и читать, в тепле, не помышляя о том, что на дворе ветерок при 18 градусах мороза&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Игра не стоит свеч&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot; Игра стоит свеч, то есть, идет хорошо настолько, что свечей не жаль.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Каталог свечей зажигания и накаливания&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Магия свеч и ангелы&amp;quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="309" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-07-29T17:25:55.917" Title="&quot;свеч&quot; and &quot;свечей&quot; - what is the correct version" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="764" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="763" CreationDate="2012-07-27T13:56:36.357" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Можно и так и так, &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0&quot;&gt;вот&lt;/a&gt; цитата.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Существительное, неодушевлённое, женский род, 1-е склонение (тип склонения 4f по классификации А. Зализняка).&#xA;  Встречается также вариант склонения по схеме 4d (мн. ч. све́чи, све́ч, све́чам, све́чи, све́чами, све́чах).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4f - &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%3a%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot;&gt;это как&lt;/a&gt; раз &lt;code&gt;-е́й&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Соотношение &lt;a href=&quot;http://yandex.ru/yandsearch?text=%22%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%22&amp;amp;lr=213&quot;&gt;свеч&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;http://yandex.ru/yandsearch?text=%22%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87e%D0%B9%22&amp;amp;lr=213&quot;&gt;свечей&lt;/a&gt; в Яндексе, впрочем, меньше, чем 1 к 5, то есть &lt;code&gt;свечей&lt;/code&gt; говорят чаще.  Это не какая-то новая тенденция, употребление обеих форм и перевес в сторону второй формы прослеживается по меньшей мере с 19-го века.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;English summary:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Both &lt;code&gt;свеч&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;свечей&lt;/code&gt; are appropriate, though first form is 5-6 times as rare. This is not a new tendency, both forms are valid and completely interchangeable since at least the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="133" LastEditDate="2012-07-29T17:25:55.917" LastActivityDate="2012-07-29T17:25:55.917" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="765" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-07-27T22:06:48.750" Score="5" ViewCount="1423" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for a dictionary, English to Russian, that lists swear words and goes into depth about them. By &quot;good&quot; in the title, I meant that it should translate also less known/common swear words appropriately into Russian, also, slang words should be included.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be both a dictionary with these swear words included, or a dictionary about it only. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than the link, please &lt;em&gt;include&lt;/em&gt; why you're proposing that solution and why you think it's better than others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-05-23T20:53:16.517" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T11:55:12.750" Title="Is there a good English to Russian dictionary about swear words?" Tags="&lt;resources&gt;&lt;мат&gt;&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="766" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="767" CreationDate="2012-07-28T04:03:54.590" Score="4" ViewCount="615" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which one is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Церковь мно&lt;b&gt;гиx&lt;/b&gt; кого не одобряет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Церковь мно&lt;b&gt;го&lt;/b&gt; кого не одобряет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-07-30T10:17:32.910" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T21:48:14.677" Title="&quot;она мног(иx/о) кого не одобряет&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="766" CreationDate="2012-07-28T10:45:47.017" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I think that only the second variant (&quot;много кого&quot;) is correct.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two different parts of speech in the examples you gave. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first example, &lt;em&gt;многих&lt;/em&gt; is a form of &lt;em&gt;многие&lt;/em&gt;, which is an adjective and modifies &lt;em&gt;кого&lt;/em&gt;. It has the same structure as &lt;em&gt;многие люди&lt;/em&gt;, or if you put it in the same context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Церковь не одобряет многих людей. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are a native speaker, you can feel for yourself that &lt;em&gt;многие кто&lt;/em&gt; sounds incorrect. I didn't manage to find any literature that describes syntactic properties of &lt;em&gt;кто&lt;/em&gt;, but I think that it can hardly be modified by any adjectives at all. The only examples of this kind I can come up with are colloquial back-check questions like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Многие монофизиты пострадали в то время.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  — Многие кто?&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second example, &lt;em&gt;много&lt;/em&gt; is an adverb. I didn't find anything about this function of &lt;em&gt;много&lt;/em&gt; in a dictionary, but it seems to be very similar in function to &lt;em&gt;мало&lt;/em&gt; in the following examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он мало с кем разговаривает.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Мало кто об этом помнит. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Он мало где бывает.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And there is a special entry for this kind of usages of &lt;em&gt;мало&lt;/em&gt; in the dictionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;мало&lt;/em&gt; (с местоим. и нареч.).&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Указывает на недостаточность, незначительное количество, редкость того, что обозначает местоименное слово. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;М. что хорошего я услышал (немного).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;М. где он бывает (в немногих местах).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;М. какой прохожий остановится у калитки (немногие)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br/&gt; &#xA;  &lt;em&gt;М. когда солнце светит с утра (изредка).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be translated as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;мало&lt;/em&gt; (with pronouns and adverbs).&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Denotes insufficient, insignificant amount or rarity of the thing that is referred to by the pronoun. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, we can assume that &lt;em&gt;много кто&lt;/em&gt; is a correct form, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-12T21:48:14.677" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T21:48:14.677" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="768" PostTypeId="7" CreationDate="2012-07-28T10:56:16.197" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian Language and Usage is a Q&amp;amp;A site for people who are interested in studying or teaching Russian as well as for enthusiast and curious native speakers. We welcome questions about the Russian vocabulary and grammar, about the history of expressions, words and grammatical constructions as well as questions about their usage in the modern language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://russian.stackexchange.com/search&quot;&gt;look around&lt;/a&gt; to see if your question has been asked before. It’s also OK to ask and answer your own question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Can I request a translation?&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We do not forbid translation requests but note that &lt;strong&gt;this is not a translation service&lt;/strong&gt;, so we will close any translation request that does not show research effort. Make sure you clearly show it in your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Russian to &lt;em&gt;any language&lt;/em&gt; translations&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;This kind of questions should be better asked in the sites dedicated to the destination language.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;any language&lt;/em&gt; to Russian translations&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Welcome as long as you provide &lt;em&gt;enough&lt;/em&gt; explanation/detail about the original expression/word and you also show research effort, of course.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Can I ask for resources?&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We do not generally welcome resource requests. They are in danger of being &quot;not constructive&quot;, because they expect a list-of-links kind of answers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have created a &lt;a href=&quot;http://russian.stackexchange.com/q/833/71&quot;&gt;single resource question&lt;/a&gt;, where everybody can post their known resources for sharing and can use the other ones. Note that unless your question is &lt;strong&gt;very specific&lt;/strong&gt;, we will close it as a duplicate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Can I ask about the meaning of a single word?&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like Translation, show research effort. Before posting, check if: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's in the dictionary;   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's easily found in a Google search.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the answer to this two points is no, you can ask simple questions like this one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Should I post in Russian or English?&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions and answers can be written both in Russian and English on the Main Site only. The Meta site should be in English only, though. This is a request by the Stack Exchange team so they can communicate with us. So, on the Main site you can choose either language, but we suggest a guideline that has been used on other Stack Exchange sites as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the question is in English, please answer in English;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the question is in Russian, please answer in Russian.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In either case, if you're not as comfortable in the question's language, you can provide a brief but complete answer in the original language, and then a more detailed answer in your preferred language. Other users may help improve your translation. Translations are not mandatory, they are just helpful for users who are not fully bilingual. But keep in mind that if your answer is correct without providing a translation, the OP might not consider it as much as it deserves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in the Meta site, if you post in Russian, you &lt;strong&gt;should&lt;/strong&gt; post an English version, because it's used by the SE team, which doesn't know Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-01-20T15:44:07.807" LastActivityDate="2013-01-20T15:44:07.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="543" CreationDate="2012-07-29T14:12:14.117" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Давай, обра́дуй меня”&lt;/strong&gt; can imply that the one who is about to share the good news with you is only doing it at this very moment and may never be able to do it in the future and might’ve never done this to you in the past. &lt;em&gt;Обрадуй&lt;/em&gt; implies reaching the end of the good news very soon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Давай, пора́дуй меня”&lt;/strong&gt;, however, can imply that he might’ve already done it a number of times in the past and has the potential of doing it again in the future. In other words, it is sort of &amp;quot;possible to be continued&amp;quot; sense. It can also imply that the good news is kind of structured and is going to be reported as a string of a few successive portions (not the whole news all at once), each one being a point of joy of its own. An illustration with a child that is being bathed by her mom in баня could help here: compare &lt;em&gt;“Мама, облей меня!”&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;“Мама, полей на меня!”&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two more examples illustrating all of the above said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что? У тебя радостная &lt;strong&gt;новость&lt;/strong&gt;?! Впервые слышу, чтобы у тебя была какая-нибудь радостная новость. Обычно ты приносишь с собой только рути́нные отчёты о том, что нам и так всем xорошо известно. Ну что-ж, давай, попробуй &lt;strong&gt;обрадуй&lt;/strong&gt; нас. Посмотрим как это у тебя получится.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;О, я вижу у тебя опять xорошие &lt;strong&gt;новости&lt;/strong&gt;! Ну давай, скорее &lt;strong&gt;порадуй&lt;/strong&gt; нас. У тебя это особенно xорошо получается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Обрадуй&lt;/strong&gt; fits in better in the first example, and &lt;strong&gt;порадуй&lt;/strong&gt; fits in better in the second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T17:05:26.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="316" CreationDate="2012-07-30T22:29:55.310" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question is somewhat related to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/272/is-there-a-russian-analogue-of-british-council-or-goethe-institut/719#719&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; &quot;Is there a Russian analogue of British Council or Goethe-Institut&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All boils down to the fact that there does not exists such strong institution which can provide such contest on appropriate level. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet, in the year 2011 such contest has been conducted. So called &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russkiymir.ru/russkiymir/ru/news/common/news24075.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1-й&lt;/a&gt; всемирный фестиваль русского языка&quot; (under МАПРЯЛ guidance), as far as I know, included, among other things, speech contest as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've never heard about the second one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for link, provided by Roman Yankovsky, it's a little bit different story, since (correct me someone who knows this staff better, I might be wrong) major part of contestant were foreign pupils that had studied in russian schools.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-07-30T22:29:55.310" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="424" CreationDate="2012-07-30T22:58:35.227" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have no idea how to teach to pronounce Ы, but I have a success story on teaching correct Щ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One man I've taught was French, and for him pronouncing Щ was a literally a nightmare. After several attempts that finally failed, we've tried following trick:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pronounce Sh for a while, try to make it as lengthy as possible. &#xA;Now try to whisper and hiss like a snake.&#xA;Now, while doing all these, slightly move forward (towards upper teeth) the tip of your tongue. &#xA;Automatically, the middle of the tongue will raise up towards the palate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It turns out that this is Щ :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second my &quot;student&quot; has been an Australian. We've did the same trick with him. It was far easier, since, as we've both noticed, he pronounced &lt;code&gt;she&lt;/code&gt; very close to &lt;code&gt;щи&lt;/code&gt;, not &lt;code&gt;ши&lt;/code&gt; )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for Ч, I've never met someone who had not been able to pronounce this clearly enough )))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-07-31T11:54:19.543" LastActivityDate="2012-07-31T11:54:19.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="424" CreationDate="2012-07-31T18:27:21.160" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have you ever tried Forvo services? This is a big database of pronounced words and expressions in various languages including Russian, so listening to the samples there could be very useful for your students. It could give them an idea how to pronounce some typical syllables and palatalized consonants. Also, there you may place a request on pronunciation of particular words. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian pronunciation guide - Forvo: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.forvo.com/languages/ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.forvo.com/languages/ru/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="309" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-07-31T19:00:13.803" LastActivityDate="2012-07-31T19:00:13.803" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="773" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="774" CreationDate="2012-08-01T02:49:23.180" Score="4" ViewCount="104" Body="&lt;p&gt;In case if I place more than one sentence inside parentheses, where do I need to place the last period? Before the closing parenthesis or right after it? Or do I need a period there at all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which one of the three options here is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Джек никогда не обращал на такие вещи никакого внимания. (Многие в нашем городке имели точно такое же отношение ко всему происxодящему, как и Джек. Это было своего рода признаком смелости и даже силы, когда кто-нибудь не проявлял никакого интереса и не придавал никакого значения мистическим силам, присутствовавшим в этиx местаx и время от время дающим о себе знать*&lt;em&gt;.)&lt;/em&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Джек никогда не обращал на такие вещи никакого внимания. (Многие в нашем городке имели точно такое же отношение ко всему происxодящему, как и Джек. Это было своего рода признаком смелости и даже силы, когда кто-нибудь не проявлял никакого интереса и не придавал никакого значения мистическим силам, присутствовавшим в этиx местаx и время от время дающим о себе знать*&lt;em&gt;).&lt;/em&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Джек никогда не обращал на такие вещи никакого внимания. (Многие в нашем городке имели точно такое же отношение ко всему происxодящему, как и Джек. Это было своего рода признаком смелости и даже силы, когда кто-нибудь не проявлял никакого интереса и не придавал никакого значения мистическим силам, присутствовавшим в этиx местаx и время от время дающим о себе знать*&lt;em&gt;)&lt;/em&gt;*&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-08-01T09:54:50.310" LastActivityDate="2012-08-01T09:54:50.310" Title="Placing more than one sentence inside parentheses" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="773" CreationDate="2012-08-01T05:37:14.343" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Only &lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt; is acceptable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/rules/?rub=oszp&quot;&gt;gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;§ 202.&lt;/strong&gt; Точка, знаки вопросительный и восклицательный и многоточие&#xA;  ставятся &lt;strong&gt;перед закрывающей скобкой, если относятся только к словам,&#xA;  заключенным в скобки&lt;/strong&gt;, но после закрывающей скобки, если относятся ко&#xA;  всему предложению вместе со словами, заключенными в скобки, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;...Вы не изволите знать здешнего судью – Мылова Павла Лукича?.. Не&#xA;    знаете... Ну, все равно. (Он откашлялся и протер глаза.) &#xA;    &lt;em&gt;Тургенев&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Он знал латинский язык, и виргилиевское «quos ego!» (я вас!) не было&#xA;    ему чуждым. &lt;em&gt;Тургенев&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Но:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Обед был действительно недурен и в качестве&#xA;    воскресного не обошелся без трепещущего желе и испанских ветров&#xA;    (пирожного). &lt;em&gt;Тургенев&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;И разве я не вижу, что этот дурень смотрит только на Бурьенку (надо ее&#xA;    прогнать)! &lt;em&gt;Л. Толстой&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Примечание.&lt;/strong&gt; После цитаты, за которой в скобках&#xA;  следует ссылка на автора и на источник, точка опускается и ставится&#xA;  после ссылки вне скобки, например: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Вспомнились слова Базарова:&#xA;    «Природа не храм, а мастерская, а человек в ней работник» (Тургенев).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;§ 203.&lt;/strong&gt; После закрывающей скобки, которой заканчивается предложение,&#xA;  ставится знак препинания, требуемый предложением в целом, независимо&#xA;  от того, какой знак может стоять перед закрывающей скобкой, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Единственный сын его, дед мой Лев Александрович, во время мятежа 1762&#xA;    года остался верен Петру III, не хотел присягнуть Екатерине – и был&#xA;    посажен в крепость вместе с Измайловым (странна судьба и союз сих&#xA;    имен!). &lt;em&gt;Пушкин&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, your sample is really close to the first quote by Turgenev. Period here applies to the sentence inside parentheses.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Both &lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt; are incorrect because sentence inside the brackets is not finished with appropriate punctuation mark.&#xA;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;There is only one case when you need to put a period after parenthesis: when parenthesized text is a last part of a sentence (Check out the last example by Pushkin in the quote above.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="81" LastEditorUserId="81" LastEditDate="2012-08-01T06:24:14.510" LastActivityDate="2012-08-01T06:24:14.510" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="775" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-01T11:48:01.837" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-01T11:48:01.837" LastActivityDate="2012-08-01T11:48:01.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="776" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-01T11:48:01.837" Score="0" Body="Questions about transliteration, or converting a text from one writing system to another without translation. Example: &quot;Надя&quot; - &quot;Nadya&quot;, &quot;провокация&quot; - &quot;provokatsiya&quot;." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-01T11:48:01.837" LastActivityDate="2012-08-01T11:48:01.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="777" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-08-01T17:31:38.493" Score="10" ViewCount="620" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not sure I understand the difference between these two verb forms. For example, what is the difference in meaning between:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кто-то открыл дверь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кто-то открывал дверь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand the first denotes a concrete action and the second a habit, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="126" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-01T18:26:31.173" LastActivityDate="2014-05-01T08:07:59.560" Title="Difference between &quot;открыл&quot; and &quot;открывал&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="778" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="777" CreationDate="2012-08-01T18:08:00.327" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not exactly. These are two verbs of the different aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;открыть&lt;/em&gt; is a &lt;strong&gt;perfective&lt;/strong&gt; form, it denotes a finished action, an action that has reached its result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Хорошо бы проветрить.&lt;br/&gt; &#xA;  — Я только что открыл окно.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— It would be nice to have some fresh air.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  — I have just opened the window.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;открывать&lt;/em&gt; is an &lt;strong&gt;imperfective&lt;/strong&gt; form, it denotes an action that is taking place at the moment of speech (a) or at some other moment denoted in the text (b). It may also have other meanings such as a habit (c), a regularly repeating action (d), an ability or a possible action (e), or a &quot;general fact&quot; (f) (Russian linguists use term &quot;общефактическое значение&quot;). The meaning of a &quot;general fact&quot; is different from the meaning of the normal completed action in that it stresses the action. If you want to stress the result, use a perfective form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  — Хорошо бы проветрить.&lt;br/&gt; &#xA;  — Я как раз открываю окно.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— It would be nice to have some fresh air.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  — I am opening the window right now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Когда она вошла в комнату, я открывал окно.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  when she entered the room, I was opening the window.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  По утрам он первым делом открывал окно в спальне.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Every morning the first thing he did was to open the window.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(d) &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Я несколько раз открывал окно и выглядывал на улицу, но ничего необычного не заметил.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  I opened the window and peeked outside several times, but I didn't notice anything unusual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(e)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;   Наш кот слишком умный, он сам открывает холодильник.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Our cat is way too smart, it can open a fridge on his own.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(f)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Кто-нибудь открывал окно в этой комнате? — спросил детектив.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Has anyone opened a window in this room? — asked the detective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-02T06:56:07.880" LastActivityDate="2012-08-02T06:56:07.880" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="777" CreationDate="2012-08-01T18:08:40.607" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Открыл denotes a complete action.&#xA;E.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он открыл дверь и уведел труп в комнате.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He opened the door and saw a corpse in the room.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Открывал denotes the prolonged action. In English it's conveyed by using progressive tenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он наделал много шума, когда открывал дверь. (if we use открыл here,&#xA;it would mean that he opened the door and made a lot of noise &lt;strong&gt;after&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;that).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He made a lot of noise when he was opening the door.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-08-01T18:08:40.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="780" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="792" CreationDate="2012-08-01T22:22:41.697" Score="10" ViewCount="688" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fresh (non-salt) water is also called sweet in English. &#xA;Surprisingly, the word sweet is also used in some Slavic languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be precise:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in &lt;a href=&quot;http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woda_s%C5%82odka&quot;&gt;Polish&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;code&gt;woda słodka&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in &lt;a href=&quot;http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sladk%C3%A1_voda&quot;&gt;Czech&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;code&gt;sladká voda&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in Croatian (as well as in Serbian and Bosnian, may be with different spelling), &lt;code&gt;slatka voda&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there are some Slavic languages where literally &lt;code&gt;питьевая&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;пресная&quot; (it worth to mention that the same we can tell about above-mentioned languages, it's just that this expression are not 100% interchangeable)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in &lt;a href=&quot;http://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot;&gt;Macedonian&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;code&gt;питка вода&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;Though in Bulgarian, which is close relative of Macedonian, it is said &lt;code&gt;прясна вода&lt;/code&gt;. In Ukrainian one should say &lt;code&gt;прісна вода&lt;/code&gt;, in Belorussian, &lt;code&gt;прэсная вада&lt;/code&gt;. But the two last examples are not that surprising, since both Ukrainian and Belorussian belong to the same subbranch of Slavic languages that Russian belongs to as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is: &lt;strong&gt;Has it ever existed  expression &quot;cладкая вода&quot; in Russian, with that very meaning. If yes, when and how it loose battle to &quot;пресная вода&quot;?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; here is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slavdict.narod.ru/_0614.htm&quot;&gt;an excerpt&lt;/a&gt; from Church Slavonic dictionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;сладкїй - cладкий; весьма приятный; добрый, кроткий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This does not give any hint. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2019-05-22T20:42:23.013" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T11:53:08.100" Title="Was &quot;сладкий&quot; ever synonymous with &quot;пресный&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;other-languages&gt;&lt;slavic&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="781" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="780" CreationDate="2012-08-02T00:13:47.157" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I didn't encounter &lt;code&gt;сладкая&lt;/code&gt; in meaning of &lt;code&gt;пресная&lt;/code&gt; in Russian. Moreover, I cannot realize its using this way. Being applied to food or drinks, &lt;code&gt;сладкая&lt;/code&gt; may be used to express &lt;code&gt;вкусная&lt;/code&gt; (tasty, delicious), although its using in this meaning considered old-fashioned and outdated nowadays. &lt;code&gt;Сладкая вода&lt;/code&gt; literally assotiates with lemonade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="309" LastActivityDate="2012-08-02T00:13:47.157" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="782" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-02T08:13:15.430" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Particles are a very heterogeneous class. This class includes all items with vague lexical meaning that give different emotional shades to the sentence (&quot;разве&quot; in &quot;А разве он не приедет?&quot;), function as means of expression of different predicative categories (&quot;бы&quot; in &quot;Он бы приехал, но некогда&quot;, question particle &quot;ли&quot;, negation particles) or discourse markers (&quot;ну&quot; in &quot;Ну, а теперь он не может приехать, мало ли что он раньше говорил.&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-02T08:13:15.430" LastActivityDate="2012-08-02T08:13:15.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="783" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-02T08:13:15.430" Score="0" Body="Questions about particles. Particles are function words that lack precise lexical meaning. Examples: &quot;ну&quot; - &quot;well&quot;, &quot;даже&quot; - &quot;even&quot;, negation particles." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-02T08:13:15.430" LastActivityDate="2012-08-02T08:13:15.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="784" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-02T08:31:11.297" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Everything related to the Russian language in the context of its relations with other Slavic languages, either extinct or alive.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-02T08:41:21.277" LastActivityDate="2012-08-02T08:41:21.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="785" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-02T08:31:11.297" Score="0" Body="Everything related to the Russian language in the context of its relations with other Slavic languages." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-02T08:40:47.813" LastActivityDate="2012-08-02T08:40:47.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="786" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-02T08:35:10.840" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Questions on the history of the Russian language, its origin and changes it underwent through the centuries. This includes historical changes in vocabulary, grammar, phonetics and semantics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-02T20:35:38.920" LastActivityDate="2013-02-02T20:35:38.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="787" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-02T08:35:10.840" Score="0" Body="Questions on the history of the Russian language, its origin and changes it underwent through the centuries." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-02T20:35:49.747" LastActivityDate="2013-02-02T20:35:49.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="208" CreationDate="2012-08-02T10:09:07.620" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, I'd say that we should speak here separately of oral speech and  written norm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for texts in newspapers, the percent of words that can be understood by russian-only speaker is big enough to understand almost everything. The meaning of words that are uncommon can be understood by context in which they have been encountered. For example, &lt;code&gt;відсотків&lt;/code&gt; means percents in Ukrainian, and this word by itself is not familiar to  russian monolingual speaker. But if such speaker would read this in phrase &quot;Стягнення відсотків за товарний кредит, якщо відсотки не передбачені договором&quot; he most probably will guess what this is about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for oral speech, it is always harder to get both context and correct spelling to make any kind of conclusions. So it is harder in average. Nevertheless, it would not be an exaggeration to say that Ukrainian is pretty much understandable in any case)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-08-02T10:37:31.890" LastActivityDate="2012-08-02T10:37:31.890" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="765" CreationDate="2012-08-02T18:45:36.210" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can give you a method. You translate an English swear word &lt;a href=&quot;http://matno.ru/index/perevodchik_maternyh_slov_onlajn/0-4/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and next search for it in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://mat.al.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;defining dictionary&lt;/a&gt;. I use it, because I have never seen all-in-one solutions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="328" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-03T09:38:39.170" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T09:38:39.170" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="790" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="765" CreationDate="2012-08-03T05:28:02.777" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found a dictionary called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russki-mat.net/e/Russian.php&quot;&gt;Пиздец!&lt;/a&gt;, a Russian-English slang dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the introducing it says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The following 1,700 words and expressions are rude, naughty and generally not something you would say in front of your mother.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="109" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T05:28:02.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="792" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="780" CreationDate="2012-08-03T12:46:54.890" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;In some Russian dictionaries &quot;пресный&quot; and &quot;сладкий&quot; are listed as synonyms, but now I'd rather hear &quot;пресный&quot; in meaning &quot;не сладкий&quot;, i.e. as antonym of &quot;сладкий&quot;. I think these words were used as antonyms long time ago and only within some specific context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. The most common meanings for &quot;пресный&quot; are: without salt (water), tasteless (food &amp;amp; drinks); While &quot;сладкий&quot; means: with sugar (food or drinks) or pleasant (about something else).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Olga, sorry for not being useful with my previous answer, but I've dug a bit more and found that there are mentions of &quot;сладкая вода&quot; in religious texts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«25. [Моисей] возопил к Господу, и Господь показал ему дерево, и он бросил его в воду, и вода сделалась сладкою.» — Ветхий Завет, Книга Исход, Глава 15.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«17. воды краденые сладки, и утаенный хлеб приятен» — Ветхий Завет, Книга Притчи, Глава 9.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«12. Не может, братия мои, смоковница приносить маслины или виноградная лоза смоквы. Также и один источник не [может] изливать соленую и сладкую воду.» — Новый Завет, Книга Иакова, Глава 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«11. Течет ли из одного отверстия источника сладкая и горькая [вода]?» — Новый Завет, Книга Иакова, Глава 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«9. Сладкие воды сделаются солеными, и все друзья ополчатся друг против друга; тогда сокроется ум, и разум удалится в свое хранилище.» — Ветхий Завет, Третья книга Ездры, Глава 5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase &quot;сладкая вода&quot; was used in the meaning: не горькая, не солёная, приятная на вкус вода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase &quot;пресный хлеб&quot; is antonym to &quot;квасной хлеб&quot;, but I've not found any other use of word &quot;пресный&quot; in the Bible, so I can conclude that &quot;пресная вода&quot; is younger phrase than &quot;сладкая вода&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most common meaning of &quot;пресный хлеб&quot; is — unleavened or with leavening agents; but you can find another meaning — containing not salted water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I still cannot answer your question about how and when &quot;пресная вода&quot; won over &quot;сладкая вода&quot;, but I can suggest that &quot;пресная вода&quot; has it's origins from cooking unleavened bread.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can only suggest you to search through old sources for occurrences of &quot;пресная вода&quot; to find out how and when.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="333" LastEditorUserId="333" LastEditDate="2012-08-05T16:45:25.557" LastActivityDate="2012-08-05T16:45:25.557" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="761" CreationDate="2012-08-03T13:14:04.937" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The second one is not in active use, but sometimes occurs as part of (possibly incorrect) archaic stylization or text beautifier.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T13:14:04.937" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="794" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="720" CreationDate="2012-08-03T14:43:27.540" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;1+2. In given context both variants have the same meaning. The second one is a bit more official, though, and is (don't know why) a bit more popular in science texts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the use case is math(or other mathematizide science, such as theoretical physics) lecture, then &lt;code&gt;Оказывается&lt;/code&gt; is not the good word at all, as it weakly suggests, that result is unexpected. It is standard to use &lt;code&gt;Следовательно&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Можно доказать, что...&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Из этого следует, что&lt;/code&gt; expressions in such setting. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;in general (case)&lt;/code&gt; hear translates as &lt;code&gt;в общем случае&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;всегда&lt;/code&gt;ю&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T14:43:27.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="720" CreationDate="2012-08-03T18:47:08.630" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you can omit the word «что» (that), exactly as you can do it in English in the following example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— I think, (that) you have to talk to her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="335" LastActivityDate="2012-08-03T18:47:08.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="796" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="720" CreationDate="2012-08-04T17:15:56.647" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Оказывается, это вычисление работает&lt;/code&gt; would be a better translation, omitting the &lt;code&gt;в общем&lt;/code&gt; altogether. The reason is - I'm actually not sure what &quot;general&quot; stands for in your case. Is it a &quot;works for a general case&quot;? or a &quot;generally works&quot; (as an expression of a surprise that this even works at all)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those two would produce different variations, namely:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;... работает в общем случае&lt;/code&gt; (as opposite to &lt;code&gt;... в частном случае, когда&lt;/code&gt; followed by specific constraints of that case)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and the seconds one would produce the&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;... работает вообще&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You see, your translation with the use of &lt;code&gt;вообще&lt;/code&gt; means a surprise, not a generalization.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, for the use of &lt;code&gt;что&lt;/code&gt; after &lt;code&gt;оказывается,&lt;/code&gt; - these two forms are almost identical with an extremely subtle difference in your attitude towards such a discovery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Оказывается, что&lt;/code&gt; - this one would denote a &lt;em&gt;continuation&lt;/em&gt; of a previous line of thought. It's somewhat similar to the use of English &lt;em&gt;the&lt;/em&gt; after the subject has been named or mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Оказывается,&lt;/code&gt; - this one is more generic and would often indicate an out-of-conversation &quot;open line&quot; to change a current subject, though not necessarily as one could use this form while telling a story and coming to a &quot;discovery&quot; part of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second form is a bit less formal (and is thus prevailing in a spoken language) while the more extended form is more formal and has a hint of authoritativeness to it as if the speaker is re-affirming the discovery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Disclaimer: I'm not a philologist, just a native speaker :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="336" LastEditorUserId="336" LastEditDate="2012-08-04T17:27:09.087" LastActivityDate="2012-08-04T17:27:09.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="797" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="798" CreationDate="2012-08-04T18:27:03.080" Score="11" ViewCount="2055" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Neil Cornwell translation of Daniil Kharms' story &quot;Clunk&quot; I see the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The picture is a drawing of a horse, the horse has gypsy in its teeth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That sounds like a very strange picture: the picture of a horse with a man between his teeth... Well, that's possible with Kharms, but I still wanted to double check.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian text should be as below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Лето, письменный стол. Направо дверь. На столе картина. На картине&#xA;  нарисована лошадь, а в зубах у лошади цыган. Ольга Петровна колет&#xA;  дрова. При каждом ударе с носа Ольги Петровны соскакивает пенсне.&#xA;  Евдоким Осипович сидит в креслах и курит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could you please help me figure out if there is really a man between the horse's teeth?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="337" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T08:56:10.583" LastActivityDate="2013-02-19T11:37:43.917" Title="&quot;Horse has gypsy in its teeth&quot; - what does it exactly mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="797" CreationDate="2012-08-04T19:29:52.940" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Could you please help me figure out if there is really a man between the horse's teeth?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I read it, yes. There is non-zero probability, that this is lost idiom, but I doubt it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastActivityDate="2012-08-04T19:29:52.940" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="799" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="797" CreationDate="2012-08-04T19:51:50.540" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sure, it is written that gypsy is in horse's teeth. This is exactly what &quot;в зубах у лошади цыган&quot; means, no chance it could be an idiom. Well, Kharms books are full of humorous absurd things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="338" LastActivityDate="2012-08-04T19:51:50.540" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="800" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="804" CreationDate="2012-08-06T13:32:52.510" Score="8" ViewCount="288" Body="&lt;p&gt;See for example the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В Париж с Константином Коровиным&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why the -ом on the first name and -ым on the last name?  Are there any other words besides &quot;with&quot; that would see this pattern?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="95" LastEditDate="2012-08-10T07:20:03.973" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T07:20:03.973" Title="What case should a name use after the preposition 'with'?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="800" CreationDate="2012-08-06T14:07:54.387" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nice question! The difference is that &lt;em&gt;Константин&lt;/em&gt; is a first name, while &lt;em&gt;Коровин&lt;/em&gt; is a surname. According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/28.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the rules&lt;/a&gt;, surnames ending with the suffixes &lt;em&gt;-ин&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;-ын&lt;/em&gt; get the ending &lt;em&gt;-ым&lt;/em&gt; in the instrumental case. Константин, on the contrary, has the usual ablative index &lt;em&gt;-ом&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly, if a surname becomes a city name, the above rule is not applicable any more: &lt;em&gt;Голицын — За Голицином&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T14:07:54.387" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="800" CreationDate="2012-08-06T15:04:31.213" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer is that -ин surnames have the same declension as adjectives. That's why it is &quot;Сталиным&quot;, &quot;Путиным&quot; rather than &quot;Сталином&quot;, &quot;Путином&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-08-06T15:04:31.213" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="800" CreationDate="2012-08-06T17:34:24.427" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically, the first name here is of noun-type, that conjugate as noun, and surname is possessive adjective (roughly translated like cow's), that became surname, and conjugates as possesive adjective. So, they have different conjugated forms. Moreover, this surname conjugates with male and female first names differently. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not, however, a special case of adjectives, ended with &quot;-ин&quot;, that have two variants of conjugation in some cases, ending with &quot;-а&quot; or &quot;-ого&quot;, that may be confusing. The first variant is standard for surnames, but the second is dominating in other cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="334" LastEditDate="2012-08-07T04:51:47.553" LastActivityDate="2012-08-07T04:51:47.553" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="800" CreationDate="2012-08-06T19:57:13.173" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why the &lt;code&gt;-ом&lt;/code&gt; on the first name and &lt;code&gt;-ым&lt;/code&gt; on the last name?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last names with this paradigm (ending in &lt;code&gt;-ов&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ев&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ёв&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ин&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ын&lt;/code&gt; and their female counterparts) developed from posessive adjectives and decline like those, though keeping the old short form paradigm: &lt;em&gt;Коровина&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Коровину&lt;/em&gt; rather than &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;&amp;#42;Коровиного&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;&amp;#42;Коровиному&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, &lt;em&gt;Коровин&lt;/em&gt; is a contraction of &lt;em&gt;Коровин сын&lt;/em&gt;: a son of a person named, dubbed, nicknamed, or otherwise yclept &lt;em&gt;корова&lt;/em&gt; (cow).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Until quite recently, it was the way to write the patronymics (&lt;em&gt;Иван Петров сын Сидоров&lt;/em&gt;), and it's still used in Bulgarian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this paradigm is only valid for last names of this origin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Names originated from other languages (&lt;em&gt;Асприн&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Толкин&lt;/em&gt; etc.) are declined as nouns (&lt;em&gt;Асприном&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Толкином&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian names which have not originated from posessive adjectives (&lt;em&gt;Литвин&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Мордвин&lt;/em&gt;) also decline as nouns (&lt;em&gt;Литвином&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Мордвином&lt;/em&gt;). However, the names' origins in this case are not obvious from sg. nom., so these last names can decline as posessive adjectives as well, and only the name bearer may know the right form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The name of Ivan Ivanovich Sakharine, the antagonist in &quot;Tintin's adventures&quot;, is declined &lt;em&gt;Сахариным&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;Сахарином&lt;/em&gt; in Russian translation (though both versions are grammatically possible). It's believed it should be an old aristocratic family name originated from the word &lt;em&gt;сахар&lt;/em&gt; (sugar), not quite a recent nick originated from &lt;em&gt;сахарин&lt;/em&gt; (saccharin).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-08-07T13:13:53.653" LastActivityDate="2012-08-07T13:13:53.653" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="805" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="809" CreationDate="2012-08-07T13:14:24.367" Score="4" ViewCount="623" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;не хватает три рубля/трёх рублей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;не хватает два рубля/двух рублей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;не хватает один рубль/одного рубля&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both seem to be commonly used in day-to-day speech. Any thoughts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt; To reiterate, I'm not asking which of the two options is &lt;em&gt;correct&lt;/em&gt;. I'm asking why  both versions can be commonly encountered. Вопрос не про норму, а про узус. Не про то что правильно, а про то, почему повседневно встречается и первый вариант.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-08-07T20:25:57.020" Title="не хватает ... рубля/рублей" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="805" CreationDate="2012-08-07T14:46:22.767" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;не хватает трёх рублей, двух рублей, одного рубля&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="346" LastActivityDate="2012-08-07T14:46:22.767" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="805" CreationDate="2012-08-07T14:55:20.563" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on context.&#xA;There is 6 (падеж) in russian languge:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Именительный (from name - имя): У тебя есть (Что?) три рубля.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Родительный. You may think of it just like you missing something/someone: В коробке нет (чего?) трёх рублей.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дательный (From Give - Дать). Think of it just like you whant to give something to someone. It will be difficult to explane on example with &quot;три рубля&quot;. So, there is two examples: with enlivened and unenlivened object: Рассказать (кому?) соседу. Положить деньги к остальным (чему?) трём рублям. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Винительный (from Blame - Винить). Think of it just like you whant to blame someone/something.  Я виню (кого?) себя. Я виню (что?) три рубля. As you can see, in case of unenlivened object, question is same as for (именительный падеж).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Творительный (From Make - Творить). Think of it just like you controll something: Я владею (Чем?) тремя рублями.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Предложный (From sentence - предложение). Think of it just like you speaking about something: Давайте поговорим (о чём?) о трёх рублях.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in your case: Не хватает одного/двух/трёх/четырёх (etc) рублей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="345" LastEditorUserId="345" LastEditDate="2012-08-07T15:06:43.637" LastActivityDate="2012-08-07T15:06:43.637" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="805" CreationDate="2012-08-07T16:40:23.113" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Personally I've never heard &quot;не хватает один рубль&quot; but definitely many times heard &quot;рубля&quot; instead of &quot;рублей&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be honest, each time I'm trying to response such kind of questions, I think of &quot;Из заметок о любительской лингвистике&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ozon.ru/context/detail/id/6210376/&quot;&gt;book&lt;/a&gt;. I'm not a professional linguist, neither I'm bold enough to call me even an amateur linguist. So be warned, what I'm going to say is just a hypothesis. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do believe that the reason behind this customary declension is that in phrases like this &quot;не хватает&quot; can be interpreted as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_verb&quot;&gt;transitive verb&lt;/a&gt;, and, talking about transitive verbs &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5&quot;&gt;in Russian&lt;/a&gt;, one should remember following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вместо винительного падежа дополнение при переходном глаголе может&#xA;  стоять и в родительном падеже без предлога: 1) если есть отрицательная&#xA;  частица &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt; перед переходным глаголом: понял задачу — не понял&#xA;  задачи; читал роман — не читал романа; терять время — не терять&#xA;  времени;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it is told that: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При определении переходности/непереходности глаголов необходимо&#xA;  учитывать и значение существительного в форме винительного падежа —&#xA;  оно должно называть объ­ект действия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See, in phrases &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ricardo.com.ua/news/economics/114082&quot;&gt;like&lt;/a&gt; &quot;Украине не хватает три миллиарда для расчета за газ&quot; (so it is not only about roubles) numeral is treated - and I'm using treated in strictly customary way))) - like noun. Moreover, &quot;три [чего?] рубля&quot; is treated like a noun. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To illustrate this, we can easily say - &quot;Недостающие Украине три миллиарда придётся где-то поискать&quot;, &quot;недостающие два рубля, он, к своей великой радости, нашёл под столом&quot;. And participle is a noun modifier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-08-07T19:17:48.190" LastActivityDate="2012-08-07T19:17:48.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="780" CreationDate="2012-08-07T17:08:44.140" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;пресная&lt;/code&gt; - water with no taste (synonim for water - river water - not sea)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;сладкая&lt;/code&gt; - water with sugar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="347" LastActivityDate="2012-08-07T17:08:44.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="805" CreationDate="2012-08-07T20:25:57.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verbs &lt;em&gt;хватать&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;доставать&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;довлеть&lt;/em&gt; (in its original meaning) govern nouns both in singular and in plural without changing their form (though with different meaning):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мне хватило лошади // мне хватило лошадей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ему недостаёт года // ему недостаёт лет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ей довольно друга // ей довольно друзей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using these words with numerals leads to a contamination, because it's not clear whether the verb should govern the noun directly or through the numeral, the end result (for the noun) being the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-08-07T20:25:57.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="780" CreationDate="2012-08-08T05:00:24.453" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For my 24 years of speaking Russian I have never heard “сладкий” used as a synonym to “пресный” in day-to-day speech. Moreover, here is a clear meaning of these words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About examples, written by Sergiy: I suggest it could be used in Old-Russian language, but it is never used today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="345" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-08T16:10:31.740" LastActivityDate="2012-08-08T16:10:31.740" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="780" CreationDate="2012-08-08T13:48:55.460" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As mentioned by Sergiy, this meaning was used in Church Slavonic and I believe in Proto-Slavic too (as well as in most IE languages).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The earliest mention in Old Russian is I believe this PC excerpt:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И бѣ ту вода горка, и възропташа людье на Бога, и показа имъ древо, и вложи е Моисѣй въ воду, и осладишася воды&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is a loose citation of Exodus 15:25 translated into Old Russian from Old Church Slavonic (or maybe from Greek).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's hard to say whether it's a proper translation or a calque, however, the author deemed it clear enough to leave as is (as well as did the authors of the Synodal translation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-05-23T11:53:08.100" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T11:53:08.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="797" CreationDate="2012-08-08T18:34:17.213" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The translation is correct. However this may be not idiom nor a joke. It may mean that gypsy not in the mouth exactly and that he is doing something (adjusts a bridle for example) by hands between the horse's teeth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jdLz9.png&quot; alt=&quot;the horse has gypsy in its teeth&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="286" LastActivityDate="2012-08-08T18:34:17.213" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="817" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="818" CreationDate="2012-08-09T12:37:57.780" Score="5" ViewCount="289" Body="&lt;p&gt;Somebody sent me a letter that included this sentence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Извини, это я сделала не случайно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked up &lt;em&gt;случайно&lt;/em&gt; and it had the definition&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;accidentally, by accident, casually, by chance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I assumed &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; случайно&lt;/em&gt; meant &lt;em&gt;not accidentally&lt;/em&gt;, i.e. &lt;em&gt;on purpose&lt;/em&gt;. But the person who wrote me said &lt;em&gt;не случайно&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;on accident&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the negation of the word really mean the same thing, or am I missing something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="197" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-08-09T13:46:49.747" LastActivityDate="2012-08-09T13:46:49.747" Title="What do &quot;случайно&quot; and &quot;не случайно&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="817" CreationDate="2012-08-09T13:07:38.997" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. It's probably just a typo. Your assumptions about the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;случайно&lt;/em&gt; are correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="280" LastActivityDate="2012-08-09T13:07:38.997" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="819" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="820" CreationDate="2012-08-09T15:03:13.907" Score="5" ViewCount="942" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm reading Kharms (again). And a friend of mine warned me that some of the names Kharms uses may actually have some meaning that are lost in translation (like in the example of Mr. Joker, Ms. Cow, Mr. Mouse, Mr. Cat, Mr. Flatulent, etc.) which adds another dimension to the stories. I extracted some of the names in the stories. I need help figuring out if these names imply something:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Petrov&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kamarov&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Makarov&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Petersen&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Petrakov-Gorbunov&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pritikin&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Serpuhov&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kurova&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Koratigin&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tikakeev&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mashkin&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Koshkin&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Oknov&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kozlov&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stryuchkov&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Motylkov&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Susanin&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pakin&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rakukin&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Olga Petrovna&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Evdokim Osipovich&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt; I have compared two different translations, and noticed that in one of the translations (Matvei Yankelevich) some of the names were translated as Catov, Mosquitov, etc. But since I didn't see the same in the other translation (Neil Cornwell), I wanted to make sure that the translation is accurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="337" LastEditorUserId="337" LastEditDate="2012-10-07T12:55:25.733" LastActivityDate="2012-10-07T12:55:25.733" Title="Do these surnames imply anything?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="819" CreationDate="2012-08-09T16:39:46.097" Score="6" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Petrov - native surname, derivide from name Petr &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kamarov - native surname, derived from word, that translates like Mosqito&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Makarov - native surname, derived from long-forgotten first name Makar&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Petersen - most probably imported surname.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Petrakov-Gorbunov - double surname, first is derivide from Petr name using, but in indirect manner. Gorbunov is derived from Gorbun (Hunchback)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pritikin - is derived from Pritik. &lt;code&gt;Затык&lt;/code&gt; may be roughly translated as point of problem, and &lt;code&gt;приткнутся&lt;/code&gt; may be roughly translated as 'to make a stop'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Serpuhov - is derived from &lt;code&gt;серп&lt;/code&gt; - sickle or, may be &lt;code&gt;серпуха&lt;/code&gt; - a kind of plant. Also, a city name.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kurova - is derived from &lt;code&gt;Курица&lt;/code&gt;, female mature chicken. This word may mark stupid woman.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Koratigin - has root from &lt;code&gt;короткий&lt;/code&gt; - short.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tikakeev - cannot find origin&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mashkin - derived from inpolite form of Maria. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Koshkin - derived from &lt;code&gt;кошка&lt;/code&gt; - female cat. BTW, &lt;code&gt;Машкин-Кошкин&lt;/code&gt; used in place of surename may be used to mark some lowlife, insignificant person.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Oknov - derived from &lt;code&gt;окно&lt;/code&gt; - window&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kozlov - derived from &lt;code&gt;козел&lt;/code&gt;, male goat. This word is often used to mark (stupid) bastard and to make insults.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stryuchkov - derivied from &lt;code&gt;стручок&lt;/code&gt;, silique. This word may mark small, but, errgh, agressive person.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Motylkov - derivide from &lt;code&gt;Мотылек&lt;/code&gt;, kind of butterfly&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Susanin - is strongly connected with name of &lt;code&gt;Сусанин, Иван Осипович&lt;/code&gt; and spawned some verbs, like &lt;code&gt;засусанить&lt;/code&gt; - to mislead into wilderness.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pakin - no guess&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rakukin - no guess&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Olga Petrovna - plane regular name with patronimic&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Evdokim Osipovich - plane regular name with patronimic, but both name and father's name are not very popular today.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="334" LastEditDate="2012-08-09T16:45:18.460" LastActivityDate="2012-08-09T16:45:18.460" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="819" CreationDate="2012-08-09T18:16:29.430" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the excellent permeakra's answer, I just want to add info about &quot;no guess&quot; surname.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ufolog.ru/names/order/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; is about &lt;code&gt;Pakin&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Фамилия Пакин восходит к диалектному глаголу «пакинать», который в&#xA;  новгородских, псковских и тверских говорах означает «учащать&#xA;  посещеньями; угождать». &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so, it had been derived from dialectal verb &lt;code&gt;пакинать&lt;/code&gt;, which can be translated as  &lt;code&gt;to oblige&lt;/code&gt;. But - but! - I'm pretty sure that Harms actually didn't have any intention to play with this meaning. I guess he used it just for fun. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of &lt;code&gt;Rakukin&lt;/code&gt; this is indeed a conundrum. You see, Pakin is relatively rare russian surname, but Rakukin is way rarer. I, once again, can make a bold conjecture - Harms used it as accidentally as he used Pakin ) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-08-09T18:23:43.650" LastActivityDate="2012-08-09T18:23:43.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="822" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="825" CreationDate="2012-08-10T03:52:15.910" Score="6" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is the example where I found this word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Адвокаты назвали стрелка из Колорадо душевнобольным&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shouldn't it say стрелок? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-04-01T22:03:25.743" LastActivityDate="2018-04-01T22:03:25.743" Title="Suffix mutation on стрелок to стрелка" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;беглая-гласная&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="822" CreationDate="2012-08-10T04:56:18.180" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, in this sentence &lt;em&gt;стрелка&lt;/em&gt; is an accusative case of the word &lt;em&gt;стрелок&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="280" LastEditorUserId="280" LastEditDate="2012-08-10T07:05:25.823" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T07:05:25.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="822" CreationDate="2012-08-10T05:20:25.730" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since you've mentions suffix mutation in the title, I guess you question is about&#xA;vowel missing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is in Russian the vowel suffix &lt;code&gt;-ек&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;-ок&lt;/code&gt; is reduced in during declension. In words with &lt;code&gt;-ик&lt;/code&gt; suffix the vowel remains.&#xA;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мячик - мячика&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;кролик - кролика&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;стрелок - стрелка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;замок - замка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But! There are indeed cases when word with &lt;code&gt;-ок&lt;/code&gt; endings is different.&#xA;Words like &lt;code&gt;игрок&lt;/code&gt; do not lose &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; in the suffix, since this will cause a&#xA;quite untypical combination of consonants - &lt;code&gt;игрка&lt;/code&gt; is inappropriate from the point of view of Russian phonology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, one should not confuse &lt;code&gt;ок&lt;/code&gt; as suffix and &lt;code&gt;ок&lt;/code&gt; as part of the root ot the word. Examples: &lt;code&gt;порок&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;пророк&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-08-10T15:23:55.907" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T15:23:55.907" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="822" CreationDate="2012-08-10T07:36:46.033" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Стрелка́&quot; is &quot;стрело́к&quot; (&quot;shooter&quot;) in accusative. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sentence, &quot;стрелка&quot; is correct, because it is the object of &quot;называть&quot;, which should have the accusative case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Адвокаты назвали стрелка из Колорадо душевнобольным.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Attorneys called the shooter from Colorado a madman.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is how word &quot;стрелок&quot; changes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nom&lt;/strong&gt;: стрелок&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Gen&lt;/strong&gt;: стрелка&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Acc&lt;/strong&gt;: стрелка&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Dat&lt;/strong&gt;: стрелку&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Ins&lt;/strong&gt;: стрелком&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Prp&lt;/strong&gt;: стрелке&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The vowel &quot;о&quot; disappears in the suffix for historical reasons. This vowel stems from a reduced vowel &quot;ъ&quot; of the Old-Russian language. There were two reduced vowels in Old-Russian, &quot;ъ&quot; and &quot;ь&quot;, and they disappeared in &quot;weak&quot; positions and changed into &quot;о&quot; and &quot;e&quot; in &quot;strong&quot; positions. One of the weak positions was the position before the stressed syllable, one of the strong positions was the position in the stressed syllable. This is exactly what we see in examples like &quot;сынок&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nom&lt;/strong&gt;: сънъкъ → сыно́к (&quot;ъ&quot; under stress becomes &quot;o&quot;)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Gen&lt;/strong&gt;: сънъкa → сынка́ (&quot;ъ&quot; before the stressed syllable disappears)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, as @Quassnoi says, this suffix appeared in the sense of profession much later, when the reduced vowels has already disappeared. But by that time it already existed in a two forms: &quot;ок&quot; in Nom Sg and &quot;к&quot; in other positions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is why there are disappearing vowels (called &quot;fleeting vowels&quot;, thanks to @Quassnoi for terminology) in Russian words (and not only in suffixes, but also in stems, as &quot;сон&quot;–&quot;сна&quot; (&quot;dream&quot;)).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, there is no way you may know whether some &quot;o&quot; in some word stems from a full Old-Russian vowel &quot;o&quot; of from a reduced Old-Russian vowel &quot;ъ&quot;, that's why you have to learn two word stems for nouns where the stress can be both on the stem and not on the stem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-09-15T18:10:32.943" LastActivityDate="2014-09-15T18:10:32.943" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="826" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="829" CreationDate="2012-08-10T08:51:04.140" Score="5" ViewCount="2013" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian &quot;разбор полётов&quot; means an ex post facto analysis of some event, which most likely had dramatic consequences or lead to failure. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дмитрий Медведев обещал провести разбор полетов в космической отрасли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ironically, in this context, разбор полётов have an additional connotation, due to mentioning aerospace industry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All I know about this idiom, that is has been indeed used by aviators, but can one provide an information on why and when exactly this very phrase become a common and well known idiom?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; Here are some hints that can help you provide a valuable answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When exactly this flight analysis had existed (since I can hardly believe that each flight is analyzed nowadays), in 20-s, in 30-s in 40-s?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When and how it became a well-known idiom. Has it  been used first, say in newspapers or, may be, in some popular TV series?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-10-05T17:50:42.820" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T12:32:59.083" Title="When and how &quot;разбор полётов&quot; became a idiom" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="826" CreationDate="2012-08-10T09:14:52.493" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is came from USSR Air Forces. After each flight there was performed detailed flight analysis. I'm not sure when this phrase became an idiom. This phrase as many others army slangs was migrated to Russian language because USSR had compulsory military service.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В ВВС СССР и теперь России, кроме боевых вылетов проводили учебные полёты. Ошибки и недочеты каждого полёта разбираются детально, чтоб в будущем их не повторять. Особенно тщательно разбираются происшествия: аварии и катастрофы. Любая авария или катастрофа тут же разбирается не только в той части, где это произошло, но и по всем полкам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из переписки с одним знакомым летчиком&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Аварии и катастрофы разбирались тщательно. Не только в классах, но и в&#xA;  курилке. Потому что если причины не выяснены до конца и не усвоена&#xA;  методика, как избежать таких случаев,значит, люди погибли зря. Поэтому&#xA;  разбирались. Честно и дотошно, по гамбургскому счёту.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот, видимо нашел ответ на ваш вопрос&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Разбор полетов начал считаться основой успешного выполнения полетного&#xA;  задания. Для разбора полетов применялись методы и приемы, от тех,&#xA;  которые рекомендует Kamasutra, до тех, которые обязывает НПП и РОПЛОК.&#xA;  На TV, даже журналисты стали выказывать восхищение, как в авиации&#xA;  проводятся разборы полетов, тем самым, рекламируя оные. В обществе, и&#xA;  особенно в Армии, после этого, разборы полетов трансформировались в&#xA;  разборы залетов, где в основном применялась Kamasutra с&#xA;  садомазохистским уклоном, т.к. НПП здесь не действовало. При таких&#xA;  разборах, если не предохраняться, даже мужик мог разродиться. Простой&#xA;  же обыватель или журналист, детально вникший в сущность разбора&#xA;  полетов, приходил к выводу что, мы плохо летаем или не умеем летать,&#xA;  т.к. после каждых полетов есть замечания, или разбираем одно и тоже. И&#xA;  тогда здравомыслящее существо стало задумываться над тем, что такими&#xA;  разборками, просто переливали из пустого в порожнее, начиная с общего&#xA;  разбора, переходя на разборки в АЭ, звене, экипаже, и заканчивая&#xA;  личными, на уровне совести. Но приходилось выполнять требования&#xA;  документов, тем самым толкли воду в ступе и толчем до сих пор.&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.osobgour.narod.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;источник&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="286" LastEditorUserId="286" LastEditDate="2012-08-10T10:58:34.893" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T10:58:34.893" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="828" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="830" CreationDate="2012-08-10T09:15:42.237" Score="2" ViewCount="1163" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;трудный&lt;/code&gt; is translated like difficult.&#xA;The word &lt;code&gt;трудоёмкий&lt;/code&gt; is translated like time-consuming, but actually, speaking of time resources, there is another word in Russian, &lt;code&gt;времяёмкий&lt;/code&gt;. Though this word is relatively rare. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is - are &lt;code&gt;трудоёмкий&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;времяёмкий&lt;/code&gt; are completely synonymous?&#xA;I mean, the kind of activity which implies large consume of work is not exactly the kind of time-consuming activity. Those conceptions looks interrelated but not fully interchangeable to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2012-11-11T01:37:35.877" Title="Трудоёмкий and времяёмкий" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="826" CreationDate="2012-08-10T09:36:40.533" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know this doesn't exactly answer your question, but here are some details:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/ngram.xml?mode=main&amp;amp;t1=%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%C2%A0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&amp;amp;start=1900&amp;amp;end=2010&amp;amp;smoothing=3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ruscorpora.ru&lt;/a&gt;, this expression first occurred in 1947 in its literal meaning in an aviation-related &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%F0%E0%E7%E1%EE%F0%20%EF%EE%EB%B8%F2%EE%E2&amp;amp;p=4&amp;amp;docid=50383&amp;amp;sid=2310&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;context&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Its use peaked &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%F0%E0%E7%E1%EE%F0%20%EF%EE%EB%B8%F2%EE%E2&amp;amp;p=1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;around 2003&lt;/a&gt;, and here it most often occurs as an idiom, sometimes with «quotes». But even the earliest modern &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%F0%E0%E7%E1%EE%F0%20%EF%EE%EB%B8%F2%EE%E2&amp;amp;p=3&amp;amp;docid=42295&amp;amp;sid=11164&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;occurrence&lt;/a&gt; in the ruscorpora uses it «with quotes», so the author assumes that the reader can infer the metaphorical meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, sadly, no clue as to who exactly made it popular in the 90s...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="233" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T09:36:40.533" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="828" CreationDate="2012-08-10T09:53:10.583" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've never seen &quot;времяёмкий&quot; in the wild, so I suspect this could be a recent calque from English &lt;em&gt;time-consuming&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Трудоёмкий&lt;/em&gt; is obviously not an exact counterpart of &lt;em&gt;time-consuming&lt;/em&gt;, because it stresses that something requires &lt;em&gt;effort&lt;/em&gt;, not time (although effort tends to take some time :)).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To capture the connotations of &lt;em&gt;time-consuming&lt;/em&gt; you could use something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;длительный&lt;/em&gt; ‘prolonged’&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;затяжной&lt;/em&gt; ‘protracted’, or the paraphrase &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru/time-consuming/en-ru/#lingvo/&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;отнимающий много времени&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="233" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T09:53:10.583" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="709" CreationDate="2012-08-10T17:44:09.937" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Политота means politicians in negative form, or people who like to discuss politics.&#xA;Note that this word is rarely used, if ever, it is neologism and maybe ruled out as rude by many.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="356" LastActivityDate="2012-08-10T17:44:09.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="828" CreationDate="2012-08-11T17:52:28.150" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Понятия &lt;code&gt;времяемкий&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;трудоемкий&lt;/code&gt; - не синонимы. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, определенные компьютерные операции могут быть времяемкими, но при этом не требовать затрат человеческого труда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://old.russ.ru/krug/20030120_dar.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="358" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-11T19:28:08.037" LastActivityDate="2012-08-11T19:28:08.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="833" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-08-12T12:02:58.320" Score="73" ViewCount="11078" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using the same structure in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://chinese.stackexchange.com/q/1120/43&quot;&gt;Chinese Resources question&lt;/a&gt;, this is a specifically created Community Wiki which gathers resources for learning Russian and &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.meta.stackexchange.com/q/190/71&quot;&gt;it has been approved by the Community itself&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It should be clear that &lt;strong&gt;the resources are not written by one user or only by the mods, but by whoever wants to contribute.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just write in the appropriate answer/section. If you have concerns, questions, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/ask&quot;&gt;ask a question in our Meta&lt;/a&gt;, so we don't clutter the comments, but you can link your meta question from the comments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions regarding such resources &lt;strong&gt;are not allowed anymore&lt;/strong&gt;, and they will closed as a duplicate of this question, except for very specific and on topic requests (ask on Meta if you're unsure about your question). Follow the instructions made in the question about how to post, what can be posted, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Organization &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Answers have a type of resource &lt;strong&gt;each&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If possible, state whether the material is directed towards a &lt;strong&gt;beginner&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;intermediate&lt;/strong&gt; or an &lt;strong&gt;advanced&lt;/strong&gt; audience.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do not&lt;/strong&gt; include links that lead to illegal content or sites that host such content. If you see any, please &lt;strong&gt;flag for moderator attention&lt;/strong&gt; and choose &quot;other&quot; so you can point us to the content. We'll delete it as soon as we see the flag.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.meta.stackexchange.com/q/203/71&quot;&gt;Both free and commercial resources are allowed&lt;/a&gt;, but make sure to include a note if they are. Remember the &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/faq#promotion&quot;&gt;rules about self-promotion&lt;/a&gt;. Include also if registration is required.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Include links to the sites only, &lt;em&gt;don't post images&lt;/em&gt;, they would take too much space.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Add the resources in alphabetical order so they're easier to find. :)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note: new rules could be added in the future.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Alphabetical Index &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/834/71&quot;&gt;Add-ons (browser)&lt;/a&gt;: These are plugins that you install on your browser and that help you in different ways, such as providing word meanings, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/835/71&quot;&gt;Audiobooks&lt;/a&gt;: Audio files where you hear a voice reading the book you've chosen.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/836/71&quot;&gt;Books&lt;/a&gt;: Books from Russian authors or translations.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/837/71&quot;&gt;Dictionaries&lt;/a&gt;: Stand-alone or dictionary files for you to use on your computer.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/838/71&quot;&gt;Newspapers&lt;/a&gt;: Famous or not services that provide news for Russia and the rest of the world... in Russian.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/839/71&quot;&gt;Online courses&lt;/a&gt;: Free or paid services online that teach you the language through lessons.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/840/71&quot;&gt;Podcasts&lt;/a&gt;: Audio files that feature people speaking about the language or giving tips/lessons to learners.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/841/71&quot;&gt;Television&lt;/a&gt;: TV channels, shows in Russian.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/842/71&quot;&gt;Textbooks&lt;/a&gt;: Grammar books that teach you the grammar of the language with theory and exercises.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/843/71&quot;&gt;Websites&lt;/a&gt;: Sites that give help for learning Russian. They give material, tips, hints, and various help for self-learners or regular students.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2021-05-19T11:54:23.313" Title="Resources for learning Russian" Tags="&lt;resources&gt;" AnswerCount="13" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="75" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-08-12T12:03:11.270" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="833" CreationDate="2012-08-12T12:04:11.657" Score="3" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Add-ons &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/language-immersion-for-ch/bedbecnakfcpmkpddjfnfihogkaggkhl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Language Immersion for Chrome&lt;/a&gt;: Switches certain words and phrases on the web pages from English into Russian (or another selected language)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/russiangram/bidcnmfhffpamjhgkemdmjdmnchjnmdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RussianGram&lt;/a&gt; (for Chrome): Adds stress marks to Russian websites.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2021-03-15T19:09:01.097" LastActivityDate="2021-03-15T19:09:01.097" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-08-12T12:04:11.657" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="833" CreationDate="2012-08-12T12:05:09.100" Score="2" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Audiobooks &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruspeach.com/handbook/podcasts/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ruspeach.com&lt;/a&gt; - vocalized works of great Russian classics and modern authors. Ruspeach website is translated in 9 languages and it is developing and improving everyday.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-07-07T20:13:19.967" LastActivityDate="2014-07-07T20:13:19.967" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-08-12T12:05:09.100" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="836" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="833" CreationDate="2012-08-12T12:06:15.900" Score="5" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Books &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Russian for Mathematicians, Edited by Doctor of Sciences A. Petukhov, Publishing House of Moscow Center, for Continous Mathematical Education, MOSCOW, 2004 &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-01-17T16:52:35.467" LastActivityDate="2013-01-17T16:52:35.467" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-08-12T12:06:15.900" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="833" CreationDate="2012-08-12T12:07:14.433" Score="12" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Dictionaries &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lingvopro.abbyyonline.com/ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ABBYY Lingvo.ru&lt;/a&gt;, multilingual dictionary.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Academic&lt;/a&gt;, an extensive collection of Russian dictionaries&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gramota&lt;/a&gt;, grammar reference and more&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.to&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;lurkmore.to&lt;/a&gt;, russian lurkmore: an on-line encyclopedia of interesting facts, focused on memes (stable ideas and expressions) of runet.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Multitran&lt;/a&gt;, great translations for English-Russian, German-Russian, and includes grammatical tables, but doesn't mark stress&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ru.wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;, online dictionary and grammatical tables&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russki-mat.net/e/Russian.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Пиздец!&lt;/a&gt; - Russian-English slang dictionary | Словарь русского мата и неформального языка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.openrussian.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Open Russian&lt;/a&gt; - English-Russian and German-Russian dictionary with examples, declension and stressmarks.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="190" LastEditDate="2017-07-25T18:07:12.693" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T18:07:12.693" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-08-12T12:07:14.433" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="833" CreationDate="2012-08-12T12:08:26.617" Score="4" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Newspapers &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikinews.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Викиновости&lt;/a&gt;, online free news anyone can edit - Russian section of the site&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gazeta.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Газета.ру&lt;/a&gt;, online Russian newspaper&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://izvestia.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Известия.ру&lt;/a&gt;, Russian newspaper&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lenta.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Лента.ру&lt;/a&gt;, online Russian newspaper&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pravda.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Правда.ру&lt;/a&gt;, Russian newspaper.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2015-09-21T12:19:38.697" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T12:19:38.697" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-08-12T12:08:26.617" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="833" CreationDate="2012-08-12T12:08:58.097" Score="13" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Online courses &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.babbel.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Babbel&lt;/a&gt; - beautiful resource for language learning. They've just added new Russian courses.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://busuu.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Busuu&lt;/a&gt; — online language learning site. Basic profile is free.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.duolingo.com/course/ru/en/Learn-Russian-Online&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Duolingo&lt;/a&gt; - free language courses delivered via web-based and mobile applications. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://edufire.com/subjects/russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Edufire/languages/Russian&lt;/a&gt; — a site where you can try and find a teacher of Russian with whom you later connect via edufire web-site or Skype. (For-pay.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.memrise.com/courses/english/russian/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Memrise&lt;/a&gt; — a spaced repetition learning website. It has several Russian courses. It is mainly just memorizing vocabulary.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianforfree.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RussianForFree.com&lt;/a&gt; — free lessons from basic level to advanced, texts with audio, grammar, activities, and much more. No Sign-up required either.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russian.lingualift.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian LinguaLift&lt;/a&gt; — online Russian textbook, spaced repetition tools and educational games. (For-pay.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF2F566484C119BF4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian World&lt;/a&gt; — video lectures of 2 years of Russian language courses from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dallasisd.org/Page/2144&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dallas ISD&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/user/vanilla167333&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Easy Russian&lt;/a&gt; - regularly updated YouTube channel. Conversational Russian with Russian and English subtitles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://speakfluentrussian.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fluent in Russian&lt;/a&gt; - free audio lessons in the form of questions and answers for developing speaking and listening skills, as well as grammar and vocabulary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russianforeveryone.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian For Everyone&lt;/a&gt; - Russian language self study guide for beginners.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.readyrussian.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ReadyRussian.org&lt;/a&gt; - 16-week course for classroom use, includes exercises, quizzes &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="10828" LastEditDate="2018-08-01T11:23:39.083" LastActivityDate="2018-08-01T11:23:39.083" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-08-12T12:08:58.097" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="833" CreationDate="2012-08-12T12:09:20.607" Score="3" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Podcasts &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://kg-portal.ru/transcripts/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;KG-Portal&lt;/a&gt;, 196 episodes of two podcasts notable for having transcripts.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://podfm.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;PodFM&lt;/a&gt;, Podcast directory for Russian language podcasts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russianpodcast.eu/podcasts.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;Russian Podast&quot;&gt;Russian Podcast&lt;/a&gt;, Simple audio for those who know basic grammar and want to improve their Russian&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tasteofrussian.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Taste of Russian&lt;/a&gt; Resource for upper-intermediate or advanced learners of Russian. Downloadable Russian mp3 podcast feed with scripts submitted. As far as basic practical use is concerned, registration is not required.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="13257" LastEditDate="2021-05-19T11:54:23.313" LastActivityDate="2021-05-19T11:54:23.313" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-08-12T12:09:20.607" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="833" CreationDate="2012-08-12T12:10:08.190" Score="7" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Television &lt;br&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://livetv.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LiveTV&lt;/a&gt;, online streaming of sporting events&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://1tv.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1tv.ru&lt;/a&gt; News in Russian, the newsreaders speak very good Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="4753" LastEditDate="2018-01-26T14:23:51.807" LastActivityDate="2018-01-26T14:23:51.807" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-08-12T12:10:08.190" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="833" CreationDate="2012-08-12T12:11:13.213" Score="2" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Textbooks &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;German: MOCT - Modernes Russisch - Aktualisierte Ausgabe: Modernes Russisch. Moct 1. Arbeitsbuch mit 2 Audio-CDs: Niveau A1-A2. ISBN: 978-3125275669&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dutch: J.L.I. Fennell, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.prisma.nl/producten/russisch-voor-zelfstudie-9789000353286&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russisch voor Zelfstudie&lt;/a&gt;, ISBN: 9789000353286&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mgu-russian.com/elibrary/ru/online:4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The online library of the Russian as Foreign Language Faculty site of the Lomonosov Moscow State University&lt;/a&gt;. You can find references to many good textbooks there. However, the access is only open to those who visit their courses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sputniktextbook.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sputnik: An Introductory Russian Language Course&lt;/a&gt;.  Designed to develop basic reading, writing, listening and communication skills. A free complementary website comes with a lot of sounds and quizzes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/books/edition/Troika/AAJZPRNYU_MC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Troika: A Communicative Approach to Russian Language, Life, and Culture&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Textbook assigned to first year students of Russian at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Washington&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;University of Washington&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (in 2014, anyway).  Purchase of the book also includes access to a companion website which has textbook audio, interactive grammar exercises, self-tests, typing tutor exercises, and vocabulary flashcards.  An &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/books/edition/Troika_Activities_Manual/bMnj8iRN9IEC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Activities Manual&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; may be purchased separately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2020-11-17T06:08:03.733" LastActivityDate="2020-11-17T06:08:03.733" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-08-12T12:11:13.213" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="843" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="833" CreationDate="2012-08-12T12:12:06.503" Score="24" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Websites &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/russian/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BBC Russian Language Service&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.convertcyrillic.com/linkerizer.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Convertcyrillic.com&lt;/a&gt;, a tool for students to easily look up multiple Russian words.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.langust.ru/rus_gram/rus_gram.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Langust&lt;/a&gt; - short Russian grammar&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lib.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;lib.ru&lt;/a&gt;, Библиотека Максима Мошкова, the largest Russian library in the Internet history.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russian-1000words.pw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Learn to speak Russian&lt;/a&gt; - Russian learning site that provides a lot of helpful lessons and other information, including original course from beginning to confident level, and original books. The blog of Russian-1000words.pw contains a lot of different information on Russian language.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.learnrussianweb.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;learnrussianweb.com&lt;/a&gt;, a site for learning Russian&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://learnrussian.rt.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;learnrussian.rt.com&lt;/a&gt;, Russian lessons. Online and free.  See also  - &lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;masterrussian.com&lt;/a&gt;, Russian lessons, vocabulary, test, forum&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.explaura.net/learnrussian-rt-com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;community provided answer keys&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russian.lingualift.com/blog/best-russian-learning-resources/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;100 top resources to learn Russian&lt;/a&gt; - a list of online and print resources, categorized by type and level&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://u3poccuu.livejournal.com/7681.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Памятка корректору&lt;/a&gt; - quick reference on most common Russian grammatical, syntax and spelling mistakes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;[Ruskie.info] &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruskie.info&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt; - Russian lessons built around Russian news and realities.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruslang.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ruslang.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;[ruspeach.com] &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruspeach.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; - Ruspeach is an online Russian Language learning resource.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianforeveryone.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian For Everyone&lt;/a&gt; - Russian language self study guide for beginners&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kvatross.ru/index.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Language History&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian-langauge-list.nuhub.net&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Language List&lt;/a&gt; - Directory of free resources including lessons, dictionaries, and films&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianlessons.net&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Lessons&lt;/a&gt; - Grammar, vocabulary lists and texts (in Russian and English side-by-side). Tests are read out loud by native speakers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russian.morpheem.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Morpheem&lt;/a&gt; – a searchable, hypertext-style index of all grammar and vocabulary up to intermediate level. Free.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruscorpora.ru/en/search-main.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian National Corpus search&lt;/a&gt; - allows to search for examples of a word usage and the word collocations.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tsya.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tsya.ru&lt;/a&gt; - website dedicated to the most problematic rule.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.udarenie.info&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;udarenie.info&lt;/a&gt; - database of words with stresses marked + linguistic game to remember correct stresses; search function is based on gramota.ru.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lingvanotes.blogspot.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Записки отважного бойца языкового фронта&lt;/a&gt; - quick reference on Russian grammar, lexis, spelling&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ruscorpora.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Национальный корпус русского языка&lt;/a&gt; - A curated and searchable body of texts in Russian. Useful for checking context, usus and connotation of a given word or phrase. For advanced level learners.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="310" LastEditDate="2021-05-18T21:19:34.227" LastActivityDate="2021-05-18T21:19:34.227" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-08-12T12:12:06.503" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="844" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="856" CreationDate="2012-08-12T12:21:53.577" Score="7" ViewCount="574" Body="&lt;p&gt;В чем разница между словами &lt;em&gt;высокомерный&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;надменный&lt;/em&gt;? В каких случаях каждое из них нужно использовать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastActivityDate="2012-08-13T20:30:25.320" Title="Надменный и высокомерный" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="844" CreationDate="2012-08-12T14:46:41.067" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that &lt;em&gt;высокомерный&lt;/em&gt; is slightly stronger. Also &lt;em&gt;надменный&lt;/em&gt; is more suitable when referring to manners and style of speach such as &quot;надменное поведение&quot; while &lt;em&gt;высокомерный&lt;/em&gt; is more suitable for more formal and serious cases such as &quot;высокомерный ответ&quot; which can refer to a written answer to a petition or something where &lt;em&gt;высокомерный&lt;/em&gt; refers to the essence of the answer (i.e. treating the petitioner as inferior or the petition subject not important enough for the person to whom the petition is addressed) even if its style is not that special.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-08-12T14:46:41.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="582" CreationDate="2012-08-12T16:24:41.507" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As noted above, there is no direct translation in general. In most cases, however, some common expressions do exists. Here are some&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When someone makes bold statement without actual meaning behind it, one can say &lt;code&gt;Это абракадабра&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;when someone imitates work without doing it, one can say &lt;code&gt;Это&#xA;имитация бурной деятельности&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;when someone needs his in-game/literature character to stat something, looking like scientific explanation of in-game fact, he tries to make &lt;code&gt;наукообразное объяснение&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When some steps are omitted, they say &lt;code&gt;Опустим для ясности&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When some steps are described without formal definition, they say &lt;code&gt;Опишем необходимые для доказательства шаги&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;As said earlier, &lt;code&gt;этот шаг мутный (необоснованный)&lt;/code&gt; in case if step is not fully formalized is also valid expression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;note: &lt;code&gt;рукомашество&lt;/code&gt; does not have idiomatic meaning in general (may be locally it does have this meaning), it is simply &lt;code&gt;размахивание руками&lt;/code&gt;. Sometimes idiom &lt;code&gt;рукомашество и дрыгоножество&lt;/code&gt; may mark martial art or dances in dismissive context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="334" LastEditDate="2012-08-12T18:59:20.003" LastActivityDate="2012-08-12T18:59:20.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="847" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-08-12T17:15:41.167" Score="3" ViewCount="369" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found a Russian pangram:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В чащах юга жил-был цитрус...—да, но фальшивый экземпляръ!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have two transliterations of it, but I don't know which one is correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- V chashchakh yuga zhil-byl tsitrus...--da, no falshiviy ekzemplyar!&#xA;- V chashchakh iugha zhil-byl tsitrus...--da, no fal'shivyi ekziempliar!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="361" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-08-12T17:33:15.727" LastActivityDate="2012-08-19T11:13:03.047" Title="Which one of these two pangram transliterations is correct?" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="665" CreationDate="2012-08-13T01:32:19.377" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the sentence ‘Он явил, т.е. доказал, тот факт, что Земля вращается вокруг Солнца’ you don’t need second comma, because &lt;em&gt;тот факт&lt;/em&gt; is a complement to &lt;em&gt;доказал&lt;/em&gt;, i.e. &lt;em&gt;доказал (что именно?) тот факт, что…&lt;/em&gt;. The phrase ‘&lt;em&gt;т. е. доказал тот факт&lt;/em&gt;’ is a clarification to first verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW the sentence is semantically poor. Here you use verb ‘являть’, but the construction is too complicated to use it, compare to &lt;em&gt;явить миру чудо&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;явление Христа народу&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Наконец появился свежий номер [журнала]&lt;/em&gt; — the thing you &lt;em&gt;являешь&lt;/em&gt; is always closely bound to verb. Moreover, ‘&lt;em&gt;являть&lt;/em&gt;’ should be used when they talk about some fairy tales or developments hardly appearing in real life. But your sentence is related to science, and has narrative tone, so there is more applicable another verb — just &lt;em&gt;открывать&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Он открыл миру, что…&lt;/em&gt; will make an impression you want. In that case &lt;em&gt;открывать&lt;/em&gt; will mean ‘invent something’, ‘giving the people a knowledge of something they did not knew’. However, if you want to increase the impression, you would use something like ‘Он первым доказал, и тем самым открыл миру, что Земля вращается вокруг Солнца.’&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="362" LastActivityDate="2012-08-13T01:32:19.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="847" CreationDate="2012-08-13T06:15:21.163" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You cannot exactly transliterate Russian with pure Latin alphabet. For example, you cannot convey whether a consonant is soft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, the both transliterations even not consistent with themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in both words &quot;&lt;em&gt;falshiviy&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;ekzemplyar&lt;/em&gt;&quot; the &quot;l&quot; sound is soft, and in the second word there is no &quot;&lt;em&gt;y&lt;/em&gt;&quot; sound after &quot;&lt;em&gt;l&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. To indicate softness sometimes used apostrophe, so to be consistent the transliteration should be &quot;&lt;em&gt;fal'shiviy ekzempl'ar&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another difficulty is that you cannot in English indicate that &quot;&lt;em&gt;g&lt;/em&gt;&quot; to be pronounced as in &quot;&lt;em&gt;give&lt;/em&gt;&quot; rather than as &quot;&lt;em&gt;zh&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Third difficulty is that in your transliterations &quot;y&quot; is used to transliterate &quot;&lt;em&gt;й&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (a consonant as in yes), &quot;&lt;em&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (a vovel that makes the preceding consonant hard) and to indicate softness of a consonant (in the case of &quot;&lt;em&gt;ly&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in the last word).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is in &quot;&lt;em&gt;byl&lt;/em&gt;&quot; the &lt;em&gt;b&lt;/em&gt; should be hard (in &quot;&lt;em&gt;zhil&lt;/em&gt;&quot; &lt;em&gt;zh&lt;/em&gt; is also hard so to be consistent it should be either both &lt;em&gt;byl&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;zhyl&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;bil&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;zhil&lt;/em&gt;, but &quot;&lt;em&gt;bil&lt;/em&gt;&quot; can be confuzed with word &quot;&lt;em&gt;бил&lt;/em&gt;&quot; with soft &quot;&lt;em&gt;b&lt;/em&gt;&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in &quot;&lt;em&gt;ekzemplyar&lt;/em&gt;&quot; &quot;&lt;em&gt;l&lt;/em&gt;&quot; should be soft and there is no &quot;&lt;em&gt;y&lt;/em&gt;&quot; sound&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in &quot;&lt;em&gt;fal'shivyi&lt;/em&gt;&quot; the v is hard, the &quot;&lt;em&gt;y&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is a vowel (not consonant as in &quot;&lt;em&gt;yes&lt;/em&gt;&quot;) and the final &quot;&lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is a consonant as in &quot;&lt;em&gt;yes&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. With only two letters &quot;&lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;y&lt;/em&gt;&quot; you cannot distinguish three letters &quot;&lt;em&gt;й&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if to consider &quot;y&quot; to be always consonant as in &quot;yes&quot;, g as in &quot;give&quot; and all consonants hard by default unless apostrophed, two character representing one phoneme grouped with brackets, the transliteration should be&#xA;as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;V (ch)'a(sh)'a(kh) y'uga (zh)il-bil (ts)itrus...--da, no fal'(sh)iviy' ekzempl'ar!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this is far from usual transliteration because English speakers would tend to pronounce consonants before &quot;&lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;&quot; softly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2012-08-13T06:29:21.543" LastActivityDate="2012-08-13T06:29:21.543" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="847" CreationDate="2012-08-13T13:50:56.560" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Annie, actually what you are asking about is a specific subissue or romanization of Russian, for by transliteration it is usually understood a romanization with a narrower set of accepted latin symbols (most often, this subset consists of 26 digits for English alphabet).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As it said in the relevant Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; there exists&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;GOST 7.79-2000 System of Standards on Information, Librarianship, and&#xA;  Publishing-–Rules for Transliteration of the Cyrillic Characters Using&#xA;  the Latin Alphabet is the newest document on transliteration in the&#xA;  series of GOST standards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;GOST is sort of russian analogue of government-ruled RFC or EMCA docs. &#xA;This very GOST, 7.79 actually is a romanization, it, for example suggests the use of &lt;code&gt;š&lt;/code&gt; for &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;č&lt;/code&gt; for ч and even far more exotic &lt;code&gt;ŝ&lt;/code&gt; for &lt;code&gt;щ&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a bunch of different standards for romanization, used in different times and in different contexts. It is important to understand that de-facto none of this standards is universally recognized or used. For example, above-mentioned GOST is not used for transliterations in passports. But nevertheless we can do some analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;talking of differences between two string provided in the question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;yu&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;iu&lt;/code&gt; for &lt;code&gt;ю&lt;/code&gt;. From 10 variants provided in Wikipedia: ju, ju,    yu, ju, û, i͡u, yu, yu, yu, iu - &lt;code&gt;yu&lt;/code&gt; looks like a clear winner, &lt;code&gt;ju&lt;/code&gt; goes with a silver medal and &lt;code&gt;iu&lt;/code&gt; is also quite acceptable. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;ya&lt;/code&gt; or 'ia' for &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt;. Once again, let's refer to the list: ja, ja, ya   ja, â, i͡a, ya, ya, ya, ia. As we can see, &lt;code&gt;ja&lt;/code&gt; is the leader.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;soft sign transliteration (&lt;code&gt;-&lt;/code&gt; here stands for not indicating it at all) - &#xA;ʹ, ʹ, ʹ, ʹ, ʹ, ʹ, ʹ, ʼ, –, –.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2012-08-13T13:50:56.560" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="844" CreationDate="2012-08-13T20:22:55.423" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Historically, &lt;code&gt;надменный&lt;/code&gt; came from &quot;надъмєнъ&quot;, which actually means &quot;надутый&quot; (both in literal and figurative senses) - compare to &lt;code&gt;[bloated aristocrat][1]&lt;/code&gt; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays &lt;code&gt;высокомерный&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;надменный&lt;/code&gt; are so stylistically close each to each other, are interchangeable at such degree that I believe any kind of attempt to say what is the actual difference will be, to some extent, quite speculative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-08-13T20:30:25.320" LastActivityDate="2012-08-13T20:30:25.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="858" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-08-14T06:29:16.477" Score="5" ViewCount="1118" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have several rare medical terms I need to translate from English into Russian: Prolotherapy, Active Release Technique, Iontophoresis. Google translate doesn't help. Any good contemporary medical translator online?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="51" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-08-14T07:50:04.990" LastActivityDate="2012-08-14T12:01:56.547" Title="Is there a specialized online medical dictionary for rare medical terms?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;resources&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="858" CreationDate="2012-08-14T09:03:20.867" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Helas, there is a lack of such dictionaries covering all modern medical terms.&#xA;Sometimes following approach is helpful:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Searching for specific term in English Wikipedia (or any other wikipedia where the term can be find).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Clicking Russian in &quot;Languages&quot; section.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iontophoresis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Iontophoresis&lt;/a&gt; is &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ионоферез&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word translation can be found here - &lt;a href=&quot;http://lingvo.yandex.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;lingvo.yandex.ru&lt;/a&gt;, but in you specific case this won't help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2012-08-14T09:03:20.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="858" CreationDate="2012-08-14T12:01:56.547" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Proloterapy seems to be translated as &lt;code&gt;Пролотерапия&lt;/code&gt;. You can try to ask in active medical commuties, like &lt;a href=&quot;http://doktor-killer.livejournal.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://doktor-killer.livejournal.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastActivityDate="2012-08-14T12:01:56.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="862" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="868" CreationDate="2012-08-14T12:25:15.473" Score="11" ViewCount="319" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;об&lt;b&gt;о&lt;/b&gt; мне&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;об&lt;b&gt;о&lt;/b&gt; всём&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;перед&lt;b&gt;о&lt;/b&gt; мной&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;перед всем&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-08-17T10:22:32.227" Title="Why &quot;обо всём&quot; but &quot;перед всем&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="865" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="866" CreationDate="2012-08-15T20:10:39.627" Score="3" ViewCount="256" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are these used interchangeably?&#xA;Both are given as two hundred by translators, so which one is used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastActivityDate="2012-08-19T17:22:09.853" Title="Numerals: двух сто or двести" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="865" CreationDate="2012-08-15T20:25:32.267" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first one is simply incorrect, whatever you want to say. However, &lt;em&gt;двухсот&lt;/em&gt; would be a genitive of &lt;em&gt;двести&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мне не хватает двухсот рублей.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-08-17T15:39:44.997" LastActivityDate="2012-08-17T15:39:44.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="867" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="862" CreationDate="2012-08-17T04:35:52.167" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if some particular rule applies here, but I think that vowel &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; is inserted before two consecutive sonorants (&lt;code&gt;лнмр&lt;/code&gt;) in next word so it's easier to pronounce, &lt;code&gt;мн&lt;/code&gt; is the most frequent one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That I'm talking about is that &lt;code&gt;перед мной&lt;/code&gt; is pretty legitimate form (esp. in form &lt;code&gt;пред мной&lt;/code&gt; for example), however &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; is usually added for ease of prononciation. While there is no need to insert &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;code&gt;обо&lt;/code&gt; since it's already there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="374" LastEditorUserId="374" LastEditDate="2012-08-17T08:38:52.780" LastActivityDate="2012-08-17T08:38:52.780" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="862" CreationDate="2012-08-17T10:22:32.227" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/spravka/buro/29_316395&quot;&gt;the answer on Грамота.ру&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Передо&lt;/em&gt; — предлог, употребляется перед формами &lt;em&gt;мной&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;мною&lt;/em&gt;, а также перед формами творительного падежа существительных, в которых представлены начальные сочетания «ль, л, м, р + согласная».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;strong&gt;передо&lt;/strong&gt; is used instead of &lt;em&gt;перед&lt;/em&gt; before nouns in instrumental case which start with “&lt;strong&gt;ль, л, м, р + consonant&lt;/strong&gt;”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules for &lt;em&gt;о/об/обо&lt;/em&gt; are different.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I think it is incorrect to compare two different prepositions which require different cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, &lt;em&gt;-о&lt;/em&gt; is added when it's hard to pronounce the consonant cluster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="33" LastActivityDate="2012-08-17T10:22:32.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="847" CreationDate="2012-08-19T05:19:22.060" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;With correction of some mistake it would be like &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В чащах юга жил-был цитрус...—да, но фальшивый экземпляр!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And i would transliterate this frase like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- V chaschakh yuga zhil-byl tsitrus...--da, no falshiviy ekzemplyar!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway i think &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/850/349&quot;&gt;Anixx&lt;/a&gt; give very good answer for this question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="349" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-08-19T05:19:22.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="847" CreationDate="2012-08-19T11:13:03.047" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Second one is more like what they use now to transliterate names in modern Russian passport for international usage. The first one is more like what Russian people used when there was no proper way to send cyrillic e-mails and short messages since it is more English-pronounced like, i.e. English people would read more like Russian, while the second one is quite synthetic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can't say what transliteration is correct. There are a lot of ways to transliterate created by scientists, lawyers and ordinary people. No transliteration is adopted as &quot;official&quot; one. Some years ago French-pronounced transliteration was used in passports. I think you may choice more suitable depending on situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW, why &quot;экземпляръ&quot;? In modern Russian language (since 1917) it is written as &quot;экземпляр&quot;. Seems to me, if it is prerevolutionary pangram it should contain the letter &quot;Ѣ&quot; also.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="338" LastActivityDate="2012-08-19T11:13:03.047" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="865" CreationDate="2012-08-19T17:11:51.367" Score="5" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Именительный падеж &amp;mdash; Двести&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Родительный падеж &amp;mdash; Двухсот&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дательный падеж &amp;mdash; Двумстам&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Винительный падеж &amp;mdash; Двести&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Творительный падеж &amp;mdash; Двумястами&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Предложный падеж &amp;mdash; О двухстах&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Примеры&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не имей &lt;code&gt;двести&lt;/code&gt; рублей, а имей &lt;code&gt;двести&lt;/code&gt; друзей.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Автомобиль развивает скорость до &lt;code&gt;двухсот&lt;/code&gt; километров в час.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Двумстам&lt;/code&gt; работникам цеха вручили премию.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Проект был выполнен &lt;code&gt;двумястами&lt;/code&gt; студентами МГУ.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В &lt;code&gt;двухстах&lt;/code&gt; метрах от дома лежал изуродованный труп.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="358" LastEditorUserId="358" LastEditDate="2012-08-19T17:22:09.853" LastActivityDate="2012-08-19T17:22:09.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="872" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-08-20T07:35:55.713" Score="10" ViewCount="1525" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to use &quot;влекомый&quot; as a passive participle of the verb &quot;влечь&quot; in meaning &quot;to cause&quot;? I can only think of examples where it is used in meaning &quot;to carry&quot; or &quot;to attract&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;карета, влекомая лошадьми - a coach carried by horses&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  человек, влекомый интересом к искусству ~ a man attracted to art&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, phrases like &quot;наказание, влекомое преступлением&quot; sound wrong to me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: do such phrases seem incorrect to other native speakers? If yes, is there a reason or a rule why the verb &quot;влечь&quot;-&quot;to cause&quot; cannot be used in the form of a passive participle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2012-11-10T22:11:26.450" Title="The meaning of &quot;влекомый&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="873" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="880" CreationDate="2012-08-20T09:36:00.207" Score="19" ViewCount="2523" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between the following sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мой папа в командировке.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  У меня папа в командировке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can I explain to foreign students when to use &quot;мой&quot; or &quot;у меня&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-10-09T10:13:16.047" LastActivityDate="2013-08-26T19:44:21.980" Title="Possessive constructions: &quot;мой&quot; vs. &quot;у меня&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="872" CreationDate="2012-08-20T13:56:19.390" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your examples are correct, but it would be better to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;человек, увлечённый искусством&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;наказание, влекомое преступлением&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to me, this phrase sounds correct, but unnatural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd rather use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;преступление, &lt;code&gt;влекущее&lt;/code&gt; наказание&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;преступление, &lt;code&gt;повлекшее&lt;/code&gt; наказание&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;наказание, &lt;code&gt;явившееся следствием&lt;/code&gt; преступления&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;наказание, &lt;code&gt;обусловленное&lt;/code&gt; преступлением&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="358" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-08-20T13:56:19.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="873" CreationDate="2012-08-20T14:21:28.897" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this particular case, there is actually no difference how to say it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Example:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его мама на работе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У неё мама на работе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В данном случае речь идёт о &lt;strong&gt;конкретной&lt;/strong&gt; (единственной) маме.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мама чья? Его (и только его).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У кого есть мама? У неё (и только у неё).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;One more example:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Их собака сдохла&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У них собаха сдохла&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Опять же, речь о &lt;strong&gt;конкретной&lt;/strong&gt; собаке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Собака чья? Их (и только их).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У кого есть собака? У них (и только у них).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;And more:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Брат Ильи - сантехник&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У Ильи брат - сантехник&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И снова - &lt;strong&gt;конкретный&lt;/strong&gt; брат.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Брат чей? Ильи (и только Ильи).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У кого есть брат? У Ильи (и только у Ильи).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, where you can use &amp;quot;мой&amp;quot;, you can use &amp;quot;у меня&amp;quot; as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Other example:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня &lt;code&gt;нет&lt;/code&gt; денег - I don't have any money&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У кого нет денег? У меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of negation, sometimes you can't change phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="358" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-08-20T14:21:28.897" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="873" CreationDate="2012-08-20T14:33:20.977" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no difference in the meaning of the two sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мой папа в командировке.&lt;br/&gt; У меня папа в командировке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both cases, the meaning is that my dad is away on business.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is, however, a slight difference in focus between the two. In the first case, the main focus of the sentence is &lt;em&gt;папа&lt;/em&gt; - he is away on business; oh, and he happened to be my dad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мой папа - в коммандировке[, &lt;em&gt;а моя мама - дома&lt;/em&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second sentence, words &lt;em&gt;у меня&lt;/em&gt; shift the focus onto myself: I have this dad, who happened to be away on business:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня папа в коммандировке[, &lt;em&gt;а у него - вообще безработный&lt;/em&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best English analogues of the two sentences I can think of are (respectively):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;My dad is away on business&lt;br/&gt; As for me, my dad is away on business&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-08-20T14:33:20.977" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="872" CreationDate="2012-08-20T14:50:01.230" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Word &lt;em&gt;влекомый&lt;/em&gt;, while produced from &lt;em&gt;влечь&lt;/em&gt;, is normally used to describe a (usually) slow pulling of something or someone by something or someone else, usually with the will or agreement of the person or object being pulled, and often in a poetic speech, with some element of mystery in it, for example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;он шел по тропинке, влекомый памятью о прошлом&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  кибитка катилась вперед, влекомая тихим шагом лошади&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using word &lt;em&gt;влекомый&lt;/em&gt; as a derivative of &lt;em&gt;влечь&lt;/em&gt; in meaning &lt;em&gt;to carry&lt;/em&gt; is grammatically and technically correct; however it is not used often.  It is interesting to note that using its active counterparts &lt;em&gt;влекущий&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;повлекший&lt;/em&gt; is perfectly fine in such cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;преступление, влекущее наказание&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  халатность, повлекшая крупный ущерб&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-08-20T14:50:01.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="872" CreationDate="2012-08-20T18:48:44.150" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;phrases like &quot;наказание, влекомое преступлением&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;this is indeed a construction which, though most probably will be understandable by any native speaker, is not used in Russian, whether colloquial or bookish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Влекомый&quot; has a slightest hint on causation in sentences like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Скрудж подошел к окну и, влекомый любопытством, выглянул наружу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can rephrase: &quot;Скрудж выглянул наружу, потому что ему было любопытно&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И вот наш принц, пройдя огонь и воду, Находит апельсины через годы, Влекомый жаждой разрезает плод.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can claim that prince cuts the oranges, because he is thirsty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, rule of thumb is following here: when you can answer on &quot;why&quot; question, you can use &quot;влекомый&quot;, any other use for causation in this very form (as for related forms, see @Aleks G's answer) is highly disputable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2012-08-20T18:48:44.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="873" CreationDate="2012-08-20T21:37:51.517" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, the first thing that kind of stands out to me is that '&lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt;' can mean 'I have', while '&lt;strong&gt;мой&lt;/strong&gt;' would not convey that meaning on its own. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;У меня&lt;/strong&gt; конфликт с моим начальником.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This statement sounds complete. It reports the fact of the existence of some conflict between the speaker and his boss in the present time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мой&lt;/strong&gt; конфликт с моим начальником&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This statement is incomplete. It doesn't report any message. In fact, it doesn't report anything. It only names a certain phenomenon - a conflict of a speaker with his boss - however, we know nothing about it. We don't know whether this conflict has started, is still going on or is already over. We know nothing about how big this conflict was (is, has been, or will be). We don't even know whether it is really a phenomenon (something having its place in the objective reality) or simply a concept in the speaker's mind (like in &quot;&lt;em&gt;Иногда пытаюсь представить себе, каким бы мог быть &lt;strong&gt;мой&lt;/strong&gt; конфликт с моим начальником, если бы он мог произойти&lt;/em&gt;&quot;).   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another difference that comes to my mind is that '&lt;strong&gt;мой&lt;/strong&gt;' cannot modify a personal pronoun, while '&lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt;' can. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– Да пудов этак пять&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Или шесть:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Больше ему не съесть,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt; ещё маленький!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Not 'Он &lt;strong&gt;мой&lt;/strong&gt; ещё маленький'!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same is true about possessive adjectives ('мамин', 'папин', 'сестрин', 'дедушкин', etc.). For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;у мамы&lt;/strong&gt; – вместо швабры.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Not 'Я &lt;strong&gt;мамин&lt;/strong&gt; – вместо швабры')&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, '&lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt;' can simply mean 'at my house', in which case it may not at all mean '&lt;strong&gt;мой&lt;/strong&gt;'. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты сейчас где? Всё ещё универмаге! Давай скорее! Твой друг уже &lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Not 'Твой друг уже &lt;strong&gt;мой&lt;/strong&gt;', which could meаn a totally different thing :) )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more thing, '&lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt;', '&lt;strong&gt;у тебя&lt;/strong&gt;', '&lt;strong&gt;у ниx&lt;/strong&gt;' and so on, can mean 'in my/your/their thinking' or 'in my/your/their understanding' or 'in my/your/their own little world', in other words, can describe how someone treats something else or somebody else. In this case it does not describe possession at all. For example, compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не присылай мне больше своиx консультантов. &lt;strong&gt;Твои&lt;/strong&gt; консультанты&#xA;  - сплошные невежды.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я знаю, как ты относишься к консультантам. &lt;strong&gt;У тебя&lt;/strong&gt; консультанты&#xA;  - сплошные невежды по определению.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first sentence the speaker is stating the fact that the consultants are ignorant, while in the second sentence he seems to be even defending consultants. In the first sentence consultants belong to the one to whom the speaker is talking, while in the second sentence the person to whom the speaker is talking (interlocutor) may not have, i.e. possess, any consultants at all (in the first sentence, the speaker is talking only about those consultants that belong to his interlocutor, while in the second sentence he is talking about all consultants).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, '&lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt;', can describe a certain situation that the speaker has or is experiencing at the moment, while using '&lt;strong&gt;мой&lt;/strong&gt;' would not have such a connotation. Compare the following examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– Все мы знаем, где наши родители, и только про твоего папу, Джейн,&#xA;  никому ничего не известно. Где он сейчас? Возможно, что где-нибудь на&#xA;  какой-нибудь выставке, а возможно, что и в каком-нибудь баре...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– &lt;strong&gt;Мой&lt;/strong&gt; папа в командировке, и вообще-то это не ваше дело.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– Джейн, мы завтра идём в поxод. Пойдёшь с нами?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– К сожалению, нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– А что так?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– &lt;strong&gt;У меня&lt;/strong&gt; папа в командировке. Маме нужна моя помощь. Ей тяжело будет&#xA;  одной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second example, the speaker is introducing and describing her particular situation that she is presenting as a reason why she cannot go hiking. In the first example, however, the fact that the speaker's father is on the business trip is not being presented or described as a particular situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My answer reflects only my limited understanding of the matter and in no way should be taken as a comprehensive description of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2012-12-19T14:26:09.130" LastActivityDate="2012-12-19T14:26:09.130" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-12-19T14:26:09.130" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="881" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="889" CreationDate="2012-08-21T01:04:01.957" Score="10" ViewCount="2276" Body="&lt;p&gt;Possession is generally expressed in Russian using у + genitive case. However, in technical contexts the verb иметь is used, e.g., это уравнение имеет решение or этот многочлен имеет один корень. I have two questions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aside from the useful phrase иметь в виду, and the less useful phrase иметь место (I have used the first one a lot, but I've rarely used the second), should иметь be avoided in everyday conversations, or are there some everyday circumstances where иметь does not sound strange &lt;em&gt;besides&lt;/em&gt; the two idioms above?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is there a simple rule of thumb in technical settings where the usage of иметь is acceptable, or does it just come down to personal taste? For example, a native speaker who knows Russian very well (at least the way it was 20 years ago, when he left) told me that the sentences Прямоугольник имеет четыре стороны&#xA;and Этот прямоугольник имеет высоту 3 метра sound awkward to him (he'd prefer У прямоугольника четыре стороны and Высота этого прямоугольника — 3 метра).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-08-22T11:13:37.980" LastActivityDate="2021-02-27T04:50:07.417" Title="The usage of иметь" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="881" CreationDate="2012-08-21T10:57:10.683" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;2) You may say: &lt;em&gt;Прямоугольник имеет четыре стороны&lt;/em&gt;, when you teach kids in the lessons. When you say to your friends, you say: &lt;em&gt;У прямоугольника четыре стороны.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence of this statement, and the second just a statement of fact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Буду &lt;strong&gt;иметь в виду&lt;/strong&gt; - I'll keep that in mind. Used on daily conversation.&#xA;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Меня не будет в городе до выходных. (&lt;em&gt;I will not be in town until the weekend.&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Хорошо, я буду иметь это в виду. (&lt;em&gt;Well, I'll keep that in mind.&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Иметь место&lt;/strong&gt; is an idiom used when you give an explanation of what or things. Used on the educations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Совокупность преступлений имеет место, когда лицо последовательно совершает несколько преступлений.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="391" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-08-22T11:15:40.143" LastActivityDate="2012-08-22T11:15:40.143" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="883" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="881" CreationDate="2012-08-21T13:44:10.867" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;add at least expressions &lt;strong&gt;иметь значение&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;иметь влияние&lt;/strong&gt; to the list.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is none. However, the more formal context is, the better the verb suits. Thus, &lt;strong&gt;Каждый круг имеет центр&lt;/strong&gt; is perfectly OK for math science article or administrative codex, but ill-suited for everyday use. Also keep in mind, that the subject of action is different in these forms and focus slightly shifts to the subject.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, keep in mind, that the verb is sometimes used as substitute for taboo verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-08-22T11:14:11.643" LastActivityDate="2012-08-22T11:14:11.643" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="219" CreationDate="2012-08-23T09:24:10.517" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an interesting issue with the word &lt;em&gt;алгоритм&lt;/em&gt;. Sometimes, in certain contexts, it's traditionally spelled as &lt;em&gt;алгорифм&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="98" LastEditorUserId="153" LastEditDate="2012-08-23T19:18:37.270" LastActivityDate="2012-08-23T19:18:37.270" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="881" CreationDate="2012-08-23T12:01:27.183" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sentences with иметь/имеет sound a little more formal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if you are reading a math book, or listening to a math lection, you may expect to rather hear&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;прямоугольник имеет четыре стороны&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but if you are talking to someone, you should rather expect to hear &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;у прямоугольника четыре стороны&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not that the first one is broken or something, but it's pretty much the same in English: you would expect to find &quot;a rectangle contains...&quot; in a book, but to hear &quot;a rectangle has...&quot; in a conversation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user254" LastActivityDate="2012-08-23T12:01:27.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="886" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="888" CreationDate="2012-08-24T14:37:31.290" Score="3" ViewCount="130" Body="&lt;p&gt;Online translators seem to only take the gender of the first noun but what if you wanted to mean in the example &lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt; apple and &lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt; banana, but &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; are green - could you then pluralize &lt;em&gt;green&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;green apple and banana&lt;/em&gt; → &lt;em&gt;зеленое яблоко и банан&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;green banana and apple&lt;/em&gt; → &lt;em&gt;зеленый банан и яблоко&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-11T19:13:51.320" LastActivityDate="2014-06-11T19:13:51.320" Title="Should adjectives that modify coordinated nouns be plural?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="887" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="886" CreationDate="2012-08-24T14:43:18.650" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you can pluralize &lt;em&gt;green&lt;/em&gt; in this case and say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Зеленые яблоко и банан&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is perfectly fine from both grammatical and phonetic points of view.  This is also true when using possessive pronouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мои кошка и собака&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  My cat and dog&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-08-24T14:43:18.650" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="886" CreationDate="2012-08-24T19:40:32.800" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Computer parsing of texts in natural languages is really hard and tricky, do NOT rely on any computer translator ever: even if dictionary used is good, idioms are pretty like to be unrecognised and master-slave relations between words in sentence (what correct grammar term for it?) will be often parsed wrong. There is no way about it currently from technical point of view.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Theoretically, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Зеленое яблоко и банан&lt;/em&gt;&quot; should be translated as &quot;&lt;em&gt;green apple and (possibly non-green) banana&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. If you wish to mark both as green, you should say &quot;&lt;em&gt;зеленые яблоко и банан&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. However, it is impossible disambiguate &quot;&lt;em&gt;зеленые яблоки и бананы&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-09T20:21:05.367" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T20:21:05.367" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="881" CreationDate="2012-08-26T03:30:44.090" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) In simple sentences, it's usually better to use “&lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt; subject &lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;” instead of “subject &lt;em&gt;имеет&lt;/em&gt;”. One notable exception is the sentence “&lt;em&gt;Я имею право ...&lt;/em&gt;” (“I have a right”), which is used more often than “&lt;em&gt;У меня есть право ...&lt;/em&gt;”. However, both variants are common. E.g.,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;  Я имею право не отвечать на ваши вопросы. &#xA;  У меня есть право не отвечать на ваши вопросы.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Perhaps, the first form is more common because it puts more emphasis on the word &lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also “&lt;em&gt;иметь&lt;/em&gt;” is used when the construction “у ... есть” cannot be used (e.g. in sentences without a subject). For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;  Хорошо иметь друзей.&#xA;  Вам необходимо будет иметь с собой пропуск.&#xA;  Что мне нужно иметь с собой?&#xA;  Чтобы не иметь проблем с оформлением разрешения, лучше подать документы за 3 месяца.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) “У прямоугольника четыре стороны” sounds OK. However, “Этот прямоугольник имеет высоту 3 метра” doesn't sound right. Part of the problem is that we usually refer to the dimensions of a rectangle as length (&lt;em&gt;длина&lt;/em&gt;) and width (&lt;em&gt;ширина&lt;/em&gt;) in Russian. So for example the sentence “&lt;em&gt;прямоугольный параллелепипед имеет высоту 3 метра&lt;/em&gt;” sounds much better. (Even in this case, “&lt;em&gt;высота прямоугольного параллелепипеда 3 метра&lt;/em&gt;” is better).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, in Russian, we very rarely say that an object has (“имеет” or even “у ... есть”) a property. A native speaker cannot say “&lt;em&gt;моя машина имеет красный цвет&lt;/em&gt;” (sounds really bad) or “&lt;em&gt;у моего телевизора чёрный цвет&lt;/em&gt;” (sounds very awkward). However, one can say “Иодид цинка — химическое соединение с формулой ZnI2, в безводной форме имеет белый цвет и активно поглощает влагу из воздуха” (this sentence is from Russian Wikipedia) because the context is very technical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="222" LastEditorUserId="222" LastEditDate="2012-08-26T04:00:21.793" LastActivityDate="2012-08-26T04:00:21.793" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="219" CreationDate="2012-08-26T04:38:35.380" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is another example. The word “catholic” (καθολικὴ) is spelled either as “ка&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;олический” or as “ка&lt;strong&gt;ф&lt;/strong&gt;олический” in Russian. These two spellings, however, are used in different contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Католическая церковь” means the Catholic Church.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  “Кафолическая церковь” means а universal church.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="222" LastEditorUserId="190" LastEditDate="2012-08-31T08:07:42.690" LastActivityDate="2012-08-31T08:07:42.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="891" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1096" CreationDate="2012-08-27T22:52:42.280" Score="13" ViewCount="3267" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=brogrammer&quot;&gt;an article about this word in Urban Dictionary&lt;/a&gt;. But what is the Russian for this word? &quot;говнокодер&quot; and &quot;быдлокодер&quot; are not suitable here (it means good developer, not bad).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example of using:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I don't write unit tests, interfaces, use IOC or heavy ORMs. Yet I'm not a brogrammer.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="329" LastEditorUserId="329" LastEditDate="2012-08-28T22:10:56.700" LastActivityDate="2013-02-17T21:33:06.900" Title="What is the Russian translation for &quot;brogrammer&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="892" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="893" CreationDate="2012-08-28T08:43:54.493" Score="10" ViewCount="612" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can please someone explain the origin of &quot;-м&quot; in &quot;(я) ем&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do other verbs have &quot;-у (-ю)&quot; ending in the 1st person singular of present (&quot;я работаю, я учу&quot;), but this verb has &quot;-м&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-28T11:08:15.640" LastActivityDate="2013-02-01T08:43:38.563" Title="Origin of the verb form &quot;(я) ем&quot;" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="892" CreationDate="2012-08-28T10:08:35.827" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, there are some other irregular verbs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;claims&lt;/a&gt; that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нехарактерную для глаголов I и II спряжений систему окончаний&#xA;  (архаическую) имеют глаголы &lt;em&gt;есть, надоесть, дать, создать&lt;/em&gt; (и их&#xA;  приставочные производные: &lt;em&gt;переесть, заесть, сдать, отдать, предать,&#xA;  воссоздать&lt;/em&gt; и др.), а также обсценный глагол &lt;em&gt;ссать (сцать)&lt;/em&gt; (спряжение&#xA;  на -ы-).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for why is this so, well, irregular verbs in any language are traces of old grammar constructions, and not all of them can be logically explained. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even in &lt;a href=&quot;http://window.edu.ru/library/pdf2txt/112/22112/5339/page7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Old Russian&lt;/a&gt; such verbs had been pretty rare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;К нетематическим (V класс) относилось всего пять глаголов: &lt;em&gt;быти, дати,&#xA;  ѣсти ‘кушать’, вѣдѣти ‘знать’ и имати&lt;/em&gt;. В 1-ом лице ед. ч. у этих&#xA;  глаголов было окончание –мь (&lt;em&gt;есмь, дамь, ѣмь, вѣмь, имамь&lt;/em&gt;), во 2-ом&#xA;  лице ед. ч. – окончание –си (&lt;em&gt;еси, даси, ѣси, вѣси&lt;/em&gt;, но &lt;em&gt;имаши&lt;/em&gt;); в оcтальных лицах окончания были те же, что и у тематических глаголов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to conclude, this is remnant of &lt;code&gt;-мь&lt;/code&gt; ending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-08-28T21:21:46.207" LastActivityDate="2012-08-28T21:21:46.207" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="894" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-08-29T09:52:25.307" Score="2" ViewCount="308" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ever notice how it's a penny for your thoughts, yet you put in your two-cents? Someone is making a penny on the deal.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;мой перевод&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда-либо замечали что значит для вас один цент,  а когда вы еще добавили два? Кто-то делает цент на сделке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="411" LastActivityDate="2012-08-29T09:52:25.307" Title="Помогите перевести на русский цитату про penny" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-08-29T10:56:54.890" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="895" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="896" CreationDate="2012-08-29T15:57:32.373" Score="16" ViewCount="1114" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the best way to convey the meaning of the English word &quot;Kafkaesque&quot; in Russian as succinctly and correctly as possible? I'm interested in both noun and adjective versions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand &quot;Kafkaesque&quot; as something that is absurd, distorted and causes the feel of existential angst.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="190" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-29T19:32:04.600" LastActivityDate="2012-08-29T19:32:04.600" Title="How to say &quot;Kafkaesque&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="895" CreationDate="2012-08-29T16:14:09.010" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The corpus knows the noun &lt;em&gt;кафкианство&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Экая гоголиана, устало думал Миша Белосельско-Белозерский, экое утомительное кафкианство, экая мамлеевщина, экий сорокинизм! &lt;em&gt;[Василий Аксенов. Негатив положительного героя (1996)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and the adjective &lt;em&gt;кафкианский&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Газет я не читала, но стопка на тумбочке источала ужас. Сегодня я бы сказала ― кафкианский ужас. Одно воспоминание тех лет было настолько пронзительным, что осталось частью моей биографии. &lt;em&gt;[Р. М. Фрумкина. О нас – наискосок (1995)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-08-29T16:14:09.010" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="897" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="901" CreationDate="2012-08-29T17:31:33.357" Score="3" ViewCount="1745" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which form is more appropriate in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эта страница генерируется автоматически. Пожалуйста, не редактируйте её.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эта страница генерится автоматически. Пожалуйста, не редактируйте её.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since this term in this sense is relatively new, please, explain your point of you reasonably full.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-29T19:30:55.677" LastActivityDate="2012-08-29T19:30:55.677" Title="&quot;Генерится&quot; or &quot;генерируется&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="897" CreationDate="2012-08-29T18:39:03.470" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Генерируется&lt;/em&gt;, от глагола &lt;em&gt;генерировать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сравни статью из &quot;Большого толкового словаря&quot; Кузнецова:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ГЕНЕРИРОВАТЬ, -рую, -руешь; нсв. что. &lt;em&gt;Книжн.&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  Производить, создавать, возбуждать. Г. электрические колебания. &amp;lt; Генерироваться, -руется; страд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Генерится&lt;/em&gt; — это от глагола &lt;em&gt;генерить&lt;/em&gt;, сугубо разговорного. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В том же Большом толковом словаре Кузнецова (ред. 2009 года) статьи для &quot;генерить&quot; нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-29T18:47:23.737" LastActivityDate="2012-08-29T18:47:23.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="897" CreationDate="2012-08-29T18:46:36.940" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The right word is &lt;em&gt;генерируется&lt;/em&gt;, being a form of &lt;em&gt;генерировать&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;создавать&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word &lt;em&gt;генерится&lt;/em&gt; does not exist in Russian language.  It sometimes used in programmers' jargon, however it doesn't make it a proper word in the language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure about the context you are dealing with, but why not just say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эта страница создается автоматически.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-08-29T18:46:36.940" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="900" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="902" CreationDate="2012-08-29T18:49:13.203" Score="6" ViewCount="3878" Body="&lt;p&gt;При указании отрезков времени, во фразах вроде&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;в продолжение / на протяжении / в течение трёх лет&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;в течение&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; заканчивается на &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;-е&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (винительный падеж), &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;а &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;на протяжении&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; на &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;-и&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (предложный).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Есть тут какая-нибудь логика?   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Есть ли другие, помимо &lt;em&gt;течения&lt;/em&gt; слова, используемые в данном контексте в винительном падеже?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: Меня правильно поправили: в моём вопросе &lt;em&gt;в течение&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;в продолжение&lt;/em&gt; пишется с &lt;em&gt;-е&lt;/em&gt; в конце. См. ответы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-09T20:20:50.097" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T20:20:50.097" Title="В течение vs. на протяжении" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;окончания&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="897" CreationDate="2012-08-29T18:56:15.580" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The form &lt;em&gt;генерится&lt;/em&gt; is a haplology, similar to &lt;em&gt;близорукий / &amp;#42;&amp;#42;близозоркий, знаменосец / &amp;#42;&amp;#42;знаменоносец&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently it's slang and not recorded by the dictionaries yet, but, being a haplology, has all chances to make it into the neutral speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the moment, the dictionary form &lt;em&gt;генерируется&lt;/em&gt; is more appropriate if you have to choose between the two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-08-29T18:56:15.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="900" CreationDate="2012-08-29T19:16:25.110" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В продолжение&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;в течение&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;в заключение&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;в завершение&lt;/em&gt; are prepositions per se.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically, they developed from nouns in accusative using the same paradigm as phrases &lt;em&gt;в год его рождения&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;в минуту славы&lt;/em&gt; etc., i. e. they answer the question &lt;em&gt;в какое время?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;На протяжении&lt;/em&gt; is a phrase (a preposition and a noun) which can be split: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Роль прямого советника при государе сохранялась, однако, на всем протяжении периода просвещенного абсолютизма (достаточно вспомнить роль Дидро и Вольтера). &lt;em&gt;[Виталий Куренной. Медиа: средства в поисках целей // «Отечественные записки», 2003]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-08-29T19:16:25.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="900" CreationDate="2012-08-29T19:23:41.790" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) &lt;code&gt;В продолжение в трех лет&lt;/code&gt; - 'в продолжение' - это предлог. &#xA;2) &lt;code&gt;В продолжении банкета&lt;/code&gt; - предлог + существительное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Понять это нельзя. Это надо запомнить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastActivityDate="2012-08-29T19:23:41.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="904" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-08-29T19:28:17.447" Score="8" ViewCount="8169" Body="&lt;p&gt;Словарь указывает оба варианта как допустимые. Но хотя &lt;em&gt;достичь&lt;/em&gt; и считается основным, в его спряжении все равно присутствуют формы с суффиксом &lt;em&gt;-ну \ -н&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;достигну&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;достигнешь&lt;/em&gt;, и т.п. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как получилось, что в глаголе появился (или исчез?) суффикс &lt;em&gt;-ну \ -н&lt;/em&gt;? Существовали ли когда-нибудь формы, аналогичные формам &lt;em&gt;достигну&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;достигнешь&lt;/em&gt; по значению, но не имевшие суффикса?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-09-02T16:45:30.093" LastActivityDate="2012-09-13T11:56:38.187" Title="&quot;достичь&quot; vs. &quot;достигнуть&quot;" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;суффиксы&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="900" CreationDate="2012-08-29T19:29:04.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ну, во-первых, вы чуть-чуть заблуждаетесь. Правильная форма сложного предлога всегда  &quot;в продолжение&quot;, и его не стоит путать с существительным. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.etoze.ru/pravopisanie/v-prodoljenii-ili-v-prodoljenie-pravopisanie/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Цитата&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сложный предлог в продолжение, разумеется, также произошел от&#xA;  предложно-падежной формы существительного продолжение. Но в роли&#xA;  сложного предлога употребляется застывшая форма винительного падежа&#xA;  этого существительного (кого? что?) — именно поэтому на конце его&#xA;  пишется -е. Пример: в продолжение недели мне нездоровилось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть -  всё то же самое, что и, например, с использованием словосочетание &quot;в течение&quot; в качестве предлога. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается логики. Я (повторюсь в рамках данного стека) не так оптимистичен, как лингвист Зализняк с его верой в непоколебимые и чёткие законы развития языков. Но более чем вероятно, что это потому, что я знаю гораздо меньше уважаемого академика. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но смею предполагать, что частично такому кавардаку причина лежит в орфографической реформе, упразднившей, в том числе, букву &quot;ять&quot; ). В дореволюционной орфографии - в дательном и предложном падежах единственного числа существительных писалось &quot;ѣ&quot;: &lt;code&gt;о столѣ, въ/къ школѣ, о морѣ, о счастьѣ (а также о счастіи)&lt;/code&gt;. При этом в именительном и винительном падежах писалось &quot;е&quot; &lt;code&gt;(гдѣ? — въ морѣ, но куда? — въ море)&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Александр Исаевич Солженицын, будучи человеком с очень своеобразными взглядами на развитие русское языка (буквально никем не разделёнными), очень часто ошибался как в постановке своих лингвистических диагнозов, так и в предлагаемых методах лечения. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но это не отменяет дельности данной цитаты: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При нивелировке языка значительное разрушение потерпел предложный&#xA;  падеж.  Уже упомянуто, как он пострадал от отмены &quot;ятя&quot;. В том же&#xA;  неосмысленном порыве всеобщего &quot;упрощения&quot; был срезан предложный падеж&#xA;  ещё одного обширного класса существительных - среднего рода с&#xA;  окончанием &quot;ье&quot;, стали писать предложные в точности как именительный и&#xA;  винительный: в Поволжье, в платье (без всякой логики сохранив&#xA;  предложное &quot;и&quot; для случая полного окончания &quot;ие&quot;: в платии).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И тут впору вспомнить об &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/903/242&quot;&gt;ответе уважаемого permeakra&lt;/a&gt; )))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-08-29T19:29:04.620" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="906" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="907" CreationDate="2012-08-30T04:13:30.127" Score="4" ViewCount="328" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to translate &quot;tile-based game&quot; into Russian correctly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="346" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-30T08:24:40.097" LastActivityDate="2012-08-30T21:09:51.387" Title="Tile-based game" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="906" CreationDate="2012-08-30T05:26:13.647" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you mean &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tile-based_video_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;tile-based video games&lt;/a&gt;, the word tile here has no russian counterpart, so it is usually translated as &lt;code&gt;игры с тайловой графикой&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;тайловые игры&lt;/code&gt;. If you mean just &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tile-based_game&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;tile-based games&lt;/a&gt;, then it can be translated like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Настольные игры с использованием игральных костей.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Настольные игры с игральными костями.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to reduce tautology these often reduced to &lt;code&gt;игры с костями&lt;/code&gt; (sounds pretty ominous out of context, doesn't it) or even &lt;code&gt;игры в кости&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, as Quassnoi had mentioned, кости in russian stands for both dice and tile games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Игра &quot;1000 на кубиках&quot; относится к одной из самых азартных и увлекательных &lt;em&gt;игр в кости&lt;/em&gt;. Везение помноженное на мастерство и точный расчет - вот главное условие выигрыша, как, кстати, и в большинстве игр подобного рода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is about &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dice_10000&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;dice game&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is worth to mention that in some games there is a tendency to call tiles just &lt;code&gt;тайлы&lt;/code&gt;. For example, in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mahjong.ru/files/mjru0909.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;official rules&lt;/a&gt; of Mahjong in Russian, you will find only &quot;кости&quot;. But de-facto it is common to  many russian players &lt;a href=&quot;http://bit.ly/Ot4M2J&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;to use&lt;/a&gt; &quot;тайлы&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For mor popular tile-based games it is not the case. You'll probably never hear &quot;домино с тайлами из слоновой кости&quot; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet, there is derivative form of кости, &lt;code&gt;костяшки&lt;/code&gt;, which are more likely to be associated with tiles.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-08-30T07:47:44.837" LastActivityDate="2012-08-30T07:47:44.837" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="908" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-08-30T08:25:39.050" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-30T08:25:39.050" LastActivityDate="2012-08-30T08:25:39.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="909" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-08-30T08:25:39.050" Score="0" Body="Questions about game terminology (cards, video games, board games, etc.)" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-08-30T08:25:39.050" LastActivityDate="2012-08-30T08:25:39.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="582" CreationDate="2012-08-30T09:05:53.213" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's pretty direct translation for &quot;to handwave something&quot;, with meaning &quot;give a quick response without much thought&quot;. It  would be &quot;отмахнуться&quot; in Russian, though, of course, you'd have to adapt usage to different contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="235" LastActivityDate="2012-08-30T09:05:53.213" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="892" CreationDate="2012-08-30T16:16:02.100" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This ending came from Proto-Indo-European athematic indicative singular first person verb ending -mi. The PIE word for &quot;(I) eat&quot; was &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯ed-mi&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see an example of full PIE verb declension here:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pie.allderek.com/doku.php?id=steh%E2%82%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://pie.allderek.com/doku.php?id=steh%E2%82%82&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same ending gave the English form &lt;em&gt;&quot;(I) am&quot;&lt;/em&gt; from the PIE form of the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯es-mi&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-02-01T08:43:38.563" LastActivityDate="2013-02-01T08:43:38.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="912" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-08-30T16:29:18.763" Score="3" ViewCount="298" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm translating a sentence, that starts like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And &lt;strong&gt;to mention&lt;/strong&gt; just one more of the catastrophic implications of “advanced” capital’s systemic development, we must bear in mind the prohibitively wasteful global ecological encroachment of our no longer tenable mode of social metabolic reproduction on the finite planetary world, with its rapacious exploitation of the non-renewable material resources and the increasingly more dangerous destruction of nature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source&lt;/em&gt;: Istvan Meszaros, &lt;a href=&quot;http://monthlyreview.org/2012/03/01/structural-crisis-needs-structural-change&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Structural Crisis Needs Structural Change&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do i translate the phrase “&lt;em&gt;to mention&lt;/em&gt;” at the start of the sentence? Is the phrase “&lt;em&gt;to mention&lt;/em&gt;” used in the beginning of the sentences as special stand-alone expression the same way “&lt;em&gt;not to mention&lt;/em&gt;” is, and if so, what is its meaning? I know that “not to mention” is easily translated as “&lt;em&gt;не говоря о&lt;/em&gt;”, but i'm not sure about this one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="190" LastEditorUserId="190" LastEditDate="2012-09-06T15:15:15.573" LastActivityDate="2013-07-13T10:05:57.143" Title="How to translate the phrase &quot;To mention&quot; at the start of the sentence?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="912" CreationDate="2012-08-30T16:45:02.513" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case, &lt;em&gt;to mention&lt;/em&gt; is not a stand-alone phrase/word.  Instead, you have one whole of &lt;em&gt;to mention just one more of the catastrophic implication&lt;/em&gt;.  Therefore you need to look at this as a whole.  I would translate this particular sentence without translating it word-for-word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Еще одним катастрофическим следствием...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are intent on using something in place of &lt;em&gt;to mention&lt;/em&gt;, I think &lt;em&gt;к тому же&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;вдобавок&lt;/em&gt; (more colloquial) would be reasonable options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;К тому же, еще одним катастрофическим следствием...&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  or&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Вдобавок, еще одним катастрофическим следствием...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, please note that I don't have the whole context: your specific context may require some other interpretation/translation of this phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-09-06T15:16:18.893" LastActivityDate="2012-09-06T15:16:18.893" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="914" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="916" CreationDate="2012-08-30T16:49:05.640" Score="11" ViewCount="3226" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've found that there is a relatively known English proverb that goes like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is easy to be wise after the event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm interested, is there an equivalent in Russian for the whole proverb or the phrase &quot;being wise after the event&quot;? If not, what is the proper literary translation would be?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="190" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T18:14:04.597" Title="&quot;Being wise after the event&quot; - analog in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;saying&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="914" CreationDate="2012-08-30T16:56:55.037" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a Russian proverb:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Знал бы прикуп - жил бы в Сочи&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which means &quot;[I] would have done things differently had [I] known of something particular in the past&quot;.  It originated from the преферанс card game, but has grown beyond just the jargon of the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not exactly the same as &lt;em&gt;it is easy to be wise after the event&lt;/em&gt;, but it does carry similar meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt; last night another thought came to me, when I was thinking about something I did the previous day:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Умная мысля приходит опосля&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T04:27:23.107" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T04:27:23.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="916" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="914" CreationDate="2012-08-30T17:50:19.327" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is common to say &lt;code&gt;Все мы задним умом крепки&lt;/code&gt; in the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastActivityDate="2012-08-30T17:50:19.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="914" CreationDate="2012-08-30T19:08:25.693" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;permeakra's answer is the most precise translation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is though one more possible alternative for some special situations. The alternative is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;После драки кулаками не машут&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which literally translates as &quot;you don't swing your fists after the fight&quot;. It is applicable in situations when somebody boasts his (usually inexistent) power or threatens to the enemy after the end of the confrontation when these threats do not endanger them anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2012-08-30T19:08:25.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="912" CreationDate="2012-08-30T19:36:38.700" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To mention just one more of the catastrophic implication...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;can be translated as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Касаясь еще одного катастрофического последствия ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it's the most precise translation here, given that Russian infinitive clauses do not always function in the same way as English ones. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the object of &quot;mention&quot; is a relatively short phrase, you can also translate it as &quot;что касается&quot;. If &quot;to mention X&quot; is a stand-alone phrase, you can use &quot;кстати&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To mention the cats. My sister once had a cat who could open the fridge...&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Кстати, о кошках. У моей сестры однажды был кот, который умел открывать холодильник...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-07-10T04:35:36.280" LastActivityDate="2013-07-10T04:35:36.280" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="873" CreationDate="2012-08-30T19:40:29.007" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first one conveys the meaning that there is only one father (&lt;strong&gt;the&lt;/strong&gt; father) while the second does not convey such meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since people typically have only one father, the sentences are interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you said about a dog or about a sister, the sentences would have different meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Моя сестра заболела = My sister is ill (that is the only sister)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня сестра заболела = A sister of mine is ill (there can be one or several sisters)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You cannot say &quot;Моя сестра заболела&quot; if you have several sisters and it is not clear about which one you are speaking about. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-08-30T19:40:29.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="906" CreationDate="2012-08-30T21:09:51.387" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think English &lt;code&gt;tile-based game&lt;/code&gt; means board games with tiles, like Carcassonne or Forgotten Island. This case &lt;code&gt;tile&lt;/code&gt; is a piece of land or map, so nearest Russian equivalent should be &lt;code&gt;Настрольная игра&lt;/code&gt;, there are no specific word for tile. usually it's called same &lt;code&gt;тайл&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;участок&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="413" LastActivityDate="2012-08-30T21:09:51.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="921" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="922" CreationDate="2012-08-31T08:29:44.047" Score="7" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;This very question is inspired by the question &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/219/are-there-words-that-can-be-spelled-with-both-%D1%82-and-%D1%84&quot;&gt;Are there words that can be spelled with both т and ф&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the answer states that &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There is an interesting issue with the word &lt;code&gt;алгоритм&lt;/code&gt;. Sometimes, in certain contexts, it's traditionally spelled as &lt;code&gt;алгорифм&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was surprised, since I've never heard this word to be used in any context we can call common, even in sense of common for some very small community of people, say, for some very high specialized theoretics from St. Petersburg (as claims the author of the answer), or whoever. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is: Is word &lt;code&gt;алгорифм&lt;/code&gt; really used nowadays? Can we name this spelling traditional. Or has it been actually just some sporadic attempts of certain people, who tried to coin new term, but this has never been widely accepted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-08-31T09:42:11.320" Title="Can I encounter &quot;aлгорифм&quot; nowadays in any context. And in past?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="921" CreationDate="2012-08-31T09:42:11.320" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a historical spelling of this word, most notably used by Markov Jr. in his works on computability. The most known example of its usage is &lt;em&gt;нормальный алгорифм&lt;/em&gt;, the core concept of the theory of computability, and the title of Markov's main work, &lt;em&gt;Теория алгорифмов&lt;/em&gt;, first published in early 50's, when the word was scarcely used outside the academia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second edition of the work, published in 80's, used the word &lt;em&gt;алгорифм&lt;/em&gt; in the title, but the current spelling &lt;em&gt;алгоритм&lt;/em&gt; in the body of the book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently, peer reviewed journals refuse the spelling &lt;em&gt;алгорифм&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a nutshell, this is just an outdated spelling, like &lt;em&gt;чорт&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;итти&lt;/em&gt; etc. and should not be used in the modern writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-08-31T09:42:11.320" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="923" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="924" CreationDate="2012-08-31T16:26:45.583" Score="16" ViewCount="1445" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does &quot;терпячка&quot; mean? I know that it's connected to suffering and bearing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I need exact meaning, the possibility to say what can be called this word and what can not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="419" LastEditorUserId="1332" LastEditDate="2013-01-07T20:47:55.903" LastActivityDate="2013-10-12T22:27:34.863" Title="What does &quot;терпячка&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="924" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="923" CreationDate="2012-08-31T17:18:04.317" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word is created from word &lt;em&gt;терпеть&lt;/em&gt;, which in English approximately means &lt;em&gt;tolerate&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;put up with&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;hold on&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Ukrainian language, which has the same roots as Russian, word &lt;em&gt;терпячка&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;patience&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;tolerance&lt;/em&gt;, depending on context, albeit in a colloquial manner.  In the Russian language, the meaning is somewhat different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, word &lt;em&gt;терпячка&lt;/em&gt; refers to a scenario where a person is holding on and pretends that everything is fine despite it really not being fine, usually this is done to save face or to look cool, or to show off, ...  you get the idea. And this person believes that this is the right thing to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, you may be holding on and pretending that you are perfectly fine despite being in severe pain after being hit by bus.  I don't know why one would do so, but if one did, this would be referred to as &lt;em&gt;терпячка&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This does not have refer to physical pain; it may also refer to emotional state.  For example, a person may pretend at work that everything is fine at home despite the fact that a close relative has died.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, for example, if two kids went on their own to the forest and one of them admits to being scared, the other one would almost certainly pretend that he's not scared, just to show off, although, most likely, he'll be just as scared.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are just some examples, but they should be enough to convey the meaning of the word. If you can read Russian reasonably well, I recommend that you read these posts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://knjazna.livejournal.com/380576.html&quot;&gt;http://knjazna.livejournal.com/380576.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://knjazna.livejournal.com/380849.html&quot;&gt;http://knjazna.livejournal.com/380849.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://knjazna.livejournal.com/381159.html&quot;&gt;http://knjazna.livejournal.com/381159.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-09-04T11:02:33.443" LastActivityDate="2012-09-04T11:02:33.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="925" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="927" CreationDate="2012-09-03T02:18:43.617" Score="12" ViewCount="931" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often encounter claims that these letters formerly were pronounced differently. Can anybody please point me to a sound record that shows the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-09-18T23:43:31.937" LastActivityDate="2021-02-03T22:17:06.560" Title="Difference in pronunciation of е and ѣ in old Russian" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;фонология&gt;&lt;дореформенная-орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="925" CreationDate="2012-09-03T08:35:16.063" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ѣ&lt;/code&gt; completely lost their difference about the end of &lt;code&gt;XVIII&lt;/code&gt;, long before sound recording was invented.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PIE contrasted long and short vowels. &lt;code&gt;ѣ&lt;/code&gt; originated from the PIE's long vowel &lt;code&gt;ē&lt;/code&gt; which in some other languages turned into diphtongs. It is commonly accepted that it was a long vowel in Russian as well, though it is disputed whether it was just a long vowel or a diphtong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Novgorod gramotas started to mix &lt;code&gt;ѣ&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt; in early &lt;code&gt;XII&lt;/code&gt;, and Zaliznyak in &lt;em&gt;Древненовгородский диалект&lt;/em&gt; mentions that &lt;code&gt;*ѣ &amp;lt;-&amp;gt; и&lt;/code&gt; mix had phonetic nature, while &lt;code&gt;*ѣ &amp;lt;-&amp;gt; е/ь&lt;/code&gt; does not allow to distinguish between phonetic and graphic reasons reliably. So in Old Novgorod dialect, it was most probably closer to &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; than to &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even now, different flavors or Serbo-Croatian pronounce words with historical &lt;code&gt;ѣ&lt;/code&gt; differently: &lt;em&gt;Rika / Reka / Rijeka&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, it is not clear how exactly &lt;code&gt;ѣ&lt;/code&gt; was pronounced in Old Russian or Proto-Slavic, most probably its pronunciation heavily varied with dialect and time, and no reliable descriptions of its sounding persisted (to say nothing of sound records, of course).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was surely a long vowel, close to &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; or the diphtong &lt;code&gt;ие&lt;/code&gt;, and the three most probably coexisted in various dialects of Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2021-02-03T22:17:06.560" LastActivityDate="2021-02-03T22:17:06.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="925" CreationDate="2012-09-03T08:36:23.683" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, in short here are main facts about &amp;quot;ять&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In Slavic it had evolved from PIE long e, but Indo-European diphthongs &lt;code&gt;ai&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;oi&lt;/code&gt; also became &lt;code&gt;ѣ&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Actually, nowadays nobody know for what exactly sound it stands in Slavic. But most probably, according to language reconstruction, it represented long æː.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is also another hypothesis that this &amp;quot;ять&amp;quot; represented  diphthong 'ie'.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;We can hardly speak about separate phoneme in Old Russian, since it had been lost on early stages of language evolution. Yet, very subtle difference  between e and ѣ had held pretty long (especially in dialects). For example, Lomonosov wrote in XVIII century that &amp;quot;слух требует  ...  в е дебелости, в ѣ тонкости&amp;quot;,&#xA;and I do believe that it hardly can be described somewhat more precisely )&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In different Slavic languages &amp;quot;ять&amp;quot; became different vowels. For example, in Russian, in majority of dialect, it became &amp;quot;е&amp;quot; - as in хлеб, in Ukrainian - i (хлiб).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2020-09-19T00:10:02.160" LastActivityDate="2020-09-19T00:10:02.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="928" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="930" CreationDate="2012-09-03T15:29:13.533" Score="3" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is the word &quot;совершившимся&quot; derived? The sentence is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Меня поставили перед совершившимся фактом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I take it the root verb is совершить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-09-03T16:06:45.477" LastActivityDate="2012-09-03T16:12:38.877" Title="How is this word &quot;совершившимся&quot; in the following sentence derived?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="928" CreationDate="2012-09-03T15:51:24.893" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually the phrase is slightly outdated, the correct modern form is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;меня поставили перед &lt;strong&gt;свершившимся&lt;/strong&gt; фактом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;from &lt;code&gt;свершиться&lt;/code&gt; - to happen (about something that have been expected to happen).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though совершившимся is technically possible, it is used nowadays very rarely. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-09-03T15:56:36.167" LastActivityDate="2012-09-03T15:56:36.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="928" CreationDate="2012-09-03T15:51:38.053" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's make the morphological analysis of the word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;со-верш-и-вш-им-ся:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;со-&lt;/em&gt; is a prefix&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;-верш-&lt;/em&gt; is the root.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two above define the semantics of the word, meaning &quot;to complete&quot;. This is Russian form of the prefix, though, as @shabunc noted, CS form &lt;em&gt;с-&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;свершившимся&lt;/em&gt;) is more widely used in this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;-и-&lt;/em&gt; is a suffix defining perfective aspect&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;-вш-&lt;/em&gt; is a suffix defining active participle&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;-им-&lt;/em&gt; is a flective postfix (&lt;em&gt;окончание&lt;/em&gt;) defining single number and instrumental case&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ся&lt;/em&gt; is a particle (merged with the word) defining reflexivity.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, we have a past perfective reflexive active participle in sg. inst. (&lt;em&gt;действительное возвратное причастие совершенного вида прошедшего времени в творительном падеже единственного числа&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-09-03T16:12:38.877" LastActivityDate="2012-09-03T16:12:38.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="931" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="932" CreationDate="2012-09-04T13:59:27.137" Score="7" ViewCount="616" Body="&lt;p&gt;When should &lt;code&gt;твоих&lt;/code&gt; be used and when should &lt;code&gt;своих&lt;/code&gt; be used? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the reasons for picking one over another?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-12-15T18:15:10.437" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T18:31:22.333" Title="Сhoosing between твоих and своих" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="931" CreationDate="2012-09-04T15:06:18.050" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that the difference is the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;мой, твой, его (её, их)&quot; denote &quot;belonging to the speaker, the addressee, a third person&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;свой&quot; is used when you want to denote &quot;belonging to the subject of the sentence&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the subject of the sentence is 1st or 2nd person pronoun, &quot;свой&quot; is preferred. In other cases, &quot;мой&quot;, &quot;твой&quot;, &quot;его (её, их)&quot; is used. It is not a strict rule, though. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я стираю свои штаны - I am washing my pants. (&quot;мои штаны&quot; is also possible)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Я стираю твои штаны - I am washing your pants. (&quot;свои штаны&quot; is not possible, it means &quot;my pants&quot; in this sentence).&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the subject is a quantification pronoun, than &quot;свой&quot; is the only option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Каждый стирает свои штаны - Everyone is washing their (own) pants. (&quot;его&quot; is not possible)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note that the subject is not always a noun in nominative case, it is a more complex notion. It also includes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;null subjects of imperative clauses, as in &quot;постирай свои штаны&quot; - &quot;wash your pants&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;dative subjects, as in &quot;тебе пора постирать свои штаны&quot; - &quot;it's time for you to wash your pants&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the sentence is imperative, &quot;свой&quot; is the only option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Постирай свои штаны - Wash your pants. (&quot;твои&quot; is not possible, at least for me)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-09-04T22:36:55.650" LastActivityDate="2012-09-04T22:36:55.650" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="931" CreationDate="2012-09-04T20:43:35.127" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do believe that Olga gave a succinct and accurate explanation. Just want to add that actually there are cases when &lt;code&gt;свой&lt;/code&gt; is completely interchangeable with &lt;code&gt;мой&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;твой&lt;/code&gt;  etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's, once again, refer our Bible )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Возможно синонимическое употребление притяжательных местоимений мой –&#xA;  свой, твой – свой и т.п. Ср.: ... Я предаюсь моим мечтам (Пушкин). – Я&#xA;  не потерплю в своем доме воров (Чехов). Употребление притяжательных&#xA;  местоимений мой, твой, наш, ваш вместо возможного по условиям&#xA;  контекста свой больше подчеркивает связь с соответствующим лицом, в&#xA;  частности при противопоставлении, например: Моей главы коснись твоей&#xA;  рукой (Жуковский).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Д. Э. Розенталь, &quot;Литературное редактирование текста&quot;,  &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/60.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Возвратные и притяжательные местоимения&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To translate, this pronouns can be synonymous, especially when we can suspect a logical opposition - Touch &lt;strong&gt;my&lt;/strong&gt; head with &lt;strong&gt;your&lt;/strong&gt; hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-09-04T20:48:44.603" LastActivityDate="2012-09-04T20:48:44.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="934" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="938" CreationDate="2012-09-05T14:48:34.360" Score="14" ViewCount="992" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a russian joke the optimist is that who says &quot;Ждать, пока чайник закипит&quot; and pessimist is, in turn, a person who'd prefer to say &quot;Ждать, пока чайник &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; закипит&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those two form are opposite grammatically and are identical in this context.&#xA;For example, we can also say &quot;пока стану миллионером&quot; and &quot;пока не стану миллионером&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is - are both variants indeed equally accepted, how this phenomenon of loss of negation is called? Is it typical for Russian, or for other Slavic languages as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T10:46:27.603" Title="&quot;Пока чайник закипит&quot; or &quot;пока чайник не закипит&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;terminology&gt;&lt;other-languages&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="935" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-09-05T14:51:37.850" Score="9" ViewCount="433" Body="&lt;p&gt;Question is about using &lt;strong&gt;вы&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;ты&lt;/strong&gt;. I already know Serbian, so I know when you use one and when the other (Vi i Ti), what I'm interested in is, &lt;em&gt;how is this form of address called in Russian?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Serbian it's called &quot;Persiranje&quot; or as a verb &quot;Persirati&quot;, but despite all Serbian/Russian similarities, the only word sounding like that I found was &quot;пересирать&quot; which is one step away from meaning the complete opposite :P&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="425" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-12-15T18:14:00.720" LastActivityDate="2014-12-16T15:36:40.717" Title="Word for &quot;Formal Address&quot;" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;formality&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="935" CreationDate="2012-09-05T15:05:54.770" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well (if I get the question right), there are verbs &lt;code&gt;тыкать&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;выкать&lt;/code&gt; (and, accordingly, nouns &lt;code&gt;тыканье&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;выканье&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что вы мне тыкаете! Я с вами на брудершафт не пила&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those words are pretty informal and can be used only in casual speech. &#xA;More formal it is called &lt;code&gt;обращение на ты/вы&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-09-05T15:12:28.643" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T15:12:28.643" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="934" CreationDate="2012-09-05T15:16:49.960" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In serbian there's similar phenomena, though I think negative one is more popular / natural sounding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="425" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T15:16:49.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="934" CreationDate="2012-09-05T15:35:43.550" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are different conjunctions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal et al., &lt;em&gt;Справочник по правописанию, произношению и литературному редактированию&lt;/em&gt;, §209.2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Различается употребление в придаточных предложениях времени союза &lt;em&gt;пока&lt;/em&gt; и сложного союза &lt;em&gt;пока не&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Употребление в этих значениях союза &lt;em&gt;пока&lt;/em&gt; вместо &lt;em&gt;пока не&lt;/em&gt; придает высказыванию разговорный характер, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Они говорили до поры, пока келейник принес самовар... (Горький)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пей, Григорий Пантелеевич, пока почернеешь... (Шолохов).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The literary norm prescribes to use &lt;em&gt;пока не&lt;/em&gt; in your sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T15:35:43.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="935" CreationDate="2012-09-05T15:53:51.757" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Persirati&lt;/em&gt; apparently originates from German &lt;em&gt;per Sie&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Sie&lt;/em&gt; being the formal addressing in German.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian there is a colloquial (single) verb &lt;em&gt;выкать&lt;/em&gt;, or more formal phrase &lt;em&gt;быть на вы (с кем-либо)&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мои подчиненные привыкли к тому, что они со мной на &amp;quot;ты&amp;quot;, а я с ними на &amp;quot;вы&amp;quot;. &lt;em&gt;[И. Э. Кио. Иллюзии без иллюзий (1995-1999)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;― Пап, ты вождь и он вождь. Почему вы с ним на «вы»? ― Потому, что не ношу смазных сапог и не хожу на охоту. &lt;em&gt;[Александр Терехов. Каменный мост (1997-2008)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T15:53:51.757" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="935" CreationDate="2012-09-05T16:45:08.813" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a very formal way, formal address is called &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;формальная форма обращения&lt;/code&gt;, as opposed to &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;фамильярная форма обращения&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Colloquially these forms are known as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;на вы&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;на ты&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-09T17:28:57.913" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T17:28:57.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="941" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-09-05T19:36:56.050" Score="7" ViewCount="317" Body="&lt;p&gt;In pre-1918 Russian orhography, female and neuter adjectives in pl. nom. had endings &lt;em&gt;-iя&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-ыя&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;новыя вещи, голубыя озёра&lt;/em&gt;, but &lt;em&gt;новые наряды, голубые киты&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pluralia tantum require some etymologic background to put the adjective in right gender: &lt;em&gt;острыя ножницы, новыя сѣни&lt;/em&gt; but &lt;em&gt;французскiе духи&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adverbs originated from adjectives follow this rule too, however the noun the were governed by is usually lost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm interested in adverb &lt;em&gt;впервые&lt;/em&gt;. It is clearly originated from the phrase &lt;em&gt;в первые …&lt;/em&gt; with some noun, but I failed to find its etymology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google Books search suggests 55 entries with &lt;em&gt;впервыя&lt;/em&gt; and 123 entries with &lt;em&gt;впервые&lt;/em&gt; between 1870 and 1916.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I wonder: what was the right form of the adverb &lt;em&gt;впервые&lt;/em&gt; (or its etymology)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-11-05T18:29:39.670" LastActivityDate="2015-11-06T07:17:03.260" Title="Впервые or впервыя (in old orthography)?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;дореформенная-орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="13" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="582" CreationDate="2012-09-05T22:46:02.947" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yet another Russian scientific jargonism that would convey the meaning of &lt;code&gt;handwaving&lt;/code&gt; is the noun &lt;code&gt;прикидка&lt;/code&gt; and the verb &lt;code&gt;прикинуть&lt;/code&gt;, although arguably they would better correspond to the American &lt;code&gt;back of the envelope calculation&lt;/code&gt; idiom. This best works in a dialogue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[English referee] The steps from (2.12) to (2.13) are handwaving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Russian author] Ну, я примерно прикинул, что так должно получиться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="428" LastActivityDate="2012-09-05T22:46:02.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="941" CreationDate="2012-09-05T23:08:33.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know the answer to your question, but I have a hypothesis you may want to consider.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe there was no noun in &quot;впервые&quot;, maybe it was a combination of the preposition &quot;въ&quot; and the word &quot;пьрво&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've looked for examples in Sreznevsky's dictionary (compiled in the end of XIX, made on the base of writings dating XVI century or earlier). And here is what I found.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dictionary tells that the preposition въ could be used to designate that something happened in some time, and here comes one of the examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;А татя в первые продати противу поличного, а въ другiе уличатъ, продадутъ его не жалуя, а уличатъ въ третьие ино повѣсити&lt;/em&gt;. Уставная грамота великого князя Василия Дмитриевича двинянам, 1397г.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since it is an example from a preposition's entry, I think that &quot;впервые&quot; might have developed from a combination of the preposition &quot;въ&quot; and the noun &quot;пьрво&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't found any noun &quot;пьрво&quot; in the dictionary, there was only an adverb &quot;пьрво = перво&quot; that meant &quot;раньше, прежде&quot;. However, I've found another example in the entry about &quot;въ&quot;. I believe, &quot;пьрво&quot; acts as a noun there:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Въ том градѣ иже в то перво столникъ и игуменъ Iеванъ въсхотѣ сътворити гистерноу.&lt;/em&gt; Житие преподобного Федора, игумена Сикейского монастыря, XVI век.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it is not clear what is the meaning of &quot;перво&quot; here. Something like &quot;(earlier) time&quot;, maybe. Or it might be just the first part of the word &quot;первостолникъ&quot;, written separately. But in this case I don't know how to translate &quot;въ то&quot;. Can it be &quot;тогда&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-09-06T08:36:07.690" LastActivityDate="2012-09-06T08:36:07.690" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="582" CreationDate="2012-09-06T15:19:55.927" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Голословный&quot; (literally, empty-worded) has a reasonably close meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Доказательство пестрит &lt;em&gt;голословными&lt;/em&gt; утверждениями. (The proof is full of &lt;em&gt;handwaving&lt;/em&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also an expression &quot;лить воду&quot;, which means &quot;to talk without substance&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вместо содержательной речи он сорок минут &lt;em&gt;лил воду&lt;/em&gt;. (Instead of a meaningful speech he delivered forty minutes of &lt;em&gt;handwaving&lt;/em&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastActivityDate="2012-09-06T15:19:55.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="945" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="912" CreationDate="2012-09-06T16:10:58.483" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate it as &quot;в контексте&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В контексте ещё одного катастрофического последствия системного совершенствования &quot;развитого&quot; капитала, мы не должны забывать...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastActivityDate="2012-09-06T16:10:58.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="934" CreationDate="2012-09-06T18:20:21.337" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ждать, пока чайник не закипит&quot; is more common form of usage. &quot;Ждать, пока чайник закипит&quot; sounds strange. &quot;Ждать, пока&quot; without &quot;не&quot; means continuous action. It means &quot;wait during some event&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="432" LastActivityDate="2012-09-06T18:20:21.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="891" CreationDate="2012-09-06T18:30:21.340" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no Russian translation. May be &quot;мачо-программист&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="432" LastActivityDate="2012-09-06T18:30:21.340" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="948" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="949" CreationDate="2012-09-07T08:31:15.823" Score="10" ViewCount="1640" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider the following idiom:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тут сам чёрт ногу сломит. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I perceive it, it describes something very complex that one can hardly get through. It can be either something physical like a maze or jungles or something conceptual like a piece of music to be played, a math problem, crossword puzzle, circuit diagram of some electronic device, some complicated statistical database, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if there is some other idiom in Russian describing pretty much the same thing, yet without the word &quot;чёрт&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-09-07T17:40:24.937" LastActivityDate="2013-01-03T20:23:12.553" Title="An idiom similar to 'сам чёрт ногу сломит'" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="948" CreationDate="2012-09-07T11:33:40.520" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, this very idiom has an idiomatic shortening - &quot;ногу сломишь&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ногу сломишь&lt;/em&gt; с этими налогами&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А выкатывать самостоятельно даже не пробуй - &lt;em&gt;ногу сломишь&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;  I guess this counts for non-mentioning the devil ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, by analogy, &quot;сам чёрт не разберёт&quot; is related to &quot;поди разберись&quot;, which is said about something very complicated and confusing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Да уж, &lt;em&gt;поди разберись&lt;/em&gt; теперь в этих хитросплетениях. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that it is spelled &lt;code&gt;поди&lt;/code&gt;, not  &lt;code&gt;пойди&lt;/code&gt; (though the latter form is also used).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-09-07T11:45:35.400" LastActivityDate="2012-09-07T11:45:35.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="948" CreationDate="2012-09-07T13:08:32.253" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to what shabunc said, you can try something like this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эта задача не для средних умов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;this expression marks task or text requiring good education and sharp wits&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Над этой задачей придется хорошенько поломать голову&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;pretty self-explanatory, about very complicated tasks requiring much intellectual work to complete. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эта задача не для слабых духом (вариант: сердцем)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;this expression marks task or text, requiring great effort of some sort.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in colloquial speech some other idioms are used, as noted earlier &lt;code&gt;без пол-литра не разберешься&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;это просто вынос мозга&lt;/code&gt; (youth slang).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="334" LastEditDate="2012-09-07T13:14:51.693" LastActivityDate="2012-09-07T13:14:51.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="948" CreationDate="2012-09-07T13:17:30.490" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is, obviously, a rather colloquial&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;без пол-литра не разберешься (loosely translated as &quot;it's too hard for a sober mind&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but something tells me that you are not going to like the &quot;пол-литра&quot; either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastActivityDate="2012-09-07T13:17:30.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="213" CreationDate="2012-09-08T23:41:28.290" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to add that it is established as usual to address each other in the Internet forums and blogs by &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt;. Using &lt;code&gt;вы&lt;/code&gt; in such circumstances may be considered somewhat derogatory, an attempt to draw a line, establish distance between you and your opponent, to show that you have nothing in common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When in real life you could be beaten, in the Internet you just get called by &lt;code&gt;вы&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-09-08T23:41:28.290" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="934" CreationDate="2012-09-10T13:46:52.270" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say &quot;ждать пока чайник кипит&quot; but not &quot;ждать пока чайник закипит&quot;. &quot;Пока&quot; means &quot;while&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-09-10T13:46:52.270" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="934" CreationDate="2012-09-12T03:09:15.063" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think those are interchangeable like you suggested.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would always say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пока стану миллионером, скорее состарюсь&lt;/em&gt; and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Буду работать по выходным пока не стану миллионером&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but never say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пока не стану миллионером, скорее состарюсь&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Буду работать по выходным пока стану миллионером&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, I would put only future event that I believe will happen before I become millionaire in a statement after &lt;em&gt;Пока стану миллионером&lt;/em&gt;, but only something continuous that will keep happening until I become millionaire in a statement before or after &lt;em&gt;пока не стану миллионером&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="443" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-09T20:21:13.467" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T20:21:13.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="904" CreationDate="2012-09-12T09:31:43.443" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;На &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/trudnosti/36_183&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt; есть следующая информация об этом глаголе:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В русском языке встречаются двоякие формы инфинитивов нескольких&#xA;  глаголов: с формантами -бегнуть (напр., избегнуть - избечь), -стигнуть&#xA;  (напр., достигнуть - достичь) и глагола стынуть - стыть. В современном&#xA;  литературном языке вариативны тоько последние два форманта. Причем&#xA;  среди приставочных глаголов с корневой морфемой стыть сегодня уже не&#xA;  имеет вариантов наиболее употребительный глагол застыть; менее&#xA;  употребительные настынуть, простынуть отмечены в орфографическом&#xA;  словаре как вариантные (настынуть - настыть, простынуть - простыть).&#xA;  По-видимому употребительность влияет на закрепление в языке более&#xA;  экономной формы (без суффикса -ну). Среди глаголов с формантом&#xA;  -стигнуть встречаются обе формы, употребительные уже во времена А. С. Пушкина. Например: Чего он обязан достигнуть? (В. Тендряков. Свидание&#xA;  с Нефертити); ...тогда они могут постичь необъятность вселенной только&#xA;  по звездам (А. Зегерс. Через океан). Более употребительный в языке СМИ&#xA;  глагол достичь преобладает в бессуфиксном варианте. В разговорном&#xA;  языке для обоих глаголов явно предпочитается более короткий вариант:&#xA;  достичь, постичь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Важным, по-видимому, является упоминание формант. Форманта - термин, обозначающий акустическую характеристику звуков речи (прежде всего гласных), связанную с уровнем частоты голосового тона и образующую тембр звука. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это позволяет нам предположить, что причины для изменения слова были чисто фонетическими - вместо достаточно длинного варианта &quot;стигнуть&quot; стал использоваться гораздо более короткий вариант &quot;стичь&quot;. Причем если на письме разница не так заметна, то в разговорной речи она становится очевидной. В то же время формы &quot;достигну&quot;, &quot;достигнешь&quot; и т.д. не претерпели этих изменений, и остались в своем первоначальном виде. Справедливости ради стоит отметить, что сложно представить себе как можно сократить эти слова аналогичным образом. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user254" LastActivityDate="2012-09-12T09:31:43.443" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="956" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="958" CreationDate="2012-09-12T16:10:34.117" Score="5" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;Когда между главным и подчинённым предложениями следует ставить тире, а когда запятую? Сама по себе конструкция &quot;Если... то...&quot; отражает причинно-следственную связь, что побуждает использовать тире. Однако также очень часто встречаются такие сложные предложения, написанные через запятую, что тоже вполне логично: одно &amp;mdash; главное, другое &amp;mdash; подчинённое, соединённое союзом если.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Где правда? Возможно ли, что различные знаки препинания здесь указывают на особенность интонации, с которой следует произносить эти предложения?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="441" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-12-15T18:10:17.300" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T18:10:17.300" Title="&quot;Если обещал — ждите.&quot; или &quot;Если обещал, ждите.&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="956" CreationDate="2012-09-12T19:05:42.557" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильно писать с запятой (с известными оговорками, перечисленными в источнике, который я как раз собираюсь процитировать).&#xA;Да, вы правы, это так называемые, столь ненавидимые многими в школе, интонационные знаки пунктуации.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/49.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Цитируя&lt;/a&gt; Розенталя:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тире в сложноподчиненном предложении&#xA;При интонационном подчеркивании придаточные изъяснительные, реже&#xA;условные и уступительные, стоящие впереди главного предложения, могут&#xA;отделяться от него не запятой, а тире, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Буде спросит кто о чем – молчи... (Пушкин);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как он добрался сюда – уж этого никак не мог он понять (Гоголь);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что она натура честная – это мне ясно... (Тургенев);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда ко мне пристают пунктуационные наци - я говорю им: &amp;quot;Отстаньте, это интонационное!&amp;quot; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-09-12T19:05:42.557" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="959" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="904" CreationDate="2012-09-13T11:56:38.187" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;раньше была разница между лексическими значениями суффикс &lt;em&gt;ну&lt;/em&gt; обозначает одноразовое действие (например, это очень ясно в паре прыгать/прыгнуть), но в некоторых формах сейчас суффикс теряет свое значение&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="299" LastActivityDate="2012-09-13T11:56:38.187" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="960" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-09-13T12:11:21.817" Score="8" ViewCount="992" Body="&lt;p&gt;I encounter this very often - &lt;em&gt;брать&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;взять&lt;/em&gt; (take, grab) is used to actually mean &lt;em&gt;купить&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;покупать&lt;/em&gt; (buy), for example &lt;em&gt;А твой ноутбук за сколько брали?&lt;/em&gt; when the intended meaning is &lt;em&gt;А твой ноутбук за сколько покупали?&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously &lt;em&gt;taking&lt;/em&gt; something from a shop without paying for it would mean stealing it and that's a crime in most jurisdictions, Russia included. Everyone knows that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why is &lt;em&gt;взять&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;брать&lt;/em&gt; used instead of &lt;em&gt;купить&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;покупать&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="191" LastActivityDate="2014-09-01T07:47:39.397" Title="Why is &quot;взять&quot;/&quot;брать&quot; used to mean &quot;купить&quot;/&quot;покупать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="960" CreationDate="2012-09-13T12:33:09.670" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are you a native English speaker? I'm asking just to find out whether take is used in similar sense in English. For example, as I understand - correct me, if I'm wrong, &lt;code&gt;take&lt;/code&gt; in phrase &quot;take it for only&quot; means &quot;buy it for only&quot; as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I remember, in French, for example, &lt;code&gt;prendre&lt;/code&gt; also means both &quot;to take&quot; and &quot;to buy&quot;. I doubt this is typical for russian (so I disagree with conclusions which @texnic made).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, you question is quite incorrect. &#xA;There is a logical flaw in your conclusions.&#xA;See, you are saying:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;брать or взять (take, grab) is used to actually mean купить or покупать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine following question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why does the verb убить (придушить, изничтожить) means to kill in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See, the thing is that брать has also meaning &quot;to buy&quot;. And that the  way it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, I'm not sure that &lt;code&gt;взять&lt;/code&gt; actually had such meaning which can be understood in relatively wide context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-09-13T12:59:44.557" LastActivityDate="2012-09-13T12:59:44.557" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="960" CreationDate="2012-09-13T12:35:04.177" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not 100% sure, but believe it stems from the Soviet reality. In the USSR, the amount of goods in the shops was desperately low, especially of those which were needed. Such luxury as good Italian shoes or an Italian-made guitar &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; appear, but it was always a heaven's gift. Therefore, even though the salaries were not high (on the order of 200–300 USD per month after tax), people often had enough saved to buy such things if they did suddenly appear in the nearby shop. Hence, when it finally did appear, the only question was &lt;em&gt;where&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;how much&lt;/em&gt;. You can see examples of such situations in many better Soviet films, such as &lt;em&gt;По семейным обстоятельствам&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Cлужебный роман&lt;/em&gt; и др.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take also into account the prices were strictly regulated and therefore ridiculously low or unbalanced (30–50 rubles for a pair of good shoes, 3000 rubles for a 1.5 room appartment, 5–10k rubles for a Soviet car). Such prices could be kept exactly because nothing of this was readily available in the market. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt; I now admit that my theory, though well-developed, is probably wrong :) See comment by Quassnoi below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2012-09-14T13:26:50.457" LastActivityDate="2012-09-14T13:26:50.457" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="960" CreationDate="2012-09-14T10:06:28.023" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a synecdoche: part of an action (taking) instead of the whole action (paying and taking).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As others noted, such a synecdoche is quite common for the other languages too. As well as other sensitive subjects, money-related concepts are often described by synecdoches, metonymies, metaphors, euphemisms and other figures of speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, the neutral Russian &lt;em&gt;покупать&lt;/em&gt; is itself a Proto-German loanword (akin to German &lt;em&gt;kaufen&lt;/em&gt;). Since core vocabulary words are rarely borrowed, it, most probably, had been used as an euphemism which later replaced the previous neutral word on the euphemism treadmill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-09-14T10:06:28.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="925" CreationDate="2012-09-19T08:55:15.830" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is worth noting that in modern Russian pronunciation there are three different e-ish sounds:&#xA;one is a soft е as in &amp;quot;сеть&amp;quot;, the second is a hard э as in &amp;quot;эхо&amp;quot;, and the third appears in (very widely used) loanwords from English, like both е-s in &amp;quot;менеджер&amp;quot;.&#xA;It's harder than the first and softer than the second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, some people pronounce this sound as a hard э or soft е, but it is kind of awkward and doesn't sound right; so the third sound is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have no idea whether ѣ ever mapped to this sound, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2021-02-03T08:34:57.630" LastActivityDate="2021-02-03T08:34:57.630" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="967" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="971" CreationDate="2012-09-19T20:56:29.460" Score="5" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правило, если в литературе встречается цитата, то при упоминании автора употребляется его имя. А что означают подписи, оформленные по образцу &quot;По гражданину N.&quot;? Может ли быть, например, что высказывание это было произнесено не от лица самого автора, а от героя одного из его произведений?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тот, кто не имеет представления о совершенстве, довольствуется тем, что есть, не спорит с действительностью, которая становится для него тождественной со справедливостью, с благом, с красотою. Для такого человека нет движения, нет жизни. (По Амиелю)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="441" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-09-20T09:10:26.560" LastActivityDate="2012-09-20T10:34:04.413" Title="Конструкция типа &quot;по имяреку&quot;, подразумевающая косвенную цитату" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="969" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="970" CreationDate="2012-09-20T07:30:07.743" Score="8" ViewCount="1196" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вот, например, цитата из книги Дао Дэ Цзин:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дао &amp;mdash; глубокая [основа] всех вещей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я встречал подобное обозначение и в Библии, и, кажется, в художественной литературе, но, к сожалению, не могу сейчас найти дополнительные примеры.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="441" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-12-15T18:08:26.757" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T18:08:26.757" Title="Для чего некоторые слова в тексте заключают в квадратные скобки?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="969" CreationDate="2012-09-20T07:33:20.080" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это означает, что слово восстановлено по контексту, но в оригинале не присутствует. Такое часто можно встретить в переводах, где язык оригинала позволяет опускать слово, без которого перевод невозможен, в восстановленных документах, где некоторые слова утеряны, при цитировании фраз, вырванных из контекста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2012-09-20T07:33:20.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="967" CreationDate="2012-09-20T09:04:40.877" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Упомянутая вами конструкция часто встречается в значении &quot;в представлении N, в системе выстроенных им ценностей&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но Монтальво также намекает на то, что «ад — это другие», в точности&#xA;  по Сартру.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Экзистенция, по Кьеркегору, является главным предметом мысли, потому&#xA;  что этот вопрос наиболее важен для человека — того, кто существует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возвращаясь к вашему вопросу, чаще всего речь идёт о некоей трактовке представлений автора, выводы о которых сделаны на основе их публицистических (и шире - историософских) работ. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вместе с тем, если у данного конкретного художника авторская линия чётко представлена - ну или  подразумевается, что чётко представлена))) в художественном произведении, то это тоже &quot;считается&quot;. Например, часто говорят &quot;по Достоевскому&quot; или &quot;по Толстому&quot; имея ввиду цитаты именно из художественных произведений. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-09-20T10:34:04.413" LastActivityDate="2012-09-20T10:34:04.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="972" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="973" CreationDate="2012-09-23T15:39:40.093" Score="2" ViewCount="369" Body="&lt;p&gt;e.g. Российского студента жестоко избили в КПЗ в Канаде&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastActivityDate="2012-09-23T16:17:41.390" Title="What does the acronym &quot;КПЗ&quot; stand for?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="972" CreationDate="2012-09-23T16:17:41.390" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;КПЗ stands for “камера предварительного заключения” (holding cell).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;see also &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot;&gt;Изолятор временного содержания&lt;/a&gt; in Wikipedia (in Russian)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="222" LastActivityDate="2012-09-23T16:17:41.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="974" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="976" CreationDate="2012-09-24T02:53:33.310" Score="7" ViewCount="1492" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can someone clarify for me the proper usage of &lt;em&gt;каков&lt;/em&gt; compared to &lt;em&gt;какой&lt;/em&gt;, particularly situations where you consider &lt;em&gt;каков&lt;/em&gt; to be the only option that is allowed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen &lt;em&gt;какой&lt;/em&gt; a lot, but about the only place I can recall seeing &lt;em&gt;каков&lt;/em&gt; is in some problem books where questions start off with &lt;em&gt;Какова вероятность, что ...&lt;/em&gt;. I don't have much of a feel for when &lt;em&gt;каков&lt;/em&gt; is required.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-09-24T15:34:48.840" LastActivityDate="2012-09-24T15:34:48.840" Title="&quot;Каков&quot; and &quot;какой&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="975" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="977" CreationDate="2012-09-24T08:10:17.620" Score="5" ViewCount="252" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are verbs with &quot;-гнуть&quot; ending, for example, &lt;code&gt;ввергнуть&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;расторгнуть&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;моргнуть&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First two examples have following form in past time: &lt;code&gt;вверг&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;расторг&lt;/code&gt;, but for &quot;моргнуть&quot; we have &lt;code&gt;моргнул&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can one give a reasonable explanation of the fact that this verbs are conjugated differently?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; It worth to mention in this question that each of these verbs make up so called aspectual pair with imperfect form: ввергать, расторгать, моргать. And, actually, forms &lt;code&gt;ввергнул&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;расторгнул&lt;/code&gt; are completely valid, as well as shortened forms. But this does not give me a hint )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-09-25T09:58:22.303" LastActivityDate="2012-09-25T10:09:37.100" Title="Why we say &quot;расторг&quot; but &quot;моргнул&quot;" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="974" CreationDate="2012-09-24T09:32:08.787" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian adjectives come in two forms: full and short. Compare &lt;em&gt;красный / красен, страшный / страшен, подлый / подл&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The full form is actually the short form with addition of the old Slavic 3-rd person pronouns &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;jь, &amp;#42;ja&lt;/em&gt; which most probably served as a definite article, like &lt;em&gt;-ът, -та&lt;/em&gt; in modern Bulgarian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So actually, we speak about two pairs of pronominal adjectives here: &lt;em&gt;как / какой&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;каков / каковой&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two pairs were pretty synonymous in CS but in modern Russian, the first word (&lt;em&gt;как&lt;/em&gt;) has lost its adjectival meaning, and the fourth (&lt;em&gt;каковой&lt;/em&gt;) has lost interrogative aspect. So the modern language only pairs the words &lt;em&gt;какой / каков&lt;/em&gt; as interrogative pronominal adjectives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What we need to know from all this is that it's the full and the short form of the same interrogative pronominal adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, to the usage differences. Russian does not use the short form as heavily as other Slavic languages do, and in neutral speech its usage is limited to stressing rhematic role of the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare: &lt;em&gt;это белый дом (this is a white house) // этот дом бел (as for this house, it is white)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence (&lt;em&gt;это белый дом&lt;/em&gt;) does not necessarily imply that we know the topic of the sentence beforehand, and can be a first sentence in a conversation. &lt;em&gt;Белый&lt;/em&gt; may define the topic here as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second sentence (&lt;em&gt;этот дом бел&lt;/em&gt;) implies that the house is already the topic, and &lt;em&gt;бел&lt;/em&gt; here is strongly rhematic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The short form may imply firmness of the statement (&lt;em&gt;дом не чёрен, он бел // the house is not black, it is white&lt;/em&gt;), suprise (&lt;em&gt;почему тарелка пуста&lt;/em&gt;) and the similar aspects (when the rhematic role of the adjective is important).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more example is F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel &quot;Tender Is the Night&quot;, whose title is translated into Russian as &lt;em&gt;Ночь нежна&lt;/em&gt; (not &lt;em&gt;Нежная ночь&lt;/em&gt;). As you can see from the English original, &quot;tender&quot; is clearly the comment in this sentence and the short form is the right form to convey this meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in neutral language, the short form is rarely used in sentences with an explicit verb: &lt;em&gt;горит белый дом&lt;/em&gt; but not &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;&amp;#42;горит бел дом&lt;/em&gt;. The latter form may still be used in poetic language but it would be considered a slavonicism. What constitutes the rheme here is that the house is burning, not it's being white.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So answering you question: &lt;em&gt;какой&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;каков&lt;/em&gt; are interrogative pronominal adjectives in full and short forms, appropriately, which require an adjectival answer in respective form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Какова вероятность, что …&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a grammatically acceptable answer would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вероятность мала.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вероятность велика.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which implies that we know the topic of the question (probability) and the answer we need to give would just add the comment (how high is the probability).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is exactly when the short form is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-09-24T12:24:42.413" LastActivityDate="2012-09-24T12:24:42.413" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="975" CreationDate="2012-09-25T06:47:21.517" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.philol.msu.ru/~ccs/files/nesset.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;study&lt;/a&gt; which states that Proto-Slavic has two different suffixes &lt;code&gt;-нѫти&lt;/code&gt;: one used for semelfactives (quanta of repetitive actions, expressed by such called multiplicatives), another one used for inchoatives and terminatives (verbs meaning &quot;entering or leaving a continuous state&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditionally, in Russian they are denoted simply as perfective / imperfective aspects, but Plungian's theory states that these categories should be further extended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples of multiplicatives (repetitive actions) and corresponding semelfactives (quanta of these actions):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;стучать / стукнуть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;кричать / крикнуть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;чихать / чихнуть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;моргать / моргнуть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples on continuatives (&quot;being in a state&quot;) and corresponding inchoatives / terminatives (&quot;entering / leaving a state&quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;замолкать / замолкнуть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;замерзать / замёрзнуть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;погибать / погибнуть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The study states that (though with numerous exceptions) semelfactives retain the suffix and inchoatives / terminatives lose it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An interesting example would be the verb &lt;em&gt;дрогнуть&lt;/em&gt; which has both meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a semelfactive, it retains the suffix:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Звездолет дрогнул несколько раз, точно успокаивающийся зверь, и замер. &lt;em&gt;[И. А. Ефремов. Час быка (1968-1969)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a continuative, it loses it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Видно, кто в этой шкуре не бывал, на морозе не дрог, тот нашего брата постигнуть и понять не может… потому ― душа зачерствела… &lt;em&gt;[С. П. Подъячев. Мытарства (1903)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-09-25T10:09:37.100" LastActivityDate="2012-09-25T10:09:37.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="978" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="979" CreationDate="2012-09-25T11:00:52.367" Score="4" ViewCount="3904" Body="&lt;p&gt;Допустимо ли в принципе в разделяемом на две части посредством тире сложносоставном предложении ставить перед тире запятую, если того требует логика первой части?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Человек, который ..., &amp;mdash; не человек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="225" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-12-15T18:17:04.320" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T18:17:04.320" Title="Запятая плюс тире как отдельный знак пунктуации" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="978" CreationDate="2012-09-25T11:15:27.927" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Запятая и тире уместны, если:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;перед главным предложением, которому предшествует ряд однородных    придаточных, если подчеркивается распадение целого на две части:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Делал ли что-нибудь для этого Штольц, что делал и как делал, — мы этого не знаем (Добролюбов);&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;перед словом, которое повторяется для того, чтобы связать с ним новое предложение (чаще придаточное) или дальнейшую часть того же&#xA;  предложения:&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Теперь же, судебным следователем, Иван Ильич чувствовал, что все без исключения, самые важные, самодовольные люди, — все у него в руках (Л. Толстой)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;в художественной речи в периоде (значительном по объему предложении, чаще всего сложноподчиненном, которое делится паузой на&#xA;  две части – повышение и понижение) между его частями:&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Человек принимается за сочинение стихотворения по разным соображениям: чтоб завоевать сердце возлюбленной, чтоб выразить свое отношение к окружающей его реальности, будь то пейзаж или государство, чтобы запечатлеть душевное состояние, в котором он в данный момент находится, чтобы оставить след на земле, — ради этого берется за перо (Иосиф Бродский).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Источник - Д. Э. Розенталь &quot;Справочник по правописанию, произношению и литературному редактированию&quot;, § 113, Запятая и тире в сложноподчиненном предложении и в периоде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И тут уж как относиться к авторитету Дитмара Эльяшевича в частности и к практике нормативного описания языковых норм вообще. Как мы видим, если по всей строгости, конкретно ваш случай формально не удовлетворяет ни одному из перечисленных условий. Но есть буква закона и есть дух, - структура предложенного вами предложения вполне допускает использование запятой с тире. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но учителя могут и придраться ;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-09-26T08:30:18.137" LastActivityDate="2012-09-26T08:30:18.137" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="980" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="981" CreationDate="2012-09-25T13:26:41.630" Score="9" ViewCount="4049" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder are there any other cases when prefix &lt;code&gt;по-&lt;/code&gt; indicates feminine gender?&#xA;I can recall some nouns with &lt;code&gt;по-&lt;/code&gt; prefix, like &lt;code&gt;постель&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;повесть&lt;/code&gt;, but this words have roots that are also feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, there are plenty of words with &lt;code&gt;по-&lt;/code&gt; prefix which are masculine, for example, &lt;code&gt;поручик&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how come &lt;code&gt;друг&lt;/code&gt;'s feminine form is &lt;code&gt;подруга&lt;/code&gt;, can someone shed light on the etymology of this form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T07:54:40.770" Title="Why &quot;подруга&quot;, not &quot;друга&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="980" CreationDate="2012-09-25T14:40:25.947" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Подруга&lt;/em&gt; is a derivative of &lt;em&gt;подружиться&lt;/em&gt;, compare &lt;em&gt;полюбовница, побратим&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This prefix is not productive for forming feminine in Russian so this is just an ad hoc form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;CS for this word would be &lt;em&gt;другиня&lt;/em&gt; and I believe Old Russian had a similar form. In modern Ukrainian it means &quot;wife&quot; (&lt;em&gt;дружина&lt;/em&gt; in modern form), so most probably &lt;em&gt;подруга&lt;/em&gt; replaced the old form to separate the meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-09-26T08:13:50.187" LastActivityDate="2012-09-26T08:13:50.187" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="982" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="872" CreationDate="2012-09-25T16:23:05.840" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &lt;em&gt;one who is being led, pulled, attracted, etc.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And its use in the above examples seems perfectly correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="468" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-10-22T14:37:18.693" LastActivityDate="2012-10-22T14:37:18.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="983" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-09-25T17:59:32.573" Score="9" ViewCount="487" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I learned that there is a special form of verbs in German, called &quot;inflective&quot;, which emerged in German language just recently (less than 60 years ago), and that they sometimes grupped with interjections.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was told that a similar form exists in Russian as well. Is it true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Inflective - Noun - Verb&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;прыг - прыжок - прыгать&#xA;скок - скачок - скакать&#xA;хлоп - хлопок - хлопать&#xA;шлёп - шлепок - шлёпать&#xA;кувырк - кувырок - кувыркать&#xA;цап - (no form) - цапать&#xA;царап - (no form) - царапать&#xA;тук - (no form) - тукать&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder what other words can be added to expand this list?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Added as a result of the dicussion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;хвать - хваток - хватать&#xA;глядь - взгляд - глядеть&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. I looked up &quot;кувырк&quot; in a &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/efremova/179410/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;dictionary&lt;/a&gt; and it describes this word as either predicative (another part of speech) or interjection. There are no examples, so I wonder how to determine whether we are facing the first or the letter. Intuitively predicative (or predicative adverb) would be in phrase like &quot;мне кувырк&quot;, although this sounds unnatural, and inflective (or inflective interjection) would be in phrase like &quot;он кувырк, и убежал&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE&lt;/strong&gt; It has been pointed to me that some of these forms &quot;хвать&quot;, &quot;глядь&quot; are actually contractions of second person verbs. This process can be seen in phrases like &quot;а он возьми да и прыгни&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2012-09-30T03:27:53.087" LastActivityDate="2012-09-30T03:27:53.087" Title="Are there inflectives in Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="983" CreationDate="2012-09-25T21:53:10.860" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your assumption is absolutely valid. Since yes, in Russian some interjection can be treated and used as specific verbal forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are so called &quot;глагольные междометия&quot;, or &quot;междометные глаголы&quot;, or even &quot;глагольно-междометные формы&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еxamples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я его как &lt;strong&gt;шмяк&lt;/strong&gt; в лицо.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;А она вдруг &lt;strong&gt;бултых&lt;/strong&gt; в воду.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;И ни с того ни с сего, учитель &lt;strong&gt;хлоп&lt;/strong&gt; его по шее!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The majority of such interjections are onomatopoeic (звукоподражательные), like &quot;бах&quot;, &quot;кряк&quot; and so on. Members of this group in scientific articles are also called &quot;вербализованные звукоподражания&quot;. Though there exists second form of verbal interjections, derived from &quot;real&quot;, &quot;full-fledged&quot;, verbs, among them I can recall pretty popular &quot;глядь&quot; и &quot;хвать&quot; (in addition to кувырк, mentioned in the question).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These interjections are very special, they does not express any kind of grammatical category, (such as person, number, gender, case etc.), with some important clauses, which are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_tense&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Tense&lt;/a&gt;, which is most likely past tense. You can say &quot;хлопнул&quot; instead of &quot;хлоп&quot;, but you can not say &quot;хлопаю&quot;. Also, one can imagine usage as a future tense verb. (&quot;Он тогда скажет, что это его не касается, а ты тогда щёлк затвором пистолета, припугнёшь его&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Mood&lt;/a&gt;, which is always indicative (изъявительное наклонение), that means such verbs (and relative interjections) always express some specific fact or action.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Aspect, which is always &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfective_aspect&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;perfective&lt;/a&gt; (глаголы совершенного вида).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-09-26T08:29:22.477" LastActivityDate="2012-09-26T08:29:22.477" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="985" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="872" CreationDate="2012-09-26T21:25:21.177" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning &quot;to cause&quot; used to belong to the phrase «влечь за собой»: «Преступление влечет за собой наказание». &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=gr_created&amp;amp;out=normal&amp;amp;dpp=10&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;seed=26251&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E2%EB%E5%F7%FC&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=3&amp;amp;lex2=%ED%E0%EA%E0%E7%E0%ED%E8%E5&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m3=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;In the Russian corpus, the first use without &quot;за собой&quot; is in 1975&lt;/a&gt;. Apparently we're not used to using «влекомый» with this freshly discovered meaning yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Наказание, влекомое за собой преступлением» sounds unwieldy but could - says my linguistic intuition - appear in some legal or philosophical text, where the unwieldier the language the higher the score.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ok, extra analysis:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first, main, meaning of «влечь» - &lt;em&gt;to drag&lt;/em&gt; - is spatial: X drags Y, &lt;em&gt;making Y to follow itself&lt;/em&gt; (i.e. move behind it in space). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second, originally figurative, meaning - &lt;em&gt;to cause&lt;/em&gt; - is temporal, based on a metaphorical reinterpretation of time as space: X cases Y, &lt;em&gt;making Y to follow itself&lt;/em&gt; (i.e. happen after it in time).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, &lt;strong&gt;«тележка, влекомая лошадкой»&lt;/strong&gt; uses present tense, placing both a horsy and a cart in the same moment: right now the car is being dragged by the horse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«Наказание, влекомое преступлением»&lt;/strong&gt; attempts to do the same - to place crime and punishment in the same, present, moment. But that's not how causality works, at least on macro level, so our brain/intuition resists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To prove this, I would need to construct a phrase in such a way that there is a sense of temporal sequence in it, using passive participle in future or past tense. But when I try to conjugate «влекомый» to either it declines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, your second example displays yet another shade of meaning - &lt;em&gt;to attract&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;«магнит влечёт железяки / железяки, влекомые магнитом»&lt;/strong&gt; (unusual for modern language but cf. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;dpp=10&amp;amp;spp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_created&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;parent=0&amp;amp;level=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E2%EB%E5%F7%FC&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;parent=0&amp;amp;level=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;docid=49070&amp;amp;sid=48&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;«Известно любопытным естеств взыскателем есть, что магнит камень силу свою, которою влеком есть к железу, окормляет, силою железа себе обложеннаго»&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;«запах влечёт мух / мухи, влекомые запахом»&lt;/strong&gt; (sounds more natural) and &lt;strong&gt;«интерес к искусству влечёт человека / человек, влекомый интересом к искусству»&lt;/strong&gt;. This meaning is again figurative, based on reinterpretation of the described phenomena as if there was some sort of virtual rope with which magnets, smells and interest in arts drag correspondingly iron particles, flies and men. Since attraction happens with agent and patient both being present, the phenomena are again compatible with present tense participle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="471" LastEditorUserId="471" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T18:26:52.227" LastActivityDate="2012-09-27T18:26:52.227" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="986" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-09-27T14:53:12.147" Score="15" ViewCount="2357" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the rule for changing the preposition &quot;в&quot; into &quot;во&quot;? I cannot think about any way to explain it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, semantically they seem to be perfectly identical:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(дежурить) во вторник, в среду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both forms can be used with the same word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(увидеть) во сне, (провалиться) в сон.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even phonetic conditions may be the same:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(пройти) во двор, (стучаться) в дверь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any ideas?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-09-27T14:59:00.560" LastActivityDate="2012-09-30T15:24:31.723" Title="Prepositions &quot;в&quot; and &quot;во&quot;" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="987" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="986" CreationDate="2012-09-27T16:47:00.517" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal et al., &lt;em&gt;Справочник по правописанию, &#xA;произношению, литературному редактированию, §199.9&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В условиях контекста возможны дублеты типа &lt;em&gt;в введении – во введении&lt;/em&gt;. Добавление гласного &lt;code&gt;-о&lt;/code&gt; к предлогу, состоящему из одного согласного звука или оканчивающемуся на согласный, наблюдается в ряде случаев:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;перед односложным словом, начинающимся со стечения согласных, с беглым гласным в корне, например: &lt;em&gt;во сне (ср.: в сновидениях), во рту (ср.: в ртутных испарениях), во льну (ср.: в льнотеребилках), ко мне (ср.: к мнимой величине)&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;часто после предлогов &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;с&lt;/em&gt;, если с этих же согласных начинается последующее стечение согласных, например: &lt;em&gt;во власти, во внушении, со слезами, со словами, со страху&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;в отдельных фразеологических выражениях, например: &lt;em&gt;во сто крат, изо всех сил, во главе войск, как кур во щи&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;в текстах, имеющих оттенок торжественности, например: &lt;em&gt;Во дни сомнений, во дни тягостных раздумий о судьбах моей родины... (Тургенев)&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;в сочетаниях официального стиля, например: &lt;em&gt;во избежание, во исполнение, во имя (перед начальным гласным слова).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Context may allow doublets like &lt;em&gt;в введении – во введении&lt;/em&gt;. The letter &lt;code&gt;-о&lt;/code&gt; is appended to a preposition consisting of (or ending with) a consonant in following cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;before a monosyllabic word with a fleeting vowel in the root, which starts with a consonant cluster, e. g. &lt;em&gt;во сне (cmp.: в сновидениях), во рту (cmp.: в ртутных испарениях), во льну (cmp.: в льнотеребилках), ко мне (cmp.: к мнимой величине)&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;often, after prepositions &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;с&lt;/em&gt;, if the following word starts with a consonant cluster with the same initial letter, e. g. &lt;em&gt;во власти, во внушении, со слезами, со словами, со страху&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;in established phraseologisms, e. g. &lt;em&gt;во сто крат, изо всех сил, во главе войск, как кур во щи&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;in sonorous discourse, e. g. &lt;em&gt;Во дни сомнений, во дни тягостных раздумий о судьбах моей родины... (Turgenev)&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;in official language phraseologisms, before an initial vowel, e. g. &lt;em&gt;во избежание, во исполнение, во имя&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since this preposition is clitical (phonetically dependent on the word it governs), &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; appears in places where historical &lt;code&gt;ъ&lt;/code&gt; would be in a strong position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-09-28T08:54:09.600" LastActivityDate="2012-09-28T08:54:09.600" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="988" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-09-28T13:03:09.620" Score="8" ViewCount="564" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &quot;дети бегают по магазину&quot; and &quot;дети бегают в магазине&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&#xA;If you are about to provide some examples in your answers, please, observe the following requests:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;consider only those examples that contain a motion verb (like прыгают, танцуют, летают, etc. - not the verbs like думают, мечтают, находятся, etc.);&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;avoid using unidirectional verbs (like бегут, плывут, летят, едут, несутся, etc.), use their multidirectional counterparts instead (бегают, плавают, летают, ездят, носятся, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the noun following the proposition &quot;в&quot; should be in the propositional case (&quot;ходим в &lt;em&gt;магазине&lt;/em&gt;&quot;), not in the accusative case (&quot;сходим в &lt;em&gt;магазин&lt;/em&gt;&quot;)     &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2012-09-30T14:28:29.880" LastActivityDate="2012-09-30T14:28:29.880" Title="What's the difference between &quot;дети бегают по магазину&quot; and &quot;дети бегают в магазине&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="989" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="988" CreationDate="2012-09-28T13:46:51.577" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal et al., &lt;em&gt;СППЛР, 199.3&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Смысловые различия находим внутри каждой из приводимых ниже пар:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;гулять в лесу – гулять по лесу&lt;/em&gt;: первое сочетание обозначает действие ограниченное (гулять можно на небольшом участке леса), а второе – действие разбросанное (в пределах названного пространства);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each of the following pairs exposes semantic differences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;гулять в лесу – гулять по лесу&lt;/em&gt;: the first phrase defines action confined in space (one can walk in a smaller part of the forest), the second one defining a scattered action (within the limits of the named enclosure)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This difference is more clear if we consider a spatially anisotropic object:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;идти на улице / идти по улице&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;плыть на реке / плыть по реке&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence may (or may not) suggest that you cross the street or the river, the second sentence strictly assumes that you move along the street or the river.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, which is more important, is that &lt;em&gt;по&lt;/em&gt; unequivocally makes the noun the direct object of the verb, while &lt;em&gt;в / на&lt;/em&gt; may imply an adverbial clause &lt;em&gt;будучи&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Спортсмены бегают в зале&lt;/em&gt; // The sportsmen are running in the gym&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Спортсмены бегают по залу&lt;/em&gt; // The sportsmen are running over the gym.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence may imply that they are, say, running on the treadmills, &lt;em&gt;while being&lt;/em&gt; in the gym.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second sentence cannot have this meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-09-28T19:19:44.680" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="988" CreationDate="2012-09-28T13:54:25.120" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure but I think there is no much difference. Although probably &quot;дети бегают в магазине&quot; is to say where the children are (in the shop), while &quot;дети бегают по магазину&quot; is more like to say what the children are doing (running) and, especially, doing something wrong or unpleasant. Like &quot;Я бегаю по магазину в поисках чего-либо&quot; means that I going round between shop desks to find something. Also &quot;не бегай по коридору&quot; would be used to stop a child from running at all, while &quot;не бегай в коридоре&quot; is better to ask a child to find another place than corridor for running in (like street or so on).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="338" LastActivityDate="2012-09-28T13:54:25.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="988" CreationDate="2012-09-28T15:05:04.257" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Use of &lt;em&gt;по&lt;/em&gt; assumes the importance, in the context, of the spatial extent of the place. &lt;em&gt;Быть в магазине&lt;/em&gt; simply means that a person is within a shop and nowhere else. The shop is considered a point in space. &lt;em&gt;Ходить по магазину&lt;/em&gt; assumes that the shop has some extent and one needs some time to traverse it. Compare also: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пожалуйста, сходи в магазин.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Давай пройдёмся по магазинам.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence emphasizes the way to the shop while the second one the process of shopping, being in the shops or going from one to another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2012-09-28T15:05:04.257" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="992" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="988" CreationDate="2012-09-28T17:41:37.120" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The two meanings are very close, with the &amp;quot;по&amp;quot; hinting at the randomness of the running, while the &amp;quot;в&amp;quot; stressing the location.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My translations of the two phrases to English would be as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kids are running inside the store. (&amp;quot;в магазине&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kids are running around the store. (&amp;quot;по магазину&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-09-28T17:41:37.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="993" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="995" CreationDate="2012-09-30T03:42:02.933" Score="8" ViewCount="351" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder how this usage of 2nd person verbs for 3rd person is called? Are these words still remain verbs or become &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/983/are-there-inflectives-in-russian&quot;&gt;inflective interjections&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;А он возьми да и прыгни.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Отвязав мешок, уронил его на землю, а он как завопи.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Григорян, вот он, засуетился, затрясся, потом как завопи, угрожая мне выдворением...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я и чуть расслабился - а зря, на светофоре это чудо вдруг как прыгни назад!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or this is a special grammatical voice, similar to &quot;сообрази он вовремя...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-09-30T15:00:53.460" Title="Why 2nd person verb form is used for 3rd person here?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="986" CreationDate="2012-09-30T04:26:12.973" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that you can use both preposition &quot;в&quot; and &quot;во&quot; with prepositional case while locative may mandate using &quot;во&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;мыши &lt;strong&gt;во&lt;/strong&gt; льну гнездо совьют (Locative, you cannot use &quot;в&quot; here)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в/во&lt;/strong&gt; льне много целлюлозы (Prepositional)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;во&lt;/strong&gt; сне я видел родной дом (Locative)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в/во&lt;/strong&gt; сне много пользы (Prepositional)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;я находился &lt;strong&gt;во&lt;/strong&gt; внушении (Locative)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;дело не &lt;strong&gt;в/во&lt;/strong&gt; внушении (Prepositional)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;этот участок - &lt;strong&gt;во&lt;/strong&gt; владении государства (Locative)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в/во&lt;/strong&gt; владении радоактивными материалами нет никакой опасности (Prepositional)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;гулять &lt;strong&gt;во&lt;/strong&gt; дворе (Locative)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;жить &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; дворе без газона (Prepositional)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;во&lt;/strong&gt; рту много зубов (Locative)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; (этом) рте она видела черты отца (Prepositional)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;во&lt;/strong&gt; главе страны стоит надежный человек (Locative)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; главе государства пробудилась жалось (Prepositional)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that preposition &quot;в&quot; can be used instead of &quot;во&quot; in ambiguous situations to empathize that the prepositional case is used rather than locative. Note that with some words you can only use &quot;в&quot; in any case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2012-09-30T15:24:31.723" LastActivityDate="2012-09-30T15:24:31.723" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="993" CreationDate="2012-09-30T07:14:43.493" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's the so called &lt;em&gt;прошедшее время мгновенно-произвольного действия&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vinogradov, &lt;em&gt;Русский язык&lt;/em&gt;, § 50:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Другая форма прошедшего времени, еще живая в стилях разговорной речи, но обычно не выделяемая грамматиками русского языка (за исключением синтаксиса А. А. Шахматова), относится к категории совершенного вида. Она не имеет ни родовых, ни числовых различий. Лица обозначаются аналитически — местоименными префиксами или в 3-м лице — также существительными. Эта форма прошедшего времени очень экспрессивна и по внешнему облику совпадает с формой повелительного наклонения единственного числа глаголов совершенного вида, но отличается от императивной формы особой интонацией неожиданности, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тот-то на старости лет да польстись на его богатства &lt;em&gt;(Островский, &amp;quot;Бедность не порок&amp;quot;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я шутить ведь не умею и вскочи ему на шею &lt;em&gt;(Ершов, &amp;quot;Конек-Горбунок&amp;quot;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another perfective past tense form still lives in colloquial speech but is not usually separated by Russian language grammatists (except Shakhmatov's studies). It varies neither in gender nor number. Person is expressed analytically (through pronominal prefixes) or, for the third persons, also through nouns. This very expressive form is identical in appearance to singular perfective imperative but unlike the latter conveys the meaning of suddenness. E.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тот-то на старости лет да польстись на его богатства &lt;em&gt;(Островский, &amp;quot;Бедность не порок&amp;quot;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я шутить ведь не умею и вскочи ему на шею &lt;em&gt;(Ершов, &amp;quot;Конек-Горбунок&amp;quot;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shakhmatov argued that both this form and verbial interjectives you mentioned in the other question have taken the function of old Slavic aorist (now extinct in Russian), being close to it phonetically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-09-30T13:05:07.310" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="996" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="998" CreationDate="2012-10-03T04:42:35.477" Score="12" ViewCount="305" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although запятая is a noun, its endings make it look like an adjective, so I presume that there is some implicit noun that запятая is modifying without ever being explicitly used (similar to столовая = столовая комната and кривая = кривая линия). What is that noun?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-10-03T11:20:30.340" LastActivityDate="2012-10-03T11:20:30.340" Title="What implicit noun does запятая modify?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="996" CreationDate="2012-10-03T08:08:08.747" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Word &lt;em&gt;запятая&lt;/em&gt; is derived from verb &lt;em&gt;запинаться&lt;/em&gt; as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;запинаться-(запинать)-(запять)-(запятóй*)-запятая&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  (Note that the words in parentheses do not exist in the modern Russian language.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, it is closer to an adverb rather than an adjective.  There is no implicit noun in this case, at least in the modern Russian language.  I wouldn't mind to be proven wrong though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a discussion about the etymology of word &lt;em&gt;запятая&lt;/em&gt; at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/forum/veche/53671/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-10-03T08:46:31.193" LastActivityDate="2012-10-03T08:46:31.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="996" CreationDate="2012-10-03T08:48:22.137" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a nominalized adjective (similar to forms &lt;em&gt;мороженое, жаркое&lt;/em&gt; etc.) derived from the CS word &lt;em&gt;запѧти&lt;/em&gt; (to stop). So &lt;em&gt;запятая&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;stopped&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most probably, it modified the word &lt;em&gt;боукы&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;буква&lt;/em&gt; in modern Russian, meaning &quot;letter&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian word &lt;em&gt;препинание&lt;/em&gt; (as in &lt;em&gt;знаки препинания&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;punctuation&quot;) derives from the same root.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike most CS and Russian linguistic terms, it's not a calque from a Latin or Greek term, which means the term appeared very early (late XV or early XVI). Zizany and Smotritsky both mention it in their grammars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-10-03T09:22:09.957" LastActivityDate="2012-10-03T09:22:09.957" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="999" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1000" CreationDate="2012-10-05T17:22:38.840" Score="6" ViewCount="852" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose one wishes to quote a Russian text, say, the following well-known one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Наука же говорит: возлюби, прежде всех, одного себя, ибо все на свете на личном интересе основано»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which way of the following (if any) would be correct to quote the author and work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt;. От романа «Преступление и наказаниe» Ф. Достоевского.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt;. Из романа «Преступление и наказаниe» Ф. Достоевского.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, the title of the novel is in genitive, as far as I know. Should I change the endings even though, perhaps, the title should be conserved original? What about the correctness of the following sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt;. Из/От «Преступление и наказаниe» Ф. Достоевского, моего любимого романа.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;D&lt;/strong&gt;. Из/От «Преступление и наказаниe» Ф. Достоевского, мой любимый роман.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-10-05T19:57:57.313" LastActivityDate="2013-01-06T19:14:05.863" Title="Preposition to quote: из or от (or none of them)" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;&lt;цитата&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="999" CreationDate="2012-10-05T18:04:32.530" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the above quotes, the correct preposition to use is &lt;em&gt;из&lt;/em&gt;. In general, you should use preposition &lt;em&gt;из&lt;/em&gt; when referring to a particular piece of literature:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Из&lt;/em&gt; романа «Преступление и наказаниe» Ф.Достоевского.&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Из&lt;/em&gt; «Преступления и наказания» Ф.Достоевского, моего любимого романа&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in the second quote the title of the novel should also be in genitive, and the endings should change accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use preposition &lt;em&gt;по&lt;/em&gt; when referring to an author without mentioning specific literary piece:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;По&lt;/em&gt; Ф. Достоевскому, что-то всегда происходит...&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  (Similarly) &lt;em&gt;По&lt;/em&gt; народным приметам, птицы летают низко перед дождем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Preposition &lt;em&gt;от&lt;/em&gt; in such context is used very rarely.  It is sometimes used when there are multiple source of the same/similar piece and you need to refer to a specific author, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Евангелие &lt;em&gt;от&lt;/em&gt; Матфея&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T12:48:12.063" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T12:48:12.063" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1001" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1002" CreationDate="2012-10-07T13:52:46.163" Score="8" ViewCount="1726" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a follow up to &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/819/do-these-surnames-imply-anything&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a Daniil Kharms short story:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ПЕТРОВ И КАМАРОВ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ПЕТРОВ:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Эй, Камаров!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Давай ловить комаров!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;КАМАРОВ:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Нет, я к этому еще не готов.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Давай лучше ловить котов!  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here since Petrov is teasing Kamarov, I expect, the &lt;code&gt;котов&lt;/code&gt; (cats, tomcats?) Kamarov's answer to be somehow related to &lt;code&gt;Петров&lt;/code&gt;. But I'm not able to find any relation in between (I cannot read Russian at all, I'm simply using some translation tools and dictionaries to dig the meanings).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone explain if there is an implied relation between the two?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="337" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T19:43:04.717" Title="котов and Петров" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1001" CreationDate="2012-10-07T14:11:13.113" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;code&gt;котов&lt;/code&gt; is related to &lt;code&gt;готов&lt;/code&gt;, not to &lt;code&gt;Петров&lt;/code&gt;. The sounds produced by &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt; are close to each other (that's a pair of voiced and unvoiced consonants), so the words sound similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastActivityDate="2012-10-07T14:11:13.113" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1003" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1004" CreationDate="2012-10-07T20:44:13.410" Score="6" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question arises from a tangential discussion in this one: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/999/preposition-to-quote-%D0%B8%D0%B7-or-%D0%BE%D1%82-or-none-of-them&quot;&gt;Preposition to quote: из or от (or none of them)&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Concerning the punctuation (comma, dash, brackets...), when does a subordinate clause acquires the same case of the noun it is refeering to? To get a more concrete idea, take as example some comments by @Yuri and @Quassnoi in the question above:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand if one uses brackets in the following sentece, the subordinate &lt;em&gt;мой любимый роман&lt;/em&gt; stays in nominative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Из «Преступления и наказания» Ф. Достоевского (мой любимый роман) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, instead, one uses a comma, the genitive is acquired by the subordinate sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Из «Преступления и наказания» Ф.Достоевского, моего любимого романа&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question: I was told, sometimes in Russian writing a dash, has the effect of an equal sign. How does these sentences look like if I use &lt;code&gt;-&lt;/code&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T10:44:54.433" Title="Inheriting cases / declension on appositions" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;пунктуация&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1003" CreationDate="2012-10-07T21:51:20.060" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;These sentences use different rhetorical figures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Из «Преступления и наказания» Ф. Достоевского (мой любимый роман)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenthesis_%28rhetoric%29&quot;&gt;parenthesis&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;em&gt;парентеза&lt;/em&gt;), or, being more exact, a kataploke (parenthesized exclamation). It's not connected grammatically to the main sentence and may be expressed as two independent sentences: &lt;em&gt;Из «Преступления и наказания» Ф. Достоевского. Это мой любимый роман.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one unequivocally requires parentheses, written with a dash, it would be ungrammatical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Из «Преступления и наказания» Ф. Достоевского, моего любимого романа&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one is an &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apposition&quot;&gt;apposition&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;em&gt;приложение&lt;/em&gt;). It's grammatically connected to the main sentence, and, hence, inherits the case of the noun it defines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one may be isolated (in order from least to most parenthetical) with a comma, em-dash (&lt;em&gt;тире&lt;/em&gt;) or parentheses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Comma is the most preferable way to do this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An em-dash could be used if you intend to make a long pause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Parentheses could be used to if you intend to make the clause to sound like a remark to a third person which, unlike the fist case, does not interrupt the flow of speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-10-08T08:49:18.393" LastActivityDate="2012-10-08T08:49:18.393" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1005" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1011" CreationDate="2012-10-08T16:51:01.570" Score="5" ViewCount="2223" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder what do constructions like &quot;иди работай&quot; mean? What is the kind of situation that one has in mind when one uses two verbs in imperative next to each other?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More precisely, &lt;strong&gt;is there any difference in meaning or usage between these three cases:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;two verbs in imperative&lt;/strong&gt;: Иди работай!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;an imperative with an infinitive&lt;/strong&gt;: Иди работать!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;two coordinated imperative verbs&lt;/strong&gt;: Иди и работай!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am trying to understand, whether 2. or 3. is closer to 1. In other words, is 1. the result of omitting the conjunction or is it some kind of unusual construction in the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-10-09T16:18:55.030" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T04:54:55.357" Title="&quot;иди работай&quot; vs. &quot;иди работать&quot; vs. &quot;иди и работай&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;imperative&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1006" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-10-08T21:46:13.473" Score="2" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Possible Duplicate:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/833/resources-for-learning-russian&quot;&gt;Resources for learning Russian&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am anxious to learn Russian. I am curious if is there is a popular textbook for student who are learning introduction to Russian ? What is the most popular method to learn it ? I am starting to learn a little bit about their Alphabet and their meaning. I took geography of the former Soviet Union when I was in college and learn about their geography relationship to the former country that was break up from the USSR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please advice me on which textbook is good to have and to learn ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="492" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-10-08T21:46:13.473" Title="Popular textbook for learning Russian?" Tags="&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2012-10-08T23:23:18.113" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1005" CreationDate="2012-10-09T00:12:42.753" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, let's analyze all three constructions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Two consecutive verbs, both in imperative mood.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A verb in imperative mood plus infinitive.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Two verbs in imperative mood separated by &lt;code&gt;and&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second form is actually a special case of composite predicate (составное сказуемое), which can consist in Russian of verb plus another verb in infinitive.&#xA;Compare &quot;идти работать&quot;/&quot;успеть долелать&quot; with &quot;иди работать!&quot; and &quot;успей доделать!&quot;. Or &quot;люби вкалывать&quot;. Or &quot;заканчивай ныть&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With such composite predicates the logical center is the first verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See, you can say &lt;code&gt;доделай&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;вкалывай&lt;/code&gt;, but you'll loose the meaning of composite predicate. &lt;code&gt;Ной&lt;/code&gt; is even more striking example, since it turns out to be an exact opposite of &quot;заканчивай ныть&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the verb &lt;code&gt;идти&lt;/code&gt; is different. It can be used very similar to that how the verbs &lt;code&gt;go&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;come&lt;/code&gt; are used in english imperatives. This is verb is kind of amplifier of whole imperative construction. Just like in English we can say &quot;Go and buy us some food&quot;, we actually mean that on should just buy food. Or &quot;Come find me&quot; which can be translated either like &quot;иди найди меня&quot; or just like &quot;найди меня&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To conclude: Second form  mean the same thing as first form and third one. Third form has a subtle  pathetic connotation in Russian (Compare &quot;иди и смотри&quot; and &quot;иди смотри&quot;). Coexistence of &quot;imperative + infinitive&quot; and &quot;impertative + imperative&quot; forms is due to ambivalence of &quot;идти&quot; which can be used both as part of composite predicate and as imperative amplifier (the last term is not strictly linguistic).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, in some languages there exists so called deferred action imperative (императив отложенного действия), which is expressed, among other forms, as two consecutive imperatives: one for first action and one for action which follows.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;As a rule of thumb: if you can insert &lt;code&gt;then&lt;/code&gt;, you can use first and third forms. &#xA;&quot;иди смотри&quot;/&quot;Сначала иди, и потом смотри&quot;, &quot;возьми и сделай&quot;/&quot;сначала возьми [соберись, приведи себя в порядок], а потом сделай&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've never heard term &quot;императив отложенного действия&quot; in context of Russian language, but, as for me, examples you've provided can be considered as some special form imperative &quot;specie&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-10-09T19:50:20.113" LastActivityDate="2012-10-09T19:50:20.113" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1008" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1009" CreationDate="2012-10-09T10:30:05.370" Score="8" ViewCount="1660" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the gender of the word &quot;рыба-кит&quot;? Should I say &quot;огромная рыба-кит&quot; or &quot;огромный рыба-кит&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, how should I change it if it is not in nominative case? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gramota.ru suggests that рыба-кит is not used in any other forms, but as a native speaker I could easily imagine a context like &quot;Богатырь победил рыб...-кит...&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-10-09T11:39:11.540" LastActivityDate="2012-11-10T11:13:31.630" Title="Gender and forms of &quot;рыба-кит&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;род&gt;&lt;composite-nouns&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1008" CreationDate="2012-10-09T11:38:53.567" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Feeling-based answer is: &lt;em&gt;рыба-кит&lt;/em&gt; is feminine and only the first part of the word is declined:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;рыба-кит&#xA;рыбы-кит&#xA;рыбе-кит&#xA;etc.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is in analogy with &lt;em&gt;меч-рыба&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2012-10-09T13:46:44.347" LastActivityDate="2012-10-09T13:46:44.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1005" CreationDate="2012-10-09T22:05:19.677" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is subtle difference between these phrases and the contexts where they can be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Иди работай! - means that one person wants another to work &lt;em&gt;right now&lt;/em&gt;. The work place still should be somewhere not in the same location where the phrase is said. It needs to involve at least two steps :-). You cannot say it to the person sitting at a next to you table if the work needs to be done at the same table. So it needs to involve some walking but emphasis here is on &lt;em&gt;do work now&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Иди работать! - here there is no stress on immediateness. It can be used in the same situation as the first phrase but most likely it can be said to a young adult by his parent. It will be in general meaning &quot;get the job&quot; to provide for yourself - not immediately (maybe next week). It also can be said in context where you expect immediate reaction but the first phrase will sound better in this situation. Иди работать more likely can be said by people who are already working and call to another person to join them while the first phrase is more likely to be said when you send somebody from your to a working place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) Иди и работай! - it can be said in the same context as the the first phrase but with even more emphasis on immediateness. It brings picture in my mind that the first phrase was said to a person, and he still does not understand, then the phrase 3) will be shouted to him. It kind of simplifies the grammatical construction, so that if a person does not understand 1) he must understand 3). 3) can also be used in completely different context (without shouting) when you give instructions to somebody to simultaneously be walking and be working. First two phrases cannot mean this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-10-09T23:47:14.583" LastActivityDate="2012-10-09T23:47:14.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1012" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1013" CreationDate="2012-10-10T13:58:17.253" Score="11" ViewCount="1997" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/news/2012/10/10/n_2565605.shtml&quot;&gt;Here is&lt;/a&gt; a quote from today news:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;На прошлой неделе выпал первый снег, и серые журавли, обитающие на&#xA;  Белом озере, сразу &lt;em&gt;поднялись на крыло и улетели&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, - рассказал&#xA;  представитель регионального управления Росприроднадзора, добавив, что&#xA;  птенцы стерхов не смогли полететь вместе с ними, так как, скорее&#xA;  всего, не успели полностью адаптироваться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is - what exactly does &quot;подняться на крыло&quot; mean and how does it differ from &quot;улетели&quot;? Is it an exact synonym for &quot;взлететь&quot; or there are some shifts in connotation/denotaion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2012-12-09T08:36:29.920" LastActivityDate="2016-04-09T20:05:45.987" Title="What does it mean - &quot;подняться на крыло&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1012" CreationDate="2012-10-10T15:07:55.713" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning of &lt;code&gt;подняться на крыло&lt;/code&gt; is closer to &lt;code&gt;взлететь&lt;/code&gt; (to take off) than to &lt;code&gt;улететь&lt;/code&gt; (to fly away). It makes sense to replace &lt;code&gt;взлететь&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code&gt;подняться на крыло&lt;/code&gt; in the phrase that you quoted to avoid perception of repetition: &lt;code&gt;сразу взлетели и улетели&lt;/code&gt; sounds repetitive, while &lt;code&gt;сразу поднялись на крыло и улетели&lt;/code&gt; does not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastActivityDate="2012-10-10T15:07:55.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1014" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1012" CreationDate="2012-10-10T16:10:03.980" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;подняться на крыло has two meanings, according to Большой словарь русских поговорок from &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru&quot;&gt;Academic&lt;/a&gt;. The first one is &quot;взлететь&quot; (and here it is equivalent to &quot;встать на крыло&quot;), the second one is &quot;начать летать&quot; (about nestlings).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples from Russian National Corpus:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;meaning:&#xA;Думал, что после длительного заточения птица, ослабев, не сможет взлететь, однако голубь на удивление бодро поднялся на крыло и упорхнул в синюю даль неба… &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;meaning:&#xA;Дома я внимательно осмотрел птенца, никаких видимых повреждений не обнаружил, и это вселило в меня надежду, что скоро он сможет подняться на крыло. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example it means &quot;взлететь&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T20:03:24.110" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T20:03:24.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1012" CreationDate="2012-10-10T17:08:49.867" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;From here, stripped:  &lt;a href=&quot;http://glossword.info/index.php/term/,6ea3ac6f59585f926e6b6a9a5aa4a459955c6bac6bb0a653535d54aa5db09a585957536862a9a66d6170986f69585aafaaac989f62a1ac6d616a98a75468a271695256.xhtml#&quot;&gt;http://glossword.info/index.php/term/,6ea3ac6f59585f926e6b6a9a5aa4a459955c6bac6bb0a653535d54aa5db09a585957536862a9a66d6170986f69585aafaaac989f62a1ac6d616a98a75468a271695256.xhtml#&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ВСТАВАТЬ НА КРЫЛО. ВСТАТЬ НА КРЫЛО. &#xA;  Начинать летать. О птенцах. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. 'to learn how to fly'. I will not be surprised, if it will be applied to birds temporary unable to fly, for example, because of feathers changing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Взлетать. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. 'to fly up'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Экспрес. Приобретать самостоятельность, независимость от других.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. 'to become self-sufficient' (loose translation)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastActivityDate="2012-10-10T17:08:49.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1016" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1018" CreationDate="2012-10-11T15:39:16.700" Score="8" ViewCount="1048" Body="&lt;p&gt;Words &quot;героизм&quot; and &quot;геройство&quot; look very alike, but I feel there is a difference between them. Moreover, this difference is not that subtle, it's just that I'm not able to define this difference strictly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone explain me how exactly those two words differ, when I should use first one and when - the second one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2013-12-04T05:19:34.023" Title="What is the difference between &quot;героизм&quot; and &quot;геройство&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1017" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1019" CreationDate="2012-10-11T19:03:10.693" Score="19" ViewCount="5030" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm very fond of A. Blok's poem bellow -- which, by the way, yesterday became 100 years old. My Russian is very limited, and this is&#xA;one of the little pieces I can &lt;em&gt;almost&lt;/em&gt; understand;&#xA;this &amp;quot;almost&amp;quot; here precisely stands for the current question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I kind of know the meaning of the separate words in &amp;quot;ледяная рябь канала&amp;quot;,&#xA;but I suspect I'm missing something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ночь, улица, фонарь, аптека,&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Бессмысленный и тусклый свет.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Живи ещё хоть четверть века —&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Всё будет так. Исхода нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Умрёшь — начнёшь опять сначала&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;И повторится всё, как встарь:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Ночь, ледяная рябь канала,&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Аптека, улица, фонарь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could somebody shed some light on this? Isn't there any hidden meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T17:27:36.383" Title="What does &quot;ледяная рябь канала&quot; mean, in Blok's famous poem?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="10" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1016" CreationDate="2012-10-11T19:13:31.387" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Until recently, the two were synonyms, however, now their meanings diverged a little.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Героизм&lt;/em&gt; is real heroic behavior or act, &lt;em&gt;геройство&lt;/em&gt; is showing off. The latter may also be used ironically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я уверен, что капитан Николай Гастелло проявил героизм, направив свой самолет (когда был подбит) в колонну немецких танков. &lt;em&gt;[Мозаика войны (2004) // «Наш современник», 2004.02.15]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Советский солдат умел смотреть в глаза смертельной опасности, проявляя боевую доблесть и героизм. &lt;em&gt;[Подвиг солдата и лесовода (2004) // «Лесное хозяйство», 2004.02.17]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что они далеко не всегда погибали. Геройство лишнее у нас не поощрялось. Так и произошло с моим двоюродным дедом, братом моего деда. &lt;em&gt;[Даниил Гранин. Зубр (1987)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сбивая ногтем пепел с цигарки, Кошевой сказал: ― Знаю я об твоих геройствах, слыхал. Много ты наших бойцов загубил, через это и не могу легко на тебя глядеть… &lt;em&gt;[М. А. Шолохов. Тихий Дон. Книга четвёртая (1928-1940)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-10-11T19:33:21.417" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1017" CreationDate="2012-10-11T19:16:43.633" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no hidden meaning in this phrase. &lt;code&gt;Ледяная&lt;/code&gt; means that water is cold, &lt;code&gt;рябь&lt;/code&gt; is used here for indicating that water is almost still, but nevertheless, water slightly flows, most probably, mainly because of wind. Most probably, this wind is cold as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's it)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2012-10-11T19:16:43.633" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1017" CreationDate="2012-10-11T19:26:22.623" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a metaphor, literally translated as &quot;icy ripple of the canal&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Blok was raised in Saint-Petersburg (then capital of Russia) with its numerous canals, so this metaphor conveys feel of a cold windy night in a large city.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-10-29T05:38:35.480" LastActivityDate="2012-10-29T05:38:35.480" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1016" CreationDate="2012-10-12T23:43:06.747" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Геройство still can be used in a positive meaning. For example in a phrase like &quot;Все-таки это было геройство с его стороны.&quot; it doesn't have negative connotation (to my ear). If it is qualified with additional words like &quot;никому ненужное&quot; or put in plural, it means &quot;showing off&quot;. I agree it is more likely to be used with negative attributive words than by its own. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand героизм has a stamp of official language (smell of propaganda). In everyday speech you would say &quot;он поступил по-геройски&quot; or maybe &quot;он поступил как герой&quot; but not &quot;он проявил героизм&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also героизм describes the class of events (generalizing many individual acts as one phenomenon) while геройство denotes usually an individual act.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2012-10-12T23:43:06.747" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1022" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1141" CreationDate="2012-10-13T10:19:49.917" Score="7" ViewCount="614" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand the phrase as metaphoric gates you want to enter but cannot:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Б. Гребенщиков, &quot;Дуй&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сколько ни стучись у этих пряничных ворот...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot find an origin of the phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user507" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T23:12:12.937" Title="Etymology of the phrase &quot;Пряничные ворота&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1022" CreationDate="2012-10-14T00:11:29.880" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are &lt;a href=&quot;http://maximsavchenko.com/http/Muzyka/Zapisi/2010/1/18_Grebensikov_B.B..html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;not the first&lt;/a&gt; person who've been puzzled with this phrase.&#xA;Going by the link provided you can find following quote (and quote in quote actually).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Непосредственное же упоминание пряничных ворот встречается у Степана&#xA;  Григорьевича Писахова, русского писателя и художника, (1879–1960). «К&#xA;  нам коли хороший человек поколотиться, мы пряничные ворота отворим, с&#xA;  поклоном принимаем, с упросом угощаем. Накормим, напоим, с собой&#xA;  запас дадим» говориться в его книге «Сказки». Последнее наиболее&#xA;  полное издание Писахова вышло в 1959 году.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not big proponent of above mentioned hypothesis. Moreover, I'm not sure we&#xA;should try to generate any kind of hypothesis here, and here's why. &#xA;The indisputable facts are following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пряничные ворота&lt;/code&gt; is a very rare phrase, which actual meaning is not clear (out of context) to the overwhelming majority of modern native speakers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A less known russian writer once mentioned this term in a novel which has been reprinted last time years and years ago. (The last claim in the quote is wrong, but actually yes, Pisakhov gets republished &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ozon.ru/?context=search&amp;amp;text=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%20%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;not that often&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There lives a prominent Russian singer, Boris Grebenshchikov (born in 1953), who is well known for his love to complex metaphors, complicated allusions and contrived, sometimes almost paradoxical language constructions. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Phrase &lt;code&gt;пряничный домик&lt;/code&gt; is relatively well known.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of common poetic methods is to take two (or more) different concepts and to combine them in order to produce new layers of meanings, to generate new perception experience. For example: &lt;code&gt;мусорный ветер&lt;/code&gt;. Or - &lt;code&gt;дом жёлтого сна&lt;/code&gt;. Or - &lt;code&gt;пряничные ворота&lt;/code&gt;))) And so on, and so on, and so on :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to conclude, it is very unlikely that this phrase is Grebenshchikov homage to Russian writer Pisakov, and it is very, very likely that he reinvented this phrase by himself. In Russian there is a term for to difficult and, especially, wasteless work - &lt;code&gt;неблагодарное дело&lt;/code&gt;. Believe me or not, in almost all cases trying to guess what something actually means in song lyrics is &quot;неблагодарное дело&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the meaning of the phrase, I, as well as you, believe that it is about gates to some place &quot;full of candies&quot;, a good, a nice place to be. You can find some other examples of usage of this very phrase, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Даже вопреки исторической логике. В одном амерском фильме 50-х даже&#xA;  Жанне Д'Арк удалось проскользнуть в пряничные ворота хэппи-энда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, once again, it is very rare, so, I guess, each time it had been reinvented independently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PS&lt;/strong&gt; I guess the best think you can do here - is to ask the author himself. Though there is no guarantee his answer won't be even more confusing ))) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-10-14T08:28:29.423" LastActivityDate="2012-10-14T08:28:29.423" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="873" CreationDate="2012-10-14T15:30:07.307" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a very interesting question. Thanks Olga!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the construction &quot;&lt;em&gt;Мой&lt;/em&gt; папа ...&quot; has a direct corresponding translation into English to &quot;&lt;em&gt;My&lt;/em&gt; father...&quot;, the second one is more specific to Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question slightly &quot;blurred&quot; by the fact that in both Russian phrases the verb is missing and understood. It would be the English verb &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt;. The meaning of the two phrases is also very similar. Apart from that grammatically phrases are very different. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first phrase is a simple (usual) sentence with a subject (my father), a verb (is), and the rest. The second phrase is an impersonal construction. The most direct correspondence to this in English will be &quot;&lt;em&gt;It is ...&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;em&gt;There is ...&lt;/em&gt;&quot; constructions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;A у нас в квартире газ. - And there is natural gas in our apartment.&#xA;У меня нет денег. - There is no money in my possession.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover (similar Russian construction in dative case):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Им этого не понять. - It is not possible to understand for them.&#xA;Ему этого не дано. - It is not given to him.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And finally, one more (and probably the biggest) complication is that &quot;у меня&quot;, &quot;у нас&quot;, &quot;у них&quot; does not have a direct correspondence in English. The direct meaning correspondence would be &quot;in my(our,their) world&quot; (including both internal and external worlds). Or in other words: &quot;In my current circumstances.&quot; Of course you will not translate it like this literally. Every time you will need to invent something more suitable for English like &quot;there is no money &lt;em&gt;in my possession&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Or just flip the phrase into ordinary sentence with personal subject, if other translations are completely ugly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;У меня папа в командировке.&#xA;There is no my dad in my world right now (absent on business trip). [Too ugly]&#xA;Or simply: My dad is absent on business trip. [Flipped to personal subject]&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in conclusion: It is just a coincidence that &lt;code&gt;Мой папа в командировке&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;У меня папа в командировке&lt;/code&gt; - are translated into the same phrase in English. For example: &lt;code&gt;У меня нет денег&lt;/code&gt; is not switchable to personal so easily (maybe: My money is absent :-)). The difference in the meaning is like in English phrases: &quot;It is sunny&quot; vs &quot;The sun is shining&quot;. In the first, you describe the situation as a whole in general (does not matter who acts, but it matters what mood it creates). In the second you describe the object and its action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-10-14T22:45:25.760" LastActivityDate="2012-10-14T22:45:25.760" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1025" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1026" CreationDate="2012-10-15T15:22:48.363" Score="2" ViewCount="1166" Body="&lt;p&gt;I started studying russian this year, I am able to read russian already but still have next to no vocabulary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either way, the other day I was playing Borderlands 2, and when I zoomed in with a sniper, I noticed there was a russian word on the scope, which was something like: убийства&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure about the &quot;убий&quot; part, while the rest not entirely, but somthing like that, which is &quot;ства&quot;... there is a chance that there was a &quot;ц&quot; on the middle though...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sorry if it is a vague question, but I tried searching for it but haven't found anything that I could use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="510" LastActivityDate="2012-10-15T15:39:00.313" Title="Need help with the meaning of a word: &quot;убийства&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2012-10-15T20:14:40.070" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1025" CreationDate="2012-10-15T15:38:12.013" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a plural form of the noun ¨убийство¨ which means &quot;a murder&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="511" LastActivityDate="2012-10-15T15:38:12.013" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1025" CreationDate="2012-10-15T15:39:00.313" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is the plural of &lt;a href=&quot;http://enru.dict.cc/?s=%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;убийство&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; meaning &lt;em&gt;murder&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2012-10-15T15:39:00.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1028" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1168" CreationDate="2012-10-16T12:40:25.710" Score="11" ViewCount="13871" Body="&lt;p&gt;Откуда пошло выражение (поговорка)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Война войной, а обед по расписанию &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="286" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-10-16T13:14:11.877" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T08:27:57.430" Title="&quot;Война войной, а обед по расписанию&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1030" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1033" CreationDate="2012-10-17T10:26:09.423" Score="4" ViewCount="18065" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose I want to write a book, where one of the characters is a simpleton without a proper education. This character needs to say &quot;чё?&quot; (&quot;чо?&quot;) instead of &quot;что?&quot;, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Твоя сестра умеет готовить минестроне?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Чё \ Чо за минестроне такое?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How should I spell it: &quot;чё&quot; or &quot;чо&quot;? And what are the rules that regulate the spelling in this case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: I do not want to portray any specific accent, I am simply asking, what vowel should I use if I want to follow the rules of the Russian orthography.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-07T13:50:05.313" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T13:50:05.313" Title="&quot;чё?&quot; or &quot;чо?&quot; - which is the correct spelling?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1030" CreationDate="2012-10-17T11:10:51.303" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%E0%ED%E0%EB%EE%E9&amp;amp;all=x&amp;amp;&amp;amp;lop=x&amp;amp;bts=x&amp;amp;zar=x&amp;amp;ag=x&amp;amp;ab=x&amp;amp;sin=x&amp;amp;lv=x&amp;amp;az=x&amp;amp;pe=x&amp;amp;word=%F7%E5&quot;&gt;According to gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt; (quoting «Русский орфографический словарь Российской академии наук». Отв. ред. В. В. Лопатин. © Электронная версия, «ГРАМОТА.РУ», 2001–2007.) - «чё» when used «вместо чего, при передаче прост. произношения».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand &quot;simpleton&quot; would be «проста-&lt;strong&gt;чо&lt;/strong&gt;-к». Why is that now?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While I'm at it, «чё» is not restricted to the speech of uneducated simpletons. In fact anyone pronouncing «Ты &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, сдурел?» as it is written is committing a stylistic blasphemy and contaminating proper spoken language with unwarranted literaturisms. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="471" LastActivityDate="2012-10-17T11:10:51.303" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1030" CreationDate="2012-10-17T14:03:47.173" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word is an attempt to write down a relaxed pronunciation of the neutral form &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;, and, as such, no strict rules can be applied, there is no &quot;correct&quot; spelling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The corpus seems to mention &lt;em&gt;чё&lt;/em&gt; more often than &lt;em&gt;чо&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;шо&lt;/em&gt; (531 / 135 / 153 entries in lowercase).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to use this spelling as a part of eye dialect, just make sure you reflect the character's assumed pronunciation correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most Russians pronounce soft &lt;em&gt;ч&lt;/em&gt;, that's why &lt;em&gt;чё&lt;/em&gt; is prevalent, however, &lt;em&gt;чо&lt;/em&gt; is used in some Eastern dialects (and is coherently used by, say, Shukshin) and &lt;em&gt;шо&lt;/em&gt; is used in Southern dialects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-10-17T14:03:47.173" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1030" CreationDate="2012-10-17T14:32:53.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It happened so that I have found the answer to my own question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct variant is &quot;чё&quot;, as others have already said, and here comes the rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1956 new spelling and punctuation rules were accepted by the USSR Office of Higher Education, Academy of Sciences, etc. The rules dictate that one of the cases when we write &quot;ё&quot;, although we pronounce &quot;о&quot; after &quot;ж&quot;, &quot;ч&quot;, &quot;ш&quot;, &quot;щ&quot; under stress is when the vowel in the stem alternates with &quot;е&quot;, as in &quot;чёрт (чертей)&quot;, &quot;чёрный (чернота)&quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that &quot;чё (чего)&quot; is regulated by the same rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rusyaz.ru/pr/og01.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.rusyaz.ru/pr/og01.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2012-10-17T14:32:53.897" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1034" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1037" CreationDate="2012-10-18T06:09:10.680" Score="9" ViewCount="18335" Body="&lt;p&gt;Кажется, что это совершенно взаимозаменяемые слова. Однако, очевидно, они имеют разные корни и, видимо, разные оттенки значений. Может быть, они передают разную степень влажности предмета? Или о вещи говорят &quot;мокрая&quot;, если её поверхность влажная, тогда как если сказать о ней &quot;сырая&quot;, это значило бы, что она пропитана влагой насквозь? Если да, то в какую категорию вписать слово &quot;влажный&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="441" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T11:14:57.143" Title="Чем отличается &quot;сырой&quot; от &quot;мокрый&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1035" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1034" CreationDate="2012-10-18T07:30:09.657" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эти слова передают степень влажности - со словом мокрый можно сопоставить степень &quot;полностью&quot;, а со словом сырой - &quot;слегка&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="500" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-10-18T08:20:45.587" LastActivityDate="2012-10-18T08:20:45.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1034" CreationDate="2012-10-18T08:40:09.443" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When meaning &quot;damp&quot;, &quot;wet&quot;, these words differ slightly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To describe an object wet due to being covered with water, you can only use &lt;em&gt;мокрый&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;мокрая кошка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;мокрый пол&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Сырой&lt;/em&gt; cannot be used here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To describe an object moist because of containing water, you can use both words: &lt;em&gt;сырой песок&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;мокрый песок&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;сырой луг&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;мокрый луг&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;сырое утро&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;мокрое утро&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;em&gt;Сырой пол&lt;/em&gt; does not mean a floor which had just been washed, but rather a floor permanently wet (because of a leak or something).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When meaning &quot;raw&quot;, &quot;uncooked&quot;, &quot;not ready&quot;, only &lt;em&gt;сырой&lt;/em&gt; can be used: &lt;em&gt;сырое мясо&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сырая картошка&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-10-18T08:40:09.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1037" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1034" CreationDate="2012-10-18T09:05:58.747" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main difference between these words, as has been mentioned in other answers is the level/amount of moisture in the object as well as whether the moisture is &lt;em&gt;outside on the object&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;inside as part of the object&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сырой&lt;/em&gt; means that the object contains moisture as part of it (either originally or by modifications) and is also used to reflect a small amount of moisture. For example, &lt;em&gt;сырой пол&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сырой воздух&lt;/em&gt;, and even &lt;em&gt;сырой пирог&lt;/em&gt; - in the latter example, although used as &lt;em&gt;undercooked&lt;/em&gt;, the origin of the meaning is the same: contains too much moisture to be ready, cooking more will get rid of it. The best English translation of it would be &lt;em&gt;damp&lt;/em&gt; (except for the &lt;em&gt;undercooked&lt;/em&gt; meaning).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мокрый&lt;/em&gt; means that the object is covered with moisture from the outside, but not necessarily wet through-and-through inside (although it can be). For example, &lt;em&gt;мокрая курица&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;мокрый пол&lt;/em&gt;.  The obvious translation into English is &lt;em&gt;wet&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Влажный&lt;/em&gt; is a smaller-scale version of &lt;em&gt;мокрый&lt;/em&gt;.  For example, &lt;em&gt;влажное полотенце&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;влажные руки&lt;/em&gt;. I'd say that the English equivalent is &lt;em&gt;moist&lt;/em&gt;.  Here the idea is that the moisture coming from the outside, not necessarily (but possibly) getting inside as well, yet there isn't enough moisture to make the object &lt;em&gt;wet&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;мокрым&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Overall, while there may be rare cases where these words can be interchangeable, usually they are not, as their meanings differ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-10-18T16:37:57.663" LastActivityDate="2012-10-18T16:37:57.663" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1038" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1039" CreationDate="2012-10-19T17:42:20.697" Score="7" ViewCount="477" Body="&lt;p&gt;By integer numbers the rule is more or less clear: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1,21,.. год,   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2,3,4,22,...года,  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5,6,...,19...лет.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How about decimal numbers? does one easily take the integer part of the number before the noun and decline accordingly? or do the decimal numbers have some influence in the case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2012-10-21T00:00:42.300" LastActivityDate="2012-10-21T00:00:42.300" Title="Declension after decimal numbers" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1038" CreationDate="2012-10-19T18:24:52.550" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;When reading decimal fractions you should pronounce nominal adjectives &lt;em&gt;целая&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;десятая&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;сотая&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;тысячная&lt;/em&gt; etc.) which define an implied noun &lt;em&gt;часть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This implied noun governs the object which hence should be in sg. gen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, &amp;quot;2.7 meters&amp;quot; would translate into Russian as &lt;em&gt;две целых семь десятых (частей) метра&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Written with numerals, it would be &lt;em&gt;2.7 метра&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And of course a Rosenthal quote (&lt;em&gt;СППЛР, § 164.8&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правильными являются конструкции &lt;em&gt;35,5 процента&lt;/em&gt; (не: &lt;em&gt;… процентов&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;12,6 километра&lt;/em&gt; (не: &lt;em&gt;… километров&lt;/em&gt;), т. е. при смешанном числе существительным управляет дробь, а не целое число.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Также: &lt;em&gt;45,0 (сорок пять и ноль десятых) секунды, 6 7/8 (шесть и семь восьмых) метра&lt;/em&gt; и т. п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-10-19T19:08:35.827" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1040" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-10-21T22:16:31.123" Score="3" ViewCount="1452" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please explain the difference between subjunctive and conditional. E.g., in other languages it is quite easy&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conditional:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I will not come with  you &lt;em&gt;unless&lt;/em&gt; you behave yourself.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  If you are creating a scene I am  not coming with you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Subjunctive:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I wish you were here&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I hoped he would have come&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please say it with examples as you always do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="521" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-10-22T08:46:42.293" LastActivityDate="2012-10-22T10:48:14.747" Title="Difference between subjunctive and conditional with examples" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1040" CreationDate="2012-10-22T09:51:31.003" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Predictive mood is expressed through future tense with optional addition of conjunction &lt;em&gt;если&lt;/em&gt; (or colloquial &lt;em&gt;ежели, коли&lt;/em&gt; etc.), for factual conditions (those in your examples, expressed in English through &amp;quot;if&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;unless&amp;quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не будешь хорошо себя вести — не пойду с тобой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если соберёшься устроить скандал, я с тобой не пойду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, or conjuction &lt;em&gt;пока&lt;/em&gt; for temporal conditions (expressed in English through &amp;quot;while&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;until&amp;quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пока не станешь себя хорошо вести, не пойду с тобой. // I won't go with you until you behave yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пока ты столько пьёшь, я с тобой не встречаюсь. // I'm not going with you while you are drinking so hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speculative mood is conveyed through past tense and particle &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt;, possibly prepended with conjunction &lt;em&gt;если&lt;/em&gt; (if in the beginning of the clause):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если бы ты хорошо себя вёл, я бы с тобой пошла // If you were behaving yourself, I would come with you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не собирался бы ты устроить скандал, я бы с тобой пошла. // If you were not going to create a scene, I would come with you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, or through conditional verb in imperative (and without &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я пошла бы с тобой, веди ты себя хорошо // Were you behaving yourself, I would come with you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не соберись ты устроить скандал, я бы с тобой пошла // Were you not going to create a scene, I would come with you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Optative mood is conveyed through optative clause starting with &lt;em&gt;чтобы&lt;/em&gt; and the verb in past tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хочу, чтобы ты была здесь // Wish you were here&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Volitive mood is conveyed through volitive clause staring with &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt; and the verb in future tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я надеялся, что он придёт // I hoped he would have come&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-10-22T10:48:14.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1043" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1044" CreationDate="2012-10-26T07:16:43.050" Score="11" ViewCount="8830" Body="&lt;p&gt;I thought it was &quot;борыня&quot; but was corrected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T23:40:16.480" Title="What is feminine form of &quot;борец&quot;?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1043" CreationDate="2012-10-26T08:24:55.940" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Борец&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;полководец&lt;/code&gt; as well аs &lt;code&gt;товарищ&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;инженер&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;министр&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;лидер&lt;/code&gt; (though colloqial &lt;code&gt;лидерша&lt;/code&gt; exists), &lt;code&gt;вождь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;лауреат&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;член&lt;/code&gt; and some other words do not have feminine form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not that easy, all you can do is just to remember such words, since other words wiсh belong to related context exists in feminine, e. g.: руководительница, приятельница, воительница, номинантка (de-facto way more acceptable than лауреатка), атаманша.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, in modern Russian, even if it existed such feminine form, it most probably would be &lt;code&gt;борчиха&lt;/code&gt; (compare to &lt;code&gt;пловец/пловчиха&lt;/code&gt;), but very unlikely it would be &lt;code&gt;борыня&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it worth to mention that some words in feminine form have slightly different meaning. &lt;code&gt;Офицерша&lt;/code&gt;, as well as &lt;code&gt;генеральша&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;капитанша&lt;/code&gt; are common terms for referencing women married to a member of armed force.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-10-26T08:32:30.073" LastActivityDate="2012-10-26T08:32:30.073" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1045" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1046" CreationDate="2012-10-26T10:10:40.303" Score="5" ViewCount="693" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Polish language in some combination containing prepositions, stress is moved from following word on the preposition - for example, &lt;strong&gt;na&lt;/strong&gt; nas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of days ago I've been thinking about this fact and suddenly realize that actually in Russian out of my head I can name following cases when stress is moved on the preposition (excuse me for obscene lexicon, think of following phrases from the heights of pure linguistics interest):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&amp;#x301; хуй&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&amp;#x301; фиг&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&amp;#x301; хрен&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&amp;#x301; кол&lt;/em&gt; (but &lt;em&gt;на ко&amp;#x301;л&lt;/em&gt; is also acceptable)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&amp;#x301; пол&lt;/em&gt; (but &lt;em&gt;на по&amp;#x301;л&lt;/em&gt; is also acceptable)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time, you can not say &lt;em&gt;н&amp;#x301;а вас, н&amp;#x301;а нас&lt;/em&gt;. At the same time, there is only one option in phrases &lt;em&gt;на хуя, на хрена&lt;/em&gt;, i.e. stressing the last syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It got even more complicated when I realize that, for native speaker phrase, once again, sorry for cursing, &lt;em&gt;На&amp;#x301; хуй ты уронил ящик на ху&amp;#x301;й?&lt;/em&gt; is totally valid, though situation described in phrase is quite unrealistic :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, my question is: When should I and when shouldn't I move stress to the preposition?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-10-30T08:20:57.197" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T05:29:46.610" Title="Cases when stress has to be moved to preposition" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1045" CreationDate="2012-10-26T11:22:06.030" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before XVI, it was a norm for nouns with accentual paradigm &lt;code&gt;c&lt;/code&gt; to shift the stress onto prepositions: &lt;em&gt;бе&amp;#x301;з мужа, о&amp;#x301; мирѣ, на&amp;#x301; гробъ&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the modern language, only some of those nouns still shift the stress (including those you mentioned, also &lt;em&gt;нос, голова, стена&lt;/em&gt; and several others); however, the rules are quite complex and not stable: for instance, both &lt;em&gt;за го&amp;#x301;лову&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;за&amp;#x301; голову&lt;/em&gt; are possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a whole chapter 3.48 in Zaliznyak's &lt;em&gt;От праславянской акцентуации к русской&lt;/em&gt; about this phenomenon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-10-26T11:22:06.030" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1047" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1048" CreationDate="2012-10-27T12:55:18.790" Score="3" ViewCount="2909" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know &lt;code&gt;четверть часа&lt;/code&gt; means 15 minutes, I suppose it figures into the answer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-12-15T18:22:06.263" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T18:22:06.263" Title="How do you say 15 minutes before 6" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1047" CreationDate="2012-10-27T13:14:47.503" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are the options (in order of frequency of use):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Без четверти шесть &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Без пятнадцати (минут) шесть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сорок пять минут шестого&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-11-04T08:17:20.460" LastActivityDate="2012-11-04T08:17:20.460" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1049" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1050" CreationDate="2012-10-29T00:26:09.910" Score="5" ViewCount="1425" Body="&lt;p&gt;Попалось на глаза вот такое предложение:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Должно пройти достаточно много времени, чтобы стать мастером.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я воспринял его как грамматически неправильное. Погуглив, нашел такое &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5#41&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;описание&lt;/a&gt; соответствующего грамматического явления: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Во многих типах придаточных предложений при союзе &lt;em&gt;чтобы&lt;/em&gt; инфинитив&#xA;  оформляет равносубъектные конструкции, в то время как прошедшее время&#xA;  чаще используется в разносубъектных. В&#xA;  придаточных предложениях при союзе &lt;em&gt;чтобы&lt;/em&gt;, таким образом, употребление&#xA;  сослагательного инфинитива диктуется не семантическими, а&#xA;  синтаксическими условиями:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(98) Старуха побежала к будке регулировщика, &lt;strong&gt;чтобы остановить&lt;/strong&gt; поезд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ср. употребление формы&#xA;  прошедшего времени в разносубъектной конструкции:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;(99) Старуха побежала к будке регулировщика, &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; он &lt;strong&gt;остановил&lt;/strong&gt; поезд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако я не понимаю, почему предложение начинает восприниматься как правильное, если перефразировать его следующим образом:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нужно достаточно много времени, чтобы стать мастером.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ведь конструкция по-прежнему разносубъектная. В чем же, с точки зрения грамматики, состоит разница между изначальным вариантом и переиначенным, делающая второй правильным?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="98" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-10-30T08:20:21.707" LastActivityDate="2012-10-30T08:20:21.707" Title="Сослагательный инфинитив при союзе &quot;чтобы&quot; и разносубъектные конструкции" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1049" CreationDate="2012-10-29T01:07:05.800" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это согласуется с правилом, которое Вы процитировали. В обоих придаточных предложениях в предложении «Нужно достаточно много времени, чтобы стать мастером» подразумевается один и тот же субъект: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мне&lt;/em&gt; нужно достаточно много времени, чтобы [&lt;em&gt;мне&lt;/em&gt;] стать мастером.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А в предложении «Должно пройти достаточно много времени, чтобы стать мастером» субъекты разные; нельзя сказать «Мне должно пройти достаточно много времени, чтобы [мне] стать мастером».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="222" LastActivityDate="2012-10-29T01:07:05.800" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1051" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1833" CreationDate="2012-10-29T19:41:49.623" Score="12" ViewCount="3618" Body="&lt;p&gt;So my question is whether I should use a soft sign at the end of &lt;em&gt;врач&lt;/em&gt; when I am referring to a woman doctor? It seems like in this case &lt;em&gt;врач&lt;/em&gt; becomes feminine and the same rule as for &lt;em&gt;ночь&lt;/em&gt; has to be used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-01-30T03:57:42.497" LastActivityDate="2013-01-30T03:57:42.497" Title="“Она врач” or “она врачь”?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1051" CreationDate="2012-10-29T20:19:37.140" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, you shouldn't. Moreover, it by all means incorrect. &#xA;There exist only colloquial &lt;code&gt;врачиха&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;докторша&lt;/code&gt;, but &quot;врачь&quot; is wrong and, as far as I know, never've been valid in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's like you've asked whether the feminine form of &lt;code&gt;мяч&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;мячь&lt;/code&gt; - the thing is &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1043/what-is-feminine-form-of-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86/1044&quot;&gt;not all nouns exist&lt;/a&gt; in feminine form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-10-29T20:19:37.140" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1053" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1051" CreationDate="2012-10-29T20:26:44.920" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case врач is an occupation, so it doesn't change it's gender and still remains  masculine (see &lt;em&gt;водитель&lt;/em&gt; (driver), &lt;em&gt;повар&lt;/em&gt; (cook)).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some (rare) cases of special feminine form of occupation (like &lt;em&gt;поэтесса&lt;/em&gt; (female) vs. &lt;em&gt;поэт&lt;/em&gt; ), but that's not it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, there's no need in soft sign. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="535" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T08:40:15.017" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T08:40:15.017" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1051" CreationDate="2012-10-29T20:40:00.587" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's true that the words that end with ь are usually feminine grammatical gender in Russian but it does not mean that adding ь at the end is a good way of creating woman profession name from the masculine gender profession name. For this there are other standard endings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I only remember one such usage with ь in a children's story tale. In this story the author used мыш instead of мышь for the name of a male mouse personage. It was mimicking children's language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For feminine of врач - врачиха can be used but only in an informal conversation. In more formal speech (more respectful) you do not have any other choice except using врач and show that it is she by using feminine ending of a verb (if it is the past tense), adjective, or use она nearby. For example: Врач Иваненко пришл*&lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt;* сегодня очень рано. Врач Иваненко очень компетентн*&lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt;* в этом вопросе. Врач сегодня не принимает, &lt;strong&gt;она&lt;/strong&gt; будет принимать завтра.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: OP is definitely not the first who thinks about such experimentation with Russian. Example: &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/tKPm-Cxz5w4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ночи без мягких знаков&lt;/a&gt;, глухие мужские ночи (Зимовье зверей). But it is more natural to remove ь (for fun) to make masculine from feminine than vice versa. When we make (for fun) feminine from masculine we usually add -а or -я ending (or some other ending that ends with a). Like мыша (stress on second syllable). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One example I could remember of going from masculine to feminine via -ь is лёд -&gt; наледь. But it is quite rare case not mentioning that it involves also adding prefix на- and changing ё to е. More often when you add -ь you get completely different word: вон - вонь, мол - моль. I guess the difference in sound is too small to be distinguishable enough, so the language did not accept such way of word creation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-12-06T21:49:21.097" LastActivityDate="2012-12-06T21:49:21.097" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1051" CreationDate="2012-10-30T00:26:34.470" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;врач&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87&quot;&gt;belongs to the second declension&lt;/a&gt;. Nouns of the first and second declension ending in sibilant are written without a soft sign.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastActivityDate="2012-10-30T00:26:34.470" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1058" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1059" CreationDate="2012-10-31T11:14:28.717" Score="4" ViewCount="1410" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian word for &lt;em&gt;to make someone laugh&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;рассмешить&lt;/em&gt;.  Is there a valid (related) word for &lt;em&gt;to make someone smile&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I sometimes see word &lt;em&gt;улыбнуть&lt;/em&gt;, however I believe it's a colloquial expression. Also, while &lt;em&gt;рассмешить&lt;/em&gt; (in past tense) can be used with masculine, feminine and neuter case (e.g. &lt;em&gt;он рассмешил весь отдел&lt;/em&gt;), every (rare) time I saw &lt;em&gt;улыбнуть&lt;/em&gt;, it was in neuter.  Just saying it out loud, &lt;em&gt;меня улыбнуло что-то в этой статье&lt;/em&gt; sounds better than &lt;em&gt;меня улыбнула эта статья&lt;/em&gt;.  Yet, both sound somewhat weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, does a word like that exist?  If yes, what is it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-10-31T12:16:10.847" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T10:53:43.710" Title="Рассмешить to смеяться is like (what?) to улыбаться?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1059" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1058" CreationDate="2012-10-31T12:37:57.353" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;em&gt;улыбнуть&lt;/em&gt; is a colloquial expression, which means that something was funny, but didn't quite make you laugh. It's currently a part of Internet argot. However, as one can conclude from Wikitionary, it has been around for a century at least.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To portray the meaning &quot;make someone smile&quot; you could use &lt;em&gt;развеселить&lt;/em&gt; &quot;bring one into a good mood, make one want to laugh&quot;, &lt;em&gt;порадовать&lt;/em&gt; &quot;make one feel glad&quot;, or &lt;em&gt;позабавить&lt;/em&gt; &quot;amuse&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also say &lt;em&gt;заставить улыбнуться&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;вызвать (у кого-либо) улыбку&lt;/em&gt;. In particular, &lt;em&gt;Эта статья вызвала у меня улыбку&lt;/em&gt; is a perfectly correct and natural Russian sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More examples from Rapr Oid:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Забавные прыжки мопса вокруг дерева вызвали у него улыбку. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Несмотря на его подавленное настроение, ее смех вызвал и в нем подобие улыбки.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Комичность манеры, в которой Франк процитировал Элли, заставила Дэна улыбнуться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T08:34:29.493" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T08:34:29.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1060" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1061" CreationDate="2012-10-31T18:19:05.530" Score="16" ViewCount="3998" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is sometimes the case that one attributes a second meaning to the colors, in poetry or just slang. It might be that this association is language-dependent (perhaps an exception is &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; connotation of &quot;green&quot; as environmentally friendly). Please provide an example, and if possible, the reason for this association.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the most common meanings attributed to colors in Russian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2012-11-02T18:13:43.713" LastActivityDate="2015-12-24T01:04:55.190" Title="On the meanings of the colors in Russian" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1060" CreationDate="2012-10-31T18:22:28.167" Score="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, let me try:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Серый&lt;/strong&gt; — boring, mediocre; semi-legal (&quot;серый рынок&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Красный&lt;/strong&gt; — (obsolete, but fully understandable nowadays by any native speaker), beautiful: &quot;Красная площадь&quot;, &quot;красна девица&quot;. Moreover, historically it is its first, original meaning, only later on did it become a color indication, displacing &lt;em&gt;червонный/червлённый&lt;/em&gt;; may also mean strong or exaggerated as in &quot;красное словцо&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Голубой&lt;/strong&gt; — male homosexual (&quot;голубая&quot; for lesbian is inappropriate); relaxed in &quot;голубые грёзы&quot;/&quot;голубая нега&quot; (something close to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dolce_far_niente&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;dolce far niente&lt;/a&gt;); (rapidly becoming historical) television in phrase &quot;голубой экран&quot;; (historical, not understandable nowadays) gendarmes, police in tzarist Russia, in phrase &quot;голубые штаны&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://folk-costume.com/goroxovyj-cvet/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;check out also&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;гороховое пальто&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Розовый&lt;/strong&gt; — in phrases like &quot;жизнь в розовых тонах&quot; or &quot;смотреть на мир сквозь розовые очки&quot; means rose-colored, (unduly) optimistic. &lt;em&gt;Розовая&lt;/em&gt; sometimes is used for indicating lesbianism, but, compared to &lt;em&gt;голубой&lt;/em&gt; is used much more rarer. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Зелёный&lt;/strong&gt; — greenhorn (&quot;ты ещё зелёный совсем, куда тебе&quot;); environment-friendly, ecologic (&quot;зелёные технологии&quot;); apathy, cheerless as in &quot;тоска зелёная (drowsy boredoom, depression)&quot;. One can also turn green from anger (&quot;позеленеть от злости&quot;). In the late Soviet time, the American dollars were called &quot;зелень&quot; (green stuff) or just &quot;зеленые&quot;. &quot;Зелёнка&quot; in military slang means woodland or dense thickets (in everyday use just Brilliant Green dye).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Белый&lt;/strong&gt; — (noun) I hate to say it, but it is heroin; legal (&quot;белый рынок&quot;, &quot;белая зарплата&quot;); &quot;белая ворона&quot; ironically, this can be translated as &quot;black sheep&quot;. &quot;Белая зависть&quot; (white envy) means that you are glad for someone, but also regret that you aren't like him/her, as opposed to &quot;черная зависть&quot; (black envy) when you are angry that the other person has something that you don't.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чёрный&lt;/strong&gt; — illegal (&quot;чёрный рынок&quot;); villainous (&quot;чёрное дело ты задумал&quot;); dreary (&quot;на душе черным-черно&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Жёлтый&lt;/strong&gt; — in the phrase &quot;жёлтая пресса&quot;, which is a calque of &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;yellow press&lt;/a&gt;&quot;; there is also derivative adjective &quot;желтушный&quot; and noun &quot;желтуха&quot; (&quot;Вся эта статья&amp;nbsp;— чистая желтуха&quot;). In the phrase &quot;желторотый птенец&quot;, it means a very unexperienced person.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Фиолетово&lt;/strong&gt; (as an adverb, not an adjective) — used to indicate indifference: &quot;Мне это абсолютно фиолетово&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Побагроветь&lt;/strong&gt; (verb, derivative from &quot;багровый&quot;) — to get furious, to get pissed off (&quot;Валерий Петрович побагровел от возмущения&quot;). Cf. also  &lt;em&gt;сделаться белым&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Серо-буро-малиновый&lt;/strong&gt; — colloquial description of a color that is hard to determine or that is a result of a strange medley of hues.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Political (ability to understand these depending on one's education and conversation context, although красные and белые are much more recognizable than others):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Красные&lt;/strong&gt; — communists.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Белые&lt;/strong&gt; — the White movement.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Коричневые&lt;/strong&gt; — fascists.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, an edit has been suggested to incorporate into this list the phrase &lt;em&gt;малиновый звон&lt;/em&gt;, but be warned, this &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;has nothing to do&lt;/a&gt; with the color &lt;em&gt;малиновый&lt;/em&gt;. Much rather, this is a phonetical coincidence, much like &lt;em&gt;Китай-город&lt;/em&gt; is by no means related to China.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="6452" LastEditDate="2015-12-24T01:04:55.190" LastActivityDate="2015-12-24T01:04:55.190" CommentCount="19" CommunityOwnedDate="2012-11-08T21:44:00.303" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1062" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1065" CreationDate="2012-11-01T22:49:50.370" Score="20" ViewCount="11163" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that these two words have the same meaning. The dictionary doesn't help much, it gives them as synonyms. Although the meaning of &quot;сейчас&quot; is more general and can refer to past events:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Мы сейчас смотрели фильм&quot; - We have just seen a movie,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in cases when they both refer to present events, they seem to mean the same:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я теперь работаю в Microsoft.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Я сейчас работаю в Microsoft.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference between сейчас and теперь in case when they refer to the present?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T17:52:38.613" LastActivityDate="2012-11-24T13:41:16.543" Title="What is the difference between &quot;теперь&quot; and &quot;сейчас&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="13" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1062" CreationDate="2012-11-02T03:35:18.400" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate both words as &lt;strong&gt;now&lt;/strong&gt;, and convey the distinction in their meaning by using a different tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;I work for Microsoft now. &lt;strong&gt;(теперь)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;I am working for Microsoft now. &lt;strong&gt;(сейчас)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An alternative &lt;strong&gt;these days&lt;/strong&gt; could be used in the first translation, but not in the second. The word &lt;strong&gt;теперь&lt;/strong&gt; implies a subtle link to past, while &lt;strong&gt;сейчас&lt;/strong&gt; does not. Compare the two following examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я теперь работаю.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;I work these days/now.&lt;/em&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я сейчас работаю.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;I am working (now).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first phrase implies that there has been a time in the past when I did not work, while the second phrase does not bear the same implication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-23T19:02:30.460" LastActivityDate="2012-11-23T19:02:30.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1064" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1062" CreationDate="2012-11-02T10:55:13.897" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;теперь&lt;/em&gt; is used to connect two sentences (one of which may be implied) and is close to conjunction, &lt;em&gt;сейчас&lt;/em&gt; is a stand-alone adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;теперь&lt;/em&gt; itself originated from Slavic &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;то прьво&lt;/em&gt; which means &quot;now that&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сейчас я пойду в магазин.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;I'll go to the shop now.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Теперь (когда я сделал другие дела) я пойду в магазин.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Now (that I'm done with the other tasks) I'll go to the shop.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-23T19:03:44.563" LastActivityDate="2012-11-23T19:03:44.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1062" CreationDate="2012-11-02T12:34:24.683" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;While both words mean &lt;em&gt;now&lt;/em&gt;, there is a more-than-slight difference in meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Теперь&lt;/em&gt; is used when you want to describe something that takes place from a particular point onwards, for example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;теперь это уже не важно&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  (now it's not important [any more])&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сейчас&lt;/em&gt; is used to describe a particular one point in time, without references of inferences to duration, for example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;сейчас я занят&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  right now I'm very busy&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a general rule, you can use &lt;em&gt;теперь&lt;/em&gt; whenever in English you could say &lt;em&gt;from point (x)&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;any more&lt;/em&gt;.  You can use &lt;em&gt;сейчас&lt;/em&gt; when in English you can say &lt;em&gt;right now&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-11-02T12:34:24.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1066" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1068" CreationDate="2012-11-03T05:01:06.343" Score="6" ViewCount="1215" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am somehow bemused by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/404/what-are-the-lesser-known-russian-cases&quot;&gt;sixteen cases&lt;/a&gt; of the Russian. On the other hand, I thought that there were only six kinds of declension. Perhaps these two facts are not contradictory, but the problem is that I am not aware of the difference between &lt;em&gt;case&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;declension&lt;/em&gt;. During my only Russian course, I was given some declension tables with 6+6 endings: six endings for nominative, genitive, dative, acusative, instrumental and prepositional, plus six from their plurals.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can some (hopefully all) of the 16 cases in the aforementioned question be grouped, as to obey one of the six common declensions? If so, which cases obey which declension rules? If not, I'm afraid that one has to learn a 16+16 table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T07:18:49.537" Title="Does &quot;case&quot; equal &quot;declension&quot;? 6 declensions for 16 cases?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1066" CreationDate="2012-11-03T10:12:14.987" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Case&lt;/strong&gt; is a certain form of the word which is required by its grammatical role in a certain sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance if you wanted to say &quot;I gave money to …&quot; (&lt;em&gt;я дал денег …&lt;/em&gt;) you would have to put the subject into dative, because it is required by the grammatical construction of the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are six traditionally recognized cases in Russian (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional) but some linguists describe up to 16 (as in the link you gave in your question). Not all words in Russian can form all of those, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Declension&lt;/strong&gt; (in narrow meaning) is a certain paradigm which defines how exactly a word is put into a certain case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are three commonly recognized declensions in Russian, plus several special cases (indeclinable nouns; ten words enging in &lt;em&gt;-мя&lt;/em&gt;; words &lt;em&gt;мать, дочь&lt;/em&gt;; words &lt;em&gt;небо, чудо&lt;/em&gt;; pronominal paradigms in words like &lt;em&gt;швартов, кабельтов, ничья&lt;/em&gt; etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So actually declensions and cases are rows and columns in a table which stores endings in its cells.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you want to say &quot;I gave money to dad&quot; in Russian, you look up the word &quot;dad&quot; in the dictionary and find it to be &lt;em&gt;папа&lt;/em&gt; (1st declension). As we said above this phrase requires the subject to be in dative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then you look up what's the sg. dative ending for 1st declension, find it to be &lt;em&gt;-e&lt;/em&gt; and say: &lt;em&gt;я дал денег пап&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-11-03T10:12:14.987" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1066" CreationDate="2012-11-03T11:04:35.720" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every element in a sentence occupies a role. Some languages signal that role with prepositions (Italian, Spanish), others with particles (Japanese) and others with cases (Russian for example). There might be other ways but let's stop here for the purpose of the question. In the sentence: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I write a letter with my pen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are 3 elements, other than the verb. The subject (I), the object (a letter) and another element (with my pen). This last one changes according to the language, even its name. In Russian it would be the instrumental (you use a tool to perform the action).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So these 3 elements are covered by &lt;strong&gt;cases&lt;/strong&gt;. The subject is usually the nominative case, the object is the accusative, and the last one, as I said above, is the instrumental. It says it itself: cases denote... &lt;em&gt;cases&lt;/em&gt;. How does a certain noun change in a certain &lt;em&gt;case&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Declension&lt;/strong&gt; is a somewhat ambiguous term. It can indicate any variation of nouns in terms of gender, number, case. But in your case (no pun intended) a declension is the noun going through the cases, as in &quot;how would noun X change in all the cases?&quot;. For example, the declension for the pronoun Я (I) would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nominative: я&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Genitive: меня&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dative: мне&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Accusative: меня&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Instrumental: мной, мною&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Prepositional: обо мне&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is what is intended for declension. It's the same that happens to verbs (1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; person, 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; person and so on), but in that case, we talk about &lt;strong&gt;conjugation&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2012-11-03T23:38:57.387" LastActivityDate="2012-11-03T23:38:57.387" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1060" CreationDate="2012-11-03T13:40:25.303" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Красный цвет&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;имеющий окраску красного цвета - &lt;em&gt;красная кровь, красная роза.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;связанный с советским прошлым  - &lt;em&gt;красный воин, красная гвардия&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;обозначает красивый, яркий, нарядный, чаще употребляется в поэзии и в разговорной речи - &lt;em&gt;красна девица, «Попрыгунья Стрекоза лето красное пропела» (Крылов).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="545" LastActivityDate="2012-11-03T13:40:25.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1066" CreationDate="2012-11-03T22:38:26.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Declension is a variant of how a word changes in different cases. Word of each declension has endings corresponding to all cases. Declension is a property of the word while the case depends on context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have to learn a table of size (number_of_declensions)x(number_of_cases)x(number_of_grammatical_numbers)=3x16x2=96 endings (although many of them may match)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The number of main declensions is 3 but there are words that do not belong to any of them and form their own declensions of a few words. You have to learn them all. But this is much easier than to learn irregular verbs in English whose list includes hundreds of words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2012-11-04T13:18:53.653" LastActivityDate="2012-11-04T13:18:53.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1072" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1078" CreationDate="2012-11-03T23:11:35.453" Score="3" ViewCount="1321" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am having a hard time with understanding why the word &quot;врач&quot; belongs to the second declension. The reason for that is that it's not obvious to me that the gender of врач is always masculine which is that subtle difference that keeps it from being a word of the third declension which implies different grammar rules. So my question is how do you people exactly know what the gender of a particular word is without looking it up in a dictionary?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-04T11:57:28.237" LastActivityDate="2012-11-05T16:30:12.367" Title="Is there a rule for figuring out the gender of a word?" Tags="&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1073" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1165" CreationDate="2012-11-03T23:43:43.130" Score="3" ViewCount="1050" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often see people here reasoning about what sounds colloquial to them and what doesn't which has its implications on the decision of someone who's asking for help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who defines what is colloquial and what isn't?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there an authority that maintains the Russian language standard?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T12:26:59.423" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T12:18:18.797" Title="Who decides which form of a word is colloquial and which one is not?" Tags="&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1074" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1072" CreationDate="2012-11-04T03:24:28.807" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Native speakers simply know from years of practice :). If you are learning the language you have to memorize the gender together with the word. This is just like memorizing German nouns together with the corresponding article that indicates its gender (der, die, or das).  Or like memorizing the forms of irregular English words (take, took, taken; stand, stood, stood).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are certainly patterns.  Nouns ending with a consonant are most often masculine.  Endings -о or -е usually mean &quot;neuter&quot;.  Endings -а, -я usually mean feminine.  But there are lots of exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2012-11-04T03:24:28.807" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1075" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1076" CreationDate="2012-11-04T14:23:15.790" Score="6" ViewCount="2370" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can someone explain to me in the simplest way when to use -ась, -ся, -ось?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically I'm confused in such context as &lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt; (some verb)-ending object&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should this -ending agree with my gender or gender of the object?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="177" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T12:49:46.180" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T12:49:46.180" Title="When to use verbs that end with -ась, -ся, -ось and have an argument in dative?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1075" CreationDate="2012-11-04T16:04:42.317" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I understood correctly what you mean, you are speaking about ergative-like constructions in Russian with logical subject in dative and logical object in nominative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is an explicit object in the sentence, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Мне осталась одна забава&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Ей шло это платье&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, then the verb agrees with the logical object (which is in nominative).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gramatically, &lt;em&gt;забава&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;платье&lt;/em&gt; are still subjects in these sentences, that's why the verb agrees with them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is no explicit logical object (and gramatical subject) then the verb agrees with the assumed logical object in sg. neuter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Мне показалось&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Ей было скучно&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-11-04T16:04:42.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1072" CreationDate="2012-11-04T21:55:40.170" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, I'd rather disagree with Dima. In most cases it is quite obvious to which gender the noun belongs. Here are some empiric rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Above-mentioned &lt;code&gt;-a&lt;/code&gt; and '-я' ending indicates that noun is most probably feminine. Exceptions are given names like Коля, Петя and so on. Also, there is a group of nouns (бремя, время, вымя, знамя, имя, племя, пламя/полымя, семя, стремя, темя) which are neuter. Also, there are some words which easily can be guessed to be masculine, because of their usage, like &lt;code&gt;дядя&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;батя&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;папа&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;дедушка&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;мальчишка&lt;/code&gt;. Also, &lt;code&gt;дитя&lt;/code&gt; is neuter.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nouns with &lt;code&gt;-й&lt;/code&gt; ending are most probably masculine. To be honest, I can not recall any exception.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most nouns with consonant (й is a consonant as well, its just that I can not recall any exclusion) endings are masculine.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Above-mentioned nouns with &lt;code&gt;-о/е/ё&lt;/code&gt; endings are likely to be neuter. Exceptions are some foreign words, which are usually masculine. The rule of thumb is following - if word is borrowing and it is indeclinable (&lt;code&gt;торнадо&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;фламинго&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;шимпанзе&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;кафе&lt;/code&gt;), it is probably masculine. By the way, the same rule holds for borrowing with &lt;code&gt;-и&lt;/code&gt; ending: &lt;code&gt;рефери&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;пони&lt;/code&gt; etc. Though, for some of such words there is a clear tendency to become neuter, the most known case is &lt;code&gt;кофе&lt;/code&gt;. Some of such words, like &lt;code&gt;радио&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;шоссе&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;безе&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;пальто&lt;/code&gt; are already neuter. It won't be too bold oversimplification if we claim that the words which are more common and widely used tend to be neuter. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;As for nouns with &lt;code&gt;-ль&lt;/code&gt; endings. Words &lt;code&gt;аэрозоль&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;бемоль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;водевиль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;квантиль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;квартиль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;пасквиль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;полироль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;рояль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;толь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;тюль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;эндшпиль&lt;/code&gt; are masculine. Words &lt;code&gt;антресоль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;вакуоль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;канифоль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;мозоль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;триоль&lt;/code&gt; are feminine. But no one will judge you hard if you confuse gender in these words, because these cases are not that obvious even for some native speakers. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Any noun with &lt;code&gt;-жь/шь/чь&lt;/code&gt;  ending is feminine if in Genitive it ends with &lt;code&gt;-и&lt;/code&gt; (мышь/мыши, степь/степи).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If noun is in some way derivative (in a very wide sense) for some other word, sometimes this give you a hint. For example, &lt;code&gt;домишко&lt;/code&gt; is related to &lt;code&gt;дом&lt;/code&gt;, so it is masculine. &lt;code&gt;Сулугуни&lt;/code&gt; is masculine since it a sort of cheese, and &lt;code&gt;cыр&lt;/code&gt; is  masculine, but &lt;code&gt;кольраби&lt;/code&gt; is feminine,  since it &lt;code&gt;капуста&lt;/code&gt;, as well as &lt;code&gt;салями&lt;/code&gt; is feminine since it is actually &lt;code&gt;колбаса&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;Авеню&lt;/code&gt; is associated with &lt;code&gt;улица&lt;/code&gt; and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Words like &lt;code&gt;сирота&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;бедолага&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;коллега&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;жадина&lt;/code&gt; can be treated in different contexts as feminine or masculine. That means that there is no such word like &lt;code&gt;сирот&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;коллег&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;жадин&lt;/code&gt;. To be more precise such words are some times called common gender nouns (слова общего рода). Such words, helas, should be memorized. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-11-04T22:15:39.553" LastActivityDate="2012-11-04T22:15:39.553" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1072" CreationDate="2012-11-04T22:06:02.353" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, nouns do not decline for gender and hence do not agree with other nouns. The phrases like &quot;она врач&quot;, &quot;он тряпка&quot;, &quot;он чудовище&quot; etc. are perfectly grammatical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grammatical gender is an immanent property of a Russian noun (unlike, say, adjective which in Russian does decline for gender).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is, however, an exception of so called common-gender nouns (&lt;em&gt;умница, душка&lt;/em&gt;) etc. which, though still not changing their form being objects, make the adjectives defining them agree with the subject. Compare: &lt;em&gt;он дикое животное / она дикое животное&lt;/em&gt; (the adjective agrees with the object), but &lt;em&gt;он большой умница / она большая умница&lt;/em&gt; (the adjective agrees with the subject). However, the subjects themselves do not change their form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's quite easy to tell the declension of a noun knowing its spelling and gender, however, the words ending in &lt;code&gt;-ь&lt;/code&gt; may belong both to declensions II and III and you need to know their gender to tell them apart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even native speakers of Russian may have problems finding gender of the words &lt;em&gt;лосось, тюль, шампунь, рояль&lt;/em&gt; etc. so you can find phrases like &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;&amp;#42;вкусная лосось, &amp;#42;&amp;#42;красивая тюль, &amp;#42;&amp;#42;дорогая шампунь&lt;/em&gt;. This is a problem for nouns ending in &lt;code&gt;-ь&lt;/code&gt; preceded by a non-sibilant consonant, though may still be a problem for words ending in a sibilant consonant too if you don't know correct spelling (&lt;em&gt;нож&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;дож&lt;/em&gt; are masculine while &lt;em&gt;рожь&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ложь&lt;/em&gt; are feminine).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;путь&lt;/em&gt;, being masculine, currently declines according to declension III in all cases except instrumental. Until recently, the word &lt;em&gt;день&lt;/em&gt; behaved the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This also may be a problem with declension I, however, masculine dec. I nouns are always animate and hence much easier to distinguish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, there are some masculine and neuter words ending in &lt;code&gt;-о&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-е&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-а&lt;/code&gt; constructed by adding the suffixes &lt;em&gt;-ко, -ище, -ина&lt;/em&gt; and similar to masculine and neuter roots: &lt;em&gt;умишко, человечище, доми&amp;#x301;на&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-11-04T22:18:52.817" LastActivityDate="2012-11-04T22:18:52.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1072" CreationDate="2012-11-05T16:30:12.367" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually even native speakers have difficulties with profession names like врач, инженер, академик etc. So they invent feminine gender for these words, which is not very simple in some cases: врачиха, инженерша. This is not correct, because in some cases these words already have different meaning (инженерша = жена инженера), but still they are used very often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2012-11-05T16:30:12.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="78" CreationDate="2012-11-05T20:34:16.097" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have the following impression:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;их&quot; is correct form (norm).&#xA;But in everyday speech one may want to insert jokes, special features. Then he will use &quot;ихние&quot; form. One can understand that this is incorrect wording, but use it anyway. Such behavior is called &quot;выпендриваться&quot; and usually is not accepted well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same pair are  &quot;звонИт&quot; и &quot;звОнит&quot;. The first form (with the stress on the second syllable) is literature norm, but second form sometime is used (and the second is formally incorrect).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="553" LastActivityDate="2012-11-05T20:34:16.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2" CreationDate="2012-11-06T07:06:59.347" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Использование &quot;привет&quot; абсолютно неадекватно при обращении к незнакомому человеку или к человеку с сильно отличающемся статусом. Но иностранцу это простят.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Форма &quot;здрасте&quot; - это сокращение от &quot;здравствуйте&quot;, её используют подростки, малограмотные люди, или просто в неформальной среде, я давно не слышал этого приветствия, сейчас все говорят &quot;привет&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Насчёт использования &quot;ты&quot;. Эту форму стоит использовать только в общении с членами семьи и очень близкими друзьями. Есть многие, кто не придерживается этого правила, но они могут восприниматься как хамы или высокомерные люди.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;разница между &quot;здраствуйте&quot; и &quot;здраствуй&quot;:&#xA;&quot;здраствуй&quot; подразумевает &quot;ты&quot; - ты - здраствуй, соответсвенно это редкая форма приветсвия, так как это комбинация формального приветствия с неформальным обращением на &quot;ты&quot;, а в случае обращение к незнакомому ещё и хамским.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;здраствуйте&quot; подразумевает обращение на &quot;вы&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вообще, интересно отметить что использование повсеместно &quot;ты&quot; в русском языке, особенно в интернете, пошло от ошибочного мнения что в англиском языке нету &quot;вы&quot; и там все общаются друг с другом на &quot;ты&quot; - &quot;you&quot;. Что конечно же ошибочно. Так как как раз имеет место прямо противоположная ситуация. Но в обществе где учителя обращаются к детям на &quot;ты&quot;, им сложно объяснять что в английском &quot;you&quot; это на самом деле аналог &quot;вы&quot;, а не &quot;ты&quot; - множественное число (&quot;You majesty&quot;, &quot;How are you?&quot;). Поэтому обычно учитиля англиского языка в обычных школах переводят &quot;you&quot; как &quot;ты&quot;. После чего те приходят в интернет и им кажется что в англиском все друг к другу неформальны, это в результате проникает и в обычный язык. Все айтишники поголовно используют ты в общении, в результате.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="558" LastEditorUserId="558" LastEditDate="2012-11-06T07:44:07.520" LastActivityDate="2012-11-06T07:44:07.520" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1075" CreationDate="2012-11-06T10:04:36.113" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Окончания -ось, -ась и -ся служат сокращением от подразумевающегося местоимения &quot;себя&quot; (в полной форме такая конструкция уже не используется и режет слух) и означают, что действие относится не к внешнему объекту, а к автору действия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Глаголы, употребляющиеся с этими окончаниями, но употребленные без них, требуют подчиненный объект для взаимодействия:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Рука изогнул*&lt;em&gt;ась&lt;/em&gt;* — рука приобрела некую кривую, изогнутую форму.&#xA;  Рука изогнула что-то — что-то было деформировано с помощью руки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выбор окончания зависит от рода и числа: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;дверь открыл*&lt;em&gt;ась&lt;/em&gt;* (женский род), компьютер выключил*&lt;em&gt;ся&lt;/em&gt;* (мужской&#xA;  род), время кончил*&lt;em&gt;ось&lt;/em&gt;* (средний род), мы/они раскаял*&lt;em&gt;ись&lt;/em&gt;*&#xA;  (множественное число)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В случае описания состояния действующий объект часто пропускается, однако подразумевается, что он среднего рода:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне показал*&lt;em&gt;ось&lt;/em&gt;*; Мне привидел*&lt;em&gt;ось&lt;/em&gt;* (нечто).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Простите за ответ на русском, но им я владею куда лучше, чем любым другим. Надеюсь, чтение этого ответа не затруднит вас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="561" LastActivityDate="2012-11-06T10:04:36.113" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1062" CreationDate="2012-11-06T10:21:02.263" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;В целом Aleks G правильно ответил, но &quot;сейчас&quot; не всегда означает &quot;в данный момент&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, в вопросе автора:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я теперь работаю в Майкрософт&quot; — акцентируется, что произошла смена работы, (раньше я работал в другой фирме, а теперь я работаю в Майкрософт)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я сейчас работаю в Майкрософт&quot; — нейтральное сообщение факта. Почти равносильно &quot;я работаю в Майкрософт&quot;, но уточняет, что когда-то были и другие работы, что этот процесс не длится всю жизнь, а относится именно к настоящему периоду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На практике &quot;теперь&quot; подразумевает некую новость, так можно сказать человеку, не знавшему о факте смены работы. А &quot;сейчас&quot; можно сказать всегда по отношению к текущей работе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="561" LastEditorUserId="561" LastEditDate="2012-11-06T10:43:04.760" LastActivityDate="2012-11-06T10:43:04.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1030" CreationDate="2012-11-06T10:33:07.590" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Обе формы являются сленговыми, разговорными. И обе они абсолютно равноправны.&#xA;Грамматически чуть более правильной выглядит &quot;чё&quot;, однако в силу вышеописанного, это несущественно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="561" LastActivityDate="2012-11-06T10:33:07.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="52" CreationDate="2012-11-06T22:34:40.187" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Про&lt;/code&gt; is more related to some facts while &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; is more descriptive:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты правильно сказал про русский язык.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This refers to a particular fact about Russian language probably referred in previous discussion. I would expect context of comparison with some other language here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты правильно сказал о русском языке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This refers to a general fact about Russian language. I would expect a pretty general sentence here, something like &quot;Russian language is very complex&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Я решил купить книги, про которые думал на прошлой неделе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that you were thinking about possibility to purchase these books. If you said &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; this would mean that you were thinking about the books in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) Почему ты спрашиваешь у меня про очки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again this sounds like you already discussed the glasses and this is continue of this topic. The topic is about a specific fact about the glasses. If you used &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; it would be a general fact about the glasses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;- Ты носишь очки?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  - Почему ты спрашиваешь меня про очки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;Дикари никогда не слышали об очках.  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4) Да, про это место я тоже читал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same: I read some specific facts about this place. If you read something general, then &lt;code&gt;Я читал об этом месте&lt;/code&gt; would be better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same logic can be applied to other examples above:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне говорили про тебя ужасные вещи. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The accent is on the facts the speaker heard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне говорили ужасные вещи о тебе. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The facts are not too important, the accent is on the person. This is more general sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="564" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2012-11-07T00:06:25.297" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T00:06:25.297" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="881" CreationDate="2012-11-07T00:35:15.807" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Иметь смысл&lt;/code&gt; - make sense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Да, это &lt;strong&gt;имеет смысл&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Имеет смысл&lt;/strong&gt; подумать об этом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="564" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T00:35:15.807" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="891" CreationDate="2012-11-07T11:21:59.293" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as i see brogrammer is brother+programmer. You cannot say it in one word in Russian. But you are welcome to create a neologism. Like a &quot;браграммист&quot; (брат+программист) or &quot;братанграммист&quot; (братан + программист), which is even better. &quot;Bro&quot; is more like &quot;братан&quot;, than &quot;брат&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="568" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-07T18:47:47.900" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T18:47:47.900" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="891" CreationDate="2012-11-07T11:39:40.127" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;браграммист и братанграммист будут не понятны русскому человеку. В нашем языке нет аналога слова brogrammer, однако в рунете широко распространено слово бро ( имеет тот же смысл, что и bro), так что если вы скажете &quot;брограммер&quot;, то скорее всего человек вас сможет понять. Но лучше всего сказать &quot;хороший программист&quot;, &quot;отличный программист&quot;, &quot;хороший программист&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;мачо-программист&quot; поймут как сексуально-активный программист, не используйте такое выражение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="572" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T11:39:40.127" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="891" CreationDate="2012-11-07T11:43:12.777" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть выражение &quot;погромист&quot;, но оно тоже скорее насмешливое, чем серьёзное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Русского аналога &quot;brogrammist&quot; боюсь что нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="574" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T11:43:12.777" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1030" CreationDate="2012-11-07T11:55:09.170" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This very question existence is due to phonetical differences. In Russian there is no such phoneme like &lt;code&gt;œ&lt;/code&gt; in French. The lack of phoneme in language, among other things, means that you can not provide a pair words in that language that will differ by that very phoneme. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nevertheless in some positions some of native speakers pronounce &lt;code&gt;чё&lt;/code&gt; (t͡ɕœ) and some of speakers pronounce it clearly like &lt;code&gt;чо&lt;/code&gt; (t͡ɕo). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T11:55:09.170" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="891" CreationDate="2012-11-07T12:01:33.767" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no Russian equivalent for the word 'brogrammer' since there is no exact equivalent for the word 'bro' (for definitions given at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=bro&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Urban Dictionary&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="569" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T12:01:33.767" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="448" CreationDate="2012-11-07T12:16:01.610" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Всё просто! Дырка это незначительная дыра, на которую можно не обращать внимание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В носке с дыркой можно ходить (если не видно), а вот в носке с дырой ходить уже нельзя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="572" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T12:16:01.610" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1017" CreationDate="2012-11-07T13:03:37.717" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Леденая рябь канала&quot; means that the water has already frozen with small waves. And it's blinking because of that on the light.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="582" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T13:03:37.717" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1105" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1163" CreationDate="2012-11-07T13:35:51.610" Score="24" ViewCount="6722" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the mechanics behind using &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; over &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt; or vice versa? What governs when they are interchangeable and when not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be perfectly clear: I have no problems simply using whichever sounds most natural in a given situation. So providing just a handful of examples won't do it for me; I can come up with a handful of examples myself. What I'm missing is the big picture; I'm not quite seeing a meaningful pattern. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that entire PhD theses have been written on the subject. So while I'm not asking for &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; level of detail, a comprehensive overview would be nice. And of course if you can actually cite or link to said theses or other papers to back up your points, that would be a major plus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt; so far surprisingly many people have stated things such as &quot;they are absolutely synonymous&quot;, &quot;drawing the line between them is unnesessary&quot;, and the like. This is simply not true; if it were, this question simply would not exist, and neither would the white papers I hinted at.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are situations in which &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; simply cannot be replaced with &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt;. If you can't think of them right now, that's fine; but please do not go ahead and claim they don't exist. As a simple experiment, I dare you to replace every single occurrence of &quot;не надо&quot; in your speech with a &quot;не нужно&quot;. See for yourself how much mental effort it will cost you, how long you can keep it up, and how strange it will make you sound. You might pass for an American spy with flying colors, but nobody will mistake you for a native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="153" LastEditorUserId="153" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T18:37:33.993" LastActivityDate="2018-04-16T12:43:44.257" Title="Usage patterns of &quot;надо&quot; vs. &quot;нужно&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;" AnswerCount="11" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1107" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1105" CreationDate="2012-11-07T13:45:02.383" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that the main distinction here is the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;надо&quot; is used to state external obligation, that is, when someone has to do something because there is a force outside that makes one do so: police and judges that enforce the law, social norms, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;нужно&quot; is used to express internal necessity, that is, when someone has to do something because one has an urge to do so, because one wants to ease the pain, or has something on one's conscience, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе надо успеть убраться раньше, чем придут гости.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Вам надо заплатить долг в течение месяца.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужно в туалет.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Мне нужно поговорить с ним, пока еще не слишком поздно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the general guideline when you decide which one to use. However, many native speakers may say &quot;нужно&quot; in a) and &quot;надо&quot; in b).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T13:45:02.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1075" CreationDate="2012-11-07T13:52:11.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне остался последний пирог (мужской род, Пирог - он)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне осталась последняя булочка (женский род, Булочка - она)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне осталось последнее пирожное (средний род, Пирожное - оно)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="572" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T13:52:11.903" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1105" CreationDate="2012-11-07T13:53:05.293" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those are almost 100% interchangeable synonyms, though there is a very-very subtle difference. Native speaker unconsciously will use one word instead of other and vice versa, but there are still cases when native speaker will clearly distinguish between these two forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The hint is hidden in the fact that phrase &lt;code&gt;надо бы&lt;/code&gt; is more appropriate and far more widely used than &lt;code&gt;нужно бы&lt;/code&gt;. Thus, &lt;code&gt;надо&lt;/code&gt; is less inevitable than &lt;code&gt;нужно&lt;/code&gt;. &#xA;When one says, for example, something like &quot;Ой, надо [бы], наверное в магазин сходить, ни молока ни масла&quot;, he or she actually is allowing the possibility that he won't go to shop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, phrase &quot;Нужно купить туалетной бумаги&quot; leaves us with less opportunities )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To continue to illustrate this issue: &quot;Надо подождать&quot; is less obligatory compare to &quot;нужно подождать&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;code&gt;надо&lt;/code&gt; is slightly more colloquial and, respectively,  &lt;code&gt;нужно&lt;/code&gt; is more formal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a famous quotation: &quot;Надо Федя, надо&quot;. It is very hard to imagine it existence in form: &quot;Нужно, Федя, нужно&quot;. It will sound too pathetic. In that sense &quot;нужно&quot; is closer to third synonym - &lt;code&gt;необходимо&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-11-07T14:14:47.120" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T14:14:47.120" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1043" CreationDate="2012-11-07T14:03:22.323" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best variant would be &lt;em&gt;женщина-борец&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="586" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T08:38:58.080" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T08:38:58.080" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1111" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2012-11-07T14:34:17.957" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-07T14:34:17.957" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T14:34:17.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1112" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2012-11-07T14:34:17.957" Score="0" Body="Questions about the expression of modality in Russian. A modal word or morpheme is a word \ morpheme that expresses permission, necessity, possibility." OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-07T14:34:17.957" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T14:34:17.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1043" CreationDate="2012-11-07T14:37:43.453" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильно говорить &quot;борец&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Борец Власова получила бронзовую медаль на олимпийских играх 2012&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно употреблять &quot;женщина-борец&quot;, если из контекста не понятно, что речь идёт о женщине. Но лучше всего избегать вообще таких случаев. Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Власова получила бронзовую медаль по борьбе среди женщин &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Многие профессии не имеют женского рода: &quot;инженер&quot;, &quot;анестезиолог&quot;, &quot;стоматолог&quot;, &quot;копирайтер&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="572" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T07:34:32.583" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T07:34:32.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1116" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1060" CreationDate="2012-11-07T16:07:20.853" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Синий&lt;/strong&gt; - drunk. &lt;em&gt;Синяк&lt;/em&gt; - drunkard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="596" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T16:07:20.853" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1060" CreationDate="2012-11-07T16:21:09.853" Score="5" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Серый&lt;/strong&gt; is also a policeman because of the uniform colour. It can be also a nick name for Sergey (Сергей) or a kind of pet name along with Серёжа.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Зеленые&lt;/strong&gt; - US$ (e.g. штука зеленых/зелени == 1000$)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="597" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-14T11:41:22.697" LastActivityDate="2012-11-14T11:41:22.697" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1075" CreationDate="2012-11-07T16:23:06.787" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am taking the information from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_verb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-ась for she &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  -ся  for he &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  -ось for it &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian there are no my_self, him_self it_self or her_self. This part is being appended to the end of a verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Man wounded himself - Мужчина порезался&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Woman wounded herself - Женщина порезалась&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Animal wounded itself - Животное порезалось&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="598" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T08:31:53.653" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T08:31:53.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1047" CreationDate="2012-11-07T16:30:35.113" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Без четверти шесть&lt;/em&gt;&quot; mentioned above is practically never used in Russian. Most people say &quot;&lt;em&gt;Без пятнадцати (минут) шесть&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;em&gt;пять сорок пять&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is they prefer to use digital watch-style notation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="600" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T16:30:35.113" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1122" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1047" CreationDate="2012-11-07T16:44:26.933" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would put it in another order:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Без пятнадцати (минут) шесть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Без четверти шесть &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сорок пять (минут) шестого&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, since digital clocks are everywhere right now, the following is being used quite often recently:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пять сорок пять&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;семнадцать сорок пять&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, these froms do not exactly match the original question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="602" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T16:44:26.933" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="52" CreationDate="2012-11-07T16:58:24.373" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think, that there is still small difference between usage of &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;про&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;To generalize:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I use &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt;, when describe some general properties of the object, or class of objects&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I use &lt;code&gt;про&lt;/code&gt; when speak about some action, incident, particular quality of the object. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be demonstrated on the examples, provided by the author:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;You wrote: &quot;Russian language is one, which is very difficult to study.&quot;&#xA;I answer: &quot;Ты правильно написал про русский язык.&quot;&#xA;You wrote: &quot;15% of people on earth speak russian language, which is also very beatiful&quot;&#xA;I answer: &quot;Ты правильно написал о русском языке.&quot;&#xA;&#xA;You ask: &quot;Have you ever worn glasses?&quot;&#xA;I answer: &quot;Почему ты спрашиваешь у меня про очки?&quot;&#xA;You ask: &quot;Do you know, where can I buy glasses?&quot;&#xA;I answer: &quot;Почему ты спрашиваешь меня об очках?&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="603" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T16:58:24.373" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1105" CreationDate="2012-11-07T18:54:35.837" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нужно&lt;/strong&gt; is more formal, &lt;strong&gt;надо&lt;/strong&gt; - is a colloquial word. They have the same meaning when we use them with verbs. But if we talk about the nouns, we shoud use &lt;em&gt;нужно/ нужна/ нужен.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Examples:&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе &lt;strong&gt;нужна&lt;/strong&gt; моя помощь. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(помощь - noun, feminine - ending &lt;em&gt;-а&lt;/em&gt;). We can't say Тебе &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; моя помощь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;нужен&lt;/strong&gt; этот учебник. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(учебник - noun, masculine - zero ending). We can't say Мне &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; этот учебник.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;нужно&lt;/strong&gt; солнце. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(солнце - noun, neuter - ending &lt;em&gt;-о&lt;/em&gt;). We can't say Мне &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; солнце.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="614" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-07T20:25:32.630" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T20:25:32.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1105" CreationDate="2012-11-07T19:44:25.467" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;What Olga said, plus, it depends on the form your parents used to used as an incentive for you to do something they would want you to - the perception of the field of usage of those two forms can vary then. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, I agree that &quot;надо&quot; sounds not only less formal, but also &#xA;as if it was connected with outer causes, rather then with your inner perception of need.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="619" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T08:35:16.293" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T08:35:16.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="194" CreationDate="2012-11-07T19:58:06.387" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Correct form: Я хочу чашку чаЮ, but if you want some tea you should say: Я хочу чаЯ. If you mention about quantity tea or cognac you should use form чаЮ or коньякУ, if you don't tell about how many tea or cognac you want, you should use form чаЯ/коньякА.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="624" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-14T15:38:44.110" LastActivityDate="2012-11-14T15:38:44.110" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1022" CreationDate="2012-11-07T21:38:57.777" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;пряничные ворота, это метафора. Означает открыть ворота в сладкую жизнь, где хочется жить и удовлетворен этой жизнью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="627" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T21:38:57.777" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1034" CreationDate="2012-11-07T21:43:58.580" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;дождь мокрый - степень влажности. хотя так говорить нельзя, но можно объяснить понятие влажности предмета.&#xA;Аналогично - туман сырой.&#xA;Но у слова &quot;сырой&quot; двойственное значение, его можно применять не только к пониманию определения степени влажности, но также к степени термической обработки какого либо продукта.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="627" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T21:43:58.580" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1051" CreationDate="2012-11-07T22:07:03.953" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Врачиха, только стилистически изображая способ выражения низшего класса или ругательски.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="632" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T22:07:03.953" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1034" CreationDate="2012-11-07T22:18:24.313" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;здесь нужно ещё учитывать аспект времени, мокрым что то может быть сейчас, а сырым продолжительное время, например: сырая комната или сырой (скорее прохладный) или влажный (скорее тёплый)климат&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="632" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T22:18:24.313" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1022" CreationDate="2012-11-07T23:12:12.937" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пряничные ворота&quot; - may be considered as gates to the &quot;Пряничный домик&quot; - in common fairy tales might be a good place, where the life is sweet. But... The Grimm's brothers' story about Hansel and Gretel interprets the &quot;Gingerbread house&quot; as a temptating, but deathly dangerous place. This meaning should be counted too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="635" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T23:12:12.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1034" CreationDate="2012-11-07T23:53:45.340" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Сырая вода' means 'not boiled', got from open water, and its drinking can cause illness.&#xA;'Сырое мясо' also means 'not prepared'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="637" LastActivityDate="2012-11-07T23:53:45.340" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23" CreationDate="2012-11-08T00:04:37.980" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;much more colloquial form is&#xA;'Меня прёт от моей новой работы'&#xA;or&#xA;'Я тащусь от своей новой работы', probably this is most closed form to 'I'm excited about my new job' but the later one rather could be heard from 30-40 years old persons, referring to their subcultural teenage slang, partially related to Soviet hippies. The use of this form is rare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="637" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T00:04:37.980" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="698" CreationDate="2012-11-08T00:19:32.140" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word is very interesting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ozhegov's dictionary marks it as obsolete in Russian language (This means its out of use BEFORE XX century) and it was mean pilgrim female.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Inside this context it has meaning of party or event, related to voyage or quest at 'saint places(locations)'. This word seen in Belorussian language as 'Пілігрымка' and derived from Polish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="637" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T00:19:32.140" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1034" CreationDate="2012-11-08T04:04:03.140" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово &quot;мокрый&quot; обычно употребляют, чтобы показать, что поверхность объекта покрыта водой, например: &quot;мокрый пол&quot; = &quot;wet floor&quot;. Иногда мокрым называют то, что пропитано водой, например, &quot;мокрое полотенце&quot; = &quot;wet towel&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово &quot;сырой&quot; могут употреблять в сходном значении. Например, &quot;сырой пол&quot; = &quot;мокрый пол&quot; = &quot;wet floor&quot;. Еще &quot;сырой&quot; говорят, когда хотят обозначить повышенную влажность в течение длительного времени. Например, &quot;сырой климат&quot; или &quot;сырой подвал&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Сырая стена&quot; скорее скажут, если это стена, пропитанная водой. Например, в затопленном подвале. &quot;Мокрая стена&quot; скажут про стену, которую только что забрызгали водой. Например, в ванной комнате.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чаще слово &quot;сырой&quot; говорят, чтобы обозначить недостаточную готовность продукта. &quot;Сырое мясо&quot; = &quot;raw meat&quot;. &quot;Сырой пирог&quot; = &quot;undercooked pie&quot;. &quot;Сырая вода&quot; = &quot;water which has not been boiled&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="646" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T04:04:03.140" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1017" CreationDate="2012-11-08T07:37:52.270" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ледяная&quot; means that the &lt;strong&gt;colour&lt;/strong&gt; of water is &quot;cold&quot; - it's dark. Not frozen, not lighting.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.ru/search?q=%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%8C%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;newwindow=1&amp;amp;safe=off&amp;amp;client=firefox-a&amp;amp;hs=8E3&amp;amp;rls=org.mozilla%3aru%3aofficial&amp;amp;prmd=imvns&amp;amp;source=lnms&amp;amp;tbm=isch&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=HWCbUO6pKsPi4QSSzIHoCA&amp;amp;ved=0CAoQ_AUoAQ&amp;amp;biw=1366&amp;amp;bih=641&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;рябь&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;so you can imagine dark, cold and deep river, to understand the phrase. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="655" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T07:37:52.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1105" CreationDate="2012-11-08T09:14:53.280" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use both words, they are absolutely synonymous. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;нужно&lt;/strong&gt; в туалет. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;надо&lt;/strong&gt; в туалет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе &lt;strong&gt;надо&lt;/strong&gt; успеть убраться раньше, чем придут гости.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе &lt;strong&gt;нужно&lt;/strong&gt; успеть убраться раньше, чем придут гости.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no difference between these phrases. Russian is not as exact as English, we use a lot of synonyms. )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And it's a mistake to think that either word is more formal. But I would advice you to use &lt;em&gt;необходимо&lt;/em&gt; in business correspondence, especially if you address your request to a partner. Because of implication: when you say smb. &lt;em&gt;тебе надо/нужно&lt;/em&gt;, you mean &quot;you &lt;strong&gt;must&lt;/strong&gt; do&quot;, and &lt;em&gt;тебе необходимо&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;you &lt;strong&gt;should&lt;/strong&gt; do&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Wrong: &lt;em&gt;Вам надо отправить мне счет.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Correct: &lt;em&gt;Вам необходимо отправить мне счет.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it's just common courtesy, not the language terms. =)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="655" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T09:23:14.307" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T09:23:14.307" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1017" CreationDate="2012-11-08T10:20:44.580" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess it looks like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IH0Yg.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the poem is about something like this: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/E7oq0.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="666" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T11:26:45.527" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T11:26:45.527" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1051" CreationDate="2012-11-08T10:46:21.630" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Она врач. Она генерал. Она сапёр.&lt;/em&gt; Some words in Russian do not have masculine / feminine form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, you can say &lt;em&gt;врачиха, генеральша, саперша&lt;/em&gt;. Though it &lt;em&gt;literally&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;жена врача, жена генерала, жена сапера&lt;/em&gt; (wife of ....), you will be understood correctly in most situations because many people use these words as female forms, not as a &quot;wife of ...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="668" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T11:02:02.183" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T11:02:02.183" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1058" CreationDate="2012-11-08T10:53:43.710" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Correct form of &lt;code&gt;Улыбаться&lt;/code&gt; (to smile) not used in this form literally. &#xA;&lt;code&gt;Улыбнуло&lt;/code&gt; - It made me smile&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Улыбнул&lt;/code&gt; - He made me smile&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correctly is&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Вызвал у меня улыбку, заставил меня улыбаться, подарил мне улыбку&lt;/code&gt;, or using simillar words like &lt;code&gt;рассмешил&lt;/code&gt; (more exciting version),&lt;code&gt;развеселил&lt;/code&gt; (less exciting version) which have this form literally.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Это меня развеселило&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Он меня рассмешил&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Улыбнуть&lt;/code&gt; is only for non-official usage, mostly internet&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="668" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T10:53:43.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1028" CreationDate="2012-11-08T11:21:35.063" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Фридрих Вильгельм I&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;(Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aforizm.info/author/fridrikh-vilgelm-I/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.aforizm.info/author/fridrikh-vilgelm-I/&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="675" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T11:41:24.183" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T11:41:24.183" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1163" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1105" CreationDate="2012-11-08T11:39:37.540" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I disagree with some answers that &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt; is more formal than &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt;. «&lt;em&gt;Надо&lt;/em&gt;» is widely used even in official public speech, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Владимир Путин: «Надо обратить внимание на требования тех, кто не смог победить» &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kp.ru/daily/25967/2905062/&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either word may sound formally or colloqially, and it depends on the context and the entire phrase. An example of an informal &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;нужно поспеть&lt;/em&gt;. An example of a formal &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;надо успеть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My choice of the word is mostly phonetical. Sometimes I prefer how &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; sounds, and dislike how &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt; sounds, and that's all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd also say that &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt; is more emotionally charged, it speaks about personal need, and &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; is more neutral. For me the reason is that &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt; associates with a noun «&lt;em&gt;нужда&lt;/em&gt;» (poverty, not a good thing; coincidentally, it is the word used colloquially to express the need to urinate/defecate; and only then it is need in general). &lt;em&gt;Надо&lt;/em&gt; associates with «&lt;em&gt;надобность&lt;/em&gt;» (which is just a necessity; the word is slightly bookish). So I feel that, while generally &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt; are interchangeable, &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; is more neutral emotionally. If I wanted to be really formal, I'd use &lt;em&gt;необходимо&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, I am not a linguist, it is just my layman's opinion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="669" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T11:39:37.540" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1073" CreationDate="2012-11-08T13:15:01.540" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, there is no &lt;em&gt;de facto&lt;/em&gt; authority over the language. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruslang.ru/agens.php?id=aims&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Institute of Russian Language&lt;/a&gt; is just a research institution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Update&lt;/em&gt;: As pointed out by @Kira, in &lt;a href=&quot;http://docs.pravo.ru/document/view/1470/?search_query=%E2%84%9653-%D0%A4%D0%97+2005&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the federal law #53-ФЗ has been passed in 2005&lt;/a&gt;. It states that the Russian Goverment may decide on the precedure to define norms and rules of the modern language for use &lt;em&gt;as a state language&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;1.3. Порядок утверждения норм современного русского литературного языка при его использовании в качестве государственного языка Российской Федерации, правил русской орфографии и пунктуации определяется Правительством Российской Федерации&lt;/em&gt;). In 2006, the Goverment has issued &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rg.ru/2006/11/29/russkij-dok.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a decree #714&lt;/a&gt;, and made the Ministry of Education and Science responsible for creating a list of officially approved dictionaries, grammar compendia, and rules of orthography and punctuation. As of today I cannot find any trace of existence of such a list. Probably it is not ready yet. Even if this list exists, it doesn't cover all the other uses of the language (like personal and business communication, literature, spoken language etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So there is (still) no single language standard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While there is no single standard, there are many academically recognized publications, which we deem authoritative. Their authors are usually groups of well-known linguists. Newer publications are to be preferred, particularly if you want to learn about modern use of a word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To learn if a word is colloqial or not, you may just check the dictionary. Many of them are available online. Consider using&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Яндекс-словари&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;dic.academic.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;www.gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Colloquial words tend to be labeled as &lt;em&gt;разг.&lt;/em&gt; (разговорное, spoken), &lt;em&gt;жарг.&lt;/em&gt; (жаргон, slang), or &lt;em&gt;прост.&lt;/em&gt; (просторечное, uneducated). Sometimes colloquial words become mainstream, so prefer newer dictionaries to judge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also free state-supported services which can answer questions about the language:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;online at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;www.gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;by phone, see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruslang.ru/agens.php?id=sprav&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Справочная служба русского языка&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="669" LastEditorUserId="669" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T10:14:14.090" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T10:14:14.090" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1073" CreationDate="2012-11-08T16:53:45.323" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As from my experience and knowledge, there is institution, which regulates standarts of the Russian language. The rules of the Russian literary language are established by the Russian government.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is quotation from the federal state #53:&quot;Порядок утверждения норм современного русского литературного языка при его использовании в качестве государственного языка Российской Федерации, правил русской орфографии и пунктуации определяется Правительством Российской Федерации.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surely the government asks for assistance groups of linguists, historians of the Russian language, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the new rule appear, it'll appear first of all in Mass Media, then the corrections will be applied in new dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="696" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T16:53:45.323" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1028" CreationDate="2012-11-08T17:03:02.120" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эту фразу произнес великий русский актер Леонид Броневой в фильме &quot;Тот самый Мюнхгаузен&quot;.&#xA;Броневой играл в этом прекрасном фильме роль герцога — курфюрста Ганновера.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="702" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T17:03:02.120" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1043" CreationDate="2012-11-08T17:41:13.503" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Борчиха (борчихи - мн.ч.) - common, not literatural form. Classical Russian don't contains female form for борец. This profession assosiates with a male only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="719" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T17:41:13.503" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1073" CreationDate="2012-11-08T17:42:37.813" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is absolutely informal matter. It's only about culture, education, good breeding, informal norms and rules shared by society. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="720" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T17:42:37.813" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="52" CreationDate="2012-11-08T18:09:43.780" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ooohhh! &#xA;Thats easy!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;про мяч ( &lt;strong&gt;мяч&lt;/strong&gt; is form of &lt;strong&gt;мяч&lt;/strong&gt; of Accusative grammatical case) &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accusative_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accusative_case&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;о мяче ( &lt;strong&gt;мяче&lt;/strong&gt; is form of &lt;strong&gt;мяч&lt;/strong&gt; of Prepositional grammatical case) &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepositional_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepositional_case&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and few more examples&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;про стул*&lt;em&gt;_&lt;/em&gt;* &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;о стул*&lt;em&gt;Е&lt;/em&gt;*&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="727" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T18:09:43.780" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="194" CreationDate="2012-11-08T18:30:02.033" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Используйте окончание -я в любой ситуации, ошибки не будет.&#xA;Окончание -ю можно считать устаревшим, встречается в литературе до 70-ходов XX века или как ироничное в разговорной речи, при имитации речи жителя дореволюционной России, например, &lt;em&gt;&quot;А не испить ли нам чаю?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То же самое касается &lt;em&gt;коньяк-а&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;коньяк-у&lt;/em&gt;, используйте родительный падеж и не ошибётесь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="729" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T18:30:02.033" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1105" CreationDate="2012-11-08T18:38:53.540" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;RegDwight,&#xA;Use &quot;нужно&quot; in those situations when you want to seem &#xA;1)more polite, &#xA;2)more educated, &#xA;3)more accurate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Use &quot;надо&quot; if you want to seem&#xA;1)more relaxed&#xA;2)more down to earth&#xA;or&#xA;3) when it sounds better&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="730" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T18:38:53.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1043" CreationDate="2012-11-08T18:48:33.557" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;борчиха (yes, it sounds awful) and&#xA;пловчиха (female swimmer)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="730" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T18:48:33.557" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1105" CreationDate="2012-11-08T19:01:53.107" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Though &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; seems to prevail, I don't really see a difference between them used alone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Out of curiosity, I've just run a search against the corpus for &lt;em&gt;не надо&lt;/em&gt; and, going as far as page 12, haven't found a single example where &lt;em&gt;не нужно&lt;/em&gt; would not be able to replace it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some differences in idioms and compound expressions though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;надо бы&lt;/em&gt; is used more commonly than &lt;em&gt;нужно бы&lt;/em&gt;, though the latter is also widely used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Graphs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/ngram.xml?mode=main&amp;amp;t1=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE&amp;amp;t2=%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE&amp;amp;start=1800&amp;amp;end=2010&amp;amp;smoothing=3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/frINu.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/ngram.xml?mode=main&amp;amp;t1=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%C2%A0%D0%B1%D1%8B&amp;amp;t2=%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%C2%A0%D0%B1%D1%8B&amp;amp;start=1800&amp;amp;end=2010&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;query=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%C2%A0%D0%B1%D1%8B,%C2%A0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%C2%A0%D0%B1%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;надо бы&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;нужно бы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sipsp.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An interjection &lt;em&gt;надо же!&lt;/em&gt; does not have an analog with &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt;, though it's possible as an adverbial:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И надо же было, чтобы в эту минуту на улице из-за угла показался на велосипеде Мишка Яковлев. &lt;em&gt;[Валерий Медведев. Баранкин, будь человеком! (1957)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;… И нужно же было, чтобы именно в этот день с Крайнего Севера прилетел Северный Ветер! &lt;em&gt;[В. А. Каверин. Много хороших людей и один завистник (1962)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T19:17:16.110" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T19:17:16.110" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1001" CreationDate="2012-11-08T19:09:48.177" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;sorry for my very bad english but i try to expalin you humor of this. I'ts easy. Here We have simple game of words - 1) КАМАРОВ(last name Kamarov, based on word КОМАР - Mosquit) - кОмаров (mosquitos) &#xA;and 2) готов (i'm ready) - котов(cats). Just game of words, no hidden meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="740" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T19:09:48.177" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1034" CreationDate="2012-11-08T19:20:49.567" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;На самом деле разница интуитивна в каждой конкретной ситуации. Сочетания слов нужно запоминать. В дополнение к ответам выше можно сказать:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мокрый - применяется там, где был процесс намокания, т. е. мокрое - не нормальное, а приобретенное состояние объекта. Например мокрая обувь, мокрое белье, еще говорят мокнуть под дождем, мокрый пол.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сырой - состояние объекта (не приобретенное, а естественное) или процесс, но очень медленный: сырая древесина, сырая говядина, на улице сыро. Или второй вариант - отсыреть (долго находиться под воздействием влаги и потерять полезные свойства)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="743" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T19:20:49.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1001" CreationDate="2012-11-08T19:32:42.377" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Vasily Petrov-Komarov - the first authentic Soviet serial maniac, handled in Moscow in the period 1921-1923. His victims included 33 men.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All  his crimes committed on one scenario: meet with a client who wanted to buy a particular product, invited to his house, then killed with a hammer, and then packaged in a sack and carefully concealed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The cat in the sack :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="745" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T19:32:42.377" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1012" CreationDate="2012-11-08T19:51:47.613" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подняться на крыло - приобрести способность летать. Если птица поднялась на крыло - птенец уже научился летать. Самолет поднялся на крыло - новая конструкция самолета разработана до той стадии, что пробный образец самолета уже летает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="750" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T19:51:47.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1012" CreationDate="2012-11-08T20:36:16.833" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an idiom that corresponds to &quot;take wing&quot; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="763" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T20:36:16.833" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1199" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1045" CreationDate="2012-11-08T21:42:59.103" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;В таких выражениях ударение на предлог ставится из-за того, что они образуют устойчивые выражения и постепенно превращаются в наречия. Например, в приведённой выше фразе про ящик я бы, как носитель языка, написал скорее так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нахуй ты уронил ящик на хуй?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хотя ваш вариант тоже правильный, просто тут нет устоявшихся норм языка из-за того, что данное выражение табуировано.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть все эти случаи - это исключения, в которых ударение закрепилось на предлоге из-за того, что предлог со словом образуют устойчивую конструкцию с особым значением и, в большей или меньшей степени, готовы образовать наречие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из примеров могу ещё припомнить такие выражения, в которых допустимо ударение на предлог &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;на́ день&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;на́ год&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;на́ борт&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="779" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T05:29:46.610" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="914" CreationDate="2012-11-08T21:50:39.067" Score="10" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Знал(а) бы, где упаду - подстелил(а) бы соломку (&lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt; соломки).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Literally: If I knew where I would fall, I'd spread some straw there)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The form without (a) is male, the form with (a) is female.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="776" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T21:50:39.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="766" CreationDate="2012-11-08T21:55:43.390" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think both variants are colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct form would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Церковь многих не одобряет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Translation: The Church disapproves of many [people].&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Церковь много чего не одобряет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Translation: The Church disapproves of many [things].&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;though in the second case, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Церковь многое не одобряет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would also be a better grammar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="776" LastEditorUserId="776" LastEditDate="2012-11-08T22:02:32.750" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T22:02:32.750" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2" CreationDate="2012-11-08T22:20:05.900" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Привет&quot; is a short form for &quot;Приветствую&quot; and means &quot;Greeting!&quot;. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Здравствуй - это не только форма приветствия, но и прощания.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Здравствуйте&quot; is a formal wish for health expressed in the imperative mood, so it could be not the best way to greet a terminally ill or a disabled person. It can be also used for leave-taking, but it is not so common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Здравствуй&quot; can be used to greet a person of the same level and age (someone you would address as &quot;ты&quot;), expecting good relations.&#xA;&quot;Здравствуйте&quot; can be used for group greetings (many people you'd address as &quot;вы&quot;) or for person you reverence (someone you would politely and formally address as &quot;Вы&quot;)&#xA;There are short forms for &quot;здравствуй&quot;: &quot;здорово&quot;, &quot;здоров&quot;, &quot;здрав будешь&quot;, &quot;здоровеньки&quot; etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="775" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-12T17:29:58.770" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T17:29:58.770" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1034" CreationDate="2012-11-08T22:26:04.857" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сырой can be used in 3 different cases:&#xA;1. related to wetness of thing - на улице сыро, сырое белье после стирки - in this case it less wet that мокрый.&#xA;2. as derivative from сырье - сырое мясо, сырая нефть.&#xA;3. relatively to cooking as measure of readiness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And сырое мясо и сырой пирог very different usage of word сырой. Your can use ЕЩЕ сырое мясо with meaning of сырой пирог but only for meat in process of cooking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="786" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T22:26:04.857" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="914" CreationDate="2012-11-08T22:44:36.353" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Немного безграмотный, зато рифмованный вариант:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хорошая мысля приходит опосля.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="794" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T22:44:36.353" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="914" CreationDate="2012-11-08T22:54:43.147" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Еще с выражением крепок задним умом связана (чисто русская?) привычка чесать затылок, когда что-то не получилось. Озадаченное почесывание затылка (как задней части головы) и ассоциируется с задним умом.&#xA;Even with the strong expression of hindsight is linked to (a purely Russian?) Habit of scratching your head when things do not work out. Puzzled scratching neck (as the back of the head) and is associated with hindsight. I do not know much Russian and English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="798" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T22:54:43.147" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1211" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-08T23:14:01.077" Score="51" ViewCount="14790" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can anyone explain the difference between the following sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Чашка лежит на столе&quot;&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;&quot;Чашка стоит на столе&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Мяч лежит на столе&quot;&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;&quot;Мяч стоит на столе&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Лэптоп лежит на столе&quot;&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;&quot;Лэптоп стоит на столе&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I should use the first one and when the second one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="799" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2017-07-22T11:04:08.760" LastActivityDate="2021-05-25T21:31:49.267" Title="What's the difference between &quot;лежит на столе&quot; and &quot;стоит на столе&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="10" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1211" CreationDate="2012-11-08T23:23:21.677" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both are correct, but the first if the cup is in horizontal position.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Мяч лежит на столе&quot; only.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Лэптоп лежит на столе&quot; if it's closed. &quot;Лэптоп стоит на столе&quot; if it's open.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="772" LastActivityDate="2012-11-08T23:23:21.677" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1211" CreationDate="2012-11-08T23:25:07.500" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suppose that everything long — &lt;em&gt;стоит&lt;/em&gt;; everything horizontally-oriented (like laptop) — &lt;em&gt;лежит&lt;/em&gt;. In some situations you need to remember word choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;One can say &lt;em&gt;чашка лежит на столе&lt;/em&gt;, when it is lying on its side:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://4.bp.blogspot.com/_RqyImLpZwHA/S-peUizdQnI/AAAAAAAAAgw/uGVo3XV5aRo/s400/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F.JPG&quot; alt=&quot;Чашка лежит на столе&quot; title=&quot;Чашка лежит на столе (на блюдце)&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all other cases &lt;em&gt;чашка стоит&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A ball always &lt;em&gt;лежит на столе&lt;/em&gt;. You cannot say &lt;em&gt;стоит&lt;/em&gt; about a ball. It would mean that a ball is something steady, which it is not.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A closed laptop always &lt;em&gt;лежит на столе&lt;/em&gt;, unless it is positioned on its side (by some miracle). If a laptop is open, it &lt;em&gt;стоит&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="804" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-03-10T09:42:49.267" LastActivityDate="2012-11-24T15:05:51.967" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1211" CreationDate="2012-11-08T23:59:20.827" Score="9" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Never &quot;Чашка лежит на столе&quot; exept where a cup is upset on side&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Never &quot;Мяч стоит на столе&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both are fine.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Objects with base: cup, bottle, flask, bowl, jar, dish, pan, pot — always &quot;стоит&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Objects without base: pen, book, sheet of paper, spoon, fork, knife — always &quot;лежит&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Flower in a vase — &quot;стоит&quot;.&#xA;Flower laid on the table (on its side) — &quot;лежит&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="808" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T05:27:35.840" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T05:27:35.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1017" CreationDate="2012-11-09T03:40:50.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, at the time Blok literally lived by the canal; the neighborhood was poor and desperate; St. Petersburg can be very inhospitable on a November night. The meaning of the phrase is most definitely literal but used to underline the mental state of the poet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="816" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T03:40:50.527" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="872" CreationDate="2012-11-09T04:39:18.697" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;влекомый&quot; чем-то материальным всё же стилистическая ошибка, хотя и относительно лёгкая.&#xA;&quot;Влекомым&quot; можно быть чувством, стремлением. Духовной категорией.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="821" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T08:59:22.677" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T08:59:22.677" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="393" CreationDate="2012-11-09T05:06:41.787" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Помимо таблеток есть еще порошки, и их тоже &quot;пьют&quot;. Это обусловлено тем, что тврдые лекарства традиционно запивают (washing down?) водой, а воду &quot;пьют&quot;. Drink your medicine, and be happy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="823" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T05:06:41.787" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1225" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="393" CreationDate="2012-11-09T05:24:57.470" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The separation between &quot;есть&quot; (&quot;eat&quot;) и &quot;пить&quot; (&quot;drink&quot;) is not expected to follow the rules of simplistic formal logic as in &quot;solids are eaten, liquids are drunk&quot;. Russian is not the only language to which it applies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in Russian language most people will prefer to use the verb &quot;to drink&quot; when referring to consumption of milk and liquid milk-derived products. However, in many regional dialects of Russian language the preferred (or even exclusively used) verb is actually &quot;to eat&quot;, as in &quot;есть молоко&quot; или &quot;есть кефир&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same could be true for medical drugs. There's no formal logic in the verb &quot;to drink&quot; being commonly used in this case. It is quite possible that this usage was inherited from the times when drugs were mostly prepared in liquid form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="831" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T05:24:57.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="393" CreationDate="2012-11-09T05:41:10.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Принимать таблетки (или другие лекарства)&quot; is completely standard and acceptable in all varieties of speech and writing.&#xA;&quot;Пить таблетки&quot; is colloquial, it is not normally used in writing.&#xA;&quot;Глотать&quot; usually refers to the process of swallowing. Sometimes, in colloquial speech, it means &quot;to eat or drink something in too large amounts&quot;, e.g. pills.&#xA;I've never heard anybody saying &quot;есть таблетки&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="833" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T05:41:10.280" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="404" CreationDate="2012-11-09T05:54:27.367" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another instance of extended cases list I've saved from FidoNet echoareas (which aren't stably archived at WWW resources so are continually lost).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It differs from the list posted by Anixx in the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In presence of 3 vocatives but miss of Ablative.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I have regroupped these cases according to traditional order of 6 main cases used in school grammars, and others which differs from their &quot;bases&quot; only for some words are listed as subvariants (e.g. (2a) is variant of (2)). I treat this order as more useful because it simplifies learning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I'm currently editing it, not for contents, but for form, so one can see intermediate partially edited variants.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-1. &lt;strong&gt;Именительный (Nominative)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-2. &lt;strong&gt;Родительный (Genitive)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-2a. &lt;strong&gt;Количественно-отделительный (Родительный-II)&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;(ложка сахару, налейте мне чаю vs. нет сахара, пять пачек чая)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-2b. &lt;strong&gt;Счётный-I&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;(два шага́, часа́, ряда́ vs. (Род. ед.): ша́га, ча́са, ря́да; в разговорном также - два раза́)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is used for some words with numerals like 2-4, 22-24, etc. instead of Sing. Gen. and differs only in stress placement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-2c. &lt;strong&gt;Счётный-II&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;(чулок — чулков, сапог — сапогов, гусар — гусаров, вольт — вольтов, грамм —&#xA;граммов, байт — байтов)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is used for some words with numerals like 5-20, 25-30, etc. instead of Pl. Gen. and differs in style of endings forming. There is no single rule for it, but there are a few patterns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-3. &lt;strong&gt;Дательный (Dative)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-4. &lt;strong&gt;Винительный (Accusative)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-4a. &lt;strong&gt;Включительный&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(взять в солдаты, в зятья; выйти в люди; пройти в кандидаты)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is grammatically equal to old Pl. Acc. and used for one stable pattern. The difference with the current Acc. is that it is identical in forms with Pl. Nom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-5. &lt;strong&gt;Творительный (Instrumental)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-6. &lt;strong&gt;Предложный (Prepositional)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-6a. Местный aka Предложный-II (Locative)&#xA;(в лесу́, в крови́, в слеза́х vs. о ле́се, о кро́ви, о слёзах)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-7a. Звательный-I (церковнославянский)&#xA;Боже, господи, владыко, отче&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-7b. &lt;strong&gt;Звательный-II (старый)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;деда, доча, сынка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-7c. &lt;strong&gt;Звательный-III (новый)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-8. &lt;strong&gt;Ждательный&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;(жду письма, мать, результата — внешне всегда совпадает с Род. или Вин.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-9. &lt;strong&gt;Лишительный&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;(нет читал газеты vs. газету — внешне всегда совпадает с Род. или Дат.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;дядь, мам, Лен, тёть, Солнц, ребят, девчат, батянь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;этот список я собрал, начитавшись обсуждения здесь и полазив по интернету за&#xA;опубликованными лингвистами, так что вот еще и ссылочки для полноты:&#xA;&#xA;1: Зализняк А.А. &quot;Русское именное словоизменение.&quot; Москва.: Hаука, 1967.&#xA;2: Успенский В.А. &quot;К определению падежа по А. H .Колмогорову //&#xA;Бюллетень объединения по проблемам машинного перевода.&quot; . том 5.&#xA;http://www.kolmogorov.pms.ru/uspensky-k_opredeleniyu_padezha_po_kolmogorovu&#xA;3. Клобуков Е.В. &quot;Семантика падежных форм в современном русском&#xA;литературном языке. (Введение в методику позиционного анализа)&quot;&#xA;Москва, изд МГУ, 1986.&#xA;4: Милославский И.Г., &quot;Морфология // Современный русский язык / Под ред.&#xA;В. А. Белошапковой&quot;. 2е изд.. М.: Высшая школа, 1989.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also I'm citing groundings for some cases, from the same discussion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;*Ждательный падеж* представлен однопадежным рядом именных словоформ,&#xA;встречающихся в оборотах _жду мать, жду результата, жду поезд, жду&#xA;поезда, жду письмо, жду письма_ и им подобных. Здесь существенно, что в&#xA;этом ряду отсутствуют такие обороты, как _жду матери_ и _жду результат,_&#xA;которые объявляются недопустимыми; если же допустить такие обороты, то&#xA;ждательного падежа не возникнет, а окажется просто-напросто, что после&#xA;глагола _ждать_ всегда возможен как винительный, так и родительный падеж&#xA;(по аналогичной причине в схеме Зализняка отсутствует лишительный падеж,&#xA;о чём будет сказано ниже). Ждательный падеж не возникнет и в том случае,&#xA;если признать актуальным почти стёртое ныне архаичное смысловое различие&#xA;между оборотами вида _ждать письмо_ и _ждать письма;_ в этом случае&#xA;также окажется, что после глагола _ждать_ возможен как винительный, так&#xA;и родительный падеж -- но не по произволу, как в предыдущем случае,&#xA;а в зависимости от степени определённости предмета; именно, для&#xA;определённого предмета будет употребляться винительный падеж, а для&#xA;неопределённого -- родительный (возможно, что &quot;письмо&quot; со значением&#xA;определённости и &quot;письмо&quot; со значением неопределённости целесообразно&#xA;считать разными лексемами).&#xA;&#xA;Теперь о *включительном падеже.* В этом падеже предположительно&#xA;пребывают словоформы _солдаты_ и _зятья_ в контекстах _идти в солдаты_&#xA;и _взять в зятья._ Слово &quot;предположительно&quot; означает, что включительный&#xA;падеж возникает при выполнении следующих двух предположений.&#xA;Предполагается, во-первых, что в указанных контекстах словоформы&#xA;_солдаты_ и _зятья_ принадлежат тем же лексемам, что и словоформы&#xA;_солдат_ и _зять,_ -- а не особым лексемам, означающим нерасчленённые&#xA;совокупности солдат или зятьёв; при этой противоположной точке зрения&#xA;падеж имён в рассматриваемых контекстах окажется винительным или&#xA;именительным. Предполагается, во-вторых, что присутствующие в указанных&#xA;контекстах смысловые отношения тождественны тем, которые присутствуют&#xA;в словосочетаниях _идти в армию_ и _взять в семью;_ при отрицании этого&#xA;второго предположения (но принятии первого) падеж имён оказывается&#xA;именительным (причём именительным с предлогом!).&#xA;&#xA;В моей статье в качестве возможного был назван также &quot;лишительный&#xA;падеж&quot;. В схеме А. А. Зализняка он отсутствует. Дело в том, что&#xA;определение А. А. Зализняка, помимо многочисленных технических&#xA;улучшений, отличается от определения, изложенного в моей статье, в&#xA;одном принципиальном пункте. А именно, определение Зализняка запрещает&#xA;считаться самостоятельным падежом такому претенденту на это звание,&#xA;у которого множество соответствующих этому претенденту сегментов&#xA;является объединением других множеств, каждое из которых образует свой&#xA;собственный падеж. А множество сегментов &quot;лишительного падежа&quot; как&#xA;раз и является объединением двух множеств, одно из которых отвечает&#xA;винительному падежу, а другое родительному: в приведённом в [РИС] в&#xA;качестве примера контексте _&quot;я не узнал...&quot;_ вместо многоточия можно&#xA;по произволу поставить слово как в винительном, так и в родительном&#xA;падеже. Таким образом, определение Зализняка содержит дополнительную&#xA;запретительную клаузулу, но зато даёт более экономную картину: вместо&#xA;того, чтобы вводить в рассмотрение двенадцатый, лишительный падеж,&#xA;достаточно сказать, что в определённых контекстах можно употреблять как&#xA;винительный, так и родительный падеж.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="827" LastEditorUserId="827" LastEditDate="2012-12-09T19:33:47.867" LastActivityDate="2012-12-09T19:33:47.867" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1211" CreationDate="2012-11-09T05:56:54.900" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;вещи имеющие основание и стоящие на нём - &quot;стоят&quot;.&#xA;иначе - &quot;лежат&quot;.&#xA;пример: &quot;шкаф стоит на полу&quot;, но положенный на бок (не находится на основании) - &quot;шкаф лежит на полу&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вещи не имеющие основания - &quot;лежат&quot;.&#xA;Но размещенные в вертикальной плоскости они - &quot;стоят&quot;.&#xA;пример: &quot;карандаш лежит на столе&quot;, но если поставить его на кончик, то &quot;карандаш стоит на столе&quot;.&#xA;Плоские вещи не имеют основания и к ним применяется правило вещей без основания:&#xA;&quot;книга лежит на столе&quot;, но если её поставить на бок, то &quot;стоит на столе&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ноутбук в закрытом состоянии вещь плоская, поэтому он &quot;лежит&quot;. Но в открытом состоянии у него появляется основание, поэтому он &quot;стоит&quot;.&#xA;Круглые вещи всегда &quot;лежат&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="835" LastEditorUserId="835" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T06:06:06.230" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T06:06:06.230" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1066" CreationDate="2012-11-09T06:06:34.213" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most useful approach (IMHO) is to learn cases as 6 basic ones which then can be modified for some specific circumstances - this is exactly how it's studied in middle school. They are 6 cases usually known (Nom., Gen., Dat., Acc., Instr., Loc./Prep.). The extended list up to ~16 cases is used only for some specific roles and not for all words. For example, Numerative-singular (Numerative-II in Anixx's scheme, Numerative-I in cited by me) has specific forms only for 4 words (шаг, ряд, час according to official regulations, and раз for usual oral tradition). Also, differences between Prepositional and Locative (в ле́се vs. в лесу́) are also known for a few words. Yep, if you instrument a machine learning/translation system, you shall differ all 16 (or more) cases but they still will mostly refer more common variants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that variant, you will have rather simple basic structure of 3-4-6 declensions (based on adopted grammar style) and 6 cases which aren't hard to learn, and then add exceptions to the scheme.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="827" LastEditorUserId="827" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T07:18:49.537" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T07:18:49.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1105" CreationDate="2012-11-09T06:43:53.893" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The general and simple idea of how to use нужно and надо in proper way might look as follows:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You &lt;strong&gt;can not&lt;/strong&gt; use надо in cases, when your sentence aim a noun:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне &lt;em&gt;нужна&lt;/em&gt; эта отвертка&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;  Мне &lt;em&gt;нужен&lt;/em&gt; этот молоток&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;  Мне &lt;em&gt;нужна&lt;/em&gt; твоя помощь&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In cases when your sentence states that you need to do something, надо and нужно are interchangeable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt; это сделать до завтрашнего утра&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;  Мне &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; это сделать до завтрашнего утра&lt;br &gt;&#xA;  Мне &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt; сходить в туалет&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;  Мне &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; сходить в туалет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The are also set phrases like &lt;em&gt;надо бы&lt;/em&gt;, when the use of надо sounds more natural, but &lt;em&gt;нужно бы&lt;/em&gt; is also correct.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, I prefer to use нужно over надо because it sounds more accurate. But except for the first case I mentioned, the difference is a subject for PhD, indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="839" LastEditorUserId="839" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T06:57:27.260" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T06:57:27.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="708" CreationDate="2012-11-09T07:25:29.750" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Цитата из Энциклопедии русского быта:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;    СВЕКОР – отец мужа. &#xA;    СВЕКРОВЬ – мать мужа. &#xA;    ТЕСТЬ – отец жены. &#xA;    ТЕЩА – мать жены. &#xA;    ЗЯТЬ: 1) муж дочери; 2) муж сестры. &#xA;    СНОХА – жена сына по отношению к его отцу, реже – по отношению к его матери. &#xA;    НЕВЕСТКА: 1) жена брата; 2) жена сына по отношению к его матери, реже – по отношению к его отцу; 3) жена одного брата по отношению к жене другого брата. &#xA;    ШУРИН – брат жены. &#xA;    ДЕВЕРЬ – брат мужа. &#xA;    ЗОЛОВКА – сестра мужа. &#xA;    СВОЯЧЕНИЦА – сестра жены. &#xA;    СВОЯК – муж сестры жены. &#xA;    СВАТ – отец жены сына или мужа дочери. &#xA;    СВАТЬЯ – мать жены сына или мужа дочери. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_rus_mod_of_life_xix/5/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_rus_mod_of_life_xix/5/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом, если верить уважаемому словарю, то невестка - это жена сына по отношению к матери, а сноха - это жена сына по отношению к отцу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лично мне слово &quot;сноха&quot; кажется менее употребляемым, чем слово &quot;невестка&quot;, да и вообще в обиходной речи многие, особенно люди помоложе, избегают этих терминов, так как, во-первых, никогда нет полной ясности, кто и что под ними понимает, а во-вторых, они звучат очень обезличенно. Не могу припомнить, чтобы я сама когда-то употребляла слово &quot;сноха&quot; или слышала его от кого-нибудь. Слово &quot;невестка&quot; слышала часто.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="776" LastEditorUserId="776" LastEditDate="2012-11-14T00:25:41.027" LastActivityDate="2012-11-14T00:25:41.027" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="914" CreationDate="2012-11-09T07:37:47.663" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Наиболее употребительны в разговорной речи&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Знал(а) бы прикуп(карточный термин) -жил(а) бы в Сочи.&quot;&#xA;или более сокращённая версия &quot;Знал(а) бы прикуп&quot;, &quot;Эх знал(а) бы прикуп&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Знал(а) бы где упасть- соломку(подушку) бы подстелил . Можно сокращать &quot;Знал бы -подстелил соломку&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;После драки кулаками не машут &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Умная мысля приходит опосля&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Варианты про задний ум имеют в современно языке двоякое толкование и могут быть поняты  в  как намёк на гомосексуализм. Плохо говорящим по русски я бы не советовал использовать в повседневной речи -&quot;можно и по рылу отгрести&quot;-просто побьют&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="849" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T12:28:38.087" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T12:28:38.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1243" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1211" CreationDate="2012-11-09T07:57:04.633" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Easy going explanation for you: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dmgSP.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="858" LastEditorUserId="514" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T08:45:18.670" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T08:45:18.670" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1211" CreationDate="2012-11-09T08:09:06.420" Score="40" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not as easy as it seems. In fact, it's very complicated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objects that look like a rectangular cuboid&lt;/strong&gt; (e.g. books)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They «stand» when their long part is placed vertically and «lie» when their long part is placed horizontally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Книга стоит на полке.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Книга лежит на столе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objects that can be in their proper position&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they are in their proper position, they «stand» (e.g. an opened laptop, a flower in a vase). If they are folded or placed wrong, they «lie».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Цветы стоят в вазе.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Цветок лежит на диване.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objects that have only one possible position&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mostly they always «lie». But sometimes they may «stand» (I don't know when) but there are few examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Коробка лежит на полу.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Нож лежит на полу.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Нож лежит на столе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But attention:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Коробка стоит на столе.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Чашка/стакан стоит на столе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="728" LastEditorUserId="2148" LastEditDate="2021-05-25T21:31:49.267" LastActivityDate="2021-05-25T21:31:49.267" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="797" CreationDate="2012-11-09T08:22:01.937" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Words ‘в зубах у лошади’ do not necessarily mean that the horse is literally holding or biting something nor something is stuck in its teeth. It may also mean the place in the front to the horse, so the gypsy may simply stand near horse head. Compare ‘в хвосте у лошади’—this means someone or something is right behind the horse, near its tail, literally. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="867" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T08:22:01.937" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1062" CreationDate="2012-11-09T08:22:07.067" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;One might also add that &lt;em&gt;сейчас&lt;/em&gt; has another connotation, which &lt;em&gt;теперь&lt;/em&gt; does not - acknowledgement that a request was received and assurance that the speaker will perform the requested action immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sense, сейчас can be translated into English as &lt;em&gt;right away&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;presently&lt;/em&gt;,  &lt;em&gt;I'm on my way/I'm coming&lt;/em&gt; or even simply &lt;em&gt;yes/okay&lt;/em&gt;; it's not dissimilar to the French &lt;em&gt;j'arrive&lt;/em&gt;. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A. Коля, иди обедать!&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;B. Сейчас, мама.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А. Kolya, come eat!&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Б. Be right there, mom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="868" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-11-23T19:04:37.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1062" CreationDate="2012-11-09T08:24:52.933" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Сейчас!&quot; is commonly used as &quot;wait a moment&quot; or mockery&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pete, come here quickly!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сейчас! (actually Pete is busy and doesn't come right now, but in 2-5 minutes after next call)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literally, &lt;strong&gt;сейчас&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;this hour&quot;, but used as &quot;now&quot;, except the example above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes it can be used as a mockery or jesting:&#xA;- Hey, you, give me your money!&#xA;- Сейчас!  (the person refuses to give the money.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="861" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T08:24:52.933" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1251" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="826" CreationDate="2012-11-09T08:44:02.503" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Разбор полётов.Шумиха неразбериха наказание невиновных и награждение непричастных&#xA;Армейский способ  — особая разновидность раздолбайства. Характеризуется прежде всего отсутствием конкретного виноватого, хотя практически всегда при разборе полетов таковой ответственный мгновенно назначается приказом командования. Типичное проявление — все делали то, что им приказали, исполняли и контролировали, не ошибались и не зевали, но всё вместе привело к аварии(взрыву ,потопу , проёбу).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Типический армейский способ:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я сейчас соберу узкий круг ограниченных лиц, опираясь на которых разберусь кого следует и накажу как попало! И не посмотрю, офицер это или майор какой-нибудь! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="849" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T08:44:02.503" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="393" CreationDate="2012-11-09T09:18:43.650" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use both. But russians prefer speak &quot;пить таблетки&quot; because pills are hard to swallow without liquid. And you always drink it.&#xA;if you say you &quot;съели таблетку&quot; (ate a pill)  you can be misunderstood and your companion may think that you are an addict. eat a pill that is also &quot;used ecstasy&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="885" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T09:18:43.650" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="393" CreationDate="2012-11-09T09:21:05.110" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пить таблетки&quot; имеет общий смысл &quot;пить лекарства&quot;, и поэтому русскоговорящие употребляют глагол &quot;пить&quot; со всем, что относится к понятию лекарства, которые принимают во внутрь через рот:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пить порошки, пить микстуру, пить таблетки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Drink pill&quot; has a general sense of &quot;take medicine&quot; and is used in Russian with any drugs taken orally. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="879" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T09:30:46.583" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T09:30:46.583" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="797" CreationDate="2012-11-09T09:49:48.147" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Selling old horses, gypsies rasped their teeth to make horses look younger.&#xA;Maybe the picture depicts the gypsy rasping the horse teeth or maybe it's jolly and twisted Kharms' imagination - kind of horse revenge against crude gypsy dentist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="896" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T09:49:48.147" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="797" CreationDate="2012-11-09T09:52:57.640" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Назывные предложения регистрируют материальность каждого отдельного предмета и его состояния как включенного в отдельный хронотоп и создающего последний. В соответствии с воззрениями Хармса, хронотоп – реальный и «художественный» – не существует без взаимодействия с материальным объектом. Каждый «предмет» обстановки словно висит в воздухе и создает свою сферу существования, независимую от других объектов или воли персонажей. Такая обстановка говорит либо о хаотическом состоянии данного вымышленного мира (до сотворения Космоса), либо о его состоянии после мифического «конца света». Даже на картине изображена инверсированная реальность – цыган в зубах у лошади. &#xA;(с) Дроздов К. «Тюк» Даниила Хармса: ритуал и коммуникация (мифология абсурда)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="877" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T09:52:57.640" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="826" CreationDate="2012-11-09T09:59:04.427" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I bet the phrase with us since 1939.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please skim through &lt;a href=&quot;http://samlib.ru/c/chunihin_w_m/resh_01.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://samlib.ru/c/chunihin_w_m/resh_01.shtml&lt;/a&gt; You can skip right to the &quot;Чкалов&quot; in the text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Приказ НКО N 070 от 4 июня 1939 года&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...Число летных происшествий в 1939 году, особенно в апреле и мае месяцах, достигло чрезвычайных размеров. За период с 1 января до 15 мая произошло 34 катастрофы, в них погибло 70 человек личного состава. За этот же период произошло 126 аварий, в которых разбит 91 самолет. Только за конец 1938 и впервые месяцы 1939 гг. мы потеряли 5 выдающихся летчиков - Героев Советского Союза, 5 лучших людей нашей страны - тт. Бряндинского, Чкалова, Губенко, Серова и Полину Осипенко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эти тяжелые потери, как и подавляющее большинство других катастроф и аварий, являются прямым результатом:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;а) преступного нарушения специальных приказов, положений, летных наставлений и инструкций;&#xA;  ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="891" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T10:00:34.853" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T10:00:34.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="678" CreationDate="2012-11-09T10:44:22.760" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;При царе в гимназиях , школах и семинариях были распространены и узаконены розги (физические наказания детей за проступки). Иногда били просто так для профилактики и укрепления дисциплины. Если педагог входил в раж (перебарщивал , перебирал) и ребёнок получал слишком большую дозу розог то до 1-го числа следующего месяца освобождался от физических наказаний. Эта экзекуция с излишним количеством розог и называлась &quot;всыпать по первое число&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="849" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T10:44:22.760" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1062" CreationDate="2012-11-09T10:57:10.090" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;У слова &quot;сейчас&quot; может быть еще негативно-ироничный вариант:&#xA;&quot;Ага, сейчас. Сейчас вот прямо всё брошу и побегу.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="553" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T14:42:09.993" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T14:42:09.993" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1017" CreationDate="2012-11-09T11:23:40.917" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Everyone here tells you, that «ледяная рябь канала» is the icy ripple on the cold water of canal. It might be true. But, if Blok's poem takes place in winter, the canal is sure frozen. In this case, «ледяная рябь канала» means, that the canal is covered in ice, and on that ice lies the snow, which is rippled like water, and shining.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="908" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T11:23:40.917" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="999" CreationDate="2012-11-09T11:50:36.380" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, you can use preposition “по” even when referring to some literary pieces. I.e., when you describe a movie based on a novel or a tale. As in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Фильм снят по роману Достоевского «Преступление и наказание».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="625" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-01-06T11:04:11.003" LastActivityDate="2013-01-06T11:04:11.003" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1269" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1008" CreationDate="2012-11-09T12:08:51.740" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, the gender of the whole word is defined by the part describing animated, live object, which is not necessarily the first part. The example mentioned above describes this idea quite well: both &lt;em&gt;рыба-кит&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;меч-рыба&lt;/em&gt; are feminine. As well as &lt;em&gt;девушка-виденье&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;бой-баба&lt;/em&gt; etc.&#xA;More precisely, the declension would be logically connected with the object part of the word (рыба). The definition part does not affect the declension and has &lt;strong&gt;gender-dependent&lt;/strong&gt; morphology itself: if the object part has a masculine gender, the definition part is affected by declension; if the object part has a feminine gender, the definitive part stays indefinite. I.e. &lt;em&gt;рыба-меч, рыбы-меч, рыбу-меч&lt;/em&gt;, but &lt;em&gt;конь-огонь, коня-огня&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;меч-кладенец, меча-кладенца&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="625" LastEditorUserId="625" LastEditDate="2012-11-10T11:13:31.630" LastActivityDate="2012-11-10T11:13:31.630" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1008" CreationDate="2012-11-09T12:19:24.247" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;На самом деле, хотя это и не правильно, русские скорее будут говорить так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кто? Рыба-кит&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кого? Рыбу-кита&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кому? Рыбе-киту&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кем? Рыбой-китом&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;О ком? О Рыбе-ките&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Т.е. слова склонять можно раздельно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По поводу рода - я затрудняюсь ответить, скорее женский, так как первично определение &quot;рыба&quot;, а &quot;кит&quot; - вторично.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="917" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T12:38:00.580" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T12:38:00.580" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="826" CreationDate="2012-11-09T12:23:17.737" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Разбор полетов-стандартная процедура в ВВС России. Проводится обычно по факту возникновения нештатных ситуаций в полете или серии полетов. &#xA;Собирается коллектив опытных пилотов, начальство и детально обсуждают каждое действие виновника. &#xA;В итоге выносится решение о его виновности или не виновности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="919" LastEditorUserId="919" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T12:32:59.083" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T12:32:59.083" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="999" CreationDate="2012-11-09T12:30:14.463" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The correct way in the most cases would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Из &quot;Преступления и наказания&quot; Ф. Достоевского, моего любимого романа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For formal speaking try to use the generic word before the title:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Из романа &quot;Преступление и наказание&quot; Ф. Достоевского, моего любимого.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following examples are not correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Из &quot;Преступление и наказание&quot;... &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Из &quot;...&quot;, мой любимый роман.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it is more traditional to use parental name for writers and poets like Dostoevsky, Puskin etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ф. М. Достоевский&#xA;А. С. Пушкин&#xA;А. П. Чехов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Form 'Ф. Достоевский' name sounds a little less respectful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it's ok to use 'international' form of name for modern writers: &#xA;Сергей Есенин&#xA;Владимир Маяковский&#xA;Борис Пастернак&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="920" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T12:47:18.587" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T12:47:18.587" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1062" CreationDate="2012-11-09T13:36:34.120" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, &quot;теперь&quot; and &quot;сейчас&quot; are usually shades of meaning the word &quot;now&quot;. But actually, they're used in different situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) For example, &quot;Мы сейчас смотрели фильм&quot; means it was few minutes ago.&#xA;And if we say &quot;Теперь мы  сможем (наконец-то) посмотреть фильм&quot;, it means that was something that distracted us from watching this film.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &quot;Я сейчас работаю в Microsoft&quot; means I'm working there now, not exactly this moment, maybe for a while. For example, people meet each other after 5 years and one can ask: &quot;Где ты сейчас работаешь?&quot; and his friend can answer: &quot;Сейчас я работаю в Microsoft&quot;. Plus, here is  another shade of meaning: he's not sure, that he will continue working in Microsoft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) &quot;Я теперь работаю в Microsoft&quot; also have few meanings (in different contexts and with different positions).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First meaning is that this person has worked somewhere else before (in situations like: &quot;- Я помню, ты работал в банке? - Да. Теперь я работаю в Microsoft&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In another situations &quot;теперь&quot; gives to words something like a pride. For example in such situations like: &quot;- А ты? Ты все еще чистишь туалеты? - Нет, я теперь работаю в Microsoft&quot;, you see, that before we write the pronoun after an adverb, and now we do it conversely.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And the third meaning I remember is for expressive sentences like: &quot;Теперь мне осталось только пойти и напиться!&quot; - can say the person who has just passed his exams - successfully or not, but here &quot;теперь&quot; is used for increasing the feelings of this person.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="924" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T17:51:51.330" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T17:51:51.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1062" CreationDate="2012-11-09T14:28:59.777" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;Теперь&lt;/em&gt; is a kind of logical connective and usually requires а context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сейчас Россия окончательно созрела для новой революции.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   &lt;em&gt;Now Russia finally ripe for the new revolution.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Путин вновь переизбран и теперь Россия окончательно созрела для новой революции.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   &lt;em&gt;Putin again resigned. And now Russia finally ripe for the new revolution.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;А теперь о главном.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   &lt;em&gt;Now I get to the point.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the previous half-hour conversation was about nothing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я сейчас работаю в Майкрасофт. И я счастлив.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   &lt;em&gt;I am working for Microsoft now. And I'm happy.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Меня уволили из Гугла. И теперь я вынужден работать в Майкрософт.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   &lt;em&gt;I was fired from Google. And now I have to work for Microsoft.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="937" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-23T19:07:08.140" LastActivityDate="2012-11-23T19:07:08.140" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1062" CreationDate="2012-11-09T15:29:40.147" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;слово &quot;&lt;em&gt;сейчас&lt;/em&gt;&quot; образовано из двух древнерусских слов &quot;&lt;em&gt;сей&lt;/em&gt;&quot; и &quot;&lt;em&gt;час&lt;/em&gt;&quot; - значит &quot;&lt;em&gt;в это время&lt;/em&gt;&quot; или &quot;&lt;em&gt;в этот час (ближайший)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&#xA;То есть, &quot;&lt;em&gt;сейчас&lt;/em&gt;&quot; = &quot;&lt;em&gt;в ближашее время&lt;/em&gt;&quot; , и это ещё не свершилось.&#xA;А &quot;&lt;em&gt;теперь&lt;/em&gt;&quot; - это когда уже свершилось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="944" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T15:29:40.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1211" CreationDate="2012-11-09T16:19:19.443" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian the position of an object must be made explicit. You can't simply say &lt;em&gt;&quot;The book is on the table.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, instead, you need to specify whether the book is in horizontal or vertical position. This applies not only to the &quot;state&quot; verb, but also the &quot;movement&quot; one. When you talk about &quot;putting something&quot;, you must specify how in those cases too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a simple table that exemplifies it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;              State      | Movement (to put something in that position)&#xA;             -----------------------------------&#xA;              НСВ        | НСВ         СВ&#xA;Vertical      Стоять     | Ставить     Поставить&#xA;Horizontal    Лежать     | Класть      Положить&#xA;Hanging       Висеть     | Вешать      Повесить&#xA;&#xA;Sitting       Сидеть    &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Книга лежит на столе.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;The book is on the table (horizontal).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я положил книгу на стол.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;I put the book on the table (horizontal).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я повесил куртку.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;I hung the jacket (hanging).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="33" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T19:25:35.200" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T19:25:35.200" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1289" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-09T17:07:26.253" Score="16" ViewCount="10399" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there cases when they directly contradict each other, or can I just apply my Russian knowledge when writing texts in English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order for the question to be reasonably scoped, let's stick to the symbols listed below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;, . : ; ( ) ? ! - &quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="30" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T21:05:27.380" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T18:32:39.337" Title="What are the differences between Russian and English in punctuation rules?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="7" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-12-01T15:28:21.397" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1289" CreationDate="2012-11-09T17:24:21.423" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The very structure of the sentence, the syntax, the intonation are different in English, at least this is a reason that punctuation rules are not 100% equivalent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I agree with Alenanno, this topic is too broad. &#xA;But shortest answer is no. No, you cannot just rely on your knowledge of English punctuation while writing texts in Russian (after all, this is Russian SE, why should we discuss English at all). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Out of the head, here are main aspects, specific to Russian punctuation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Direct speech.&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;In English we can write:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;‘You’re right,’ he said. ‘I'm awesome’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian we should insert dash (—) as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;А ты прав.&quot; — сказал он, — &quot;Я великолепен!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Usage of semicolon.&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;While semicolon exists in English as well, in Russian its usage is more common. This is because complex sentences (sentences with multiple clauses) are typical Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Usage of dash&lt;/strong&gt;. &#xA;As well as semicolons, dashes are used for logical division of complex sentences. &#xA;As with semicolons, the reason is that one can encounter complex sentences  far more often in Russian compared to English. But there's  yet another reason. In modern Russian we don't have so called &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copula_%28linguistics%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;copula verbs&lt;/a&gt;, so sometimes dash is used instead of such linking verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я — царь!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am a king.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Usage of specific form of quotation marks&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;So-called French quotation marks (a.k.a &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;кавычки ёлочкой&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, a.k.a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillemet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;guillemet&lt;/a&gt;) are still typographical standard in Russia. And in English, though such quotes are known, they are practically not used. But in web typography this gradually is becoming deprecated. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules of usage of quotation marks nested in other quotation marks differ as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Usage of comma in complex sentences&lt;/strong&gt; is way more liberal in English. &#xA;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я знаю, что Ольга очень строгий модератор,  поэтому я постараюсь быть&#xA;  максимально убедителен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I know that Olga is a strict moderator, so I'll try to be convincing :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ellipsis.&lt;/strong&gt; If you are a purist, in English you should type ellipsis with spaces. In Russian omitting spaces in ellipsis is standard. There is a difference in usage as well. In Russian it's quite often used to add ... a pause (intonational and logical) between words. In English it is, to my knowledge, less typical. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-02-03T11:46:10.800" LastActivityDate="2015-02-03T11:46:10.800" CommentCount="15" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-12-01T15:28:21.397" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1291" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1289" CreationDate="2012-11-09T17:29:12.323" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me start by telling the differences in comma placement. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bartleby.com/141/strunk.html&quot;&gt;Strunk's &quot;The Elements of Style&quot;, 1918&lt;/a&gt;, suggests the following differences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;red, blue, and white&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, we do not place a comma before the conjunction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;красный, синий и белый&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Restrictive relative clauses are not set off by commas. Only non-restrictive relative clauses should be surrounded by commas.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The candidate who best meets these requirements will obtain the place.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  The audience, which had at first been indifferent, became more and more interested.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, all relative clauses are set off by commas:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кандидат, который лучше всего соответствует требованиям, получит работу.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Аудитория, которая сперва была безразлична, становилась все более и более заинтересованной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do not join independent clauses by a comma. Use a semicolon.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Stevenson's romances are entertaining; they are full of exciting adventures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, we can have independent sentences that are joined by a comma only:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Романы Стивенсона увлекательны, они полны волнующих приключений.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is all I have found so far.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T17:29:12.323" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-12-01T15:28:21.397" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1289" CreationDate="2012-11-09T17:31:13.940" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the OP states he &lt;em&gt;knows Russian&lt;/em&gt;, I guess it's enough to answer what is the punctuation in English. I'll stick to a single aspect of punctuation and I'll consider &lt;code&gt;. , : ; parenthesis&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;-&lt;/code&gt; (even supposing I knew it, their full description would be too boad). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In English&lt;/em&gt;, a useful criterion to use them is to be aware of their &lt;em&gt;power to separate ideas&lt;/em&gt; while writing. With this in mind, they can be listed in decreasing order: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Period (&lt;code&gt;.&lt;/code&gt;) Completely tears apart ideas. The same separation power belong to the question mark &lt;code&gt;?&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Semicolon (&lt;code&gt;;&lt;/code&gt;) It's a &lt;code&gt;,&lt;/code&gt; with more strength. E.g. &lt;em&gt;they were divided in three groups: my sister, her boyfriend and my mother; my grandparents; my cousin and his girlfriend&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Parenthesis (&lt;code&gt;()&lt;/code&gt;) The content inside them can be ignored by the reader without danger.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dash (&lt;code&gt;-&lt;/code&gt;) They emphasize what follows, or what is nested inside dashes. Used as well to define. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Colon (&lt;code&gt;:&lt;/code&gt;) They can be used to build lists or to define. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Comma (&lt;code&gt;,&lt;/code&gt;) The less &lt;em&gt;separation unit&lt;/em&gt; so to say.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T18:01:19.863" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T18:01:19.863" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-12-01T15:28:21.397" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1289" CreationDate="2012-11-09T17:44:46.453" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dialogues are punctuated differently in Russian and English.  In Russian the dash is often used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Привет, — сказал Вася.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Здорово, — сказал Петя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English only the quotes are used for dialogues:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Hi,&quot; said John.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Hello,&quot; said Mike.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T20:26:00.257" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T20:26:00.257" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-12-01T15:28:21.397" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="540" CreationDate="2012-11-09T17:54:03.257" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's exactly not the same with english &quot;f&quot;-word, you can't say &quot;фиг you!&quot;. At least now. Before it was probably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;People usually say this phrase when they're shocked (in goood or bad meaning of this word).&#xA;For example:&#xA;1) &quot;Hey, I won 3.000.000 $!&quot;&#xA;   &quot;Правда? Ну нифига себе!&quot; - here we can see something like admiring and a bit jealosy probebly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &quot;You know what happened? he said we must pass 5 exams more!&quot;&#xA;   &quot;Нифига себе! In other universities students pass only 3 exams each month!&quot; - it's negative judgement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The history of the word and meaning &quot;фига&quot; is in Old Russia. &quot;Фига&quot; is a synonym of such russian words as: &quot;кукиш&quot; and &quot;шиш&quot;.&#xA;These two words meant gesture above, and people believed that it can help to protect themselves frome the evil eye and etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="924" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T17:54:03.257" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1289" CreationDate="2012-11-09T19:02:39.217" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To all the nice answers here I'd like to add that punctuation in English is much more &quot;flexible&quot; than in Russian (as well as e.g. German). Not only are the rules (or recommendations) different between the British and American versions; they may also vary between e.g. Oxford and Cambridge versions. This leads to the fact that almost any use of punctuation can be confirmed by some dictionary and therefore people tend to write &quot;as they feel&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To illustrate this, a case from my experience. I was asked to write an article for an American magazine, and was helped by a very good and patient section editor. We spent about a month on the article. Finally it was submitted, and the magazine editor corrected something from the version of &quot;my&quot; editor to how I had written it in the beginning. Despite the fact that by then I was already convinced that there was an actual rule I violated. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another story was told to me by an English scientific writing consultant. He normally advises on the scientific writing style. But once was submitting a paper himself, to an American journal. The editor suggested the authors to &quot;find a native speaker&quot; to proof-read and correct their language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Do not try to use Russian punctuation rules in English.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Read as much original texts as possible; you'll quickly get the idea of where punctuation is necessary; in many other cases commas can be omitted without committing a crime as serious as it would have been in Russian.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. And do not forget the difference between Russian and English punctuation symbols. &lt;a href=&quot;http://artefact.lib.ru/design/text_macros_05_quotes_typo.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Quotation marks&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;decimal separators&lt;/a&gt; are the most prominent ones. Spacing rules are also slightly different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="33" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T19:25:23.033" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T19:25:23.033" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-12-01T15:28:21.397" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1296" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-09T20:54:27.470" Score="7" ViewCount="357" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following words have the same stem:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;рост&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  росток&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  рослый&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  растение&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  расти&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  возрасти&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  возросший&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  возраст&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that they have the same stem because their meaning is related and they sound similar or are even formed one from another in the same way other similar words are formed (&lt;em&gt;возрасти&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;возросший&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;восходить&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;восшедший&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is&lt;/strong&gt;: how did it happen that they have different vowels in their stems, sometimes &lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt; and sometimes &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As it was explained in school, &quot;if there is a &lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt; after &lt;em&gt;с&lt;/em&gt;, write &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;, otherwise write &lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt;&quot; + a bunch of exceptions, as usual the Russian grammar. Though being nice as a heuristic to learn the spelling, this rule has no explanatory power. I would like to know how did it happen that the vowels are different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2012-11-10T18:42:52.043" Title="Vowel in &quot;раст\рос&quot; stem: how did it happen that they are different?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1008" CreationDate="2012-11-09T21:08:16.447" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Поскольку чудо-юдо рыба-кит рождена в стихах и в фольклоре и применяется только в сказочном контексте, то мне кажется, что важнее сохранить стихотворный размер, распевность, народный стиль (которому в литературе позволительно появляться в нарочито безграмотном виде), чем пытаться соблюдать какие-либо правила языка, поэтому &quot;чудо&quot;, &quot;юдо&quot; и &quot;рыбу&quot; - склонять, &quot;кит&quot; - оставлять без изменений.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Правило&lt;/strong&gt; я бы так сформулировал: если существительные одного рода, то склонять оба, а если разного, то только главное из них, например: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;рыбу-пилу, рыбе-пиле&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;но &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;рыбу-молот, рыбе-молот. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-09T22:50:56.543" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T22:50:56.543" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1211" CreationDate="2012-11-09T21:18:54.630" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this should be explained to a foreigner in a different way than explaining horizontal and vertical positions. A non-Russian speaker should imagine that the object that is positioned on the table is in fact a creature (animate object). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English has the verbs &lt;em&gt;to stand&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;to lie&lt;/em&gt; but they normally only used with people or mammals. The person should think that if the book would be a creature and it was in its current position, what would he/she say about this creature: &lt;em&gt;stands&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;lies&lt;/em&gt;. If &lt;em&gt;stands&lt;/em&gt; would be more appropriate for creature - say &lt;em&gt;stands&lt;/em&gt; for the book, say &lt;em&gt;lies&lt;/em&gt; otherwise. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As always, there will be exceptions from the rule which need to be memorized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's look at the тарелка стоит на столе. The plate is ready to serve you - to hold the food. Of course, it is standing. :-) If the plates are put in the box for moving, for example, they will be &lt;em&gt;положены (lying)&lt;/em&gt;. I.e. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;стоять&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;лежать&lt;/em&gt; also has the connotation of being in a working position or in an out-of-work position.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it seems the story of how difficult it is to explain to English speaker the difference between &lt;em&gt;stand&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;lie&lt;/em&gt; for objects is a bit exaggerated. It is kind of &quot;new urban myth&quot; - a nice story to retell and have fun. In fact, in English &lt;em&gt;standing&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;lying&lt;/em&gt; is also used for objects (but not usually &lt;em&gt;stand&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;lie&lt;/em&gt;). You cannot say: &lt;code&gt;CN tower stands in downtown Toronto.&lt;/code&gt; But you can say: &lt;code&gt;CN tower is the world's tallest free standing tower.&lt;/code&gt; The same for lying: &lt;code&gt;He checked the pile of dirty cloths lying on the floor.&lt;/code&gt; So, it is quite clear to the English speaker that &lt;em&gt;stands/стоит&lt;/em&gt; denotes a vertical position, and &lt;em&gt;lies/лежит&lt;/em&gt; denotes a horizontal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-11-10T01:35:12.133" LastActivityDate="2012-11-10T01:35:12.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1296" CreationDate="2012-11-09T21:31:39.463" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a vowel is stressed, it will be obviously O or A, as рОст.&#xA;in other cases (when a vowel is unstressed) the rule is enough simple&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;before CТ and Щ is А, the rest is О (exceptions: росток, ростовщик, Ростов, отрасль, Ростислав  and their derivatives)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="961" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T21:31:39.463" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="828" CreationDate="2012-11-09T21:33:19.170" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no such word &lt;em&gt;времяёмкий&lt;/em&gt; in Russian standard dictionaries yet. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article that Olga found is about &lt;a href=&quot;http://old.russ.ru/krug/20030120_dar.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;experimenting with language&lt;/a&gt;. People suggest some words. These words are not in dictionaries yet and perhaps will never be. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I agree with comment by hazzic to the OP (Aug 10) that Google Translate is not a reputable source to conclude if word exists or not. It can return translations that are very far from perfect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dictionary of Zalizniak (1980) gives only 7 words ending with -ёмкий. (I ordered them by the frequency, defined here as the number of web-pages found by yandex.ru with the word: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;трудоёмкий     5 mln&#xA;энергоёмкий    1 mln&#xA;теплоёмкий    142000&#xA;металлоёмкий   66000&#xA;влагоёмкий     42000&#xA;водоёмкий      30000&#xA;электроёмкий   10000&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not in Zalizniak (1980) but on internet:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;наукоемкий     2mln&#xA;времязатратный 9000&#xA;времяемкий     5000&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Among the pages found with времяемкий: on top was the page quoted by Olga which is kind of experimental; many pages were using this word enclosed into apostrophes to show that the word was invented on the spot for brevity, and many could just be attributed to an erroneous usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 10 years from now this word may become a first class citizen in Russian, but now it is on the brink of existence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe in 10 years I will use this word, too, but now I wouldn't because ёмкий has positive connotation in Russian. For spending time I would prefer to use времязатратный. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-11-11T01:37:35.877" LastActivityDate="2012-11-11T01:37:35.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1296" CreationDate="2012-11-09T21:55:00.307" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This duality has appeared due to the wide use of Church Slavonic (Old Bulgarian) language in Ancient Rus. The vowel 'a' came exactly from Old Bulgarian, as well as lots of other loans that still have a great influence in modern Russian language (even in pronunciation, i.e. using a voiced glottal fricative '&lt;em&gt;g&lt;/em&gt;' in '&lt;em&gt;бог&lt;/em&gt;'). The roots of this duality are not that vivid, so you do not need to bother about the etymology, just know the rules (as nobody bothers today about the fact that English article '&lt;em&gt;the&lt;/em&gt;' has masculine gender ages ago).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="625" LastActivityDate="2012-11-09T21:55:00.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1296" CreationDate="2012-11-09T21:55:21.460" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Linguists believe that this very vowel alternation is due to mainly two reasons: Church Slavonic influence and lack of strong stress in Old Russian. (After a bit of thinking we can even claim that actually those two reasons are related, though nevertheless are different.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Church Slavonic there was a verb &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slavdict.narod.ru/_0545.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;расти&lt;/a&gt;&quot; and noun &quot;растъ&quot;. If you look in modern Bulgarian or Serbian and some other Slavonic languages (and some of them historically experienced Church Slavonic influence as well) you'll find exactly this word, &quot;раст&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Old Russian the root was &quot;рост&quot;. But, once again, on early stage of Russian language evolution this difference was not that dramatic. That means that in written form both &quot;а&quot; and &quot;о&quot; root forms had been used. It it not only about &lt;strong&gt;рост/раст&lt;/strong&gt;, for example &lt;strong&gt;ровно/равно&lt;/strong&gt; pair shares the same reasons of existence: first root is Old Russian and second one is Church Slavonic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, things got even more complicated when in Moscow dialect with it well-known vowel о/а шифт (which is now a pronunciation norm) overcame other dialects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, there are some other roots with &lt;strong&gt;a/o&lt;/strong&gt; alternation (коснуться/касаться, полагать/положить, плавник/пловец, выскочка/cкакун, творец/тварь etc.). Some of this forms exists because two above-mentioned reasons, some of them share even more complicated and old reasons, having their origins in PIE language, which embraced &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apophony&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;apophony&lt;/a&gt; (i.e. alternation of sounds for indicating grammatical information) pretty much - and this apophonic features hadn't gone without a trace in Russian as well.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A final note: As for the mnemonic rule you've provided, it worth to mention that there are two exclusions: &lt;strong&gt;росток&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ростовщик&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;отрасль&lt;/strong&gt;. As for mentioned in  other answer &lt;strong&gt;Ростов&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Ростислав&lt;/strong&gt;, it is not that easy, there's no clear evidence that Рост in Ростов is related to slavic root, so this is still disputable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-10T18:42:52.043" LastActivityDate="2012-11-10T18:42:52.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="419" CreationDate="2012-11-10T03:39:03.453" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the meaning &quot;&lt;em&gt;to throw&lt;/em&gt;&quot; both words “&lt;em&gt;кидать/кинуть&lt;/em&gt;” and “&lt;em&gt;бросать/бросить&lt;/em&gt;” are equal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бросить камень&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Кинуть камень&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But only “&lt;em&gt;бросать/бросить&lt;/em&gt;” has meaning &quot;&lt;em&gt;to stop doing something, to leave some place, to break relationship&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бросить учебу&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Бросить курить&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Бросить жену (to divorce)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“&lt;em&gt;кидать/кинуть&lt;/em&gt;” also has other meaning: &quot;&lt;em&gt;to deceive or betray somebody, not fulfill the promise&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кинуть лоха&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="968" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2014-06-08T16:19:52.527" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T16:19:52.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="540" CreationDate="2012-11-10T03:52:54.943" Score="8" Body="&lt;h2&gt;&quot;Фиг&quot;. How I use it in Russia as a nativespeaker?&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;in a state of a shock: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- &quot;Мой кот весит 20 килограмм (45 фунтов)&quot; &#xA;- &quot;Нифига себе!&quot; or &quot;Офигеть!&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;when I'm angry and don't want to give something to somebody:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- &quot;Дай сюда свой мобильник!&quot; as in a robbery attempt&#xA;- &quot;Фиг тебе, а не мобильник!&quot; or &quot;Фига-с-два тебе&quot; meaning &quot;i will never give it to you&quot;.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;to say &quot;do what you want. I don't care about you/it anymore&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- &quot;Я все равно пойду на концерт&quot; or &quot;Я ненавижу тебя&quot;&#xA;- &quot;Фиг с тобой!&quot; or &quot;Ну и фиг с тобой!&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;to say that something is weird/unclear/strange:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- &quot;По тебе ползет что-то мерзкое!&quot;&#xA;- &quot;Что это за фигня! Сними ее с меня!&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;to say that something is unpleasant:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- &quot;Ты приготовил невкусный ужин! Это просто фигня какая-то!&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;to say that you don't have or can't do something: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- &quot;У меня совсем ничего нет!&quot; or &quot;У меня нифига нет!&quot;&#xA;- &quot;У меня нифига (ничего) не получается сделать!&quot;.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS1: &quot;Фига-с-два тебе&quot; is a rare form of this word's usage. It doubles the force of the refusal. Means &quot;take my two figs&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS2: &quot;фиг&quot; is often considered as a more polite everyday form of swearing exclamation. Other forms include (in the order of harshness increase) :&#xA;&quot;фиг&quot;, &quot;хрен&quot;, &quot;хер&quot;, &quot;хуй&quot;.&#xA;For example &quot;Хрен тебе, а не деньги!&quot;, &quot;Ни хуя себе!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Фиг&quot; is the most common form for kids.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Хрен&quot; means &quot;horseradish&quot; in russian (used because it is bitter) and it is much less common for kids.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;хер&quot; and &quot;хуй&quot; are the words for male genitalia. The later is the most filthy language, so try no to use it. And it is unappropriate for kids to use this forms either... but you know the kids these days...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &quot;fig&quot; is a very common word, that is used when you want to swear a little bit, so that your friends or even parents doesn't think very badly of you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="970" LastEditorUserId="4769" LastEditDate="2014-12-18T23:16:06.610" LastActivityDate="2014-12-18T23:16:06.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="540" CreationDate="2012-11-10T04:01:21.707" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some history versions on the Wikipedia page of &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%88&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Шиш&lt;/a&gt; (all phrases are colloquialisms):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Фиг&lt;/strong&gt; - Nothing&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Фигня&lt;/strong&gt; - Something slight, insignificant&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Ни фига&lt;/strong&gt; - No, nothing, negation&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;На фига?&lt;/strong&gt; - Why?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;На фиг!&lt;/strong&gt; - It doesn't matter&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Ни фига себе&lt;/strong&gt; - Expressing amazement&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;До фига&lt;/strong&gt; - A lot of something&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Пошел на фиг&lt;/strong&gt; - F**k you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="968" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-13T21:19:40.073" LastActivityDate="2012-11-13T21:19:40.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="872" CreationDate="2012-11-10T15:29:54.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Хотя техническое построение фразы &quot;наказание, влекомое за преступлением&quot; верно, обычно употребляют иную конструкцию: &quot;преступление, влекущее наказание&quot;. &#xA;Почему так? Во втором предложении: &quot;человек, влекомый интересом к искусству&quot; пожалуй, нагляднее всего раскрывается смысл употребления слова &quot;влекомый&quot;. Объектом выступает в этом предложении &quot;искусство&quot;, оно воздействует на субъект (человека) и вызывает влечение. Объектом может выступать, как правило, идея, понятие, человек или даже неодушевленные предметы или животные, в зависимости от контекста. Но когда слово &quot;влекомый&quot; употребляют в контексте с неодушевленными предметами, то фраза приобретает некоторый метафорический подтекст. Например, в первом предложении: &quot;карета, влекомая лошадью&quot;, автор пытается изобразить, что в этом процессе передвижения кареты есть нечто волшебное, поэтому они применяет слово &quot;влекомый&quot;, который чаще употребляется в разговорах об идеях и понятиях, которые вызывают влечение. &#xA;Если вернутся к предложению: &quot;наказание, влекомое за преступлением&quot;, то в нем невозможно даже метафорически, что понятие &quot;наказание&quot; будет испытывать чувство влечения к понятию &quot;преступление&quot;. Здесь &quot;влекомое&quot; может выступать только в роли не очень удачного синонима фразы &quot;следующее за&quot;, то есть: &quot;наказание, следующее за преступлением&quot;.&#xA;Попробую перевести на английский.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though your example: &quot;преступление, влекомое наказанием&quot; technically correct, usually we use another phrase: &quot;преступление, влекущее наказание&quot;.&#xA;Why so? Perhaps in the second sentence: &quot;человек, влекомый интересом к искусству&quot; the meaning of the word &quot;влекомый&quot; is best revealed. &quot;Искусство&quot; is an object, it affects on subject (человек) and causes affection. Object can be an idea, conception, human or even inanimated thing or animal according to context. But when we use &quot;влекомый&quot; in context of inanimated things, the phrase takes on a metaphorical sense. For example, in the first sentence: &quot;карета, влекомая лошадью&quot;, author tried to show that in the process of coach's moving was something magic. That's why he used the word &quot;влекомый&quot;, which is usually used in talks about ideas and conceptions, which causes affection, causes sympathy or inspiration.&#xA;When we read the sentence: &quot;наказание, влекомое за преступлением&quot; we can't imagine, that even metaphorically &quot;наказание&quot; may have the feeling of attraction of &quot;преступление&quot;. In this sentence the word &quot;влекомое&quot; may be used as not very good synonym of &quot;следующее за&quot;: &quot;наказание, следующее за преступлением&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="969" LastActivityDate="2012-11-10T15:29:54.663" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1311" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1314" CreationDate="2012-11-10T18:31:21.573" Score="4" ViewCount="6267" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am having a hard time trying to get the exact meaning of &quot;криворукий&quot; because the online dictionaries that I tried refuse to translate it. Does it have anything to do with &quot;косорукий&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original sentence is: Монтажники - криворукие уроды: вместо того, чтобы просверлить аккуратную дырочку и завести провод в щиток, они просто оторвали щиток от стены и в образовавшуюся щель пропихнули провод.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-11-10T19:50:54.503" LastActivityDate="2012-11-11T12:11:57.080" Title="The meaning of &quot;криворукий&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1311" CreationDate="2012-11-10T18:33:26.520" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;those who can not fix/construct/build/make some stuff... comes from &quot;кривые руки&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="983" LastActivityDate="2012-11-10T18:33:26.520" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1311" CreationDate="2012-11-10T18:35:11.103" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's something in English would mean &lt;em&gt;butterfingered&lt;/em&gt;. Here, &lt;em&gt;криво&lt;/em&gt; means  &lt;em&gt;crooked&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;рукий&lt;/em&gt; is the adjective for &lt;em&gt;hand&lt;/em&gt;:  &lt;em&gt;handed&lt;/em&gt;. So, it expresses a lack of hability to physically perform something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2012-11-10T19:21:35.293" LastActivityDate="2012-11-10T19:21:35.293" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1311" CreationDate="2012-11-10T19:20:47.940" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Обычно не говорят &quot;косорукий&quot; - это словотворчество. Слово &quot;криворукий&quot; - это прилагательное, образованное в результате слияния двух слов &quot;кривой&quot; и &quot;руки&quot;. Это негативная характеристика человека, который плохо выполняет определенную работу руками или пальцами. Если он делает что-то неверным образом, нерационально, некачественно, то его обзывают &quot;криворукий&quot;. При этом, например, ученого выдвинувшего неверную теорию не назовут криворуким. А вот если ученый разбил чашку, то видевший это может обозвать ученого криворуким.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We don't use the word &quot;косорукий&quot;. The word &quot;криворукий&quot; is an adjective formed by two words: &quot;кривой&quot; and &quot;руки&quot;. And it's a negative characteristic of a person, who does some work (by hand or by fingers) badly. When he does something wrong, in irrational way or produces something of poor quality he is called &quot;криворукий&quot;. It's important to understand, that it's only characteristic for people who made something by hand. For example, nobody can say &quot;криворукий&quot; about the scientist who proposed wrong theory. But someone can say &quot;криворукий&quot;, when he see that this scientis has broke his cup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="969" LastActivityDate="2012-11-10T19:20:47.940" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1311" CreationDate="2012-11-10T19:37:06.100" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a person did something bad / awry / inaccurately, then they say about him &quot;криворукий&quot;. Is a colloquial expression. This expression is made up of the words &quot;curve&quot; and &quot;hand&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="985" LastActivityDate="2012-11-10T19:37:06.100" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1211" CreationDate="2012-11-10T22:38:26.997" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no simple rule about using “лежит на столе” and “стоит на столе”. We even have a joke&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Перед нами стол. На столе стакан и вилка. Что они делают? Стакан&#xA;  стоит, а вилка лежит. Если мы воткнем вилку в столешницу, вилка будет&#xA;  стоять. То есть стоят вертикальные предметы, а лежат горизонтальные?&#xA;  Добавляем на стол тарелку и сковороду. Они вроде горизонтальные, но на&#xA;  столе стоят. Теперь положим тарелку в сковородку. Там она лежит, а&#xA;  ведь на столе стояла. Может быть, стоят предметы готовые к&#xA;  использованию? Нет, вилка–то готова была, когда лежала. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Теперь на стол залезает кошка. Она может стоять, сидеть и лежать.&#xA;  Если в плане стояния и лежания она как–то лезет в логику&#xA;  &quot;вертикальный–горизонтальный&quot;, то сидение — это новое свойство. Сидит&#xA;  она на попе. Теперь на стол села птичка. Она на столе сидит, но сидит&#xA;  на ногах, а не на попе. Хотя вроде бы должна стоять. Но стоять она не&#xA;  может вовсе. Но если мы убьём бедную птичку и сделаем чучело, оно&#xA;  будет на столе стоять. Может показаться, что сидение — атрибут живого,&#xA;  но сапог на ноге тоже сидит, хотя он не живой и не имеет попы. Так&#xA;  что, поди ж пойми, что стоит, что лежит, а что сидит. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А мы ещё удивляемся, что иностранцы считают наш язык сложным и&#xA;  сравнивают с китайским.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="968" LastActivityDate="2012-11-10T22:38:26.997" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="419" CreationDate="2012-11-10T22:44:49.733" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;бросить - can be just &quot;put smth down&quot;, like, &quot;put the gun down&quot; - &quot;брось пистолет&quot;. &quot;кинь пистолет&quot; would be wrong. Also, I believe that &quot;бросить&quot; can be used as harmful action but &quot;кинуть&quot; can't.&#xA;кинуть - can mean deceive (slang).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe there is geographically difference in use of these two words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="780" LastActivityDate="2012-11-10T22:44:49.733" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1047" CreationDate="2012-11-10T22:57:55.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To illustrate the usage, here's a children's poem by Valentin Berestov:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Приятная весть. &#xA;&#xA; -Без четверти шесть!&#xA; Без пятнадцати шесть!&#xA; Хотите услышать &#xA; Приятную весть?&#xA;&#xA; -Так что же случилось &#xA; Без четверти шесть?&#xA; Какая такая &#xA; Приятная весть?&#xA;&#xA; -А то, что я сам, &#xA; Понимаете, САМ, &#xA; Умею часы &#xA; Узнавать по часам.&#xA;&#xA; -Ты прав. Так и есть, &#xA; Без пятнадцати шесть!&#xA; Спасибо тебе &#xA; За приятную весть!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that '&lt;em&gt;at&lt;/em&gt; a quarter to six' is also said &quot;без четверти шесть&quot;; no extra preposition here - unlike &quot;в шесть часов&quot;, &quot;в четверть шестого&quot; ('at a quarter &lt;em&gt;past five&lt;/em&gt;') - because there is already one preposition present, &quot;без&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="988" LastActivityDate="2012-11-10T22:57:55.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1062" CreationDate="2012-11-11T04:33:47.397" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The use of &lt;em&gt;теперь&lt;/em&gt; requires a temporal discourse antecedent: &quot;What time is it now? ... And now?&quot; You can only use &lt;em&gt;сейчас&lt;/em&gt; to answer the first question, but you can use &lt;em&gt;теперь&lt;/em&gt; to answer the second.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="992" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-11T09:02:20.427" LastActivityDate="2012-11-11T09:02:20.427" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1328" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1346" CreationDate="2012-11-11T23:50:37.703" Score="4" ViewCount="4432" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that nasals are used when pronouncing the interjection, but I always perceived the full form to be &quot;ага&quot;. I wonder what and when happened so that people started to write &quot;угу&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-08-08T09:42:44.087" Title="When and why &quot;угу&quot; replaced &quot;ага&quot;?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1328" CreationDate="2012-11-12T00:30:32.137" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, the two words are partial synonyms. 'Угу' is really pronounced with nasals, 'ага' is not, the vowels are fully articulated, but Г sounds different, it's a velar voiced fricative in 'ага'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both words are interjections. 'Угу' expresses agreement, consent, often an unwilling, reserved, or irritated one: &lt;em&gt;Ты меня понял, Шикалов? ― Угу, ― мрачно кивнул Шикалов.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Aга' also expresses agreement, consent, but a neutral one: &lt;em&gt;— Ага, — согласился Зубов и выпил.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, 'aга' expresses surprise, happiness: &lt;em&gt;— Ага, тут у вас и лимончик есть!&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;or the feeling of revelation, triumph (like English 'Gotcha!'): &lt;em&gt;Ага, вот ты где!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1005" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T00:30:32.137" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1330" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1328" CreationDate="2012-11-12T03:12:49.663" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, it's &quot;A-ha&quot; versus &quot;M-hm&quot;. Nobody actually says &quot;угу&quot;, they just reluctantly say &quot;ага&quot; with they mouth shut.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1006" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T03:12:49.663" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1289" CreationDate="2012-11-12T08:12:04.647" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, in many cases when in Russian someone uses an ellipsis (...) in English the em-dash (—) will be used instead. Here's what &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dash#Em_dash&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia writes on usage of the Em-dash&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also used to indicate that a sentence is unfinished because the speaker has been interrupted. For example, the em dash is used in the following way in Joseph Heller's Catch-22:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;He was Cain, Ulysses, the Flying Dutchman; he was Lot in Sodom, Deirdre of the Sorrows, Sweeney in the nightingales among trees. He was the miracle ingredient Z-147. He was—&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&amp;quot;Crazy!&amp;quot; Clevinger interrupted, shrieking. &amp;quot;That's what you are! Crazy!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&amp;quot;—immense. I'm a real, slam-bang, honest-to-goodness, three-fisted humdinger. I'm a bona fide supraman.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, it can be used instead of an ellipsis to indicate aposiopesis, the rhetorical device by which a sentence is stopped short not because of interruption but because the speaker is too emotional to continue, such as Darth Vader's line &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;I sense something; a presence I've not felt since—&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T08:12:04.647" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-12-01T15:28:21.397" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1003" CreationDate="2012-11-12T10:44:54.433" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the point of style, the form with non-synchronized case in parentheses reflects colloquial speech. I would not recommend using it in an article, but in the mail it's perfectly suitable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The form with commas is neutral, in theory commas can be replaced with dashes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Из &quot;Преступления и наказания&quot; Ф.Достоевского - моего любимого романа - ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(which one to use is a matter of personal preference).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is, however, another problem with this phrase: syntactically it's not perfectly clear whether &quot;моего любимого романа&quot; refers to the book or to the writer. Taking into account that &quot;роман&quot; can also mean love affair, we end up with a funny-looking sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There can be several ways to remedy this problem, the easiest one would be to make sure that the words &quot;novel&quot; and &quot;Dostoevsky&quot; are not in the same case, this way you get rid of the ambiguity for sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В моем любимом романе Достоевского - &quot;Преступлении и наказании&quot; -&#xA;  говорится о том, что...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, if you mean that this is your favorite book in principle, you might be able drop the name of the author completely, depending on the context. It's common knowledge that Crime and Punishment is written by Dostoevsky, and this book is part of the obligatory high school curriculum. But this is only valid for that particular example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="776" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T10:44:54.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="419" CreationDate="2012-11-12T10:49:23.343" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say there is a slight difference between &lt;em&gt;кинуть&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;бросить&lt;/em&gt; in the meaning &lt;em&gt;to throw&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кинуть&lt;/em&gt; implies &lt;em&gt;to propel&lt;/em&gt; something, throw with some force in a particular direction, for example &lt;em&gt;кинуть камень в окно&lt;/em&gt;: one actually throws the stone into the window.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Бросить&lt;/em&gt; has a slight connotation of &lt;em&gt;to let go&lt;/em&gt;, and is related to the meaning &lt;em&gt;stop doing something&lt;/em&gt; (in this case, &lt;em&gt;stop carrying&lt;/em&gt;), for example &lt;em&gt;бросить сумку на пол&lt;/em&gt;: one just lets go the bag and falls to the floor on its own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nonetheless, both words are often used interchangeably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for other meanings of the words, other answers summarize them quite well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T10:49:23.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1328" CreationDate="2012-11-12T14:27:11.023" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ага&quot; гораздо ближе к &quot;да&quot;, нежели &quot;угу&quot;. &quot;Угу&quot; обычно говорят, когда тема разговора неинтересна и угукают только для того, чтобы хоть что-то сказать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="744" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T14:27:11.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1335" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="419" CreationDate="2012-11-12T15:29:21.617" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Criminal slang &quot;кидать&quot; is not exactly &quot;to betray&quot;, more likely it means &quot;to cheat&quot;.&#xA;&quot;Кинуть лоха&quot; is &quot;to make some business, often illegal, with the victim, and then disappear with all his money&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although, &quot;кидать&quot; is similar to &quot;покидать&quot;, &quot;to leave someone&quot;, and in this case it's close to &quot;to betray&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1017" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T15:29:21.617" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2" CreationDate="2012-11-12T19:54:45.237" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Simply colloquial vs. formal, BUT:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try to use these:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Приветствую!&lt;/strong&gt; (I've just been introduced to you, but I'd like to show that I'm a nice and merry guy!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Здравствуй!&lt;/strong&gt; (Actually, we know each other, and you're like no more than 20 years older than me, but who ever cares? Just Здравствуй!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;И Вам доброго здравия!&lt;/strong&gt; (You greeted me in a very unusual way? So, I will try to do the same by saying this one! And I see you're already smiling back!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Желаю здравствовать!&lt;/strong&gt; (I'm an aristocratic man from the 19th century in my 20s/30s and I'd like to greet you, dear lady. So I Желаю здравствовать!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Почитаю приятным долгом засвидетельствовать Вам моё почтение&lt;/strong&gt;. (Same as the previous one but much much much more obsolete).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Рад(-а) Вас (тебя) видеть!&lt;/strong&gt; (I'm amazingly glad to see you, and I haven't seen you for so long).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Да мы тыщу лет не виделись!&lt;/strong&gt; (Hey, my friend! Like a few infinities have passed by since last time we've met! Forget about everything you have to do, let's go and drink some coffee and chat!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1022" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T19:54:45.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1047" CreationDate="2012-11-12T20:30:53.357" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;00:00&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;полночь&lt;/strong&gt; (midnight)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;00:05&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;пять минут первого&lt;/strong&gt; (but people will sooner tell you &quot;it's midnight&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;00:15&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;пятнадцать минут первого&lt;/strong&gt; (actually, try to notice that people often ask you &quot;what time is it?&quot; and when you look at your watch, it's almost always 15 minutes! Wooo!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;00:25&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;двадцать пять минут первого&lt;/strong&gt; (but people would sooner tell you &quot;it's half past midnight&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;00:30&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;половина первого / полпервого&lt;/strong&gt; (&quot;it's half past midnight&quot; from roughly 00:26 to 00:34)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;00:40&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;сорок минут первого&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;без двадцати час&lt;/strong&gt; (60 minus 40, yeah!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;00:45&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;без пятнадцати час / без четверти час&lt;/strong&gt; (fifteen, or a quarter)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;00:50&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;без десяти час&lt;/strong&gt; (simple and clear)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;00:59&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;час ночи&lt;/strong&gt; (yeah, people will tell you as if it is 01:00 already. Of course, some would tell you smth like &quot;без минуты час&quot;, but whatever... Also, alothough, it's clear that 00:59 is night time, still we say &quot;ночи&quot; to separate it from 12:59 and 01:00 PM).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you enlighten other people of what time it is, you can always say it's XX:XX, if the first number is more than zero:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;01:20 - час двадцать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;04:45 - четыре сорок пять&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;11:15 - одиннадцать пятнадцать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;17:50 - семнадцать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is unbelievably normal. Or you can also use it with the patterns I've written above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only thing you should remember - never use the XX:XX pattern when it's 00:XX - use only the general patterns above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1022" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T20:30:53.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1340" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-12T22:05:23.887" Score="3" ViewCount="447" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm doing subtitles for the Soviet cult film, &quot;Чучело&quot;, 1983, directed by Rolan Bykov:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0085335/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0085335/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the key words in the film is the Soviet ideological term, &quot;трудовой десант&quot;. That means, when, say, a whole school volunteers to work somewhere, for example, at a collective farm for some time, and they earn money for that. My question is: how can I translate the term &quot;трудовой десант&quot; in a way that English-speaking people could understand that? &lt;br/&gt;My own variants are two:&lt;br/&gt; 1. literary translation, 'labour landing' - I leave it in quotation marks and let the audience guess what it is by what they see next in the film; and&lt;br/&gt; 2. 'volunteer job' - that's the variant which explains the idea of what they do, but 'volunteering' typically means no payment, that's why I don't like it...&#xA;&lt;br/&gt;Please, share your ideas on the way this Soviet term can be translated, because it's crucial for the understanding of the film, I'd like the people who watch it get the meaning of it at once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1005" LastEditorUserId="1005" LastEditDate="2012-11-12T22:18:32.737" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T22:18:32.737" Title="What is the English for 'трудовой десант'?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="10" ClosedDate="2012-11-12T22:24:01.840" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1341" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1343" CreationDate="2012-11-12T23:18:50.050" Score="12" ViewCount="3184" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've only read and heard &lt;em&gt;нету&lt;/em&gt; in unformal contexts (Or I somehow associate this to kids saying &lt;em&gt;нету&lt;/em&gt; as a cool version of &lt;em&gt;нет&lt;/em&gt;, but that's just an impression based on a lack of practice of Russian, so I'm sure I'm wrong). &lt;a href=&quot;http://lingvopro.abbyyonline.com/en/Translate/en-ru/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83&quot;&gt;Lingvo&lt;/a&gt; just says it means нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When can one use &lt;em&gt;нету&lt;/em&gt;? Would you answer your boss with &lt;em&gt;нету, начальник&lt;/em&gt; ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-11-13T06:25:31.420" LastActivityDate="2012-11-24T14:16:20.113" Title="When can one use &quot;нету&quot; instead of &quot;нет&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1341" CreationDate="2012-11-12T23:38:03.997" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're right in filing 'нет' as formal and 'нету' as informal. If you feel your boss is even 1% on informal terms with you, you can use 'нету'. But still, both 'нет' and 'нету' are &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; suitable. That's true, if you say 'нету' to your boss, the boss won't think you're too unceremonious with her|him [unless s|he's an extremist grammar-nazi :D]. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1005" LastActivityDate="2012-11-12T23:38:03.997" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1341" CreationDate="2012-11-13T00:54:36.780" Score="14" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You can use “нету” in informal speech only. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The word “нету” is an informal form of “нет”. You can always use “нет” instead of “нету”. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When “нет” is used to express absence of something (when one would use an expression like “does not have”, “am not”, or “there is no” in English), you can use “нету” instead of “нет”:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня нету денег. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Его нету дома.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In other cases, you cannot use “нету” instead of “нет”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Вы написали письмо? &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  — &lt;strong&gt;Нет&lt;/strong&gt;, не написал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нет&lt;/strong&gt;, я не Байрон, я другой, ещё неведомый избранник... (М. Ю. Лермонтов).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это произойдёт, хотим мы этого или &lt;strong&gt;нет&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="222" LastEditorUserId="222" LastEditDate="2012-11-15T19:11:50.867" LastActivityDate="2012-11-15T19:11:50.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="708" CreationDate="2012-11-13T00:59:57.527" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Рисунок, детально поясняющий степени родства:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GRFhY.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1025" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-11-13T18:50:39.030" LastActivityDate="2012-11-13T18:50:39.030" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1341" CreationDate="2012-11-13T05:37:14.640" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нету&lt;/em&gt; is a conversational word. You shouldn't use it in commercial correspondence or business books.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nope&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;не-а!&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt;. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Ты пойдешь со мной? &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  — Не-а!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— У тебя книга с собой?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  — Не.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike &lt;em&gt;nope&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;нету&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;always&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;haven't got something&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;У меня нету с собой книги&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2012-11-13T07:47:17.107" LastActivityDate="2012-11-13T07:47:17.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1328" CreationDate="2012-11-13T08:09:11.140" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't say that &lt;em&gt;угу&lt;/em&gt; replaced &lt;em&gt;ага&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/ngram.xml?mode=main&amp;amp;t1=%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0&amp;amp;t2=%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83&amp;amp;start=1680&amp;amp;end=2012&amp;amp;smoothing=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;According to the corpora&lt;/a&gt;, the usage frequency has been growing in parallel, &lt;em&gt;угу&lt;/em&gt; always being less frequent than &lt;em&gt;ага&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The meaning of the two words is more or less the same:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Большой толковый словарь: УГУ, частица. &lt;em&gt;Разг.-сниж.&lt;/em&gt; Выражает согласие с чем-л., подтверждение чего-л.; да, так. &lt;br/&gt;— Вы хотите пить? — Угу. &lt;br/&gt;— Надо выйти из вагона. — Угу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Большой толковый словарь: АГА [aha]. частица. &lt;em&gt;Разг.-сниж.&lt;/em&gt; Употр. для выражения согласия, подтверждения; да, хорошо, так. &lt;em&gt;Встретились? — Ага.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ага&lt;/em&gt; can also have an additional emotional meaning, which &lt;em&gt;угу&lt;/em&gt; does not have:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Большой толковый словарь: &lt;em&gt;межд.&lt;/em&gt; Выражает злорадство, торжество, замешательство и т.п. &lt;em&gt;Ага, Мамон! дрожишь передо мною&lt;/em&gt; (Пушкин).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2012-11-13T08:09:11.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1341" CreationDate="2012-11-13T08:45:35.060" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Vasmer, &lt;em&gt;нету&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;нет&lt;/em&gt; both originated from Old Russian &lt;em&gt;нѣту&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;нѣтъ&lt;/em&gt; from the older &lt;em&gt;не ѥ тъ, не ѥ ту&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;тъ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ту&lt;/em&gt; are sg. acc. from improper pronouns &lt;em&gt;тъ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;та&lt;/em&gt; (in modern Russian &lt;em&gt;тот&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;та&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Originally both words meant &quot;there is no&quot; (with respect to gender), however, later the gender distinction was lost, and yet later the latter also has come to mean &quot;not&quot; (along with the old meaning) and the former became colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нету&lt;/em&gt; can only mean &quot;there is no&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;― Всё. Больше никаких вещей нету. ― Спасибо, ― сказал Андрей, убирая письмо в карман. &lt;em&gt;[Виктор Пелевин. Желтая стрела (1993)]&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As with other colloquial but not rude words, it's OK to use this word in informal speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This word is considered a little bit childish though, so it's OK to answer your boss &lt;em&gt;нету&lt;/em&gt; in a private informal conversation but not on an official meeting or in business communication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-11-15T11:59:09.213" LastActivityDate="2012-11-15T11:59:09.213" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1348" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1351" CreationDate="2012-11-13T12:04:45.237" Score="9" ViewCount="1138" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the correct punctuation in the following usage of что:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты что с ума сошел?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он что сам не может справиться?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я что дура?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should there be a comma, a dash or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, as additional bonus questions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What part of speech is что here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is there a special name/term for this usage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-11-20T14:59:13.907" Title="What's the correct punctuation for что in &quot;Ты что с ума сошел?&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1328" CreationDate="2012-11-13T12:54:21.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is also typical to use 'Ага' to express sudden discovery of hidden link, like 'Bingo!'. Imagine you explore some complex machinery and as you push some buttons in some particular sequence, a hatch opens somewhere, and you suddenly understand why it happened or how it worked. 'Ага..' exclaim you to yourself :) But never 'угу'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1031" LastEditorUserId="1031" LastEditDate="2012-11-13T13:05:34.317" LastActivityDate="2012-11-13T13:05:34.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1348" CreationDate="2012-11-13T12:57:59.847" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are clarification questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ты что, с ума сошел?&#xA;Он что, сам не может справиться?&#xA;Я что, дура?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Что&lt;/em&gt; is interrogative pronoun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastActivityDate="2012-11-13T12:57:59.847" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1348" CreationDate="2012-11-13T13:05:31.210" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess in this context &quot;что&quot; is extremely close to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category%3aRussian_interrogative_particles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;interrogative particle&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Polish, as well as in Ukrainian there &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/czy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;exists&lt;/a&gt; &lt;code&gt;czy&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;чи&lt;/code&gt;), that interrogative particle is used in yes-no questions. For example, phrase, provided in above-mentioned link &quot;Czy ten pan jest z Anglii?&quot;, can be translated &quot;Этот господин из Англии&quot; as well as it can be translated &quot;Этот господин [он] что, из Англии&quot;? Also, this can be translated with another interrogative particle, &lt;code&gt;ли&lt;/code&gt;:&#xA;&quot;Этот господин из Англии ли&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's look close to your examples, actually, all of them can be replaced by following forms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты с ума сошёл что ли?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я дура что ли?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он сам не может справиться что ли? (Or - он, что ли, сам не может справиться?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что ли&lt;/code&gt; is, by the way, yet another form of interrogative particle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's just that in Russian this  form with &quot;что&quot; is definitely have some stylistical connotations. Compare: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Хочешь булочку?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Ты что, хочешь булочку&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In second case one who asks this question is assuming that the answer most probably will be affirmative. Also, such &quot;что&quot;-questions is a bit pathetical (&quot;Мы что же это, Родину предадим?&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for punctuation, stick with comma after &quot;что&quot;, but keep in mind that in some cases when you want to separate second part more clearly, you can use dash as well. In some phrases, especially short ones, you can omit comma at all, no one will judge you hard. By doing this you can convey liveliness of colloquial speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-11-13T13:37:32.403" LastActivityDate="2012-11-13T13:37:32.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1328" CreationDate="2012-11-13T21:57:30.170" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually here is a good example illustrating the difference between &lt;em&gt;ага&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;угу&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Посетитель ресторана, старый еврей, обращается к официанту, тоже еврею, но молодому:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Мойша, попробуй суп!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Что такое? Это такой же суп, как всегда.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Попробуй!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Да я же никогда не подавал вам плохой суп!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — А я тебе говорю: попробуй!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Ну хорошо, хорошо, попробую... А где же ложка?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Ага! — говорит посетитель.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1042" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-08-08T09:42:44.087" LastActivityDate="2014-08-08T09:42:44.087" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1353" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-13T22:17:43.960" Score="1" ViewCount="627" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seem alternative spellings of this name listed as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Samovojska&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Samovojsky&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Samovosky&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Samosky&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a Rus surname?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the origin or root meaning of this surname?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="304" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T14:00:59.657" Title="What is the root meaning of the name 'Samovojska'?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1353" CreationDate="2012-11-13T22:46:27.433" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The last one is from Poland (or Ukraine or other surround territories). The root actually refers to the native territory of this person - city or village.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;usefull reference about russian last names &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.genway.ru/lib/allfam/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.genway.ru/lib/allfam/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1044" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-13T23:03:23.503" LastActivityDate="2012-11-13T23:03:23.503" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1356" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1341" CreationDate="2012-11-13T22:49:45.473" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard recently that &lt;code&gt;нету&lt;/code&gt; is not in use anymore. That somehow this word is incorrect. So you better use simple &lt;code&gt;нет&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1045" LastActivityDate="2012-11-13T22:49:45.473" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1060" CreationDate="2012-11-14T03:43:04.937" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Серый&lt;/strong&gt; is also meaning a wolf, &lt;strong&gt;зеленый&lt;/strong&gt; - an unripe fruit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1025" LastActivityDate="2012-11-14T03:43:04.937" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1359" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1374" CreationDate="2012-11-14T10:16:03.543" Score="13" ViewCount="10481" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like any language, Russian has plenty of words of foreign origin.  Specifically: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;there are lots of words from Latin (most likely, because Latin was wide-spread from old time), e.g. &lt;em&gt;вакуум&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;диссертация&lt;/em&gt; and many other (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%3a%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot;&gt;this wiki article&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;there are many words of French origin (because Russians have been fascinated with French culture, etc., especially in 18-19 centuries), for example &lt;em&gt;шансон&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;авангард&lt;/em&gt; and many other.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;German words are aplenty (most likely, because historically Russians have been in - often unpleasant - communication with Germans), e.g. &lt;em&gt;шлагбаум&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;гастарбайтер&lt;/em&gt; and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Quite a few English-origin words are present (probably, because English is so wide spread), for example, &lt;em&gt;джинсы&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;компьютер&lt;/em&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possibly including these, what are the top 5 sources of loan words in Russian?  If you can explain why many words from those languages came into Russian, that could be worth extra points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-11-14T11:18:54.763" LastActivityDate="2019-10-08T04:44:32.040" Title="Words in Russian of foreign origin" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-10-08T07:41:48.907" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1359" CreationDate="2012-11-14T11:54:59.823" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a few of Japanese words in Russian, such as самурай, банзай, хокку, каратэ, цунами etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some Chinese words - женьшень, тайфун, чай, шарпей, хунвэйбин, фэншуй etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А lot of Turkic words - башка, сундук, казна, утюг, чугун, шашлык, алыча, амбар, сарай, халат etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some Greek words - анафема, ангел, демон, известь, сахар, скамья, фонарь, фасоль etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some Spanish words - армада, марихуана, хунта, фламенко, мачо, коррида etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1025" LastActivityDate="2012-11-14T11:54:59.823" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-10-08T07:41:48.907" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1359" CreationDate="2012-11-14T14:57:24.007" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The words are often borrowed from another language if &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;there is a strong influence of one culture on another for historic reasons, e.g. the Dutch in Russia during Peter I, the Germans in Russia in the times of Catherine the Great etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;some field of knowledge is being created primarily in one country and does not yet exist in other languages (e.g. quantum physics in Germany in 1930s or computer science in &#xA;England and then the US in the second half of 20th century etc).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An item or category is closely associated with another language culture, such as &lt;em&gt;chanson&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;junta&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;samurai&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly, sometimes the very process of such borrowing is influenced by the current relations between the countries/cultures. For example, in the 18th century the Germans were considered much better educated than the Russians, and such influence was welcome. In the first half of the 20th century the relations were spoiled, and the influence on the language went as far as renaming Petersbourg (which in fact had little to do with the German language) to Petrograd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2012-11-14T14:57:24.007" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-10-08T07:41:48.907" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1359" CreationDate="2012-11-14T15:00:00.397" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was a long period in history when the territory of modern Russia was dependent on Golden Horde, then Russia fought many wars against the Ottoman Empire and Crimean Khanate, so this yielded in a large number of Turkic words. See this &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;. I was surprised to find so many words that do not seem to have Turkic origin, but still they do, e.g. &quot;хозяин&quot;, &quot;жесть&quot;, &quot;серьга&quot;, &quot;стакан&quot;, &quot;очаг&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastEditorUserId="959" LastEditDate="2012-11-14T15:11:12.333" LastActivityDate="2012-11-14T15:11:12.333" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-10-08T07:41:48.907" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="617" CreationDate="2012-11-15T20:58:31.817" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just say &quot;sorry, ...&quot; (&quot;простите / извините&quot;) in situations like that. Moreover, it's more or less okay to use &quot;sorry&quot; with people you know but whose names you don't remember (I used to begin most of conversations with my teachers at the university with &quot;sorry&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1069" LastActivityDate="2012-11-15T20:58:31.817" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="187" CreationDate="2012-11-16T10:39:57.827" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ахуеть&quot; - more cheeky and emotional spoken form of the word &quot;охуеть&quot;. Approximately &quot;очень охуеть = ахуеть&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1073" LastEditorUserId="1073" LastEditDate="2012-11-16T10:51:58.700" LastActivityDate="2012-11-16T10:51:58.700" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1370" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="187" CreationDate="2012-11-16T11:49:54.383" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Ахуеть&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is acceptable. When you use it, you care about expressing your strong emotions, and as this word is obscene, grammar steps aside anyway. Also, this misspelling can express intonation and additional information about your feelings that are difficult to express in written form, you can show the extreme astonishment, maybe mixed with anger, deviding the word into syllables, as if you said &lt;strong&gt;&quot;о-ху-еть!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastActivityDate="2012-11-16T11:49:54.383" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="617" CreationDate="2012-11-16T16:27:34.660" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Немного устаревшее, но до сих пор встречающееся сейчас обращение &lt;em&gt;сударь/сударыня&lt;/em&gt;. Лучше всего подойдет в форме обращения к официанту: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Сударь, налейте чашку кофе&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1076" LastActivityDate="2012-11-16T16:27:34.660" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="450" CreationDate="2012-11-16T18:19:42.767" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если говорится о порции пива, то можно сказать в множественном числе: &quot;Дайте, пожалуйста, два пива.&quot; (Если речь идет о двух бокалах или двух бутылках пива, например.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1078" LastActivityDate="2012-11-16T18:19:42.767" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1359" CreationDate="2012-11-16T20:01:43.197" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, the best way to think about the borrowed words in Russian is from a historical prospective.  The influx of foreign words came in waves depending on what country or culture had influence in Russia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Byzantine influence and conversion to Christianity: influx of Greek words&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mongol conquest: influx of Turkic words&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The reign of Peter the Great: influx of German and Dutch words&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Middle of the 18-th century though the 19th century: nobility speaks French, influx of French words&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;End of 20-th century, perestroyka and post-soviet Russia, globalization: influx of English words&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2013-11-12T16:25:45.510" LastActivityDate="2013-11-12T16:25:45.510" CommentCount="5" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-10-08T07:41:48.907" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="467" CreationDate="2012-11-17T09:37:22.203" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;МАСС-МЕДИА неизм.; ж.&#xA;Средства массовой информации (пресса, телевидение, радио и т.п.). Западная, отечественная м.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1083" LastActivityDate="2012-11-17T09:37:22.203" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1377" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1380" CreationDate="2012-11-17T21:08:28.353" Score="11" ViewCount="1937" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am aware of two meanings of the word “акция”. It may mean &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a stock (a financial instrument), or&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a political, diplomatic or military act. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I was in Moscow a few months ago, I saw ads that read &lt;em&gt;“У нас акция”&lt;/em&gt;, meaning “We have a sale”. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does the word “акция” mean in this sentence? Is it a new meaning? Does the word “акция” have any other meanings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="222" LastEditorUserId="27" LastEditDate="2012-11-18T13:16:40.967" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T08:12:33.740" Title="What does “акция” mean in this sentence?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1377" CreationDate="2012-11-17T21:21:04.097" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;АКЦИЯ, -и; ж. [от лат. aсtio - действие]. Офиц.&#xA;Действие, выступление кого-л., предпринимаемое для достижения какой-л. цели; акт (1 зн.). Дипломатическая а. Политическая, террористическая а. А. милосердия. Кем-л. принята, совершена новая а. Осуществить задуманную акцию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?lop=x&amp;amp;bts=x&amp;amp;zar=x&amp;amp;ag=x&amp;amp;ab=x&amp;amp;sin=x&amp;amp;lv=x&amp;amp;az=x&amp;amp;pe=x&amp;amp;word=%E0%EA%F6%E8%FF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?lop=x&amp;amp;bts=x&amp;amp;zar=x&amp;amp;ag=x&amp;amp;ab=x&amp;amp;sin=x&amp;amp;lv=x&amp;amp;az=x&amp;amp;pe=x&amp;amp;word=%E0%EA%F6%E8%FF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В данном случае &quot;акция&quot; есть действия, направленные на привлечение внимания к конкретному бренду. Например, продажа по заниженной цене. Это рекламная акция.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Применительно к Москве &quot;акция&quot;, как правило, идет постоянно, никаких реально занижаемых цен при [рекламной] акции не бывает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="744" LastActivityDate="2012-11-17T21:21:04.097" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="187" CreationDate="2012-11-18T00:07:26.600" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to add to the above because there is one point missed. For me as for a native speaker and active Internet-user the word &lt;code&gt;ахуеть&lt;/code&gt; belongs to so-called &quot;&lt;em&gt;Albanian language&lt;/em&gt;&quot; which is a trend to write words phonetically (and is not related to real Albanian language at all of course). This style was popular in Internet-communications a few years ago. Compare to well-known words &lt;code&gt;&quot;Превед&quot;&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;привет&quot;), &lt;code&gt;&quot;фтопку&quot;&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;в топку&quot;) and other similar Internet-mems. Today this &quot;&lt;em&gt;Albanian style&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is not as popular but it engendered a few of stable words which are still used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally to phonetic writing the word &lt;code&gt;&quot;Ахуеть&quot;&lt;/code&gt; is related to the noun &lt;code&gt;&quot;Ахуй&quot;&lt;/code&gt; which was constructed recently too (at the least in Internet time) and means highest level of surprising. I would say from my experience that &lt;code&gt;&quot;ахуеть&quot;&lt;/code&gt; means more positive surprising, rather than &lt;code&gt;&quot;охуеть&quot;&lt;/code&gt; which sounds more aggressive. &lt;code&gt;&quot;Ты чо, охуел, что-ли!?&quot;&lt;/code&gt; expresses that the speaker does not like what the 2nd person did and expresses aggressive displeasure. I would ever say that &lt;code&gt;&quot;охуеть&quot;&lt;/code&gt; always shows negative emotions, though this may be not stressed. &lt;code&gt;&quot;Ахуеть&quot;&lt;/code&gt; does not have the aggressive connotation, this is pure surprising.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the word &lt;code&gt;&quot;Ахуеть&quot;&lt;/code&gt; 1) follows the rules of phonetically-based &quot;&lt;em&gt;albanian language&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and 2) expresses surprising w/o aggressive connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course as consequence of 1) the word is grammatically incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Also there is stable popular sentence &quot;Ахуеть, дайте две&quot; which is explained at &lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.to/%D0%90%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C,_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;lurkmore&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="564" LastEditorUserId="564" LastEditDate="2012-11-18T00:12:38.910" LastActivityDate="2012-11-18T00:12:38.910" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1377" CreationDate="2012-11-18T07:17:39.103" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning here is close to second statement proposed: &quot;a political, diplomatic or military act&quot;, because it is an &quot;&lt;strong&gt;action of sale&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, which sounds silly in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Акция&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is an abridged version of &lt;em&gt;&quot;рекламная акция&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, а popular term emerged in the 90s in post-soviet territory. &lt;em&gt;&quot;Рекламная акция&quot;&lt;/em&gt; could, but shouldn't be translated as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;an action of advertisement&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, because it sounds silly in English too. What it really means is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;an action of product or service promotion&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. And product promotion in Russia is a sale in 90% of cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no other meaning of &lt;em&gt;&quot;акция&quot;&lt;/em&gt; I can think of, so if you see a word &lt;em&gt;&quot;акция&quot;&lt;/em&gt; again in unknown context, I suggest that it is more likely an act of something, and not a stock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1090" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-10-22T16:37:21.437" LastActivityDate="2014-10-22T16:37:21.437" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="467" CreationDate="2012-11-18T10:53:22.907" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use &quot;эфирные медиа&quot; or &quot;эфирные сми&quot; but it is not a widespread phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1091" LastActivityDate="2012-11-18T10:53:22.907" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1062" CreationDate="2012-11-18T15:45:43.797" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Для данного примера - наречие &quot;теперь&quot; более конкретное, чем &quot;сейчас&quot;.&#xA;Когда вы говорите &quot;Я теперь работаю в Microsoft&quot; - это вы подчеркиваете, что работа в Microsoft ваша новая (или относительно новая) работа.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;А из &quot;Я сейчас работаю в Microsoft&quot; понятно только, что вы сейчас работаете.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Т.е. чтобы точно решить какой вариант более правильный, нужно знать контекст, в котором вы используете это предложение. Более универсальный вариант - &quot;Я сейчас работаю в Microsoft&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1093" LastActivityDate="2012-11-18T15:45:43.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1377" CreationDate="2012-11-19T03:22:53.663" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Акция&lt;/em&gt; is a promotional event in this case. For example, &lt;em&gt;акция&lt;/em&gt; may be a discount, a gift or two-for-one thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Скидка 50% на холодильник до 15 декабря&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При покупке шубы - брюки в подарок&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 шарфа по цене одного&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-11-19T03:37:24.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1359" CreationDate="2012-11-19T04:57:26.737" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As mentioned above, main sources of borrowing words are cultural, military, technical and other contacts. But, these words oftenly got special, particular meaning, slightly different from its original sense. Sometimes they could be completely distorted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian phrase &quot;рынду бей&quot; borrowed from English navy command &quot;ring the bell&quot; (issue general alarm on a ship), but verb and noun were mutually changed - 'ring' became &quot;рында&quot;, i.e ship bell and 'bell' came to 'бей'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian word 'фюрер' was borrowed from Deutsch 'führer' and strongly related with Hitler, but in sense 'leader' it is still used in German language like 'Geschäftsführer'(CEO).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="637" LastActivityDate="2012-11-19T04:57:26.737" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-10-08T07:41:48.907" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="187" CreationDate="2012-11-19T05:04:07.570" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;'ахуеть' is a deliberate distortion of spelling (missplelling of) 'охуеть', like 'dat' instead 'that' in english.&#xA;so it's written as heard and more expressively. used in texting, IRC, ICQ, etc.&#xA;word 'ахуеть' spread widely. google result 1,030,000 vs 'охуеть' with 921,000 results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1096" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-11-19T08:47:49.767" LastActivityDate="2012-11-19T08:47:49.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1386" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-19T11:03:58.030" Score="11" ViewCount="1062" Body="&lt;p&gt;What exactly do these words mean? How can you correctly use them in speech?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that &quot;портак&quot; is some sort of a prison tattoo, but then what does &quot;напортачил&quot; mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1098" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2012-12-09T10:49:30.033" LastActivityDate="2013-01-07T13:44:55.430" Title="What is the meaning of &quot;напортачил&quot; and &quot;портак&quot;?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1386" CreationDate="2012-11-19T11:16:03.963" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Напортачил&lt;/em&gt; means that someone has failed to do his work right, maybe has spoiled expensive materials. When you &lt;em&gt;напортачил&lt;/em&gt;, you have to apply too much effort to correct your mistake, sometimes it is even impossible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Напортачить&lt;/em&gt; comes from &lt;em&gt;портак&lt;/em&gt; because a spoiled tattoo is a very good example. Also, prison tattoos are low-quality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Напортачить&lt;/em&gt; is strictly colloquial. Some colloquial synonyms are &lt;em&gt;накосячить&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;налажать&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;набедокурить&lt;/em&gt;. An idiom &lt;em&gt;наломать дров&lt;/em&gt; has the same meaning, but is more widely used. Use &lt;em&gt;наделать ошибок&lt;/em&gt; in most cases and see Quassnoi's comment for good examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastEditorUserId="959" LastEditDate="2012-11-19T12:45:14.513" LastActivityDate="2012-11-19T12:45:14.513" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1386" CreationDate="2012-11-19T12:27:32.977" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Портачить&lt;/em&gt; is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://ozhegov.info/slovar/?q=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;dictionary word&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ПОРТАЧИТЬ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-чу, -чишь; несов. (прост.). Плохо, неумело или небрежно делать что-н., портить. || сов. напортачить, -чу, -чишь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kobyakov in &lt;em&gt;Бессмертный дар&lt;/em&gt; argues that &lt;em&gt;портачить&lt;/em&gt; originates from &lt;em&gt;порт&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;linen fabric&amp;quot;), having the same root as &lt;em&gt;портной, портки, портянка&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;пороть&lt;/em&gt;, which is a remote cognate to English &amp;quot;fare&amp;quot; (both originate from PIE &lt;em&gt;*per&lt;/em&gt;, &amp;quot;to pass through&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He explains that the serf tailors often spoiled their masters' fabric so this previously neutral word came to mean &amp;quot;to bungle, to spoil&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, he does not provide any sources for that, and this explanation seems quite implausible to me, since the word did not come into any significant use until 1930's.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-11-19T13:15:03.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-19T13:28:53.880" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;бОшки&quot; пожалуй корректнее. &#xA;Например &quot;бестолковые бОшки&quot;. бывают в разговорной речи и &quot;глупые башкИ&quot;, но реже.&#xA;можно и башОк.&#xA;&quot;гатожь - связка рыбы в дюжину башок&quot;&#xA;Также:&#xA;&quot;бОшки поотрываю&quot;&#xA;&quot;стукнулись башкАми&quot;&#xA;И - можно и &quot;глупым башкАм&quot; и &quot;глупым бОшкам&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1100" LastActivityDate="2012-11-19T13:28:53.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="747" CreationDate="2012-11-19T13:40:01.077" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть еще слово &quot;святоша&quot;. Он может быть как лицемером, так и нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1100" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-19T14:39:44.087" LastActivityDate="2012-11-19T14:39:44.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="187" CreationDate="2012-11-19T21:49:33.283" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm Russian teen, I don't speak English, but I tell you:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;ахуеть&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;охуеть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But! You can use this word only with your friends, because it is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;матерное&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (abusive, obscene, worthless, foul, cheap (Google translate)) word.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You can use this word for description very different emotions and situations.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ахуеть (охуеть)! Я не ожидал от него такого плохого отношения!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  У него ахуенная (охуенная) стрижка.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Охуеть (ахуеть) можно от такого количества домашней работы.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1102" LastEditorUserId="109" LastEditDate="2012-11-20T09:25:14.247" LastActivityDate="2012-11-20T09:25:14.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1386" CreationDate="2012-11-20T05:48:56.057" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Note that in prisoners' slang &lt;em&gt;портак&lt;/em&gt; (tattoo) is often pronounced and spelt as &lt;em&gt;партак&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the army slang &lt;em&gt;портак&lt;/em&gt; is a short name for &lt;em&gt;портупея&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;shoulder belt, Sam Browne Belt&quot;): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;— Подтянуть портаки!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="637" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-11-20T09:27:34.693" LastActivityDate="2012-11-20T09:27:34.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1348" CreationDate="2012-11-20T07:24:57.957" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to paragraph 158 of Russian orthography and punctuation rules as of 1956:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Запятая ставится после слов &lt;strong&gt;да&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;конечно&lt;/strong&gt; и т. п., обозначающих&#xA;утверждение, после &lt;strong&gt;нет&lt;/strong&gt;, обозначающего отрицание, после &lt;strong&gt;как же&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;что же&lt;/strong&gt;,&#xA;обозначающих подтверждение, согласие и т. п., после &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt;, обозначающего&#xA;вопрос, если эти слова тесно связаны с непосредственно следующим за&#xA;ними предложением, раскрывающим их конкретный смысл, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Да, я тот несчастный, которого ваш отец лишил куска хлеба, выгнал из&#xA;отеческого дома и послал грабить на больших дорогах (Пушкин).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;— А вы были в Москве, доктор?&#xA;— Да, я имел там некоторую практику (Лермонтов).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нет, не дряхлому Востоку покорить меня (Лермонтов).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;— Вы помните Катюшу у тётушки Марии Ивановны?&#xA;— Как же, я её шить учила (Л. Толстой).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;— Что, испугался давеча? — спросил отец, толкнув меня (М. Горький).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So that correct punctuation is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты что, с ума сошел?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он что, сам не может справиться?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я что, дура?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1103" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-11-20T07:24:57.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1348" CreationDate="2012-11-20T14:47:19.243" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well all i can say (as a native speaker) is that this comma is put here to help the reader to understand the intonation, because the meaning of this sentence is clear. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1107" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-20T14:59:13.907" LastActivityDate="2012-11-20T14:59:13.907" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1396" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1397" CreationDate="2012-11-21T09:29:55.697" Score="13" ViewCount="1427" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the origin/etymology of phrase &lt;em&gt;Семь пятниц на неделе&lt;/em&gt; (literally, &lt;em&gt;seven Fridays in a week&lt;/em&gt;)? I am not interested in the meaning of it (I know what it means), but rather where it came from.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen some references to Friday historically being a day off, market day, etc., that is when people could do something beyond/outside their normal day-to-day work, so I can imagine the phrase's origin being linked to it: every day something new.  However I'd like to get a more definitive answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-21T15:02:01.923" LastActivityDate="2012-11-26T11:06:20.567" Title="Origin of &quot;cемь пятниц на неделе&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1396" CreationDate="2012-11-21T10:11:22.230" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Snegiryov in &lt;em&gt;Русские в своих пословицах&lt;/em&gt; suggests that Friday was a settlement day in Slavic culture and a traditional due date for debts, bonds, obligations etc. It was common to hear: &quot;this will be done (or paid, or settled) by the next Friday&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An irresponsible person would be inclined to shift the due date &quot;just for one day&quot; over and over again so that this constantly drifting due date covers all the weekdays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, &quot;seven Fridays in a week&quot; means that a person cannot hold to his time estimations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maksimov in &lt;em&gt;Крылатые слова&lt;/em&gt; offers (and criticizes) another etymology: allegedly, of several dozens of churches standing once upon a time by the Kremlin wall, there were seven churches dedicated to St. Paraskevi of Iconium, glorified by the Russian Orthodox Church as &quot;St. Paraskevi the Friday&quot; (&lt;em&gt;св. Параскева Пятница&lt;/em&gt;). However, there no records survived of those churches, neither any of those are extant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-11-21T10:29:35.680" LastActivityDate="2012-11-21T10:29:35.680" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="450" CreationDate="2012-11-21T14:18:19.407" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's possible to use form &quot;пив&quot; in colloquial speech as, for example, &quot;мечт&quot; (dreams, that don't have plural form in Russian either). You may use it to be irony or sarcastic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1120" LastActivityDate="2012-11-21T14:18:19.407" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1328" CreationDate="2012-11-21T17:48:14.253" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ага&quot; произносят тогда, когда согласны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ага&quot; произносит человек который внимательно слушет и охотно помогает собеседнику.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Угу&quot; произносят тогда, когда согласны,но сейчас заняты либо не могут открыть рот.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Дорогой,убери в гараже!&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  -Ага дорогая!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или за завтраком:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Дорогой ты будешь мыть посуду?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  -угу!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Дорогой,ты починишь кран?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  -угу,дорогая,но я смотрю футбол!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1125" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-11-22T08:28:25.753" LastActivityDate="2012-11-22T08:28:25.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1405" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-22T11:59:15.947" Score="-2" ViewCount="324" Body="&lt;p&gt;what does саморазмораживающийся mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1133" LastActivityDate="2012-11-22T12:19:20.147" Title="definition of Russian word" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-11-22T12:40:57.897" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1405" CreationDate="2012-11-22T12:19:20.147" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;self-defrosting&quot; as adjective (само+раз+моражив...), presumably as in &quot;саморазмораживающийся холодильник&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="68" LastActivityDate="2012-11-22T12:19:20.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1407" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-22T14:40:52.623" Score="73" ViewCount="24841" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across some words chatting with my friend (he's a native speaker). What's the difference between &lt;em&gt;пиздато, охуенно, хуёво and пиздец&lt;/em&gt;? The first two words have a positive meaning but &lt;em&gt;хуёво&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;пиздец&lt;/em&gt; are negative. Why? They derive from the same words, don't they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1135" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-11-23T05:45:26.180" LastActivityDate="2021-02-06T12:13:41.573" Title="Why does &quot;охуенно&quot; mean &quot;great&quot; but &quot;хуёвый&quot; mean &quot;bad&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="11" FavoriteCount="19" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1407" CreationDate="2012-11-22T15:09:12.990" Score="49" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is similar to the following question about English: &quot;Why does &lt;em&gt;awesome&lt;/em&gt; mean great but &lt;em&gt;awful&lt;/em&gt; mean something horrible?&quot;. The short answer is that the fact that a pair of words is derived from a common root does not mean that these words do not have opposite meaning. Moreover, the same word in different contexts can stand for completely different concepts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, the word &lt;em&gt;terrible&lt;/em&gt; in colloquial speech can be interpreted as &quot;formidably great&quot; - compare to &lt;em&gt;ужасно круто&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;ты ужасно красива&lt;/em&gt;. Recall the English usage of &lt;em&gt;fucking&lt;/em&gt;: it is used to indicate an extreme degree of something, either positive or negative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for why exactly some forms acquire positive connotation (&lt;em&gt;охуенный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;пиздатый&lt;/em&gt;) and some negative (&lt;em&gt;хуёвый&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;пиздецовый&lt;/em&gt;), we can only explore when the connotation became common, but not why, I guess. Since you are asking about why and not about when, I consider this question answered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To put it simply, this isn't something specific to Russian and &quot;just because&quot;. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2013-11-17T07:55:39.917" LastActivityDate="2013-11-17T07:55:39.917" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1407" CreationDate="2012-11-22T17:09:11.660" Score="33" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just like in English you can add &amp;quot;fucking&amp;quot; to both &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;horrible&amp;quot;, in Russian you can use the root &lt;em&gt;хуй&lt;/em&gt; to express both positive and negative emotions. The body parts that &lt;em&gt;хуй&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;пизда&lt;/em&gt; refer to are not &amp;quot;bad&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;good&amp;quot;, they are just taboo to talk about — that's why, if you do refer to them, your speech becomes more expressive, more extreme; but not necessarily positive or negative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the difference between these words, you got it right that &lt;em&gt;пиздато&lt;/em&gt; is positive and &lt;em&gt;хуёво&lt;/em&gt; is negative. &lt;em&gt;Пиздец&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;охуенно&lt;/em&gt;, however, can also mean &amp;quot;extremely&amp;quot;, or, in case with &lt;em&gt;пиздец&lt;/em&gt;, &amp;quot;an extreme situation.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он пиздец умный!&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;He's so fucking clever&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он охуенно тупой!&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;He's so fucking dumb&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это пиздец как круто!&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;It's fucking awesome&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="626" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-11-24T22:03:32.633" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1407" CreationDate="2012-11-22T17:41:49.777" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;пиздато&quot; means good and &quot;хуёво&quot; meand bad because vagina usually brings positive feelings (i.e. if you fuck somebody) while penis usually brings negative feelings (i.e. if somebody fucks you), I think.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-11-22T17:41:49.777" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1411" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1386" CreationDate="2012-11-22T17:48:49.543" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is definitely connected to the word &quot;портной&quot; (tailor). It is well known that if you cut the material you cannot undo it. If you sew a bad suit you also hardly can improve it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-11-22T17:48:49.543" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1414" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-23T16:55:43.013" Score="6" ViewCount="3352" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering, how would we translate &quot;I feel like doing &lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt;.&quot; and the negative version in Russian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a fixed expression in English, so I suppose a similar idiomatic expression would be possible in Russian, even if with a different structure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a quick search, I found:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне (не) охота это делать.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;I (don't) feel like doing that.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So by using this structure &lt;em&gt;&quot;I feel like dancing.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне охота танцевать.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2012-11-23T18:42:40.243" LastActivityDate="2012-11-25T12:50:09.007" Title="What is the Russian translation for &quot;I (don't) feel like doing...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1416" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-23T17:03:45.100" Score="2" ViewCount="288" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have followed a couple of different methods (Iso 9 and Passport 2010) and have looked at others which are mentioned on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this wiki page&lt;/a&gt;, but no matter what I do, something like the name &lt;code&gt;Александр&lt;/code&gt; ends up getting rendered in Latin as having &lt;code&gt;ks&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;x&lt;/code&gt;.  I am quite happy with rendering that name as &lt;code&gt;Aleksandr&lt;/code&gt;, but in the end I need to compare the transliteration with say the way the name is printed in English language newspapers.  I am just wondering where one gets the &lt;code&gt;x&lt;/code&gt; from?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1140" LastActivityDate="2012-11-23T21:18:19.583" Title="Under what set of transliteration rules is кс rendered as the latin x?" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2012-11-24T21:55:47.660" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1417" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1422" CreationDate="2012-11-23T17:18:17.010" Score="7" ViewCount="1785" Body="&lt;p&gt;A Russian friend of mine claims that the word &quot;чита&quot; can mean &quot;small monkey&quot;.  She thinks that it might be a colloquialism, but she cannot recall its etymology.  I believe she has been using it since childhood (50+ years ago), so it may be an &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&quot;&gt;archaism&lt;/a&gt;.  I can't seem to find any references of this usage online, however, other than perhaps the fact that &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheeta&quot;&gt;there was a Chimpanzee named Cheeta&lt;/a&gt;, famous for having appeared in the Tarzan movies from the 1930s through the 1960s, &lt;a href=&quot;http://alt.kp.ru/daily/25812/2791160/&quot;&gt;who is referred to in the Russian media as &quot;чита&quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Is my friend using this word erroneously?  If not, what is the etymology of this odd usage?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="141" LastActivityDate="2012-12-04T12:51:25.800" Title="Can &quot;чита&quot; mean &quot;monkey&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1417" CreationDate="2012-11-23T17:33:24.090" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Names starting with &quot;Чи&quot; are popular among monkeys: in my childhood, there was a popular children folklore poem about a monkey called &lt;a href=&quot;http://curspring.livejournal.com/384462.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Чи-Чи-Чи&lt;/a&gt;. A quick google search found stories with monkeys named &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.proza.ru/2012/04/23/943&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Чинита (Чита)&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kykymber.ru/stories.php?story=1729&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Чичи&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditionally, animals in Russian fairy tales have names that often travel from one story to another. A bear is Миша or Мишка, a fox can be Лиса Патрикеевна, and so on. These names can be used instead of actual species' names when talking to children, or in some other contexts (say, a villager may use them to show that their relationship with nature is somewhat personal). However, monkeys never were a part of Russian folklore, so there is no such name commonly accepted for monkeys. While your friend has &quot;Чита&quot; reserved for small monkeys, others may have &quot;Чичи&quot;, and the majority of Russians probably has no such name set for monkeys at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="626" LastEditorUserId="626" LastEditDate="2012-11-28T13:53:21.833" LastActivityDate="2012-11-28T13:53:21.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1414" CreationDate="2012-11-23T18:06:50.940" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мне (не) хочется&quot; would be a closer match to &quot;I (don't) feel like doing something.&quot; &quot;Мне (не) охота&quot; is a more colloquial and rarely used version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="626" LastActivityDate="2012-11-23T18:06:50.940" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1416" CreationDate="2012-11-23T19:10:13.513" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the whole, I do not believe there are strict rules about when &lt;em&gt;кс&lt;/em&gt; should become &lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt; and when it should become &lt;em&gt;ks&lt;/em&gt;.  Most of the times, the transliteration will either follow some traditional rules or just be whatever the person writing it decides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, Russian name &lt;em&gt;Александр&lt;/em&gt; and English/Latin name &lt;em&gt;Alexander&lt;/em&gt; both originate from Greek name &lt;em&gt;Αλεξανδρος&lt;/em&gt;.  Greek letter &lt;em&gt;ξ (Xi)&lt;/em&gt; is pronounced as &lt;em&gt;ks&lt;/em&gt; in Greek.  Because in English (Latin), there's letter &lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;, which is pronounced (in most cases) as &lt;em&gt;ks&lt;/em&gt;, the English writing of the name is more closely conforms to the original Greek writing. In Russian (Cyrillic) there is no such letter, therefore sound combination &lt;em&gt;ks&lt;/em&gt; has to be indicated by the closest possible way, which is letter combination &lt;em&gt;кс&lt;/em&gt;.  Thus, comparing transliteration rules from Russian into English in this case isn't particularly useful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-11-23T21:18:19.583" LastActivityDate="2012-11-23T21:18:19.583" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1417" CreationDate="2012-11-24T04:07:44.677" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Чита' is short form from 'обезьянка Чита' (not обезьяна) and it means &lt;em&gt;'little or baby monkey (name?) Чита'&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know the etymology for this name, but I think it's from fairy tales/cartoons/children's books. Once upon a time somebody named that baby monkey character is Чита and so on. I'm not sure, maybe 'Teddy' means 'bear' the same way in English, like Чита means 'baby monkey' in Russian, but Чита is used very rarely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use the name of any other popular character instead of Teddy. More examples are Миша(Мишка)= медведь, Миша (медвежонок Мишка), Серый=серый волк, Тортилла=черепаха Тортилла  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use 'Чита'='baby monkey' only when you talk to children/in jokes/when kidding and you must be pretty sure the other person understands you. 'Чита' in ordinary, everyday speech is not used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-25T10:05:52.987" LastActivityDate="2012-11-25T10:05:52.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1423" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1414" CreationDate="2012-11-24T04:54:52.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;'I feel like ...' close to 'настроение', 'настрой', 'дух' - mood, tune, spirits.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I feel like dancing - (У меня) настроение танцевать/потанцевать&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I don't feel like dancing - (У меня) нет настроения танцевать/потанцевать&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I feel like doing that - Я настроен это делать&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I don't feel like doing that - Я не настроен это делать/Я не в настроении это делать/Я не в духе это делать  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The different between &quot;Мне (не) хочется&quot; and &quot;(У меня) настроение&quot; is hard to explain, I'll try. If I say 'Мне (не) хочется', in most cases I can answer on next question &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'Why?' &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'Because of ...'. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's probably a rational thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when I use 'настроение' - don't need any explanation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'Why?'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'Just because' &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's an irrational thing, pure emotional, I can't answer even to myself, why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, I agree with КуЪ: &quot;охота&quot; and &quot;настроение&quot; are rarely used in a positive sense (in the affirmative). It's somehow lifeless, expressionless. But &quot;охота&quot; and &quot;настроение&quot; are commonly used in negative sense (denial). So, I think I found a better translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I feel like (do smth) [right now]&quot; better translated as &quot;Я бы по+(делал что-нибудь) [сейчас]&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: &quot;Я бы по+(рисовал, спал, танцевал, пил, лежал, ехал, смотрел, слушал, ...) [сейчас]&quot; means: &quot;Я бы порисовал сейчас&quot;, &quot;Я бы поспал&quot;, ...  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Summary: &quot;Я бы по+(imperfect verb first-person past tense) [сейчас]&quot;.&#xA;Prefix &quot;по&quot; is very important - &quot;Я бы порисовал&quot;. &quot;Я бы рисовал&quot; - completely different meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I don't feel like (do smth) [right now]&quot; better translated as &quot;Мне не охота (что-нибудь делать) [сейчас]&quot; or &quot;Я не хочу (что-нибудь делать) [сейчас]&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Example: &quot;Мне не охота/Я не хочу рисовать (спать, танцевать, пить, лежать, ехать, смотреть, слушать, ...)&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Summary: &quot;Мне не охота (verb infinitive) [сейчас]&quot; or &quot;Я не хочу (verb infinitive) [сейчас]&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-25T12:50:09.007" LastActivityDate="2012-11-25T12:50:09.007" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1424" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1432" CreationDate="2012-11-24T05:27:19.287" Score="12" ViewCount="833" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most of the examples I can think of are imperatives used in an angry tone (&quot;Пошел вон!&quot;, &quot;Упал, отжался!&quot;) and it seems the past tense is used just to underline that there's no alternative to the action suggested/ordered. The person speaking is so sure their orders will be followed, they talk as if it already happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &quot;пошли&quot; is often a friendly suggestion that doesn't come with a lot of authority. Is there a better explanation for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="626" LastActivityDate="2012-11-26T21:41:44.990" Title="Why are past tense verbs used as imperative at times (&quot;пошел вон&quot;, &quot;пошли пообедаем&quot;)?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1062" CreationDate="2012-11-24T06:37:57.390" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Теперь&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; usually means there was a change that led to the situation described. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Сейчас&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; describes the present and doesn't give any information about the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сейчас идет дождь.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;It's raining.&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Раньше было солнечно, а теперь идет дождь.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  It used to be sunny, and now it's raining.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сейчас у меня нет работы.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I'm unemployed at the moment. &lt;em&gt;(No information on whether it was always the case.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Теперь у меня нет работы.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Now &lt;em&gt;(unlike before!)&lt;/em&gt; I'm unemployed. &lt;em&gt;(A person quit or was fired recently.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="626" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-11-24T13:41:16.543" LastActivityDate="2012-11-24T13:41:16.543" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1424" CreationDate="2012-11-24T06:55:12.287" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, present tense also can be used as imperative, for example &quot;быстро уходим!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, usage of certain forms as some another forms (in a very wide sense - semantical, syntactical, grammatical etc.)  is called &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%28%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;transposition&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;Wikipedia claims that there are 12 different types of transposition in Russian, but I'm not sure how, regarding this classification, it is called exactly this one, but actually I've seen in literature term &lt;code&gt;прошедшее время в директивном употреблении&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, this is property of some verbs which are used for designation of motivation of joint actions (&lt;code&gt;пошли&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;побежали&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;поплыли&lt;/code&gt;). I guess it is quite obvious how this forms became imperative, at least for usage with plural pronouns.&#xA;&quot;А поплыли туда, друзья, к той скале&quot; =&gt; &quot;Эй, поплыли туда!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2012-11-24T06:55:12.287" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1341" CreationDate="2012-11-24T09:26:51.947" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see many people consider the word &quot;нету&quot; as colloquial but it's not quite true. In fact, it doesn't exist at all. It's just a common mistake of Russians which now is believed to be just &quot;informal&quot;, though actually educated people will never use it! So forget about this word since only milkmaids in the country may use it, I think.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1143" LastActivityDate="2012-11-24T09:26:51.947" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1414" CreationDate="2012-11-24T12:44:19.390" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Предложенные в других ответах варианты звучат как-то пластмассово, не живо. Я бы переводил так: &lt;em&gt;&quot;Думаю, мне стОит...&quot;, &quot;Кажется, было бы неплохо...&quot;, &quot;А почему бы мне не...&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Неплохо бы прогуляться!&#xA;&#xA;Думаю, мне стоит подкрепиться!&#xA;&#xA;А не выпить ли нам чаю?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается &lt;em&gt;охота/не охота&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, то &lt;em&gt;охота&lt;/em&gt; звучит старовато, а &lt;em&gt;не охота&lt;/em&gt; применяется чаще и звучит естественно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastEditorUserId="959" LastEditDate="2012-11-24T12:49:45.027" LastActivityDate="2012-11-24T12:49:45.027" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1424" CreationDate="2012-11-24T14:44:02.317" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, all right about ПОШЛИ - this friendly offer. Even as one can say &quot;вон смотри они пошли в банк&quot; или &quot;она пошла домой&quot;&#xA;Clerk about the tone in the past tense - it can tell a man who believes himself to higher position or more companion. Such orders in the army or in the courtyard outside. But this is against the rules of the Russian language!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1149" LastActivityDate="2012-11-24T14:44:02.317" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1432" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1424" CreationDate="2012-11-24T23:47:29.790" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Long story short: Russian verb's features like aspect, tense, mood and voice cannot be always determined through morphological analysis. It's the feature characteristic of Russian verb. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most Russian grammatists criticize traditional morphological approach to tense / aspect / mood / voice analysis of Russian verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, all three traditional tenses and infinitive can be used as imperatives, varying the mood nuances:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Да пошёл ты к дьяволу со своими гландами! ― рассердилась Нюра. &lt;em&gt;[Василий Шукшин. Печки-лавочки (1970-1972)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;― Значит, так, сейчас ты встаешь и любой ценой прекращаешь эту кутерьму. &lt;em&gt;[Михаил Козаков. Актерская книга (1978-1995)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Возьмёшь с собой пару или тройку рабочих с лопатами! &lt;em&gt;[Ю. О. Домбровский. Факультет ненужных вещей, часть 1 (1978)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;― Встать, учитель идёт! ― приказали дети, и Лагарпов послушно встал. &lt;em&gt;[Алексей Слаповский. Жизнь Лагарпова (1999)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and the (morphological) imperative itself can be used, say, as optative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;― Лопни мои глаза, Камилла, если я спал! &lt;em&gt;[Роберт Штильмарк. Наследник из Калькутты (1950-1951)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or subjunctive:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Повой она ещё каких-нибудь минут пять, и Серый схватил бы её. &lt;em&gt;[М. М. Пришвин. Кладовая солнца (1945)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you noted, contrasting sg. past and the pl. past distinguishes imperative from hortative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, formal morphology does not unequivocally define the actual verb features. As @shabunc noted, this is called transposition. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vinogradov in &lt;em&gt;Русский язык&lt;/em&gt; writes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таким образом, в грамматической традиции чаще всего речь идет не столько о языковых формах глагольного времени и их значениях, сколько о психологических планах времени, об абстрактных линиях и точках времени3 . Система живых форм времени русского глагола в их основных значениях и в их сложном грамматическом взаимоотношении с другими глагольными формами почти никем из русских лингвистов последнего времени (кроме акад. А. А. Шахматова) не осмыслялась. На этой почве складывается убеждение: время русского глагола психологично и субъективно. Оно не вполне &quot;грамматикализовано&quot;. Оно определяется больше психологически, чем грамматически.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Учение современной грамматики о формах времени русского глагола является отчасти бледным и искаженным видоизменением старой теории &quot;вневременности&quot; русского глагола, отчасти воспроизведением упрощенных грамматических схем русского глагола, предназначавшихся для иностранцев и возникших еще в XVII в.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian verb is subject to develop it much more readily than the other parts of speech. For instnance, Chukovsky in &lt;em&gt;Живой как жизнь&lt;/em&gt; writes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Или эта форма: «я пошел» вместо «я ухожу». Человек еще сидит за столом, он только собирается уйти, но изображает свой будущий поступок уже совершенным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С этим я долго не мог примириться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and also Vinogradov, &lt;em&gt;ibid&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Значение 2-го лица в форме повелительного наклонения определяется лишь интонацией и отсутствием указаний на иное действующее лицо. Между тем эта форма может сочетаться и с существительными в качестве субъектов действия, получая значение 3-го лица, и может употребляться в неопределенно-личном значении. Известно, что до 20 — 30-х годов XIX в. в русском литературном языке способность этой формы относиться к 3-му лицу была гораздо активнее и шире. В современном языке употребление этой формы в значении 3-го лица живо, хотя и непродуктивно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Спи, кто может, я спать не могу. &lt;em&gt;(Некрасов)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ах! тот скажи любви конец, // Кто на три года вдаль уедет. &lt;em&gt;(Грибоедов, &quot;Горе от ума&quot;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which means that developing and losing verb forms may be a matter of decades in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian has developed a hortative form by adding the pl. imp. ending &lt;em&gt;-те&lt;/em&gt; to I. sg. present:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Пойдёмте и поговорим за бутылкой доброго вина. [А. Н. Толстой. Черная пятница (1924)]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently, it's only considered grammatical for verbs derived from &lt;em&gt;-идти, -ехать, -быть&lt;/em&gt;, however, this form is developing and most probably will soon make it into literary language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-11-24T23:47:29.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23" CreationDate="2012-11-25T01:27:32.147" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The context may dictate different translations in each case. If, however, for some reason you would need your translations of the word &lt;em&gt;excite&lt;/em&gt; and its derivatives to be more or less uniform, you could consider using various forms of &lt;em&gt;впечатление&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;впечатлять&lt;/em&gt; etc.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I'm very excited about my new job.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Я очень впечатлён/впечатлена (своей) новой работой.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Я под большим впечатлением от (своей) новой работы.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Меня очень впечатляет (моя) новая работа.&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My trip to Europe was so exciting.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Моя поездка в Европу была такой впечатляющей!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;У меня столько впечатлений/такие впечатления от поездки в Европу!&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are you excited about going to the party?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Тебя впечатляет, что ты идёшь на (эту) вечеринку?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Ты под впечатлением от предстоящей вечеринки?&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &lt;em&gt;excited&lt;/em&gt; may also imply nervousness. In particular, one could indeed be excited to the point of being nervous about going to a party. I think, &lt;em&gt;под впечатлением&lt;/em&gt; does cover this aspect too. Although a somewhat closer alternative in this respect might be &lt;em&gt;заинтригованный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;интриговать&lt;/em&gt;, as in &lt;em&gt;Ты заинтригован предстоящей вечеринкой?&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1147" LastActivityDate="2012-11-25T01:27:32.147" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1434" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1509" CreationDate="2012-11-26T01:10:39.897" Score="14" ViewCount="1476" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't understand what makes &quot;ну ты бухать&quot; a valid language construct. Can anybody point out some references?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it some sort similar to &quot;ну ты даешь&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2019-04-05T02:57:59.533" LastActivityDate="2019-04-05T14:24:21.743" Title="Is &quot;ну ты бухать&quot; grammatically valid?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1434" CreationDate="2012-11-26T02:52:04.000" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A valid language construct is &lt;em&gt;Ну ты (и) бухаешь!&lt;/em&gt; in this case. Last time the Russians became to say: &lt;em&gt;ну ты бухать&lt;/em&gt;. But it is not a valid language construct, in my opinion, it's more like a slang construct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess the phrase &lt;em&gt;ну ты бухать&lt;/em&gt; could have come from the phrases like &lt;em&gt;ну ты (и) бухгалтер!&lt;/em&gt; (or any other noun). &lt;a href=&quot;https://teenslang.su/index.php?searchstr=%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&amp;amp;slang=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Бухгалтер&quot;&lt;/em&gt; means a drunk here, it is a slang word&lt;/a&gt;. I think that a verb &lt;em&gt;бухать&lt;/em&gt; takes the meaning of the noun in this phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also it can be a constrict sentence of &lt;em&gt;ну ты (и любишь) (по)бухать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning of this phrase is similar to &lt;em&gt;ну ты даешь&lt;/em&gt;. When someone says it, he expresses his surprise at the fact that someone has so much to drink.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2019-04-05T14:24:21.743" LastActivityDate="2019-04-05T14:24:21.743" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1434" CreationDate="2012-11-26T08:27:31.240" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without punctuation it can be anything. Not only the pointed out &quot;ну ты &lt;em&gt;(и мастер)&lt;/em&gt; бухать&quot;, but also &quot;ну, ты &lt;em&gt;(идёшь)&lt;/em&gt; бухать?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is quite common for Russians to omit verbs in similar questions:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- Ну, я — гулять.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- Ты — работать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="560" LastActivityDate="2012-11-26T08:27:31.240" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1424" CreationDate="2012-11-26T21:41:44.990" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;well, in the expression &quot;пошли домой&quot; - &quot;пошли&quot; is rather ungrammatical colloquial alternative to a grammatically correct &quot;пойдем домой&quot; than a typical example of a past tense used as an imperative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1164" LastActivityDate="2012-11-26T21:41:44.990" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1417" CreationDate="2012-11-27T01:18:22.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, no. There is no special name for monkey in Russia, since in this country monkeys are not spreaded widely due to cold climate. There is some evidence that monkeys were seen at Russian Far East - Primorye and Khabarovsk region. From some people, living at Far East, I heard word зёма, they used one ironically when referring to monkeys. But this use is rare, because зёма itself means slang form of земляк (countryman).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="637" LastActivityDate="2012-11-27T01:18:22.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="600" CreationDate="2012-11-27T01:57:10.497" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Everyone forgot such a wonderful word as holywar or flaming :) срач is a usual business at Internet forums, there disputing on some matter in offensive and warring manner easily become a holywar, there noone wants to agree or to understand position of another person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If thread in forum have already started with provocational topic, oftenly someone may post an ironical disclaimer in English LET THE SRATCH BEGIN!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="637" LastActivityDate="2012-11-27T01:57:10.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1443" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1445" CreationDate="2012-11-27T17:21:43.000" Score="11" ViewCount="643" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard the following phrase in one media advertisement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Глядя на нас, сразу понятно, что я ... , а он ... .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Subconsciously I doubt if it is grammatically correct phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could you clarify it please?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="60" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-29T08:05:50.013" LastActivityDate="2018-10-29T08:05:50.013" Title="Is &quot;глядя на нас, сразу понятно, что ...&quot; grammatically valid?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;participle-clause&gt;&lt;adverbial-participle&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1444" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1443" CreationDate="2012-11-27T17:43:05.553" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's absolutely grammatically correct. It's &quot;From looking at us, it is absolutely clear [for him/her/them] that I ... and he ...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1005" LastActivityDate="2012-11-27T17:43:05.553" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1443" CreationDate="2012-11-27T18:22:26.330" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;This form is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal et al., &lt;em&gt;СППЛР, 212.1.2:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если же в безличном предложении нет инфинитива, к которому мог бы относиться деепричастный оборот, то употребление последнего стилистически неоправданно, например: &lt;em&gt;Уезжая из родного города, мне стало грустно; Прочитав вторично рукопись, редактору показалось, что она нуждается в серьезной доработке&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct form would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При взгляде на нас сразу понятно, что я …&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Глядя на нас, можно сразу понять, что я …&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-11-27T18:31:09.570" LastActivityDate="2012-11-27T18:31:09.570" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1443" CreationDate="2012-11-28T01:24:56.070" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Being grammatically invalid, people have been using constructs like that anyway&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;. Even native speakers get it wrong from time to time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some very famous authors did it, too - to attract your attention, as in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Поселившись теперь в деревне, его мечта и идеал были в том, чтобы воскресить ту форму жизни, которая была при деде (Л. Н. Толстой)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or in a direct speech - to hint at a poor command of the Russian grammar on the part of the speaker:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Подъезжая к сией станции и глядя на природу в окно, у меня слетела шляпа&quot; (А. П. Чехов) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Useful references: &lt;a href=&quot;http://ilyabirman.ru/meanwhile/2009/07/31/2/&quot;&gt;one&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.gramota.ru/forum/read.php?f=26&amp;amp;i=3683&amp;amp;t=3683&quot;&gt;two&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;hr/&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; Yes, I structured the sentence incorrectly, with the idea to illustrate a similar mistake in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastActivityDate="2012-11-28T01:24:56.070" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1" CreationDate="2012-11-28T07:26:12.547" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The correct is бОшки with stress on о. бОшки also found in smoker's slang. This term extensively used to name top part of weed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Genitive plural is бОшек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Посмотри, каких я амстердамских бошек притащил!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="637" LastActivityDate="2012-11-28T07:26:12.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1417" CreationDate="2012-11-28T07:37:52.637" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Monkey in Russian is &quot;обезьяна&quot;. Male monkey too. &quot;Обезьян&quot; is used sometimes, but it is a joke form, hinting the monkey is mean or looks serious.  Sometimes, for diversity, it can be &quot;примат&quot;. &#xA;&quot;Чита&quot; is a Russian city. The accent on last letter. &#xA;Although, Чита is a name of the ape filmed in old Tarzan movies. Accent on second letter. It was listed along with actors. Film was very popular with Russian children and ape became a subject of many rhymes, mostly indecent. From there the name moved to some children books as a trickster character. &#xA;In rhymes it was mostly &quot;обезьянка Чита&quot;, that's why you think it is about ape cub. No, &quot;обезьянка&quot; just means it is small ape, not stating if it is because of age or species.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="904" LastActivityDate="2012-11-28T07:37:52.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1449" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1452" CreationDate="2012-11-28T15:50:45.517" Score="8" ViewCount="4067" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is &quot;нет&quot; pronounced &quot;nyet&quot; instead of &quot;net&quot;? I was informed that the Cyrillic letter 'е' is equivalent to the Latin letter 'e'. Is this incorrect? If so, what is the equivalent of 'e' if one exists?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1177" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-11-29T02:41:03.350" LastActivityDate="2013-02-17T18:57:06.190" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;е&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1449" CreationDate="2012-11-28T16:53:04.560" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is so called &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;close-mid front unrounded vowel&lt;/a&gt;, this is the sound you are exactly talking about, to put it simple it is 'e' :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian there are two letters you can use for indicating this sound, &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; and  &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt;. As many other letters, letter 'е' is used for indicating different set of phonemes.  In the beginning of the word 'e', for example, actually stands for 'je', after consonants it stands, almost always, for [e] as well, it's just that the preceding vowel is palatalised. Exceptions are &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ц&lt;/code&gt; plus the majority of foreign words (e.g. &lt;code&gt;шоссе&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;молибден&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;темп&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not that simple, since there are lot of words of foreign origin obeying &quot;normal rule&quot;: checkout for example &lt;code&gt;демократия&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-11-28T16:58:22.923" LastActivityDate="2012-11-28T16:58:22.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1449" CreationDate="2012-11-28T16:58:04.373" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The fact that the Russian 'е' is an equivalent of the Latin letter 'e' does not mean that they should necessarily correspond to the same sound. Pronunciation of 'е' depends on the preceding consonant: 'е' &quot;softens&quot; most consonants (б, в, г, д, з, к, л, м, н, п, р, с, т, ф, х, ч. щ), producing the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;ʲe̞&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; sound not found in English, as in &quot;нет&quot; (no) or &quot;день&quot; (day). When 'е' follows one of the remaining consonants (ж, ц, ш), it makes a sound that is similar to the Latin &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt;, as in &quot;цель&quot; (aim), &quot;шея&quot; (neck) or &quot;жесть&quot; (tin-plate).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastActivityDate="2012-11-28T16:58:04.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1449" CreationDate="2012-11-28T19:22:32.350" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Е' Can be pronounced in several ways, depending on position, stress and previous letter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, Russian vowels comes in pairs. First are simple vowels&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'А' as in u in run&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'O' as a in all&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'У' as u in bull&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'И' as ee in cheese&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'Э' as a in cat&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'Ы' with no direct analog.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several derived vowels &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Э - Е&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У - Ю&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;О - Ё&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;А - Я&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(technically Ы - И are often paired, but this relation is incomplete)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These derived vowels are pronounced differently in different positions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the beginning of the word, after 'Ь' and 'Ъ' and after other vowel they are prononced as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Е - ЙЭ&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ю - ЙУ&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ё - ЙО&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я - ЙА&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;И can be sometimes pronounced as йи or й, but very rarely.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;however, after сonsonants they are threated differently. First, they are pronounced as their basic vowel. Second previous consonant is palatalized (some consonants are always palatalized and И is still pronounced as И and has pretty quirks after ш/ж, but the base is this). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that's not all, we have something to blow your mind: reduction. Every vowel if unstressed is reduced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;О (and O part of Ё) &amp;amp; A (and A part of Я) are reduced to really short 'a'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Э (and Э part of E) &amp;amp; И are reduced to really short 'и'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in fast speech most vowels in unstressed positions may be reduced to some common sound I doubt I can describe. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several inconsistencies, like жи/ши is pronounced ЖЫ/ШЫ , but never written. Another complication is the Ё often typed as Е and without context it is often impossible to guess which one is really here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-11-29T09:53:06.727" LastActivityDate="2012-11-29T09:53:06.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1453" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1455" CreationDate="2012-11-28T23:29:39.080" Score="7" ViewCount="5397" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reference material I have been reading is somewhat confusing. Some sources say that &lt;code&gt;Й&lt;/code&gt; is equivalent to &lt;code&gt;J&lt;/code&gt;, while others say it is equivalent to &lt;code&gt;Y&lt;/code&gt;. Which is it? For example, is it pronounced &lt;code&gt;J&lt;/code&gt; as in &lt;em&gt;Jar&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Y&lt;/code&gt; as in &lt;em&gt;Yes&lt;/em&gt;, or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1177" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2012-12-02T02:22:11.227" LastActivityDate="2012-12-04T20:45:09.740" Title="Is 'й' pronounced as 'j' or 'y'?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="16" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1453" CreationDate="2012-11-29T00:24:02.917" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Й&lt;/code&gt; doesn't really have an independent pronunciation--other than a few foreign loan words, it only occurs after vowels and changes the vowel pronunciation. It's sometimes transliterated as J, but it's definitely not like J in Jar--more like a German J, which is like an English Y. So it's better to think of it like Y in Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1180" LastActivityDate="2012-11-29T00:24:02.917" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1453" CreationDate="2012-11-29T01:01:37.063" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Й is always pronounced like Y in &quot;Yes&quot;.  The reason it is often tansliterated as J is that in many languages (German, Polish) J is also pronounced like Y in &quot;Yes&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2012-11-29T01:07:06.310" LastActivityDate="2012-11-29T01:07:06.310" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1453" CreationDate="2012-11-29T10:35:25.380" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a letter &quot;Й&quot; is used to make sound like Y in Yes, but its accurate to say that combination &quot;Ye&quot; from Yes sounds like russian &quot;E&quot;. There are several russian letters that sounds like &quot;Й&quot; + another letter, for example E = Й + Э, Ю = Й + У, Ё = Й + О. Thus, the main purpose of &quot;Й&quot; is the formation of new letters. :)&#xA;Sorry for english&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1146" LastActivityDate="2012-11-29T10:35:25.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1443" CreationDate="2012-11-29T17:49:52.880" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, such a construction is absolutely grammatically INCORRECT. The sentence will be correct if the participial construction coinсides with the subject&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1188" LastActivityDate="2012-11-29T17:49:52.880" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1443" CreationDate="2012-11-29T19:06:55.640" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm Russian and this sounds correct to me. At the very least Russian-speaking people often say so. It might be not entirely correct from the formal grammar point of view, but colloquially it is perfectly fine to use this construction. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1170" LastActivityDate="2012-11-29T19:06:55.640" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1449" CreationDate="2012-11-30T00:30:24.487" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;нет&quot; is NEVER pronounced as &quot;nyet&quot;. There is no &quot;y&quot; sound there. It is pronounced as &quot;net&quot; but with soft &quot;n&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-11-30T00:30:24.487" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="222" CreationDate="2012-11-30T08:29:19.287" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not a g/h issue, but just to show an example of transliteration variants. A friend of Sherlock Holmes - Dr.Watson may be spelt as Ватсон or Уотсон, the later one often seen in old (Soviet) translations of Arthur Conan Doyle's books. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sir Winston Churchill is always translated as сэр Уинстон Черчилль, but Winston cigarettes brand always translated as Винстон.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. In the German language ei is always pronounced as ай. The names of the towns Heidelberg and Mannheim will be correctly pronounced as Хайдельберг и Маннхайм not as Гейдельберг и Мангейм, as we have seen these on Russian maps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="637" LastEditorUserId="95" LastEditDate="2012-12-01T01:05:35.437" LastActivityDate="2012-12-01T01:05:35.437" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1386" CreationDate="2012-11-30T15:02:11.117" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Портак/партак&quot; is also a bad quality tattoo in general. Tattoo artists use this word not only for prison or army tattoos but for the bad ones too. To see the examples, type &quot;портак&quot; in the Google search box and browse the pictures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1196" LastActivityDate="2012-11-30T15:02:11.117" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27" CreationDate="2012-11-30T19:28:13.333" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;не разбираюсь/не уверен/не знаю&quot; хорошо передает смысл&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;сбит с толку/запутался/помогите/нужна помощь&quot;, как ни странно, тоже означает то же самое&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1198" LastActivityDate="2012-11-30T19:28:13.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1377" CreationDate="2012-11-30T19:44:22.653" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it a new meaning? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes this is new meaning. Before 90s, the word for &quot;sale&quot; was &quot;Распродажа&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess Распродажа sounds now obsolete, hardly used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Акция в смысле Распродажа/sale probably did not yet make it into the dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1198" LastActivityDate="2012-11-30T19:44:22.653" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1465" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1466" CreationDate="2012-12-02T04:44:20.133" Score="13" ViewCount="2938" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some sources say that there are 32 letters in the alphabet, while others say there are 33. The discrepancy seems to be a result of including/excluding &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;. They also mention (whether or not they include &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;) that &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; is frequently rendered as &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; a distinct letter, or is it just &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; with a diaeresis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1177" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-08T08:25:54.207" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T08:25:54.207" Title="Is 'ё' a distinct letter, or is it just 'е' with a diaeresis?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;буква-ё&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1465" CreationDate="2012-12-02T06:01:52.943" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ё&lt;/strong&gt; is a distinct letter. You can find &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; in children's literature &lt;strong&gt;(ёжик, ёлочка, самолёт)&lt;/strong&gt;, but almost all authors will have &lt;strong&gt;e&lt;/strong&gt; replacing it in the business, academic and journalistic literature. This exchange is found only on the letter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ё&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced like &lt;strong&gt;yo&lt;/strong&gt; in the English word &lt;strong&gt;Yoga&lt;/strong&gt;. Remember: the accent always falls on &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the problem of the letter &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; occurs among all Russian editors, writers and authors. Some scientists believe that we should use &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; in the literature, others believe that it should be replaced by &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;. For example, Arkady Milchin argues that &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; is used in literature only if the meaning of the word with &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; is unclear, such as with &lt;em&gt;&quot;все - everybody&quot;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;&quot;всё - everything&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. There are different meanings in the words with е and ё. For example, &lt;em&gt;Тема&lt;/em&gt; is a topic and &lt;em&gt;Тёма&lt;/em&gt; is diminutive-hypocoristic name of Артём. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A magazine &lt;em&gt;&quot;За рулём&quot;&lt;/em&gt; was published in 1928. It used the letter &lt;strong&gt;e&lt;/strong&gt; in the word &lt;strong&gt;&quot;рулем&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; until 1956. Then, in the years 1956-1975 it used the letter &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;. From 1975 to nowadays it used the letter &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; in the name of the magazine. You can look through &lt;a href=&quot;http://bolknote.ru/2012/11/30/~3806/#05&quot;&gt;the photos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-12-02T10:09:02.450" LastActivityDate="2012-12-02T10:09:02.450" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1465" CreationDate="2012-12-02T14:41:09.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the executive order from Dec 24th, 1942 the letter &quot;ё&quot; is to be used in school education and in litterature, but many people recently have ignored this letter. Actually, it makes reading easier, because we read words as a whole, not by letters, and this letter is very much helpful, especially in fast reading.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="952" LastActivityDate="2012-12-02T14:41:09.803" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1465" CreationDate="2012-12-03T00:12:42.897" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Use of е instead ё may change the meaning of word. &lt;strong&gt;Все&lt;/strong&gt; means all. &lt;strong&gt;Всё&lt;/strong&gt; has another meaning; the End or death like in joke about the shortest telegram &lt;em&gt;&quot;Изя - всё!&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, or &#xA;all ot this &lt;em&gt;&quot;Всё это&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Все&lt;/strong&gt; собрались?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Everybody here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Всё&lt;/strong&gt; собрали?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Did you collect all the stuff?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="637" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-12-06T11:13:13.560" LastActivityDate="2012-12-06T11:13:13.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1469" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="948" CreationDate="2012-12-03T08:45:18.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;1.Speaking about very complex, hardly understandable.&#xA;В его формулах и выводах сам чёрт ногу сломит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Synonym: Китайская грамота&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.Something in great disorder, chaotic. Impossible to go through.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Круглый год в городе царствовала та хлопотливая неурядица, около которой можно было греть руки, зная вперед, что тут черт ногу сломит, прежде чем до чего-нибудь доищется. Салтыков-Щедрин. Пошехонская старина&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Synonym: Левая рука не знает, что делает правая. Дурдом, бардак и хаос. Большая заморока.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="637" LastActivityDate="2012-12-03T08:45:18.927" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1470" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1476" CreationDate="2012-12-03T19:21:54.870" Score="22" ViewCount="20066" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which quotation marks should I use? Some sentences use double-quotes, i.e. &lt;code&gt;&quot;...&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, while others use double-angle-quotes, i.e. &lt;code&gt;«...»&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, the &lt;code&gt;&quot;&lt;/code&gt; is correct in English. However, I am not sure which ones to use in Russian. For example, should I write &lt;code&gt;&quot;Это цитата.&quot;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;«Это цитата.»&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the correct symbols to use? Should I use &lt;code&gt;&quot;...&quot;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;«...»&lt;/code&gt;? If both should be used, when should I use one or the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1177" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2012-12-04T16:42:24.623" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T11:18:28.877" Title="Quotation marks" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;цитата&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1470" CreationDate="2012-12-03T19:41:16.587" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should use &lt;code&gt;«...»&lt;/code&gt;. The problem is that many text editors don't allow to use &lt;code&gt;«...»&lt;/code&gt; directly, so often you have to replace it with &lt;code&gt;&quot;...&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. It seems to be the only reason why &lt;code&gt;&quot;...&quot;&lt;/code&gt; are used in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastActivityDate="2012-12-03T19:41:16.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1472" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1470" CreationDate="2012-12-03T20:07:13.013" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In typographic text «…» are preferable. In da internetz &quot;…&quot; are used, as no other quotes available on the keyboard. In hand-writing „…“ are used almost exclusively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, if you want translate something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“It's very useful to have a gun,” he said with calm voice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it is better to avoid quotes at all, using direct speech, where applicable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Очень полезно иметь пушку, — хладнокровно сказал он.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-11-26T23:26:53.387" LastActivityDate="2016-11-26T23:26:53.387" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1453" CreationDate="2012-12-03T22:24:28.890" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Y in &quot;Yes&quot; is pronounced in a much more light way than the Russian Й, the distance between the tongue and the palate in English is wider.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Try to say it as Y in Yes, but the air should pass between the tongue and palate with much more strength. The hole between tongue and palate should be as narrow as it possible and also longer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for J as in jar, it has nothing in common with Й &lt;em&gt;or any other Russian sound&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1212" LastEditorUserId="1212" LastEditDate="2012-12-04T12:25:18.887" LastActivityDate="2012-12-04T12:25:18.887" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1417" CreationDate="2012-12-03T22:40:23.520" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A little monkey is called мартышка. I have never heard or read the form &quot;чита&quot; in my 50 years life. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your friend obviously, when being a child&quot; had taken the well-known &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.svoboda.org/content/article/463245.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Cheeta shimp&lt;/a&gt; name for a name for all small monkeys. It often happens that people are taking their child memories for absolute facts. Maybe she or her mother used the name this way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shortly: It is NOT the part of the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1212" LastEditorUserId="1212" LastEditDate="2012-12-04T12:51:25.800" LastActivityDate="2012-12-04T12:51:25.800" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1475" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1477" CreationDate="2012-12-03T23:12:31.163" Score="39" ViewCount="3834" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was always wondering: When at the end of the phone or other conversation people say &quot;ну давай&quot; meaning &quot;see you later&quot;. Where does this come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of meaning, I always understood it to mean &quot;давай уже сколько можно болтать, потом поговорим&quot;, but I am not sure of the true origins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's one of those things where I understand when and how to use the phrase but am completely unsure where it comes from.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="39" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2013-02-27T11:05:03.783" LastActivityDate="2017-07-23T04:19:56.617" Title="The meaning of &quot;давай&quot; when saying good bye" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1470" CreationDate="2012-12-04T04:43:43.173" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two types of quotation marks are used in Russian typography. The first one is «ёлочки», which is used in more formal writing. The other one is „лапки“. When you have one quote inside another you can use both of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На первой полосе было крупными буквами написано: «Пароход „Титаник“ столкнулся с айсбергом».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW, even though the sentence “Это цитирует приговор” is grammatically correct, I don't understand what it means. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="222" LastActivityDate="2012-12-04T04:43:43.173" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1475" CreationDate="2012-12-04T06:12:14.850" Score="29" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are actually asking a very, very interesting question. I believe that, among others, exactly such questions should be explored by modern linguists. As far as I know, nobody knows for sure, when and how exactly this form came to usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can only list here all common hypotheses, but it is important to understand that none of them is scientific, i.e. proved by any kind of statistical data. To be more exigent, such estimates can be listed as examples of so-called &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_etymology&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;folk etymology&lt;/a&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The most popular opinion is this form is derived from &lt;code&gt;давай прощаться&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some claim that this is derived from &lt;code&gt;давай руку&lt;/code&gt;, but I have strong doubts about this. As opposed to &lt;code&gt;давай лапу&lt;/code&gt;, it is less common in Russian to say something like this to human.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some claim that this is derived from &lt;code&gt;давай пять&lt;/code&gt;. I wonder why in that case the final form is not &quot;Дай&quot;, since actually it is way more common to say &lt;code&gt;дай пять&lt;/code&gt;, not &lt;code&gt;давай&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The form &lt;code&gt;давай&lt;/code&gt; by itself is used as a motivation (&quot;давай, сделай это!&quot;, &quot;давай, Вася!!!&quot;), so &lt;code&gt;давай&lt;/code&gt; can be a shortened form of &lt;code&gt;давай пока&lt;/code&gt; and/or famous &lt;code&gt;Давай, до свидания&lt;/code&gt;. The most funny part of this is that &lt;code&gt;пока&lt;/code&gt; actually is also a relatively new form of farewell. Korney Chukovsky &lt;a href=&quot;http://vivovoco.rsl.ru/VV/BOOKS/LANG/LANG_1.HTM&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;wrote&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Помню, как страшно я был возмущен, когда молодые люди, словно&#xA;  сговорившись друг с другом, стали вместо до свиданья говорить&#xA;  почему-то пока.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The doubled form &lt;code&gt;давай-давай&lt;/code&gt; is used to ask somebody to act quicker. By analogy with &lt;code&gt;пока-пока&lt;/code&gt; one can used &lt;code&gt;давай-давай&lt;/code&gt; for saying goodbye when he/she is in a hurry: &quot;Давай-давай, Оль, я побежала уже на работу&quot;. And the shortened form &quot;давай&quot; had been used in same meaning: &quot;Давай, мне пора&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I don't know why, but, to my knowledge, the word &lt;code&gt;давай&lt;/code&gt; with this meaning is one of  the most popular Russian word among non-native speakers. Moreover, it is quite popular among those who even don't know Russian. I've encountered this usage in Сentral Asia, in the Caucasus and among Estonians and Lithuanian people. The second such word is &lt;code&gt;вообще&lt;/code&gt; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-07-23T04:19:56.617" LastActivityDate="2017-07-23T04:19:56.617" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1475" CreationDate="2012-12-04T07:29:31.593" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition, in this case I think, 'давай' - is a sort of &quot;junk word&quot; (слово-паразит).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- давай, до завтра.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- ну давай, пока!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- давай, до встречи!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- ну давай, увидимся.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;or short:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- (ну) давай!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not everyone likes this figure of speech, in response you can get a joke:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- давай! &#xA;- не дам!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2012-12-04T07:29:31.593" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1470" CreationDate="2012-12-04T08:25:01.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's what Artemiy Lebedev, the (in?)famous designer, has to say about &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.artlebedev.ru/kovodstvo/sections/104/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quotation marks&lt;/a&gt;. And a little more - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.artlebedev.ru/kovodstvo/sections/62/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, he also says, that the only correct forms of quotation marks in Russian writing/typography are these: «» and „“. They can be used interchangeably, but, as Yury correctly &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/1476/560&quot;&gt;states&lt;/a&gt; they can be combined if you need to enclose something in quotation marks when the sentence itself is already quoted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usage of these quotes: &quot;&quot; is considered sloppy, excluding special cases, such as writing source code. They is common on the Internet, although it is not true that the correct form of quotation marks is inaccessible on the standard keyboard. They are just slightly harder to remember. :) Here's the list for Windows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Alt+0171 = «&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Alt+0187 = »&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Alt+201E = „&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Alt+201C = “&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although, for the last two to work you need to change the registry and I never succeeded in making it work for me. :(&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh, and there's yet another way - Ilya Birman's &lt;a href=&quot;http://ilyabirman.ru/projects/typography-layout/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;typographic keyboard layout&lt;/a&gt;. It has all the symbols you may need.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-12-04T08:25:01.903" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1470" CreationDate="2012-12-04T08:26:26.773" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add to the answers above, here's how you can use the right kind of quotation marks on your computer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;On Mac,&lt;/strong&gt; while using Russian keyboard layout:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Simultaneously push &lt;code&gt;option&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;shift&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;=&lt;/code&gt; to type &lt;code&gt;«&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Simultaneously push &lt;code&gt;option&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;=&lt;/code&gt; to type &lt;code&gt;»&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;On Win,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Turn on &lt;code&gt;num lock&lt;/code&gt;, then push and hold &lt;code&gt;alt&lt;/code&gt;, then type these sequences of numbers on the numeric keypad:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;0171&lt;/code&gt; to type &lt;code&gt;«&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;0187&lt;/code&gt; to type &lt;code&gt;»&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;0132&lt;/code&gt; to type &lt;code&gt;„&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;0147&lt;/code&gt; to type &lt;code&gt;“&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another difference between Russian and English quotation marks is where you put the period. In English, the period is put inside the quote: &quot;Like this&lt;code&gt;.&quot;&lt;/code&gt; In Russian, the period is put after the quote: «Вот так&lt;code&gt;».&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It should be also said, that the outstanding majority of Russians don't use the correct quotation marks on the Internet. As far as I know, the &lt;code&gt;&quot;&lt;/code&gt; symbol didn't use to be a quotation mark either (the English quotation marks are &lt;code&gt;“&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;”&lt;/code&gt;), and is only used now due to the fact that typewriters lacked the proper signs. However, it is accepted now in English, and is widely used in Russian, despite the snobby attitude the graphic designers have towards it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="626" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-02-13T11:18:28.877" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T11:18:28.877" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1475" CreationDate="2012-12-04T12:44:24.493" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native speaker, I believe this means &quot;давай прощаться&quot;, &quot;давай&quot; is often used in Russian in the meaning Let's + any verb. You can use &quot;давай&quot; actually with all verbs to suggest doing something. &#xA;Examples:&#xA;Давай поцелуемся. Давай останемся. Давай посмотрим...&#xA;I hope I helped :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1219" LastActivityDate="2012-12-04T12:44:24.493" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1470" CreationDate="2012-12-04T14:55:51.427" Score="0" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For official documents only «...» should be used;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When writing by hand, the upper and lower double quotes („...“).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In other cases - as you prefer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1065" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2012-12-09T10:49:59.750" LastActivityDate="2012-12-09T10:49:59.750" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1475" CreationDate="2012-12-04T20:40:56.530" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe this meant for ending a discussion in the course of which the sides had reached an agreement about any actions in the future. Thus the word could initially be a sign that the agreement remains in force even if other topics were discussed after it, because otherwise the later discussion could create an impression that the agreement idea is abandoned or not that important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Ну давай тогда, будем действовать как договорились.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Хорошо, давай, до свидания тогда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Давай встретимся на той неделе, обсудим наши результаты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Ну давай тогда, до встречи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Давай действуй, нечего тут базарить, время терять!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Хорошо, сделаю, как вы сказали.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-12-04T20:47:26.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1484" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1453" CreationDate="2012-12-04T20:45:09.740" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Letter &quot;й&quot; is pronounced as sound /j/.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1225" LastActivityDate="2012-12-04T20:45:09.740" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1475" CreationDate="2012-12-04T22:15:18.223" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a very interesting question indeed.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The answer by shabunc is also very good. For example, I did not know that &quot;Пока&quot; was introduced at Korney Chukovsky's time - the beginning of the 20th century. I thought it always existed :-). And I did not know also about his attitude to the introduction of this word then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember when &quot;давай&quot; instead of &quot;до свидания&quot; or &quot;пока&quot; was introduced. It was at the end of 1970s - beginning of 80s. I remember how I myself started to use it. My understanding of its meaning was bullet number 4 in shabunc's list, i.e. motivational. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem with more formal expressions of goodbye like &quot;прощай&quot; (almost never used), &quot;до свидания&quot;, &quot;счастливо&quot;, and even &quot;пока&quot; is that they have too much pathos for certain situations. When you part with a good friend casually, you do not want to show too much senses but at the same time you want to finish your conversation on a positive note. Something like wishing him/her good luck but without too much pathos. Here &quot;давай&quot; comes into play with a hand wave for example. Давай goes (to my mind, at least that is what I was thinking when I was using it) as shortening of &quot;давай, будь здоров&quot;, &quot;давай, наслаждайся жизнью&quot;, &quot;давай, делай что задумал&quot;, or if I may mix Russian and English &quot;давай, continue with your life&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact is that давай in motivational meaning (used as a soft motivation in Russian) conveys some positive attitude to the person who it is addressed to. Something like &quot;I believe you can do it.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I used/use it personally I do not think about &quot;давай прощаться&quot;, &quot;давай руку&quot;, &quot;давай пять&quot; or &quot;давай-давай&quot;. But it is just me. :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-07-23T04:19:12.570" LastActivityDate="2017-07-23T04:19:12.570" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1465" CreationDate="2012-12-05T10:39:51.447" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a distinct letter. You can find more details on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo_%28Cyrillic%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Original Russian Wiki&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The letter has a rich history, and is currently somewhat-optional but required in specific cases (translation from Russian Wiki):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of 03.05.2007, № AF-159/03 &amp;quot;Decisions of the Interdepartmental Commission on the Russian language&amp;quot; [17] one is required to write the letter &amp;quot;ё&amp;quot; in cases where there may be confusion in pronouncing the word, such as in proper names; as ignoring the letter &amp;quot;ё&amp;quot; in this case is a violation of Federal Law &amp;quot;On the state language of the Russian Federation.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the rules of Russian spelling and punctuation in the regular printed texts the usage of &amp;quot;ё&amp;quot; is optional.  However, at the request of the author or editor any book can be reprinted using &amp;quot;ё&amp;quot;.  (src: &amp;quot;Правила русской орфографии и пунктуации. Полный академический справочник. Под ред. В. В. Лопатина&amp;quot;, ЭКСМО, 2006. Стр. 20, § 5)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1230" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-12-05T10:39:51.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1491" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1511" CreationDate="2012-12-06T01:28:35.367" Score="5" ViewCount="300" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a famous conjecture in math that is called the abc conjecture. When I was preparing a lecture on this for a summer school in Russia a few months ago I was initially going to call it abc гипотеза, but a search of the literature suggested that the correct translation is гипотеза abc (in the same style as гипотеза Римана), so I used that instead. However, after a mathematician announced in September that he proved the conjecture (the status of &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; is not something for this website :)) I have noticed that the label abc-гипотеза (same format as Континуум-гипотеза), rather than гипотеза abc, is being used a lot more often when writing about the problem. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can a native speaker comment on whether one form (гипотеза abc or abc-гипотеза) sounds better than another, or do they both sound reasonable?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2012-12-12T09:06:55.880" Title="abc-гипотеза or гипотеза abc" Tags="&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1491" CreationDate="2012-12-06T03:14:24.947" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I like that you have this question. It is very correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, &lt;strong&gt;abc-гипотеза&lt;/strong&gt; sounds better than &lt;strong&gt;гипотеза abc&lt;/strong&gt;. It is really in same format as &lt;em&gt;Континуум-гипотеза&lt;/em&gt;. If you want to use the same style as &lt;em&gt;гипотеза Римана&lt;/em&gt;, you may use the term &lt;em&gt;гипотеза Эстерле — Массера&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is also confirmed by &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abc-%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastActivityDate="2012-12-06T03:14:24.947" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="27" CreationDate="2012-12-06T05:42:21.313" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;смущен этим&quot;&#xA;&quot;это вызвало трудности&quot;&#xA;Если более развернуто то&#xA;&quot;я морально не готов к...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1234" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-12-09T20:54:46.777" LastActivityDate="2012-12-09T20:54:46.777" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1491" CreationDate="2012-12-06T07:01:42.417" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maria had a right answer, but I just want to contribute about the &quot;general rule&quot; of usage of such constructions.  When you can place &quot;of&quot;, &quot;about&quot;, &quot;by&quot; in the English version, then it's гипотеза Чего-То, otherwise it's usually Что-то-гипотеза. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not universal, but helps a lot (for example, теорема Ферма = Fermat theorem (= theorem OF Fermat, or BY Fermat), but RGB-кодирование (RGB coding in graphics, because RGB is a &quot;type&quot; of coding, not smth like &quot;coding of RGB&quot;). However, both variants will be easily understood by any native speaker, even if one of them isn't quite right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1235" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-12-08T16:02:03.403" LastActivityDate="2012-12-08T16:02:03.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1495" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1500" CreationDate="2012-12-06T09:51:16.303" Score="12" ViewCount="558" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given that &lt;em&gt;народ&lt;/em&gt; is connected to &lt;em&gt;род&lt;/em&gt;, and has to do with birth, and &lt;em&gt;нация&lt;/em&gt; derives from the Latin &lt;em&gt;natus&lt;/em&gt;, past participle of &lt;em&gt;nasci&lt;/em&gt; (being born), is there any difference between the two terms?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have been instructed that &lt;em&gt;народ&lt;/em&gt; should be referred to peoples like the Komi, Yakut, Chuvash, i.e., minorities in the Russian Federation, while the Russian people make up a &lt;em&gt;нация&lt;/em&gt;, but I suspect this is not the whole truth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1154" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-02T16:43:55.380" LastActivityDate="2013-02-02T16:43:55.380" Title="Difference between “нация” and “народ”" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1495" CreationDate="2012-12-06T10:39:57.540" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Word &lt;em&gt;народ&lt;/em&gt; generally refers to a large group of people with a common something (culture, customs, language, interests, etc.), normally also within the same geographical boundaries.  The word normally infers actual physical people. It is also often used to describe a large crowd of people gathered in a particular place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Там собрался у ворот // Этот, как его, народ.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  (Л. Филатов)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word &lt;em&gt;нация&lt;/em&gt; refers to an abstract group of people with the same ethnic origin.  It's very closed translated into English as &lt;em&gt;nation&lt;/em&gt; and has the same meaning.  This word does not have to infer physical people (although it could) and can simply mean some abstract group of the same nationality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нация без литературы нелюбопытна.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  (З. Прилепин)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When referring to an ethnic minority, you can use both words, depending on what you want to say, keeping in mind the differences I described above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2012-12-06T10:39:57.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1495" CreationDate="2012-12-06T11:15:31.667" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;em&gt;народ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;нация&lt;/em&gt; originate from Latin &lt;em&gt;natio&lt;/em&gt;, though the former is a calque while the latter is a borrowing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both terms are polysemic, but according to majority of views, &lt;em&gt;нация&lt;/em&gt; is a political entity while &lt;em&gt;народ&lt;/em&gt; is cultural, ethnical or linguistical entity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two are often used interchangeably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As is the case with many philosophical terms, different authors cannot agree on exact definitions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;em&gt;Большой энциклопедический словарь&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;НАЦИЯ&lt;/strong&gt; (от лат. &lt;em&gt;natio&lt;/em&gt; - племя, народ), историческая общность людей, складывающаяся в процессе формирования общности их территории, экономических связей, литературного языка, этнических особенностей культуры и характера.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;НАРОД&lt;/strong&gt; , 1) все население определенной страны. 2) Различные формы исторических общностей (племя, народность, нация).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-12-06T13:39:27.863" LastActivityDate="2012-12-06T13:39:27.863" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1495" CreationDate="2012-12-06T22:09:19.027" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most cases you should use &quot;&lt;em&gt;народ&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, including the case of Russian people. Sometimes you may use &quot;&lt;em&gt;национальность&lt;/em&gt;&quot; to refer either ethnicity as a person's quality or a small &lt;em&gt;народ&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You normally do not use the word &quot;&lt;em&gt;нация&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. It is mostly used in translated texts so to translate what English language denotes as &quot;nation&quot;, a pompous reference to a state or a power. Some neo-Nazi also may use this word in idioms like &lt;em&gt;благо нации&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;нация превыше всего&lt;/em&gt;. This usage has racist overtones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, &lt;em&gt;нация&lt;/em&gt; is pompous, high-style and rare. Народ is unmarked to refer a people, страна is unmarked to refer a country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also worth mentioning that &lt;em&gt;народ&lt;/em&gt; can be counter-posited to the elite (similarly to the English word &quot;people&quot;), but can include the elite as well, while &lt;em&gt;нация&lt;/em&gt; always includes the elite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он считал, что принадлежит к элите нации. = He thought he belonged to the elite of the nation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он был на равных с (простым) народом. = He was on par with the (simple) people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2012-12-13T14:51:51.663" LastActivityDate="2012-12-13T14:51:51.663" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1501" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-12-07T01:30:39.117" Score="12" ViewCount="1075" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've always thought that the formal rules for declining decimals in Russian seem a little...unwieldy. For example, I gather that the &lt;em&gt;correct&lt;/em&gt; way to say &quot;pi is approximately equal to 3.14159&quot; -- which isn't an uncommon thing to say, at least in some circles -- would require one to say something like &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пи примерно равно трём целым, четырнадцати тысячам ста пятидесяти девяти стотысячным&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, an English speaker would just say &quot;3-point-one-four-one-five-nine&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is -- do native Russian speakers actually take the &lt;em&gt;correct&lt;/em&gt; approach in colloquial speech? Is there no easier way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1241" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-12-07T08:44:56.940" LastActivityDate="2013-12-27T10:12:14.643" Title="Decimal Declension" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1502" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1501" CreationDate="2012-12-07T02:49:26.133" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, we do not use the &quot;correct&quot; way of pronouncing with сто тысячными. In colloquial speech we would pronounce it as &quot;Три запятая четырнадцать сто пятьдесят девять&quot; или &quot;Три запятая сто сорок один пятьсот девяносто два&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interesting fact is that Russians tend to group digits by 2 or 3 (f.e. сто сорок один) when pronounce while English usually pronounce by single digits (one four one). It is applicable to phone numbers as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Answering DET's question of how to decline that simplified pronunciation of fractions. We bend the rules here and say &quot;пи равно три [pause] сто сорок один пятьсот девяносто два...&quot; because the other possibility &quot;пи равно трем [pause] ста сорока двум пятистам девяноста двум...&quot; or &quot;трем четырнадцати пятнадцати девяноста двум&quot; sounds completely ugly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT1: Answering KCd's question about pronouncing groups of digits that start with zeros. &#xA;First of all, I must say that pronouncing long decimal fractions does not differ from pronouncing any long sequences of digits. I tried to find on internet any standards that regulate this. I found only these:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://vatrus.info/files/FAP362.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Федеральные авиационные правила&lt;/a&gt;. Item 2.3 refers to &quot;usual spoken language&quot; and gives no more details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При ведении радиообмена на русском языке при передаче цифровых&#xA;  значений используется  простой разговорный язык.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.granit-radio.ru/legislation/prav_5.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Правила радиосвязи на внутренних водных путях&lt;/a&gt; Item 131 gives more details (note, that there is &quot;typo&quot; there: &quot;пятизначные группы 25, 46&quot; should be read as &quot;двузначные группы 25, 46&quot;). This indirectly confirms that in Russian we prefer 2- and 3-digit groups. This standard, though, does not say anything about zeros.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, now I'm free to formulate &quot;usual spoken language&quot; rules for pronouncing zeros. :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In groups starting from one or more zeros the zeros are never omitted. They are always pronounced. For example 4203 - сорок два [pause] ноль три. This is because the rule of pronouncing the digits in groups of the same size - is a weak rule and can be broken in the middle of the number for convenience of pronouncing or remembering. See my example of pronouncing &quot;e&quot; (2 7 1828 1828). In 99% of cases though the rule is respected: if you started to pronounce in groups of 3, you continue by groups of 3 till the end.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If there are group of subsequent zeros (like 000 in 1230003), you often do not pronounce each of them separately but instead pronounce два ноля, три ноля ... десять нолей, and then continue possibly with the same size of group as you started. So, i.e. 4,200032 can be pronounced as четыре и два три нуля тридцать два. It still also can be pronounced as четыре, двести ровно, ноль тридцать два.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the group is ending with zeros (as 200 or 20) it may create ambiguity. I.e. if you say двести, тридцать два, it may mean 200 32 (here you voluntary switched from 3-digit groups to 2-digit, or involuntary because it was the end of the sequence), or 232. In this case, to eliminate the ambiguity we say &quot;двести ровно, тридцать два&quot; (two hundred sharp, thirty two), or make an enormously long pause between 200 and 32.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="1147" LastEditDate="2013-12-27T10:12:14.643" LastActivityDate="2013-12-27T10:12:14.643" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1475" CreationDate="2012-12-07T04:46:05.153" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A very good question indeed.  I have been pondering this for a while too and conclude that the origin lies in an old Russian tradition of drinking, specifically toasting.  It is equivalent to a parting exclamation of &quot;Cheers!&quot;.  Everybody is familiar with a common toast &quot;Давай (выпьем) за...&quot; as in Let's drink to...A common one is  &quot;Давай за здоровье &quot;may we all be healthy&quot; akin to &quot;Cheers.&quot; I have been a part of many a heated convesation that ended with a peace-maiking, amicable &quot;Ну ладно, давай за...&quot;(Well, okay, let's drink to...) With time it shortened to &quot;Ну...давай,&quot; or simply &quot;давай!&quot; Eventually, it became a positive parting greeting.  Incidentally, a lot of my male friends end conversations with &quot;Ну...давай&quot; whereas I can not think of any female friend who does.  Coincidence? Well, maybe. &quot;Ну...давай&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1243" LastActivityDate="2012-12-07T04:46:05.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1505" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1507" CreationDate="2012-12-07T09:57:06.713" Score="3" ViewCount="490" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can anyone help me in telling what the woman says in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1PJNK5aBNk&amp;amp;t=0m15s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; cartoon? It is only few words before: &quot;крокодиль играи&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1154" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-12-07T10:53:45.880" LastActivityDate="2012-12-07T10:53:45.880" Title="What does she say?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1505" CreationDate="2012-12-07T10:10:39.937" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;She gives Gena the Crocodile a garmon (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmon&lt;/a&gt;) and commands, &quot;Крокодил, играй!&quot; which means, &quot;Crocodile, play [it]!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2012-12-07T10:10:39.937" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1505" CreationDate="2012-12-07T10:43:28.920" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;— Молодец, старик! Не оставил друга! А ну-ка, подвинься... Крокодил, играй!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Good for you, old fellow! Did not leave a friend! C'mon, move over ... Crocodile, play!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastActivityDate="2012-12-07T10:43:28.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1434" CreationDate="2012-12-07T18:13:48.043" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Бухать is a slang word for 'to drink alcohol'. But the grammatical construction is valid and can be found in many other phrases conveying amazement with somebody doing something in sheer excess. It conveys a mixture of approval and disapproval (ну ты и силен бухать), and aimed at embarrassing a person to whom it is said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because the first part of phrase is expressing some positive amazement (ну ты и), the second part - just to balance - usually uses more or less offensive/colloquial word for person's behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All this phrases are from spoken language because the intonation plays a big role here in conveying meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ну ты и спать (дрыхнуть)!&#xA;Ну ты и есть (жрать)!&#xA;Ну ты и гулять (шляться)!&#xA;Ну ты и кричать (орать)!&#xA;Ну ты и ругаться (пи..еть)!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;и&quot; after &quot;ты&quot; can be omitted for brevity. &#xA;&quot;Ну ты даешь&quot; is grammatically similar but follows a slightly different pattern meaning-wise. It is said when a person did something stupid or in other way amazing, not necessarily in excess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Because OP was asking for references (not only personal experiences) I looked on internet. The only source discussing exactly this question I found is &lt;a href=&quot;http://lingvoforum.net/index.php?topic=37617.0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Apparently, many Russians believe that it is not a valid construction. While others sure that it is. To approach the problem of this disagreement scientifically we now need to find the correlation between the fact of believe that it exists/not exists and other characteristics of believers. :-) We obviously do not have time to do this research but my guess it is geographical differentiation. I think this phrase is used in certain geographical locations and is not used in others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT 2: Although v'-5o-1's73- selected it as the answer (thanks) we can see from voting that most people think this construction does not sound good. In my defense I can say that there is significant part of population (not a majority, but significant) who believe that it is a good phrase (as confirmed by the link to forum and some votes on this site). I think the phrase comes from the phrase with the word &lt;em&gt;горазд&lt;/em&gt;, for example &quot;ну ты и орать горазд&quot; where &lt;em&gt;горазд&lt;/em&gt; is omitted for brevity and because it is a very old, not much used word nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-12-25T21:02:01.520" LastActivityDate="2012-12-25T21:02:01.520" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1491" CreationDate="2012-12-08T02:20:01.290" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, I would like to say that I do not think that the proving of conjecture had direct influence to the fact that it started to be written in a different manner. :-) Something like: for uncertain things we use гипотеза х, but for known things x-гипотеза. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding to the question of what sounds better to Russian ear, the answer is as usual: it depends. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditionally Russian has two types of constructions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1. теорема/гипотеза/теория/уравнение + &amp;lt;сущ. в родительном падеже&amp;gt; (Noun + noun in Genetive)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;F.e. уравнения Максвелла, теория чисел, теория струн&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;2. &amp;lt;прилагательное&amp;gt; + теорема/гипотеза/теория/уравнение (adjective + noun)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;F.e. Евклидова геометрия, флуктуационная гипотеза.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian the first way is the most commonly used for names of theories.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English the first way corresponds to &lt;em&gt;theory of + noun&lt;/em&gt; and is quite rarely used. Example: theory of relativity. But the most common construction in English is &lt;em&gt;attributive noun + noun&lt;/em&gt;. All my examples of Russian way 1. will be translated using attributive noun in English: Maxwell equation, number theory, string theory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The third way in Russian like Континуум-гипотеза, abc-гипотеза is calque from English. It became more fashionable now in the days of globalization when researches read a lot of material in English and translate their works into English, so why bother doing full adoption into language - it may be more practical to keep it closer to English, less re-wording when translate. So while &lt;em&gt;гипотеза континуума&lt;/em&gt; sounds more Russian &lt;em&gt;Континуум-гипотеза&lt;/em&gt; sounds cooler and is shorter. Compare with older adoption: &lt;em&gt;теорема вириала&lt;/em&gt;, was not taken as &lt;em&gt;вириал-теорема&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Abc-гипотеза is even more obvious candidate to the use of English way with attributive noun in front because it is anyway written in Latin alphabet and &quot;abc&quot; does not decline. So it does not sounds Russian even if you put &quot;abc&quot; after the &quot;гипотеза&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-12-08T02:25:24.717" LastActivityDate="2012-12-08T02:25:24.717" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1512" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-12-08T16:50:10.423" Score="14" ViewCount="448" Body="&lt;p&gt;When using an imperative form, what effect does the speaker's choice of aspect have? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More concretely — what's the difference between (for example) &lt;em&gt;снимай пальто&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;сними пальто&lt;/em&gt;? In both cases, the speaker intends for the action to be completed &quot;immediately&quot;, so the choice of aspect (imperfective vs perfective) doesn't seem to have it's usual grammatical significance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the choice of aspect  mostly a matter of &quot;etiquette&quot;? It may be just me, but the imperfective form (&lt;em&gt;снимай&lt;/em&gt;) seems more polite. But I think I've heard plenty of native speakers use imperfective forms when they intend to be rude (for example, there's a scene in &quot;Brat&quot; when our hero tells a hooligan on the bus to &quot;bezhai&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1249" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-05-23T21:08:17.723" LastActivityDate="2013-05-23T21:36:21.630" Title="Imperatives and Aspect" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;вид&gt;&lt;imperative&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1513" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-12-08T18:17:17.010" Score="10" ViewCount="557" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference between these two words or are they synonyms? I understand that both words describe weather conditions, that are colder, than just &quot;холод&quot;. It does seem to me that &quot;стужа&quot; sounds harsher than &quot;мороз&quot;, but I cannot explain it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1253" LastActivityDate="2012-12-12T07:21:15.690" Title="Difference between &quot;стужа&quot; and &quot;мороз&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1513" CreationDate="2012-12-08T19:33:54.923" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're right, &quot;стужа&quot; (or old-fashioned &quot;студа&quot;) means &quot;сильный мороз&quot;. You can consult &lt;a href=&quot;http://slovardalja.net&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language&lt;/a&gt; by Vladimir Dal to get a comprehensive explanation of the words' meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="441" LastActivityDate="2012-12-08T19:33:54.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1512" CreationDate="2012-12-08T20:39:45.717" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As with other moods, perfective form focuses on state transition (start, end, result) while imperfective focuses on state (or process).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It naturally occurs that a request to perform a process sounds more polite than a request to obtain the result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Babaytseva et al., &lt;em&gt;Современный русский язык&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Основным модальным значением формы несовершенного вида является выражение побуждения. Внимание говорящего направлено на факт действия, а не на его результат, цель:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Ты скоро соберешься? Собирайся, я подожду на крыльце &lt;em&gt;(Бубеннов).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;— Здесь не положено расхаживать, уходите, а не то задержу!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    — Задерживайте,— сказал Синцов с полной готовностью &lt;em&gt;(Симонов).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Формы совершенного вида обычно выражают приказание, совет, просьбу и т. д. Примеры:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;А ну, расскажи, как ты там жил в эти два года &lt;em&gt;(Горький).&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Возьмите деньги и дайте туда.. &lt;em&gt;(Гончаров).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;— Леонид, остынь!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    — Куда же больше остывать? Я и так из ледяной воды! &lt;em&gt;(Бубеннов).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-12-10T05:26:54.457" LastActivityDate="2012-12-10T05:26:54.457" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1512" CreationDate="2012-12-08T20:42:08.293" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imperfective forms as imperatives are usually more demanding and sometimes even rude. While &lt;em&gt;дай денег&lt;/em&gt; sounds like a request and can be followed by &lt;em&gt;пожалуйста&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;давай деньги&lt;/em&gt; is a demand, appropriate for a robbery. &lt;em&gt;Давай деньги, пожалуйста&lt;/em&gt; is a demand said with a mocking intonation: I'm being polite, but if you don't abide, you're in trouble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, &lt;em&gt;снимай пальто&lt;/em&gt; is not rude, but doesn't leave any place for disagreeing. Sort of &quot;take off your coat, and I will not take &quot;no&quot; for an answer.&quot; However, the intonation plays the bigger part than the aspect in all the examples mentioned above. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usual rules for perfective/imperfective verbs apply too, of course. In &quot;when you visit a friend, you should always take your coat off&quot;, you should use &lt;em&gt;снимай(те)&lt;/em&gt; (repeated action). In a particular situation, the perfective is more appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, in &quot;Brat&quot;, the hero says &lt;em&gt;бежать&lt;/em&gt;. The infinitives are used as imperatives when giving orders (in army, or police.) This is, I guess, a hint to the military past of the character.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="626" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-12-08T21:44:56.640" LastActivityDate="2012-12-08T21:44:56.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1517" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1521" CreationDate="2012-12-09T04:00:12.093" Score="12" ViewCount="2874" Body="&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should 'э' be pronounced as 'a' in &quot;cat&quot;, or 'e' in &quot;net&quot;? Is its pronunciation context dependent? If so what are the rules for its pronunciation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1177" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2012-12-09T06:56:20.153" LastActivityDate="2021-04-26T09:42:04.553" Title="Pronunciation of 'э'" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1517" CreationDate="2012-12-09T08:26:51.603" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is an article in the wiki about the sound with sound file, denoted in phonetic transcription as [ɛ], which is the ideal Russian 'Э' from a linguistic POV. However, from the POV of a native speaker &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; sound denoted in phonetic transcription as [æ] is the same. To be precise, this is a part of English that gives native Russians a hard time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="334" LastEditDate="2013-03-23T03:57:21.983" LastActivityDate="2013-03-23T03:57:21.983" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1517" CreationDate="2012-12-09T08:35:30.310" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;'Э'&lt;/strong&gt; often is used to transmit the sound &lt;strong&gt;[æ]&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(blackpool)&lt;/em&gt; or diphthong &lt;strong&gt;[ɛə]&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(Delaware, Blair)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some rules for its pronunciation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;'Э'&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced in initial position before hard consonants: &lt;em&gt;этот, энциклопедия, эклиптика, эволюция, элементарно.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;'Э'&lt;/strong&gt; after consonants &lt;em&gt;(пэр, мэр, сэр)&lt;/em&gt; denotes the hardness of the consonant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;'Е'&lt;/strong&gt; reads as &lt;strong&gt;'э'&lt;/strong&gt; after some hard consonants of loanwords: &lt;em&gt;фонетика, отель, кафе, эссе.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;'Э'&lt;/strong&gt; is used to write a few words of ingrained Russian: &lt;em&gt;этот, этакий, это, эк, эвон, эва, эдак, эх, эхе-хе, эй, эхма, эге-ге, эге.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-12-16T14:15:09.537" LastActivityDate="2020-12-16T14:15:09.537" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1513" CreationDate="2012-12-09T08:36:28.407" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Стужа&quot; is outdated. You will not normally encounter this word in modern speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-12-09T08:36:28.407" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1517" CreationDate="2012-12-09T13:18:30.853" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you mean the British pronunciation of [æ] as in &amp;quot;cat&amp;quot;, this is definitely not our 'э'; it's like 'я' between two palatalized consonants. The closest to stressed Russian 'э' among symbols used for English is [ɛ], but [e] is also acceptable. But, on the other side, Russians usually have difficulties to pronounce [æ] correctly here and replace it with a long [ɛ]; this is supported by some American dialects affection and that can confuse native English speakers to find a relation between sounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_for_Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia page&lt;/a&gt; declares [ɛ] as the main variant for a stressed 'э'. It's rather true because the relation between [ɛ] and [e] follows common relations between the mid-back vowel row, after unpalatalized consonants, and the front row, after palatalized consonants. The letter &amp;quot;э&amp;quot; is never used to palatalize a consonant before it, so it means [ɛ]. OTOH, &amp;quot;е&amp;quot; can mean both [e] after a palatalized consonant (the most used case), [e̞] after non-palatalized sibilant as &amp;quot;ш&amp;quot;, or [ɛ] in loanwords (тест, кашне, проект, etc.); the native words usually have no non-palatalization effect, but it's typical for loanwords.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should also notice that Russians who haven't got special linguistics education don't understand the difference between [ɛ] and [e], as with most other pairs ([a] vs. [æ], etc.) because the factor which affects vowel allophone selection is palatalization of the previous consonant, but in written the latter is defined by vowel letter selection (а/я, э/е, etc.); this could be confusing if not understood clearly. Traditional school grammar requires a student to sign the vowel as [э] independently of its implementation variant, so e.g. &amp;quot;лето&amp;quot; is transcribed as [л'эта].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the short final conclusion is that you can pronounce it like [e] in &amp;quot;net&amp;quot;, etc., or better as the first sound in &amp;quot;air&amp;quot; [ɛə], but the main factor is that you shouldn't palatalize (&amp;quot;soften&amp;quot;) the preceding consonant and you will be correctly understood when using either of them; and [æ] isn't applicable here. And, BTW, unstressed 'э' is something between [ɨ], [ɪ], [ɛ]... the difference between them is not important in this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="827" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2021-04-26T09:42:04.553" LastActivityDate="2021-04-26T09:42:04.553" CommentCount="17" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1524" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1513" CreationDate="2012-12-09T15:42:23.597" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Стужа&lt;/em&gt; - это когда зимой дует сильный ветер и очень холодно, а &lt;em&gt;мороз&lt;/em&gt; - это просто очень низкая температура, то есть - много. Как правило, &lt;em&gt;стужа&lt;/em&gt; бывает при сильном &lt;em&gt;морозе&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Стужа&lt;/em&gt; имеет общий корень со словами &lt;em&gt;студить&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;остывать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1238" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-12-09T16:00:26.457" LastActivityDate="2012-12-09T16:00:26.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1525" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1527" CreationDate="2012-12-10T01:36:52.500" Score="8" ViewCount="6370" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between «нет» and «не»? They both seem to mean &quot;no&quot;. When should each one be used? Are they interchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1177" LastActivityDate="2012-12-18T20:45:53.770" Title="Difference between &quot;нет&quot; and &quot;не&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1525" CreationDate="2012-12-10T02:36:57.133" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are not interchangeable! Roughly speaking “нет” means “no”, and “не” means “not”. Here are several examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не&lt;/strong&gt; делай этого! — Don't (=do &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt;) do that!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; знаю, что делать. — I don't (=do &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt;) know what to do!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня &lt;strong&gt;нет&lt;/strong&gt; денег. — I have &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt; money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты пойдёшь на вечеринку? &lt;strong&gt;Нет&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; пойду. — Will you go to the party? &lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;, I will &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, however, “нет” means “not”:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы должны это сделать, хотите ли вы этого или &lt;strong&gt;нет&lt;/strong&gt;. — You must do that whether you want that or &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="222" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-12-10T02:36:57.133" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1525" CreationDate="2012-12-10T03:52:22.217" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming that you are not talking about the &amp;quot;нет&amp;quot; vs. &amp;quot;не&amp;quot; as in &amp;quot;no&amp;quot; vs. &amp;quot;not&amp;quot;, there is a colloquial use of the word &amp;quot;не&amp;quot; in place of &amp;quot;нет&amp;quot;, like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В кино пойдешь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не, не пойду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Formally, this is incorrect: one should say &amp;quot;Нет&amp;quot; instead of the first &amp;quot;Не&amp;quot;. However, this incorrect form is commonly used colloquially.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-12-12T01:18:52.800" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1513" CreationDate="2012-12-10T07:42:25.050" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Стужа is a dead of winter, мороз is a frost, which may happen every winter day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some synonyms are дубак - colloquail form of the frost, heard in all Siberia, and зусман. The later one comes via Yiddish from Odessa and also means frost, as I heard it from Hebrews. Also, Zusman is a widely known Yiddish family.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="637" LastActivityDate="2012-12-10T07:42:25.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1513" CreationDate="2012-12-10T17:44:29.487" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;These two can be treated as synonyms, but there's a subtle difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, I would say (and Vladimir Dal's dictionary would agree with me) that &quot;стужа&quot; (derived from &quot;студа&quot;) is harsher than &quot;мороз&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, by using &quot;стужа&quot; you can refer to a situation that is &quot;colder than it should be&quot;, for example &quot;стужа в доме&quot; doesn't mean that it's -50 degrees celsius in the house, but rather that it's much colder than it should be. In a similar way you use the verb &quot;остудить&quot; (to cool down, e.g. a cup of tea which is supposed to be served hot) instead of &quot;заморозить&quot; (to freeze so that it turns into ice).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, &quot;стужа&quot; is somewhat outdated. You would often find it in literature, but not so often in common speech today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://slovardalja.net/word.php?wordid=39357&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://slovardalja.net/word.php?wordid=39357&lt;/a&gt; for &quot;стужа&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://slovardalja.net/word.php?wordid=16004&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://slovardalja.net/word.php?wordid=16004&lt;/a&gt; for &quot;мороз&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh, and both words can also refer to things other than atmospheric conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1264" LastActivityDate="2012-12-10T17:44:29.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1530" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1534" CreationDate="2012-12-10T19:24:27.970" Score="8" ViewCount="743" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I understand from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set-builder_notation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; article, &quot;set comprehension&quot; is an expression like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;{ x | x ∈ R, 0&amp;lt;x&amp;lt;1}&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is familiar to everyone who reads mathematical literature, but I have never seen an  equvalent for naming such expressions in the Russian literature. On &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rsdn.ru/forum/dictionary/1075214.flat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; forum 3 variants are proposed: &quot;ZF-выражение&quot; and two analogs of &quot;list comprehension&quot;, which is &quot;Конструктор списка&quot; or &quot;списковое включение&quot;, .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first and second variants look too programming-related. The third variant looks more &quot;mathematical&quot;, but it seems to be uncommon among mathematicians.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a better translation? Should the translation differ between programming and mathematical contexts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="464" LastEditorUserId="464" LastEditDate="2012-12-12T18:19:05.887" LastActivityDate="2012-12-13T21:20:51.870" Title="What is Russian translation for &quot;set comprehension&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="11" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1531" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1535" CreationDate="2012-12-10T19:52:32.043" Score="3" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am making electronic slides for a presentation, and sometimes Russian words are too long to easily fit, so I'd like to use some abbreviations. From seeing lectures at blank boards, I've seen things like ф-я for функция, Д-во for доказательство, and ст-рa for структура. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I showed a sample of my slides to a native speaker, she thought удов-яют for удовлетворяют, built on the pattern of the previous examples, looked weird and that удов. looked more natural. She thought maybe there is some preference to abbreviate a verb just using initial letters and a noun or adj. using initial and final letters, although she hasn't really done this herself in making slides (and this idea is not always followed, e.g., Теор. for Теорема instead of Теор-а). My basic request is for advice about how to write natural-looking abbreviations of long Russian words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2012-12-11T12:43:23.547" Title="Writing abbreviations" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1531" CreationDate="2012-12-10T20:32:56.397" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://artlib.osu.ru/Docs/gost/7.12-93.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This document&lt;/a&gt; can help you.&#xA;Also try to save the parts of words that contain main information. In this case &lt;em&gt;ф-я&lt;/em&gt; looks bad, I would use &lt;em&gt;фун.&lt;/em&gt;, and using &lt;em&gt;теор-а&lt;/em&gt; doesn't make sense, you win almost nothing, &lt;em&gt;теор.&lt;/em&gt; is definitely better. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastActivityDate="2012-12-10T20:32:56.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1531" CreationDate="2012-12-10T20:41:54.007" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two basic rules to follow, and a thousand of complex ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The basic rules are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The abbreviated word should be understandable to the reader. Thus, commonly known abbreviations are preferred. Try this &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C:%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ru.wiktionary.org&lt;/a&gt; link, or this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slovari.ru/default.aspx?p=266&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;slovari.ru&lt;/a&gt; one if you're not sure about your abbreviation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Abbreviations should be unambiguous in your context of speech. For example, if you say &quot;фил.&quot;, I'm not too sure if you actually mean &quot;философский&quot; (филос.) or &quot;филологический&quot; (филол.).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For complex rules and for more abbreviations, see &lt;a href=&quot;http://artlib.osu.ru/Docs/gost/7.12-93.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the link&lt;/a&gt; provided by @КуЪ in &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/1532/1264&quot;&gt;his answer&lt;/a&gt;. It seems like it covers a lot of rules and provides a good deal of examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1264" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2012-12-10T20:41:54.007" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1530" CreationDate="2012-12-10T22:02:29.627" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will throw my two cents in. :-) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I remember from school and university the vertical line &quot;|&quot; in the notation {x|...} was read as &quot;такой что&quot;. It was kind of the term for the symbol: symbol &quot;такой что&quot;. We did not have the term for the whole expression but the vertical line is the most important symbol there. So, the logical name for the whole expression would be &quot;определение множества через знак &quot;такой что&quot;&quot; - which sounds a bit ugly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nevertheless, I searched in Russian wikipedia for mathematical symbols and found this &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&quot;&gt;page&lt;/a&gt;. If you search on the page for the &quot;{ | }&quot;, you will find in the 3rd column the name and the pronunciation of the expression. The name is: &quot;Множество элементов, удовлетворяющих условию&quot;. So, the answer to the OP will be &quot;выражение для множества элементов удовлетворяющих условию&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know it is not short, but it seems to be the official name for the mathematical context. Now we see why it is sometimes necessary to borrow terms from other languages. :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-12-10T22:53:49.683" LastActivityDate="2012-12-10T22:53:49.683" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1531" CreationDate="2012-12-11T12:43:23.547" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вот текст с сайта TheRules.ru пропущенный через мой личный опыт:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Предпочитаю использовать для сокращения точку (&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;) вместо дефиса (-), там, где это возможно. Это позволяет избежать странных слов.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Начальная буква может быть любая, но первая буква после дефиса, всегда согласная: о-во (общество), д-р (доктор), т-во (товарищество), б-ка (библиотека).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Нельзя сокращать на гласную букву, только если она не в начале слова, и на букву «ь». Например: слово карельский может быть сокращено: &lt;strong&gt;к.&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;кар.&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;карельск.&lt;/strong&gt;, а не в виде ка., каре., карель., &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;При стечении двух одинаковых согласных сокращение следует делать после первой согласной,например: &lt;strong&gt;стен.&lt;/strong&gt; календарь, &lt;strong&gt;грам.&lt;/strong&gt; ошибка (а не стенн., грамм.). При стечении двух различных или нескольких согласных сокращение следует делать после последней согласной, например: &lt;strong&gt;народн.&lt;/strong&gt; творчество (а не народ.), &lt;strong&gt;русск.&lt;/strong&gt; язык (а не рус.), &lt;strong&gt;искусств.&lt;/strong&gt; шёлк (а не искус., или искусс., или искусст.).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Есть список, так называемых, общепринятых сокращений. Например: &#xA;и т. д. — и так далее;&#xA;и т. п. — и тому подобное;&#xA;и др.   — и другие (после перечисления);&#xA;и пр.   — и прочие;&#xA;см. — смотри;&#xA;ср. — сравни (при ссылке; например, на другую часть сочинения);&#xA;напр.   — например;&#xA;в., вв. — век, века (при обозначении цифрами веков);&#xA;г., гг. — год, годы (при обозначении цифрами годов);&#xA;т., тт. — том, томы;&#xA;н. ст.  — новый стиль;&#xA;ст. ст. — старый стиль;&#xA;н. э.   — нашей эры;&#xA;г.  — город;&#xA;обл.    — область;&#xA;р.  — река;&#xA;оз. — озеро;&#xA;о.  — остров;&#xA;гр. — гражданин;&#xA;стр.    — страница;&#xA;акад.   — академик;&#xA;доц.    — доцент;&#xA;проф.   — профессор;&#xA;ж. д.   — железная дорога;&#xA;ж.-д.   — железнодорожный;&#xA;им. — имени;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;а также:&#xA;гор.    — город;&#xA;пос.    — посёлок;&#xA;ост.    — остановка;&#xA;ст.     — станция;&#xA;вх.     — входящий (-ая, ие);&#xA;исх.    — исходящий (-ая, ие);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По этому списку видно, что правилом 1 пользуюсь не только я.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сокращения вроде «ф-я» встречались мне только в записях лекций. Для записей лекций подобные сокращения вполне допустимы, так как позволяют производить запись с нужной скоростью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кроме того есть сокращения типа: н/д (нет данных), об образовании которых ничего не могу сказать по существу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1167" LastActivityDate="2012-12-11T12:43:23.547" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1530" CreationDate="2012-12-11T12:45:17.343" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for programming, set comprehensions, by analogy with list comprehensions (which are usually called &lt;code&gt;генераторы списков&lt;/code&gt;), are called &lt;code&gt;генераторы множеств&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for maths, in Russian tradition, as far as I know, such constructions ({x | where x have following properties} are called just sets (множества), but when we want to emphasise the fact that there are some properties defining the set, we call such properties &lt;code&gt;характеристические свойства множества&lt;/code&gt;. So, my 2 cents are - &lt;code&gt;множество с заданными характеристическими свойствами&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;множество, определяемое через характеристические свойства&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;предикат&lt;/code&gt; is also used instead of &lt;code&gt;характеристическое свойство&lt;/code&gt;. Also, I've seen phrase &lt;code&gt;множество, заданное порождающей процедурой&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-12-12T20:39:05.493" LastActivityDate="2012-12-12T20:39:05.493" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1537" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1539" CreationDate="2012-12-11T21:20:25.253" Score="2" ViewCount="287" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is a bit ambiguous, but what I am trying to ask is if there was a way people could  refer to the 'state' system in away that was not that obvious to figure out for everyone else? For instance, how could someone write an article in a newspaper, which would indirectly mention problems in the system, but at the same time, the gov. could not blame that particular article for anti-Russian sanctions. The period that interest me is 1905-17 (before the revolution).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen that Mayakovsky (I am not sure), for instance, is using these techniques to portray the gov. in way that allow only the 'people' to understand it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could some one suggest what metaphors, symbols, idioms, et cetera might be used for this purpose?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="545" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-12-11T23:55:58.300" LastActivityDate="2012-12-12T02:14:43.593" Title="How could people in Russian Empire refer to the gov. without mentioning the actual word" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2012-12-12T09:35:33.473" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1537" CreationDate="2012-12-12T01:18:00.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe they just omitted the word &quot;Tsar&quot; (the King), replacing it with a bit of silence while pointing [index] finger up (as if pointing at the God).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have no reliable sources althogh, just seen it done in actual discussion [semi]-humorously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1266" LastEditorUserId="1266" LastEditDate="2012-12-12T02:14:43.593" LastActivityDate="2012-12-12T02:14:43.593" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1537" CreationDate="2012-12-12T01:49:33.287" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like to give examples from a bit earlier times than you request. In the works of the great Russian satirist Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin (1826 – 1889) there are lots of the things of the kind you need, because in those times the censorship wouldn't simply allow any criticism of the government or the system printed. Saltykov-Shchedrin was so famous that the means he used became classics in Russian social criticism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In his book &quot;The History of a Town&quot; he describes all the vices of the government by describing the history of a Russian town during the Middle Ages, that is speaking about the past he, actually, spoke about the present &lt;em&gt;- a time shift&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &quot;Messieurs et Mesdames Pompadours&quot; he speaks about France, but means Russia &lt;em&gt;- a place shift&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &quot;The Golovlyov Family&quot;, one of his best works, he describes a family, whose members reflect and refract the whole life in Russia. In &quot;The Tashkenters Clique&quot; he speaks about problems of a small remote provincial town, but means the whole of Russia &lt;em&gt;- a scale shift&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Saltykov-Shchedrin wrote many &quot;fairy-tales&quot; about animals, fishes, about a horse suffering from the work in the field, but they, actually, represented different strata of the then society &lt;em&gt;- a species shift&lt;/em&gt;, or call it &lt;em&gt;real-into-fantastic shift&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia gives more detail: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Saltykov-Shchedrin&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Saltykov-Shchedrin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2012-12-12T01:49:33.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1513" CreationDate="2012-12-12T07:21:15.690" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Мороз» means only low temperature. At my point «мороз» often been used to indicate dry cold. And usually it's objective definition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Стужа» means not only low temperature but also a cold wind and/or humid cold. Usually it's subjective definition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if «на улице мороз» — you can feel yourself comfort, but if «на улице стужа» — this means that you can't feel comfortably because of wind or humid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1167" LastActivityDate="2012-12-12T07:21:15.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1491" CreationDate="2012-12-12T09:06:55.880" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that abc-гипотеза is more convenient because the cases (падежи) influence the very end of collocation. That makes it easier to understand the relations inside the sentence because we jump to the next word right after the case marker (the ending)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1267" LastActivityDate="2012-12-12T09:06:55.880" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1525" CreationDate="2012-12-12T09:20:31.880" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a few cases which should be described separately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Нет&quot; as the single word in a phrase, or parenthetic, is mainly the same as English &quot;no&quot;, &quot;nope&quot;. Example: &quot;Хотите чаю?&quot; - &quot;Нет, не хочу&quot;. &quot;Do you want some tea?&quot; - &quot;No, I don't.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, if the question is formed with a negative clause, the correct translation should be according to the sense, not the parenthetic word. &quot;Don't you want some tea?&quot; in English should be answered as &quot;Yes&quot; if he wants tea and &quot;No&quot; if he doesn't. In Russian you can answer &quot;Нет, хочу&quot; (literally &quot;No, I do&quot;) or &quot;Да, не хочу&quot; (&quot;Yes, I don't&quot;), which would confuse native English speakers. It's also a common mistake for most Slavic men when talking in English to form such phrases instead of the allowed &quot;Yes, I do&quot; / &quot;No, I don't&quot;. Without digging to the sense of the phrase, one could imagine that &quot;нет&quot; means &quot;yes&quot;:)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Variants for the same case are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;word&quot; &quot;unh-unh&quot; (two clearly separated m-like sounds without opening a mouth) is usually written as &quot;не-а&quot;. Sometimes &quot;не-а&quot; is said explicitly, as /nʲeɁa/ (with distinct glottal stop).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Не&quot; (mentioned in some other answers) as a parenthetic is explicitly colloquial and originally regional (Southern), and seems to be isogloss with Ukrainian &quot;ні&quot; for the same. You unlikely will meet it in written texts, mainly in combinations like &quot;Та не, эт' невозможно&quot; (southern &quot;та&quot; instead of central and northern &quot;да&quot;, &quot;эт'&quot; as reduced &quot;это&quot;). Also, this &quot;не&quot; often has a long vowel, and is written as &quot;нее&quot;; it is more often in modern texts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Нет&quot; as &quot;don't exist&quot;, or &quot;haven't&quot;, &quot;there isn't&quot;. Example: &quot;У меня нет карандашей&quot;. &quot;I don't have pencils&quot;. (Literally: &quot;At me, there aren't pencils.&quot;) Colloquial language often uses &quot;нету&quot; for the same but it isn't allowed in written literature language. Both originate in earlier &quot;не есть тут&quot; (&quot;not present here&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Не&quot; with verbs is usually &quot;not&quot;, placed according to the target grammar: &quot;Он не поехал в путешествие&quot; - &quot;He haven't gone to the journey&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It should also be noted that Russian uses double negation instead of literature English single negation: &quot;Я не нашёл его нигде&quot; - &quot;I haven't found it anywhere&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Не&quot; with adjectives and adverbs can be directly translated as &quot;not&quot; but this is often less adequate than negation prefix. E.g. &quot;не приятный&quot; is &quot;not pleasant&quot; (&quot;Он мне не показался приятным человеком&quot; - &quot;He wasn't look pleasant for me&quot;; &quot;Это не самый приятный вариант&quot; - &quot;It's not the most pleasant case&quot;), but &quot;неприятный&quot; is &quot;unpleasant&quot;, &quot;nasty&quot;; in the latter, &quot;не&quot; means not negation, but inversion of the sign. There are rules where to put this &quot;не&quot; separated with the following adjective or adverb, or tied with it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Не&quot; as prefix for some pronouns is not negation but its opposite - like &quot;a few (present)&quot;; it is omonymic morpheme originated in earlier &quot;нѣ&quot;. &quot;Несколько&quot; - &quot;a few&quot;; &quot;некто&quot; - &quot;somebody (known to the speaker)&quot;. It can be easily mixed with negation: &quot;негде&quot; - &quot;there is no place (for)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="827" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T05:34:52.263" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T05:34:52.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1407" CreationDate="2012-12-12T20:30:58.627" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;пиздато literally means something like 'cuntish', and is an expression of positive experience obtained by a heterosexual male's genitalia; you might hardly, if ever, hear heterosexual women saying 'пиздато'; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;хуево literally meas something like 'dicky', or 'prickish', and therefore is an expression of negative feeling of a heterosexual person equipped with male genitalia towards same sex genitalia; it might also have a slight overtone of self-denial;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;охуенно is different; it is all about the o-prefix (cf. овладеть/овладевать, ополоуметь, одолеть/одолевать, ошеломить/ошеломлять, огрести/огребать, описать/описывать, остепениться, обрести/обретать, etc.), where the prefix has a meaning of 'taking smb/smth over completely, losing the sense of self-identity', and охуенно stands therefore for smth like 'having almost a sexual pleasure', 'feeling like turning oneself into a one big hard-on'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T11:46:11.013" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T11:46:11.013" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1544" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-12-13T14:21:47.857" Score="5" ViewCount="330" Body="&lt;p&gt;When one should use the first or the second? Is &lt;em&gt;вождь&lt;/em&gt; a direct equivalent to English &lt;em&gt;headman&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2012-12-13T21:38:14.747" Title="What is difference between вождь and лидер?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1530" CreationDate="2012-12-13T14:23:47.110" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ZF axiom schema of (restricted) comprehension is called &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Схема выделения&lt;/a&gt;. Set comprehension itself is sometimes called выделение (из множества), though this is rare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="248" LastActivityDate="2012-12-13T14:23:47.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1546" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1544" CreationDate="2012-12-13T15:13:38.733" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вождь&lt;/em&gt; — это обычно &lt;em&gt;вождь племени&lt;/em&gt;. Также Ленина называли &lt;em&gt;вождь мирового пролетариата&lt;/em&gt;, Сталина — &lt;em&gt;вождь народов&lt;/em&gt;, вообще руководителей коммунистического движения часто называют &lt;em&gt;вождями&lt;/em&gt; (в т.ч. имея в виду Китай, С.Корею).&#xA;Слово &lt;em&gt;лидер&lt;/em&gt; вошло в обиход сравнительно недавно, употребляется, например, в таких случаях: &lt;em&gt;лидер политической партии&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;лидеры стран Большой Восьмёрки&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;лидер атак&lt;/em&gt; (в спортивных репортажах), &lt;em&gt;лидер чемпионата&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Лидер&lt;/em&gt; наиболее часто применяется для обозначения человека, способного увлечь своими идеями большие массы людей и возглавить их, в таком случае говорят, что &quot;человек обладает лидерскими качествами&quot;. Про успешную организацию можно сказать, что она &quot;занимает лидерские позиции&quot;.&#xA;Что касается эквивалента 'headman', то тут скорее будет уместно слово &lt;em&gt;глава&lt;/em&gt;, например, &lt;em&gt;глава государства, глава правительства, глава администрации, глава организации&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastActivityDate="2012-12-13T15:13:38.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1544" CreationDate="2012-12-13T16:43:07.420" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Originally, the word &lt;em&gt;вождь&lt;/em&gt; meant &quot;a leader of a tribe&quot;, &quot;a chieftain.&quot; After the October revolution, however, the word became popular as a political term. Lenin and Trotsky were sometimes referred to as &lt;em&gt;вожди революции&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;leaders of the revolution&quot;), Stalin was later called &lt;em&gt;вождь народов&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;the leader of the peoples&quot;), and so on. Nowadays, &lt;em&gt;вождь&lt;/em&gt; is pretty much reserved to the Communist leaders (of North Korea, for example). It can also be used in an ironical way to call the President, or other leaders, hinting on the their authoritarian style. This has to do both with the Communist tradition to call leaders &lt;em&gt;вожди&lt;/em&gt; and with the fact that &lt;em&gt;вождизм&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;the cult of the leader.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лидер&lt;/em&gt;, on the other hand, is a completely neutral word. It can be applied to leaders of countries, political parties, a race or a championship, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both words are best translated as &quot;leader&quot;, except for situations when &lt;em&gt;вождь&lt;/em&gt; actually means &quot;a leader of a tribe&quot; (in which case &quot;chief&quot; would be more appropriate.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="626" LastEditorUserId="626" LastEditDate="2012-12-13T21:38:14.747" LastActivityDate="2012-12-13T21:38:14.747" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1544" CreationDate="2012-12-13T19:44:52.513" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Вождь' usually means 'Tribal chief'. It can be used to mark headmen in some closely tied group or movement, and they probably will understand you, but this is not right. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Лидер' has two meanings. The first one is simply 'the (currently) first one' in some competition. The second meaning is 'informal authority figure'. 'Лидер' is one who decides, but his authority is informal, based on charisma, tradition, or unchallenged claim. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastActivityDate="2012-12-13T19:44:52.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1551" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="948" CreationDate="2012-12-13T21:25:25.810" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You actually asking for English idiom, similar for this one. I'd suggest &quot;It's just rocket science for me&quot; or it's &quot;Chinese&quot;\&quot;Hebrew&quot; to me. Use it, Russians love to use lot of idioms in their speech...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1270" LastActivityDate="2012-12-13T21:25:25.810" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1552" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1554" CreationDate="2012-12-14T02:22:45.470" Score="43" ViewCount="16619" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Cyrillic letter 'т', when italicized, looks like a Latin 'm'. This is illustrated in the image below. The first row is the Cyrillic letter 'т', the second is the Cyrillic letter 'м', and the third is the Latin letter 'm':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7G21B.png&quot; alt=&quot;Cyrillic Т, Cyrillic М, Latin M&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As with most Cyrillic letters, the Cyrillic lowercase 'м' looks like a small capital 'М' in both normal and italic type. The ones that do not look the same at least resemble the uppercase form, as with 'и' and '&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, for some reason an italic 'т' ('&lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt;') looks like a Latin '&lt;em&gt;m&lt;/em&gt;', so that the letter forms seem unrelated. It also seems that it tends be written this way in handwriting. Why is this the case? Is this for historical reasons? A lot of documents say that this is how it is, but I have not found any that explain why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1177" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-06-06T21:27:26.940" LastActivityDate="2020-10-02T15:17:07.227" Title="Why does italic 'т' look like 'm'" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;&lt;typography&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1552" CreationDate="2012-12-14T03:54:28.623" Score="58" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is for historical reasons, and the form of the Russian italic ‘&lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt;’ is, actually, related to both ‘т’ and Latin ‘m’. Before the invention of printing the typical handwriting style used for writing books in Russia was &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20120729124940/http://www.callig.ru/history/rus-halfustav&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;полуустав&lt;/a&gt;, in which the shape of ‘T’ was like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aTP0O.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Halfustav cyrillic T letter&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, it had long serifs going down from the horizontal bar, and they very often reached the line on which the letters stand, making ‘т’ look like ‘ш’ turned upside down. When book printing began in Russia, the first movable types copied this полуустав. In 1708 Peter the Great commanded a reform of the Russian Cyrillic alphabet, eliminating several letters and changing the shapes of the printed letters so that they look more like the Dutch Antiqua of that time, he chose the shapes himself (Peter spent some time in the Netherlands and liked everything Dutch). This reformed alphabet is called “гражданский шрифт” (civil script/font). Now the Russian alphabet looked like this (the 4 lines at the top are upper-case letters, the rest is lower case.):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Rb8l0.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seemed quite natural for Peter that ‘&lt;em&gt;m&lt;/em&gt;’ is the closest Antiqua shape to an upside-down ‘ш’. There's a detailed &lt;a href=&quot;http://fontproblem.narod.ru/index.html?http://fontproblem.narod.ru/crosref/aticles/Peter_reforma.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; in Russian about the reform. This shape of the letters was used during all the 18th century and the first third of the 19th, only the shape of ‘з’ was used rather early instead of Peter’s “s”, also ‘и’ and ‘й’ were reintroduced. Later, the modern shape of a lower-case ‘т’ was used, but in italics and handwriting we still use the shape that was introduced by Peter the Great and continues the tradition of handwritten books.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="7547" LastEditDate="2018-03-04T18:50:25.670" LastActivityDate="2018-03-04T18:50:25.670" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1475" CreationDate="2012-12-14T07:40:30.267" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is really a very interesing question. And there were many interesting answers :-) but, I guess, I've got one more, a little bit different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Давай is a word, that combines two meanings. One one hand, it connotates with бывай (будь здоров). On the other, it means давай иди уже,  the time for conversation is over. At the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as a result, we have something about &quot;Be OK, I'm glad to meet you, but it's time to stop that&quot; in one word. I have NOT any scientific proofs, it's just my feeling of language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Yes, yes, native russian with catastrophic lack of practice in English, sorry for bad one).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1272" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T07:40:30.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1552" CreationDate="2012-12-14T08:51:48.027" Score="24" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, if you look at how we are taught to write in the early days of school, you'll notice that the italicized capital &quot;Т&quot; does resemble its lowercase variant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qJGGD.gif&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;The letter in question is in the fifth row, third from the left&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="560" LastEditorUserId="11302" LastEditDate="2018-12-13T15:05:38.893" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T15:05:38.893" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1475" CreationDate="2012-12-14T12:29:07.753" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suppose that it's just a shortening for «давай прощаться» или «давай закругляться».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1167" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T12:29:07.753" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1501" CreationDate="2012-12-14T19:44:40.837" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Use of тысячных, миллионных etc., belongs only to the 5th year of the middle school. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say: три, четырнадцать, сто пятьдесят девять. Pronouncing &quot;запятая&quot; is excessive and won't be used really. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct about grouping. Also I would add, that the choose of how many digits are in the groups, decides the speaker, according to his own reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1212" LastEditorUserId="1212" LastEditDate="2012-12-14T19:49:57.453" LastActivityDate="2012-12-14T19:49:57.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1559" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-12-15T00:44:21.910" Score="6" ViewCount="397" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a follow-up question to my earlier question about decimal declensions in colloquial speech. I understand that in everyday speech, native speakers bend the rules a little, and may not fully decline &lt;em&gt;long&lt;/em&gt; decimal expressions (&quot;pi equals 3.14159...&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what about &lt;em&gt;short&lt;/em&gt; decimals? For example, in everyday speech — or even in a radio or TV broadcast — how would one say &quot;ot 1,4% do 5,7%&quot;? Could you say the following?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;ot odnoj [pause] chetyrekh procenta do pjati [pause] semi procenta&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1241" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-02-02T10:16:09.910" LastActivityDate="2013-02-02T10:16:09.910" Title="Decimal Declension II" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1559" CreationDate="2012-12-15T02:02:40.373" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For short ones like that, having 1-3 digits after the coma (Russian uses a comma, not a dot in decimal fractions) we usually use the full form: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;от 1,4% дo 5,7%&lt;/code&gt; is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;от одной целой [и] четырёх десятых процента до пяти целых [и] семи десятых процента&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, rather colloquially, one can say that in such a way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;от одного и четырёх процентов до пяти и семи процентов&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there are 2 digits after the comma, we say it like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;от 1,45% дo 5,72%&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;от одной целой [и] сорока пяти сотых процента до пяти целых [и] семидесяти двух сотых процента&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;от одного [и] сорока пяти процента до пяти [и] семидесяти двух процентов&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point is, we can omit the word 'целая' (the feminine is used, because it is short for 'целая &lt;em&gt;часть&lt;/em&gt;'), then the numeral becomes masculine agreeing with &quot;процент&quot;, and we can omit the name of the place of the last digit (разряд), which are десятая for 1 digit after the comma, сотая for 2 digits after the comma, тысячная for 3 digits after the comma, and so on, they are also feminine, because it is short for 'десятая (сотая, etc.) &lt;em&gt;часть&lt;/em&gt;':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1,1 одна целая [и] одна десятая&#xA;1,11 одна целая [и] одинадцать сотых&#xA;1,111 одна целая [и] сто одинадцать тысячных&#xA;1,1111 одна целая [и] тысяча сто одинадцать десятитысячных&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if there are several digits after the comma we never say them as separate digits, like in English, we tend to say them as a full number:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;3,141 три целых [и] сто сорок одна тысячная / три [и] сто сорок одна&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I really don't know what link or proof I can give, but I'm a linguist, a native speaker of Russian, and I studied at a mathematical school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2012-12-15T02:31:22.990" LastActivityDate="2012-12-15T02:31:22.990" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1559" CreationDate="2012-12-15T05:44:55.393" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In everyday speech we are omit 'percent' first word in range 1,4%-5,7%, like an other measure unit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1,4% - 5,7% = 1,4-5,7%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2kg - 3kg = 2-3kg&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;50cm - 70cm = 50-70cm&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Comma (decimal point) replaced by ...[pause] or 'и'. Also you may or may not to decline for cases integer and/or fractional part.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;от 1,4% до 5,7%&quot; I'd pronounce like:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;от одного и четырёх до пяти и семи процента&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(от одного [процента] и четырёх [десятых] до пяти [целых] и семи [десятых] процента)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;от одной и четыре до пяти и семи процента&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(от одной [целой] и четыре [десятых] до пяти [целых] и семи [десятых] процента) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;от одного и четыре до пяти и семь процента&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(от одного [процента] и четыре [десятых] до пяти [целых] и семь [десятых] процента)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;от один и четыре до пять и семь процента&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(separate digits only, like in English)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;1,4-5,7%&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;один-и-четыре тире пять-и-семь процента&quot; (separate digits with dash)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;1,2%&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;один и два процента (separate digits only)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;одна и две процента (omit words: одна [целая] и две [десятых] процента)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;один и две процента (mixed case: один [процент] и две [десятых] процента) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All this phases acceptable to colloquial speech, but not all to Radio and TV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2012-12-17T15:26:29.823" LastActivityDate="2012-12-17T15:26:29.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1562" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1563" CreationDate="2012-12-15T20:18:00.727" Score="11" ViewCount="687" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a person goes up (e.g., on a staircase), then человек поднимается. If an elevator is going up, then лифт поднимается. That's the same verb for the person and for the elevator. However, if a person is coming down then человек спускается while if an elevator comes down then лифт опускается. I'm surprised that one direction has the same verb while the other direction uses different verbs. If the language can handle the idea that going up is the same thing for people and for elevators, why doesn't it do that for going down? Is there a commonly used verb for going down that can be applied to both people and elevators? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2012-12-16T15:11:12.073" Title="спускаться/опускаться, но подниматься" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1562" CreationDate="2012-12-15T21:34:41.063" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not true that the verb &quot;опуститься&quot; is used only for objects and &quot;спуститься&quot; is used for people. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a tendency to use the verb &quot;спуститься&quot; to denote a deliberate action and the verb &quot;опуститься&quot; for an uncontrolled movement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Птицы спустились с неба. - The birds flew down to the ground.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Воздушный шар плавно опускался на землю. - The balloon was slowly going down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in my opinion, there is also another difference, which may be even more important to consider, when you choose, which verb to say. &quot;Спуститься&quot; denotes movement down relative to an object (a tree, a mountain), while &quot;опуститься&quot; refers to downward movement in general. In particular, the verb &quot;спуститься&quot; is more likely to be used with preposition &quot;с&quot; - &quot;from&quot; and &quot;в\на&quot; - &quot;to&quot;, than the verb &quot;опуститься&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вася, спустись с дерева! - Vasya, get down the tree!&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Я спустился в подвал (по лестнице). - I went (downstairs) to the basement.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Сорочка лёгкая спустилась c её прелестного плеча. - The light chemise fell from her lovely shoulder.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Паром спустился по течению реки. - The ferry came down the river.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Этот лифт спустился с пятого этажа. - This elevator came down from the 5th floor.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Лифт наконец-то опустился, и мы вошли в него. - The elevator has finally arrived (from above), and we entered it. (actually, you could also use &quot;спуститься&quot;, if you cared enough about the fact that it has been above before)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Занавес опустился, и зазвучали аплодисменты. - The curtain fell down, and there was applause. (we don't care where the curtain fell from)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  На гору опустилось облако. - A cloud covered a mountain. (literally: fell down onto the mountain)&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to answer your question: you can use both verbs for people and for elevators, it does not depend that much on who or what came down, it rather depends whether you care from where it came down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-12-15T21:51:14.487" LastActivityDate="2012-12-15T21:51:14.487" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1562" CreationDate="2012-12-15T21:40:54.317" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it's ok to use &lt;em&gt;спускается&lt;/em&gt; for an elevator. &lt;em&gt;Спускаться&lt;/em&gt; bears meaning of &quot;to go down by own will&quot; and when used with inanimate objects indirectly animates them (which is perfectly fine).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Опускаться&lt;/em&gt; is more difficult; the difference between &lt;em&gt;спускать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;опускать&lt;/em&gt; is like &quot;to bring down&quot; and &quot;to bring down gently/steadily&quot;. This extra detail plays a dirty trick on reflexive suffix &quot;-ся&quot; and gives an extra meaning of &quot;being brought down (by someone or something)&quot;. More than that, &lt;em&gt;опускать&lt;/em&gt; has a second meaning &quot;to omit&quot; (&lt;em&gt;опускаться&lt;/em&gt; — &quot;to be omitted&quot;), and a third — &quot;to bring down&quot; in a moral point of view (&lt;em&gt;опускаться&lt;/em&gt; — &quot;to fall&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an alternative you may use &quot;идти вниз&quot; (literally &quot;go down&quot;) — &quot;лифт идёт вниз&quot;, &quot;человек идёт вниз&quot; are both normal phrases. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1274" LastActivityDate="2012-12-15T21:40:54.317" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1562" CreationDate="2012-12-16T03:51:21.950" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Language is not math.  And even strictly scientifically: going up and going down are two very different things - it is not like going left and going right. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I agree with Olga's answer. I could have really put my answer as a comment to hers, just putting it as a separate answer because of the size. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We are talking here only about &quot;спускаться&quot; and &quot;опускаться&quot; in the meaning of going down. They have other meanings as Lyth points out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Опускаться&quot; accents the moment of final smooth breaking before to stop on the ground. It is especially noticeable in the form &quot;Он опустился на землю&quot; - here most of the people imagine the moment of landing and smooth breaking before it (притормаживание). It may mean the whole process but just accents the ending part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Cпускаться&quot; - accents the process of moving legs, hands and whatever else during the descending. &quot;Он спустился на землю&quot; - here people will imagine the end of possibly long process of steps of descending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because there is no natural moment of soft breaking when a person or object goes up there is no special word &quot;оподняться&quot; for moving up. Even when there is some ceiling, usually objects just hit it when go up - there is no smooth breaking before it. OK, the smooth breaking may happen but the language did not need a special word for it because of rareness and insignificance of this phenomenon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just for illustration of non-equivalence of up and down movements, let's look at moving through the water for objects. In Russian there are two more or less equivalent (except for the direction) verbs &quot;тонуть&quot; and &quot;всплывать&quot;. In English there is &quot;to sink&quot; for &quot;тонуть&quot; but for &quot;всплывать&quot; there is no direct equivalent (or I could not find it :). There is &quot;to surface&quot; but it accents the moment of emerging on the surface - not the whole movement, and there is &quot;to float&quot; which mostly means (according to Webster) &quot;to rest on the surface, or be suspended in liquid&quot;, or even moving in any direction: &quot;yellow leaves floated down&quot; (= плыть in Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-12-16T15:11:12.073" LastActivityDate="2012-12-16T15:11:12.073" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1566" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1576" CreationDate="2012-12-16T14:11:05.957" Score="2" ViewCount="368" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference in meaning between &quot;Люблю идти по дороге&quot; and &quot;Люблю проходить по дороге&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2012-12-18T19:08:00.607" Title="What's the difference between &quot;Люблю идти по дороге&quot; and &quot;Люблю проходить по дороге&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1566" CreationDate="2012-12-16T16:03:18.190" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you just wonder about the difference between verbs &quot;идти&quot; and &quot;проходить&quot;, it is the following: &quot;идти&quot; means walking, and it often concerns some particular situation, not activity in general; &quot;проходить&quot; means the activity of passing through a place, or a landmark, either some particular situation or activity in general. If you want to refer to the activity of walking in general, you need to use the verb &quot;ходить&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты можешь идти? is appropriate if your friend has just fell down hurt his leg, and you are asking if he can walk&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Ты можешь ходить? is good when your friend has had an operation after an accident, and you ask whether he will be able to walk again&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Ты можешь здесь пройти? is when you are asking if someone can walk through a specific area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the phrases, they both sound strange to me. A Russian would probably say &quot;Я предпочитаю идти по этой дороге&quot;, or &quot;По этой дороге я люблю идти&quot;, or &quot;я люблю ходить по дорогам&quot;, &quot;я люблю проходить по этой дороге&quot;. Or use some accentuation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;люблю идти по дороге&quot; sounds a little weird if you don't put any stress or if you stress &quot;люблю&quot;. In this case, it means that you specifically enjoy the activity of walking on some specific road in a certain area, probably on a road that is in front of you right now. You like the walking itself, the feeling of your legs and feet moving. If you stress &quot;по дороге&quot;, it means that you like going on the road (and, for instance, not across the field). If you stress &quot;идти&quot;, it means that you like walking (and, for example, not driving) down a road. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;люблю проходить по дороге&quot; is even more weird, because the verb suggests that you especially enjoy to walk down a road, because of a scenery, for example. But you don't specify which road it is that you like. If you say &quot;люблю проходить по этой дороге&quot;, it would make infinitely more sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-12-16T16:08:38.310" LastActivityDate="2012-12-16T16:08:38.310" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1568" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-12-17T08:48:21.853" Score="2" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно употреблять (и как обычно употребляется) слово &quot;источник&quot; во фразах вроде &lt;em&gt;пишет Bloomberg со ссылкой на 2 источник..., знаком... с ситуацией&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С одной стороны, в этом случае разговор идет о людях, имеющих доступ к какой-то информации, поэтому логично предположить, что слово &quot;источник&quot; здесь одушевленное и что правильно использовать окончание род. падежа: &lt;em&gt;со ссылкой на двух источников&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С другой стороны, такое употребление режет слух (возможно, только мне), и по словарям я себя проверить не могу, т.к. на Академике и на Грамоте не указана одушевленность слов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Меня интересует 3 вопроса:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как правильно говорить, и регулируется ли это употребление где-либо?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как обычно говорят?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Есть ли еще какие-нибудь случаи, когда слово &quot;источник&quot; употребляется как одушевленное (окончание родительного падежа в контексте винительного)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="1113" LastEditDate="2012-12-25T01:18:47.990" LastActivityDate="2012-12-25T11:28:22.690" Title="Одушевленный &quot;источник&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;animateness&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1568" CreationDate="2012-12-17T10:13:49.293" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Со ссылкой на два источника.&#xA;Неодушевлённое слово и есть неодушевлённое. Так звучит правильно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;В то же время имена существительные неодушевленные при употреблении их в переносном значении категорию неодушевленности не сохраняют и при склонении изменяются как существительные одушевленные.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например: Призовите к порядку этого типа; Уговори поехать с нами за город этого старого колпака; В иного пня и десять лет не вдолбить того, что другой ловит на полете (Фонвизин)&quot;. (Валгина, Розенталь, Фомина, глава 114.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В данном случае, всё-таки, переносный смысл сомнителен, поскольку речь идёт об &quot;источнике информации&quot;, пусть и одушевлённом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="952" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-12-25T11:28:22.690" LastActivityDate="2012-12-25T11:28:22.690" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1570" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1575" CreationDate="2012-12-17T14:17:57.303" Score="6" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like to know when I should use the &lt;code&gt;—&lt;/code&gt; sign in sentences like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это как собирать базу данных ? не все элементы определены, а уж связи между ними ? тем более.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The symbol &lt;strong&gt;?&lt;/strong&gt; marks parts I'm not entirely sure about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-02-02T10:21:44.673" LastActivityDate="2013-02-06T07:57:59.413" Title="When should I use the — sign?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1570" CreationDate="2012-12-17T14:23:03.230" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это как собирать базу данных: не все элементы определены, а уж связи между ними — тем более.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastActivityDate="2012-12-17T14:23:03.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1572" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1574" CreationDate="2012-12-17T14:29:13.153" Score="8" ViewCount="189198" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нужна ли запятая после «также» в этих случаях:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Также ? в сегодняшнем выпуске мы обсудим следующие темы: &amp;lt;...&amp;gt;&#xA;&#xA;Мы обсудим все ? что касается политики, а также ? следующие темы: &amp;lt;...&amp;gt;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastActivityDate="2019-10-20T20:15:22.607" Title="Запятая после «также»" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1572" CreationDate="2012-12-17T14:43:30.527" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Также в сегодняшнем выпуске мы обсудим следующие темы: &amp;lt;...&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы обсудим всё, что касается политики, а также следующие темы: &amp;lt;...&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastActivityDate="2012-12-17T14:43:30.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1572" CreationDate="2012-12-17T15:19:48.550" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Запятую необходимо ставить после вводных слов (в большинстве случаев).  Слово &lt;em&gt;также&lt;/em&gt; вводным не является.  &lt;em&gt;Также&lt;/em&gt; - это союз, синоним союзу &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;.  Поэтому запятая не нужна ни в первом, ни во втором случае.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Также в сегодняшнем выпуске мы обсудим следующие темы: &amp;lt;...&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы обсудим всё, что касается политики, а также следующие темы: &amp;lt;...&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Стоит также отметить, что Грамота.ру &lt;a href=&quot;http://hghltd.yandex.net/yandbtm?text=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D1%81%20%22%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B6%D0%B5%22&amp;amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gramota.ru%2Fspravka%2Fburo%2F%3Fpage%3D2466&amp;amp;fmode=inject&amp;amp;mime=html&amp;amp;l10n=ru&amp;amp;sign=af04fe8377f5c6261bb1247e04b2d97f&amp;amp;keyno=0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;не советует&lt;/a&gt; начинать предложения со слова &lt;em&gt;также&lt;/em&gt;, хотя исключения бывают в зависимости от контекста. На мой взгляд, первое из этих предложение подпадает под это исключение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-09-18T14:02:39.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1575" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1570" CreationDate="2012-12-17T15:28:43.210" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The correct syntax is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это как собирать базу данных: не все элементы определены, а уж связи между ними — тем более.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Двоеточие (&lt;code&gt;:&lt;/code&gt;) is used in the first place, because you have a causation clause, you can put &lt;em&gt;because&lt;/em&gt; there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second place you use Тире (&lt;code&gt;—&lt;/code&gt;), because there are implied skipped words &lt;em&gt;не определны&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это как собирать базу данных, &lt;em&gt;[потому что&lt;/em&gt;] не все элементы определены, а уж связи между ними [&lt;em&gt;не определены&lt;/em&gt;] и подавно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-12-17T17:38:18.983" LastActivityDate="2012-12-17T17:38:18.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1566" CreationDate="2012-12-17T20:06:59.473" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's look at the phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Люблю идти по этой дороге по вечерам, ни о чём не думая.&#xA;Люблю проходить по этой дороге по вечерам, ни о чём не думая.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &lt;code&gt;идти&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;проходить&lt;/code&gt; are in the same context.&#xA;I must admit that both phrases are possible and correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first phrase is general use and does not need further explanation. (Yuri mentioned that it would sound even better with гулять or ходить, but we are talking about the difference of идти and проходить).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second phrase can be perfect in some additional context. For example: &lt;code&gt;По вечерам на моем длинном пути с работы домой я люблю проходить по этой дороге, ни о чём не думая.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Проходить is usually used when somebody/something goes through a layer, or gate, or some special place during a bigger-scale movement. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Проходить через игольное ушко. &#xA;Проходить по коридору. Проходить коридор.&#xA;Проходить по мосту. Проходить мост.&#xA;Проходить через тоннель.&#xA;Проходить мимо большой березы. Проходить большую березу.&#xA;Проходить этот уровень компьютерной игры.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interesting fact is that the imperfect form (несовершенный вид) &lt;code&gt;проходить&lt;/code&gt; corresponds to the perfect form (совершеный вид) &lt;code&gt;пройти&lt;/code&gt; i.e. &quot;про-идти&quot;. Maybe this was the original prompter for brilliant to ask the question. We can discuss what will be the difference between &lt;code&gt;пройти по этой дороге&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;проходить по этой дороге&lt;/code&gt;. I think it is the implied repetitiveness of the action but it is not what the original question was asking about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in conclusion, to my mind, проходить по дороге implies that the mentioned road (дорога) is a part of a bigger way before and/or after this road.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-12-18T17:19:43.690" LastActivityDate="2012-12-18T17:19:43.690" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1566" CreationDate="2012-12-18T19:08:00.607" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильно: люблю ходить по дороге: люблю ходить по этой дороге на работу, т.к. она более зеленая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1281" LastActivityDate="2012-12-18T19:08:00.607" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1580" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1581" CreationDate="2012-12-18T23:38:04.443" Score="4" ViewCount="219" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need a comma in &quot;Тут есть, над чем подумать&quot;? And can anyone parse this sentence for me, please? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2012-12-19T01:50:16.357" Title="Do I need a comma in &quot;Тут есть, над чем подумать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1581" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1580" CreationDate="2012-12-19T01:50:16.357" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The comma is not needed. &lt;em&gt;Над чем подумать&lt;/em&gt; is the subject of the sentence, it's a verbal phrase, an infinitive with an indirect object. The verb &lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt; agrees with it, it's singular, &quot;Тут&quot; is a predicative (I have some doubts about &quot;Тут&quot;, it can be an adverbial modifier of place). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2012-12-19T01:50:16.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1582" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-12-19T16:53:16.723" Score="4" ViewCount="358" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen it in the news &lt;a href=&quot;http://lenta.ru/articles/2012/12/12/monkey/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;web-site&lt;/a&gt;. It was used interchangeably with word макак-резус. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is also interesting, in the same article they first decline both words like &quot;самец макака-резуса&quot; and then completely separate the word макак and use it as a first class citizen word. So, the second related question is weather it is a correct way to decline this compound word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-12-20T23:09:41.327" LastActivityDate="2020-12-25T20:02:35.423" Title="Is there the word макак (masculine) in Russian" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;&lt;composite-nouns&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1582" CreationDate="2012-12-19T17:31:07.547" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neither the dictionary of Ushakov nor Ozhegov has the word &lt;code&gt;макак&lt;/code&gt;, but &quot;Новый англо-русский биологический словарь&quot; © «РУССО», 2003 has it and lists several species using this word. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?lop=x&amp;amp;bts=x&amp;amp;zar=x&amp;amp;ag=x&amp;amp;ab=x&amp;amp;sin=x&amp;amp;lv=x&amp;amp;az=x&amp;amp;pe=x&amp;amp;word=%EC%E0%EA%E0%EA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt; doesn't list the word, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; does. The only explanation I can find is that &lt;code&gt;макак&lt;/code&gt; is used in scientific context, while &lt;code&gt;макака&lt;/code&gt; is used in neutral, everyday speech. Also, it's better to say макак-резус, not the other way round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2012-12-19T17:31:07.547" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1584" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1586" CreationDate="2012-12-20T01:51:07.917" Score="11" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we use name of a foreign company as a single word f.e. Samsung, Ford, Microsoft, IBM, Shell, and even StackOverflow, what gender form the following verb should take?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should it be &lt;code&gt;Samsung предложил&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Samsung предложила&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should the gender be guessed from the phonetic traditions of language, like (simplifying) if it ends with consonant, it will be masculine, or it should be taken from the word which is associated with the name, i.e. if it is &quot;компания Samsung&quot; then Samsung will be она? If the latter is right, why Аэрофлот is masculine - because it is not a foreign company?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2012-12-20T08:43:40.717" Title="Rules for attaching gender to foreign company names" Tags="&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1585" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1587" CreationDate="2012-12-20T07:15:10.150" Score="4" ViewCount="313" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not sure if I need a comma in &quot;Хорошо, что я прочитал всю статью&quot;? Can anyone shed some light here, please?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2012-12-31T14:12:18.387" Title="Do I need a comma in &quot;Хорошо, что я прочитал всю статью&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1584" CreationDate="2012-12-20T08:43:40.717" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know about the &lt;em&gt;rule&lt;/em&gt; from THE ultimate Russian language manual, but let's look at everyday users.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.forbes.ru/sobytiya-column/kompanii/230900-pochemu-renault-nissan-za-5-let-tak-i-ne-vozrodil-avtovaz&quot;&gt;this Forbes article&lt;/a&gt;. Its title is: &lt;code&gt;&quot;Почему Renault-Nissan за 5 лет так и не возродил АвтоВАЗ&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. Renault-Nissan is used here as in your &lt;strong&gt;first&lt;/strong&gt; guess, it ends with a consonant, and used as a masculine word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, the first sentence in the article is: &lt;code&gt;В 2008 году концерн Renault-Nissan купил 25% АвтоВАЗа, вчера было объявлено, что доля иностранцев вырастет до контрольной. Где же результат?&lt;/code&gt; The author might be specifically using masculine prefix words through the article: &lt;code&gt;альянс&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;концерн&lt;/code&gt;, to match the consonant in the end of Renault-Nissan...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...But might be not! Because further down we see this: &lt;code&gt;Что это изменит и почему Renault-Nissan, получившая блокпакет еще в начале 2008 года, до сих пор не спешила перестраивать работу гиганта социалистической индустрии на современный лад, пользуясь ноу-хау Гона?&lt;/code&gt;. Yes, yes, &lt;code&gt;Renault-Nissan, получившая&lt;/code&gt;! Here author implies that &lt;code&gt;Renault-Nissan&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;компания&lt;/code&gt;, as in your &lt;strong&gt;second&lt;/strong&gt; option, and guess what, any native speaker will perfectly get his message right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;But your second option will not work with Russian company names!&lt;/strong&gt; At least not with companies which use Russian words in their names! You can say &lt;code&gt;&quot;Аэрофлот&quot; заполучил&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;компания &quot;Аэрофлот&quot; заполучила&lt;/code&gt;, but you &lt;strong&gt;can't&lt;/strong&gt; say &lt;code&gt;&quot;Аэрофлот&quot; заполучила&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;&quot;Империя сумок&quot; устроила распродажу&lt;/code&gt; sounds right, but &lt;code&gt;&quot;Империя сумок&quot; устроил распродажу&lt;/code&gt; doesn't. But in some cases it will sound OK, usually with abbreviations: &lt;code&gt;ТАНЕКО поглотила&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Концерн ТАНЕКО поглотил&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ТАНЕКО поглотил&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, I'm really scratching the surface here, there could be many other little rules in many other cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1090" LastActivityDate="2012-12-20T08:43:40.717" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1585" CreationDate="2012-12-20T08:59:59.810" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Хорошо&lt;/em&gt; is an impersonal sentence and it is a part of a complex sentence. You definitely need a comma before &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastEditorUserId="959" LastEditDate="2012-12-20T13:35:22.250" LastActivityDate="2012-12-20T13:35:22.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23" CreationDate="2012-12-21T00:49:11.183" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I thought I needed to contribute by providing one nice Russian idiom for &quot;be very excited&quot;. It is a little rude/colloquial and it is usually used when talking about somebody else, not yourself. It can be used referring to yourself if you have a good sense of humor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;He is very excited about his new job. - Он просто писает кипятком от своей новой работы.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has a hint of a kind joke about somebody's excitement. English &quot;be excited&quot; is more neutral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2012-12-21T00:49:11.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1585" CreationDate="2012-12-22T12:06:37.853" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although there are some exceptions, in general you always need a comma before &quot;что&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1289" LastActivityDate="2012-12-22T12:06:37.853" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1590" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1601" CreationDate="2012-12-22T18:50:48.650" Score="10" ViewCount="269" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was explaining to a friend how to use nouns with numerals 2, 3 and 4 and figured out that I don't know which of the following two possibilities is correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1a. Я вижу две вороны. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  1b. Я вижу двух ворон.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In other words, should I use feminine nouns that denote animals as if they are animated (1b) or not (1a)?&lt;/strong&gt; For masculine nouns it seems to be clearer, I'd say that 2b is better than 2a:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2a. Отец зарезал три барана.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  2b. Отец зарезал трех баранов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2012-12-22T21:46:20.850" LastActivityDate="2012-12-24T18:09:11.033" Title="2, 3 and 4 with feminine nouns denoting animals" Tags="&lt;род&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;animateness&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1591" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1596" CreationDate="2012-12-22T19:09:35.763" Score="5" ViewCount="2395" Body="&lt;p&gt;Похоже, что &lt;em&gt;Рождество&lt;/em&gt; можно употреблять и с предлогом «в», и с предлогом «на», по крайней мере, есть примеры обоих употреблений:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Один раз, тоже на рождество, я засадила в ногу кривую занозищу и пряталась с ней по углам, и никого даже близко не подпускала.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Харпер Ли, &lt;em&gt;Убить пересмешника…&lt;/em&gt; в переводе Н. Галь и Р. Облонской.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Вы, наверное, слишком заняты в Рождество, — быстро произнесла Мерль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Патриция Корнуэлл, &lt;em&gt;Чёрная метка&lt;/em&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мой вопрос состоит в следующем: точно ли «в Рождество» и «на Рождество» обозначают одно и то же?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-02T16:42:11.640" LastActivityDate="2013-02-02T16:42:11.640" Title="«На Рождество» или «в Рождество»?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1591" CreationDate="2012-12-22T20:39:53.710" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не всегда. Напишу по примеру Нового Года, так как мне этот праздник созвучнее, но логика та же.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я хочу получить НА Новый Год новые духи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;В Новый Год&quot; не говорят.&#xA;И еще.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы поехали отдыхать на Мальдивы НА Новый Год.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В данном случае - на промежуток времени (на период праздников).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1290" LastActivityDate="2012-12-22T20:39:53.710" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1591" CreationDate="2012-12-22T20:51:59.677" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Обычно употребляется форма &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;, когда:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Речь идёт о конкретном намерении, связанном с личными планами и приуроченным к какому-то конкретному празднику: &quot;На Рождество съезжу, пожалуй, в Чехию&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Речь идёт о некоем контексте, в принципе ассоциируемом с этим праздником: &quot;На Рождество наряжают елку.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обычно употребляется форма &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt;, когда:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Речь идёт о событии, которое в происходит в настоящее время (или произойдёт в самое ближайшее время): &quot;В эту Пасху хочу пожелать нам всем...&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Речь идёт о каком-то конкретном празднике, происходящем в определённое время в определённом месте, а не о празднике вообще: &quot;Синоптики обещают, что в Сочельник будет относительно тепло&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В целом же стоит заметить, что равноправное сосуществование этих двух форм в больше мере специфично для религиозных (не обязательно христианских) праздников, и даже в терминологии употребляемой в полупрофессиональной теологической периодике ,например, в СМИ, ориентированных на освещение религиозной тематики,  эти формы часто взаимозаменямы - например, в словосочетание &lt;code&gt;богослужение в&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;богослужение на&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И ещё замечу, что я речь идёт о фактической практике частоты употребления первой или второй форм в современном русском. В принципе, практически во всех  (кроме, пожалуй, упомянутого уважаемым AliCruise случая) приведённых случаях, вполне допустимо применение &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;  вместо &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; и наоборот. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;==============&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Talking about holidays in general, first thing we should mention is that the &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; form is the only acceptable one in the overwhelming majority of cases: &lt;code&gt;На Первомай&lt;/code&gt;, but (practically) never &quot;в Первомай&quot;. So, there is a very limited number of religious holidays, and Christmas is among them, that can be used with &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; form, e. g. &lt;code&gt;Рождество&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Пасха&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Сочельник&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Рамадан&lt;/code&gt; and so on. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for this holidays, even in semiprofessional theological texts, such like one can find in articles from religion news portals, terms like &lt;code&gt;Богослужение на Рождество&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;богослужение в Рождество&lt;/code&gt; are used in relatively equal proportions. Yet, there is indeed a subtle difference between these two forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you are talking about event that is already happening, or supposed to happen very soon, you should use &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; form:&#xA;  - В [эту] Пасху я желаю тебе, друг , всего самого хорошего.&#xA;  - В [это] Рождество желаю нам всем счастья.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you are talking about something related to some holiday/festival that happens on a regular basis, you most probably should use &quot;На Рождество&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На Пасху &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;освящается артос&lt;/a&gt; — квасной хлеб особого освящения.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На Новый год мы стараемся уехать на дачу.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На Рождество приходится большая часть продаж.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Специального блюда, которое готовится на Рамадан, нет. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The mnemonic formula we can construct here is &quot;На [какой-то праздник] [обычно принято]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you are talking about some personal plans that your are  going to fulfil on some certain day, you, once again, should use &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;:&#xA;  - Махнём-ка мы на Рождество к деду!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At last, when you are talking about some event, which is specifically not for any holiday, but for this one, it is more acceptable to use &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt;-form:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newsru.ru/russia/24apr2011/nbh.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;В Пасху&lt;/a&gt; около московских кладбищ нельзя будет купить спиртное. (See, this article is about that in a certain place, in Moscow, at certain time, on Easter, alcohol would be banned.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Но в Страстную Пятницу все идет наперекосяк, кто-то упорно мешает этому — взрывает и убивает людей Гарольда. (This has happened only once under some certain circumstances with these very guy).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Домбровскис призывает в Рождество подумать о проделанной работе. (I guess, Mr. Dombrovkis suggest to do think about progress report only once, at this Christmas.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The mnemonic formula for this case can be stated as &lt;code&gt;в [день, когда празднуется этот праздник] [где-то] [случилось что-то]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And one more important thing, I'm talking only about tendencies in language, about the the way it is de-facto in modern Russian, but in all above mentioned cases you actually nevertheless can use both forms interchangeably:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В сочельник у православных варили кутью, у католиков - бигилию. (Though &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; form is more frequent in this case).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В Страстную пятницу не принято петь, гулять и веселиться.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я желаю тебе в это Рождество всего самого хорошего, здоровья тебе и твоей семье.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2012-12-22T22:16:15.800" LastActivityDate="2012-12-22T22:16:15.800" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1590" CreationDate="2012-12-22T20:52:14.093" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see no difference, whether an animal is used or human, because they are both animate (disregarding their physical condition), and so it seems that (b) is the correct way in both cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/29_438255&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;similar question&lt;/a&gt; on gramota.ru also suggests accusative as the only correct version:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как будет правильно: &lt;em&gt;Я видел две высокие девушки&lt;/em&gt; или &lt;em&gt;Я видел двух&#xA;  высоких девушек&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Правильно: &lt;em&gt;двух высоких девушек&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1274" LastEditorUserId="1274" LastEditDate="2012-12-24T07:06:17.493" LastActivityDate="2012-12-24T07:06:17.493" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1590" CreationDate="2012-12-22T20:57:27.657" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Wiki, only singular feminine nouns ending in 'a' have a distinct form in the  accusative case.(1b)&#xA;But I personally don't see much difference between these variants. I'd say (1a) because &quot;вижу двух ворон&quot; sounds like &quot;вижу двух девушек&quot;. I think &quot;ворона&quot; is more like an object you are describing looking at a picture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1290" LastActivityDate="2012-12-22T20:57:27.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1591" CreationDate="2012-12-23T03:10:34.167" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Предлог &lt;strong&gt;&quot;в&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; означает, что что-либо происходит &lt;strong&gt;строго между началом и концом&lt;/strong&gt; праздничного (или какого-либо особого) дня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В праздники я был дома.&#xA;В выходные мы ездили загород.&#xA;В День Победы ветераны надевают ордена и проходят по улицам.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Предлог &lt;strong&gt;&quot;на&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; перед названием праздника означает, что что-либо происходит &lt;strong&gt;приблизительно во время праздника&lt;/strong&gt; (чуть раньше, чуть позже или начинается немного раньше и кончается немного позже) &lt;strong&gt;и приурочено к нему&lt;/strong&gt;. Поэтому подарки мы получаем на Рождество (это может быть и раньше и позже Рождества, но связано с ним по смыслу).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;На Рождество мы уезжаем в отпуск. &#xA;На праздники мы собираемся поехать к друзьям.&#xA;Получать подарки на Пасху/Рождество/Восьмое марта очень приятно.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не согласен с уважаемым shabunc, что есть заметная разница между религиозными и светскими праздниками, и &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; используется только с религиозными. &lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt; перед праздниками, называющимися по дате, (восьмое марта, первое мая) не употребляется поскольку в русском языке не принято ставить предлог &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; перед датой, и даже когда дата - это название праздника, это все равно режет слух.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Похожая ситуация с Новым Годом. &lt;strong&gt;В Новый Год&lt;/strong&gt; обычно не говорят из-за того, что слово &lt;strong&gt;год&lt;/strong&gt; само по себе означает промежуток времени и вызвало бы двусмысленность.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2012-12-23T03:10:34.167" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1597" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1599" CreationDate="2012-12-24T14:52:43.633" Score="9" ViewCount="357" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can anyone, please, parse this sentence for me and tell me what part of speech is &quot;было&quot; here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хорошо, что хоть он пришёл, а то я &lt;strong&gt;было&lt;/strong&gt; подумал, что и его&#xA;  похитили.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2015-06-05T11:31:54.757" Title="What part of speech is &quot;было&quot; in this sentence?" Tags="&lt;синтаксис&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1597" CreationDate="2012-12-24T15:13:12.563" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this sentence &lt;code&gt;было&lt;/code&gt; is a particle, used in colloquial speech, &lt;code&gt;а то я было подумал, что ...&lt;/code&gt; can be translated as &quot;for I was at the point of thinking that ...&quot;, or &quot;for I nearly thought that ...&quot;, or &quot;for I was just about to think that ...&quot;. The whole sentence can be translated as &quot;It is good that at least he came, for I was just about to think that he had been kidnapped, too.&quot; You can read about &lt;code&gt;было&lt;/code&gt; as a particle &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/752814&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.narod.ru/1689-1705.html&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (§ 1694), or &lt;a href=&quot;http://rus.1september.ru/article.php?ID=200100509&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (everything is in Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2012-12-24T15:13:12.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1597" CreationDate="2012-12-24T16:34:28.930" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;particle&lt;/a&gt;, or, to be more precise, a verbal particle. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This very particle is mostly used with perfect verbs in past tense, since, as it already has been mentioned here, it is used to describe an action which someone had an intention to take, but this action didn't happen (for some reasons, for example, one had changed is mind) to the full.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is related participle &lt;code&gt;чуть было не&lt;/code&gt;, which is also can be used mostly with perfect verbs in past tense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Be warned, besides those two forms there exists yet another participle derived from &lt;code&gt;быть&lt;/code&gt; -  &lt;code&gt;бывало&lt;/code&gt;, and this one should not be confused with &lt;code&gt;было&lt;/code&gt; - it gives to a phrase a tone of periodicity, frequency: &quot;В молодости я, бывало, выпивал порядочно&quot; (I used to drink a lot).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-06-05T03:39:17.780" LastActivityDate="2015-06-05T03:39:17.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1590" CreationDate="2012-12-24T18:09:11.033" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal et al., &lt;em&gt;СППЛР&lt;/em&gt;, #153.3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В вариантах &lt;em&gt;купить двух коров – купить две коровы, подстрелить трех уток – подстрелить три утки&lt;/em&gt; (при названиях животных в форме женского рода, когда речь идет об общем счете, купле-продаже) вторая форма имеет разговорный характер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, animal names have varying animacy depending on the semantic context: as a dish or ingredient, they are regarded inanimate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ibid:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В различии форм &lt;em&gt;поймал трех рыбок – съел три рыбки&lt;/em&gt; сказывается то обстоятельство, что во втором случае имеется в виду кушанье, т.е. неодушевленность (ср.: &lt;em&gt;съесть кильки, сардины, шпроты&lt;/em&gt; – как нерасчлененный продукт; но: &lt;em&gt;съесть карасей, раков, цыплят&lt;/em&gt; – как единичные предметы). Возможные варианты: &lt;em&gt;есть креветок, устриц, пулярок – есть креветки, устрицы, пулярки&lt;/em&gt;. Такие же колебания наблюдаются у существительных &lt;em&gt;матрешка, кукла, марионетка&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2012-12-24T18:09:11.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1597" CreationDate="2012-12-24T19:16:40.967" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a remnant of Past Perfect (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluperfect&quot;&gt;Pluperfect&lt;/a&gt;), as suggested by &lt;a href=&quot;http://danefae.org/pprs/zhivov2/petruxin.pdf&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;; nowadays it's almost exclusively used to describe an &quot;annulled action&quot; which was cancelled by an action expressed in a Past Simple tense. And, since the original Pluperfect is lost, as of now &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;было&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is indeed merely a particle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="616" LastActivityDate="2012-12-24T19:16:40.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1603" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1604" CreationDate="2012-12-25T01:00:51.593" Score="15" ViewCount="1170" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is already a negation included in &lt;code&gt;ничего&lt;/code&gt;, in the statement &quot;Я ничего не понимaю&quot;. I cannot figure out why instead of using &quot;Я ничего понимaю&quot; one uses that expression that apparently contains a double negation (is the particle &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt; emphasizing that &lt;em&gt;one does not understand absolutely nothing&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is &quot;Я ничего понимaю&quot; understandable?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Does this construction &lt;code&gt;ничего/никого... не + глагол&lt;/code&gt; apply for any verb? (I've heard &quot;Я ничего не вижу&quot; итд.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Do there exist examples where this apparent double negation actually means something affirmative?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2012-12-26T19:04:26.757" LastActivityDate="2017-08-15T00:54:08.417" Title="Why &quot;ничего не понимaю&quot; ? Isn't &quot;я ничего понимaю&quot; enough?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1603" CreationDate="2012-12-25T01:46:13.347" Score="16" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No, in Russian, the phrase &quot;Я ничего понимаю&quot; is 100% incorrect, in all cases and under all circumstances. The phrases like &quot;ничего не&quot; are called, as you'vе already mentioned, double negation (&lt;code&gt;двойное отрицание&lt;/code&gt;), and this linguistic phenomena &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_negative#Slavic_languages&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;exists in other Slavic&lt;/a&gt; languages, as well as in many other languages, both IE and non-IE. For example, in Polish, which is mentioned in the Wikipedia article, the likewise single negation is also inappropriate. Moreover, in English, double negation &lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/search?q=double%20negation&quot;&gt;is also used&lt;/a&gt; in some niche cases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is, surprisingly, the most difficult part of the question. To my knowledge, you can use it with any verb which can be answer the question: &quot;Чего не [verb]?&quot;, &quot;Кого не [verb]?&quot; - not a big surprise, though)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sure, there are some examples. A classic example is, for instance, &lt;code&gt;не мог не&lt;/code&gt; + verb, which means that the action indicated by the verb actually took place: &quot;Я не мог не заметить&quot;, &quot;Она не могла не влюбиться в него&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:38:12.067" LastActivityDate="2013-04-06T13:15:43.127" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1605" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1606" CreationDate="2012-12-25T17:28:30.683" Score="4" ViewCount="1093" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can see from an internet search that виральный (edit: вирусный) has the meaning of &quot;viral&quot;, but what is the translation of the phrase &quot;&lt;em&gt;to go&lt;/em&gt; viral&quot;, e.g., &quot;that video has gone viral&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2012-12-25T18:16:15.410" LastActivityDate="2015-03-05T21:23:40.443" Title="how to say &quot;to go viral&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1605" CreationDate="2012-12-25T18:13:20.600" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;We use the word &lt;code&gt;вирусный&lt;/code&gt;. There are Russian expressions like &lt;code&gt;вирусный маркетинг&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;вирусная реклама&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;вирусное видео&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;That video has gone viral. - Это видео стало вирусным. / Это видео превратилось в вирусное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_marketing&quot;&gt;Wiki article on viral marketing&lt;/a&gt; has a &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&quot;&gt;counterpart in the Russian Wiki called &quot;Вирусный маркетинг&quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This marketing-related meaning of the Russian word &lt;code&gt;вирусный&lt;/code&gt; is quite new, but quite established and widely used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2012-12-25T18:13:20.600" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1607" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-12-25T19:37:16.660" Score="7" ViewCount="672" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do &lt;em&gt;вчера&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;день назад&lt;/em&gt; refer to the same time period? If no, what is the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-02T16:41:59.160" LastActivityDate="2013-02-02T16:41:59.160" Title="What is the difference between “вчера” and “день назад”?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1607" CreationDate="2012-12-25T20:22:02.300" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is exactly the same difference between &lt;code&gt;вчера&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;день назад&lt;/code&gt; as between &lt;code&gt;yesterday&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;day before&lt;/code&gt;: first, &lt;code&gt;day before&lt;/code&gt; means yesterday if we assume that we are talking about current day; second, even if we are pretty sure from the context that we are talking about current day,  it is far less typical to say &lt;code&gt;день назад&lt;/code&gt;. Since there is a separate word for such case - (paraaaam) &lt;code&gt;yesterday&lt;/code&gt; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он повёл себя тогда со мной как скотина, хотя день назад ещё был весь&#xA;  из себя джентельмен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See, if you'd use &lt;code&gt;вчера&lt;/code&gt; in this phrase, it will look like you are talking about &quot;real&quot; yesterday. Though this is nevertheless both understandable and acceptable usage of word &lt;code&gt;yesterday&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, you can also say &lt;code&gt;день тому назад&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="19" LastEditDate="2012-12-28T05:33:04.170" LastActivityDate="2012-12-28T05:33:04.170" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1609" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1607" CreationDate="2012-12-25T23:26:21.850" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If today, Dec 26th, I said the two phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;20-го декабря шёл снег, a день назад его не было.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;20-го декабря шёл снег, а вчера его не было.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, the first phrase would mean that it did not snow on Dec, 19th, while the second would mean that it did not snow on Dec, 25th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-12-25T23:26:21.850" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1607" CreationDate="2012-12-26T00:35:35.560" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @shabunc said, there is exactly the same difference between &lt;code&gt;вчера&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;день назад&lt;/code&gt; as between &lt;code&gt;yesterday&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;the day before&lt;/code&gt;, but I'd like to explain the difference in detail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;code&gt;вчера&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;[один] день [тому] назад&lt;/code&gt; mean the same when this moment of speech is &lt;strong&gt;today&lt;/strong&gt;. Let's assume that in the following example sentences &lt;strong&gt;today&lt;/strong&gt; is December 25.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сегодня я встретил друга, и он сказал мне, что приехал вчера (= сказал мне, что приехал день назад). - I met a friend today, and he told me he came yesterday (= told me he came the day before).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the sentence above, my friend was speaking today, the moment of his speech is &lt;strong&gt;today&lt;/strong&gt;, on Dec. 25, that is why his words &lt;code&gt;приехал вчера / приехал день назад&lt;/code&gt; mean he came on Dec. 24, the two expressions mean the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the meaning of the expressions &lt;code&gt;вчера&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;день назад&lt;/code&gt; mean different things when the moment of speech is in the Past, when it is not &lt;strong&gt;today&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Вчера Сергей сказал мне, что приехал вчера. - Yesterday Sergey told me he came yesterday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Вчера Сергей сказал мне, что приехал день назад. - Yesterday Sergey told me he had come the day before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both 1) and 2) the moment of speech is &lt;strong&gt;yesterday&lt;/strong&gt;, that is Dec. 24, so the two expressions mean different things. In 1) Sergey came on Dec. 24. In 2) Sergey came on Dec. 23, the day before he told me about his arrival.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Summing it all up, it can be said that &lt;code&gt;вчера&lt;/code&gt; always means the day before &lt;strong&gt;today&lt;/strong&gt;, the day before the present-moment day, it doesn't depend on the date of the moment of speech (just like &lt;code&gt;сегодня&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;завтра&lt;/code&gt;). On the other hand, &lt;code&gt;[один] день [тому] назад&lt;/code&gt; is relative to the moment of speech, it means the day before the moment-of-speech day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's one more point to be minded. If the date of the moment of speech is not expressed explicitly in a past sentence (the listener cannot understand if it is about &lt;strong&gt;today&lt;/strong&gt; or not) or it is not clear from the context, then the relative expression &lt;code&gt;[один] день [тому] назад&lt;/code&gt; can be misinterpreted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2012-12-26T00:35:35.560" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1603" CreationDate="2012-12-26T04:04:24.283" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer of shabunc is absolutely right. I just want to dwell more on the internal logic of the phenomenon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, let's clarify/establish the scope and the terminology. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Scope:&lt;/strong&gt; We are only talking here about the negations of a pattern: &lt;code&gt;[verb] + [negative adverb]&lt;/code&gt;. Adverbs like &lt;em&gt;nowhere, never, nobody&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Double negations of other patterns in Russian are mostly the same as in Boolean algebra. For example, in colloquial speech it is possible to say &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я не не-согласен&lt;/em&gt;&quot; to the meaning &quot;&lt;em&gt;I agree&lt;/em&gt;&quot; when you deny somebody's statement that you &quot;не согласны&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Terminology:&lt;/strong&gt; As far as I understood from the wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_negative&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;, there are two possibilities: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;double negation&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - when, like in Boolean algebra, the second&#xA;negation cancels the first. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;negative concord&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - when further negations add emphasis to the first one.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have already established that Russian language belongs to the &quot;negative concord&quot; group. Let's look at other European languages (source: the same wikipedia article):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;English      dbl.neg.&#xA;German       dbl.neg.&#xA;French       concord&#xA;Spanish      concord&#xA;Portuguese   concord&#xA;Welsh        concord&#xA;Greek        concord&#xA;Slavic       concord&#xA;(Polish, Serbian, Belorussian, Ukranian, Russian, etc.)&#xA;Latvian      concord&#xA;Lithuanian   concord&#xA;Hungarian    concord&#xA;Finnish      concord&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As we can see, most languages prefer &lt;em&gt;negative concord&lt;/em&gt;. Why is that? Let's look at the following phrases. (Sorry for some &quot;strictly mathematical&quot; approach :-). Imagine you say these phrases one after another to a girlfriend or boyfriend without changing the word order to make obvious the evolution of the phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Я не хочу идти с тобой на ярмарку после 6 вечера.&#xA;- Я не хочу идти с тобой на ярмарку никогда.&#xA;- Я не хочу идти с тобой никуда и никогда.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are consistently widening your negative message here. In English, following the rule of double negation, as soon as you put the negation in at least one of the adverbs you should remove the negation from the verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I do not want to go with you to the fair after 6 p.m.&#xA;I want to go with you to the fair never.&#xA;I want to go with you nowhere and never. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, you wouldn't torture your [ex-]boy/girl-friend like that. You would say something like &quot;I do not want to go with you ever&quot; or &quot;I will never want to go with you to the fair&quot; but formally the phrases which I have just presented are correct and are allowed by the language. There is an &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/w4k5NwDcucc&quot;&gt;episode&lt;/a&gt; in the Borat movie where he indirectly makes fun of this feature of English (or rather the Old English). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the problem with &lt;em&gt;double negation&lt;/em&gt; is that sometimes you do not know the gist of the phrase until you hear the very end of the phrase. I think, the Germanic languages (English is a Germanic language, too) have an old tradition of placing negation at the very end of the sentence. For example, &lt;code&gt;&quot;Er hatte das Buch nicht&quot; - He did not have the book.&lt;/code&gt; Thereby this small peculiarity of double negation is not a problem for Germanic languages because the people are already patient enough to wait till the end of the sentence. :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2012-12-28T04:40:08.293" LastActivityDate="2012-12-28T04:40:08.293" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1612" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-12-26T07:44:10.840" Score="12" ViewCount="529" Body="&lt;p&gt;In pre-prevoluationary times in Russian gymnasiums there was a 12-level grade system. In Soviet Union, as well as in Russian Federation, schools stand with 5-level grade system, but there is an actively discussed proposal to switch to 10-level system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a special term for a pupil who gets only fives - &lt;code&gt;отличник&lt;/code&gt;. Lisa Simpson is a referenсе example of &lt;code&gt;отличник&lt;/code&gt;:) While thinking of how we should call a pupil who gets only tens (&quot;десятник&quot; may be?), I've realised that I can not recall whether there was a special term for those assiduous children who got only twelves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the question is: Is there a separate word relevant for tsarist period gymnasium student, similar to modern &quot;отличник&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2018-06-24T12:58:59.757" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T12:58:59.757" Title="Talking of historical grade systems, how should I call &quot;отличник&quot;?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1612" CreationDate="2012-12-26T09:04:07.107" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word's origin is &lt;code&gt;&quot;отличие&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. That means &lt;code&gt;&quot;different from others&quot;&lt;/code&gt; (the word itself, not the origin, has positive meaning referring the student).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It has nothing to do with the grade system.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;However, there is another word &lt;code&gt;&quot;пятерочник&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. This one describes a student that gets &lt;code&gt;&quot;fives&quot;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For the 5-grade system there are other words for students who usually get:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;2: двоечник  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;3: троечник&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;4: четверочник (less commonly used), more common form: &quot;хорошист&quot; (as suggested by @КуЪ)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1300" LastEditorUserId="1300" LastEditDate="2012-12-30T07:55:15.617" LastActivityDate="2012-12-30T07:55:15.617" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1582" CreationDate="2012-12-26T09:47:23.320" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word макак can be directly produced from макака. No matter if dictionaries mention it or not, it is 100% understandable and mostly unambiguous. In the Russian language, we constantly morph words to adapt their meaning. Макак can be used to refer to a male animal, or mean, seriously-looking animal of any gender. For example, a monkey in dress, which is sipping tea from a cup and smoking a pipe, would most likely be called &amp;quot;макак&amp;quot;, while a natural wild animal in the woods would be &amp;quot;макака&amp;quot;, regardless of their gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And of cause such intrinsic details of language may vary from town to town.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="904" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditDate="2020-12-25T20:02:35.423" LastActivityDate="2020-12-25T20:02:35.423" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1612" CreationDate="2012-12-26T23:49:21.093" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Word &quot;отличник&quot; is not linked with any decimal mark and means only &quot;the best result&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, person who always gets 10 from 10 is отличник too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1218" LastActivityDate="2012-12-26T23:49:21.093" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1612" CreationDate="2012-12-27T00:59:15.890" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are four verbal grade levels:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Неудовлетворительно (неуд)&lt;/strong&gt; - Unsatisfactory,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Удовлетворительно (уд)&lt;/strong&gt; - Satisfactory,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Хорошо (хор)&lt;/strong&gt; - Good,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Отлично (отл)&lt;/strong&gt; - Excellent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These days they correspond to numbers two through five, inclusive, but regardless of the grade scale, &quot;отлично&quot; applies to the highest grade. As a consequence, the word &quot;отличник&quot; describes someone who gets the highest grades.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastActivityDate="2012-12-27T00:59:15.890" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1619" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1624" CreationDate="2012-12-28T15:08:20.477" Score="6" ViewCount="199" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian Wikipedia page for the 15-puzzle calls it пятнашки, while the Викисловарь page for пятнашки defines it as a children's running game. A native speaker I know, who hasn't lived in Russia for about 20 years, doesn't recall пятнашки being used as the name of the puzzle. Has the puzzle essentially always had the name пятнашки, or is that a very recent development? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2012-12-29T01:28:12.077" Title="пятнашки as puzzle name" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1620" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1622" CreationDate="2012-12-28T15:10:19.473" Score="5" ViewCount="218" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following sentence which way would be correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Один/одна из тех людей, которые никогда не откажут в помощи - это наш врач.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The singular of &lt;strong&gt;люди&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;человек&lt;/strong&gt; which is male. But what if the aforementioned doctor is a female?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1306" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2012-12-28T16:20:22.670" LastActivityDate="2012-12-30T21:38:51.807" Title="Which way is correct &quot;один/одна&quot;" Tags="&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1619" CreationDate="2012-12-28T15:15:17.397" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пятнашки&lt;/code&gt; is the 15-puzzle. The children's running game might have been called like that decades ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1306" LastActivityDate="2012-12-28T15:15:17.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1620" CreationDate="2012-12-28T15:25:21.933" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a sentence as you wrote it, when you refer to some generic doctor, you will use &lt;em&gt;один&lt;/em&gt; (masculine) version in a sentence like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Один из тех людей, которые никогда не откажут в помощи - это наш врач.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main reason for it is not that the singular of &lt;em&gt;люди&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;человек&lt;/em&gt; (which is masculine), but that &lt;em&gt;врач&lt;/em&gt; is masculine (as a word, not a person).  This is why you use &lt;em&gt;наш&lt;/em&gt; with it.  You could say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Одна из тех людей, которые никогда не откажут в помощи - это наша врач.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case you are referring to a specific doctor - and in that case using &lt;em&gt;одна&lt;/em&gt; would be grammatically correct: if you are talking about a specific female doctor in a specific group of people.  Another example would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Одна из этих людей - наша врач.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However in a general conversation you would use word &lt;em&gt;один&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-12-28T15:42:38.550" LastActivityDate="2012-12-28T15:42:38.550" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1619" CreationDate="2012-12-28T15:41:24.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From my distant memory of living in Ukraine (or at that time it was USSR), &lt;em&gt;пятнашки&lt;/em&gt; was a children's running game.  The word originated not from &lt;em&gt;пятнадцать&lt;/em&gt; (15) but from &lt;em&gt;пятно&lt;/em&gt; (mark, stain).  The aim of the game was to run after one of your friends, catch up with him/her and touch them - &lt;em&gt;запятнать&lt;/em&gt; (leave a mark).  After that, the person that was marked would be the one catching somebody else.  There is an English game with the same idea, called &lt;em&gt;tag&lt;/em&gt; (or a &lt;em&gt;game of tag&lt;/em&gt;).  I will add that my niece who lived in Moscow for her entire life of 7 years plays this game with her friends and they still call it &lt;em&gt;пятнашки&lt;/em&gt;, although word &lt;em&gt;салки&lt;/em&gt; is also used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The puzzle you refer to did exist 20 years ago, too, however it used to be called &lt;em&gt;игра в 15&lt;/em&gt; or something to that extent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's quite possible that the same word can mean two different things, especially in different geographical areas, therefore it probably isn't correct to state that one is right and the other is wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, multitran.ru &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?a=3&amp;amp;&amp;amp;s=%EF%FF%F2%ED%E0%F8%EA%E8&amp;amp;sc=0&amp;amp;l1=2&amp;amp;l2=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;lists &lt;em&gt;пятнашки&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; as the game of tag in &lt;em&gt;общая лексика&lt;/em&gt;, but also mentions the other game as well in general translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.translate.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;translate.ru&lt;/a&gt; only has one translation, &lt;em&gt;tag&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://translate.google.com/#auto/en/%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;google translate&lt;/a&gt; gives as the first option &lt;em&gt;barley-break&lt;/em&gt;, which is another name for the game of tag.  Yet, it also in further options mentions the sliding squares game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2012-12-28T17:02:53.377" LastActivityDate="2012-12-28T17:02:53.377" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1619" CreationDate="2012-12-28T15:47:31.903" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The running game &lt;code&gt;салки&lt;/code&gt; (game of tag) has formerly been called &lt;code&gt;пятнашки&lt;/code&gt;. Today, this word is only used for the puzzle game, which has been called &lt;code&gt;игра в пятнадцать&lt;/code&gt; in the past. I'm not sure when the meaning changed... probably some 30-40 years ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's interesting to note that &lt;code&gt;Толковый словарь Ефремовой&lt;/code&gt; from 2000 still lists the original meaning, and doesn't even mention the puzzle game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пятна́шки мн.&#xA;  Детская игра, по правилам которой следует попадать мячом в бегущего партнера или, догнав, коснуться его рукой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact there isn't a single Russian dictionary which mentions the puzzle game, despite the fact that this has been the primary meaning of the word for at least two decades.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, unlike with the puzzle game, the name of the running game comes from the word &lt;code&gt;запятнать/пятно&lt;/code&gt;, not the number &lt;code&gt;15&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;запятнать - [...] 4) разг. Тронуть, ударить рукой, мячом (при игре в пятнашки, в лапту).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The use of the word to describe the running game might be regional... from &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Салки &gt; Названия&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Простота правил, отсутствие необходимости в сложных приспособлениях,&#xA;  постройках и т. п. привели к чрезвычайной распространённости игры,&#xA;  получившей в различных регионах России и бывших союзных республик&#xA;  множество наименований. К примеру, простейший «бесконечный вариант»&#xA;  (см. выше раздел «Обычные салочки») игры имеет не менее 37 названий,&#xA;  например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пятнашки (дотронуться — «запятнать») — Архангельская обл., Камчатский&#xA;  край, Горьковская обл. Оренбургская обл. (Россия); Могилев&#xA;  (Белоруссия); Западный Казахстан; Ташкент (Узбекистан); Эстония&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another interesting discussion of various local names of the running game: &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.lingvo.ru/actualthread.aspx?tid=30290&amp;amp;pg=-1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;салки-пятнашки&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastEditorUserId="19" LastEditDate="2012-12-29T01:28:12.077" LastActivityDate="2012-12-29T01:28:12.077" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1625" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1620" CreationDate="2012-12-28T17:26:40.097" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, you use &quot;врач&quot;, and it's male. So, You should use &quot;один&quot; here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Один из тех людей, которые никогда не откажут в помощи - это наш врач.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if noun whould be female, you should use female form. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Одна их тех людей, которые никогда не откажут в помощи -- это наша мать.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1218" LastActivityDate="2012-12-28T17:26:40.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1619" CreationDate="2012-12-28T19:08:10.940" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%EF%FF%F2%ED%E0%F8%EA%E8&amp;amp;p=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;national corpus&lt;/a&gt;, the word &amp;quot;пятнашки&amp;quot; has been used most often to mean &amp;quot;a running game&amp;quot; since approximately mid-1800:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Аксютка бегал очень хорошо; он мастер был &lt;strong&gt;играть в пятнашки&lt;/strong&gt; и на небольшом пространстве умел увертываться, делая неожиданные повороты то в ту, то в другую сторону. (1862)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...] кончал же обыкновенно тем, что гнал его играть со своими детьми &lt;strong&gt;в прятки, пятнашки, горелки&lt;/strong&gt;. (1888)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда говорят об игре в детском саду или в школе, то больше всего обычно говорят не об игре вообще, а об играх: игре &lt;strong&gt;в пятнашки, в кошки-мышки, в горелки&lt;/strong&gt;, в крокет, в серсо. (1920)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто хочет играть в &lt;strong&gt;пятнашки&lt;/strong&gt;? В палочку-выручалочку? (1940)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А ребята загалдели, начали &lt;strong&gt;гоняться в «пятнашки»&lt;/strong&gt;, кувыркаться на траве и делать стойки на руках. (1967)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Та отказалась и опять застыла, держа головку на поднятой шее, глядя без всякого чувства на дорогу, где, гоняясь друг за другом, &lt;strong&gt;играли в пятнашки&lt;/strong&gt; мальчик и девочка ее лет. (1997)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word has been adopted to mean &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:15_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_1978_%D0%B3.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a 15-kopek coin&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тогда я вынул из кармана целую горсть нашей мелочи, остававшейся у меня, ― пятачки, двушки, &lt;strong&gt;пятнашки&lt;/strong&gt; (1999)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А денег-то у меня нет! Только две &lt;strong&gt;пятнашки&lt;/strong&gt;. (2001)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This gets us closer to the meaning from the Wikipedia: the game of 15 also uses 15 pieces, so &amp;quot;пятнашка&amp;quot; that means the number of kopeks can be re-used to mean the number of pieces. I distinctly remember this use of the word, so I was rather surprised to find only one example in the corpus to support this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В случае шахматной доски нам нужно было лишь вспомнить о её существовании, а в случае &lt;strong&gt;доски для игры в «пятнашки»&lt;/strong&gt; пришлось таковую раскраску ввести самим. (2000)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2012-12-28T19:08:10.940" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1627" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2012-12-29T00:49:44.607" Score="2" ViewCount="315" Body="&lt;p&gt;What do Russians consider their authentic (not necessarily Russian-original) dishes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T10:12:36.350" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T10:12:36.350" Title="What are the names of Russian dishes?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2012-12-29T11:18:27.767" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1627" CreationDate="2012-12-29T01:37:17.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think that this is a constructive question, and voted to close, but here are some examples...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пельмени&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;окрошка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;борщ&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;щи&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;уха&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;холоде́ц&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;шашлы́к&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;блины&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;сы́рники&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пирожки&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastActivityDate="2012-12-29T01:37:17.927" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1627" CreationDate="2012-12-29T08:32:26.187" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all it is &lt;code&gt;rye-bread (ржаной хлеб)&lt;/code&gt;. People grew wheat and produced flour. Then they cooked &lt;code&gt;kolatch (калач)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;oat meal (толокно)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;pies (пироги пряженые и подовые)&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Soups have always played an important role in the Russian meal. The traditional staple of soups such as &lt;code&gt;borscht (борщ)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;shchi (щи)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ukha (уха́)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;rassolnik (рассо́льник)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;solyanka (соля́нка)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;botvinya (ботви́нья)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;okroshka (окро́шка)&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;tyurya (тю́ря)&lt;/code&gt; was enlarged in the 18th to 20th centuries by both European and Central Asian staples like clear soups, pureed soups, stews, and many others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to the distribution of potato (the second half of the XIX century) a &lt;code&gt;turnip (репа)&lt;/code&gt; served as the main vegetable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditional Russian dressing and dairy product is &lt;code&gt;smetana (сметана)&lt;/code&gt; (some American people don't call it &lt;code&gt;&quot;sour cream&quot;&lt;/code&gt; because of other taste and consistence), which is charged with soups and salads. Other Russian dairy product is &lt;code&gt;cottage cheese (творог)&lt;/code&gt;,  with a help of it we prepare &lt;code&gt;cottage cheese pancakes (сырники)&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best author of numerous culinary books is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pokhlyobkin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;William Vasilyevich Pokhlyobkin&lt;/a&gt;. You can find a lot information about Russian (and many others) cuisine in his books.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastActivityDate="2012-12-29T08:32:26.187" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1630" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1631" CreationDate="2012-12-29T08:42:49.020" Score="14" ViewCount="1578" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know one already:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;in the garden - в саду&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T11:50:45.070" LastActivityDate="2017-07-27T10:31:28.903" Title="What are some examples of nouns that end in -у in prepositional case" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;окончания&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-07-27T11:50:08.497" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1630" CreationDate="2012-12-29T09:03:41.797" Score="14" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;in the forest - в лесу&#xA;in the nose - в носу&#xA;in the heaven - в раю&#xA;in the year - в году&#xA;in the cupboard - в шкафу&#xA;in snow - в снегу&#xA;in delirium - в бреду&#xA;in common use, widespread - в ходу&#xA;in the brain - в мозгу&#xA;in ice - во льду&#xA;in the mouth - во рту&#xA;in the formation - в строю&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We study 6 cases at school, and things like this we call exceptions. However, this is &lt;em&gt;locative case&lt;/em&gt; from old Russian. Did you notice all these nouns describe &lt;em&gt;where&lt;/em&gt;, they point at the location of object?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And a tricky example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В &quot;Вишнёвом саде&quot; Чехов рассказывает о ...&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Locative forms are not used when the noun is a part of a name of a work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your understanding of Russian permits, you may read an &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA#.D0.A0.D1.83.D1.81.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.B9.C2.A0.E2.80.94_.D1.8F.D0.B7.D1.8B.D0.BA_.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.B2.D1.8F.D1.82.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.B6.D0.B5.D0.B9&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; about other &quot;hidden&quot; cases that are often considered exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="414" LastEditorUserId="414" LastEditDate="2012-12-29T09:13:27.310" LastActivityDate="2012-12-29T09:13:27.310" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-07-27T11:50:08.497" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1630" CreationDate="2012-12-29T09:23:48.710" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ones that come first to my mind (apart from already mentioned) are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;    в aду (in Hell)&#xA;    на балу (at the dance party)&#xA;    на бегу (while running)&#xA;    на берегу (on the shore)&#xA;    на боку (on the side)&#xA;    в бору (in the pine forest)&#xA;    в бою (in the battle)&#xA;    на валу (on the bank)&#xA;    на возу (on the cart)&#xA;    в/на глазу (in/on the eye)&#xA;    в году (in the year)&#xA;    на [своём] горбу (on [somebody's own] hump, used figuratively = bring something with your own muscles without any help of mechanisms or other people)&#xA;    на Дону (in the Don region)&#xA;    в жиру (in the fat)&#xA;    в зобу (in the craw)&#xA;    на кону (at stake)&#xA;    в/на краю (in the region/on the edge)&#xA;    в кругу (in the circle, mostly used figuratively f.e. в кругу друзей - among friends)&#xA;    на лету (while flying, mostly used figuratively = doing something fast and at the same time with something else)&#xA;    во/на льду (in/on the ice)&#xA;    в мозгу (in the brain, but anatomically speaking we say &quot;в мозге&quot;)&#xA;    на мосту (on the bridge)&#xA;    на мысу (on the cape)&#xA;    в/на носу (in/on the nose)&#xA;    на плаву (afloat)&#xA;    в плену (in captivity)&#xA;    в/при полку (in/attached to the regiment)&#xA;    в порту (in the port)&#xA;    в поту (all over in sweat)&#xA;    в раю (in heaven, in paradise)&#xA;    во рту (in the mouth)&#xA;    на скаку (while riding)&#xA;    на слуху (if a person is на слуху, it means he is talked about a lot)&#xA;    в/на снегу (in/on the snow)&#xA;    в строю (in the formation, in the line-up)&#xA;    в/на углу (in/on the corner)&#xA;    в хлеву (in the barn)&#xA;    в/на ходу (the one which is being commonly used/while moving)&#xA;    в/на шкафу (in/on top of the wardrobe)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are more of them, it's rather hard for me to remember more :D.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-01-04T01:55:05.293" LastActivityDate="2013-01-04T01:55:05.293" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-07-27T11:50:08.497" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1633" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1634" CreationDate="2012-12-29T21:58:57.193" Score="6" ViewCount="1667" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I am curious if there is something similar to the proverb that sounds like: You can lead a horse to the water but you can't make it drink.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastActivityDate="2013-01-07T13:30:07.620" Title="Is there a similar proverb to the one about a horse and water?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1633" CreationDate="2012-12-29T22:03:56.250" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Насильно мил не будешь&lt;/em&gt; (you cannot force people to like you).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-01-02T09:33:56.367" LastActivityDate="2013-01-02T09:33:56.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1635" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1633" CreationDate="2012-12-30T02:28:38.220" Score="3" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сердцу не прикажешь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;not proverb, just figure of speech:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не всего можно добиться силой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не всё от тебя зависит&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or direct translate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Можно привести коня на водопой, но нельзя заставить его пить&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2012-12-30T02:28:38.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1636" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1633" CreationDate="2012-12-30T09:13:57.080" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following calque is sometimes used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Можно подвести ишака к воде, но пить его не заставит даже сам шайтан.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You can lead an ass to water but the devil himself can't make it drink.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this proverb, the Turkic loanword &lt;em&gt;ишак&lt;/em&gt; and Arabic loanword &lt;em&gt;шайтан&lt;/em&gt; are used for &quot;ass&quot; and &quot;devil&quot;, respectively. Those words are associated with East and Muslim culture. This makes the proverb to sound like a piece of Eastern wisdom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2012-12-30T09:35:11.710" LastActivityDate="2012-12-30T09:35:11.710" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1633" CreationDate="2012-12-30T15:33:46.147" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not really a direct translation, but I've always thought (perhaps incorrectly) that the expression &quot;okhota pushche nevoli&quot; conveys a similar notion...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1249" LastActivityDate="2012-12-30T15:33:46.147" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1630" CreationDate="2012-12-30T19:52:32.917" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I added some more examples of nouns ending with &lt;em&gt;-у&lt;/em&gt; in the prepositional (aka locative) case to the Yellow Sky's answer (pending peer's review). There are many more of them still not mentioned. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this answer I would like to concentrate on the phenomenon of such words, finding common patterns in them, and suggesting the ways of finding them instead of just listing them. Kind of following the Chinese proverb: Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Common pattern&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I noticed that for all these words the following is true:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;An old Russian word&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Masculine gender, ending with consonant&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Used in the extended meaning of location inside of something &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Prepositional case is formed by taking the Dative case of the same word and moving the stress to the ending &quot;&lt;em&gt;-у&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct me if I'm wrong but I think in the Old Russian almost all the nouns had such form. With time these forms started to be supplanted by more modern forms of prepositional (locative) case but some words resisted and are still keeping their old forms in certain meanings. This my hypothesis is confirmed by the fact that the words borrowed/created not very long time ago do not have such forms. F.e. compare мёд (old word) and йод (more new). It is possible to say выдержанный в меду, but it will be выдержанный в йоде - not йоду for йод.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;The name of the phenomenon&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90._%D0%90._%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zalizniak's dictionary&lt;/a&gt; this phenomenon is called the &quot;2-ой предложный падеж&quot; (second prepositional case). &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruscorpora.ru/search-main.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian National Corpus website&lt;/a&gt; calls it &quot;предложный 2&quot;, or, in their English version: &quot;locative 2&quot;. (Interesting is that &lt;em&gt;locative&lt;/em&gt; - not &lt;em&gt;prepositional&lt;/em&gt; - is used as the translation of word предложный for grammatical cases. You can see the &quot;official&quot; list of Russian grammatical cases by clicking &quot;выбрать&quot;/&quot;select&quot; close to the &quot;Грамм. признаки&quot;/&quot;Gramm. features&quot; text box).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the words that can form locative 2 are marked with the sign &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;П₂&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in the Zalizniak's  dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the excerpt from П₂ definition by Zalizniak:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Помета П₂ (за которой может следовать в скобках предлог &quot;в&quot; или &quot;на&quot;) - символ&#xA;наличия у данного слова особой формы так-называемого 2-го предложного падежа.&#xA;...&#xA;Помета П₂ означает, что у данного существительного в ед. числе после предлогов &#xA;&quot;в&quot; и &quot;на&quot;, выступающих в одном из указанных ниже значений, употребляется особая форма,&#xA;отличная от обычного предложного падежа - так называемый 2-ой предложный падеж. Форма 2-го&#xA;предложного падежа ед. числа по буквенному составу равна форме Д. ед. того же слова, но &#xA;ударение в ней всегда на окончании. Примеры: &quot;шкаф&quot; (Д. ед. &quot;шкАфу&quot;) - П₂ ед. &quot;шкафУ&quot;; &#xA;    ...&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://zaliznyak-dict.narod.ru/c0066.gif&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;http://zaliznyak-dict.narod.ru/c0067.gif&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; the original scanned pages. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;How to find these words&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One possibility is to open &lt;a href=&quot;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=/usr/local/share/starling/morpho&amp;amp;morpho=1&amp;amp;basename=morpho%5Czaliznia%5Cdict&amp;amp;first=74481&amp;amp;encoding=utf-rus&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the online version of the Zalizniak's dictionary&lt;/a&gt; and scan it page by page searching for the mark &quot;п(2)&quot;. (For example, look for word &quot;сад&quot; on the page references above). At least this is until a better (for our purposes) version of the online dictionary exists which would allow searching by marks. :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another possibility for finding such words is by using the National Corpus. Click &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruscorpora.ru/en/search-main.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;; click on &quot;select&quot; close to &quot;Gramm. features&quot;; in the following popup check &quot;locative 2&quot;. &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/F4l0s.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;; &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6tdWF.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;on the main page click the &quot;search&quot; button. In the results of search you will see the words in locative 2 case put in the context of their usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-01-05T03:33:20.167" LastActivityDate="2013-01-05T03:33:20.167" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-07-27T11:50:08.497" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="590" CreationDate="2012-12-30T20:05:31.147" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that the actual meaning of the verb prefixes is not 'start doing something and become good at it', but rather 'to exceed planned limits of action'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore it is natural to say that one has 'shouted/written/scheduled' more than had planned - which might be one-person, or non-communicative actions -  but it is almost impossible to say the same thing about work, reading or thinking - which might be conceptually polipersonal, or communicative actions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2012-12-30T20:05:31.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1620" CreationDate="2012-12-30T21:38:51.807" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should use 'Один из тех людей, которые никогда не откажут в помощи - это наш врач,' because врач means a male doctor so you should use Один.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1309" LastActivityDate="2012-12-30T21:38:51.807" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1641" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1644" CreationDate="2012-12-31T02:45:54.200" Score="12" ViewCount="411" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was searching the Russian National Corpus recently and in the results I noticed that nouns referring to duration in time are sometimes marked with a diminutive suffix, as in the following examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Посидела там &lt;strong&gt;часик&lt;/strong&gt; и всё.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я думаю, вам не помешает на &lt;strong&gt;недельку&lt;/strong&gt; съездить в Инсбрук.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  О нем поговорить так &lt;strong&gt;годика&lt;/strong&gt; через два актуальней.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When are these sorts of diminutive forms used? Are there certain verbs or constructions they are more likely to occur with? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If so, can a non-diminutive form be used in these situations also? What is the difference in meaning between a diminutive form and a non-diminutive form in these contexts?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1003" LastActivityDate="2012-12-31T14:52:30.183" Title="When are diminutive forms of time words (e.g., часик, неделька, годик) used?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;суффиксы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1641" CreationDate="2012-12-31T05:03:40.040" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruslichimya.ru/polnoe-lichnoe-imya-i-ego-proizvodnye/umenshitelnye-laskatelnye-i-drugie-formy-imeni.ini&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.ruslichimya.ru/polnoe-lichnoe-imya-i-ego-proizvodnye/umenshitelnye-laskatelnye-i-drugie-formy-imeni.ini&lt;/a&gt; &#xA;1) something cute, little &#xA;2) for expressing sympathy to some heroes of books&#xA;3) short time Посидела там часик и всё.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1312" LastActivityDate="2012-12-31T05:03:40.040" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1641" CreationDate="2012-12-31T07:01:21.830" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;В приведённых примерах уменьшительная форма использована для придания незначительности, пренебрежительности отрезку времени: &quot;Только часик, и всё. Что такого?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Съездить на (всю/целую) неделю куда-нибудь&quot; Здесь неделя - значимый период времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Съездить на недельку куда-нибудь&quot; Неделька здесь - незначительный период времени, всего на недельку и сразу обратно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Также, уменьшительная форма может ничего не означать, если человек использует её постоянно. Частое или постоянное использование уменьшительных форм свойственно некоторым девушкам-подросткам или в разговоре матери с маленьким ребёнком.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these examples a diminutive form is used to make time period less significant:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;час ~ for an hour&lt;br&gt;&#xA;часик ~ only an hour.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Also, a diminutive form may mean nothing if a person uses it constantly. Frequent or constant use of the diminutive form of typical some adolescent girls or mothers in conversation with a little child.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2012-12-31T07:01:21.830" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1646" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1641" CreationDate="2012-12-31T14:43:52.130" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;1.&#xA;They are approximate and not exact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.&#xA;There is another form of ч*&lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt;*сик:&#xA;час*&lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt;*к &#xA;Перевод из «Нового большого русско-английского словаря» ABBYY Lingvo&#xA;м. &lt;strong&gt;разг&lt;/strong&gt;. &#xA; an hour or so &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;уйти на часок — leave for an hour or so&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;both forms used in unofficial speaking, not official documents (mark разг. means разговорная речь)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Неделька is associated with &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;набор трусов &quot;неделька&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Годик and годок used in storytales and epic rhymes (былины) для &quot;красивого&quot; детского звучания.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1315" LastEditorUserId="1315" LastEditDate="2012-12-31T14:52:30.183" LastActivityDate="2012-12-31T14:52:30.183" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1647" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-01T22:48:53.497" Score="6" ViewCount="721" Body="&lt;p&gt;Where and when did the phrase in question originate? Was it the invention of Soviet propaganda, or did authorities themselves adopted the earlier phrase from other literary sources? Could it be used in its disdainful connotation by earlier religious critic or someone on either side of Orientalist/Occidentalist (as the case may have been in Russia) debate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, the literal and neutral meaning “their customs” as used by, say, an anthropologist is clear. When and how did “customs” became explicitly “their”?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Где и когда появилась фраза «их нравы»? Было ли это изобретением советской пропаганды или власти в свою очередь взяли эту фразу из других литературных источников? Могла ли она быть использована с пренебрежительной коннотацией ранним религиозным критиком или, быть может, ориенталистом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очевидно, что буквальный и нейтральный смысл фразы, как используемой, скажем, антропологом, понятен. Когда и как «нравы» стали недвусмысленно «их»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastActivityDate="2013-04-07T09:59:48.277" Title="Origin of the phrase “их нравы”" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1649" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1650" CreationDate="2013-01-02T22:42:35.883" Score="3" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, I might make a list of things like so:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;A. This is the first item!&#xA;B. This is the second item!&#xA;C. You guessed it! Third item!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, is that done the same way? i.e.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;а. Первый элемент&#xA;б. Второй элемент&#xA;в. ...&#xA;г. ...&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1318" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-01-03T08:04:34.623" LastActivityDate="2013-01-03T08:04:34.623" Title="Alphabetical lists in Russian?" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1649" CreationDate="2013-01-02T23:18:47.127" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you can do this in Russian. However, letters Ё, Й, Ъ, Ы and Ь &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collation#Labeling_of_ordered_items&quot;&gt;are usually omitted&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastActivityDate="2013-01-02T23:18:47.127" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1651" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1653" CreationDate="2013-01-03T05:45:18.603" Score="5" ViewCount="1119" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы возвращаемся домой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am expecting accusative, so I'm confused.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-01-03T10:57:59.737" LastActivityDate="2013-01-04T13:39:22.360" Title="Which case is used for the word &quot;домой&quot;" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1652" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1651" CreationDate="2013-01-03T06:09:11.193" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are confused, since this word looks like noun, though it is not. &#xA;It is actually adverb, historically &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9&quot;&gt;derived from&lt;/a&gt; dative singular, but nowadays it is an adverb. So the conception of case is irrelevant here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some claim this to be a remnant of so called &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allative_case&quot;&gt;allative case&lt;/a&gt;, but as far as I know, allative (unlike, for example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locative_case&quot;&gt;locative  case&lt;/a&gt;) never been something that existed in (proto)Russian on any stage of it evolution. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-01-03T06:25:44.233" LastActivityDate="2013-01-03T06:25:44.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1651" CreationDate="2013-01-03T08:51:35.663" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;code&gt;возвращаться&lt;/code&gt; (like all other reflexive verbs ending in &lt;code&gt;-ся&lt;/code&gt;) is intransitive, that is why expecting the accusative case after such verbs is a wrong thing to do, they are never followed by the accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Домой&lt;/code&gt; is an adverb, not a direct object noun. In the example Lawrence gives, Russian uses the same sentence structure as English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;We are coming home. / We are going home.&lt;/code&gt; - Here &lt;code&gt;home&lt;/code&gt; is an adverb, too, not a noun, because the verbs &lt;code&gt;to come&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;to go&lt;/code&gt; are intransitive, they cannot have objects without prepositions in English. In the sentence &lt;code&gt;We are home. - Мы дóма.&lt;/code&gt; - both &lt;code&gt;home&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;дóма&lt;/code&gt; are also adverbs. The difference between &lt;code&gt;домой&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;дóма&lt;/code&gt; is that the former denotes the direction to a place, the latter denotes the place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-01-03T08:51:35.663" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1605" CreationDate="2013-01-03T15:13:05.357" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can also hear &quot;Это видео разошлось&quot; or variants like that. As for me, I would not say &quot;Это видео превратилось в вирусное&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1321" LastActivityDate="2013-01-03T15:13:05.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1605" CreationDate="2013-01-03T18:44:06.863" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;To say &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;to go viral&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; within the meaning of something became widely known, popular, spreading from one to another, you can use the set phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;That video has gone viral. -- Видеоролик пошёл в народ.&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or similar idiom:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;That video has gone viral. -- Это видео пошло в массы&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1298" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-01-03T18:44:06.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="948" CreationDate="2013-01-03T20:23:12.553" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a few I could think of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Это тебе не хухры-мухры&#xA;Это тебе не халам-балам&#xA;Это тебе не цацки-пуцки&#xA;Это тебе не пипку дёргать :-)&#xA;Тут придётся голову поломать&#xA;Задачка не для средних умов&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please feel free to edit my post if you find any of the expressions inappropriate for this website. E.g. #4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1306" LastActivityDate="2013-01-03T20:23:12.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1657" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1660" CreationDate="2013-01-03T22:21:53.697" Score="7" ViewCount="7108" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm just not sure what the pattern is for using each, or if there even is one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastActivityDate="2016-02-01T18:04:36.877" Title="Difference between &quot;a&quot; and &quot;и&quot;" Tags="&lt;conjunctions&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1659" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1657" CreationDate="2013-01-04T00:06:49.503" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a major difference between these two words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;соединительный союз&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;connecting&quot; conjunction) and means &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt;, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вчера и сегодня &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  yesterday and today&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;противительный союз&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;opposing&quot; conjunction) and in meaning is closer to &lt;em&gt;but&lt;/em&gt; in a sense that it requires two opposing elements, e.g&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я - тут, а ты - там &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  I am here, but your are there&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in this example, the English sentence could use conjunction &lt;em&gt;while&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am here while you are there&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to this, &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; can have another usage: in sentences like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;А давай пойдем в кино! &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;А не пойти ли тебе на...?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;А это что такое? &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these cases &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; is not used to oppose two elements but is standing on its own, usually in the beginning of a sentence, more as an exclamation, expression of emotions, which can be translated as &lt;em&gt;what if&lt;/em&gt; in most cases, but can sometimes be translated as &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; in a similar usage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;What if we go to a cinema? &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;What if you just f... off? &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;And what is this?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2013-01-04T08:09:28.927" LastActivityDate="2013-01-04T08:09:28.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1657" CreationDate="2013-01-04T01:30:56.380" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suppose that you are talking about cases like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I want to go home, and he wishes to stay at the club. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  The computers are growing much faster every year, and new models have more memory then the old ones.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You need to use &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; in cases when you wish to switch your attention from one event or fact to another (1) or to stress that two events contrast in some way. That is, one of the circumstances (3) or the whole situation of the second phrase (2) contradicts to the first event. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я слушаю новости по телевизору, а он читает их в Интернете. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  I listen to the news on the TV, but he reads online newspapers.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я знаю ответ, а ты -- нет. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  I know the answer and you don't.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Мама уехала на дачу, а папа -- на рыбалку. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  My mom went to dacha, while my dad went fishing.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, you would use &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; to stress the temporal (ex. 1 below) or causal (ex. 2 below) relations between the two events, or to say that the two events both support the same idea (ex. 3 below):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я слушаю новости по телевизору и потом проверяю их в Интернете. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  I listen to the news on the TV and then compare them with the online newspapers. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я списал ответы у Паши и сдал экзамен. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  I copied the answers from Pasha and passed the exam. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Мама уехала на дачу, и папы тоже нет дома. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  My mom went to dacha, and my dad is not at home either. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it is possible to have contrasting situations joined by &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;, as in (ex. 1 below). These cases are different from the contrasting situations joined by &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; in that they usually sequences of events. One uses &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; when one talks about general facts (ex. 2 below), habits (ex. 1 above) or simultaneous events (ex. 2 and 3 above):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Он видел смерч и остался жив. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  He saw a tornado and lived to tell the tale of it.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Он любит загорать, а не купаться.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  He like to sunbathe, not to swim.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think that my answer is complete, but I think that it captures the general idea. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2013-01-04T01:37:49.007" LastActivityDate="2013-01-04T01:37:49.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1651" CreationDate="2013-01-04T13:39:22.360" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, nothing similar to allative case has ever existed in (proto)Russian on any stage of it evolution. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And no, we have a full monty of allative cases in Fenno-Ugric languages of 'native Russians' still spoken here, just like in Tocharian A and in its decendant, Tocharian B, which are, judging by my amateur IE studies, were ancestors of Samskrt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my intuition is that its origin might have something to do with cross-linguistics and language unions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2013-01-04T13:39:22.360" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="923" CreationDate="2013-01-04T13:49:09.620" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word is a new coinage, a cross-breed of терпение ('patience') and болячка ('sore place'), meaning 'to hide one's [chronical] pain'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="8" LastEditDate="2013-01-08T20:39:00.940" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T20:39:00.940" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1657" CreationDate="2013-01-04T14:30:24.017" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most situations, the distinction between &amp;quot;и&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;а&amp;quot; is clear: &amp;quot;и&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;and&amp;quot; (adjunction), while &amp;quot;а&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;but&amp;quot; (contrast, comparison, or discrepancy). There is, however, a situation where &amp;quot;а&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;и&amp;quot;. Consider:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сначала у нас зарядка, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; после зарядки завтрак. (First, we do the morning exercises, and then we have our breakfast.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Там стадион, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; за ним универмаг. (There's a stadium, and a department store behind it.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both cases, using &amp;quot;и&amp;quot; in place of &amp;quot;а&amp;quot; is OK:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сначала у нас зарядка, &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; после зарядки завтрак. (First, we do the morning exercises, and then we have our breakfast.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Там стадион, &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; за ним универмаг. (There's a stadium, and a department store behind it.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are cases when you must use &amp;quot;и&amp;quot; in very similar situations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы сделали зарядку &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; позавтракали. (We did our morning exercises and had our breakfast.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Там стадион &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; универмаг. (There is a stadium and a department store there.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я обернулся &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; увидел её. (I turned around and saw her.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since there is no &amp;quot;symmetry&amp;quot; here, I would recommend using &amp;quot;и&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;and&amp;quot; in all situations, at least in the beginning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-01-04T14:30:24.017" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1664" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1666" CreationDate="2013-01-05T03:54:47.660" Score="6" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if I need a comma in the following phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не знаю что сказать.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Не знаю что вам сказать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me they seem to be similar to the phrases &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/1581/496&quot;&gt;Тут есть над чем подумать&lt;/a&gt;&quot; &quot;Тут есть что посмотреть&quot; but the &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=langust&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%ED%E5+%E7%ED%E0%FE+%F7%F2%EE+%F1%EA%E0%E7%E0%F2%FC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ruscorpora.ru&lt;/a&gt; search shows that many authors use commas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-10-30T10:59:12.880" LastActivityDate="2017-10-30T10:59:12.880" Title="Comma in &quot;Не знаю, что вам сказать&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1664" CreationDate="2013-01-05T21:42:25.097" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Не знаю, что вам сказать&quot; is a case where the infinitive occupies the position of an object (a position usually taken by a noun phrase). In this case, you always should surround the sentence with commas, unless there are already other punctuation marks at its boundaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Eсть над чем подумать&quot; is an exception to this rule. It can be found &lt;a href=&quot;http://rosental.virtbox.ru/punct_xxix.html#sect114.1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here in paragraph 6&lt;/a&gt;, alongside with other exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that these sentences are declared to be exceptions because linguists still argue about their internal structure and cannot say if the embedded sentence &quot;над чем подумать&quot; occupies a position of a complement or if &quot;подумать&quot; and &quot;есть&quot; constitute one verbal group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2013-01-06T00:25:03.870" LastActivityDate="2013-01-06T00:25:03.870" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="999" CreationDate="2013-01-06T19:14:05.863" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase Из «Преступления и наказания» Ф. Достоевского, мой любимый роман is also &lt;em&gt;grammatically&lt;/em&gt; corrrect, at least when spoken in conversational Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is all about the punctuation; there should be brackets, semicolon, or a separate sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the options are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из «Преступления и наказания» Ф. Достоевского (мой любимый роман).&#xA;Из «Преступления и наказания» Ф. Достоевского; мой любимый роман.&#xA;Из «Преступления и наказания» Ф. Достоевского. Mой любимый роман.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2013-01-06T19:14:05.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1647" CreationDate="2013-01-06T19:33:14.427" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase obtained its second life in the eighties of the Soviet Union soon after the underground release of casset album of the same name by a pseudo-punk band &lt;strong&gt;ДК (1983)&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the first recorded example of the mocking sense given to this phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More information (in Russian) is available at&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BC%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BC%29&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lets's look at the history of the subject. The oldest examples of the phrase can be traced back as long as to the 18th century. The phrase then used to be a part of three-dimetional paradigm accompanied by two cognates, namely&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;их нравы/нравы их&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сих нравы/нравы сих&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;оных нравы/нравы оных&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice that prepositional pronoun combination stands mainly for compound subject, while postpositional pronoun combiation stands mainly for compound object/adverbial; see e.g. Rodionova (2001) and Dyakonova (2009). By the beginning of 1800 их нравы/нравы их began the most frequently used combination.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before 1850s both directions were used. However, их нравы became predominant by that time, not being a cliché yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-01-13T20:27:10.583" LastActivityDate="2013-01-13T20:27:10.583" CommentCount="19" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1669" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1683" CreationDate="2013-01-06T21:23:56.250" Score="7" ViewCount="430" Body="&lt;p&gt;A person who believes the theory of relativity in physics is wrong or that he/she has a proof of Fermat's Last Theorem that uses nothing more than high school math is called a &quot;crank&quot; or &quot;crackpot&quot; in English. Is there a word for such people in Russian? I searched around and found чудак, but a native speaker I asked didn't think that was an accurate word for such people and also didn't know of a good translation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2013-01-11T06:50:36.040" Title="How to say &quot;crank&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1670" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1672" CreationDate="2013-01-06T21:43:29.147" Score="3" ViewCount="791" Body="&lt;p&gt;The terms от/до and с/в(на) are used to convey the idea &quot;from/to&quot; in different settings. Are there guidelines about when one pair is used instead of another that  would work well in practice? (Somewhat related: с/по is used for intervals of time, and if there is a reason for using по instead of до other than &quot;that's the way it is&quot;, I'd be interested to hear that too.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question came up when I thought the translation of the old movie &quot;From the Earth to the Moon&quot; would be &quot;От Земли до Луны&quot; (isn't a trip from New York to Los Angeles от Нью-Йорка до Лос-Анджелеса?) but I found out that it is С Земли  на Луну. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2013-01-06T23:46:31.560" Title="От/До and С/В(На) disambiguation" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1669" CreationDate="2013-01-06T22:03:50.107" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a wider term for promoting pseudoscientific practices - &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot;&gt;шарлатанство&lt;/a&gt; (quackery). All people who don't believe in relativity (and have an alternative theory), know how to prove Fermat's Last Theorem using only sophomoric algebra - all these people are definitely &lt;code&gt;шарлатаны&lt;/code&gt;. It's just that this term includes not only enthusiastic half-educated amateurs, who believe that their contributions are important, but malicious, deliberate rogues as well. For example, one who sells fake drugs as if it is an efficient cure is definitely a &lt;code&gt;шарлатан&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the precise equivalent, I hardly can name one, though there are some candidates. In Russian word &lt;code&gt;любитель&lt;/code&gt; (amateur) in some context has quite strong negative connotations and is used for indicating exactly those who claim to prove something wrong, but his proof is flagrantly unscientific. For example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://elementy.ru/lib/430720&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; well known speech of the Russian linguist Andrey Zaliznyak is titled &quot;О профессиональной и любительской лингвистике&quot; (&quot;On professional and amateur linguistics&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A person who just denies the achievements of modern science can be called &lt;code&gt;мракобес&lt;/code&gt;, but this is, once again, somewhat wider. For example, those who deny evolution, is, most probably &lt;code&gt;мракобес&lt;/code&gt;, but  in some cases &lt;code&gt;мракобес&lt;/code&gt; (as well as &lt;code&gt;обскурант&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;ретроград&lt;/code&gt;) is about a fanatic person who hates any kind of scientific progress at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, it's worth mentioning that among mathematicians there existed a special term for monomaniac provers of Fermat's Last Theorem: &lt;code&gt;ферматист&lt;/code&gt; (check out &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;). I've tried to recall something similar about relativist deniers, but, again, have some doubts that there exists something more universal than just &lt;code&gt;антирелятивист&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2013-01-06T22:33:50.900" LastActivityDate="2013-01-06T22:33:50.900" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1670" CreationDate="2013-01-06T23:46:31.560" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me start with the first part of your question (about terms с/по).The fact is that actually we mostly use the preposition pair с/до when talking about daytime intervals, whereas with  months and dates we use the pair с/по. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example : &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;с утра дó ночи&lt;/strong&gt;  ( from morn to night );&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;с часу до двух&lt;/strong&gt; (from 1 p.m till 2 pm);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;с вечера до полудня&lt;/strong&gt; (from evening till noon);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;с сентября по декабрь&lt;/strong&gt; (from September till December);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;с 15 по 21 марта&lt;/strong&gt; (from the 15 to the 21 of March);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This explanation is general, for more precise rule and nuances you can check this link: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://learnrussian.rt.com/grammar-tables/prepositions-to-denote-time-frames-s--po---s--do---ot--dor/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://learnrussian.rt.com/grammar-tables/prepositions-to-denote-time-frames-s--po---s--do---ot--dor/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the second pair с/на  - от/до, the usage depends on whether you mean distance or direction. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Расстояние от Земли до Луны примерно 384401 км.&lt;/strong&gt;  - The distance between the Earth and the Moon is approximately 384401 km.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Первый пилотируемый полет с Земли&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(куда?)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;на Луну состоялся в 1969 году.&lt;/strong&gt; - The first piloted flight from the Earth to the Moon was in 1969.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is,however, one more issue. There is an extra rule for usage of pairs с/на and из/в that are equivalent, but  used with different categories of nouns. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• &lt;strong&gt;towns, districts, republics, countries, states - we use the pair &quot;в-из&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;:&#xA;в Петербург - из Петербурга, в Щелковский район - из Щелковского района, в Тульскую область - из Тульской области, в Данию - из Дании etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exception&lt;/strong&gt; : на Украину. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• &lt;strong&gt;mountains, mountain areas,planets/stars/satellites,islands, peninsula - we use the pair &quot;c/на&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;: с Урала - на Урал, с Алтая - на Алтай,с Кавказа-  на Кавказ,с Венеры - на Венеру, с Луны - на Луну, с Сахалина - на Сахалин, с Ямала - на Ямал. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct way to translate &lt;strong&gt;a trip from New York to Los Angeles&lt;/strong&gt; is therefore &quot;путешествие &lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt; Нью-Йорка &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; Лос-Анджелес&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastActivityDate="2013-01-06T23:46:31.560" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="892" CreationDate="2013-01-07T21:27:04.267" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Now let's take a look at a broader scope. First, at two ancient IE languages, Sanskrit and Tocharian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The endings would be the following.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;for &lt;strong&gt;Tocharian&lt;/strong&gt; (B-dialect, which is the most ancient one):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;yamaskau = I make/do&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;yam = I go&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;nasam = I am (A-dialect)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;for &lt;strong&gt;Sanskrit&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;लट्लकार (present tense): भवामि [bhavaami] = I am [for someone else's benefit]&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;लङ्लकार (past tense):    अभवम् [abhavam] = I was [for someone else's benefit]&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;लृट्लकार (future tense): भविष्यामि [bhaviShyaami] = I will/shall be [to someone else's benefit]&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;विधैलिङ्लकार (optative): भवेयम् (bhaveyam) = I may be [to someone else's benefit]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;for &lt;strong&gt;Hittite&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;esmi = I am&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;epmi = I take&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;edmi = I eat&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;istamasmi = I hear&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and the like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a common personal ending for (Proto-)Slavic and some (non) Indo-European 1st. p. sg. present. For example, in Polish the 1st. p. sg. for present tense is a regular paradigm for a certain type of verbs (alongside with the -ę 1st person sg. for verbs of another type), e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;być (to be) =&amp;gt; ja jestem&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;czytać (to read) =&amp;gt; ja czytam&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;wiedzieć (to know) =&amp;gt; ja wiem&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Bulgarian, which, like most of languages at Balkanian area has no verb infinitives, there is also a regular м-paradigm:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;аз съм (I am)&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;аз обичам (I like/love)&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;аз искам (I want)&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;аз отварям (I open [smth])&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We might also compare this to Ghaelig grammar, e.g. the Irish&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;táim (or tá mé) = I am&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;beannaím = I bless&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or with personal prepositions at the same language:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;agam = at me/I have&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;dom = to/for me&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;fúm = concerning me&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and the like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Lithuanian, on the other hand, provides, to the best of my knowledge, almost exclusively the vowel 1st. p.sg. present ending paradigm. In general, the ancient languages provide three different paradigms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;m-paradigm, present in most of the IE-languages (either synthetically or as a result of later agglutination process, see the Irish example)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;vowel-paradigm (sometimes combined with alternative glottoral consonants) and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;n-paradigm (which is regular for modern Finnish and Estonian. e.g.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;olen = I am (same in Estonian)&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;haluan = I want (Estonian: tahan)&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;tarvitsen = I need (the Estonian structure is different, so here is another example: ma sõidan = I travel, I ride)&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;jatkan = I continue (Estonian jätkan)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cf. with ni for 1st p.sg. in Basque, Mongolian and Finnish (personal form of nouns).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T21:03:38.927" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1678" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1679" CreationDate="2013-01-07T21:36:15.727" Score="11" ViewCount="7775" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have not yet understood the difference (if any) between the terms &lt;em&gt;российский&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;русский&lt;/em&gt;. I'd like to know whether one is a special case of the other and if the use of the former is old-fashioned. (Dicctionaries only say that &lt;em&gt;российский&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;Russian&lt;/em&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2013-01-11T20:24:52.937" LastActivityDate="2013-06-06T06:59:12.107" Title="Difference between российский and русский" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1678" CreationDate="2013-01-07T21:48:47.193" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;To put it simply, &lt;em&gt;русский&lt;/em&gt; refers to something ethnically Russian, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Русский язык&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Russian language&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Русский человек&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Russian person&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Русский менталитет&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Russian mentality&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word &lt;em&gt;российский&lt;/em&gt; describes something belonging to Russia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Российский флаг&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Russian flag&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Российское правительство&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Russian government&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, &lt;em&gt;русский&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;Russian&lt;/em&gt; while &lt;em&gt;российский&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;Russia's&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in some cases you can use either word, precisely when you can use either of the two English words above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-01-07T22:03:52.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1678" CreationDate="2013-01-08T01:46:39.117" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's begin with &lt;strong&gt;российский&lt;/strong&gt;. It describes anything related to government/politics/geography/bureaucracy. Let me give some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;российский паспорт/флаг&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;российское гражданство/правительство&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;российские границы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, with geography, it is better to use the word Russia in Genitiv: &lt;strong&gt;горы России&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;поля России&lt;/strong&gt; , &lt;strong&gt;озера России&lt;/strong&gt; etc. Also it is more common to say &lt;strong&gt;история России&lt;/strong&gt; (history of Russia) than Российская история(Russian history).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Русский&lt;/strong&gt; is used in all the other cases. Just to mention something:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;national/ethnic/traditional characteristics (русский народ, русский язык, русская кухня, русские народные сказки);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;cultural aspects (русская литература/словесность, русский балет/театр, русская художественная школа);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;linguistics (русская грамматика, русский язык );&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, how did it happen that there are two adjectives? The fact is that historically our country was called Русь, the stem &lt;strong&gt;-рос-&lt;/strong&gt; and, as a consequence, the word Россия, appeared in the middle of the 15th century under Byzantine impact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;As a conlusion I'll quote a nice analogy from this forum:&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.wordreference.com/showthread.php?t=1525097&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://forum.wordreference.com/showthread.php?t=1525097&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2013-01-08T21:04:04.493" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T21:04:04.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1678" CreationDate="2013-01-08T03:20:40.207" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Российский refers the the country of Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Русский refers to the Russian ethnicity. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These things are completely separate and only by incidence have the same spelling in English. &#xA;Russian ethnicity is different from Russian citizenship. There are more than a hundred of peoples living in Russia, and the ethnic Russians constitute only about 80% of the population.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T03:20:40.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1669" CreationDate="2013-01-08T03:46:34.823" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You might also say &lt;em&gt;дилетант&lt;/em&gt; to emphasise on someone's lack of scientific knowledge and non-professionalism, although I would prefer harsher words from another semantic field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2013-01-08T21:11:27.247" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T21:11:27.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1669" CreationDate="2013-01-08T03:59:40.267" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quite often a word &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.to/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;фрик&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (borrowed from English &lt;em&gt;freak&lt;/em&gt;) is used in this context. In Russian it has the meaning of crank in scientific context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also use the word &quot;опровергатель&quot; (&quot;refuter&quot;) which can convey negative meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T03:59:40.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="406" CreationDate="2013-01-08T04:16:41.930" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Interesting enough, in Russian you use sg. gen. when counting up to four items, and pl.gen. when counting from five and more items. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;два (четыре/три) цветка / пять цветков &#xA;две (четыре/три) женщины/пять женщин&#xA;два (три/четыре) яблока / пять яблок&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This feature is most likely borrowed from Finno-Ugric languages (cf. with Finnish or some Sami languages).&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;There is also a &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;human animate plural&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; meaning a certain number of persons, like in Irish:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;пятеро (четверо/трое/двое) друзей&#xA;пятеро (четверо/трое/двое) женщин&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it is impossible to say in Russian &lt;code&gt;пятеро (четверо/трое/двое) букв&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;There is also a  set of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;human animate quantative adverbials&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; describing a quantity of persons acting  together. This paradigm is productive for up to ten persons, although the list may be extended with tens, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;вдвоем&#xA;втроем&#xA;вчетвером&#xA;впятером&#xA;вшестером&#xA;всемером&#xA;?ввосьмером (something is strange about this word)&#xA;вдевятером&#xA;вдесятером&#xA;?вдвадцатером&#xA;?втридцатером&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-19T08:31:14.083" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T08:31:14.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="617" CreationDate="2013-01-08T04:29:09.520" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no such a word as universally polite form of address to an unknown person in modern Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason is that such words are used to emphasise a polite distance, a concept being nearly extinct after the Soviet times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T04:29:09.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1686" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="914" CreationDate="2013-01-08T05:06:28.243" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To scratch the back of one's head is really iterpreted in traditional Russian discourse as a sign of misunderstanding / not understanding something, or that of a long and fruitless thinking over smth. There are also idiomatic expressions &lt;em&gt;чесать в затылке/затылок&lt;/em&gt; and therefore the expression of &quot;задний ум&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/dic_synonims/267751/%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/dic_synonims/267751/%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This expression has slightly negative overtones, although there is another dictionary giving it as an only correlate in Russian together with some more examples (in old orthography)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/michelson_old/8109/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/michelson_old/8109/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;лестничное остроумие is calqued French &lt;em&gt;l'esprit d'escalier&lt;/em&gt; with the same meaning of 'starecase wit'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the strategies are either to use English calque быть умным после события, or to use a neutral saying &#xA;осознать/обдумать событие пост-фактум&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or to use minimal syntax with prefixes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;додумать (to rethink, to have afterthouhts)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;переосмыслить (to rethink)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-01-08T18:14:04.597" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T18:14:04.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1607" CreationDate="2013-01-08T08:28:37.973" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two differences: a) time reference point and b) productivity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a time reference point, вчера, позавчера (the day before tomorrow) and even such grammatical, although not too frequently, if ever, used words as поза-позавчера, поза-поза-позавчера и т.д. correlate with сегодня/today as reference point only. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сегодня мне весело, вчера было скучно.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вчера было воскресенье. сегодня понедельник, завтра будет вторник.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Позавчера их не было дома, завтра они приедут&lt;/em&gt; (with unspoken implication on speaker asking about today).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;день назад&lt;/em&gt; correlates with any time-reference point, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Позавчера мне было весело, день назад было скучно, три дня назад меня вообще там не было.&lt;/em&gt; ( три дня назад = three days ago (from now on, or with a specific reference to any presupposed time point)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cf:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Позавчера мне весело, день (тому) назад было скучно.&lt;/em&gt; (here тому is a distant demonstrative similar to some of Finno-Ugric, e.g. Finnish &lt;em&gt;tuo&lt;/em&gt;, Komi &lt;em&gt;тайö&lt;/em&gt;). Russian speakers normally use &lt;em&gt;тому&lt;/em&gt; to emphasise that the reference point is/was/choose any matching English tense/ at distant past. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Позавчера мне было весело, день назад было скучно, три дня тому назад меня вообще там не было.&lt;/em&gt; Here &lt;em&gt;три дня тому назад&lt;/em&gt; may refer to any context-defined time reference point standing by default for день назад.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main diffrence is about productivity. &lt;em&gt;День назад&lt;/em&gt; is more productive and may refer to any number of days, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;два дня назад&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;четыре дня назад&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;десять дней назад, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hазад may be used togther with some other time measuring units as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-01-08T12:37:59.740" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T12:37:59.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1669" CreationDate="2013-01-08T14:26:23.493" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This is a separate part and a separate answer which I would not like to be confused with the  previous one. This ones deals exclusively with quantitative groups description strategies.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When referring to specific pseudo-sciences/quasi-theories, Russian speakers also use productive models derived from personal names of 'founders' referring to their followers, e.g. &lt;em&gt;лысенковцы&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;фоменковцы&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;княжениты&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-01-08T19:21:24.467" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T19:21:24.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1690" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-08T18:02:41.913" Score="5" ViewCount="9584" Body="&lt;p&gt;В современнном русском знак ударения поджидает примерно такая же судьба, что и букву ё. Тем не менее хотелось бы уточнить: предусмотрен ли это знак в  русской раскладке клавиатуры? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если да, то каким магическим сочетанием клавиш оный знак вызывается?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;О чем, на ваш взгляд, свидетельствует выход знака ударения из употребления?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-03-12T16:59:34.263" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T16:59:34.263" Title="Знак ударения (в раскладке и не только)" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;пунктуация&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;буква-ё&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-03-13T14:19:04.777" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="273" CreationDate="2013-01-08T19:20:10.083" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both 'yes' and 'no'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Yes', because the mixture of Russian Empire &lt;em&gt;канцелярит&lt;/em&gt; with calques from French and, especially, German has prevailed throughout the Soviet times, entering the legal and official language(s) of, for example, Estonia. Its modern variety has a great number of legal sovietisms these days. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any dialect or slang, or pronunciation variety (with a single exception of Moscow pronunciation, perhaps) is considered to be 'unappropriate' at any official communication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The division into three Lomonosov's 'styles', or registers, is also recognisable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'No', because any 'official language' with a legal body governing its standards requires social appreciation of 'soft skills &amp;amp; power' like arts &amp;amp; humanities, which Russian society is deprived off. Actually, the Russia itsels lacks any decent social institutions per se.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other thing is that Russian with its syntaxic flexibility adopts cognitive pattersns of other languages at perfect ease, so if someone reads a translated text its sourse language can be deduced to quite a high accuracy. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can always be told in Russian whether a source text had been written in Chinese, Arabic, English or French, even without realia and/or any personal names mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T19:20:10.083" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1692" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1690" CreationDate="2013-01-08T19:35:19.667" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Самый простой способ - скачать и установить &lt;a href=&quot;http://ilyabirman.ru/projects/typography-layout/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;раскладку Бирмана&lt;/a&gt;, в ней есть не только ударения, но и много других служебных символов. Вот &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slovomania.ru/dnevnik/2009/01/05/typolayout-2/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;рецензия&lt;/a&gt; на неё. Если нет желания её качать и ставить, можно последовать советам из &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slovomania.ru/dnevnik/2007/08/11/how-to-use-stress-sign/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;другой статьи&lt;/a&gt;, но это хлопотнее, и не во всех программах работает (комментарии там тоже почитайте). Стандартная комбинация Alt+769 (цифры набираются на цифровой клавиатуре справа) работает не везде, в Opera и MS Word работает, а, например, в Chrome - нет...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-01-08T19:35:19.667" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1693" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1690" CreationDate="2013-01-08T19:39:54.577" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы хотел знать, откуда взялось мнение, что ударение выходит из употребления.  Этот знак очень даже используется.  Этот знак можно ввести на русской клавиатуре, несмотря на то, что он не показан ни на одной из клавиш.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На маке для того, чтобы вводить этот знак, нужно пойти в System Preferences -&gt; Language and Text -&gt; Input Sources и поставить птичку на &lt;em&gt;Unicode Hex Input&lt;/em&gt; - это делается один раз.  Далее, когда нужно поставить этот знак, ставите курсор после ударной гласной, переключаетесь на этот unicode hex input и, держа нажатой кнопку &lt;em&gt;alt&lt;/em&gt;, нажимаете &lt;code&gt;0301&lt;/code&gt; - и бу́дет вам сча́стье.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На виндах нужно, держа нажатой клавишу Alt, нажать &quot;+&quot; на цифровой клавиатуре, после чего нажать &lt;code&gt;0301&lt;/code&gt; - и, опя́ть же, бу́дет вам сча́стье.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да, согласен, что это не самое весёлое развлечение - но оно работает :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Добавлено:&lt;/strong&gt; Чтобы ввести знак ударения на линункс (и вообще в большинстве X-Windows программ), нужно, прижав Ctrl+Shift, набрать u0301, после чего отпустить Ctrl и Shift - и там то́же бу́дет вам сча́стье.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-01-11T14:41:03.953" LastActivityDate="2013-01-11T14:41:03.953" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="617" CreationDate="2013-01-08T20:04:36.093" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;— Не могли бы вы мне подсказать, как пройти на улицу xxx?&#xA;— Простите, как пройти на улицу xxx? &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В русском языке мы редко употребляем &lt;em&gt;мисс&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;мистер&lt;/em&gt; (можно сказать, совсем не употребляем).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1336" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T16:02:31.733" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T16:02:31.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1695" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1697" CreationDate="2013-01-09T06:51:16.580" Score="7" ViewCount="508" Body="&lt;p&gt;Было ли у русского народа понятие об этой величине или они просто обходились словами «тепло», «прохладно» и т. д.? Ведь «температура» — заморское слово. Интересно, есть ли у него исконно русский если не синоним, то аналог?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;How did people talk about temperature before?&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did Russian people have understanding about that quantity, or they simply managed with words “warm”, “cool” &lt;em&gt;etc.&lt;/em&gt;? As you know, “temperature” is a foreign, borrowed word. Interestingly, is there indigenously Russian if not synonym, then analogue?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="441" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-07-12T13:53:18.530" LastActivityDate="2016-07-12T13:53:18.530" Title="А как раньше говорили о температуре за окном? How did people talk about temperature before?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1696" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-09T16:08:29.473" Score="5" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;When we are talking about utility buildings near or around traditional Russian dwelling (be it &lt;em&gt;izba&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;khata&lt;/em&gt;), mayhaps the first that comes to mind is the &lt;strong&gt;сени&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;seni&lt;/em&gt;) — enclosed veranda separating entrance from the porch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recently I had learned another word describing similar structure in the North of European part of Russia (Arkhangelsk region &lt;em&gt;etc.&lt;/em&gt;) — &lt;strong&gt;поветь&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;povet’&lt;/em&gt;; variants: &lt;em&gt;повет&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;povet&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;поветье&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;povet’je&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;поветка&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;povetka&lt;/em&gt;) and others). It is an annexe in the back of the house that is used not only as tool, farm implement, firewood and provision storage, but would also contain livestock (say, a cow and few hens), and even the loo, so that in harshest of winters inhabitants of the house would not even have to leave it for days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Curious, and doing some research on the topic, I came up with several questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Etymology of the first word is fairly clear: “сень” (&lt;em&gt;sen’&lt;/em&gt;) is archaic equivalent of modern “тень” (&lt;em&gt;ten’&lt;/em&gt; — shadow, shade), and in general sense as “cover, shelter”, according to Vasmer, and other dictionaries. But why specifically in plural form? Also, the form &lt;strong&gt;сенцы&lt;/strong&gt; — is it purely diminutive, or does it correspond etymologically (&lt;em&gt;i.e.&lt;/em&gt;, would one use this form with regular, non-building-related &lt;em&gt;сени&lt;/em&gt; and other similar words)?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Historically, &lt;em&gt;seni&lt;/em&gt; initially appeared in contemporary form (canopy over the porch → open veranda → enclosed/windowed veranda) or as a simple shed/tambour?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Поветь&lt;/em&gt; is more complicated. Vasmer is not clear: &lt;blockquote&gt;По мнению Миклошича, от ве́ять (зерно). Иначе (из *ро-(v)ětь, родственного слав. jаtа) объясняет это слово Мошинский.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;Taking into account that other dictionaries (Dal’, Efremova) give such meanings as “canopy, shed” or even simply “roof”, can there be any connection with the word “ветвь” (branch: such as “крыша, крытая ветками” — “roof thatched with branches”)? Are there any modern theories or research?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Several dictionaries list &lt;em&gt;повет&lt;/em&gt; as synonym to &lt;em&gt;поветь&lt;/em&gt;, yet they give different definition: administrative and territorial unit in Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Western Ukraine, &lt;em&gt;etc.&lt;/em&gt;. For this meaning Vasmer gives different etymology: &lt;blockquote&gt;Через укр. повíт из польск. роwiаt, местн. п. ед. ч. w роwiесiе – то же; см. Христиани, там же. Польск. слово связано с вита́ть.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;Now, is this related in any way?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is it fair to consider the two terms as essentially describing same structure in different dialects (at least, where &lt;em&gt;поветь&lt;/em&gt; does mean lean-to shed)?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What other regional terms are there for similar annexes?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Why some other words, such as &lt;strong&gt;клеть&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;klet’&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;чулан&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;chulan&lt;/em&gt;) и &lt;strong&gt;кладовая&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;kladovaja&lt;/em&gt;), are more flexible in usage and can mean separate room, separate outbuilding or a lean-to, or even a partition within other outbuilding or an annexe?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда мы говорим о служебных строениях возле или вокруг традиционного русского жилища (будь то изба или хата), возможно, первое, что приходит в голову, — &lt;strong&gt;сени&lt;/strong&gt; (закрытая веранда, отделяющая вход от крыльца).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Недавно я узнал другое слово, описывающее подобную структуру на севере европейской части России (Архангельская область и др.), — &lt;strong&gt;поветь&lt;/strong&gt; (варианты: &lt;em&gt;повет&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;поветье&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;поветка&lt;/em&gt; и др.). Это пристройка сзади дома, которая не только используется как хранилище инструмента, сельскохозяйственных орудий, дров и провианта, но и содержит домашний скот (скажем, корову и несколько куриц) и даже уборную, так, что даже в самые суровые зимы жильцы могли бы сидеть дома безвылазно целыми днями.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Заинтересовавшись и проведя некоторые исследования, у меня возникли следующие вопросы:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Этимология первого слова достаточно ясна: «сень» — это архаический эквивалент современного «тень» и в общем смысле как «покров, укрытие» согласно Фасмеру и другим словарям. Но почему именно в форме множественного числа? Также, форма &lt;strong&gt;сенцы&lt;/strong&gt; — это чисто уменьшительное, или оно этимологически связано (т. е., могла ли эта форма быть использована с «обычными», нестроительными &lt;em&gt;сенями&lt;/em&gt; и другими подобными словами)?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Исторически сени изначально появились в современной форме (навес над крыльцом → открытая веранда → закрытая/застеклённая веранда) или как простой сарай-тамбур?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Со &lt;em&gt;поветью&lt;/em&gt; сложнее. По Фасмеру неясно: &lt;blockquote&gt;По мнению Миклошича, от ве́ять (зерно). Иначе (из *ро-(v)ětь, родственного слав. jаtа) объясняет это слово Мошинский.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;Учитывая, что другие словари (Даль, Ефремова) дают значения как навес или даже просто крыша, может ли быть какая-либо связь со словом «ветвь» (скажем, «крыша, крытая ветками»)? Есть ли какие-либо современные теории или исследования?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Несколько словарей именуют &lt;em&gt;повет&lt;/em&gt; как синоним слова &lt;em&gt;поветь&lt;/em&gt;, но при этом они дают другое определение: административно-территориальная единица в Польше, Великом княжестве Литовском, на Зап. Украине и т. д. Для этого значения Фасмер даёт другую этимологию: &lt;blockquote&gt;Через укр. повíт из польск. роwiаt, местн. п. ед. ч. w роwiесiе – то же; см. Христиани, там же. Польск. слово связано с вита́ть.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;Это как-то связано?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Разумно ли рассматривать эти два термина как по-существу описывающие одну и туже структуру в разных диалектах (по крайней мере, где &lt;em&gt;поветь&lt;/em&gt; означает пристройку или сарай)?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Какие другие региональные термины существуют для подобных пристроек?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Почему некоторые другие слова, такие как &lt;strong&gt;клеть&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;чулан&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;кладовая&lt;/strong&gt;, более гибкие в использовании и могут означать отдельную комнату, отдельное строение или пристройку или даже отделение в другом строении или пристройке?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-01-09T21:19:32.200" LastActivityDate="2013-01-11T02:22:49.760" Title="Traditional utility outbuildings and annexes: etymology, patterns, and geogrpaphical differences" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1697" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1695" CreationDate="2013-01-09T17:24:56.607" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Греческий корень &lt;em&gt;термос&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;θερμός&lt;/em&gt;), в таких словах как &lt;em&gt;термометр&lt;/em&gt;, является родственным английскому &lt;em&gt;warm&lt;/em&gt; и русским &lt;em&gt;жар&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;жара&lt;/em&gt;. Они все происходят от &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;праиндоевропейского&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ġhu̯ermos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — «тёплый».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом, значением слова &lt;em&gt;термометр&lt;/em&gt; было «измерение теплоты». В этом понимании русские могли использовать слово «жара»: &lt;em&gt;большая жара&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;небольшая жара&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сильно жарко&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;не сильно жарко&lt;/em&gt;. Зимой они могли также использовать слово «холод»: &lt;em&gt;сильно холодно&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;не сильно холодно&lt;/em&gt;. Так, я предполагаю, у них было понятие степеней тепла и холода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Первый термометр появился в Италии в первой половине XVII века, поэтому до этого русские, также как любые другие народы, не имели возможности точно измерять степень тепла или холода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Greek root &lt;em&gt;thermos&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;θερμός&lt;/em&gt;), as in &lt;em&gt;thermometer&lt;/em&gt;, is a cognate to English &lt;em&gt;warm&lt;/em&gt; and Russian &lt;em&gt;жар&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;жара&lt;/em&gt;. They all derive from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;PIE&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ġhu̯ermos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — “warm&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus the meaning of &lt;em&gt;thermometer&lt;/em&gt; was “measure of warmth”. In this meaning Russians could use the word “жара” — “heat”: &lt;em&gt;большая жара&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;небольшая жара&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сильно жарко&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;не сильно жарко&lt;/em&gt; (high/not high temperature). In the winter they could similarly use the word ”холод”: &lt;em&gt;сильно холодно&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;не сильно холодно&lt;/em&gt;. So I suppose they had an idea of degree of warmth and an idea of degree of cold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first thermometer appeared in Italy during first half of XVII century, so before that time the Russians as well as any other peoples had no possibility to measure degree of warmth or cold precisely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-01-12T09:10:59.197" LastActivityDate="2013-01-12T09:10:59.197" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1698" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1699" CreationDate="2013-01-10T06:32:05.927" Score="8" ViewCount="3425" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как назвать принимающую сторону — человека, организацию — по отношению к её гостю? Слово «хозяин», мне кажется, здесь не подходит. Например, английский язык в этом случае чётко различает два перевода слова «хозяин»: &lt;em&gt;owner&lt;/em&gt; (владелец чего-то) и &lt;em&gt;host&lt;/em&gt; (владелец чего-то, принимающий гостей в данный момент). Так вот, есть ли в русском языке, может быть, хорошо забытое слово, которое точно соответствует этой последней роли?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="441" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-01-10T16:14:13.403" LastActivityDate="2019-04-01T17:47:59.037" Title="Антоним для слова «гость»?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1698" CreationDate="2013-01-10T12:46:06.170" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Короткий ответ - у слова &lt;code&gt;гость&lt;/code&gt; антонима нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если взять в целом - таких слов множество, очень часто эти слова многозначны как в данном случае &lt;code&gt;гость&lt;/code&gt; может означать посетителя приглашенного к определенному лицу, так и в случае с используемым в интернете словом &lt;code&gt;гость&lt;/code&gt; - бесправным/не совершившим аутентификации пользователем. У каждого значения слова может быть свой антоним, а так же его может и не быть вовсе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Итак я приведу 3 известных значения слова гость и возможные антонимы:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Бесправный/не аутентифицированный пользователь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Приезжая спортивная команда которая играет против родной - &lt;code&gt;команда - гость&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Постороннее лицо, приглашенное присутствовать на собрании, заседании, празднестве, лицо приглашенное остаться на ночлег/беседу в дом/квартиру&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Их антонимы:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Администратор&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Хозяин (Команда - хозяин)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Хозяин места пребывания&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не смотря на то, что нет прямого антонима слову &lt;code&gt;гость&lt;/code&gt;, возможно использовать словосочетание &lt;code&gt;хозяин &amp;lt;места пребывания&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S.&#xA;К комментарию @krokoziabla&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;@shabunc А представьте ситуацию. Вы знакомитесь на улице с человеком и&#xA;  узнаёте, что он приезжий и гостит у кого-то. Если вы спросите: &quot;Кто же&#xA;  ваши хозяева?&quot;, то, возможно, человек обидится, не так ли? :-) –&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы спросите &quot;У кого Вы гостите?&quot; или &quot;У кого Вы остаетесь&quot;, а в случае, если хотите использовать слово &lt;code&gt;хозяин&lt;/code&gt; - &quot;Кто хозяин &amp;lt;места&gt; где вы остались/остаетесь&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1340" LastEditorUserId="1340" LastEditDate="2013-01-10T12:57:39.960" LastActivityDate="2013-01-10T12:57:39.960" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1698" CreationDate="2013-01-10T15:42:44.527" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Хозяин&quot; most often means either master or host. It is rarely used for owner (&quot;владелец&quot;). At best &quot;хозяин&quot; may mean a person who currently uses a thing whether he a legal owner or not (consider &quot;Неожиданно оказалось, что хозяин машины не является ее владельцем&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, &lt;em&gt;хозяин&lt;/em&gt; is the best antonym. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider also that &lt;em&gt;хозяин&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;гость&lt;/em&gt; are cognates derived from the same PIE root ghest- (similarly to &lt;em&gt;guest&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;host&lt;/em&gt;): for instance, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ghostis&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; meant a person in reciprocal guest-host relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2019-04-01T17:47:59.037" LastActivityDate="2019-04-01T17:47:59.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="83" CreationDate="2013-01-10T23:12:16.033" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;About a tenth of total population of Israel can speak Russian, especially in East Jerusalem and other disputed territories where Israeli government settles the new immigrants. In some shops and supermarkets the staff is required to know Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian is also widespead in many Arab countries, especially, Egypt and Syria but also Jordan and the Palestine territories. Several factors had contributed to this: the cooperation with the Soviet Union, the Soviet staff and advisers to these countries, the fact that many of the specialists of those countries were studying in Soviet universities. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also many Russian women dream of a marriage with an Arab man. Only in Syria there are up to 10000 Russian women married local men (with about a total of 30000 Russian citizens living in the country not counting the staff of the Russian naval base in Tartus). The number possibly as high in Egypt. In Jordan and the Palestinian territories the number is also high.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other women go for sex tourism for which the preferred destinations are again Egypt and Turkey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general in many other tourist destinations you will be able to encounter services or other tourists speaking in Russian. It is quite common in Thailand for the staff of hotels and restaurants speak Russian and provide a Russian menu.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-01-10T23:12:16.033" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1696" CreationDate="2013-01-11T02:22:49.760" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;В литературном и разговорном украинском языке тоже есть слово &lt;code&gt;повітка&lt;/code&gt;, точно соответствует русскому &lt;code&gt;повѣтка&lt;/code&gt;, слово до сих пор широко употребляется. Моя бабушка так называла капитальную постройку во дворе, в одной половине её держали коз, в другой хранили уголь, дрова, сено, огородный инвентарь. Кстати, &quot;Етимологічний словник української мови в 7 т.&quot; тоже склонен к тому, чтобы выводить это слово от &lt;code&gt;*роvětiti&lt;/code&gt; - &quot;покрыть ветками&quot;. Смотрите &lt;a href=&quot;http://litopys.org.ua/djvu/etymolog_slovnyk_tom4.djvu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;том 4, стр. 469&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-01-11T02:22:49.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1669" CreationDate="2013-01-11T06:50:36.040" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;В среде математиков было выражение &quot;ферматист&quot; для людей свихнувшихся на идее доказать великую теорему Ферма....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1270" LastActivityDate="2013-01-11T06:50:36.040" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1704" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-11T13:54:22.800" Score="3" ViewCount="702" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had a conversation with my Russian-speaking friend and he used this phrase to describe his impressions of the newly purchased rifle.&#xA;&quot;Я тут паре типов своих показал его. Они выпали с аппарата.&quot;&#xA;I barely understand that he show the rifle, but the other part is complete mystery to me.&#xA;Is this some slang gibberish?&#xA;What the meaning of this phrase?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1098" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2014-10-22T14:02:52.320" LastActivityDate="2014-10-28T04:37:23.867" Title="Meaning of &quot;они выпали с аппарата&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1704" CreationDate="2013-01-11T14:17:34.110" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's slang all right, but it's not gibberish. Without seeing the context, it can be roughly translated something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I showed it to a couple of my mates.  They were totally stumped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Note that I am using &lt;em&gt;showed &lt;strong&gt;it&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, as you mentioned a rifle in there).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word &lt;em&gt;тип&lt;/em&gt;, apart from its main meaning &lt;em&gt;type&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;kind&lt;/em&gt; is also used to refer to a person, usually in a somewhat derogatory manner, and usually a man, e.g. &lt;em&gt;подозрительный тип&lt;/em&gt; could be translated as &lt;em&gt;twitchy bloke&lt;/em&gt; (although word-for-word means &lt;em&gt;suspicious man&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Выпасть с аппарата&lt;/em&gt; is one of a large number of slang phrases meaning to be totally stumped.  Some other ones you may encounter are &lt;em&gt;выпасть в осадок&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;офигеть&lt;/em&gt; и т д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-01-12T21:28:42.900" LastActivityDate="2013-01-12T21:28:42.900" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1704" CreationDate="2013-01-11T22:10:47.377" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Я тут паре типов своих показал его. Они выпали с аппарата.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand, the OP author understands the first sentence (though barely). Just in case I will still explain it: In this context &quot;типы&quot; - means &quot;guys&quot;, &quot;своих&quot; means that the speaker knew them before. &quot;Тут&quot; rather means &quot;recently&quot; than &quot;here&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second sentence is more interesting. It looks like it is a new kind of slang. &quot;Аппарат&quot; in this context means &quot;летательный аппарат&quot;, so the literal meaning of the phrase is that &quot;they fell down from the plane&quot;. &quot;Аппарат&quot; on the pilot's slang meant &quot;plane&quot; since long time ago. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://z25t.ru/stats/46-slovar-aviacionnogo-zhargona-slenga.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for example, in the end of &quot;Жаргонные фразы&quot; section. In 2009 there was a stunning &lt;a href=&quot;http://omskpress.ru/news/3837/pilot_vypal_iz_apparata/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;news&lt;/a&gt; that in Omsk region one of pilots of a glider used for agricultural spraying fell down from the plane when the plane was 300 meters above the ground. Here we can see that newspapers use jargon words (&quot;аппарат&quot;) as if they were common use.&#xA;The news was &lt;a href=&quot;http://delta.wtr.ru/archive/1520.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;discussed&lt;/a&gt; on internet quite a lot and in person I guess, too. So, most likely it was then when it entered the youth's slang. The meaning of the internet discussion is that it is hardly possible to fall down from the glider because there are a lot of safety features. Pilots do not fall from the plane normally. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the phrase entered the slang it changed its meaning from literal to figurative. Something like: &quot;they were so amazed that totally lost control and fell from the plane&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-01-12T16:13:33.197" LastActivityDate="2013-01-12T16:13:33.197" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1707" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-12T06:24:17.050" Score="4" ViewCount="917" Body="&lt;p&gt;Max Vasmer’s &lt;em&gt;Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch&lt;/em&gt; is the etymological source to go for Russian language, as it seems. But I am having hard time finding English version of it in the West. Popular internet retailers carry only German or Russian versions, the library resources (via &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Max%20Vasmer&amp;amp;dblist=638&amp;amp;fq=ap%3a%22vasmer,%20max%22&amp;amp;qt=facet_ap&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;WorldCat&lt;/a&gt;) are very scarce for books clearly printed in English-speaking countries. Other alternatives such as Terence Wade’s &lt;em&gt;Russian Etymological Dictionary&lt;/em&gt; (London, 1996) seem to be a pale shadow of Vasmer (in Wade’s case it’s 1500 words to Vasmer’s 18 000 or so).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there English translation of Vasmer’s dictionary (with or without Trubachjov’s addendum)? If not, what do English-speaking academics, philologists and linguists use when studying Russian etymology? Are they expected to know Russian fluently so that they can read the Russian version?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastActivityDate="2013-01-12T06:44:40.550" Title="Vasmer’s dictionary in English or other alternatives" Tags="&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1707" CreationDate="2013-01-12T06:44:40.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The biggest one I could find is &lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1770833005&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian Etymological Dictionary&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Orel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Vladimir Orel&lt;/a&gt;, in 4 volumes, published in 2011. I hope it will suit all your needs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-01-12T06:44:40.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1709" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1711" CreationDate="2013-01-13T09:45:48.970" Score="4" ViewCount="257" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could anybody explain to me why Южно-Африканская Республика is written with a hyphen? I thought a hyphen was a sort of replacement for и, meaning that the two parts of the word are of equal relation to the following noun. For example сине-красный купальник. However, in Южно-Африканская Республика the word южный relates to Africa rather than to Republic, just as in центральноевропейское время central defines the part of Europe, not time. Why is then spelling different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T11:51:58.190" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T21:25:31.080" Title="Южно-Африканская Республика vs. Центральноевропейское время" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1710" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-13T10:19:09.453" Score="2" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Possible Duplicate:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/833/resources-for-learning-russian&quot;&gt;Resources for learning Russian&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am interested in learning the Russian language. Where I live, there isn't any institution that teaches the Russian language (that's a big  problem). How can I start and have correct pronunciation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1343" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2013-01-25T09:11:38.530" Title="How can I begin to learn the Russian language?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2013-01-13T12:36:51.770" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1709" CreationDate="2013-01-13T14:00:31.423" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Южно-Африканская&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;центральноевропейское&lt;/em&gt; are adjectives. There are &lt;a href=&quot;http://therules.ru/hyphen-adjectives/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the rules&lt;/a&gt; that govern when adjectives are written with a hyphen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Центральноевропейское&lt;/em&gt; is written in one according to the rule of 80.3, because it is formed by the base &lt;em&gt;Центральная Европа&lt;/em&gt; and used as a term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Южно-Африканская Республика&lt;/em&gt; is written with a hyphen according to the rule of 81.4, because it is a geographic name starts with &lt;em&gt;южно-&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know why this rule exists, perhaps it is one of many exceptions. There is common mistake when &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Южноафриканская Республика&lt;/a&gt; is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other examples: южноафриканское время, южноафриканская лисица, Южно-Американская плита.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr/&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слова &lt;em&gt;Южно-Африканская&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;центральноевропейское&lt;/em&gt; - это прилагательные. &lt;a href=&quot;http://therules.ru/hyphen-adjectives/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Вот правила&lt;/a&gt;, когда прилагательные пишутся через дефис.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По правилу 80.3 слово &lt;em&gt;центральноевропейское&lt;/em&gt; пишется слитно, так как образовано от двух слов &lt;em&gt;Центральная Европа&lt;/em&gt; и используется как термин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По правилу 81.4 &lt;em&gt;Южно-Африканская Республика&lt;/em&gt; пишется через дефис, так как это географическое название, начинающееся с &lt;em&gt;южно-&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему появилось такое правило сказать не могу, видимо это одно из многих исключений. Так что часто встречается ошибка, когда пишут &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Южноафриканская Республика&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Другие примеры применения этих правил: южноафриканское время, южноафриканская лисица, Южно-Американская плита.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1342" LastEditorUserId="1958" LastEditDate="2014-06-30T21:25:31.080" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T21:25:31.080" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1709" CreationDate="2013-01-13T16:53:05.657" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Южно-Африканская&lt;/em&gt; (as in &lt;em&gt;Южно-Африканская Республика&lt;/em&gt;) is a part of a proper name. Both parts should start with a capital and be separated with a hyphen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Центральноевропейское&lt;/em&gt; (as in &lt;em&gt;центральноевропейское время&lt;/em&gt;) is not a part of a proper name, and hence is written as a one word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ботсвана — небольшая южноафриканская республика, граничащая с Южно-Африканской Республикой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Центрально-Европейский университет находится в Будапеште. Занятия в нём начинаются в 8 часов по центральноевропейскому времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-01-13T16:53:05.657" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1714" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1017" CreationDate="2013-01-13T19:56:23.267" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;the 'icy ripple on the cold water of canal' literally does mean something which can be felt by touch. The charecter ponders suicide and the 'icy touch' of the could waters, but rejects the idea because he thinks that everything will be repeated anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2013-01-13T19:56:23.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1717" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1720" CreationDate="2013-01-14T06:14:08.183" Score="12" ViewCount="1777" Body="&lt;p&gt;Математик возвращается домой очень уставший, сердитый, и говорит жене:&#xA;– Какая ты у меня компактная!&#xA;– Что маленькая и миленькая?&#xA;– Нет замкнутая и ограниченная.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand the joke, but I specifically don't understand what &quot;у меня&quot; means in this case (I know what it means in general), and was wondering why it is necessary at all. The sentence makes perfect sense without &quot;у меня&quot; as well, no?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1349" LastActivityDate="2016-09-17T21:47:14.043" Title="What does the construction &quot;У меня&quot; mean in this joke?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1718" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1729" CreationDate="2013-01-14T06:21:24.737" Score="5" ViewCount="1322" Body="&lt;p&gt;When asking someone where they live, why is &quot;Куда&quot; used in the question instead of &quot;Где&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As in why &quot;Откуда вы?&quot; instead of, say, &quot;Вы от где?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, where else can you use &quot;откуда&quot; instead of &quot;где&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1349" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2013-02-26T09:51:08.880" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T18:02:34.557" Title="Why &quot;откуда&quot; is used instead of &quot;где&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1719" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1722" CreationDate="2013-01-14T06:30:20.777" Score="16" ViewCount="11042" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that the difference between  &quot;щ&quot; and &quot;ш&quot; is (roughly) the difference between &quot;shya-&quot; and &quot;sha-&quot;. But how do you differentiate &quot;щ&quot; and &quot;шь&quot;? For example, I always differentiated, for example &quot;н&quot; and &quot;нь&quot; as &quot;na-&quot; and &quot;nya-&quot;. By that logic, to me,  &quot;щ&quot; and &quot;шь&quot; sound the same when I pronounce it. Its probably not a very important distinction in practical usage, but I still want to understand why the sounds are different. If anyone can find an audio/video clip illustrating the difference, it would be great!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1349" LastActivityDate="2013-01-17T08:54:25.583" Title="Difference in pronunciation between &quot;щ&quot; and &quot;шь&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1717" CreationDate="2013-01-14T06:43:11.710" Score="24" Body="&lt;p&gt;The guy uses &quot;у меня&quot;, because the woman is &lt;em&gt;his&lt;/em&gt; wife, it's typical for a couple to speak that way, it brings in intimacy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, the expression is not &quot;у меня&quot;, it is &quot;ты у меня&quot;, &quot;you, belonging to me&quot;, roughly &quot;my dear&quot;. It's usually used while complimenting, prasing your spouse, like &quot;Какая ты у меня красивая!&quot; - &quot;How beautiful you are, my dear!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This expression is used in the joke to make it more funny, the expression makes the husband's words sound like a praise, but actually they are mockery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-01-14T07:34:13.747" LastActivityDate="2013-01-14T07:34:13.747" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1719" CreationDate="2013-01-14T07:12:07.467" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The thing is that &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt; is usually &lt;em&gt;(see exceptions in comments)&lt;/em&gt; hard (&lt;code&gt;sha&lt;/code&gt; in your system), even when soft sign &lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt; comes after it (&lt;code&gt;делаешь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;тушь&lt;/code&gt; are pronounced exactly how they would be pronounced without ending &lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt;). Note situations like this: in word &lt;code&gt;шип&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; does not make &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt; soft, &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt; turns &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; into &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt; in pronunciation.  And 'щ' is usually soft (&lt;code&gt;shya&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This table is shown to students in primary school:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wq2Ov.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Russian alphabet phonetic table&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Look at the consonants (the cyan section) -- green letters are always soft (&lt;code&gt;щ&lt;/code&gt; is green), blue letters are always hard (&lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt; is blue). Two-colored letters have both hard and soft sounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="414" LastEditorUserId="414" LastEditDate="2013-01-17T08:54:25.583" LastActivityDate="2013-01-17T08:54:25.583" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1719" CreationDate="2013-01-14T07:26:01.370" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;The point is there are at least 2 ways &lt;code&gt;щ&lt;/code&gt; can be pronounced and there is no difference in the pronunciation between &lt;code&gt;шь&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, let us have a look at &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt;. This sound is different from the English &quot;sh&quot; in the word &quot;ship&quot; in that respect, that it is non-palatalized, it is always 'hard' (Russian 'твёрдый'). The fact, that &lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt; is written after it in the 2nd person singular preset tense verbs (пишешь) and in feminine nouns ending in &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt; (мышь) must not confuse you, this &lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt; is just an orthographic convention, it does not influence the pronunciation of &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt; is always non-palatalized&lt;/strong&gt;. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet&quot;&gt;IPA&lt;/a&gt; symbol for the English 'sh' is /ʃ/ and for the Russian 'ш' is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_sibilant&quot;&gt;/ʂ/&lt;/a&gt;, it is a retroflex consonant (you can listen to the sound there).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;code&gt;щ&lt;/code&gt;, it is a &lt;strong&gt;long&lt;/strong&gt; alveopalatal consonant, IPA symbol for it is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_sibilant&quot;&gt;/ɕː/&lt;/a&gt; (you can listen to the sound there, and there is also the sound for the Russian word 'счастье' in which 'сч' is pronounced as 'щ'). Roughly speaking, in Standard Russian it is pronounced like the English 'shsh' in the phrase 'the dish she likes'. Some people pronounce &lt;code&gt;щ&lt;/code&gt; as 'шч', but this pronunciation is considered obsolete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, remember, that Russian orthography is rather tricky, the /ʂ/ sound can be spelled as ш, ж, с, з, and the /ɕː/ sound as щ, сч, шч, зщ, сщ, жд. The word 'дождь' can be pronounced as 'дощ' or as 'дошть'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-01-14T07:26:01.370" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1718" CreationDate="2013-01-14T09:44:54.617" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me try :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would suggest to understand the difference this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Где&quot; - just &quot;where&quot;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Куда&quot; - could be interpreted closely to &quot;where&#xA;&lt;em&gt;to&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. I assume that using this word you imply some place like destination.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Куда ты идёшь? Where &lt;em&gt;to&lt;/em&gt; are you going? (Where are you going to?)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Где ты идёшь? Where are you going &lt;em&gt;at the moment&lt;/em&gt; (imagine a situation when you are talking on the phone and your friend asks you where are you)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct me if I am wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1348" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2013-01-14T11:34:12.753" LastActivityDate="2013-01-14T11:34:12.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1718" CreationDate="2013-01-14T09:55:31.120" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Откуда?&quot; means &quot;where from?&quot; and &quot;where?&quot; means &quot;где?&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Где моя книга? - Where is my book? &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Откуда вы? - Where are you from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1350" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2013-01-14T10:02:41.420" LastActivityDate="2013-01-14T10:02:41.420" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1719" CreationDate="2013-01-14T09:58:16.030" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ш&quot; is equal to &quot;sh&quot;. And &quot;Щ&quot; is something between &quot;th&quot; and &quot;sh&quot;. When you spell &quot;Щ&quot; your tongue is more close to teeth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1350" LastActivityDate="2013-01-14T09:58:16.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1017" CreationDate="2013-01-14T10:02:06.397" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;This poem is part of the sub-cycle &lt;em&gt;Пляски смерти&lt;/em&gt; (“Dances of Death”: reference to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danse_Macabre&quot;&gt;the medieval allegory on universality of death&lt;/a&gt;). In it author pictures specific place in Saint Petersburg: the corner of &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bolshaya Zelenina&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; street and &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%28%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%29&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Koltovskaya&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; embankment near &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Krestovsky&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; bridge from &lt;em&gt;Petrogradskaya storona&lt;/em&gt; across &lt;em&gt;Malaya Nevka&lt;/em&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krestovsky_Island&quot;&gt;Krestovsky island&lt;/a&gt;. The apothecary was located in house number 44. There is a reason for such specificity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Likhachov’s Interpretation&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Famous academician, philologist &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Likhachov&quot;&gt;D. S. Likhachov&lt;/a&gt; writes in his book “Literature-Reality-Literature” (1981):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;…before the wooden bridge over to Krestovsky island […] at the corner to the left he showed me an apothecary and said that Blok was always concrete in his poetry (same was often repeated by A. A. Blok’s cousin — G. P. Blok) and in the poem “Night, street and streetlight, drugstore…” he meant exactly this apothecary. Blok loved to walk here, loved Petrogradskaya side in general, even after he settled down on Officers’ [side].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likhachov goes on to explain that this desolate bridge at (then) outskirts of Petersburg attracted suicides, who were sometimes rescued and brought into the apothecary for the first aid. The shore was then low, unlike the modern high embankment, which provided for a certain picture:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Coloured lights of the apothecary, and the kerosene street lamp standing near the entry to the bridge reflected in the water of Malaya Nevka. “The Apothecary of Self-Murderers” had overturned reflection in the water; low bank without a granite embankment sort of bisected two-fold body of the apothecary: the real one, and overturned in the water, “mortal”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further author describes the symmetry of the quatrains, then continues:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In this poem its content in a marvellous way merged with its structure. The reflection depicted in overturned form of the street, streetlamp, apothecary. This reflection is reflected (I intentionally repeat paronymous words — “reflection reflected”) in the structure of the poem, and the theme of death appears to be meaningless reverse reflection of the life spent: “There’s no way out”. Posthumous life as overturned and caricatural repetition of life — usual motif of the folklore. […] Everything is the same, but everything is not real, reflected, devoid of genuine substance and meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Eternal Recurrence&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likhachov insists on his interpretation, contradictory to Maximov’s (another noted philologist):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In his excellent commentary on the poem &lt;em&gt;Night, Street…&lt;/em&gt; D. E. Maximov writes about “the gloomy symbols of the nocturnal city”. However, from my point of view, this poem is not “about frightful, reverberating, prosaic world” (p. 113), but phantasmal recurrence of life and death. Symmetry of the structure of this poem is not vertical, but with a horisontal axis — axis of the bank separating life above from the death below, in the icy water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here I am in no position to argue with esteemed academicians, but both variants, as it seems to me (for my philosophical knowledge is rather limited), this way or another correspond to the fact that Blok was playing with Nietzsche’s ideas (see Papernyj), including the idea of eternal recurrence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Was the Water Frozen?&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If for Likhachov idea of reflection was central, translators did not ponder over the state of the water too much. Alex Cigale &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.albany.edu/offcourse/issue41/cigale_translations6.html#blok&quot;&gt;translates&lt;/a&gt; the phrase in question so:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;…the canal’s rippled icy surface&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Y. Bonver &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.poetryloverspage.com/yevgeny/blok/night_streets_lantern.html&quot;&gt;translates&lt;/a&gt; differently (at that ignoring author’s symmetry for the sake of more convenient rhyme):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Swell of the canal in the night&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering that poem was dated 10&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; of October (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates&quot;&gt;O.S.&lt;/a&gt;), and, therefore, 23&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; of October (N.S.), &lt;a href=&quot;http://thermograph.ru/arc/y_1912-st_26063-m_10.htm&quot;&gt;historical data about temperature&lt;/a&gt; shows that for the several days prior to 23&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; the temperature was staying around 0°C during the day and below at night, therefore it is possible that Malaya Nevka could have been at least partially covered with fresh ice. However, given the winds, and the tide, it is highly unlikely the river would be frozen solid in a couple of days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Bibliography&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Likhachov, D. S. &lt;em&gt;Literature-Reality-Literature&lt;/em&gt;. Leningrad, 1981. Excerpt “From the commentary to the poem of A. Blok ‘Night, Street and Streetlamp, Drugstore…’” taken from the Likhachov’s Fund website (&lt;a href=&quot;http://likhachev.lfond.spb.ru/articles.htm&quot;&gt;articles&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Maksimov, D. E. &lt;em&gt;Poetry and Prose of A. Blok&lt;/em&gt;. Leningrad, 1975.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Papernyj, V. M. “Blok and Nietzsche”. Via &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruthenia.ru/document/537613.html&quot;&gt;ruthenia.ru&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shifrin, M. “Hundred Years of the Famous Blok’s Poem”, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/blogs/Shifrin/1623.php&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Around the World&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это стихотворение является частью под-цикла «Пляски смерти» (ссылка на &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8&quot;&gt;средневековый аллегорический сюжет всеобщности смерти&lt;/a&gt;). В нём автор изображает определённое место в Петербурге: угол &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot;&gt;Большой Зеленина улицы&lt;/a&gt; и &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%28%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%29&quot;&gt;Колтовской набережной&lt;/a&gt; рядом с &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82&quot;&gt;Крестовским мостом&lt;/a&gt; с Петроградской стороны через Малую Невку на &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krestovsky_Island&quot;&gt;Крестовский остров&lt;/a&gt;. Аптека находилась в доме №44. Такая точность неспроста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Интерпретация Лихачёва&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Знамениный академик, филолог &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%91%D0%B2,_%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot;&gt;Д. С. Лихачёв&lt;/a&gt; пишет в своей книге «Литература-реальность-литература» (1981):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;…перед деревянным мостом на Крестовский остров, […] на углу слева он показал мне аптеку и сказал, что Блок всегда конкретен в своей поэзии (то же обычно повторял и двоюродный брат А. А. Блока — Г. П. Блок) и в стихотворении «Ночь, улица, фонарь, аптека…» имел в виду именно эту аптеку. Блок любил здесь гулять, любил Петроградскую сторону вообще, даже после того как поселился на Офицерской.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лихачёв продолжает, объясняя, что этот пустынный мост на тогдашней окраине Петербурга привлекал самоубийц, которых иногда спасали и приносили в аптеку для оказания первой помощи. Берег был тогда низким, не таким как современная высокая набережная, что представляло определённую картину:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Цветные огни аптеки и стоявший у въезда на мост керосиновый фонарь отражались в воде Малой Невки. «Аптека самоубийц» имела опрокинутое отражение в воде; низкий берег без гранитной набережной как бы разрезал двойное тело аптеки: реальное и опрокинутое в воде, «смертное».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Далее автор описывает симметрию четверостиший, затем продолжает:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В этом стихотворении содержание его удивительным образом слито с его построением.&#xA;  Изображено отражение в опрокинутом виде улицы, фонаря, аптеки. Это отражение отражено (я намеренно повторяю однокоренные слова — «отражение отражено») в построении стихотворения, а тема смерти оказывается бессмысленным обратным отражением прожитой жизни: «Исхода нет». Посмертная жизнь как опрокинутое и карикатурное повторение жизни — обычный для фольклора мотив. […] Всё — то же, но всё ненастоящее, отражённое, лишённое подлинного содержания и смысла.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Вечное возвращение&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лихачёв настаивает на своей интерпретации, противоречащей Максимову (другому известному филологу):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В своём прекрасном истолковании стихотворения «Ночь, улица…» Д. Е. Максимов пишет об «угрюмых символах ночного города». Впрочем, с моей точки зрения, стихотворение это не «о страшном, повторяющемся, прозаическом мире» (с. 113), а о призрачном повторении жизни и смерти. Симметрия построения этого стихотворения не вертикальная, а с горизонтальной осью — осью берега, отделяющего жизнь наверху от смерти внизу, в ледяной воде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь я уже никак не могу спорить с академиками, однако оба варианта, как мне кажется (ибо мои философские познания весьма ограничены), так или иначе соответствуют тому, что Блок играл с идеями Ницше (см. Паперный), включая идею вечного возвращения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Была ли вода замёрзшей?&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если для Лихачёва идея отражения была центральной, переводчики сильно не задумывались о состоянии воды. Alex Cigale &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.albany.edu/offcourse/issue41/cigale_translations6.html#blok&quot;&gt;переводит&lt;/a&gt; фразу под вопросом так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;…the canal’s rippled icy surface&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Е. Бонвер &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.poetryloverspage.com/yevgeny/blok/night_streets_lantern.html&quot;&gt;переводит&lt;/a&gt; иначе (при этом игнорируя авторскую симметрию в пику более удобной рифмы):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Swell of the canal in the night&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Учитывая, что поэма датирована 10 октября по старому стилю, а, значит, 23 октября по новому, &lt;a href=&quot;http://thermograph.ru/arc/y_1912-st_26063-m_10.htm&quot;&gt;исторические данные о температуре воздуха&lt;/a&gt; показывают, что несколько дней перед 23-м температура держалась около нуля днём и ниже нуля ночью, поэтому вероятно, что Малая Невка могла быть хотя бы частично покрыта свежим льдом. Тем не менее, учитывая ветра и прилив, весьма маловероятно, что река была бы полностью скована льдом за пару дней.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Библиография&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Лихачёв, Д. С. &lt;em&gt;Литература-реальность-литература&lt;/em&gt;. Л. 1981. Отрывок «Из комментария к стихотворению А. Блока „Ночь, улица, фонарь, аптека…”» взят с сайта Фонда им. Д. С. Лихачёва (&lt;a href=&quot;http://likhachev.lfond.spb.ru/articles.htm&quot;&gt;статьи&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Максимов, Д. Е. &lt;em&gt;Поэзия и проза Ал. Блока&lt;/em&gt;. Л. 1975.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Паперный, В. М. «Блок и Ницше». Через &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruthenia.ru/document/537613.html&quot;&gt;ruthenia.ru&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Шифрин, М. «Сто лет знаменитому стихотворению Блока», &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/blogs/Shifrin/1623.php&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вокруг света&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-01-25T03:03:28.357" LastActivityDate="2013-01-25T03:03:28.357" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1718" CreationDate="2013-01-14T18:28:56.540" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English the word &lt;code&gt;where&lt;/code&gt; has two meanings: place and direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Where are you? - place&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Where are you going? - direction&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian there are two separate words for these meanings: &lt;code&gt;где&lt;/code&gt; for place and &lt;code&gt;куда&lt;/code&gt; for direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Где вы?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Куда вы идёте?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason that &amp;quot;Where are you from?&amp;quot; is translated as &amp;quot;Откуда вы?&amp;quot; is that there is an implied direction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where did you &lt;em&gt;come from&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Откуда вы &lt;em&gt;приехали&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T18:02:34.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1730" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1732" CreationDate="2013-01-14T18:42:09.207" Score="7" ViewCount="478" Body="&lt;p&gt;Context: We invited a celebrity a while ago and want to follow up by sending him an email showing our gratitude.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1349" LastActivityDate="2013-01-15T11:45:57.847" Title="Как сказать &quot;Thank you for honoring us by coming&quot; по-русски?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1731" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1730" CreationDate="2013-01-14T19:15:08.247" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Огромное спасибо, что Вы пришли, это большая честь для нас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="414" LastEditorUserId="414" LastEditDate="2013-01-14T19:30:28.943" LastActivityDate="2013-01-14T19:30:28.943" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1730" CreationDate="2013-01-14T19:56:15.193" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;A relatively direct translation would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Спасибо, что почтили нас своим присутствием.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this is is a relatively old form of expressing gratitude for a visit. A more modern way would be something along these lines:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Благодарим вас за честь, которую Вы оказали нам посещением нашего вечера (нашего концерта, нашей презентации, и так далее).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above translates literally as &quot;We are thanking you for the honor that you made us by visiting our event (our concert, our presentation, and so on).&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="426" LastEditDate="2013-01-15T11:45:57.847" LastActivityDate="2013-01-15T11:45:57.847" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1718" CreationDate="2013-01-15T02:27:43.410" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Compared to English, Russian is much more pedantic about distinguishing direction and location, e.g., &quot;from&quot; might be из and от (or other possibilities) since word choice distinguishes between &quot;from the inside&quot; and &quot;from the surface&quot; while in English both are expressed with &quot;from&quot;.  Or just look at the Russian verbs of motion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of &quot;where&quot;, there are three words, not two:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;где = &lt;em&gt;where&lt;/em&gt;, as in location (e.g., where am I?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;куда = &lt;em&gt;to where&lt;/em&gt;, as in direction (e.g., where are you going = where are you going to = to where are you going?),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;откуда = &lt;em&gt;from where&lt;/em&gt;, as in direction (e.g., where are you coming from? or where are you from?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice that in English, &quot;where are you going to&quot; is usually expressed as &quot;where are you going&quot;, but in Russian the distinction between location and direction is not glossed over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, although откуда obviously arose historically as от+куда, but you shouldn't regard откуда as being some form of the word кудa. So the way you posed your question (not the heading, but the actual question) is awkward: when asking someone where they live, you don't use куда instead of где, but rather откуда instead of где. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2013-01-15T02:27:43.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1734" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1736" CreationDate="2013-01-15T05:17:16.953" Score="57" ViewCount="38200" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does it mean yes, or does it mean no, or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1349" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2013-01-15T09:20:09.817" LastActivityDate="2021-03-21T13:47:39.200" Title="What does the phrase &quot;Да нет&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="14" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="18" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1734" CreationDate="2013-01-15T05:24:02.130" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means 'yes, but --', or 'actually no/not', or 'I can see your point and accept it, but the real things differ entirely from what you said'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like in any conversational strategy, the meaning is defined by context, intentions, implicit/tacit knowledge, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2013-01-15T05:24:02.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1734" CreationDate="2013-01-15T06:49:15.377" Score="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian 'да' and 'нет' do not mean what English 'yes' and 'no' mean. English is somehow unusual as for the meaning of its 'yes' and 'no', as compared to other languages. In this respect Russian is closer to Japanese, than to English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian 'да' means &quot;I agree with what you say, you are right&quot;, Russian 'нет' means &quot;I disagree with what you say, you are wrong&quot;, while English 'yes' means &quot;What you say reflects the actual state of things&quot; and English 'no' means &quot;What you say does not reflect the actual state of things.&quot; On the surface, there may seem to be no difference between the approaches of the two languages, but, actually, that is not so. In Russian, if I ask you, &quot;Ты его не знаешь?&quot; and you answer &quot;Да.&quot; it means you do not know the person. But in English, if I ask you, &quot;Don't you know him?&quot; your &quot;Yes&quot; answer would mean you do know the person. Am I right? In Russian one can say &quot;Да, я его не знаю,&quot; but in English one cannot say, &quot;Yes, I don't know him,&quot; one has to say, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;, I &lt;strong&gt;don't&lt;/strong&gt; know him.&quot; This means sometimes Russian 'да' is translated to English as 'yes', but sometimes, when it is the confirmation of a negation, as 'no.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, Russian 'да' has several meanings. As a particle, it is 'yes' (or 'no'). It can be a question paricle, meaning 'right?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Ключ в столе, да?&quot; - &quot;The key is in the table, right?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it can mean 'by the way' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Да, ещё одна новость.&quot; — &quot;By the way / Oh yes, (there's) another&#xA;  piece of news.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can mean &quot;really?, indeed?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Вы знаете, он женился? - Да? А я и не знал.&quot; — &quot;You know he has got&#xA;  married? - Has he? [Really / Indeed?] I didn't know.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be used for emotional emphasis - &quot;but, oh but; why; well&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Да не может быть!&quot; — &quot;But it can't be true!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are many other uses of 'да', but the phrase which is the scope of our question, &quot;да нет&quot;, uses this last meaning of 'да', so it can be translated as &quot;well, no&quot; or &quot;but no&quot;, or as &quot;well, yes&quot; or &quot;but yes&quot;, if the question, to which it is the answer, contains a negation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-01-15T06:49:15.377" CommentCount="16" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1734" CreationDate="2013-01-15T18:11:19.277" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;No&quot;. There is also phrase &quot;Да нет, наверное&quot;. That means &quot;I guess no&quot;. &#xA;But this phrase is used in only speacial situations. For example, if one person suggests another to go to the shop with him, the first person is not sure if he wants to go or not. But if he finally tells &quot;Да нет&quot;, he means that he won't go. And almost always &quot;Да нет&quot; is continued with &quot;Не&quot; and a verb like &quot;Да нет, не хочу&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1358" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2013-01-25T09:12:02.947" LastActivityDate="2013-01-25T09:12:02.947" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1740" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-16T07:06:30.630" Score="2" ViewCount="394" Body="&lt;p&gt;Каково точное значение концепта &quot;хамство&quot; в терминах семантики Вежбицкой?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Опишите, пожалуйста, понятие &quot;хамство&quot;, используя &quot;семантические примитивы&quot; из списка ниже. Внизу также дан пример описания другого концепта (Amazement). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;«субстантивы»: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я (I), ты (you), кто-то (someone), что-то (something), люди (people)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;«детерминаторы и квантификаторы»: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;этот (this), тот же самый (the same), другой (other), один (one), два (two), много (many/much), все/весь (all)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;«ментальные предикаты»: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;думать (о) (think (about)), говорить (say), знать (о) (know (about)), чувствовать (feel), хотеть (want)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;«действия и события»:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;делать (do), происходить/случаться (happen (to))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;«оценки»: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;хороший (good), плохой (bad)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;«дескрипторы»:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;большой (big), маленький (small)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;«время и место»:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;когда (when), где (where), после/до (after/before), под/над (under/above)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;«метапредикаты»: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не/нет/отрицание (по), потому что/из-за (because), если (if/would), мочь (сап)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;«интенсификатор»: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;очень (very)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;«таксономия и партономия»: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вид/разновидность (kind of), часть (part of)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;«нестрогость/прототип»: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;подобный/как (like).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример описания концепта Amazement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Amazement&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;X чувствует что-то&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  иногда человек думает примерно так:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  сейчас что-то произошло&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  до этого я не знал: это может произойти&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  если бы я подумал об этом, я бы сказал: этого не может произойти&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  поэтому этот человек чувствует что-то&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  X чувствует что-то похожее&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Список &quot;семантических примитивов&quot; и схема описания взяты из:&#xA;Вежбицкая А. &lt;em&gt;Язык. Культура. Познание.&lt;/em&gt; М.: Pуcские словари, 1996.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-01-17T07:47:51.607" LastActivityDate="2013-07-02T00:57:13.070" Title="Kонцепт «хамство» по Вежбицкой / Concept “khamstvo” according to Wierzbicka" Tags="&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;социолингвистика&gt;&lt;психолингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1741" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1750" CreationDate="2013-01-16T07:34:38.890" Score="5" ViewCount="299" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today I've heard on the radio that news presenter pronounced &lt;code&gt;изображён&lt;/code&gt; (depicted) like &lt;code&gt;изобра́жен&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;upd&lt;/strong&gt; - here is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.moskva.fm/share/4015/20130116/fromtime:09:18:55&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;, checkout 19:02). This sounds to me definitely wrong. For me pronouncing this word wit stress on the last syllable (which is de-facto standard) is the only form accepted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My first thought was that this is yet another example of long lasting phenomena in Russian language: words which are constantly spelled without &quot;ё&quot; finally lose phonemes indicated by this letter. One well-known example is Рерих, who was actually Рёрих. Or &lt;code&gt;свёкла&lt;/code&gt; which is pronounced by many as &lt;code&gt;свекла́&lt;/code&gt; or even (by few though) &lt;code&gt;свеколь&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then I've realized that the main reason that &lt;code&gt;изобра́жен&lt;/code&gt; hurts my feeling is actually that it sound like another russian word with same root, &lt;code&gt;обезобра́жен&lt;/code&gt; (disfigured). Contrary to &lt;code&gt;изображён&lt;/code&gt; the only linguistic norm I can recall is to pronounce &lt;code&gt;обезображен&lt;/code&gt; with penultimate stressing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, my question is: Where should I put stress in both of this words and, if rules are different for them, which of form had actually been original one, i.e can we talk about the loss of &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; here or vice versa (or, may be both form coexisted &quot;from the very beginning&quot;). To put it simple (treat this as a subquestion): Does обезображён form ever existed and if it haven't, what are rules regulating such stressing? Why, for example, we say обнажён, изображён, утверждён but обезображен?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:54:55.740" LastActivityDate="2017-09-03T11:12:01.870" Title="&quot;Изображён&quot; but &quot;обезобра́жен&quot; - why do stresses in these word differ?" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1742" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-16T07:45:54.660" Score="12" ViewCount="1660" Body="&lt;p&gt;Считается, что в русском языке нет исконных слов, начинающихся на букву «А». Как объяснить этимологию слова «аист», явно отличающуюся от лексем в родственных языках?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бел. &lt;em&gt;бусел&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;укр. &lt;em&gt;лелека&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;русин. &lt;em&gt;бузёк&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;чорногуз&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;боцан&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;польск. &lt;em&gt;bocian&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;словацк. &lt;em&gt;bocian&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;слов. &lt;em&gt;štorklja&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;болг. &lt;em&gt;щъкрел&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;хорв. &lt;em&gt;рода&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there are no original Russian words starting with ‘a’, then how to explain the origins of the word &lt;em&gt;аист&lt;/em&gt; (stork)? Cf. with words in other languages:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Belorussian &lt;em&gt;бусел&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ukrainian &lt;em&gt;лелека&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ruthenian &lt;em&gt;бузёк&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;чорногуз&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;боцан&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Polish &lt;em&gt;bocian&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Slovak &lt;em&gt;bocian&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Slovene &lt;em&gt;štorklja&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bulgarian &lt;em&gt;щъкрел&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Croatian &lt;em&gt;рода&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-18T09:16:04.703" LastActivityDate="2013-02-18T09:16:04.703" Title="Этимология слова «аист» / etymology of “аист” (stork)" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;slavic&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1743" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-16T07:53:18.577" Score="6" ViewCount="579" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the possible origin of this word? Can it be related to &quot;сарматы&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Каково возможное происхождение этого слова? Может ли оно быть связано со словом &quot;сарматы&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T08:58:01.337" Title="Etymology of хорваты / Этимология слова &quot;хорваты&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;slavic&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1742" CreationDate="2013-01-16T08:07:45.917" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is, actually, a very nice question. The short answer is - no one knows for sure the origin of word аист. Though there are some facts that give us some hints:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First evidence of using this word in Russian belongs to (most early) XV century. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is no evidence of this word in Proto-Slavic.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There exists black (Ciconia nigra) and white (Ciconia ciconia) storks. On the territories populated by Russian language speakers there was no population of white storks before XIX-th century, so originally this word was used to refer black storks only.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In Old Russian instead of &lt;code&gt;аист&lt;/code&gt; words &lt;code&gt;бусел&lt;/code&gt; and  &lt;code&gt;стьркъ&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;стеркъ&lt;/code&gt; had been used. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Actually, no one knows for sure whether this words really indicated exactly storks, since the can be used for naming all long-leg birds. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of 2013, anything else besides these fact is at least bit speculative. There are many different hypothesis, none of them is accepted by the majority of linguists. &lt;a href=&quot;http://roman.by/r-76979.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here is&lt;/a&gt; an excellent overview of existing theories on this issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me conclude with this quote:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Классическая” версия происхождения названия “аист” звучит так. Из&#xA;  средневерхненемецкого диалекта было заимствовано слово “Heister”. Это&#xA;  одно из старых местных названий сороки (Pica pica). Современное ее&#xA;  наименование в немецком языке — “Elster”. “Heister” в польском языке&#xA;  трансформировалось в “hajster”, &quot;hajstra&quot;, затем перешло в украинский&#xA;  и белорусский языки и некоторые диалекты русского в форме “гайстер”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The theory mentioned above is indeed can be treated as the main candidate to be truthful. But be warned: though this overview is informative indeed, it mentions some fact that also are not 100% reliable. For example, mentioned word &lt;code&gt;лелека&lt;/code&gt;, even if it onomatopoeic (which is quite possible indeed, this is quite often case), hardly relates to any sumerian root. But, once again, no one really knows for sure in this case also :)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-01-17T07:53:02.947" LastActivityDate="2013-01-17T07:53:02.947" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1742" CreationDate="2013-01-16T08:36:35.537" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Согласно Фасмеру:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;а́ист&lt;/strong&gt; др.-русск. &lt;em&gt;агистъ&lt;/em&gt; (Фасмер, RS 3, 249). Едва ли правильно Mi.EW (2), Бернекер (1, 25), Преобр. (1, 4) связывают с польск. &lt;em&gt;hajster&lt;/em&gt; «серая цапля», укр. &lt;em&gt;га́йстер&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;а́стер&lt;/em&gt; «аист черногуз», которые восходят к нем. &lt;em&gt;Heister&lt;/em&gt;. Ненадежно также сближение Фасмера (RS 6, 207 и сл.) с прибалтийским этнонимом &lt;em&gt;Aestii&lt;/em&gt; (Тацит), лит. &lt;em&gt;Aistmares&lt;/em&gt; «Вислинский залив», англос. &lt;em&gt;Estmere&lt;/em&gt; (Вульфстан), несмотря на такие параллели, как фламинго, нем. &lt;em&gt;Wallach&lt;/em&gt; и др.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иначе говоря, всё равно неясно, но очевидно, что основные теории даже не рассматривают исконно-славянское происхождение слова «аист».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T08:58:40.110" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T08:58:40.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1741" CreationDate="2013-01-16T08:48:33.283" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe that news presenter just made a slip of the tongue? The two е/ё examples you provided in the second paragraph are quite common mistakes, but &lt;code&gt;изобра́жен&lt;/code&gt; is something weird. It's even harder to pronounce. Could you remember what the context was?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="414" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T08:48:33.283" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1743" CreationDate="2013-01-16T08:58:01.337" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Origin of this word is unclear. There are many hypothesis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;from ancient Iranian haurvata - guard of cattle (Max Fasmer. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language &lt;a href=&quot;http://etymolog.ruslang.ru/vasmer.php?id=262&amp;amp;vol=4%29&quot;&gt;Макс Фасмер. Этимологический словарь русского языка (1986)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;from «корванты, корвенты» - Vent, who lives on the border of the space occupied by the Veneto-Wends (&lt;a href=&quot;http://znamo-delo.narod.ru/Srbi_Hrvati.htm&quot;&gt;Амплеев И.А. Сербы, хорваты (2006&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In &quot;etymological dictionary of Slavic Languages​​&quot; (1981) refers to &quot;the full etymological identity&quot; (?!) &quot;харваты&quot; and &quot;сарматы&quot;, from Iranian adjective *sarma(n)t / *harva(n)t - «female, full of women» (Амплеев И.А. Сербы, хорваты (2006). But author prejudice this hypothesis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1304" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T08:58:01.337" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1741" CreationDate="2013-01-16T15:11:51.833" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;По ссылке — утреннее развлекательное шоу, где ведущие шутят и дурачатся в прямом эфире, чтобы поднять настроение людям, собирающимся на работу. В таких шоу вполне допустимо исказить слово или ударение, сделать его &quot;смешнее&quot;, чтобы привлечь внимание слушателей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правильно: изображён (ударение всегда на ё), обезобра́жен (всегда на а). Почему так?&#xA;Даже в словах с одним корнем ударение меняется: изображён, изображена́, изображено́.&#xA;Я думаю, нет общего правила, по которому можно определить, где должно быть ударение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например: зо́лото, боло́то, долото́ - только 1 гласная, а ударение на первый, второй или третий слог.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T15:52:54.427" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T15:52:54.427" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1741" CreationDate="2013-01-16T17:36:15.900" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The correct way to pronounce those two words is : изображ&lt;strong&gt;Ё&lt;/strong&gt;н and обезобр&lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt;жен. According to the modern orthoepic norm, this is the only possible variant. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way we pronounce short participles in Russian depends on their long form. And the long form depends on the future form of the verb this participle was derived from. I'll quote an extract from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://prometod.ru/index.php?type_page&amp;amp;katalog&amp;amp;id=890&amp;amp;met3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;prometod.ru&lt;/a&gt; site : &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Страдательные причастия, образованные от глаголов, инфинитив которых&#xA;  заканчивается суффиксом -и-, подчиняются следующим правилам:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;если ударение в личных формах простого будущего времени падает на&#xA;  окончание, то ударение в полных формах страдательного причастия падает&#xA;  на суффикс -онн-/-енн-: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;заверш&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;ть, заверш&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt;т — заверш&lt;strong&gt;Ё&lt;/strong&gt;нный; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;покор&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;ть,покор&lt;strong&gt;Я&lt;/strong&gt;т — покор&lt;strong&gt;Ё&lt;/strong&gt;нный.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;если же ударение в личных формах простого будущего времени падает&#xA;  на основу, то ударение в причастии предшествует суффиксу -енн-:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;ув&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;дишь, ув&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;дят — ув&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;денный; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;засл&lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt;жишь, засл&lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt;жат — засл&lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt;женный.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OK, then the question remains: why is the stress put in each &lt;strong&gt;verb&lt;/strong&gt; differently, if they both originate from the same root? Why do we say изобраз&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;шь but  обезобр&lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt;зишь? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it happens mostly due to the fact that the word &lt;strong&gt;обезобразить&lt;/strong&gt; was formed from an adjective безобр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;зный, which may have two different stresses depending on the meaning ( i.e. these are actually two homographs, not one word ):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Безобразный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I. БЕЗО́БРАЗНЫЙ -ая, -ое; -зен, -зна, -зно. Лит. Не&#xA;  заключающий в себе образности. Б-ая речь автора. Б-ое мышление. ◁&#xA;  Безо́бразность, -и; ж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;II. БЕЗОБРА́ЗНЫЙ -ая, -ое; -зен, -зна, -зно.&#xA;  1. Отталкивающе некрасивый; уродливый. Б-ая ведьма. Б. вид. Б-ое платье.&#xA;  2. Непристойный, возмутительный. Б. поступок. Б-ое поведение. Б-ая история.&#xA;  3. Разг. Очень плохой, отвратительный, скверный. Доро́ги просто безобразны! ◁ Безобра́зно, нареч. Расходы б. велики (очень,&#xA;  чрезвычайно). Безобра́зность, -и; ж. * Красота и безобразность&#xA;  Разделены чертой одной (Пушкин).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Большой толковый словарь русского языка. - 1-е изд-е: СПб.: Норинт С. А. Кузнецов. 1998&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably the stress in the verb originates from the stress in the adjective. That stress was distinguishing two adjectives, and was so meaningful that remained in the verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So when we make a derivation of the verb обезобр&lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt;зить, it is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;О&lt;/strong&gt;браз --&gt;   обез-&lt;strong&gt;O&lt;/strong&gt;браз-и-ть&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(prefix &lt;strong&gt;обез-/обес-&lt;/strong&gt; means deprive smth./smb. of smth., in this case the verb would have the meaning &quot;deprive of image/personality&quot;, or better &quot;make plain&quot; - лишить образа)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but rather like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;образ --&gt; без-обр&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt;з-н-ый --&gt; безобр&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt;з-и-ть --&gt; о-безобразить&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(where the meaning of the verb is &quot;make ugly&quot; - сделать безобр&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt;зным,    уродливым)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, I haven't found any verbs derived from без&lt;strong&gt;О&lt;/strong&gt;бразный. We may say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;лишить образности&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; instead. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="1329" LastEditDate="2013-01-16T22:48:21.003" LastActivityDate="2013-01-16T22:48:21.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1105" CreationDate="2013-01-16T20:17:51.097" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;надо&lt;/strong&gt; means 'I have a need and it is not mine/it is for someone else's benefit, for I don't feel it myself'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;нужно&lt;/strong&gt; means roughly 'I have a need and it is mine/I want to satisfy it to my personal benefit, for I feel it myself', etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically, the former is likely to be explained as Supinum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference has an exact lexical manifestation in Balto-Finnish languages *(e.g. Finnish  quasi-ergative 'minun täytyy' VS 'tarvitsen'). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be a result of a language contact and is therefore almost uncoceivable by most of native speakers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strictly speaking, both &lt;strong&gt;надо&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;strong&gt;нужно&lt;/strong&gt; are forms of past tenses (participle/Supinum) of the set ending in n-consonant / d-consonant, althought I am not sure yet which one stands for what. Cf. with Swedish '&lt;em&gt;behövde&lt;/em&gt;' (and n-forms/d-forms for other verbs in this language), English 'needed', or Spanish '&lt;strong&gt;debida'/'debido&lt;/strong&gt;', etc. Cf. also with Sanskrit and Tochar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vasmer and Vinogradov suggesting its origin from OR &lt;strong&gt;надобѣ&lt;/strong&gt; which originates from &lt;strong&gt;доба&lt;/strong&gt; (&quot;use, merit&quot;), akin to &lt;strong&gt;добрый, удобный&lt;/strong&gt; etc (quote from Quassnoi's comment- M.), yet give no explanation of the first part of the word &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;, which is either an IE or Germanic imperative from the verb meaning either 'to have' or 'to take'. Cf. Russian &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;имя/иметь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, or Ductch &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;'nemen'&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. It has survived in modern conversational Russian in the form of interjection &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (='here you are!'/'take[it]'!) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, &lt;em&gt;нужно/надо&lt;/em&gt; is historically the same construction as 'One has'to', also governing infinite form of the verb, like in English. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-01-17T13:02:44.383" LastActivityDate="2013-01-17T13:02:44.383" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1752" PostTypeId="7" CreationDate="2013-01-17T00:50:59.033" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Russian Language and Usage&lt;/strong&gt; is a question and answer site for people who are interested in studying or teaching Russian, as well as for enthusiast and curious native speakers. It's built and run &lt;em&gt;by you&lt;/em&gt; as part of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://stackexchange.com&quot;&gt;Stack Exchange&lt;/a&gt; network of Q&amp;amp;A sites. With your help, we're working together to build a library of detailed answers to every question about the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="480" LastEditDate="2013-01-17T00:50:59.033" LastActivityDate="2013-01-17T00:50:59.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1740" CreationDate="2013-01-17T03:25:03.600" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какое интересное задание! Вежбицку я не читала, но Вы очень понятно объясняете, так что попытаюсь решить проблему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хамство = манера поведения, свойственная хаму | конкретный поступок, в котором человек проявил себя как хам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хам &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;хама, м. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В языке дворян: человек, принадлежащий к низшим классам и&#xA;  лишенный потому всякого человеческого достоинства (презрит,&#xA;  дореволюц.). - Он там дворовых людей по-французски учить выдумал! Это,&#xA;  дескать, ему полезно! Хаму-то, слуге-то! Достоевский. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;перен.&#xA;  Грубый, наглый и невоспитанный человек, готовый на подлости (разг.&#xA;  презрит, бран.). Секретари его все хамы, все продажны, людишки,&#xA;  пишущая тварь, все вышли в знать, все ныне важны. Грибоедов. (По имени&#xA;  Хама, сына библейского Ноя, проклятого отцом за непочтение.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Толковый словарь Ушакова.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тогда переходим к составляющим 2-го пункта: грубость, наглость,невоспитанность, подлость. Попробую сразу сконструировать окончательное описание... Явно понадобятся 2 субъекта, потому что эти понятия связаны с оценкой поведения нашего хама обществом (или конкретным его представителем).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Грубиян&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;X думает: Y похож на кого-то&#xA;иногда человек Z говорит другому (R) очень плохое&#xA;из-за этого потом R чувствует: мне плохо&#xA;X думает: Y похож на Z&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Наглец&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наглый&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;на́глый прил., употр. сравн. часто Морфология: на́гл, нагла́, на́гло,&#xA;  на́глы; нагле́е; нар. на́гло&#xA;  1. Человека называют наглым, если он грубо и вызывающе ведёт себя, не уважает других людей; слово выражает осуждение. В молодости он был&#xA;  чрезвычайно наглым и самоуверенным. | Он просто наглый шантажист.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;= нахальный&#xA;  2. Слова, поступки и т. д. называют наглыми, если они дерзкие, вызывающие; слово выражает осуждение. Это был наглый обман. |&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;нар. Ощущение безнаказанности во всём проникло и в сознание водителей,&#xA;  многие начали нагло ездить на красный свет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Взгляд, смех и т. д. называют наглыми, если в них проявляется дерзость, бесстыдство. Его наглый тон взбесил меня. |&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;нар. Андрей оценивающе и нагло посмотрел на неё.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;• на́глость сущ., ж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Толковый словарь русского языка Дмитриева Д. В. Дмитриев. 2003&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь попробую сконцентрироваться на неуважении.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;X думает: Y похож на кого-то&#xA;R - часть людей                      &#xA;Z делает или говорит что-то&#xA;из-за этого R потом думает: Z не думает и не чувствует, что я часть людей&#xA;из-за этого R потом чувствует: мне плохо&#xA;X думает: Y похож на Z&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В переводе: R человек, а Z ведет себя так, как будто R не человек. И R это чувствует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Невоспитанный человек&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;X думает: Y похож на кого-то&#xA;многие люди думают и знают : что-то (A) хорошо, что-то другое (B) - плохо&#xA;эти люди делают A и хотят не делать B&#xA;если кто-то делает B, потом все другие думают: &#xA;этот кто-то многого не знает и из-за этого не может делать A&#xA;Z делает много B &#xA;X думает: Y похож на Z&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Человек, способный на подлость&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;X думает: Y похож на кого-то&#xA;многие люди думают и знают : что-то (A) хорошо, что-то другое (B) - очень плохо&#xA;эти люди хотят не делать B&#xA;если кто-то делает B, кому-то другому очень плохо&#xA;если кто-то делает B и знает: я делаю B, потом все другие думают: &#xA;этот кто-то многого не чувствует, этот кто-то плохой&#xA;Z может сделать B&#xA;X думает: Y похож на Z&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Конечно, я не учла множество аспектов вышеприведенных слов. Иначе, если бы я продолжила конкретизацию, то пришлось бы написать как минимум статью. По-моему, перевод слова на термины Вежбицкой очень похож на чтение толкового словаря, причем на языке, в котором знаешь только примитивы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Осталось только применить конъюнкцию на все четыре определения, использовав разные переменные ( J,K,L,M, например ),  и перевести все с субъекта на его манеру поведения (или на поступок)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;случилось что-то (G)                --Gадость =)&#xA;X думает: Y похож на кого-то&#xA;...описание J&#xA;...описание K&#xA;...описание L&#xA;...описание M&#xA;X думает: Y похож на J&#xA;X думает: Y похож на K&#xA;X думает: Y похож на L&#xA;X думает: Y похож на M&#xA;G случилось из-за Y                  -- хамство как поступок&#xA;Y делает много G                     -- хамство как черта хама&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT (очень важно!)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Только что вспомнила про одно эссе Сергея Довлатова: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sergeidovlatov.com/books/etoneper.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Это непереводимое слово &quot;хамство&quot;&quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И вот я долго думал над всем этим и, в отличие от Набокова,&#xA;  сформулировал, что такое хамство, а именно: хамство есть не что иное,&#xA;  как грубость, наглость, нахальство, вместе взятые, но при этом –&#xA;  умноженные на безнаказанность. Именно в безнаказанности все дело, в&#xA;  заведомом ощущении ненаказуемости, неподсудности деяний, в том чувстве&#xA;  полнейшей беспомощности, которое охватывает жертву. Именно&#xA;  безнаказанностью своей хамство и убивает вас наповал, вам нечего ему&#xA;  противопоставить, кроме собственного унижения, потому что хамство –&#xA;  это всегда «сверху вниз», это всегда «от сильного – слабому», потому&#xA;  что хамство – это беспомощность одного и безнаказанность другого,&#xA;  потому что хамство – это неравенство.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Думаю, в связи с этим нужно подкорректировать окончательный вариант определения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;случилось что-то (G)                --Gадость =)&#xA;X думает: Y похож на кого-то&#xA;...описание J&#xA;...описание K&#xA;...описание L&#xA;...описание M&#xA;X думает: Y похож на J&#xA;X думает: Y похож на K&#xA;X думает: Y похож на L&#xA;X думает: Y похож на M&#xA;Y знает:  с ним не случится плохого, если он сделает G&#xA;X чувствует: я маленький, а Y большой&#xA;X чувствует: я не могу, а Y может&#xA;G случилось из-за Y                  -- хамство как поступок&#xA;Y делает много G                     -- хамство как черта хама&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="1329" LastEditDate="2013-07-02T00:57:13.070" LastActivityDate="2013-07-02T00:57:13.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1740" CreationDate="2013-01-17T07:04:51.690" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вначале надо определиться с самим смыслом слова &quot;хамство&quot;. Обычные определения из словарей, по-моему, не годятся, потому что они построены по методу &quot;сепуление - см. сепульки&quot; (ссылки на &quot;поведение, свойственное хаму&quot; и тому подобное - а как себя ведёт хам? если по-хамски, то круг замкнулся).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я потерял источник, но однажды видел такое определение (привожу своими словами, может быть, громоздко): &quot;Хамство - открытое действие по дестабилизации эмоциональной сферы собеседника (оппонента) для достижения желаемого результата, который иначе не был бы достигнут или не предполагался&quot;. Ключевые моменты - 1) наличие второго участника взаимодействия (или более двух), 2) цель (например, для довлатовской продавщицы - заставить &quot;интеллигента&quot; купить именно то, что она хочет продать, а не качественный товар, и она оскорбляет его, чтобы он не смог добиться своего), 3) действие (как правило, словами, но бывают и варианты физического воздействия), 4) естественное отличие от грубости (кто-то может даже разговаривать матом, но явно не иметь цели оскорбить, просто потому что он иначе не умеет) и от наглости (например, вклиниться в ряд машин, потому что что-то заставляет ехать быстрее - это наглость, но не хамство), с которыми тут сравнивали.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Я заранее предполагаю возражения против этого определения, что оно неадекватно чьим-то персональным представлениям об обсуждаемом слове. Возможны корректировки отдельных моментов в нём. Но оно по любому лучше рекурсивных определений из обычных словарей, которые ничего не объясняют, а вместо этого апеллируют к эмоциональным понятиям, которые каждый воспринимает по-своему.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тогда описание &quot;по Вежбицкой&quot; будет где-то так (я смотрю на пример и делаю аналогично ему):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;X взаимодействует (общается) c Y&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;X желает достичь некоей цели&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;X предполагает, что &quot;спокойное&quot; общение, рекомендованное моралью, этикой, этикетом и т.д., не даст нужного X'у результата&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;X выбирает достижение результата путём эмоциональной дестабилизации Y&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;X подбирает метод, который должен привести к такой дестабилизации, согласно тому, что знает про Y&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;X применяет этот метод к Y (вероятнее всего, оскорблением, но возможны и другие пути)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Y, вероятнее всего, теряется (тушуется) и теряет силы для достижения своей цели&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="827" LastEditorUserId="827" LastEditDate="2013-01-17T07:41:33.973" LastActivityDate="2013-01-17T07:41:33.973" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1755" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-17T08:52:50.217" Score="6" ViewCount="658" Body="&lt;p&gt;Каково происхождение слова? Сочетание &lt;em&gt;да&lt;/em&gt; + &lt;em&gt;же&lt;/em&gt; представляется слишком очевидным. Фасмер дает только &lt;strong&gt;*&lt;em&gt;датже&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, не останавливаясь на использовании современной лексемы и не останавливаясь на элизии (маловероятной). Есть ли другие источники?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the origin of the word? The combination of &lt;em&gt;да&lt;/em&gt; + &lt;em&gt;же&lt;/em&gt; seems too obvious. Vasmer provides the only example of &lt;strong&gt;*&lt;em&gt;датже&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; without detailed explanation of its origin, nor the elision is explained. Are there any other sources?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-01-22T10:35:36.687" LastActivityDate="2013-01-22T10:35:36.687" Title="Этимология слова «даже» / Etymology of the word “dazhe” (even, although)" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;психолингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1756" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-17T12:00:36.153" Score="2" ViewCount="1389" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can someone shed some light on this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The differences in &lt;em&gt;1st. p. sg. past tense&lt;/em&gt; are obvious, but there should be some more discrepancies in male and female varieties of Russian than just preferences in swearing (like men are likely to swear more often and with a specific vocabulary). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There should be some more differences in &lt;em&gt;monologue speech&lt;/em&gt; between the two genders. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any ideas?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-01-17T20:37:20.080" LastActivityDate="2016-12-26T02:00:03.723" Title="What are the differences between male and female speech in Russian?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;социолингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="15" FavoriteCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-12-26T04:03:06.360" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1757" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-17T12:15:54.447" Score="11" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, when we speak with past participle, there are either н-patterns (сделано/положено/доказано/разъяснено) or т-patterns (принято/сшито/открыто).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No verb, to the best of my knowledge, can have both p.pt. patterns at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the general rule for defining correct pattern?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2013-01-17T22:11:48.487" Title="How to define a general pattern to choose between n-participles and t-participles?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1758" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1757" CreationDate="2013-01-17T17:10:22.740" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Passive past participles are formed from infinitives according to those rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if the base of infinitive ends with  &lt;strong&gt;-а (-я)&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;-е&lt;/strong&gt;  , passive past participle is formed with suffix  &lt;strong&gt;-нн-&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;чита-ть – читанный; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;посея-ть – посеянный; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;виде-ть – виденный.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if the base of infinitive ends with consonant  or &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; (the &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; is then dropped in the resulting past participle ), then the passive past participle is formed with suffix  &lt;strong&gt;-енн (-ённ-)&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;унес-ти – унесённый; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;запеч-ь – запечённый; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;раскраси-ть – раскрашенный; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;освети-ть – освещённый; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;убеди-ть – убеждённый; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;прослави-ть – прославленный.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in the verbs of second conjugation type consonant gradation takes place : (&lt;strong&gt;с – ш&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;з – ж&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;т – ч – щ&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;д – ж – жд&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;в – вл&lt;/strong&gt; и т. д.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the base of &lt;strong&gt;first conjugation group&lt;/strong&gt; infinitive ends with &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;я (а)&lt;/strong&gt; , which is being interchanged with &lt;strong&gt;н&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;м&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;then the passive past participle is formed with suffix &lt;strong&gt;-т-&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мы-ть – мытый; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ви-ть – витый; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;трону-ть – тронутый; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;тере-ть – тёртый; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;запере-ть – запертый; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;моло-ть – молотый; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;коло-ть –  колотый,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мять (мн-у) – мятый, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;сжа-ть (сожн-у, сожм-у) – сжатый.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in the verbs which have an infinitive base ending with &lt;strong&gt;-ере-&lt;/strong&gt; the final &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; of the base is dropped : тере-ть – тёртый.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then the short passive past participles from your question have the same letter as the one appearing in long forms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;сделанный    - сделан&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;положенный   - положен&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;доказанный   - доказан&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;разъяснённый - разъяснён&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;принятый - принят&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;сшитый   - сшит&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;открытый - открыт&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;information taken from &lt;a href=&quot;http://stcreserv.narod.ru/Tutorial/prichastie.html&quot;&gt;this site&lt;/a&gt;, see §111 part II&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="1329" LastEditDate="2013-01-17T22:11:48.487" LastActivityDate="2013-01-17T22:11:48.487" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="75" CreationDate="2013-01-17T23:51:06.710" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;What you are referring to is (or related to) a concept of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number#Trial&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;trial&lt;/em&gt; grammatical number&lt;/a&gt;. Short answer is “no”, as only some &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austronesian_languages&quot;&gt;Austronesian languages&lt;/a&gt; were so far identified as those having this grammatical category. What follows is lengthy explanation as to significance of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_number#Dual&quot;&gt;dual&lt;/a&gt; (Lat. &lt;em&gt;dualis&lt;/em&gt;) grammatical number in development of Russian language and its numerals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;On Dual&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language&quot;&gt;PIE&lt;/a&gt;, and many languages derived from it (Sanskrit, Ancient Greek &lt;em&gt;etc.&lt;/em&gt;) had the dual, thus forming tripartite grammatical number system (singular, dual, plural (&gt;2)). Russian language also had dual, but it became to disintegrate since about XIV century (Gasparov, p. 32).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;R. Jakobson in his essay “On Linguistic Aspects of Translation” talks about difficulty of translation from one language that would not have category of dual and the other that would. However, the other way around is easier (p. 235):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If some grammatical category is absent in a given language, its meaning may be translated into this language by lexical means. Dual forms like Old Russian &lt;em&gt;брата&lt;/em&gt; are translated with the help of a numeral: “two brothers.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, the same thing is what happened during the development of the modern Russian language: in effect, Old Russian &lt;em&gt;брата&lt;/em&gt; was translated into modern Russian “&lt;em&gt;два брата&lt;/em&gt;”. And while today we would designate the word &lt;em&gt;брата&lt;/em&gt; as a genitive or accusative singular, in Old Russian it was also nominative dual. For declension paradigms in Old Russian see &lt;em&gt;Historical grammar of Russian Language&lt;/em&gt; (2008) &lt;sup&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://phil-vsu.narod.ru/dl/3k/5_istgram1.pdf&quot;&gt;Rus&lt;/a&gt;, p. 25)&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gasparov talks about “free dual” (not sure if my translation of the term is correct) as something related to paired objects (eyes, ears). Then developed “related dual” which describes any two of any noun, thus this form becoming “the universal quantitative determinant”. After that, this form for the paired objects took a function similar to that of a definite article in English — it is not just &lt;em&gt;eyes&lt;/em&gt;, but &lt;em&gt;eyes of one person&lt;/em&gt; (pp. 32—33):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;руцѣ [dual] — рукы [plural] ≈ the hands [definite] — hands [indefinite].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then (p. 34) he talks about development of the separation of concepts “small multitude” and “large multitude”. “Small multitude” developed from dual and now, as a relic of extinct dual, it manifests in modern Russian in special plural form for object count from 2 to 4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1 стол → 2 стола → 3 стола → 4 стола → 5 столов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, small multitude is something that can be counted on the fingers of one hand, and starting with five and more, it is just “a lot”. Gasparov (&lt;em&gt;ibid.&lt;/em&gt;) points to sources that establish significance of ancient base-five counting system as related to a hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;The Specificity of the Word &lt;em&gt;оба&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian word &lt;em&gt;оба&lt;/em&gt; is, in a way, a very special one. Schenikova &lt;sup&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unn.ru/pages/disser/108.pdf&quot;&gt;Rus&lt;/a&gt;, p. 7)&lt;/sup&gt; notes that in the opinion of many philologists it cannot be simply lumped with aggregative numerals (&lt;em&gt;двое&lt;/em&gt; (“two-of” (or “[those] two”?)), &lt;em&gt;трое&lt;/em&gt; (“three-of”) and so on) due to their “formally-grammatical and semantic differences” being so great.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Krylov’s Etymological Dictionary (2004) defines it as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ОБА&lt;/strong&gt; All-Slavic [?] word of Indo-European nature. In Greek we find &lt;em&gt;ampho&lt;/em&gt;, in Latin — &lt;em&gt;ambo&lt;/em&gt;, in English — both. Literally “located near”, kindred to preposition &lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru/%D0%BE%D0%B1/en/#lingvo/&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;об&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here I would posit a hypothesis (as I have not researched that far) that the word &lt;em&gt;оба&lt;/em&gt;, while etymologically not related to the quantity “two”, has something to do with paired objects specifically (as Gasparov was talking about “definite” function of dual).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Things are ever so murky because numeral as an independent part of speech in Russian language is a gray area. Some researchers (Kalinina, L. V., qtd. by Schenikova) contend that it is yet not fully formed even in the beginning of XXI century, yet others (Zholobov &lt;sup&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://old.kpfu.ru/fil/kn1/win/kn1_13.pdf&quot;&gt;Rus&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/sup&gt;) argue that numerals were integral and distinct part of speech from the beginning in Slavic and many other languages, and that scientists failed to thoroughly research and classify them as such.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Bibliography&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gasparov, B. M. “Structure of Russian language from typological point of view (Intro to sociogrammatics). Article 2. Morphology of the noun”. &lt;em&gt;Scholarly notes of Tartu University&lt;/em&gt;, issue 486. Tartu, 1979. Pp. 23—44.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гаспаров, Б. М. &lt;a href=&quot;https://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/handle/10062/25795/acta_486_problemy_1979.pdf?sequence=1#page=24&quot;&gt;«Структура русского языка с типологической точки зрения (Введение в&#xA;социограмматику). Статья вторая. Морфология имени»&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Ученые записки Тартуского государственного университета&lt;/em&gt;, выпуск 486. Тарту, 1979. Стр. 23—44.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Jakobson&quot;&gt;Jakobson, R. O.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stanford.edu/~eckert/PDF/jakobson.pdf&quot;&gt;“On Linguistic Aspects of Translation”&lt;/a&gt;. Harward. 1959. Also, see Wiki &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Linguistic_Aspects_of_Translation&quot;&gt;explanation of this article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot;&gt;Якобсон, Р. О.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.philology.ru/linguistics1/jakobson-78.htm&quot;&gt;«О лингвистических аспектах перевода»&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Вопросы теории перевода в зарубежной лингвистике&lt;/em&gt;. М., 1978. Стр. 16—24&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastActivityDate="2013-01-17T23:51:06.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1756" CreationDate="2013-01-18T15:54:25.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that your question is interesting, but too broad for this forum.  You have already pointed out grammatical differences in the past tense: Я сказал vs. Я сказала.  Beyond that, I am sure there are differences in intonation, vocabulary, and probably many other factors.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have recently listened to an audio course called &lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B001GKVBXI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;He Said/She Said: Women, Men and Language&lt;/a&gt; by Deborah Tannen.  Naturally, her research mainly involves English speakers.  She points out that women speaking English tend to use rising intonation more often then men, making their statements sound a bit like questions.  She also talks about how men tend to talk to convey information, while women tend to use conversation to maintain relationships.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I have said, this is all pertaining to the speakers of English, but this might be a starting point for you, if you wish to look for similar research concerning the speakers of Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2013-01-18T15:54:25.153" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1756" CreationDate="2013-01-18T16:25:37.463" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;To be honest, as a native speaker I can assure you that absolutely no grammatic difference between male and female speech exists apart from the past tense you mentioned. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Culturally speaking, modern Russia is so westernized that any difference between genders erased from speech and you can easily find woman which speaks like a brute or a man who speaks tenderly and with care. Women swear, too, there's no unspoken rule about what obscenities are allowed to only men or only women. So, no difference there, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="114" LastActivityDate="2013-01-18T16:25:37.463" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1763" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-18T17:25:18.730" Score="1" ViewCount="299" Body="&lt;p&gt;Рассмотрим такие слова как &lt;em&gt;ласка, тоска, доска, миска, полоска, колбаска, опаска, ряска&lt;/em&gt;. Морфемно-орфографический словарь выдает следующее разделение (в скобках - информация по Фасмеру):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ласк.а (сопоставл. с болг. &quot;лаская&quot; = русск. &quot;льщу&quot;, лат.lascivus); тоск.а (возм. связ. с &quot;тощий&quot;); доск.а (&quot;дощатый&quot;); миск.а (этимологии нет);&#xA;  опек.а (связано с &quot;печаль&quot;); ряск.а (растение, этимологии нет); коляск.а (коло-, колесо, ср.с тохарским kälaskam - одна из форм косв.п., по Иванову)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;лас.о.ч.к.а, дос.о.ч.к.а, ряс.о.ч.к.а, коляс.о.ч.к.а, о.глас.к.а, о.пас.к.а, полос.к.а, колбас.к.а, ряс.к.а&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Раздел на морфемы кажется слишком произвольным - при том, что в русском и др. славянских языках есть примеры чередования согласных, а в древних родственных языках - когнаты означенных слов. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сравни с санскритским -ка, присутствующим в словах для обозначения неодушевленных объектов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что такое -ка в этих словах? Как оно появлялось исторически и может ли быть связано с (пра)индоевропейскими суффиксами?  Не является ли это (с)ка в действительности вариативным консонантным кластером (наподобие древнегреческого кс или болгарсого щ), воспринимаемым носителями языка как две разных согласных?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning and history of -ка among the Russian words listed above (given the fact that there is for sht in Bulgarian and even in Russian language the stem consonants alternate). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the fact of cognate words (e.g. in Tocharian kälaskam for Russian &quot;коляска&quot; according to Ivanov) and -ka in Sanskrit words for inanimate/istrumentive objects have something to do with this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it in fact a single consonant claster (like Greek x or Bulgarian щ) which is perceived by native Russian speakers as two separate consonants?&#xA;The division into stem/root consonants seems to be too arbitrary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T11:58:35.283" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T10:42:19.900" Title="What is the origin and meanining of -ка in these words/Какова этимология и смысл -ка в этих словах?" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;психолингвистика&gt;&lt;фоносемантика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1765" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-18T17:30:55.840" Score="3" ViewCount="729" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does &lt;em&gt;мартышка&lt;/em&gt; exist, but *&lt;em&gt;мартыха&lt;/em&gt; does not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rest of the words seem to follow this productive pattern. Cf: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;картошка&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt;=&gt; &lt;em&gt;картоха&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;плашка&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt;=&gt; &lt;em&gt;плаха&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Антошка&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt;=&gt; &lt;em&gt;Антоха&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Машка&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt;=&gt; &lt;em&gt;Маха&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-03-05T16:51:16.450" LastActivityDate="2013-03-26T11:16:13.510" Title="Why “мартышка” but not “мартыха”?" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;психолингвистика&gt;&lt;фоносемантика&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1767" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1773" CreationDate="2013-01-18T22:37:23.433" Score="2" ViewCount="745" Body="&lt;p&gt;Знает ли кто-нибудь слово &lt;em&gt;устряпаться&lt;/em&gt;? Я недавно слышала его в контексте, из которого понятно, что оно значит что-то вроде &lt;em&gt;испачкаться&lt;/em&gt;, но может быть я и ошибаюсь. И заодно интересно узнать, какое у этого глагола несовершенный вид. Неужели &lt;em&gt;стряпаться&lt;/em&gt;? И в какой части России оно распространено?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2013-01-26T11:59:41.143" Title="Значение слова &quot;устряпаться&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1768" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1769" CreationDate="2013-01-19T16:44:01.983" Score="5" ViewCount="1329" Body="&lt;p&gt;It only says it is a noun and in singular number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastActivityDate="2013-01-20T22:27:23.750" Title="Why does the dictionary not have a gender for &quot;часы&quot;" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1768" CreationDate="2013-01-19T17:20:39.580" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually it is not a singular, but so called 'pluralia tantum', or nouns normally used in plural (e.g. like English 'news').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The paradigm for this type of declension is the same as for plural of час/часы (= hour/hours).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-01-19T18:27:38.800" LastActivityDate="2013-01-19T18:27:38.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1770" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-19T17:31:34.207" Score="4" ViewCount="426" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm curious how to render in Russian this specific term. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think &lt;em&gt;травля&lt;/em&gt; has subtones of victimity, while mobbed people do tend to fight back, and &lt;em&gt;гонения&lt;/em&gt; is too obsolete and politicized a word. Besides, that word would be out of the work-life context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been also thinking about &lt;em&gt;подлость&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;пакости(ть)&lt;/em&gt; as Russian cognates like 'They've been mobbed'  = &quot;&lt;em&gt;Им (на)пакостили (на работе)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, but, again, this is too emotional a word while mobbing stands for professional/interpersonal things between an individual and a group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how to say 'mobbing' in Russian without getting into long strings of words? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2013-01-30T01:26:49.357" Title="What is Russian term for 'mobbing'?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1768" CreationDate="2013-01-19T17:51:52.773" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because it is a plural form and is only used as such. For example, 'one clock' would be &lt;em&gt;одни часы&lt;/em&gt; in Russian. Similar words are &lt;em&gt;ножницы&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сани&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;колготки&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2013-01-20T22:27:23.750" LastActivityDate="2013-01-20T22:27:23.750" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1773" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1767" CreationDate="2013-01-19T18:39:14.967" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Устряпать&lt;/strong&gt;   (  несовершенный вид  &lt;strong&gt;устряпывать&lt;/strong&gt;  ) означает:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;испачкать; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;перен. покрыть чем-л. в большом количестве, обильно; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;побить, победить, побороть кого-л., одержать верх над кем-л.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Устроить что-л. ловко, успешно (толковый словарь Ефремовой).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Распространено это слово в Сибири, на Урале ( Пермь, Уфа, Свердловская обл., Челябинская обл.), в Алма-Ате, а также в Нижнем Новгороде и ряде других городов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Устряпаться&lt;/strong&gt; (  несовершенный вид &lt;strong&gt;устряпываться&lt;/strong&gt; ):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;испачкаться; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;перен. попасть в неприятное, затруднительное положение, &quot;вляпаться&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;кончить стряпню; много наготовить и устать;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;прийти в состояние алкогольного, наркотического опьянения.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В последнем значении является частью молодежного жаргона и встречается только в Новосибирске и Омске.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Информацию нашла на форуме &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.lingvo.ru/actualtopics.aspx?bid=26&quot;&gt;городские&#xA;  диалекты&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.lingvo.ru/actualthread.aspx?tid=111770&quot;&gt;отдельная&#xA;  тема о слове&#xA;  устряпать&lt;/a&gt;. Там же можно найти примеры из ЖЖ, интервью, современной художественной литературы (разумеется,все написано жителями вышеперечисленных областей).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastActivityDate="2013-01-19T18:39:14.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1770" CreationDate="2013-01-19T22:03:30.993" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would suggest &lt;strong&gt;издевательство&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На работе он постоянно терпит издевательства со стороны коллег.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  На работе над ним постоянно издеваются.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About your request for translation of &lt;em&gt;&quot;They've been mobbed&quot;&lt;/em&gt; in perfect tense, I want to say that in this case  &lt;strong&gt;Их подставили&lt;/strong&gt; is often used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, as far as I know, this refers to career only (i.e. one can't say &lt;strong&gt;Его в школе подставили&lt;/strong&gt;, that would sound weird ). The noun associated with this verb is &lt;strong&gt;подстава&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-01-22T11:30:02.813" LastActivityDate="2013-01-22T11:30:02.813" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1778" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1768" CreationDate="2013-01-20T05:04:10.920" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quassnoi is right asking what dictionary doesn't have the gender mark for the word часы. For example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikidictionary&lt;/a&gt; specifies that the gender is &lt;em&gt;masculine&lt;/em&gt; as well as it specifies that the word is only used in plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other dictionaries, which I checked, for example Щерба, Матусевич. Русско-французский словарь, 1993, only specify &lt;em&gt;plural&lt;/em&gt;, and no gender for часы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not specifying gender for the words that are only used in plural makes sense for Russian language because their gender has only historical value and does not manifests itself grammatically in any way. In Russian neither endings of adjectives, nor endings of verbs will differ when they are related to plural nouns of different genders. Compare with French which differentiates gender in plural via adjective endings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;palissades &lt;strong&gt;vertes&lt;/strong&gt; (fem.) - зелёные заборы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;feux &lt;strong&gt;verts&lt;/strong&gt; (masc.) - зелёные огни&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-01-20T19:53:01.563" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1763" CreationDate="2013-01-20T06:15:27.247" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вы как-то странно смешали несколько разных вопросов в одном, и упомянутый ряд слов слишком разнороден. Как минимум, следовало бы разделить на слова, у которых как минимум это -к- в -ка входит в основу как минимум в раннеобщеславянские времена, затем те, у которых это часть основы только в поздние времена (история русского языка после отделения), и те, у которых видно происхождение и сейчас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, &quot;полоска&quot; однозначно увязывается с &quot;полоса&quot; стандартным способом (-к- как уменьшительный суффикс) любым носителем языка. Таких примеров в языке сотни. Во всех этих случаях этимология рассказывает про уменьшительный суффикс -ък-, который дал беглый гласный (им.ед. полоска - род.мн. полосок). Для &quot;ласка&quot; этимология сложнее, но тоже можно предполагать, что -к- - суффикс, хоть и более древний. В то же время, для &quot;тоска&quot; тут -к- есть согласный корня, и иной вариант не прослеживается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Далее, морфемно-орфографический словарь показывает текущее состояние с точки зрения носителей языка, а не историю, которая может не согласовываться с ним и даже противоречить. Хрестоматийный пример - голландское zonnedoek (&quot;навес от солнца&quot;) превратилось в &quot;зонтик&quot;, а далее образовалось &quot;зонт&quot;. С точки зрения истории тут нелепица, а с точки зрения морфологии тут уменьшительный суффикс -ик-. Поэтому морфемно-орфографический словарь показывает те слова, которые делятся на морфемы для современного языкового сознания, так, как они делятся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что за санскритское -ка, Вы не уточнили (лучше бы пару примеров), но история чётко показывает, что никакого подобного явления в этом ряду слов нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="827" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2015-01-07T19:20:01.253" LastActivityDate="2015-01-07T19:20:01.253" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1765" CreationDate="2013-01-20T09:40:03.917" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;*мартыха&lt;/code&gt; exists too. If you say &quot;мартыха&quot; for russian native, he (she) wil understand you.&#xA;But some of this forms (&lt;code&gt;*ха&lt;/code&gt;: Антоха, Маха, картоха, мартыха) belongs to colloquial speech. So you may not find them in dictionaries.&#xA;Exception:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;плашка &amp;lt;=&gt; плаха&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case &lt;strong&gt;плаха&lt;/strong&gt; is literary form, and &lt;strong&gt;плашка&lt;/strong&gt; is diminutive form of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Excuse me for my poor English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1371" LastEditorUserId="1371" LastEditDate="2013-01-20T09:53:14.953" LastActivityDate="2013-01-20T09:53:14.953" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1781" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1783" CreationDate="2013-01-20T22:08:30.530" Score="9" ViewCount="962" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the question is formulated with negation to the verb, and it is answered with one word: &lt;strong&gt;да&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;нет&lt;/strong&gt;, what is the rule of how to understand it: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Imagine that the question is a logical expression (no matter does&#xA;it have negation or not in it); answer &lt;strong&gt;да&lt;/strong&gt; means that you think&#xA;that the whole expression is true, answer &lt;strong&gt;нет&lt;/strong&gt; means you think it&#xA;is false.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Take the verb of question without negation; answer &lt;strong&gt;да&lt;/strong&gt;, if in&#xA;your full answer (which would repeat the verb) you would not need to&#xA;put negation to the verb; answer &lt;strong&gt;нет&lt;/strong&gt;, if you would put negation&#xA;to the verb in your full answer.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is no definite rule, in each particular case the meaning is&#xA;clarified with intonation, or facial expression, or with additional&#xA;questions/answers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, variant 1) used in Chinese and Japanese, variant 2) is used in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are the examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Parent asks his/her child: &quot;Так ты не будешь есть?&quot; --&quot;Нет!&quot; (said strongly).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Asking acquaintance: &quot;Ты его не знаешь?&quot; --&quot;Да.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2013-01-22T17:11:04.187" LastActivityDate="2013-01-22T17:11:04.187" Title="Answering negative questions with one word (да/нет) - are there rules?" Tags="&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1755" CreationDate="2013-01-21T08:23:57.457" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;По Шанскому (&lt;em&gt;Школьный этимологический словарь русского языка. Происхождение слов&lt;/em&gt;, 2004, у Крылова (2008) также):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ДАЖЕ&lt;/strong&gt; Искон. Сращение частиц &lt;em&gt;да&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;же&lt;/em&gt;. Ср. &lt;em&gt;аж&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сравниваем &lt;em&gt;аж&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;АЖ&lt;/strong&gt;. Искон. Сращение союза &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; «и, да» и частицы &lt;em&gt;же&lt;/em&gt;. Конечный безударный &lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt; отпал так же, как и в &lt;em&gt;авось&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У Фасмера &lt;em&gt;даже&lt;/em&gt; упоминается здесь:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;да&lt;/strong&gt; — нареч., союз, &lt;em&gt;да́бы&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;да́же&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Фасмер также указывает на сращение в словах &lt;em&gt;аж&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;уже&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;уж&lt;/em&gt;. Т. е., похоже, что это достаточно обычное явление.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-01-21T08:32:45.877" LastActivityDate="2013-01-21T08:32:45.877" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1781" CreationDate="2013-01-21T09:09:41.873" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian you must resolve ambiguities explicitly. Below both variants, separated by &quot;|&quot; are acceptable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Так ты не будешь есть?&quot;  -- &quot;Нет, не буду&quot; | &quot;Да, я не буду есть&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ты его не знаешь?&quot; -- &quot;Нет, не знаю&quot; | &quot;Да я его не знаю&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just &lt;strong&gt;да&lt;/strong&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;нет&lt;/strong&gt; here sounds vague and makes your answer feel evasive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By request of comment, I will also add example for discarding negative question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Так ты не будешь есть?&quot;  -- &quot;Нет, я буду есть&quot; | &quot;Нет, буду&quot; | &quot;Буду&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ты его не знаешь?&quot; -- &quot;Нет, я его знаю&quot; | &quot;Нет, знаю&quot; | &quot;Знаю&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know how to decline in both cases, using &quot;да&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1372" LastEditorUserId="1372" LastEditDate="2013-01-22T05:47:06.487" LastActivityDate="2013-01-22T05:47:06.487" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1781" CreationDate="2013-01-21T09:10:42.817" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In fact, the more I think about it, the more strange &quot;да&quot; seems as an answer to a negative question. Most likely I would not understand it if it is written (just as I do not understand it in the question), and if it is spoken I'd have to rely on intonation and gestures (choice 3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, one-word &quot;нет&quot; answer always negates the verb (choice 2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A well-understood positive answer to a negative question can be constructed by repeating the verb: &quot;Ты его не знаешь?&quot; -- &quot;Знаю.&quot;,  &quot;Так ты не будешь есть?&quot; --&quot;Буду!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1274" LastActivityDate="2013-01-21T09:10:42.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1781" CreationDate="2013-01-21T10:04:16.953" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian is like Irish or Finnish in this respect; the former has no specific word for 'yes'/'no', the latter has some specific words for 'yes' and several varieties for 'no' govered by grammatical person &amp;amp; number with almost obligatory repetition of the verb from the question asked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E. g. the question &quot;Ты его не знаешь?&quot;  might be answered with both 'yes' or 'no' depending on intonation and pauses made. To avoid ambiguities one should use the same verb as that of the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore Russian is more like Type 3 language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-01-21T11:48:38.853" LastActivityDate="2013-01-21T11:48:38.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1787" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1912" CreationDate="2013-01-22T03:08:42.243" Score="5" ViewCount="389" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was a small &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1768&quot;&gt;discussion&lt;/a&gt; between &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/47/texnic&quot;&gt;texnic&lt;/a&gt; and me about the appropriate way to denote tights - a classical question on forums related to Russian linguistics. As I do not consider myself an expert in Russian language, I would like to ask the community for their opinion, &lt;em&gt;preferably documented&lt;/em&gt;. Maybe I was wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my reasons to prefer &lt;strong&gt;колготки&lt;/strong&gt; over  &lt;strong&gt;колготы&lt;/strong&gt; are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;childhood stereotypes&lt;/strong&gt;: at school I was taught that the word &lt;strong&gt;колготы&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't exist; however, sad experience showed me later that not every teacher knows their matter perfectly;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;stylistical prejudices&lt;/strong&gt;: in my family and kindergarden (yes, again childhood =) )this word was used frequently, but with different stress - &lt;strong&gt;колготЫ&lt;/strong&gt; (sometimes even &lt;strong&gt;колготУшки&lt;/strong&gt; to rhyme with my name); this gave it а vernacular and stylistically colloquial tone - just like it happens with &quot;inner&quot; words that are made up inside a family and don't sound appropriate when you pronounce them in public;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;frequency in dictionaries&lt;/strong&gt;: as I am not a linguist, I mostly refer to dictionaries written by Ожегов, Ушаков, or Даль (the latter certainly doesn't fit for this question). None of them shows the word колготы; &lt;strong&gt;maybe somebody here has the Big Academic Dictionary?&lt;/strong&gt; On the internet while searching for occurence in dictionaries I have also found &lt;a href=&quot;http://otvety.google.ru/otvety/thread?tid=5b8706464e7bc79b&amp;amp;pli=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;while texnic found opposite information (i.e. this word &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.caretta-shop.ru/statall/19/stat58/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; be found in modern dictionaries)&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Google and StackExchange underline колготы with red;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I come up with more arguments, I'll add them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, to sum it up, is this strange word &lt;strong&gt;колготы&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;dependent on geographical/cultural/demographic aspects; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;stylistically neutral; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a common grammatical mistake that almost turned into a norm (like infamous &lt;strong&gt;coffee&lt;/strong&gt; gender or stress in &lt;strong&gt;заиндевелый&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;фольга&lt;/strong&gt; );&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;absolutely wrong (like &lt;strong&gt;сосули&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;сосульки&lt;/strong&gt;);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;just another topic where linguists can't come to a consensus?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T14:38:14.573" Title="Колготки or колготы?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;словарь&gt;&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1787" CreationDate="2013-01-22T03:37:54.670" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A brief search of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruscorpora.ru/en/search-main.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;national corpus&lt;/a&gt; shows that the word &amp;quot;колготы&amp;quot; has been used as a genitive of &amp;quot;колгота&amp;quot; (a synonym of &amp;quot;суета&amp;quot;) until the eighties, when the meaning of &amp;quot;колготы&amp;quot; as a synonym of &amp;quot;колготки&amp;quot; started to appear:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А для той колготы и начальников много понаставили. (1924)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кстати, черные, темные чулки (или колготы) не худят полных ног. (1988)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &amp;quot;колготки&amp;quot; has appeared in the corpus more than a decade earlier, so your teacher was right: for a while, only &amp;quot;колготки&amp;quot; was a real word, and &amp;quot;колготы&amp;quot; did not exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are the search results:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;t=100&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;req=%EA%EE%EB%E3%EE%F2%FB&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;p=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Колготы&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;t=100&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;req=%EA%EE%EB%E3%EE%F2%FB&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;p=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(distribution by year)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;t=100&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;req=%EA%EE%EB%E3%EE%F2%EA%E8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Колготки&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;t=100&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;req=%EA%EE%EB%E3%EE%F2%EA%E8&amp;amp;lang=ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(distribution by year)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-01-22T03:37:54.670" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="467" CreationDate="2013-01-22T14:23:48.913" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A widespread term — &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;электронные СМИ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which includes TV, radio and internet media.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1377" LastActivityDate="2013-01-22T14:23:48.913" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1790" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1791" CreationDate="2013-01-23T00:23:51.070" Score="7" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is dative case used in the following for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;месяцы в году&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  игры на снегу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no sentence, so how can there be an indirect object..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2013-02-25T15:03:23.380" LastActivityDate="2013-02-25T15:03:23.380" Title="Dative case in subjects and titles" Tags="&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1790" CreationDate="2013-01-23T03:11:01.313" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although the word forms match dative letter-for-letter, the stress falls on another syllable, giving you a hint that something fishy is going on. Indeed, this is not dative: it is &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/405/426&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;locative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, one of a lesser-known cases of Russian nouns. &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locative_case#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;According to Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, approximately 150 masculine nouns retain a distinct form for the locative case, used only after &amp;quot;в&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;на&amp;quot;. These forms end in &amp;quot;-у́&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;-ю́&amp;quot;&#xA;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лежать на снегу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Стоять на краю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-01-23T17:05:12.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1792" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1770" CreationDate="2013-01-23T13:26:02.087" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're searching for &lt;strong&gt;mobbing&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;bullying&lt;/strong&gt; term, maybe word &lt;code&gt;наезд&lt;/code&gt; would suit you well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Меня задолбало терпеть их наезды.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I would personally prefer to use a verb when trying to descript &lt;strong&gt;bullying&lt;/strong&gt;, because of much more options. So, you can use a verb &lt;code&gt;наезжать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На меня постоянно все наезжают.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could also use a profanity &lt;code&gt;доебываться&lt;/code&gt;, a good old phrase &lt;code&gt;катить бочку&lt;/code&gt; and a jargonic &lt;code&gt;крошить батон&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1090" LastActivityDate="2013-01-23T13:26:02.087" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1770" CreationDate="2013-01-23T14:29:06.563" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/argo/53_2486&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Гноби́ть&lt;/a&gt;, загноби́ть&lt;/strong&gt; — травить, угнетать, притеснять, изводить, приставать, давить, преследовать, докучать, надоедать, раздражать, несправедливо критиковать с целью выжать с места или устранить из круга конкурентов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%F2%F0%E5%F2%E8%F0%EE%E2%E0%F2%FC&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Третировать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; — обращаться с кем-либо пренебрежительно, свысока, враждебно и агрессивно; не считаться с кем-либо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чмори́ть, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/argo/53_16039&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;чмари́ть&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/argo/53_16054&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;чмыри́ть&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (школьный, подростковый сленг) ~ гнобить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2013-01-30T01:26:49.357" LastActivityDate="2013-01-30T01:26:49.357" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1794" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-23T20:31:46.067" Score="7" ViewCount="357" Body="&lt;p&gt;Did it disappear in some transitional period or later, when Modern Russian already existed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-01-24T11:09:59.477" LastActivityDate="2013-01-25T12:54:52.390" Title="When did (Old) Russian lose its Plusquamperfect?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1794" CreationDate="2013-01-24T01:14:49.667" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The point is the Russian Plusquamperfect hasn't disappeared, it is still used with a bit transformed meaning and it is used with its normal meaning in Russian dialects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the 17th century its meaning changed and it began to mean an action which was going to start, but didn't start for some reason: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;em&gt;было собрался&lt;/em&gt; идти, но передумал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search_answer/?s=%EF%EB%FE%F1%EA%E2%E0%EC%EF%E5%F0%F4%E5%EA%F2)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The typical beginning of the Russian fairy tales, &lt;code&gt;жили-были&lt;/code&gt;, is an example of the Plusquamperfect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a &lt;a href=&quot;http://danefae.org/pprs/zhivov2/petruxin.pdf&quot;&gt;detailed study&lt;/a&gt; of the Russian Plusquamperfect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-01-24T01:14:49.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1796" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1765" CreationDate="2013-01-24T13:24:04.463" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мартышка&quot; reflects disparaging attitude. Marmosets are small, ugly and human-like (that is why this word often may be used in Russian to offend African American). &quot;Мартыха&quot; may be possible as a poetical description of some very big marmoset, deserving respect. But nobody ever seen marmosets like those.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a reverse example you may take &quot;Гиббон&quot;. There is no stable form &quot;Гиббонишка&quot;, because Gibbons are big apes, they are strong, noble, and deserving respect by their own nature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just as an example, try to analyze also word &quot;Америкашка&quot;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1372" LastActivityDate="2013-01-24T13:24:04.463" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1797" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-24T20:09:07.413" Score="2" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently Russian has obtained two more clichés of which I am not quite certain how to use them properly. The clichés are &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a) вот это вот (всё)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a humorous pattern or should it be taken seriously? When is it normally used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other one is something I call 'explanative ellipsis'. It is typically represented in b) monologous speech going like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Statement A. =&gt;&lt;br/&gt; &#xA;  =&gt; Ну как [Statement A repeated]? =&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  =&gt; Statement A elaborated transforming into Statement B.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-01-24T20:42:08.007" LastActivityDate="2013-01-28T02:51:01.827" Title="Two communicative patterns: how typical are they?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;социолингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1797" CreationDate="2013-01-24T20:34:04.530" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for point a), it's an Internet meme. It originated from this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24XBX0Wkmpw&quot;&gt;YouTube video&lt;/a&gt;. Света из Иваново is speaking uneducated Russian, the phrase is &lt;code&gt;овощи, там, рожь, вот это всё&lt;/code&gt;. Another meme from this video is &lt;code&gt;более лучше&lt;/code&gt;, which is surely ungrammatical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase &lt;code&gt;вот это всё&lt;/code&gt; is used jokingly, after an enumeration, like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я люблю разных зверей: котиков, собачек, зайчиков, вот это всё.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-01-24T20:34:04.530" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1799" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-24T20:54:39.663" Score="3" ViewCount="657" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Does it have anything in common with Sanskrit चषक (casaaka) = bowl, glass, cup, wine, liquour? Please avoid elliptic definitions like 'it is a diminutive from 'чаша'.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли у слова что-либо общее с санскритским चषक (casaaka) = &quot;кубок, стакан, чашка, вино, сладкий винный напиток&quot;? Пожалуйста, избегайте эллиптических определений наподобие &quot;это уменьшительное от слова &quot;чаша&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-01-27T18:43:55.220" LastActivityDate="2013-01-27T18:43:55.220" Title="What is the etymology of чашка? Какова этимология слова &quot;чашка&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1799" CreationDate="2013-01-24T21:16:32.763" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am inclined to think there is no etymological connection between the Russian and Sanskrit words. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://glossword.info/index.php/term/,6ea3ab6f59585e926e6b6a9a5aa4a459955b71a460a6a9545b575aa5589aa2565958989a61a69f5e6e939fa1b05c5cacaab198aa5dac9a5761.xhtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;dictionary&lt;/a&gt; says about Russian &lt;code&gt;чаша&lt;/code&gt;: &quot;Более предпочтительным кажется толкование *kesja &gt; чаша как суф. образования от *кесати &gt; чесать в значении &quot;чесать, отделять, резать, долбить&quot;. В таком случае чаша буквально — &quot;деревянная выдолбленная или вырезанная посуда&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the Sanskrit &lt;code&gt;cashaka&lt;/code&gt; is apparently connected with the Sanskrit verbal root &lt;code&gt;cash&lt;/code&gt; - &quot;to eat.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-01-24T21:16:32.763" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1794" CreationDate="2013-01-25T12:00:04.130" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It didn't. Modern Russian has three tenses (present, past and future), but in addition its verbs are either perfect or imperfect, like &quot;приходить&quot; &amp;amp; &quot;прийти&quot;. Example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He was coming to conclusion at that time. == Он тогда приходил к заключению.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the verb (приходить) means that process was in making. However&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He had come to conclusion at that time. == Он тогда пришел к заключению.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the verb (Прийти) means that at time considered in the sentence the result is already achieved. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short 'perfectness' of verb tense have moved from grammar to vocabulary and is defined not by form of the verb, but by the verb used. The 'perfect' verbs are not full-fledged and do not have some forms 'imperfect' ones have. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="334" LastEditDate="2013-01-25T12:54:52.390" LastActivityDate="2013-01-25T12:54:52.390" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1802" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-25T17:24:44.973" Score="5" ViewCount="415" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильно ли написание &quot;Вы&quot; со строчной буквы в Интернете? Является ли подобное написание трендом?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it correct to spell Вы (you 2nd.p. pl.) with lower case letter on the Internet? Is it a trend?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-01-26T08:22:32.480" LastActivityDate="2013-01-26T08:22:32.480" Title="Правописание местоимения 2 л. мн.ч. в Интернете / Correct spelling of 2nd pl. pronoun on the Internet" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1802" CreationDate="2013-01-25T17:35:10.577" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you are referring to an individual person to whom you are being polite or expressing respect, you should use an uppercase &lt;em&gt;В&lt;/em&gt; regardless where you use it: in a book, in a letter, in an internet post, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason you're seeing it often written in internet post starting with the lowercase &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; is quite simple: speed.  People tend to shorten words and make shortcuts in order to express their thoughts quicker.  It is (for some unknown to me reason) assumed that on the internet one should write as little as possible - using shorthand, abbreviations, etc. - just to get the thought is put across. This in turns translates into the desire to use as few as possible keystrokes. Writing &lt;em&gt;Вы&lt;/em&gt; starting with a capital letter would mean to press &lt;strong&gt;[Shift]&lt;/strong&gt; button one more time, which means more time taken to complete the post.  Hence a lot of people don't do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other simple reason is that many people simple disregard the fact that you should use capital &lt;em&gt;В&lt;/em&gt; in this scenario and use lowercase letter everywhere, including hand-written texts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to answer your question, it is not &lt;em&gt;correct&lt;/em&gt; spelling, but it is a spelling that just came to be.  People accept it, just as people accept others making other grammatical mistakes. As for it being a trend, I wouldn't say that it's a trend in itself, it's part of the trend to shorten everything, including the number of key presses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2013-01-25T17:35:10.577" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1802" CreationDate="2013-01-25T20:13:17.297" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This specific question has been &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/20081022205917/http://www.yandex.ru/info/you_full.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;formally answered by the Russian Language Institute&lt;/a&gt; in July of 2000. The recommendation is not to capitalize &amp;quot;вы&amp;quot; when writing for the Internet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы, Ваш пишутся с прописной буквы при обращении к одному лицу в текстах следующих жанров:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(а) личное письмо (адресат - конкретное лицо; факультативное написание - выбор определяет сам пишущий, выражая/ не выражая вежливое или уважительное отношение к адресату);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(б) официальные документы (адресат - конкретное лицо, отношение пишущего к адресату не имеет значения);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(в) анкеты (адресат - неконкретное лицо; отношение пишущего к адресату не имеет значения).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поскольку большинство текстов Интернета не соответствуют условиям (а), (б), (в) написания Вы с прописной буквы (сообщения электронной почты не являются личными письмами в традиционном смысле слова), можно рекомендовать написание вы, ваш при обращении к читателям/ посетителям страницы в Интернете со строчной буквы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Вы&amp;quot; is capitalized in texts of these three genres:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(а) Personal letters (addressed to a specific person; this is optional - the decision is up to the writer, who wishes or does not wish to express additional respect to the addressee)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(б) Official documents (addressed to a specific person, regardless of whether or not the writer would like to express additional respect to the addressee)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(в) Official forms (not addressed to anyone in particular, regardless of whether or not the writer would like to express additional respect to the addressee)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the majority of Internet texts do not meet the conditions (а), (б), (в) for capitalizing of &amp;quot;Вы&amp;quot; (e-mails are not personal correspondence in the traditional meaning of the word), we recommend writing &amp;quot;вы&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;ваш&amp;quot; without capitalizing the first letter when referring to readers / visitors of your site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-01-25T20:13:17.297" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1734" CreationDate="2013-01-26T11:56:08.577" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;this is a polite way to say no. that's it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1385" LastActivityDate="2013-01-26T11:56:08.577" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1767" CreationDate="2013-01-26T11:59:41.143" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это также может значить &quot;напиться&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1385" LastActivityDate="2013-01-26T11:59:41.143" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1808" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1814" CreationDate="2013-01-26T22:22:44.513" Score="8" ViewCount="369" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to my teacher, the former means that &quot;I will most definitely call you&quot;, while the latter means that &quot;I'll maybe call you, but it's not likely&quot;; something you would say after a bad date. But somehow I'm still skeptical. Is my teacher right? Is it true that when you use the совершенный вид (in the future tense), you are guaranteeing to do something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1349" LastEditorUserId="426" LastEditDate="2013-01-27T07:12:27.067" LastActivityDate="2019-04-02T19:10:24.707" Title="&quot;Позвоню тебе&quot; vs &quot;Буду звонить тебе&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1808" CreationDate="2013-01-26T23:33:00.597" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the teacher really says so, they're wrong. The two have rather close meaning (the latter might imply repetitive action, though, as in: &lt;code&gt;Я буду звонить тебе по пятницам&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;...пока не дозвонюсь&lt;/code&gt;).&#xA;Both imply the same level of &quot;probability&quot; or &quot;enthusiasm&quot; or whatnot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yes, you probably mean &lt;code&gt;позвоню&lt;/code&gt;, not &lt;code&gt;позову&lt;/code&gt; (both translate to &quot;call&quot;, but &lt;code&gt;звать&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;to call&quot;, as in &quot;The dinner's ready&quot;. And it's &lt;code&gt;[не]совершенный вид&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="160" LastEditorUserId="160" LastEditDate="2013-01-27T00:05:50.047" LastActivityDate="2013-01-27T00:05:50.047" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1770" CreationDate="2013-01-27T03:47:22.127" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Surprisingly, one term was omitted from the previous answers. Similar to &lt;em&gt;гнобить&lt;/em&gt; there is a verb &lt;em&gt;клевать&lt;/em&gt;, which literally means “to peck”, and figuratively often used in a sense that this question is inquiring about:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Совсем заклевали бедолагу!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That figurative meaning of this verb (in its perfective aspect) stems from the practise of some species of birds to peck the weak and the ill amongst themselves to death when there is not enough feed, or simply to rid the flock from the weakest link.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastActivityDate="2013-01-27T03:47:22.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1812" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1813" CreationDate="2013-01-27T07:52:32.377" Score="4" ViewCount="221" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm writing a poem in Russian, and maybe I'm tired, but I'm kind of stuck on one particular word. Here's the couplet I'm working on right now:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мне теперь не до твоего смол-тока&#xA;  &lt;br&gt;&#xA;  о японском пиве заискивающегося&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The basic meaning is &quot;Right now, I have no time for your ingratiating small talk about Japanese beer.&quot; (By the way, &quot;ingratiating&quot; coordinates with &quot;small talk.&quot; I can't move the words around because it breaks my rhyme scheme.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My dad tells me that &lt;em&gt;заискивающегося&lt;/em&gt; doesn't really exist, as such (but Google does turn up a few results). He also says that I should use &lt;em&gt;заискивающего&lt;/em&gt;, but I'm not 100% sure. Something is off with my coordination here (I think we can ask the question &quot;Какого смол-тока?&quot; to test it), but I'm still confused. Can someone please help?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1388" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2013-02-25T09:09:57.557" LastActivityDate="2013-02-25T09:09:57.557" Title="Заискивающего or заискивающегося?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1813" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1812" CreationDate="2013-01-27T08:06:28.423" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, poetic language is more liberate than &quot;standard&quot; one. In Russian poetic tradition it is not that rare to change, for example, word stressing in order to make sound things more pleasant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word you've mentioned, &lt;code&gt;заискивающегося&lt;/code&gt; indeed is de-facto not used in Russian Language, but at the same time it is understandable to that extent that can not be even named neologism, just a specific verb form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is actually a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_verb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;reflexive verb&lt;/a&gt;, the postfix &lt;code&gt;-ся&lt;/code&gt; turns the verb to reflexiveness. To put it simple it means, that the subject and the object of the action, indicated by that verb is the same. So it is something like it is small-talk that is about (making up to) get some Japanese beer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to conclude, yes, you can use this form (if you 100% sure what you are exactly meaning), no one will blame you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-01-27T08:17:21.680" LastActivityDate="2013-01-27T08:17:21.680" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1808" CreationDate="2013-01-27T15:31:36.170" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, disclaimer: If your teacher is a native Russian, he/she probably is as good in Russian as most of us here. The only benefit here is in teamwork: numerous people can see an answer and vote on it. :-) Also, the situation in the question is re-told here by you. Maybe, your teacher said it in a slightly different context. Having said that let's proceed to my answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not agree with Lev Levitsky answer's first lines that the teacher is wrong. (Note, that Lev also puts disclaimer: &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;if the teacher really says so&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you see the two phrases bare as you put them, the first visible big difference in meaning is that &lt;code&gt;позвоню&lt;/code&gt; means single action and &lt;code&gt;буду звонить&lt;/code&gt; &lt;em&gt;usually&lt;/em&gt; means repetitive action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if we put it in the context like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Позвоню тебе в 5 часов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Буду звонить тебе в 5 часов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the second difference comes apparent. &amp;quot;&lt;code&gt;Позвоню&lt;/code&gt;&amp;quot; means a completed action. Something like: I will try and in the end &lt;em&gt;you will have been called&lt;/em&gt; (I transformed the phrase to passive to make my point more apparent). &amp;quot;&lt;code&gt;Буду звонить&lt;/code&gt;&amp;quot; means just that that I will dial the number and if the telephone network does not connect me, so be it: I was calling you but did not get through.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is only a hint in meaning. Some people will say &amp;quot;&lt;code&gt;позвоню&lt;/code&gt;&amp;quot; and really mean just &amp;quot;&lt;code&gt;буду звонить&lt;/code&gt;&amp;quot;. But if you are a recipient of this message (somebody will call you), &amp;quot;&lt;code&gt;позвоню&lt;/code&gt;&amp;quot; gives you a little bit more confidence that you will receive the call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-01-27T15:38:13.487" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1797" CreationDate="2013-01-28T02:51:01.827" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it's worth to clarify that phrase &lt;code&gt;вот это всё&lt;/code&gt; is grammatically correct and before that video it was not humorous. But the whole sentence &lt;code&gt;овощи, там, рожь, вот это всё&lt;/code&gt; renders the speaker unable to build fine sentences and inexperienced in formal speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, as Yellow Sky already said, b) is not new, it's widely used in oral speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I hope I have not messed up English grammar too much :))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1376" LastActivityDate="2013-01-28T02:51:01.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1817" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1818" CreationDate="2013-01-28T05:15:10.050" Score="9" ViewCount="558" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first person singular verb conjugation in the present tense is always different from other verb conjugations, so why the need to use &quot;Я&quot; at all in those cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, can't you just say &quot;Занимаюсь&quot; instead of &quot;Я занимаюсь&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1349" LastActivityDate="2013-02-15T15:02:33.310" Title="Why do you need to use Я with verbs in the present tense?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1817" CreationDate="2013-01-28T06:00:15.110" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are indeed some languages where there is a stable tradition of skipping of personal pronouns, especially when you can deduce all relevant information from the verb conjugation. Romance languages are nice example of this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But even in such languages it is not absolutely inappropriate to use personal pronouns. For example, you almost always say &lt;code&gt;te quiero&lt;/code&gt; in Spanish, but saying &lt;code&gt;yo te quiero&lt;/code&gt; wouldn't be a linguistical offense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian it is almost opposite: though personal pronouns are used in the majority of cases, form without pronouns is also 100% appropriate and understandable. But definitely untypical. You are asking why, but it is exactly that case when we can confidently name cultural tradition as main reason.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet, there are some features of Russian languages that give us hints why impersonal form had not became dominating. First, in past tense verb form is not so informative. Saying  just &lt;code&gt;занимался&lt;/code&gt; can be both &lt;code&gt;он занимался&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;я занимался&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ты занимался&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;Любили&lt;/code&gt; stands for &lt;code&gt;они/мы/вы любили&lt;/code&gt;. And it is not that typical to have completely different approaches in constructing the sentence regarding which tense is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, there is such thing in Russian like &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;неопределённо-личные предолжения&lt;/a&gt;. In such sentences, there is a subject of the action implied, though this subject is not mentioned directly in order to make the notion of action itself more valuable. So, actually, some verbs are without personal pronoun in some well established contexts and, thus, such verbs have different meaning in personal and impersonal form. Classical example of such pair is &lt;code&gt;говорят&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;они говорят&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-02-15T14:41:31.237" LastActivityDate="2013-02-15T14:41:31.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1817" CreationDate="2013-01-28T06:12:43.503" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can safely omit &lt;code&gt;Я&lt;/code&gt; when answering a question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Чем ты сейчас занимаешься?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -Работаю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Сигареты не найдётся?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -Не курю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other cases it's common not to skip &lt;code&gt;Я&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1376" LastActivityDate="2013-01-28T06:12:43.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1817" CreationDate="2013-01-28T08:23:55.380" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can omit any pronoun with a verb in any tense when answering a question that contains a subject. Asking questions without a pronoun is also natural in dialogs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Где-нибудь был вчера?&#xA;  — Да, в кино ходил.&#xA;  — А завтра что собираешься делать?&#xA;  — Дома останусь, скорее всего.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, when someone has power over you, he can omit pronoun, usually in past tense, when giving an order or asking something in a rude form. For example, your sergeant can say something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Подошли ко мне, быстро!&#xA;  — Упал-отжался!&#xA;  — Куда собрался?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastEditorUserId="959" LastEditDate="2013-01-28T09:27:38.620" LastActivityDate="2013-01-28T09:27:38.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1817" CreationDate="2013-01-28T08:47:27.447" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like many other languages, Russian has many traits borrowed  from its neighbours throughout its history. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditionally, two European languages has been influencing Russian with their paradigms. These languages are German and French. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both canonical structures in German and French require mandatory pronouns in 1st.p. sg. indicative (alongside with other grammatical persons), although both languages distinguish personal verb forms. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore personal pronouns are required in official/'underlings' ' speech styles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conversational/patronising speech style the pronouns may be omitted as a sign of 'rustic', or 'rude' style (see the samples given), or as markers of shorter social distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-01-28T08:56:34.667" LastActivityDate="2013-01-28T08:56:34.667" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1734" CreationDate="2013-01-28T16:04:14.547" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;no&quot;. Particle &quot;да&quot;, besides its main affirmative meaning, has &lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru/%D0%B4%D0%B0/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/#lingvo/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;many others&lt;/a&gt;. In this case, &quot;да&quot; is an emphatic particle, similar to &quot;but&quot; or &quot;nay&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1391" LastActivityDate="2013-01-28T16:04:14.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1824" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6820" CreationDate="2013-01-28T18:03:12.283" Score="10" ViewCount="1194" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the origin of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;переборщить&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I really do doubt it has something in common with Russian soup &lt;strong&gt;борщ&lt;/strong&gt;. Another hypothesis was that it is somehow related to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;перебор&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in this meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Derived from the verb &lt;strong&gt;перебрать&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Взять, набрать лишку. Вы перебрали жалованья за прошлый месяц десять&#xA;  рублей. У вас пайковой дачи перебрано лишку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В. Даль Толковый словарь живого великорусского языка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ПЕРЕБО́Р, переборка, муж. (разг.).&#xA;  1. Излишек чего-нибудь, взятый сверх надлежащего количества. Перебор по текущему счету.&#xA;  2. Излишнее количество очков на взятых игроком картах (карт.).&#xA;  3. Механизм токарного станка, служащий для уменьшения скорости вращения шпинделя (тех.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Толковый словарь Ушакова. Д.Н. Ушаков. 1935-1940.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, then there is one contradiction (maybe it actually isn't, what do you think?) : the continuous form of &lt;strong&gt;переборщить&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;перебарщивать&lt;/strong&gt;, o there is actually vowel alternation in the stem ( &lt;strong&gt;а - о&lt;/strong&gt;), whereas in cognate words of &lt;strong&gt;перебор&lt;/strong&gt; there is another type of gradation (&lt;strong&gt;и - о - выпадение&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In search for the answer I found materials on:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://otvety.google.ru/otvety/thread?tid=098f2493d7a269bb&quot;&gt;ответы Гугл&lt;/a&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;gramota.ru  ( it seems that I share Chernykh's opinion ):&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Связь слов переборщить и борщ  не исключена: в словаре В. И. Даля&#xA;  дается слово борщить, которое в южных диалектах означает 'лить через&#xA;  край, слишком много'. Впрочем, П. Я. Черных в&#xA;  «Историко-этимологическом словаре русского языка» указывает: «Что&#xA;  касается глаг. переборщить – перебарщивать, то это позднее неуклюжее&#xA;  новообразование, известное лишь с начала XX в., происходит,&#xA;  по-видимому, не от борщ, а... от переборка, ср. далее перебрать».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is your opinion on the etymology of this word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T14:16:47.643" Title="Etymology of &quot;переборщить&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1812" CreationDate="2013-01-28T22:35:50.237" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am sorry about it, but I simply &lt;strong&gt;have to&lt;/strong&gt; write this answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably the reason for your confusion is that you have a very good intuition in languages. The problem here is not whether to choose &lt;strong&gt;заискивающий&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;заискивающийся&lt;/strong&gt;, but with the choice of the word itself and, which is more important, the government.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OK. If you leave the word &lt;strong&gt;заискивающий&lt;/strong&gt; in your poem, then it needs to be followed by preposition &lt;strong&gt;перед&lt;/strong&gt; and the word must be in Instrumental. It should look like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мне теперь не до твоего смол-тока,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;перед&lt;/strong&gt; японск&lt;strong&gt;им&lt;/strong&gt; пив&lt;strong&gt;ом&lt;/strong&gt; заискивающего.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually here the usage is not quite correct, too: one can be ingratiating oneself with &lt;strong&gt;somebody&lt;/strong&gt;, not &lt;strong&gt;something&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the other problem is that this word doesn't correspond with your desired translation. &lt;strong&gt;Заискивающий (перед кем-то)&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;ingratiating oneself (with somebody)&lt;/strong&gt;. For reference you can browse &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/805334&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Academica&lt;/a&gt;, where you can find extracts from different dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What could have caused the wrong usage of &lt;strong&gt;заискивать&lt;/strong&gt;? Maybe this word resembles the word &lt;strong&gt;заикаться о&lt;/strong&gt; ( &lt;strong&gt;заикнуться о&lt;/strong&gt;), which means &lt;strong&gt;yпоминать вскользь, осторожно, намёками&lt;/strong&gt; and  &lt;strong&gt;could&lt;/strong&gt; be used in your case, but it is very different in terms of stylistics, and I personally wouldn't use it here (it seems that the customs worker is quite enthusiastic about Japanese beer and talks about it continuously). Just remember the phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Даже не заикайся!&quot;&lt;/code&gt;   or &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Он было заикнулся о поездке, но суровый вид отца напомнил ему о том, что он наказан.&quot;&lt;/code&gt; (Poor guy from my imagination! =))&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reference to this word : (&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/searchall.php?SWord&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://dic.academic.ru/searchall.php?SWord&lt;/a&gt;=заикаться)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll be adding my ideas of how those two lines could be translated here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far I have come up with some simplified versions (i.e. they are shorter than the original):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мне теперь не до твоего смол-тока (about what?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;о (всех - optional) прелестях пива японского&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    о японцах с их пивом (add suitable beer characteristics here) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both of them show that the traveler is ironic about both the beer and the customs worker's enthusiasm. However, here the obsequiousness of the small talk is not directly mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="1329" LastEditDate="2013-01-30T19:34:23.927" LastActivityDate="2013-01-30T19:34:23.927" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1824" CreationDate="2013-01-29T03:27:27.863" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion it's a made up word. It's just a combination of &lt;code&gt;перебор&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;борщ&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;Похоже на &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot;&gt;народную этимологию&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1376" LastEditorUserId="1376" LastEditDate="2013-01-29T03:52:12.570" LastActivityDate="2013-01-29T03:52:12.570" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1812" CreationDate="2013-01-29T06:43:23.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that it might be a derivative from &lt;em&gt;искать - to search&lt;/em&gt; and mean &lt;em&gt;to search intensively, to get lost in search&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, it might be a metonymy. There are 2 people here: the author and the one who wants to talk. The latter is interested in Japanese beer and searches for information about it. The author attributes this characteristic to the words of the one who is talking, which results in saying that the small talk is intensively searching for information about beer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, it doesn't have to do anything with the verb &lt;em&gt;заискивать - to fawn upon smb&lt;/em&gt;, reflexive suffix and unusual preposition need not to be explained in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2013-01-29T06:43:23.020" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1828" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1831" CreationDate="2013-01-29T17:19:08.940" Score="3" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a word &lt;code&gt;тестировать&lt;/code&gt; in modern Russian which differs from &lt;code&gt;проверять&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;испытывать&lt;/code&gt; (both of these has wider meaning). This word has also colloquial form &lt;code&gt;тестить&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;I want to ask, regarding de-facto existing rules of word formation in Russian, which derived adjective is more appropriate: &lt;code&gt;оттесченный&lt;/code&gt; (or even  &lt;code&gt;оттесщенный&lt;/code&gt; compare to &lt;code&gt;обесчестить&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;обесчещенный&lt;/code&gt;) or &lt;code&gt;оттестенный&lt;/code&gt;? Or may be some other form? Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-01-31T04:40:43.097" LastActivityDate="2013-01-31T11:42:53.097" Title="&quot;Оттесченный&quot; or &quot;оттестенный&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;информатика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1828" CreationDate="2013-01-29T17:21:40.143" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word you are looking for is &lt;em&gt;протестированный&lt;/em&gt;. If you want to sound a little more formal, &lt;em&gt;прошедший тестирование&lt;/em&gt; is for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="38" LastActivityDate="2013-01-29T17:21:40.143" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1828" CreationDate="2013-01-29T18:38:25.710" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that &quot;оттестированный&quot; (compare to &quot;ремонтировать&quot;/&quot;отремонтированный&quot;) would be a better choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="426" LastEditDate="2013-01-29T18:43:26.167" LastActivityDate="2013-01-29T18:43:26.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1828" CreationDate="2013-01-29T20:02:56.710" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because the word &lt;code&gt;тестить&lt;/code&gt; is colloquial and kind of funny it would be logical to use &lt;code&gt;оттестенный&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Saying &quot;logical&quot; I mean that the word &lt;code&gt;оттестенный&lt;/code&gt; needs to break some rules to be funny. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Оттесченный&lt;/code&gt; may be more proper by the rules, but it sounds to me as if it is derived from the verb &lt;code&gt;чесать&lt;/code&gt; somehow. As if somebody wanted to say &lt;code&gt;отчесанный&lt;/code&gt; but misspoke. :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2013-01-29T20:02:56.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1828" CreationDate="2013-01-29T23:19:10.740" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;At work I can say: Те́стить(imperfect) → Проте́стить(perfect) → Проте́щенный(derived adjective) and coworkers will understand me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably, grammatically more correct is протеСЩенный or протеСТЩенный, but it's hard to pronounce, in colloquial speech it shorten to single &quot;щ&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2013-01-30T00:36:45.910" LastActivityDate="2013-01-30T00:36:45.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1833" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1051" CreationDate="2013-01-30T00:26:19.577" Score="10" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As it was noted, &lt;em&gt;врач&lt;/em&gt; by definition is of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_grammar#Second_declension_-_masculine_nouns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; declension&lt;/a&gt;, and has nothing to do with feminine words of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_grammar#Third_declension&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; declension&lt;/a&gt;, such as &lt;em&gt;ночь&lt;/em&gt;. More generally, the &lt;em&gt;fem.&lt;/em&gt; forms of words are not constructed by fixing “&lt;em&gt;ь&lt;/em&gt;” to the end of the &lt;em&gt;m.&lt;/em&gt; form (likewise, there is no masculine &lt;em&gt;ноч&lt;/em&gt;). In modern Russian the letter “&lt;em&gt;ь&lt;/em&gt;” has signal function of pronunciation, although it had some morphological function before, as some scientists think.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The form &lt;em&gt;врачь&lt;/em&gt; already exists, and has been used extensively throughout history:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wMrt5.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don’t know if there were any morphological differences historically between &lt;em&gt;врачь&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;врачъ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;врач&lt;/em&gt; (although I am in the process of obtaining some print sources on their origins), sometimes they had been used interchangeably. I even saw in compendium of the laws of Russian Empire for 1838 how both &lt;em&gt;врачь&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;врачъ&lt;/em&gt; had been used in adjacent paragraphs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Examples&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See examples below, at the tail of Russian version. Note the 1790 classic, where the female character uses the word, but declines it according to 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; declension, as masculine: “&lt;em&gt;врачь присланный къ тебѣ&lt;/em&gt;” (“healer that was sent to you”); then 1886 specific clarification “&lt;em&gt;женщина врачь&lt;/em&gt;” (“woman doctor”), and 1916 entry in the British-published dictionary where “&lt;em&gt;ъ&lt;/em&gt;” on the end was the pre-reform standard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как уже было отмечено, &lt;em&gt;врач&lt;/em&gt; — по определению слово второго склонения и не имеет никакого отношения к словам ж. р. третьего склонения, таким как &lt;em&gt;ночь&lt;/em&gt;. Вообще, формы ж. р. не образовываются добавкой мягкого знака к концу форм м. р (также, нет формы м. р. &lt;em&gt;ноч&lt;/em&gt;). В современном русском языке буква «Ь» имеет сигнальную функцию в произношении, хотя она имела некую морфологическую функцию ранее, как думают некоторые учёные.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Форма &lt;em&gt;врачь&lt;/em&gt; уже была используема ранее (см. график выше). Я не знаю была ли исторически какая-то морфологическая разница между словами &lt;em&gt;врачь&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;врачъ&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;врач&lt;/em&gt; (хотя я в настоящее время нахожусь в процессе получения печатных источников), но иногда они были взаимозаменяемы. Я даже видел в сборнике законов Российской Империи от 1838 года, как &lt;em&gt;врачь&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;врачъ&lt;/em&gt; были использованы в соседних параграфах.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Примеры&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У Радищева («Путешествiе изъ Петербурга въ Москву», &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=-Mg2AAAAMAAJ&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;hl=ru#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;издание 1905 г.&lt;/a&gt; «сохраняя правописанiе перваго его изданiя 1790 года»):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5LboV.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обратите внимание, как женщина, называя себя врачом, использует его как м. р., II склонения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Л. Ф. Змеев в своём сборнике &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=ivEWAAAAYAAJ&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;hl=ru#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;«Русскiе врачи писатели»&lt;/a&gt; (1886) даже отметил «женщина врачь»:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZXpHB.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В 1916 году в &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=2VBEAAAAIAAJ&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;hl=ru#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;словаре Джона Генри Фриза&lt;/a&gt; твёрдый знак был дореформенным стандартом:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/pws6S.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-01-30T01:59:28.530" LastActivityDate="2013-01-30T01:59:28.530" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1834" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1845" CreationDate="2013-01-30T19:59:31.873" Score="7" ViewCount="340" Body="&lt;p&gt;While reading Osip Mandelshtam, I came across the word &lt;strong&gt;качель&lt;/strong&gt; in singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я качался в далеком саду&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      На простой деревянной качели,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      И высокие темные ели&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      Вспоминаю в туманном бреду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern language the word, as far as I know, is always used in plural (&lt;em&gt;plurale tantum&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When and why did &lt;em&gt;качель&lt;/em&gt; become &lt;em&gt;качели&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Did it, perhaps, happen in another direction?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is this process called in linguistics?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are both forms legal nowadays?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T10:19:40.963" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T10:19:40.963" Title="&quot;Качели&quot; vs. &quot;качель&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1834" CreationDate="2013-01-30T20:43:16.513" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main use of this word nowdays is &quot;качели&quot;, you are right, it is always used in plural. But   the usage of &quot;качели&quot; in singular form is allowed only in author's poetic speech.: &quot;качеля&quot;. And in this poem this word is used in prepositional form &quot;качели&quot;. &#xA;P.S.: I am not a philologist, I am simply Russian, and I can only assume that this process is called &quot;архаизм&quot;. It is old word, the usage of which has changed. Maybe one century ago this word was used really in plural form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope, my explanation is understandable for you. My level of English isn't high.=))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you can read about this word. &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;I haven't found any text about when the usage was chaged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1405" LastEditorUserId="1405" LastEditDate="2013-01-30T21:04:21.947" LastActivityDate="2013-01-30T21:04:21.947" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1836" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1717" CreationDate="2013-01-31T00:19:56.247" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yellow Sky provided a perfect answer for this specific phrase about the wife. I just want to start from generic meaning of &lt;code&gt;у меня&lt;/code&gt; and then apply it to this particular case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only recently when I become better in English and got acquainted with French I realized how much Russian is fond of constructions with pronouns/nouns in objective cases (косвенных падежах) &lt;code&gt;мне&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;меня&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;у меня&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ему&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;его&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;у него&lt;/code&gt; where other languages would use subjective case. This constructions in Russian became an integral part of the language. For example, let's look at the simplest phrases which everybody learn first:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;English: My name is Alex. or I'm Alex.&#xA;French: Je m'appelle Alex. (I call myself Alex)&#xA;Russian: Меня зовут Алекс. (One calls me Alex)&#xA;&#xA;English: He is 5 years old. &#xA;French: Il a 5 ans. (He has 5 years).&#xA;Russian: Ему 5 лет. (Kind of: There are 5 years to him.)&#xA;&#xA;English: I have a sore throat.&#xA;French: J'ai mal à la gorge. (I have pain in my throat)&#xA;Russian: У меня болит горло. (Kind of: Throat hurts at me)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A common feature of all these sentences is that the subject is switched from me/him to the other thing that becomes active, or the whole sentence becomes impersonal, like &lt;code&gt;It is sunny&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;The sun is shining&lt;/code&gt; in English. In &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/1024/496&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt; I suggest that the literal translation of the constructions &lt;code&gt;у меня&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;у него&lt;/code&gt; would be 'There is smth. in my/his world of perception'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see two reasons of this phenomenon in Russian language. The first is mechanical: there is a developed system of grammatical cases, which is absent in other languages, and we do it just because we can. The second is probably cultural. From young age we are told &lt;code&gt;Я - последняя буква алфавита&lt;/code&gt; (Я is the last letter of the alphabet). This is to say &quot;do not emphasize your person too much&quot; and literally &quot;do not say &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt; too much&quot;. Maybe because of this a child would prefer to say &quot;мне хочется это пирожное&quot; instead of &quot;я хочу это пирожное&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now when you see how much these constructions are embedded in Russian language, how much they are an integral part of the language I hope you understand that a Russian native speaker couldn't help saying &quot;Какая ты &lt;em&gt;у меня&lt;/em&gt; компактная!&quot; Just &quot;Какая ты компактная&quot; would sound unnatural. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2013-01-31T00:19:56.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1839" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-01-31T18:36:21.670" Score="2" ViewCount="263" Body="&lt;p&gt;Каково семантическое поле этого глагола? Пожалуйста, предлагайте варианты в одно слово. What are semantic implications for the word? Please offer one-word Russian options; thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-01-31T23:11:50.233" LastActivityDate="2013-08-24T15:24:39.283" Title="Каковы синонимы слова &quot;очеловечиться&quot;? / What are synonyms for &quot;очеловечиться&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1839" CreationDate="2013-02-01T01:09:06.973" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Олицетвориться, персонифицироваться (в значении &quot;принять образ лица, человека&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="358" LastActivityDate="2013-02-01T01:09:06.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1817" CreationDate="2013-02-01T02:08:36.250" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that using &lt;code&gt;'I'&lt;/code&gt; in English is the way more common that using 'Я' in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have to say &lt;code&gt;'I think yes'&lt;/code&gt;, I can't just say &lt;code&gt;'think yes'&lt;/code&gt;, in Russian you can say &lt;code&gt;'думаю, да'&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most cases you say &lt;code&gt;Я&lt;/code&gt; with endings of some of the words you use in your sentence, so if you have verbs with correct endings you can omit &lt;code&gt;Я&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1409" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-02-15T14:48:09.243" LastActivityDate="2013-02-15T14:48:09.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1839" CreationDate="2013-02-01T02:13:48.313" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Очеловечение - одухотворение, оживление, олицетворение. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1409" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-08-24T15:24:39.283" LastActivityDate="2013-08-24T15:24:39.283" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1843" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-01T02:26:29.723" Score="4" ViewCount="830" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you'r being asked &lt;code&gt;-Где она?&lt;/code&gt;, you need to say &lt;code&gt;-Она пошла&lt;/code&gt;, but &lt;code&gt;Она&lt;/code&gt; was already said, it's clear that you talk about her, why you need to use that again? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1409" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-02-01T10:15:10.870" LastActivityDate="2013-02-01T17:37:14.583" Title="Why you need to say &quot;Она&quot; in sentence &quot;Она пошла&quot;?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1839" CreationDate="2013-02-01T03:30:17.427" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, the closest word I guess is &lt;code&gt;воплощение&lt;/code&gt; (and the verb derived &lt;code&gt;воплотиться&lt;/code&gt; to be precise, since you are asking about verb), one of it's meaning stands for what you are exactly for act of embodiment in flesh, or incarnation. So, in Russian  theological tradition we talk about &quot;воплощение Бога во Христе&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The very word &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;origins from&lt;/a&gt; &lt;code&gt;во плоти&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;въплъти&lt;/code&gt; , literally in flesh/in skin - in Old Slavic).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can used this word talking not only in context of Christianity. It is perfectly valid to say about reincarnation of any deity, for example, &quot;воплощение Вишну&quot; or &quot;воплощение Рамы&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is another synonymous (in some contexts) word, &lt;code&gt;претворение&lt;/code&gt; (verb form is &lt;code&gt;претвориться&lt;/code&gt;, shouldn't be confused with &lt;code&gt;притвориться&lt;/code&gt;), but be warned, as far as I know, in Christian literature it is not typical to use it in this sense. Moreover it is traditionally used in phrase eucharistic context: &quot;претворение вина в кровь, а хлеба - в тело Христово&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-02-01T12:04:45.843" LastActivityDate="2013-02-01T12:04:45.843" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1834" CreationDate="2013-02-01T04:12:09.450" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Studying n-grams, we can see that the plural form appeared before the singular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3diEG.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Noting that the number of occurrences of the form &lt;em&gt;качель&lt;/em&gt; was multiplied by five to make for a better graph, it can be seen that it was used much less than &lt;em&gt;качели&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that these results can be not very accurate in the early years. For instance, between 1740 and 1774 out of six exemplars for &lt;em&gt;качели&lt;/em&gt;, three were in a foreign language (some form of Latin) and highlighted words had nothing to do with the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct results, however, show that the word was already well established in its pl. form as evidenced in &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=CgkZAAAAYAAJ&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;pg=PP9#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;I. I. Betskoj’s book&lt;/a&gt; about laws pertaining to education of youngsters (1774):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dDyrh.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although it is possible that it means several separate &lt;em&gt;качелей&lt;/em&gt; (swings or see-saws). It is hard to tell, because Google's corpora are not indexed with grammatical number in mind (or, at least, it cannot be accessed via web-interface).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, not far from then, in &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=Dc0GAAAAQAAJ&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;pg=PP7#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Полный немецко-россiйской лексиконъ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (German-to-Russian dictionary) by Mr. Adelung (1798), sg. form is asserted just as strongly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0TPVJ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern usage both forms are used in its original sense (outside of colloquial “&lt;em&gt;туды его в качель&lt;/em&gt;”), but the singular form is rare. Modern rulebooks indeed declare it &lt;em&gt;pluralia tantum&lt;/em&gt; (allegedly, &lt;a href=&quot;http://newforum.gramota.ru/viewtopic.php?p=37447&amp;amp;sid=2d09e3aee5ad351eef9a2ea0aee1a737#p37447&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;from 1930s&lt;/a&gt;), but it still can be used in fiction. See Shishkov’s &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BC-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Угрюм-река&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (1928—1933):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mQkca.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What makes things even more complicated, the pl. gen. form that is &lt;em&gt;качелей&lt;/em&gt; now, used to be &lt;em&gt;качель&lt;/em&gt; as well, like here (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Kostomarov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kostomarov&lt;/a&gt;, late XIX century, from modern reprint):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/c4rQC.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-01T04:23:01.550" LastActivityDate="2013-02-01T04:23:01.550" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1843" CreationDate="2013-02-01T07:12:26.737" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the example you gave, it is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; strictly necessary to repeat &lt;em&gt;Она&lt;/em&gt;. As you correctly pointed out, the previous sentence is already speaking of &lt;em&gt;она&lt;/em&gt;, therefore it is clear what the conversation is about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Где она?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Ушла&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как она тебе?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Хороша!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is nothing wrong with using &lt;em&gt;она&lt;/em&gt; for the second time, however in the examples above it would only make sentences sound worse, not better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are much more likely to actually &lt;strong&gt;need&lt;/strong&gt; to use it where there's more than one (feminine or otherwise) subject (e.g. the &lt;em&gt;она&lt;/em&gt; you're talking about plus somebody/something else).  For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Где она сейчас, где ее мать?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Она - в Лондоне.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  (This means, &lt;em&gt;she is in London&lt;/em&gt;, but I am not saying anything about her mother.  On the other hand, saying simply &lt;em&gt;In London&lt;/em&gt; would mean that they both are in London.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Где она со своим другом? (Note that a better usage would be &lt;em&gt;где они&lt;/em&gt;.)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Она ушла.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  (She's gone, but I am not saying anything about her friend.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2013-02-01T07:12:26.737" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1847" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-01T12:25:11.527" Score="6" ViewCount="270" Body="&lt;p&gt;Имеется в виду буквальное значение слова. The word is meant in its literal sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2013-02-01T13:11:02.270" Title="Kакова этимология слова &quot;варяг&quot;? What is the etymology of 'varyag'?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1847" CreationDate="2013-02-01T13:11:02.270" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, it is just the ethnic name, &lt;code&gt;Vaeringjar&lt;/code&gt; in Old Islandic or &lt;code&gt;væringi&lt;/code&gt; in Old Norse. It probably got into Slavic languages via Greek &lt;code&gt;Βάραγγοι&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word itself is probably a compound of &lt;code&gt;vár&lt;/code&gt; &quot;pledge&quot; and &lt;code&gt;gengi&lt;/code&gt; &quot;companion&quot;, i.e. &quot;a sworn person&quot; or &quot;a foreigner who has taken service with a new lord by a treaty of fealty to him, or protégé&quot;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: English and Russian Wikipedia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2013-02-01T13:11:02.270" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1843" CreationDate="2013-02-01T14:59:00.310" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you answer the question with -Она пошла, you should specify where to, and that is obligatory. If you say 'она ушла', then the usage of the pronoun is arbitrary; that is, you don't always have to use it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strange enough, here I might agree with 'shabunc'; this being a partially duplicating question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2013-02-01T14:59:00.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1850" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1852" CreationDate="2013-02-01T17:15:47.153" Score="5" ViewCount="523" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am totally confused in how I should write &quot;потому что&quot;. There could be at least 4 possible options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) потому что&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) потому, что&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) по тому что&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) по тому, что&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I can tell, there should be a comma placed in this  case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он просто ходил по брусу - &lt;strong&gt;по тому, что&lt;/strong&gt; ещё его дед где-то отыскал и&#xA;  приволок в этот &quot;спортивный зал&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and, perhaps, no comma is needed here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Почему вы отказались сотрудничать с нами?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Да &lt;strong&gt;потому что&lt;/strong&gt; у вас всё перевёрнуто с ног на голову!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but I am not sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone provide an overview of the relevant rules here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2013-02-02T03:12:12.450" Title="How to write &quot;потому что&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1843" CreationDate="2013-02-01T17:37:14.583" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just a side note, which, however, could still serve as an answer. The thing is &quot;пошла&quot; could as well be a verb in the imperative mood, that is, it could mean &quot;Start walking!&quot;, &quot;Go!&quot;, &quot;Forward!&quot;, &quot;Go forward!&quot; when applied to a woman. So, if we imagine that the one who asked the question &quot;Где она?&quot; is a female, then the answer &quot;Пошла&quot; in this case would simply mean something like &quot;Start walking and don't ask stupid questions!&quot; or &quot;Start walking, and no talking!&quot; (of course, in the written speech &quot;Пошла&quot; would probably be written with an exclamation mark: &quot;Пошла!&quot;). So, to avoid that connotation, adding &quot;Она&quot; before &quot;пошла&quot; will make sure that the one who is answering is still speaking in the indicative mood, not in the imperative one, which means that he or she is still answering the question and not giving any commands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2013-02-01T17:37:14.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1852" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1850" CreationDate="2013-02-01T20:42:39.173" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Only numbers (1), (2) and (4) are correct; the number (3) is incorrect. Your post provides perfect example sentences to illustrate both cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The basic rule about commas before &quot;что&quot; is that you need one in all cases except when &quot;что&quot; is a part of an indivisible compound expression, such as &quot;во что бы то ни стало&quot;, &quot;потому что&quot;, and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;потому что&quot; is a &lt;em&gt;compound subordinating conjunction&lt;/em&gt; (составной подчинительный союз). It is a single part of speech, so normally you should not separate its two parts with a comma. &quot;по-&quot; in &quot;потому&quot; is not a separate word, it is a &lt;em&gt;prefix&lt;/em&gt;, so it is written together with &quot;-тому&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;по тому&quot;, on the other hand, is a &lt;em&gt;preposition&lt;/em&gt; (предлог) followed by a demonstrative pronoun (указательное местоимение). The word &quot;что&quot;, a &lt;em&gt;conjunction&lt;/em&gt; (изъяснительный союз), is a separate word, so the basic rule applies, i.e. you need a comma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using number (2) is an advanced subject. Consider these two comma placements:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он ей нравился, потому что был очень мужественным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он ей нравился потому, что был очень мужественным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both sentences translate roughly as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;She liked him, because he was very courageous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is that placing the comma before &quot;потому&quot; stresses the the consequence (i.e. the fact that she liked him), while placing the comma before &quot;что&quot; stresses the cause (i.e. the fact that he was courageous). This is called &quot;расчленение союза&quot; (splitting up the conjunction), and it is a somewhat non-trivial subject. You can read more about it &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramma.ru/RUS/?id=13.31&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="426" LastEditDate="2013-02-02T03:12:12.450" LastActivityDate="2013-02-02T03:12:12.450" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1647" CreationDate="2013-02-01T22:03:02.840" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just as a theory that has a chance of being true.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &quot;Кавказский пленник&quot; by А. С. Пушкин one may meet the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;Но европейца всё вниманье&#xA;Народ сей чудный привлекал.&#xA;Меж горцев пленник наблюдал&#xA;Их веру, нравы, воспитанье,&#xA;Любил их жизни простоту,&#xA;Гостеприимство, жажду брани,&#xA;Движений вольных быстроту,&#xA;И легкость ног, и силу длани;&#xA;Смотрел по целым он часам,&#xA;Как иногда черкес проворный,&#xA;Широкой степью, по горам,&#xA;В косматой шапке, в бурке черной,&#xA;К луке склонясь, на стремена&#xA;Ногою стройной опираясь,&#xA;Летал по воле скакуна,&#xA;К войне заране приучаясь.&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering the enormous success the poem enjoyed right after its publication, it had plenty of time to form some popular quotations, one of which (or the unchanged passage) could just come across someone's mind when writing the aforementioned newspaper headline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1322" LastActivityDate="2013-02-01T22:03:02.840" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1854" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-02T08:15:35.017" Score="2" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;В (древне)русском языке есть (был) набор специфических фонем. В языках, из которых осуществлялись заимствования, тоже был набор специфических фонем. Вопрос: могли ли одни и те же звуки (древне)русского языка быть обусловлены разными фонемами? Например, звук я в предположительно заимствованном слове &quot;варяг&quot;: может ли он объясняться в т.ч. и уральским e/ä? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The Old) Russian has (had) its specific set of phonemes. The languages from which the words were borrowed also had sets of phonemes specific for them. The question is, could same phonemes in (Old) Russian be results of different phonemes in source languages? E.g. я in the supposedly loaned варяг: can it be a transformation of Uralic e/ä?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-02-06T06:00:03.057" LastActivityDate="2013-02-06T10:29:33.030" Title="Are there any patterns for loanwords phonetics in Russian which are specific for a source language?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1857" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-02T19:12:01.803" Score="13" ViewCount="721" Body="&lt;p&gt;While I since had learned that linguistics works in much more mysterious ways than simply “if words sounds alike, or also mean similar things, they must be related”, for a long time I presumed that the Russian word &lt;em&gt;рыжий&lt;/em&gt; (red, ginger (of hair)) was not only related, but a direct borrowing from the French word &lt;em&gt;rouge&lt;/em&gt; (red, vermillion (colour); blush (of face)).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think, many people can make this or similar connections, and it could be useful to tell a more complex story.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Несмотря на то, что я узнал, что лингвистика ходит &lt;a href=&quot;http://elementy.ru/lib/430720#3&quot;&gt;куда более таинственными путями&lt;/a&gt;, нежели простое «если слова звучат похоже и даже имеют сходные значения, то они должны быть связаны друг с другом», долгое время я предполагал, что русское слово &lt;em&gt;рыжий&lt;/em&gt; было не только связано, но являлось прямым заимствованием французского слова &lt;em&gt;rouge&lt;/em&gt; (красный, румяный).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думаю, многие люди могут делать такое же или подобные предположения и более сложное описание этой связи может оказаться полезным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-02-02T20:38:00.100" LastActivityDate="2016-05-18T23:55:43.133" Title="Are the Russian “рыжий” and French “rouge” (red) related? / Как связаны русское «рыжий» и французское «rouge»?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;other-languages&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1857" CreationDate="2013-02-02T20:00:08.747" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Short answer.&lt;/em&gt; Yes, they are related. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Long answer.&lt;/em&gt; These words both are descending from the same PIE root  &lt;code&gt;reudh&lt;/code&gt;, which stood for indicating something related red. I use phrase something related to red, since no one knows for sure (and, alas, no one most probably will know in future) whether this root in it first meaning indicated colour and than some additional meanings(blood, red-coloured fruits or berries etc.)  had been derived; or vice versa. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, as far as I know, red is one of the few colours (if not the only one) for which we have solid evidence of common PIE origin. English words &lt;code&gt;red&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;rust&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;rusty&lt;/code&gt;, Russian words &lt;code&gt;руда&lt;/code&gt; (in some dialects of Old Russian this also meant &quot;blood&quot; by the way), &lt;code&gt;рыжий&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;рдеть&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ржавый&lt;/code&gt;, French word &lt;code&gt;rouge&lt;/code&gt;, all of them are related. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The longest answer I can provide.&lt;/em&gt; French is a Romance language but it's phonetics evolution was very intensive. If one would be asked to characterise this evolution in a single words, it wouldn't be too bold oversimplification to say reduction. For example, French word août (which &lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ao%C3%BBt&quot;&gt;is pronounced just&lt;/a&gt; &lt;code&gt;u&lt;/code&gt;) actually originally had been latin &quot;augustus&quot;. Something similar had happened to Latin word &lt;code&gt;rubeus&lt;/code&gt; (red, reddish), which had been transformed to modern &lt;code&gt;rouge&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for russian &lt;code&gt;рыжий&lt;/code&gt; it indeed is related to &lt;code&gt;рудый&lt;/code&gt; which, in turn, is related to &lt;code&gt;руда&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also one thing we always should remember almost each time when we are talking that two words in different languages are related in deep historical context: those relations are not always straightforward. It's not always that simple that there existed some word in some mother language and this word have precisely that meaning and had been derived from exactly that word. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, above mentioned Latin word &lt;code&gt;rubeus&lt;/code&gt; claimed to be originated &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rubus&quot;&gt;from&lt;/a&gt; &lt;code&gt;rubus&lt;/code&gt; (blackberry). And &lt;code&gt;rubus&lt;/code&gt; is related to &lt;code&gt;wr̥dʰo&lt;/code&gt; (some plant with red flowers, presumably sweetbrier or rose, or part of this plant) Oh, by the way, almost forget to mention that &lt;code&gt;rose&lt;/code&gt; is also related to &lt;code&gt;рыжий&lt;/code&gt;, but, once again not directly. And &lt;code&gt;wr̥dʰo&lt;/code&gt; is, once again, related to the first PIE root I've mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-05-18T23:55:43.133" LastActivityDate="2016-05-18T23:55:43.133" CommentCount="16" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1612" CreationDate="2013-02-02T22:58:33.857" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Work in progress.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many noted that the word &lt;em&gt;отличник&lt;/em&gt; has nothing to do with the grade system, and it was indeed used before the Revolution. While corporal data from both National Corpus and Google shows the usage take off &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;around 1930&lt;/a&gt;, one does not have to dig deep to find pre-revolutionary examples of this word. &lt;em&gt;Толковый словарь живаго великарускаго языка&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explanatory_Dictionary_of_the_Live_Great_Russian_language&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dahl’s &lt;em&gt;Explanatory Dictionary&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt; ed., Volume II, 1881, &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=a-8GAAAAQAAJ&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;pg=PA761#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;p. 761&lt;/a&gt;) has this entry:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zs5gE.png&quot; alt=&quot;definition of “отличник”&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be interesting to see if first edition (1863—1866) had this definition, and what other words could have been used. If I am to find more, I shall add to this post, time permitting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastActivityDate="2013-02-02T22:58:33.857" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1857" CreationDate="2013-02-03T12:33:38.903" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Polish and Bulgarian there existed, though now obsolete, words &lt;em&gt;rydzy&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;рижд&lt;/em&gt;. The latter is still used in modern Bulgarian to denote reddish-yellow color of animals (dogs and horses).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we look at the yotation table, say, here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81_j_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Изменение согласных в сочетании с j в праславянском языке&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;we will see that &lt;em&gt;ж&lt;/em&gt; in an East Slavic version of the word, &lt;em&gt;dz&lt;/em&gt; in a West Slavic one and &lt;em&gt;жд&lt;/em&gt; in a South Slavic one is a sign that the word originated in Proto-Slavic and had been a subject to yotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would give us the proto-Slavic word &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;rydjь&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The borrowing, thus, cound not happen later than VII century if at all (after that time the Slavic families were separated too much).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By that time French rouge had not acquired its modern reading yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So that's impossible that &lt;em&gt;рыжий&lt;/em&gt; is borrowed from &lt;em&gt;rouge&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-02-03T12:33:38.903" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1863" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-03T20:42:33.443" Score="1" ViewCount="226" Body="&lt;p&gt;In words like век - вечный, урок - урочный, доска - досочка or миска - мисочка. Can this be a result of Uralic influence? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В словах наподобие век - вечный, урок - урочный, доска - досочка или миска - мисочка. Может ли это быть результатом влияния уральских языков?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-02-04T03:49:12.457" LastActivityDate="2013-10-29T14:44:08.300" Title="When did the к/ч consonant alteration appear in Russian? Когда в русском языке впервые появилось чередование к/ч?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="225" CreationDate="2013-02-04T04:43:16.033" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You may use it as a closed response to an answer suggesting broader reply whenever a) you wish to emphasise that you do not wish to continue a conversation and b) the question has been asked with a reference to a subject denoting a non-existential topic - both logically and grammatically. That is, ничто is used like a form of total negation (not to be confused with a partial negation, which is expressed with ничего), e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что заставило их совершить столько идиотских поступков? (here что? is a subject-question, a form of &lt;strong&gt;complete/total negation&lt;/strong&gt;, which does not imply any existential aspect).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ничто.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Что тебе здесь нравится больше всего? (here что? is aspectually an existetial subject and therefore an answer can  be used in genitive)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ничего/ничто.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Что здесь оказалось полезно/полезным? (here что? is aspectually an existetial subject and therefore an answer can  be used in genitive)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ничего/ничто.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Что тебе может помешать?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ничто.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cf. with questions where что? is an object-question (accusative) requiring a genitive form of negative pronoun as an example of Finno-Ugric substratum. a mode of &lt;strong&gt;partial negation&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что ты читаешь?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ничего.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Что они (с)делали?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ничего.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Что ты любишь?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ничего.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Что тебе здесь пригодилось? (here что? is aspectually an existetial subject and therefore an answer can  be used in genitive)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ничего/ничто.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-02-04T18:45:48.983" LastActivityDate="2013-02-04T18:45:48.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1865" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-04T05:41:00.017" Score="-2" ViewCount="456" Body="&lt;p&gt;The case has two primary semantical roles:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;possessive, e.g. &quot;Невинность мусульман&quot; (here &quot;мусульман&quot; denotes possessors) and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;partitive, e.g. &quot;Не надо дураков&quot; (here 'дураков' denotes partial negation).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the other semantical roles of Genitive in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У падежа есть две основные грамматические роли (далее - &quot;семантические аспекты&quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;притяжательно-принадлежностное значение, например &quot;Невинность мусульман&quot; (здесь &quot;мусульман&quot; означает обладателей) и&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;парциальное, например &quot;Не надо дураков&quot; (здесь 'дураков' означает частичное отрицание).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Каковы другие семантические аспекты родительного падежа в русском?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2013-02-05T20:57:50.410" LastActivityDate="2013-09-27T11:49:14.903" Title="Semantical Role of Genitive / Значение родительного падежа" Tags="&lt;лингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1866" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-04T06:42:39.987" Score="-1" ViewCount="986" Body="&lt;p&gt;Читаем Иванова, &quot;Историческая грамматика русского языка&quot;: &quot;...в древнерусском языке противопоставление [ц'] и [ч'] на стыке корневой и флективной морфем могло иметь такой характер, что при помощи этого противопоставления различались разные словоформы, и поэтому неразличение [ц'] и [ч'] могло привести к развитию омонимов. Это наблюдалось, во-первых, в противопоставлении некоторых имен существительных с основой на -ц(ь) и однокорневых с ними притяжательных прилагательных на *ч(ь), исконно образованных с помощью суффикса [j] : заглць — запчь, корабльць —-корабльчь, льстьць — льстьчь, ловьць — ловьчь, отьць — отьчь, письць — письчь, пътица — пътича, старьць — старьчь, сълнь-це— сълньче, тельць — тельчь и др. Во-вторых, это обнаруживается в нескольких иных парах словоформ: куца („хижина&quot;) — куча, ниць— ничь („ничто&quot;), тьмьница—тьмьнича (прилаг. от тьмьникъ— „тысячник&quot;) и др. Известно, что притяжательные прилагательные с древним суффиксом [j] были относительно рано утрачены древнерусским языком. Что же касается второй группы противопоставленных слов, то и здесь в истории языка один член этой пары также был утрачен в развитии русского языка&quot;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;О древности чередования говорит и присутствие ц в словах &quot;цветок&quot; и &quot;звезда&quot; (ср. с польск. kwiat, gwiazda). Иванов объясняет это палатализацией заднеязычных, но в этом случае переход взрывных в свистящие после гласных переднего ряда (вторая палатализация) осуществлялся по закону гармонии гласных.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как все-таки происходила палатализация и нет ли в этом финно-угорского субстрата?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The passage from Ivanov's Historical Grammar of Russian (1985) quoted above renders the old к/ц palatalisation subsequently becoming ц/ч. The fact of the alteration к/ц being the most old one is also confirmed by Polish cognates of kwiat and gwiazda for Russian  цветок &amp;amp; звезда. Ivanov explains all the alterations by palatalisation of velar consonants before front vowels, yet in such a case the transition from plosives to alveolar fricatives was happening according to vowel harmony (see Ivanov : 114).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How did the palatalisation actually happen and was there any Finno-Ugric substratum as a driving power of the process?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-02-04T13:05:34.100" LastActivityDate="2013-02-20T06:01:24.020" Title="к/ц becoming к/ч in Russian: chronology and reasons? Чередование к/ц и его переход в к/ч в русском: хронология и причины?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;slavic&gt;&lt;фоносемантика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1867" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-04T20:18:30.267" Score="17" ViewCount="381" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Он ревмя ревёт.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's clear that the phrase means an intensive and, possibly, frequentative action. But what is the grammatical meaning of the phrase? Is it a productive pattern?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Понятно, что фраза означает некое интенсивное и, предположительно, фреквентативное действие. Но каково грамматическое значение фразы? Насколько продуктивна конструкция?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-02-05T09:19:34.490" LastActivityDate="2013-02-06T10:39:25.030" Title="What kind of grammatical form is this?/ Что это за грамматическая форма?" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1867" CreationDate="2013-02-05T08:59:03.047" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ревмя, кричмя, лежмя&lt;/em&gt; and similar are adverbs, derived from reduplicated nominalized verbs in dual instrumental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The traces of this now extinct number are preserved in Russian word &lt;em&gt;двумя&lt;/em&gt; (which had also influenced &lt;em&gt;тремя&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;четырьмя&lt;/em&gt;), and also in Ukrainian &lt;em&gt;очима, плечима&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This model is similar to &lt;em&gt;сидеть сиднем, волочь волоком&lt;/em&gt;; however instead of du. inst., sg. inst. is used in these examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Vinogradov, this model is quite productive due to its proximity to adverbial participles (&lt;em&gt;ревя, крича, лёжа&lt;/em&gt;), even though usage of dual is not justified anymore:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Несомненно, что в современном языке с этими группами наречий сближаются и глагольно-именные формы на &lt;em&gt;-мя, -ма&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;ливмя, лежмя, стоймя — стойма, ревмя&lt;/em&gt; и др.; ср. &lt;em&gt;плашмя.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Даже если видеть в суффиксе &lt;em&gt;-мя&lt;/em&gt; отложение древних именных флексий двойственного числа (ср.: &lt;em&gt;двумя, тремя&lt;/em&gt;), все же трудно отрицать для современного языкового сознания их морфологическую близость к наречиям типа &lt;em&gt;лежа, сидя&lt;/em&gt; и т. п. Функционально же они не отделимы от фразеологических сочетаний, возникающих из творительного усиления: &lt;em&gt;есть поедом, ходить ходуном&lt;/em&gt; и т. д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Все эти отглагольные группы наречий сближаются с наречиями образа действия. В них очень ощутительны качественно-обстоятельственные оттенки (ср.: &lt;em&gt;крадучись&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;украдкой&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;умеючи&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;умело&lt;/em&gt; и т. п.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оттенок усиления, свойственный словам &lt;em&gt;ливмя, стоймя&lt;/em&gt; и т. п., объясняется их тавтологическим или плеонастическим употреблением при словах той же основы или сходного значения (ср.: &lt;em&gt;стоном стонать, бегом бежать&lt;/em&gt; и т. п.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The adverbs &lt;em&gt;плашмя, весьма, задарма&lt;/em&gt; follow the similar model, though they are derived from nouns and pronouns, not nominalized verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-02-06T10:39:25.030" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1865" CreationDate="2013-02-06T07:45:04.390" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Процитирую Вам Розенталя. Это не является прямым ответом на ваш вопрос, но, возможно, с Вашими познаниями в языках поможет Вам самостоятельно понять некоторые ответы, благодаря тому, что приведено множество примеров использования:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В родительном падеже возможны вариантные окончания в сочетаниях типа стакан чаю – стакан чая, много народу – много народа. Форма на -у(ю), с присущим ей разговорным оттенком, допускается в следующих случаях:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1)      у имен существительных с вещественным значением при указании на количество, т.е. для обозначения части целого, например: стакан чаю (ср.: вкус чая), килограмм сахару (ср.: сладость сахара); достать воску, керосину, клею, лаку, мелу, скипидару, тесу; купить гороху, жиру, луку, меду, перцу, рису, сыру; то же с ударным окончанием: килограмм песку, достать чесноку, прибавить кипятку, прикупить миндалю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С окончанием -у употребляются существительные, имеющие в своем составе ударный уменьшительный суффикс и ударение на окончании во всех косвенных падежах: выпить кваску, коньячку, чайку, поесть медку, сахарку, сырку, чесночку (выпить чайка, съесть сырка употребить невозможно), а также некоторые существительные с безударным уменьшительным суффиксом: выпить кефирчику, достать бензинчику;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2)      у собирательных существительных с тем же количественным значением: много народу (ср.: история народа); всякого сброду понаехало;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3)      у имен существительных отвлеченных, входящих в состав разговорных устойчивых сочетаний: наделать шуму, нагнать страху, наговорить вздору;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4)      в некоторых фразеологических оборотах: без году неделя, без роду и племени, дать маху, добиться толку, задать перцу, конца-краю нет, много шуму из ничего, нашего полку прибыло, не до смеху, поддать жару, прибавить шагу, с глазу на глаз, с кругу спиться, с миру по нитке, сбить с толку, спору нет, только и разговору, что есть духу, упустить из виду, тридцать лет от роду, беситься с жиру, умереть с голоду, танцевать до упаду, говорить без умолку, ни разу, ни слуху ни духу, ни шагу дальше и др.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1272" LastActivityDate="2013-02-06T07:45:04.390" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1570" CreationDate="2013-02-06T07:57:59.413" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 19 different cases of using m-dash in russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://evartist.narod.ru/text1/42.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://evartist.narod.ru/text1/42.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am almost sure that no-one, except professionals, really remembers them all :-). Your case is 80.3: missing word,  what was already said in previous comment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1272" LastActivityDate="2013-02-06T07:57:59.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1863" CreationDate="2013-02-06T08:43:40.190" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kls.ksu.ru/krush/articles.php?id=6&amp;amp;num=2000000&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.kls.ksu.ru/krush/articles.php?id=6&amp;amp;num=2000000&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try this. It's a complex research of alteration in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1272" LastActivityDate="2013-02-06T08:43:40.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1854" CreationDate="2013-02-06T09:09:37.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Vasmer and Vinogradov, &lt;em&gt;варяг&lt;/em&gt; is loaned from Old Norse &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;varingr&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;a trusted one&quot;, remotely related to Russian &lt;em&gt;вера&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the time, Slavic had nasalized vowels &lt;em&gt;ѧ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ѫ&lt;/em&gt; (preserved in modern Polish as &lt;em&gt;ę&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ą&lt;/em&gt;), the former sounding similar enough to &lt;em&gt;-in-&lt;/em&gt; to substitute it in loanwords.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later Old Slavic nasalized vowels turned into &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt; in Russian so &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;варѧгъ&lt;/em&gt; became modern &lt;em&gt;варяг&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several other Germanic loanwords following the same model: &lt;em&gt;князь &amp;lt; &amp;#42;кънѧзь &amp;lt; &amp;#42;kuningaz (PG)&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;витязь &amp;lt; &amp;#42;витѧзь &amp;lt; &amp;#42;vikingr (ON)&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;чадо &amp;lt; &amp;#42;чѧдо &amp;lt; &amp;#42;kind (disputed)&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, Finnish, which had also loaned words &lt;em&gt;kuningas&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ruhtinas&lt;/em&gt; from Proto-Germanic, preserved the combination &lt;em&gt;-in-&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This fact, as well as the fact that the loss of nasalized vowels was a common Slavic process not limited to areas populated by Uralic-speaking people, argues against Uralic influence on the loss of the nasalized vowels and hence &lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt; in Russian &lt;em&gt;варяг&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-02-06T10:29:33.030" LastActivityDate="2013-02-06T10:29:33.030" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1647" CreationDate="2013-02-06T09:22:16.050" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure that we can really find the sourse of the phrase. There can be dozens of theories. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Castigat ridento mores&#xA;«Смехом бичуют нравы»&#xA;Девиз театра комедии (Opera Comique) в Париже. Первоначально - девиз итальянской труппы комического актера Доминика (Dominico Brancolelli) в Париже, сочиненный для нее новолатинским поэтом Сантелем (XVII в.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was a period in Russia when French culture (Paris theatre is a part of) was very popular (just try to start reading Война и Мир, you'll see :-), and it could easily come frome there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, just because this is not a Russian slogan, &quot;their&quot; appears, to accent that this is not russian, это их нравы, not ours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the common ironic meaning of the source transforms into irony about THEM, not us.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That was just an example. It could be so, definitely before USSR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1272" LastActivityDate="2013-02-06T09:22:16.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1765" CreationDate="2013-02-06T09:42:14.100" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The other thing is that such transforming does change the emotional additional meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Машка is just a girl, Маха is &quot;свой парень&quot;, a good friend. (same for Антоха)&#xA;Пожрать картошки is to fill the emptyness in the stomach, навернуть картохи is to have some great event, some gastronomic fun.&#xA;Плаха (in first association) is a place for killing a person. Плашка is anything at all (плашка памяти DDR, for example).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in -ха case, we show more respect than in -шка case. Showing any respect to a funny monkey is... Well, yes, everyone will understand the word Мартыха, but almost no-one really use it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1272" LastActivityDate="2013-02-06T09:42:14.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1877" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-06T19:09:44.473" Score="2" ViewCount="424" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word itself is like a standard p.pt., except that such words can be in Russian either т- or н-ending. How come that рукопожатен has both affixes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Само слово похоже на обычное причастие прошедшего времени - если не считать того факта, что в русском языке слова такого рода могут быть либо оканчивающимися на н, либо на т. Как получилось, что слово &quot;рукопожатен&quot; имеет сразу оба аффикса?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2013-02-06T20:14:36.390" Title="Why рукопожатный?/ Почему говорится &quot;рукопожатный&quot;?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1877" CreationDate="2013-02-06T20:12:49.900" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Рукопожатный&lt;/em&gt; is not a participle, it's a verbal adjective (&lt;em&gt;отглагольное прилагательное&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It defines the ability of the noun defined to be an object to the verb in question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;em&gt;Русская грамматика&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;§ 646. Прилагательные с суффиксом, представленным морфом &lt;code&gt;-н1&lt;/code&gt; (фонемат. &lt;code&gt;|н|&lt;/code&gt;; перед &lt;code&gt;|н|&lt;/code&gt; беглая &lt;code&gt;|о|&lt;/code&gt;) и рядом других морфов с конечной фонемой &lt;code&gt;|н|&lt;/code&gt; имеют значение &quot;характеризующийся отношением к действию, названному мотивирующим словом&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) &quot;являющийся объектом действия&quot;, обычно с оттенком &quot;способный стать объектом действия&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;§ 648. Все морфы этого суффикса выступают в структуре мотивированных прилагательных после согласных; при этом инф. основы мотивирующих глаголов преобразуются следующим образом:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Путем наращения односложных корней на гласную: а) за счет финали &lt;code&gt;-|т1|-&lt;/code&gt; в &lt;em&gt;знать - знатный (известный, знаменитый), слить - слитный, скрытный, занятный, понятный, внятный, необъятный&lt;/em&gt; (везде перед морфом &lt;code&gt;-н1-&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-02-06T20:12:49.900" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1877" CreationDate="2013-02-06T20:14:36.390" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это не причастие, а прилагательное, поскольку образовано не от глагола, а от существительного &lt;code&gt;рукопожатие&lt;/code&gt; при помощи типичного суффикса прилагательных -н-.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово является неологизмом, возникшем в советской диссидентской и российской либеральной среде. Происхождение, значение, примеры употребления и производные слова &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wikireality.ru/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;приводятся тут&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-02-06T20:14:36.390" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1880" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1896" CreationDate="2013-02-07T14:15:32.427" Score="11" ViewCount="10684" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вопрос по пунктуации. Рассмотрим короткий диалог:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Впредь нужно ориентироваться на анонсы трансляций?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  — Сегодня будет трансляция в первом зале. А так — да,&#xA;  ориентируйтесь на анонсы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как правильно ставить тире и запятую: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А так — да, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А так, да — ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И почему? Интересно именно обосновать теоретически.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Интуитивно первый вариант нравится больше, но обосновать не могу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; Точнее, даже так: второй вариант мне кажется явно неправильным, но обосновать это у меня не получается. Буду признателен, если кто-то поможет разобраться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1053" LastEditorUserId="1053" LastEditDate="2013-02-10T07:21:35.863" LastActivityDate="2013-02-10T10:09:40.757" Title="&quot;А так — да, ...&quot; или &quot;А так, да — ...&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1717" CreationDate="2013-02-07T15:12:20.297" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Какая ты у меня&lt;/code&gt; contrasts woman's quality to everyone else in the context of their relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two subtle points &lt;code&gt;ты у меня&lt;/code&gt; delivers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Demonstrates speakers perspective on the social relationship between him and the lady, he thinks of her as &quot;his woman&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Contrasts the lady to everyone else: &quot;You, my lady, is compact as opposed to other ladies.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yellow Sky states incorrectly that the expression &quot;Какая ты у меня&quot; usually leads to a compliment, which is simply not true, compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Какая ты у меня неуклюжая.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Какая ты у меня капризная.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Какая ты у меня непутевая.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Какая ты у меня беспокойная.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of the examples above still deliver the two subtle points: the relationship and possession of certain quality as contrasted to everyone else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1422" LastEditorUserId="1422" LastEditDate="2013-02-07T15:26:26.073" LastActivityDate="2013-02-07T15:26:26.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1880" CreationDate="2013-02-07T19:13:39.170" Score="-6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вообще не должно быть ни тире, ни, тем более, дефиса. Только многоточие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;§ 185. Многоточие ставится для обозначения незаконченности&#xA;  высказывания, причем знаки вопросительный и восклицательный, если они&#xA;  требуются характером предложения, сохраняются перед многоточием,&#xA;  например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Простите, государь!.. Стоять я не могу... Мои колени слабеют...&#xA;Душно... Душно... Где ключи? Ключи, ключи мои!..&#xA;Пушкин&#xA;&#xA;Не правда ль, ты одна?.. Ты плачешь? Я спокоен... Но если...&#xA;Пушкин&#xA;&#xA;Не мешает сделать замечание, что Манилова... но, признаюсь, о дамах я очень боюсь говорить, да притом мне пора возвратиться к нашим&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;героям.&#xA;      Гоголь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;§ 186. Многоточие ставится для обозначения заминок в речи, в том числе&#xA;  и внутри слова, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мама, ты не входи ко мне, а только подойди к двери. Вот что... Третьего дня я заразился в больнице дифтеритом и теперь... мне&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;нехорошо.&#xA;      Чехов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;...Ва... ва... ва... ваше превосходительство, – шептал Попов.&#xA;А. К. Толстой&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/rules/?rub=mnogo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/rules/?rub=mnogo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-02-07T19:25:44.873" LastActivityDate="2013-02-07T19:25:44.873" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1839" CreationDate="2013-02-08T13:24:43.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Очеловечиться - вообще так нельзя говорить. Только в разговорном языке. Означает обрести культуру, начать выполнять принятые обычаи, отказаться от наркотической или алкогольной зависимости, раскаяться в злодеяниях.     &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1426" LastActivityDate="2013-02-08T13:24:43.550" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1824" CreationDate="2013-02-08T17:24:13.433" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are a quite right. But &quot;Borscht&quot; is Ukrainian national soup that is popular in many Eastern countries and especially in Ukraine and Russia. One of its main ingredients in the past was Heracleum(in Ukrainian its name is &quot;борщівник(borschtshyivnyk)&quot; or just &quot;борщ(borshth&quot;). So &quot;переборщить&quot; means put a little bit more parts of Heracleum(борщ) that it's necessary into Ukrainian soup Borshcht . When Borscht and the word &quot;переборщить&quot; came into Moscow Country the word &quot;переборщить&quot; became to be used in meaning &quot;do it a little bit wrong&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heracleum_(plant)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heracleum_(plant)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borscht&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borscht&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1428" LastActivityDate="2013-02-08T17:24:13.433" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1890" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1891" CreationDate="2013-02-08T21:54:26.623" Score="11" ViewCount="484" Body="&lt;p&gt;Откуда пошло выражение &quot;ежу понятно&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-02-08T22:20:47.947" Title="Etymology of &quot;ежу понятно&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1890" CreationDate="2013-02-08T22:20:47.947" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это цитата из стихотворения В. В. Маяковского «Сказка о Пете, толстом ребенке, и о Симе, который тонкий» (1925): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ясно даже и ежу —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Этот Петя был буржуй.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Строки Маяковского настолько врезались в память каждому, кто прочел их в детстве, что, по статистике Google, в 1190 случаях говорящие употребляют это выражение именно в его исходной форме (ясно даже и ежу). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть и другая версия, в СССР существовала сеть интернатов для одаренных детей — например, физ.-мат. интернаты (Москва, Новосибирск, Санкт-Петербург, Киев…). В них набирали подростков, которым осталось учиться два года (классы А, Б, В, Г, Д, Е) или один год (классы &lt;strong&gt;Е, Ж, И&lt;/strong&gt;). Учеников одногодичного потока так и называли — &quot;ежи&quot;, между ними и учениками двухгодичного потока всегда существовали трения и конкуренция. За год обучения в интернате по нестандартной программе ученик двухгодичного потока сильно опережал только что поступивших в интернат &quot;ежей&quot;, поэтому в начале учебного года выражение &quot;ежу понятно&quot; было очень актуально.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Взято &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramma.ru/RUS/?id=14.77&quot;&gt;отсюда&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-02-08T22:20:47.947" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1892" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1880" CreationDate="2013-02-09T06:43:28.507" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;А так - да...&quot; - это простонародный вариант &quot;А в этом случае - да, ...(и расшифровка - как должны обстоять дела)&quot;.&#xA;Думаю, тут подойдет вариант постановки тире, когда &quot;вторая часть содержит следствие, результат, вывод из того, о чем говорится в первой&quot;, а вообще возможностей поставить тире очень много.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто не понял, многоточие автор вопроса употребил, чтобы показать, что у предложения есть продолжение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1429" LastActivityDate="2013-02-09T06:43:28.507" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1893" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1914" CreationDate="2013-02-09T09:43:19.907" Score="6" ViewCount="3512" Body="&lt;p&gt;Задание из учебника по русскому языку для 3-го класса:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Укажи слово, в котором 8 букв и 9 звуков:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;волшебник,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;животное,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;фантазия,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;экспресс.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Первое и последнее сразу отпадают. Остаются 2 и 3, и оба подходят, так как последняя гласная в обоих случаях передает два звука:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;е = йэ&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я = йа&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но должен быть только один &lt;em&gt;правильный&lt;/em&gt; ответ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="33" LastActivityDate="2015-04-12T00:43:40.883" Title="Слово, в котором 8 букв и 9 звуков" Tags="&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1894" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1895" CreationDate="2013-02-09T11:17:12.823" Score="14" ViewCount="10765" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно сказать:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;На скольких человек заказывать пиццу&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;На сколько человек заказывать пиццу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2013-03-04T09:55:08.373" Title="Склоняется ли &quot;сколько&quot;?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1895" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1894" CreationDate="2013-02-09T12:04:34.593" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Склоняется. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Им.&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;code&gt;сколько&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Род.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;скольких&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дат.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;скольким&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;(по) скольку&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Тв.&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;code&gt;сколькими&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пр.&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;code&gt;скольких&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вин. одуш.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;скольких&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вин. неодуш.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;сколько&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Местоимение &lt;code&gt;сколько&lt;/code&gt; склоняется по типу прилагательных с основой на мягкий согласный. К особенностям склонения относится то, что в именительном и винительном падежах оно, подобно именам числительным, управляет падежом, т.е. требует после себя определенного падежа, а именно род. п. мн. ч., например: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сколько окон в доме?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Употребляясь в остальных падежах, это местоимение, как имена прилагательные, согласуется с существительным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Взято &lt;a href=&quot;http://spelling.siteedit.ru/skolko&quot;&gt;отсюда&lt;/a&gt;, там же есть и мнемоническое стихотворение для запоминания падежных форм этого слова и места ударения в них (ударение всегда на корне, не на окончании).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-02-09T12:04:34.593" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1880" CreationDate="2013-02-09T21:18:29.040" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Краткий ответ: в вашем примере верно поставить тире, а не запятую.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теперь я попробую объяснить, почему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ваш пример содержит &lt;em&gt;эллипсис&lt;/em&gt;, то есть пропуск одного или нескольких элементов в предложении, которые восстанавливаются по контексту. Это явление с трудом может быть описано в рамках грамматики зависимостей (примерно то, чему учат в русских школах) или грамматики составляющих (примерно то, о чем писал Хомский), и я могу лишь на пальцах объяснить, что здесь происходит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Рассмотрим пример:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Впредь нужно ориентироваться на анонсы трансляций?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  — Сегодня будет трансляция в первом зале. А так — да, ориентируйтесь на анонсы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В примере есть вопрос и ответ. Ответ состоит из двух предложений с одинаковой структурой, но во втором предложении опущено сказуемое и подлежащее. Оба предложения состоят из трёх частей, первая - это обстоятельство времени, уточняющее, к какому периоду времени относится трансляция (&lt;em&gt;сегодня&lt;/em&gt;), вторая часть - это сказуемое и подлежащее (&lt;em&gt;будет трансляция&lt;/em&gt;), и третья часть - обстоятельство места, отвечающее на вопрос, в каком месте будет проходить трансляция (&lt;em&gt;в первом зале&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако, во втором предложении обстоятельство места заменено целым новым предложением, которое не описывает место проведения трансляций, а дает указание насчет того, где эту информацию можно найти - в анонсах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно также подчеркнуть, что порядок компонетов в обоих предложениях одинаков: сначала идет обстоятельство времени, потом сказуемое и подлежащее, а в конце - обстоятельство места.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Второе предложение с трудом укладывается в рамки письменной речи, для которой, собственно, и созданы правила пунктуции, но тем не менее есть правило, которое в данном случае подходит лучше всего. &lt;a href=&quot;http://rosental.virtbox.ru/punct_xxi.html#sect80.1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Вот оно в справочнике Розенталя&lt;/a&gt;. Коротко говоря, правило сводится к тому, что эллиптические предложения содержат тире вместо пропущенной части. Поэтому в вашем примере вместо подлежащего и сказуемого &lt;em&gt;трансляция будет&lt;/em&gt; должно стоять тире.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теперь насчет запятой. Почему верно поставить запятую после &lt;em&gt;да&lt;/em&gt;? В примере фраза &lt;em&gt;да, ориентируйтесь на анонсы&lt;/em&gt; является не только заменителем обстоятельства места, но еще и ответом на вопрос &lt;em&gt;Впредь нужно ориентироваться на анонсы трансляций?&lt;/em&gt;. Здесь &lt;em&gt;ориентируйтесь на ананосы&lt;/em&gt; -- это более развернутый ответ, раскрывающий смысл &lt;em&gt;да&lt;/em&gt;. Поэтому я считаю, что &lt;em&gt;да&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;ориентируйтесь на анонсы&lt;/em&gt; составляют единое предложение. &lt;a href=&quot;http://rosental.virtbox.ru/punct_xxvi.html#sect103&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Согласно этому правилу&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;em&gt;да&lt;/em&gt; должно быть отделено запятой, если оно входит в состав большего предложения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2013-02-10T10:09:40.757" LastActivityDate="2013-02-10T10:09:40.757" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1898" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1899" CreationDate="2013-02-10T03:25:40.193" Score="-1" ViewCount="3156" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which swear words or subjects are considered as most offensive in Russian, and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-11T09:39:36.263" LastActivityDate="2013-02-12T04:43:03.263" Title="What are the most offensive words in Russian?" Tags="&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ClosedDate="2013-02-10T10:10:23.067" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1898" CreationDate="2013-02-10T07:19:40.853" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Minding the comment I had left to the question, I can give a simple generic answer (provided sensitive women and children had left the room): the most offensive words would those describing such tabooed things like the sex organs, and the sex act itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of the first category the most offensive forms would be &lt;em&gt;хуй&lt;/em&gt; (penis) and &lt;em&gt;пизда&lt;/em&gt; (vagina), with former being so offensive that even its euphemism — &lt;em&gt;хер&lt;/em&gt; (from the name of Old-Russian letter &lt;em&gt;хѣръ&lt;/em&gt; which is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kha_%28Cyrillic%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;today’s &lt;em&gt;ха&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; — basically an “Х-word”) — nowadays is just slightly less offensive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And for the second it would be the verb &lt;em&gt;ебать&lt;/em&gt; which means “to fuck” which is contraction of “to fuck your mother” meaning, in a sense, “How dare you argue with me? I’ve had an intercourse with your mother, and for all we know, you well may be my son, so behave accordingly!”. That explanation is culturally universal, really. Or so I’ve read.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also add that this kind of swearing is offensive by the virtue of its shock value, not necessarily literally. Of course, there are elements in society where this language is used in its own right, as a sort of group identification (such as criminal circles). But in a mainstream culture it is considered extremely crass and inappropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Certainly, there would be traditional cultures where mention of one’s mother in any context other than respectful would constitute a deathly offence, perhaps, even within the borders of Russia and former Soviet republics. But for your average urbanite cosmopolitan Russian, so to speak, it would be offensive as it is plainly rude.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-12T04:43:03.263" LastActivityDate="2013-02-12T04:43:03.263" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1900" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1901" CreationDate="2013-02-10T10:02:00.587" Score="9" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not certain how to decline it. Wikipedia has no problem with that, and declines all three words independently: &lt;strong&gt;в Северном Рейне-Вестфалии&lt;/strong&gt;. However, intuitively &lt;em&gt;Рейн-Вестфалия&lt;/em&gt; seems to be a composite noun. Due to this, I believe I've heard in use &lt;em&gt;Северная Рейн-Вестфалия&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;в Северной Рейн-Вестфалии&lt;/em&gt;, which is probably wrong. So, are there any clear rules for this case? If possible, please give other examples of such combinations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-02-10T10:16:05.377" LastActivityDate="2013-02-10T11:20:02.353" Title="How to decline North Rhein-Westphalia (Северный Рейн-Вестфалия)" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;composite-nouns&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1900" CreationDate="2013-02-10T11:20:02.353" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The name of this land contains not a hyphen, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search_answer/?s=%D1%E5%E2%E5%F0%ED%FB%E9+%D0%E5%E9%ED-%C2%E5%F1%F2%F4%E0%EB%E8%FF&quot;&gt;a long dash&lt;/a&gt;, that's why it's not a composite noun. The land was formed by merging Westfalen (Вестфалия) and the nothern part of Rheinprovinz (Рейнская провинция), so it consists of 2 parts, Северный Рейн &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; Вестфалия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One should &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search_answer/?s=%C6%E8%F2%E5%EB%FC+%D1%E5%E2%E5%F0%ED%EE%E3%EE+%D0%E5%E9%ED-%C2%E5%F1%F2%F4%E0%EB%E8%E8&quot;&gt;decline all the 3 words&lt;/a&gt; in the name of this land:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Им.&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;code&gt;Северный Рейн – Вестфалия&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Род.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;Северного Рейна – Вестфалии&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дат.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;Северному Рейну – Вестфалии&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Тв.&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;code&gt;Северным Рейном – Вестфалией&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пр.&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;code&gt;Северном Рейне – Вестфалии&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вин.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;Северный Рейн – Вестфалию&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is why, the correct form is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В Северном Рейне – Вестфалии&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Из Северного Рейна – Вестфалии&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, if one does not want to decline the 3 words, one can use the generic name, &lt;code&gt;земля&lt;/code&gt; (land), before it, then only the word &lt;code&gt;земля&lt;/code&gt; is declined:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В земле Северный Рейн – Вестфалия&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Из земли Северный Рейн – Вестфалия&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is this last way of saying it, with the word &lt;code&gt;земля&lt;/code&gt;, that is used most often in Russian texts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-02-10T11:20:02.353" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1902" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1904" CreationDate="2013-02-10T13:02:10.197" Score="5" ViewCount="251" Body="&lt;p&gt;What would be the best word to describe what a педант does?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the following list there are some people along with the things normally do:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мазохист занимается мазохизмом.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Казуист занимается казуистикой.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Альпинист занимается альпиизмом.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Пацифист занимается пацифизмом.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ростовщик занимается ростовщичеством.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Бизмесмен занимается бизнесом.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Педант занимается ... ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-02-10T14:48:03.360" LastActivityDate="2013-02-10T14:48:03.360" Title="Best word to describe what a педант does?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1902" CreationDate="2013-02-10T13:30:57.317" Score="4" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Педант педантствует.  &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Means nit-picking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1433" LastEditorUserId="1433" LastEditDate="2013-02-10T13:40:26.917" LastActivityDate="2013-02-10T13:40:26.917" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1902" CreationDate="2013-02-10T13:31:07.580" Score="10" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Педант &lt;em&gt;предаётся&lt;/em&gt; педантизму, точности, аккуратности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Педант &lt;em&gt;практикует&lt;/em&gt; педантизм, точность, аккуратность.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нельзя использовать здесь слово &lt;code&gt;занимается&lt;/code&gt;, поскольку педант - это не занятие, не профессия, не род деятельности, педанты не объединяются в клубы, цеха, гильдии, это склад характера, особенность личности, склонность. Невозможно заниматься педантизмом, это всё равно, что сказать, что неряха занимается неряшливостью, или честный человек занимается честностью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You cannot use the word &lt;code&gt;занимается&lt;/code&gt; here, because a pedant is not a profession, not a trade, not an occupation, pedants do not have their clubs, guilds, it is a character trend, a peculiarity of personality, a tendency. It is impossible to be engaged in pedantry, it is like saying that a slob is engaged in sloppiness, or an honest man is engaged in honesty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-02-10T13:45:13.903" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1905" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1908" CreationDate="2013-02-10T23:00:37.980" Score="15" ViewCount="574" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am studying CS in the Czech Republic and recently have noticed that when I talk to Russian programmers, I tend to mispronounce widely known words (famous site names,abbreviations, language names). &#xA;So I would be grateful to anyone who could provide me with a relatively long list of phonetical conventions in Russian IT diaspora.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://github.com&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;[г'итхуп]&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;[г'ифап]&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;PHP - &lt;strong&gt;[пэхапэ]&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;[п'иэй'ч'п'и]&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Java - &lt;strong&gt;[джава]&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;[й'ава]&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;C  - &lt;strong&gt;[c'и]&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;[цэ]&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bash - &lt;strong&gt;[бэш]&lt;/strong&gt;  or &lt;strong&gt;[баш]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;VHDL  - &lt;strong&gt;[вэхадээл]&lt;/strong&gt; or  &lt;strong&gt;[в'иэй'ч'д'иэл']&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="1329" LastEditDate="2014-01-11T17:14:25.607" LastActivityDate="2014-01-11T17:14:25.607" Title="Pronunciation of foreign IT abbreviations / languages" Tags="&lt;информатика&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1905" CreationDate="2013-02-11T02:55:19.260" Score="2" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;github.com - [гит'хап] &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;PHP - [пэхэпэ] and also [пи эйч пи] &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Java - [джава]  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;C - [c'и]  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bash - [б'аш]  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;VHDL - [в'иэй'ч'д'иэл']  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;HTML - [хэ тэ мэ эл'] and also [эйч ти эм эл']  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CSS - [цэ эс эс] and also  [си эс эс] &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CMS - [цэ мэ эс] and also [си эм эс]  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Python - [пи'тон]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;IT - [и тэ] and also [ай ти]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All these terms are colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastEditorUserId="1027" LastEditDate="2013-02-11T03:02:30.003" LastActivityDate="2013-02-11T03:02:30.003" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1905" CreationDate="2013-02-11T02:57:05.083" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unreal. I believe 90% of Ru IT community will be glad &lt;em&gt;to know&lt;/em&gt; how to spell those words correctly and if they do spell good enough now. There are too many unofficial variants to cover.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;More examples:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;www: [3цэ], [вэ-вэ-вэ], [цэ-цэ-цэ], [дабл'ю-дабл'ю-дабл'ю];&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mysql: [май-эс-кью-эл], [май-сиквел], [мускул], [мускуль], [мАйсикл];  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All those are ~correct and depend only on local rules. Usually you can't be sure will you match or not even if you use well known spelling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1433" LastActivityDate="2013-02-11T02:57:05.083" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1905" CreationDate="2013-02-11T07:30:59.553" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Instead of listing all possible variations of any which abbreviation, here is the summary of the usage of such terms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most technical abbreviations can be understood if either phonetically copied from their English reading (&lt;em&gt;e.g.&lt;/em&gt;, for HTML it would be &lt;em&gt;эйч-ти-эм-эл&lt;/em&gt;), transliterated into respective Russian letters (&lt;em&gt;e.g. ха-тэ-эм-эл&lt;/em&gt;, with variations such as &lt;em&gt;ха&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;хэ&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;эм&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;мэ&lt;/em&gt; and so forth), or voiced in Latin letter names (&lt;em&gt;аш-тэ-эм-эль&lt;/em&gt;) just as customary in sciences, like chemistry.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For brand names, again, either phonetic calque (&lt;em&gt;Джава&lt;/em&gt; for Java, &lt;em&gt;Майкрософт&lt;/em&gt; for Microsoft, &lt;em&gt;Эпл&lt;/em&gt; for Apple, or, with slight modifications, such as &lt;em&gt;пайтон&lt;/em&gt; for Python), Russian equivalent for words (&lt;em&gt;Питон&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Яблоко&lt;/em&gt;), or phonetic transliteration (&lt;em&gt;Микрософт&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Нове́лл&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Борланд&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some brand names or abbreviations may have slang versions, such as &lt;em&gt;Мелкомягк(ое, ие…)&lt;/em&gt; for Microsoft (a bit disdainful), &lt;em&gt;жаба&lt;/em&gt; for Java, &lt;em&gt;аська&lt;/em&gt; for ICQ, &lt;em&gt;ирка&lt;/em&gt; for IRC, or &lt;em&gt;мускул&lt;/em&gt; for MySQL (humorous, near-consonance), or &lt;em&gt;красная шапочка&lt;/em&gt; for Red Hat Linux. Or neverending associations of Fedora Linux with the phrase “&lt;em&gt;дело в шляпе&lt;/em&gt;”.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;WWW sometimes referred to as &lt;em&gt;цэ-цэ-цэ&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;три цэ&lt;/em&gt; because it is a simple mistake one can make when forgetting to switch keyboard layout. Standard QWERTY layout corresponds to standard Russian ЙЦУКЕН, and there when one tries to use &lt;kbd&gt;W&lt;/kbd&gt; key, the letter &lt;em&gt;Ц&lt;/em&gt; appears.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;CMS, as “Content Management System” sometimes translated to “&lt;em&gt;Система управления контентом (содержанием)&lt;/em&gt;”, and thus abbreviated as &lt;em&gt;СУКа&lt;/em&gt;, and declined accordingly. It is done in a humorous way, precisely for &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BC#cite_note-1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the reasons&lt;/a&gt; that Wikipedia article mentions. It may not be very common, but I had seen, and adopted it from some known site or author in RuNet (possibly, via &lt;a href=&quot;http://spectator.ru/entry/821&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Spectator&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-12T05:06:28.733" LastActivityDate="2013-02-12T05:06:28.733" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1905" CreationDate="2013-02-11T08:11:41.780" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to extend Masha's answer with what I use/see:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;github - [жит'хап]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;PHP - [по-ха-пэ]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Java - [жава], [ява], [жаба]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;C++ - [си плюс плюс], [си пэ пэ]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;MySQL - [май-эс-ку-эль]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;DHCP - [дэ-хэ-цэ-пэ], [ди-аш-си-пи]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;DNS - [дэ-эн-эс]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of these terms are colloquial, some of them are humorous and some are correct (i.e. follow &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rules of transcription&lt;/a&gt; )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And @revoua is right: you can't be sure will you match or not even if you use well known spelling because it depends only on local rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1376" LastActivityDate="2013-02-11T08:11:41.780" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1905" CreationDate="2013-02-11T08:21:25.413" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add a slightly different point of view to many nice answers and comments here: Probably, there is no correct answer to this question, and it is not specific to Russian only. For example, the American abbreviation SPIE is pronounced both as S-P-I-E and as [spai] by native speakers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, not only the traditions but also the knowledge of foreign languages define how a person will pronounce a particular word. My IT professor in university tended to pronounce FALSE as [фальш], the reason being her bad knowledge of English and a logical use of the corresponding German word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Accordingly, pronunciation such as [пэ-ха-пэ] for PHP come from Latin, since in Russian schools Latin letter names are used: [цэ] for &lt;em&gt;c&lt;/em&gt;, [икс] for &lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;, [ха] for &lt;em&gt;h&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, I have noticed that those with good knowledge of English tend to pronounce the abbreviations, mostly coming from English, in the proper English way: using [дабл-ю] for &lt;em&gt;w&lt;/em&gt;, [эйч] for &lt;em&gt;h&lt;/em&gt; etc. Simply because they use the same conventions when e.g. spelling words in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, traditions play an important role here. While the language name С will be in most cases pronounced as [си], it will also often be declined: &lt;code&gt;писать на сях&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, some IT terms have equivalents in Russian; in these rare cases Russian words are often used: [ада] for &lt;em&gt;Ada&lt;/em&gt;, [опал] for &lt;em&gt;Opal&lt;/em&gt;, [питон] for &lt;em&gt;Python&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2013-02-11T08:29:44.963" LastActivityDate="2013-02-11T08:29:44.963" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1911" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1918" CreationDate="2013-02-11T18:32:09.110" Score="5" ViewCount="420" Body="&lt;p&gt;After reading &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/1910/1329&quot;&gt;texnic's answer&lt;/a&gt; to my question &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/1905/1329&quot;&gt;Pronunciation of foreign IT abbreviations / languages&lt;/a&gt;, I became curious about &lt;strong&gt;why&lt;/strong&gt; Latin won over Greek in our Russian schools.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here in the Czech Republic we pronounce variable names according to the Greek tradition. So we say &lt;a href=&quot;http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ypsilon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ипсилон&lt;/a&gt;, not &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;игрек&lt;/a&gt;. But what historical/demographic processes can determine the choice of transcription? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, why hasn't 'wai' [waɪ] settled down? Was it ever known in Russia? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2013-06-29T00:17:57.387" Title="Letter Y issues, or Latin vs. Greek" Tags="&lt;фонетика&gt;&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1787" CreationDate="2013-02-11T18:49:27.957" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I asked my mother. Yes, it turned out to be that simple =) After all she graduated from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.herzen.spb.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; The Herzen University&lt;/a&gt; and Russian language  was her specialization. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kолготы&lt;/strong&gt; is a wrong form, often shows lack of culture and/or education. And this is my final decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If anybody needs more proof, I can also mention that - long ago - in some comment a person that I respect very much (professor of biblical studies at the Saint Petersburg State University &lt;strong&gt;Татьяна Ткачeва&lt;/strong&gt;) noted that this word is not correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Колготы, марш к сосулям!  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastActivityDate="2013-02-11T18:49:27.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1911" CreationDate="2013-02-11T19:16:21.180" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because Latin is de facto international alphabet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1433" LastActivityDate="2013-02-11T19:16:21.180" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1893" CreationDate="2013-02-11T21:05:00.240" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильным ответом оказалось слово &lt;strong&gt;«фантазия»&lt;/strong&gt;. В нем 8 букв и 9 звуков.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Занимательный вопрос, &lt;em&gt;почему «фантазия», а не «животное»&lt;/em&gt;. Оказывается, в слове «животное» будет 8 звуков:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[жы'вотнаи]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Потому что на «-ное» не падает ударение, звук [й] исчезнет из редуцированного до [и] сочетания [йэ].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Позже я нашел подтверждение этому в Википедии в статье &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot;&gt;Русская фонетика&lt;/a&gt; в разделе &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0#.D0.A1.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.82.D1.8B&quot;&gt;Скользящий сонант&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;/j/ (/j/) — орфографически &lt;b&gt;й&lt;/b&gt;, а также в составе йотированных гласных (я, ё, ю, е) не после согласных: йод /jot/, &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA&quot; title=&quot;Як&quot;&gt;як&lt;/a&gt; /jak/, ёж /joʂ/, еле /'jelʲi/, юг /juk/.&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Полугласный аллофон (глайд) [ɪ̯] произносится после гласных, образуя дифтонгические сочетания, которые в русском являются двухфонемными: яйцо [ɪɪ̯ˈʦo], ей [jeɪ̯]. После безударных &amp;lt;и&amp;gt; и &amp;lt;ы&amp;gt; в окончаниях прилагательных в обычной речи не произносится: красный /'krasnɨ/.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;/j/ обычно не произносится между любой гласной и /i/: &lt;i&gt;заяц&lt;/i&gt; /'za.iʦ/ &amp;lt; |za.jaʦ|, &lt;i&gt;кланяется&lt;/i&gt; /'kɫa.nʲi.iʦ.ʦa/.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь ключевым является последний пункт: &lt;em&gt;/j/ обычно не произносится между любой гласной и /i/.&lt;/em&gt; Таким образом, в соответствии с этим правилом, и правильным ответом должно быть слово &lt;em&gt;«животное»&lt;/em&gt;, если принять, что «е» редуцируется до [и] (/i/). Но ведь при произнесении явно слышен неопределенный звук /ə/, а не четкое /i/, и звук /j/ ([й]) тоже слышен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При этом в &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5#Pronunciation&quot;&gt;транскрипции слова «животное»&lt;/a&gt; в Викисловаре выделено 9 звуков:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[ʐɨˈvotnəjə]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К данной транскрипции у меня нет никаких претензий: в конце слова мы слышим два &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot;&gt;неопределенных звука&lt;/a&gt;, разделенных звуком /j/ ([й]).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К сожалению, для слова &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot;&gt;«фантазия»&lt;/a&gt; в Викисловаре нет транскрипции.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Обновлено:&lt;/strong&gt; Со слов учительницы, правильным ответом признано слово «фантазия», потому что &lt;em&gt;«партия так приказала»&lt;/em&gt;. А так в обоих словах одинаковое количество звуков.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="33" LastEditorUserId="33" LastEditDate="2013-05-19T09:26:48.103" LastActivityDate="2013-05-19T09:26:48.103" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1911" CreationDate="2013-02-11T21:18:40.650" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian science made its first steps under strong influence of Germans. Also, rich Russians hired private teachers from Germany and France for their children. That must be some of the most important reasons.&#xA;So the question must be why Greek tradition exists in Czech Republic which is even closer to Germany.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastActivityDate="2013-02-11T21:18:40.650" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1916" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1911" CreationDate="2013-02-11T21:33:36.567" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are referring to mathematics, the both letters are used: sometimes used Latin Y &quot;игрек&quot;, sometimes the Greek ϒ. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In programming there is no Greek alphabet available for variable names so we use the Latin letters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are different standards for Latin letter names. For example in some textbooks &quot;I&quot; is called &quot;и&quot;, in the others - &quot;йот&quot;. Calling Latin Y &quot;ипсилон&quot; I encounter for the first time, this name is reserved for the Greek letter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-02-12T00:31:26.840" LastActivityDate="2013-02-12T00:31:26.840" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1917" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1922" CreationDate="2013-02-11T22:25:58.347" Score="7" ViewCount="1277" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am wondering why the shelter of &lt;em&gt;медведь&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;берлога&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-02-12T05:25:33.797" LastActivityDate="2015-06-08T07:42:25.423" Title="What is the etymology of берлога?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1911" CreationDate="2013-02-12T01:45:05.170" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 19th century Russian educated society spoke French, which is probably why they adopted the French pronunciation of the Latin alphabet when they are used as variables. Compare the French, German, and English pronunciation of A, B, C, ..., Z with the Russian pronunciation of these letters in scientific contexts and it's pretty clear that French is the source of the Russian pronunciation (H = аш, J = жи, Y = игрек are all French pronunciation) except for the Latin letters E and O that are pronounced as Russian letters.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The variable y typically shows up in contexts involving x and z, which are all Latin letters (e.g., the equation y = f(x) or the coordinates (x,y) and (x,y,z)), so it's completely reasonable to pronounce y as a Latin letter. In my experience the Greek letter ипсилон, as a Greek letter and not the Latin Y, is used quite rarely in scientific circles. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2013-02-12T01:45:05.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1917" CreationDate="2013-02-12T04:56:45.903" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suppose that it's connected with slavic word бер, that means &quot;bear&quot; itself. Plus the russian word логово, so it can be interpreted as логово бера. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1437" LastActivityDate="2013-02-12T04:56:45.903" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1920" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-12T09:46:59.723" Score="3" ViewCount="478" Body="&lt;p&gt;Upon &lt;a href=&quot;http://chat.stackexchange.com/rooms/7420/discussion-between-quassnoi-and-yellow-sky&quot;&gt;this discussion&lt;/a&gt; with YellowSky, a follow-up question arose:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some adjectives ending in &lt;em&gt;-тный&lt;/em&gt; which could be grammatically possibly originated from &lt;strong&gt;both a noun and a verb with &lt;em&gt;-т-&lt;/em&gt; not being a part of the verb's infinitive stem&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of those adjectives, are there such which for semantic reasons can definitely be said to have originated from the noun and not from the verb?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Рукопожатный&lt;/em&gt; can (theoretically) be derived both from &lt;em&gt;пожать руку&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;рукопожатие&lt;/em&gt;, since  they define the same concept. Same with &lt;em&gt;кровопролитный, старожитный&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Занятный&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;amusing, interesting&amp;quot;) cannot be derived from &lt;em&gt;занятие&lt;/em&gt; but only from &lt;em&gt;занимать&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;take one's attention, curiosity, interest&amp;quot;), since &lt;em&gt;занятие&lt;/em&gt; does not have this metaphorical meaning. Same with &lt;em&gt;понятный&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Приметный&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;related to omens, superstitions&amp;quot;, as in &lt;em&gt;народно-приметный календарь&lt;/em&gt;) is definitely originated from &lt;em&gt;примета&lt;/em&gt; and not &lt;em&gt;приметить&lt;/em&gt;, however, &lt;em&gt;-т-&lt;/em&gt; here is a part of the verb's stem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Рвотный&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;emetic&amp;quot;) could only be originated from &lt;em&gt;рвота&lt;/em&gt; and not &lt;em&gt;рвать&lt;/em&gt;, because &lt;em&gt;рвать&lt;/em&gt; lacks &lt;em&gt;-о-&lt;/em&gt;. Same for &lt;em&gt;блевотный, тошнотный&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-03-12T05:05:47.053" Title="Adjectives ending in -тный" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1917" CreationDate="2013-02-12T10:47:19.433" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Берлога - диал. мерлога, мерлуга - то же, русск.-цслав. бьрлогъ, укр.&#xA;  берлога &quot;соломенная подстилка, скверная постель&quot;, болг. бърлок &quot;мусор,&#xA;  мутные помои&quot;, сербохорв. брлог &quot;свинарник, логово, мусорная свалка&quot;,&#xA;  брльог – то же, словен. brlog, род. brloga &quot;пещера, убежище&quot;, чеш.&#xA;  brloh &quot;логово, хибара&quot;, польск. barog, род. -ogu &quot;соломенная&#xA;  подстилка, мусор, нечистоты&quot;, в.-луж. boroh, н.-луж. barog &quot;соломенная&#xA;  подстилка&quot;. Вместе с сербохорв. брљати &quot;путать, пачкать&quot;, брљага&#xA;  &quot;лужа&quot;, болг. бърлок &quot;лужа&quot; эти слова, по-видимому, связаны с лит.&#xA;  burlas &quot;грязь, кал&quot;, burlungis &quot;топкое место&quot;; Еще более сомнительны&#xA;  др. предположения: против объяснения сложением с -logъ см. Ягич, там&#xA;  же. Столь же ошибочно пытались выделить в этом слове bьr-, якобы&#xA;  родственное нем. Bar &quot;медведь&quot;, др.-инд. bhallas, bhallakas &quot;медведь&quot;,&#xA;  лит. beras &quot;коричневый&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://etymolog.ruslang.ru/vasmer.php?id=159&amp;amp;vol=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Фасмер М.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;БЕРЛОГА, -и, ж. —«зимнее логовище медведя»; (иногда) «место зимней&#xA;  спячки другого зверя». Укр. (из польск.) барлiг, род. барлoга —&#xA;  «берлога» и «грязная лужа», «грязь»; блр. бярлог, ж.—«берлога»,&#xA;  «логово»; словен. brlog — «берлога», «логово зверя»; чеш. и словац.&#xA;  brloh — «берлога»; польск. bartog — «берлога», «(смятая соломенная)&#xA;  подстилка». Из русского — болг. бърлoга — тж. (но ср. по говорам&#xA;  бърлог — «мусор», «помои»). в.-луж. borto, ср. — «смятая грязная&#xA;  подстилка», «логово», также «лужа», «залив»; н.-луж. bartog — «смятая&#xA;  грязная солома». Др.-рус. (XII в.) бьрлогъ ( :бьрлога, ж.?) —&#xA;  «логово». Старославянскими (балканского происхождения) памятниками&#xA;  слово берлога не засвидетельствовано. □ В этимологическом отношении не&#xA;  вполне ясное, спорное слово. Учитывая, однако, значение этого&#xA;  (очевидно, сложного, с двумя основами) слова, можно полагать, что оно&#xA;  восходит к о.-с. •bьrlogъ [относительно -log-ъ ср. рус. логово (см.&#xA;  лежать)]. По первой части сложения это о.-с. слово связано, с одной&#xA;  стороны, с др.-рус. бьрние — «грязь», «глина».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://chernykh-etym.narod.ru/t1/p086.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;П. Я. Черных. Историко-этимологический словарь современного русского языка&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it's connected with some word that means &quot;dirt, feces, garbage&quot;. And not with bear&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1304" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-02-12T11:04:00.647" LastActivityDate="2013-02-12T11:04:00.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1923" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1917" CreationDate="2013-02-12T12:27:59.880" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the religion of the ancient Indo-Europeans the word for a bear was tabooed because this animal induced fear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most ancient Indo-European word for bear was &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;a̯rtcos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which meant &quot;destructor&quot;. As the word was tabooed, it was replaced by a word meaning &quot;brown&quot;, a derivative of the PIE &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;bhrua̯nos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;brown&quot;. It is the source of the English word &quot;bear&quot; and &quot;бер-&quot;, the first part in &quot;берлога&quot;. The second part meant &quot;lair&quot; and the derivative of the Proto-Indo-European &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;leghos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;lair, bed&quot;. Thus &quot;берлога&quot; means &quot;bear's lair&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the word &quot;бер&quot; became tabooed again and was replaced by a new word &quot;медведь&quot; which meant &quot;honey-eater&quot;. It derives from the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;medhu&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, a Proto-Indo European word for mead, a drink produced from honey (honey is called мёд in Russian) and the root &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯ed-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;to eat&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-12-05T23:23:28.550" LastActivityDate="2013-12-05T23:23:28.550" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1924" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2718" CreationDate="2013-02-12T18:01:02.933" Score="6" ViewCount="558" Body="&lt;p&gt;All Russian verbs ending in &lt;em&gt;-оть&lt;/em&gt; I can think of had been subject to the metathesis or the liquids and did not have this ending in Proto-Slavic:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;бороть (CS брати) &amp;lt; *барти (cf. &lt;em&gt;брань&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;колоть (CS клати) &amp;lt; *калти (cf. &lt;em&gt;заклание&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;молоть (CS млѣти) &amp;lt; *мелти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;полоть (CS плѣти) &amp;lt; *пелти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;пороть (CS прати) &amp;lt; *порти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there verbs that did have this ending in PS or CS?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-10-20T13:49:10.557" Title="Are there verbs in -оть not having been subject to the metathesis of the liquids?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1925" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1926" CreationDate="2013-02-14T01:48:25.750" Score="3" ViewCount="309" Body="&lt;p&gt;I received an email from someone called &lt;em&gt;Ogulsabyr&lt;/em&gt;, and I’m not sure whether to use Mr. or Ms. in my reply. That is, I was wondering whether Ogulsabyr is a male or female name. I’ve tried search engines, but could not find anything helpful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1441" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:40:22.540" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T12:40:22.540" Title="Is Ogulsabyr a male or female name?" Tags="&lt;other-languages&gt;&lt;ономастика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2013-02-14T11:29:13.207" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1925" CreationDate="2013-02-14T02:37:34.937" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan&quot;&gt;Turkmen&lt;/a&gt; name, and it is a girl’s name. To add some general knowledge so one could identify those names in the future, here is the quote from the ethnography &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=ZwUSitzGojkC&amp;amp;lpg=PP1&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tradition and Society in Turkmenistan: Gender, Oral Culture and Song&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; by Carole Blackwell (2001, Richmond, Surrey, UK, &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=ZwUSitzGojkC&amp;amp;lpg=PA62&amp;amp;ots=CHvcp_c3my&amp;amp;dq=meaning%20of%20turkmen%20names%20ogulsabyr&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;pg=PA62#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot;&gt;p. 62&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In families with several daughters, it is not uncommon for the name of every girl to began with &lt;em&gt;Ogul&lt;/em&gt;, the Turkmen word for son; common examples are Ogulsabyr (let us wait patiently for a son), Oguldursun and Oguldurndy (may a son be born who will stay), and Ogulgerek (we need a son).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, as a general rule, many people form former Soviet republics adopted for their family names the convention from Russian tradition, that is, the pattern to end the last name with &lt;em&gt;-ov&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;-ow&lt;/em&gt;) for males and &lt;em&gt;-ova&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;-owa&lt;/em&gt;) for women (grammatical gender identification). You can see many of this type of last names amongst, say, respective Olympic athletes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastActivityDate="2013-02-14T02:37:34.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1927" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1928" CreationDate="2013-02-14T21:31:21.923" Score="9" ViewCount="869" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лох&lt;/em&gt; is a word that I heard among Russians and Ukrainians who never visited Germany. So it’s not quite clear whether the German language is the origin. Can anyone shed any light on the origin of this word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My &lt;em&gt;guess&lt;/em&gt; would be it derives from the German word (Arsch)loch (by sound in Cyrillic it would be approx. [арш-лох]), literally for (ass)hole. But if possible I’d like to see some kind of authoritative answer to the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’ve also heard that German is one of the few languages where most swear words derive from fecal context, where in other languages offensive terms used in a similar way would be derived from a sexual context. This would actually be an argument &lt;em&gt;for&lt;/em&gt; the theory that it derives from German, but again, it’s more hearsay than anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1051" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-14T22:43:23.597" LastActivityDate="2013-03-09T17:52:59.027" Title="Can someone tell whether this Russian swear word derives from German?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;мат&gt;&lt;other-languages&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1927" CreationDate="2013-02-15T06:44:32.167" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nobody knows where it comes from. The only thing known for sure (as it &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; a popular theory) is that it &lt;strong&gt;isn't&lt;/strong&gt; derived from the German &quot;Loch&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85#.D0.AD.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F_3&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; states that it may be a shortened version of the word &lt;code&gt;лопух&lt;/code&gt; (in its informal meaning, &quot;simpleton&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, there's &lt;a href=&quot;http://vasmer.narod.ru/p373.htm&quot;&gt;Vasmer&lt;/a&gt;. His descriptions of the word &lt;code&gt;лох&lt;/code&gt; do not include the colloquial meaning, but he has an entry for the word &lt;code&gt;лоха&lt;/code&gt;, which is a colloquial word in Pskov and Tver for a stupid woman. Vasmer assumes that it can come from &lt;code&gt;лошь&lt;/code&gt; which means &quot;bad&quot;. And he has an entry for &lt;code&gt;лашуня&lt;/code&gt; which means also something like &quot;simpleton&quot; or just &quot;fool&quot;. Vasmer assumes that this word is also dervied from &lt;code&gt;лошь&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And there's also &lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.to/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%85#.D0.9F.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.85.D0.BE.D0.B6.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D0.B2.D1.8B.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B6.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F&quot;&gt;Lurkmore&lt;/a&gt; that has an impressive list of supposed origins of the word &lt;code&gt;лох&lt;/code&gt;. I won't translate them, as they are most likely all invalid - examples of folk etymology. The version that it originates in German, being derived from &lt;code&gt;Arschloch&lt;/code&gt; is also there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="560" LastActivityDate="2013-02-15T06:44:32.167" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1817" CreationDate="2013-02-15T13:47:04.393" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;mdash; Что ты делаешь во вторник вечером?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;mdash; Занимаюсь английским языком.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;mdash; Давай встретимся во вторник вечером.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;mdash; Я занимаюсь английским языком.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You shouldn't omit first person pronoun when giving an indirect answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1446" LastActivityDate="2013-02-15T13:47:04.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1817" CreationDate="2013-02-15T15:02:33.310" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;These usages have slightly different semantic meanings. Omitting the first person pronoun kind of implies that the answer is related o the question, while the presence of such pronoun means the answer is not related to the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose a telephone call:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Ты уже выполнил моё задание?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Занимаюсь(, скоро закончу)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is kinda implies he is doing the task now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Ты уже выполнил моё задание?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Я занимаюсь( с преподавателем)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This kinda implies he cannot do the task right now because he is doing his homework or studies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Скорее приезжай в офис&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Еду в метро(, скоро буду)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This kinda implies he is currently goes to the office by metro.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Скорее приезжай в офис&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Я еду в метро(, давай поговорим позже)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This kinda implies he cannot talk because of the noise or bad connection because he is in metro.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-02-15T15:02:33.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1449" CreationDate="2013-02-17T05:26:42.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The letters &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ю&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt; sometimes indicate that the consonants before them are palatalized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1410" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2013-02-17T18:57:06.190" LastActivityDate="2013-02-17T18:57:06.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1933" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1934" CreationDate="2013-02-17T07:03:13.260" Score="4" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Поиски осколков метеорита, взорвавшегося над территорией Челябинской области&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the name of the participle for the word &quot;взорвавшегося&quot;?  Why isn't it shown here:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;взорваться — Викисловарь&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2013-02-25T09:10:04.233" LastActivityDate="2013-02-25T09:10:04.233" Title="Participles: взорваться" Tags="&lt;participle&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1933" CreationDate="2013-02-17T07:25:04.513" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is shown there: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;взорва́вшийся&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. It is nominative, in genitive it will be &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;взорвавшегося&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-02-17T07:25:04.513" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="891" CreationDate="2013-02-17T21:33:06.900" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;программист-раздолбай&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-02-17T21:33:06.900" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="797" CreationDate="2013-02-18T09:35:09.580" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just let us get closer to the picture Harms is drawing. At the time he was writing, to his disposition he had set expression &lt;em&gt;в головах&lt;/em&gt;, meaning before, now rarely used. He could not use it for a connotation of an ailing person lying in bed it conveys. He could not use &lt;em&gt;перед&lt;/em&gt; (in front of) for the reason the gypsy would never be opposed to the horse he obviously adores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Poets often invent  new metaphors, or they are not poets. So in this case we are facing new metaphor freshly minted for this precise purpose, and never used anywhere else. Metaphors invented by the poets often have double if not triple meaning, and in this case we have very nice example of it.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1452" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-19T11:37:43.917" LastActivityDate="2013-02-19T11:37:43.917" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1718" CreationDate="2013-02-18T12:06:54.273" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am quite confident Russian &quot;откуда&quot; may be translated into English as &quot;why&quot; in expressions as &#xA;&quot;откуда вы знаете&quot;, &quot; Откуда вы решили, что...&quot; &#xA;which are widely used in a discussion to induce a sense of the  incompetence of an opponent.&#xA;Just to mention of that for it is not an answer  corresponding to the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1452" LastActivityDate="2013-02-18T12:06:54.273" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="648" CreationDate="2013-02-18T12:30:34.973" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;“Он сел между мной и Верой” и “Он сел между мною и Верой” are quite different in meaning. While first is neutral, the second suggests antipathy between me and him, one who sat between us. That is why this form is used. The form &lt;em&gt;мною&lt;/em&gt; suggests firm interest involved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1452" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-19T07:09:24.573" LastActivityDate="2013-02-19T07:09:24.573" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1939" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1940" CreationDate="2013-02-18T20:35:28.340" Score="12" ViewCount="464" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a well-known rule that a masculine noun is animate if its Accusative form has a non-zero ending. However, I haven't noticed this information to be mentioned in dictionaries... Maybe I just don't know what each part of a dictionary article means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But then I thought that maybe the opposite is true (as each definition is de facto an equivalence relation): if the word is animate, than its Accusative requires a non-zero ending. But in this case, how do I decide if a noun is animate or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Animate is everything that is alive. This is a common definition. But let's consider two words that are practically synonyms: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;я вижу (&lt;strong&gt;кого? что?&lt;/strong&gt;)  труп - null ending =&gt; not animate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;я вижу (&lt;strong&gt;кого? что?&lt;/strong&gt;)  покойника  -  non-zero ending =&gt; animate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where's the logics? Both corpses are dead and can't be considered animate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-02-18T20:54:18.070" LastActivityDate="2013-03-04T03:50:41.420" Title="Animate nouns - how to detect them without knowledge of Accusative" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;окончания&gt;&lt;animateness&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1939" CreationDate="2013-02-18T23:09:39.277" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indeed, it is not always possible to know, whether a noun is animate or inanimate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The general rule is that nouns that denote animate objects (people or animals) are grammatically animated, i.e. the form of their Accusative case coincides with the form of their Genitive case. Inanimate objects (basically, the rest of the world) behave like grammatically inanimate: their Accusative case coincides with their Nominative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are some exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, whether a noun is animate or inanimate cannot be seen in case of nouns that do not change morphologically (like &lt;em&gt;пальто&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Пьеро&lt;/em&gt;). But their animatedness can be identified by the endings of adjectives that describe these nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я вижу грустного Пьеро&lt;/em&gt;, but &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Я вижу старое пальто&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More problems arise in cases when semantic and grammatical animatedness do not coincide. I will try to list these cases here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Names of aggregations: народ, толпа, стая. They denote animate objects, but behave like inanimate nouns. &lt;em&gt;Истребить целый народ&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Names of anthropomorphous objects (e.g. toys): кукла, снеговик, матрёшка, марионетка, робот, солдатик. They denote inanimate objects, but behave like animate nouns. &lt;em&gt;Слепить толстого снеговика.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Names of card and chess figures: валет, король, слон и т.п. They denote inanimate objects, but behave like animate nouns. &lt;em&gt;Побить чужого валета.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Names of mechanisms and tools that sound like names of people: дворники. They have the same form as animate nouns, but be careful: when they denote inanimate objects, they change like inanimate nouns. &lt;em&gt;Сломать дворник у машины&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, there are cases when the noun can be both used as animated and as inanimate and denote the same thing (I only know three cases, but there might be more):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Запускать воздушный змей&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Запускать воздушного змея&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Изучать микробы, бактерии&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Изучать микробов, бактерий&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Готовить кальмары, креветки, моллюски&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Готовить кальмаров, креветок, моллюсков&lt;/em&gt; (but always &lt;em&gt;изучать кальмаров, кревечток, моллюсков&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-02-20T14:02:55.253" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1939" CreationDate="2013-02-19T05:58:03.343" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where's the logics? Both corpses are dead and can't be considered animate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Труп&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;покойник&lt;/em&gt; differ in meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Труп&lt;/em&gt; is &amp;quot;corpse, dead body&amp;quot;. This means material remains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Покойник&lt;/em&gt; is &amp;quot;late, deceased&amp;quot;. This means a person who had passed away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider the two examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Вороны, разумеется, прилетали клевать трупы в верхнем ярусе ворот. &lt;em&gt;Акутагава Рюноскэ, &amp;quot;Ворота Расёмон&amp;quot;, пер. Н .Фельдмана&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Покойник был дурак и так любил чины, // Что требует в аду короны сатаны. &lt;em&gt;Роберт Бернс, &amp;quot;Надпись на могиле честолюбца&amp;quot;, пер. С. Я. Маршака&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't swap the words in the excerpts above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-02-19T05:58:03.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1866" CreationDate="2013-02-20T06:01:24.020" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Во-первых, мне кажется, Вы методологически неверно подошли к вопросу - в том смысле, что Иванов принципиально ограничен в возможностях проработки фонетической истории форматом общего обзора. Начните хотя бы с &quot;Исторической фонетики русского языка&quot; В.В.Колёсова (версия 1980-го года есть у Ксаны К.), даже с первых страниц виден совершенно другой уровень изложения, на порядок глубже в плане методики фонологии и проработанных деталей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну а далее, скорее всего, интересующие Вас аспекты уже далеко за пределами учебников и надо уходить в анализ научной периодики.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="827" LastActivityDate="2013-02-20T06:01:24.020" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1939" CreationDate="2013-02-20T13:49:14.480" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Покойник retains qualities of a personality which a труп does not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can speak about name, age, property, character, relatives, friends, colleagues, occupation, nationality of a покойник.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We cannot speak about say, relatives or name of a труп. Труп is a body, corpse, покойник is a person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Покойник был старый&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Means the deceased was old when he died.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Труп был старый&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Means the corpse was lying here for a long time since the death.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Покойник can be молодой, but a труп only can be свежий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar distinction exists not only among the dead but also among the alive: compare &quot;человек&quot; and &quot;тело человека&quot;. While both may refer to the same physical object, the &quot;тело&quot; is inanimate. We can speak about water and fat reserves of a &quot;тело человека&quot; but we can talk about water and fat reserves of a человек only in the sense of property.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-02-20T15:39:09.677" LastActivityDate="2013-02-20T15:39:09.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1945" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1946" CreationDate="2013-02-20T16:03:10.840" Score="19" ViewCount="3857" Body="&lt;p&gt;В частности в этом вот отрывке текста:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The display of an iOS device is at the heart of the user’s experience. Not only do people view beautiful text, graphics, and media on the display, they also physically interact with the Multi-Touch screen to drive their experience (even when they can’t see the screen). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что здесь пользователи делают со своим опытом? Как это сказать по-человечески?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="346" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-20T21:01:15.737" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T15:23:01.057" Title="Как лучше всего перевести «user experience»?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1945" CreationDate="2013-02-20T18:38:34.773" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Garrett's book title is translated into Russian as &lt;em&gt;Веб-дизайн: элементы опыта взаимодействия&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's quite an ugly calque in my opinion however it had rooted in the Russian web design argot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another option would be &lt;em&gt;пользовательские ожидания&lt;/em&gt;. Your excerpt describes what do iOS users expect from their devices and apps they run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately &lt;em&gt;опыт взаимодействия&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;пользовательские ожидания&lt;/em&gt; are not breakable in the same way the English phrases are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the original phrase (&quot;to drive their [users'] experience&quot;) seems quite ostentatious and apparently just means &quot;to do their stuff&quot;. I believe the author wanted to shift the focus from &quot;using the device&quot; or &quot;using the app&quot; to &quot;getting things done the way they expect&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think you'll have to invent your own translation or rephrase the sentence completely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Something along these lines:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Можно не глядя выполнять привычные действия, касаясь пальцами дисплея Multi-Touch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-02-20T18:38:34.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1947" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-20T18:47:59.420" Score="3" ViewCount="768" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a native Russian speaker and I have question for those whose mothertongue is English. Can you recollect some &lt;strong&gt;English phrases or expressions&lt;/strong&gt; with complicated sound and articulation? The Russian examples are &lt;em&gt;&quot;Шла Саша по шоссе и сосала сушку&quot;, &quot;Мама мыла мою малину&quot;&lt;/em&gt; - the first one is a tongue twister (or a patter, I don't know really) and the second is just a testing phrase for different speech systems. I need english phrases which are &lt;strong&gt;hard to pronounce/have many different sound combinations and to understand when you listen to them&lt;/strong&gt; (they may as well include some omophones such as night-knight).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1456" LastEditorUserId="1456" LastEditDate="2013-02-20T18:56:22.087" LastActivityDate="2013-02-20T18:56:22.087" Title="English expressions like &quot;Шла Саша по шоссе и сосала сушку&quot;, &quot;Мама мыла мою малину&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="9" ClosedDate="2013-02-20T21:50:07.243" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1945" CreationDate="2013-02-20T21:19:38.327" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best term for &quot;user experience&quot; in Russian would be &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;эргономика&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Yoiu can also use &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;удобство работы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-02-20T21:19:38.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1949" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1952" CreationDate="2013-02-21T01:41:37.413" Score="4" ViewCount="844" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've often heard the interjection &quot;так, так, так!&quot;. What does it mean? Can somebody illustrate with examples?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2013-02-21T17:44:49.383" LastActivityDate="2013-02-21T17:44:49.383" Title="Meaning of &quot;так так так!&quot;" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;междометие&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1949" CreationDate="2013-02-21T02:01:56.407" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;That can be translated as &lt;code&gt;Well, well, well!&lt;/code&gt; which means &quot;that's quite interesting.&quot; Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A teacher comes into the classroom, two pupils are kissing. The&#xA;  teacher says, &quot;Tак, так, та-a-a-aк!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A guy comes to a police station in Moscow and says, &quot;I'm a CIA afent,&#xA;  I've been spying on the Bolshoi Theater for 5 years.&quot; The policeman&#xA;  says, &quot;Tак, так, та-a-a-aк!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-02-21T02:01:56.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1949" CreationDate="2013-02-21T11:59:58.543" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;My impression is that it isn't what Yellow Sky thought it was in his answer. I'd say, on paper, I would expect two completely different meanings and intonations, depending on the number of &amp;quot;так&amp;quot;s:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Так, так, так!&amp;quot;, especially with that prolonged &amp;quot;а&amp;quot; in the last &amp;quot;так&amp;quot; is exactly what Yellow Sky said it was - an expression of interest. They are pronounced slowly, as if you're savoring the moment. I'll just quote his examples to illustrate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A teacher comes into the classroom, two pupils are kissing. The teacher says, &amp;quot;Tак, так, та-a-a-aк!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A guy comes to a police station in Moscow and says, &amp;quot;I'm a CIA agent, I've been spying on the Bolshoi Theater for 5 years.&amp;quot; The policeman says, &amp;quot;Tак, так, та-a-a-aк!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if I see 4+ &amp;quot;так&amp;quot;s, in my mind I pronounce them faster and I'd expect them to be used to stop the other speaker from continuing. Probably I'd continue the &amp;quot;так&amp;quot;s with &amp;quot;подожди&amp;quot;. It means something along the lines of the English &amp;quot;wait, wait, wait&amp;quot;. Here's an example to illustrate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- И тут этот парень ударил его прямо в лицо, и...&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;-- Так, так, так, так, подожди, имеешь в виду того парня, который перед этим приставал к его жене или того, который пил виски у бара?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Meaning:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;-- And then that guy hits him right in the face and...&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;-- Wait, wait, wait, do you mean the guy who was hitting on his wife or the one who was drinking whiskey at the bar?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-02-21T11:59:58.543" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="923" CreationDate="2013-02-21T17:28:28.217" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not know all the intricacies of the usage of this word, and the changes in it over time, but to provide some background, and to clear up some misconceptions, here are some additional information and usage examples (of which I was not able to find many).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word in question is not new, and was included in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explanatory_Dictionary_of_the_Living_Great_Russian_Language&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dahl’s explanatory dictionary&lt;/a&gt; in its first edition (1866, &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=cN1EAAAAcAAJ&amp;amp;dq=%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;pg=PA367#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;p. 367&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ravKf.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That definition simply equates the word with &lt;em&gt;терпение&lt;/em&gt;, which translates as “patience” or “endurance”, without any notes on special usage. Notably, the dictionary of Ukrainian language by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borys_Hrinchenko&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;B. Hrinchenko&lt;/a&gt; (1907‒1909) gives exactly same definition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Examples&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yury_Trifonov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yury Trifonov&lt;/a&gt;’s 1978 novel &lt;em&gt;The Old Man&lt;/em&gt; in which the hero remembers &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Civil_War&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Civil War&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда Данилов уехал, он пришел крайне подавленный и сказал: «Если у каторжного терпячка лопнула, то мне что же остается — пулю в лоб?»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here it seems to be used the same way someone would use the common phrase &lt;em&gt;терпение лопнуло&lt;/em&gt; (one’s patience was lost). However, it has some leaning towards the “endurance” sence. That is, if Danilov, former labour camp convict, could not bear or endure certain event, how could others?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;contemporary Kazakh writer and Ural region and Cossack historian &lt;a href=&quot;http://orenlit.ru/blog/%D0%AF%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;A. Yalfimov&lt;/a&gt; used the word in the novel that is still in progress, but with few chapters published in some regional literary magazines:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И вот, когда терпячка совсем кончилась, сна не было и кусок не лез в горло, вздрогнули казаки на ранней заре от могучего, протяжного гула.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastActivityDate="2013-02-21T17:28:28.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1954" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1955" CreationDate="2013-02-21T17:56:26.300" Score="16" ViewCount="485" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm reading Незнайка в солнечном городе and just encountered something I cannot properly make sense of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Подъем был такой крутой, что ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, подъем (= climb, rise, ascent, etc.) is a male noun, but why is the adjective not in instrumental case?&#xA;At least I learned that it should be instrumental with был and будет in such a sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tested it with Google translate. I know it's not reliable for translation, but it usually offers interesting alternatives. Google translate gives me:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;подъем был такой крутой  = climb was so steep&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and in the version, I though was the proper one with instrumental case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;подъем был таким крутым  = rise was so cool&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I have two questions: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Why is the adjective not in instrumental? Or in other words, which grammatical construct is it that I didn't learn about?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is Google translate right, does the adjective really mean something different if I put it in instrumental case? Why is that?  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would be happy if someone could enlighten me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1323" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-11-24T07:26:48.077" LastActivityDate="2018-11-24T07:26:48.077" Title="Does &quot;был крутой&quot; means the same as &quot;был крутым&quot;?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;essive&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1954" CreationDate="2013-02-21T18:39:03.603" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;These two versions actually mean the same thing (without differences in emphasis or anything else). Google Translate is often not a suitable source to rely on because &lt;a href=&quot;http://translate.google.ru/about/intl/en_ALL/&quot;&gt;it translates phrases and sentences by patterns&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nominative instead of instrumental case here is kind of colloquial transformation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="404" LastActivityDate="2013-02-21T18:39:03.603" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1956" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1960" CreationDate="2013-02-21T20:05:56.617" Score="7" ViewCount="861" Body="&lt;p&gt;For non-Russian-speakers it might be not so easy to detect the difference between words that are &lt;em&gt;almost&lt;/em&gt; synonyms; for instance the difference between &quot;теперь&quot; и &quot;сейчас&quot; (cf. &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1062/what-is-the-difference-between-%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8C-and-%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When would you use &quot;&lt;strong&gt;опять&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, when &quot;&lt;strong&gt;еще раз&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and when &quot;&lt;strong&gt;снова&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;? (assuming, of course, that I'm not wrong and they are indeed (&lt;em&gt;almost&lt;/em&gt;) synonyms)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2019-12-17T12:43:41.637" Title="Oпять, еще раз and снова" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1956" CreationDate="2013-02-21T21:38:36.003" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not from dictionaries, but from persional experience:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ещё раз&lt;/strong&gt; is mainly used when somebody asks to do something in a future, while &lt;strong&gt;опять&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;снова&lt;/strong&gt; are preferred for finished actions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты должен позвонить ему ещё раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, &lt;em&gt;снова&lt;/em&gt; is used for intentional actions, but &lt;em&gt;опять&lt;/em&gt; for occasional (unexpected) ones, even in future. There is phrase which expresses that the action was intentional:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не «опять», а «снова»!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ещё раз&quot; may be used for past events to put accent on repetition:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он ещё раз сходил за ёлкой, потом ещё раз... ([&quot;Падал прошлогодний снег&quot;])&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The boundaries between these meanings aren't strict and depend on speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="827" LastEditorUserId="827" LastEditDate="2019-12-16T19:28:12.730" LastActivityDate="2019-12-16T19:28:12.730" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1956" CreationDate="2013-02-22T01:00:09.907" Score="4" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ещё раз&lt;/em&gt; means “one more time”.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oпять&lt;/em&gt; means “again”.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Снова&lt;/em&gt; means “from the top, again, new beginning”.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1459" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-22T07:27:25.477" LastActivityDate="2013-02-22T07:27:25.477" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1956" CreationDate="2013-02-22T21:37:23.967" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer by Netch is wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Еще раз&quot; &quot;one more time&quot; is used when you expect that the event happens or will happen for the last time, you do not expect it to repeat again. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Опять&quot; and &quot;снова&quot; are used for actions that you expect to repeat again and again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Опять&quot; is usually used for undesirable events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Опять придется его об этом просить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not want to irritate him with my request again but I have no other choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ничего страшного, я снова его об этом попрошу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nothing bad, I can ask him again and he will do it without negative reaction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я попрошу его об этом еще раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will ask him again one more time (I hope it will be the last time).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &quot;снова&quot; may refer to starting anew a prolonged action, while &quot;опять&quot; may mean a continuation of the previous action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он снова начал готовиться к экзаменам&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possibly a year passed from the last time and he chose another university so he started to prepare anew.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он опять начал готовиться к экзаменам&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably something interrupted his preparations for a day or two and now he continued the preparations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он решил построить дом снова&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He decided to build a house anew in place of his previous house that was destroyed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он опять решил построить дом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He again decided to build a house (he already decided so previously but changed his mind).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, &quot;опять&quot; is used when you want to underline the unavoidable repetitiveness of the event:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;опять начались дожди&quot;, &quot;опять я заболел&quot;, &quot;опять крысы испортили продукты&quot;, &quot;он опять стал принимать наркотики&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Снова&quot; is used when you want to underline that the event starts anew and the results of the previous event are lost or that the event gained new momentum:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;придется снова собирать все документы&quot;, &quot;он снова влюбился и снова приобрел интерес к жизни&quot;, &quot;после выхода из тюрьмы он снова начал строить свою карьеру&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="12011" LastEditDate="2019-12-17T12:43:41.637" LastActivityDate="2019-12-17T12:43:41.637" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1961" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1962" CreationDate="2013-02-23T04:47:07.427" Score="13" ViewCount="6757" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a way to express &quot;geek&quot;/&quot;nerd&quot; idiom in Russian without a whole paragraph describing what or who a nerd/geek is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only thing I can think of that would be culturally equivalent would be &quot;очкарик&quot; but semantically, the meaning is different even if there's some idiomatic overlap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1230" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T13:13:59.010" Title="How do you say &quot;Geek&quot;/&quot;nerd&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1961" CreationDate="2013-02-23T05:30:42.790" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ботаник&lt;/code&gt; looks like a good candidate. Often shortened to &lt;code&gt;ботан&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly, Russian Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%28%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%29&quot;&gt;links&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;code&gt;Ботаник&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;гик&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;нёрд&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2013-02-23T09:05:09.287" LastActivityDate="2013-02-23T09:05:09.287" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1961" CreationDate="2013-02-23T06:03:17.020" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Зубрила&quot; may be what you are looking for. Also &quot;зануда&quot; if you want negative connotation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1304" LastActivityDate="2013-02-23T06:03:17.020" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1961" CreationDate="2013-02-23T07:02:12.153" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Задрот&lt;/em&gt; if you need strong negative connotation. That’s usually male, in his teens or older, with weird appearance and no girlfriend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1461" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-23T23:28:07.160" LastActivityDate="2013-02-23T23:28:07.160" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1961" CreationDate="2013-02-23T08:26:09.773" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Умник&lt;/em&gt;, from the root &lt;em&gt;ум&lt;/em&gt; (mind).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1459" LastActivityDate="2013-02-23T08:26:09.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1954" CreationDate="2013-02-23T14:59:43.367" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The major difference is about 'durative predicate' vs 'temporal predicate'. This difference in predicates is not so obvious in English, although it can be rendered by its means as well, cf:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;подъем был такой крутой = climb was so steep&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;подъем был таким крутым = climb had been/used to be so steep&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2013-02-23T14:59:43.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1924" CreationDate="2013-02-23T15:15:35.630" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, none of the CS or PS verbs could have -оть in its endings, because -оть is a MR ending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, you have missed the dialect form of надоть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-02-27T08:00:29.067" LastActivityDate="2013-02-27T08:00:29.067" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="147" CreationDate="2013-02-23T15:21:39.727" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the best matches is word &lt;em&gt;покой&lt;/em&gt;, although  &quot;&lt;em&gt;оставьте меня в покое&lt;/em&gt;&quot; means rather 'leave me alone' than 'can I have some privаcy'. The examples suggested for translation would become:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не могли бы Вы оставить меня в покое?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне небезразличен мой покой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-02-25T10:12:13.550" LastActivityDate="2013-02-25T10:12:13.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1969" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-23T23:44:50.163" Score="4" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Mallory we have the following PIE words (in this notation, g = palatal/plain ġ=plain/uvular):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;a̯enġhu̯is&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; snake (&gt; уж)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;a̯enghus&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; narrow (&gt; узко)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;a̯enghnos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; fear, constriction (&gt; ужас)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This hints at that the words could be related if the exact value of the g was determined wrongly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also wonder whether the following words are related:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;e̯oġhu̯is&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; snake, serpent (in Fortson, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯eghu̯is&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;). Mallory claims this is unrelated to the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;a̯enġhu̯is&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Fortson claims it is related to the following entry and reconstructs the same consonant in the root. Mallory claims that the &quot;traditional school&quot; derived hedgehog as &quot;snake-eater&quot;. The Brill etymological dictionary of Latin reconstructs the initial a̯- here and links this root to the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;a̯enġhu̯is&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, claiming that the -n- infix appeared here due to analogy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;e̯eghis&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; hedgehog (&gt; russ. ёж, eng. hedgehog)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;e̯eghs&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; out &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;e̯egherom&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; lake (&gt; russ. озеро)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯oġhu̯is&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, it could be connected to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯eġhu̯ti&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; drinks &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-02-24T12:21:35.920" LastActivityDate="2013-02-24T12:21:35.920" Title="Are the уж (a kind of snake) and узко (narrow) related?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2013-02-24T12:36:04.697" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1961" CreationDate="2013-02-24T06:49:45.587" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;While there are not direct equivalents to &lt;em&gt;geek&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;nerd&lt;/em&gt;, we can find some terms that can match them closely, depending on context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/geek?q=geek&quot;&gt;OED definition&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;em&gt;geek&lt;/em&gt; is “an unfashionable or socially inept person”, with the sub-sense of “a knowledgeable and &lt;em&gt;obsessive&lt;/em&gt; enthusiast” (emphasis mine). If we stress the obsessiveness of that enthusiasm, then the translations &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чо́кнутый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/cracked?q=cracked&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;cracked&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/batty?q=batty&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;batty&lt;/em&gt; &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, also &lt;em&gt;тронутый&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;touched&lt;/em&gt;)) and &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;поме́шанный&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;insane&lt;/em&gt;; literally: &lt;em&gt;messed (up)&lt;/em&gt;) often &lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru/geek/en/#lingvo/&quot;&gt;given by on-line dictionaries&lt;/a&gt; are suitable. Moreover, they line up with original etymology of &lt;em&gt;geek&lt;/em&gt; (“related to Dutch &lt;em&gt;gek&lt;/em&gt; ‘mad, silly’”). But these words do not necessarily imply “social ineptitude”, although they are usually used with disapproval to describe someone who is way too much into something or someone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nerd&lt;/em&gt;, who is &lt;a href=&quot;http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/nerd?q=nerd&quot;&gt;defined by OED&lt;/a&gt; as “a foolish or contemptible person who lacks social skills or is boringly studious”, is easy to match by the word &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;бота́ник&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (literally: &lt;em&gt;botanist&lt;/em&gt;, shortened as &lt;em&gt;ботан&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;бата́н&lt;/em&gt;). Why this discipline of biology acquired such dubious distinction is unclear, but there is a version that looks more like a folk etymology (as I have not seen a serious source on the subject), but it actually makes sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1825 classic of Russian literature, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Griboyedov&quot;&gt;Griboyedov&lt;/a&gt;’s satire &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woe_from_Wit&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Woe from Wit&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Горе от ума&lt;/em&gt;), there is a passage in Act III, where the Duchess talks about her nephew who is so involved in studying chemistry and botany that he is not interested in women or a career:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нет, в Петербурге институт&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Пе-да-го-гический, так, кажется, зовут:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Там упражняются в расколах и в безверьи,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Профессоры!! — У них учился наш родня,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И вышел! Хоть сейчас в аптеку, в подмастерьи.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  От женщин бегает, и даже от меня!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Чинов не хочет знать! Он химик, он ботаник,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Князь Фёдор, мой племянник.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;очкарик&lt;/em&gt; (one who wears glasses), while a good alternative, obviously limits its application to people whose sight had suffered from all that studying. On the contrary, why some dictionaries list &lt;em&gt;зануда&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;bore, pest&lt;/em&gt;) as the first choice translation for &lt;em&gt;nerd&lt;/em&gt; is beyond my comprehension. The word &lt;em&gt;умник&lt;/em&gt;, while originally may have had a positive sense of someone who is laudably intelligent, now became to mean to address someone (usually in a form of exclamation) who is “too clever” and knows too much for their own good.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a related topic, as a warning, while the word &lt;em&gt;ботаник&lt;/em&gt; came to be strongly associated with nerdiness, the informal meaning of the word &lt;em&gt;химик&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;chemist&lt;/em&gt;) and related slang verb &lt;em&gt;химичить&lt;/em&gt; (“do chemistry”) are usually used to describe someone doing some inappropriately dangerous tinkering, messing things up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-24T07:03:42.697" LastActivityDate="2013-02-24T07:03:42.697" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1972" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-02-25T19:12:19.487" Score="2" ViewCount="423" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the origin of diminitive suffix &lt;em&gt;-шк-&lt;/em&gt; for personal names (like &lt;em&gt;Антошка, Машка, Мишка, Ивашка&lt;/em&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-02-26T09:37:31.827" LastActivityDate="2013-03-06T13:22:15.137" Title="What is the origin of Russian suffix -шк-?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;социолингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1718" CreationDate="2013-02-26T08:24:18.263" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Где ты это узнал?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Откуда ты это узнал?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These questions seem to be identical, but the answers may be different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I have heard it at the market.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I have read it at the university.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I heard it from John; he told me about it at the market.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I read it in the tutorial at the university library.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1465" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-02-26T09:07:01.523" LastActivityDate="2013-02-26T09:07:01.523" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1972" CreationDate="2013-02-26T13:50:20.417" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a combination of &lt;em&gt;-Vх-&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Антон &gt; Антоха, Илья &gt; Илюха&lt;/em&gt;) and diminutive &lt;em&gt;-к-&lt;/em&gt;  (&amp;lt; &lt;em&gt;&amp;ast;-ьк&lt;/em&gt;) (&lt;em&gt;Тоня &gt; Тонька, Маша &gt; Машка&lt;/em&gt;), affected by palatalization: &lt;em&gt;&amp;ast;-хьк- &gt; -шк-&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-02-26T13:50:20.417" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1977" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1979" CreationDate="2013-02-26T15:35:05.537" Score="6" ViewCount="637" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, in English it is usually scatological diminutives, e.g. &lt;em&gt;poopy&lt;/em&gt;. In French, &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caca_boudin&quot;&gt;caca bouda&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, in both cases adults just don't use this set of cuss words, they use real cuss words that children wouldn't be allowed to use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the situation in Russian? Google and rambler are telling me that toddlers using adult cuss words in Russian is a concern but I'm not finding what cuss words Russian toddlers can get away with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've heard &lt;strong&gt;блин горелый&lt;/strong&gt; a lot, but I don't know if it's a toddler word or an adult stand in for a cussword.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feel free to answer in English or Russian, I read it okay, but my writing is pretty ужасно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please form your answer in a manner that is not a list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="967" LastEditorUserId="967" LastEditDate="2013-02-26T16:50:15.737" LastActivityDate="2013-03-04T02:41:31.427" Title="How do toddlers curse in Russian?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1718" CreationDate="2013-02-27T04:10:26.040" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use the both:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Где вы живёте?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Откуда вы приехали?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-02-27T04:10:26.040" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1977" CreationDate="2013-02-27T07:45:42.420" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's mainly defined by milieu, e.g. toddles from poor/socially deprived families can curse in quite an adult Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Блин горелый&lt;/strong&gt; is a euphemism unrelated to any specific age. A fact proving a point that children often imitate adult behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally, like most child languages, Russian 'toddle cursing' has a tendency for shorter words; therefore, the word &lt;em&gt;кака&lt;/em&gt; is used more often, e.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кака! Это кака!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Брось каку!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (mother to a child)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike in Romance languages, this word does not necessary mean 'faeces'. It may mean any bad/rotten/unpleasant thing (another point proving ISFP being a generalised MBTI sociotype for Russian culture, annd another example of similarities between Russian and French cultures).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is that Russian culture encourages stricter views on children's negative self-expression, and actions like verbal/actional aggression are often tabooed, even when committed in self-defence/assertiveness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-02-27T09:59:18.773" LastActivityDate="2013-02-27T09:59:18.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1980" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1982" CreationDate="2013-02-27T23:15:16.727" Score="7" ViewCount="429" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've looked up the pronunciation of the word &quot;Египет&quot; at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.forvo.com/word/%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82/&quot;&gt;forvo.com&lt;/a&gt;, and while it says that the pronunciation is /jɪˈgʲipʲɪt/, I hear a [b] and not a [p] in both available sound files. Am I hearing it correctly? If I am, then in what enviroments is [b] the realization of /p/ in Russian? Is it a phenomenon that affects other plosives too? Does it have a name?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1152" LastEditorUserId="1152" LastEditDate="2013-02-27T23:54:43.473" LastActivityDate="2013-03-04T07:21:48.187" Title="Is there a [b] or a [p] in &quot;Египет&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1980" CreationDate="2013-02-28T00:17:59.383" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is definitely [p] in both sound files and everybody pronounces it with [p].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason why you hear it as [b] is that the difference between /p/ and /b/ in Russian is merely in the absence/presence of voice, while in English it is more than that, English [pʰ] is not only voiceless, but is strongly aspirated, while [b] is weak and not aspirated. English speakers tend to rely mostly on aspiration to distinguish between /p/ and /b/. If there's no aspiration, like in Russian [p], one perceives it as an English [b]. In Russian there are no aspirated sounds; you will have to learn to detect if the sound is voiced or voiceless, if you are going to learn Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two languages &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; have a pair of sounds that are distinguished by different features in each language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2013-03-03T21:39:15.890" LastActivityDate="2013-03-03T21:39:15.890" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1982" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1980" CreationDate="2013-02-28T11:32:40.487" Score="9" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I hear a [b] and not a [p] in both available sound files. Am I hearing it correctly? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've made a spectrogram of the first phrase in Praat:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://imgur.com/zCEoYqM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/zCEoYqM.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;Hosted by imgur.com&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The vowels and vocal consonants are clearly distinguished by pulses in the lower part of the spectrum (black wave-like patterns in the lower part of the picture).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The red cross is positioned at the middle of the stop for &lt;code&gt;/п/&lt;/code&gt; which as you can easily see is the least voiced part of the whole word (the lower part of the spectrum is almost silent and definitely not pulsing).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian voiced consonants are full-voiced, that is they have significantly negative voice onset time, and be that a voiced consonant, the voice would have merged with the previous vocal sound, which we don't observe here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, it's definitely &lt;code&gt;[p]&lt;/code&gt;, not &lt;code&gt;[b]&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In what enviroments is [b] the realization of /p/ in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As with other consonants, voiceless consonants in weak positions before voiced sounds become voiced too (and voiced consonants lose voice before voiceless).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those processes are (quite creatively) called &quot;vocalization of the voiceless&quot; and &quot;devocalization of the voiced&quot; (&lt;em&gt;озвончение глухих&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;оглушение звонких&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This may be observed on morpheme or word boundaries: &lt;em&gt;крепдешин, шлюпбалка&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-02-28T14:32:07.963" LastActivityDate="2013-02-28T14:32:07.963" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1980" CreationDate="2013-03-04T02:23:22.653" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is &lt;em&gt;п&lt;/em&gt; [p], not &lt;em&gt;б&lt;/em&gt; [b]. It's not aspirated like the English &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; [p&lt;sup&gt;h&lt;/sup&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1484" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2013-03-04T07:21:48.187" LastActivityDate="2013-03-04T07:21:48.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1993" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="1996" CreationDate="2013-03-04T04:12:33.510" Score="14" ViewCount="7572" Body="&lt;p&gt;Several resources that I am using say that 'и' and 'ы' represent the same vowel sound, and that the only difference is the palatalization of consonants preceding 'и', but I perceive two different sounds. The same sources say that 'и' sounds like the 'ee' in &quot;see,&quot; and that 'ы' sounds like the 'i' in &quot;bit,&quot; but I think I am hearing a different sound for 'ы'. Additionally, the recordings of 'ы' do not sound anything like either of those. What is actually the case? Am I correct in assuming that the sound is not the same, or did I mishear the recordings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1177" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2013-03-04T04:40:58.160" LastActivityDate="2021-04-09T09:30:09.947" Title="Pronunciation of 'ы'" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1993" CreationDate="2013-03-04T08:39:45.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;These sounds are not the same indeed. Moreover, it is probably the only sound in Russian language that cannot be represented by any combination of Latin letters. And I don't think it sounds like 'i' in 'bit'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This vowel does not have an equivalent in English. Try to invest some time in learning it and differentiating from other sounds. To get Russian sound ы, you should  place your tongue in the position right between the positions of English sounds i in kit and u in sugar. Then make a new sound of ы. Note that this sound is different form the English i in bit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(taken from &lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/aa032301a.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not all tutorial videos in the net post a completely correct pronunciation. So it can be difficult to get used to. Try pronouncing 'i' and move your jaw forward a bit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes I have a feeling that people emit this sound when crying or being hit in the stomach&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1475" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2021-03-21T17:38:10.177" LastActivityDate="2021-03-21T17:38:10.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="1996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1993" CreationDate="2013-03-04T09:04:16.200" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sounds are not the same but the difference is determined by what consonant precedes those vowels. In other words, the softness of the preceding consonant affects the following vowel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You would not usually encounter Ы in the word beginning, so that's all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be fair the vowels can have soft and hard onset as if soft or hard consonant was preceding them. At the beginning of the words (when not preceded by other consonants)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;и has soft onset&#xA;ы has hard onset&#xA;э has soft onset&#xA;y has hard onset&#xA;а has hard onset&#xA;o has hard onset.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not directly dependent on whether a vowel makes the previous consonant soft &lt;strong&gt;in the middle&lt;/strong&gt; of the words. For example, э does not make the preceding consonant soft, but in the word beginning it is pronounced as if it was preceded by a soft consonant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This distinction is not phonemic in Russian, that's why it is not reflected in grammars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-03-05T19:21:39.680" LastActivityDate="2013-03-05T19:21:39.680" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1894" CreationDate="2013-03-04T09:39:21.773" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say that the ending -их adds a meaning similar to the definite article in English. In your sentences it is meaningless, so I would always say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На сколько человек заказывать пиццу?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я встретил нескольких товарищей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would mean &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I encountered several of &lt;strong&gt;the&lt;/strong&gt; comrades.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I encountered certain comrades.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;while&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я встретил несколькo товарищей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would mean &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I encountered a few comrades.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The -их implies an omitted clarifier:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На скольких [из вас] накрывать стол?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я встретил нескольких [из них].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You cannot use the &quot;сколько&quot; with this clarifyer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-03-04T09:55:08.373" LastActivityDate="2013-03-04T09:55:08.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1961" CreationDate="2013-03-04T12:26:10.500" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is worthwhile to note that if the text is addressed to young tech-savvy (and yeah, geeky) audience, the word &lt;code&gt;гик&lt;/code&gt; will be understanded by most. There are almost 2 million mentions of the word found by Google.&#xA;However, the calque &lt;code&gt;нерд&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;нёрд&lt;/code&gt; is used much less frequently, so translations suggested by other answers (&lt;code&gt;ботаник&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ботан&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;задрот&lt;/code&gt;, in the order of increasing negative connotation) should be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1495" LastActivityDate="2013-03-04T12:26:10.500" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="1999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1945" CreationDate="2013-03-04T13:03:13.230" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, 'User Experience' usually cannot be translated in a consistent way throughout long texts and the translation must be contextually adapted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe that the translation &lt;em&gt;пользовательские ожидания&lt;/em&gt; proposed by Quassnoi is wrong. This is a common pitfall to understand the word 'Experience' here as life experience (&lt;code&gt;опыт&lt;/code&gt;). Experience here means &lt;code&gt;впечатления&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;переживания&lt;/code&gt;. Hence, &lt;code&gt;эргономика&lt;/code&gt; is a far more narrow concept. Ergonomic quality of the product is only one part of the User Experience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum up, I would translate as &lt;code&gt;опыт взаимодействия&lt;/code&gt; if the author is talking about UX as a field of knowledge, job or discipline. In all other cases a replacement should be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дисплей — это главная особенность работы с устройствами на базе iOS. Впечатления людей состоят не только из просмотра красивых шрифтов и графики, но и физического взаимодействия с мультисенсорным дисплеем, которое может происходить даже, когда они не видят экран.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1495" LastActivityDate="2013-03-04T13:03:13.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1993" CreationDate="2013-03-04T15:52:04.783" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want to hear the &lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt; sound in an English word I would propose &lt;strong&gt;milk&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;city&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in other words, when you say &lt;strong&gt;see&lt;/strong&gt;, you smile. When you say &lt;strong&gt;city&lt;/strong&gt;, you don't. This is the easiest way to explain difference between &lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Explaining the mimics&amp;mdash;just try to push your &lt;strong&gt;lower jaw forward&lt;/strong&gt; as much as possible when you try to say &lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1496" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2013-03-05T21:30:43.803" LastActivityDate="2013-03-05T21:30:43.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1993" CreationDate="2013-03-04T16:31:11.403" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are indeed different sounds, and &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt; is notoriously difficult for non-native speakers. There are Slavic languages (e. g. Serbo-Croatian) that do not have &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt;.  Another interesting thing is that AFAIK no Russian word starts with &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt;, and saying &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt; by itself sounds awkward even to native speakers. It works much better when it is preceded by a consonant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to the sound itself, &lt;code&gt;i&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;code&gt;city&lt;/code&gt; is a good approximation, at least the way Americans typically pronounce it. Also, the &lt;code&gt;i&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;code&gt;Matilda&lt;/code&gt;.  I also like Stepan's observation that you smile when you pronounce &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;, but not when you pronounce &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My personal feeling on this is when you learn a language as an adult, you are never going to get the pronunciation exactly right. So you just have to approximate it as best you can.  Even if you say &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt; you will still be understood, although you may sound funny.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2013-03-04T16:31:11.403" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1765" CreationDate="2013-03-04T23:53:14.563" Score="5" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Картофель&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Картофель&lt;/em&gt; — official, full form.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Картошка&lt;/em&gt; — informal, common speaking form.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When we are trying to say “Go to the shop and buy some potatoes”, we don’t say &lt;em&gt;“Иди в магазин и купи картофель.”&lt;/em&gt; — it’s too official for shopping. We say &lt;em&gt;“Иди в магазин и купи картошки.”&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Плаха&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Плаха&lt;/em&gt; is scaffold for executions: a half of wooden barrel or block. This word is very old and we don’t use it in everyday life.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Плашка&lt;/em&gt; — it’s a little plate, or nameplate, or screw-thread die (a cutting tool). We never say &lt;em&gt;“Метчик и плаха — режущие инструменты”&lt;/em&gt; (“Taps and dies are cutting tools”) — it sounds very weird. &lt;em&gt;“Метчик и плашка — режущие инструменты”&lt;/em&gt; is OK.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So we use the diminutive form &lt;em&gt;плашка&lt;/em&gt;, but we almost do not use the full form &lt;em&gt;плаха&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Names&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Антон&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Мария&lt;/em&gt; — official, full form (passport, forms, at work, etc.). &lt;em&gt;Антоша&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;Антошка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Маша&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;Машка&lt;/em&gt; — diminutive form. We use it with children and good friends in good mood. &lt;em&gt;Антоха&lt;/em&gt; — very light, brute form, only for good friends. This form is very similar to cases of use like “How are ya, you old bastard?”. It’s very tricky to define when you may it use, and when — not. I think that for foreigners it’s better not to use that form. By the way, I can’t remember that I have had heard &lt;em&gt;Маха&lt;/em&gt;. Maybe, it’s too brute to call a girl that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Мартышка&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мартышка&lt;/em&gt; evolved from &lt;em&gt;Март&lt;/em&gt; (March). We never needed light, brute form of this word for good friends. So it sounds weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in everyday life some people sometimes use &lt;em&gt;мартышка&lt;/em&gt; for the brand name &lt;em&gt;Martini&lt;/em&gt;, and, maybe, &lt;em&gt;мартыха&lt;/em&gt;. But these cases are infrequent. And I don’t suggest them for foreigners to use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1498" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-03-05T09:12:38.557" LastActivityDate="2013-03-05T09:12:38.557" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1765" CreationDate="2013-03-06T12:43:02.223" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Woktionary says origin of this word is deutch &quot;marten&quot; or dutch &quot;martijn&quot; (and refers to M.Fasmer dictionary). So this probably happened about 200 (+-100) years ago (my own number). Мартын - at that time popular russian male name. So natural association occurs. And Мартын would 200 years ago be Мартышка. Just like Иван-Ивашка, Петр-Пертушка. This is quite natural for aristocrates of that time to use -шка- suffix when talking to peasants (just recalling Pushkin, Gogol, Saltykov-S.). No idea how you call this form of a name scientifically in English. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also russian language has suffix -их- which is dedicated to female species of animals. Слон-слониха, заяц-зайчиха. Which borders мартыха which has suffix -х-. But not the same (almost) obviously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then suffix -х- is quite new compared to -шк-. I suspect (from my memory) that is was not widely used even 50 years ago, and probably has to do with borrowing words from Ukraine/Poland. I.e Петруха - is definetly Петр in Ukraine. So мартыха would sound as 'ukrainism(украинизм)'. Those who consider examples as картоха, братуха - are not aware those are ukrainisms, and try to follow the patterns, so naturally suffix -х- becomes kind of &quot;Russian&quot;. But still very limited compared to -шк-.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This day native Russian speaker is not aware мартышка is a form of Мартын. So someone might use &quot;Мартыха&quot; occasionally. But мартышка has so many strong associations so it is hard to imagine to widely use other forms. &quot;Мартышка и очки&quot; by Krylov is on top. &quot;Мартышкин труд&quot;, &quot;кривлятся как мартышка&quot;. Those are unseparable strong forms. If you say &quot;мартыхин труд&quot; association will not ring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plus see that мартышка is just a 'meme' in real life we would very very seldom see мартышка and refer to it, and memes tend to keep it's original form. (ie &quot;All your base are belong to us&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1502" LastActivityDate="2013-03-06T12:43:02.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1954" CreationDate="2013-03-06T13:08:13.983" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This might be obscure, but the fact is that in Russian 'такой' is sort of special word. It has extra meaning, I would translate as &quot;soooo&quot;. And 'таким' has no such association. Saying 'такой крутой' is like 'soooo steep', and 'таким крутым' just 'so steep', or maybe just 'steep'. Because the listener ear could just omit 'таким' as a service word, which is not possible for 'такой' which is a very-very special word, as said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ok this might need some proof. Consider this: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;такой-сякой! &#xA;ты кто такой? &#xA;да, - я такой! &#xA;какой-такой (павлин-мавлин)? &#xA;ух ты какой!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those idioms are complete sentences, are quite powerful, and can be only explained and understood if you comprehend the strange special meaning of the word 'такой'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1502" LastActivityDate="2013-03-06T13:08:13.983" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1972" CreationDate="2013-03-06T13:22:15.137" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; complicated. This suffix is composed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is small example from one (&lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.ru/default.aspx?s=0&amp;amp;p=5310&amp;amp;0a0=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://slovari.ru/default.aspx?s=0&amp;amp;p=5310&amp;amp;0a0=2&lt;/a&gt;) dictionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck, this can keep you busy for an evening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Неодинаковы по степени продуктивности образования с уничижительным суффиксом разговорной речи -шк(а). Суффикс -шк(а) с этимологической&#xA;  точки зрения составной. Он включает в себя уменьшительно-ласкательный&#xA;  суффикс -к-, но облекает его оттенками фамильярного пренебрежения.&#xA;  Например: &quot;Вошел старичок низенький и толстенький, из породы людей,&#xA;  называемых коротышками или карандашами&quot; (Тургенев, &quot;Затишье&quot;). В&#xA;  суффиксе -шк(а), кроме суффикса -к-, этимологически различаются разные&#xA;  экспрессивные суффиксы, содержащие звук ш и восходящие к суффиксам&#xA;  -их-, -ух-, -ах-. Среди слов общего рода, оканчивающихся на -шк(а), кроме -ишк(а), выделяются еще два непродуктивных типа:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) слова с суффиксом -ушк(а): болтушка, вертушка и т. п.; этот суффикс соотносится с суффиксами лица -ун, -унья (ср. также слова на&#xA;  -уха) и присоединяется к глагольным основам; 2) слова с суффиксом -ашк(а): замарашка, побирашка, старикашка и т. д. (суффикс -ашк(а) частью соотносителен с суффиксом -ах(а), частью с -ан). Ср. у Л.&#xA;  Толстого в &quot;Крейцеровой сонате&quot;: &quot;Про себя я думал, что я милашка, что&#xA;  я вполне нравственный человек&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Все теснее сливаются с категорией личных слов на -а презрительно-уничижительные формы с суффиксами -ишк(а) и -онк(а):&#xA;  мальчишка, актеришка, фанфаронишка, хвастунишка, старичишка, мужичонка&#xA;  (51).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ср.: &quot;И вот только что показался этот скверный князишка, этот дрянной идиотишка, и все опять взбаламутилось&quot; (Достоевский, &quot;Идиот&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Образования с этими суффиксами свойственны преимущественно разговорной речи. В формах мужского рода продуктивен суффикс -ишк(а),&#xA;  в формах женского рода -онк(а).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And even that is only scratching a surface. Sometimes -шк- comes from -жк- which comes from -г- (). Each example of шк can have it's own story tracing to different languages and ages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also google &quot;общий род&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1502" LastActivityDate="2013-03-06T13:22:15.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2006" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-07T05:58:31.403" Score="1" ViewCount="208" Body="&lt;p&gt;In phrases like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это г@лимый бред.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это г@лимыe сопли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word has been detected in conversational register of middle/low class native speakers in NW Russia, sometimes in fictional literature to convey such a register. It is pronounced with the stressed &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The overall meaning is perhaps 'sheer', 'mere' or 'that of a worst kind', or all the three aspects together. But what are the exact semantics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can it be a borrowing from one of Gipsy languages in Russia (I am not sure from which one of them) where the word &lt;em&gt;галима&lt;/em&gt; (pronounced with stress on final a) means 'bad'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-03-18T20:09:21.673" Title="What are the exact orthography, etymology and explicit semantics of галимо/голимо?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;социолингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="15" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2006" CreationDate="2013-03-07T06:24:32.677" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's probably derived from &lt;code&gt;галиматья&lt;/code&gt; (from &lt;code&gt;galimatias&lt;/code&gt; «неразбериха», Parisian students' slang).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there are no &lt;em&gt;Gipsy languages&lt;/em&gt;, all the Romani people speak the same language with lots of local dialects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T06:24:32.677" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2006" CreationDate="2013-03-07T06:31:33.433" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it is not a borrowing from one of Gipsy languages (you are not sure which one of them). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;According&lt;/a&gt; to Phasmer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Происходит от праслав. формы, от которой в числе прочего произошли:&#xA;  ст.-слав. голъ (др.-греч. γυμνός), руск. голый, укр. го́лий, белор.&#xA;  го́лы, болг. гол, сербохорв. го̑, го̀ла, го̀ло, словенск. gòl, góla,&#xA;  чешск. holý, польск. goły, в.-луж. hoły, н.-луж. goły. Родственно&#xA;  латышск. gāla «гололедица», gàle ж. «тонкая корка льда», др.-в.-нем.&#xA;  kalo «лысый». Сюда же (с другим вокализмом) польск. gałąź, чешск.&#xA;  haluz «ветвь».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Original form was &lt;code&gt;голимый&lt;/code&gt;, but due to the process of shifting from &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt; in Russian dialect which finally became major one, form &lt;code&gt;галимый&lt;/code&gt; had been introduced. This is the same reason why forms гондон/гандон (о-form is correct) and изгаляться/изголяться (a-form is correct) coexist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This word is known at least &lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/sl18/slov-abc/04/sl515208.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;from XVIII century&lt;/a&gt; (already with negative connotations) and, I repeat, definitely has nothing in common with any Romani dialect lexeme. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In it first sense &lt;code&gt;голимый&lt;/code&gt; meant something pure, so it related to &lt;code&gt;беспримесный&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;чистый&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;незамутнённый&lt;/code&gt;. So &lt;code&gt;галимый бред&lt;/code&gt; is basically &lt;code&gt;pure nonsense&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's related word &lt;code&gt;голяк&lt;/code&gt;`полный голяк` which is used to describe the state of catastrophic lack of something, money for example. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-03-07T07:11:20.767" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T07:11:20.767" CommentCount="18" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2009" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2015" CreationDate="2013-03-07T11:07:43.903" Score="3" ViewCount="1008" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are pairs of verbs with similar meaning and similar prefixes such as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Восход солнца - Солнце взошло. - Побеги всходят.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Он воззвал к милосердию. - Эти люди взывают к разуму, а не к чувствам.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Он воздел руки к солнцу - Прежде чем вздевать руки к небу, не лучше ли сосредоточиться на насущных проблемах?&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are prefixes &lt;em&gt;вз-&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;вс-&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;воз-&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;вос-&lt;/em&gt; phonetic variants of each other? Or do they differ in meaning as well?&#xA;According to what rules are &lt;em&gt;вос-&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;воз-&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;вс-&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;вз-&lt;/em&gt; alternated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2013-03-08T20:44:19.020" LastActivityDate="2013-03-12T04:56:11.360" Title="Prefixes &quot;вос-&quot;, &quot;воз-&quot;, &quot;вс-&quot; and &quot;вз-&quot;" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2009" CreationDate="2013-03-07T11:25:29.957" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/spravka/rules/?rub=sogl&amp;amp;text=19_14&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Правила русской орфографии и пунктуации (1956) § 50.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;В приставках без-, воз-, вз-, из-, низ-, раз-, роз-, чрез- (через-) перед глухими к, п, с, т, ф, х, ц, ч, ш, щ пишется с вместо з, например: бесполезный, воспитать, вспахать, искусать, ниспровергнуть, рассыпать, роспись, чересполосица, но: безвкусный, бездарный, вздремнуть, возбудить, избавить и т. п  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Звонкая &quot;з&quot; в приставках приглушается, если за ней стоит глухая согласная. Это правило действует и в произношении, и в написании. вос- и воз- это не две разные приставки, это одна и та же приставка воз-, употребление воз- или вос- подчиняется только правилу из § 50, смысл/значение слова при этом не меняется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2013-03-07T12:08:21.120" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T12:08:21.120" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2011" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2014" CreationDate="2013-03-07T11:46:14.720" Score="7" ViewCount="658" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я тут составляю задачу для студентов. Она звучит примерно так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В ряд расположены N воздушных шариков разных цветов. Мальчик проходится по последовательности шариков и, как только видит два соседних шарика одинакового цвета, он их...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дальше мысль обрывается :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно сказать, что он их лопает? Может, взрывает? Помогите найти слово. Спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-03-07T12:04:26.613" LastActivityDate="2013-03-12T19:36:07.357" Title="Что сделал мальчик с воздушным шариком?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2011" CreationDate="2013-03-07T12:31:49.767" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Лопать(св. слопать) также означает есть/кушать и к этой задаче не очень подходит.&#xA;Может быть хлопает? хлопнуть шарик. хлопо́к - как раз звук лопающегося шарика.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;ещё варианты: убирает, протыкает, прокалывает, сдувает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T12:31:49.767" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2011" CreationDate="2013-03-07T12:31:56.437" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Протыкает! И лопает - так тоже говорят. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T12:31:56.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2014" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2011" CreationDate="2013-03-07T12:42:35.553" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Можно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда шарик делает это сам - он лопается. Это 100%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда мы ему помогаем - мы его лопаем. Причем именно иголкой или типа того. Сдуть шарик - значит сделать это аккуратно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кстати есть способ проткнуть шарик так, чтобы он не лопнул. Так что &quot;протыкать&quot; тоже не подходит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1496" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T12:42:35.553" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2009" CreationDate="2013-03-07T13:57:00.607" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;All those prefixes are derived from &lt;em&gt;&amp;ast;въз&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the fall of the reduced &lt;em&gt;ъ&lt;/em&gt; transformed into &lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt; in strong positions and fell in weak positions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It fell in proper Russian words: &lt;em&gt;всход &amp;lt; &amp;ast;възходъ&lt;/em&gt; etc. but retained in writing in OCS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian rendition of CS words required voicing of &lt;em&gt;ъ&lt;/em&gt; in this prefix so CS loanwords use &lt;em&gt;вос&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;восход &amp;lt; (CS.) восходъ &amp;lt; (OCS.) възходъ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-03-07T14:24:39.543" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T14:24:39.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1920" CreationDate="2013-03-07T16:19:54.030" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;At first, word composition looks a bit more complicated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An ending is only &quot;ый&quot; here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;т&quot; and &quot;н&quot; could be 2 suffixes or parts of suffixes (we wish, it is not part of a stem). &quot;н&quot; is definitive one, but suffix &quot;т&quot; doesn't seem to exist at all. It could be a part of a suffix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Adjective suffixes:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;оват&quot;/&quot;овит&quot; in &quot;угловатый&quot;,&quot;деловитый&quot;. I cannot imagine any combination like &quot;оватный&quot;, it just sounds unnatural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar story with suffix &quot;чат&quot;, &quot;аст&quot;, &quot;ат&quot;, &quot;ист&quot;. There is no need to add another suffix after. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Noun suffixes:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;ет&quot;(&quot;от&quot;) &lt;strong&gt;example: доброта - добротный&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;ист&quot; - i cannot imagine something with &quot;истный&quot;, and it doesn't look really Russian. Adjectives are build usually with &quot;истический&quot;. sounds more German.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;есть&quot;(&quot;ость&quot;) &lt;strong&gt;example: жалость - безжалостный&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://irgali.narod.ru/files/znashenia_suffiksov.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://irgali.narod.ru/files/znashenia_suffiksov.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1496" LastEditorUserId="1496" LastEditDate="2013-03-07T19:35:29.643" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T19:35:29.643" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2017" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2011" CreationDate="2013-03-07T21:26:22.083" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Может быть эти шарики надуты гелием?  Мальчик их отвязывает - они улетают.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2013-03-07T21:26:22.083" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2018" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-08T07:47:07.040" Score="2" ViewCount="575" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Remizov's (1877-1957) novel &quot;Пруд&quot; (The Pond), there are two passages with this word which is obscure for me. E.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Колечка, — вдруг услышал он такой знакомый голос с ласкающей &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;оттяжкой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, это звала Маша, — Колечка, чай кушать ступайте!&#xA;Коля обрадовался, вскочил, и неловко ему, что так обрадовался, супится.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...от звона стекла вздрогнули, а часы, под которыми в восемь Финогеновы топчут мышей, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;с оттяжкой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; пропели свои три часа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word definately means a kind of sound/pronunciation, but what kind of sound or pronunciation is it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-03-08T15:43:58.950" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T16:14:35.493" Title="What does &quot;оттяжка&quot; mean here?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1920" CreationDate="2013-03-08T07:58:34.660" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think &lt;em&gt;рвотный&lt;/em&gt; makes an exception here, while the rest of the adjectives shows a т + н combination of suffixes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is that these suffixes were first used to designate two different actants: т used to be a marker of (past) passive &lt;em&gt;participle&lt;/em&gt;, like in Germanic languages, while н was to designate an &lt;em&gt;adjective&lt;/em&gt; derived from a participle. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This participle/adjective distinction has survived up to day in modern Swedish language. Thus, т is a more ancient marker and н appeared later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The т + н combination might appear in Russian during the period of distribution of т/н participles by their conjugation types.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-03-08T09:31:07.363" LastActivityDate="2013-03-08T09:31:07.363" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2020" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-08T08:06:16.280" Score="4" ViewCount="205" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've stumbled upon this word in Andrey Bely's (Bugaev's) &lt;em&gt;Символизм как миропонимание (СПб 1994)&lt;/em&gt;. Even in the early 20th century the word was used negatively referring to 'широковещательность метафизики'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may also be applied as a radio term, yet its basic meaning, according to dictionaries, is negative and 'fictional' (книжный).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When and how did it become a negative term?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-04-09T16:59:09.283" LastActivityDate="2013-04-09T16:59:09.283" Title="When and how has the word широковещательный obtained its negative connotations?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2021" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-08T08:45:39.880" Score="4" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;Известно, что в русском языке интонация (тон) важна для смысла высказывания, и что тональность играет синтаксическую роль (вопросительная, восклицательная, модальное значение интонации и т.д.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Существуют ли исследования по тональности русского языка? Есть ли шкала синтаксических тонов?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2013-03-09T11:26:23.140" LastActivityDate="2013-03-11T05:30:16.880" Title="Cуществуют ли исследования тонической системы русского языка?" Tags="&lt;синтаксис&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1927" CreationDate="2013-03-08T14:45:16.083" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Several versions are presented in &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.lingvo.ru/actualthread.aspx?bid=18&amp;amp;tid=1035&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://forum.lingvo.ru&lt;/a&gt;. I prefer version German (Ein Loch in dem Kopf) -&gt; Jiddisch -&gt; Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="274" LastActivityDate="2013-03-08T14:45:16.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1927" CreationDate="2013-03-08T16:07:55.767" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Definately not. You may find this word, together with many others, in В. И. Даль и тайные языки в России (2004) by В. Д Бондалетов, Владимир Иванович Даль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of a sudden, this word (and many others) are presented there like - yes! - borrowings from Finno-Ugric languages of peoples settled in NW Russia. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word was a part of Ofenya slang and meant then мужик, обыватель, не-офеня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The source word is Finno-Ugric &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;lohi&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; meaning &lt;em&gt;salmon&lt;/em&gt;. The meaning in Ofenya slang was metonimical and stood for salmons being easy capture during spawning season.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-03-09T17:52:59.027" LastActivityDate="2013-03-09T17:52:59.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2018" CreationDate="2013-03-08T17:44:57.647" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) Way of pronouncing when you are singing your vowels and extending them. Generally when you are seducing someone or try to be nice, not really in use any more&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Same thing as above, but figurative, as if the clock was actually singing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1505" LastActivityDate="2013-03-08T17:44:57.647" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1993" CreationDate="2013-03-08T17:53:22.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The three sounds are different. ы sounds more like back vocal compared to i in city, milk, or think. One of the close cognates of the ы sound is Polish y. The sound is pronounced with a tip of tongue moved more backwards from the lower front teeth, dorsum upwards. Since, the 'back vocal'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The description sounds a bit like linguistic yoga, but you just have to check on your tongue moves when speaking a native language (whatever the concept is) and then compare them to those done when imitating a foreign pronunciation. That's simple enough, I hope.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2013-03-08T17:53:22.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2021" CreationDate="2013-03-08T23:57:02.270" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Конечно же существуют, их много, например &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.narod.ru/136-154.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;вот&lt;/a&gt; (с §150 по §171). Или &lt;a href=&quot;http://fonetica.philol.msu.ru/index1.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;вот&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-03-08T23:57:02.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2020" CreationDate="2013-03-09T13:02:16.573" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/1092150&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Толковый словарь Ушакова&lt;/a&gt;, this term has the second meaning. I could translate it to English as &quot;populist&quot; or &quot;promising&quot; (ironic):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;привлекающий обилием и многообразием обещаний&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9" LastActivityDate="2013-03-09T13:02:16.573" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1993" CreationDate="2013-03-09T21:51:43.690" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the closest sound is ‘ea’ in &lt;em&gt;teacher&lt;/em&gt;. Every Russian will hear ‘ы’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1509" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-03-10T07:11:32.090" LastActivityDate="2013-03-10T07:11:32.090" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2018" CreationDate="2013-03-10T03:14:15.217" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the first quote it refers to the woman extending the vowels in this guy's first name; that's common when you call someone who's at some distance from you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one refers to the way a sound of a bell of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striking_clock&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;striking clock&lt;/a&gt; lingers on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1510" LastActivityDate="2013-03-10T03:14:15.217" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2031" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-10T12:38:37.423" Score="8" ViewCount="799" Body="&lt;p&gt;Данное словосочетание часто встречается в экологии.&#xA;К примеру:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3% of US energy footprint comes from heating water for laundry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правильно ли сказать &quot;энергетический след&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="281" LastActivityDate="2013-03-18T09:30:09.280" Title="Как по-русски будет &quot;energy footprint&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2031" CreationDate="2013-03-10T13:51:31.497" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, &quot;след&quot; is not the right word here: although &quot;footprint&quot; does translate as &quot;след&quot; in a related term of &quot;carbon footprint&quot; (&quot;углеродный след&quot;), the meaning is quite different when the word is used in combination with &quot;energy&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would translate the term as &quot;объем энергии&quot; using the &quot;memory footprint&quot; (&quot;объем памяти&quot;) as a template, or simply use the &quot;энергопотребление&quot; word, like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3% энергопотребления США приходится на нагревание воды для стирки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastActivityDate="2013-03-10T13:51:31.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1993" CreationDate="2013-03-10T17:02:59.527" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the most important things to understand about the differences between Russian and English pronunciation is that in Russian, the vowel sound isn't really all that important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In English, there are 20 vowel sounds and 24 consonant sounds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In Russian, there are 5 vowel sounds and 36 consonant sounds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you think you hear a difference in the sound, it's because in Russian you pronounce the entire consonant but not the entire vowel; in other words, you move your tongue to make the vowel &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; the consonant has been &amp;quot;spoken&amp;quot; and start moving it for the next consonant sound &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the vowel is &amp;quot;finished&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider the word очень; there is no й in it, but if you listen closely (to a native speaker) it almost sounds like there is one.  Why? Because ч is always soft and so the back of your tongue moves up before you actually finish the &amp;quot;o&amp;quot; sound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of ы compared to и, you're mainly thinking too hard about it; if you pronounce the consonants correctly you'll get the vowel right 90% of the time.  If you actually pronounce a hard с in the word сырь then you'll get the sound right... but since it's a soft sound at the end it's going to change the end of the ы as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an interesting game to play if you have the chance.  When speaking English, try holding your tongue between your back teeth while speaking; you won't hardly pronounce a single consonant correctly, but any experienced English speaker will understand you perfectly. Beginning English students, however, will not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, pick a single vowel sound – o, for example – and use that for all vowels.  Russian people will understand you if you pronounce all the consonants correctly, but most beginning Russian students will not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1513" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2021-04-03T22:54:59.017" LastActivityDate="2021-04-03T22:54:59.017" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2031" CreationDate="2013-03-10T17:30:32.160" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm Russian, I have a diploma in Economics, and here's my answer: there's no such concept as &quot;footprint&quot; meaning &quot;total cost&quot; in Russian, you need to search for an appropriate word, as by &quot;footprint&quot; you always mean different things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this context I'd write &quot;3% потребляемой энергии приходится на стирку.&quot; But be careful, in some context you might want to use энергоёмкость (specific energy conumption) which means that to do X you need Y kWt*Hrs of energy. Or, to improve costs by M% you need to reduce энергоёмкость by K%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastActivityDate="2013-03-10T17:30:32.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2042" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-12T16:59:33.577" Score="7" ViewCount="323" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can I translate &quot;featuring&quot; which is used to mark guest singers/musicians in song titles? As if in: Crystal Castles - Not In Love (feat. Robert Smith)&#xA;&quot; X и Y - название песни&quot; is obvious, i'd like to find an accurate translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1526" LastActivityDate="2013-03-12T17:28:10.143" Title="How would you translate &quot;feat.&quot; (featuring) in song titles to Russian?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2042" CreationDate="2013-03-12T17:28:10.143" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say &lt;em&gt;при участии&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Something along the lines of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ВИА &quot;Кристал Каслз&quot; при участии Роберта Смита, композиция &quot;Никто мне не люб&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-03-12T17:28:10.143" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2011" CreationDate="2013-03-12T19:36:07.357" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;May be you need grotesque action, it's more fun :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Уничтожает, ликвидирует, устраняет, аннигилирует, дематериализует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="44" LastActivityDate="2013-03-12T19:36:07.357" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2045" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2049" CreationDate="2013-03-13T15:53:30.100" Score="12" ViewCount="1426" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm working with a website related to homosexuality and coming out and I need to translate the concept of &quot;coming out of the closet&quot; into Russian. Multitran suggest выйти из тени, публично заявить (аналогия со шкафом, потому что дети прячутся в шкафу, когда играют в прятки - предложено иностранцем-знакомым TaylorZodi), but I'm not so convinced. So, how would you translate &quot;coming out,&quot; both with and without the part &quot;of the closet&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1531" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-03-14T07:59:04.080" LastActivityDate="2014-01-04T15:03:58.030" Title="How would you translate &quot;coming out&quot; into Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2045" CreationDate="2013-03-13T16:37:29.120" Score="0" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;открыться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;выйти на свет (из тени)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;признаться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;раскрыть карты&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;заявить о себе&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As others have noted, these expressions do not point directly to a 'coming out', only in the sense of &quot;confess&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2013-03-14T01:57:05.037" LastActivityDate="2013-03-14T01:57:05.037" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2045" CreationDate="2013-03-13T20:17:11.170" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no common and well accepted term for this in modern Russian. This means that variants are possible. Any of the following will work:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;открыться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;признаться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;заявить о себе&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1533" LastActivityDate="2013-03-13T20:17:11.170" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2045" CreationDate="2013-03-13T23:41:18.467" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no specific term or expression for this in Russian, so you can consider three options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;use plain common words and simple narrative: &quot;он признал, что он&#xA;гей&quot;, &quot;он заявил о своей нетрадиционной ориентации&quot;, &quot;он перестал скрывать, что он гомосексуал&quot;.   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;translate the English expression. This is becoming common in the media, but&#xA;always demands additional explanation: &quot;как говорят на Западе, он &quot;вышел из шкафа&quot;, т.е. заявил о своей гомосексуальности&quot; or &quot;Красовский, как теперь говорят, совершил камин-аут — в прямом эфире сказал, что он гей&quot;. It sounds a little awkward, like many other words and expressions Russian is trying to adopt at the moment (&quot;smoothie&quot; becomes &quot;смусси&quot; and sounds just plain weird), but it is spreading quite fast.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;try to invent a new expression. &quot;Раскрыть карты&quot; or &quot;выйти на свет&quot; that were suggested here are by no means accepted expressions to talk  about homosexuality, but &quot;to come out of the closet&quot; wasn't once either. If you do that, however, you risk sounding corny.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="626" LastActivityDate="2013-03-13T23:41:18.467" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="318" CreationDate="2013-03-14T00:18:58.717" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In oral conversation between programmers is can be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вылетела с ЖиПиФ'ом.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does not sound like literature Russian, but it is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1533" LastActivityDate="2013-03-14T00:18:58.717" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2052" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-14T05:06:18.227" Score="10" ViewCount="1514" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;От добра добра не ищут.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is its meaning the same as in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лучшее - враг хорошего?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not, are there any similar idioms in Russian which might clarify the meaning of the former phrase?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-03-17T09:31:38.493" LastActivityDate="2013-10-16T18:33:56.140" Title="What is the meaning of &quot;от добра добра не ищут&quot;?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2053" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2052" CreationDate="2013-03-14T05:47:16.597" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нет, это не совсем одно и тоже.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%89%D1%83%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;От добра добра не ищут&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Получив нечто даром, не следует ожидать или требовать бо́́льшего. Чаще применяется к отношениям между людьми или к ситуации, на которую сложно повлиять.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Делая добро людям не надейся на благодарность в ответ.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лучшее - враг хорошего&lt;/em&gt; - не сто́ит пытаться улучшить/доработать что-то, что уже работает хорошо. Чаще применяется к материальным вещам/процессам/технологиям, на которые можно легко повлиять и легко испортить, получив результат, обратный ожидаемому.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2013-03-15T01:07:04.037" LastActivityDate="2013-03-15T01:07:04.037" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2045" CreationDate="2013-03-14T07:49:06.793" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;У этого узко специфического термина в той среде и в том информационном контексте, в котором он употребляется, уже довольно прочно сформировалась традиция не переводить этот термин и употреблять его как есть: &lt;code&gt;каминг аут&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;каминг-аут&lt;/code&gt;. Чаще всего употребляется вместе с глаголами действий вроде &lt;code&gt;сделать&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;совершить&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;===&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;De-facto this term does not translate and is used &quot;as is&quot;, transliterated as &lt;code&gt;каминг аут&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;каминг-аут&lt;/code&gt;. This is a noun, which is typically used with action verbs, such as &lt;code&gt;сделать&lt;/code&gt; (to make) or &lt;code&gt;совершить&lt;/code&gt; (to commit). Also, as far as I know, the term &lt;code&gt;выйти из шкафа&lt;/code&gt; is also pretty understandable in the Russian gay community.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ps:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Here are some examples of using this terms by &quot;native speakers&quot;: ))) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.afisha.ru/article/gay-issue/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.afisha.ru/article/gay-issue/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="2353" LastEditDate="2014-01-04T15:03:58.030" LastActivityDate="2014-01-04T15:03:58.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2018" CreationDate="2013-03-14T17:12:17.410" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mechanically оттяжка means redirection of force.&#xA;When a whip is used оттяжка means draw of the whip after  shot to add pain.&#xA;So vowels are pronounced with оттяжка -a prolonged ,sometimes accentuated melodic sound used purposefully for redirection of meaning, adding emotion-characteristic of an emotive prose.&#xA;Clock in question reverberate with оттяжка-here it means reverberation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1452" LastActivityDate="2013-03-14T17:12:17.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2031" CreationDate="2013-03-15T04:53:16.097" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian language is de-facto used (to greater or lesser extent) in some countries, even in those one where it is not recognized as official one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Among Latvian residents I've recently encountered phrase &lt;code&gt;экологическая стопа&lt;/code&gt;, which I've never heard before but nevertheless came up to conclusion that this is exactly what &quot;ecological footprint&quot; stands for. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After some research (a-ha-ha, that's how googling should be called to sound more scientific) I've &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.latvija2030.lv/upload/latvija2030_rus.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;found this term&lt;/a&gt; used in official Latvian documents translated to Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, there are some examples of using this term in Russian documents as well. &#xA;So, since this is a relatively new term and thus this is a question of adoption of some certain form, I'd stick to &lt;code&gt;стопа&lt;/code&gt;. This perfectly understandable, clear and correlates with english word footprint. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, my advice would be to say &lt;code&gt;энергетическая стопа&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2013-03-15T04:53:16.097" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2031" CreationDate="2013-03-15T12:08:48.307" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, given the general Russian tendency to literally copy English terminology, almost word for word, this particular case poses one of the most misleading concepts since &quot;footprint&quot; appears to be of an ultimately metaphorical simile comprising both area and the trace left by carbon emissions per hectare, so, fair enough,it would be logical to perceive it as a proportion of carbon dioxide pollution per area unit, a required quotient  rather than just measurement. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1540" LastEditorUserId="1540" LastEditDate="2013-03-18T09:30:09.280" LastActivityDate="2013-03-18T09:30:09.280" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2058" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2031" CreationDate="2013-03-15T12:54:52.917" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;коэффициент эмиссии парниковых газов на единицу площади&quot; or a slightly reduced version &quot;энергокоэффициент парникового эффекта&quot; would be a bit wordy but no less concise suggestion in my opinion. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1540" LastEditorUserId="1540" LastEditDate="2013-03-15T13:03:41.100" LastActivityDate="2013-03-15T13:03:41.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2059" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2031" CreationDate="2013-03-15T16:24:52.887" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate with a verb like 'отнимает' or 'отбирает' or 'забирает'.&#xA;Means - takes from the whole consumption or from the whole energy production even better&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1542" LastActivityDate="2013-03-15T16:24:52.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2060" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2052" CreationDate="2013-03-16T07:42:21.803" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, that was precisely the interpretation&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; by Leo Tolstoy: he even wrote a short fable to illustrate it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бежал заяц от собак и ушёл в лес. В лесу ему хорошо было, да уж много он страху набрался и хотел ещё лучше спрятаться. Стал искать, где поглуше место, и полез в чащу в овраге — и наскочил на волка. Волк схватил его. Видно, правда,— подумал заяц, что от добра добра искать не надо. Хотел лучше спрятаться и вовсе пропал. &lt;strong&gt;(Л. Н. Толстой)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A rabbit ran away from a dog, and hid in the woods. He was safe there, but because he was scared so much, he decided to look for an even better hiding place. He ran into the thickets in the ravine, and got caught by a wolf. That's when the rabbit understood that one shouldn't try improving what's good: he wanted to hid better, but got caught instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pushkin's well-known &lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/pushkin/texts/selected/ppl/ppl-036-.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Видел я трех царей ...&quot;&lt;/a&gt; quote suggests that his interpretation has been identical to that of Tolstoy, that giving up what's good in exchange for what you perceive to be even better may carry significant risks. This meaning is close to &quot;Лучшее - враг хорошего&quot;, which translates as &quot;Perfect is the enemy of good&quot;, though it is not entirely the same: it implies that the current state is definitely not perfect, and that it does not address the risk aspect of searching for the perfection, which may or may not exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;hr/&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; Until today, I thought this was the only interpretation in existence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="426" LastEditDate="2013-03-17T06:32:09.750" LastActivityDate="2013-03-17T06:32:09.750" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2018" CreationDate="2013-03-16T16:03:11.377" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &quot;знакомый голос с ласкающей оттяжкой&quot; some typically Russian melodious manner to prolong or drag out vowels seems to be implied. The quality of vocalization can differ due to a certain attitude of the speaker ranging from anger to tenderness or endearment. Here, obviously, Masha calls the boy with a soothing tenderness in her voice that is so familiar to him, as if singing [Ko-o-olye-e-tchka] (maybe not singing out too loudly)which adds even more palatalization to the already palatalized [L]consonant. &#xA;   Yes, &quot;растягивая&quot; would scan here as well (as shows a quote from B.Akunin's novel, 'Будет петь, подумал Романов. Но висельник не запел, а протяжно, подвывая и растягивая звуки, продекламировал...'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, while taking into account the above mentioned observation, I would point out that the author's choice might presumably have been dictated by the syntactical or/and phonological/prosodic specificity of the whole sentence. Besides, from my perspective, &quot;оттяжка&quot; sounds a tad less trivial in this particular context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1540" LastEditorUserId="1540" LastEditDate="2013-03-16T18:29:35.910" LastActivityDate="2013-03-16T18:29:35.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2062" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2018" CreationDate="2013-03-16T16:36:02.673" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The quote&quot;...от звона стекла вздрогнули, а часы, под которыми в восемь Финогеновы топчут мышей, с оттяжкой пропели свои три часа.&quot;, in this instance, gives an additional nuanced meaning to the previously highlighted noun. The noun phrase, metaphorical as it is, &quot;С оттяжкой&quot; modifies the sound of the clock's chime which appears to be not only rather lengthy and melodious but also flexible and smooth, akin, truly so, to an abrupt, swishing, whip-like motion preceding a strike. Needless to say, the word choice used in the description underscores a mild irony of the situation. &#xA;  One more cursory remark, it's interesting how the slang verb &quot;оттягиваться&quot; basically meaning &quot;have a good time&quot; or closer stylistically &quot;hang loose&quot;, &quot;chill out&quot; relates to the whole bunch of connoted implications.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1540" LastEditorUserId="1540" LastEditDate="2013-03-18T11:28:49.257" LastActivityDate="2013-03-18T11:28:49.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2064" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2052" CreationDate="2013-03-17T14:41:13.287" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say that they have roughly the same meaning with some nuances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;От добра добра не ищут&lt;/em&gt;&quot; usually refers to a complete change, which is too risky (such as changing job, place of living, place of studying, citizenship, changing the key elements of business such as personality of the management, market target, basic design and so on)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Лучшее враг хорошего&lt;/em&gt;&quot; usually refers to to minor improvements which may be good taken separately but have tendency to never end because of newer and newer ideas appearing and hamper normal production process. This may also refer to never-ending reconstruction and other pursuits for perfection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-03-17T14:41:13.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2065" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2066" CreationDate="2013-03-17T20:06:22.290" Score="7" ViewCount="925" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can I say &quot;why are you making a duck face&quot; in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2013-03-17T20:47:03.317" LastActivityDate="2013-05-01T19:18:20.240" Title="How can I say &quot;why are you making a duck face&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2065" CreationDate="2013-03-17T22:34:12.767" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The literal translation is “Зачем ты выпячиваешь губы?” You can also say “Зачем ты гримасничаешь?”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="222" LastActivityDate="2013-03-17T22:34:12.767" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2065" CreationDate="2013-03-17T23:23:29.893" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;why are you making a duck face?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Зачем ты делаешь лицо «уточкой»?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Зачем ты делаешь губы «уточкой»?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;making a duck face&lt;/em&gt; - сделать/показать «уточку» (short form)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2013-03-17T23:23:29.893" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2006" CreationDate="2013-03-18T17:35:24.523" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the adjective/adverb is now generally perceived as a derogatory one, I assume, the following excerpt from Vladimir Dahl's dictionary entry(aka Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language)I have stumbled upon recently, might prove relevant here or possibly shed some light on its quite obscure origin: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ГАЛИТЬ вят. гадовать, блевать, рвать, тошнить, тянуть с души. Его галить. Более говор. о грудных младенцах. Галить или галеть или галить сев. галегать зап. галяндать сев. олон. шалить, проказить, дурить, шутить, смешить: или зубоскалить, смеяться. || Арх. лягаться? || Галить сиб. подавать мяч или шар в игре, гилить. Галиться над кем, сев. изгаляться, смеяться, насмехаться, издеваться. || Новг. пск. ниж. орл. пялить глаза, глазеть, смотреть, дивиться или любоваться, засматриваться. На красавицу люди галятся. || Галить младенца, орл. дать полежать несвитому; он галится, тянется и подает голос. Галенье ср. новг. яросл. перм. смех, насмешка, насмешничество. То–то будет галенья! Галяй, пск. кто галится, насмешник.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Supposedly, the verbal definitions particularly related to those of various &quot;vomit&quot; derivatives and especially marked by the vulgar register such as &quot;throw up&quot; and/or &quot;puke&quot; as well as cat, retch, barf, spew, spue, might potentially approximate to &quot;галить, гадовать, блевать&quot;, etc. if not in totally overlapped meaning but at least on a highly pejorative scale. &#xA;  At some point the verb &quot;галить&quot;, having its origin from the country's rural areas and, consequently, of a regional, dialectal tinge, might have transformed into the adjective &quot;галимый&quot;(hypothetically, retaining the same root)that ended up proliferating among urban lower class communities with poor educational background in the course of influx into big cities. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1540" LastEditorUserId="1540" LastEditDate="2013-03-18T20:09:21.673" LastActivityDate="2013-03-18T20:09:21.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1734" CreationDate="2013-03-19T11:46:51.227" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as the peculiarities of colloquiallisms in Russian are concerned as well as, quite typically so, in English or other languages, more often than not they do not always appear to be going along the lines of logic or at least are likely to be viewed as such, pretty much confusing, as it were, by a non-native speaker. In the aforementioned phrase the &quot;да&quot; ingredient is used, in a nutshell, to express an emphatic &quot;no&quot; being used as a means to put an additional stress to the negative response rather than add to some cognitive ambiguity which one can possibly overcome with practice and experience. What's more, when attempting to deconstruct a spoken language, there's no way to treat any particle of it as redundant, since every single speck of it comes into existence in the course of natural process. I wonder if we can consider this very instance an interjection. To illustrate this with an example, here's a quote from L.Tolstoy's Kreutzer Sonata: — Ах, что вы! Да нет. Нет, позвольте, — в один голос заговорили мы все трое. Даже приказчик издал какой-то неодобрительный звук.&#xA;   Another example shows that it can serve a certain emotionally charged purpose, somewhat similar to &quot;хотел, да не успел!&quot;. Sometimes the exclamation mark may read quite apt for that matter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1540" LastEditorUserId="1540" LastEditDate="2013-03-19T15:03:51.400" LastActivityDate="2013-03-19T15:03:51.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2065" CreationDate="2013-03-19T21:00:43.933" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;That sentence makes me smile. Sure enough, to its credit, Urban Dictionary, being an open resource, at the same time would unlikely be considered the most trustworthy one on the web in this respect, and yet, here is an entry I like:&quot;A facial expression utilized by attention-seeking teenage girls in which they push their lips outward and upward to give the appearance of large, pouty lips.&#xA;Amanda Fuchs makes a duckface in all of her profile pictures.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some coquetry given, I would suggest something like Милая, к чему такое&quot;поцелуйное&quot;личико? or Ты уверена, что твоя утиная гримаска здесь уместна? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Internet yields another sample:&quot;...сбегала к зеркалу, скроила утиную морду - реально кажется. что суперсекси...&quot; which indicates that the English authentic(?), not sure about its etymology, phrase has been successfully infiltrating the Russian everyday speech). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1540" LastEditorUserId="1540" LastEditDate="2013-03-19T21:10:23.863" LastActivityDate="2013-03-19T21:10:23.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2071" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-19T22:25:34.813" Score="4" ViewCount="345" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ни&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; written separately or together with the main word? And is it &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ни&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; or is it &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-04-09T16:58:27.203" LastActivityDate="2013-04-09T16:58:27.203" Title="How do you write 'нипочему'?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2071" CreationDate="2013-03-19T22:59:24.997" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This depends on what word/sequence you really mean. Depending on the context there can be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;ни почему &#xA;нипочему &#xA;ни по чему&#xA;не почему&#xA;непочему&#xA;не по чему&#xA;ну почему&#xA;ну по чему&#xA;но почему&#xA;но по чему&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Он ни о чем меня не спрашивал - *ни почему*, ни зачем.&#xA;&#xA;- Почему ты злишься на меня? &#xA;- *Нипочему*, просто так.&#xA;&#xA;- Я уже *ни по чему* не скучаю.&#xA;&#xA;- По чему ты перешёл на этот берег?&#xA;- *Ни по чему* не перешёл, я переплыл.&#xA;&#xA;- Спрашивать надо было *не почему*, а зачем.&#xA;&#xA;- Я бы перешел на тот берег, да *непочему*.&#xA;&#xA;- По чему она скучает?&#xA;- *Не по чему*, а по кому.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-03-19T23:17:39.460" LastActivityDate="2013-03-19T23:17:39.460" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2020" CreationDate="2013-03-20T20:35:15.817" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've only ever heard this word used in the sense of &quot;wide-band&quot; or &quot;broadcasting&quot; (e.g. широковещательный приемник). I doubt a native Russian these days would know the second meaning outside of context, leaving aside its possible negative connotations. I think it should be demoted to &quot;устар.&quot; (obsolete).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1547" LastActivityDate="2013-03-20T20:35:15.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2074" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2052" CreationDate="2013-03-21T09:26:59.213" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would not agree with other interpretations. You should first understand what is &lt;code&gt;искать добро&lt;/code&gt;. Which is similar to &lt;code&gt;seeking the truth&lt;/code&gt;. Now &lt;code&gt;от добра&lt;/code&gt; is different and means &lt;code&gt;in comfort&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;having happy life&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;being rich&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;having full house of goods&lt;/code&gt;. So comfort living will not make you the truth seeker. This may confuse if you think that &lt;code&gt;добро&lt;/code&gt; is used in same meaning twice, which is not exactly so. The context is normally mildly negative. It's like accusing someone (or self) of being lazy in a fancy philosophical way of saying. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just realized you can say &lt;code&gt;with goods you won't seek for good&lt;/code&gt; in english.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1502" LastActivityDate="2013-03-21T09:26:59.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1765" CreationDate="2013-03-22T18:01:36.987" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мартыха&lt;/code&gt; is not a real Russian word. It's being used as a joke. For example, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мартышка - мартыха&#xA;  is like as&#xA;  monkey - monkie&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1552" LastEditorUserId="81" LastEditDate="2013-03-26T11:16:13.510" LastActivityDate="2013-03-26T11:16:13.510" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2065" CreationDate="2013-03-22T18:03:51.353" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему ты придуриваешься уткой?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1552" LastActivityDate="2013-03-22T18:03:51.353" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2065" CreationDate="2013-03-22T19:05:05.577" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;зачем делать губки бантиком???&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastActivityDate="2013-03-22T19:05:05.577" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2082" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2086" CreationDate="2013-03-23T20:04:17.973" Score="6" ViewCount="2169" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильно ли писать &lt;code&gt;тридцатитрёхпроцентные сливки&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2013-03-24T09:54:30.197" LastActivityDate="2013-03-30T03:39:32.140" Title="Как правильно пишется &quot;33%-ный&quot; прописью?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2082" CreationDate="2013-03-23T20:29:03.330" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Знак % указывать не нужно:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;тридцати трех процентные сливки&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;33-процентные сливки&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Со знаком %:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;сливки 32%&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1554" LastEditorUserId="1554" LastEditDate="2013-03-23T20:34:46.947" LastActivityDate="2013-03-23T20:34:46.947" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2084" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-03-24T05:12:32.513" Score="6" ViewCount="738" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the basic words and phrases of politeness in Russian, and their English equivalents (preferably explained in English)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that words, phrases, and occasions for politeness differ among languages, so if there is a phrase appropriate to e.g. both &quot;Thank you&quot; and &quot;I'm sorry&quot; (where I live, drivers raise and clearly wave their hands in a gesture that means either depending on context), I would appreciate an explanation of how the boundary lines are drawn in Russian where they are different from American English boundary lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not looking for really obscure information known only to specialists in etiquette, but barring that, I would like as much detail as possible for words/phrases of politeness in dealing with ordinary Russians.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Spaseba, bolshoe spaseba,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1556" LastActivityDate="2013-03-24T10:01:24.557" Title="What are the words (and phrases) of politeness, with English equivalent?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2084" CreationDate="2013-03-24T09:55:10.250" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not absolutely sure about correctness of certain phrases of politeness in English, but I can give some simple examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you ask something, for example, in a ticket booth or a shop, you can say &quot;Будьте добры&quot;, &quot;Будьте любезны&quot; or &quot;Пожалуйста&quot;, and then - whatever you wanted to be given. You don't even have to say &quot;дайте мне&quot; (give me). You can put that either in the beginning of sentence or in the end, doesn't matter much. For example, &quot;Будьте добры, 2 билета на спектакль.&quot; &quot;Билет на две поездки, пожалуйста/будьте добры/будьте любезны&quot;. Those are the equivalents of &quot;Please&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Words of gratitude: &quot;Спасибо&quot; &quot;Благодарю&quot; &quot;Благодарю вас&quot;. &quot;Спасибо большое&quot; can be used, but I rarely use it, it just feels too strong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You're welcome: &quot;Пожалуйста&quot; &quot;Не за что&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you accidentally pushed someone: &quot;Извините&quot; &quot;Простите&quot; &quot;Прошу прощения&quot; &quot;Простите, ради Бога&quot; (this can be useful if a person fell because of you and you help them get up, a stronger form of being sorry).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you stop somebody in the street to ask for directions, first word: &quot;Извините&quot; &quot;Простите&quot; &quot;Прошу прощения&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The equivalent of &quot;could you please...&quot; : &quot;Не могли бы вы...?&quot; For example: &quot;Не могли бы вы показать мне этот аппарат, пожалуйста?&quot; (&quot;Could you please show me this device?&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There might be more. You can write in the comments if you want me to add something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1475" LastEditorUserId="1475" LastEditDate="2013-03-24T10:01:24.557" LastActivityDate="2013-03-24T10:01:24.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2082" CreationDate="2013-03-24T12:00:35.487" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сложные прилагательные, первая часть которых – числительное, &lt;a href=&quot;http://yarus.aspu.ru/?id=101&quot;&gt;пишутся&lt;/a&gt; слитно. Поэтому правильным будет написание &lt;code&gt;тридцатитрёхпроцентные&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-03-24T12:00:35.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2087" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2100" CreationDate="2013-03-27T07:04:39.940" Score="8" ViewCount="924" Body="&lt;p&gt;Speaking of words &quot;лгун&quot; and &quot;лжец&quot;, which to me as a native speaker sound quite interchangeable, which form is used more often? And which of these words of such close origin and meaning can be considered the &quot;original&quot; form. Can we say that one of these words has been in use longer than another? At last, are there any connotational and stylistic differences between these two forms?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-07-12T13:54:37.630" LastActivityDate="2016-07-12T13:54:37.630" Title="Difference between &quot;лгун&quot; and &quot;лжец&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2088" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2089" CreationDate="2013-03-27T09:16:09.287" Score="8" ViewCount="502" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that many English (online) sources list cases in the following order:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nominative - Accusative - Genitive - Dative - Instrumental - Prepositional&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess that this ordering is inspired by the unfamiliarity of many English speakers with case systems. Other sources use an ordering that is obviously inspired from Latin grammar schools:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nominative - Genitive - Dative - Accusative - Instrumental - Prepositional&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A similar issue arises with the gender. The standard Latin grammar school ordering is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Masculine - Feminine - Neuter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;while some sources, like the Wikipedia article on &quot;Russian grammar&quot;, sometimes employ the ordering&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Masculine - Neuter - Feminine&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to learn which of these ordering, or maybe something different, is to be considered authorative. I am beginner in Russian, but I think the question is beyond standard text books and therefore appropiate for this site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1562" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-03-31T19:14:17.010" LastActivityDate="2013-03-31T19:14:17.010" Title="How to arrange declension tables in Russian" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2088" CreationDate="2013-03-27T10:18:02.503" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The one you say to be inspired from Latin grammar schools seems to be the one used in Russian schools. See this page: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.public.asu.edu/~deliving/russgram/declover.htm&quot;&gt;Russian Declension Overview&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Linguistic order, so to speak, is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Prepositional, Dative, Instrumental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian school order is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Instrumental, Prepositional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this last is used in universities but this order is not really to be followed strictly. For example, I'm not sure whether the last two are switched, but in my studies, I studied them in another order. The prepositional came before the Genitive and the Instrumental because it's simpler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the order of show could be this one, but the order of learning is not to be considered strict as you can choose to learn whatever you want first. Certainly choosing the simpler stuff first (or the most used) could be a good strategy in your studying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastActivityDate="2013-03-27T10:18:02.503" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2065" CreationDate="2013-03-27T13:41:34.933" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Хватит дуться&quot; or &quot;Чего ты дуешься?&quot;. It is slang.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1563" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2013-03-30T06:13:48.150" LastActivityDate="2013-03-30T06:13:48.150" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2087" CreationDate="2013-03-27T16:00:10.110" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Лгун» is softer. Almost harmless word. For example see &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this movie&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Лжец» is more offensive. It may be adulterer or swindler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1558" LastActivityDate="2013-03-27T16:00:10.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1517" CreationDate="2013-03-28T16:06:22.943" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the Russian point of view, the sounds you are asking about ( 'a' in &quot;cat&quot;, or 'e' in &quot;net&quot;? ) are just the same. Many Russians learning English do believe that &quot;bed&quot; and &quot;bad&quot; are homophones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1564" LastActivityDate="2013-03-28T16:06:22.943" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2093" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2094" CreationDate="2013-03-29T05:20:08.427" Score="5" ViewCount="404" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a particular significance to the use of это after a dash? For instance, I think &lt;em&gt;Москва — столица России&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Москва — это столица России&lt;/em&gt; mean the same thing. But I don't know the point of inserting это there. (In English it is wrong to stick &quot;this is&quot; in the middle of a sentence like that, saying &quot;Moscow this is the capital of Russia&quot;.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More generally, what is the distinction in meaning between А — Б, А — это Б?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-12-28T15:10:23.807" LastActivityDate="2015-01-05T23:22:22.807" Title="Use of ‘это’ after a dash" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2093" CreationDate="2013-03-29T06:17:12.820" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally a dash is used here just as so called &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copula_%28linguistics%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;copula&lt;/a&gt; is used in English. So your guess is right, dash here is a some kind of punctuational copula, therefore can be translated as &quot;is&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though &lt;code&gt;— это&lt;/code&gt; is indeed another form of such copula, there is a subtle difference between usage of these two forms. Roughly speaking, pure punctuational form is more universal, you can use it in a wider set of cases. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы — подлец!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this phrase will sound definitely unnatural to native speaker:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы — это подлец.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, with personal pronouns usage of &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt; is untypical. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for me, it is very difficult to describe exact rules for choosing one these forms, but here is a rule of thumb that can give you a hint. If you can imagine the phrase used in some kind of dictionary as an article, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Париж — столица Франции.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Слон — млекопитающее. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Солнце — звезда.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;then you can use &lt;code&gt;— это&lt;/code&gt; form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, when you want to emphasise the second part of phrase, you can use &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt;. So, when you can imagine this very phrase used with some adjective, it looks like you cane use &lt;code&gt;- это&lt;/code&gt; form:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пётр — [это] [ужасный] негодяй. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-12-28T15:15:14.683" LastActivityDate="2014-12-28T15:15:14.683" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2093" CreationDate="2013-03-29T07:10:45.940" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;More generally, what is the distinction in meaning between А — Б, А — это Б?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@shabunc showed in his answer that not every &lt;code&gt;A — B&lt;/code&gt; sentence can be used with &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt; is actually used there's, AFAIK, no practical difference in written form. But there is a difference in spoken language where &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt; is a way to &quot;pronounce&quot; dash. Note, that actual verb in this sentences is omitted (in English, you would expect &lt;code&gt;is/are&lt;/code&gt; somewhere) and without &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt; meaning may become unclear. For example, these sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Музыка — радость!&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Кирпичный завод — рабочие места, жилье и инвестиции&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;when used without context/great dramatic skills may sound unclear. Here &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt; helps to clarify the meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Музыка — это радость!&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Кирпичный завод — это рабочие места, жилье и инвестиции&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can safely use well-known phrases and obvious statements without &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt;, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Время — деньги.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Знание — сила!&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Волк — хищник!&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Москва — столица России&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Side note:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wiktionary entry on это&lt;/a&gt; mentions five different meanings. In this particular case &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt; is a particle and not really equivalent to &lt;code&gt;this [is]&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="81" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-12-28T15:14:21.613" LastActivityDate="2014-12-28T15:14:21.613" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2097" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2099" CreationDate="2013-03-30T15:14:06.380" Score="2" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am writing a database for room rent. How should I call it - аренда помещений or бронирование помещений? What is the main difference between those two words? I have always thought that it means the same. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="1329" LastEditDate="2013-03-30T17:53:40.270" LastActivityDate="2013-03-31T12:40:02.217" Title="Difference between аренда and бронирование" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2097" CreationDate="2013-03-30T17:15:54.283" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You need word «Аренда».&#xA;«Бронирование» is reservation or booking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1558" LastActivityDate="2013-03-30T17:15:54.283" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2097" CreationDate="2013-03-30T18:02:47.540" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are completely different things. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By бронирование you declare that you intend to pay for some service or product. Since the moment of the бронирование, the seller has no right to offer this product to another party unless you cancel the бронирование. Бронирование can be free of charge or for money, but the sum may be less than the total price of the product or service.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So speaking about a room you can забронировать it before moving to it so that it will not be offered to other clients. Yet if you change your mind you can cancel the бронирование before starting using the room and get money back. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-03-31T12:40:02.217" LastActivityDate="2013-03-31T12:40:02.217" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2087" CreationDate="2013-03-31T08:18:08.830" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although most dictionaries I checked regard these two as full synonyms, there is a difference in word usage. &lt;em&gt;Толковый словарь Ушакова&lt;/em&gt; says, &quot;ЛЖЕЦ. Человек, &lt;strong&gt;заведомо&lt;/strong&gt; говорящий ложь; то же, что лгун. Он лжец и клеветник.&quot; and &lt;em&gt;Толковый словарь Ефремовой&lt;/em&gt; says, &quot;ЛГУН. Тот, кто постоянно лжёт или &lt;strong&gt;привык&lt;/strong&gt; лгать.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;code&gt;лжец&lt;/code&gt; is a liar who lies with a malicious intent, pursuing his benefit at the expense of others. His lies are harmful. Calling someone &lt;code&gt;лжец&lt;/code&gt; is right at par with calling them a traitor or a coward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Лгун&lt;/code&gt; is a liar who lies out of habit, not specific intent to harm someone or gain benefit. While &lt;code&gt;лжец&lt;/code&gt; accuses someone of specific facts and actions, &lt;code&gt;лгун&lt;/code&gt; refers to a character trait. It even has a diminutive form &lt;code&gt;лгунишка&lt;/code&gt;, most commonly describing children who lie. But it still bears negative connotation, unlike &lt;code&gt;выдумщик&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;фантазёр&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a LOT of other synonyms, if you want to go deeper: &lt;code&gt;врун, враль, брехун, обманщик...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2013-03-31T08:18:08.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2087" CreationDate="2013-04-01T22:31:40.447" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;лжец&lt;/code&gt; is used more often according to personal feeling and google search results :)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You can't pick one as original, because they are synonims with different roots, each form used in different cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;корень слова &lt;code&gt;лгун&lt;/code&gt;: -лг-; суффикс: -ун-;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;корень слова &lt;code&gt;лжец&lt;/code&gt;: -лж-; суффикс: -ец-.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in my humble vision:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;лгать - to lie&lt;br&gt;&#xA;лгал(а) - he(she) lied&lt;br&gt;&#xA;лжец, лгун - liar&lt;br&gt;&#xA;лгунья - (female) liar&lt;br&gt;&#xA;лже-(что-то) - false (something)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;лживо - falsely&lt;br&gt;&#xA;ложный - false&lt;br&gt;&#xA;ложь - a lie&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;see verb &lt;code&gt;ЛГАТЬ&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;em&gt;Толковый словарь Даля&lt;/em&gt; for reference of usage in old russian (some forms are obsolete):&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://vidahl.agava.ru/P091.HTM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://vidahl.agava.ru/P091.HTM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;nearly all russian dictionaries for &lt;code&gt;лжец&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/searchall.php?SWord=%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%86&amp;amp;stype=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://dic.academic.ru/searchall.php?SWord=%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%86&amp;amp;stype=0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1572" LastEditorUserId="1572" LastEditDate="2013-04-02T22:17:40.973" LastActivityDate="2013-04-02T22:17:40.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="617" CreationDate="2013-04-03T02:17:27.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Часто можно окликнуть человека просто словом &quot;извините&quot;. Если требуется уточнение, если человек не слышит, или место слишком людное, можно сказать &quot;молодой человек&quot; или &quot;девушка&quot;. Но только если они действительно молоды :) Для более старших подойдут &quot;женщина&quot; и &quot;мужчина&quot;, в том числе и для людей преклонного возраста. Это никоим образом не будет звучать вульгарно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1574" LastActivityDate="2013-04-03T02:17:27.550" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2104" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2105" CreationDate="2013-04-03T04:59:37.133" Score="14" ViewCount="1421" Body="&lt;p&gt;These days I'm reading a book &quot;История моего современника&quot; by V. G. Korolenko (don't feel guilty for reading it &lt;a href=&quot;http://az.lib.ru/k/korolenko_w_g/text_1921_istoriya1.shtml&quot;&gt;online&lt;/a&gt;, you are not breaching any copyright laws in this case, since the author is actually a XIX-early XX centuries revolutionist, there's no copyright infringement).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a chapter on living in exile, in rural Russia (not in Siberia though :)&#xA;Korolenko describes the speech of local residents, which is full of dialecticisms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some quotes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Чё-ко-ся это?.. Что за мужичок у нас? - спросил незнакомец, отведя&#xA;  лучину от моего лица.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Негодь ты, негодь... Гли-ко-ся, Володимер:&#xA;  три дня шатался по лесу, а не принес ничего... Большой вырос, ума не&#xA;  вынес. Не стану и оружья давать дураку... &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Ин полно-те вам,&#xA;  мужички,- примирительно сказала жена Гаври - Лукерья... -&#xA;  Собирай-ко-сь на стол, Марьюшка...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After some thought I've realised that this strange (and unintelligible to modern Russian speaker) form &lt;code&gt;ко-ся&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;ко-сь&lt;/code&gt; actually remains in at least one phrase which is known by any native speaker, i.e. &lt;code&gt;накося выкуси&lt;/code&gt;.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, what is exactly is &lt;code&gt;ко-ся&lt;/code&gt; from linguistics point of view (for example, what part of speech it is), when and to what extent is had been used in Russian and, of course, what does it mean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-04-03T07:34:02.633" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T13:29:09.227" Title="What does &quot;кося&quot; in phrase &quot;накося выкуси&quot; exactly mean" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2104" CreationDate="2013-04-03T08:22:51.607" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Толковый словарь Даля&lt;/em&gt; can help you a bit:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;look for &lt;code&gt;ко&lt;/code&gt; in the meaning of &lt;code&gt;ка&lt;/code&gt; -&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc2p/255986&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc2p/255986&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;and &lt;code&gt;ся&lt;/code&gt; - &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc2p/362314&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc2p/362314&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;there are also definitions for &lt;code&gt;ГЛИКО&lt;/code&gt; can be found in &lt;em&gt;Толковый словарь Даля&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;and for &lt;code&gt;накося&lt;/code&gt; in several other dictionaries on dic.academic&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dal's dictionary dated by 1863-1866, but we still use &lt;code&gt;ка&lt;/code&gt; today(instead of &lt;code&gt;ко&lt;/code&gt;), &lt;code&gt;ся&lt;/code&gt; is also used sometimes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1572" LastEditorUserId="1572" LastEditDate="2013-04-03T08:35:05.607" LastActivityDate="2013-04-03T08:35:05.607" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2104" CreationDate="2013-04-03T12:01:06.140" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ка&lt;/em&gt; is an imperative particle akin to the dative preposition &lt;em&gt;к&lt;/em&gt;, cf &lt;em&gt;дай-ка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ну-ка&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ся&lt;/em&gt; is a relaxed form of &lt;em&gt;себе&lt;/em&gt;, as in &lt;em&gt;иди себе, смотри себе&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The whole idiom is most probably a result of an alliteration, influenced by the second word &lt;em&gt;выкуси&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-04-03T12:01:06.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2108" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2110" CreationDate="2013-04-03T14:35:18.000" Score="12" ViewCount="305" Body="&lt;p&gt;What way is correct here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... водитель не справился с управлением транспортным средством&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... водитель не справился с управлением транспортного средства&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="1177" LastEditDate="2013-04-04T06:35:33.543" LastActivityDate="2013-04-06T00:49:52.590" Title="Не справился с управлением транспортным средством/транспортного средства?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2108" CreationDate="2013-04-03T15:28:41.133" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;While you may encounter both versions in conversations, the correct way is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... водитель не справился с управлением транспортным средством&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, you use the instrumental case: &lt;em&gt;управление [чем] транспортным средством&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example, here's a link to a section of the administrative laws, which deals with &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.prav-net.ru/statya-127-upravlenie-transportnym-sredstvom-voditelem-ne-imeyushhim-prava-upravleniya-transportnym-sredstvom/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;driving without a license&lt;/a&gt;.  In that section, the wording is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Статья 12.7 - &lt;strong&gt;Управление транспортным средством&lt;/strong&gt; водителем, не имеющим права &lt;strong&gt;управления транспортным средством&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(highlights are mine - to emphasise the use of the instrumental case).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2013-04-03T15:28:41.133" CommentCount="22" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2108" CreationDate="2013-04-06T00:32:03.497" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This depends on what do you mean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Управление&lt;/em&gt; may mean either&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Interface for controlling a device.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Process of controlling a device.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you are playing a computer game you can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У этой игры сложное управление.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Управление этой игры рассчитано на дураков.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you cannot say &amp;quot;управление этой игрой рассчитано на дураков&amp;quot;. Why? Because even though the game has control interface, it is not the game which you control, but some objects inside the game (unless you are a jury). But when referring a starship in this game you can say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;У звездолета в этой игре сложное управление&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Управление звездолёта в этой игре рассчитано на дураков&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(when referring to the interface)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Управление зведолетом закончилось, когда я пристыковался к орбитальной станции&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Управление звездолётом затянулось надолго&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(when referring to the process)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since an automobile both has a control interface and can be controlled, the both can be used but with different meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он не разобрался с управлением этого автомобиля&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(he did not understand the interface)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase can refer to a class of automobiles:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он не разобрался с управлением этой модели автомобилей&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when referring to the process,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Управление автомобилем - не простое дело&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;you cannot use Genitive case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;=======&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он не разобрался с управлением этой модели автомобилей&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He did not understand the control interface of this model&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он не разобрался с управлением этой моделью автомобилей&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He being a marketing specialist (brand-manager) failed to position this model on the market&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он не справился с управлением автомобиля&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He failed to properly use the automobile control interface (which led to a catastrophe).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он не справился с управлением автомобилем&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He failed the task to control the automobile (which led to a failed exam in the automobile school for the subject &amp;quot;управление автомобилем&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-04-06T00:49:52.590" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2087" CreationDate="2013-04-06T00:59:45.547" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лгун&lt;/em&gt; is somebody who did tell lie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лжец&lt;/em&gt; is somebody who tells lies often, permanently or sometimes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-04-06T00:59:45.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2112" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2114" CreationDate="2013-04-06T06:18:32.940" Score="9" ViewCount="2529" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the spelling of the word, I would think it would be pronounced&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Seguhdnya  -  Сегодня&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, i've seen several lessons in Russian where it would be pronounced&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;SeVuhdnya  - (but spelled Сегодня)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a reason why it's pronounced like this?&#xA;Would a Russian speaker consider this incorrect pronunciation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1571" LastActivityDate="2020-10-09T19:51:43.410" Title="Pronunciation of 'Сегодня'" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2112" CreationDate="2013-04-06T06:39:29.410" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is NOT pronounced &amp;quot;seVuhdnya&amp;quot; - there are NO &amp;quot;u&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;y&amp;quot; sounds in this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pronunciation is [с'эводн'а] or [с'иводн'а] - these pronunciations are correct and allophonic. Pronunciation with [г] is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-10-09T19:51:43.410" LastActivityDate="2020-10-09T19:51:43.410" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2112" CreationDate="2013-04-06T09:30:21.407" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The adverb &lt;code&gt;cегодня&lt;/code&gt; is derived, like many other Russian adverbs, from a noun phrase, &lt;code&gt;cего дня&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;[on] this day&quot;). Both words in this noun phrase are in the Genetive case, the first one having a typical pronominal declension endinhg &lt;code&gt;-его&lt;/code&gt;, in which &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt; is written, but &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; is pronounced:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;сего&lt;/code&gt; - pronounced as &lt;code&gt;[си'во]&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;его&lt;/code&gt; - pronounced as &lt;code&gt;[йи'во]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;синего&lt;/code&gt; - pronounced as &lt;code&gt;['синива]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(the same rule applies to the variant of this ending, &lt;code&gt;-ого&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;большого&lt;/code&gt; - pronounced as &lt;code&gt;[баль'шовa]&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pronunciation of the letter &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;[и]&lt;/code&gt; in these words is due to the rule of the reduction of unstressed vowels. According to this rule, &lt;em&gt;the letter &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; in the syllable that precedes the stressed syllable is pronounced as&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;[и]&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the IPA for &lt;code&gt;cегодня&lt;/code&gt; is [sʲɪˈvodʲnʲə], practical Russian transcription is [сиˈводьня].&#xA;Also, you can listen to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Ru-%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F.ogg&quot;&gt;recording&lt;/a&gt; of this word pronounced by a native speaker of Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pronunciation with [г]/[g] is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-04-06T09:51:10.637" LastActivityDate="2013-04-06T09:51:10.637" CommentCount="21" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2115" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2119" CreationDate="2013-04-06T14:38:44.917" Score="4" ViewCount="378" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, everybody knows that there exist pairings between names. For example, &lt;strong&gt;Александра - Александр&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Виктория - Виктор&lt;/strong&gt; etc. However, sometimes these pairs can be confusing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is generally accepted that official female name equivalent of &lt;strong&gt;Иван&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;Жанна&lt;/strong&gt; ( or &lt;strong&gt;Иоанна,Ивана&lt;/strong&gt;). But what about the name &lt;strong&gt;Яна&lt;/strong&gt;? Is this a variant of &lt;strong&gt;Жанна&lt;/strong&gt;? In some countries it is a pair for &lt;strong&gt;Jan (Ян)&lt;/strong&gt;, which is another variant of &lt;strong&gt;Jean (Жан)&lt;/strong&gt;. So can &lt;strong&gt;Яна&lt;/strong&gt; also be a pair for &lt;strong&gt;Иван&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:08:36.463" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T12:08:36.463" Title="Is Яна a variant of Жанна" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;ономастика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2116" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2118" CreationDate="2013-04-06T15:23:38.020" Score="6" ViewCount="1951" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following sentence: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мужчина идёт к дому Павла. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is translated as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The man goes to Paul's house.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could the same sentence be written as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мужчина идёт в дом Павла.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't really understand the  difference of use between К and В. The resources has have state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When followed by the accusative case, в means 'to' or 'into', as in 'I&#xA;  walked into the house' (Я шёл в дом), and на means 'onto' or 'toward',&#xA;  as in 'I walked onto the street' (Я шёл на улицу).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;К is relatively simpler, referring to or gesturing at the direction&#xA;  something is located.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Russian/Grammar/Dative_case&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Russian/Grammar/Dative_case&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Russian/Grammar/Accusative_case&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Russian/Grammar/Accusative_case&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="993" LastActivityDate="2013-04-06T16:09:21.367" Title="The use of К (Dative) vs. В (Accusative)...?" Tags="&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2117" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2120" CreationDate="2013-04-06T15:35:47.380" Score="1" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;On twitter they say &quot;ЧИТАЕМЫХ&quot; and &quot;ЧИТАТЕЛЯ&quot; Is this pattern productive starting with the root of the verb (ЧИТА) and applicable to other verbs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="967" LastActivityDate="2013-11-02T18:38:28.657" Title="What is the rule for creating &quot;readers&quot; / &quot;readees&quot; pairs?" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2116" CreationDate="2013-04-06T16:09:21.367" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the examples above, you have two different types of movement in each of the sentences.&#xA;Indeed, both of them can be translated into English as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The man goes to Paul's house.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this sentence has a disambiguation :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It can mean that the man is heading &lt;strong&gt;towards&lt;/strong&gt; Paul's house, not necessarily intending to visit Paul or enter the house:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мужчина идёт (по направлению) к дому Павла.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;or it can mean that the man is going to visit Paul, or to hide in the house from hail, or maybe he is Paul's neighbor. Anyway, what matters is that the man wants to enter the house, to go &lt;strong&gt;into&lt;/strong&gt; it:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мужчина идёт в дом Павла.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to put it simple, when we talk about movement, the preposition &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; followed by Accusative means &lt;strong&gt;into&lt;/strong&gt;, whereas the preposition &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt; followed by Dative means &lt;strong&gt;towards&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See these examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to go towards one's goal: идти к своей цели&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to go to the park : идти в парк&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But note that, if we mean a meeting with a particular person, the preposition &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt; is used :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The man goes to Paul - Мужчина идёт &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt; Павлу (в гости).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The man takes his daughter to the doctor - Мужчина ведёт дочку на приём &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt; врачу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The general rules of usage of those two prepositions of movement (because I just explained the usage in your particular example) are described &lt;a href=&quot;http://learnrussian.rt.com/grammar-tables/directions-and-places/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here even with pictures&lt;/a&gt;. A really nice cite for learning Russian. Note that some nouns require the preposition &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;, some - &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-04-06T16:09:21.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2115" CreationDate="2013-04-06T17:13:44.700" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Жанна&lt;/strong&gt; (Jeanne) is a transliteration of the Western (French) name, similar to &lt;strong&gt;Джон&lt;/strong&gt; (Jon/John) or &lt;strong&gt;Жан&lt;/strong&gt; (Jean). &lt;strong&gt;Яна&lt;/strong&gt; feels very Slavic but although it does seem to be derived from &lt;strong&gt;Иванна&lt;/strong&gt; (Joanna), it's IMO unlikely to be considered to be a pair of &lt;strong&gt;Иван&lt;/strong&gt; by a native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's how I see the pairs for these names:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жан - Жанна&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Ян - Яна (Янина)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Иван (Иоанн) - Иванна (Иоанна)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also &lt;a href=&quot;http://kurufin.ru/html/Translate/ivan.html&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1547" LastActivityDate="2013-04-06T17:13:44.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2117" CreationDate="2013-04-06T20:15:47.117" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In some cases this pattern is productive, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;интервьюер&quot; - &quot;интервьюируемый&quot; (interviewer - interviewee)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;экзаменатор&quot; - &quot;экзаменуемый&quot; (examinator - examinee)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;испытатель - испытуемый&quot; (tester - testee)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, indeed, both words are nouns, the last one formed by changing the part of speech from passive participle to noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this rule cannot be used in some situations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;when the meaning is not &quot;the person who is being exposed to an action&quot; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;we can't say &quot;спасатель - спасаемый&quot; (this one is unnatural),&#xA;  &quot;работодатель - работоданный&quot; (this is simply incorrect)...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;when we are not talking about a person:&#xA;   this happens in your example. A book can be read (for example : читаемая мной книга) and it will be a passive participle, but there is no word for a person that is made to read by his angry mother =)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a short survey suggested by Anixx, I have found out that, indeed, the passive participle &quot;спасаемый&quot; can be used as a noun (mostly in The Bible). However, I have a feeling that the semantics is slightly different : those nouns derived from passive participle can sometimes mean &quot;somebody who can be (...&lt;em&gt;insert the indefinite aspect of passive participle here&lt;/em&gt;)&quot;. So I have a feeling that &quot;спасаемый&quot; could mean &quot;the one who still can be saved&quot;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any ideas?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FINAL EDIT.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The noun &quot;спасаемый&quot; really exists, as shown in Quassnoi's comment.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="1329" LastEditDate="2013-11-02T18:38:28.657" LastActivityDate="2013-11-02T18:38:28.657" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2115" CreationDate="2013-04-07T03:51:38.653" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Жанна is a French name borrowed into Russian, Яна is a Polish name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although they derive from the same source, they are distinct names in modern Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-04-07T03:51:38.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2122" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2125" CreationDate="2013-04-08T07:27:43.817" Score="0" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;Кто-нибудь знает происхождение слова &quot;ружьё&quot;? Не смог найти ни одного однокоренного слова, кроме его производных.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1587" LastEditorUserId="1557" LastEditDate="2013-04-08T15:44:38.253" LastActivityDate="2013-04-08T15:44:38.253" Title="этимология слова &quot;ружьё&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2123" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2124" CreationDate="2013-04-08T14:24:48.957" Score="2" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often hear in Russian an expression that I suppose can be translated as &quot;I swear it&quot;, or &quot;I give you my word&quot;. I hear something as &quot;часно слово&quot;, &quot;час на слово&quot; ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is its right spelling and what does it exactly mean?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Remark:&lt;/strong&gt; I cannot find it in lingvo, wikipedia, gramota nor by translation, even trying with combinations of possible spelling mistakes (exchanging ч by ш, the о's by a's, итд.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Edit:&lt;/em&gt; of course, my ear can just be unmature to hear Russian and detect &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; possible spellings .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastActivityDate="2013-04-08T15:23:00.230" Title="What's the right spelling of (something I hear, but cannot find, as) &quot;часно слово&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2123" CreationDate="2013-04-08T14:30:40.877" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is actually &lt;code&gt;[моё] честное слово&lt;/code&gt;, which can be translated as &lt;code&gt;an honest word [of mine]&lt;/code&gt;. Phrase &lt;code&gt;давать честное слово&lt;/code&gt; is interchangeable with &lt;code&gt;обещать&lt;/code&gt; (to promise). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a word &lt;code&gt;клясться&lt;/code&gt;, but this is more close to &lt;code&gt;to vow&lt;/code&gt;: it is somewhat stronger than making a promise. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="1557" LastEditDate="2013-04-08T15:23:00.230" LastActivityDate="2013-04-08T15:23:00.230" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2122" CreationDate="2013-04-08T15:30:17.707" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a link to Vasmer, see both &lt;code&gt;орудие&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;оружие&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://vasmer.narod.ru/p470.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://vasmer.narod.ru/p470.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2013-04-08T15:30:17.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2126" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-04-08T21:01:24.657" Score="5" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English we say &lt;em&gt;the sign says&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;the letter says&lt;/em&gt;, etc.  In Russian do you use &lt;em&gt;говорить&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;говориться&lt;/em&gt;?&#xA;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The sign says no smoking. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it be: &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;знак говорит не курить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or how would you interpret this phrase: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On the door was a note saying they were gone. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1589" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2013-04-13T19:27:16.523" LastActivityDate="2013-04-13T19:27:16.523" Title="How do you say, &quot;the note says&quot;" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2126" CreationDate="2013-04-08T21:15:56.167" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The literal translation will sound unnatural in most cases, the most closest colloquial form is that one which is used with the verb &quot;написано&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На двери было написано, что все ушли. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Написано же, не шуметь!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But with imperative verbs &quot;сказать&quot; is also appropriate and understandable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сказано не курить.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More formal, phrase &lt;code&gt;On the door was a note saying they were gone&lt;/code&gt; can be translated as &lt;code&gt;на двери висело объявление/записка о том, что все ушли&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;code&gt;говорится&lt;/code&gt;, it can be used to translate a slightly different English construction, &quot;it is said that&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В книге говорится, что не не стоит злоупотреблять алкоголем. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-04-09T03:22:15.307" LastActivityDate="2013-04-09T03:22:15.307" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2126" CreationDate="2013-04-08T21:16:04.203" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;This somewhat depends on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;the sign says&quot; - знак гласит, на знаке написано&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;the letter says&quot; - в письме написано&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;On the door was a note saying they were gone.&quot; - На двери была записка о том, что они ушли. В записке на двери было сказано что они ушли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2013-04-08T21:16:04.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2126" CreationDate="2013-04-08T21:18:29.120" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually such phrases can be translated using a past tense without an explicit object:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;на знаке написано; or&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  в записке говорилось;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence phrase &lt;em&gt;On the door was a note saying they were gone&lt;/em&gt; could be translated as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В записке на двери говорилось, что они ушли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Note that depending on the context, &lt;em&gt;they were gone&lt;/em&gt; could be translated into something other than &lt;em&gt;они ушли&lt;/em&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2013-04-08T21:18:29.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2126" CreationDate="2013-04-09T03:25:33.457" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you can use similar wording&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Инструкция говорит о том, что нужно закрывать дверь.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В инструкции не сказано, как быть в такой ситуации.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В инструкции говорится о мерах предосторожности.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В инструкции написано о другом.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-04-09T03:25:33.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2132" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1734" CreationDate="2013-04-09T08:17:57.697" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Да is also a union, meaninng &quot;yes&quot; or &quot;but&quot;. In this case the phrase translates as &quot;But no&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastActivityDate="2013-04-09T08:17:57.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2133" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-04-09T17:07:56.410" Score="2" ViewCount="200" Body="&lt;p&gt;This form seems to be very common in modern conversational Russian, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пойдём-ка, покурим-ка.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Давайте-ка не будем пороть горячку.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Подожди(те)-ка!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This form also has its more colloquial (and dialectal) counterpart with -ко:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Слышь-ко, чё скажу...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, the -ка imperative (particle) is attested as early as in &lt;em&gt;Lermontov's&lt;/em&gt; Borodino:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Скажи-ка, дядя, ведь недаром...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what is the eldest attribution of this form together with its geographical area of usage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2013-05-11T01:43:40.603" Title="Colloquial imperative with the particle -ка" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2133" CreationDate="2013-04-09T17:41:48.710" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This particle is found in most Slavic languages, so it dates back to the Proto-Slavic times. It is attested in writing as early as in the OCS Codex Suprasliensis (Супрасльская рукопись), the middle of the 9th century. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://etymolog.ruslang.ru/vasmer.php?id=147&amp;amp;vol=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Vasmer&lt;/a&gt; (Vol. 2, page 147).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-04-09T17:41:48.710" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2135" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2136" CreationDate="2013-04-12T15:26:07.843" Score="3" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it like this phrase can have two almost opposite meanings in Russian (one of which would be something like &quot;The way to that place for him has already been ordered/provided/arranged&quot;, and the other one &quot;That way is forbidden for him&quot;)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2013-04-12T15:40:38.660" LastActivityDate="2013-04-13T19:04:31.093" Title="Possible meanings of &quot;Путь ему туда заказан&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2135" CreationDate="2013-04-12T16:17:06.683" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Путь ему туда заказан&lt;/code&gt; can mean &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;The way there is forbidden for him.&lt;/code&gt; Although &lt;code&gt;заказан&lt;/code&gt; means both &lt;code&gt;ordered / booked&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;forbidden&lt;/code&gt;, this word in such a phrase is usually understood correctly, as &lt;code&gt;forbidden&lt;/code&gt;, because you can order tickets, a car, a plane, a yacht, but &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; the way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-04-12T16:22:59.770" LastActivityDate="2013-04-12T16:22:59.770" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2135" CreationDate="2013-04-12T17:28:49.917" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian заказан only means booked/ordered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase is just an idiom which uses заказан in an archaic sense &quot;forbidden&quot;. This meaning is so different from the familiar meaning of the word that it is often used in quotes, like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.superomsk.ru/news/detail.php?ID=44237&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-04-12T17:28:49.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2135" CreationDate="2013-04-13T19:04:31.093" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In some contexts - yes, one may say 'the way there is booked/ordered', although I can hardly imagine such a context. Politians usually, if ever, don't pay for their ways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2013-04-13T19:04:31.093" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2139" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2144" CreationDate="2013-04-14T16:04:43.327" Score="3" ViewCount="393" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which way is correct here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... пользователь услуг почтовой связи&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... пользователь услугами почтовой связи&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-04-15T08:02:01.423" LastActivityDate="2013-04-15T08:27:21.360" Title="Уважаемые пользователи услуг/услугАМИ почтовой связи?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2139" CreationDate="2013-04-14T17:32:44.710" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Only the first one is correct, the word &lt;code&gt;пользователь&lt;/code&gt; is used with noun in genitive case, so it governed by &quot;пользователь чего&quot;, though the verb itself is used with instrumental case (&lt;code&gt;кем&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;чем&lt;/code&gt;), I believe this is the root of your suspicions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same is true, by the way, for verbs like &lt;code&gt;повелевать&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;руководить&lt;/code&gt;: повелевать [чем?] царством, but повелитель [чего?] бурь, руководить [кем?] людьми, but руководитель [чего?] стройки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-04-14T17:39:09.287" LastActivityDate="2013-04-14T17:39:09.287" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2139" CreationDate="2013-04-14T19:32:52.050" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a general rule one can apply to choosing a correct case - inductive reasoning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;пользователь связи (user) is a doer - always use genitive case for &quot;doer of something&quot;&#xA;@shabunc correctly pointed out that &quot;пользователь услугами&quot; is grammatically incorrect, as well as &quot;торговец яблокАМИ&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;управлениe автомобилем (operating) is a noun (gerund) derived from a verb &quot;to operate&quot;, so all rules that apply to the verb &quot;to operate&quot; will apply to the derived noun &quot;operating&quot;. The verb &quot;operate&quot; hints you that you need some &quot;instrument&quot; to operate - in this case a car, therefore &quot;instrumental case&quot;.  The instrumental case indicates that a noun is the instrument with which the subject performs an action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1602" LastActivityDate="2013-04-14T19:32:52.050" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2112" CreationDate="2013-04-15T02:10:27.993" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think that Russian native speakers should be too hard on English speaking people trying to learn Russian :) If one is not a linguist giving IPA [sʲɪˈvodʲnʲə] would not help a bit. Here is an alternative pronunciation for English native speakers for &quot;сегодня&quot;: &quot;S'ehvohdn'a&quot;, where apostrophe indicates palatalization.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1602" LastActivityDate="2013-04-15T02:10:27.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2139" CreationDate="2013-04-15T07:41:05.263" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nouns ending in &lt;em&gt;-тель&lt;/em&gt; always require an object in Genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;гонитель свободы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ценитель искусства&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;родитель девочек&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;растлитель малолетних&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;водитель машины&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;первооткрыватель Антарктики&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;руководитель предприятия&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;носитель информации&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;любитель сладостей&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;строитель социализма&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;учитель географии&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;исследователь Арктики&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;издатель газеты&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;приятель мужа&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;деятель Сопротивления&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;правитель Азии&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;победитель дракона&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-04-15T08:27:21.360" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2139" CreationDate="2013-04-15T07:48:38.720" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the risk of having stones thrown at me, I'll say that both phrases are grammatically correct, however one of them may be used more often than the other.  Here are a few links to the by-laws of using Russian Postal Server - on the Russian Postal Service's website:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;http://www.russianpost.ru/rp/servise/ru/home/documents/postlaw/postlaw2&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Статья 16. Услуги почтовой связи&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ... &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Пользователь услуг почтовой связи&lt;/strong&gt; обязан оплатить оказанные ему услуги.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here's a link to another section in the same by-laws:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;http://www.russianpost.ru/rp/servise/ru/home/documents/postrules/postrules7&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Глава 7&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Ответственность операторов почтовой связи и &lt;strong&gt;пользователей услугами почтовой связи&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Emphases are mine in both quotes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Trailing this same document, it's evident that the second version (instrumental case) is used more often than the first one (genitive).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While Russian Postal Service is not the authority on Russian Language, I'd like to believe that such important documents as the by-laws and terms and conditions have been properly proof-read by somebody that knows a thing or two about the grammar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2013-04-15T07:48:38.720" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2145" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-04-15T08:31:49.187" Score="0" ViewCount="639" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that in Internet discussions only women use this interjection. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it gender-specific?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that the word &quot;секес&quot;/&quot;секас&quot; is also gender-specific.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are other gender-specific words in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-04-15T09:44:06.830" LastActivityDate="2013-12-04T07:51:33.650" Title="Is &quot;мде&quot;/&quot;мдя&quot; a gender-specific word?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;междометие&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1734" CreationDate="2013-04-15T12:11:02.810" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native English speaker, I always thought it meant &quot;of course, not&quot;. This makes sense in most contexts as mentioned above. As well as in my practical experience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1606" LastActivityDate="2013-04-15T12:11:02.810" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2145" CreationDate="2013-04-15T18:51:46.353" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are not gender-specific words. This is a distortion of normal words used by immature personalities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often these distortions are used to mask obscene or indecent words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that &quot;м-да&quot;, &quot;м-де&quot;, &quot;м-дя&quot; could be translated as &quot;eh&quot;, because they express disappointment. It may also be that women often use &quot;мдя&quot; because it sounds similar to the Japanese &quot;nya&quot;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Секес&quot;, &quot;Секас&quot; refers to sex and the correct spelling is &quot;секс&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your second question, in the Russian language there are no gender-specific words and expressions as far as I can remember.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1607" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2013-04-16T06:36:35.017" LastActivityDate="2013-04-16T06:36:35.017" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2148" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2149" CreationDate="2013-04-15T20:28:28.023" Score="5" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found the following two expressions in a bus schedule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Время отправления с НП&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Время прибытия на КП&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that the first means time of departure and the second time of arrival. But what do the additions &amp;quot;с НП&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;на КП&amp;quot; mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user790" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-04-15T20:35:03.757" Title="Abbreviations in Bus Schedules" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2148" CreationDate="2013-04-15T20:35:03.757" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand, this is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;НП - начальный пункт (starting point/stop)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  КП - конечный пункт (ending point/stop)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence the two lines are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Время отправления с НП&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Time of departure from the starting point&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Время прибытия на КП&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Time of arrival to the ending point&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2013-04-15T20:35:03.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2112" CreationDate="2013-04-15T21:10:04.990" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's pronouncing like this: &quot;Sevodnya&quot; or (in Cyrillic) &quot;Сиводня&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1608" LastActivityDate="2013-04-15T21:10:04.990" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2151" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2160" CreationDate="2013-04-15T22:26:58.960" Score="2" ViewCount="369" Body="&lt;p&gt;The expression &lt;em&gt;&quot;Вот где собака зарыта&quot;&lt;/em&gt; can be translated, as far as I know, as &lt;em&gt;(that is) where the shoe pinches&lt;/em&gt;. The literal translation, of course, doesn't match. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far, my literal (vague) translation amounts to &lt;em&gt;&quot;there is where the dog buries (something)&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, making reference to an issue that was hidden and suddenly emerges.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot find what kind of word is &lt;strong&gt;зарыта&lt;/strong&gt;, though. That is, it seems to be derived from the verb &lt;em&gt;bury&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;зарыть&quot; as lingvo, wiktionary and gramota point out.  But what kind of word is &lt;strong&gt;зарыта&lt;/strong&gt;? it doesn't seem to be a conjugation of &lt;em&gt;зарыть&lt;/em&gt;, and if so my apologies for not finding it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2013-04-15T22:33:30.310" LastActivityDate="2013-04-16T15:11:23.900" Title="Explanation of &quot;зарыта&quot; in &quot;Вот где собака зарыта&quot;" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2151" CreationDate="2013-04-15T23:14:25.443" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The literal translation is &quot;That's where the dog is buried,&quot; and the meaning is &quot;This is the core of the issue&quot; or &quot;That's where the answer is.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="626" LastActivityDate="2013-04-15T23:14:25.443" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2153" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2155" CreationDate="2013-04-16T00:29:38.020" Score="4" ViewCount="305" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across this phrase in a Russian reader I purchased and translated the phrase to mean, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I cannot do nothing with this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The translation given by the author is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I can't do anything about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I checked the uses of the preposition &quot;с&quot; with the instrumental case in a Russian Grammar book, which stated the following uses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) &lt;em&gt;with&lt;/em&gt; in the sense of together with, along with, accompanied by&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) to indicate an accompanying characteristic or attribute of someone&#xA;  or something &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) to indicate manner&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also used with a list of verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this phrase an idiomatic expression, or am I missing a case of use with the preposition с + instrumental? Thank you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="993" LastActivityDate="2014-06-12T03:53:25.463" Title="Translation of &quot;Я ничего не могу с этим сделать&quot;...?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2153" CreationDate="2013-04-16T02:41:39.790" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that it corresponds then to the last sentence given in the Russian Grammar book that you quoted (&quot;it is also used with a list of verbs&quot;). The preposition &lt;em&gt;c&lt;/em&gt; is used along with the verb &lt;em&gt;делать&lt;/em&gt;: &quot;to do something about/with ...&quot; is &quot;делать что с + (instr.)&quot;, which is indeed present in the phrase in question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastActivityDate="2013-04-16T02:41:39.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2153" CreationDate="2013-04-16T03:15:10.093" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another meaning of the Russian preposition &quot;с&quot; when used with the instrumental case is expressing associations, rather than spacial or temporal closeness. English &quot;with&quot; expresses a similar meaning in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I don't have anything to do &lt;strong&gt;with&lt;/strong&gt; this. (я тут ни при чём)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the meaning changes based on context: compare&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не знаю что делать с лопатой. (I don't know what to do with a shovel.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не знаю что делать с головной болью. (I don't know what to do &lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt; my headache.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. I am assuming that your question is not about the double negative in the reader's translation: that's commonplace in Russian - &quot;&lt;b&gt;ни&lt;/b&gt;чего &lt;b&gt;не&lt;/b&gt; могу сделать&quot; becomes &quot;cannot do anything&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-12T03:53:25.463" LastActivityDate="2014-06-12T03:53:25.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2151" CreationDate="2013-04-16T08:29:36.943" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @ruskie.info and @Eugene S have &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/2152/560&quot;&gt;written&lt;/a&gt;, &quot;зарыта&quot; means buried. It's an adjective derived from the verb &quot;to bury&quot; and it is declined regularly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Singular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я зарыт&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ты зарыт&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;он зарыт/&lt;strong&gt;она зарыта&lt;/strong&gt;/оно зарыто&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мы зарыты&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вы зарыты&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;они зарыты&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2013-04-16T08:29:36.943" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2157" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2163" CreationDate="2013-04-16T12:06:13.150" Score="8" ViewCount="364" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Czech language, the word &lt;strong&gt;&quot;вероятность&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; sounds like &lt;strong&gt;&quot;pravděpodobnost&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;   [правдеподобность], and means &lt;strong&gt;&quot;it is truthlike&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (подобно правде). This made me look to Russian word - &lt;strong&gt;вероятность&lt;/strong&gt;. Does it have something to do with &lt;strong&gt;&quot;вера&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;?&#xA;For example &lt;strong&gt;&quot;ятный вере&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; or something like this, where the first word is obviously an archaism...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastActivityDate="2013-04-18T13:46:27.630" Title="Вероятность and вера" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2157" CreationDate="2013-04-16T12:27:38.620" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wiktionary article on вероятность&lt;/a&gt; cites &lt;em&gt;Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Происходит от прилагательного вероятный, далее от др.-русск., ст.-слав. вѣрѫ ѩти, букв. «принять веру», «уверовать»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вероятный - такой, в который можно поверить;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вероятность - мера веры во что бы то ни было&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, at least Vasmer agrees with you on connection between &lt;code&gt;вероятность&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;вера&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="81" LastActivityDate="2013-04-16T12:27:38.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2159" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-04-16T14:56:25.747" Score="5" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;Considering words (nominals, verbs and adjectives) we can notice that lexical items derived from a same stem (e.g. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-лив-/-лит-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) like &lt;em&gt;полив, разлив, перелив, вылить, долить, отлить,&lt;/em&gt; etc. suggest certain actions pertinent to some liquid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, considering words with same prefixes, like &lt;em&gt;почёт, помощь, побег, поступь, познать, разнос, раздрай, размазать,&lt;/em&gt; etc. we notice that they imply certain scenarios: surficial distribution (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;po-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) or centripetal perfective/telic/progressive distribution (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;raz-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is, whether these event scenarios, or event structures, are defined by semantics of the words, or by the prefixes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-04-16T15:12:29.607" LastActivityDate="2013-07-26T19:50:06.697" Title="Do Russian prefixes embody event structures?" Tags="&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;лингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2151" CreationDate="2013-04-16T15:11:23.900" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;зарытa&lt;/code&gt; is the &lt;em&gt;passive voice&lt;/em&gt; of the verb &lt;code&gt;зарыть&lt;/code&gt;, present tense, feminine. So it literally means &quot;buried&quot;.  This is similar to &lt;code&gt;закрыта&lt;/code&gt; from &lt;code&gt;закрыть&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;залита&lt;/code&gt; from &lt;code&gt;залить&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The adjective would be &lt;code&gt;зарытая&lt;/code&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2013-04-16T15:11:23.900" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2157" CreationDate="2013-04-16T15:35:44.723" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вероятный&lt;/em&gt; (along with other compound words like &lt;em&gt;милосердный, самостоятельный, необходимый&lt;/em&gt; etc.) most probably is a German calque (cf. German &lt;em&gt;glaubhaft&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is definitely connected to &lt;em&gt;вера&lt;/em&gt;. Compare Ukrainian &lt;em&gt;не йняти вiри&lt;/em&gt; - &quot;not to trust&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-04-16T15:35:44.723" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2157" CreationDate="2013-04-18T08:30:36.750" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The both words derive from PIE &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;u̯ee̯ros&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; meaning &quot;true&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-04-18T08:30:36.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2163" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2157" CreationDate="2013-04-18T09:49:31.623" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;My two cents. It is obviously connected to &lt;code&gt;вера&lt;/code&gt; it's just that this connection is not that straightforward as it claimed to be in other answers provided: it is neither direct derivation or a straightforward calque. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is actually another cognate word, &lt;code&gt;вероятие&lt;/code&gt; (вѣроятie in old orphograhy) from which the word &lt;code&gt;вероятность&lt;/code&gt; had evolved. &lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/sl18/slov-abc/03/sl304707.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Вероятие&lt;/a&gt; can be translated as &lt;code&gt;likelihood&lt;/code&gt;, so it is synonymous to modern Russian достоверность, возможность (besides the fact that it had been used as in sense of &lt;code&gt;вера&lt;/code&gt; as well). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To my knowledge &lt;code&gt;вероятие&lt;/code&gt; is not very old word, most probably it came to usage in XVIII century. For example in book &quot;Приключения Фемистокла&quot; by Fyodor Emin (published in 1763) we can find following quote:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Многия так от докторов как и от безумных баб облехчение получают; что&#xA;  дѣлается чрез сильное воображение желаемаго, и вѣроятие тому, кто нас&#xA;  лѣчит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This word has not been some kind of bookish slang not quite used in colloquial speech. On the contrary it was quite colloquial and less pathetic than &lt;code&gt;вера&lt;/code&gt;. &#xA;Moreover, it even had been used in so-called &lt;code&gt;феня&lt;/code&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenya&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;jargon&lt;/a&gt; (some stick to term cant language), the slang of russian semi-crime vagabonds: &lt;code&gt;дать вероятие&lt;/code&gt; meant to check out, to test something/someone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;вероятность&lt;/code&gt; has been in use at least from late XVIII century and it's first usages had &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; been related to any strict scientific terminology. Is had been used by analogy with вероятие and gradually (and relatively slowly, word вероятие had been use in XIX century as well) replaced first form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the first usages can be find in Eulers Russian letters dated 90-s of XVIII century:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вѣроятность того мнѣния, что каждая неподвижная звѣзда есть такоеж&#xA;  Солнце как наше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just to avoid possible questions: Euler lived in Russia for years, had been a fluent speaker and had no problems with writing in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-04-18T13:46:27.630" LastActivityDate="2013-04-18T13:46:27.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1603" CreationDate="2013-04-18T19:35:27.067" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have indeed a double negation in russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не могу не разговаривать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't (what can't i?) (NEGATION) speaking, means &quot;I can't remain silent&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in case of any question words used with prefix &quot;ни&quot;, those enhance the negation effect (it is called &quot;усиление отрицания&quot;). The list includes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нигде, никогда, ниоткуда, никак, нисколько etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, f.e.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Я никогда не был доволен&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Я нигде не побывал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Я нисколько не расстроен&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pay attention to the other case, when question words are written separately with 'ни' and the sentence has overall a different meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Я не знаю ни где он был, ни когда, ни зачем он туда отправился.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you state: &quot;Я не знаю&quot; (I don't know) and then you enumerate, which information do you miss:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;где он был &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;когда [он там был]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;зачем он туда отправился&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All three &quot;ни&quot; are optional here and you can omit them. They mark out, that neither of those facts is known to you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you omit them, the sentence sounds very formal and emotionally detached:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не знаю где он был, когда, зачем он туда отправился.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keeping them is what a native speaker usually does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1613" LastEditorUserId="1613" LastEditDate="2013-04-24T14:44:15.973" LastActivityDate="2013-04-24T14:44:15.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2065" CreationDate="2013-04-18T19:48:41.497" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Young people mostly use a word &quot;дакфейс&quot; (read exactly like englich 'duck face' ), specially when facing a phenomenon of a young woman wearing this facial expression on a photo. A verb would be &quot;сделать дакфейс&quot; (perfect form), and here is another common example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;На новом фото Катя опять с дакфейсом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Katya makes a duck face on her photo again)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other examples in this thread feel a bit odd to me. They are correct indeed but suit older people or some official speech better (f.e. journal, book), however, the duck face phenomenon is clearly out of the list of topics discussed in journals or between politics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1613" LastActivityDate="2013-04-18T19:48:41.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2167" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2168" CreationDate="2013-04-19T23:29:47.830" Score="7" ViewCount="740" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider the following example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Instead of going to the ball.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know &quot;вместо&quot; means instead but I don't know how to translate &quot;of doing something&quot;. Maybe there is another way of saying the same thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-04-20T13:15:15.657" LastActivityDate="2013-04-20T20:57:33.137" Title="How to say: &quot;instead of&quot; + verb" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2167" CreationDate="2013-04-20T01:26:02.813" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Instead of&lt;/code&gt; + &lt;code&gt;doing something&lt;/code&gt; translate as &lt;code&gt;вместо того, чтобы&lt;/code&gt; + &lt;code&gt;что-то делать/сделать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Instead of going to the ball'. -&gt; &quot;Вместо того, чтобы идти/пойти на бал.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2013-04-20T01:26:02.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2167" CreationDate="2013-04-20T18:37:40.453" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer of @eugen is 100% valid, I just want to add yet another translation pattern which can be used in context of colloquial speech when there's some verb in imperative mood: чем [&quot;instead&quot; part], лучше б/б лучше...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Чем на бал ходить, ты б лучше подмела. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Чем на велосипеде кататься, ты б лучше уроки сделала.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in some cases &quot;instead of&quot; can be translated this way, but, once again, the set of use cases is quite narrower than speaking of pattern provided in @eugens' answer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-04-20T20:57:33.137" LastActivityDate="2013-04-20T20:57:33.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2167" CreationDate="2013-04-20T19:37:48.217" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes you can use verb-derived nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вместо похода на бал Золушка весь вечер занималась уборкой.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1618" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2013-04-20T20:48:32.230" LastActivityDate="2013-04-20T20:48:32.230" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2065" CreationDate="2013-04-20T20:14:43.273" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;the old form of duckface in russian is &quot;губошлёп&quot;. you can say &quot;зачем ты прикидываешься губошлёпом?&quot;. or if you talk this to women &quot;почему ты надуваешь губки?&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1619" LastActivityDate="2013-04-20T20:14:43.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1603" CreationDate="2013-04-22T16:49:05.953" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not fully agree with the previous replies. The phrase &lt;em&gt;Я ничего не понимаю&lt;/em&gt; is not a double negation. Double negation means that the final meaning of the phrase becomes positive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Example: &lt;em&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; смогла &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; думать об этом&lt;/em&gt; (I &lt;strong&gt;didn't&lt;/strong&gt; manage &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; to think about it) = Я &lt;strong&gt;подумала&lt;/strong&gt; (I &lt;strong&gt;thought&lt;/strong&gt; about it). This &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; double negation)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If &lt;em&gt;Я ничего не понимаю&lt;/em&gt; (I understand nothing) was a double negation, it would mean &lt;em&gt;Я понимаю&lt;/em&gt; (I understand), which is not the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here we have a normal negation, the trick is with the word &lt;strong&gt;ничего&lt;/strong&gt; (the negative pronounce). This word, and other pronouns starting with &quot;ни-&quot; (никто, никого, ничто, ничего) when used together with negations, add more emphasis to the negative sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1622" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-07-23T04:19:32.827" LastActivityDate="2017-07-23T04:19:32.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2173" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2174" CreationDate="2013-04-22T16:51:45.807" Score="8" ViewCount="785" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes I feel the need to fill a gap, while conversing, with something that in English would be filled with &quot;you know&quot; in the sense described by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefreedictionary.com/you+know&quot;&gt;thefreedictionary.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Used parenthetically in conversation, as to fill pauses or educe the listener's agreement or sympathy: &lt;em&gt;Please try to be, you know, a little quieter&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case people are used to say something analogue in Russian, which expression can be used? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2013-04-22T17:32:55.513" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T08:03:00.270" Title="Russian equivalent of expression &quot;you know&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;&lt;слова-паразиты&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2173" CreationDate="2013-04-22T17:03:43.020" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those expressions are called &quot;fillers&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian, as most languages, has many of them: &lt;em&gt;как бы, типа, знаешь, так сказать&lt;/em&gt; etc:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They usually don't need to be translated verbatim:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Постарайся вести себя, ну, знаешь, потише&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Постарайся вести себя как бы потише&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Постарайся вести себя, типа, потише&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Постарайся вести себя, так сказать, потише&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;are all valid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian linguistics, those are called &quot;parasitic words&quot; (&lt;em&gt;слова-паразиты&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-04-23T06:35:41.997" LastActivityDate="2013-04-23T06:35:41.997" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2173" CreationDate="2013-04-22T17:47:38.400" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;знаешь ли&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Знаешь ли, дорогой, веди себя потише.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-04-24T16:18:59.680" LastActivityDate="2013-04-24T16:18:59.680" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2173" CreationDate="2013-04-23T17:29:14.287" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are some more possibilities:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Слышишь, веди себя потише. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Видишь ли, надо себя вести потише.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Веди себя, понимаешь, потише.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2013-04-23T17:29:14.287" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2177" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2178" CreationDate="2013-04-24T02:46:44.110" Score="14" ViewCount="3789" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking помнить and вспомнить up in a dictionary yields the same results. Is there any difference between them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="197" LastActivityDate="2013-05-14T09:14:31.117" Title="What's the difference between помнить and вспомнить?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2177" CreationDate="2013-04-24T04:08:31.047" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Помнить&lt;/code&gt; is just &quot;to remember&quot; in sense to keep in mind, to retain (in the memory), so it is not bind any temporal context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Closest to &lt;code&gt;вспомнить&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;to recall&quot;, &quot;to recollect&quot;. So it is something about having something in mind again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мария помнит о работе. (Maria [always] remembers about the job).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мария вспомнила о работе. ([All of a sudden] Maria remembered about the job).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess you are confused because in English you can express both of this with remember, but, be warned, in Russian phrase such like &quot;он вдруг помнил&quot; is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it worth to mention that by adding prefix &lt;code&gt;вс-&lt;/code&gt; (or &lt;code&gt;вз-&lt;/code&gt; with voiced consonants) to some other verbs gives a &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%81-&quot;&gt;connotation of suddenness&lt;/a&gt; as well.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-04-24T08:22:19.977" LastActivityDate="2013-04-24T08:22:19.977" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2180" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-04-24T22:46:42.693" Score="10" ViewCount="428" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suspect that this question may be both too specific &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; too vague for this forum, but here goes...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recently tried to watch the film &quot;Жила-была одна баба&quot; (2011) -- I'm not sure I'd recommend it to anyone reading this, but I do think it has garnered some awards and is relatively well-known, perhaps because it provides such a graphic (some might say gruesome) depiction of Russian provincial life at the start of the 20th century. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of its artistic merits, though, the one thing that struck me about the film is that -- for me at least -- most of the dialogue is basically &lt;em&gt;incomprehensible&lt;/em&gt;. Needless to say, I am not a native speaker, but I studied, lived and worked in Russia for many years, and I've always thought that my grasp of the language was very good -- in any event, I have absolutely no trouble following Russian-language movies where the dialogue is more...contemporary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, my question is this -- for those among you who have seen the film, is the dialogue at all challenging to understand? Or is it just me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Part of what is interesting to me about this is that underscores how subtle language can be -- &quot;uneducated&quot; or &quot;sub-standard&quot; speech (in any language) is NOT &quot;simple&quot;...in fact, it is often just the opposite. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other thing that this reminds me of is that Russian seems to have more &quot;sub-standard&quot; variants than, say, American English -- not sure that urban or rural American English can offer anything like &quot;Феня&quot; for example. But again, that may just be me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1632" LastActivityDate="2021-02-27T04:59:40.513" Title="Comprehensibility of &quot;Sub-Standard&quot; Speech?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;лингвистика&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" CommunityOwnedDate="2021-02-26T11:49:21.160" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2180" CreationDate="2013-04-25T00:57:55.163" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The action of the film is set near the city of Tambov (Тамбов), the characters speak the dialect of that region, the Eastern variant of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Russian_dialects&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Southern Russian dialect&lt;/a&gt;, Tambov is in the east of the red area on the map there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for me, a native Russian speaker, it's quite easy to understand everything they say in the film, although I've never been exposed to that kind of dialect in any way. Still, it is a dialect, it has many words transformed, it has some morphological differences from the standard Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I can suggest for you to facilitate it somehow, is watching this film with subtitles. &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.deaf-club.ru/films_sub/drama/3911-zhila-byla-odna-baba-s-russkimi-subtitrami-film-smotret-onlayn-besplatno.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; it is, you can watch it online with Russian subtitles in that dialect, it's not the translation into the standard Russian (scroll the page down, the film is closer to the bottom of the page). I hope this will help you to see why it was difficult to make it out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-04-25T00:57:55.163" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2021-02-26T11:49:21.160" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2180" CreationDate="2013-04-25T12:33:48.673" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would not be confident in the accuracy of this film.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Russian Wikipedia, the critics called it &amp;quot;specimen of anti-Bolshevist propaganda&amp;quot;, produced for the elections and sponsored by the wealthiest Russian oligarchs. The ethnographic accuracy also was criticized. The actors were taught to speak &amp;quot;Tambov dialect&amp;quot; rather than being natural speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At times it is evident that the actors &amp;quot;overplay&amp;quot; it. In one scene a Jewish Bolshevist commissar speaks a very exaggerated stereotypical Jewish accent (that is a wrong pronunciation of &amp;quot;r&amp;quot;). This level of exaggeration is very unnatural and never can be seen in real life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2021-02-25T20:17:17.187" LastActivityDate="2021-02-25T20:17:17.187" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2021-02-26T11:49:21.160" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2183" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-04-25T17:38:02.887" Score="8" ViewCount="462" Body="&lt;p&gt;In other words how to translate this line:&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Ласточка с весною в сени к нам летит&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1633" LastActivityDate="2013-04-29T21:14:42.180" Title="How to translate the word &quot;cени&quot; to English" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2013-04-26T08:18:29.040" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2183" CreationDate="2013-04-25T21:33:23.177" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;porch... Something like &quot;It's spring. Swallow sits on our porch&quot;. Obviously, my translation lacks poetic beauty :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1604" LastActivityDate="2013-04-25T21:33:23.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2185" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2183" CreationDate="2013-04-25T23:20:10.133" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although one swallow does not a summer make, it might be enough for spring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cени is a kind of non-residential inner porch, typically used for storage of coats and shoes, though sometimes you might have guests sleep there in the summer. Often it separates two wings of a house, and opens on to an actual (outer) porch (крыльцо), if there is one. I think mudroom is probably the closest English equivalent. Vestibule or entryway are two other possibilities. The only problem with mudroom is that it is often a secondary entrance to the house, which is usually not the case with сени. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the photo below, you can see the heavy door leading into the main house as well as the doorway to outside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xGQcw.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;mudroom?&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1573" LastEditorUserId="1573" LastEditDate="2013-04-29T21:14:42.180" LastActivityDate="2013-04-29T21:14:42.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2188" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2190" CreationDate="2013-04-27T15:21:56.653" Score="6" ViewCount="516" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a journal article I came across a claim that &quot;сноск&quot; is the &quot;genitive plural zero ending&quot; form of the word &quot;сноска&quot; (English: footnote).  However, a Russian speaker I know is insistent that this is incorrect, and that the only correct genitive form is &quot;сносок&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Google search for &quot;сноск&quot; doesn't turn up any uses which can't be discounted as typos for &quot;сноска&quot; or other forms.  We also can't find the form &quot;сноск&quot; in any online dictionary which gives inflectional tables.  Can anyone here confirm whether the form &quot;сноск&quot; is actually attested anywhere in print?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1641" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-04-01T22:04:50.297" LastActivityDate="2018-04-01T22:04:50.297" Title="Is &quot;сноск&quot; a correct inflection of &quot;сноска&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;&lt;беглая-гласная&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2188" CreationDate="2013-04-27T17:50:31.713" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The thing is in Russian there are tens of different types of noun declensions, the most well known and widely accepted classification of such patterns is one that had been assembled by Andrey Zaliznyak, a famous Russian linguist. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to this classification, the word &quot;сноска&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%3a%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot;&gt;belongs to&lt;/a&gt; 3*a type of Russian nouns. That is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_stem&quot;&gt;the stem&lt;/a&gt; of the word (this should not be confused with &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_%28linguistics%29&quot;&gt;the root&lt;/a&gt; of the word, it is slightly a different concept) ends with &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;х&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the stem is always stressed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;there is so called &lt;code&gt;беглая гласная&lt;/code&gt; in the stem, which means that, depending on declension vowel is or not present. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To decipher, yes, according to Zaliznyaks` classification the only accepted form for word сноска is &quot;сносок&quot;. I cannot recall any moment on Russian language history when сноск had been an accepted form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2013-04-27T17:50:31.713" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2188" CreationDate="2013-04-27T18:38:27.307" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As with other nouns ending with the diminutive suffixes &lt;em&gt;-ок&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;-ка&lt;/em&gt;, the &lt;em&gt;-о-&lt;/em&gt; in the suffix is fleeting. It falls in the penultimate position and retains in the ultimate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;пал-∅-ка - палок&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;носок - нос-∅-ка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a trace of so called reduced vowel &lt;em&gt;ъ&lt;/em&gt; which historically was in the suffix:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;палъка / палъкъ &amp;gt; палка / палок&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;носъкъ / носъка &amp;gt; носок / носка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the correct form of &lt;em&gt;сноска&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;&amp;lt; cъносъка&lt;/em&gt;) in pl. gen. would be &lt;em&gt;сносок&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There exists another suffix &lt;em&gt;-ок&lt;/em&gt; in Russian (which is not diminutive and etymologically not connected to &lt;em&gt;-ък&lt;/em&gt;) in the words &lt;em&gt;ходок, игрок&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those words don't have a fleeting vowel in the suffix: &lt;em&gt;ходока, игрока&lt;/em&gt; (with exception of &lt;em&gt;стрелок / стрелка&lt;/em&gt; which is most probably due to contamination).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-04-28T13:52:33.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2192" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-04-28T13:11:36.997" Score="5" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to understend &quot;да нет наверно&quot; like an unswer ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Будешь чай ?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Да нет наверно....&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1645" LastActivityDate="2013-04-28T13:11:36.997" Title="How do you understend &quot;да нет наверно&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2013-04-28T13:37:00.030" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1734" CreationDate="2013-04-29T17:35:19.713" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess &quot;yes&quot; and &quot;no&quot; in Russian and English are quite similar. It depends, however, on what deepness of language one wants to master. If someone wants to ask &quot;Do you want coffee?&quot; and one answers &quot;да&quot; for yes or &quot;нет&quot; for no, there is no difference. However, in Russian &quot;да&quot; in some cases acts as a conjunction meaning &quot;and&quot;, e.g. &quot;Иван-да-Марья&quot; (literally &quot;Ivan and Mary&quot;) is a name of a plant. Nowadays, &quot;да&quot; is used as a conjunction only in a small number of cases, mainly in expressions like &quot;да нет&quot; (a weaker or less-sure &quot;no&quot;) or &quot;да нет, наверное&quot; (a even weaker form, where the person is not sure whether he agrees or disagrees, but slightly more disagrees) and in proverbs like &quot;мал да удал&quot; (small but clever).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer &quot;да&quot; to &quot;Ты его не знаешь?&quot; is not very clear for Russians too, but is grammatically and stylistically possible. Some people will ask '&quot;да&quot; what?' to know for sure what one means - &quot;yes, you know him&quot; or &quot;no, I don't know him&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1650" LastActivityDate="2013-04-29T17:35:19.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2194" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2196" CreationDate="2013-04-29T19:07:44.067" Score="17" ViewCount="2644" Body="&lt;p&gt;When learning Russian, the most complicated thing for me has always been the pronunciation of the Russian letter 'o'. You know, it's sometimes pronounced like 'a' (like in 'Moskva'), and sometimes pronounced like 'o' (like in 'dom'), depending on the position and the stress of the syllable (and maybe other factors). The pronunciation rules don't seem to be consistent, there are many exceptions, so you basically have to remember for every single word how it's pronounced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This may be a vague question, but I want to know how much of a problem it actually is when I make mistakes regarding this rule. Let's say I make my life easier and always pronounce 'o' like 'o', will a Russian still understand me? Will the words change their meaning? Will it sound funny?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And is there a very basic rule to get at least 9/10 of these words right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1651" LastActivityDate="2014-02-07T17:55:06.873" Title="Is it bad if I don't bother to pronounce 'o' correctly?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2194" CreationDate="2013-04-29T19:45:05.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's start from the and. As of rule of thumb which will help you to memorize cases whether you should pronounce &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; (strict phonology purists, don't judge me hard, you know what I mean), strictly speaking there's no such rule of thumb. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can say, wait, actually there is such rule, since &lt;code&gt;o&lt;/code&gt; is pronounces like &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt; only in unstressed positions, but this is quite delusive, since that actually means that you should memorize the stress patterns. And actually there are some pattern, but I would strongly advise you to memorize each word you need to learn separately. The thing is that such patterns are by no means rules and do not cover all the cases. There's a classic triple зо́лото/боло́то/молоко́.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, but if one had insisted I should present him such rule, I guess I'd say: don't bother with stressing prefixes (so, сопричастность, соучастие - all of these is pronounced with &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt;, mispronounced words like помОщь or памащь will be excused to a foreigner); always pronounce &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; in monosyllabic words (there's just no other place you can put the stress).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for errors in pronouncing. Well, saying &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; where it is actually is pronounced is a very rude mistake which can make your speech unintelligible. No one says  &lt;code&gt;ан&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;он&lt;/code&gt;. Pronouncing &lt;code&gt;o&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; also is quite a big deal. But pronouncing &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; without reduction well be 100% understandable ti any native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, as @Quassnoi had already mentioned, you will sound definitely outdated and theatrical but as to me, this is a common mistake each novice language learner is doing: trying to pronounce everything as native speaker does. Well, you won't. It takes years to get decent native-like pronunciation. But if your vocabulary is reach, you grammar is irreproachable, many of phonetics mistakes will be forgiven. Moreover, the number of such mistakes will surprisingly decrease with time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-04-30T11:03:18.123" LastActivityDate="2013-04-30T11:03:18.123" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2194" CreationDate="2013-04-29T19:46:22.997" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, Russians will understand you, but such a pronunciation will sound hypercorrect. It will seem like you're spelling the words instead of pronouncing them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some Russian dialects exhibit phenomenonon of &quot;okanye&quot; (&lt;em&gt;оканье&lt;/em&gt;) which makes unstressed &lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; to be pronounced differently. You may sound like a speaker of one of those dialects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian rendition of Church Slavonic also forbids vowel reduction, so a person speaking with such a pronunciation may resemble a priest reciting a Church Slavonic text to a Russian speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-04-29T19:46:22.997" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2194" CreationDate="2013-04-29T19:53:43.220" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not that bad. The words will not change their meanings and possibly in some cases you will be understood even better. If you are a novice language learner I suggest just to forget about vowel reduction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One example are the words &lt;strong&gt;кампания&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;campaign&quot; and &lt;strong&gt;компания&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;company&quot;. With vowel reduction they are indistinguishable, so to be understood correctly you may in some cases pronounce the fist vowel without reduction. Another example is &lt;strong&gt;маток&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;small mat&quot; vs. &lt;strong&gt;моток&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;skein&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-05-02T01:51:23.780" LastActivityDate="2013-05-02T01:51:23.780" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2115" CreationDate="2013-04-30T14:02:42.077" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Often in russian the names are changed &lt;code&gt;Александра - Александр&lt;/code&gt;, which is Alessandra and Alexandre can change, for &lt;code&gt;Александра&lt;/code&gt;, you might use &lt;code&gt;Саша&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Александр&lt;/code&gt; you can use &lt;code&gt;Саш&lt;/code&gt;. You cannot always literally translate the names from one langage to another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1652" LastActivityDate="2013-04-30T14:02:42.077" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1517" CreationDate="2013-04-30T14:08:01.490" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A bit late and guess you figured out, but э is like in French &lt;code&gt;et moi&lt;/code&gt;(and me), the &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; from that word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1652" LastActivityDate="2013-04-30T14:08:01.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2115" CreationDate="2013-05-01T18:32:37.407" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe &lt;strong&gt;Яна&lt;/strong&gt; is borrowed from some western language, most probably from Polish. In some decades foreign names were very popular among &quot;new parents&quot;. So there is no reason to search for the equivalent in Russian. The equivalent should be Polish &lt;strong&gt;Jan&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1654" LastActivityDate="2013-05-01T18:32:37.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2188" CreationDate="2013-05-01T18:41:40.380" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;сноск&lt;/strong&gt; sounds quite non-pronounceable and non-understandable for a native speaker (me). Forms of this words are (singular/plural):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;именительный &lt;strong&gt;сноска/сноски&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;родительный &lt;strong&gt;сноски/сносок&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;дательный &lt;strong&gt;сноске/сноскам&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;винительный &lt;strong&gt;сноску/сноски&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;творительный &lt;strong&gt;сноской/сносками&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;предложный &lt;strong&gt;о сноске/о сносках&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1654" LastEditorUserId="1654" LastEditDate="2013-05-01T19:27:34.433" LastActivityDate="2013-05-01T19:27:34.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="201" CreationDate="2013-05-01T19:25:28.097" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Word &lt;strong&gt;однако&lt;/strong&gt; is equal to &lt;strong&gt;но&lt;/strong&gt; (but). It gives some old-style coloration and can be used to stress this word in the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are many other words that can be used instead of &lt;strong&gt;но&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;дык&lt;/strong&gt; (not a formal word), &lt;strong&gt;да&lt;/strong&gt; and many more. In some cases &lt;strong&gt;но&lt;/strong&gt; can even be omitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Хотел поспать, но не получилось.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Хотел поспать, однако не получилось.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Хотел поспать, так не получилось.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Хотел поспать, дык не получилось.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Хотел поспать, да не получилось.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Хотел поспать, не получилось.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1654" LastEditorUserId="1654" LastEditDate="2013-05-01T20:22:22.223" LastActivityDate="2013-05-01T20:22:22.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2205" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2207" CreationDate="2013-05-03T03:21:54.243" Score="14" ViewCount="5735" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across different translations of &lt;em&gt;PhD&lt;/em&gt;. I'm always unsure how to use those. The title itself, as lingvo states, can be translated as &lt;em&gt;доктор философии&lt;/em&gt;. I've sometimes heard &lt;em&gt;доктор наук&lt;/em&gt; too, which I guess is the particular title granted to any &lt;em&gt;PhD&lt;/em&gt; studies concerning a scientific discipline. Another term that a (non-academic) Russian mentioned is &lt;em&gt;диссертаця&lt;/em&gt; (which, etimologycally suggests it's the &lt;em&gt;PhD&lt;/em&gt; thesis or the dissertation itself) as a translation for PhD. The last (as for me, confusing) term is &lt;em&gt;&quot;аспирантура&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, which again I've seen as a translation of &lt;em&gt;PhD&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Which are the actual differences between those translations? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How to say in Russian &quot;He studies a PhD&quot; &quot;She has a PhD&quot; &quot;I write a PhD thesis&quot;, and &quot;They are studying a PhD&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2013-05-03T04:10:50.183" LastActivityDate="2014-05-23T17:06:38.467" Title="Translation for &quot;PhD&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2205" CreationDate="2013-05-03T04:05:03.023" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The correct translation is &lt;strong&gt;кандидат наук&lt;/strong&gt;. &quot;Доктор наук&quot; is higher (= D.Sci), &quot;аспирант&quot; is a Ph.D student. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-05-03T04:05:03.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2205" CreationDate="2013-05-03T05:20:35.543" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd better begin with the easiest part - the required translations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;He studies a PhD. - Он учится в аспирантуре. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;He's a PhD student. - Он аспирант. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;She has a PhD. - Она кандидат наук. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;I write a PhD thesis. - Я пишу кандидатскую диссертацию. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;I write a PhD thesis. - Я пишу кандидатскую. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;They are studying a PhD. - Они учатся в аспирантуре.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;He has a DPhil. - Он доктор философских наук.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, &quot;доктор наук&quot; doesn't have an equivalent in English, but it is one level higher than PhD. In specific fields of studies, however, it has a translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;DPhil - доктор философии&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;MUDr  - доктор медицинских наук&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;D.Litt  - доктор словесных наук  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;D.Sc  - доктор естественных наук&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;LL.D  - доктор права&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Analogously with &quot;аспирантура&quot;, there exists a word &quot;докторантура&quot;, and the student studying for their Doctor of Science degree is called &quot;докторант&quot; (note how alike it is to &quot;аспирант&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, the word &quot;диссертация&quot; can refer either to PhD or Doctor of Science thesis. If it is not clear from the context, you can add adjectives:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он защитил докторскую диссертацию / кандидатскую диссертацию.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often those adjectives are used as substantives :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он защитил &lt;em&gt;(что?)&lt;/em&gt; докторскую / кандидатскую. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The process of thesis defense is called защита докторской / кандидатской.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uREyE.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(There is also a sort of sausage called &quot;докторская&quot;, feel free to delete this picture ˆ__ˆ ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, let's continue. The difference between those translations is that PhD can refer to :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;current studies at University  - then it means &quot;аспирантура&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;an academic degree - then it means &quot;кандидат наук&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a person who is capped with that degree is also &quot;кандидат наук&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a person that is currently in the middle of PhD studies - &quot;аспирант&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;a PhD thesis - &quot;кандидатская диссертация&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And last - some notes on usage of those words. Don't be surprised to hear &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Он получил кандидата наук&quot; or &quot;Он защитил кандидата наук&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't mean that he received a person by post or that he protected a poor PhD student from bullies. It only means that he was finally assigned PhD degree ˆ_ˆ .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All degrees are used with Genitiv, so we don't say &quot;степень кандидат наук&quot;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but &quot;степень &lt;em&gt;(кого? чего?)&lt;/em&gt; кандидата наук&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="1329" LastEditDate="2013-05-03T16:48:22.937" LastActivityDate="2013-05-03T16:48:22.937" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2205" CreationDate="2013-05-03T19:04:21.670" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian academic degrees are different from those in the rest of the world. Whereas most countries have only one Ph.D. degree, Russia has two degrees “кандидат наук” (&lt;em&gt;lit.&lt;/em&gt; candidate of science) and “доктор наук” (&lt;em&gt;lit.&lt;/em&gt; doctor of science). &lt;em&gt;There is no clear correspondence between Ph.D and these two degrees.&lt;/em&gt; Historically — when the “кандидат наук” and “доктор наук” degrees were introduced in Russia — “доктор наук” was meant to be equivalent to Western European Ph.D. and “кандидат наук” to be equivalent or similar to master's degree. However, nowadays many people would argue that “доктор наук” is a higher degree than Ph.D., and “кандидат наук” is more or less equivalent to Ph.D.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;That being said, PhD has always been translated to Russian as “доктор философии” (not “доктор наук”, not “доктор философских наук”).&lt;/strong&gt; The translation “кандидат наук” is incorrect. For example, if you read biographies of scientists in Russian Wikipedia, you will see sentences like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В своей &lt;em&gt;докторской&lt;/em&gt; Гаусс впервые доказал основную теорему алгебры.&#xA;(Not “В своей кандидатской Гаусс впервые доказал ...”)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В 1880 году Герц получил степень &lt;em&gt;доктора философии&lt;/em&gt; в Берлинском университете [...]&#xA;(Not “Герц получил степень кандидата наук.”)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Даниель Рутерфорд получил] образование в Эдинбургском университете, где и получил степень &lt;em&gt;доктора&lt;/em&gt; в 1772 году за работу под названием «De aëre mephitica» [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С 1992 по 1996 Тао учился в Принстонском университете под руководством Элиаса Стейна, получил степень &lt;em&gt;доктора&lt;/em&gt; в возрасте 20-ти лет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;После окончания СПбГУ [Смирнов] был приглашен Николаем Георгиевичем Макаровым [...] в аспирантуру в Калифорнийский технологический институт, где защитил &lt;em&gt;докторскую диссертацию&lt;/em&gt; [в 1996 году].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Ааронсон получил] степень бакалавра теоретической информатики в Корнелльском университете в 2000 году и &lt;em&gt;степень доктора философии&lt;/em&gt; в Калифорнийском университете Беркли в 2004 году под руководством Умеша Вазирани.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, sometimes both Russian degrees are translated to English as PhD; and sometimes “кандидат наук” is translated as PhD and “доктор наук” is translated as “doctor of science”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;диссертация = dissertation or thesis&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;аспирант = PhD student&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;аспирантура = PhD program&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He studies a PhD = Он в аспирантуре.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;She has a PhD = Она доктор философии.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I write a PhD thesis = Я работаю над диссертацией&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt; To clarify my answer, if the question was — What is the Russian degree equivalent to Ph.D? — I would answer “кандидат наук”. But the question is about the proper translation of Ph.D. to Russian. And the &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; correct answer to this question is “доктор философии”. This translation is unambiguous since there is no “доктор философии” degree in Russia. This translation is and has always been used. &lt;strong&gt;I have never seen a single reputable translation that translated Ph.D. as “кандидат наук”.&lt;/strong&gt; In general, when you translate foreign titles or degrees, you don't replace them with Russian equivalents. For example, you cannot say “Маргарет Тэтчер была &lt;em&gt;президентом&lt;/em&gt; Великобритании с 1979 по 1990 год” even though the role of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is more similar to that of the President of Russia than that of the Prime Minister of Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="222" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-05-10T15:56:58.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2209" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2210" CreationDate="2013-05-03T21:47:07.427" Score="2" ViewCount="319" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AE40I9_chaU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this rendition&lt;/a&gt; of the &lt;em&gt;Весеннее танго&lt;/em&gt;, I hear &quot;с юга&quot; (for example at 1:04) pronounced as ['st͡sjʉgə]. Am I hearing it right, and, if so, what's the [t͡s] doing there? Is it part of some more general thing? I hear it every time German sings the words so it doesn't seem to be accidental, and, as far as I know, she was a native Russian speaker. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm asking this because, if it's a real thing, it's very strange to me as a Polish speaker. What we'd do with the onset of the first syllable is voice the /s/, but then the Polish version of &quot;c&quot; is &quot;z&quot;, and it's voiced by default. I don't think Polish speakers insert extra affricates anywhere. (I could be wrong of course, but I'm sure enough to be almost shocked by the Russian thing --- again, if it's real.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1152" LastActivityDate="2013-05-05T16:56:08.670" Title="Is there a [t͡s] in &quot;с юга&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2209" CreationDate="2013-05-04T02:19:16.107" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Video is not available for users from Russia, you can download it &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.savefrom.net/#url=http://youtube.com/watch?v=AE40I9_chaU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I listened to a few times a phrase &quot;с юга&quot; (0:20, 1:04, 1:45), but &quot;с тьюга&quot; I heard only in the second chorus (1:04).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;May be it is a defect of record or slip of the tongue?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2013-05-05T08:24:42.140" LastActivityDate="2013-05-05T08:24:42.140" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2209" CreationDate="2013-05-05T16:56:08.670" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;s&lt;/em&gt; is alveolar (and voiceless) while &lt;em&gt;j&lt;/em&gt; (in &lt;em&gt;ю = йу&lt;/em&gt;) is palatal (and voiced).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In normal speech one first releases the tip of the tongue from the alveolar ridge then moves its back to the hard palate while adding voice. This makes two distinct sounds, &lt;code&gt;[s]&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;[j]&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, while singing it's somewhat hard to move the tongue this way. It's easier to &quot;roll&quot; the tongue over the palate. During the roll the middle of the tongue touches the place between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate and is instantly released (as &lt;em&gt;j&lt;/em&gt; is an approximant). This results in a palatalized alveolar plosive, i. e. Russian &lt;em&gt;ть&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;code&gt;[tʲ]&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may easily reproduce this if you roll the tongue over the palate while articulating the phrase, as if you were trying to use the tongue to help blocking the air between the two sounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-05-05T16:56:08.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2212" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-05T19:56:06.690" Score="5" ViewCount="468" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;исходные тексты доступны в GitHub&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;исходные тексты доступны на GitHub&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1665" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-05-06T17:21:13.380" LastActivityDate="2013-07-20T23:55:58.483" Title="Как правильно: «на GitHub» или «в GitHub»?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2212" CreationDate="2013-05-05T20:13:37.557" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Google:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%BD%D0%B0+github%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;на github&quot;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;mdash; 87,1k results;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%B2+github%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;в github&quot;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;mdash; 34,1k results.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%BD%D0%B0+github%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;доступны на github&quot;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;mdash; 64.500 results;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B2+github%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;доступны в github&quot;&lt;/a&gt; &amp;mdash; 71 results.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, «доступны на GitHub» is probably the correct way of saying this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1665" LastActivityDate="2013-05-05T20:13:37.557" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2212" CreationDate="2013-05-06T02:30:44.310" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Чтобы определить предлог, используемый с именем собственным, которое обозначает название фирмы или её продукта, необходимо подставить подходящее по смыслу нарицательное существительное. С именем собственным употребляется тот же предлог, что и с соответствующим ему именем нарицательным. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;GitHub - это сайт (точнее, веб-сервис, но в приведённом Вами примере уместнее первое). Со словом &quot;сайт&quot; употребляется предлог &quot;на&quot;. Следовательно, правильный вариант - &quot;Исходники доступны на GitHub&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Впрочем, я часто встречала варианты, где &quot;GitHub&quot; склоняется. Только тогда название пишется кириллицей : &quot;Исходники доступны на гитхабе&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="1329" LastEditDate="2013-05-06T05:24:26.220" LastActivityDate="2013-05-06T05:24:26.220" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2215" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-06T11:55:29.903" Score="19" ViewCount="1309" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, we use some fruit and vegetable names as mass nouns and don't form plural for them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Салат с луком / капустой / клубникой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;while the others do form plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Салат с огурцами / кабачками / артишоками / помидорами&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if you ask someone:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что у тебя в сумке?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;then the answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня в сумке огурец / кабачок / баклажан / артишок&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would unequivocally mean there's exactly one vegetable in the bag, while this answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня в сумке лук / капуста / клубника&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;may mean any quantity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What makes some vegetable names form the plural and the others not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-02-27T15:06:14.827" LastActivityDate="2017-03-06T00:35:07.323" Title="Why &quot;лук&quot; is a mass noun while &quot;огурец&quot; is not?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2215" CreationDate="2013-05-06T13:36:14.963" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It appears that all berries are mass nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;с клубникой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;с малиной&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;с черникой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;с кизилом&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;с крыжовником&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So at least there is a pattern there.  I don't know what the deal is with onions, cabbage, and potatoes vs. cucumbers and squash.  Could it be that things that grow under ground are mass nowns?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;с картошкой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;с морковью&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;с редиской&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;с луком&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;с чесноком&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Капуста grows above ground, but there is rarely more than one head of cabbage in a salad. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2013-05-06T13:36:14.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2215" CreationDate="2013-05-06T14:01:05.143" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is because one onion is луковица, one cabbage is кочан and one strawberry is ягода. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus you can say &quot;салат с луковицами/кочанами капусты/ягодами клубники&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-05-13T08:49:34.810" LastActivityDate="2013-05-13T08:49:34.810" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2218" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2220" CreationDate="2013-05-07T03:52:25.823" Score="1" ViewCount="803" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across a Russian forum that required an invitation code (код приглашения) to be eligible for registration, so I have to write a request email in Russian to the forum admin in order to get the code. It has to be written in Russian, but I don't have enough confidence in composing a mail that is fluent and appropriate in Russian yet. I'm wondering what is the structure of this kind of mail that follow the basic email etiquette in Russia? I'd really appreciate a example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1667" LastActivityDate="2013-05-11T06:43:55.530" Title="How to write a request letter in Russian?" Tags="&lt;этикет&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2215" CreationDate="2013-05-07T11:43:53.323" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your question is very interesting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;code&gt;салат с луком / капустой / клубникой&lt;/code&gt;. Unlikely you will cook a salad whith a lot of onion (it's too bitter) or (God forbid!) a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.calorizator.ru/sites/default/files/product/heads-cabbage.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;cabbage&lt;/a&gt; because it's too large. Strawberry here is a category, type. Unlike a cabbage a strawberry is small. You should use many berries for a salad. But there are no such words as &lt;code&gt;&quot;клубничинки&quot;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&quot;клубники&quot;&lt;/code&gt; as plural form or strawberry as English word &lt;code&gt;&quot;strawberries&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. So, because of this &lt;code&gt;&quot;клубника&quot;&lt;/code&gt; in this context is used as a type. You also can say: &lt;code&gt;&quot;Салат из ягод клубники&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, it is plural form for this context.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Салат с огурцами / кабачками / артишоками / помидорами&lt;/code&gt;. You easy can say: &lt;code&gt;&quot;Салат с огурцом/ кабачком/ артишоком / помидором&quot;&lt;/code&gt; if you put only one piese of these vegetables.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;У меня в сумке лук / капуста / клубника&lt;/code&gt;. You can say &lt;code&gt;луковицы, кочаны капусты, ягоды&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;Лук&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;клубника&lt;/code&gt; here are also a type. You don't buy one onion or one berry, because of this we use these terms in a single form.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine a situation: how many vegetables you can put in a dish, this is a class or a single product. It is a problem of semantic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastActivityDate="2013-05-07T11:43:53.323" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2218" CreationDate="2013-05-07T20:28:45.627" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Получать приглашение - всегда сложное дело ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я носитель языка и на вашем месте я написал бы так (замените угловые скобки на соответствующие имена и названия):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Здравствуйте! Меня зовут &amp;lt;ваше имя&amp;gt; , я из &amp;lt;страна в родительном&#xA;падеже&amp;gt;, изучаю русский и давно интересуюсь вашим сервисом.&#xA;Не могли бы вы выслать мне приглашение, пожалуйста?&#xA;Буду очень благодарен!&#xA;_________________________ &#xA;С уважением, &amp;lt;(ваше имя)&amp;gt;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1669" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-05-11T06:43:55.530" LastActivityDate="2013-05-11T06:43:55.530" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2194" CreationDate="2013-05-08T04:31:00.297" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say go, do mistakes and learn from them - it will be very fast. If you say дом (house) as дам (which means &quot;I will give&quot;) a person you are talking to would correct you almost immediately. If you try always pronounce &quot;o&quot; as &quot;o&quot; that would work as well, people will understand you always even though you would be sounding like 19th century dweller of Volga-basin area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I would say pronunciation should be the last thing to worry for anybody who is learning Russian. Grammar, this is what a learner should be focusing on. It is so much more convoluted in Russian, English would feel extremely liberating in that regard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1670" LastActivityDate="2013-05-08T04:31:00.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2177" CreationDate="2013-05-08T12:15:19.903" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;помнить&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;вспомнить&lt;/code&gt; are imperfective and perfective aspects of the same verb. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/verbs_aspect.php&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Verbs - Aspect&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's why you probably find both of them when looking up 'remember'. And in the Russian-English dictionary again they both refer to 'remember'. Do not get confused by other examples mentioned here. Almost all Russian verbs have 2 aspects:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;помнить - вспомнить&#xA;напоминать - напомнить&#xA;вспоминать - вспомнить&#xA;поминать - помянуть&#xA;мнить - возомнить&#xA;мять - смять&#xA;внимать - внять&#xA;вставлять - вставить&#xA;таять - растаять&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules for forming perfective aspect from imperfective exist but most of the time you'll have to learn these two forms for each verb and even for each meaning of the verb separately. Eg.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;держать слово - сдержать слово (keep your word)&#xA;держать ложку - взять вилку (hold a spoon - take a fork)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's probably one of the hardest things to learn for a foreigner as for a native speaker most of this is very intuitive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eg. although &lt;code&gt;помнить&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;вспоминать&lt;/code&gt; are both in the imperfective aspect and they both have the same perfective counterpart they still have different meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ты его помнишь? - Do you remember him?&#xA;Ты часто его вспоминаешь? - Do you reminisce/recall/recollect him often?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastEditorUserId="1671" LastEditDate="2013-05-08T12:32:36.813" LastActivityDate="2013-05-08T12:32:36.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2205" CreationDate="2013-05-09T06:18:42.120" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question about correspondence between degrees is a difficult one. To my knowledge, there are no formal agreements between Russia and Western countries on the subject. The common sense says that &lt;strong&gt;кандидат наук&lt;/strong&gt; corresponds to &lt;strong&gt;PhD&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;доктор наук&lt;/strong&gt; to &lt;strong&gt;Doctor of Science&lt;/strong&gt;. Note that the degree Doctor of Science is not the same in different European countries (and even do not exist in many).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why the common sense says so? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;PhD degree is obtained after 3-4 years of study (as PhD student).&#xA;Кандидат наук degree is obtained after 3-4 years of study (as&#xA;аспирант). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Formal requirements to outcome (theses/диссертация) are&#xA;similar. The most common requirement is: “three good scientific&#xA;papers must be published”.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Capacity/knowledge of a freshly graduated&#xA;PhD is approximately at the same level (at least in Natural and&#xA;Technical science). Russian PhD-s are accepted as post-docs in all&#xA;Western countries.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus&#xA; - кандидат наук corresponds to PhD&#xA; - доктор наук could be translated as Doctor of Science but with certain reservations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note 1: Кандидат наук and доктор наук are commonly used but incomplete descriptions of degrees. If you need to write formally, always specify what the science: &lt;strong&gt;кандидат химических наук&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;кандидат физико-математических наук&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;кандидат философских наук&lt;/strong&gt; (not the same as the letter D in PhD) and so on. The words химических, физико-математических... are taken from formal list of degrees. If you use a wrong word, the degree would sound as a joke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note 2: My considerations cover only the modern situation. There could not be such a simple solution for old texts. Yury cited good examples concerning translation of “old” degrees but I would apply these examples with certain reservations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1654" LastActivityDate="2013-05-09T06:18:42.120" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2224" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2228" CreationDate="2013-05-11T01:07:24.457" Score="3" ViewCount="2225" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don’t know any Russian, but I have a CD of Russian folk songs that I’m giving to a Russian learner as a gift. The liner notes have parallel lyrics in Russian and English, which is great. But from my experience listening to opera and from learning other languages, I’ve found that it’s a &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt; easier to follow along to music in an unfamiliar language when there are notes to follow too. You end up following the song in three languages at the same time—printed music, English, and the foreign language—two familiar, one unfamiliar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is the Russian term for “sheet music” that I can use to try and find scores/manuscripts/notes for folk songs on the internet?&lt;/strong&gt; For example, what do I add to the end of “начну на флейте стихи печальны” in Google to turn up printed notes instead of mp3s or lyrics? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’ve tried looking up related terms in online dictionaries and I’ve gotten things like ноты (notes) and принтед музыки (printed music) that seem better than plain музыка (music), but I’m not getting any sheet music back from Google using them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1679" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-04-09T23:15:06.167" LastActivityDate="2020-04-09T23:15:06.167" Title="Russian term for “sheet music”" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2225" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2224" CreationDate="2013-05-11T01:28:02.353" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You were right, you should use ноты. Unfortunately though, the song you're trying to find is old and rare, most probably you can find the original notes only in specialized libraries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1680" LastActivityDate="2013-05-11T01:28:02.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2133" CreationDate="2013-05-11T01:43:40.603" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the particle is never stressed, it was probably mutated from -ко to -ка due to vowel reduction. Same with noun diminutive -ко (Садко, stressed) which is commonly fixed as -ка (Васька, unstressed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1680" LastActivityDate="2013-05-11T01:43:40.603" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2224" CreationDate="2013-05-11T13:04:13.830" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Translation &lt;em&gt;ноты&lt;/em&gt; is the correct one - and the one you should use when searching for sheet music.  While you can try searching on the site suggested by c.p., it's worth remembering that folk songs originate in exactly that manner: from regular folk (people), of whom rare few would even realise that you can write the music on a sheet of paper, let alone do it.  The melodies to such songs are passed from people to people and from generation to generation, slightly changing in the process, therefore it's pretty much all but impossible to find the &lt;em&gt;real&lt;/em&gt; sheet music for the folk songs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you may find are versions recorded and transcribed by various composers at various times.  The same song would likely be recorded differently by different composers, too.  On the whole, only a small fraction of the folk songs was ever recorded in a sheet music format to be released publicly.  The folk songs on a recorded CD, if they are performed with a music and not vocal only, were likely written down as sheet music for the specific recording/performance and were not releases publicly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2013-05-11T13:04:13.830" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2229" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-11T16:45:39.007" Score="2" ViewCount="687" Body="&lt;p&gt;In current Internet speech, there are a lot of colloquial phrases placing this particle at the end of a phrase, mostly in topic-commentary strategies (thematic comments) like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Двойное отрицание &lt;strong&gt;же.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Законодательство &lt;strong&gt;же.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Комментарий &lt;strong&gt;же.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This partice seems to be more like that of Chinese emphatical clitics always taking utterance-final position, for же-particle normally, to the best of my knowledge, seldom, if ever, takes final position in a sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since when did this usage become wide-spread?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2013-05-14T03:12:05.513" LastActivityDate="2013-07-24T09:15:01.067" Title="What is the modern usage of particle же?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;синтаксис&gt;&lt;социолингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2224" CreationDate="2013-05-12T13:51:47.433" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You may want to take a look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://notes.tarakanov.net/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://notes.tarakanov.net/&lt;/a&gt; if you need digital sheets for folk songs, it may be of a help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1613" LastActivityDate="2013-05-12T13:51:47.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2229" CreationDate="2013-05-12T14:12:22.983" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;These examples sound like discussion sentences. The speaker emphasizes the statement with help of &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt; if the opponent does not understand a thing that is obvious for the speaker. An exclamation symbol (&lt;strong&gt;!&lt;/strong&gt;) should be suitable at end of each example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Двойное отрицание &lt;strong&gt;же!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not answer for the question &lt;strong&gt;Since when&lt;/strong&gt; but may help in some way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1654" LastActivityDate="2013-05-12T14:12:22.983" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2232" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2233" CreationDate="2013-05-12T18:40:52.257" Score="8" ViewCount="22926" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to understand the case aspects of the dates in Russian (I think that rather than learning them as a rule of thumb, after understanding them I won't forget them so easily). So far, I only came across two forms of dates: (a) nominative, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;03.12.2008: третье декабря две тысячи восьмого года &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and (b) after the preposition &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;, for instance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On Friday 1.04.1962: в пятницу первого апреля тысяча девятьсот шестьдесят второго года &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Attempt of explanation:&lt;/strong&gt; The way I understand (a) is as the literal (not correct English) translation of &lt;em&gt;the third of december of the year two thousand eight&lt;/em&gt;. So &lt;em&gt;third&lt;/em&gt; stands in nominative, &lt;em&gt;of december&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;декабря&lt;/em&gt; (in genitive). Moreover, one uses &lt;em&gt;две&lt;/em&gt; and not &lt;em&gt;двa&lt;/em&gt; because &lt;em&gt;тысяча&lt;/em&gt; is feminine; &lt;em&gt;тысячи&lt;/em&gt; is the genitive form of &lt;em&gt;thousand&lt;/em&gt; induced by the number 2, and the last genitive &lt;em&gt;&quot;восьмого года&quot;&lt;/em&gt; comes from the possessive in &quot;&lt;em&gt;of the year 2008&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way I understand (b) is essencially the same, except that the preposition &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; induces accusative(?) on the day of the week, and now the number of day, in this case 1, stands in genitive (why?). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Questions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Which errors can you find in this explanation? If so, kindly provide a better understanding.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Which case is used for the dates when dealing with periods of time? Is the year modified? For instance &quot;20&quot; and &quot;31&quot; and the years in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С 20 декабря 1999 по 31 декабря 2002&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is there something more to know about how to say the dates in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2013-05-13T14:23:12.927" LastActivityDate="2013-05-13T14:23:12.927" Title="Fully expanded form of the dates (years, specially) and their case aspects" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2232" CreationDate="2013-05-12T21:47:44.217" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;To begin with, I must point out that in Russian, when we say dates, e.g., &lt;code&gt;03.12.2008&lt;/code&gt;, the name of the month is an attribute in Genitive to the number of the date (03 in this example), this number of the date itself is an ordinal number in the neuter gender, it agrees with the word &lt;code&gt;число&lt;/code&gt; (number), which is neuter and is almost always omitted, and the number of the year is an attribute in Genitive to the name of the month:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;03.12.2008 - Третье [число] декабря две тысячи восьмого года (Word for word: *The 3rd [number] of December of the 2008th year).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Different prepositions used before dates govern different cases, but &lt;strong&gt;the attributes in Genitive (usually the month and the year) &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; remain in Genitive. If the name of the day of the week or a name of a holiday is used before the date, then the number of the day also becomes an attribute in Genitive to these latter.&lt;/strong&gt; In other words, only the first word in the date is declined, all the other words are in Genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, however you name a day (Friday, Easter, April 1), you use &amp;quot;on&amp;quot;: &lt;code&gt;on Friday, on Easter, on April 1&lt;/code&gt;. In Russian, in every of these cases it will be different:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;B&lt;/code&gt; + Accusative, if it's the day of the week: &lt;code&gt;В понедельник, в среду, в пятницу, в воскресенье&lt;/code&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;На&lt;/code&gt; + Accusative, if it's the name of a holiday: &lt;code&gt;На Рождество, на Новый год, на Пасху&lt;/code&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No preposition, the number in Genitive, then followed by Genitive of the the name of the month, the year, AD / BC, if you use the numerical date designation: &lt;code&gt;Первого апреля две тысячи тринадцатого года нашей эры&lt;/code&gt;. The number of the year is an ordinal numeral in Russian, while in English it's cardinal. In longer Russian ordinal numerals of several words only the last numeral pronounced is, actually, ordinal, the first ones are cardinal, and, when declined, it is only this last numeral pronounced that is declined (the declinable numeral is italicized):&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1000 год - &lt;em&gt;тысячный&lt;/em&gt; год - Первого апреля &lt;em&gt;тысячного&lt;/em&gt; года&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1900 год - тысяча &lt;em&gt;девятисотый&lt;/em&gt; год - Первого апреля тысяча &lt;em&gt;девятисотого&lt;/em&gt; года&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1901 год - тысяча девятьсот &lt;em&gt;первый&lt;/em&gt; год - Первого апреля тысяча девятьсот &lt;em&gt;первого&lt;/em&gt; года&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1915 год - тысяча девятьсот &lt;em&gt;пятнадцатый&lt;/em&gt; год - Первого апреля тысяча девятьсот &lt;em&gt;пятнадцатого&lt;/em&gt; года&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1999 год - тысяча девятьсот девяносто &lt;em&gt;девятый&lt;/em&gt; год - Первого апреля тысяча девятьсот девяносто &lt;em&gt;девятого&lt;/em&gt; года&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2000 год - &lt;em&gt;двухтысячный&lt;/em&gt; год - Первого апреля &lt;em&gt;двухтысячного&lt;/em&gt; года&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you name periods longer than a day, you use &amp;quot;in&amp;quot; in English (&lt;code&gt;in April, in 2013, in the 21st century&lt;/code&gt;). In Russian, the pattern is &lt;code&gt;B&lt;/code&gt; + Prepositional: &lt;code&gt;В апреле, в две тысячи тринадцатом году, в двадцать первом веке&lt;/code&gt;. If you combine the month and the year (&lt;code&gt;In April, 2013&lt;/code&gt;), it follows the same pattern, only the number of the year, together with the word &lt;code&gt;год&lt;/code&gt;,  is in Genitive: &lt;code&gt;В апреле две тысячи тринадцатого года&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С 20 декабря 1999 по 31 декабря 2002&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the number of the day after &lt;code&gt;C&lt;/code&gt; is in Genitive, and the number of the day after &lt;code&gt;По&lt;/code&gt; is in Accusative (in the ordinal numerals of several words, naturally, only the last word in declined):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С 20 декабря 1999 по 31 декабря 2002 - С двадцатого декабря тысяча девятьсот девяносто девятого года по тридцать первое декабря две тысячи второго года.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-05-12T21:47:44.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2234" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-13T07:45:46.127" Score="6" ViewCount="770" Body="&lt;p&gt;I encountered a description of a person as &quot;математик в законе&quot;. Does it mean he is a criminal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-10-17T05:25:40.577" Title="What does mean &quot;математик в законе&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2229" CreationDate="2013-05-13T09:55:45.667" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Когда первый участник диалога не замечает, не видит, не обращает внимания на очевидные вещи или просто не знает, не понимает их, не реагирует на приводимые доводы, то второй собеседник может реагировать приведёнными в качестве примера фразами. Если их переформулировать, то получится примерно так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Но ведь это двойное отрицание!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как ты не поймёшь, что это определено законодательством!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Прочти внимательно предыдущий комментарий, в нём всё доходчиво изложено!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Применение &lt;em&gt;же&lt;/em&gt; просто позволяет вместить тот же самый смысл в очень короткую фразу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эта форма стала широко применяться в последние 2-3 года в связи с ростом популярности блогов, микроблогов, борд и т.п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastEditorUserId="959" LastEditDate="2013-05-14T09:36:35.503" LastActivityDate="2013-05-14T09:36:35.503" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2234" CreationDate="2013-05-13T14:50:34.833" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If this is analogy with &quot;вор в законе&quot;, then it means respected, authoritative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastActivityDate="2013-05-13T14:50:34.833" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2229" CreationDate="2013-05-13T19:34:07.970" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;All three sentences are constructed using the same transformation: what's usually written as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;{pronoun} же {something}!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;often becomes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;{something} же!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;colloquially in situations when {pronoun} can be derived from the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your three sentences can be rewritten as follows to get the familiar form of these sentences with &quot;же&quot; used to emphasize the point that the speaker considers compelling or indisputable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это же двойное отрицание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это же законодательство.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это же комментарий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is hard to translate these sentences without much context. Here is one way to do it, with a context where it would make sense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Why &quot;не может не радоватъ&quot; means &quot;makes one happy?&quot; (Почему &quot;не может не радовать&quot; значит &quot;радует&quot;?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Clearly, that's a double negative. (Двойное отрицание же.)&#xA;  &lt;hr/&gt;&#xA;  -- Why did police release them so soon? (Почему полицейские отпустили их так быстро?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- You know that such is the legislation. (Законодательство же.)&#xA;  &lt;hr/&gt;&#xA;  -- Why was he so rude? (Почему он так нагрубил?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- C'mon, it's only a comment. (Комментарий же.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastActivityDate="2013-05-13T19:34:07.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2229" CreationDate="2013-05-14T08:44:46.870" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Since when did this usage become wide-spread?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IIRC this usage of же become popular in Internet last 2-3 years, but in spoken language it isn't something new or modern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1207" LastActivityDate="2013-05-14T08:44:46.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2177" CreationDate="2013-05-14T09:14:31.117" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Помнить - to remember, to actively keep remembering, indicating an ongoing process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вспомнить - to recall something that you did not actively keep in mind, to all of a sudden remember something. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1684" LastActivityDate="2013-05-14T09:14:31.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2240" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2241" CreationDate="2013-05-15T03:56:40.183" Score="7" ViewCount="559" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I look up the word наверное I always see two definitions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Probably, most likely&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Certainly, for sure&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These two definitions mean completely different things to me but I don't know how to interpret what is meant based on context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты читала эту книгу?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Наверное нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is she saying that she definitely hasn't read the book, or that she isn't sure but probably hasn't? How do I interpret sentences with наверное in general?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="197" LastActivityDate="2013-05-21T06:04:36.387" Title="How should I interpret the word наверное?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2241" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2240" CreationDate="2013-05-15T05:36:11.813" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian &lt;strong&gt;наверное&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;probably but I am not sure&quot;. But is seems like that in times of Tolstoy it meant possibly both or just &quot;for sure&quot; - many who read classical Russian literature could confirm that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other note the word &lt;strong&gt;наверняка&lt;/strong&gt;, which is of the same root, means &quot;definitely&quot; or &quot;for sure&quot;. Which is kinda puzzling indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1670" LastActivityDate="2013-05-15T05:36:11.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2240" CreationDate="2013-05-15T05:36:46.097" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;When it is an adverb (modifying something), it means certainly, as in &quot;я наверно придумаю что-нибудь плохое,&quot; which means &quot;I will certainly come up with something bad.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it is separated by punctuation, typically commas (or pauses in speech), it means probably. I would have written the answer as &quot;Наверно, нет.&quot; For instance, take Okudzhava's &lt;em&gt;Song About Combat Boots&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;А где же наше мужество, солдат, &#xA;когда мы возвращаемся назад? &#xA;Его, наверно, женщины крадут, &#xA;и, как птенца, за пазуху кладут.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, lots of confusion exists. For example, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5,_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian Wiki entry&lt;/a&gt; for the comedy &lt;em&gt;The Gods Must Be Crazy&lt;/em&gt; is punctuated. But the meaning is almost the same.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the negation in your example is making the difference between the two loom large. Certainty, roughly speaking, is just probability going to one. An example of this is &quot;almost sure/certain convergence&quot; in math, which is translated as &quot;почти наверное сходимость&quot; in K. A. Borovkov's &lt;em&gt;English-Russian Dictionary on Probability, Statistics, and Combinatorics,&lt;/em&gt; 1994.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1573" LastEditorUserId="1573" LastEditDate="2013-05-15T06:18:39.307" LastActivityDate="2013-05-15T06:18:39.307" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2243" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2244" CreationDate="2013-05-15T12:20:12.493" Score="10" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following quote is from the beginning of Part 1, chapter 7 (Раскольников stands at the old woman's door):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;...и опять два вострые и недоверчивые взгяда уставились на него из темноты.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is &quot;вострые и недоверчивые&quot; in nominative? Does 'два' not govern a genitive singular?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can one person (in this case the old woman) look with &quot;two glances&quot; (&quot;два взгляда&quot;)? Can &quot;взгляд&quot; be a synonym for &quot;глаз&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1568" LastActivityDate="2013-05-15T13:16:25.010" Title="Use of genitive in Преступление и наказание" Tags="&lt;литература&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2243" CreationDate="2013-05-15T13:16:25.010" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is &amp;quot;вострые и недоверчивые&amp;quot; in nominative? Does 'два' not govern a genitive singular?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does govern sg. gen. for nouns, but may govern both gen. and nom. for the adjectives defining them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal et al., #193.1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;При существительных мужского и среднего рода, зависящих от числительных &lt;em&gt;два, три, четыре&lt;/em&gt; (а также от составных числительных, оканчивающихся на указанные цифры), определение, находящееся между числительным и существительным, в современном языке ставится, как правило, в форме родительного падежа множественного числа: &lt;em&gt;два высоких дома, три больших окна, двадцать четыре деревянных стола.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note the remark about &amp;quot;modern language&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;usually&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This graph: &lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/P1EoA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://goo.gl/P1EoA&lt;/a&gt; shows decline in usage of nominative over time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can one person (in this case the old woman) look with &amp;quot;two glances&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;два взгляда&amp;quot;)? Can &amp;quot;взгляд&amp;quot; be a synonym for &amp;quot;глаз&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, it's a metonymy, and Dostoevsky is known for wide usage of those.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;… возбуждало в нем желчь и конвульсии (&lt;em&gt;желчь&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;разлитие желчи&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;… cестра моя скорее в негры пойдет к плантатору или в латыши к остзейскому немцу … (&lt;em&gt;негры&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;латыши&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;батраки&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;рабы&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В другой расположились музыканты: две скрипки, флейта и контрбас. (instruments instead of players)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-05-15T13:16:25.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2245" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2248" CreationDate="2013-05-15T15:30:15.330" Score="10" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Только три процента всей воды на Земле явля(Е/Ю)тся пресной&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What letter should I choose there? Е or Ю?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2013-05-16T06:32:40.263" Title="Только три процента всей воды на Земле явля(Е/Ю)тся пресной" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2246" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2247" CreationDate="2013-05-15T15:31:06.960" Score="6" ViewCount="382" Body="&lt;p&gt;When in history of Russian language &quot;кде&quot; became &quot;где&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-05-15T21:13:22.203" LastActivityDate="2013-05-16T12:02:15.350" Title="When &quot;кде&quot; became &quot;где&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2246" CreationDate="2013-05-15T15:50:12.190" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the fall of the reduced, &lt;em&gt;къде&lt;/em&gt; became &lt;em&gt;кде&lt;/em&gt; which then turned into &lt;em&gt;где&lt;/em&gt; trough vocalization of the voiceless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;къде&lt;/em&gt; is used in the gramotas (&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramoty.ru/index.php?no=788&amp;amp;act=full&amp;amp;key=bb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;788&lt;/a&gt;, dated 1180-1200), &lt;em&gt;где&lt;/em&gt; in several Old Russian texts  of no later than XIII. Note that written Old Novgorod dialect mixed &lt;code&gt;ъ&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The interjacent form &lt;em&gt;кде&lt;/em&gt; is used, say in the Primary Chronicle dated 1117.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd say it's some time around the fall of the reduced coming to its end, so depending on the dialect it's XII to XIII.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-05-16T12:02:15.350" LastActivityDate="2013-05-16T12:02:15.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2245" CreationDate="2013-05-15T15:59:28.553" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case the following rule would apply (Rosenthal et al., №184.2):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Форма единственного числа сказуемого указывает на совокупность предметов, форма множественного числа – на отдельные предметы. Ср.: &lt;em&gt;В городе строится пять объектов соцкультбыта&lt;/em&gt; (единое нерасчлененное представление о действии). – &lt;em&gt;В крупнейших городах страны строятся еще пять объектов соцкультбыта&lt;/em&gt; (расчлененное представление о действии).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since we do not refer each percent separately, we should use the singular form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-05-16T06:32:40.263" LastActivityDate="2013-05-16T06:32:40.263" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2249" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2245" CreationDate="2013-05-15T17:37:15.433" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;три процента ... являются, так как &quot;являться&quot; - глагол относится к 1 спряжению. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/class/coach/tbgramota/45_91&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.gramota.ru/class/coach/tbgramota/45_91&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1693" LastActivityDate="2013-05-15T17:37:15.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2252" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2253" CreationDate="2013-05-16T06:07:34.107" Score="10" ViewCount="568" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's clear enough that something like &quot;1993 г.&quot; signifies a precise year, but in English one can write &quot;c. 1993&quot; (i.e. &quot;circa 1993&quot;), indicating that the exact year is unknown. Is there an equivalent in Russian? It feels awkward to write &quot;около 1993 г.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1388" LastActivityDate="2013-05-16T07:08:05.127" Title="What is the Russian equivalent for &quot;circa&quot;?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2252" CreationDate="2013-05-16T06:51:39.593" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This form is ok when there are no conflicting governments:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Около 1804 года в Смоленской губернии, верстах в двадцати от города Ельни, проживал в собственном своем имении, селе Новоспасском, отставной капитан Иван Николаевич Глинка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in case of government conflict (when adding the preposition &lt;em&gt;около&lt;/em&gt; would change the noun's case), Rosenthal suggests replacing it with an adverb (Rosenthal et al., №200.4):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Конструкция может оказаться в двойной зависимости при несочетаемости двух форм управления, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;…потребовал обнародования петиции, подписанной свыше миллиона граждан, выступающих против повышения квартирной платы&lt;/em&gt; (подписанной &lt;em&gt;кем?&lt;/em&gt; свыше &lt;em&gt;чего?&lt;/em&gt;; возможный вариант правки: &lt;em&gt;подписанной свыше чем миллионом граждан&lt;/em&gt;);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В проходе разрешается стоять не свыше 25 экскурсантов&lt;/em&gt; (разрешается &lt;em&gt;кому?&lt;/em&gt; не свыше  &lt;em&gt;чего?&lt;/em&gt;;  возможный вариант: &lt;em&gt;…не больше чем 25 экскурсантам&lt;/em&gt;);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;    &#xA;    &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Издание, датируемое около 1600 года&lt;/em&gt; (датируемое &lt;em&gt;таким-то&lt;/em&gt; годом; около &lt;em&gt;такого-то&lt;/em&gt; года; возможный вариант: &lt;em&gt;датируемое приблизительно 1600 годом&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an abbrebiation, it's widely used in encyclopaedia articles and similar:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Архимед (Archimedes; ок. 287 — 212 до н. э.), древнегреческий учёный, математик и механик.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-05-16T07:08:05.127" LastActivityDate="2013-05-16T07:08:05.127" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2255" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2256" CreationDate="2013-05-18T06:22:43.767" Score="7" ViewCount="545" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian expressions in the title refer to god. Are there equivalent interjections that do not refer to it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastActivityDate="2018-12-31T12:10:03.253" Title="Not god-alluding expressions equivalent to &quot;боже мой!&quot;, &quot;о господи!&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2255" CreationDate="2013-05-18T06:55:58.047" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are the words that express astonishment or fright both positive and negative form. There are a lot of such words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Чёрт!&#xA;Ё-моё!&#xA;Ого! &#xA;Ух ты! &#xA;Ничего себе!&#xA;Нифига!&#xA;Ой-ёй-ёй!&#xA;Ёлки-палки!&#xA;Вот это да!&#xA;Надо же!&#xA;Ох!&#xA;Обалдеть!&#xA;Невероятно!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastActivityDate="2013-05-18T06:55:58.047" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2255" CreationDate="2013-05-18T20:54:26.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The list contains right expressions but by no means it is a complete one.&#xA;You often would also hear &lt;strong&gt;&quot;С ума сойти!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, and bizarrely enough, some totally inexplicable exclamations referring to the same emotion of awe or astonishment like, for example, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;япона мать!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that the majority of such expressions are from the realm of profanity and cannot be mentioned here. But believe me - once you are in Russia, you would learn them very quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1670" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2013-05-19T15:42:24.690" LastActivityDate="2013-05-19T15:42:24.690" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2258" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2259" CreationDate="2013-05-20T09:25:13.023" Score="7" ViewCount="13128" Body="&lt;p&gt;В классике русской литературы разных изданий встречается написание слова &amp;quot;бог&amp;quot; в сходном контексте как с прописной, так и со строчной буквы. Например,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Во  главе  тамошнего  местного  духовенства  находился  тогда  епископ,&#xA;человек,  надо  полагать, очень  добрый,  участливый  и  чистосердечный.  Он&#xA;принимал скорбь народа близко  к своему  сердцу и сам усердно молился, чтобы&#xA;Бог послал дождь на землю, но дождя все-таки не было.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Н.С.Лесков. Повесть о богоугодном дровоколе.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Говорят:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Мы еще и сами не знаем, что учиним, а только будем на бога надеяться, и авось слово царское ради нас в постыждении не будет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так и Платов умом виляет, и туляки тоже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Н.С.Лесков. Левша. Сказ о тульском косом Левше и о стальной блохе.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли формальное правило, строго определяющее, когда надо писать со строчной, а когда с прописной. Или выбор может быть оставлен за автором (издателем)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1702" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-04-24T19:52:52.927" Title="Слово &quot;Бог&quot;: с прописной или со строчной" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2258" CreationDate="2013-05-20T09:34:56.413" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;В советских изданиях &quot;бог&quot; всегда писался со строчной буквы, потому что &quot;бога нет&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В дореволюционных изданиях и пост-советских (современных) изданиях &quot;Бог&quot; пишется с заглавной буквы (если имеется в виду христианство, где Бог един и любые упоминания Бога относятся к Нему), причем и местоимения, относящиеся к Нему (Его, Ему, Он и т. п.) (т.е. слово &quot;Бог&quot; здесь выступает в роли имени).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если же божество относится к пантеону языческих божеств (греческих, египетских и т.п.) то у этих божеств есть собственные имена (Анубис, Гефест, Кецалькоатль), поэтому &quot;бог&quot; здесь не играет роль имени собственного и пишется с маленькой буквы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Думаю что и в современной практике отдельные издательства могут придерживаться советских норм (например в какой-нибудь газете с названием &quot;Голос атеиста&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE&lt;/strong&gt;: Вот цитата из книги &lt;em&gt;Мильчин, Чельцова. Справочник издателя и автора, 2003&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.22.1. Имена богов, апостолов, пророков, святых&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  С прописной буквы пишутся слово Бог (в значении единого верховного существа) и имена богов во всех религиях. Напр.: Иегова, Саваоф, Яхве, Иисус Христос…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Примечание 2. Слово бог в значении одного из множества богов или в переносном значении пишется со строчной буквы. Напр.: бог Аполлон, бог войны, боги Олимпа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.22.2. Устойчивые сочетания со словами бог, господь&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В многочисленных устойчивых сочетаниях, постоянно употребляющихся в разговорной речи вне прямой связи с религией, следует писать бог (а также господь) со строчной буквы. К ним относятся: (не) бог весть или (не) бог знает (кто, что, какой) — о ком-, чем-либо не очень важном, значительном; бог (господь) его знает — неизвестно, не знаю; бог с ним (ней, тобой, вами), (не) дай бог, ради бога, убей меня бог, как бог на душу положит, не приведи бог (господь), богом обиженный, забытый богом, к богу в рай, не верить ни в бога ни в черта, не гони бога в лес, коли в избу влез, и др.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не следует также писать с прописной буквы междометия ей-богу, боже, боже мой, господи, господи боже мой, бог ты мой, боже упаси, боже сохрани, в отличие от тех случаев, когда формы боже, господи выражают обращение к Богу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В некоторых случаях выбор написания зависит от контекста. Так, может быть написано слава Богу (если контекст указывает, что говорящий действительно благодарит Господа Бога) и слава богу (если по контексту ясно, что употреблен расхожий разговорный оборот: В тот раз он, слава богу, пришел вовремя!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но в сочетании не слава богу прописная буква невозможна (У него все не слава богу)».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Взято с сайта &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/forum/klass/109512/&quot;&gt;http://www.gramota.ru/forum/klass/109512/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-05-20T12:55:45.763" LastActivityDate="2013-05-20T12:55:45.763" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1734" CreationDate="2013-05-20T12:36:37.993" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Well, no&quot;. &quot;Да&quot; here is just an interjection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="235" LastActivityDate="2013-05-20T12:36:37.993" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2240" CreationDate="2013-05-21T06:04:36.387" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;answer to your quote would be &quot;that she isn't sure but probably hasn't?&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Наверное&quot; - brings uncertainty in to the sentence and than flowing word is defining whether its more yes or no ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;translation would be the same that you have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1705" LastActivityDate="2013-05-21T06:04:36.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2173" CreationDate="2013-05-21T16:58:43.307" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;try please: можете, пожалуйста, вести себя потише?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1706" LastActivityDate="2013-05-21T16:58:43.307" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2180" CreationDate="2013-05-21T19:20:00.807" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just glance through the movie , and all i can say , that it's they speak old Russian, and i didn't find it hard to understand. But langue they use is rear so you may find some old people some where in the village will actually speak this way. Rather then that it's not common to use most of the words in modern Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1705" LastActivityDate="2013-05-21T19:20:00.807" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2021-02-26T11:49:21.160" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2266" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2267" CreationDate="2013-05-22T07:16:48.607" Score="6" ViewCount="5188" Body="&lt;p&gt;В русском языке есть много так называемых &quot;слов-паразитов&quot;, которые можно убрать из текста, причем сам текст от этого не пострадает. Более того - текст (или устная речь) станет грамотнее, &quot;чище&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, словами-паразитами называют частицы &quot;же&quot;, &quot;ведь&quot;, &quot;ну&quot;, &quot;вот&quot;; слова и выражения &quot;кстати&quot;, &quot;так вот&quot;, &quot;вообще&quot;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нужны ли эти слова в русском языке? Если единственная функция этих слов - &quot;заполнение времени&quot;, то почему слов-паразитов так много? Неужели нельзя обойтись только словом &quot;э&quot; или &quot;ну&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2013-05-22T09:24:35.940" Title="Для чего нужны &quot;слова-паразиты&quot; - &quot;ну&quot;, &quot;ведь&quot;, &quot;же&quot;, &quot;вот&quot;?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;слова-паразиты&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2266" CreationDate="2013-05-22T07:45:58.587" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Википедия пишет о &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;словах-паразитах&lt;/a&gt; следующее:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Слова-паразиты» — лингвистическое явление, выраженное в употреблении лишних и бессмысленных в данном контексте слов вроде «типа», «например», «как бы», «это самое», «собственно», «ну..», «так сказать», «вот», «как сказать», «в общем-то», «понимаешь», «а именно», «на этом» и других. Синтаксически большинство «слов-паразитов» являются вводными словами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но есть у этих слов и другая роль - они могут использоваться для обеспечения связности текста и выступают в этом случае в роли &lt;a href=&quot;http://postnauka.ru/faq/8572&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;дискурсивных слов&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дискурсивные слова – это сравнительно новая область лингвистики. Так в узком смысле называют особую группу слов: не &amp;quot;основное ядро&amp;quot;, несущее главную нагрузку в передаче смыслового задания, а &amp;quot;служебные&amp;quot; слова, отражающие то, как говорящий работает над текстом, что он думает: трудно ему или легко, как он воспринимает адресата, много или мало, по его мнению, знает адресат, раздражает он говорящего или, наоборот, нравится ему. Эти слова помечают разные этапы создания текста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, «слушай меня внимательно, сейчас будет самое важное» – в этом значении мы часто употребляем единицу &lt;strong&gt;так вот&lt;/strong&gt;. Или, например: «А сейчас я делаю отступление, это менее важно, имейте в виду, но скоро я вернусь к важному». Этот смысла может скрываться за коротким &lt;strong&gt;кстати&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кроме того, дискурсивные слова часто выражают разное отношение к адресату. Хорошо ли я знаю его, близко ли он мне знаком. Не всякому человеку скажешь &lt;em&gt;ведь&lt;/em&gt;, или &lt;em&gt;вот&lt;/em&gt;, или &lt;em&gt;ка&lt;/em&gt; (как в &lt;em&gt;сделай-ка&lt;/em&gt;) – эта частица тоже дискурсивное слово, которое свидетельствует об особом отношении между говорящим и адресатом, скорее всего, об их близком знакомстве или неформальных отношениях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Ты &lt;strong&gt;ведь&lt;/strong&gt; туда уже ходил&amp;quot; – попробуйте перевести его на какой-то другой язык. Если попытаться это сделать, то приблизительно получится: «ты знаешь и я знаю, что ты туда ходил, но, наверное, ты об этом забыл, и я хочу тебе напомнить об этом, при этом я удивляюсь, потому что я считаю, что ты об этом должен бы был помнить». В этом слове помещается очень сложное и очень эмоциональное значение – напоминание говорящего адресату, что тот должен извлечь из своей памяти нечто очевидное, но при этом потерянное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У слова &lt;strong&gt;ну&lt;/strong&gt; тоже очень сложный комплекс значений. Оно возникает, как правило, в начале реплики и свидетельствует о том, что говорящий раздумывает, не знает точно, что ответить, и пытается выиграть время, чтобы выбрать то, что кажется ему оптимальным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дискурсивные слова принадлежат не только к разговорной речи, по крайней мере для русского языка это не так. Даже в русских научных статьях их очень много: &lt;em&gt;таким образом, очевидно, тем не менее, в целом&lt;/em&gt;, и т.д., и т.п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дискурсивные слова не связаны также со степенью литературной обработанности, «развитости» языка: они есть и в литературных языках с давней традицией, и в малых, в бесписьменных языках. А связано их присутствие, скорее всего, с тем, насколько в данном языке – и в данной культуре – важно внимание к информации, получаемой только при межличностном общении (особенно когда собеседники хорошо знают друг друга).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Интересно что дискурсивных слов было очень много в древнегреческом языке. Не всегда было понятно как их переводить, поэтому часто переводчики их просто пропускали. Видимо, греческий текст – в том числе и научный – вырастал непосредственно из диалога, ведь дискурсивных слов много там, где есть установка на постоянное межличностное взаимодействие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-05-22T09:24:35.940" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2268" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-05-22T13:53:21.420" Score="4" ViewCount="209" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why/How these names have different grammatical endings: Marija - Natalija?&#xA;Or do they have the same endings in Dative case? Could somebody give me all 6 singular case endings for these two names for women, please.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1708" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-05-23T21:05:28.403" LastActivityDate="2013-05-23T21:05:28.403" Title="Why/How these names have different grammatical endings: Marija - Natalija" Tags="&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2269" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2268" CreationDate="2013-05-22T18:11:43.790" Score="8" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Nom:  Мария    Наталья  &#xA;Gen:  Марии    Натальи  &#xA;Dat:  Марии    Наталье  &#xA;Acc:  Марию    Наталью  &#xA;Inst: Марией   Натальей&#xA;Prp:  Марии    Наталье&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The endings differ indeed: &lt;em&gt;Мария&lt;/em&gt; belongs to declension 1-7a while &lt;em&gt;Наталья&lt;/em&gt; belongs to 1-6a&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that both names have complementary forms (&lt;em&gt;Ма&amp;#769;рья&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Ната&amp;#769;лия&lt;/em&gt;), accordingly, which do decline similarly to &lt;em&gt;Наталья&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Мария&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Наталия&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Мария&lt;/em&gt; both belong to 1-7a; &lt;em&gt;Наталья&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Марья&lt;/em&gt; both belong to 1-6a).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before the orthography reform of 1917, both words ended in &lt;em&gt;iѣ&lt;/em&gt; in both dative and prepositive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-05-22T18:17:11.340" LastActivityDate="2013-05-22T18:17:11.340" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2270" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2272" CreationDate="2013-05-22T20:54:08.523" Score="12" ViewCount="2741" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that «отказ от прав» is very clumsy and «предупреждение» didn't cupture the sence thought even here (&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;https://russian.stackexchange.com/&lt;/a&gt;) it used widely in cases where second choice is more appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1710" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-03-07T15:07:39.873" Title="How to translate «disclaimer» into Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2270" CreationDate="2013-05-22T23:50:02.003" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;We call it simply &quot;дисклеймер&quot;. Wikipedia also &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&quot;&gt;confirms&lt;/a&gt; it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastActivityDate="2013-05-22T23:50:02.003" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2270" CreationDate="2013-05-23T07:42:44.520" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; article that Clever Masha referenced, reads that disclaimer is widely used in US including every day life situations. However it is well known that russian culture is not used to legal terms in every day life. I think that we have to separate situations when disclaimer is used by companies and when it is used elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, when publishing house, software company or cinema studio uses disclaimer it is translated as legal notice. All examples below are typical &amp;quot;заявления об отказе от ответственности&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Издательство не несет ответственности и не предоставляет гарантий в связи с публикацией фактов, данных, результатов и другой информации.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Редакция не несёт ответственности за содержание авторских материалов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Все персонажи являются вымышленными и любое совпадение с реально живущими или жившими людьми случайно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When disclaimer is used in other situations it is not common to Russian culture. The example that you are giving &amp;quot;Disclaimer: J. K. Rowling owns Harry Potter, and no one owns the methods of rationality.&amp;quot; references both legal and &amp;quot;non-legal&amp;quot; sphere, so it is hard to find adequate translation immediately. This disclaimer references fantasy setting of the book, so to translate it one should try to find some creative solution. In this case &amp;quot;предупреждение&amp;quot; seems not so bad, but definetely looses 'legal' feeling of the term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(It worth to note that Multitran also lists &amp;quot;юридическое предупреждение&amp;quot; as invention of cell phone provider MTC. Here 'legal' background is back).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update 2&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;New idea came to me 3 years since the original question. &lt;strong&gt;Предуведомление&lt;/strong&gt; sounds quite old-fashioned and bureaucratic, so, to my mind, it combines both legal (like &amp;quot;заявление&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;особое мнение&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;извещение&amp;quot;, etc.) and fantasy setting (since it is old and not so widely used nowadays like предупреждение).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Original answer&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I understand correctly &amp;quot;disclaimer&amp;quot; is not widely used in russian law, so the translators usually are trying to find the appropriate existing russian terms in different fields of knowledge (business, software, telecommunications, cinema, etc.). This is typical situation with freshly borrowed terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the translation depends on context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that most general translation is &amp;quot;отказ от ответственности&amp;quot;. I think this is the best translation for the software EULA, where they write &amp;quot;The end user uses this free software 'as is'&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However in the movies when they state that all the characters are fictional the translation may be &amp;quot;оговорка о случайном характере совпадений&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More official &amp;quot;corporate style&amp;quot; translation may be &amp;quot;заявление об отказе от ответственности&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However in patents and in jurisprudence (legal practice) there may be more appropriate translations in different situations: правовая оговорка, защитительная оговорка, отказ от прав, отказ от изобретения, дискламация элемента товарного знака, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See more alternative translations on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?CL=1&amp;amp;s=disclaimer&amp;amp;l1=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Multitran.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-03-07T15:07:39.873" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2273" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2275" CreationDate="2013-05-23T12:18:59.457" Score="14" ViewCount="497" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many Russian interrogatives start with к-:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кто?&#xA;кому?&#xA;куда?&#xA;кем?&#xA;как?&#xA;который?&#xA;где? (&amp;lt;кде?)&#xA;когда?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, some interrogatives start with ч-. They seems to be case variants of &quot;что?&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;что?&#xA;чему?&#xA;чем?&#xA;чего?&#xA;о чём?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose that all these interrogatives came from Proto-Indo-European &quot;q&lt;sup&gt;u̯&lt;/sup&gt;-&quot;, which also gave English wh- (as in what, who, when, which,...).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet I wonder why кто (&quot;who&quot;) and &quot;что&quot;(&quot;what&quot;) got different initial consonant? Can it be explained solely by dissimilation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-06-05T04:15:26.693" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T04:15:26.693" Title="Why some Russian interrogatives start with к- and others - with ч-?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="833" CreationDate="2013-05-23T15:24:03.000" Score="7" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Articles about writing texts in Russian &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0Al3ROaF1pTROdEFjc1REcDdxTkE0T0g2eHJsNDQ2NFE#gid=0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Collection of articles&lt;/a&gt; by art-director A. Lebedev, editor M. Ilyahov and other respectable people in web-development.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastActivityDate="2013-05-23T15:24:03.000" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2013-05-23T15:24:03.000" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2273" CreationDate="2013-05-23T16:03:33.293" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Кто (&quot;who&quot;) and &quot;что&quot;(&quot;what&quot;) have different initial consonants due to the so-called &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_first_palatalization&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Slavic first palatalization&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; which happened rather early, in the Proto=Slavic times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE#.D0.AD.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F&quot;&gt;Кто&lt;/a&gt; &amp;lt;  &lt;em&gt;Pr-Sl.&lt;/em&gt; *kъ-to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE#.D0.AD.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F&quot;&gt;Что&lt;/a&gt; &amp;lt;  &lt;em&gt;Pr-Sl.&lt;/em&gt; *čь-to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During this palatalisation *k changed *k &gt; *kʲ &gt; *č before front vowels. *ь being a front vowel, *čь is the result of *ki undergoing the Slavic first palatalization, this *ki is a cognate of Greek &lt;code&gt;ti&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;what&quot;) and Latin &lt;code&gt;quid&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;what&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-05-23T16:03:33.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1512" CreationDate="2013-05-23T21:24:33.997" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, &quot;снимай пальто&quot; is more rude and less polite than &quot;сними пальто&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As already mentioned, &quot;сними пальто&quot; may sound like an advice, while &quot;снимай пальто&quot; is like an order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &quot;сними пальто&quot; may imply that the person who says so may help in the action or continue the dialog, while &quot;снимай пальто&quot; somehow implies that the saying person does not want to continue the conversation until the action is done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;снимайте пальто&lt;/em&gt; - do it yourself, I will do my business while you are doing it (or I will watch). No further talks with me until you finished, do not bother me until you done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;снимите пальто&lt;/em&gt; - do it and I will help you in the process or after you finished. This phrase may be continued with further talk with the saying person during the action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-05-23T21:36:21.630" LastActivityDate="2013-05-23T21:36:21.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2278" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="208" CreationDate="2013-05-27T02:29:15.463" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say it is understandable in general, especially when spoken not too fast. Majority of words are very similar and get inflected similarly although there are some notable exceptions (like &lt;strong&gt;коханка&lt;/strong&gt; in Ukrainian is quite different from Russian &lt;strong&gt;любовница&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;бачить&lt;/strong&gt; does not look like &lt;strong&gt;видеть&lt;/strong&gt; at all).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Written text is understandable in context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many Slavic languages look alike and can be understood by average Russian speaker to a point. Some are easier, some harder. Say Serbo-Croatian is easier to comprehend than Polish (my personal perception).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Years back I have visited once a village of Semirechie Cossaks in Central Asia where older generation was still speaking the version of Russian they brought with themselves back in early 19th century when Tsar sent them to colonize outskirts of then growing Russian Empire. And I would say that language was more difficult to comprehend than modern Ukrainian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1670" LastActivityDate="2013-05-27T02:29:15.463" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="208" CreationDate="2013-05-27T07:15:11.677" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;My personal understanding of written languages:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Belarusian: 75%&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ukrainian: 60%&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bulgarian: 40%&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Macedonian: 40%&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Serbian: 35%&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chech: 30%&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Polish: 20%&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-05-27T07:15:11.677" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2280" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2288" CreationDate="2013-05-28T04:11:30.007" Score="10" ViewCount="5844" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first part of the question is straightforward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there any difference between &amp;quot;тоже&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;также&amp;quot;? If so, what?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one is likely to have a &amp;quot;yes&amp;quot;-answer, but anyway:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When considering all the places one could put &amp;quot;тоже&amp;quot; in a sentence, does placement of this word alter the meaning of the sentence?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can better explain this second part with an example.  To be specific, do the following sentences mean the same thing? (I am guessing they do not.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ты тоже танцуешь сальсу?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тоже ты танцуешь сальсу?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты танцуешь тоже сальсу?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Maybe&lt;/em&gt; the second and third options have a clear meaning (&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;do you (like somebody else) dance Salsa?&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;do you dance salsa (as well as Tango)&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;, respectively) but, in a context-free environment, so does the first one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Optional question.&lt;/strong&gt; Here is how the second question was originated. Once I was trying to socialize with three fellows: a guy, which we all knew was Russian, and two Russian-speaking girls. In order to know the nationality of the girls, I asked &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;вы тоже русские?&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; But what they understood was that I was introducing myself as Russian, while by saying &amp;quot;тоже&amp;quot; I actually meant &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;are you Russians too? (as the other guy is).&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What should I have asked?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2020-10-31T21:28:28.990" LastActivityDate="2020-10-31T21:33:22.757" Title="Difference between &quot;тоже&quot; and &quot;также&quot;. Where to place &quot;тоже&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2281" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2283" CreationDate="2013-05-28T04:34:09.977" Score="5" ViewCount="372" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Интонация&quot; is the word my tutor mentioned. In case he was right, I'd like to know how important it is. As I understood (don't blame him if I'm wrong!), context-free questions need certain verbal aid to distinguish what the speaker is really after. Example (inspired by the book &quot;русский язык для всех&quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мама, наш папа выступает по телевизору в пятницу?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can one tell, without intonation nor context, what is really asked here? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is true that stressing certain word with a characteristic pitch, higher than the rest of the words, helps to discern what is asked (namely the doubt relies on the  stressed word)? In the previous example, if one stresses &lt;em&gt;&quot;по телевизору&quot;&lt;/em&gt; one is asked &quot;in TV?&quot;(or, say, Radio?); if one stresses &lt;em&gt;&quot;пятницу&quot;&lt;/em&gt; one is after the day in which dad is on TV, and so on.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:14:16.073" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T12:14:16.073" Title="How important is the &quot;musical&quot; intonation by asking?" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2280" CreationDate="2013-05-28T04:46:53.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) The difference is, that &quot;тоже&quot; is 'also' (вы &lt;strong&gt;тоже&lt;/strong&gt; танцуете сальсу?) and &quot;так же&quot; is more like &quot;did the same&quot; (он танцует сальсу, и я поступаю &lt;strong&gt;так же&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; while, &quot;также&quot; means &quot;and&quot; (for example мы танцуем сальсу, а &lt;strong&gt;также&lt;/strong&gt; бочатту) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) only the first sentence is correct. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) it was a correct question, the only thing you could do to make it more clear for the girls is to say &quot;вы тоже русские, как и ... (the guy's name)?&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1461" LastActivityDate="2013-05-28T04:46:53.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2281" CreationDate="2013-05-28T07:10:06.117" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without intonation or context true meaning of the sentence will not be clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are many possibilities for interpretation here (stress is marked in bold).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мама, &lt;strong&gt;наш&lt;/strong&gt; папа выступает по телевизору в пятницу?&#xA;That would mean that precisely our dad not Natasha's is gonna be on TV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мама, наш &lt;strong&gt;папа&lt;/strong&gt; выступает по телевизору в пятницу?&#xA;That would mean that our dad and not grandpa or uncle Dima is gonna be on TV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мама, наш папа &lt;strong&gt;выступает&lt;/strong&gt; по телевизору в пятницу?&#xA;That would mean that our dad will be talking on TV and not dancing or moving lips silently as IRA political leaders on BBC back in 80s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мама, наш папа выступает &lt;strong&gt;по телевизору&lt;/strong&gt; в пятницу?&#xA;That would mean that dad will be on TV and not radio or podcast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мама, наш папа выступает по телевизору &lt;strong&gt;в пятницу&lt;/strong&gt;?&#xA;That would mean that dad will be on TV on Friday and not on Monday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say stressing what is meant by intonation is quite important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1670" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2013-05-28T15:43:39.747" LastActivityDate="2013-05-28T15:43:39.747" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2281" CreationDate="2013-05-28T09:21:00.320" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, intonation is crucial to telling what's being asked in Russian, and even to telling a statement from a question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Inhabitants of Mordovia (a region in Central Russia, home to Fenno-Ugric Erzya and Moksha languages) are notable for using the rising intonation at the end of every sentence, which makes every sentence sound as an interrogative. So Russian dialect spoken in Mordovia uses a supporting interrogative clause &lt;em&gt;чо-ли&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;lt; &lt;em&gt;что ли&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она картошку выкопала (she has harvested potatoes)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она картошку выкопала чо-ли? (has she harvested potatoes?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она чо-ли картошку выкопала? (was it she who harvested potatoes?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-05-28T12:10:53.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2281" CreationDate="2013-05-28T12:21:14.913" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, strictly speaking, intonations are &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; necessary. Any question is just asking whether &lt;em&gt;the whole proposition&lt;/em&gt; is true.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is «Наш папа выступает по телевизору в пятницу» can be false because it's your friend's father who'll be on TV. Or because your relative will be on TV but he is not your father. Or maybe your father will be on TV, but not on friday, and so on.&#xA;The same is true for, say, english: “Will out father be on TV on friday?” can also be false in multiple ways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is that in Russian you use intotanion to stress that part ot the question you are particularly interrested in. If you know he'll be giving a speach on friday, but you are not sure whether he will be on TV or radio, you'll stress «&lt;strong&gt;по телевизору&lt;/strong&gt;». If you are sure that your father will be on TV, but you're not sure when, you'll stress «&lt;strong&gt;в пятницу&lt;/strong&gt;». In english you'll have to restructure your sentence: “Is it friday when our father will be on TV?”, while in Russian it is not necessary you just change your intonation. Although you can choose a different structure if you wish: «В пятницу ли наш папа выступает по телевизору?» and in this case intonation doesn't matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Update&lt;/em&gt;. And one more thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While you definitely can use intonations it might be a better idea to restructure your question and put the most relevant part closer to the end. It's not only easier for a non-russian speaker but it also sounds better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мама, наш папа выступает по телевизору &lt;strong&gt;в пятницу&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мама, наш папа выступает в пятницу &lt;strong&gt;по телевизору&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мама, в пятницу по телевизору выступает &lt;strong&gt;наш&lt;/strong&gt; папа?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мама, в пятницу по телевизору выступает наш &lt;strong&gt;папа&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1717" LastEditorUserId="1717" LastEditDate="2013-05-29T10:17:25.663" LastActivityDate="2013-05-29T10:17:25.663" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2280" CreationDate="2013-05-28T13:06:39.120" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me give you a more detailed answer to your second question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note: I used another sentence in my examples below because I need more verbs and I can't think of  other things you can do with salsa.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentence is «Ты тоже чинишь телефоны?» (“Do you repair phones too?”). Right now it means “like somebody else”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use «и» instead of «тоже» to get some freedom with its placing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«И ты чинишь телефоны?» works for your “like somebody else” case.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«Ты чинишь и телефоны?» — “as well as TVs”.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You know that someone sells phones but now you are surprised to learn that he can also repair them: «Ты и чинишь телефоны?».&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1717" LastActivityDate="2013-05-28T13:06:39.120" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2280" CreationDate="2013-05-28T15:26:25.180" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тоже&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;also,&amp;quot; &lt;em&gt;также&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;similarly,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;the same way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты тоже танцуешь сальсу? = Do you (in addition to someone else) also dance salsa?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты также танцуешь сальсу? = Do you dance salsa the same way as I do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты тоже танцуешь сальсу? = Do you (in addition to someone else) also dance salsa?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тоже ты танцуешь сальсу? - Is it also you who dances salsa? (This word order is slightly incorrect; better word order would be &amp;quot;Сальсу тоже ты танцуешь?&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты танцуешь тоже сальсу? = Is it salsa that you dance as I do, or some other dance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2020-10-31T21:33:22.757" LastActivityDate="2020-10-31T21:33:22.757" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2280" CreationDate="2013-05-28T17:13:31.813" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тоже&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;также&lt;/em&gt; very roughly correspond to English &amp;quot;too&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;as well&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тоже&lt;/em&gt; is a thematic (topical) adverb, &lt;em&gt;также&lt;/em&gt; is rhematic (commentary).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тоже&lt;/em&gt; means that the comment on the topic of the previous sentence also applies to the topic of the new one (topic switch).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Также&lt;/em&gt; means that another comment also applies to the topic of the previous sentence (comment addition).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not always possible to say exactly which is which in a statement, so sometimes the two could be used intechangeably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your examples, if the statement was:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он танцует сальсу (He dances Salsa)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, with &amp;quot;him&amp;quot; as a topic and &amp;quot;dancing Salsa&amp;quot; as a comment, the following questions are possible:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты тоже танцуешь сальсу? (&amp;quot;as for dancing Salsa, do you, the new topic of the sentence, do this too?&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он также танцует танго? (&amp;quot;expanding the topic of his dancing abilities, does he do Tango as well?&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ты тоже танцуешь сальсу?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Тоже ты танцуешь сальсу?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ты танцуешь тоже сальсу?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence means &amp;quot;(while someone else is dancing Salsa) are you dancing Salsa too?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As &lt;em&gt;тоже&lt;/em&gt; should follow the topic, it cannot be the first word in a sentence (except for the idioms like &lt;em&gt;тоже мне&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The third sentence implies that the topic is &amp;quot;dancing&amp;quot;, so theoretically the following conversation could occur:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Он танцует сальсу, но я не пойму, что танцуешь ты. Ты танцуешь тоже сальсу? (&amp;quot;He dances Salsa, but I can't understand what is what you are dancing. Is it Salsa too, the thing you're dancing?&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What should I have asked?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should have defined the topic first before switching it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Asked outside context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы тоже русские?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means &amp;quot;Are you Russians too?&amp;quot; with an implication of switching the topic. As the only possible previous topic was yourself, the asker, this would imply you were a Russian too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would work better:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А вы все русские? (&amp;quot;Are you all Russians?&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-05-28T17:13:31.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="91" CreationDate="2013-05-30T06:40:49.540" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most of us have как минимум a passive knowledge of Russian; that is to say, nearly everyone will at least understand what you're saying. Since the mid-2000's, schools have changed the status of Russian from a language required from grade one onward to an optional foreign language beginning in grade seven. The youngest generation now primarily learns Russian from listening to music, watching TV (especially movies), and hearing &quot;street Russian&quot; in Tbilisi; therefore, their speech tends to be more colloquial and they tend to make more mistakes than the older generations. However, since this change happened so recently, virtually all Georgians you'll meet who are in their mid-20's onwards will be well-schooled in Russian and will speak in a perfectly intelligible manner. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, a working knowledge of Russian вам хватит в Грузии. I'd still learn a few words of Georgian if I were you, because there's nothing we Georgians find more delightful (and surprising!) than a foreigner who knows a word or two of our language! Some words you can try are: მადლობა (&lt;strong&gt;mad&lt;/strong&gt;-lo-ba) meaning &quot;thank you&quot; and გაუმარჯოს ბატონო X (&lt;strong&gt;ga&lt;/strong&gt;-u-mar-jos &lt;strong&gt;ba&lt;/strong&gt;-to-no) meaning &quot;Hello Mr. X&quot;. Note that the equivalent for a woman would be ქალბატონო (&lt;strong&gt;kal&lt;/strong&gt;-ba-to-no) and that in both cases you should address the person by first name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;получайте удовольствие!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1726" LastEditorUserId="1726" LastEditDate="2013-05-30T07:47:45.753" LastActivityDate="2013-05-30T07:47:45.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="208" CreationDate="2013-05-30T07:15:44.123" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used to visit Ukraine often for business, and have never had to speak Ukrainian for the simple reason that most natives (at least in the major cities) speak Russian fluently. I've had exposure to Ukrainian in only two ways: legal documents (which I always end up asking my friends to translate for me) and talking to some non-Russophone locals en route from Kiev to Kharkov. In both cases, I noticed that a lot of the more &quot;educated&quot; or technical vocabulary was borrowed directly from Russian, but that much of the basic everyday vocabulary seemed very alien. Moreover, spoken Ukrainian sounded very strange to my ears, although I could understand clusters of words here and there. I felt much like an English speaker trying to understand German.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1726" LastActivityDate="2013-05-30T07:15:44.123" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2291" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2294" CreationDate="2013-05-30T15:03:56.190" Score="6" ViewCount="259" Body="&lt;p&gt;По идее, &quot;в сервисе&quot; кажется правильным вариантом, поскольку подразумевает место внутри помещения, в то время как второй вариант интуитивно указывает место на крыше сервиса.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если это так, то почему тогда правильно будет &quot;холодильник стоит на кухне&quot;, а не &quot;в кухне&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли какие либо конкретные правила в русском языке, которые описывают данную дилемму?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1036" LastActivityDate="2013-05-30T18:39:30.540" Title="&quot;Мы встретились в авто-сервисе&quot; или &quot;мы встретились на авто-сервисе&quot;?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2291" CreationDate="2013-05-30T15:58:54.393" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;На кухне&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;в кухне&lt;/code&gt; - это &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search_answer/?s=%ED%E0+%EA%F3%F5%ED%E5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;два равноправных варианта&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;На&lt;/code&gt; не всегда означает &amp;quot;сверху на&amp;quot;, сравните:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Работать на заводе, на фабрике, на предприятии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Быть на концерте, на уроке, на выставке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выражение &lt;code&gt;на авто-сервисе&lt;/code&gt; звучит для меня необычно, я бы предпочёл &lt;code&gt;в авто-сервисе&lt;/code&gt;, по аналогии с &lt;code&gt;в мастерской&lt;/code&gt;, а &lt;code&gt;на авто-сервисе&lt;/code&gt; образовано по аналогии с &lt;code&gt;на заводе, на фабрике&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот вам ещё про кухню, Григорий Остер, из книги &amp;quot;Вредные советы&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если вы по коридору&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мчитесь на велосипеде,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А навстречу вам из ванной&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вышел папа погулять,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не сворачивайте &lt;code&gt;в кухню&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;В кухне&lt;/code&gt; — твёрдый холодильник.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тормозите лучше в папу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Папа мягкий. Он простит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-05-30T15:58:54.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2291" CreationDate="2013-05-30T16:10:29.297" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal et al., № 199.3.2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В выражениях &lt;em&gt;на почте, на заводе, на фабрике, на стадионе&lt;/em&gt; употребление предлога на объясняется тем, что первоначально понятия &lt;em&gt;«почта», «завод», «фабрика», «стадион»&lt;/em&gt; не связывались с представлением о помещении или здании: почта когда-то была на почтовой станции, на которой содержали ямщиков и держали лошадей; завод, фабрика, стадион могли занимать открытую территорию и состоять из нескольких сооружений (ср.: &lt;em&gt;в мастерской, в цехе, в спортзале&lt;/em&gt; связывалось с представлением о закрытом помещении). Употребляются сочетания: &lt;em&gt;на избирательном участке&lt;/em&gt;, но: &lt;em&gt;в полицейском участке&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;на полевом стане&lt;/em&gt;, но устарелое: &lt;em&gt;в военном стане&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;в агитпункте&lt;/em&gt;, но: &lt;em&gt;на наблюдательном пункте&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, the rule is ad hoc, you should just learn the correct preposition in the edge cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that those two prepositions may be used interchangeably in some constructs, like &lt;em&gt;на / в кухне&lt;/em&gt; which you have mentioned, and several others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/Rhp5v&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This graph&lt;/a&gt; shows how the usage varied in time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ljkR3.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i. e. &lt;em&gt;в кухне&lt;/em&gt; prevailed between 1860 and 1930; &lt;em&gt;на кухне&lt;/em&gt; after that time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Argots use non-standard prepositions in phrases like &lt;em&gt;на тюрьме, на больнице&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-05-30T16:10:29.297" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2291" CreationDate="2013-05-30T18:39:30.540" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется что &quot;на автосервисе&quot; - это скорее &quot;на обслуживании в автосервисе&quot; или &quot;на территории авто-сервиса&quot;: &quot;машина на авто-сервисе&quot;. &quot;Мы встретились на автосервисе&quot; - мы встретились, когда машины проходили обслуживание в автосервисе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А &quot;в автосервисе&quot; это скорее &quot;в помещении автосервиса&quot;, т.е. &quot;мы встретились в автосервисе&quot; - мы встретились в здании автосервиса.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2013-05-30T18:39:30.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2296" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2297" CreationDate="2013-05-31T16:20:55.320" Score="12" ViewCount="629" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native Portuguese speaker, I was told &quot;ж&quot; in Russian is pronounced like the Portuguese and French &quot;j&quot; (IPA: ʒ), a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_palato-alveolar_fricative&quot;&gt;voiced palato-alveolar fricative&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However according to Wikipedia the Russian &quot;ж&quot; is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative&quot;&gt;retroflex fricative&lt;/a&gt; (IPA: ʐ). Is this the only correct pronunciation, and if so, how incorrect is the approximation above?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1729" LastActivityDate="2013-05-31T17:04:05.357" Title="Is &quot;ж&quot; palato-alveolar or retroflex?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2296" CreationDate="2013-05-31T16:54:28.627" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia is right, Russian &lt;code&gt;Ж&lt;/code&gt; is a retroflex fricative (IPA: ʐ), and the sound sample they have in the article is exactly how it sounds in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you pronounce it like the Portuguese and French &quot;j&quot; (IPA: ʒ), you will be understood well, but this will add a foreign accent to your speech, I'd advise sticking to the correct, retroflex fricative variant. Russian &lt;code&gt;Ж&lt;/code&gt; (IPA: ʐ) can never be &quot;soft&quot; (palatalized), even when in spelling it is followed by the palatalizing vowels (е, ё, и, ю, я,), so &lt;code&gt;жизнь&lt;/code&gt; is actually pronounced as &lt;code&gt;*жызнь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Жюль Верн&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;*Жуль Верн&lt;/code&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian there is another phoneme, a long (gemminated) voiced palato-alveolar fricative (IPA: ʑː which can also be transcribed as ʒ:), which is normally spelled &lt;code&gt;ЖЖ&lt;/code&gt;, like in &lt;code&gt;вожжи, дрожжи, жжение, жужжать, можжевельник&lt;/code&gt;. But this sound is now substituted in the speech of most people by /ʐ:/, that is it loses its palatal nature, the tendency in Russian is to have all Ж-like phonemes non-palatalized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-05-31T17:04:05.357" LastActivityDate="2013-05-31T17:04:05.357" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2298" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2300" CreationDate="2013-05-31T19:26:51.823" Score="9" ViewCount="5477" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть ли в русском языке название для списка дел, которые предстоит выполнить, и, может быть, выполнить не в самое ближайшее время, списка отложенных дел? В английском языке, например, для этого можно использовать краткое, но ёмкое слово &lt;strong&gt;backlog&lt;/strong&gt;, одно из значений которого как раз соответствует такому накопившемуся набору дел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="441" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-06-01T07:31:59.057" LastActivityDate="2013-06-01T14:12:23.663" Title="Как назвать список предстоящих дел?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2298" CreationDate="2013-05-31T21:30:32.807" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;долгосрочная программа&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;долгосрочный план&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;намеченное&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;задания&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-06-01T14:12:23.663" LastActivityDate="2013-06-01T14:12:23.663" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2298" CreationDate="2013-05-31T22:16:53.983" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;В словаре &quot;Английский язык: вчера, сегодня и завтра&quot;, Брайан Локетт. «Русский язык — Медиа», 2005, значение слова &lt;strong&gt;backlog&lt;/strong&gt; описывается так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Запас, задел. Британцы позаимствовали это очень полезное слово у американцев. Буквально оно значит большое бревно, положенное глубоко в камин, чтобы поддерживать огонь. В Америке это слово употребляется с позитивным оттенком, таким образом, американский бизнесмен рад иметь &lt;em&gt;a backlog of orders&lt;/em&gt; (портфель заказов). В Великобритании же это слово приобрело негативное значение, означая кучу накопившейся работы из-за забастовок или других непредвиденных обстоятельств. В Америке радостно говорят о &lt;em&gt;a backlog&lt;/em&gt;, а в Англии — с кислым выражением лица. &lt;em&gt;It will take several years to clear the backlog of political asylum applications&lt;/em&gt;. — Потребуется несколько лет, чтобы рассмотреть огромное количество заявлений о предоставлении политического убежища.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В свете этого могу предложить такие варианты:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;невыполненные заказы / планы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;задолженность [по заказам]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;отставание [от плана, графика]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;незавершённая работа, незавершённые задания&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;накопившиеся дела&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;неразобранные дела&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-05-31T22:16:53.983" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2298" CreationDate="2013-06-01T01:46:11.463" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Задачи. &lt;br/&gt; &#xA;План (на сегодня, месяц, год).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastActivityDate="2013-06-01T01:46:11.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2302" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-02T11:53:48.203" Score="7" ViewCount="1166" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сейчас часто можно встретить рекомендации использовать так назыаемую счетную форму (давайте для примера рассматривать словосочетание «20 байт(-ов)»). На этом всячески &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search_answer/?s=%F1%F7%E5%F2%ED%E0%FF+%F4%EE%F0%EC%E0&quot;&gt;настаивает Справка Грамоты.ру&lt;/a&gt;, а другие источники обычно на неё ссылаются. Кроме того, я наткнулся на &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.philology.ru/linguistics2/krysin-04c.htm&quot;&gt;статью&lt;/a&gt;, в которой со ссылкой на «Орфоэпический словарь 1989» говорится:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Современный &quot;Орфоэпический словарь русского языка&quot; вводит понятие счетной формы &amp;lt;…&gt;, которое актуально для названий единиц измерения - существительных мужского рода с основами на твердый согласный.&#xA;  При указании количества какой-либо энергии или физической величины&#xA;  формы типа &lt;em&gt;5 вольт&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;10 ампер&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;100 ватт&lt;/em&gt; являются &lt;strong&gt;нормативными&lt;/strong&gt;; наряду с&#xA;  ними возможны и формы с флексией &lt;em&gt;-ов&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(выделение полужирным моё)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я уж подумал, что всё однозначно и следует использовать форму «20 байт», но не тут-то было. Институт Виноградова &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slovari.ru/default.aspx?s=0&amp;amp;p=2669&amp;amp;0a1=t&amp;amp;0p1=60&amp;amp;0y1=2008&amp;amp;0r1=False&quot;&gt;считает (сообщение № 22)&lt;/a&gt;, что:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;По данным &quot;Русского орфографического словаря&quot; (М., 2005), кроме&#xA;  обычной формы родительного падежа - &lt;em&gt;битов&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;байтов&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;килобайтов&lt;/em&gt; -&#xA;  существует счетная форма, которая используется в сочетании с&#xA;  числительными: &lt;em&gt;8 байт&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;16 килобайт&lt;/em&gt;. Счетная форма является&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;разговорной&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(выделение полужирным опять моё)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так как же правильно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1717" LastActivityDate="2013-08-25T09:25:19.127" Title="Счётная форма существительного" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2302" CreationDate="2013-06-02T12:52:49.257" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Аркадий Мильчин в своём Справочнике издателя и автора пишет о количественных числительных: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В изданиях для массового читателя рекомендуется в подобных случаях&#xA;  отказываться не от словесно-цифровой формы чисел, а от сокращённых&#xA;  обозначений единиц величин - заменять их полными наименованиями.&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Напр.: 20 миллионов километров, 500 тысяч вольт&lt;/em&gt; (6.1. Количественные&#xA;  числительные, с. 142).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У Артемия Лебедева есть &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.artlebedev.ru/kovodstvo/sections/84/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;статья о байтах&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В связи с этим статью в Википедии о счётной форме я бы посчитала валидной:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Счётная фо́рма — в русском языке особая форма множественного числа&#xA;  существительных, употребляемая в сочетании с численными обозначениями&#xA;  количества чего-либо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Например: восемь бит, двести пятьдесят шесть байт, пять килограмм (или&#xA;  килограммов). Но: количество байтов, избавиться от лишних&#xA;  килограммов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Для некоторых слов нет счётной формы, в таком случае для них&#xA;  используется обычная форма родительного падежа множественного числа:&#xA;  пять метров, десять литров.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastActivityDate="2013-06-02T12:52:49.257" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2304" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-02T16:37:31.483" Score="13" ViewCount="1565" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; in both of these sentences appears extra. What is it doing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Зачем мне насос? — ответил Гена. — Я &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; ртом надую.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And from another children’s book:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всех друзей я киселем вкусным угостила, не беда, что мне самой так&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; не хватило.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feel free to answer in Russian or English, I can read it, I just can’t write it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="967" LastEditorUserId="2311" LastEditDate="2014-06-25T11:20:02.243" LastActivityDate="2016-06-16T12:50:45.440" Title="What does «и» mean in the sentence like «Я и ртом надую»?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2304" CreationDate="2013-06-02T18:53:27.277" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the first case the closest english word I can think of is “even” like in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I can inflate it &lt;em&gt;even&lt;/em&gt; with my mouth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one is slightly more difficult. «Так и не» is often used as “never”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Её даже построили, но «добро» на запуск &lt;em&gt;так и не&lt;/em&gt; было дано. — It had actually been built, but the fire order had &lt;em&gt;never&lt;/em&gt; come.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This meaning actually doesn't seem appropriate in this case, but I (being a native speaker) interpreted it exactly this way. While writing my answer I realised that this is nonsense and the author probably meant something else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, here is my guess. «Так» stands for “thus.” «И» here doesn't have any special meaning. You can often find it in sentences explaining something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он молодой, потому &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; быстрый.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он молодой, потому быстрый.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These statements are essentially the same, but the latter one is more like a logical proposition, saying “He is young. As a consequence he is quick.” The former is more like an explanation: “He is young and that's the reason why he is quick.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure it's difficult to grasp. Maybe others, who know theory, can explain it better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1717" LastActivityDate="2013-06-02T18:53:27.277" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2307" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-02T21:14:44.773" Score="9" ViewCount="1208" Body="&lt;p&gt;Рассмотрим в качестве примера пару глаголов «везти — возить». Я встречал упоминания, что эти формы называются «Imperfective definite» и «Imperfective indefinite» соответственно (не знаю, насколько это правда). Допустим, я хочу добавить приставку «пере-».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я повспоминал разные глаголы и составил вот такую таблицу:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;плыву   плаваю      —   переплываю&#xA;бреду   брожу       —   перебредаю&#xA;&#xA;иду     хожу        —                     перехожу&#xA;еду     езжу        —                     переезжаю&#xA;везу    вожу        —                     перевожу&#xA;тащу    таскаю      —                     перетаскиваю&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как видно, в некоторых случаях используется первая форма, в некоторых — вторая. Такое впечатление, что вторая форма за основу берется чаще (я, кажется, знаю ещё одно слово, относящееся к первой группе, но не хотел бы пока его упоминать, поскольку с ним всё ещё сложнее).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему так? Чем это регулируется?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1717" LastActivityDate="2013-06-23T17:10:16.633" Title="Добавление приставок к глаголам перемещения" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2308" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-03T01:33:55.423" Score="2" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are пырей and перо somehow connected?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some material from PIE:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;pulos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; a single hair of the human body &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;poums&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; body hair &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;peumos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; adult (having hair)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;peuqs&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; tail (&gt; Eng. fox)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;peuros&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; wheat &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;putos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; vulva (&gt; Eng. pussy)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder cannot the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;peuros&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; for wheat derive from &quot;hair&quot;? The proposed derivation by Quassnoi from &quot;fire&quot; looks unlikely to me because the word for bonfire would be &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;pea̯ur&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, having another root (am I wrong?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, even if Eng. &lt;em&gt;feather&lt;/em&gt; is traditionally derived from &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;peta̯trom&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (a root meaning &quot;fly&quot;), why it cannot be derived from something like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;peutrom&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;? The etymology of &lt;em&gt;перо&lt;/em&gt; according to Vasmer is uncertain, but why it could not also derive from &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;peutrom&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or hypothetic &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;peuros&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;peurom&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;? If so, then it directly coincides with the word for wheat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-06-03T12:10:03.787" LastActivityDate="2013-06-03T12:10:03.787" Title="Are пырей and перо somehow connected?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2308" CreationDate="2013-06-03T03:20:07.517" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiki dictionary&lt;/a&gt;, &amp;quot;пырей&amp;quot; derives from a proto-slavic &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/churchslav/7034/%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;пыро&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;, which means among other things, &amp;quot;мука&amp;quot; (flour). Another word derived from &amp;quot;пыро&amp;quot; appear to be &amp;quot;пирог&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://luzhok.ru/magic/health/art2422.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наши предки не гнушались приготовлением из сушеных корневищ пырея муки, из которой пекли вкусный и полезный хлеб.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Our ancestors did not shun using dried roots of bluegrass to make flour, from which they baked tasty and wholesome bread).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so &amp;quot;пырей&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;flour&amp;quot; appear to be related.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-06-03T03:20:07.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2310" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2311" CreationDate="2013-06-03T08:11:01.173" Score="8" ViewCount="286" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English (at least American English), we have the term &lt;code&gt;&quot;legalese&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, which &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_writing#Legalese&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; defines as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Legal writing that is very difficult for laymen to read and understand, the implication being that this abstruseness is deliberate for excluding the legally untrained and to justify high fees.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most literal translation seems to be &lt;code&gt;юридическим языком&lt;/code&gt; (legal language), but that seems to loose the implication of being excessively &quot;legal&quot; or otherwise convoluted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this word appears to have made it's way into the French&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.babylon.com/definition/legalese/French&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and Spanish&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.babylon.com/definition/legalese/French&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; lexicons, I've yet to come across anything comparable in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1733" LastActivityDate="2013-06-04T11:08:15.780" Title="Is there a word or phrase that is comparable to &quot;legalese&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;заимствования&gt;&lt;terminology&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2310" CreationDate="2013-06-03T08:53:14.540" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the closest Russian term would be &lt;em&gt;канцелярит&lt;/em&gt; (officialese).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As defined by &lt;em&gt;Большой толковый словарь&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сухой, невыразительный, заштампованный язык (первоначально - канцелярские бумаги).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike legalese, it's not intentionally obscuring, however it is also excessively used in legal and official papers and may be hardly understood by people not familiar with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nora Gal defines it this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это – вытеснение глагола, то есть движения, действия, причастием, деепричастием, существительным (особенно отглагольным!), а значит – застойность, неподвижность. И из всех глагольных форм пристрастие к инфинитиву.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это – нагромождение существительных в косвенных падежах, чаще всего длинные цепи существительных в одном и том же падеже – родительном, так что уже нельзя понять, что к чему относится и о чем идет речь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это – обилие иностранных слов там, где их вполне можно заменить словами русскими.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это – вытеснение активных оборотов пассивными, почти всегда более тяжелыми, громоздкими.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это – тяжелый, путаный строй фразы, невразумительность. Несчетные придаточные предложения, вдвойне тяжеловесные и неестественные в разговорной речи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, thought it's not exactly the same, in Russian we have the term &lt;em&gt;крючкотворство&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Намеренное использование мелочей и различных формальностей для затягивания и запутывания судебных и административных дел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This may be applied to abusing language as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Натуральный канцелярский слог середины позапрошлого века. Взамен сюжета ― уловки тогдашнего крючкотворства. Скука смертная ― причем в буквальном смысле. &lt;em&gt;С. Гедройц. Арефьевский круг. Дело Сухово-Кобылина // «Звезда», 2003&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-06-04T11:08:15.780" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2310" CreationDate="2013-06-03T09:20:10.540" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, I asked a lawyer and she was almost sure there is no such word in Russian. I also tried direct transcription «легализ», but she's never heard it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1717" LastActivityDate="2013-06-03T09:20:10.540" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2308" CreationDate="2013-06-03T09:33:54.650" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Vasmer, &lt;em&gt;пырей&lt;/em&gt; (the plant) originates from a word akin to Greek &lt;em&gt;πυρήνας&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;kernel, core&quot;). The latter may have originated from PIE &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;paəw&amp;#x325;r&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;fire&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Перо&lt;/em&gt; originates from PIE &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;pet-&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;to rush, fly&quot;), and is akin to English &quot;feather&quot; and &quot;fern&quot;. The Russian word for &quot;fern&quot;, &lt;em&gt;папоротник&lt;/em&gt;, is also related.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would not say that &lt;em&gt;пырей&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;перо&lt;/em&gt; are related.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-06-03T09:33:54.650" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2304" CreationDate="2013-06-03T14:59:53.500" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To me they seem to be two different usages. In the former example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Зачем мне насос? — ответил Гена. — Я и ртом надую.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the particle &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; seems to imply alternatives: &quot;I don't need a pump, because I can &lt;strong&gt;also&lt;/strong&gt; inflate [whatever] with my mouth[, &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; possibly with my nose...]&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the latter example the &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; seems to hint at an omitted clause:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всех друзей я киселем вкусным угостила, не беда, что мне самой так и не хватило.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I brewed some kissel for my friends [but they ate all of it] &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; therefore there wasn't anything left for me&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Её даже построили, но «добро» на запуск так и не было дано.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;It had even been built, but [the management had changed their minds] &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; didn't give the go-ahead to launch it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastEditorUserId="1688" LastEditDate="2013-06-03T15:28:40.107" LastActivityDate="2013-06-03T15:28:40.107" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2315" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2318" CreationDate="2013-06-03T18:18:00.827" Score="9" ViewCount="798" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;Совет&lt;/code&gt; seems to always be transliterated in English as &lt;code&gt;Soviet&lt;/code&gt;. However, it seems to me that it would be more appropriately transliterated as &lt;code&gt;Sovyet&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this is the most logical variant as there are three syllables when &lt;code&gt;Soviet&lt;/code&gt; is spoken by a native English speaker, whereas &lt;code&gt;Совет&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Sovyet&lt;/code&gt; each only have two syllables. This also seems to more accurately reflect the Russian pronunciation of the word (as I understand it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm curious if there's something that I'm misunderstanding, or if this is just a result of some arbitrary difference between transliterations that has been simply been standardized over time, while some other words have not (e.g. tsar vs. czar).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ideally, I'd like to find the etymology of the word &lt;code&gt;Soviet&lt;/code&gt; that would include references to various historical usages and/or information about alternative transliterations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1733" LastEditorUserId="1733" LastEditDate="2013-06-03T19:21:22.283" LastActivityDate="2020-10-09T14:28:47.077" Title="Why is «Совет» Transliterated to &quot;Soviet&quot; in English Instead of &quot;Sovyet&quot;?" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2315" CreationDate="2013-06-03T19:50:21.683" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure of the etymology behind the English translation, but &lt;code&gt;vyet&lt;/code&gt; sounds kind of weird to us English people; it just seems more natural for us to use &lt;code&gt;viet&lt;/code&gt; instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1738" LastActivityDate="2013-06-03T19:50:21.683" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2315" CreationDate="2013-06-03T20:05:38.683" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The transliteration &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ye&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is only used in two romanization systems: &lt;strong&gt;BGN/PCGN&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Passport (1997–2010)&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both of these, though, use this version when &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The digraphs ye and yë are used to indicate iotation at the beginning of a word and after vowels й, ъ, or ь.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Romanization of Russian&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your case does not match any of what is being described here so no &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ye&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. The other systems use &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; but I've always seen &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ie&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to keep the original reading of the Russian letter &quot;Э&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep also in mind that the letter &quot;y&quot; is used to transcribe &quot;ы&quot; and it might explain why &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ye&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is not so used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastActivityDate="2013-06-03T20:05:38.683" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2315" CreationDate="2013-06-03T20:36:18.620" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before the Russian orthography reform of 1918, the word was written as &lt;em&gt;совѣтъ&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The letter &lt;em&gt;ѣ&lt;/em&gt;, though having long since merged with &lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt; in standard Russian, is pronounced as a long vowel or even as a diphtong in several Slavic languages (compare Croatian &lt;em&gt;Rijeka &amp;lt; рѣка&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was common to transliterate &lt;em&gt;ѣ&lt;/em&gt; as &lt;em&gt;ie&lt;/em&gt;, and some borrowed Russian words, especially those borrowed before the &lt;em&gt;ѣ-е&lt;/em&gt; merger, transliterated non-Russian diphtongs &lt;em&gt;ie&lt;/em&gt; as &lt;em&gt;ѣ&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Вѣна &amp;lt; Wien&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;индѣецъ &amp;lt; (American) Indian&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the word itself, it's a loanword from Church Slavonic &lt;em&gt;съвѣтъ&lt;/em&gt; which is a calque from Greek &lt;em&gt;symboulion&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;common counsel&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-06-04T10:28:15.700" LastActivityDate="2013-06-04T10:28:15.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2315" CreationDate="2013-06-03T20:38:00.300" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For every Russian it is obvious that “y” is pronounced «й» (Nyan Cat being an obvious exception), so “Sovyet” will become [сав'&lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt;эт], but there is no «й» in Russian pronunciation. I think that's the reason why they didn't use “ye”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, another option is “Sovet” but here &lt;code&gt;v&lt;/code&gt; won't become soft — [совэт]. That's also not really cool.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In “Soviet” [сов'иэт] &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; sounds really close to what it should be in Russian. That &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; shouldn't be there, of course, and there is also a problem with stress. But if you pronounce it quickly and stress &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; you'll get something similar to [совыэт] which is fairly close to the Russian pronunciation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1717" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-10-09T14:28:47.077" LastActivityDate="2020-10-09T14:28:47.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2322" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2332" CreationDate="2013-06-04T15:49:35.433" Score="9" ViewCount="1228" Body="&lt;p&gt;How common is drawing Л the way similar to Greek letter Λ in modern Russian?&#xA;Does it vary depending on region?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-06-06T21:27:57.973" LastActivityDate="2013-07-08T08:24:26.257" Title="How common is angle-shaped Л in modern Russian?" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;&lt;typography&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2322" CreationDate="2013-06-04T17:24:55.917" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well I've never seen it in printed media &lt;strike&gt;and I've never met a font using this shape for «л»&lt;/strike&gt;. I'm afraid it will be a bit difficult to recognise, but, well, as part of a logo it might be fine (I don't remember any logos with Λ though).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that it is more common to use it instead of «A» in logos.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update. Here are some fonts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.linotype.com/320105/itckabelcyrillicbook-font.html&quot;&gt;ITC Kabel Book&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.adobe.com/type/browser/landing/hypatia/pdfs/Hypatia_Sans_language_samples.pdf&quot;&gt;Hypatia Sans&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.paratype.com/pstore/fonts/Romul.htm&quot;&gt;Romul&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://store1.adobe.com/type/browser/pdfs/1952.pdf&quot;&gt;Trojan&lt;/a&gt; (famous for its appearance on every other movie cover)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1717" LastEditorUserId="1717" LastEditDate="2013-06-04T17:51:25.927" LastActivityDate="2013-06-04T17:51:25.927" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2324" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2326" CreationDate="2013-06-04T19:34:41.157" Score="10" ViewCount="3281" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that &lt;code&gt;один, два, три&lt;/code&gt; is equivalent to &lt;code&gt;one, two, three&lt;/code&gt; in English. But, I've also heard &lt;code&gt;раз, два, три&lt;/code&gt; used in multiple Russian songs from different artists, and I've seen this in several places online.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;German has &lt;code&gt;zwei&lt;/code&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;code&gt;zwo&lt;/code&gt; for the number two, with &lt;code&gt;zwo&lt;/code&gt; used primarily to make the #2 more easily distinguishable from the #3 (&lt;code&gt;drei&lt;/code&gt;) when multiple numbers are being communicated simultaneously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it's not clear to me whether this is the case with &lt;code&gt;раз&lt;/code&gt;. I wouldn't expect that there's much of an issue with people confusing &lt;code&gt;один&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;два&lt;/code&gt; for one another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I have the following questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When should &lt;code&gt;раз&lt;/code&gt; be used instead of &lt;code&gt;один&lt;/code&gt; (and vice versa)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What are the rules for the usage of &lt;code&gt;раз&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1733" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T11:58:39.973" Title="When to use «раз, два, три» instead of «один, два, три»?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2324" CreationDate="2013-06-04T20:09:33.143" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;РАЗ&lt;/strong&gt;, -а (-у); &lt;em&gt;мн.&lt;/em&gt; разы, раз; &lt;em&gt;м.&lt;/em&gt; I. числ. колич.&#xA;  =Один (при счёте). &lt;em&gt;Раз, два, три... Раз, два и готово&lt;/em&gt; (о том, что делается, совершается очень быстро). &lt;em&gt;Раз, два и обчёлся&lt;/em&gt; (об очень&#xA;  малом количестве кого-, чего-л.). II. в зн. сущ.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?bts=x&amp;amp;word=%F0%E0%E7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Большой толковый словарь&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead of «один» it's used only when counting. When you are counting objects aloud you will normally say «раз, два, три, …». While «один, два три, …» is also perfectly fine (though, sounds kinda officially), «раз» is used more often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure what is the reason, but my guess is that it is simply shorter («два» and «три» both have just one syllable, but «один» has two, so it's more difficult to pronounce in everyday life).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1717" LastEditorUserId="1717" LastEditDate="2013-06-04T20:24:34.857" LastActivityDate="2013-06-04T20:24:34.857" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2327" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-04T22:52:56.397" Score="1" ViewCount="342" Body="&lt;p&gt;When to use &quot;зарплата&quot; and when &quot;жалование&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-06-05T06:52:42.227" Title="&quot;зарплата&quot; vs. &quot;жалование&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2327" CreationDate="2013-06-04T23:42:57.160" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe &quot;жалован&lt;b&gt;ь&lt;/b&gt;е&quot; (not &quot;жалован&lt;b&gt;и&lt;/b&gt;е&quot;) is obsolete these days, so use &quot;зарплата&quot; unless you're writing an historical novel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The words have different connotations too. Жалованье comes from an act of charity or benevolence; зарплата (&lt;b&gt;зар&lt;/b&gt;аботная &lt;b&gt;плата&lt;/b&gt;) is pay for work performed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastEditorUserId="1688" LastEditDate="2013-06-04T23:50:08.097" LastActivityDate="2013-06-04T23:50:08.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2327" CreationDate="2013-06-05T01:13:16.987" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;жалованье&lt;/strong&gt; is really outdated although you can use it in humorous way. The word &lt;strong&gt;зарплата&lt;/strong&gt; is contemporary but not official one, it should not be used in legal or official documents - use the word &lt;strong&gt;оклад&lt;/strong&gt; instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is another word, &lt;strong&gt;получка&lt;/strong&gt;, which means the fact of getting the pay in hands. Back in a day when &lt;strong&gt;получка&lt;/strong&gt; was happening at fairly large enterprises (state steel factory, for example) that usually meant sharp increase in alcohol sales in vicinity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1670" LastEditorUserId="1670" LastEditDate="2013-06-05T04:24:44.187" LastActivityDate="2013-06-05T04:24:44.187" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2327" CreationDate="2013-06-05T06:52:42.227" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As others have already noted the word &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;жалованье&lt;/a&gt; is outdated. Historically this word was officially used in pre-Soviet Russia (in nineteenth cent as a name of a salary of people that &lt;em&gt;worked for government&lt;/em&gt; (officials, soldiers, police, etc.), so even today most people couldn't call their wages as 'жалованье' anyway. During early Soviet times this word was also used by people that used to it (you may encounter it when reading Bulgakov novels, for instance), but it was no longer officially used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Talking about Bulgakov we can also recall the &quot;Иван Васильевич меняет профессию&quot; movie when one of the characters says &quot;Жалую тебе шубу с царского плеча&quot;. This shows that жалованье could be not only in monetary form, but also in form of different gifts and preferences. Also this is the phrase that most people associate with word &lt;em&gt;жалованье&lt;/em&gt; nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for зарплата - this is informal short form of official term &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;заработная плата&lt;/a&gt;. This is a general term that describes monetary reward for an employee for the job performed, but the 'legal' name for such reward may vary depending on type of a contract. For example &lt;em&gt;оклад&lt;/em&gt; usually means that an employee receives fixed payment every month, &lt;em&gt;почасовая оплата&lt;/em&gt; if an employee's reward is based on how many hours they worked etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2013-06-05T06:52:42.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2322" CreationDate="2013-06-05T07:26:18.017" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short: angle-shaped Л is common to texts written by the hand (handwriting and block letters). In fact non-angle-shaped Л is not used at all in such cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For printed fonts non-angle-shaped Л is common (roughly 90% vs 10%), though it may be used for artistic effect or to add classic-style flavor to the text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually angle-shaped Л is always used when you write block letters by the hand. It is because it is much simple to draw. (In fact, maybe this is the reason why &quot;hand written&quot; MS Comic Sans font looks unnatural to me, because they use Л instead of anlge-shaped letter).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is how the children are taught to write this letter (taken from &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1552/why-does-italic-%D1%82-look-like-m/1554&quot;&gt;question about italic т&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ixnIl.png&quot; alt=&quot;Школьные прописи&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian Wikipedia states that current non-angular shape of the letter was first introduced &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;back in 1840&lt;/a&gt; and later become very popular in Russian typographics. Though in many artistic fonts the angular-shaped letter is still used. For expample &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.artlebedev.ru/kovodstvo/business-lynch/2013/03/18/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; you can see the titles of Petersburg subway stations. Most of them use the angle-shaped letter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a post about &lt;a href=&quot;http://kak.ru/columns/typexperience/a11450/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;shapes of Л&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;em&gt;Юрий Гордон&lt;/em&gt;, the author of the book &lt;em&gt;Книга про буквы от Аа до Яя&lt;/em&gt;. It is interesting to note that in most fonts when the angle-shaped Л is used, then Д also has such form. And when Л is more like П then Д also has similar form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for printed media - some academic books use fonts with angle-shaped letter, for example &quot;Литературные памятники&quot; series that was established back in 1951. Here is an example of covers of books printed in 2012, 1983 and 2011 (last one is from some other series):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/U1XAT.jpg&quot; height=&quot;200&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5hpDV.jpg&quot; height=&quot;200&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/C064A.jpg&quot; height=&quot;200&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As seen in the street:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XvToh.jpg&quot; height=&quot;200&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eG1sJ.png&quot; height=&quot;200&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Rzzys.png&quot; height=&quot;200&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7ET3z.png&quot; height=&quot;200&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fonts with such letter were popular back in 50-s (because of Constructionism art movement that preferred simple geometric forms), so you can frequently see it on objects created in those times, or ones that have retro-design:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hAWv1.jpg&quot; height=&quot;200&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vaJgd.jpg&quot; height=&quot;200&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2013-07-08T08:24:26.257" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2333" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2335" CreationDate="2013-06-05T18:28:31.470" Score="4" ViewCount="424" Body="&lt;p&gt;How I should translate phrases like these ones into Russian if I want to avoid simple transliterations from English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1710" LastActivityDate="2013-06-06T05:44:47.653" Title="Phrases like «fan-made book», «fan-art» and «fan-fanfiction of this fanfiction»" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2333" CreationDate="2013-06-05T18:55:57.330" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, you probably shouldn't try to avoid it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Фан-арт» is used extensively in Russian. Say «фанфик» instead of fan fiction (and it is declined as a normal noun, like «котик»). I don't know how fans call their books… you could use «книга, сделанная фанатами».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you &lt;em&gt;really really&lt;/em&gt; want to avoid transliteration, you should probably say «творчество фанатов», «фанатское творчество», «фанатские произведения». But I think you won't be able to translate “fanfiction” without using «фанфик» and without going into long explanations «произведение, созданное фанатами по мотивам…».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1717" LastEditorUserId="1717" LastEditDate="2013-06-05T19:01:29.243" LastActivityDate="2013-06-05T19:01:29.243" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2335" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2333" CreationDate="2013-06-05T19:40:24.157" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pushkin once wrote: &quot;Но панталоны, фрак, жилет - всех этих слов по русски нет&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Fan art as phenomenon widely spread in Russian culture during last 20 years and its form is inspired and influenced by Western culture. So, all these new and borrowed words are intensively used by fans themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, if you want to avoid and translate them to Russian then I think this what you'll get: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Книга, написанная поклонниками xxx&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Творчество поклонников yyy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Рассказ по мотивам книги, написанной поклонником zzz&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All these descriptions are rather long. I think in each particular case we may shorten the name if we look closer on each fan-artifact:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пародия на &quot;Звездные войны&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(Любительская) Постановка по мотивам &quot;Властелина колец&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Стихи о Бэггинсах* &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Анекдоты о Наташе Ростовой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*персонажи из книги Дж. Р. Р. Толкина &quot;Властелин колец&quot; (If the title is too short, you'll have to put some background information to the footnote).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But all these titles are missing the reference to the fan-art as a phenomenon. You can understand from the context that the book or a story was created by some other author than the original book/movie or that the author is not a professional, but you can hardly see that many people are creating their works based on these books or movies. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I don't think this kind of translation will give you any benefits, because fanfics have very &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;detailed classificaton&lt;/a&gt; (borrowed from English as well), and these фанфик, фан-арт, etc. words are nowadays are used even on news sites like &lt;a href=&quot;http://lenta.ru/news/2013/02/13/bastard/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;lenta.ru&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-06-06T05:44:47.653" LastActivityDate="2013-06-06T05:44:47.653" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2337" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2338" CreationDate="2013-06-06T07:40:15.003" Score="11" ViewCount="1862" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems strange to me that the numero sign (знак номера) &lt;code&gt;№&lt;/code&gt; is used in Russian, despite the fact that the letter &lt;code&gt;N&lt;/code&gt; is not present in the Cyrillic alphabet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not knowing any better, I would have expected something like &lt;strong&gt;Нр.&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;Н&lt;sup&gt;р&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to be used as an abbreviation; similar to &lt;strong&gt;No.&lt;/strong&gt; in English or &lt;strong&gt;Nr.&lt;/strong&gt; in German.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How and when was this symbol introduced into Cyrillic typography?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1733" LastEditorUserId="1733" LastEditDate="2013-06-06T23:15:49.573" LastActivityDate="2013-06-06T23:15:49.573" Title="Why is the numero sign (знак номера) ­«№» used in Russian when the letter &quot;N&quot; is not in the Cyrillic alphabet?" Tags="&lt;other-languages&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2337" CreationDate="2013-06-06T07:40:15.003" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only mention about the usage of this symbol in Russian on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numero_sign&quot;&gt;English Wikipedia page&lt;/a&gt; says this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Although the letter &quot;N&quot; is not in the Cyrillic alphabet, the numero sign is typeset in Russian publishing, and is available on Russian computer and typewriter keyboards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, according to the Russian version of the page (&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&quot;&gt;ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Знак_номера&lt;/a&gt;), this was borrowed from the French sometime during the 19th century. Here's the exact quote from Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Во французской типографике в XIX веке обозначался как &lt;strong&gt;№&lt;/strong&gt; (и был в таком виде заимствован в Россию); сейчас принято обозначение &lt;strong&gt;N &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;n &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;N &lt;sup&gt;os&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;n &lt;sup&gt;os&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; для множественного числа) или &lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, this appears to have fallen out of favor in contemporary French.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numero_sign#French&quot;&gt;en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numero_sign#French&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The numero symbol is not in common use in France and does not appear on a standard AZERTY keyboard. Instead, the French Imprimerie nationale recommends the use of the form &quot;n&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&quot; (an &quot;n&quot; followed by a superscript lowercase &quot;o&quot;). The plural form &quot;n&lt;sup&gt;os&lt;/sup&gt;&quot; can also be used.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1733" LastEditorUserId="1733" LastEditDate="2013-06-06T07:49:23.987" LastActivityDate="2013-06-06T07:49:23.987" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2339" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2342" CreationDate="2013-06-06T23:09:43.037" Score="4" ViewCount="592" Body="&lt;p&gt;Aside from answering your personal phone, are there any other situations where it is considered appropriate to use &lt;strong&gt;алло&lt;/strong&gt; when greeting someone?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm assuming that because &lt;strong&gt;алло&lt;/strong&gt; wasn't even mentioned in any of the answers to the question &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/2/when-is-it-more-appropriate-to-use-%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5-rather-than-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82&quot;&gt;When is it more appropriate to use здравствуйте rather than привет?&lt;/a&gt; that it's a very informal way of greeting someone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this is not as informal as I'm thinking it is, would saying &lt;strong&gt;алло&lt;/strong&gt; be considered a professional way to answer a phone call (e.g. answering a customer's call to a business)? Or, would this be similar to an in-person greeting where something like &lt;strong&gt;Здравствуйте&lt;/strong&gt; should be used instead?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1733" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2013-10-12T22:12:04.157" Title="When is it appropriate to use «алло»?" Tags="&lt;этикет&gt;&lt;приветствия&gt;&lt;formality&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2339" CreationDate="2013-06-06T23:45:58.730" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Алло» is very informal. «Слушаю», «у телефона», «у аппарата» are slightly better choices for a businessman (to answer a private call or a call from a partner), but still not polite enough to answer a customer's call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you call a company you'll normally hear «Здравствуйте. Компания такая-то…» or simply «Компания такая-то…».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general you can just use «Добрый вечер. (Иван Петров/Компания «Рога и копыта»). Слушаю Вас», that's always appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1717" LastActivityDate="2013-06-06T23:45:58.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2339" CreationDate="2013-06-07T03:52:16.403" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Алло&quot; is not a greeting, but a &lt;em&gt;ping phrase&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not a replacement for здравствуйте. You can perfectly well say &quot;Алло, здравствуйте&quot; and &quot;алло&quot; without &quot;здравствуйте&quot; will be impolite (like talking without greeting at all). If you have a bad connection, you can say &quot;алло&quot; several times to get a feedback or check if the other party is still connected, even in the middle of a call. I think it is appropriate for all phone calls but should not be used by an automated caller or responder, because they do not need a test phrase to get a response so to check the link.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usage is similar to &quot;ау&quot; in a forest :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note also that the more widespread form is &quot;алё&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-06-07T04:05:23.903" LastActivityDate="2013-06-07T04:05:23.903" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2339" CreationDate="2013-06-07T06:08:59.967" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Anixx already mentioned, &amp;quot;алло&amp;quot; is a ping-phrase. So it can be used when you are using any other phone-like communication device (e.g. entry phone = домофон) and you are not sure if anyone can hear you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алло can also be used when you are not using the phone, but still wish to check if anyone can hear you. However this is informal and sometimes may be considered rude.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, you want to buy a ticket to a theatre. You came to the cashdesk, but though the window is open, there is nobody inside. You are waiting for a several minutes, but still nobody came back. Finally you start 'pinging': Есть здесь кто нибудь? Отзовитесь!. Still there is no answer. Алё, меня кто-нибудь слышит?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example. You are visiting some institution with Soviet traditions (post office, bank, etc.). You came to the cashdesk, and though the cashier is there, she is talking to her colleague or a friend (it is very uncommon to see 'he' there). You understand that she is discussing details of her private life (how she spent the weekends etc.) and do not pay attantion to you. You start with 'Девушка...', she still talks to colleague. After other attempts to bring her attantion you start to say 'Алё, меня кто-нибудь слышит?'. But be prepared to hear an aswer like: 'Мужчина, вы что не видите что у нас обед?'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also this word can be used when you are trying to say that your opponent is insane, like &amp;quot;У вас все дома? Алё?&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However (I don't remember if I heard it myself, but it is also shown in movies or cartoons) very old people may use 'Алё' (as a synonym to 'can anybody hear me') without any rudeness or insult.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as a bottom line, in Russian 'Алло' has no any connection to 'hello'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples of usage from &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=fol1&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%E0%EB%E5&amp;amp;p=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;National Russian Corpus&lt;/a&gt;. 5 out of first 40 matches are showing usage of 'Алё' when people are not talking by phone. It is interesting that in most cases 'Алё' is used almost identically as 'эй!':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Булат Окуджава. Искусство кроийки и шитья (1985):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;― Але, ― сказал Сысоев случайному прохожему, ― тут, кажись, колоночка должна быть?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вдруг послышались торопливые шаги, и из-за угла вынырнул мужчина. ― Але, ― радостно сказал Сысоев, ― погоди, дорогой… Увидев нас, мужчина отскочил в сторону.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мужчина выпил и вдруг заплакал. ― Але, ― сказал Сысоев, ― что это ты? ― Письмо ему написать хочу, ― сказал мужчина, ― чтоб разобрался во всем…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сергей Довлатов. Заповедник (1983):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Затем приоткрыл дверь и скомандовал: ― Алё! Раздолбай Иваныч!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Затем сказал как можно более внушительно: ― Алё, кузен, пожалуйста, без рук! Я давно собираюсь конструктивно обсудить тему брака.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Александр Солженицын. В круге первом (1968):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алё! ― коротко окликнул прораб, ― и женщина перестала мыть и посторонилась, давая дорогу на одного и не поднимая лица от ведра с тряпкой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алексей Слаповский. Синдром Феникса (2006):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Смотри, милиция заинтересуется, в самом деле! Але, гражданин, проснись! Бомж проснулся, сел, протер глаза, увидел Татьяну и обрадовался&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Афанасий Мамедов, Исаак Милькин. Самому себе (2003):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Где подобрали и все такое… Але, дед, понял меня? ― обратился бригадир к Семенычу: тот, видимо, показался ему хитрее и несговорчивее меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that the use of &amp;quot;алё&amp;quot; instead of &amp;quot;эй&amp;quot; goes from phrase &amp;quot;Алё, гараж!&amp;quot; (I found several examples of its usage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russian_argo.academic.ru/132/%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91,_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Словарь русского арго, 2002&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://enc-dic.com/speech/Al-garazh-1389.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Живая речь. Словарь разговорных выражений, 1994&lt;/a&gt; and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;on some &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slovoborg.su/definition/%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91,+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;urban-dictionary-like site&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase seems to be a citation from extremely popular movie &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Волга-Волга&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; (released in 1938), where one of the characters, Бывалов, is an authority in small town. Still, he wants to be assigned on a position in Moscow and tries to show it in all posible ways. So, he calls to the so-called 'garage' and says: &amp;quot;Алё, гараж? Заложите кобылу!&amp;quot; (and everyone understands that it is not a 'garage', but in fact stables).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase in it's short form &amp;quot;Алё, гараж!&amp;quot; became an ironic way of addressing a person, and possibly it was later shortened to just &amp;quot;Алё&amp;quot; (at least one of the dictionaries referenced lists both as synonyms).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interesting information about phone etiquette in Soviet times &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/1Z9Mf6dmZeM?t=5m38s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;by Maxim Krongauz&lt;/a&gt; on Youtube (5:38 - 7:00).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-06-10T07:49:09.950" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2315" CreationDate="2013-06-08T02:35:27.680" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regarding etymology, as Quassnoi pointed out it is a borrowing from Church Slavonic, where it is in turn a calque from Greek. The word itself derives from two Proto-Indo-Europeam roots: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;com&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; meaning &quot;with&quot; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;u̯eq̆-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;u̯oq̆s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; meaning &quot;voice&quot;). So the literal meaning is &quot;co-voice&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-06-08T04:43:37.173" LastActivityDate="2013-06-08T04:43:37.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2344" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2347" CreationDate="2013-06-09T22:22:21.667" Score="11" ViewCount="785" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the root in word &quot;вынуть&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1759" LastActivityDate="2013-06-22T16:43:34.217" Title="What is the root in word &quot;вынуть&quot;?" Tags="&lt;словообразование&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2344" CreationDate="2013-06-09T22:42:05.967" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вынуть&lt;/em&gt; is quite a unique word.  There are multiple theories about its structure.  One of them states that it's&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы-ну-ть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;вы-&lt;/em&gt; - prefix &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;-ну-&lt;/em&gt; - root &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;-ть&lt;/em&gt; - suffix (or ending - depending on your favourite theory)&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another one states that it's&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы-н-уть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;вы-&lt;/em&gt; - prefix &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;-н-&lt;/em&gt; - root &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;-уть&lt;/em&gt; - suffix&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and that word вы-&lt;em&gt;ним&lt;/em&gt;-ать has the same root.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to yet another theory, this word does not have a root at all and only has prefix &lt;em&gt;вы-&lt;/em&gt; and two suffixes &lt;em&gt;-ну-&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;-ть&lt;/em&gt;-.  This theory was taught to us in school in 1980s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, there are loads of discussion on this subject - and specifically this word.  Search google for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;ie=utf-8&amp;amp;oe=utf-8&amp;amp;aq=t&amp;amp;rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&amp;amp;client=firefox-a&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;корень слова вынуть&lt;/a&gt; - and you'll see what I mean about theories. (I am assuming that you're ok reading Russian.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-06-10T06:56:43.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2344" CreationDate="2013-06-10T03:54:03.040" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Aleks G is right, there are many theories about the structure of this word. Here is the one I like most, it is connected with the history of this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the historical point of view, the root of this word is &lt;code&gt;-им-&lt;/code&gt; which, before consonants, has an alternative form &lt;code&gt;-я-&lt;/code&gt;. The reason for this alternation is the fact that according to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_liquid_metathesis_and_pleophony#Law_of_open_syllables&quot;&gt;Law of open syllables&lt;/a&gt; a nasal consonant could not be followed by a voiceless stop, like &lt;code&gt;т&lt;/code&gt; in the infinitive suffix &lt;code&gt;-ти &amp;gt; -ть&lt;/code&gt;, so the Proto-Slavic diphthong &lt;code&gt;*im&lt;/code&gt; before voiceless stops became a nasal monophthong &lt;code&gt;*ę&lt;/code&gt; which later in Russian changed into &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt;. Thus Old Church Slavonic had an imperfective-perfective pair of words &lt;code&gt;имати - яти&lt;/code&gt; (take), these words could be used without prefixes then, but in modern Russian only prefixed forms are used, and there are many imperfective-perfective pairs with the 2 forms of this root, &lt;code&gt;-им- / -я-&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;снимать-снять, внимать-внять, обнимать-обнять, поднимать-поднять, взимать-взять, etc. {1}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;code&gt;-н-&lt;/code&gt; between the prefix and the root is also due to historical reasons. The modern prefixes (which derive from prepositions) &lt;code&gt;в-&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;с-&lt;/code&gt; in Old Church Slavonic had the form of &lt;code&gt;*vъn&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;*sъn&lt;/code&gt; and this final &lt;code&gt;-n&lt;/code&gt; regulary reoccurs before vowels in modern Russian, both in verbs and before pronouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;его, but в него, с него&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By analogy this &lt;code&gt;-n&lt;/code&gt; is used after other prefixes and prepositions, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, taking into the account everything said above, the word, actually, had to have the form &lt;code&gt;*вынять&lt;/code&gt; with the imperfective counterpart &lt;code&gt;вынимать&lt;/code&gt;, fitting well the word-building pattern {1}. But for some reasons the morpheme boundaries inside the word shifted, the &lt;code&gt;-ня-&lt;/code&gt;, which consisted of the last sound of the prefix and the root, got contaminated with the single act suffix &lt;code&gt;-ну-&lt;/code&gt;, by analogy with the verbs &lt;code&gt;прыгнуть, вдохнуть, чихнуть&lt;/code&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian it is impossible to find the root of this word, but such explanation shows the reason for that and gives us the clue to where the root is hidden.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-06-10T03:54:03.040" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2344" CreationDate="2013-06-10T13:41:53.253" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no root in this word. It is one word in all Russian language that has no root. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;Вы - prefix&#xA;ну - suffix&#xA;ть - suffix&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/вынуть&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1761" LastEditorUserId="1733" LastEditDate="2013-06-10T21:38:34.617" LastActivityDate="2013-06-10T21:38:34.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2349" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2350" CreationDate="2013-06-10T15:39:00.197" Score="1" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am really puzzled here. What's the right way to say in Russian &quot;I have five male monkeys&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2013-06-10T15:47:20.533" LastActivityDate="2013-06-10T19:30:32.300" Title="&quot;У меня пять самцов обезьян/обезьян-самцов/обезьян-особей мужского пола/обезьянних самцов&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2349" CreationDate="2013-06-10T16:17:13.580" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd prefer 'обезьян-самцов'. Other possible options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'самцов обезьяны' - common (plural form of 'самец обезьяны')&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'обезьян-особей мужского пола' - technically correct but not used &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incorrect options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'обезьянних самцов' - obviously incorrect.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'самцов обезьян' - technically incorrect, sometimes used by mistake&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1755" LastEditorUserId="1755" LastEditDate="2013-06-10T19:30:32.300" LastActivityDate="2013-06-10T19:30:32.300" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2351" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2374" CreationDate="2013-06-12T11:29:46.067" Score="13" ViewCount="1445" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a song by Bulat Okudzhava &quot;Дежурный по апрелю&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ах, какие удивительные ночи,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  только мама моя в грусти и тревоге:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Что же ты гуляешь, мой сыночек,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  одинокий, одинокий?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Что же ты гуляешь, мой сыночек,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  одинокий, одинокий?&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Из конца в конец апреля путь держу я,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  стали звёзды и крупнее, и добрее.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Мама, мама, это я дежурю –&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  я дежурный по апрелю.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мама, мама, это я дежурю –&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  я дежурный по апрелю&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Мой сыночек, вспоминаю всё, что было.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Стали грустными глаза твои, сыночек.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Может быть, она тебя забыла,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  знать не хочет, знать не хочет?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Может быть, она тебя забыла,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  знать не хочет, знать не хочет?&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Из конца в конец апреля путь держу я,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Стали звёзды и крупнее, и добрее.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Что ты, мама! Просто я дежурю –&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  я дежурный по апрелю.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мама, мама, это я дежурю –&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  я дежурный по апрелю&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While I kind of understand the plot of the song, I still don't get the meaning of the phrase &quot;дежурный по апрелю&quot;. I've looked through all available resources and couldn't find the answer. Is it a kind of idiom in Russian? Or, perhaps, it was a common phrase with some special meaning pertaining only to the time when the song was written?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-06-12T13:34:21.607" LastActivityDate="2015-02-27T22:56:18.117" Title="What does &quot;Я дежурный по апрелю&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2351" CreationDate="2013-06-12T12:10:37.883" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Дежурный по чему-либо&lt;/em&gt;&quot; means a person keeping watch over something. Cf. дежурный по железнодорожной станции -- railway station attendant; дежурный по воинскому подразделению -- military unit duty officer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this verse the phrase is used metaphorically; the persona spends nights out, walking the streets, as if he were keeping watch over the month of April.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2013-06-12T12:10:37.883" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2351" CreationDate="2013-06-12T12:19:29.090" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not an idiom, it is an &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonce_word&quot;&gt;occasionalism&lt;/a&gt; coined by Okudzhava, it means &quot;the one responsible for April&quot;, &quot;the one in charge of April&quot;, &quot;the sentry of April&quot;, the overall meaning being &quot;the person controlling the bloonimg, the awakening of the Nature from the winter sleep&quot;, that's a great metaphor, created by an outstanding poet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-06-12T12:19:29.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2344" CreationDate="2013-06-12T14:15:42.740" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here one meets the phenomenon of &lt;em&gt;application&lt;/em&gt;. When root ends with the same phoneme as the suffix starts, then the both phonemes fuse into one. In this case underlyingly the root is -н- as seen from the verb &quot;вынь&quot;. But it was fused with the suffix -нуть-: &lt;em&gt;вы-н-нуть&lt;/em&gt; =&gt; &lt;em&gt;вынуть&lt;/em&gt;. Now one can consider either root or the suffix deformed by the process of application, or count the last root phoneme as belonging to both root and suffix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A similar process can be seen in &lt;em&gt;у-сн-нуть&lt;/em&gt; =&gt; &lt;em&gt;уснуть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;об-ман-нуть&lt;/em&gt; =&gt; &lt;em&gt;обмануть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;регби-ист&lt;/em&gt; =&gt; &lt;em&gt;регбист&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;такси-ист&lt;/em&gt; =&gt; &lt;em&gt;таксист&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-06-22T16:43:34.217" LastActivityDate="2013-06-22T16:43:34.217" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2344" CreationDate="2013-06-12T22:00:24.460" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rulit.net/books/kalejdoskop-read-74037-11.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Феликс Кривин&lt;/a&gt; утверждал что в глаголе &quot;вынуть&quot; исчез корень.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2013-06-12T22:00:24.460" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2356" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2358" CreationDate="2013-06-14T00:57:11.513" Score="6" ViewCount="1178" Body="&lt;p&gt;I once asked a native speaker what the difference is between выходить and уходить, and I was told that выходить means to exit in a general direction, while уходить means to exit in a specific direction, and that is related to why exit signs on transportation say выход. Recently another native speaker told me that there isn't really a serious distinction between выходить and уходить, and in particular that the distinction I was told before is false. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can native speakers here describe whether they see a difference between выходить and уходить, and if so what it is in practice?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2013-06-17T20:56:27.207" Title="выходить vs. уходить" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2356" CreationDate="2013-06-14T01:19:09.633" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Выходить&lt;/code&gt; is to &quot;go / come &lt;strong&gt;out&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &lt;code&gt;уходить&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;to leave, to go &lt;strong&gt;away&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, every dictionary has it like that. The noun derived from &lt;code&gt;выходить&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;выход&lt;/code&gt;, which is not only &quot;exit&quot;, but also &quot;a way out&quot;. The noun derived from &lt;code&gt;уходить&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;уход&lt;/code&gt;, which is &quot;departure&quot; and &quot;passing away&quot; (especially in &lt;code&gt;уход из жизни&lt;/code&gt; which means &quot;death&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, the difference between &lt;code&gt;выходить&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;уходить&lt;/code&gt; is obvious for a native speaker of Russian, it is best described as being the same as the difference between the English &quot;go &lt;strong&gt;out&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;go &lt;strong&gt;away&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-06-14T01:19:09.633" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2356" CreationDate="2013-06-14T06:28:07.387" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the distinctions is that &lt;strong&gt;выходить&lt;/strong&gt; implies possibility of return while &lt;strong&gt;уходить&lt;/strong&gt; usually means &quot;leaving with no return&quot;. You can say &lt;strong&gt;я вышел покурить&lt;/strong&gt; and that means that you gonna be back after the smoking. On the other hand if you say &lt;strong&gt;я ушел из этого клуба&lt;/strong&gt; that would mean that you left that club &quot;forever&quot; (of course you might return sometime in future but presently everyone believes you are not coming back).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes it can be confusing. For example, the word &lt;strong&gt;выход&lt;/strong&gt; can mean the process of appearing of actors on the scene in a theater. Which means, technically they are not leaving - they are, on contrary, coming in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1670" LastActivityDate="2013-06-14T06:28:07.387" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2351" CreationDate="2013-06-16T21:09:23.423" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just an addition to previous answers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although this is a possible association to дежурный that &quot;he spends nights out, walking the streets&quot; - to me the other aspect is coming to mind first. It is that April is synonym to spring and while many are falling in love in this month and loose their heads (теряют головы), he must keep his clear mind as person on duty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it is not physical aspect of him walking a lot, and literally not sleeping, but metaphorically while others go to dreams of love, he needs to stay awake and with cool head and pass this difficult place for him - place with the name &quot;April&quot;. He walks axis of time - not only x, y, z axes of space.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is what he pretends to be to his mom (a person on duty) but in fact, probably, he still cannot get over his love for someone (as mom says: &quot;может быть она тебя забыла, знать не хочет&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2013-06-16T21:09:23.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2270" CreationDate="2013-06-17T14:32:31.267" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are looking for the right russian word (especially for websites) that's closer to &quot;Legal terms / terms of use / disclaimer&quot;, use the russian word: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Правила&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every russian speaking person will understand this a lot better than &lt;code&gt;дисклеймер&lt;/code&gt; which is still an english word written in cyrillic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1190" LastActivityDate="2013-06-17T14:32:31.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2356" CreationDate="2013-06-17T20:56:27.207" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not so much about the direction. &lt;code&gt;Выходить&lt;/code&gt; has to do with exiting some confined space, like a room, as in &lt;code&gt;Выйди из комнаты!&lt;/code&gt; The space can be virtual as in &lt;code&gt;выходить из партии&lt;/code&gt; - leaving a political party. Another way to translate &lt;code&gt;выходить&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;to come out&quot;. That is why an actor's first appearance on the stage is called &lt;code&gt;выход&lt;/code&gt;.  The actor is coming out onto the stage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &lt;code&gt;yходить&lt;/code&gt; just means &quot;to leave&quot; or &quot;to go away&quot;, without any implication of going from an &quot;inside&quot; to an &quot;outside&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2013-06-17T20:56:27.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2159" CreationDate="2013-06-17T21:17:31.360" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are too many aspects here to answer briefly. Consider just one prefix, &quot;по&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Значение&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;с наречиями&lt;/em&gt;: словно, как, т.е. указывает на подобие. &lt;em&gt;по-мужски&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;с наречиями и прилагательными&lt;/em&gt; указывает на сравнительную степень.    &lt;em&gt;побольше, поменьше&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;с глаголами и их производными&lt;/em&gt;: указывает на завершение действия с полным или частичным охватом: &lt;em&gt;позавтракать, покончить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;с глаголами и их производными&lt;/em&gt;: указывает на совершение действия в течение некоторого времени: &lt;em&gt;покрутить, порубить, походить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;с глаголами и их производными&lt;/em&gt;: указывает на начало движения: &lt;em&gt;поехать, поползти, поплыть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;с глаголами и их производными&lt;/em&gt;: указывает на приобретение признака: &lt;em&gt;побагроветь, побелеть, позеленеть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;с глаголами и их производными&lt;/em&gt;: указывает на действие, произведенное в значительном количестве или объёме, одновременно&#xA;  придавая пренебрежительный оттенок: &lt;em&gt;понаехать, поразбросать,&#xA;  пораскидать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;... etc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(from &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE-&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/по-&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1779" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-06-18T13:19:37.467" LastActivityDate="2013-06-18T13:19:37.467" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2159" CreationDate="2013-06-18T17:31:24.060" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The semantics is defined by the both prefixes and words. Some words from your example allow to use any of the prefixes with different meanings. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- помазать (anoint) and размазать (smear) are 2 different actions&#xA;- побег (escape, runaway) and разбег (running start) &#xA;  are 2 different nouns which come from бег&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1782" LastActivityDate="2013-06-18T17:31:24.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2364" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2365" CreationDate="2013-06-18T18:50:08.257" Score="16" ViewCount="540" Body="&lt;p&gt;This has puzzled me for a long time. In Russian, we count objects in a weird way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Один камень&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Два камня&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Три камня&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Четыре камня&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пять камней&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Двадцать камней&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Двадцать один камень&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, the pattern repeats for every 1, 2-4 and 5-0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two interesting things here: the &quot;1, 2-4, 5+&quot; pattern is present in several slavic languages, but not in English. The other thing is special treatment of the numbers from 11 to 20 - many languages seem to treat the &quot;teens&quot; differently from the other tens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know the origins of such oddities?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1779" LastActivityDate="2013-06-20T20:08:54.020" Title="Special treatment for plural forms depending on number of objects - where does it originate from?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2364" CreationDate="2013-06-18T19:44:09.477" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Old Church Slavonic numerals didn't constitute a distinct part of speech, numbers 1-4 were numerical adjectives, numbers bigger than 5 were numerical nouns, that is why numbers 1-4 agreed in gender and number with the following noun, the noun being in singular after 1, in dual after 2, and in plural after 3 and 4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;єдинъ чловѣкъ (m.), єдина жєна (f.), єдино сєло (n.) - Singular&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;два чловѣка (m.), двѣ жєнѣ (f.), двѣ сєлѣ (n.) - Dual&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;триѥ чловѣци (m.), три жєны (f.), три сєла (n.) - Plural&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;чєтырє чловѣци (m.), чєтыри жєны (f.), чєтыри сєла (n.) - Plural&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Numbers bigger than 5 were numerical nouns, so the nouns that followed them were attributes in the Genitive case, and, naturally, in the plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пѧть чловѣкъ (m.), пѧть жєнъ (f.), пѧть сєлъ (n.) - Gen. Plural&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later, when numerals formed as a part of speech and the noun declension paradigms got leveled by analogy, the gender distinction of numbers 3 and 4 got lost, and the noun forms after numbers 2, 3, and 4 became the same (namely, always ending in &lt;code&gt;-a&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The traces of this old state of things which is reflected in the Old Church Slavonic examples I gave can be seen in all the modern Slavic languages, although the leveling went on in slightly different ways in each of them, for example in Ukrainian after 2, 3, 4 the Nominative Plural is used, only the stress in that case is the same as in the Genitive Plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-06-20T20:08:54.020" LastActivityDate="2013-06-20T20:08:54.020" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2366" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-20T22:49:10.343" Score="11" ViewCount="418" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &quot;Что ты улыбаешься?&quot; и &quot;Почему ты улыбаешься?&quot; or in some other similar cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2013-06-21T00:29:31.260" Title="Difference between Что and Почему?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2366" CreationDate="2013-06-20T23:32:02.950" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Почему&quot; simply means &quot;why/what the reason&quot;; &quot;что&quot; also has a variety of context-dependent informal meanings, including a mix of &quot;why/what for&quot;. &quot;Что&quot; may also introduce a rhetorical tone to the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, &quot;Почему ты улыбаешься?&quot; is always a neutral or friendly question, meaning &quot;What made you smile?&quot; The person who is asking is interested in an answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Что ты улыбаешься?&quot; may mean exactly the same when told in a positive manner, but it can also work as a rude opening, meaning &quot;You'd better not be smiling&quot;. The person who is talking like that implies that there's nothing to smile about and/or that the smiling won't make any good. In that case, there's even a more aggressive version of this question: &quot;Что ты лыбишься?&quot; (&quot;What the f*k are you smiling at/for?&quot;). In many cases you can't really tell is &quot;что&quot; &quot;why&quot; or &quot;what for&quot;, it is context dependent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Что&quot; in this type of questions will never be used in formal speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="971" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-06-21T00:29:31.260" LastActivityDate="2013-06-21T00:29:31.260" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2368" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2369" CreationDate="2013-06-22T06:52:20.540" Score="1" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;When is it most appropriate to use &lt;code&gt;без боли&lt;/code&gt; vs. &lt;code&gt;безболезненно&lt;/code&gt;, and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="278" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-06-22T09:57:07.157" LastActivityDate="2013-06-22T09:57:07.157" Title="When would you use без боли vs. безболезненно?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2368" CreationDate="2013-06-22T08:19:42.103" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;безболезненно&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;без боли&lt;/em&gt; have a similar meaning &quot;painless&quot;. &lt;em&gt;без боли&lt;/em&gt; is rarely used, usually with an infinitive or a noun in a header or a slogan:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Стоматология без боли&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как жить без боли&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Любовь без боли&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these cases &lt;em&gt;безболезненно&lt;/em&gt; can't be used. It requires a verb that means a short-term action. For example, you can't live &lt;em&gt;безболезненно&lt;/em&gt;, but you can die.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;безболезненно&lt;/em&gt; is common to describe a short-term painless action:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;безболезненно удалить зуб&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;безболезненно умереть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;без боли&lt;/em&gt; can be used in this case, but it will sound strange.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;безболезненно&lt;/em&gt; has another meaning &quot;smooth, trouble-free&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бесболезненно развестись&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;реформа прошла безболезненно&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;без боли&lt;/em&gt; can't be used in this case (but you can use &lt;em&gt;без головной боли&lt;/em&gt; in a figurative meaning).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;без боли&lt;/em&gt; also can be used as a form of &lt;em&gt;боль&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;расстаться без боли и сожаления&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case &lt;em&gt;безболезненно&lt;/em&gt; can't be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1755" LastActivityDate="2013-06-22T08:19:42.103" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2307" CreationDate="2013-06-23T17:10:16.633" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Одна из проблем, которая бросается в глаза: слева взято настоящее время глаголов, хотя стоило бы взять неопределённую форму. По пути от левого столбца до правого происходит подмена, изменяется суффикс или корень, и по неопределённой форме эта подмена более заметна. Если взять неопределённую форму, получатся такие слова:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;плыть, плавать, переплыть, переплавать, переплывать (переплывать можно реку, а переплавать — это слишком долго находиться в воде)&#xA;брести, бродить, побрести, побродить (взял другую приставку, иначе слова странные по смыслу получаются)&#xA;идти, ходить, отойти, отходить, отхаживать&#xA;ехать, ездить, заехать, заездить, заезжать&#xA;везти, возить, отвезти, отвозить&#xA;тащить, таскать, перетащить, перетаскать, перетаскивать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разные времена глаголов — это одна сторона вопроса, а разные корни и суффиксы — это другая сторона.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кстати, про приставки и совершенные виды. Меня в школе учили трём временам, но &lt;a href=&quot;http://language.ucoz.ru/str4.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;есть мнение, что стоит выделять четыре&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1789" LastActivityDate="2013-06-23T17:10:16.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2302" CreationDate="2013-06-23T17:52:12.340" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне как носителю кажется, что дело в том, что байты — это не количество энергии или физической величины, а объекты, которые могут восприниматься как по отдельности, так и в совокупности. Совокупность проявляется ярче, когда используются приставки кратности. 5 байтов — это допустимо, а 5 килобайтов — уже режет ухо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Химики измеряют количество вещества в молях, но с тем же успехом могли бы измерять в иоттамолекулах или иоттаатомах. При этом 5 атомов — это допустимо, а 5 иоттаатомов — нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1789" LastActivityDate="2013-06-23T17:52:12.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2351" CreationDate="2013-06-23T21:00:36.940" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like just to add to other perfect answers here that in the time this song was composed it was common in Soviet Union to have so-called дружинники (=&quot;народная дружина&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_People%27s_Druzhina&quot;&gt;something like vigilantes, neighborhood guards or citizen patrols&lt;/a&gt;). Despite the claimed &quot;voluntary&quot; nature of these squads, there were in fact not and every grown-up man was obliged to join them and to patrol the streets in his neighborhood during one night in 2-3 months. I remember my father to do it several times, and these night patrols were called &quot;duties&quot; (=дежурства) or &quot;duties for your neighborhood&quot; (дежурство по микрорайону). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as a native speaker of Russian and a person who grew up there I always understood these words as an allusion to these &quot;duties&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1790" LastEditorUserId="1790" LastEditDate="2013-06-23T22:48:01.903" LastActivityDate="2013-06-23T22:48:01.903" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2375" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2377" CreationDate="2013-06-23T21:12:25.833" Score="6" ViewCount="624" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мой навигатор (если это важно -- Navigon) в русской озвучке при завершении маршрута говорит фразу &quot;Вы достигли Вашей цели&quot;. С одной стороны, конечно, это логично -- достичь ЧЕГО? Но фраза &quot;он достиг своей цели&quot; звучит для меня совершенно корректно, однако я понимаю её только в значении &quot;достичь того, что хотел получить&quot; (например получить образование, построить дом).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Относительно места назначения я бы сказал &quot;Вы достигли Вашу цель&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что в данном случае является более корректным и какую фразу следует предпочесть?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1790" LastActivityDate="2013-06-23T21:48:17.970" Title="&quot;Вы достигли Вашей цели&quot; или &quot;... Вашу цель&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2375" CreationDate="2013-06-23T21:40:00.740" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;В данном случае, слово &quot;цель&quot; не очень подходит: так лучше переводить английские &quot;goal&quot;, &quot;purpose&quot;, или &quot;objective&quot;. &quot;Destination&quot; тоже подходит как одно из значений, но &quot;вы прибыли в пункт назначения&quot; звучит предпочтительнее, чем &quot;Вы достигли вашей цели&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastActivityDate="2013-06-23T21:40:00.740" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2375" CreationDate="2013-06-23T21:48:17.970" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Глагол &lt;code&gt;достичь&lt;/code&gt; непереходный, управляет родительным падежом, это отмечено в любом нормальном словаре, например &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ozhegov.org/words/7673.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;у Ожегова&lt;/a&gt;, ни о каком винительном падеже после него и речи быть не может, только &lt;code&gt;Вы достигли Вашей цели&lt;/code&gt;, это единственно правильный вариант падежа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К чему тут ещё можно придраться, так это к слову &lt;code&gt;Вашей&lt;/code&gt;, по-русски обычно говорят &lt;code&gt;Вы достигли своей цели&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-06-23T21:48:17.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2378" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-25T19:54:03.380" Score="6" ViewCount="577" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I started to notice that in some contexts, mostly crime-related the form &quot;раён&quot; is used instead of &quot;район&quot;. Although the words are pronounced similarly, they are used in different contexts and with different prepositions: &quot;в районе&quot; but &quot;на раёне&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anybody please clarify the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-07-26T19:45:57.287" Title="Usage of the word &quot;раён&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2379" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2388" CreationDate="2013-06-25T22:37:48.233" Score="1" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;I once gave a math lecture to students in Russia and stated a theorem that certain mathematical data that &quot;locally&quot; have no obvious relations are connected to each other by a single &quot;global&quot; relation (if you know math, then consider the Gauss--Bonnet theorem or the Hilbert reciprocity law). I commented that this single global relation is like the Force: это соотношение как Сила.  However, this sounds just like это соотношение как сила, so I suspect my joke was largely not understood. How would you distinguish between &quot;like the Force&quot; and &quot;like a force&quot; in a way that would be understood by anyone familiar with Star Wars even when the context has nothing to do with Star Wars? This is no problem in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked on Wikipedia and see that Сила has the synonym Великая сила. Is this alternate term the best way to handle my question? (Saying Это как Сила в Звездных Войнах doesn't seem like a good solution, since it is not concise.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2013-06-30T07:13:39.863" Title="distinguishing between &quot;a force&quot; and &quot;the Force&quot; in speech" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2378" CreationDate="2013-06-26T04:29:05.140" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a criminal slang. There is no difference other than that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's obvious that &lt;code&gt;раён&lt;/code&gt; is incorrect, it's only used to emphasis the criminality of the speaker. But even &lt;code&gt;на районе&lt;/code&gt; is sufficient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1376" LastActivityDate="2013-06-26T04:29:05.140" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2379" CreationDate="2013-06-26T04:47:43.113" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The film is not enough familiar to the students, so to be properly understood you have to mention the movie name:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это соотношение - как магическая сила из фильма &quot;Звёздные Войны&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the name of the force is also not established as a recognizable meme and many people do not know what was the role of the force in that film, so if you do not clarify that you mean the magic force, you may be understood as if you meant one of the opposing factions from that film.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I still do not understand your joke and where is the humor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-06-26T08:06:38.650" LastActivityDate="2013-06-26T08:06:38.650" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2302" CreationDate="2013-06-26T07:44:10.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ну тут очевидно же, что зависит от смысла: используется родительный падеж или счетный. Если говорится о конкретных объектах, то это родительный падеж. Если об абстрактной величине, то счетный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это устройство передаёт пять байт в секунду&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне эти пять байтов испортили карьеру&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-06-26T07:44:10.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2379" CreationDate="2013-06-26T08:37:17.097" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Star Wars series haven't penetrated in Russian culture as deeply as in American. So, in Russian language, difference between the force and the Force can be felt obviously in case of the phrase clearly referring to the some quote from the films, for example, &quot;Используй Силу&quot; (&quot;Use the Force&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to emphasize the importance of this relation in the context being discussed, you can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это так же важно, как гравицаппа для пепелаца&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It will be reference to the movie &quot;Кин-дза-дза!&quot;, which should be commonly known to the Russian students. I hope they will appreciate the joke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1305" LastActivityDate="2013-06-26T08:37:17.097" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2378" CreationDate="2013-06-26T10:10:50.857" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In many cases, mispelled word &lt;code&gt;раён&lt;/code&gt; as well as the wrong combinations &lt;code&gt;на районе&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;с района&lt;/code&gt; is used in an ironic way by the people who are not criminals or hooligans. Such writing and using of wrong prepositions are often used to emphasize IQ level of bullies/criminals, because there is stereotype that they are actually talking this way. Increased attention to the word &quot;район&quot; can be explained by the gopniks' catch phrases &quot;Ты с какого района?&quot; and &quot;Сидим с пацанами на районе&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To summarize:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;район - correct spelling, раён - incorrect&lt;br&gt;&#xA;в районе - correct, на районе - incorrect&lt;br&gt;&#xA;из района - correct, с района - incorrect&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1305" LastEditorUserId="1305" LastEditDate="2013-06-26T11:39:09.063" LastActivityDate="2013-06-26T11:39:09.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2385" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-06-26T12:00:32.507" Score="3" ViewCount="1050" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking for online games to improve my vocabulary and grammar, do you know of any?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="278" LastActivityDate="2013-07-01T11:42:47.467" Title="Games for russian vocabulary" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2385" CreationDate="2013-06-26T12:32:40.873" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure if this game is for beginner, but proposing anyway - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.naturalist.ru/balda/balda.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Балда&lt;/a&gt;. This game will improve your vocabulary.&#xA;The user can set the opponent's smartness level. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt; The words used during the game are shown in the list as hyperlinks to explanatory/spelling/etymological dictionaries (&lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru/%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%97/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;example&lt;/a&gt;). Though the dictionaries are Russian, but they say that the best way to understand the meaning of the word is to use native explanatory dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are the rules (from the site):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Правила игры в Балду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Играют двое (в данном случае Вы и моя программа). В середине поля, состоящего из 25 клеток, выбирается слово из пяти букв.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ваш ход первый - Вы должны придумать новое слово, состоящее из уже находящихся на поле букв и обязательно одной новой буквы, которую вы добавляете.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чем длиннее слово вы придумаете, тем больше очков Вы получаете.&#xA;  Одна буква - одно очко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Потом, с добавлением новой буквы, ходит соперник и так далее по очереди.&#xA;  Слова в одной игре повторяться не могут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Игра завершается при заполнении последней клетки поля. Выигрывает тот, у кого больше очков.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-07-01T11:42:47.467" LastActivityDate="2013-07-01T11:42:47.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2378" CreationDate="2013-06-26T12:53:23.167" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not a criminal slang (especially just the spelling &quot;раён&quot;), though it has &quot;criminal roots&quot;. You can hear many people speak like that - taxi drivers, street sales persons, workers, etc. Most of them are not well-educated, so they do not know the right way to speak. Of course the criminals are also not educated, so when you imagine how criminals speak - they will certanly use incorrect forms of words and language constructs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for spelling &quot;раён&quot; sounds exactly as &quot;район&quot;, so &quot;ё&quot; is used here to emphasize the incorrectness of the speech, especially in the expression &quot;на раёне&quot; (and most likely the person speaking so will spell it incorrectly).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &quot;на&quot; - this preposition is often used in argots instead of &quot;в&quot;: &quot;на зоне&quot;, &quot;на больнице&quot;, &quot;на тюрьме&quot; (see this &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/2291/%d0%9c%d1%8b-%d0%b2%d1%81%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%8c-%d0%b2-%d0%b0%d0%b2%d1%82%d0%be-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b8%d1%81%d0%b5-%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%b8-%d0%bc%d1%8b-%d0%b2%d1%81%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%8c-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%b0%d0%b2%d1%82%d0%be-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b8%d1%81%d0%b5/2294#2294&quot;&gt;answer&lt;/a&gt; by Quassnoi).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2013-06-26T12:53:23.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2379" CreationDate="2013-06-26T21:50:19.850" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Star Wars universe is much less familiar to Russians than Americans, so your joke would probably elude majority of students. Even if they recognized the reference, they would probably be not familiar enough with the properties of the Force to understand your point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if you insist on using a Star Wars reference, you could use one of the following devices:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Make an explicit reference to Star Wars: &lt;em&gt;это соотношение — как Сила из &quot;Звёздных войн&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Use the word &lt;em&gt;джедай&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;это соотношение — как джедайская сила&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Use the verb &lt;em&gt;пребыть&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;это соотношение пребудет в мире как Сила&lt;/em&gt;. &quot;May the Force be with you&quot; is commonly translated as &lt;em&gt;да пребудет с вами Сила&lt;/em&gt;, so when used like this, the meaning of &lt;em&gt;сила&lt;/em&gt; would be unequivocal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Use &quot;Yoda's hyperbaton&quot;: &lt;em&gt;Силе Великой соотношение подобно это&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the last two tropes can easily be mistaken for a grammar fault, especially if your Russian is not perfect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd suggest a more common topic for the joke. Maybe something like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Это соотношение связывает, казалось бы, огородную бузину и киевского дядьку&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Это соотношение как тайный ход: у вас кликнут, а у нас откликаются&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-06-26T21:50:19.850" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2385" CreationDate="2013-06-26T22:54:16.433" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some fun games on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianforfree.com/quizzes-to-learn-russian.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;RussianForFree.com website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to easy to follow courses, they have other interesting resources as well, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianforfree.com/music-videos-in-russian.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Music Videos&lt;/a&gt; (with translated lyrics)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianforfree.com/cartoons-in-russian.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Cartoons&lt;/a&gt; (with translations)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianforfree.com/comics-in-russian.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Comics&lt;/a&gt; (also with translations)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1733" LastActivityDate="2013-06-26T22:54:16.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2224" CreationDate="2013-06-27T08:19:05.373" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would also add that &quot;начну на флейте стихи печальны&quot; is not a folk song - it is a canticle (кант), so in contrast to folk songs you can potentially find the right notes for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for searching with Google - use search options to filter out the irrelevant results: add &quot;-mp3&quot; to filter out mp3's. Also try to specify file type that usually contains notes (for instance pdf: &quot;filetype:pdf&quot;. So, the search line for instance will be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;начну на флейте стихи печальны ноты -mp3 filetype:pdf&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, sometimes lyrics in such files may be separated by dashes, so maybe it would be worth to replace lyrics with song title &lt;code&gt;Стихи похвальные России&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As notes are often are posted as images - try to search for images: click on Images tab in Google search.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-06-27T09:15:28.913" LastActivityDate="2013-06-27T09:15:28.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2339" CreationDate="2013-06-27T10:20:37.057" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Алло, мы ищем таланты&quot; was a title of TV-show in the 1970s. The TV-show used to be quite popular and today &quot;Алло, мы ищем таланты&quot; is used as a name for all kinds of talent show competitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="256" LastActivityDate="2013-06-27T10:20:37.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2392" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2393" CreationDate="2013-06-27T10:32:36.727" Score="6" ViewCount="712" Body="&lt;p&gt;The relevance of aspect for the correct usage of verbs seems to be explained only for the personal moods of verbs (e.g. indicative), but what is the meaning of aspect for the impersonal moods, such as the infinitive or the imperative?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To clarify, whereas I can detect a certain difference between &lt;em&gt;Я открываю окно&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Я открою окно&lt;/em&gt;, I don't understand how one would choose between the two aspects in the imperative. Is there a difference between &lt;em&gt;Открывай!&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Открой!&lt;/em&gt; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I once asked a native speaker about this, and while they acknowledged the two forms to have roughly the same meaning in the imperative, they seemed to think the imperfective implied more urgency of the request. As an example, a person requesting access multiple times would say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;mdash; &lt;em&gt;Открой!&lt;/em&gt; (pause) &lt;em&gt;Открой!&lt;/em&gt; (pause) &lt;em&gt;Ну открывай же!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But somehow this doesn't quite fit in with my understanding of aspect. Similarly, for the infinitive, what is the difference between &lt;em&gt;Нельзя открыть окно&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Нельзя открывать окно&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1800" LastEditorUserId="1800" LastEditDate="2013-06-27T15:33:52.253" LastActivityDate="2013-06-27T16:42:07.087" Title="Imperfective and Perfective Aspects for Non-Personal Moods" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2392" CreationDate="2013-06-27T10:55:14.373" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, for the infinitive, what is the difference between &lt;em&gt;Нельзя открыть окно&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Нельзя открывать окно&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нельзя&lt;/em&gt; in those sentences has different modalities:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нельзя (невозможно) открыть окно&lt;/em&gt; - you are not able to open the window&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нельзя (запрещено) открывать окно&lt;/em&gt; - you should not attempt opening the window&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Physical impossibility to open the window only applies to result (nothing prevents you from trying), that's why we use perfective (state transition) aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Forbiddance only applies to a person (you can't forbid an openable window from being open, only a person from opening it), so we use imperfective (state) aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, with a positive predicative, this sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Можно открыть окно?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;may mean both &amp;quot;is it possible to open the window?&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;may I open the window?&amp;quot;, while this one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Можно открывать окно?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;may mean only the latter. It implies that the window had been closed for a reason which is no more valid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those subtleties of &lt;em&gt;нельзя&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;можно&lt;/em&gt; are so confusing that the use of the words is discouraged in Russian Army:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Товарищ капитан, рядовой Иванов по вашему приказанию прибыл, можно войти?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Можно Машку за ляжку, а в армии — &amp;quot;разрешите&amp;quot;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the grammar's point of view, it's impossible to tell whether Private Ivanov asked for permission to enter or for physical possibility, that's why the captain told him to clarify his question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-06-27T16:42:07.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2385" CreationDate="2013-06-27T22:48:53.357" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try a game of &lt;a href=&quot;http://mafiaweb.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;mafia&lt;/a&gt;. Conviencing people that you killed nobody will sure improve your vocabulary. Might be pretty hard, but after a few games of remaining silent you will remember all the mostly used expressions and will be able to learn more complex things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1801" LastActivityDate="2013-06-27T22:48:53.357" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2395" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2397" CreationDate="2013-06-28T12:21:41.177" Score="11" ViewCount="2582" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm studying the Russian language and I try to watch lots of Russian television series. Recently I have watched the comedy show Наша Раша and in a specific sketch a character Иван Дулин many times repeats something like the words: &quot;Вон оно чё&quot; or &quot;Вот оно чё&quot;. I have tried googling, but haven't found any answers. Does anyone have any ideas what those words might generally mean? When would a person use them? :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you for any help! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some examples I found: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вот оно чего Михалыч! Выйдешь ты сейчас в цех, а меня нет, ни у станка, ни в столовой, даже в Челябинске меня нет.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вот оно че Михалыч, мне давеча сон про тебя приснился. Идешь ты значит по цеху в красных труселях, все по сторонам оглядываешься&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1767" LastEditorUserId="1767" LastEditDate="2013-06-28T12:30:52.073" LastActivityDate="2014-04-18T13:35:57.237" Title="What does &quot;Вон оно чё&quot; mean" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2395" CreationDate="2013-06-28T12:56:21.717" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;чё&quot; is an informal version of &quot;что&quot;. &quot;Вот &amp;lt;вон&gt; оно что&quot; usually means expression of surprising.  See &lt;a href=&quot;http://phraseologiya.academic.ru/168/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE!&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;dictionary page&lt;/a&gt; for definition and examples. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1755" LastActivityDate="2013-06-28T12:56:21.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2395" CreationDate="2013-06-28T15:19:32.627" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @Riateche correctly pointed out, &amp;quot;чё&amp;quot; is a slang word for &amp;quot;что&amp;quot; - meaning &amp;quot;what&amp;quot;.  &amp;quot;Вон&amp;quot; (in this context) means &amp;quot;that&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;there&amp;quot; (similarly, &amp;quot;вот&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;here&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two - somewhat different - meanings this phrase can take.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is used to express an understanding of something at last, i.e. if somebody couldn't understand something for a while and then finally it dawned on them, it would be the right time to use it. The English equivalent would be &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;That's what it is!&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider this dialogue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Не понимаю, нафига тебе нужна эта штуковина?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;– Эта штуковина - это ключ от замка на моём сарае.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;– Вон оно че!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with its English equivalent:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– I don't get it, what the heck do you need this thing for?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;– This thing is the key from the lock on my shed.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;– That's what it is!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, the meaning of &amp;quot;вон/вот&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;that/this&amp;quot;.  In its second meaning, &amp;quot;вон/вот&amp;quot; is used as &amp;quot;there/here&amp;quot; and means, literally, &amp;quot;here's what&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;here's the thing&amp;quot;/&amp;quot;here's the deal&amp;quot;.  It would be used to express a level of certainty or authority at the start of a speech, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот оно чего Михалыч! Выйдешь ты сейчас в цех, а меня нет, ни у станка, ни в столовой, даже в Челябинске меня нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the deal, Mikhalych!  You'll come out now onto the machine floor - and I'm not there, not near the workbench, not in the canteen, not even in Chelyabinks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот оно че Михалыч, мне давеча сон про тебя приснился. Идешь ты значит по цеху в красных труселях, все по сторонам оглядываешься&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's what [it is], Mikhalych, I saw a dream about you the other day. You're walking along the machine floor in your red underpants and looking around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-04-18T13:35:57.237" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2399" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2400" CreationDate="2013-06-29T09:32:13.333" Score="2" ViewCount="418" Body="&lt;p&gt;Question: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to translate the below quote into Russian.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Can anybody help me ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“I'm selfish, impatient and a little insecure. I make mistakes, I am&#xA;  out of control and at times hard to handle. But if you can't handle me&#xA;  at my worst, then you sure as hell don't deserve me at my best.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is what I have:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Я эгоистичны, нетерпеливы и немного неуверенно. Я делаю ошибки, я&#xA;  из-под контроля, и порой трудно справиться. Но если ты не может&#xA;  справиться с меня в мои худшие, то ты уж точно не заслуживают меня в&#xA;  моих силах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the top part is more or less correct, however, I have problems with the last sentence ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1804" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-06-29T16:24:45.813" LastActivityDate="2013-06-29T16:35:36.827" Title="Translating a quote by Marilyn Monroe" Tags="&lt;цитата&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2399" CreationDate="2013-06-29T10:42:20.363" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although this site is not intended for translation requests, I'll try... Neither of the sentences is grammatically correct, actually. As well as my English =)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Я эгоистична, нетерпелива и немного неуверенна. Я совершаю&#xA;  ошибки, необузданна , и порой со мной бывает трудно справиться. Но если&#xA;  Вы не в состоянии осилить худшую сторону моего характера, то, чёрт&#xA;  побери, Вы точно не заслуживаете знакомства с лучшей.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, something like that. Please note that I am not a professional translator.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT. Official translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я эгоистичная, нетерпеливая и немного неуверенная в себе. Я делаю&#xA;  ошибки, выхожу из-под контроля и порой со мной трудно справиться. Но&#xA;  если вы не можете общаться со мной, когда я в плохом настроении, то не&#xA;  заслуживаете меня в хорошем. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С сайта &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.inpearls.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.inpearls.ru/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where did you find the word &quot;hell&quot;???&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="1329" LastEditDate="2013-06-29T16:35:36.827" LastActivityDate="2013-06-29T16:35:36.827" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2379" CreationDate="2013-06-30T07:13:39.863" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you say «Используй Силу», almost everyone will understand. But don't try to refer to the Star Wars in other contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I normally use «глубокий» in all situations like these. You can say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это очень глубокое соотношение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почувствуйте глубокую связь!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прочувствуйте глубину этой теоремы!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(and make a scary face).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At least you can be sure that everyone understands this, and your scary face kinda makes up for the missing joke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for «гравицапа» and «бузина» suggested in other answers, I wouldn't use those either, no one will understand what you are trying to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1717" LastActivityDate="2013-06-30T07:13:39.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2229" CreationDate="2013-07-01T02:40:45.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It was always here  and didn't become wide-spread lately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you are talking about is most likely near-image boards and Japanese (anime) -based &quot;десу же&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not far off from Chinese and &quot;Internet speech&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1808" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-07-04T13:28:29.720" LastActivityDate="2013-07-04T13:28:29.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2404" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-03T06:14:16.530" Score="-7" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как бы вы объяснили &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бродил ли он...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="278" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-07-04T08:44:35.840" LastActivityDate="2013-07-04T08:44:35.840" Title="Как бы вы объяснили &quot;Бродил ли он&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2014-02-26T15:43:14.583" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2405" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2406" CreationDate="2013-07-03T06:52:53.477" Score="6" ViewCount="801" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&quot;&gt;wiktionary page for gift&lt;/a&gt; on the fourth definition, the abbreviations &quot;мн. ч.&quot; appear, what do they mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="278" LastActivityDate="2013-07-04T18:11:16.187" Title="What do the abbreviations мн. and ч. mean?" Tags="&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2405" CreationDate="2013-07-03T07:01:57.323" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;мн.ч.&quot; is just a reduction for &quot;множественное число&quot; (plural form).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You also can find &quot;ед.ч&quot; there. It is &quot;единственное число&quot; (singular form).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1793" LastEditorUserId="426" LastEditDate="2013-07-04T18:11:16.187" LastActivityDate="2013-07-04T18:11:16.187" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2404" CreationDate="2013-07-03T07:53:50.953" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's rather difficult to explain this phrase without any context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One meaning of verb &lt;em&gt;бродить&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;walk around, wonder aimlessly, roam&lt;/em&gt;. Particle &lt;em&gt;ли&lt;/em&gt; indicates uncertainty.  And pronoun &lt;em&gt;он&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;he&lt;/em&gt;. Therefore the full phrase can mean &lt;em&gt;has he really been roaming aimlessly...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a completely different possibility though.  Another meaning of verb &lt;em&gt;бродить&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;ferment&lt;/em&gt;.  When, for example, you pour alcohol over fresh berries and leave the mixture to ferment, in Russian, word &lt;em&gt;бродить&lt;/em&gt; describes this process.  Therefore, taking into account meaning of particle &lt;em&gt;ли&lt;/em&gt; and pronoun &lt;em&gt;он&lt;/em&gt;, the phrase can mean &lt;em&gt;has it realy been fermenting...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &lt;em&gt;бродить&lt;/em&gt; is an imperfect verb, indicating an action in the process, not necessarily completed - and this affects the translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In either case, this structure is commonly indicative of a question, where the person asking is not sure whether it happened or not:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бродил ли он?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Has he really been roaming aimlessly?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Has it really been fermenting?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can also be used without being a question, usually indicating pondering on the subject and uncertainty of events:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бродил ли он - неизвестно.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Whether he really was roaming aimlessly is not known.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Whether it really was fermenting is not known.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-07-03T08:02:03.450" LastActivityDate="2013-07-03T08:02:03.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2404" CreationDate="2013-07-03T08:01:13.343" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Ли&amp;quot; has many meanings. In your example it's used as an interrogative particle in a direct question without negation (вопросительная частица в прямом вопросе без отрицания). More examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;◆ Далеко ли тут до беды? (И. С. Тургенев)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;◆ Занятий мало ль есть у ней: // Грибы солить, кормить гусей, // Заказывать обед и ужин, // В анбар и в погреб заглянуть, — // Хозяйки глаз повсюду нужен: // Он вмиг заметит что-нибудь. (А. С. Пушкин, «Граф Нулин», 1825 г.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Complete list of meanings and other examples can be found at the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiktionary page&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Бродил ли он?&amp;quot; has the same meaning as &amp;quot;Он бродил?&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;Did he wander?&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that if there are more words in the sentence, meaning can change. For example, it could be a conditional disjunctive conjunction (условно-разделительный союз):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Бродил ли он или стоял на месте, — ничего не менялось.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That can be explained as &amp;quot;Nothing was changed regardless of the fact that he was wandering or standing&amp;quot; (may be not entirely correct translation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1755" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-07-03T08:01:13.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2410" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2411" CreationDate="2013-07-03T11:35:36.940" Score="7" ViewCount="1010" Body="&lt;p&gt;Several years ago I have heard that the correct title of soap-opera &quot;Рабыня Изаура&quot; is &quot;Раба Изаура&quot;, though the translators picked &quot;рабыня&quot; instead. Though, I see that Даль lists рабыня, раба, рабица as synonyms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference in usage between these words (semantical, stylistical, etc.)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only example I can think of is &quot;раба божия&quot; (church term) vs. &quot;рабыня божия&quot; (never heard such expression).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Несколько лет назад я где-то услышал что сериал &quot;Рабыня Изаура&quot; по-правильному должен называться &quot;Раба Изаура&quot;, но переводчики почему-то выбрали слово &quot;рабыня&quot;. В то же время в словаре Даля раба, рабыня и рабица перечислены как синонимы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли различие в употреблении этих слов (семантическое, стилистическое и т.д.)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Единственный пример который мне приходит на ум это церковное &quot;раба божия&quot;, которое не употребляется как &quot;рабыня божия&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt; Хорошо, допустим есть только стилистическая разница. Как возникло это стилистическое различие? Возможно дело в происхождении этих слов?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тогда еще вопрос: есть ли различия в происхождении этих слов? Может быть слово &quot;раба&quot; пришло из церковно-славянского, а &quot;рабыня&quot; возникло позже? Можно ли это подтвердить или опровергнуть?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-07-12T13:52:37.450" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T14:58:52.993" Title="Difference in usage between &quot;раба&quot; and &quot;рабыня&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2411" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2410" CreationDate="2013-07-03T12:46:50.397" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Раба&quot; уместно звучит только в поэтично-пафосном контексте — упомянутая &quot;раба божья&quot;, а также, например, &quot;раба любви&quot;, &quot;я твоя раба!&quot;. &quot;Рабыня&quot; же — обозначения угнетённой женщины, можно и в переносном смысле.&#xA;Поскольку сериал про Изауру — любовный роман, то с этим, похоже, и связано мнение об альтернативной версии перевода, &quot;Раба [любви] Изаура&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastActivityDate="2013-07-03T12:46:50.397" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2412" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-05T13:02:14.230" Score="6" ViewCount="613" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Буран со снегом&quot;, &quot;метель&quot;, &quot;вьюга&quot;, &quot;пурга&quot; - What's the difference here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-07-12T13:53:49.550" LastActivityDate="2016-07-12T13:53:49.550" Title="How do &quot;буран со снегом&quot;, &quot;метель&quot;, &quot;вьюга&quot;, &quot;пурга&quot; differ in their meaning?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2412" CreationDate="2013-07-05T13:55:22.850" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;These words represent a sample of &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C#.D0.9D.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B5_.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;some fifty words used in different parts of Russia to describe snowstorms&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Метель&quot; is the official word used in meteorology,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Буран со снегом&quot; usually describes a snowstorm in steppes with falling snow,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Вьюга&quot; usually describes a severe ground blizzard with little or no falling snow,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Пурга&quot; usually describes a ground blizzard as well, perhaps less severe than &quot;вьюга&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastActivityDate="2013-07-05T13:55:22.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2412" CreationDate="2013-07-05T14:01:24.140" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Метель&lt;/strong&gt; is a starting point for all other terms. It is a name of a strong wind that carries snow horizontally, either picked from earth or the one that was falling but did not touched the ground. It is also used as a term in meteorology - all other words are expressed there as метель with different modifications (верховая, общая, слабая, сильная, сверхсильная, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вьюга&lt;/strong&gt; is a метель, but strong one. Most dictionaries define it as &quot;сильная метель, снежная буря&quot;. Wikipedia's &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C#.D0.9D.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B5_.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.B7.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;meteorogically-based article&lt;/a&gt; that &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/426/dasblinkenlight&quot;&gt;dasblinkenlight&lt;/a&gt; posted a link to, defines вьюга in such way: &quot;вьюга - сильная, как правило, низовая метель&quot; (this means that usually snow is not falling from the sky).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Буран&lt;/strong&gt; is also a метель, but happens in steppes. It conforms with the origins of the word - it was borrowed from people that lived mostly in steppes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;БУРАН. Заимств. не позднее XVIII в. из тюрк. яз., где буран — суф. производное от бур &quot;крутить, сбивать&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some regions it is synonym to strong метель, but in others the key feature of the буран is that it can happen even without falling snow - the wind just carries the snow from the ground with the clear sky. Looks like in your case &quot;буран со снегом&quot; is the latter case of usage of the word буран - it carries the snow from the ground, but &quot;со снегом&quot; tells that the snow is falling from the sky as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Already referenced Wikipedia article, however, tells that &quot;буран - сильная общая метель в степи при низкой температуре&quot;, this definition conforms with буран's first case and even states it is so strong that one can't see the sky through the flying snow. Anyway, most sources agree that this word is used mostly in Asian part of Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пурга&lt;/strong&gt; is similar to second case of буран - but it happens in forestless plains. It may also happen without falling snow and when the sky is clear. The word is borrowed from Finnish language and is used mostly in nothern part of Russia. The &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiktionary's definition&lt;/a&gt; of the word is: &quot;сильная низовая метель, преимущественно возникающая в равнинных безлесных местностях &lt;em&gt;при вторжениях холодного воздуха&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. This also means that the wind that causes this type of метель is always cold - colder that the general mass of the air. So, it is usual that someone describing the weather will use both пурга and холодный ветер in their speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note also, that you can use both &quot;сильная метель&quot; and &quot;слабая метель&quot;, but I can hardly imagine &quot;слабая вьюга&quot;, &quot;слабый буран&quot;, &quot;слабая пурга&quot; (and so does Google as well). All these words can only be strong: &quot;сильная вьюга&quot;, &quot;сильная пурга&quot;, &quot;сильный буран&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2013-07-05T16:23:06.460" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2419" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2421" CreationDate="2013-07-10T01:17:57.977" Score="6" ViewCount="469" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not sure what this means exactly. Can anyone help?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="1376" LastEditDate="2013-07-10T10:14:31.447" LastActivityDate="2013-09-05T08:15:49.833" Title="Казалось бы, при чём здесь это?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2419" CreationDate="2013-07-10T01:50:52.380" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Same: it's something that seems to be unnecessary/unimportant but in reality is necessary/important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although this appears to be a question to someone, it is actually a question to oneself. Usually people in Russia don't answer this question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an example of its usage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вчера врезался в машину. Во всем оказалась виновата птица. Казалось бы,&#xA;  при чем здесь она? А это, на вид невинное животное, влетело в турбину&#xA;  моего самолета&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry for my bad English if I wrote something that is hard to understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1832" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2013-07-10T06:00:46.377" LastActivityDate="2013-07-10T06:00:46.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2419" CreationDate="2013-07-10T04:27:45.683" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a rhetorical question that can be translated quite accurately (although a bit wordier than the original) as &quot;One might ask/wonder, what does it have to do with anything?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-07-11T08:47:43.513" LastActivityDate="2013-07-11T08:47:43.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2423" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2419" CreationDate="2013-07-10T08:13:34.600" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Bogdan correctly pointed out, a very accurate English translation of the phrase is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One might wonder what it has to do with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'd think what's it got to do with it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that while in Russian this sentence would normally be a question, in English it can be translated as both a question and a statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Individually, verb &lt;em&gt;казаться&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;to seem&lt;/em&gt;, however when use with particle &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt; (as in &lt;em&gt;казалось бы&lt;/em&gt;) it indicates that the following statement is unintuitive, totally unexpected, unnatural. However it actually is correct. Usually this following sentence (in Russian) is a question and it is further followed by an explanation of why this seemingly nonsensical statement is true, often starting with words &lt;em&gt;оказывается&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;turns out&lt;/em&gt;) or &lt;em&gt;на самом деле&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;actually&lt;/em&gt;) For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Казалось бы, при чем здесь это? Оказывается, эта доска еще вчера была частью моего забора.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;One might wonder, what it has to do with it?  Turns out this piece of wood only yesterday was part of my fence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Казалось бы, зачем строить дом в середине леса? На самом деле, имеет полный смысл: чистый воздух, тишина и никакой суеты.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;You'd think, why build a house in the middle of a forest?  Actually, it makes total sense - clean air, quiet, and no fuss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-09-05T08:15:49.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2424" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2426" CreationDate="2013-07-10T14:32:49.830" Score="7" ViewCount="725" Body="&lt;p&gt;I asked someone in Moscow what a suitable translation is for &quot;urban legend&quot;, and he said that байка would work (this person is young and didn't understand a literal translation like городская легенда). But he thinks байка is more often used for events that happened quite recently, say in the last year, and that isn't a constraint on the term urban legend. The Wikipedia page for байка doesn't suggest that there is a very narrow temporal constraint on its usage. Can байка be applied as broadly in time as urban legend?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-07-26T09:23:49.533" LastActivityDate="2013-10-15T19:24:17.517" Title="Translation for &quot;Urban legend&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2424" CreationDate="2013-07-10T15:30:31.583" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Байка&lt;/em&gt; - is not quite the same as &lt;em&gt;urban legend&lt;/em&gt;.  &lt;em&gt;Байка&lt;/em&gt; is much closer in meaning to word &lt;em&gt;anecdote&lt;/em&gt; (in its English meaning, not Russian) and originates from a Ukrainian word meaning &lt;em&gt;басня&lt;/em&gt; in Russian (&lt;em&gt;apologue&lt;/em&gt; in English).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While words &lt;em&gt;байка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;басня&lt;/em&gt; and  &lt;em&gt;выдумка&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;made up story&lt;/em&gt;) can be used, they are significantly more colloquial in their meaning. I don't think there is a word (or a stable phrase) analogous to &lt;em&gt;urban legend&lt;/em&gt;, but if I had to translate it, I would probably use word &lt;em&gt;миф&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;myth&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-07-10T22:07:31.177" LastActivityDate="2013-07-10T22:07:31.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2424" CreationDate="2013-07-10T19:15:24.277" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Городская легенда&lt;/code&gt; is 100% correct and corresponds to &lt;code&gt;urban legend&lt;/code&gt; exactly. &lt;code&gt;Байка&lt;/code&gt; can be any sort of story, urban or not, while urban legend is a very specific type of crocodile-in-the-sewers myth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastActivityDate="2013-07-10T19:15:24.277" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2424" CreationDate="2013-07-11T08:47:13.527" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say &quot;современные мифы&quot; or &quot;популярные мифы&quot; or &quot;обывательские мифы&quot;. &quot;Легенда&quot; is wrong in this context. In Russian легенда means a story, while the majority of &quot;urban legends&quot; are not stories, but some claims and rumors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-07-11T08:47:13.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2428" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2433" CreationDate="2013-07-11T09:05:08.833" Score="12" ViewCount="2843" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is widespread consent among grammarians of Germanic languages that there is no future tense in those languages. The idea of futurity is either conveyed periphrastically (often with modal or semimodal verbs, as in English &lt;em&gt;will/shall/be going to&lt;/em&gt;) or omitted altogether and expected to be inferred from the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That led me to think about the Russian language. We are taught in school that there are three tenses in Russian: past, present, and future. But it seems to me that Russian has the same problem with the future tense as the Germanic languages. However, I can’t find any authoritative sources to confirm this idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian doesn’t seem to have any morphological markers to denote a future tense. And if you look carefully at how a future tense is formed in Russian, you will see that we use present tense conjugation and we call it a future tense!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two ways to form a so-called future tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conjugate the auxiliary verb &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;present tense&lt;/em&gt; + infinitive form of imperfective verb:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я буд·&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; говорить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты буд·&lt;strong&gt;ешь&lt;/strong&gt; говорить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он/она буд·&lt;strong&gt;ет&lt;/strong&gt; говорить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы буд·&lt;strong&gt;ем&lt;/strong&gt; говорить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы буд·&lt;strong&gt;ете&lt;/strong&gt; говорить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они буд·&lt;strong&gt;ут&lt;/strong&gt; говорить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conjugate a perfective verb in &lt;em&gt;present tense&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я скаж·&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты скаж·&lt;strong&gt;ешь&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он/она скаж·&lt;strong&gt;ет&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы скаж·&lt;strong&gt;ем&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы скаж·&lt;strong&gt;ете&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они скаж·&lt;strong&gt;ут&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In either case, we use &lt;em&gt;present tense&lt;/em&gt; endings. For example, in the pair “&lt;em&gt;я пишу — я напишу&lt;/em&gt;”, the only thing that’s different is the aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, wouldn’t it be more correct to say that we really have only two tenses (past and present) and two aspects (imperfective and perfective) in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1839" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:22:26.643" LastActivityDate="2015-03-03T19:54:04.580" Title="Is there a future tense in Russian?" Tags="&lt;tense&gt;&lt;будущее-время&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="14" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2428" CreationDate="2013-07-11T09:27:47.533" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Future tense in Russian can be indicated by the form of the verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Будущее время глагола может быть выражено двумя типами форм: простыми (синтетическими) и сложными (аналитическими). Формы будущего простого времени образуются от основы настоящего времени глаголов совершенного вида с помощью тех же окончаний лица и числа, что и при образовании форм настоящего времени: приду, придёшь, придёт, придём, придёте, придут; услышу, услышишь, услышит, услышим, услышите, услышат. Простые формы будущего времени иногда называют также формами наст.-буд. времени. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Формы будущего сложного времени образуются от глаголов несовершенного вида и представляют собой сочетание личных форм вспомогательного глагола быть с инфинитивом: буду писать, будешь писать, будет писать, будем писать, будете писать, будут писать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russkiyyazik.ru/113/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt; (see more details there).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in your example &quot;Я скаж*у*&quot; the verb &lt;code&gt;скажу&lt;/code&gt; has the future tense. It can't be used in present. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1755" LastActivityDate="2013-07-11T09:27:47.533" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2304" CreationDate="2013-07-11T10:40:43.770" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’m native Russian, but I cannot say exactly what does this &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; means. As I see, it strengthens the expression. @kirelagin gave good translations and examples. In general, &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; used like this doesn’t need an &lt;strong&gt;exact&lt;/strong&gt; translation. It will be OK if you first translate sentence without it, and then just strengthen it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastEditorUserId="1836" LastEditDate="2016-06-16T12:50:45.440" LastActivityDate="2016-06-16T12:50:45.440" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="912" CreationDate="2013-07-11T11:16:03.080" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;to mention = говоря&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And to mention just one more of the catastrophic implications...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Говоря о ещё одном из катастрофических последствий...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-07-13T10:05:57.143" LastActivityDate="2013-07-13T10:05:57.143" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2432" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2424" CreationDate="2013-07-11T11:39:50.350" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Байка is a story, but &amp;quot;Urban legend&amp;quot; can be also a well-known &amp;quot;fact&amp;quot;. For instance one of such &amp;quot;facts&amp;quot; is that cactuses protect from computer monitor's radiation. Or if the bullet hits the tank with fuel it will immediatly blow up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The translation for &amp;quot;Urban legend&amp;quot; is городская легенда. I found only two &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=fol1&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E3%EE%F0%EE%E4%F1%EA%EE%E9&amp;amp;gramm1=%28sg%7Cpl%29%2C%28m%7Cf%7Cn%7Cmf%29&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=%EB%E5%E3%E5%ED%E4%E0&amp;amp;gramm2=%28sg%7Cpl%29%2C%28m%7Cf%7Cn%7Cmf%29&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;examples in Russian National Corpus&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Несколько девушек, видимо, слышавших городские легенды о распространителях вируса, колющих посетителей в ночных клубах, пронзительно завизжали. [Герман Садулаев. Таблетка (2008)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так, осененная всевозможными литературными байками, городскими легендами и родительскими фантазиями, дочь вошла в мир. [Владимир Арро. Дом прибежища // «Звезда», 2002]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, Wikipedia article entitled &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Городская легенда&lt;/a&gt; has a link to an scientific article that uses the &amp;quot;Городская легенда&amp;quot; in its title:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Е. В. Смирнова. Устойчивые мотивы сюжета «геопатогенная зона» в городской легенде (2010).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a newspaper article that uses this term:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.interfax.by/article/49737&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Городские легенды: чем пугают себя минчане&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I think that the term is relatively new, but it is used nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-07-11T11:39:50.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2428" CreationDate="2013-07-11T12:11:41.153" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I spent a couple of hours googling the Internet to find support for my observations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found an interesting book called &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books/about/Tense_and_Aspect_in_the_Languages_of_Eur.html?id=ZouSLQn6dX0C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tense and Aspect in the Languages of Europe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; on Google Books that answered my question .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some excerpts from it (highlights are mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;One, which is relatively unproblematic to ascertain, is the &lt;strong&gt;absence of inflectional futures&lt;/strong&gt;, which holds for all Germanic and Finno-Ugrian languages and for the majority of the &lt;strong&gt;Slavic&lt;/strong&gt; ones; as well as for some more peripheral parts of Romance and for the non-Slavic languages in the Balkans. Another manifestation of a slightly more elusive kind is the tendency not to distinguish present and future time reference in any systematic way at all, be it inflectionally or periphrastically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also notes that different grammatical ways of conveying futurity found in the Slavic languages are a relatively recent invention:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Similarly, there seems to be &lt;strong&gt;no evidence of any grammaticalized future markings&lt;/strong&gt; in Finno-Ugrian. Furthermore, the area may also originally included &lt;strong&gt;Slavic&lt;/strong&gt;. The different FTR devices found in &lt;strong&gt;the Slavic languages&lt;/strong&gt; are, like the Germanic and Finno-Ugrian ones, &lt;strong&gt;relatively recent&lt;/strong&gt;, with one exception: the use of the Perfective Present for future time reference, which, according to standard descriptions, goes back to Old Church Slavonic. However, there is good reason to doubt that this was a trait of Common Slavic. It is not in general found in the modern South Slavic languages, and there is some evidence that the link between the Perfective Present and future time reference was at least not fully developed in Old Church Slavonic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd like to expand on my above answer as there seems to be a lot of misunderstanding and discontent in the comments about future tense in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd also like to mention that I'm not trying to impose my view on anyone who prefers to disagree with it. It is indeed a very debatable question that can be looked at from different angles. If you'd like to read more about what should be considered tense, I think there are great posts on ELU &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/86812/whose-tense-is-it-anyway&quot;&gt;Whose tense is it, anyway?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/97075/when-did-periphrastic-tenses-stop-being-tenses&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;When did periphrastic tenses stop being tenses?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. The things discussed there can be applied to Russian as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was asked in the comments to add more scientific sources to my answer so I will try to do it below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a nice write-up on the topic by &lt;a href=&quot;http://babaev.tripod.com/archive/grammar33.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cyril Babaev&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The present tense had not quite simple usage. Besides its direct meaning as the present action, it could be meaning also future actions, because there was no simple future in Common Slavic. Usually Indo-European languages have some suffixes to mark the future tense: -s- is one of the most frequent of them, existing in Baltic and Hellenic languages, -f- is used in some Celtic tongues. But Slavs unified present and future, and any verb could be used in the forms pointed above and mean the future event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He then goes on to say that in the absence of future tense, the &lt;em&gt;aspects&lt;/em&gt; took on the role of expressing futurity:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Later Slavic languages, nevertheless, acquired a form of difference between future and present. The category of aspect (perfective and imperfective) possesses also the meaning of tense in Modern Slavic languages, and  imperfective verbs which denote the action which is still taking place go for the real present tense (Russian daju - I am giving, from Common Slavic *dajo.), while perfective verbs denoting the final action usually mean the future (Russian dam - I will give, from Common Slavic *damï). Scientists came to a conclusion that there were not such a distinction in Common Slavic. Even Old Church Slavonic, which was spoken in 7-10 centuries AD, much later than the Common language, was just starting distinguishing aspects as present and future, and still mixed them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the periphrastic &quot;быть&quot; type compound future, it arises from the lexical Common Slavic verb **byti* that means to &lt;em&gt;be(come)&lt;/em&gt; and now it is used as an auxiliary verb to form future forms in most of the West and East Slavic languages. But &quot;быть&quot; is not the only verb that can be used to form compound future tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Currently, &lt;em&gt;stati&lt;/em&gt; can be used as an alternative form of a future tense auxiliary in all East Slavic languages, as in the Russian example from a poem by Lermontov. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Stanu skazyvat’ ja skazku&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;begin(PRES.1SG) tell(INF) I story&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“I will (begin to) tell a story”  (Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lotpublications.nl/publish/articles/001809/bookpart.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Syntax of Compound Tenses in Slavic&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plus, Balkan Slavic uses a descendant of the verb ‘to want’, instead of &quot;to be&quot;. That's because&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The nature of the future, necessarily uncertain and at varying distances ahead, means that the speaker may refer to future events with the modality either of probability (what the speaker expects to happen) or intent (what the speaker plans to make happen).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, constructions like &quot;Я намерен/хочу/должен делать что-либо&quot; can all be used to express futurity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know about you, but I think it is a little unfair that we see &quot;Я буду делать&quot; as a special &quot;future tense&quot; form, but &quot;Я стану делать&quot; is not viewed as such. But I don't want to provoke another debate here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the question is 'how come Russian grammars talk about future tense if it's not there?' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, I think that's because traditional grammars (also known as school grammar) are largely based on the principles of Latin grammar, not on current linguistic research in Russian. (This sentence was originally said about English, but I rephrased it for Russian, because I believe it gets the point across nicely).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1839" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:38:12.067" LastActivityDate="2013-07-13T16:46:47.507" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2434" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2428" CreationDate="2013-07-11T21:55:11.963" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Disclaimer: this is a debative answer, that challenges the assumptions made in the question, therefore, as of this writing, it is not intended to address the said question directly, but contains more information that a simple comment would warrant.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my view, the question, as it was posed, commits one or more logical fallacies that prevent the adequate conclusion to be reached. First of all, as with any argument, we need to agree upon our definitions. What do we call a future tense? If we say that by “future tense” we mean “inflective future tense”, or “morphological future tense”, then, absolutely, the short answer to such question would be “No, contemporary Russian language does not have a future tense &lt;em&gt;per se&lt;/em&gt;, and the grade school curriculum, as always, simplifies the matter much in the same way it simplifies other grammatical features of the language, as, for instance, it omits Locative case and labels its uses as exceptions”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But then, why have those qualifications? Why have inflective or morphological future tense? Why specify simple versus complex or analytic versus synthetic future tense? If we agree that mostly synthetic Russian language uses analytical devices to indicate futurity, does it make its future tense less important or self-worthy than that of Latin? Thus, the question commits a bifurcation fallacy, commonly known as false dilemma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, we have linguists who argue that if the future tense is not a noble morphological kind, but a lowly analytical, then it’s not a future tense at all (which is the point of view your question implies). To which I say that if the trained grammarians cannot agree on that, what do you expect finding here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What complicates matters, is that, if we focus on our Indo-European language cousins, some of those noble morphological future tenses have dubious bastard roots. Western Romance languages, such as French or Italian have that, but, at least according to Wikipedia article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_tense&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;future tense&lt;/a&gt;, these forms themselves originated from earlier analytical constructions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Sound changes in Vulgar Latin made future forms difficult to distinguish from other verb forms (e.g., &lt;em&gt;amabit&lt;/em&gt; “he will love” vs. &lt;em&gt;amavit&lt;/em&gt; “he loved”), and the Latin simple future forms were gradually replaced by periphrastic structures involving the infinitive and an auxiliary verb, such as &lt;em&gt;debere&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;venire&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;velle&lt;/em&gt;, and especially &lt;em&gt;habere&lt;/em&gt;. All of the modern Romance languages have grammaticalized one of these periphrastic constructions for expressing the future tense; none of them has preserved the original Latin future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for examples you gave, who’s to say that those forms are the forms of present tense? Sure, they may look the same, but can you use words like &lt;em&gt;буду&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;скажу&lt;/em&gt; and expect anyone to understand them as anything, but the future tense? Now, I am not a trained linguist, and it can indeed be a simple analytical combination of present tense and an aspect, but to give counter-argument to your argument on its own merit, in Russian declension system, for example, 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; Declension Genitive, and 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; Declension Genitive, Dative and Prepositional cases all have the same ending &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;, but we do not lump them together simply because of one morphological unit that is the same. Clearly, the information extraneous to morphology, such as context, plays role across different grammatical categories.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, you had failed to mention so-called dual-aspect verbs, which can express futurity both analytically, and morphologically (via prefix). &lt;em&gt;E.g.&lt;/em&gt; “&lt;em&gt;он будет ранить&lt;/em&gt;” and “&lt;em&gt;он поранит&lt;/em&gt;” or “&lt;em&gt;мы будем жениться&lt;/em&gt;” and “&lt;em&gt;мы поженимся&lt;/em&gt;”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="69" LastActivityDate="2013-07-11T21:55:11.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2435" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2439" CreationDate="2013-07-13T20:12:59.723" Score="6" ViewCount="13654" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как подписать письмо, если я пишу родственникам (бабушке и дедушке)? У меня с ними не близкие отношения, поэтому я не уверена, как подписать. Единственное, что приходит в голову, - &quot;Ваша Настя&quot;. Или такое не подходит? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У вас есть другие идеи? Спасибо! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1684" LastEditorUserId="1684" LastEditDate="2013-07-18T21:40:51.007" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T10:56:16.227" Title="Как подписать письмо?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2436" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2435" CreationDate="2013-07-14T02:43:01.177" Score="7" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;C уважением&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вечно ваша&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Искренне ваша&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ваша покорная слуга&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Навеки ваша раба Настя&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ваша любимая внученка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;По гроб обязанная&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Так и живу&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Спасибо&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Всего доброго&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если что, обращайтесь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Очень жаль, что так получилось&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Благодарю&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Будьте всегда так же молоды и красивы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;С уважением к Вам и к Вашему бизнесу&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;С почтением&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Успехов&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пусть у вас все будет хорошо&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Очень приятно&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Заранее спасибо&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Надеюсь, понятно написала&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Всего наилучшего&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Желаю вам всегдашней радости в судьбе&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Желаю удачи&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Удачи вам в ваши добрых начинаниях&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сообщите, если будут вопросы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;С пожеланием всего наилучшего&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Счастья вам&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Желаю вам море счастья&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Крепкого кавказского здоровья вам и долголетия&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Всего хорошего&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;С любовью&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;С искренними извинениями&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не принимайте близко к сердцу&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Так уж вышло&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Желаю вам, чтобы все были здоровы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Долгих лет жизни вам&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Скоро увидимся&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Простите за беспокойство&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не болейте&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пишите&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Звоните&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не отчаивайтесь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пусть ваши желания пренепременно сбудутся&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вспоминайте о мне иногда&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Улыбайтесь почаще&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;С нетерпением жду ответа&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Жду ответа, как соловей лета&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Желаю вам многих богатств и процветания&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не держите зла&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;До скорой встречи&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Надеюсь, вы рассмотрите мое предложение&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;До свидания&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Буду рада помочь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Надеюсь на совместное плодотворное сотрудничество&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Простите за все&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Простите за все, если можете&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Прощайте&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Целую&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Обнимаю&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Люблю&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сожалею&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тоскую по вам&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Чмоки&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пока&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пока-пока&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Чао-о-о&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не забывайте&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не поминайте лихом&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пусть у вас все сложится&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мои искренние соболезнования&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ну, наверное все&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не знаю, что еще написать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В добрый путь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ждите в гости&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Приезжайте скорее&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;С богом&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как-то так&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Такие дела&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ну, теперь точно все&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вот&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Конец&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://support.google.com/mail/answer/8395?hl=ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://support.google.com/mail/answer/8395?hl=ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="153" LastEditDate="2013-12-26T03:50:00.680" LastActivityDate="2013-12-26T03:50:00.680" CommentCount="4" CommunityOwnedDate="2013-07-14T04:03:02.973" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2437" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-14T13:41:35.370" Score="7" ViewCount="4748" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question was born from the discussion in comments under &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/2397/97&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Чё&lt;/em&gt; is a slang/colloquial word, but does it mean &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;чего&lt;/em&gt;?  I believe that it's the equivalent of &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;, although it can't be substituted in all cases - and I used this in my answer to the linked question.  However another user stated that I was wrong and that the correct meaning is &lt;em&gt;чего&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, which meaning is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt; I was suggested that it can mean both, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чё тебе надо?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Что тебе надо?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Чего тебе надо?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However in this case I would say that in the last version (&lt;em&gt;чего тебе надо&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;чего&lt;/em&gt; is in itself is a colloquial from of &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;, hence can't be argued to be the meaning of &lt;em&gt;чё&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:33:10.747" Title="Meaning of чё - что or чего?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2437" CreationDate="2013-07-14T16:49:56.863" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чё&lt;/strong&gt; is the result of the omission of the -&lt;strong&gt;ег&lt;/strong&gt;- syllable in &lt;strong&gt;чего&lt;/strong&gt;. This is called &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elision&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Elision&lt;/a&gt; in phonetics. So &lt;strong&gt;чё&lt;/strong&gt; is just a shortened form of &lt;strong&gt;чего&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;[чево́]&lt;/em&gt; &amp;gt;&amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;[чео́]&lt;/em&gt; &amp;gt;&amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;[чо]&lt;/em&gt; (spelled as &lt;em&gt;чё&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This same thing happens with &lt;em&gt;сегодня&lt;/em&gt; becoming &lt;em&gt;сёдня&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1847" LastEditorUserId="1847" LastEditDate="2021-02-03T08:19:43.413" LastActivityDate="2021-02-03T08:19:43.413" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2435" CreationDate="2013-07-15T06:03:10.240" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы просто подписал  &quot;Настя&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="256" LastActivityDate="2013-07-15T06:03:10.240" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2440" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-16T08:24:18.183" Score="17" ViewCount="3361" Body="&lt;p&gt;Something that I realised early on when learning Russian were the different words Russians would use where an English speaker would just say &lt;em&gt;magic&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first word I came into contact with was &lt;em&gt;волшебство&lt;/em&gt; and the associated &lt;em&gt;волшебник&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;wizard&quot;) and for a while I thought it was the only was to say &lt;em&gt;magic&lt;/em&gt; in Russian. Then I learned about &lt;em&gt;колдовство&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;колдун&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;колдунья&lt;/em&gt;. Upon searching further, I came upon &lt;em&gt;чародейство&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;чародей&lt;/em&gt; and began wondering how come there are so many words in Russian for describing what I considered to be the same thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding &lt;em&gt;волшебство&lt;/em&gt;, I couldn't help but see a relation to &lt;em&gt;воля&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;will&quot;, suggesting that a &lt;em&gt;волшебник&lt;/em&gt; employs supernatural methods to do his will or project his will onto others. I looked up the etymologies of the words and saw that &lt;em&gt;волшебство&lt;/em&gt; is actually related to the older &lt;em&gt;волшба&lt;/em&gt; and ultimately &lt;em&gt;волхв&lt;/em&gt;, which seems to be a word for &lt;em&gt;magus&lt;/em&gt;. Further research revealed that &lt;em&gt;волхвы&lt;/em&gt; were priests or shamans of some sort, associated with pre-Christian religions and therefore being accused of witchcraft and persecuted during Christian times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find any material on the connotations of &lt;em&gt;волшебство&lt;/em&gt; in contemporary usage, however. Is it a more negative word or maybe neutral?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kолдовство&lt;/em&gt;, on the other hand, seems to be derived from an earlier word with connotations of &lt;em&gt;speech&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;tongue&lt;/em&gt;, as is clear when examining the Lithuanian cognate &lt;em&gt;kalba&lt;/em&gt; (language/tongue) or even the Latin &lt;em&gt;calō&lt;/em&gt; (I call). A Proto-Indo-European root for this could be *&lt;em&gt;kele-&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;to shout&quot;). This implies that using this word has a connotation of speech, perhaps referring to &quot;magic&quot; done by incancation or, by a wider definition, charisma and the power to influence people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, &lt;em&gt;чародейство&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;чары&lt;/em&gt;, roughly translating to &quot;magical means&quot; or &quot;charms&quot; (cognate?) has a connotation of action, as opposed to magic by influence, perhaps referring to a more concrete, evident type of magic, as opposed to magic of a mysterious, mystical type. An interesting dimension to this word is given, however, by its cognated in other languages (Slavic or not). For example, Vasmer's etymological dictionary identifies various cognates of &lt;em&gt;чара&lt;/em&gt;: Avestan &lt;em&gt;čārā&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;средство&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;means&quot;) and Lithuanian &lt;em&gt;kẽras&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;колдовство&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;magic&quot;). The Proto-Indo-European root seems to be *&lt;em&gt;kʷer-&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;to do&quot;, &quot;action&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having outlined some of my impressions and theories, I now turn to the native speakers of Russian to ask: what are the finer connotations of each of these words? Are some of them more negative than others? And how would a native speaker use them in conversation or choose between them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there might be words meaning &lt;em&gt;magic&lt;/em&gt; I might have missed. If so, I would be curious to learn them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1800" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-07-16T11:07:33.737" LastActivityDate="2021-03-12T22:27:27.893" Title="Russian words for magic. Etymology, usage and connotations" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="5" CommunityOwnedDate="2021-03-12T22:30:21.560" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2440" CreationDate="2013-07-16T08:50:44.807" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Колдун&lt;/em&gt; обычно злой, а &lt;em&gt;волшебник&lt;/em&gt; - добрый, соответственно как бы тёмный маг и светлый маг. &lt;em&gt;Чародей&lt;/em&gt; более нейтральный, но для меня звучит скорее в положительном контексте, как творец разных красивых и удивительных вещей вне понятий добра и зла. Также есть слово &lt;em&gt;кудесник&lt;/em&gt;, происходит от слова &quot;чудо&quot;, звучит более архаично, а лично для меня имеет оттенок фокусника. Например, бразильских футболистов называют &quot;кудесники мяча&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastActivityDate="2013-07-16T08:50:44.807" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2021-03-12T22:30:21.560" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2440" CreationDate="2013-07-16T09:06:09.717" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have missed the word &lt;code&gt;магия&lt;/code&gt;, which IMO is used more often than other words that you cited.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1305" LastActivityDate="2013-07-16T09:06:09.717" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2021-03-12T22:30:21.560" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2440" CreationDate="2013-07-16T11:15:51.510" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кудесник&lt;/strong&gt; is a magician. Etymologically this word comes from &lt;em&gt;чудо&lt;/em&gt;. Usually he is not evil, though I would not call him good - he is nice. Usually you imagine him as an odd person. His magic has no obvious purpose (or it seems so). You can't call Saruman the White using this word (either before or after he has turned from good to evil), but, from the hobbit's point of view the Gandalf, as we see him in the beginning of LOTR movie is кудесник - strange person that can do funny magical things. Radagast the Brown in recent Hobbit movie can also be called a кудесник. &quot;Кудесники мяча&quot; - a cliche that is used for football (soccer) players also shows this fun-but-impractical kind of magic meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Already described &lt;strong&gt;чародей&lt;/strong&gt; is another synonym to &lt;strong&gt;волшебник&lt;/strong&gt;, however I would not say that he is evil. When the word is used in its literal meaning - he is neutral magician. Though the word &lt;strong&gt;чары&lt;/strong&gt; is often used with word злые: &lt;em&gt;злые чары&lt;/em&gt; - evil spells. Usually this expression means that the person under this spells has altered state of mind that changes the character of the person. For example, Kai from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Snow_Queen&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Snow Queen&lt;/a&gt; under the spell of the Snow Queen become cold-minded and has forgot his love (I think though that the forgetting of the love is a side effect of cold-mindeness itself). Nevertheless, love magic is not the main field of activity of a &lt;em&gt;чародей&lt;/em&gt;. This is a work mostly for a wise-woman, &lt;em&gt;ворожея&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there was a soviet movie - &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B8_%28%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Чародеи&lt;/a&gt; about institution where mages were working. Though there also was described an example of love forgetfulness spell (it is called &quot;Зимнее сердце&quot; in the movie), the most of the mages (all of them are called чародеи) that were working in this institution were occupied in more practical fields. In fact this love-forgetfulness is also a side effect of cold-heartiness, and not because the person started to love someone else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most examples of usage of words derived from чары has no negative connotation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чарующие звуки скрипки.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Она была само очарование.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other neutral magicians are already mentioned, so I'm focusing on darker and lesser ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чернокнижник&lt;/strong&gt; is a person that practices &lt;strong&gt;чернокнижие&lt;/strong&gt; - knowledge of magic based on &quot;black books&quot; (черные книги) that contain cabbalistic symbols, spell formulas, magic recipes, etc. Basically it is a synonym of &lt;strong&gt;колдун&lt;/strong&gt; and shares the negative connotation with his colleague. Though in dictionaries this term is marked as outdated, it is used in RPG games as a translation of &lt;em&gt;warlock&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ведьма&lt;/strong&gt; is translated to English as &lt;em&gt;witch&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;She&lt;/a&gt; is also believed to use demonic powers and, of course, this word has also a negative connotation. You can encounter this word when reading fairy tales. It is also used nowadays to describe an old woman with bad temper: &lt;em&gt;старая ведьма&lt;/em&gt;. The word ведьма has the same root as the word &lt;em&gt;ведать&lt;/em&gt; - to know. In fact ведьма is not always bad character. In fairy-tales Баба Яга is also ведьма, but she often helps the protagonist if he knows the right way to speak to her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several other words that are lesser used than ведьма, though sharing the same etymology. &lt;strong&gt;Ведьмак&lt;/strong&gt; is a male posessing the same powers as ведьма. Sometimes he is also believed to be capable to turn into a wolf. This word is rarely used, though it became popular because of a fantasy saga Ведьмак written by Polish writer Andrzej Sapkowski.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ведун&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;ведунья&lt;/strong&gt; are also connected to word &lt;em&gt;ведать&lt;/em&gt; (to know). They practice &lt;strong&gt;ведовство&lt;/strong&gt;. These words are rarely used nowadays and may mean different things depending on context. The oldest meaning of the &lt;strong&gt;ведун&lt;/strong&gt; is similar to &lt;strong&gt;волхв&lt;/strong&gt;. Later both &lt;em&gt;ведун&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;волхв&lt;/em&gt; are used as synonyms to &lt;em&gt;колдун&lt;/em&gt;. Nowadays it may be a synonym to &lt;em&gt;знахарь&lt;/em&gt; or even in colloquial style &lt;em&gt;специалист в какой-либо сфере деятельности&lt;/em&gt; (specialist in some field). By the way, Three Kings, that visited Jesus after his birth, in Russian Bible are called &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;волхвы&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Cossack mythology there is an interesting battle magician - &lt;strong&gt;характерник&lt;/strong&gt; (see this &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiki article&lt;/a&gt;) that could do many things that are useful on the balltefield: stop bullets, stop bleeding, become invisible, see the future, resurrect dead, etc. This word is not widely known though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Знахарь&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;знахарка&lt;/strong&gt; (sorcerer/sorceress, wise man/woman) are performing &lt;strong&gt;знахарство&lt;/strong&gt; - magic healing, removing curses, etc. using different plants and spells. These words have the same root as &lt;em&gt;знать&lt;/em&gt; (to know).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, many words are connected with synonyms of 'to know'. It is believed that all of them had positive connotation before adoption of Christianity in 988.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ворожея&lt;/strong&gt; is also a wise woman (there is also &lt;strong&gt;ворожей&lt;/strong&gt;, but I did not found it until Quassnoi's remark).  &lt;strong&gt;Ворожба&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;ворожить&lt;/strong&gt; are words that describe her activity. She sees the future, removes curses, heals using spells. She can also &lt;strong&gt;отворожить&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Отвораживать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;отворожить&lt;/strong&gt; кого, исцелить ворожбою, отучать от чего заговорами, чарами. Отворожить лихорадку, удалить ее ворожбой. &lt;strong&gt;Отворожная&lt;/strong&gt; болезнь, которую можно отворожить. (Толковый словарь Даля)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ворожея, ворожка also helps in love affairs using potions and the like. She can &lt;em&gt;отворожить&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;отворотить&lt;/em&gt; using &lt;em&gt;отворотное зелье&lt;/em&gt; (potion or herbs) - make someone to forget his love. Or she can &lt;em&gt;приворожить&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;приворотить&lt;/em&gt; using &lt;em&gt;приворотное зелье&lt;/em&gt; - to make someone to fall in love.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ворожея&lt;/strong&gt; can be replaced with &lt;strong&gt;бабка&lt;/strong&gt; or even &lt;strong&gt;бабушка&lt;/strong&gt; (because she is nice - she makes good magic):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бабушка ворожит кому (разг. шутл.) о том, кто удачлив, кому во всём везёт. (Словарь Ожегова)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  «Хорошо тому жить, кому бабушка ворожит.» (посл.) (Толковый словарь Ушакова)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И к бабке не ходи - и слепому видно, очевидно, ясно как божий день (Словарь синонимов)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-07-28T07:43:50.097" LastActivityDate="2013-07-28T07:43:50.097" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2021-03-12T22:30:21.560" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2444" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2440" CreationDate="2013-07-16T11:42:31.293" Score="20" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;волшебник&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a general term having some positive connotations, although there can be &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;злой волшебник&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. It is often used in fairy tales. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Волшебство&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a general term for magic, especially prolonged one or a set of miracles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;колдун&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; has negative associations. It is synonym to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;злой волшебник&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Somebody who practices black magic, which can render you disabled or paralyzed, or make a thing cursed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я был как околдованный и не мог пошевелиться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Замок был как заколдованный и не хотел открываться ключом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чародей&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; has negative associations but less so than &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;колдун&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. It is somebody who can prepare a poition with hallucinogenic or psycho-active properties and can make you loose your rationality, memory, fall in love with somebody, forgetting your previous love, fall asleep, see an illusion or a dream without sleeping and the like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Девушка была настолько красивая, что очаровала меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дворец был настолько красивый, что я смотрел вокруг как зачарованный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Овцы, как зачарованные, шли в сторону пропасти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;заклинатель&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is somebody who commits spells, especially in order to make somebody to do or not to do something. Sometimes used for people who control poisonous snakes making them not to attack (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;заклинатель змей&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;). &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Заклинание&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a general term for &quot;spell&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Заклинаю тебя, не ходи туда, для твоего же блага - там очень опасно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чудотворец&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is somebody who commits miracles. This can be used in religious context, for Christian saints who committed miracles. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Чудо&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a general term for a single one-time miracle, while prolonged magic or a set of miracles (outside of religious context) would be &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;волшебство&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;маг&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is synonym to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;волшебник&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; but with a claim of being well educated or enlightened, and understanding his magic as a kind of scientific discipline. It can be used to western-type people like Faust, not connected to Russian folklore. Archetypical &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;маг&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; wears a black cloak and gloves.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;кудесник&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;волхв&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; mean wandering adherents of ancient pagan religion and foretellers, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;волхв&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; seems to be a more general term, while &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;кудесник&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is limited to the ancient Slavic religion. In Christian context, visit of the magi to the newborn Jesus is called &quot;поклонение волхвов&quot;. In Pushkin's &quot;Песнь о вещем Олеге&quot; they are used interchangeably to mean a man who foretells the future to the prince:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;„Скажи мне, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;кудесник&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, любимец богов,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Что сбудется в жизни со мною?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И скоро ль, на радость соседей-врагов,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Могильной засыплюсь землёю?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Открой мне всю правду, не бойся меня:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В награду любого возьмешь ты коня“.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;„&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Волхвы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; не боятся могучих владык,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И княжеский дар им не нужен;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Правдив и свободен их вещий язык.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И с волей небесною дружен.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-08-11T10:49:16.557" LastActivityDate="2013-08-11T10:49:16.557" CommentCount="7" CommunityOwnedDate="2021-03-12T22:30:21.560" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2440" CreationDate="2013-07-16T15:25:16.883" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian language has several words that can be used to translate 'magic', each one has corresponding 'job' word. Each one, however, has different origins and bears separate semantical details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Магия&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Маг(иня)&lt;/code&gt;) is a practitioner of it) is the most general term, including many different types of magic. It is the most straightforward translation with almost no other tied meaning. The word 'Магия' is the only one occurring in scientific papers about tribal magic and has most chances to occur in contemporary adult fantasy. This type is expected to be powerful and flashy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Волшебство&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Волшебни(к/ца)&lt;/code&gt;) is the second general term, but it implies some mystery and may be used to describe stage magicians. It is also tied to childhood, and has most chances to occur in child or young adult novels. This type often depicted in weird clothes (high hat, colorful robe with stars etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Чародейство&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Чародей(ка)&lt;/code&gt;) literally means 'making &quot;Чары&quot;'. 'Чары' is uncountable noun that is always in plural form. This word sometimes means magical (or spontaneous) affection, but this implication is almost lost. Anyway, 'Чары' means continuous, prolonged effect, so this type usually is not flashy at all, but his magic lasts and can be dispelled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Колдовство&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Колдун(ья)&lt;/code&gt;, often implied to be old and ugly) is also magic, but usually with dark undertones. If a magician has to make deal with devil to gain magical power, this word is probably the best one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ведовство&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Ведьма(к)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Ведун&lt;/code&gt; , often implied to be old and ugly) is derived from verb 'ведать' ('знать', to know). So, this type usually implies heavy use of 'arcane components' and rituals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Words above are more or less interchangeable. There are also some borderline terms that are close to magic, but are not interchangeable with words above. Here they are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Алхимия&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Алхимик&lt;/code&gt;) means magic based on natural properties of natural substances with strict rules. It can also mean real-life alchemie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Прорицание&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Проро(к/чица)&lt;/code&gt;) is process of gaining knowledge directly by magical means or innate talent, usually about future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Псионика&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Псион&lt;/code&gt;) with many subtypes means magic performed by power of mind/will alone. &lt;code&gt;Телепатия&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;телепат&lt;/code&gt;) i.e. mind-reading and &lt;code&gt;Телекинез&lt;/code&gt; i.e. telekinesis are common subtypes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Чудо&lt;/code&gt; is basically a wander that occurred because of the will of God (&lt;code&gt;Чудотворец&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Святой&lt;/code&gt;) or pagan gods (no good word here, because christianisation stomped native slavic pagan gods). Also, this word may describe or mean any extremely uncommon event. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Фокус&lt;/code&gt;(&lt;code&gt;Фокусник&lt;/code&gt;) is a trick performed by sleight of hands and proper equipment. The most direct translation will be 'Stage magic'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Экстрасенсорика&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Экстрасенс&lt;/code&gt;) is a common techno-buble adopted by con-mans to look scientific and trustworthy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вуду&lt;/code&gt; (usually performed by &lt;code&gt;Вудуист&lt;/code&gt;, but proper term is &lt;code&gt;Бокор&lt;/code&gt;) is &lt;code&gt;Шаманство&lt;/code&gt; with dark undertones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Шаманство&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Шаман&lt;/code&gt;) is an art of dealing with spirits. Associated with &lt;code&gt;Шаманские пляски&lt;/code&gt; (shamanic dances) performed with &lt;code&gt;Бубен&lt;/code&gt; (Tambourine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Астрология&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Астролог&lt;/code&gt;, sometimes &lt;code&gt;Звездочёт&lt;/code&gt;) is Astrology, of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Any&lt;/em&gt; of these words can be used to describe process of performing completely mysterious actions to get specific result. For example, it is common to say &lt;code&gt;Пришел, пошаманил, постучал в бубен, оно и заработало&lt;/code&gt;. In fact, in folklore, tamborine is necessary tool of computer administrator. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, there are common tropes in literature you may want to keep in mind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, &lt;code&gt;Ведьмак&lt;/code&gt; may refer very specific type of mage|fighter hybrid, because there are quite influential series of novels and video games under same name with that type (I believe, English brand is 'witcher'). Originally it meant a male witch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Друид&lt;/code&gt; sometimes means &lt;a href=&quot;http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/Druid&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; type of druids.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, last, but not least, many latin or other imported words combined with '-мантия' will mean magic strongly tied with meaning of foreign word used, like 'Некромантия' - magic of death, 'техномантия' - magic of machines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*Post is waiting for edit of English native speaker. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="334" LastEditDate="2013-07-16T17:06:34.677" LastActivityDate="2013-07-16T17:06:34.677" CommentCount="4" CommunityOwnedDate="2021-03-12T22:30:21.560" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2446" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2447" CreationDate="2013-07-17T12:26:28.040" Score="6" ViewCount="1553" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть ли сведения о том, когда впервые было использовано слово &lt;code&gt;спутник&lt;/code&gt; для обозначения естественных (&lt;code&gt;Луна - спутник Земли&lt;/code&gt;), либо искусственных спутников (&lt;code&gt;вывести спутник на орбиту&lt;/code&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разыскивая информацию в интернете я обнаружил многочисленные упоминания цитаты из &quot;Братьев Карамазовых&quot; Достоевского (см. ниже).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Использовал ли Достоевский уже существующее значение слова &lt;code&gt;спутник&lt;/code&gt; как спутник планеты (луна)? Или он создал совершенно новое значение для слова &quot;спутник&quot;, основанное на значении &quot;попутчик&quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что станется в пространстве с топором? Если куда попадет подальше, то примется, я думаю, летать вокруг земли, сам не зная зачем, в виде &lt;strong&gt;спутника&lt;/strong&gt;. ...Астрономы вычислят восхождение и захождение топора, Гатцук внесет в календарь, вот и все&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/hardwords/25_114&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Аналогичный вопрос на грамота.ру&lt;/a&gt; получил крайне общий ответ, не затрагивающий естественные спутники.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any information on the first usage of the word &lt;code&gt;спутник&lt;/code&gt; for natural (&lt;code&gt;Луна - спутник Земли&lt;/code&gt;) and/or artificial (&lt;code&gt;Вывести спутник на орбиту&lt;/code&gt;) satellites?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's clear that at the moment of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Спутник 1&lt;/a&gt; launch phrase &lt;code&gt;искусственный спутник Земли&lt;/code&gt; was already in active use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While researching this topic I've found numerous references to this quote from &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brothers_Karamazov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;The Brothers Karamazov&quot;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что станется в пространстве с топором? Если куда попадет подальше, то примется, я думаю, летать вокруг земли, сам не зная зачем, в виде &lt;strong&gt;спутника&lt;/strong&gt;. ...Астрономы вычислят восхождение и захождение топора, Гатцук внесет в календарь, вот и все&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did Dostoyevsky use already established meaning of &lt;code&gt;спутник&lt;/code&gt; as natural satellite (moon)? Or did he originate entirely new meaning (based on &lt;code&gt;спутник&lt;/code&gt; as fellow traveller)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/hardwords/25_114&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;More general question on gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt; received vague answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В середине XX века, в связи с развитием космонавтики, слово приобрело еще одно значение: космический летательный аппарат, движущийся по орбите вокруг Земли, других планет. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Natural satellites are not covered in this answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="81" LastEditorUserId="81" LastEditDate="2013-07-28T15:08:02.490" LastActivityDate="2013-07-30T14:50:53.810" Title="Спутники естественные и искусственные" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2446" CreationDate="2013-07-17T14:28:38.047" Score="10" Body="&lt;h3&gt;Short English version&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Artificial satellite&lt;/strong&gt;: Used by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tsiolkovsky&lt;/a&gt; in 1911 &amp;quot;ракета... стала спутником Земли&amp;quot;. In 1923 he describes artificial planet: &amp;quot;Проще всего прямо направляться с &lt;strong&gt;искусственного спутника Земли&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Natural satellite&lt;/strong&gt;: Possibly used around 1670 for translation to Church Slavonic words &lt;em&gt;satellites&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;comites&lt;/em&gt; that were used in Hevelius's book &amp;quot;Selenography&amp;quot; for Jupiter satellites around 1670. In 1744 Lomonosov uses this word to translate 'satellite' from German: &amp;quot;...можно сие заключить из обращения &lt;strong&gt;около кометы ее спутника&lt;/strong&gt;, если бы она хотя одного имела&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Искусственный спутник Земли&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сложно сказать, является ли цитата Достоевского первым описанием рукотворного объекта на орбите Земли. Если же говорить о серьезном описании именно технического объекта, то, пожалуй, первенство здесь скорее всего принадлежит &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Циолковскому&lt;/a&gt;. В 1911 году в своей работе &lt;em&gt;Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами&lt;/em&gt; он описывает воображаемый полет в космосе:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теперь мы можем совершенно успокоиться, так как ракета приобрела прочное положение: она стала &lt;strong&gt;спутником Земли&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;С ракеты виден громадный шар планеты в том или другом фазисе, как Луна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В своих заметках &amp;quot;Этапы промышленности в эфире или в поясе астероидов&amp;quot; сделанных 7.12.1923 Циолковский пишет:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Работы на Земле. Образование планеты, движущейся кругом Земли — &lt;strong&gt;искусственный спутник&lt;/strong&gt;. Решетчатый куб со множеством изолированных стеклом и металлом ячеек. Отправляется по частям. Там соединяются в одно целое.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Такая же колония кругом Луны. Спуск и заимствование материала. К жизни приспособят ее позднее. Проще всего прямо направляться с &lt;strong&gt;искусственного спутника Земли&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обе цитаты приведены по книге &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruslit.traumlibrary.net/book/ciolkovskiy-osvoeniekosmosa/ciolkovskiy-osvoeniekosmosa.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Промышленное освоение космоса&amp;quot;, 1989&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но устоявшимся термином &amp;quot;искусственный спутник Земли&amp;quot; стал позже. В декабре 1948 года в СССР стало известно о намерении США создать искусственный спутник Земли, а в 1950 году &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA-1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;начали выполняться исследования&lt;/a&gt; по этой программе и в СССР:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теоретическим обоснованием для такого письма была серия научно-исследовательских работ «Исследования по вопросам создания &lt;strong&gt;искусственного спутника Земли&lt;/strong&gt;», которая была проведена в 1950—1953 годах в НИИ-4 Министерства обороны под руководством М. К. Тихонравова.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Луна как спутник Земли&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для того чтобы назвать Луну спутником Земли, даже в переносном смысле, необходимо знать что:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Земля движется в пространстве,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Луна, и только Луна движется вокруг Земли.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мысль о том, что Луна сопровождает Землю в движении в космосе стала общепринятой не так давно. Почти два тысячелетия Земля считалась неподвижным центром Вселенной, а Луна (как и Солнце) входили в число семи планет, вращающихся вокруг Земли. В 1543 году &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Николай Коперник&lt;/a&gt; предположил что в центре Вселенной находится Солнце, но еще 70 лет это считалось скорее удобным математическим приемом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но даже когда у системы Коперника появились сторонники, это еще не привело к появлению термина &amp;quot;спутник&amp;quot;: вокруг Солнца вращались планеты, а вокруг Земли - Луна (и сейчас мы вполне можем сказать &amp;quot;луны Марса&amp;quot; или &amp;quot;луны Юпитера&amp;quot;). Других подобных примеров известно не было.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наконец Галилей в 1610 году при помощи изобретенного им телескопа обнаружил четыре небесных тела, обращающихся вокруг Юпитера. В 1611 году Кеплер предложил назвать их satellitem (&amp;quot;сопровождающие лица&amp;quot;), впервые выделив понятие &amp;quot;спутник&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Появление этого термина в русском языке, скорее всего связано с переводом с латыни книги Гевелия &amp;quot;Селенография&amp;quot;, написанной в 1647 году. В этой книге, кроме описания Луны также приводились сведения о конструировании телескопов, системе Коперника и были описаны спутники Юпитера.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эта книга была переведена на церковно-славянский язык в 1670-х годах по указанию царя Алексея Михайловича, при этом переводчикам пришлось изобретать отсутствующие термины (например &amp;quot;трубозрение&amp;quot;). Она не была издана, но хранилась в царской библиотеке, использовалась как учебник по оптике и была известна Петру I.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какие слова использовались для описания спутников Юпитера неясно, но по сведениям, которые привел Quassnoi, сам Гевелий для описания спутников использовал три слова: circulatores, satellites и comites. Последнее слово происходит от com-, &amp;quot;вместе&amp;quot;, and ire, &amp;quot;идти&amp;quot;. В других текстах это слово обычно переводится на церковно-славянский как сопутникъ и вполне вероятно что оно использовалось и в переводе &amp;quot;Селенографии&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается опубликованных текстов, использующих слово &amp;quot;спутник&amp;quot;, то в 1744 году был опубликован перевод Ломоносовым статьи немецкого астронома, описывающей появление в начале 1744 года кометы. В части, посвященной оценке размера атмосферы кометы Ломоносов пишет:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К сему определению, кроме показанного обстоятельства равной тягости к Солнцу и комете, требуется еще, чтобы знать пропорцию материи между Солнцем и кометою...&#xA;...Помянутой пропорции нам знать невозможно, для того что только можно сие заключить из обращения &lt;strong&gt;около кометы ее спутника&lt;/strong&gt;, если бы она хотя одного имела.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При переводе на русский язык Ломоносов использовал как можно больше русских слов:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Л. переводил так, чтобы сделать понятными русскому читателю латинские и немецкие термины. Так, например, термин «hipothesis» (гипотеза) он переводит как «произвольное мнение», «relative Schwere» — «излишняя тяжесть» и т. д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кроме того,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ломоносов ввёл в обращение десятки научных терминов из области астрономии, многие из которых используются до сих пор, как, например, законы движения планет, земная ось,горизонт, преломление лучей, полнолуние, созвездие, атмосфера и другие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что вполне вероятно, что если даже термин &amp;quot;спутник&amp;quot; не был использован в переводе &amp;quot;Селенографии&amp;quot; или не был принят в русской астрономии (на тот момент преимущественно использовалась латынь), его вполне мог ввести Ломоносов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из найденных цитат (в том числе цитата, которую привел Alexander Serebrenik) видно, что сочетание &amp;quot;Луна - спутник Земли&amp;quot; уже как минимум в 1822 году использовалось за пределами астрономии, и следовательно на момент написания &amp;quot;Братьев Карамазовых&amp;quot; (1880) Достоевский уже никак не мог претендовать на изобретение этого термина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt; Lomonosov uses this term in 1744 (see below)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8&amp;amp;year_start=1850&amp;amp;year_end=1870&amp;amp;corpus=12&amp;amp;smoothing=1&amp;amp;share=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Google Ngrams&lt;/a&gt; I have found in several citations for &amp;quot;спутник земли&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;1851 - The magazine &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=INEGAAAAQAAJ&amp;amp;pg=RA4-PA17&amp;amp;dq=%22%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8%22&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=wKfmUcCGOqmIiAK9jIAw&amp;amp;ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%22%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%20%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8%22&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Сын отечества: историческій и политическій журнал - Книги 1-2&amp;quot; on page 17&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Астрономы, наблюдавшие Луну вскоре по изобретении Зрительных труб, находили гораздо более сходств между Землею и ея спутником, чем новейшие наблюдатели&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1864 - &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/books?id=1WQoAAAAYAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA776&amp;amp;dq=%22%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8%22&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=wafmUa7sAqnWiwLN6oDwCg&amp;amp;ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%22%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%20%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8%22&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Настольный словарь для справок по всѣм отраслям знанія: ... - Том 3 - Страница 776&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гершель тщательными наблюдениями открыл, что У.(Уран) имеет 6 спутников, кот. назв. Георговыми спутниками.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brothers_Karamazov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Brothers Karamazov&lt;/a&gt; were written in 1880 - the term was &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; invented by Dostoyevsky.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, first 4 satellites of Jupiter was discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610 and in 1612 he proved that they are orbiting the planet. This has proved that the Earth is not the only celestial body that can be orbited by other bodies (previously the Earth was considered to be the center of the Universe). So, the concept of satellites was known for 270 years when the book was written.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still there is a question - when the word спутник was used to describe the satellite?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looks like we need to find when the Russian astronomers began to write the articles on astronomy. According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; first observatory was established in Russia in 1690. In 1725 the observatory in Petersburg was established and there worked the prominent Russian scientist Lomonosov.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked through his works on astronomy and many of them were written in Latin. However I found his russian translation of the German article on observation of the comet in 1744. The russian translation was published in 1744 as well. The article among other things is discussing a possibility of finding the size of the comet's atmosphere. Here is what Lomonosov &lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/lomonos/texts/lo0/lo4/lo4-007-.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;writes&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К сему определению, кроме показанного обстоятельства равной тягости к Солнцу и комете, требуется еще, чтобы знать пропорцию материи между Солнцем и кометою или пропорцию их силы, которою Солнце и комета действуют на тело, в равном расстоянии от них отдаленное. Последнее уже нам известно, а помянутой пропорции нам знать невозможно, для того что только можно сие заключить из &lt;strong&gt;обращения около кометы ее спутника,&lt;/strong&gt; если бы она хотя одного имела.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Описание кометы, явившияся в начале 1744 года, с немецкого языка перевел императорской Академии Наук адъюнкт Михайло Ломоносов.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is still not clear if this was the first time when the спутник was used to describe smaller object orbiting the larger one. But Lomonosov invented &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.msu.ru/lomonosov/science/astronom.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;many russian terms in astronomy&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ломоносов ввёл в обращение десятки научных терминов из области астрономии, многие из которых используются до сих пор, как, например, законы движения планет, земная ось,горизонт, преломление лучей, полнолуние, созвездие, атмосфера и другие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the translation of the article by Lomonosov used many russian words to make the article more understandible to &lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/lomonos/kes-abc/kes/kes-1261.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;russian reader&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Л. переводил так, чтобы сделать понятными русскому читателю латинские и немецкие термины. Так, например, термин «hipothesis» (гипотеза) он переводит как «произвольное мнение», «relative Schwere» — «излишняя тяжесть» и т. д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if the term was not used before, Lomonosov could propose it first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt; There is a chance that the term спутник was coined around 1670. According to the book &amp;quot;П. Г. Куликовский. М. В. Ломоносов астроном и астрофизик&amp;quot;, by request of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tzar Alexey Mikhailovich&lt;/a&gt; in 70-es the book Selenographia (1647) by &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Hevelius&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Johannes Hevelius&lt;/a&gt; was translated into Russian (to be precise - into Church Slavonic). Though it was not published (it was stored in Tzar's library) it was known to Peter I.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В &amp;quot;Селенографии&amp;quot; была также изложена система Коперника, приведены числовые данные о размерах Солнечной системы и об обращении планет (с точностью до минут времени!), &lt;strong&gt;описаны спутники Юпитера&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it was the first manuscript written in Russian that mentioned the existence of Jupiter satellites, though I am not certain what word was used to describe them. For example the book title was translated as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иоганна Гевелия Селенография еже есть Луны описание и прилежное крапин ее и подвижений различных и иных всех изменений и изображений, зрительного сосуда помощью испытанных,&#xA;определение. В нем же зде иных многих планет природных зрак и многая блюдения, наипаче же крапин солнечных и поветовых трубозрением изобретенных и таблиями вельми прилежно на меди изваянными во увидение полагаются.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-07-30T14:50:53.810" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2446" CreationDate="2013-07-17T18:45:46.893" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ещё более ранний пример:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Уже большая половина солнца была закрыта спутником земли, и затмение&#xA;  стояло с лишком полтора часа, как никто еще в монастыре не знал об&#xA;  этом. [О. И. Сенковский. Воспоминания о Сирии (1822)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="256" LastActivityDate="2013-07-17T18:45:46.893" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2449" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2457" CreationDate="2013-07-20T00:22:02.450" Score="4" ViewCount="526" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both words have similar meanings and they both seem phonetically similar as well. So, it seems to me that there's the possibility of some relation between the two words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm curious if one of the words is derived or borrowed from the other, or if perhaps they share some common &quot;ancestor&quot; word borrowed from a completely different language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81#Etymology&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;en.wiktionary.org/wiki/рейс&lt;/a&gt;, the Russian &lt;code&gt;рейс&lt;/code&gt; is derived from &lt;code&gt;reis&lt;/code&gt; in Dutch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reis#Dutch&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reis&lt;/a&gt;, the Dutch word appears to have been borrowed from Estonian (at least that was how I vaguely understood the page). And, subsequently the Estonian word was derived from the German &lt;code&gt;Reise&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, my preliminary research has lead me to believe that the Russian &lt;code&gt;рейс&lt;/code&gt; is indirectly derived from the German &lt;code&gt;Reise&lt;/code&gt;. Although, I'm not really confident that this is entirely accurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1733" LastEditorUserId="1733" LastEditDate="2013-07-20T09:11:22.240" LastActivityDate="2013-07-24T11:02:24.180" Title="Is the Russian word «рейс» related to the German word &quot;Reise&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;other-languages&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2450" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2454" CreationDate="2013-07-20T11:06:38.790" Score="5" ViewCount="466" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как сказать &quot;star&quot; и &quot;unstar&quot; (типа как отметить репозиторий звёздочной на GitHub'е или снять такую отметку) кратко и ясно? Желательно литературно, без &quot;лайкнуть&quot; и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How to say &quot;star&quot; and &quot;unstar&quot; (as if you marking a repository with star on Github or removing such mark) shortly and clearly? Advisably not slangish like &quot;to put a like&quot; and so on...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1266" LastEditorUserId="1266" LastEditDate="2013-07-23T06:37:24.063" LastActivityDate="2013-07-23T15:22:27.340" Title="How shall I say &quot;star&quot; and &quot;unstar&quot; (as in Github) in Russian?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2450" CreationDate="2013-07-20T19:37:29.407" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The straightforward translation will be: &quot;отметить звёздочкой&quot; to indicate &quot;starring&quot; action. This is 100% understandable but nevertheless sounds quite unnatural to native. Moreover there's no such straightforward equivalent for the opposite action - phrase &quot;разометить звёзочкой&quot; is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Saying &quot;добавить звёздочку&quot; / &quot;убрать звёздочку&quot; (to add/to remove a star) is acceptable, but there's a subtle inconsistency between the action itself and the actions' description. Adding a star to some entity and starring it are a slightly different things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, yet there is no exact (especially &quot;not slang&quot;) equivalent of &quot;star&quot;/&quot;unstar&quot; pair, words &quot;залайкать&quot;/&quot;отлайкать&quot; are very common in modern Russian web slang. Since those terms are very close in almost all cases, I'd recommend nervertheless this translation. I hardly believe you'll find anything more relevant. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-07-20T21:15:51.983" LastActivityDate="2013-07-20T21:15:51.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2450" CreationDate="2013-07-20T23:47:37.507" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;star&lt;/code&gt; I would tranlate as &lt;code&gt;Выделить&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;Отметить&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;unstar&lt;/code&gt; I would translate as &lt;code&gt;Снять выделение&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;Снять отметку&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't see any more eloquent variants as loquacious &lt;code&gt;Снять выделение&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Снять отметку&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastActivityDate="2013-07-20T23:47:37.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2212" CreationDate="2013-07-20T23:55:58.483" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильно &lt;code&gt;на Github&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для запоминания можно применять фразу &lt;code&gt;на [сайте] Github&lt;/code&gt;. По-русски не скажут &lt;code&gt;в сайте&lt;/code&gt; (это звучит неправильно), скажут &lt;code&gt;на сайте&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastActivityDate="2013-07-20T23:55:58.483" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2450" CreationDate="2013-07-21T05:36:19.990" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to previous answers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;star&lt;/strong&gt; — &quot;проголосовать&quot;, &quot;проголосовать «за»&quot;, &quot;отдать свой голос&quot; (up-vote)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;unstar&lt;/strong&gt; — &quot;проголосовать «против»&quot;, &quot;снять свой голос&quot; (down-vote)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;star/unstar&lt;/strong&gt; — &quot;поставить(дать, отдать) звезду&quot;/&quot;снять(убрать, забрать) звезду&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;star/unstar&lt;/strong&gt; — &quot;плюсануть&quot;/&quot;минусануть&quot; (slang, to click on 'plus' or 'minus')&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2013-07-21T05:36:19.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2450" CreationDate="2013-07-23T15:22:27.340" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если брать в качестве примера тот же самый GitHub, то имеет смысл рассмотреть практическую значимость &quot;проставления звезд&quot;: люди используют их для того, чтобы:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1. Выразить свое положительное отношение к проекту.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2. Иметь возможность быстрого доступа к проектам, интересующим пользователя.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Исходя из этих значений можно формулировать краткие аналоги для русского языка, при этом совершенно не обязательно использовать глаголы. Вот несколько подходящих вариантов:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Интересно / Не интересно&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Поддержать / Не поддерживать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Отметить / Снять отметку&lt;/strong&gt; (предложено ovgolovin)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;В избранное / Удалить из избранного&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Нравится / Не нравится&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Важно / Не важно&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если немного отвлечься от концепции GitHub, в котором функция отслеживания является отдельной возможностью, то в каких-то случаях могут подойти слова &lt;strong&gt;Отслеживать/Не отслеживать&lt;/strong&gt;. В любом случае, при переводе данной функциональности нужно рассматривать, в чем заключается смысл данной функции в конкретном сервисе/приложении/и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1305" LastActivityDate="2013-07-23T15:22:27.340" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2229" CreationDate="2013-07-24T09:15:01.067" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;же-particle normally, to the best of my knowledge, seldom, if ever, takes final position in a sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's check this using &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruscorpora.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian National Corpus&lt;/a&gt;. Internet speech is very close to the spoken speech. However many people are not good with typing and tend to write shorter sentences. Anyway, let's check the Spoken corpus that contains transcripts of the speech from movies and magnetic tape records of public and private speech. I took the version of the corpus that disambiguates particles and conjunctions. Here are the results:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=fol1&amp;amp;mycorp=%28%28tagging%253A%2522manual%2522%29%29&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=216112&amp;amp;mysentsize=33686&amp;amp;dpp=10&amp;amp;spp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;mode=spoken&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E6%E5&amp;amp;gramm1=PART&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;lang=ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;787 entries contain particle же&lt;/a&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=fol1&amp;amp;mycorp=%28%28tagging%253A%2522manual%2522%29%29&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=216112&amp;amp;mysentsize=33686&amp;amp;dpp=10&amp;amp;spp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;mode=spoken&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E6%E5&amp;amp;gramm1=PART&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;flags1=last&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;flags2=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;62 entries where же is placed at the end of the sentence&lt;/a&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=fol1&amp;amp;mycorp=%28%28tagging%253A%2522manual%2522%29%29&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=216112&amp;amp;mysentsize=33686&amp;amp;dpp=10&amp;amp;spp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;mode=spoken&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=*&amp;amp;gramm1=S&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=%E6%E5&amp;amp;gramm2=PART&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;flags2=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;15 entries where же is placed after a noun&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see же is used at the end of the sentence in 8% of all cases - not so often, but it is not so rare as well. As for же after a noun at the end of the sentence, looks like the manually tagged corpus is too small to show such case: if there are still 8% then out of 15 entries there should be only 1. But if searched in disambiguated version the amount is close to 10%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though if we look closely on examples of usage of же after a noun, 3 of them come before pause:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ну уничтожение же&lt;/strong&gt;/ они же уничтожали те нации / которые считали низшими как бы. [Беседа в Москве // Фонд «Общественное мнение», 2003]&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Какой-то процент же есть же&lt;/strong&gt; / смотрят же. [Беседа в Москве // Фонд «Общественное мнение», 2003]&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Не Лукьяненко же&lt;/strong&gt; / или кто у нас там сельсовет в Госдуме? [Беседа в Новосибирске // Фонд «Общественное мнение», 2000]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In such case almost 20% of such cases match the pattern &amp;quot;комментарий же&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if we look at non-disambiguated corpus the numbers are almost the same:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=fol1&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;dpp=10&amp;amp;spp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;mode=spoken&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E6%E5&amp;amp;gramm1=PART&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;flags2=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;43 213 entries with the particle же&lt;/a&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=fol1&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;dpp=10&amp;amp;spp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;mode=spoken&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E6%E5&amp;amp;gramm1=PART&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;flags1=last&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;flags2=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3 707 entries with the particle же at the end of the sentence&lt;/a&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=fol1&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;dpp=10&amp;amp;spp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;mode=spoken&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=*&amp;amp;gramm1=S&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=%E6%E5&amp;amp;gramm2=PART&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;flags2=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2 794 entries with the particle же after a noun&lt;/a&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=fol1&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;dpp=10&amp;amp;spp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;mode=spoken&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=*&amp;amp;gramm1=S&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=%E6%E5&amp;amp;gramm2=PART&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;flags2=last&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;308 entries with the particle же after a noun at the end of the sentence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, 8.5% times же is placed at the end of the sentence. If we require that the же is placed after a noun then the number of such expressions at the end of the sentence is 11%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кстати / с днём рождения! У вас сегодня &lt;strong&gt;день рождения же.&lt;/strong&gt; Да? [Шаши Мартынова, Елена Лихачева. Интервью в передаче «Они сделали это» // Finam_FM, 2009]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Сеня, муж] Командный. [Юля, жен] &lt;strong&gt;Начальник же.&lt;/strong&gt; [Оля, жен] У меня был такой в детстве. [Разговоры за игрой в карты (2009)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Сергей] Да я про театр совершенно забыл. [Костя] Точно, &lt;strong&gt;театр же!&lt;/strong&gt; Так возьми такси, может, успеешь ещё. [Карен Шахназаров и др. Исчезнувшая империя, к/ф (2008)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Алла, жен, 22] А как терь учиться буишь кста? [Даша, жен, 20] Дык я не учусь / &lt;strong&gt;практика же!&lt;/strong&gt; [Алла, жен, 22] Везет тебе! [В гостях у подруги. Разговор московских студенток (2007)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Мужчина1] Я говорил / стакан и бутылка! [Мужчина2] Ну да / &lt;strong&gt;ну и тарелка же&lt;/strong&gt;. [Мужчина1] Ну и… тарелка. [Городок (юмористическая передача), вып. 39-40, 49-52 (1995-1998)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for beginning of the usage &amp;quot;noun + particle at the end of the sentence&amp;quot;. I searched in main corpus for &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=fol1&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=*&amp;amp;gramm1=S&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=%E6%E5&amp;amp;gramm2=PART&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=last&amp;amp;m2=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;such structure&lt;/a&gt; and according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;env=fol1&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=*&amp;amp;gramm1=S&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=%E6%E5&amp;amp;gramm2=PART&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=last&amp;amp;m2=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this chart&lt;/a&gt; (you can get it by clicking &amp;quot;Распределение по годам&amp;quot; link) it looks like there is no big difference between modern usage and with usage during previous 180 years. Though currently we have local maximum of usage after local minimum at the beginning of 2000. In fact global maximum is around 1910.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8hseM.png&quot; alt=&quot;Frequency of usage noun + же at the end of the sentence&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it doesn't look to me that it is something newly invented.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-07-24T09:15:01.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2449" CreationDate="2013-07-24T11:02:24.180" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, these words are cognates. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to etymolgical dictionaries, the Russian word &lt;strong&gt;рейс&lt;/strong&gt; wasn't borrowed from German but rather from Dutch where it is known as &lt;strong&gt;reis&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both the German &lt;strong&gt;Reise&lt;/strong&gt; and the Dutch &lt;strong&gt;reis&lt;/strong&gt; have the same origin and are derived from Old High German &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reisen#Etymology_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;reisa&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (“a setting out, expedtion, journey”) from Proto-Germanic *raisōną (“to set out, depart”), from Proto-Indo-European *rei- (“to rise, arise”). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This word has cognates in many languages: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;North Frisian &lt;em&gt;reyse&lt;/em&gt; (“travel, expedition”), Danish &lt;em&gt;rejse&lt;/em&gt; (“journey,&#xA;  trip, travel”), Swedish &lt;em&gt;resa&lt;/em&gt; (“trip, journey”), Old English &lt;em&gt;rāsian&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  (“to explore, examine, research”).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1839" LastActivityDate="2013-07-24T11:02:24.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2459" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2461" CreationDate="2013-07-25T15:42:21.083" Score="8" ViewCount="3505" Body="&lt;p&gt;Современные словари определяют слово кощун как &quot;насмешник, богохульник&quot;.&#xA;Однако в &quot;Материалах для словаря древнерусского языка&quot; Срезневского напротив слов кощуна, коштяна, коштюна написано &quot;μύθος, λήρος, басня, вздоръ&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2v0Qb.png&quot; alt=&quot;басня, вздоръ&quot;&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что же означало это слово? В интернете много сомнительных источников, которые охотно принимают вариант перевода &quot;миф&quot; и утверждают, что с приходом христианства все эти &quot;мифы&quot; стали считаться в лучшем случае баснями и вздором, а в худшем случае - оскорблением религиозных святынь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И все-таки, есть ли основания для перевода слова &quot;кощун&quot; словом &quot;миф&quot;? В какой степени можно их отождествлять? Можно ли, например, думать что у славян были мифы-кощуны о героях, подобные греческим? Или кощуны в лучшем случае были небылицами?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE&lt;/strong&gt; В &lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/sl18/slov-abc/11/sla21801.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Словаре русского языка XVIII в.&lt;/a&gt; обнаружил слово &lt;em&gt;кощунья&lt;/em&gt;, несколько выпадающее из ряда слов производных от &quot;шутка, насмешка&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;КОЩУ́НЬЯ, и, ж. (Един.) Гадалка, ворожея. &lt;em&gt;Вопрошающия особы болтливы, и для того объявляют такой кощуньѣ наперед всѣ свои чаяния; а она располагает свои отвѣты всегда по сим мнѣниям. Жив. 148.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-09-17T14:41:22.950" LastActivityDate="2019-10-14T22:31:20.930" Title="Значение слова кощун в средние века" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="222" CreationDate="2013-07-25T18:34:17.137" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian &quot;х&quot; sounds kind of like the Latin &quot;H&quot; except with a more guttural sound (like Hebrew &quot;ח&quot; except less harsh). Your problem with &quot;г&quot;  is that in Ukrainian, &quot;г&quot; is equivalent to Latin &quot;H&quot; , and Russian &quot;г&quot; is equivalent to &quot;ґ&quot;. That's probably a bit confusing, but I hope it helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1874" LastActivityDate="2013-07-25T18:34:17.137" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2459" CreationDate="2013-07-25T18:55:44.483" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Согласно Фасмеру,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Насмешник, богохульник, укр. кощун, болг. кощун, - то же, кощуня - &quot;хитрю, интригую, насмехаюсь&quot;. Вероятно, от костить, так же есть толкование как заиствование из тюркско-булгарского, ср. соответствующее ему тат. koštan- &quot;корыстный человек&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть приведённому Срезневским толкованию ничего не противоречит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А вот логический вывод от смысла &quot;басня, вздор&quot; и далее, через &quot;небылицу&quot;, в &quot;миф&quot; - это спекуляция чистейшей воды. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы очень мало знаем про дохристианскую Русь, есть большие основания полагать, что христианизация произошла и стремительно и жестоко, но трактовать так этимологию слова кощунство имея на руках те данные, что мы имеем сейчас - чистая спекуляция.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-09-18T03:09:57.523" LastActivityDate="2013-09-18T03:09:57.523" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1552" CreationDate="2013-07-25T19:35:34.040" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;While I believe that both answers provided actually answer your question, there is still some information you may find relevant to the issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, the fact that the modern Russian T is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoglyph&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;homoglyphic&lt;/a&gt; to the Latin T should not confuse you. @yellowsky has provided an image of T as it had been shaped earlier, before Peter I's reforms. Actually, this is almost the end of the evolution of this letter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/a&gt; from Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В славянской письменности буква Т имела несколько разновидностей&#xA;  начертания: наряду с обычным т-образным рано возникло трёхногое&#xA;  m-образное; в старопечатных украинских книгах обнаруживается тенденция&#xA;  к орфографическому разграничению этих начертаний (впрочем, до&#xA;  полностью формализованного и обязательного правила не дошедшая). А&#xA;  именно, т писали в начале слов, а m — в середине; но если слово было&#xA;  не славянским, а заимствованным, то и в середине слова ставили т.&#xA;  Сверх того существовало и «высокое» начертание этой буквы, похожее на&#xA;  цифру «7»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Short summary: the three-legged shape happily existed and even co-existed with the one-legged form. In old Ukrainian books one can find that the т-form had been used in initial positions, while m - in the middle of words (except loan-words).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going even further, there is some evidence that Cyrillic script was at least heavily influenced by (if not a direct ancestor of) the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glagolitic_alphabet&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Glagolitic alphabet&lt;/a&gt;, and here's what Glagolitic t looked like:&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZFrEI.png&quot; alt=&quot;Shape of Glagolitic letter &amp;quot;t&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Macedonian language, for example, the letter T is still written as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nLICt.png&quot; alt=&quot;Macedonian letter T&quot;&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See, it is basically an inverted form (compared to Russian) with an additional line above - in order to look different from ш.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, actually this three-leggedness is quite common in Cyrillic scripts and quite an old story.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-11-15T14:52:36.870" LastActivityDate="2016-11-15T14:52:36.870" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2463" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2465" CreationDate="2013-07-26T05:19:19.277" Score="9" ViewCount="1710" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was told that &quot;мне хорошо&quot; would sound very strange as a response to &quot;как дела&quot;, and indeed I've never seen or heard in such a context, but I don't completely understand why. I've seen it in contexts like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне хорошо рядом с тобой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is it about the construction that makes it acceptable in this context, but not as a response to &quot;как дела&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="197" LastActivityDate="2016-04-09T20:00:43.253" Title="Why is &quot;мне хорошо&quot; an odd response to &quot;как дела&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2463" CreationDate="2013-07-26T05:29:54.047" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;У меня всё хорошо&quot; will be OK - I guess this is a phrase you are looking for actually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мне хорошо&quot; is actually close to &quot;I feel good&quot;, not &quot;I'm fine&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So imagine a dialog&#xA;A: How are you?&#xA;B: I'm feeling good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A little bit odd, isn't it? )))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2013-07-26T05:29:54.047" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2463" CreationDate="2013-07-26T05:32:54.123" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;This response is wrong both grammatically and semantically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как дела?&quot; literally means &quot;How well are your deals?&quot;. So the answer should be about the deals. For example you can answer &quot;Спасибо, мои дела идут хорошо.&quot; &quot;Thanks, my deals are going well&quot;. When answering &quot;Мне хорошо&quot; you do not answer the asked question, because it refers to you rather than the deals. That's why the answer is grammatically incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also incorrect semantically because &quot;Как дела?&quot; refers to overall state of affairs of your life, while &quot;Мне хорошо&quot; means you feel pleasure just now. In fact your affairs can be bad but you still can feel pleasure currently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the proposed dialog looks like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-How well are your affairs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-I feel pleasure now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Really there is no much meaning in it. It makes impression that you are a drug addict whose business is to feel pleasure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-07-26T05:39:20.507" LastActivityDate="2013-07-26T05:39:20.507" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2304" CreationDate="2013-07-26T12:23:57.860" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first one means &quot;just as well&quot; which is also, in a sense, redundant, so your intuition is correct. &lt;em&gt;I can/will inflate it with my mouth (just as well)&lt;/em&gt;. Often one can also translate this usage of &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; as &quot;too&quot; or &quot;also&quot;, too ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one is not a standalone word but a part of the compound particle &lt;em&gt;так и&lt;/em&gt; which means &quot;in the end&quot; here (there are other meanings too). It &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; be used without an explicit negative: *всех покормила, а сама так и осталась голодной&quot; &lt;em&gt;I have fed them all but stayed hungry myself in the end&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="248" LastActivityDate="2013-07-26T12:23:57.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="187" CreationDate="2013-07-27T11:08:01.957" Score="-2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Есть ли точный перевод?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;буквально &quot;ахуеть&quot; означает &quot;обрести член&quot;, &quot;иметь член&quot;,  &quot;проити процесс полового созревания&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Часто говорят с возмущением &quot;ты ахуел?!\ты совсем ахуел?!&quot;, что означает (иронично) &quot;ты теперь считаешь себя мужчиной?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;этот парень совсем ахуел&quot;, что означает &quot;этот парень теперь считает себя сильным\мужчиной и теперь позволяет себе большее чем раньше, ведет себя необоснованно самоуверенно&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Такое значение слово &quot;ахуел&quot; имеет, если говорят &quot;ахуел&quot; с возмущением и недовольством.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Позднее это слово стали применять и в значении крайней степени удивления.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1880" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-07-27T11:14:16.150" LastActivityDate="2013-07-27T11:14:16.150" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2477" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-07-27T12:00:32.127" Score="-1" ViewCount="316" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw this on taboeba.org and it seems wrong to me:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Доктор не должен брать подарков у небогатых людей.  &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd translate the given Russian as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;The doctor must not take gifts from the poor.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since there is the notion of past continuous action (would not take) here wouldn't this be more accurate: (?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Доктор не брал подарков у небогатых людей.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1881" LastActivityDate="2013-07-29T10:36:25.030" Title="Translation to Russian: &quot;The doctor would not take any gifts from the poor.&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2013-07-29T11:41:51.710" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2477" CreationDate="2013-07-27T13:29:23.777" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess this should be translated as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;A doctor should not accept gifts...&quot; it is not about some certain person who had not taken an action, it is about an ethic rule any doctor should follow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Be warned, this Stack is not about questions on translations &lt;strong&gt;to&lt;/strong&gt; English, but as far as you are actually asking about the correctness of initial form, then well, first form is correct. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-07-27T13:39:59.893" LastActivityDate="2013-07-27T13:39:59.893" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2479" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2480" CreationDate="2013-07-28T01:14:47.583" Score="10" ViewCount="1006" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was trying to do an on the spot translation of children's book, that had the phrases, &amp;quot;baby bear, baby whale, baby etc&amp;quot; I wasn't sure because Russian doesn't seem to covert nouns to adjective as easily as English does. So I tried google translate and seemed to get a bunch of possibilities&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see a baby whale. Baby foxes live with me. I live with baby foxes.&#xA;Baby bears prefer blondes. Baby rabbits never go far from their&#xA;mothers. This is a baby rhinoceros. Baby tigers are delicious. Baby tigers prefer dark meat. The chef boiled the baby tiger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я вижу ребенка кита. Детские лисы жить со мной. Я живу с ребенком лис.&#xA;Мишки предпочитают блондинок. Детские кролики не уезжать далеко от&#xA;своих матерей. Это ребенок носорога. Детские тигров восхитительны. Детские тигры предпочитают темное мясо. Повар варил тигренка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ребенка кита, с ребенком лис and ребенок носорога look wrong, but I don't know why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мишки, тигренка - looks okay, but is there really a special word for each kind of baby animal, including, say baby pangolins?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Детские кролики - looks like this means childish rabbit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(yeah, I know I should quite my job and go learn this at a Uni instead of using google translate, but I got bills to pay)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="967" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-07-28T13:28:15.883" Title="Baby fox, baby lion, baby X" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2479" CreationDate="2013-07-28T02:20:17.183" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian has the names of most baby animals as separate, distinct nouns, they are formed after the following pattern: [the name of the animal] + -ёнок / -онок, the plural is [the name of the animal] + -ята / -ата, both with all the palatalization phenomena in the root,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;лиса - лисёнок (Pl. лисята)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;волк - волчонок (Pl. волчата)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;медведь - медвежонок (Pl. медвежата)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кот - котёнок (Pl. котята)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;рысь - рысёнок (Pl. рысята)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;лев - львёнок (Pl. львята)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;лягушка - лягушонок (Pl. лягушата)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some special cases, when the name of the baby animal is formed from a different root than the name of the adult one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;корова - телёнок (Pl. телята)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;лошадь, конь - жеребёнок (Pl. жеребята)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;овца - ягнёнок (Pl. ягнята)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;свинья - поросёнок (Pl. поросята)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;собака - щенок (Pl. щенки or щенята)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;курица - цыплёнок (Pl. цыплята)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For some exotic animals, like rhinoceros or pangolin, there is no noun in -ёнок / -онок, you form the name of the baby animal this way: детёныш + [the name of the animal in Genitive case]. The word &lt;code&gt;ребёнок&lt;/code&gt; does not apply here, it refers only to human babies and human children, never to animals, &lt;code&gt;детёныш&lt;/code&gt; is what is used for baby animals. You have got to consult a dictionary of Russian to find out if the word in -ёнок / -онок exists, if it does not, use the детёныш + [the name of the animal in Genitive case] pattern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;baby rhinoceros - детёныш носорога&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;baby pangolin - детёныш панголина&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English way of calling babies of big animals 'а calf' (Russian &lt;code&gt;телёнок&lt;/code&gt;, like elephant calf, whale calf) does not apply in Russian, &lt;code&gt;телёнок&lt;/code&gt; refers only to the bovine babies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your text, the baby animals' names in it are like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;baby whale - китёнок&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;baby foxes - лисята&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;baby bears - медвежата&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;baby rabbits - крольчата&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;baby rhinoceros - детёныш носорога&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;baby tiger -  тигрёнок, Pl. тигрята&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-07-28T13:28:15.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2481" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2483" CreationDate="2013-07-28T23:17:15.303" Score="4" ViewCount="889" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian there's no such thing like distinguishing between long and short vowels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is - are there, nevertheless, any orthographic rules for representing long vowers in Russian. Does a double short vowel fit into the orthography ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, in Mongolian long vowels are represented as follows: ɑː &amp;lt;аа&gt;, iː &amp;lt;ии&gt;, uː &amp;lt;уу&gt;, eː &amp;lt;ээ&gt;, oː &amp;lt;оо&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1886" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-07-29T07:52:52.990" LastActivityDate="2013-07-29T07:52:57.647" Title="Representing long vowels in Russian Cyrillic" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2477" CreationDate="2013-07-29T04:11:36.850" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Доктор не станет брать подарков у бедных&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;In fact, &lt;code&gt;would/would not&lt;/code&gt; can be translated in several ways, but I believe that it means &lt;code&gt;will not&lt;/code&gt; in this example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1376" LastEditorUserId="1376" LastEditDate="2013-07-29T10:36:25.030" LastActivityDate="2013-07-29T10:36:25.030" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2481" CreationDate="2013-07-29T06:03:19.930" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since Russian doesn't differentiate between long and short vowels, this difference will often be omitted for most foreign words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так, средствами русской графики, как правило, не передается различие в долготе и краткости гласных. Действительно, почти никогда не обозначается долгота немецких гласных двойными русскими при их передаче; более того, написания вроде Швериин, Рююген, Бааден, Оодер и т. п., очевидно, вызвали бы по меньшей мере удивление. Однако дело здесь было бы не столько в неправильности принципа передачи долгого гласного языка-подлинника двумя русскими гласными, сколько в новизне и неоправданном усложнении передачи. &lt;a href=&quot;http://norse.ulver.com/articles/berkov/names.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Russian orthographic system does not usually render the difference&#xA;  between short and long vowels. In fact, German long vowels are hardly&#xA;  ever transcribed with a double letter in Russian; furthermore,&#xA;  spellings like &lt;em&gt;Швериин&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Рююген&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Бааден&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Оодер&lt;/em&gt; etc. would&#xA;  obviously be surprising. However, it wouldn't be for the reason of&#xA;  unacceptability of using a double vowel in Russian to represent a long&#xA;  vowel, but rather it would defy custom and unnecessarily complicate&#xA;  the spelling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, double letters are sometimes used in Russian to transcribe long vowels of some languages. One example is &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Finnish&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;для обозначения долгих гласных финского языка употребляются во всех позициях последовательно два русских буквенных знака.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Two sequential Russian letters are used to represent long Finnish&#xA;  vowels in all positions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Aavasaksa=Аавасакса, Koillismaa=Койллисмаа&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the rule of thumb would be: use a single vowel in Russian regardless of whether the vowel is long or short in the original, unless there is a tradition in Russian orthography of using double vowels for this particular language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1839" LastActivityDate="2013-07-29T06:03:19.930" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2484" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2481" CreationDate="2013-07-29T06:16:00.063" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This depends on whether the piece in question create one or two syllables.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there are two syllables (i.e. vowel &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiatus_%28linguistics%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;hiatus&lt;/a&gt;), the vowel should be doubled (note that the second vowel letter should be non-iotized, so no юю, but should be юу or уу).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is only one syllable (i.e., long vowel proper), the vowel length should not be indicated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-07-29T06:16:00.063" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1865" CreationDate="2013-07-29T10:27:05.787" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not an easy task to define the semantic role of the Genitive case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In a number of Indo-European languages, the genitive case exhibits a great variety of semantic functions, expressing meanings as diverse as the agent of an action and the constituent material (out of which something is made), the possessor and the Standard of comparison. Some of these meanings denote more concrete relationships while others denote more abstract ones between the modifier and the modifying noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From an abstractionist approach,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;One of the inevitable conclusions of the general/abstract analysis, is that the possible interpretations of the genitive morpheme should be indefinite, given that there are infinite and indefinite imaginable contexts and noun-noun combinations. This would seem to suggest that there is (are) really no conventional meaning(s) attached to the genitive morpheme, other than, that is, a very abstract meaning which, depending on the context, can be realized in a thousand different ways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Trying to find the general meaning of the Genitive case in Russian, Jakobson came to a conclusion that it is used to &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;indicate the limit of the referent's involvement in the content of the utterance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You might be interested in reading this linguistic work on the topic: &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://typo.uni-konstanz.de/ocs-uploads/conferences/1/schedConfs/1/papers/reading-list/cogl.1991.2.2.149.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The meanings of the genitive: A case study in semantic structure and semantic change&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. All of the above citations come from there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, Russian genitive has a wide variety of meanings probably comparable to the genitive of Classical Greek which is among the languages with the largest number of genitive meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at the classification provided in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitive_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, I'll give you some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;possession&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;inalienable possession (&quot;глаза кошки&quot;, &quot;вес слона&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;alienable possession (&quot;платье моей мамы&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;relationship indicated by the noun being modified (&quot;муж Марии&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;composition (partly similar in meaning to the partitive case in other languages): &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;substance (&quot;кусок мяса&quot;, &quot;кубик сахара&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;elements (&quot;группа людей&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;participation in an action: &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;as an agent (the subjective genitive) (&quot;любовь матери&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;origin (&quot;жители Рима&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;reference (&quot;столица России&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;description (&quot;человек чести&quot;, &quot;день возмездия&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More categories can be added to the list and some categories can be further expanded to zoom in on more detaled meanings. Also, take a look at the section on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitive_case#Slavic_languages&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Slavic languages&lt;/a&gt; in the above mentioned Wikipedia article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1839" LastActivityDate="2013-07-29T10:27:05.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2486" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2488" CreationDate="2013-07-30T12:29:43.773" Score="9" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase я ошибся is past tense but doesn't include an л near the end. Are there any other examples of this phenomenon?  I asked some native speakers and they couldn't think of any.  One of them proposed that this might be a special property of the verbs that only have a form ending with -ся, but this isn't the case since the past tense for надеятся, смеяться, and улыбаться uses л.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2013-07-30T14:23:46.523" Title="past tense without л" Tags="&lt;окончания&gt;&lt;tense&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2488" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2486" CreationDate="2013-07-30T14:23:46.523" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a number of verbs that do not take &quot;-л-&quot; to form past masculine forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those are verbs that have the stem ending in -с, -з, -б, -г, -к, -р in the past tense. For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;нести -&gt; нёс, спасти -&gt; спас, трясти -&gt; тряс, везти -&gt; вёз, ползти -&gt;&#xA;  полз, лезть -&gt; лез, грызть -&gt; грыз, грести -&gt; грёб, скрести -&gt; скрёб,&#xA;  ошибиться -&gt; ошиб-ся, ушибить(ся) -&gt; ушиб-(ся), мочь -&gt; мог, умереть -&gt; умер&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &quot;-л-&quot; is missing only in masculine forms. Feminine, neuter and plural forms all take &quot;-л-&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я/ты/она несла, спасла, лезла, гребла, ошиблась, могла etc. мы/вы/они&#xA;  несли, спасли, лезли гребли, ошиблись, могли etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The explanation for this that I could find is that in Old Russian, short participle forms (that in modern Russian are used for past tense) took gender endings -ъ(masculine), -а(feminine), -о(neuter).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;писалъ - писала - писало, моглъ - могла - могло&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later the weak reduced vowel -ъ was dropped, and pronouncing consonant clusters like &quot;-сл-, -зл-, -бл-, -гл-, -кл-, -рл-&quot; at the end of a word became more problematic. &quot;-л-&quot; was often devoiced or hard to pronounce in words like *спасл, *могл, *умерл and was later dropped as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It didn't happen with feminine, neuter and plural endings because there was a vowel following &quot;-л-&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1839" LastActivityDate="2013-07-30T14:23:46.523" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2489" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2490" CreationDate="2013-07-30T14:39:20.877" Score="7" ViewCount="373" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am dealing with books explaining different ways to pronounce letters in Russias. Below are examples of some of the cases and pronunciations for those cases that vary. How do I make sense of all this and find out what is the correct way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Small differences in the examples of English words that have an &amp;quot;A&amp;quot; that sounds like the stressed &amp;quot;Ah&amp;quot;  sound -&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;C&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;r / C&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;lm / F&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;ther / &lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;rm -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Adding more cases when A makes the stressed &amp;quot;Ah&amp;quot; Sound&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One books adds that not only when 'A', is stressed should it sound like &amp;quot;AH,&amp;quot; but it should also sound like &amp;quot;AH&amp;quot; when located at the syllable before the stressed syllable. Example - такси (tahk-SEE)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Inconsistency on when 'A' makes the &amp;quot;Uh&amp;quot; sound&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One books says 'A' makes the &amp;quot;Uh&amp;quot; sound when otherwise ( not in the stressed / unstressed syllable, ) while another books has a more expansive definition of &amp;quot;otherwise.&amp;quot; It explains that the letter 'A' makes the &amp;quot;Uh&amp;quot; sound when 'A' is in any syllable following the stressed syllable. Another book claims the 'A' makes the &amp;quot;Uh&amp;quot; sound when unstressed and is NOT located in the syllable immediately before the stressed syllable. Another books says 'A' makes the &amp;quot;UH&amp;quot; sound when it is unstressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;One books adding a &amp;quot;EE&amp;quot; sound rule to A&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only one book says that 'A' will make a &amp;quot;EE&amp;quot; sound when it is located after a soft consonant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Inconsistency on when 'A' makes the unstressed &amp;quot;Ah&amp;quot; sound&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One books says 'A' makes the unstressed and softer &amp;quot;Ah&amp;quot; sound ( a softer less distinct a in father arm car ) when unstressed and located in syllable immediately before the stressed syllable. On the other hand, another book has a less exact rule, saying 'A' makes this sound when simply unstressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A side note: Since the books vary a tiny bit for the stressed 'A', the unstressed 'A' will vary a bit in sound also from book to book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="525" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-07-30T16:17:27.750" Title="Inconsistencies books pronunciation" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2489" CreationDate="2013-07-30T16:10:55.847" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is really no inconsistency. Just slightly different views. Additionally, it seems like the authors in your books use analogies with English which is fine to get a rough idea of how a sound is pronounced but if you want more precision, then you'll have to resort to IPA transcription.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You say,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;One books adds that not only when 'A', is stressed should it sound like &quot;AH,&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, what you are talking about is the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stressed position: [a] -&gt; [ɑ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In stressed position, the letter а is usually pronounced [ä] which is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;open central unrounded vowel&lt;/a&gt;. It sounds kind of like '&lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;' in the word 'car' or 'father', but unlike it, your tongue shouldn't be retracted to far in the back of your mouth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;там [t̪äm] 'there' (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File%3aRu-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC.ogg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;click here to listen&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;/a/ is retracted to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;open back unrounded vowel&lt;/a&gt; [ɑ̟] before /l/ as in &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;палка [ˈpɑ̟ɫkə] 'stick'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[ɑ̟] sounds just like 'a' in the words 'car' or 'father'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between [ä] and [ɑ̟] bears little significance to Russian speakers. It is just slightly more natural to pronounce them a little differently. So if you can't hear any difference just stick with &quot;father-like&quot; a. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Then you say,&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;but it should also sound like &quot;AH&quot; when located at the syllable before the stressed syllable. Example - такси (tahk-SEE)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From here, you start to deal with so-called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_reduction_in_Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;vowel reduction&lt;/a&gt;, which consists of two levels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;First level reduction:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the syllable immediately before the stress (like in 'такси') and in absolute word-initial position, /a/ reduces to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;near-open central vowel&lt;/a&gt; [ɐ] (sometimes also transcribed as [ʌ]), similar to 'u' in the word 'nut'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;паром [pɐˈrom] 'ferry'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Second level reduction:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all other locations, /a/ is reduced further to a short, poorly enunciated &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-central_vowel&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;schwa&lt;/a&gt; [ə].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;облако [ˈobləkə] 'cloud', это [ˈɛt̪ə] 'this' (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File%3aRu-%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE.ogg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;click to listen&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You go on to say,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;while another books has a more expansive definition of &quot;otherwise.&quot; It explains that the letter 'A' makes the &quot;Uh&quot; sound when 'A' is in any syllable following the stressed syllable. Another book claims the 'A' makes the &quot;Uh&quot; sound when unstressed and is NOT located in the syllable immediately before the stressed syllable. Another books says 'A' makes the &quot;UH&quot; sound when it is unstressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's going on here is nicely addressed in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_reduction_in_Russian#Back_vowels&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In practice, the second reduction has a gradient character: if the vowel in question is afforded enough duration (e.g. due to hyperarticulation), it may be pronounced as [ɐ]. Shorter durations have the effect of gradually transforming [ɐ] into schwa. It has been argued recently that the change of sound quality during second-degree reduction is merely an artifact of duration-dependent &quot;phonetic undershoot&quot;, the situation where the speaker intends to pronounce [ɐ], but the limited time budget constrains the likelihood of the tongue being able to arrive at the intended vowel target. During fast speech, reduction ultimately may result in the vowel being dropped altogether, and the preceding consonant slightly lengthened or turned into a syllabic consonant: сапоги [sːpɐˈɡʲi], vs. [səpɐˈɡʲi] ('boots')&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;And finally, when you say,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Only one book says that 'A' will make a &quot;EE&quot; sound when it is located&#xA;  after a soft consonant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You're talking about &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatalization&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;palatalization&lt;/a&gt;. /a/ is pronounced as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;near-open front unrounded vowel&lt;/a&gt; [æ], similar to 'a' in the word 'cat'. (I don't know why your book talks about &quot;ee&quot; instead. This is wrong, at least for stressed syllables).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пять  [pʲætʲ] 'five' (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File%3aRu-%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;listen&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that /a/ will be spelled as '&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;' to show that the preceding consonant is soft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When 'я' is reduced in unstressed syllable, it will sound like &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;[ɪ]&lt;/a&gt;, similar to 'i' in the word 'bit'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;язык [jɪˈzɨk] ('tongue')&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1839" LastEditorUserId="1839" LastEditDate="2013-07-30T16:17:27.750" LastActivityDate="2013-07-30T16:17:27.750" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2491" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2492" CreationDate="2013-07-31T11:29:26.307" Score="8" ViewCount="319" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quoting &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianlessons.net/lessons/lesson11_main.php&quot;&gt;this article on Russian plurals&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the number is 1, or the number ends in the word “один” (example: 1, 21, 61) (but not 11), then you should use the case (singular) that is suitable for the position in the sentence. The number one declines like an adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What exactly does that mean? Are numbers ending with 1 used in singular ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: I would appreciate it if someone could provide some examples of those numbers in proper sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1890" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-08-01T05:15:53.777" LastActivityDate="2013-08-01T05:15:53.777" Title="Numbers ending in 1" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2491" CreationDate="2013-07-31T12:26:59.420" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The number 1 or the word &amp;quot;один&amp;quot; takes singular forms of nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В комнате был только один человек. (There was only one person-SINGULAR&#xA;in the room).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is true for all numbers that end in &amp;quot;один&amp;quot; (the actual word you say, not the last digit, so it's different for 11 'одиннадцать'):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В июле 31 / тридцать один день. (July has 31 day-SINGULAR)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11 / одиннадцать does not end in &amp;quot;один&amp;quot;, but rather in &amp;quot;-надцать&amp;quot;. That's why a different rule applies to this number. It doesn't defy logic and takes plural noun forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он спал 11 часов. (He slept for 11 hours-PLURAL+GENITIVE.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &amp;quot;один&amp;quot; can be declined for gender and case (so it behaves similar to adjectives):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;одна девочка (one-FEMININE+NOMINATIVE girl)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;один мальчик (one-MASCULINE+NOMINATIVE boy)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;одно слово (one-NEUTER+NOMINATIVE word)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я знаю одну девочку (I know one-FEMININE+ACCUSATIVE girl+ACCUSATIVE)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я знаю одного мальчика (I know one-MASCULINE+ACCUSATIVE boy+ACCUSATIVE)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я знаю одно слово (I know one-NEUTER+ACCUSATIVE word+ACCUSATIVE)&#xA;and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1839" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-08-01T04:59:09.793" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2494" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-01T11:26:52.190" Score="10" ViewCount="831" Body="&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- version 1.5&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- period at the end of a sentence&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- decimal point&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- stackoverflow.com&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="1547" LastEditDate="2013-08-01T12:23:09.710" LastActivityDate="2013-08-02T07:21:15.723" Title="What are the various ways to say &quot;.&quot; (period/dot/full stop)?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2494" CreationDate="2013-08-01T11:39:38.660" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most cases &lt;em&gt;точка&lt;/em&gt; is used, except for decimal delimiter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Версия один точка пять&lt;/code&gt; (or just &lt;em&gt;один пять&lt;/em&gt;);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;точка в конце предложения;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;десятичная &lt;strong&gt;запятая&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;стэковерфлоу точка ком&lt;/code&gt; (but usually just &lt;code&gt;стэковерфлоу ком&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian the delimiter between whole numbers and decimals after the &quot;decimal point&quot; is decimal comma. So, the correct way to call this delimiter is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;десятичная запятая (decimal point)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;числа с плавающей запятой (floating-point numbers)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пять знаков после запятой (five decimal places)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, nowadays most books on computer science is published in English and many people translate &quot;decimal point&quot; as &quot;десятичная точка&quot;, which is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In telegraphy the word точка is used for both 'dot' and 'stop' as well.&#xA;For example, Morse code for letter R is &lt;code&gt;• — •&lt;/code&gt; and it is pronounced as dot-dash-dot. In Russian it is pronounced as &lt;code&gt;точка-тире-точка&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In telegram 'STOP' is translated as 'ТЧК':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;SHIP ORANGES BARRELS STOP BROTHERS KARAMAZOV STOP&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is translated to Russian as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ГРУЗИТЕ АПЕЛЬСИНЫ БОЧКАХ ТЧК БРАТЬЯ КАРАМАЗОВЫ ТЧК&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-08-02T07:21:15.723" LastActivityDate="2013-08-02T07:21:15.723" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2494" CreationDate="2013-08-01T11:51:12.110" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most cases you either say &quot;точка&quot;, or nothing. In Russian, there are no different words for &quot;dot&quot;, &quot;period&quot; (in sense of punctuation) or &quot;full stop&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;version 1.5&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;версия один-пять&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;версия один-точка-пять.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;period at the end of a sentence&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;точка (e.g. &quot;Ты забыл поставить точку.&quot; - &quot;You forgot to put a period/full stop&quot;.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;decimal point&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian schools, as in most of Europe, the comma is used to delimit the fractional part, thus it's literally &quot;запятая&quot;. However, when reading numbers aloud, you're supposed to convert the notation to decimal fractions and read it like that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;20,3  -&gt; двадцать целых, три десятых = twenty wholes (=whole parts), three tenths (=one-tenth parts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;345,567 -&gt; триста сорок пять целых, пятьсот шестьдесят семь тысячных = 345 wholes, 567 thousandths&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In casual speech, most people don't bother, and use one of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;двадцать и три&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;двадцать запятая три&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;двадцать точка три (this is common among programmers who are used to the US notation)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the fractional part is .5, you can use &quot;с половиной&quot; (&quot;and one half&quot;) in casual speech:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;10.5 - десять и пять; десять с половиной&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes you can even omit the word for comma/period if it's clear from the context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ноль-пять (0,5) - commonly used to refer to a 0.5L liquor bottle, e.g. &quot;В магазине не забудь взять ноль-пять!&quot; (Don't forget to buy a bottle of vodka!)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;www.stackoverflow.com&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;три дубль-вэ (точка) стэковерфлоу (точка) ком&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вэ вэ вэ (точка) стэковерфлоу (точка) ком&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I.e. you don't have to read out the period if it's obvious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1547" LastEditorUserId="1547" LastEditDate="2013-08-01T13:08:14.330" LastActivityDate="2013-08-01T13:08:14.330" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2498" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2499" CreationDate="2013-08-06T09:17:53.810" Score="5" ViewCount="429" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard from a stranger a tongue-twister, from which I understood not a single word. It's supposed to be a particularly difficult short Russian phrase which, I was told, it's pronounced mostly when people get drunk and they tend to say bad words when they fail to pronounce it correctly. Which is this phrase or tongue-twister? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, the actual question is: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Which bad words emerge when it's pronounced?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-08-06T09:38:32.603" LastActivityDate="2013-08-26T06:25:24.787" Title="Famous tongue-twister which is pronounced in parties" Tags="&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2498" CreationDate="2013-08-06T10:17:22.800" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure, but maybe it was &lt;strong&gt;Прыжок с переподвыподвертом&lt;/strong&gt; or (simpler case) &lt;strong&gt;Прыжок с подвыподвертом&lt;/strong&gt;. This means something like &quot;jump with body overtwist&quot; (&quot;подвыподверт&quot; here comes from the words &lt;em&gt;подвернуть&lt;/em&gt; and/or &lt;em&gt;вертеть&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one fails to pronounce the second word correctly, they have very high chance to say &lt;em&gt;подпердом&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;подвыпердом&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;переподвыпердом&lt;/em&gt;. All these words are derived from the word &lt;em&gt;пердеть&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;to fart&lt;/em&gt;) which replaces &quot;body twist&quot; to &quot;farting&quot;, and the result is &quot;jump with overfarting&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word переподвыподверт is constructed using a bunch of prefixes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пере- под- вы- под- верт&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The selection of the prefixes clearly shows that the main goal of this tongue-twister is to make the person that pronounces it to mix up initial &quot;в&quot; and &quot;п&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-08-06T14:01:28.647" LastActivityDate="2013-08-06T14:01:28.647" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2503" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2504" CreationDate="2013-08-08T21:14:31.380" Score="11" ViewCount="373" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно пишется фраза «Почему ? неизвестно», где знак &lt;code&gt;?&lt;/code&gt; обозначает место где, как мне кажется, может быть какой-то знак препинания?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Земля вращается вокруг Солнца. Почему ? неизвестно.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="1373" LastEditDate="2013-08-09T08:38:38.380" LastActivityDate="2013-08-09T08:38:38.380" Title="Как правильно пишется фраза «почему ? неизвестно»" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2503" CreationDate="2013-08-08T21:44:16.410" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вместо &quot;?&quot; должно быть тире:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Земля вращается вокруг Солнца. Почему — неизвестно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ещё примеры из прессы:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://plus-news.ru/fakty/item/8236-%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87-%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE.html&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/a&gt; Янукович срочно собрал министров, почему — неизвестно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://football.sport-express.ru/reviews/1757/&quot;&gt;2.&lt;/a&gt; Арбитра поменяли в РФС. Почему — неизвестно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.regnum.ru/news/483559.html&quot;&gt;3.&lt;/a&gt; В Мурманске запретили купаться, но почему — неизвестно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-08-08T21:44:16.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2506" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2508" CreationDate="2013-08-09T18:58:01.663" Score="4" ViewCount="389" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference of usage when these verbs, I frequently see them and cannot determine their specific usage respectively?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Использовать &#xA;&#xA;Использоваться&#xA;&#xA;Пользоваться / воспользоваться / попользоваться &#xA;&#xA;Употреблять / Употребить&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I frequently see the use of these adverbs and cannot determine their usage, any examples will help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В основном&#xA;&#xA;Вообще&#xA;&#xA;Вообще-то&#xA;&#xA;В общее&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="993" LastEditorUserId="1984" LastEditDate="2013-09-08T12:16:49.790" LastActivityDate="2014-08-09T02:37:57.830" Title="The difference in usage amongst these verbs and adverbs?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1924" CreationDate="2013-08-09T19:58:32.363" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;How about (по)бороть/перебороть?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1911" LastActivityDate="2013-08-09T19:58:32.363" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2508" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2506" CreationDate="2013-08-09T20:16:48.660" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference between &lt;code&gt;использоваться&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;использовать&lt;/code&gt; is that the first word is a reflexive verb (&quot;to be used&quot;) and the second one is not (&quot;to use&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Использовать&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;пользоваться&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;воспользоваться&lt;/code&gt; has similar meaning but vary in grammar. &lt;code&gt;пользоваться&lt;/code&gt; has perfective aspect, &lt;code&gt;воспользоваться&lt;/code&gt; has imperfective aspect, and &lt;code&gt;использовать&lt;/code&gt; can be used in both aspects. Also, &lt;code&gt;использовать&lt;/code&gt; requires винительный падеж, and two others require творительный падеж. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нужно использовать предмет. Нужно воспользоваться предметом. (imperfective aspect)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я использовал предмет. Я воспользовался предметом. (perfect aspect)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;попользоваться&lt;/code&gt; is similar to &lt;code&gt;воспользоваться&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;использовать&lt;/code&gt; but has additional meaning &quot;to use and cease to use&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я попользовался книгой - I have used the book and ceased to use it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Употреблять&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;употребить&lt;/code&gt; are similar to &lt;code&gt;пользоваться&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;воспользоваться&lt;/code&gt; but have another meaning &quot;to take, consume&quot; (drinks, food, drugs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;В основном&lt;/code&gt; - in principle, mainly, largely, basically:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Играли не все – то шестеро, то семеро, остальные только глазели, болея в основном за Вадика.&lt;/code&gt;  - &lt;code&gt;Most of them supported Vadik.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ему просто здесь нечего делать, потому что принцы в основном занимаются охотой на оленей.&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;Most of princes hunts cervids.&lt;/code&gt; Or: &lt;code&gt;Princes hunts cervids most of the time.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вообще&lt;/code&gt; - generally or on the whole:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Этот человек вообще необщителен.&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;This man is always unsociable.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я говорю о людях вообще, а не о тебе.&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;I'm telling about people as a whole, not about you alone.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вообще&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;вообще-то&lt;/code&gt; can be used in oppositions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Над ним всегда смеются, хотя вообще он прав.&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;They are always laughing at him, although he is right.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Над ним всегда смеются, хотя, вообще-то, он прав.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;В общее&lt;/code&gt; has no special meaning and cannot be used without a noun: &lt;code&gt;в общее дело&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;in the general work&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1755" LastActivityDate="2013-08-09T20:16:48.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2509" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2510" CreationDate="2013-08-10T13:38:09.123" Score="12" ViewCount="3515" Body="&lt;p&gt;I get that у меня is the most common pattern for showing ownership of things, say леопарда or самокат. What happens to the meaning were I to use Иметь instead? Does it mean the exact same thing? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/881/the-usage-of-%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;this Q seems to imply Иметь is for abstract things that &quot;have&quot; abstract things, like triangles &lt;em&gt;have&lt;/em&gt; sides), so it isn't a dupe question&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="967" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-09-14T09:07:12.363" Title="Иметь vs у меня for physical things" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2509" CreationDate="2013-08-10T15:20:50.247" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;These sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я имею леопарда&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я имею самокат&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;are comprehensible but barely grammatical in modern Russian, unless you want to say that you're engaging in an intimate encounter with the leopard or the scooter. In the modern dialect those would be the primary meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Иметь&lt;/em&gt; is used in positions which grammatically require a verb and cannot be easily filled with an existential clause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Чего бы ты хотел больше: быть здоровым или иметь много денег?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one can be replaced with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Чего бы ты хотел больше: быть здоровым или чтобы у тебя было много денег?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but this is more bulky.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Имея много денег, легко быть здоровым.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Existential clauses do not form adverbial participles that easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Будучи приверженцем здорового образа жизни, я имею в собственности самокат&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using the existential clause here would result in a dangling adverbial participle here (describing the scooter, not the narrator).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(this Q seems to imply Иметь is for abstract things that &quot;have&quot; abstract things, like triangles have sides), so it isn't a dupe question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not exactly the case. Russian proximity clause distinguishes between state and possession by using or omitting &lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;. This is somewhat like alienable vs. non-alienable possession found in other languages, though not exactly the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У треугольника три стороны // Triangles are three-sided&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У людей две руки // People are two-handed&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У меня бородавки // I'm warty&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У прямоугольного треугольника есть катеты и гипотенуза // Right triangles have legs and a hypotenuse&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У него есть обе руки // He has both hands&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У меня есть бородавка на пальце // I have a wart on my finger&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Used with &lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;, the clauses imply possession or transient state, used without it, they imply inherence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2013-12-28T20:00:53.857" LastActivityDate="2013-12-28T20:00:53.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2498" CreationDate="2013-08-12T02:05:27.357" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know one tongue-twister which indeed produces bad words and is really difficult:&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Ох у ямы холм с кулями, выйду нá холм куль поправлю&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1376" LastActivityDate="2013-08-12T02:05:27.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="558" CreationDate="2013-08-12T09:58:44.970" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Гудеть, гудок&lt;/code&gt; is used in professional drivers slang. You can see this word in the online &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.avtoslovar.com/g.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Словарь автолюбителя&lt;/a&gt; dictionary for example. So, the professional driver would likely say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я погудел ему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, more correct way would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я посигналил ему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this would tell the professionals that you are not a real driver, just &lt;code&gt;автолюбитель&lt;/code&gt; (this is like sailors say комп&lt;b&gt;а&lt;/b&gt;с, while non-sailors say к&lt;b&gt;о&lt;/b&gt;мпас).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another interesting term is &lt;code&gt;гукнуть&lt;/code&gt; - which means give a short signal to attract someone's attention. This signal is very short, so it can be done even when sound signals are prohibited by driving rules (in the cities, or by special sign).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is worth mentioning that it is used in Nabokov's Lolita:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тут колоссальный грузовик вырос за машиной Траппа и с громом проехал мимо меня, после чего я услышал, как он судорожно &lt;strong&gt;гукнул&lt;/strong&gt;. [В. В. Набоков. Лолита (1967)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-08-12T13:12:33.453" LastActivityDate="2013-08-12T13:12:33.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2513" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2515" CreationDate="2013-08-15T08:23:25.930" Score="13" ViewCount="3642" Body="&lt;p&gt;Меня учили, что это синонимы. Но по прочтении некоторых книг мне кажется, что все-таки некоторая смысловая разница есть. А какая?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1925" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-08-15T09:38:16.617" LastActivityDate="2013-08-15T11:36:05.887" Title="больница vs госпиталь" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2513" CreationDate="2013-08-15T09:03:01.023" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Словари определяют госпиталь преимущественно как военное лечебное учреждение:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ГОСПИТАЛЬ, -я; м. [нем. Hospital]&#xA;  Лечебное учреждение, больница (преимущественно военная). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%E3%EE%F1%EF%E8%F2%E0%EB%FC&amp;amp;all=x&quot;&gt;Большой толковый словарь&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot;&gt;Википедия&lt;/a&gt; приводит целую классификацию госпиталей:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Го́спиталь (от лат. hospitalis, гостеприимный) — медицинское учреждение вооружённых сил многих государств, предназначенное для оказания медицинской помощи военнослужащим.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  На территории России различают госпитали:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;постоянные (работающие в мирное время): гарнизонные, окружные, видов вооружённых сил, центральные;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;формируемые в военное время: полевые передвижные госпитали, эвакуационные госпитали, тыловые госпитали.     &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В то же время госпитали есть не только у военных, но и других &quot;силовых&quot; структур: МВД (полиция), МЧС (служба спасения, пожарная служба) и т. п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Судя по всему и железнодорожники тоже называют свои больницы госпиталями (у них, кстати есть своя собственная пожарная служба):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Центральный клинический госпиталь с научно-клиническим центром физиологии (Железнодорожная больница)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно вспомнить, что слово &quot;госпиталь&quot; связано с историей крестовых походов и монашескими орденами (например существовал &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B&quot;&gt;Орден госпитальеров&lt;/a&gt;). Наверное поэтому можно встретить слово &quot;госпиталь&quot; в названиях больниц, организационно связанных с религией:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Больница городская клиническая № 70 (Госпиталь мира и милосердия Спасо-Перовский).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вообще говоря английское слово hospital относится к так называемым &quot;ложным друзьям переводчика&quot; - встретив это слово неопытный переводчик сразу же переводит его как &quot;госпиталь&quot;, в то время как основным значением в русском языке для этого слова является &quot;больница&quot;. Поэтому сегодня многие названия иностранных лечебных учреждений часто необоснованно переводят как &quot;госпиталь&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-08-15T11:36:05.887" LastActivityDate="2013-08-15T11:36:05.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2516" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2550" CreationDate="2013-08-19T09:18:10.857" Score="9" ViewCount="267" Body="&lt;p&gt;Москва, Калуга, Пенза, Кострома&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All these toponyms end on -a and, as far as I know, they are all feminine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I know that in Russian some nouns ending on -a can be masculine:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ябеда, неряха, голова, воевода, непоседа, жадина&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;including some forms of proper nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Петруха, Серёжа, Саша, Вова, Миша&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Аre there any masculine toponyms in Russian ending on -a?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2013-08-27T08:30:30.410" Title="Аre there any masculine toponyms in Russian ending on -a?" Tags="&lt;toponyms&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2517" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2518" CreationDate="2013-08-20T06:57:17.087" Score="17" ViewCount="1130" Body="&lt;p&gt;My late mother-in-law's story of her captivity in the Soviet Union as a German civilian forced laborer after WW2 contains a number of words which are apparently Russian, but for which I cannot find any confirmation (some of them I can find, but these others are giving me trouble).  The original text is a transcription in German from an audio recording.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A word commanding &quot;to stop&quot;.  In her description she gives &quot;Stoy!&quot; as a command from the Russian soldier who captured her.  Bing Translater says &quot;stop!&quot; is &quot;стоп!&quot; which of course transliterates to &quot;stop!&quot;  Is there some word, &quot;stoy&quot;, which answers to what she remembers hearing?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A word that seems to sound like &quot;yest&quot;, used in demanding one to show personal documents.  This word in the exchange that she describes sounds like &quot;yest&quot;, and occurs with the word in German and Russian for &quot;document&quot; (&quot;документы&quot; or &quot;Dokumente&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A word for an article of winter clothing, a quilted jacket.  The word she uses is &quot;kupeikas&quot;, which I cannot find anywhere.  In her tale, the clothing item is using in connection with the felt boots, valenki or Валенки.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1943" LastEditorUserId="1943" LastEditDate="2018-05-16T21:23:19.860" LastActivityDate="2018-05-16T21:23:19.860" Title="Certain words supposedly in Russian that I can't verify!" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2517" CreationDate="2013-08-20T08:04:31.350" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, let me try.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Стой!&quot; or &quot;стоять!&quot; (stoy or, in infinitive, stoyat') is a phrase which indeed is used like English &quot;freeze!&quot; or &quot;stay where you are&quot;. In fact, &quot;стой&quot; and &quot;stay&quot; share same origin on PIE level.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Depends on context. It can be &quot;есть&quot; (yest) with the meaning &quot;there is/there are&quot; (literally, &quot;is&quot;). &quot;Do you have any documents?&quot; - &quot;У вас есть с собой какие-то документы?&quot; -  &quot;Есть&quot;. On the other hand, &quot;есть&quot; is a standard confirmation phrase in Russian Army. It is sort of English &quot;Sir, yes sir&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hm, this is indeed quite weird. You see, there is indeed such word &quot;купейке&quot; (koopeyke), it is a national fur clothing of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khakas_people&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Khakas people&lt;/a&gt;. I can easily imagine this word respelled as &quot;купейка&quot;, such phonetic transformation is typical to Russian. I can also admit the probability of using this word in a wider context, but personally I've never heard of such. Still, may be you are actually searching for some other word.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="109" LastEditDate="2013-08-22T15:05:01.167" LastActivityDate="2013-08-22T15:05:01.167" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2516" CreationDate="2013-08-20T08:52:50.847" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an excellent question. Actually, it is touching a very, very reach issue. The morphology of toponyms in Russian is indeed a bit complicated. Some forms originally not ending on &lt;code&gt;-a&lt;/code&gt; (like Warsaw) have such ending in Russian. Some (like Roma), on contrary, lose original &lt;code&gt;-a&lt;/code&gt; ending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Off the top of my head it was really hard to name any example of such masculine toponym. But finally I found one pattern which definitely fulfill your requirements. One-syllable words which do not have inclination tends to be masculine. Example - the famous &lt;code&gt;Спа&lt;/code&gt; city. It is de-facto more often used in masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare how it sounds: &quot;Старинный Спа&quot; versus &quot;Старинная Спа&quot;. First form sounds more natural to native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-08-20T09:36:49.500" LastActivityDate="2013-08-20T09:36:49.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2516" CreationDate="2013-08-20T09:04:59.873" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most of nouns ending with &lt;em&gt;-а&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;-я&lt;/em&gt;) have feminine gender. Exceptions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;words that mean men: &lt;em&gt;воевода, слуга, папа&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;words with &lt;em&gt;-ин-&lt;/em&gt; suffix (увеличительный субъективно-оценочный суффикс): &lt;em&gt;мостина, домина&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;words ending with &lt;em&gt;-мя&lt;/em&gt;: * пла­мя, имя, бремя, стремя*&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;дитя&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://yarus.aspu.ru/?id=420&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(Source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, when a toponym ends with &lt;em&gt;-а&lt;/em&gt;, it is considered feminine by default. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Foreign toponyms behave differently. When a foreign toponym ends with &lt;em&gt;-а&lt;/em&gt;, it is usually declined according to feminine gender. But the following cases produce indeclinable nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;toponyms adopted from French while they ends with &lt;em&gt;-a&lt;/em&gt; in French: &lt;em&gt;Гра, Спа, Ле-Дора, Юра&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;toponyms adopted from Estonian, Finnish: &lt;em&gt;Ювяскюля, Сааремаа&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;toponyms adopted from Spanish and other Romanic languages while ending &lt;em&gt;-a&lt;/em&gt; is unaccented: &lt;em&gt;Баия-Бланка, Баия-Лaypa, Херес-­де-ла-Фронтера, Сантьяго-де-Куба, Пола-де-Лена, Сантьяго-де-Компостела&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;some toponyms adopted from Abkhazian and Georgian while ending &lt;em&gt;-a&lt;/em&gt; is unaccented.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/?rub=rubric_90&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;(Source)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can't say that these words have feminine gender. The gender is neuter at best. But when such city names are used with adjectives, the &quot;город&quot; word is used or implied so the adjective stands in masculine form: &lt;em&gt;знаменитый (город) Гра&lt;/em&gt;. For rivers, etc this can vary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1755" LastActivityDate="2013-08-20T09:04:59.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2517" CreationDate="2013-08-20T10:15:06.457" Score="11" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Stoy&lt;/em&gt; (стой) is imperative for &lt;em&gt;stoyat'&lt;/em&gt; &quot;to stand&quot;, and can be used as a command to stand still.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Dokumenty yest'?&lt;/em&gt; (Документы есть?) translates to &quot;Have you got you papers?&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The word in question may be &lt;em&gt;fufayka&lt;/em&gt; (фуфайка), which used to be a synonym for &lt;em&gt;vatnik&lt;/em&gt; (ватник), or quilted jacket.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1944" LastActivityDate="2013-08-20T10:15:06.457" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2517" CreationDate="2013-08-20T22:02:14.063" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that the word for winter cloth article might be шубейка (shubeika). The word derive from shuba, winter fur coat (шуба). &#xA;Шубейка is rather pitiful looking, maybe super old and worn out, maybe cheap and thin, does not give much protection from cold weather.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the situation your mother-in-law is talking about, many people would wear such clothes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is just my guess, of course I might be wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1946" LastActivityDate="2013-08-20T22:02:14.063" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2524" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="132" CreationDate="2013-08-21T00:37:49.357" Score="7" Body="&lt;h2&gt;On modern usage of Ы-words.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The absense of words starting from letter &lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt; was challenged by many creative people in literature and cinema. The letter itself become a codename for &quot;cover operation&quot; in &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%AB%C2%BB_%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Операция &quot;Ы&quot; movie&lt;/a&gt; and a name of a fictional animal &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%AB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Вепрь Ы&lt;/a&gt; from the SF-book by Strugatskies &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Трудно быть богом&quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To my mind, the most influential nowadays is the cult film &quot;Кин-дза-дза&quot; by Georgiy Daneliya. It depicts a high-tech alien civilization with primitive culture. The aliens used Ы as interjection to show any kind of emotions ranging from anger to happiness. &#xA;This usage of letter Ы become very popular in the Internet, so you can see that people use &lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt; or even &lt;strong&gt;ыыы&lt;/strong&gt; to show different emotions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;После выхода фильма «Кин-дза-дза» буква «Ы» также стала использоваться в качестве обозначения смеха или любых сильных, но невербализуемых эмоций. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB#.C2.AB.D0.AB.C2.BB_.D0.B2_.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.BA.D1.83.D1.81.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B5.2C_.D0.BA.D1.83.D0.BB.D1.8C.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B5.2C_.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.85.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B5_.D0.B8_.D0.98.D0.BD.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another reason why Ы become popular to describe laugh is its visual similarity to English lol (laughing out loud) acronym.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, when usage of &quot;ыыы&quot; become more common the word &quot;ыкать&quot; from &quot;rare linguistic term to denote usage of ы instead of и&quot; began to mean just &quot;extensive usage of ы&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Loki: ы, клева&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  pyatachyok: чем ыкать да угукать, не забудь про десктоп, апач и инет :) (&lt;a href=&quot;http://board.rt.mipt.ru/?read=4746238&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;board.rt.mipt.ru&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looks like this was only the beginning of intensive usage of Ы. &lt;a href=&quot;http://teenslang.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Словарь молодежного сленга&lt;/a&gt; lists the following &lt;a href=&quot;http://teenslang.ru/?page=1&amp;amp;novar=1&amp;amp;content=%D0%AB*&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;words starting from Ы&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt;,  1. междометие. Обозначение громкого смеха, иногда с повторением ыыы.&#xA;  2. предикатив. Выражение насмешки, издевки. Пример: Ы!!! Ржу!!! Ни как лошадь, конечно!&#xA;  Синонимы: ыыы , гы, хы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ыбло&lt;/strong&gt;, -а, ср. идея сценария флэшмоба, которая уже была проведена. (анаграмма от было).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ыть&lt;/strong&gt;, междометие&#xA;  1 так, да, используется дли усиления подтверждения, выражения эмоциональной окраски. 2: оп, опа. Пример текста: Ыть в конце концов - есть-таки положительные результаты. • Ыть, я псых. • Ыть держите меня семеро, модерите меня в три руки. • Ыть я никуда не собирался ваабще-та.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ычк&lt;/strong&gt;, местоим., сущ., нареч. Все, всё. Происходит из систематической ошибки: на клавиатуре компьютера клавиши «ы» «ч» «к» расположены рядом с клавишами «в» «с» «е».&#xA;  Пример текста: И мой низкий поклон и Мэру и Администрации, я думаю у них ычк получится. • Правильный ответ в окошечке с кодом (1,1,1,1) в котором имеются ычк четыре признака. • Да мне по барабону ычк, что ты сказал. • Вроде бы, я ычк поимаю. • да Да я ычк знаю, но фотки клёвые. • • Как-то размыто ычк. • Ычк мужики по натуре охотники — добиваются того, чего хотят.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ышник&lt;/strong&gt;, -а, м. Уважаемый человек в обществе. Пример текста: Он назвал его ышником, после чего они вместе бежали по коридору и кричали ы... Синонимы: наш человек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ыыы&lt;/strong&gt;, междометие. Возглас выражения эмоций, чаще всего смеха, усмешки, но иногда плача, разочарования и др. Пример текста: Ыыыыыыы, это так кульно! • Ыыы вот так я отдыхал по весне. • Ыыы! лошадка то мля злая попалась! • Я тоже употребляю «ыыы», «гыыыы», «бугагаа». • Ыыы - опять же смех, а точнее передача текстом гортанного звука при глухом смехе. • Ыыы убится мона всё ыыы да ыыы!! • ЫЫы, непруха! • Ни плакай... ЫыЫ... Всё образуется!! Синонимы: гыы, бугага.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/contents.nsf/dic_synonims/?f=0YjQu9Cw0LM=&amp;amp;t=0Y3Qu9C10Lo=&amp;amp;nt=3910&amp;amp;p=70&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Словарь синонимов on dic.academic.ru&lt;/a&gt; along with words mentioned above adds the following: &lt;strong&gt;ычно&lt;/strong&gt; (классно, круто, непонятно, ржачно, смешно, странно), &lt;strong&gt;ыка&lt;/strong&gt; (заика), &lt;strong&gt;ыжлость&lt;/strong&gt; (грусть, уныние), &lt;strong&gt;ыжливший&lt;/strong&gt; (грустивший, унывавший), &lt;strong&gt;ыгы&lt;/strong&gt; (ага), etc. Looks like ычно, ыжлость, ыжливший also exploit the meaning of &quot;ы&quot; as &quot;strong unverbalizable emotion&quot; which can be &quot;cool or funny or strange or incomprehensible or anything else&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Talking about more traditional words starting from Ы, its worth to mention that Ы itself is a word - the name of letter Ы:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt;, неизм. &#xA;  1. ж. и ср.&#xA;  Двадцать девятая буква русского алфавита, обозначающая гласный звук [ы]. Строчное ы.&#xA;  2. м.&#xA;  Гласный звук [ы],&#xA;  обозначаемый этой буквой. Ударное ы. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%FB&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Большой толковый словарь&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt; (произн. также еры (устар.)), нескл., ср. название буквы &quot;ы&quot;, название соответствующего звука и другие значения: ср. а 1; см. также еры. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://ushakovdictionary.ru/word.php?wordid=87030&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Толковый словарь Ушакова&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though it may seem trivial that letter &quot;Ы&quot; has name &quot;Ы&quot;, though for many other letters it is not so. For instance &quot;Э&quot; is &quot;э оборотное&quot;, &quot;Й&quot; - &quot;и краткое&quot;, &quot;Б&quot; is read as &quot;бэ&quot;, &quot;К&quot; as &quot;ка&quot;, &quot;С&quot; as &quot;эс&quot; and so on and so forth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P. S. After searching for different examples of modern usage of words starting from letter Ы I found a &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;good article on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; that summarizes many answers already given. (By the way, in modern internet slang P.S. is written &lt;strong&gt;З. Ы.&lt;/strong&gt; since these correspond to the same letters on the Russian keyboard).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-04-05T12:06:01.543" LastActivityDate="2016-04-05T12:06:01.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2525" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2526" CreationDate="2013-08-21T09:51:01.970" Score="4" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a title I've found in today's news: &quot;Крымские чиновники получили от 3 до 6 лет колонии&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is that actually the officials mentioned in crime chronicles are from russian city of Krymsk, not from Crimea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the question is - while producing toponymical adjective, can I avoid this disambiguation, can I use something else instead of &quot;крымский&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-08-21T12:27:44.607" LastActivityDate="2013-08-21T12:27:44.607" Title="How to say &quot;житель Крымска&quot; and not to confuse it with &quot;житель Крыма&quot;?" Tags="&lt;toponyms&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2525" CreationDate="2013-08-21T10:14:49.553" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You may use phrases like &quot;Чиновники Крымска получили...&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1948" LastActivityDate="2013-08-21T10:14:49.553" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="558" CreationDate="2013-08-21T14:47:29.653" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, in about 80% of situations, I would put the words in a different order: &quot;Я ему бибикнул/просигналил/гуднул/whatever&quot;. Both grammatical forms are acceptable though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The absolutely precise and formal construct for something like a court record is &quot;Я подал (ему) звуковой сигнал&quot;. &quot;Я (про)сигналил&quot; is fine enough for the formal common speech but a bit ambiguous because it also can mean &quot;I waved at him&quot;, &quot;I flashed my headlights&quot;, etc. The word &quot;бибикнул&quot; may sound childish, but it is a common enough and a neutral enough word, and it is what I often say myself when on the road: &quot;Ну что, побибикать ему что ли?&quot; or &quot;Кто это там сзади бибикает?&quot;. The word &quot;гуднул&quot; has a connotation of a short and authoritative signal like &quot;I'm the boss here!&quot;. &quot;Я ему гудел&quot; means &quot;I was (have been) honking&quot; (usually without any effect). That's what a driver will say if, for instance, he hits a pedestrian who went to the road without paying any attention to the approaching car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1934" LastActivityDate="2013-08-21T14:47:29.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="286" CreationDate="2013-08-22T19:26:27.377" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This particuar form of this phrase is marked as youthspeak (молодежный жаргон), so it looks like it is a quite modern invention:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Рухнуть с дуба&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Жарг. мол. Неодобр. Сойти с ума, начать вести себя подобно сумасшедшему. СИ, 1998, № 6; Вахитов 2003, 160. &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/proverbs/20813/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Большой словарь русских поговорок&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally I recall that we used similar expression in elementary school: &amp;quot;[Упал] с дуба на кактус[, с кактуса на дуб]&amp;quot; in the end of 80-es.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dictionary of russian argot also has several entries that I was unable to find in Russian National Corpus:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Упасть с дерева&lt;/strong&gt; (свалиться, рухнуть, брякнуться с березы) повести себя странно, неумно, неуместно, всех удивить; сойти с ума. - &lt;a href=&quot;http://russian_argo.academic.ru/13398&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Словарь русского арго&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one looks almost the same as expression in question, though I was unable to find any other references to its usage and time when it was first recorded. I believe that Морд. here stands for &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Мордовия&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сорваться с дуба&lt;/strong&gt; - Морд. Неодобр. Потерять выдержку, самообладание. СРГМ 2002, 108. &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/proverbs/20814/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Большой словарь русских поговорок&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also there are a lot of similar expressions that have a long history:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;― Да ты что? &lt;strong&gt;С луны свалился&lt;/strong&gt;? Не знаешь разве, что красная армия отступила? [Елизавета Скобцова (Кузьмина-Караваева). Равнина Русская (хроника наших дней) (1924)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чего на своих орете, &lt;strong&gt;как с гвоздя сорвались&lt;/strong&gt;? [Юрий Бондарев. Горячий снег (1969)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...одни люди &lt;em&gt;с крюку&lt;/em&gt;, а другие, глядя на сих мудреных предводителей и начальников зла, &lt;strong&gt;с дубу&lt;/strong&gt; ругают, поносят и проклинают мстителей, а об обидчиках не говорят ни слова, как бы они не имели пристойного человечеству дарования, то-есть здравого ума, чтоб рассудить, кто был начальник и родитель зла, мститель ли или обидчик... [Я. П. Козельский. Философические предложения, сочиненные надворным советником и правительствующего сената секретарем Яковом Козельским в Санкт-Петербурге 1768 года (1768)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter example shows that &amp;quot;с дубу&amp;quot; was used for a long time as &amp;quot;without reason&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;как с дубу(рвет)&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;иноск.: придирается без причины, бестолково, зря. &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/michelson_new/3928/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона 1896—1912&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, though the origin of the expression is not clear, there are many other expressions that were used for a long time with the same structure and meaning and referensing &amp;quot;упасть&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;сорваться&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;дуб&amp;quot; or any other tree.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-08-22T19:26:27.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="705" CreationDate="2013-08-22T21:24:30.533" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Большинство словарей определяет &lt;strong&gt;чопорность&lt;/strong&gt; как слово, производное от &lt;strong&gt;чопорный&lt;/strong&gt;, то есть это, в первую очередь личностная характеристика - это не &quot;идеология&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ЧО́ПОРНЫЙ&lt;/strong&gt;. Чрезмерно, неестественно строгий в поведении, обращении, &lt;em&gt;крайне щепетильный в отношении приличий&lt;/em&gt;. Чопорная вежливость. Чопорно (нареч.) держаться. &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/1089034&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Толковый словарь Ушакова&lt;/a&gt;. 1935-1940.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Крайняя щепетильность в отношении приличий у чопорного человека распространяется в том числе и на окружающих - если кто-то делает что-то не так - чопорный человек будет относится к этому с явным неодобрением.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В качестве иллюстрации можно вспомнить &quot;чопорных англичан&quot;, про которых существует множество анекдотов, и образ джентльмена многократно воспроизведенный в кино и литературе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пуризм&lt;/strong&gt; от чопорности отличается тем, что может распространятся не только на строгость соблюдения приличий, но и на соблюдение некого набора правил вообще. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Например &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Никлаус Вирт&lt;/a&gt;, создатель нескольких языков программирования, является пуристом в отношении принципов структурного программирования. Он не включил в язык Pascal оператор безусловного перехода goto, и считает что объекты (основа объектно-ориентированного программмирования) - это всего-навсего структуры содержащие данные и указатели на функции - не более того. (См. также описание его &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81#.D0.9D.D0.B0.D1.83.D1.87.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B5_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.BF.D1.8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;научных принципов&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если же говорить говорить о пуризме как о &quot;соблюдении приличий&quot;, то здесь тоже возможен пуризм как личная характеристика, так и пуризм по отношению к другим (например, стиль воспитания). Во втором случае пуризм может использоваться как синоним пуританства:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Иногда пуризм доходит до таких размеров, что из рук девушки вырывают всякий роман, всякую книгу, в которой встречается слово «любовь». Писарев, Дворянское гнездо. Роман И. С. Тургенева. &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/mas/56594/%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Малый академический словарь&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пурист&quot; может не требовать строгости нравов от других, строгость в поведении может быть его личным выбором. В этом случае строгость в поведении может характеризовать образ жизни человека в целом, а не только умение &quot;держать себя в обществе&quot;. Толковый словарь иностранных слов в качестве синонимов пуризма приводит аскетизм, пуританизм и ригоризм:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ПУРИ́ЗМ&lt;/strong&gt;, а, мн. нет, м. [фр. purisme &amp;lt; лат. pūris чистый].1.Стремление к чистоте и строгости нравов, иногда показное.||Ср. аскетизм (во 2-м знач.), пуританизм (во 2-м знач.), ригоризм.&#xA;  АСКЕТИ́ЗМ ... 2. Вообще крайнее воздержание, отказ от жизненных благ.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ПУРИТАНИ́ЗМ ... 2. перен. Строгий образ жизни, неукоснительное следование строгим нравственным нормам.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  РИГОРИ́ЗМ, Чрезмерная строгость, прямолинейность в соблюдении нравственных принципов, в поведении.&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru/%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Толковый словарь иноязычных слов. — 2004&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2013-08-22T21:24:30.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="590" CreationDate="2013-08-24T18:42:06.270" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition of previous answers. The word &quot;разработаться&quot; is perfectly valid, and, in fact have several meanings (though most marked as colloquial), including a special one. Only first one may have an ironic or negative comnnotatation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Войти в работу; разохотиться работать. / To start working good and eagerly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так разработался, что и про обед забыл. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/efremova/235107/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Толковый словарь Ефремовой&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Работая, действуя, прийти в хорошее рабочее состояние (о механизмах) / To start working properly (about mechanisms)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Замок разработался. Подожди, пока мотор разработается. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/kuznetsov/51711/%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Толковый словарь русского языка Кузнецова&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Начать нормально работать (о ранее поврежденных частях тела) / To start working properly (about previously injured parts of a body).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пальцы на руке почти вылечил — хотя они еще не разработались, все же смогли бы, наверно, управиться с винтовкой. Евдокимов, Была похоронка. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/mas/58174/%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Малый академический словарь&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В работе износиться, перестать быть годным. / To wear-off due to intensive usage.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Шестерня разработалась. Винт, гайка разработались. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/999118&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Толковый словарь Ушакова&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-08-27T11:47:45.880" LastActivityDate="2013-08-27T11:47:45.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2533" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2542" CreationDate="2013-08-25T23:36:56.897" Score="8" ViewCount="2215" Body="&lt;p&gt;У меня оба часов/обеи часы/обои часы сломались.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What' s the correct way of stating the fact that both of my watches are not functioning?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2013-09-16T01:40:35.690" Title="&quot;У меня оба часов/обеи часы/обои часы сломались&quot;?" Tags="&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2533" CreationDate="2013-08-26T00:05:00.570" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;оба&quot; is never used with nouns without singular form. The correct version is &quot;у меня сломались и те, и эти часы&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1934" LastActivityDate="2013-08-26T00:05:00.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2533" CreationDate="2013-08-26T01:02:27.407" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since &amp;quot;часы&amp;quot; has no singular form, you would need to add the word &amp;quot;пара&amp;quot; (pair) to make the phrase work, in a way similar to these:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я погладил обе пары брюк. (I ironed both pairs of trousers.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Точильщик наточил обе пары ножниц. (The sharpener has sharpened both pairs of scissors.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is how I would translate your phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня сломались обе пары часов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means &amp;quot;two watches&amp;quot;, not four, although it does not make much sense. According to D. Rosenthal, this use is considered colloquial (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rosental-book.ru/styli_xxxviii.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;165-3&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that in the contexts where &amp;quot;часы&amp;quot; is used as a plural for &amp;quot;an hour&amp;quot;, not &amp;quot;watches&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;пара часов&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;a couple of hours&amp;quot;, as in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он вернулся через пару часов. (He was back in a couple of hours).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-08-26T10:47:25.937" CommentCount="24" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2533" CreationDate="2013-08-26T02:03:10.997" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;What I would say and expect to hear from somebody is &quot;обои часы&quot;. Not sure about how canonically right it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the people who don't know Russian well enough and claim there is no such word as &quot;обои&quot; in the meaning of &quot;both&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Местами говорят обои м. новг. смол. и обое ср. о вещах: платье двое,&#xA;  да обое худое. Два брата хвалились, да оба никуда не годились. Обое&#xA;  рябое, зап. все равно. Оба лучше, шуточное. Обои брата, новг. обои&#xA;  брата, смол. обои браты, вор.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru/~%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%20%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F/%D0%9E%D0%91%D0%90/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Толковый словарь Даля&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2013-08-27T16:42:44.973" LastActivityDate="2013-08-27T16:42:44.973" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2537" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2539" CreationDate="2013-08-26T02:16:19.853" Score="10" ViewCount="1252" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте! I speak spanish, and I'm learning russian. We're studying perfective and imperfective verbs, like читать - прочитать. I get really confuse with some глаголы, like купить &amp;amp; покупать, i thougth they were imperfective and perfective respectively, but it turns out that is the other way around, is there a rule for this or it's just an exception?&#xA;Then another глагол wich is confusing is говорить, and разговаривать, заговаривать, поговорить, I assume that all of this are perfective глаголы of говорить, but i don't know when to use them.&#xA;There are other words like полюбить that i don't understand how to use, here i have an example from the excersize book: Хуан полюбил Марию, когда они вместе учились в школе, here полюбил is perfective, but the translation isn't clear for me, is it: &quot;Juan loved María when they were studying together in the school&quot;? or &quot;Juan used to love María when ....&quot; I don't know if you can tell the difference in english, but in spanish there's a difference. Hope you can help me, спасибо большое.&#xA;Thank you for your time!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1770" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-08-29T12:15:02.883" LastActivityDate="2013-08-29T12:15:02.883" Title="Talking about perfective and imperfective verbs" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2533" CreationDate="2013-08-26T03:26:35.970" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @fedja already answered, the word &lt;code&gt;оба&lt;/code&gt; cannot be used here. I would use &lt;code&gt;двое&lt;/code&gt; instead:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня сломалось двое часов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Двое моих часов сломалось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that it is rarely expected that one has more than one watch, so it is clear enough that no more watches left.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/785206&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Словарь Ушакова&lt;/a&gt; states that word &lt;code&gt;двое&lt;/code&gt; is a form of &lt;code&gt;два&lt;/code&gt; that can be applied to living masculine objects or to the objects that do not have singular form. But it is interesting to know that this word can also mean &lt;code&gt;две пары&lt;/code&gt; for the paired objects:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ДВО́Е&lt;/strong&gt;, двоих, числ. колич.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  1. Два (с сущ. мужск., обозначающем живые существа, и с сущ., употребляющимися только во мн.). Двое братьев. Двое суток. Двое щипцов. Нас было двое. На двое суток, по двое суток.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2. Две пары чего-нибудь (с сущ., обозначающими парные предметы; косвенные падежи могут заменяться косв. падежами от два). Двое глаз. Двое рук. Двое колес.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-08-27T08:32:26.527" LastActivityDate="2013-08-27T08:32:26.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2537" CreationDate="2013-08-26T03:36:01.810" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this is confusing. What is happening here is that sometimes a prefix is used to change the aspect of the verb, and sometimes it is used to modify its meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;говорить means &amp;quot;to talk&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;to say&amp;quot; in general. The perfective form is сказать. Разговаривать, on the other hand, means &amp;quot;to have a conversation&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он говорил о погоде.  - He was talking about the weather.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он сказал, что он был в Москве. - He has said, that he was in Moscow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они разговаривали. - They were talking / They were having a conversation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now it gets even more interesting. Заговаривать can mean &amp;quot;to strike up a conversation&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он часто заговаривал с людьми на улице. - He was often striking up conversations with people on the street.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can also mean to talk so much as to make your interlocutor tired of your talking. Он меня заговорил! On top of that заговаривать can mean &amp;quot;to cast a magical spell&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поговорить means &amp;quot;to have a talk&amp;quot; with someone. Typically a short talk, but not necessarily. For example, &amp;quot;I need to talk to you&amp;quot; would be translated as Мне нужно с Вами поговорить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;полюбить is the easy one.  It simply means &amp;quot;to fall in love&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-08-26T13:41:57.113" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2498" CreationDate="2013-08-26T06:25:24.787" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The one that comes to my mind is &quot;Себя от холода страхуя, купил доху я на меху [я]&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1604" LastActivityDate="2013-08-26T06:25:24.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2506" CreationDate="2013-08-26T06:32:16.210" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;попользоваться also has the colloquial meaning of &quot;borrowed without owner's permission or even knowledge&quot; as in &quot;Саша попользовался Юриной теннисной ракеткой&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1604" LastActivityDate="2013-08-26T06:32:16.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2533" CreationDate="2013-08-26T10:25:13.337" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;As D.Rosenthal puts it in his &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/59.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;famous guidebook&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Разговорный характер имеют также сочетания «у обоих ворот», «у обоих часов», не отвечающие грамматической норме, так как форма косвенного падежа образована от несуществующей начальной формы (нет формы именительного падежа «оба – обе ворота», «оба – обе часы» в связи с отсутствием категории рода у существительных, употребляющихся только в форме множественного числа). Возможная правка: у тех и у других ворот (часов).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При слове часы (прибор) употребляется собирательное числительное (одни часы, двое часов) или добавляется слово штука (не хватает пяти штук часов). Выражение «пара часов» имеет просторечный характер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize, the best way would be to say &quot;у меня сломались и те, и другие часы&quot; or &quot;у меня сломались обе штуки часов&quot;. I have never heard anyone say the latter though and I'd never say it myself. But then again I never knew someone who was in such a situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Myself, I'd say &quot;у меня сломались обе пары часов&quot;, although Rosenthal deems this as low colloquial language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To add more proof, here's a couple of citations from literature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Василий Гроссман. Жизнь и судьба:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У командира первой роты две пары часов на руке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Марк Алданов. Чертов мост:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... как он, заторопившись, посмотрит на левую пару часов (правой ведь нет) и немедленно простится с обиженным, недовольным видом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сергей Довлатов. Встретились и поговорили:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Какие-то сувениры, авторучки, радиоприемники, две пары часов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сергей Довлатов. Компромисс:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Потом разглядел две пары часов с металлическими браслетами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Блюма Зейгарник. Патопсихология:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так, например, при предъявлении карточки, на которой изображены три пары часов и монет, один из больных этой группы не соглашается исключить деньги...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Герман Матвеев. Зеленые цепочки:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он вернулся в свой кабинет и, положив обе пары часов на стол, повернулся к своему помощнику, который сидел в кресле около телефона.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you want to tell me that in all of these cases the authors mean &quot;four watches&quot; and &quot;six watches&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another (probably even better) alternative is the one by &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/2538/560&quot;&gt;@Artemix&lt;/a&gt;: to use двое. Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=fol1&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%E4%E2%EE%E5+%F7%E0%F1%EE%E2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; to a search, showing that it does show up in literature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to summarize:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;У меня сломались обе пары часов&quot;: not really correct, but colloquially used;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;У меня сломались двое часов&quot;: okay, but doesn't 100% translate into &quot;both&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;У меня сломались обе штуки часов&quot;: preferable, although rarely used (at least from my experience).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2013-08-27T06:20:16.083" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="873" CreationDate="2013-08-26T19:44:21.980" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the difference is in the emphasis that is slightly shifted. The first phrase is about &quot;&lt;strong&gt;my dad&lt;/strong&gt; who is on the trip&quot; while the second one is more of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;me&lt;/strong&gt; having my dad on the trip&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastActivityDate="2013-08-26T19:44:21.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2546" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2533" CreationDate="2013-08-26T21:10:20.023" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;У меня обе пары часов сломались.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-08-26T21:10:20.023" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="590" CreationDate="2013-08-27T06:57:52.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Раз...ся&lt;/em&gt; has the meaning “to do something &lt;strong&gt;out&lt;/strong&gt;”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sounds pretty OK, just not frequent. Usually &lt;strong&gt;you&lt;/strong&gt; work something out (&lt;em&gt;ты разраба́тываешь&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;вы разраба́тываете&lt;/em&gt;), not the thing itself. (But there is &lt;em&gt;расстара́ться&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Really don’t know. But you can say &lt;em&gt;зачита́ться&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Thinking is about concentration, not disconcentration, so you can for ex. &lt;em&gt;заду́маться&lt;/em&gt; (like fall &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt; thinking), but not &lt;em&gt;разду́маться&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian word generating model is quite powerful, not all possible combination are in use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-06-07T17:36:05.017" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T17:36:05.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="595" CreationDate="2013-08-27T07:12:05.403" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Think of prefixes as if they were prepositions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;С&lt;/em&gt; + ɢᴇɴ: &lt;em&gt;слева&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;справа&lt;/em&gt; (like English &lt;em&gt;from&lt;/em&gt;, from left/right side)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В&lt;/em&gt; + ᴀᴄᴄ: &lt;em&gt;влево&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;вправо&lt;/em&gt; (like English &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;На&lt;/em&gt; + ᴀᴄᴄ: &lt;em&gt;налево&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;направо&lt;/em&gt; (like English &lt;em&gt;on&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between &lt;em&gt;влево&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;налево&lt;/em&gt; is not that great. Use either if in doubt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastEditorUserId="69" LastEditDate="2013-08-28T13:14:31.850" LastActivityDate="2013-08-28T13:14:31.850" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2516" CreationDate="2013-08-27T07:18:04.960" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually there is Воевода bay in Primorye (Russian Island), &lt;a href=&quot;http://maps.yandex.ru/-/CVbeyNiF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://maps.yandex.ru/-/CVbeyNiF&lt;/a&gt;. I think you can find lots of other examples of this kind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2013-08-27T07:18:04.960" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2516" CreationDate="2013-08-27T08:30:30.410" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From Russian National Corpus:&#xA;Шарлеруа, Гоа (Старый Гоа).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also in India: округ Кришна. Probably other Indian toponyms ending with -кришна, -рама, -раджа may be recognized in Russian as masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also in Turkey: everything ending with -паша, for ex. Байрампаша, Мустафакемальпаша.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2013-08-27T08:30:30.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2551" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2509" CreationDate="2013-08-27T09:37:03.227" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please note that &lt;em&gt;иметь&lt;/em&gt; may have another, indirect meaning: &quot;to have sex with&quot; in spoken language. So, by saying &quot;я имею коня&quot; you may provoke jokes among people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2013-08-27T09:37:03.227" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2533" CreationDate="2013-08-27T16:54:22.050" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Caring about the purity of the Russian language, you can phrase it like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;из двух часов, что у меня, ни одни (больше) не работают&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2013-09-16T01:40:35.690" LastActivityDate="2013-09-16T01:40:35.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2553" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2554" CreationDate="2013-08-28T09:10:32.293" Score="3" ViewCount="603" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am studying russian and sometimes in the dictionary i find words that seems too much 'academical'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wanted to ask clarification about two words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tissue (the paper to clean to the nose) in russian is:    &lt;strong&gt;бумажный носовой платок&lt;/strong&gt; ?&#xA;There is perhaps a short form to refer to it?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rolling paper (to roll a cigarette) is: &lt;strong&gt;прокатки бумаги&lt;/strong&gt; ?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1961" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-08-28T13:14:52.710" LastActivityDate="2013-08-28T13:14:52.710" Title="Rolling paper and tissue" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2553" CreationDate="2013-08-28T10:26:26.857" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Tissue&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is usually translated as &quot;&lt;em&gt;носовой платок&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, regardless of material one is made from.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Rolling paper&lt;/em&gt;&quot; can be referred as &quot;&lt;em&gt;сигаретная бумага&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;папиросная бумага&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or as &quot;&lt;em&gt;бумага для самокруток&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. If you need to buy paper for rolling machine it is more correct to ask for the last.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="732" LastActivityDate="2013-08-28T10:26:26.857" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2553" CreationDate="2013-08-28T10:37:25.030" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not know how to say &quot;бумажный носовой платок&quot; in one word. Usually these three words are used. Or sometimes there can be &quot;бумажные салфетки&quot; which is actually is the same in that context. Салфетка (napkin) is a paper or cloth used to clean the mouth after eating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For &quot;прокатка бумаги&quot; there is a &quot;скрутить&quot; (skrutit') word (to curl up). Speaking about hand made cigarette there is a word &quot;самокрутка&quot; (samokrutka). That means a cigarette made by скручивание (skruchivanie) of parer by yourself (сам-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1963" LastActivityDate="2013-08-28T10:37:25.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="595" CreationDate="2013-08-29T04:58:59.963" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I tried to figure out if German or English do also have different&#xA;  words for left and right, but I can't think of any. Maybe my&#xA;  understanding of the three word pairs is just wrong and therefore I&#xA;  can't conclude the correct German or English counterparts, if any&#xA;  existing. Do you know counterparts in the English language (and&#xA;  German, if applicable)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on the meaning and context, both German and English use different prepositional phrases for &lt;em&gt;left&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;right&lt;/em&gt;.  It just so happens that the Russian rules prescribe to write these adverbial phrases as one word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So *&lt;em&gt;на лево&lt;/em&gt;  is the German &lt;em&gt;nach links&lt;/em&gt; and *&lt;em&gt;на право&lt;/em&gt; is the German &lt;em&gt;nach rechts&lt;/em&gt;. But we spell them as one word like &lt;em&gt;налево&lt;/em&gt; → *&lt;em&gt;nachlinks&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;направо&lt;/em&gt; → *&lt;em&gt;nachrechts&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase &lt;em&gt;слева направо&lt;/em&gt; is equivalent to the German &lt;em&gt;von links nach rechts&lt;/em&gt;. Again we spell it like *&lt;em&gt;vonlinks nachrecths&lt;/em&gt;, even though it can actually be thought of as *&lt;em&gt;с лева на право&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't let the spelling confuse you! As a matter of fact, it is not intuitive even for Russian speakers so school kids and sometimes even adults are having a hard time with all this &lt;em&gt;Getrennt-und-Zusammenschreibung&lt;/em&gt; stuff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you continue to learn Russian, you will come across other similar adverbs like that. For example, &lt;em&gt;сзади&lt;/em&gt; (= с + зади) → &lt;em&gt;von hinten&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;назад&lt;/em&gt; (= на + зад) → &lt;em&gt;nach hinten&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1839" LastActivityDate="2013-08-29T04:58:59.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2537" CreationDate="2013-08-29T08:43:27.597" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect_in_Slavic_languages&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Perfective / imperfective verbs&lt;/a&gt; in Russian is a way of expressing &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;grammatical aspect&lt;/a&gt; of a verb. &lt;em&gt;Aspect&lt;/em&gt; is a very important grammatical category, along with &lt;em&gt;tense&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;mood&lt;/em&gt;, and probably all world languages have means of expressing it one way or another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, the perfective meaning is often expressed with the auxiliary verb &lt;em&gt;have&lt;/em&gt;, hence the names for differrent &quot;perfective&quot; tenses like Present Perfect, Past Perfect etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, perfective / imperfective meaning is often encoded in &lt;em&gt;prefixes&lt;/em&gt; or more rarely &lt;em&gt;suffixes&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are quite a lot of different prefixes and suffixes in Russian, and of course, there's no reason to remember them when you start learning Russian. Just remember what aspect a verb has, if possible, but don't get too overwhelmed, it will make more sense with more practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perfective meaning is often expressed with prefixes like &lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;с-&lt;/em&gt; and sometimes suffixes like &lt;em&gt;-ну-&lt;/em&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, compare imperfective / perfective pairs like &lt;em&gt;просить - попросить&lt;/em&gt; (ask/be asking - have asked), &lt;em&gt;делать - сделать&lt;/em&gt; (do/be doing - have done), &lt;em&gt;улыбаться - улыбнуться&lt;/em&gt; (smile/be smiling - have smiled/give a smile).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example of an imperfective suffix is &lt;em&gt;-ыва-&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;забыть - забывать&lt;/em&gt; (have forgotten - forget/be forgetting), &lt;em&gt;закрыть - закрывать&lt;/em&gt; (have closed - be closing).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, in your example, &lt;em&gt;купить - покупать&lt;/em&gt;, it's the suffix that changes the aspectual meaning, not the prefix &lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt;. Compare another similar pair &lt;em&gt;закупить - закупать&lt;/em&gt;. In these verbs, the suffix &lt;em&gt;-и-&lt;/em&gt; expresses perfectiveness and the suffix &lt;em&gt;-a-&lt;/em&gt; expresses imperfectiveness. But it's only true for some verbs, others can use &lt;em&gt;-и-&lt;/em&gt; for imperfective meanings, e.g. &lt;em&gt;стелить&lt;/em&gt; 'spread, lay' and &lt;em&gt;клеить&lt;/em&gt; 'to glue' are imperfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, it's not always easy to &quot;guess&quot; the aspect simply by looking at the verb. But it will get easier when you've learned a good number of Russian verbs because there's a common pattern. Always consult a good dictionary when in doubt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even when you know what aspect a verb has, it can still be tricky to figure out when to use perfective versus imperfective, as the aspectual meaning is quite abstract.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A general rule would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Use &lt;em&gt;imperfective verbs&lt;/em&gt; for &lt;em&gt;repeated&lt;/em&gt; and/or &lt;em&gt;continuous&lt;/em&gt; actions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я говори́л ей не гуля́ть допоздна́. (I told her / I kept telling her not&#xA;  to go out until late at night.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, the imperfective &lt;em&gt;говорить&lt;/em&gt; implies a repeated past action. I told her numerous times in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Use &lt;em&gt;perfective verbs&lt;/em&gt; for &lt;em&gt;short&lt;/em&gt; and/or &lt;em&gt;one time&lt;/em&gt; and/or &lt;em&gt;finished&lt;/em&gt; actions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я сказа́л ей не гуля́ть допоздна́. (I told her not to go out until late at night.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, the perfective &lt;em&gt;сказать&lt;/em&gt; refers to a one-time past action. It implies that I told her one time / on one occasion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this is just a very general rule. Aspect + tense + context produce a wide variety of different shades of meanings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So always feel free to ask about specific verbs and contexts for more explanation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1839" LastEditorUserId="1839" LastEditDate="2013-08-29T09:05:26.803" LastActivityDate="2013-08-29T09:05:26.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="122" CreationDate="2013-08-29T12:16:11.393" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Letters have almost no etymological significance. When talking about etymology, you should always look at the phonetic structure of a word. Most languages have existed and developed without any alphabets for centuries. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a layman, saying that there are no native words starting with the letter A is by and large a correct and satisfactory answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this answer is also misleading because the Russian alphabet itself is very misleading. It's definitely not a good answer for a linguist or etymologist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A and Я are different letters but they are the exact same phoneme [a] so, in terms of etymology and phonetics, &lt;em&gt;A and Я should generally be treated as the same letter&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And there are plenty of native Russian words that start with [a], a lot of them have a history as old as the Proto-Indo-European language (for example, яблоко, ягода etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Iotation that was already mentioned in another answer, along with palatalization, has blurred the fact that &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt; are actually the same phoneme.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Iotation is not phonemic in Russian. And all Russian words that started with a vowel had a tendency to be iotized. It was almost like a glottal stop that precedes vowels in German. The difference is there are no special letters for glottalized vowels in German (&lt;em&gt;Apfel&lt;/em&gt; is still &lt;em&gt;Apfel&lt;/em&gt;), but there are speciall letters for iotized vowels in Russian (so &lt;em&gt;аблоко&lt;/em&gt; becomes &lt;em&gt;яблоко&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same is true for У and Ю, and Э and E etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1839" LastEditorUserId="1839" LastEditDate="2013-08-29T13:43:54.933" LastActivityDate="2013-08-29T13:43:54.933" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2559" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-08-30T09:51:59.473" Score="5" ViewCount="152" Body="&lt;p&gt;I acknowledge that sometimes there is a different way to say things in Russian, but I've seen the following, and do not know where to begin to know how it is derived:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;У неё было спрятано шесть ананасов.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just seems to be no information out there on participles. I found info on forming active present and past participles &lt;a href=&quot;http://bit.ly/1dsGmF5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it doesn't really help in the instance of participles ending in -en.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-08-31T14:34:44.687" LastActivityDate="2013-08-31T14:34:44.687" Title="How can I learn how to form the corresponding participles such as hidden, fallen, laden, etc" Tags="&lt;participle&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2559" CreationDate="2013-08-30T13:04:14.283" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The participles ending in -en usually, but not always, correspond to the passive voice. That's why you don't see them on that page; it's about active participles. Passive participles are discussed &lt;a href=&quot;http://learnrussian.rt.com/grammar-tables/forming-passive-present-and-past-participles/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. I will expand a bit on the material outlined there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian term for passive participle is страдательное причастие. There's no form that is common to them all. Many such word will have -анн- or -енн-:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;hidden, long form: спрятанный, спрятанная, спрятанное, спрятанные&#xA;hidden, short form: спрятан, спрятана, спрятано, спрятаны&#xA;frozen: замороженный (make all the other forms yourself)&#xA;laden: нагруженный&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often an -en participle can be translated with an adjective as well: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;laden гружёный&#xA;frozen мороженый&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike страдательное причастие, these are written with a single -н- in the long form. An easy rule to remember, isn't it? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact it's hard even for native speakers, because the distinction between these two parts of speech is somewhat artificial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other examples: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;stolen: краденый и украденный&#xA;written: писаный и написанный&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But often there is no -анн- or -енн-, there's -т-:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;hidden, long form: скрытый, скрытая, скрытое, скрытые&#xA;hidden, short form: скрыт, скрыта, скрыто, скрыты&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other examples: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;beaten битый&#xA;taken взятый&#xA;broken разбитый (also сломанный, ломаный)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes an English -en participle corresponds to a Russian active participle (причастие действительного залога). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;fallen павший (or падший, depending on whether it's a warrior or an angel)&#xA;rotten сгнивший (there's an adjective too: гнилой)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The short form of the active participle is rarely used, if ever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that страдательное причастие can be used in the present tense too (mostly in writing). Such forms have -ем- -им- or -ом- in them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;(being) driven ведомый&#xA;(being) thrown бросаемый&#xA;(being) blown раздуваемый&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="248" LastEditorUserId="248" LastEditDate="2013-08-30T17:14:19.617" LastActivityDate="2013-08-30T17:14:19.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2561" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2562" CreationDate="2013-08-31T05:45:01.393" Score="10" ViewCount="1368" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как образовалось слово «глюк»? Различные источники утверждают, что оно произошло от слова «галлюцинация», но без дальнейших объяснений, а они так друг на друга не похожи&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastActivityDate="2021-03-03T18:41:57.410" Title="Этимология слова «Глюк»" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2562" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2561" CreationDate="2013-08-31T08:49:49.220" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word and its derivatives (&lt;strong&gt;приглючилось&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;глючный&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;глючить&lt;/strong&gt;) originally belongs to slang of the Russian hippies community, which has been established a bit later then in western word, in 70s. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In its first meaning &lt;strong&gt;глюк&lt;/strong&gt; was indeed just a shorthand for &lt;strong&gt;галлюцинация&lt;/strong&gt; (hallucination) and has been used in context of drug usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the reasons why exactly this form has been adopted, I guess this word has been widely adopted because it is short, sounds funny to native speaker and at the same time can be easily used to produce new forms (such as mentioned above).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gradually this word migrated to IT community which (to some extent) overlapped with hippies community. In IT slang this word acquires new meaning close to the word &lt;strong&gt;баг&lt;/strong&gt; but not equivalent to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-08-31T14:34:16.653" LastActivityDate="2013-08-31T14:34:16.653" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2563" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2565" CreationDate="2013-08-31T14:34:29.170" Score="11" ViewCount="990" Body="&lt;p&gt;In comments on dasblinkenlight's answer to the question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/2533/%D0%A3-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B8-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B8-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B-%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;У меня оба часов/обеи часы/обои часы сломались&amp;quot;?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;some write that две пары часов means 2 watches and три пары часов means 3 watches, while others write that these terms mean 4 watches and 6 watches. I'm not sure if the context of &quot;watches&quot; is the source of the conflict here, on account of часы having a plural appearance while referring to a single physical object. (Let's not take часы to mean &quot;hours&quot; for this question!) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;To clear up the situation, if that is possible, I'd like to know if native speakers who think две пары часов means 2 watches also think две пары книг and три пары книг mean 2 books and 3 books, rather than 4 books and 6 books.  (I have in mind, of course, that each book is counted just one time.) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you think the meaning is 2 books and 3 books, then what do you think the purpose of the word пара is in those phrases, since две книги and три книги also mean 2 books and 3 books?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Remark: This argument about whether две пары means 2 or 4 and три пары means 3 or 6 reminds me of the conflict in mathematics over whether the notation &lt;i&gt;D&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; for dihedral groups means a group of order &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; or 2&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;; some mathematicians interpret it one way and some interpret it the other way, but somehow they manage to get along. :)) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T06:29:41.010" Title="две пары = 2 or 4?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2563" CreationDate="2013-08-31T15:57:27.713" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;«n пар книг» means “n pairs of books”. The total number of books is 2n (since usually it is assumed that pairs are disjoint). Similarly, if you have «n пар предметов», you have 2n «предметов» in total. That being said, we talk about pairs of objects only if objects are divided into pairs in some logical way, like &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я купил две пары ботинок. [т.е. 4 ботинка]&#xA;&#xA;Ко мне в гости пришли 3 (супружеские) пары. [всего было 6 человек]&#xA;&#xA;В показательной программе выступили 5 пар (фигуристов). [выступили 10 спортсменов]&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have 2n books, you will not say «у меня есть n пар книг». That would sound very weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only when you use a noun that doesn't have a singular form «n пар» means that you have n objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; Он купил две пары штанов. = He bought two pairs of pants.  [He bought two items of clothing.]&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="222" LastEditorUserId="222" LastEditDate="2013-08-31T16:12:25.347" LastActivityDate="2013-08-31T16:12:25.347" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2563" CreationDate="2013-09-01T02:57:57.213" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From my own experience, &quot;две пары часов&quot; always means &quot;two watches&quot;, and &quot;три пары часов&quot; always means &quot;three watches&quot;. It is hard to imagine a &quot;use case&quot; where two separate watches would be paired.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Two watches&quot; has to be translated as either &quot;двое часов&quot; or &quot;две пары часов&quot;. In the question you've linked to there is a huge debate over which of these two forms is correct, which I found very surprising. Both forms are used, and there are examples from literature that use &quot;две пары часов&quot; meaning &quot;two watches&quot;, which is good enough for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, &quot;двое часов&quot; and &quot;трое часов&quot; sounds fine, but &quot;четверо часов&quot; sounds wrong. So if you have a display case with more than three watches, I would not know how to express that without using the word &quot;пара&quot;, meaning a single watch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2013-09-01T03:26:08.797" LastActivityDate="2013-09-01T03:26:08.797" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2566" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2567" CreationDate="2013-09-01T18:42:04.160" Score="6" ViewCount="986" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it completely normal to call &lt;em&gt;товарищ&lt;/em&gt; to one of my Russian friends? I like the word, but I don't now if its meaning is somehow more politically charged than friendly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there reasons to avoid using &lt;em&gt;товарищ&lt;/em&gt;? In which circumstances is it normal to use it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2013-09-01T21:09:47.480" LastActivityDate="2013-09-07T11:06:52.783" Title="How does товарищ sound nowadays? (social aspects)" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;социолингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2566" CreationDate="2013-09-01T21:00:36.087" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although by no means and under no circumstances this word is used as &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorific&quot;&gt;honorific&lt;/a&gt; nowadays, in phrases like  &quot;Это мой товарищ&quot; there's no hint of any political or historical connotations. It is quite common usage of this word, though it word &quot;товарищ&quot; is less used nowadays than word &quot;приятель&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, especially while appealing to a group of people (colleagues, friends etc.) form &quot;товарищи&quot; is used in ironical context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Товарищи! Давайте-ка поторопимся и успеем всё доделать к обеду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, there's no such connotation (if, once again, it is not intentional) in related words, such like &lt;code&gt;по-товарищески&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-09-01T21:06:16.423" LastActivityDate="2013-09-01T21:06:16.423" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2566" CreationDate="2013-09-02T08:51:11.903" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some folklore you might consider useful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When someone hypocritically address to other as a товарищ, he might get as an answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«Тамбовский волк тебе товарищ».&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«Гусь свинье не товарищ».&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, these phrases were known even in Soviet time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2013-09-02T08:51:11.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2569" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2570" CreationDate="2013-09-02T13:12:49.923" Score="7" ViewCount="537" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the 2nd year I'm taking Russian at my university and we've a couple of russian students. I was talking to a girl and told her I learned to write Russian letters on my own. She said &quot;тогда я в повидле&quot; (I asked her to write down what she said). What did she mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1971" LastActivityDate="2016-08-25T03:31:13.210" Title="What does expression &quot;тогда я в повидле&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2569" CreationDate="2013-09-02T13:49:32.873" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Personally I haven't met phrase &quot;быть в повидле&quot;, but it sounds similar to &quot;быть в шоколаде&quot;, which means to be in a very favorable situation. &quot;Кататься как сыр в масле&quot; might also be close.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-09-02T17:57:43.837" LastActivityDate="2013-09-02T17:57:43.837" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2563" CreationDate="2013-09-02T14:00:06.687" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;В словосочетании &quot;пара часов&quot; слово &quot;пара&quot; значит всего лишь &quot;комплект&quot;, &quot;экземпляр&quot;. Просто, видимо, не нашлось в своё время для обозначения изделия &quot;часы&quot; во множественном числе более подходящего слова. Да и стрелок на них обычно две. В общем, &quot;две пары часов&quot; — это &quot;two watches&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastActivityDate="2013-09-02T14:00:06.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2572" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2628" CreationDate="2013-09-03T08:45:30.067" Score="3" ViewCount="285" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Размышлять подобным образом значит исключать из их числа &lt;strong&gt;таких&#xA;  исторических личностей&lt;/strong&gt; как Бендамор и Контратий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What case should I use here? Accusative or Genitive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-09-03T09:39:31.957" LastActivityDate="2013-09-23T08:40:30.203" Title="Исключать такие исторические личности or таких исторических личностей?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2572" CreationDate="2013-09-03T10:00:09.003" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indeed &lt;code&gt;исключать&lt;/code&gt; is a transitive verb that requires accusitive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;личность&lt;/code&gt; in accusative plural is &lt;code&gt;личности&lt;/code&gt; (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://morpher.ru/?s=%eb%e8%f7%ed%ee%f1%f2%fc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;morpher.ru&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My variant:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Размышлять подобным образом - значит исключать из их числа такие исторические личности, как Бендамор и Контратий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using genitive with &lt;code&gt;личность&lt;/code&gt; instead of accusative (only in plural) sounds very informal and not like an obvious grammatical error. It is also most often used jokingly. &#xA;I was able to google another usage of genitive with this word where accusative is supposed to be used:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/User_talk:Dart_evader&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/User_talk:Dart_evader&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сорри, Дарт. Вы, конечно, правы - не надо увековечивать тут подобных личностей :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So by using genitive here we kind of express sarcasm. It's no longer someone famous, but someone who pretends to be famous. Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt; (some more examples):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uralskweek.kz/2013/09/02/shkolnik-iz-uralska-sozdal-socialnuyu-set/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.uralskweek.kz/2013/09/02/shkolnik-iz-uralska-sozdal-socialnuyu-set/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;собираемся приглашать знаменитых и интересных личностей&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No sarcasm here, why not accusative? It's informal speach and the word is used in a different meaning (person, not personality).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find a real example of accusative plural on the Internet. Need a different kind of search engine. But here is a more or less realistic example of my own:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В юности он старательно изучал личности Берии и Сталина, стараясь в чём-то даже походить на них.    &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastEditorUserId="1671" LastEditDate="2013-09-03T11:41:23.313" LastActivityDate="2013-09-03T11:41:23.313" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2574" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2576" CreationDate="2013-09-03T13:58:41.113" Score="6" ViewCount="2963" Body="&lt;p&gt;Очень часто в последнее время встречаю слово &quot;хорош&quot; как синоним на &quot;хватит&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Употребляют его даже в книгах, действие которых развивается в прошлом. Но мне кажется, что в старых книгах я никогда не встречал такое употребление.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А как давно это слово приобрело смысл &quot;хватит&quot;? Не современной ли это жаргон?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1925" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-07-12T13:54:16.693" LastActivityDate="2016-07-12T13:54:16.693" Title="&quot;хорош&quot; и &quot;хватит&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2575" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2574" CreationDate="2013-09-03T14:14:28.050" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это, конечно, разговорное выражение, но появилось оно давно. По крайней мере лет 25 назад оно уже употреблялось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2013-09-03T14:14:28.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2574" CreationDate="2013-09-03T15:04:16.850" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Исходя из своего языкового опыта, я бы определил эти и синонимичные слова следующим образом:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;нейтральная лексика:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;хватит, достаточно&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;разговорный стиль:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;хорош, стоп&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;возвышенный/литературный:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;довольно, будет, полно&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;жаргон:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;харэ&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D&quot;&gt;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из всех этих слов только &lt;code&gt;харэ&lt;/code&gt;, видимо, появилось относительно недавно. Сомневаюсь, что в этимологическом словаре будет статья на &quot;&lt;code&gt;хорош&lt;/code&gt;&quot;. Лучший способ найти упоминания - это поиск в корпусах русской классики, но у меня такой возможности нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается &quot;&lt;code&gt;хорош&lt;/code&gt;&quot;, то я прекрасно могу себе представить, как кучер из произведения Достоевского говорит &quot;&lt;code&gt;хорош&lt;/code&gt;&quot; в  определённом контексте. Использование &lt;code&gt;харэ&lt;/code&gt; было бы уже анахронизмом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastEditorUserId="1671" LastEditDate="2013-09-03T15:37:25.523" LastActivityDate="2013-09-03T15:37:25.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2569" CreationDate="2013-09-03T15:32:34.110" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is an &lt;strong&gt;occasionalism&lt;/strong&gt; based on the expression &lt;code&gt;всё будет в шоколаде&lt;/code&gt;. To better understand what it means watch Михаил Гребенщиков - Булки: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1awcNq8L924&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1awcNq8L924&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically &quot;&lt;code&gt;тогда я в повидле&lt;/code&gt;&quot; means &quot;&lt;code&gt;then I'm even better off&lt;/code&gt;&quot;. &#xA;The expression is used mostly by younger generation. In the context of chocolate most Russian speakers would understand it correctly. Without chocolate context it would be much harder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the long run it's not very hard to understand why cookies, marsh-mallow (&lt;code&gt;зефир&lt;/code&gt; - род пастилы), sweets in &lt;strong&gt;chocolate glaze&lt;/strong&gt; are better than without it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastEditorUserId="1671" LastEditDate="2016-08-23T09:13:13.910" LastActivityDate="2016-08-23T09:13:13.910" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2578" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2579" CreationDate="2013-09-03T15:51:51.013" Score="4" ViewCount="279" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does it mean? It looks like something to turn nouns into adjectives, but so far I've only seen it in things that could have been possessive phrase. Is there a difference between -ин and using the ordinary genitive case? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="967" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-09-03T16:04:34.730" LastActivityDate="2013-09-03T20:04:30.123" Title="ин suffix in &quot;Мамин Дом&quot; &quot;кошкин дом&quot;" Tags="&lt;суффиксы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2579" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2578" CreationDate="2013-09-03T16:23:16.450" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Semantically I do not see any difference. The suffix &lt;code&gt;-ин&lt;/code&gt; is used to express posessiveness.&#xA;So: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;кошкин дом = дом кошки&#xA;мамин дом = дом мамы&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grammatically you can't add more attributes to cat or mother because they've become an attribute themselves. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;дом моей мамы = ?&#xA;дом серой кошки = ?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also you can't form possessive adjectives that way freely. There are many exceptions and other ways to express possessiveness:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Петька - петькин&#xA;Катька - катькин (and other names formed like this apply for this rule)&#xA;Нина - нинин&#xA;лиса - лисий&#xA;заяц - заячий&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if you have nothing else to add about &lt;code&gt;mother&lt;/code&gt;, go ahead and use &lt;code&gt;мамин&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastActivityDate="2013-09-03T16:23:16.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2580" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2578" CreationDate="2013-09-03T20:04:30.123" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is analogous to the two ways of expressing possession in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;mother's house vs. the house of the mother&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;мамин дом vs. дом мамы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-09-03T20:04:30.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2574" CreationDate="2013-09-04T08:30:58.867" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;На сайте Национального корпуса русского языка, в устном корпусе (на основе фильмов, магнитофонных записей и т.п.) есть &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%F5%EE%F0%EE%F8&amp;amp;mode=spoken&amp;amp;p=24&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;примеры употребления слова &amp;quot;хорош&amp;quot; в смысле &amp;quot;хватит&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;, которые относятся к середине 30-х годов:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Яшка! Хороош! Хорош! Хорош! Бюро собралось… [Иван Пырьев, Катерина Виноградская. Партийный билет, к/ф (1936)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Офицер] Левей / левей / левей / стоп! Ещё / ещё! Хорош! Готовсь! [На корабле Ушакова] [Михаил Ромм, Александр Штейн. Адмирал Ушаков, к/ф (1953)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Пасечник] [командует] Хорош! [Строитель1] Слушай / ты не чувствуешь / чем пахнет / а? [Александр Зархи и др. Высота, к/ф (1957)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что в разговорной речи выражение используется уже как минимум 80 лет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но в основном корпусе (текстов) употребления слова &amp;quot;хорош&amp;quot; мне удалось найти только после 1989 года:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну, все, хватит… Хорош! Пошел, вали отсюда… [Николай Коляда. Рогатка (1989)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;― А вот грузин на рынке мне говорит, ― сказал еще один безымянный собеседник, ― плесни… хорош! [Владимир Крупин. Дети кочегара // Библиотека «Огонек», 1989]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-09-04T08:30:58.867" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2583" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2584" CreationDate="2013-09-05T02:34:41.200" Score="6" ViewCount="396" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian Wikipedia page for творог says that its stress could be in either syllable, but that in standard speech, especially in the mainstream media, the stress is only used in the second syllable. Can someone indicate how widely творог  is pronounced with stress on the first syllable?  Is that generally rare, or is such usage concentrated in certain parts of Russia?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-14T12:06:28.697" LastActivityDate="2019-05-14T12:06:28.697" Title="Stress in &quot;творог&quot;" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2583" CreationDate="2013-09-05T04:29:44.537" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the article in the Russian Wikipedia is a little bit speculative. I think he cite sources for творОг (second syllable) because the editors wanted to keep it as is. As a native Russian speaker personally, I don't know which type of stress I prefer. And I don't think one or the other usage is rare. It's obvious that we can't say which usage is most used based only on dictionaries. But I can't find any articles on this topic (stress in творог) and the distribution across Russian spoken countries. In the Russian corpus there are &lt;em&gt;15 contexts&lt;/em&gt; with stress on first syllable (&lt;em&gt;твОрог&lt;/em&gt;) and &lt;em&gt;17 contexts&lt;/em&gt; with stress on second syllable (&lt;em&gt;творОг&lt;/em&gt;). So I think you can't say which usage is preferred by Russian speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we talk about cited sources, in this Wikipedia article I only consider this source reliable - &lt;em&gt;Зарва М.В. Словарь ударений русского языка (2001).&lt;/em&gt; Two other sources have very questionable reputation: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Штудинер М.А. Словарь образцового русского ударения (2009)&lt;/em&gt; Even the name of this dictionary (especially the word &lt;em&gt;образцовый&lt;/em&gt;) seems to me very strange. You can find more information in the Wikipedia article on this dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Окунцова Е.А. Трудности устной речи. Словарь-справочник.&lt;/em&gt; Never heard about this dictionary like a foundational text in Russian lexical stress.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, in the Russian corpus you have some &lt;em&gt;video examples&lt;/em&gt; and transcription with lexical stress for the word &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=murco&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;ext=10&amp;amp;nolinks=1&amp;amp;accent=1&amp;amp;ell=1&amp;amp;expand=full&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%F2%E2%EE%F0%EE%E3&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;orphoGr1=&amp;amp;orpho1=&amp;amp;strAccent1=&amp;amp;accent1=&amp;amp;before1=&amp;amp;after1=&amp;amp;number1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;orphoGr2=&amp;amp;orpho2=&amp;amp;strAccent2=&amp;amp;accent2=&amp;amp;before2=&amp;amp;after2=&amp;amp;number2=&amp;amp;act_speakersamount=&amp;amp;act_sex=&amp;amp;act_lang=&amp;amp;act_situation=&amp;amp;act_acttypes=&amp;amp;act_appeals=&amp;amp;act_questions=&amp;amp;act_imperatives=&amp;amp;act_modals=&amp;amp;act_negation=&amp;amp;act_pejoratives=&amp;amp;act_praise=&amp;amp;act_consent=&amp;amp;act_trade=&amp;amp;act_assertion=&amp;amp;act_othersspeech=&amp;amp;act_mocking=&amp;amp;act_etiquette=&amp;amp;act_completeness=&amp;amp;act_repetitions=&amp;amp;act_manner=&amp;amp;act_vocals=&amp;amp;gest_actorname=&amp;amp;gest_actorsex=&amp;amp;gest_sex=&amp;amp;gest_actorage=&amp;amp;gest_age=&amp;amp;gest_mainorgan=&amp;amp;gest_palmorientation=&amp;amp;gest_handorientation=&amp;amp;gest_activeorgan=&amp;amp;gest_passiveorgan=&amp;amp;gest_adaptor=&amp;amp;gest_direction=&amp;amp;gest_mult=&amp;amp;gest_gesturename=&amp;amp;gest_gesturetype=&amp;amp;gest_gesturemeaning=&amp;amp;gest_extenders=&amp;amp;gest_spoilers=&amp;amp;gest_emotions=&amp;amp;gest_completeness=&amp;amp;gest_authenticity=&amp;amp;gest_accessories=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;творог&lt;/a&gt;. In this corpus we have 11 usage contexts and it's &lt;strong&gt;твОрог (8) vs творОг (3)&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, here's what I found about stress in &lt;em&gt;творог&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Толковый словарь живого великорусского языка. В. Даль (1903) &amp;lt;нвг. - новгородское&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ТворОгъ твОрогъ (нвг.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Орфоэпический словарь русского языка. Р. И. Аванесов (1988).&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;творОг и допустимое твОрог&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Словарь трудностей русского языка. Розенталь Д. Э. (1984).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;творОг и разг. твОрог&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Новый орфоэпический словарь русского языка. Иванова Т. Ф. (2005)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;творОг и твОрог&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My point that творОг is considered more preferable by the purists, but it's not the actual usage of this word. Now we have a clear trend to pronounce it as твОрог (but it's not an actual solid norm, it's just a trend, I think).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;: I found this interesting link in the Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gidropraktikum.narod.ru/tvorog.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Изменение ударения в слове «творог» с XVIII по XXI вв. по материалам словарей русского языка&lt;/a&gt;. And actually it's only in Русское словесное ударение. Зарва М. В. (2001) we have one recommendation for &lt;em&gt;творОг&lt;/em&gt;. Other cited sources (Окунцова, Штудинер) describe both usage contexts, so &lt;strong&gt;in the Russian Wikipedia article is partially wrong information&lt;/strong&gt; about stress in the word творог. I will edit this article, I think. And I found this explanation about the Зарва dictionary, because this dictionary was conceived for news presenters it's not good for lexical stress reference, because only one example usage was accepted (see gramota portal question # 262504).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So both usages are acceptable; the more contemporary &lt;em&gt;твОрог&lt;/em&gt; and the old (and preferred by the purists :-) &lt;em&gt;творОг&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1976" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-05-14T11:59:06.170" LastActivityDate="2019-05-14T11:59:06.170" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="2585" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2583" CreationDate="2013-09-05T05:08:28.863" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For myself, the stress on the first syllable is much more natural, although I think in the media they usually pronounce it with a stress on the second syllable. Such pronunciation colored as &quot;rural&quot; to me even though it is used more often in the media. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think in Moscow and Moscow region stressing the first syllable is more widespread.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here one can see a video the speaker pronounces the word with stress on the first syllable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-xCOsbSBe4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-xCOsbSBe4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYzb7fM2v_E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYzb7fM2v_E&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the speaker stresses the second syllable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krnF4WeeS0A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=krnF4WeeS0A&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the speaker starts with stressing the first syllable but then switches to the second (apparently in attempt to be more &quot;correct&quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RSvVa0jNCs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RSvVa0jNCs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think stressing the first syllable sounds more natural and easy to pronounce, but stressing the second is more grammatical formally (or believed by the people to be more grammatical, as with the word кофе being masculine gender even if more natural to consider it neuter).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-09-05T09:59:13.290" LastActivityDate="2013-09-05T09:59:13.290" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2563" CreationDate="2013-09-06T10:57:45.787" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the numerical point of view &lt;code&gt;пара&lt;/code&gt; by itself may mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt; object: пара ножниц, пара щипцов, пара брюк;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;two&lt;/strong&gt; objects: пара яблок, пара апельсинов;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;one set&lt;/strong&gt; of objects: пара весел, пара перчаток, пара носок, пара платья (outdated nowadays, used to mean &quot;сюртук, брюки и жилет&quot;, see &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/dic_fwords/25764/%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%90&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;), кофейная пара (&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/es/42754/%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;чашка и блюдце для кофе&lt;/a&gt;), пара чаю (&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/920402&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;порция чаю в двух чайниках для воды и для заварки чая&lt;/a&gt;);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;two humans or animals acting together&lt;/strong&gt;: пара лошадей, пара танцоров, пара боксеров;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;small amount&lt;/strong&gt;: на пару слов, на пару минут, пожить пару дней, виделись пару раз, подкинь пару монет.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to a joke the &quot;small amount&quot; may mean even 5 objects:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;ndash; Сбегай в магазин, возьми пару бутылок водки.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    &amp;ndash; &quot;Пару&quot; &amp;ndash; это сколько?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    &amp;ndash; &quot;Пару&quot; &amp;ndash; это пять!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, back to &lt;code&gt;две пары&lt;/code&gt;. Though mathematically it can be treated as a simple multiplication, though in language such saying has multiple additional aspects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's use &lt;code&gt;десять&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;десяток&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;два&lt;/code&gt; to highlight the difference. While Then &lt;code&gt;десять пар&lt;/code&gt; means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пара as one object.&lt;/strong&gt; In our first example math works. In this case десять пар means exactly ten times more objects than before (ten objects): десять пар ножниц, десять пар щипцов, десять пар брюк.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пара as two objects.&lt;/strong&gt; In this case math works as well, but semantically it is implied that the objects are calculated by pairs for some reason (because of packaging, or because price is set for pair): &lt;code&gt;десять пар яблок&lt;/code&gt; equals 20 apples, &lt;code&gt;десять пар апельсинов&lt;/code&gt; equals 20 oranges.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пара as set of objects.&lt;/strong&gt; Here math works differently:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Она перемеряла десять пар туфель&lt;/code&gt; - you cannot just multiply two by ten here. Though 20 shoes were used 10 of them are left ones and another 10 of them are right ones. You cannot take one shoe from first pair and combine it with another shoe from another pair easily.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Десять пар перчаток&lt;/code&gt; - same as above - 20 objects, but left/right glove are different.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;У меня десять пар одинаковых черных носок&lt;/code&gt; - Maybe the only example when you can say that you have 20 socks, because usually there is no practical difference between 'right' and 'left' ones.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;В гардеробе висят десять пар платья&lt;/code&gt; - in this example mathematically you have 30 objects, but they cannot be treated as equal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пара as two humans or animals acting together&lt;/strong&gt; - though you can abstractly say &quot;20 humans&quot; or &quot;20 animals&quot;, but in fact it is another example of &quot;пара as set&quot;. When something is done together, in most cases these pairs are matching each other by some criterion  (horses should be of equal sizes and strength, boxers should be in same weight category; dancing pair may or may not require one man and one woman, etc.). So in most cases you cannot mix the pair members.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пара as small amount&lt;/strong&gt; - you cannot use &lt;em&gt;пара as small amount&lt;/em&gt; meaning in &lt;code&gt;десять пар минут&lt;/code&gt; expression. Here it will mean &lt;code&gt;пара as grouping by two for counting&lt;/code&gt;, so десять пар минут means 20 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back to &lt;code&gt;две пары часов&lt;/code&gt;. Here the word &lt;code&gt;пара&lt;/code&gt; can mean &lt;code&gt;one&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;two&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;set&lt;/code&gt;. The word &lt;code&gt;часы&lt;/code&gt; may mean &lt;code&gt;clock&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;wrist/pocket watch&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;hours&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of &lt;strong&gt;hours&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;две пары часов&lt;/code&gt; sounds quite weird by itself, because usually &lt;code&gt;пара часов&lt;/code&gt; is used, which means &lt;code&gt;a couple of hours&lt;/code&gt;, but &lt;code&gt;две пары часов&lt;/code&gt; will have the meaning &lt;code&gt;four hours, grouped by two hours for some reason&lt;/code&gt; (note that in universities &lt;code&gt;пара&lt;/code&gt; stands for &lt;code&gt;two academic hours&lt;/code&gt; - a study session in an educational institution consisting of two 45-minute periods).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of &lt;strong&gt;clock&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;пара&lt;/code&gt; means exactly two clocks, so the meaning here is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Four clocks, that were grouped by two either for ease of counting, or because they form a set by their form, color, price, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though since for watches the result is quite different one would likely add &quot;настенных&quot; to disambiguate clocks and watches (две пары настенных часов).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of &lt;strong&gt;wrist/pocket watch&lt;/strong&gt; пара may mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Two watches (wrist or pocket ones) that are weared by a person. This is a colloquialism - most books on Literature Russian discourage usage &lt;code&gt;пара&lt;/code&gt; in this meaning. As stated by Rosenthal: &quot;Выражение «пара часов» имеет просторечный характер&quot;. However, this expression follows a pattern for many other clothing items - пара очков, пара брюк, пара носок, пара перчаток, etc., so it does not sound weird for a person that have never heard such expression before. Anton Zuev listed a &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/2542/551&quot;&gt;numerous examples&lt;/a&gt; of such sayings. One example from &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%EF%E0%F0%E0&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=%F7%E0%F1%FB&amp;amp;gramm2=S&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;p=30&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ruscorpora.ru dates back to 1874&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пришедшие под вечерок армяне «поддержали коммерцию», купив пару часов и несколько мелочей из сданных мною вещей, как то: цепочки нового золота, коробку слабителъных порошков, перочинные ножики, карандаши и т. под. [П. И. Огородников. Очерки Персии. Калейдоскоп шахруда. Персидское побережье Каспия. Перевал через Кузлук (1874)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is interesting to note that in this citation the pocket watches are described. According to Wikipedia wrist watches &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;become popular after World War I&lt;/a&gt;, because pocket watches were impractical on the battlefield. Before that time men, who carried pocket watches, were quoted as saying they would &quot;sooner wear a skirt as wear a wristwatch&quot; (note this idea of &quot;watch as a piece of cloth&quot; connotation, though the citation itself is not russian of course).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Four watches, grouped by two for counting (see &quot;clocks&quot; example). I beleive that this is the only meaning that Literature Russian allowes. So, such phrase can only be used in a context where these watches are counted (in a shop, in a document, etc.). But since alternative meaning exists that has a very long usage history, I believe that you have a very low chanses of seing such expression in literature, because most editors will rephrase it to avoid ambiguity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as a bottom line, &lt;strong&gt;две пары часов&lt;/strong&gt;, where &lt;code&gt;часы&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;watches&lt;/code&gt; (and not &lt;code&gt;clocks&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;hours&lt;/code&gt;) will always mean &lt;strong&gt;two watches&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2013-09-06T11:39:46.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="122" CreationDate="2013-09-07T10:56:15.020" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, there are some native Russian words beginning with &lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Аист&lt;/strong&gt; was mentioned above. I would add &lt;strong&gt;азбука&lt;/strong&gt; (= alphabet) to the list. The word derives from &lt;strong&gt;аз&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;strong&gt;буки&lt;/strong&gt; - the ancient names of the two first letters of Russian alphabet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, there are no native Russian words beginning with &lt;strong&gt;Ф&lt;/strong&gt; :) Most are taken from Greek, some from German, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: Russian is my native language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1982" LastActivityDate="2013-09-07T10:56:15.020" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2566" CreationDate="2013-09-07T11:06:52.783" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Товарищ&lt;/strong&gt; sounds more ironic these days. I'd agree on this point, it's been already mentioned here in the thread. Also it is used in the military when talking to an officer.&#xA;If you need an equivalent to &lt;strong&gt;mister&lt;/strong&gt;, I'd say there's no such word nowadays. Some were in the past (товарищ, господин, сударь), now not.&#xA;In a conversation with your friend you can use &lt;strong&gt;друг&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;дружище&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;приятель&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;чувак&lt;/strong&gt; (the latter sounds very informal, equals to &lt;strong&gt;dude&lt;/strong&gt;). Or just use his name and don't wory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1982" LastActivityDate="2013-09-07T11:06:52.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2593" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2594" CreationDate="2013-09-08T21:54:07.990" Score="7" ViewCount="1562" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was kidding with friends about them sending me something irrealistic. The written answer I got was:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;тока позже!)) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with &quot;))&quot; being what I think are the Russian emoticons for &lt;em&gt;lol&lt;/em&gt; (without eyes - just the smile). &lt;em&gt;позже&lt;/em&gt; is after but in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lingvo-online.ru/en/Translate/en-ru/%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot;&gt;lingvo&lt;/a&gt; I didn't find something really helpful in order to translate &lt;em&gt;тока&lt;/em&gt;, which is presummably the genitive of &lt;em&gt;ток&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does тока позже mean? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2013-09-08T22:04:24.107" LastActivityDate="2017-06-07T12:27:46.593" Title="What does тока позже mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2593" CreationDate="2013-09-09T01:47:48.287" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Тока&quot; is a (usually intentionally) incorrect spelling of &quot;только&quot;, imitating its common pronunciation (similar to &quot;чо&quot; = &quot;что&quot;). &quot;Тока позже&quot; thus means &quot;only later&quot; or &quot;just later&quot;. The unmatched parentheses are indeed emoticons (I don't think this form is specific to Russia though).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastActivityDate="2013-09-09T01:47:48.287" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2595" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2596" CreationDate="2013-09-09T02:44:09.583" Score="3" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the US we say that someone &quot;couldn't even be elected dogcatcher&quot; to indicate that the person is very unpopular or unqualified; the position of dogcatcher is imagined to be the lowest kind of elective office, so you're truly disliked or incapable if you can't win an election to that position. (In reality, the position of dogcatcher is never on a ballot; the phrase was born in the 19th century.)  Is there anything even close to this kind of phrase in Russia to convey indirectly that a person is very unpopular or incompetent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2013-09-10T06:53:42.170" Title="analogue of &quot;being elected dogcatcher&quot;?" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2595" CreationDate="2013-09-09T07:52:32.787" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no such idiom but depending on the meaning you want to convey, you can express it figuratively:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он годится только в мусорщики.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Его бы и в мусорщики не взяли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он бы только дворником мог работать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Его и в дворники не возьмут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дворник, уборщик, мусорщик are considered the lowest professions by prestige. These phrases are used to express incompetence. I currently cannot construct a similar phrase to express unpopularity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-09-09T07:59:54.220" LastActivityDate="2013-09-09T07:59:54.220" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2595" CreationDate="2013-09-09T10:16:38.203" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This one is very rude, but may match what you need:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ни в пизду, ни в Красную армию&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;о человеке или предмете, который никуда не годится, не имеет видимых достоинств, или о котором нельзя сказать что-либо определённое. &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83,_%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ru.wiktionary.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This proverb says about a human or an object that is not worth anything, has no visible advantages or one that cannot be characterized in any way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think non-rude proverb would be one of the list that Anixx has posted (my favourite one is &quot;Его даже в дворники не возьмут&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During Soviet time all men had to serve in military forces*, so one had almost 100% chance to join the Red Army without having any developed skills. Other part of the proverb says that one cannot cope with having sex with a woman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically this proverb says that someone cannot cope even with simpliest tasks that do not require any qualification at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;* Previously I described here a misleading medical aspect of being selected to military forces, but in fact this is not the case.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-09-10T06:53:42.170" LastActivityDate="2013-09-10T06:53:42.170" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2598" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2620" CreationDate="2013-09-11T13:53:59.573" Score="8" ViewCount="870" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why cows/bulls rarely called so, especially in official documents, but the term КРС (Крупный рогатый скот, lit. &quot;large horned cattle&quot;) is used instead? Other farming animals are called simpler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему коров/быков так часто называют КРС (Крупный рогатый скот), особенно в документах? Других сельскохозяйственных животных называют проще.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1266" LastEditorUserId="153" LastEditDate="2013-12-21T22:57:03.087" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T00:56:18.507" Title="Why are cows (коровы) called &quot;крупный рогатый скот&quot; so frequently?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2598" CreationDate="2013-09-11T15:00:56.897" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Officially, the term &lt;em&gt;корова&lt;/em&gt; is being used to identify a cow which already had calved. &lt;em&gt;Бык&lt;/em&gt; means non-castrated bull. There are also several more terms to describe cows and bulls (information from &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Волы&lt;/em&gt; — bulls of three years and older which have been castrated at an&#xA;early age;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Бычки&lt;/em&gt; — bulls aged between three months and three years;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Бычки-кастраты&lt;/em&gt; — castrated bulls under three years;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Телята молочные&lt;/em&gt; — cows and bulls under three months fed on milk;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тёлки&lt;/em&gt; — cows never calved;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нетели&lt;/em&gt; — cows inseminated artifically;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is just no short term to designate all representatives of this species. All these terms can be combined as &quot;крупный рогатый скот&quot;. In colloquial speech, the words &lt;em&gt;корова&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;бык&lt;/em&gt; are enough to describe any of them (considering gender, of course), but when it comes to official documentation, there is a need in a more general denomination.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1305" LastEditorUserId="153" LastEditDate="2013-12-21T13:01:54.407" LastActivityDate="2013-12-21T13:01:54.407" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2598" CreationDate="2013-09-11T17:03:11.810" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this is just the difference between normal speech and the bureaucratic style of official documents and speeches.  Consider the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;население vs. люди&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;проживать vs. жить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;продукты питания vs. еда или пища&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;место жительства vs. дом или адрес&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-09-11T17:03:11.810" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2598" CreationDate="2013-09-11T19:10:11.707" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because КРС is not only cows, but also зубры, бизоны, буйволы, яки and овцебыки (thought formally last are not Bovinae but Ovibos).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simple word for КРС in Polish, I believe, is &lt;em&gt;bydło&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastEditorUserId="1958" LastEditDate="2013-09-11T19:42:07.960" LastActivityDate="2013-09-11T19:42:07.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2509" CreationDate="2013-09-12T09:57:16.533" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, when using у меня есть pattern, it is giving a sense that the owned thing is existed or not in that person. However, when using the Иметь verb it is giving a sense that the owned thing is being had (&lt;em&gt;to have&lt;/em&gt; actually) by that person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1990" LastActivityDate="2013-09-12T09:57:16.533" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2603" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2604" CreationDate="2013-09-12T13:45:06.220" Score="15" ViewCount="2515" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am fully bilingual but for the life of me, I cannot think of how to tell my little one that we are having a &quot;sleepover&quot; in Russian. Help!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1860" LastActivityDate="2018-10-02T22:15:34.880" Title="How would you translate &quot;sleepover&quot; into Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2603" CreationDate="2013-09-12T14:23:32.800" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe &lt;strong&gt;сходить в гости с ночевкой&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In many similar cases &lt;strong&gt;ночевка&lt;/strong&gt; is used to say that you are going to spend the night out of home:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поехать на выходных на дачу с ночевкой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поехать на пикник с ночевкой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, in online &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?CL=1&amp;amp;s=sleepover&amp;amp;l1=1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;multitran.ru&lt;/a&gt; dictionary the following words are listed from the Vladimir Dal's dictionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;переночеванье, переночевка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Actually it would be much better if you provide the context where the word is used. Otherwise the final result has a chance to sound weird.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-09-12T14:53:43.080" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2605" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2619" CreationDate="2013-09-13T08:38:08.447" Score="3" ViewCount="2030" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/138/how-do-i-split-a-word-into-syllables&quot;&gt;How do I split a word into syllables?&lt;/a&gt; and its answers are helpful if one speaks Russian. Unfortunately I do not speak Russian but need to hyphenate 'Churyumov-Gerasimenko' (there must be other possibilities besides the existing hyphen). Is there some on-line hyphenation tool or dictionary for Russian which provides hyphenation and has an English GUI?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1993" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2013-09-17T11:04:09.997" Title="Is there an on-line hyphenation tool?" Tags="&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="617" CreationDate="2013-09-13T13:47:32.467" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;What I know usually is the following for referring to unknown persons in the street or in a restaurant: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;девушка -- young lady, misses (Ms.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;молодой человек -- young man, mister but younger ones (18-25 age)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;госпожа -- lady, Mrs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;господин -- older man, Mister (Mr.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;официант - официантка -- waiter - waitress in a restaurant (However if the waiter or waitress is young, молодой человек - девушка is more convenient for referring)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1990" LastActivityDate="2013-09-13T13:47:32.467" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2608" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2610" CreationDate="2013-09-14T21:48:38.353" Score="6" ViewCount="300" Body="&lt;p&gt;Direct translation as &quot;Взрыв&quot; sounds extremely wrong when talking about neural bursting. Some neurons can fire a number of spikes (burst of spikes) in a short period of time, followed by a period of quiescence. This phenomenon is called bursting. I have trouble finding a proper translation for the term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD&lt;/strong&gt;: thanks for the suggestions. I'll try to resolve the confusion. I'm referring to a specific dynamical regime of a &lt;em&gt;single&lt;/em&gt; neuron, which happens to be called &quot;bursting&quot;, as described here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Bursting&quot;&gt;http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Bursting&lt;/a&gt;. It's different from the notion of an abstract abrupt increase in the (possibly collective) neural activity, which, I agree, can be nicely translated as &quot;всплеск&quot;/&quot;вспышка&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1994" LastEditorUserId="1994" LastEditDate="2013-09-15T11:26:00.903" LastActivityDate="2013-09-15T19:37:40.803" Title="Translation for &quot;Burst&quot;/&quot;Bursting&quot; (neuroscience)" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2608" CreationDate="2013-09-15T09:16:55.213" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD&lt;/strong&gt;: Proper equivalent for &quot;bursting neuron&quot; in Russian neuroscience is &lt;code&gt;залповый нейрон&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://biology_en_ru.academic.ru/9754/bursting_neuron&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;see here&lt;/a&gt;). It seems weird for me, but google finds some examples of such collocation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is some examples that use &lt;code&gt;Всплеск&lt;/code&gt; in the sense of &quot;neuron activity burst&quot;:&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Всплеск&lt;/strong&gt; нейронной активности, как причина ярких «предсмертных видений» &lt;a href=&quot;http://med36.com/new/593&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Более того, у активных мышей мозг проявлял все признаки контроля над&#xA;  реакциями, поскольку был зарегистрирован &lt;strong&gt;всплеск&lt;/strong&gt; активности так&#xA;  называемых тормозящих нейронов, которые отвечают за контроль над легко&#xA;  возбудимыми нейронами, а также нейроны у этих мышей вырабатывали&#xA;  большее количество нейромедиатора гамма-аминомасляной кислоты (GABA),&#xA;  которая также снижает возбудимость нейронов. &lt;a href=&quot;http://detalimira.com/news/1722/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В ходе односекундного пения отдельные нейроны в HVC запускают лишь&#xA;  один короткий &lt;strong&gt;всплеск&lt;/strong&gt; активности в определенной точке времени пения. &lt;a href=&quot;http://sbio.info/page.php?al=nejrony_rabotajut_po_pri&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;Вспышка&lt;/code&gt; is acceptable too:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так вот, при приступах катаплексии, как и в парадоксальном сне, у&#xA;  собак отмечались мощные &lt;strong&gt;вспышки&lt;/strong&gt; активности этих нейронов! &lt;a href=&quot;http://vivovoco.rsl.ru/VV/JOURNAL/NATURE/11_05/SLEEP.HTM&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1305" LastEditorUserId="1305" LastEditDate="2013-09-15T19:37:40.803" LastActivityDate="2013-09-15T19:37:40.803" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="609" CreationDate="2013-09-15T19:38:49.197" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a verb for being a smartass - &lt;em&gt;умничать&lt;/em&gt;. However I can't think about a noun except for already noted умник, which is not widely used and is not as strong as &quot;smartass&quot;. One could also say something like &quot;&lt;em&gt;сильно умный, да?&lt;/em&gt;&quot; which would be like &quot;you're a smartass, aren't you?&quot; if expressed with proper attitude :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the best way to convey the idea is to use verbs - &lt;em&gt;умничать&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;выпендриваться&lt;/em&gt; mentioned in Dima's answer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="293" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2013-09-16T14:49:31.913" LastActivityDate="2013-09-16T14:49:31.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2613" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2614" CreationDate="2013-09-16T05:15:17.110" Score="3" ViewCount="1732" Body="&lt;p&gt;I get really confused on when should I use какая and when какую, aren't the same thing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1770" LastActivityDate="2013-10-01T15:21:19.287" Title="When to use какая or какую?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2613" CreationDate="2013-09-16T05:52:23.523" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are the same thing, in a certain sense. These are two grammatical cases of a single pronoun &amp;quot;какая&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;which&amp;quot;/&amp;quot;what&amp;quot; (a feminine form, the masculine being &amp;quot;какой&amp;quot;). Namely, &amp;quot;какая&amp;quot; is a nominative, and &amp;quot;какую&amp;quot; is an accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consequently, the form you have to choose is governed by the noun it substitutes or is attached to. For example, the nominative form is used in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как&lt;b&gt;ая&lt;/b&gt; девушк&lt;b&gt;а&lt;/b&gt; тебе нравится?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which girl do you like?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;because the noun &amp;quot;девушка&amp;quot; (girl) is the subject in this sentence (in the Russian one) and is in nominative case itself. On the other hand, the accusative form is used in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как&lt;b&gt;ую&lt;/b&gt; девушк&lt;b&gt;у&lt;/b&gt; ты бы пригласил на танец?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which girl would you invite to a dance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;because the noun &amp;quot;девушка&amp;quot; is the object for the verb &amp;quot;пригласить (кого-то)&amp;quot;, which requires its object to be in accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="75" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-09-16T11:49:05.657" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2616" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2624" CreationDate="2013-09-17T09:22:04.857" Score="11" ViewCount="3375" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen the word &quot;hushers&quot; used to describe the Russian consonants &lt;strong&gt;ч, ш, щ, ж&lt;/strong&gt; (especially in the context of spelling rules). Is this an accepted linguistic concept or is it just a convenient name coined to help language learners?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that they make a &quot;hushing&quot; sound, but what actually distinguishes these consonants &lt;em&gt;linguistically&lt;/em&gt; (phonetically/phonologically)? It seems that the letters &lt;strong&gt;ш/ж&lt;/strong&gt; are retroflex consonants and &lt;strong&gt;ч/щ&lt;/strong&gt; are alveolo-palatal. Are these the only distinguishing feature that makes them &quot;hushers&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I want to be more precise linguistically, could I just refer to them as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;retroflex and alveolo-palatal consonants&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;? Or is there some other feature I am missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1995" LastActivityDate="2019-03-08T00:16:55.457" Title="What distinguishes the &quot;hushers&quot; (ч, ш, щ, ж) linguistically from other consonants?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2617" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2622" CreationDate="2013-09-17T09:51:03.873" Score="10" ViewCount="659" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was taught that certain consonants such as &lt;strong&gt;ш&lt;/strong&gt; are always 'hard'.  What function does the soft sign ь have when placed after these 'always hard' consonants? For example, in words such as &lt;strong&gt;учишься&lt;/strong&gt;? Does ш + ь change the pronunciation of the ш? Or does it just indicate a pause?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1995" LastActivityDate="2013-09-17T15:00:17.173" Title="What function does the soft sign ь have in a word like учишься?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2617" CreationDate="2013-09-17T10:44:51.250" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ь doesn't change the pronunciation of the ш. It doesn't indicate a pause. It is only used in written speech to indicate the form of a verb. Also ь doesn't change the pronunciation in the words &quot;туш&quot; and &quot;тушь&quot;, but these words have different meaning and gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="959" LastActivityDate="2013-09-17T10:44:51.250" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2605" CreationDate="2013-09-17T11:04:09.997" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a multilingual hyphenation tool online here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ushuaia.pl/hyphen/?ln=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ushuaia•pl online hyphenation tool&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is based on the same hyphenation engine that is used in OpenOffice and can auto-hyphenate Russian words, but unfortunately can only accept words written in Cyrillic (which in your case would be Чурюмов-Герасименко).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1995" LastActivityDate="2013-09-17T11:04:09.997" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2598" CreationDate="2013-09-17T11:45:48.260" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Интересно, что слово &amp;quot;говядина&amp;quot; происходит от слова &amp;quot;говядо&amp;quot;, которое означает &amp;quot;коровы, быки и волы&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;Словарь русского языка XVIII в.&amp;quot; дает такой &lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/sl18/slov-abc/04/sl514909.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;пример употребления&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ГОВЯ́ДО&lt;/strong&gt;, а, ср. Слав. Общее название быков и коров.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Охотно лижут соль овцы, голуби, козы, лошади, и &lt;strong&gt;говяда&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/efremova/154640/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;словаре Ефремовой&lt;/a&gt; это слово помечено как &amp;quot;местн.&amp;quot; (правда не понятно где это &amp;quot;местное&amp;quot; употребление зафиксировано, но это в любом случае &amp;quot;диалектное, устаревшее&amp;quot; слово):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Крупный рогатый скот (бык, вол, корова).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть это слово и в словаре Фасмера, и в словаре Даля. Примечательно что Даль в определении этого слова использует выражение &amp;quot;крупная рогатая скотина&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ГОВЯДО&#xA;ср., церк. крупная рогатая скотина, бык, вол или корова.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Заметьте, что словари не упоминают здесь ни телок, ни бычков-кастратов, ни других специализированных с/х терминов)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если верить сайту &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc2p/225390&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dic.academic.ru&lt;/a&gt;, эта статья взята из редакции 1866 года, так что термин КРС имеет давнюю историю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему же для коров и быков используют этот термин?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Скорее всего потому что другого слова для обозначения быков, коров и волов в русском языке нет (почему-то &amp;quot;говядо&amp;quot; не стало общеупотребимым словом), а другого &amp;quot;крупного рогатого скота&amp;quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_colier/4024/%D0%9A%D0%A0%D0%A3%D0%9F%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%99&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;в широком смысле&lt;/a&gt; (зубры, бизоны, буйволы, яки) в сельском хозяйстве России не используют.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Самое раннее употребление в Русском национальном корпусе относится к 1783 году, так что этот термин не изобретение советской бюрократии:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Превеликое употребление мяса, нужное англичанам, и великий вывоз соленого мяса, коровьего масла, сыру и т. п. доказывают, на каком степени процветения должно быть там скотоводство крупного рогатого скота. [Н. И. Новиков. О торговле вообще (1783)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Словаре Брокгауза и Ефрона&amp;quot; (1907)&lt;/a&gt; сказано следующее:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Скот рогатый крупный&lt;/strong&gt;. — Такое название издавна усвоено виду рода Bos — В. taurus, т. е. нашему быку и корове. Другие виды этого рода также крупны и рогаты, но их обыкновенно называют своими именами. Так, В. bubalus называется буйволом, В. Bison в Америке бизоном, а у нас зубром и т. д. И из других домашних животных также рогаты овцы, но их так и называют овцами, а не &lt;strong&gt;рогатым скотом&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из чего можно сделать вывод что быков и коров могли называть и просто &lt;em&gt;рогатым скотом&lt;/em&gt; (без слова &amp;quot;крупный&amp;quot;, которое, кстати в корпусе иногда заменяется на &amp;quot;большой&amp;quot;). Поиск в корпусе дает следующие цитаты:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пифагор за изобретение одного геометрического правила Зевесу принёс на жертву сто &lt;strong&gt;волов&lt;/strong&gt;. Но ежели бы за найденные в нынешние времена от остроумных математиков правила по суеверной его ревности поступать, то бы едва в целом свете столько &lt;strong&gt;рогатого скота&lt;/strong&gt; сыскалось.  [М. В. Ломоносов. Волфианская экспериментальная физика, с немецкого подлинника на латинском языке сокращенная (1745)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Весною ж &lt;strong&gt;рогатый скот&lt;/strong&gt; чесать железными скребницами и при том мыть в реке, чрез что грязь и плоть и линючая шерсть вытти может; сие для скота весьма здорово. [В. Н. Татищев. Краткие экономические до деревни следующие записки (1742)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some Russian dialects there is a word &lt;strong&gt;говядо&lt;/strong&gt; that exactly matches English word cattle (cows, bulls and oxen). However this word is not widely used in Russian nowadays. The &lt;strong&gt;Крупный рогатый скот&lt;/strong&gt; term, however is used for at least 220 years. Though it can also mean many other animals like yaks or bisons, in fact these animals are not used in Russia, so &lt;em&gt;крупный рогатый скот&lt;/em&gt; means exactly cows, bulls and oxen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-09-17T14:28:40.857" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2617" CreationDate="2013-09-17T12:01:14.830" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;All verbs and adverbs with trailing ж, ш and ч always have soft sign as the last character. It's just grammar rules, so soft sign in this cases has no function.&#xA;In your example, &quot;учишься&quot; is derivative from &quot;учишь&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read more info and make exercises here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/class/coach/tbgramota/45_88&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.gramota.ru/class/coach/tbgramota/45_88&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Глаголы с шипящим на конце всегда пишутся с мягким знаком. Например: СМОТРИШЬ или ПОСМОТРИШЬ (в форме второго лица ед. числа&#xA;  настоящего или будущего времени), РЕЖЬ (в повелительном наклонении),&#xA;  ЖЕЧЬ (в неопределенной форме). Обратите внимание, что в глаголах&#xA;  мягкий знак может оказаться после шипящей и не на самом конце слова, а&#xA;  перед постфиксами –СЯ или -ТЕ, например: КУПАЕШЬСЯ, СПРЯЧЬТЕ.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2002" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2013-09-17T14:12:01.157" LastActivityDate="2013-09-17T14:12:01.157" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2617" CreationDate="2013-09-17T14:42:53.973" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason is purely historical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before the orthography reform of 1918, the two words mentioned by @КуЪ were written as &lt;em&gt;тушъ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;тушь&lt;/em&gt;, accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those two writings are relics of the law of open syllables which, among other things, forbade the words to end with consonants in early Slavic languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The letters &lt;em&gt;ъ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ь&lt;/em&gt; denoted reduced vowels present in Slavic languages at the time the Cyrillic alphabet was developed, and, though they later had either fallen or been transformed into full-length vowels both in Russian and in Russian rendition of Church Slavonic, the end-vowel rule had survived in Russian orthography (though it was not reflecting actual pronunciation anymore), because some kind of marking was required to distinguish words in pairs like &lt;em&gt;мол/моль&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;кров/кровь&lt;/em&gt; and similar, where palatalization of the final consonant distinguishes between the meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1918's reform retained &lt;em&gt;ь&lt;/em&gt; in final positions for all words where it was historically present (including those ending with consonants not forming soft/hard pairs anymore), and dropped &lt;em&gt;ъ&lt;/em&gt; in all final positions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other Slavic languages using Cyrillic had also undergone similar reforms: 1945's reform of Bulgarian orthography dropped both trailing &lt;em&gt;ъ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ь&lt;/em&gt; (as all trailing Bulgarian consonants are hard), and 1847's reform of Serbian removed both &lt;em&gt;ъ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ь&lt;/em&gt; from the alphabet at all (as only &lt;em&gt;л, н, ц, ч&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ж&lt;/em&gt; have hard/soft varieties in Serbian, the Serbs introduced separate letters for the each variety instead).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some orthography reform projects (i. e. Fortunatov's 1912 project) suggested that final &lt;em&gt;ь&lt;/em&gt; would be dropped after hard consonants as well, as the distinction it marks is only valid for  but a few pairs and not represented at speech at all. However, none of those projects had passed so far.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-09-17T15:00:17.173" LastActivityDate="2013-09-17T15:00:17.173" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2613" CreationDate="2013-09-17T15:18:26.080" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Accusative is used when the object of the sentence has been affected directly by the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e.g.: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я увидел девушку какую ты пригласил на танец&#xA;I saw the girl that you invited to dance.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1990" LastEditorUserId="1990" LastEditDate="2013-09-17T15:25:33.980" LastActivityDate="2013-09-17T15:25:33.980" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2616" CreationDate="2013-09-17T22:59:18.427" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for me, I've never encountered the word &quot;hushers&quot; before, but since you are writing about &lt;strong&gt;ч, ш, щ, ж&lt;/strong&gt;, I guess you mean what is called &lt;code&gt;шипящие звуки&lt;/code&gt; in Russian. &lt;code&gt;Шипящие звуки&lt;/code&gt; can be translated as &quot;hissing sounds&quot; into English, but there is a conceptual difference between the ideas behind the English &lt;code&gt;hissing&lt;/code&gt; and Russian &lt;code&gt;шипящий&lt;/code&gt;: in English snakes hissssssss, in Russian snakes шшшшшшшипят, that is they say not &quot;s-s-s-s&quot;, but &quot;sh-sh-sh-sh&quot;, hence the sounds that are sh-like are called &lt;code&gt;шипящие звуки&lt;/code&gt; in Russian. So, the term &lt;code&gt;hushers&lt;/code&gt; sounds rather apt, since &quot;sh-sh-sh-sh&quot; is exactly the way you hush someone. To sum it up, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Hushers are sh-like sounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why these four sounds are groupped together and considered sh-like is rather logical:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt; is a voiced counterpart of &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;щ&lt;/code&gt; is a long palatalised &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;ч&lt;/code&gt; is an affricate that includes a palatalised version of &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt; as its second component.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-09-17T22:59:18.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2625" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="441" CreationDate="2013-09-19T09:03:04.507" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is another series of similar proverbs featuring &lt;strong&gt;синица&lt;/strong&gt; as a little bird that does not worth anything:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Синица не птица, а прапорщик не офицер&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Синица не птица, зять не родня&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Синица-не птица, Польша-не заграница&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Синичку хоть в пшеничку, а толще не будет&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Хвалилась синица море спалить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though in some cases even such small bird still matters (examlpes from Vladimir Dal's dictionary):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;За морем и синица птица (там всё едят)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мала синичка, да ноготок остер&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Не величка синичка, да та же птичка  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is interesting that the &quot;Синица не птица&quot; cannot be found in National Corpus and Google Ngrams, but &quot;курица не птица&quot; is mentioned in Pushkin's letter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это напоминает славное решение, приписываемое Петру I: женщина не человек, курица не птица, прапорщик не офицер. [А. С. Пушкин. Отрывки из писем, мысли и замечания (1827)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2013-09-19T09:03:04.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2616" CreationDate="2013-09-19T12:12:42.367" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you need to take a look at the following table. As you can see there are other consonants in the system. From the 4 consonants that you mention 3 belong to the same group but still differ in some way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to your question about &quot;&lt;strong&gt;retroflex and alveolo-palatal consonants&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, I found this in Wikipedia's &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex_consonant&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Retroflex consonant&lt;/a&gt; article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Retroflex sounds need to be &lt;strong&gt;distinguished&lt;/strong&gt; from other consonants made in the same parts of the mouth (postalveolar, alveolar, or palatal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does that mean that a consonant cannot be retroflex and alveolo-palatal at the same time and your question is erroneous per se? I am not sure, I am not a phonologist, but I hope my answer helps you to work in the right direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/O26xX.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lik-bez.com/board/2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian phonetics (in Russian)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastActivityDate="2013-09-19T12:12:42.367" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2616" CreationDate="2013-09-19T17:09:03.303" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Linguistic term of these sounds is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilant_consonant&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;sibilant consonants&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from their differences, what they have in common is that they all have a more or less hissing sound. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="71" LastActivityDate="2013-09-19T17:09:03.303" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2572" CreationDate="2013-09-19T20:35:07.267" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What case should I use here? Accusative or Genitive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should without doubt use accusative here, but I think you intended to ask whether &lt;em&gt;личность&lt;/em&gt; is animate or not in this context (in other words, whether to use &lt;em&gt;кого?&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;что?&lt;/em&gt; in accusative).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe this passage from Rosenthal (153.5):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Слово &lt;em&gt;лицо&lt;/em&gt; в значении «человек» употребляется во множественном числе как существительное одушевленное, например: &lt;em&gt;наградить отдельных лиц&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would apply to &lt;em&gt;личность&lt;/em&gt; as well, so your example is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Yeskova's &lt;em&gt;Краткий словарь трудностей русского языка&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YbL4o.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-09-23T08:40:30.203" LastActivityDate="2013-09-23T08:40:30.203" CommentCount="17" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2572" CreationDate="2013-09-19T20:57:28.240" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on what the author wanted to say. As of your variant, it is ungrammatical, but there are two possible corrections with different meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Размышлять подобным образом значит исключать из их числа такие&#xA;  исторические личности как Бендамор и Контратий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Размышлять подобным образом значит исключать их из числа таких&#xA;  исторических личностей как Бендамор и Контратий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if you swap &quot;их&quot; and &quot;из&quot; the sentence becomes fully grammatical, but the meaning is different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-09-19T20:57:28.240" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2634" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-09-23T08:26:18.723" Score="7" ViewCount="184" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian has free word order. So the the syntactic role of a noun is usually determined by morphology. Yet there are some indeclinable nouns and nouns for which say Accusative and Nominative forms do not differ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's consider a sentence about two football clubs, &quot;Lokomotiv&quot; and &quot;Dinamo&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Динамо&quot; побеждает &quot;Локомотив&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me it is unclear from this sentence who really wins - the &quot;Динамо&quot; or the &quot;Локомотив&quot;. Even the intonation does not help here to resolve the ambiguity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I was in first grade I asked a teacher about such sentences (Another example being &quot;Добро побеждает зло&quot;), and she said it is the SVO (subject-verb-object) word order that should be assumed by default. I still wonder whether there is such real rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-09-23T10:34:27.087" LastActivityDate="2013-10-09T20:13:08.267" Title="How to assume the syntactic role of indeclinable nouns?" Tags="&lt;синтаксис&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2635" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2634" CreationDate="2013-09-23T09:23:14.203" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal, 180.2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лексико-грамматическое значение главного слова предопределяет необходимость управляемого слова (одного или нескольких) и их форму.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, глагол &lt;em&gt;резать&lt;/em&gt; обозначает действие, которое должно быть на что-то направлено (объект действия) и чем-то производиться (орудие действия). Объект, на который распространяется действие, имеет форму винительного падежа, а орудие действия – творительного. Причем обязательность объекта и инструмента при этом глаголе неодинакова: объект обязателен (класс переходных глаголов), поэтому управление между глаголом и существительным здесь сильное; орудие действия менее обязательно, поэтому управление слабое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если у главного слова несколько зависимых, как в вышеприведенном примере, то, естественно, что сначала идет слово более обязательное (сильное управление), а затем менее обязательное (слабое управление), поэтому предполагается следующий порядок слов: &lt;em&gt;резать (что?) бумагу (чем?) ножницами; приезд (кого?) сына (к кому?) к родителям&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, Dynamo should be assumed the winner, because this way your sentence could produce complex sentences more readily. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Динамо побеждает Анжи и выходит в финал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Динамо побеждает Анжи, которая находится в лучшей форме.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second phrase is grammatical but would be fit as a continuation of some previous discourse, not just by itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-09-23T09:23:14.203" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2636" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2634" CreationDate="2013-09-23T12:04:40.797" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian has free word order indeed. However, word order must be reasonable. For example, you need to say &quot;I defeated you&quot;. If there is no context, &quot;Я победил тебя&quot; would be the correct translation. &quot;Тебя победил я&quot; has slightly different meaning depending on the content (e.g. contrasting implied: &quot;Тебя победил я, а его победил кто-то другой&quot;). So, if we have an ambiguity and do not have a context, we should assume the SVO word order. It's hard to believe that the author implied &quot;Динамо is defeated by the Локомотив&quot; and used inversed word order without an obvious reason. Even if there is a reason to do this, you should avoid the reversed order in such cases because your goal is that your readers understand you correctly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the usual word order provides meaningless sentense and the reversed order does not, you can assume that the reversed order is used even without a context. However, it would still sound odd. The classical example is &quot;Солнце закрыло облако&quot;. The meaning is clear, but this sentense sounds ridiculous nevertheless. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are many other cases where an ambiguity can occur. Generally, if the meaning is not obvious, such ambiguity is considered as an error. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1755" LastActivityDate="2013-09-23T12:04:40.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2637" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2638" CreationDate="2013-09-23T14:41:12.340" Score="8" ViewCount="183452" Body="&lt;p&gt;В слове &lt;em&gt;окрестность&lt;/em&gt; есть непроизносимая согласная &lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;Какое будет проверочное слово?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если верить Викисловарю, корень здесь &lt;em&gt;окрест-&lt;/em&gt;. Каким словом показать, что в корне есть &lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt;, чтобы она произносилась?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="33" LastActivityDate="2019-04-14T07:16:58.763" Title="Проверочное слово к слову «окрестность»" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2637" CreationDate="2013-09-23T14:54:57.967" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Окрест&lt;/strong&gt; - не только корень, но и устаревшее слово, синоним слова &lt;strong&gt;вокруг&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Толковый словарь Ушакова:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ОКРЕ́СТ (книжн. поэт. устар.). 1. предлог с род. Вокруг, по соседству от чего-нибудь. «Окрест него дремучий бор.» Жуковский. 2. нареч. Вокруг, по близости, по соседству. «Окрест ни один не мерцает маяк.» А.Блок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Этимологически это слово заимствовано из старо-славянского (производное от слова &lt;em&gt;крест&lt;/em&gt;) и буквально означало &quot;местность вокруг креста&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ОКРЕСТ. Заимств. из ст.-сл. яз., где оно является преф. производным от крьстъ (см. крест). Буквально — &quot;местность вокруг креста, окрестность&quot;. Ср. вокруг. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru/~%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82/&quot;&gt;Этимологический словарь&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-09-23T15:42:18.003" LastActivityDate="2013-09-23T15:42:18.003" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="617" CreationDate="2013-09-23T15:32:29.873" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Простите, как пройти ... ?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(touch him/her:)Извините, вы тут ... .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2018" LastActivityDate="2013-09-23T15:32:29.873" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2641" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2052" CreationDate="2013-09-23T15:50:52.717" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means that if you have already received good, trying to take even more may leave you with bare hands. This rabbit tried to hide even better, but lost his hiding place at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2018" LastActivityDate="2013-09-23T15:50:52.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2647" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2649" CreationDate="2013-09-26T23:14:31.190" Score="6" ViewCount="11736" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Согласно Вашего запроса&quot; or &quot;Согласно Вашему запросу&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if both are correct, what's the difference, if any?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2014-06-12T02:13:36.540" Title="&quot;Согласно Вашего запроса&quot; or &quot;Согласно Вашему запросу&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2649" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2647" CreationDate="2013-09-27T00:53:28.813" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;The correct variant is &lt;code&gt;Согласно Вашему запросу&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the modern Russian language the preposition &lt;code&gt;согласно&lt;/code&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/trudnosti/36_64&quot;&gt;needs&lt;/a&gt; the &lt;strong&gt;Dative case&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Уже в XIX веке конструкция согласно чего, то есть с родительным падежом, расценивалась как характерная примета официально-деловой, канцелярской речи. В современном русском литературном языке нормативна только конструкция согласно чему, то есть с дательным падежом. Такая конструкция должна употребляться и в официально-деловом стиле.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Правильно: &lt;em&gt;согласно закону, согласно договору, согласно приказу,&#xA;  согласно указу, согласно распоряжению&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Already in the 19th century the usage of &quot;согласно&quot; with the Genitive case was considered too official. In the modern Russian language only the Dative case is used with this preposition, even in the official-style texts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The correct forms: &lt;em&gt;согласно закону, согласно договору, согласно приказу,&#xA;  согласно указу, согласно распоряжению&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-09-27T00:53:28.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2440" CreationDate="2013-09-27T14:15:39.853" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems some words pertaining to the topic (albeit kind of rare) were missed.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;'Кобь' –  an archaic word, meaning 'волхование', 'ворожба', 'гадание по приметам, полету птиц'.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And a few words having the same root morpheme:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;'коб(л)ение' – 'гадание по полету птиц';&lt;br&gt;&#xA;'кобник' – 'гадатель, знахарь'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also “кам” – a word encountered in syberian dialects (&lt;a href=&quot;http://vidahl.agava.ru/cgi-bin/dic.cgi?p=76&amp;amp;t=12546&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;according to V. I. Dal&lt;/a&gt;), meaning “shaman”.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Камлать – to tell fortunes, to perform a shamanic ritual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some more:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;гадатель – fortune-teller;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;гадалка – his female counterpart;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;гадание - fortune-telling, divination;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;гадать – (in this case) to tell fortunes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2042" LastActivityDate="2013-09-27T14:15:39.853" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2021-03-12T22:30:21.560" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2654" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-02T12:22:15.730" Score="11" ViewCount="174" Body="&lt;p&gt;в Хельсинк&lt;b&gt;и&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;OR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в Хельсинк&lt;b&gt;ах&lt;/b&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2057" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-10-02T12:36:01.220" LastActivityDate="2013-10-02T13:25:02.483" Title="What is the right form of answer for the question &quot;Where?&quot;" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2655" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-02T12:38:22.280" Score="15" ViewCount="332" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most cases we create a noun in -щик from a verb, we observe the following pattern:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;носить - носильщик&#xA;давить - давильщик&#xA;морить - морильщик&#xA;красить - красильщик&#xA;просить - просильщик&#xA;лудить - лудильщик&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have also платить. Why it is платЕльщик then? It seems highly unnatural to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-10-03T11:10:46.993" LastActivityDate="2013-10-04T13:03:33.180" Title="Why налогоплатЕльщик rather than налогоплатИльщик is the correct form?" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2654" CreationDate="2013-10-02T12:49:49.010" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to paragraph 184 (non-declining nouns) of the Short Russian Grammar (&lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.ru/default.aspx?s=0&amp;amp;p=5312&amp;amp;0a0=1712#184&quot;&gt;direct link - in Russian&lt;/a&gt;), foreign-language toponyms that end in vowels other than &lt;em&gt;-а&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;-ы&lt;/em&gt; do not decline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, you'll get:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Где?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В Хельсинки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Где?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В Каннах&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You do often hear &lt;em&gt;в Хельсинках&lt;/em&gt;, however this usage is colloquial and is not grammatically correct.  This is just an analogue of the declension of Russian toponyms with similar ending.  Compare the above with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Где?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В Лужниках&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-10-02T13:09:55.017" LastActivityDate="2013-10-02T13:09:55.017" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2654" CreationDate="2013-10-02T13:25:02.483" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Toponyms which calque plural from the language of origin do decline as plurals in Russian: &lt;em&gt;в Афинах / Кумах / Каннах / Сиракузах&lt;/em&gt;, just the same as native Russian toponyms in plural: в &lt;em&gt;Мытищах / Химках / Чебоксарах&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;em&gt;Хельсинки&lt;/em&gt; is not plural in Finnish and hence not plural in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's a singular noun, and as any singular Russian noun ending in &lt;em&gt;-и&lt;/em&gt;, is not declinable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct form would be &lt;em&gt;в Хельсинки&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-10-02T13:25:02.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2658" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2655" CreationDate="2013-10-02T14:24:05.763" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is such called &quot;и - е swap&quot; (&lt;em&gt;мена и - е&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Trubachyov in &lt;em&gt;Труды по этимологии: Слово. История. Культура&lt;/em&gt; attributes it to Russian glycolalia (&lt;em&gt;сладкоязычие&lt;/em&gt;) which tends to mix stressed &lt;em&gt;й&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ль&lt;/em&gt; in some dialects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is common to replace stressed &lt;em&gt;ий&lt;/em&gt; with &lt;em&gt;ей&lt;/em&gt; in Russian. That's why we have names like &lt;em&gt;Сергей, Мокей, Алексей&lt;/em&gt; (from &lt;em&gt;Сергий, Мокий, Алексий&lt;/em&gt;), words like &lt;em&gt;змей, книгочей&lt;/em&gt; and the dialectal word &lt;em&gt;Расея&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Glycolalia, among other things, makes stressed &lt;em&gt;иль&lt;/em&gt; to be replaced with &lt;em&gt;ель&lt;/em&gt; in some words by analogy with &lt;em&gt;ей &amp;lt; ий&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;апрель &amp;lt; априль &amp;lt; Aprilis&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;канитель &amp;lt; канетиль &amp;lt; cannetille&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This contamination is most probably the cause of the swap in the word you're mentioning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;плательщик (= платейщик) &amp;lt; платильщик (= платийщик)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;молельщик (= молейщик) &amp;lt; молильщик (= молийщик)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-10-02T14:24:05.763" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2659" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-03T19:06:13.840" Score="2" ViewCount="306" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я сейчас нахожусь в Дно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я сейчас нахожусь в Дне ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am especially curious about how the natives of the city go about this matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-10-04T08:02:04.950" LastActivityDate="2013-10-04T12:53:07.777" Title="Does the toponym Дно decline in Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;toponyms&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2659" CreationDate="2013-10-03T20:11:34.113" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nouns are not conjugated, they are declined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;City names in Russian are declined with the exception of some foreign names, in which case the rules are quite complicated -- see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/?rub=rubric_90&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/?rub=rubric_90&lt;/a&gt; (in Russian). So the correct version is &quot;Я сейчас нахожусь в Дне&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, when in doubt whether you must decline a city name or not, safer would be to say &quot;в городе X&quot; (vs. just &quot;в X&quot;) and not decline the name. The reason is that it's a pretty common error for Russians not to decline city names at all if prepended with &quot;город[-е/-а/etc]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2013-10-04T08:37:44.913" LastActivityDate="2013-10-04T08:37:44.913" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2659" CreationDate="2013-10-04T12:53:07.777" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дно&lt;/em&gt; is recognized as native word, so it should be declined. Even more – Russians will doubt for a moment before saying &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;в Дне&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, because &lt;em&gt;на дне&lt;/em&gt; is more probable and &quot;natural&quot; way of saying this common word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сан-Диего&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Сан-Франциско&lt;/em&gt; are recognized as foreign words, so they shouldn't be declined. Some common non-native words like &lt;em&gt;пальто&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;бюро&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;кимоно&lt;/em&gt; – also.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Transitional case are native toponyms like &lt;em&gt;Домодедово&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Шереметьево&lt;/em&gt;. They used to be immutable in Soviet times (don't know why), but currently more people tend to decline them: &lt;em&gt;в Домодедове&lt;/em&gt; for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Think of it like when Russians got some new word from other language, they don't know what to do with it – what gender to use, how to decline. After some time they may adapt it and start to decline it as usual Russian word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2013-10-04T12:53:07.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2662" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-04T12:56:15.397" Score="8" ViewCount="374" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the moment it is fashionable to not praise children on issues they don't control (inherent intelligence) and instead praise them on what they can control-- effort, hard work. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-power-prime/200909/parenting-dont-praise-your-children&quot;&gt;Ref&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English doesn't have a tidy word for this that I can think of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Icelandic does, duglegur, which basically means persistent and, hard working and is routinely used to praise children. &lt;a href=&quot;http://slovarus.info/isl.php&quot;&gt;One online dictionary&lt;/a&gt; says this means работящий, энергичный, способный, ловкий. I'm not sure how to use these in a colloquial phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What phrases in Russian convey this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="967" LastEditorUserId="967" LastEditDate="2013-10-04T17:28:42.403" LastActivityDate="2013-10-12T22:41:17.927" Title="How to praise a toddler's effort in Russian (instead of intelligence?)" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2655" CreationDate="2013-10-04T13:03:33.180" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe because  of &lt;em&gt;платеж&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;платежный&lt;/em&gt;. Maybe if the Russian have &lt;em&gt;платильный&lt;/em&gt; not &lt;em&gt;платежный&lt;/em&gt;, it would be &lt;em&gt;платИльщик&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2013-10-04T13:03:33.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2662" CreationDate="2013-10-04T13:19:54.500" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word you are looking for is most probably &lt;em&gt;прилежный&lt;/em&gt;: &quot;diligent, thorough, able to perform routine work and do their best to get things done&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian schools used to grade &lt;em&gt;поведение&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;demeanor&quot;) and &lt;em&gt;прилежание&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;diligence&quot;) at the end of school terms, along with the subjects taught in the school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those grades did not necessarily correlate with the subject grades: a not so bright pupil could get a 5 (highest mark) for diligence but 4 for the subject itself, while brilliant but lazy kid could ignore homework and classwork being good in tests, getting excellent subject results but a lower grade for diligence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-10-04T13:19:54.500" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2662" CreationDate="2013-10-04T13:27:57.410" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Analogue for the &amp;quot;Good job&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;молодец&amp;quot; (that is not recommended in the article you posted the link to).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though Quassnoi is probably right that &amp;quot;прилежный&amp;quot; is best match for what you are seeking, the word itself (as for me) is so bound to school marks that I would not be happy if someone told me that I am. I would propose &lt;strong&gt;старательный&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;усердный&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for phrases I would probably say &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;У тебя очень хорошо получается&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;ты очень старался&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;,   &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;ты на славу поработал&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some more examples from russian &lt;a href=&quot;http://gaverdovskaya.ru/public/consch/story787.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article on parenting&lt;/a&gt;. Note that all praises are focused on current situation and you cannot just say one word to achieve your parenting goal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Умница! Очень аккуратно строишь!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Молодец! Отлично для первого раза!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-10-05T12:25:26.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2666" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-06T00:19:07.633" Score="3" ViewCount="11027" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно сокращать слово «байт»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В английском языке, обычно принято использовать заглавную букву «Б» для «байт», и строчную букву «б» для «бит».  По-русски будет по-другому?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, почему товарищи из Sun Microsystems так не делают, когда пишут по-русски: &lt;a href=&quot;https://blogs.oracle.com/bonwick/entry/space_maps_russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://blogs.oracle.com/bonwick/entry/space_maps_russian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;Для файловой системы в 1Гб битовая карта займет 32Кб -- её можно держать в оперативной памяти и довольно быстро сканировать для поиска свободного пространства. Для файловой системы в 1Тб размер битовой карты составит уже 32 Мб -- такой объём ещё можно уместить в оперативной памяти, но это уже нетривиально в смысле размера и времени сканирования. Битовая карта для файловой системы в 1Пб потребует уже 32Гб, и уже просто-напросто не поместится в оперативной памяти большинства машин. Следовательно, сканирование битовой карты в этом случае потребует её чтения с диска, который намного медленнее оперативной памяти.&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1665" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:35:43.667" LastActivityDate="2015-11-27T08:46:17.297" Title="Правильное сокращение «байт» и «бит»" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;информатика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2667" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2670" CreationDate="2013-10-06T02:04:48.520" Score="5" ViewCount="1224" Body="&lt;p&gt;When writing Cyrillic by hand is it preferred to write in roman type italic type? For example, should I write г, &lt;em&gt;г&lt;/em&gt;? д or &lt;em&gt;д&lt;/em&gt;? и and й or &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;й&lt;/em&gt;? т or &lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt;? Or should one use cursive to write? What type is normally written in handwriting in countries that use Cyrillic?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="221" LastActivityDate="2013-10-07T18:40:36.533" Title="What is the preferred form of Cyrillic to use for handwriting?" Tags="&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2668" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2669" CreationDate="2013-10-06T02:13:22.320" Score="6" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure if I'm looking for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;optative&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;hortative&lt;/a&gt;. I'm trying to translate a religious text, expressing wish and the hope that the listener and speaker will follow through on those wishes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;May the weather be seasonable, may the harvest be fruitful, may&#xA;  countries exist in harmony, and may all people enjoy happiness. May we&#xA;  share these benefits equally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't type Cyrillic to save my life. I can't demonstrate due diligence in writing this question. I can't delete it because it has an answer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="967" LastEditorUserId="967" LastEditDate="2013-10-07T18:28:38.980" LastActivityDate="2013-10-07T18:28:38.980" Title="Express optative/hortative other than &quot;Давай&quot; or &quot;Может быть&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2668" CreationDate="2013-10-06T04:06:02.630" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &quot;may&quot; in wishes is translated into Russian with the rare construction which is the remains of the old Slavic optative mood, &lt;code&gt;да&lt;/code&gt; + &lt;code&gt;the Future Tense verb&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;пусть / пускай&lt;/code&gt;+ &lt;code&gt;the Future Tense verb&lt;/code&gt;. &quot;Может&quot; does not go here, since it expresses only probability, not wish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;May the weather be seasonable - Да будет погода хорошей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;May the harvest be fruitful - Да будет урожай богатым&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;May countries exist in harmony - Пусть страны будут пребывать в гармонии&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;May we share these benefits equally - Да разделим мы все эти блага в равной мере&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-10-06T04:06:02.630" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2667" CreationDate="2013-10-06T04:24:18.767" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_cursive&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;preferred&lt;/a&gt; form is the standard modern Russian Cyrillic &lt;a href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Russian_Cursive_Cyrillic.svg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;cursive&lt;/a&gt;. Russians do not normally write in typed block letters, everybody uses the cursive. If you prefer the block letters, you can choose any letter shape available, all of them will be understood. The only limitation is that mixing italic and block shapes should be avoided (like по &lt;em&gt;г&lt;/em&gt; ода), or else what you wrote will be looked at as something written by a barely literate person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-10-06T04:48:23.750" LastActivityDate="2013-10-06T04:48:23.750" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2666" CreationDate="2013-10-06T08:16:08.113" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;В области компьютерных единиц измерения остается много подобных несоответствий, поскольку это инженерная дисциплина, а не научная. Поэтому номенклатура исторически создавалась похожей на научную, но с научной точки зрения развивалась &quot;неправильно&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В последнее время есть последовательные шаги в сторону стандартизации номенклатуры (например новые названия &quot;кибибиты&quot; и &quot;кибибайты&quot; вместо с научной точки зрения неправильных &quot;килобитов&quot; и &quot;килобайт&quot;), но не все внимательно за этим следят. В целом русские обозначения ориентируются на английские, т.к. именно английский язык является законодателем мод в области IT.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что же касается блогов и прочих &quot;самописных&quot; ресурсов, то ожидать 100% грамотности и точности в употреблении терминов ожидать не приходится, ведь текст не проходит через руки корректоров, редакторов и научных редакторов перед публикацией.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если же обратиться к документации, то например действующий &lt;a href=&quot;http://pribor.info/docs/?start=0&amp;amp;action=obj&amp;amp;objid=82476&amp;amp;relid=3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ГОСТ 8.417-2002&lt;/a&gt; не приводит однобуквенного сокращения для слова &quot;бит&quot;, оно должно писаться как &quot;Кбит&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/AnTmt.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;таблица единиц информации и их сокращений&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А ниже приводится такое примечание (обратите внимание что слово &quot;байт&quot; указано целиком):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Исторически сложилась такая ситуация, что с наименованием „байт“ некорректно (вместо 1000 = 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; принято 1024 = 2&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;) использовали (и используют) приставки СИ: 1 Кбайт = 1024 байт, 1 Мбайт = 1024 Кбайт, 1 Гбайт = 1024 Мбайт и т.д. При этом обозначение Кбайт начинают с прописной буквы в отличие от строчной буквы „к“ для обозначения множителя 103.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что согласно ГОСТу для байт нужно писать &lt;strong&gt;Кбайт&lt;/strong&gt; или &lt;strong&gt;КБ&lt;/strong&gt;, а для бит - только &lt;strong&gt;Кбит&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Солидарна с ГОСТом и Википедия: &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;КБ - &quot;килобайт&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Кбит - &quot;килобит&quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Впрочем, внимательный читатель обратит внимание что приложение &quot;А&quot; ГОСТа не обязательное, а рекомендованное, что, конечно, не позволяет сказать что нужно писать только так, а не иначе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очень хорошая статья описывающая историю путаницы с байтами и битами есть на &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.artlebedev.ru/kovodstvo/sections/84/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;сайте Артемия Лебедева&lt;/a&gt;. Он достаточно обоснованно утверждает что путаница в обозначениях активно используется в рекламных целях (попробуйте &quot;пораскачивать&quot; в рекламных целях систему СИ). В конце статьи приводятся &quot;правильные аббревиатуры&quot; для единиц измерения информации: для Кбайта - КБ, для Кбита - Кб. Там же можно увидеть и такие аббревиатуры как кБ (десятичный килобайт = 1000 байт) и кб (килобит - 1000 бит).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Впрочем, хотя мнение Лебедева является достаточно влиятельным, вряд ли можно ссылаться на него как на официальный источник. Очевидно также что Лебедев за основу правильных аббревиатур взял англо-американский стандарт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот в этом учебнике информатики биты и байты вообще не сокращаются: Кбайт и Кбит: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.niisi.ru/kumir/books/2.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Информатика 7-9 кл. А. Г. Кушниренко и др.&lt;/a&gt;. К сожалению не удалось найти что по этому поводу думают составители ЕГЭ, но похоже что их мнение тоже может не совпадать с ГОСТом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Раз уж не удалось найти рекомендации в авторитетных источниках, обратимся к словарям. Вот подборка статей про значение слова мегабайт:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ntes/2664/%D0%9C%D0%95%D0%93%D0%90%D0%91%D0%90%D0%99%D0%A2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Научно-технический энциклопедический словарь&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;МЕГАБАЙТ (обозначается &lt;strong&gt;Мб&lt;/strong&gt;), в вычислительной технике - единица объема информации, равная 1024 килобайт. Часто используется для выражения объема компьютерной памяти или запоминающего устройства. Иногда мегабайт округляют до 1 млн. БАЙТ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Яндекс.Словари › Издательский словарь. — 2003:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;МЕГАБАЙТ — единица емкости памяти или длины записи, равная 1024 килобайтам. Упрощенно под М. понимается также значение 103 килобайтов или 106 байтов. Сокращенная форма М. — Мбайт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_colier/6035&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Энциклопедия Кольера&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;КОМПЬЮТЕР устройство, выполняющее математические и логические операции над символами и другими формами информации и выдающее результаты в форме, воспринимаемой человеком или машиной.&#xA;  ОЗУ работают быстро: микропроцессор может получать доступ к ним за 10-20 нс. Обычные коммерческие модули ОЗУ хранят до 256 &lt;strong&gt;Мб&lt;/strong&gt; (1 Мб равен 1 048 576 байт).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/fin_enc/24944&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Финансовый словарь&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мегабайт&#xA;  Мегабайт - единица измерения объема передаваемой или хранимой информации. 1 Мбайт = 1024 Кбайт.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  По-английски: Megabyte&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Синонимы:  Мбайт, Мб&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Синонимы английские:  MB&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как видим сокращение &lt;strong&gt;Мб&lt;/strong&gt; используется чаще чем &lt;strong&gt;Мбайт&lt;/strong&gt; (а &lt;strong&gt;МБ&lt;/strong&gt; вообще не удалось встретить). Некоторые словари (в частности полиграфический) утверждают что мегабайт можно сократить до М, а килобайт до К (например &quot;объемом 64К&quot;). Так что единства нет и среди словарей, но вариант &lt;strong&gt;Мб&lt;/strong&gt; в технических словарях явно более предпочтительный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не знаю, можно ли считать его авторитетным источником, но &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com.ua/books?id=hpxWY6xL8pQC&amp;amp;pg=PA174&amp;amp;lpg=PA174&amp;amp;dq=%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82+%22%D0%9A%D0%B1%22+%22%D0%9C%D0%B1%22+%22%D0%93%D0%B1%22&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=ShoTw50f2Q&amp;amp;sig=0t3y8TlcKqTPoddM9Mw91TVx65Y&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=pKdSUoCLC4OC4gS_roHABg&amp;amp;ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;справочник В. П. Леонтьева (2004)&lt;/a&gt; автора многочисленных книг на компьютерную тематику также использует строчную &quot;б&quot; для байт:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EGXK9.png&quot; alt=&quot;Персональный компьютер. Карманный справочник.&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что же касается сокращения бит - все словари единодушны - &quot;бит&quot; не сокращается, а пишется целиком - Кбит, Мбит, Гбит. Так что несмотря на статью Лебедева, все авторитетные источники не позволяют сокращать бит до одной строчной &quot;б&quot;. Что же касается байт, то ГОСТ предписывает сокращать его до прописной Б (КБ, МБ, ГБ), а словари приводят то же сокращение со строчной б (Кб, Мб, Гб).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-10-07T12:57:49.763" LastActivityDate="2013-10-07T12:57:49.763" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2666" CreationDate="2013-10-06T08:31:27.773" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Когда речь идет о единицах, производных от байта, в пишут строчную букву б:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;5 Гб = 5 гигабайт&#xA;5 Мб = 5 мегабайт&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда речь идет о единицах, производных от бита, пишут &quot;бит&quot; полностью:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;5 Гбит = 5 гигабит&#xA;5 Мбит = 5 мегабит&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сами бит и байт пишут полностью:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;5 бит&#xA;5 байт&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Меня так в школе учили. Так что, в вашем примере всё написано правильно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-10-06T08:31:27.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2667" CreationDate="2013-10-06T13:23:35.327" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Preffered form is the cursive, as said Yellow Sky. But also one more thing is not use two or more forms of one letter in the same text. For example, if you started to use &quot;д&quot; as &quot;&lt;em&gt;д&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, do not use it as &quot;&lt;em&gt;g&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;д&quot; in the same text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2065" LastEditorUserId="2065" LastEditDate="2013-10-07T18:40:36.533" LastActivityDate="2013-10-07T18:40:36.533" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2674" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2678" CreationDate="2013-10-07T18:36:06.723" Score="8" ViewCount="5199" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вот одно из определений слова cheesy из &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=cheesy&quot;&gt;Urban Dictionary&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This is an important word and nobody has it right yet. What it means is: Trying too hard, unsubtle, and inauthentic. &#xA;  Specifically that which is unsubtle or inauthentic in its way of trying to elicit a certain response from a viewer, listener, audience, etc. Celine Dion is cheesy because her lyrics, timbre, key changes, and swelling orchestral accompaniment telegraph 'i want you to be moved' instead of moving you. Gold chains on an exposed hairy chest are cheesy because they shout out: &quot;I have money and I am manly&quot; instead of impressing a woman in a more subtle way, or allowing a woman to form her own judgments. The excessive showing off suggests he's compensating for what he does not have--i.e., he's actually poor, insecure, or short with an inferiority complex. Cliches are often cheesy because they are an obvious and artless way of making a point. A movie might be cheesy if it contains 'on the nose' dialogue, like &quot;I can't live without you&quot; or &quot;You had me at hello.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надеюсь, переводить не надо. Если надо, намекните, переведу :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли в русском языке эквивалентное прилагательное?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastActivityDate="2015-01-19T18:30:40.507" Title="Эквивалент английского cheesy?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2674" CreationDate="2013-10-07T19:32:12.410" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally it is &lt;em&gt;низкосортный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;безвкусный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;пошлый&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Попсовый&lt;/em&gt; might be the best equivalent, but it is highly colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like Quassnoi says in his comment, there may be better alternatives in certain contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2013-10-07T19:32:12.410" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2215" CreationDate="2013-10-08T00:38:18.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some nouns including vegetables and berries may be used to designate both specific objects (&lt;em&gt;у меня в сумке огурцы&lt;/em&gt;) and materials (&lt;em&gt;салат с огурцом&lt;/em&gt;). Material (mass) nouns are only used in singular form, except for special uses like &lt;em&gt;масла́&lt;/em&gt; ([kinds of] oils).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, strictly speaking, &lt;em&gt;салат с огурцами&lt;/em&gt; is incorrect. Colloquially, however, some mass nouns (only fruits and vegetables, it seems) are often used in plural form (&lt;em&gt;пирог с яблоками&lt;/em&gt;). Note that if whole apples are used, they must be plural (&lt;em&gt;утка с яблоками&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;em&gt;лук&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;капуста&lt;/em&gt; -- they are just never used in plural, even when one refers to a collection of vegetables.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now there are cases when some nouns act as normal and the others as mass (&lt;em&gt;ведро кабачков&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;ведро черники&lt;/em&gt;), and even more weird ones (&lt;em&gt;лежат арбузы / бананы&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;любишь арбуз / бананы&lt;/em&gt;). I believe you cannot come up with a rule for those so you need to learn it by heart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2013-10-08T00:38:18.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2674" CreationDate="2013-10-08T03:24:48.477" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it is &lt;em&gt;вульгарный&lt;/em&gt;, of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-10-08T03:24:48.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2674" CreationDate="2013-10-08T06:24:16.307" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Попсовый это очень хороший вариант он молодежный, сленговый, &quot;на слуху&quot;, может относиться и к кино, к книгам, живописи и т.п. Но мне кажется что в случае музыки это определение довольно расплывчато, т.к. обозначает собственно поп-музыку (не всегда с негативным отношением). Например песни Селин Дион придется назвать &quot;попсовыми в плохом смысле&quot;. Образ крутого мачо эксплуатируется в рэпе и R'n'B, поэтому назвать их попсовыми тоже &quot;не поднимается&quot; рука - придется уточнять что именно имидж попсовый, и тут опять нестыковка - попсовый имидж это скорее имидж поп-певца.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется что точного аналога в русском языке для всех приведенных случаев нет (вульгарный, пошлый и т.д. хороши, но тоже несленговые). Но если обратиться к альтернативным толкованиям слова cheesy, многие пишут о чрезмерной сентиментальности музыки, кино и т.п.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;В этом случае можно подобрать слова с гастрономическим оттенком (&lt;em&gt;слащавый, приторный&lt;/em&gt;, опять же &lt;em&gt;безвкусный&lt;/em&gt;). Еще одно слово, хорошо передающее идею форсированной сентиментальности - &lt;em&gt;слезоточивый&lt;/em&gt; (подчеркивает идею насильных слез).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если говорить о спорте или каких-то других победах то можно использовать выражение &lt;em&gt;&quot;с душком&quot;&lt;/em&gt; передав идею &quot;сырного запаха&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2013-10-08T06:24:16.307" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2215" CreationDate="2013-10-08T13:16:58.670" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Probably because you only add &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; лук (and it is often less than 1 луковица), so you usually count лук by mass (volume, rings, small pieces). And because of this лук, чеснок, капуста have special count words for them, while огурец doesn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More interesting is why редиска is a mass noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2013-10-08T13:16:58.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2680" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2681" CreationDate="2013-10-08T19:06:24.937" Score="11" ViewCount="276" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are платье (platie) and платок (platok) connected? Did платье initially mean a square piece of cloth?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that the both words ultimately derive from the same PIE root meaning &quot;flat&quot; (from which the English word &quot;flat&quot; also derives). But does it mean tha платье initially meant something similar to платок?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-10-08T21:20:10.427" Title="Are платье and платок connected? Did платье initially mean a square piece of cloth?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2680" CreationDate="2013-10-08T21:09:12.407" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Vasmer &lt;a href=&quot;http://fasmer-dictionary.info/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0/9959/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;shows&lt;/a&gt; it, both &lt;code&gt;платье&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;платок&lt;/code&gt;, and also &lt;code&gt;плата&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;платить&lt;/code&gt; derive from the word &lt;code&gt;плат&lt;/code&gt; which meant &amp;quot;a piece of textile, cloth&amp;quot; and which is connected with the words in different IE languages that mean &amp;quot;wide&amp;quot;, that was perhaps the original meaning of this root. The English &lt;code&gt;flat&lt;/code&gt; also derives from the same root, but with its meaning a bit changed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;плат&lt;/code&gt; gave such derivative words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;платок&lt;/code&gt; - a diminutive noun, &amp;quot;a small piece of cloth&amp;quot;;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;платье&lt;/code&gt; - a collective noun, &amp;quot;things made of cloth&amp;quot; (cf. the English &amp;quot;clothes&amp;quot;, &lt;code&gt;платье&lt;/code&gt; originally meant &amp;quot;clothes in general&amp;quot;, not just &amp;quot;a dress&amp;quot;, even now this word is sometimes used in its original wider sence, like in the phrase &amp;quot;Магазин готового платья&amp;quot;, which sells any kind of clothes, both male and female. So, the modern meaning &amp;quot;a dress&amp;quot; is just narrowing of its original wider meaning &amp;quot;clothes, clothes in general&amp;quot;);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;плата&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;платить&lt;/code&gt; - a piece of cloth was, probably, used as a means of payment, a currency unit, hence the meaning of these two words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-10-08T21:20:10.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2674" CreationDate="2013-10-09T12:00:23.710" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Показушный&quot; or &quot;нарочитый&quot; seems to me to be pretty close equivalents to meaning described in quoted entry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="235" LastActivityDate="2013-10-09T12:00:23.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2683" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2684" CreationDate="2013-10-09T16:45:04.613" Score="6" ViewCount="586" Body="&lt;p&gt;When to make the &quot;v&quot; / &quot;в&quot; or to make the &quot;g&quot; / &quot;г&quot; in place of &quot;г&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like the word &quot;его&quot; is said &quot;evo&quot;, but phonetically it's said &quot;ego&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cпасибо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2071" LastEditorUserId="1329" LastEditDate="2013-10-10T00:53:33.650" LastActivityDate="2013-10-10T08:14:46.247" Title="When to make the &quot;v&quot; / &quot;в&quot; or to make the &quot;g&quot; / &quot;г&quot; in place of &quot;г&quot;?" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2683" CreationDate="2013-10-09T17:58:27.103" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's very simple. If the pronoun, or an adjective, or an ordinal numeral is in the Genitive case, then their ending &lt;code&gt;-его&lt;/code&gt; is pronounced like -ih-vuh or -ih-VOH, and the ending -ого like -uh-vuh or -uh-VOH, depending on the accent stress in the word. The bold letters show the stressed vowels in Russian words, the capital letters show the stressed syllables in the English words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ег&lt;b&gt;о&lt;/b&gt; - pronounced &quot;yih-VOH&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;с&lt;b&gt;и&lt;/b&gt;него - &quot;SIH-nih-vuh&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;одног&lt;b&gt;о&lt;/b&gt; - ud-nuh-VOH&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;кр&lt;b&gt;а&lt;/b&gt;сного - KRUS-nuh-vuh&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all the rest of the cases &lt;code&gt;Г&lt;/code&gt; is pronounced like &lt;code&gt;G&lt;/code&gt; in &quot;great&quot; (but sometimes like &lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt;). To tell the truth, if you always pronounce &lt;code&gt;Г&lt;/code&gt; like &lt;code&gt;G&lt;/code&gt; in &quot;great&quot;, you will be well understood. But if you'd like to always pronounce everything correctly, you'll have to spend much time and effort to achieve that. I wish you good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-10-09T22:11:07.080" LastActivityDate="2013-10-09T22:11:07.080" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2634" CreationDate="2013-10-09T20:13:08.267" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;That is the reason why Russian has developed whole new &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animacy#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;anymacy category&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, there is SVO default for this case, but you will still be unsure, because Russian has free word order. And OVS is not an error. So, you better rely on context. And in case &lt;code&gt;Добро побеждает зло&lt;/code&gt; there is no doubt just because you knew who's the winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In real life Russians try to make it clear even from text, saying, for example: &lt;code&gt;Гугл покупает Моторолу&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;Google покупает Motorola&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2013-10-09T20:13:08.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2686" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2687" CreationDate="2013-10-10T06:55:15.483" Score="17" ViewCount="4963" Body="&lt;p&gt;Артемий Лебедев в своем &quot;ководстве&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.artlebedev.ru/kovodstvo/sections/138/&quot;&gt;пишет&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мужской род бедному напитку достался от устаревших форм «кофий» или «кофей».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У Корнея Чуковского в книге &quot;Живой как жизнь&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://book-online.com.ua/read.php?book=1581&amp;amp;page=7&quot;&gt;сказано&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Русский язык вообще тяготеет к склонению несклоняемых слов. Не потому ли, например, создалось слово кофий, что кофе никак не возможно склонять?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так все же - какая форма слова &quot;кофе&quot; от какой произошла? Они заимствованы независимо или &quot;кофий&quot; - это просторечное слово от &quot;кофе&quot;? Или сначала был все-таки &quot;кофий&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Чуковский для меня более авторитетный автор, но и у него встречаются устаревшие сведения о происхождении слов).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have read in different sources that &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;кофе&quot; is masculine because it was used as &quot;кофий&quot; in the past and the latter word has masculine ending.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;кофе&quot; is indeclinable and that's why the word &quot;кофий&quot; emerged.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, which word was the first to be borrowed? And which word was the initial one? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2016-06-22T06:59:19.900" Title="Кофий и кофе - что от чего произошло? Is the кофе derived from кофий or vice versa?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2686" CreationDate="2013-10-10T07:21:15.297" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Surprisingly, both forms have been introduced relatively at the same time.&#xA;This happens quite often with foreign words - different form coexist (especially in colloquial speech) for a quite a long time, till one of the forms is recognized de-facto as the only accepted one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's &lt;a href=&quot;http://ec-dejavu.ru/c-2/Coffee.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a quote&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Слово «кофе» фиксируется в русском языке с середины XVII века 29. В&#xA;  годы петровского правления словоформа «кофе» варьируется («кофий»,&#xA;  «кофей», «кохей», «кефа», «кофа», «кофь», «кафе») в возможном&#xA;  соответствии с аналогиями в западноевропейских и восточных языках&#xA;  (голландский koffie, арабский gahwa, немецкий Kaffee, итальянский&#xA;  cafe, польский kawa, турецкий kahve).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See, there's no such thing as a strict and well-established procedure for introducing new loanwords into the language. This is how it actually happens. Some merchants started to export coffee to Russia. Some of them keep business relations with, say, Netherlands. Some of them keep tights with, well, whatever, some other countries and regions. Those merchants - and first consumers of goods they sell - were early adopters of such new terminology. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-22T06:59:19.900" LastActivityDate="2016-06-22T06:59:19.900" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2683" CreationDate="2013-10-10T08:14:46.247" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; is pronounced instead of &lt;em&gt;г&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;его&lt;/em&gt; and connected words: full form adjectives, ordinal numerals and possessive pronouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Красивого&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Второго&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Моего&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Etymologically, the full form's endings (&lt;em&gt;красив / красивый, красива / красивая&lt;/em&gt;) are pronouns extinct by now in Russian but surviving in oblique cases of the words &lt;em&gt;он, она&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason for such pronunciation is the fall of &lt;em&gt;г&lt;/em&gt; during its transition from a fricative to a stop and introduction of epenthetic &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[krɐsʲivəvə] &amp;lt; [krɐsʲivə:] &amp;lt; [krɐsʲivəɤə]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Epenthetic  &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; is common for East Slavic languages: &lt;em&gt;Лявон &amp;lt; Leon (Belorussian), павук &amp;lt; &amp;ast;паѫкъ (Ukrainian); какава &amp;lt; cacao (Russian dialectal)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Words ending in &lt;em&gt;-го&lt;/em&gt; not etymologically connected to &lt;em&gt;его&lt;/em&gt; pronounce &lt;em&gt;г&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;индиго [ɪnʲdʲigə], фанданго [fɐndangə]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-10-10T08:14:46.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2689" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2690" CreationDate="2013-10-10T15:29:36.393" Score="6" ViewCount="318" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;em&gt;Planck&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Nietzsche&lt;/em&gt; are foreign names. Why does one say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я знаю Планка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;но&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я знаю Ницше&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a criterion to know when does a borrowed name should be declined? Is the &quot;-e&quot; ending that YellowSky mentions enough?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2013-10-10T16:04:25.053" LastActivityDate="2013-10-10T17:45:32.483" Title="Why does one decline Planck and not Nietzsche?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2689" CreationDate="2013-10-10T17:45:32.483" Score="9" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все прочие мужские фамилии, имеющие основы на согласные и нулевое окончание в именительном падеже, склоняются как существительные второго склонения мужского рода, т. е. имеют в творительном падеже окончание -ом, (-ем): Герценом, Левитаном, Гоголем, Врубелем, Хемингуэем, Гайдаем. Такие фамилии воспринимаются как «нерусские».&#xA;  &lt;br&gt;Соотносительные женские фамилии не склоняются: Наталии Александровны Герцен, Любови Дмитриевне Блок, с Анной Магдалиной Бах, с Надеждой Ивановной Забелой-Врубель, о Мэри Хемингуэй, о Зое Гайдай.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Фамилии, пишущиеся с е, э, и, ы, у, ю на конце, могут быть только несклоняемыми.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, Ницше doesn't decline because it ends with -е, and Планк is only declined if it's a male.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The complete declension rules for names are found here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/?rub=rubric_482&quot;&gt;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/?rub=rubric_482&lt;/a&gt; (in Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2013-10-10T17:45:32.483" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2674" CreationDate="2013-10-12T05:06:17.123" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Прямого аналога конечно же нет, но мне кажется что такое слово как &lt;code&gt;биспантовый&lt;/code&gt; (именно так биспантовый, хотя это в какой то мере образующее от беспонтовый) будет очень близко к 'сильным' вариантам cheesy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Биспантовая лирика Селин Дион...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Биспантовый мужик с золотой цепью на волосатой груди и дешевыми понтами:)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Забитые фразы биспантовы по своему определению...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Биспантовый фильм, с наматыванием соплей на кулак...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еще раз подчеркну, все фразы с этим словом очень эмоциональны с сугубо сленговые. А вот слово &lt;code&gt;cheesy&lt;/code&gt; можно встретить в окружениях более близких к обычному языку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1178" LastActivityDate="2013-10-12T05:06:17.123" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2693" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2616" CreationDate="2013-10-12T17:30:44.477" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yeah, quite easy. They cannot be both 'soft' and 'hard' depending on the vowel next to it. Example, take letter &lt;strong&gt;К&lt;/strong&gt;. It can be &lt;strong&gt;Ка&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;Кя&lt;/strong&gt; — different sound. Your hushers may be only one: &lt;strong&gt;Ж&lt;/strong&gt; is always 'hard', &lt;strong&gt;Ч, Ш, Щ&lt;/strong&gt; are anyway 'soft'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2073" LastActivityDate="2013-10-12T17:30:44.477" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2694" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-10-12T18:22:52.203" Score="12" ViewCount="4189" Body="&lt;p&gt;what is the difference between Доброе and Добрый? Both mean the same but when we say good morning we use the former instead of the latter ,  as per this site &lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/blday_greeting.shtml&quot;&gt;http://masterrussian.com/blday_greeting.shtml&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2077" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-10-12T19:19:32.893" LastActivityDate="2013-11-28T21:25:31.030" Title="Why &quot;доброе утро&quot; but &quot;добрый день&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;приветствия&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2695" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2694" CreationDate="2013-10-12T19:10:38.090" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, it is just a grammatical gender indication.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Доброе утро&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;доброе&quot; because &quot;утро&quot; is neuter in Russian.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Добрый день&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;добрый вечер&lt;/code&gt; contain &lt;code&gt;добрый&lt;/code&gt;  since both &quot;день&quot; and &quot;вечер&quot; are masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check out &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.study-languages-online.com/russian-gender.html&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; for further information. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, there's one subtle issue I want you to be warned about.&#xA;While it is grammatically valid to say &quot;добрая ночь&quot; (good night), nobody says this in Russian. The valid form is de-facto &lt;code&gt;доброй ночи&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;спокойной ночи&lt;/code&gt; and this, surprisingly, this is more about declension than about grammatical gender (but gender is important as well, has the noun been masculine, form &quot;доброго&quot; would be used). In this particular case, the adjective &quot;добрый&quot; is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitive_case&quot;&gt;genitive case&lt;/a&gt;, because &quot;доброй ночи&quot; is actually is a shortened form of &quot;[I wish you] a good night&quot;.  And in Russian verb &quot;wish&quot; in this case is governed by genitive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-10-13T07:13:39.810" LastActivityDate="2013-10-13T07:13:39.810" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2697" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2674" CreationDate="2013-10-12T22:20:06.360" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне потребовалось несколько лет в Америке чтобы понять, что это слово обозначает и как его использовать. Для меня это точно было понятием без аналога в русском языке. Чем больше я встречаю таких слов, тем лучше я понимаю особенности той и другой культуры.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Показушный&quot; и &quot;нарочитый&quot; describe something artificial, non-authentic, which is not the same as cheesiness. Someone or something can be genuinely cheesy. It certainly has to do with lack of taste, so &quot;безвкусный&quot; is somewhat close, but &quot;cheesy&quot; is some specific. It refers to a very particular kind of lack of taste, roughly --- overdoing something, and not to a lack of taste in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2080" LastActivityDate="2013-10-12T22:20:06.360" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2662" CreationDate="2013-10-12T22:41:17.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Even though &quot;молодец&quot; и &quot;умница&quot; are correct translations, I'd say that there are used much less commonly than &quot;Good job&quot; in America. After 8 years in the U.S. I'd say that &quot;Good job&quot; is used very often, all the time, and it seems to be true in different states. In particular, parents seem to be saying &quot;Good job&quot; to their children very often. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think it is that common to praise children in Russia, either for effort or for intelligence. In general, I'd say, it is much more in the Russian culture to criticize than to praise. Constant praise kind of feels cheesy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2080" LastActivityDate="2013-10-12T22:41:17.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="528" CreationDate="2013-10-14T14:58:34.260" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Deciding phonemes by minimal pairs is quite logical. In English for example, there are no minimal pairs between [h] and [ŋ]. Thus, they are the same phoneme. It makes no difference that any child can tell the difference, and no-one can see any the similarity between the two. &#xA;   Similarly, И and Ы are allophones of the same phoneme, even though all speakers of Russian are consciously aware of producing them separately.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2084" LastActivityDate="2013-10-14T14:58:34.260" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2702" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2703" CreationDate="2013-10-14T21:24:17.257" Score="9" ViewCount="792" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before I start, I want to point out that although I want to learn Russian, my current level is 0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recently saw the movie &quot;The Deer Hunter&quot; (Great movie). One of the characters is of russian ascendence, and in the beggining there is a wedding full of toasts, in them, they always say the same, which I could transcribe as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;наше здоровье&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess that здоровье is neutral gender so they use наше. My question is if this is what is actually used. Reading the russian wikipedia page for toast (тост), I've seen that they use the second plural person, either:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ваше здоровье&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;за ваше здоровье&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just want to ask, given the fact that they're all gramatically correct (if I'm wrong in this point tell me), which one is really used as a standard sentence, which one is the one people use without thinking...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If using any person is normally seen, then I guess dedicating it to only one person &quot;за твоë здоровье&quot; would be correct too, wouldn't it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2085" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T21:47:05.090" Title="What to say in a toast?" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2702" CreationDate="2013-10-14T21:45:05.087" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Before I start, I want to point out that although I want to learn Russian, my current level is 0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From your question, it seems your Russian is not at zero level :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I guess that здоровье is neutral gender so they use наше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;My question is if this is what is actually used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't know unless you could provide a link to the relevant part for us to hear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I just want to ask, given the fact that they're all gramatically[sic] correct (if I'm wrong in this point tell me),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, you're right, they're all grammatically correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;which one is really used as a standard sentence, which one is the one people use without thinking...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of the following are very common:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;За Вас! (За тебя!)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ваше здоровье! (Tвое здоровье!)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;За ваше здоровье! (За твое здоровье!) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't say that &lt;em&gt;(За) наше здоровье&lt;/em&gt; is very common, although can be perfectly valid in certain contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;if using any person is normally seen, then I guess dedicating it to only one person &quot;за твоë здоровье&quot; would be correct too, wouldn't it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct. Moreover, when, for example, toasting a friend, not only is &lt;em&gt;за твое здоровье&lt;/em&gt; correct &lt;strong&gt;too&lt;/strong&gt;, but using the plural or the honorary may sound a bit awkward unless used for humorous effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[Update:]&lt;/strong&gt; Indeed, you must have heard &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На здоровье! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a set phrase and you shouldn't dissect it into its constituents. This is a foreign cliche of how Russians toast. I have never heard anyone toast with this phrase, although I have been told by native speakers that this is indeed sometimes used. Comments under this answer do not agree. Therefore, because it is debatable, it's best to avoid using this phrase for toasting. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase has another meaning and is often used when saying &quot;you're welcome&quot; after being thanked for a meal/drink.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Спасибо за пирожки!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На здоровье!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="104" LastEditDate="2013-10-15T09:52:27.607" LastActivityDate="2013-10-15T09:52:27.607" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2424" CreationDate="2013-10-15T19:18:09.687" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Urban legend&lt;/em&gt; is a term of USA origin and obscure semantics. &lt;em&gt;Городская легенда&lt;/em&gt; is obviously a verbatim translation of it. It is very recent and not well-known. Before the term was introduced in Russian language, Russian urban legends had been called &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;миф&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;легенда&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or whatever -- without the need for 'urban' connotation. So you can readily go with these two (I'd prefer &lt;em&gt;миф&lt;/em&gt; for its supposedly fake nature). If you use &lt;em&gt;городская легенда&lt;/em&gt;, you have less chances to be understood correctly or you may sound &quot;westernized&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2013-10-15T19:24:17.517" LastActivityDate="2013-10-15T19:24:17.517" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="528" CreationDate="2013-10-16T00:19:06.877" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Put it crudely, tell &lt;code&gt;[u]&lt;/code&gt; as in the word &lt;code&gt;put&lt;/code&gt;, but make your lips as if you want to say &lt;code&gt;[i:]&lt;/code&gt; as in the word &lt;code&gt;deep&lt;/code&gt;. The difference between &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt; is in that &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt; is close &lt;strong&gt;central&lt;/strong&gt; unrounded vowel, but &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; is close &lt;strong&gt;front&lt;/strong&gt; unrounded vowel. Dorsum of tongue is raised not in the front but in the middle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastEditorUserId="1027" LastEditDate="2013-10-16T00:24:26.643" LastActivityDate="2013-10-16T00:24:26.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2702" CreationDate="2013-10-16T18:16:44.577" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;На здоровье!    used all the time when toasting. I just double checked with my Russian wife and her Russian girlfriend and they confirm it is not just Americans who use На здоровье!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;when saying &quot;you're welcome&quot; after being thanked for a meal/drink - Again from my experience in St Petersburg, most people say 'пожалуйста' for you're welcome, but it is possible to use 'На здоровье' (although I have not heard very often)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2093" LastActivityDate="2013-10-16T18:16:44.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2052" CreationDate="2013-10-16T18:33:56.140" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you can translate both of them as &quot;if it works, don't fix it.&quot;  Although, the more obvious one (лучшее - враг хорошего) is probably best seen as a justification for the first one rather than as its synonym.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2094" LastActivityDate="2013-10-16T18:33:56.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2708" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2710" CreationDate="2013-10-16T21:20:34.407" Score="15" ViewCount="3939" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's it, for example, is it acceptable to say Люблю тебя, or do you have to use я Люблю тебя. Or читал книгу instead of Я читал книгу?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2085" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-10-17T00:11:40.490" LastActivityDate="2017-01-25T07:59:36.320" Title="How acceptable is to omit pronouns in certain verb usages?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2708" CreationDate="2013-10-16T22:20:08.127" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Subject pronoun is not necessary, but it is implied by the verb's person (&lt;em&gt;люблю тебя&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;любим тебя&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You don't have to have an object, too (&lt;em&gt;Пока! Люблю!&lt;/em&gt; = Bye! Love you!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, there are impersonal sentences where you use &lt;em&gt;it&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;they&lt;/em&gt; in English but you don't use any subject in Russian (&lt;em&gt;it's getting dark&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;темнеет&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;they say you learn it&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;говорят, [что ты] учишь&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2013-10-17T00:16:36.167" LastActivityDate="2013-10-17T00:16:36.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2708" CreationDate="2013-10-17T00:01:59.770" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually you are asking about whether Russian is a pro-drop language. A pro-drop language, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-drop_language&quot;&gt;according to Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, is a language in which pronouns are usually omitted when they can be inferred. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, Spanish and Portuguese are classical examples of pro-drop languages. &quot;Te quiero&quot; (I love you) can be heard way more often than &quot;yo te quiero&quot; just because verbs are conjugates in Spanish, so that you in a moment recognize contextual pronoun. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now let's go back to Russian. The simplest valid answer we can give - Russian is partially pro-drop. The actual degree of this &quot;pro-dropness&quot; is an open issue and a &lt;a href=&quot;http://web.uconn.edu/snyder/papers/EB_WS_FASL.pdf&quot;&gt;subject to debates&lt;/a&gt;. Here's another relevant &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~muellerg/prodrop1.pdf&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There is disagreement as to whether Russian has pro-drop (alternatively, subject pronoun omission is treated as an instance of contextually licensed ellipsis).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For further information I'd recommend you to checkout the last link, but to sum it up: Russian is a pro-drop language, but less pro-drop that Japanese or Spanish. There are some reasons for this, one of most notable is lack of information we can get from verbs in past tence. [Он] читал / [я] читал / [ты] читал will be indistinguishable without context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-05T09:23:53.593" LastActivityDate="2015-12-05T09:23:53.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2708" CreationDate="2013-10-17T05:19:03.863" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. If you want just say &amp;quot;I love you&amp;quot;, you should use the pronoun &amp;quot;Я люблю тебя&amp;quot;. Omitting the pronoun here is marked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Люблю тебя&amp;quot; sounds as if the phrase was unfinished. It is ok to omit pronouns if&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is an answer to a question.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Ты кого любишь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Люблю тебя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Что ты делаешь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Чиню окно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Or if the sentence will be continued:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Люблю тебя за твою улыбку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Люблю тебя, красавица.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the last sentence has an overtone of being a joke or just telling something already well known to her, it is not suitable if you want to make a confession or just to say you love her for the first time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-01-25T07:59:36.320" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2712" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2713" CreationDate="2013-10-17T15:19:08.883" Score="5" ViewCount="344" Body="&lt;p&gt;Названия тональностей обычно пишутся раздельно. Например,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Симфония до минор Брамса&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А как писать, если тональность выступает в роли прилагательного?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Фамажорная гамма, фа-мажорная гамма, фа мажорная гамма?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;доминорная симфония Брамса, до-минорная симфония Брамса, до минорная симфония Брамса?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я понимаю, что звучит несколько нелитературно, но все же эти фразы употребляются, несмотря на очевидный вариант перефразировки:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;гамма фа мажор, симфония Брамса до минор.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Меня интересует, согласно каким рассуждениям/правилам нужно предпочесть одно из написаний.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-10-17T16:46:28.367" Title="Тональности в качестве прилагательных - слитно, раздельно или через дефис?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2712" CreationDate="2013-10-17T16:46:28.367" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;до-диез мажор&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  до-диез-мажорный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Русский орфографический словарь Российской академии наук.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Отв. ред. В. В. Лопатин.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;© Электронная версия, «ГРАМОТА.РУ», 2001–2007.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2013-10-17T16:46:28.367" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2714" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2603" CreationDate="2013-10-18T07:26:41.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also a word popular among students called &lt;strong&gt;вписка&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mostly it means to go somewhere for the night, and it just means stay for the night, but as it is popular among students, then it normally also means a small party, drinking and the sleepover itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is used in a sentence like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы едем на вписку (we are going on vpiska)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Впиши меня завтра к себе (can I sleep at your place tomorrow)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Маша устраивает вписку на выходных (Masha is inviting us for a sleepover)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user2101" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-10-18T08:19:15.397" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2715" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2716" CreationDate="2013-10-18T11:23:34.943" Score="5" ViewCount="443" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm having a hard time finding a good translation for some simple calls to action on a website that are all variants of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;do x to win&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;code&gt;do x&lt;/code&gt; can be one of a few different verbs but the &lt;code&gt;to win&lt;/code&gt; bit has me stumped. Someone has suggested I use &lt;code&gt;и побеждайте&lt;/code&gt; but that doesn't sound right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples of phrases are &quot;Guess the sound to win&quot; or &quot;Listen carefully to win&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2102" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-10-21T08:32:11.507" LastActivityDate="2013-11-15T12:39:01.247" Title="A good translation for 'do x to win'" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2715" CreationDate="2013-10-18T11:33:29.517" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Нажмите кнопку и выиграйте!&quot; is the most closest one. &#xA;First of all, it assumes that second action (win something) is imposed by a first action (do something). Second, it sound motivating. Third, it is shorter than &quot;чтобы победить, сделай то-то&quot; form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm much obliged to @YellowSky for pointing out that &quot;выиграйте&quot; is better than &quot;победите&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-10-18T15:46:19.027" LastActivityDate="2013-10-18T15:46:19.027" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2188" CreationDate="2013-10-18T18:34:54.120" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Сносок&quot; is the only correct genitive plural of &quot;сноска&quot;.  In case of doubt, check yourself against this online tool:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://morpher.ru/?s=%f1%ed%ee%f1%ea%e0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://morpher.ru/?s=%f1%ed%ee%f1%ea%e0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2013-10-18T18:34:54.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2718" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1924" CreationDate="2013-10-19T21:07:43.827" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%3a%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0-122&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;reverse Russian dictionary&lt;/a&gt;, there are no Russian verbs ending in &lt;em&gt;-оть&lt;/em&gt;, other than those listed in the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, the answer is no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, all Russian verbs ending in &lt;em&gt;-оть&lt;/em&gt; have been subject to the metathesis of the liquids, and there are no Russian verbs that inherited that ending (&lt;em&gt;оть/оти&lt;/em&gt;) from PS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2069" LastEditorUserId="2069" LastEditDate="2013-10-20T13:49:10.557" LastActivityDate="2013-10-20T13:49:10.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2722" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2728" CreationDate="2013-10-22T07:21:15.793" Score="12" ViewCount="4090" Body="&lt;p&gt;Впервые я встретил это выражение в сказке Шарля Перро &quot;Синяя Борода&quot;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он узнал братьев своей жены - один служил в драгунах, другой в конных егерях, - и тотчас навострил лыжи; но братья нагнали его, прежде чем он успел забежать за крыльцо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тогда это выражение показалось мне каким-то чуждым: дело происходит в доме, ни о каком снеге в сказке не упоминалось, да и деревянные лыжи не очень-то заостришь. Я подумал что это калька с французского. Но оказывается, что это выражение достаточно распространено и упоминается во многих фразеологических и толковых словарях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сейчас смысл выражения мне понятен - в словаре Ожегова, например, написано:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(разг.) приготовиться бежать, а также убежать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но почему &quot;вострить&quot;? Во всех примерах употребления слова &quot;вострить&quot; = &quot;острить&quot; лыжи упоминаются только в составе фразеологизма. Остальные же значения:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ОСТРИТЬ, -рю, -ришь; нсв. что. Нар.-разг.&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Делать острым; заострять. О. меч. О. топор. Кот острит когти.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Делать более восприимчивым. О. память. О. слух. * Нужда ум острит (Погов.).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ОСТРИТЬ, -рю, -ришь; нсв. Говорить остроты; шутить. Удачно, постоянно о. Любит о. кто-л.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему же острят, вострят лыжи? Их действительно острят (делают более острыми) или имеется в виду некое переносное значение как в выражении &quot;навострил уши&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The literal meaning of &quot;вострить лыжи&quot; is &quot;sharpen the skis&quot;. Though in all the dictionaries I have seen the word &quot;острить&quot; is never applied to skis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the usage of the word &quot;вострить&quot; here metaphorical, or skis can be sharpened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2019-01-05T06:41:23.470" Title="Почему говорят &quot;вострить лыжи&quot;? Why the &quot;skis&quot; are being &quot;sharpened&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2723" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2724" CreationDate="2013-10-22T09:44:28.953" Score="5" ViewCount="211" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why беСхвостый but беЗфюзеляжный? I thought it should be &quot;c&quot; in the latter case as well because the ф is voiceless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-10-22T10:50:19.347" Title="Why беСхвостый but беЗфюзеляжный?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2723" CreationDate="2013-10-22T10:50:19.347" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've never met this word in print, but I'm pretty sure it should be &lt;em&gt;бесфюзеляжный&lt;/em&gt;, similarly to &lt;em&gt;бесфамильный&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;бесформенный&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-10-22T10:50:19.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2725" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2726" CreationDate="2013-10-23T09:15:28.973" Score="2" ViewCount="1130" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for table or database or just a list of words with similar spelling on both languages, English and Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;stool = стул&#xA;carousel = карусель&#xA;apogee = апогей&#xA;cigarette = сигарета&#xA;scarf = шарф&#xA;soup = суп&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Including the words that comes to Russian from English, like molasses - меласса, черная патока. Or dramatic - драматический, pacifist - пацифист, segment - сегмент, datagram - дейтаграмма, mayor - мэр, buffet - буфет, chloroform - хлороформ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the way to speak English so that it is heard as a pure Russian. Native-speakers of both languages understand the same, crystal-cleanly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2117" LastEditorUserId="2117" LastEditDate="2013-10-23T12:38:59.357" LastActivityDate="2013-10-23T12:38:59.357" Title="Is there dictionary of words with similar spelling of English and Russian languages?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2725" CreationDate="2013-10-23T09:36:56.780" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I should say that all the words you call &quot;the words that come to Russian from English&quot; actually came to Russian from German and French, Latin, and Greek (excluding the IT term).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such dictionaries do exist, they are called &lt;code&gt;Словарь иностранных слов&lt;/code&gt;, like &lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru/~%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%20%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;, but usually they include not only the words that came from English, but from other languages, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-10-23T09:36:56.780" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2725" CreationDate="2013-10-23T09:37:31.567" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You might want to check a Russian loanword dictionary (&lt;em&gt;словарь иностранных слов&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the words in your example are borrowed by Russian and most probably represented there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note that some of your pairs are false friends: for instance &quot;stool&quot; is translated as &lt;em&gt;табурет&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;стул&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;chair&quot;); &quot;buffet&quot; is &lt;em&gt;шведский стол&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;фуршет&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;буфет&lt;/em&gt; is &quot;sideboard&quot; or &quot;bar&quot; or &quot;canteen&quot;) and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2013-10-23T09:37:31.567" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2722" CreationDate="2013-10-23T11:57:53.260" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Покопавшись в Национальном корпусе нашел множество примеров использования слов &quot;вострить&quot; и &quot;навострить&quot;, которые не приводятся в словарях. Некоторые из этих примеров существуют в единичном случае, некоторые (навострить глаза) встречались когда-то достаточно часто.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В буквальном смысле (наточить): вострить/навострить можно ножи, топоры, пики, штыки, мечи, зубные инструменты (стоматолога);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В переносном смысле - готовиться к нападению: вострить когти правосудия, вострить зубы на кого-то или что-то, вострить кулаки:&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он только и знает, что кулаки вострит на меня, да так на меня поглядывает, как словно ты на батраков, когда их таскать захочешь. [П. А. Плавильщиков. Бобыль (1790)]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Поднять торчком: навострить уши (о животных) и даже палец:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;― Вот, ― Петр Семенович многозначительно навострил палец, ― вот речь закоренелого представителя эпохи Кали-Юги! [Михаил Елизаров. Pasternak (2003)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Внимательно слушать/смотреть/чувствовать: навострить уши, глаза, сердце; навострить слух, зрение; навостренный взгляд. Даже человек в целом может быть навостренным:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дворовые, как люди более или менее навостренные, с вежливостью раскланивались с немкой и старались заискать в ее расположении. [Г.И. Успенский. Тише воды, ниже травы / Из цикла «Разоренье» (1870)]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Пойми ты: навострил он меня настолько, что поняла я, отчего он стал пить. [А. И. Левитов. Погибшее, но милое создание (1862)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;упражняться в разговорах - навострить язык:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А так как история моей женитьбы, мое бегство и болезнь не могли не навострить языков, то это меня раздражало. [П. И. Чайковский. Переписка с Н.Ф. фон-Мекк (1877)]   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Книжек начиталась, со студентами язык навострила, социалистку из себя кривляешь, ― берегись! [А. В. Амфитеатров. Марья Лусьева (1903)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ну и заключительный, самый общий смысл - подготовить:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;навостренную шуточку за пазухой приберегал&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  навострив свои бандуры, грянули «Интернационал»&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  начав со всхлипа, словно доскребаясь до нужного голоса, и, достав, навострив его, пустил тонкий и длинный, режущий по живому, жалобный и убийственный стон.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  навострила карандаш (приготовилась писать)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  навострив в бумагу карандаш (направив)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  с вечера навострили там сундук&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  навострили перья и штыки  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Встретилось несколько вариаций на тему &quot;собираться уходить&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хоть и навострил крылья в сторону, а чую, на мое гнездо вернется… [В. Я. Шишков. Угрюм-река. Ч. 1-4 (1913-1932)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...доказал отцам города, что просто обязан попасть в состав делегации чиновников, навостривших стопы в Швецию... [Несколько шагов от иглы до Воли (2003) // «Сельская новь», 2003.12.16] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что &quot;навострить&quot; в сочетании &quot;навострить лыжи&quot; скорее всего означает просто - подготовить к использованию. Что касается их парности и остроты носов - подавляющая часть примеров позволяет вострить что угодно вне зависимости от остроты и парности предметов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looks like in old times (19 century) the word &quot;вострить&quot;, &quot;навострить&quot; was used very often because there were a lot of weapons or other tools (e.g. for writing) that required sharpening before usage and so the word itself had in some phrases the meaning &quot;prepare something to be used&quot; (examples include fists, tongue, musical instrument, joke, trunk), so &quot;sharpening the skis&quot; was in fact just &quot;preparing the skis&quot; and not real &quot;sharpening&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-10-23T15:31:13.820" LastActivityDate="2013-10-23T15:31:13.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2730" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2733" CreationDate="2013-10-27T15:02:46.483" Score="4" ViewCount="1354" Body="&lt;p&gt;Читаю &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;курсив&lt;/a&gt; и не понимаю, это то самое или нет?&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Русское курсивное письмо&lt;/a&gt; противопоставляется &quot;русскому рукописному письму&quot;. Каким же письмом я всю жизнь писал? Может прописью? Но пропись для заглавных букв вроде. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Английский вроде однозначнее, там если handwriting значит &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursive&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;cursive&lt;/a&gt;. Но в статье нет ссылки на русскую википедию, что подтверждает моё мнение, что в русском языке нет чёткого слова, обозначающего данное понятие. Чему учат детей в первом классе на уроках &quot;Письма&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="423" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-10-27T19:19:45.167" LastActivityDate="2013-10-28T12:57:06.630" Title="Каким шрифтом пишут от руки (в противоположность типографскому письму)?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2732" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2735" CreationDate="2013-10-27T16:09:16.747" Score="7" ViewCount="2066" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the different between  присылать and послать? With examples&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2127" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-10-27T19:09:31.460" LastActivityDate="2013-11-03T11:02:41.527" Title="What is the different between &quot;присылать&quot; and &quot;посылать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2730" CreationDate="2013-10-27T16:24:56.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Писать от руки можно либо рукописным письмом (производной от скорописи), либо печатными буквами (имитирующими книжное написание).&#xA;&quot;Русское курсивное письмо&quot; не противопоставляется &quot;русскому рукописному письму&quot;, как минимум, в Wiki это одна и та же страница.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В английском существует точно такое же разделение и handwriting вовсе не значит cursive. (Для уточнения разницы погуглите обсуждения школьных реформ в духе &quot;Should we still use cursive handwriting?&quot;). При этом handwriting может использоваться в качестве синонима к слову cursive, как и написано в Wiki. То же самое в русском: можно сказать &quot;рукописный почерк / рукописная запись&quot;, подразумевая &quot;курсив&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В типографике русское понятие &quot;рукописный/каллиграфический&quot; соответствует английскому handwriting/script.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Детей учат писать печатными буквами в детском садике и рукописным письмом в первом классе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2125" LastActivityDate="2013-10-27T16:24:56.840" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2732" CreationDate="2013-10-27T16:54:23.837" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я думаю, что &lt;code&gt;письмо прислано&lt;/code&gt; означает то, что оно было отправлено и доставлено. &lt;code&gt;Письмо послано = письмо отправлено&lt;/code&gt;, но, может быть, ещё не дошло. &lt;code&gt;При-&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;до-&lt;/code&gt; means arrival. &lt;code&gt;По-&lt;/code&gt; as well as &lt;code&gt;от-&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;вы-&lt;/code&gt; means departure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="423" LastEditorUserId="222" LastEditDate="2013-10-29T19:37:07.543" LastActivityDate="2013-10-29T19:37:07.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2732" CreationDate="2013-10-27T19:07:13.340" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While those two verbs indeed are often translated in dictionaries without the same word, I do believe that question is valid and valuable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most cases, &lt;code&gt;прислать&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;послать&lt;/code&gt; are synonyms, yet there is a subtle, but crucial difference in usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Послать&lt;/code&gt;  is just &quot;send&quot; and &lt;code&gt;прислать&lt;/code&gt; is for action with implication that the message, the letter (or whatever has been send) is already received. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, one can say &quot;Я послал тебе письмо&quot; or &quot;он послал мне письмо, но оно не дошло, в инбоксе не вижу его&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, for example &quot;я прислал тебе письмо&quot; (without knowing whether the letter has been received) sounds a bit wrong for native speaker. On the other hand, if message has been received it is more correct to say &quot;Ты прислал мне письмо, я его видел&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though &quot;ты послал мне письмо&quot; (or &quot;отправил&quot;, which is, contrary to &lt;code&gt;прислал&lt;/code&gt; a full synonym to &quot;послал&quot;) wouldn't be considered as a rude offence or even noticed in most cases.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-10-28T15:11:45.390" LastActivityDate="2013-10-28T15:11:45.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2730" CreationDate="2013-10-27T19:35:45.550" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Тут смотрите какая штука, нужно чётко определиться с терминологией.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Шрифт&lt;/strong&gt; В самом широком смысле - графическое начертание букв. Чаще всего, когда мы говорим о шрифтах, мы имеем ввиду типографские шрифты, хотя и это словосочетание стремительно устаревает - нынешние компьютерные шрифты всё-таки - не набор типографских литер. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Рукописное письмо&lt;/strong&gt; В самом широком смысле - любая практика написания текстов не машинным способом. В чуть более узком смысле - некоторая устоявшаяся культурная традиция начертания букв носителями данного конкретного языка. То есть это некоторая общепринятая форма начертания, а, значит, мы можем говорить о том, что это шрифт, хотя исторически так вышло, что шрифтом это называть не принято. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Курсив&lt;/strong&gt; Вид начертания типографских шрифтов, возникший под влиянием, собственно, рукописных форм письма. Его основная характеристика (но не единственная! - см. &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;абзац&lt;/a&gt; про наклонный шрифт) - наклон. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Русское курсивное письмо&lt;/strong&gt; - наиболее распространённая форма русского рукописного письма &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; его типографского аналога (впрочем, на практике применяемого крайне редко). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-10-28T12:57:06.630" LastActivityDate="2013-10-28T12:57:06.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2737" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2739" CreationDate="2013-10-28T06:35:49.010" Score="7" ViewCount="257" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which case should be used after the preposition &quot;путем&quot; which means &quot;by means of&quot; ?&#xA;could you give couple of examples?&#xA;What is the exact meaning? What is the difference between путем and через?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2127" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-10-28T15:12:17.030" LastActivityDate="2013-10-28T15:12:17.030" Title="preposition &quot;путем&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2737" CreationDate="2013-10-28T11:25:44.430" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Путем&quot; isn't proposition, this adverb means: all right, sensibly.&#xA;Often say: &quot;Все путем&quot;, verbatim this means - all right.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ozhegov.slovaronline.com/%D0%9F/%D0%9F%D0%A3/28265-PUTEM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://ozhegov.slovaronline.com/%D0%9F/%D0%9F%D0%A3/28265-PUTEM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2130" LastActivityDate="2013-10-28T11:25:44.430" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2737" CreationDate="2013-10-28T12:04:36.733" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The preposition &lt;code&gt;путём&lt;/code&gt; needs Genitive case, and means &quot;with the help of&quot;, &quot;by the means of&quot;, and it is rather bookish. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы добьёмся решения этой проблемы &lt;strong&gt;путём референдума&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В этом случае открытый аукцион в электронной форме проводится &lt;strong&gt;путем повышения&lt;/strong&gt; цены контракта.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Физическая терморегуляция осуществляется &lt;strong&gt;путем изменений&lt;/strong&gt; отдачи тепла организмом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-10-28T12:04:36.733" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2740" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2732" CreationDate="2013-10-28T19:01:59.437" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Послал&lt;/code&gt; means sending was done, without mentioning if it was delivered to the addressee. &lt;code&gt;Прислал&lt;/code&gt; means it was sent and delivered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JTU6a.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-10-28T19:01:59.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2741" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1863" CreationDate="2013-10-29T14:44:08.300" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;к/ч consonant alteration is the result of &lt;strong&gt;Slavic first palatalization&lt;/strong&gt;. It happened because inherited velars *k and *g had no soft counterparts in Proto-Slavic, so they changed before front vowels *e/ē, *i/ī, and also before the palatal semivowel *j.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Researchers argue about dating of this process. Some believe it happened during VI-V centuries BC, and some postpone it to V—VI CE. I found no direct evidence, and I'm not a specialist in language or Slavic history, but it seems highly unlikely to me that this process had Uralic influence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find more on Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot;&gt;Первая палатализация&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_first_palatalization&quot;&gt;Slavic first palatalization&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2133" LastActivityDate="2013-10-29T14:44:08.300" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2742" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2744" CreationDate="2013-10-30T09:36:17.630" Score="14" ViewCount="1198" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the origin of the expression &lt;code&gt;Да будет свет! - сказал электрик и перерезал провода.&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="19" LastActivityDate="2014-02-26T21:24:49.043" Title="Origin of Да будет свет! - сказал электрик и перерезал провода" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2743" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2742" CreationDate="2013-10-30T10:24:27.047" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellerism&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellerism&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's based on the Charles Dickens idea of using clichéd sayings in unexpected ways.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1824" LastActivityDate="2013-10-30T10:24:27.047" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2742" CreationDate="2013-10-30T11:45:55.867" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think this phrase has &quot;origin&quot; (other than modern folklore - thanks to Yellow Sky for the remark). It seems to me that this phrase has a very simple structure and it could be invented many times by different persons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase begins with &quot;Да будет свет!&quot; (&quot;Let there be light!&quot;). Here we should note that &quot;свет&quot; is usually a synonym of &quot;электричество&quot;. &quot;У вас есть свет?&quot; is a very common phrase that means &quot;Is there an electricity in your house?&quot;. &quot;У нас нету света&quot; is used to describe power outage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, when someone sits without &quot;light&quot; for several hours waiting for an electrician that will fix it and finally turns the switch and the light is back - in many cases this biblical phrase comes to mind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next, an electrician himself may use this phrase in literal sense to emphasize his light-bringer mission. So, we got &quot;Да будет свет! - сказал электрик&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next stage - is adding counter-effect to the above phrase by changing &quot;light-bringer&quot; to &quot;light-destroyer&quot; - and here &quot;перерезал провод&quot; is added.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, all three stages are very basic (&quot;ассоциации первого уровня&quot;) and can be performed by any person with basic sense of humor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="1152" LastEditDate="2014-01-26T14:12:25.583" LastActivityDate="2014-01-26T14:12:25.583" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2742" CreationDate="2013-10-30T12:20:19.237" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I second the previous answers. The joke is build on replacing the subject of the Biblical phrase &quot;Let there be light&quot; to an unexpected person (possibly having to do something with light and electricity).&#xA;Given a great number of streetwise phrases starting with &lt;code&gt;Да будет свет!&lt;/code&gt;, it's nearly impossible to say which one appeared first and who was its author. If you can read in Russian, I'd recommend &lt;a href=&quot;http://livespeak.academic.ru/380/%D0%94%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82!&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt; with several examples.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2125" LastActivityDate="2013-10-30T12:20:19.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2722" CreationDate="2013-11-01T09:29:32.290" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Навострить лыжи&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Смысл выражения:&lt;/strong&gt; собирать уйти куда-нибудь, либо удалиться откуда-нибудь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Возникновение фразы:&lt;/strong&gt; каждый, кто хоть раз в жизни видел лыжи, наверняка помнит, что концы лыж заострены - это сделано для того, чтобы лыжи лучше рассекали снег и, следовательно, лучше скользили. В старину, когда массового производства лыж специализированными фирмами не было и в помине, люди изготавливали лыжи самостоятельно, и, разумеется, острили их концы.&#xA;Конечно же, перед тем как выйти на лыжную прогулку сначала нужно было наострить лыжи, иначе на них никуда не уедешь. Со временем словосочетание &quot;острить лыжи&quot;, имеющее вполне практический смысл, преобразовалось в словосочетание &quot;навострить лыжи&quot;, имеющее смысл переносный, и к самим лыжам вообще не имеющий никакого отношения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;источник&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://yznai-ka.ru/publ/quot_n_quot/navostrit_lyzhi/13-1-0-1692&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://yznai-ka.ru/publ/quot_n_quot/navostrit_lyzhi/13-1-0-1692&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2139" LastActivityDate="2013-11-01T09:29:32.290" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2722" CreationDate="2013-11-02T00:36:33.690" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вострить лыжи&quot;, как это не смешно, но идея с &quot;заточить носы (острия) лыж&quot; весьма распространена даже в России. Сам по себе, в отрыве от фразеологизма - факт имел место быть. Но на самом деле все намного проще. &#xA;Лыжи, для улучшения скольжения и ходкости необходимо СМАЗЫВАТЬ. Раньше это был жир (животный жир, по типу гусиного жира). РАНЬШЕ большинство лыж снизу обтягивались мехом, который повышал ходовые характеристики, но слипался от растаявшего и вновь замерзшего снега. Если же смазать мех жиром - он перестанет принимать влагу и смерзаться, образовывать ледяные наросты. А значит - лыжи будут лучше идти и РАЗРЕЗАТЬ снег. Лыжи помогают идти по снегу -&gt; помогают РАЗРЕЗАТЬ снег -&gt; лыжи РЕЖУТ снег -&gt; если их смазать то они будут лучше РЕЗАТЬ снег -&gt; лыжи ОСТРЯТ (устаревшая форма - ВОСТРЯТ) с помощью ЖИРА (лыжной смазки) -&gt; Подготовить (смазать) лыжи означает ЗАТОЧИТЬ(&quot;сделать острее&quot;, острить, вострить).&#xA;И никаких острых концов (которые делали СРАЗУ и ОДИН раз при изготовлении), ибо мне сложно представить лыжи в роли карандаша :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2144" LastActivityDate="2013-11-02T00:36:33.690" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2732" CreationDate="2013-11-02T01:15:10.323" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;ПРИ-слать - incoming, end of sending&#xA;ПО-слать  - outcoming, start of sending, motion&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ПРИ-слать (НАСТОЯЩЕЕ время)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Друг ПРИ-слал мне книгу. (Я держу её в руках; она на почте - скоро заберу; мне везет её курьер - скоро она будет у меня в руках). Действие законченно. &#xA;Друг ПО-слал мне книгу. (Только что отдал в службу доставки и позвонил мне сказать об этом; книга сейчас находится в пути; посылку потеряли и я ей не получу; посылка придет через неделю). Процесс отправки либо только что начался, либо продолжается. Но книга еще не достигла адресата.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ПО-слал и ПРИ-слал могут использоваться в ПРОШЕДШЕМ времени, и в БУДУЩЕМ времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этих случаях ПО-слал и ПРИ-слал используются в зависимости от желания говорящего сделать акцент на личности ОТ-правителя/ПО-лучателя/процесса.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Друг ПО-шлет(ПО-слал) мне книгу. ДРУГ -&gt; мне. Либо факт отправки либо движения(для прошлого времени)&#xA;Друг ПРИ-шлет(ПРИ-слал) мне книгу. МНЕ &amp;lt;- книгу. Я УЖЕ получил книгу либо я ПОЛУЧУ(точно, без сомнений) книгу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;НО:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Книгу мне ПО-слал(ПРИ-слал) Бог. Синонимы :). Тут значение имеет КНИГА, ЗНАЧИМОСТЬ и НАЛИЧИЕ оной. В подобном контексте любая фраза будет звучать созвучно библейской &quot;Знамение было послано Богом&quot;. Собственно, примерно такой подтекст и вкладывается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Книгу послал/прислал мне друг. Сам факт отправки/получения/процесса и т.д. не имеет НИКАКОГО значения. Главное &quot;КНИГА от друга&quot;, либо &quot;книга от ДРУГА&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иными словами - если вы хотите указать Факт наличия чего-то/кого-то и источник чего-то/кого-то - то ПРИ.&#xA;Если процесс отправки или же сам факт отправки чего-то/кого-то - то ПО.&#xA;Если же у вы УЖЕ получили чего-то/кого-то, но значение имеет на сам факт отправки а ПРЕДМЕТ и/или ИСТОЧНИК - то тут на ваш выбор. Особой разницы нет. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Точнее она есть - но её способны уловить ОЧЕНЬ немногие даже среди русскоговорящих. Очень многие оттенки слов, их порядок, интонация, контекст как правило понятны немногим носителям. И используются ТОЛЬКО при общение между способными понять и оценить вложенный смысл. Либо как шутка(точнее, как правило - ирония/насмешка) понятная ТОЛЬКО говорящему). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2144" LastActivityDate="2013-11-02T01:15:10.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2751" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-11-05T13:12:21.377" Score="4" ViewCount="364" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any fixed phrase for 'year-on-year' in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2154" LastActivityDate="2013-11-06T06:03:47.737" Title="How to say year-on-year in Russian?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2751" CreationDate="2013-11-05T13:34:11.340" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In news this phrase is usually sounds as &quot;По сравнению с аналогичным периодом предыдущего года&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мировые продажи корпорации Toyota Motor с января по сентябрь текущего года достигли 7,41 млн автомобилей. И хотя &lt;strong&gt;по сравнению с аналогичным периодом предыдущего года&lt;/strong&gt; это изменение незначительно — всего 0,1%, этого оказалось достаточно, чтобы Toyota сохранила мировое лидерство и оставила позади General Motors и Volkswagen. - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2330446&quot;&gt;kommersant.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the periods are equal to year, then you can use  &lt;code&gt;по сравнению с предыдущим годом&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в годовом исчислении&lt;/code&gt; (about interest rates).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other alternatives from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?CL=1&amp;amp;s=year-on-year&amp;amp;l1=1&quot;&gt;multitran.ru&lt;/a&gt; include &lt;code&gt;годичный&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в течение года&lt;/code&gt; or even &lt;code&gt;год к году&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to pick the right translation you should look at the context where year-on-year is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-11-05T13:49:42.480" LastActivityDate="2013-11-05T13:49:42.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2753" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2756" CreationDate="2013-11-06T05:32:08.723" Score="3" ViewCount="13854" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему популярный рецепт торта и конфет называется «Птичье молоко»? Как это связано с пернатыми? Насколько мне известно, не существует млекопитающих птиц, а значит название вымышленное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastActivityDate="2013-11-06T08:41:06.697" Title="Название «Птичье молоко» для конфет и тортов" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2753" CreationDate="2013-11-06T05:57:19.877" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;На самом деле некоторые птицы (голуби, фламинго, некоторые виды пингвинов) &lt;a href=&quot;http://otvet.mail.ru/question/31551190&quot;&gt;выделяют&lt;/a&gt; в своём зобу питательную жидкость, которой кормят птенцов, она называется &quot;голубиное молоко&quot; и напоминает жидкий творог.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Название же этих конфет &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptasie_mleczko&quot;&gt;возникло&lt;/a&gt; в Польше, где компания &quot;E. Wedel&quot; начала их производить с 1936 года под названием &quot;Ptasie mleczko&quot; («Птичье молоко»). Название значит &quot;то, что достать невозможно&quot;, является идиомой и имеет аналоги в других языках. В СССР эти конфеты начали производить с 1967 года.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-11-06T05:57:19.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2753" CreationDate="2013-11-06T08:41:06.697" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если говорить об этимологии, то существуют версии что выражение &quot;Птичье молоко&quot; заимствовано из древнегреческих источников:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как поговорка, означающая нечто редкое и драгоценное, оно приводится Аристофаном, Афенеем, Страбоном, Лукианом и др. По словам Стробона, поэты, прославлявшие плодородие острова Самоса, говорили, что на нем есть, по пословице, даже и &quot;птичье молоко&quot; (И.Е. Тимошенко. Литературные источники трехсот русских пословиц и поговорок. – Киев, 1897, с. 52-53).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это выражение обозначает &quot;нечто неслыханное&quot;, &quot;невозможное&quot;, &quot;предел, вершина всех желаний&quot; и входит в такие пословицы как: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все есть у богатого, опричь птичьего молока&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В Москве все найдешь, кроме птичьего молока&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Встречается это выражение и в литературе:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня в Москве целая усадьба на Полявине была, и дом каменный, и сад, и заведения всякие, ягоды, фрукты — все свое. Только птичьего молока не было.&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Салтыков. Пошехонская старина.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я ведь ей не перечу ни в чем, птичья молока пожелает, и молока птичья достану, птицу такую сам сделаю, коли нет такой птицы!&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Достоевский. Хозяйка.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Интересно что есть еще и торт &quot;Птичье молоко&quot;, рецепт которого был создан в московском ресторане &quot;Прага&quot; под руководством Владимира Гуральника. Ресторан выпускал их по 600 штук в день. &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%8C%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE_%28%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%29&quot;&gt;Википедия пишет&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Этого москвичам и гостям столицы катастрофически не хватало: в 80-е за тортом выстраивались такие очереди, что их приходилось разворачивать, чтобы люди не перекрывали движение между проспектом Калинина (ныне Новый Арбат) и Арбатом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Считается что название этого торта возникло из-за того что его было очень трудно &quot;достать&quot; (вначале он назывался «&lt;a href=&quot;http://supercook.ru/za-24-02.html&quot;&gt;суфлейным тортом&lt;/a&gt;»).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2013-11-06T08:41:06.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2757" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2777" CreationDate="2013-11-07T15:58:09.527" Score="11" ViewCount="1592" Body="&lt;p&gt;OK, this question has been asked many-many times on the internet, and yet I can't google any reliable and constructive answer with a bit of documented proof.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How come the meaning of this phrase - &quot;души в ком-то не чаять&quot; - is &quot;to love somebody very much&quot;? Душа (soul) is associated with emotions, with high morality, with religion, with eternity, with the essence of a person, anyway, it has positive meaning. Бездушный is a very negative characteristics meaning that the person has no mercy and is soulless...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Everybody explains this phraseme word-by-word, saying that this was a result of either replacement of the word &quot;чуять&quot; by the word &quot;чаять&quot;, or their blend. Hmm. Possible, but yet not documented. They just give links to Dal's definition of single words from it, and this is not enough for me to believe in the whole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A very interesting point was given by Anonymous in this link :&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rousseau.livejournal.com/83281.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://rousseau.livejournal.com/83281.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the person giving this opinion (about slavic roots of the phrase, meaning it all comes from pagan notions) didn't seem to be even able to construct sentences properly in Russian. This made me doubt very much that his idea could be true.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe you could give me a different explanation or at least document some of the ideas listed above?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T10:01:26.417" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T10:01:26.417" Title="Why does the phraseme &quot;души не чаять&quot; have positive meaning?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2758" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2757" CreationDate="2013-11-07T16:16:48.487" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think, the hidden meaning is &quot;to love somebody without taking into account their genuine soul&quot; (which might be not so awesome as the loving person thinks). It's &quot;добровольное самообольщение&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And - the meaning is not unconditionally positive, it's a little bit ironic. Self-possessed people normally don't &quot;души не чают&quot; (oh, double negation!).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2106" LastEditorUserId="2106" LastEditDate="2013-11-07T17:21:05.423" LastActivityDate="2013-11-07T17:21:05.423" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2757" CreationDate="2013-11-07T17:00:00.880" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;This answer was about my personal feelings and thoughts about the phraseme. In my new answer (not this one) I have posted many links to other sources that basically support my point of view. Still I think that this answer is still useful because of examples of how &quot;soul&quot; is used in russian and how the phraseme itself is used in literature.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually when the saying contains &quot;soul&quot; it is the speaker's soul that is talked about:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;душа не принимает; душа не лежит (к кому-чему); душа болит; за милую душу; душа ушла в пятки; сколько душе угодно (вдоволь, без всяких ограничений)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I think that someone &quot;души не чает в ком-то&quot; it is about his/her soul and not about this other person. (Actually though I never tried before to deconstruct the saying I always felt that soul here belongs to this first person.) So the saying may be rewritten as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Евгений (своей) души не чаял в Татьяне&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if we replace &quot;чаять&quot; to &quot;чуять&quot; (чувствовать) which sounds like a reasonable version, we will have:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Евгений (своей) души не чуял в Татьяне&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, take into account that душа according to Ushakov's dictionary except for religious meaning also means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ДУША́ &#xA;  2. В старой психологии - совокупность психических явлений, переживаний, основа психической жизни человека.&#xA;  3. Внутренний, психический мир человека.&#xA;  4. Свойство характера, основные черты личности, а также человек с теми или иными свойствами. Человек с открытой душой. Низкая душа. Робкая душа.&#xA;  5. Чувство, отзывчивость, пыл.&#xA;  8. Человек (разг.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which to my mind can be &quot;translated&quot; as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Евгений забывал о себе от любви к Татьяне&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;also compare other sayings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Евгений без ума от Татьяны&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Евгений влюбился в Татьяну до потери сознания&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Евгений влюбился в Татьяну до потери пульса&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Евгений самозабвенно любил Татьяну&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Евгений любил Татьяну до самозабвения&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some more thoughts.&#xA;I'm tryint to understand what can &quot;не чуя души&quot; mean. I recall the phrase &quot;не чуя ног&quot;. It is used in two meanings - positive and negative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Бежать не чуя ног - run wery quickly (as flying on wings) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Идти не чуя ног (от радости) - be so happy that feel like flying   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;(прийти домой) не чуя ног от усталости - barely moving feet because of being tired&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see - you can lose control over your legs because they refuse to function properly, or because without control they work more efficient (like when dancing, fighting or running when body better controls its movements itself than when you try to control movements using your mind or consciousness).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &quot;не чуять души&quot; can also mean - (in negative meaning) to lose the control over your mind or to lose consiousness because of exhaustion, or to lose (logic?) control over your mind because your soul (sences, emotions, feelings) performs better using it's intuition without logic explanation of all the &quot;hows&quot; and &quot;whys&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another question is: why &quot;не чаять души &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; ком-то&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe this other person is also thought as &quot;another soul&quot; (compare &quot;подушный налог&quot; = per-soul fee, поместье и 1000 душ (=крестьян),  на улице ни души (there is nobody in the street), etc.). In this case we can recall the &quot;жить душа в душу&quot; phrase, which means &quot;in harmony, understanding each other without words).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, maybe joining these two ideas we can interpret the original saying as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Eugene understands all the needs and feelings of Tatyana intuitively - directly by his soul (feelings, emotions) without applying mental (logical) efforts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is like partial meaning of &quot;жить душа в душу&quot;. The latter saying implies that both persons love each other, while &quot;души не чаять&quot; is telling about only one person of two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another aspect of this saying can be seen using the reference formula: &quot;Татьяна, душенька моя, принеси книгу из библиотеки&quot;. Here a person says literaly &quot;Tatiana, you are my soul&quot;. Using this idea we can treat the original phrase as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Eugene's feelings are only about Tatiana, his mind is filled only with the thoughts about her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other explanation of &quot;в&quot; is comparison with saying &quot;видеть смысл жизни в чем-то или ком-то&quot; (To see the sence of the life in something or someone): &quot;Евгений видит смысл своей жизни в любви к Татьяне&quot;.  In this interpretation we don't even need чает-чует replacement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Евгений не чает&lt;/strong&gt; (желает) своей &lt;strong&gt;души&lt;/strong&gt; (жизни без Татьяны), потому что он видит смысл своей жизни &lt;strong&gt;в Татьяне&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or, using чает-чует replacement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Евгений не чует&lt;/strong&gt; (осознанно контролирует чувства) своей &lt;strong&gt;души&lt;/strong&gt;, потому что он видит смысл своей жизни &lt;strong&gt;в Татьяне&lt;/strong&gt; (все его чувства направлены к ней).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though all the examples above are about man and woman, in fact the &quot;души не чаять&quot; is not about romantic love. There are a numerous examples about relations between (grand)children and (grand)parants, teachers and pupils, peasants and landlords, etc.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Был у нас коновод по таланту, в котором Павел Петрович души не чаял. [К.С. Петров-Водкин. Моя повесть. Часть 2. Пространство Эвклида (1932)] &lt;strong&gt;(очень ценит работника)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот, думал я, дядя Платон Маркович… до семидесяти лет прожил он рыцарем чести; доброты он необычайной, крестьяне в нем души не чают. [А. Н. Апухтин. Дневник Павлика Дольского (1891)]  &lt;strong&gt;(любят своего барина)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Арина Тимофеевна души не чаяла в своей воспитаннице и сопровождала ее на прогулку и к подругам-соседкам. [Н.Э. Гейнце. Коронованный рыцарь (1898)] &lt;strong&gt;(любит воспитанницу)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Есть разные любители живописи, и многие в этих артистических до манерности мазках души не чают… [И. Е. Репин. Далекое близкое (1912-1917)] &lt;strong&gt;(любят искусство)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А Пантелей Прокофьевич, души не чаявший во внуках, вскочил из-за стола и, прослезившись, не вытирая струившихся по бороде слез, радостно закричал: [М. А. Шолохов. Тихий Дон. Книга четвёртая (1928-1940)] &lt;strong&gt;(любит внуков)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Любили они с Василием Ивановичем друг друга умною, серьезною любовью; в детях, которых у них было мал мала меньше целых пятеро, души не чаяли. [М.Ф. Каменская. Воспоминания (1894)] &#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;(любят детей)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Возле госпиталя на горе толстый и багровощекий английский шеф-повар Джек пас на поводке старого помойного кота, в котором он души не чаял. [Юрий Герман. Дорогой мой человек (1961)]  &lt;strong&gt;(любит животное)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Взводный души не чаял в этих двух алтайцах-кумовьях, которые родились, жили и работали в самой красивой на свете, по их заверению, алтайской деревне Ключи. [Виктор Астафьев. Пастух и пастушка. Современная пастораль (1967-1989)]  &lt;strong&gt;(ценит солдат)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Его знал весь гарнизон, и весь гарнизон в нем души не чаял за вечные приколы и прорывающуюся порой доброту в предоставлении тихой гавани лазарета для приятеля, у которого в роте настали черные дни и которому надо отсидеться, переждать, пока все затихнет. [Александр Терехов. Мемуары срочной службы (1991)] &lt;strong&gt;(ценят сослуживца)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-11-15T11:40:05.047" LastActivityDate="2013-11-15T11:40:05.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="595" CreationDate="2013-11-07T20:02:43.127" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;basic&lt;/strong&gt; forms of right and left are, respectively &lt;em&gt;право&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;лево&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What apparently confused you are the preposition forms, &lt;em&gt;с&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; and, &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; which mean &quot;to,&quot; &quot;in,&quot; and &quot;on&quot; respectively, and are connected to  &lt;em&gt;право&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;лево&lt;/em&gt;. That is, the prepositions are connected to the directions in Russian, while they are separated in English. With the connected prepositions, the respective forms are &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;left   right     meaning&#xA;сле́ва  спра́ва    to the left/right&#xA;вле́во  впра́во    in the left/right&#xA;налево направо   on the left/right&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastEditorUserId="109" LastEditDate="2013-11-08T01:01:15.240" LastActivityDate="2013-11-08T01:01:15.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2762" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-11-09T05:47:51.207" Score="3" ViewCount="279" Body="&lt;p&gt;ц is an always-hard consonant. Yet in some cases it is followed by и while in other cases - with ы. Consider цыган vs Ельцин vs. Курицын. What are the general rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-11-09T08:23:40.400" Title="What are the rules for writing ци or цы in Russian?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2762" CreationDate="2013-11-09T06:26:34.507" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dictionary.liferus.ru/dictionary_3.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The rule&lt;/a&gt; is rather simple. In the root of a word, usually &lt;code&gt;ци&lt;/code&gt; is written, &lt;code&gt;цы&lt;/code&gt; is written only in the following words and in all their derivatives:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;цыган, цыпленок, цыпочки, цыц&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which can be easily remembered with the help of this mnemonic sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Цыган на цыпочках цыкнул цыплёнку: &quot;Цыц!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the suffixes and endings, &lt;code&gt;цы&lt;/code&gt; can appear when the suffix &lt;code&gt;-ын&lt;/code&gt; and the adjectival ending &lt;code&gt;-ый&lt;/code&gt; are added after &lt;code&gt;ц&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Синицын, Курицына&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;куцый, бледнолицый&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And also &lt;code&gt;цы&lt;/code&gt; appears when the ending &lt;code&gt;-и / -ы&lt;/code&gt; is added after the words with stems ending in &lt;code&gt;-ц&lt;/code&gt; (after &lt;code&gt;-ц&lt;/code&gt; which is always 'hard', non-palatalized, it is always &lt;code&gt;-ы&lt;/code&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Молодцы, красавцы, отцы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note 1:&lt;/strong&gt; There are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search_answer/?s=%C5%EB%FC%F6%E8%ED&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;no specific rules that apply to surnames&lt;/a&gt;, each surname must be written exactly as it is written in the person's passport. That is why the surname &lt;code&gt;Ельцин&lt;/code&gt; is written with &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;, one more famous idiosyncratic surname is &lt;code&gt;Вицин&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note 2:&lt;/strong&gt; In the texts printed in the first half of the 20th century and earlier, &lt;code&gt;цы&lt;/code&gt; can appear in other roots, too: &lt;code&gt;цыгарка&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;цымбалы&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;цыбуля&lt;/code&gt;, etc., but that is obsolete spelling, these words are written with &lt;code&gt;ци&lt;/code&gt; now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-11-09T08:23:40.400" LastActivityDate="2013-11-09T08:23:40.400" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2766" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-11-11T22:12:59.207" Score="3" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;p&gt;I sometimes consult the site Советская Россия - Свод персоналий at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.proza.ru/avtor/igorjan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.proza.ru/avtor/igorjan&lt;/a&gt;.  But I cannot find персоналия in any dictionary.  What is its exact meaning?  Is it an equivalent of 'persons' or 'personnel', or more like 'personalities' in English? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2164" LastActivityDate="2013-11-12T08:26:50.370" Title="Exact meaning of персоналия" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2766" CreationDate="2013-11-12T00:55:44.283" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is &lt;em&gt;person/personality bio/info&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;) but often it is incorrectly used for &lt;em&gt;person&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wikireality.ru/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikireality&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2013-11-12T00:55:44.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2766" CreationDate="2013-11-12T06:13:02.780" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word of &lt;em&gt;персоналия&lt;/em&gt; isn't used in single form, only in plural as &lt;em&gt;персоналии&lt;/em&gt;. The single form is &lt;em&gt;персона&lt;/em&gt;. Yes, it is a person in context of its biography descrption.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2166" LastActivityDate="2013-11-12T06:13:02.780" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2766" CreationDate="2013-11-12T08:26:50.370" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;персоналия&lt;/strong&gt; means collection of information about a person:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ПЕРСОНА́ЛИЯ -и; ж. [от лат. personalis - личный]. Материалы (литература, фотографии, документы и т.п.), посвящённые жизни какого-л. известного человека. &lt;em&gt;[Большой толковый словарь русского языка]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Персона́лия. Ж. Раздел в энциклопедии, статья в юбилейном сборнике и т.п., содержащие библиографические данные о ком-либо (обычно ученом, писателе, политическом деятеле и т.п.).&#xA;&lt;em&gt;[Толковый словарь Ефремовой]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is borrowed from Latin, where &lt;em&gt;personalia&lt;/em&gt; is neuter plural of &lt;em&gt;persōnālis&lt;/em&gt; - personal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is funny that in Russian the word &lt;em&gt;персоналия&lt;/em&gt; is singular and can form a plural itself - &lt;em&gt;персоналии&lt;/em&gt;, which means &amp;quot;collection of personalia&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word персоналия is not a synonym for a персона or персонал. In fact the word &lt;em&gt;personalia&lt;/em&gt; is also present in English, where it means &amp;quot;personal belongings&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;biographical data, personal reminiscences, or the like&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-11-12T08:26:50.370" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2770" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2772" CreationDate="2013-11-12T15:12:10.993" Score="21" ViewCount="17500" Body="&lt;p&gt;I really hope this question doesn't get deleted or flagged, so to make sure it doesn't I will try to keep it as academic as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am currently an American student studying in Saint Petersburg and several times I have been shocked by the use of the &quot;N-Word,&quot; (it's a racist word for Black people in case there is any ambiguity).  In my college classes, my professors, when speaking about Black people, will use it in place of the word &quot;black.&quot;  Needless to say, as an American where if a professor said this word, they would be fired immediately, my heart stops every time I hear it and I just can't seem to understand why it is ok here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question:  Is the origin of the word in Russia such that it really isn't as offensive as it is in America?  Or is it because Russia is less than 0.01% black that nobody has made a big deal about it?  I am genuinely interested to know.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1824" LastActivityDate="2016-09-20T16:48:56.153" Title="Racist language in Russia/USA" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2770" CreationDate="2013-11-12T15:41:04.637" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a subtle difference in pronunciation between the English N-word and the Russian word &quot;негр&quot;. The latter is equivalent to &quot;black&quot; or &quot;negro&quot;, and is not a slur, in and of itself. However, it is not clear whether what you have heard was &quot;негр&quot; or the N-word.  The N-word is known in Russia, and it is understood to be a slur. Furthermore, the word &quot;негр&quot; may also be used in a derogatory sense, depending on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you can read Russian, &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80&quot;&gt;this wiki article&lt;/a&gt; may be helpful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2013-11-12T15:41:04.637" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2770" CreationDate="2013-11-12T15:42:45.763" Score="43" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no reason to worry that this question would be closed - it is indeed a very good question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word &lt;em&gt;Негр&lt;/em&gt; is not considered racist in Russia or Russian language.  Do note that the scientific name for the race is &lt;em&gt;Negroid&lt;/em&gt; - hence the word to describe an individual representative of that race.  This word is different in pronunciation from the N-word in America that you're referring to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally have studied and lived in the USA for over 10 years and do understand your sentiments very well.  However the reason the N-word is considered racist is historical rather than linguistic.  In the USA, the racism of the word has origins in the black slave trade of 18-19th centuries, where word &lt;em&gt;negro&lt;/em&gt; was pretty much equated to the word &quot;slave&quot;.  The N-word is simply a derogative derivative of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because in Russia historically the black population has always been extremely small and Russia never really experienced the black slave trade anywhere near the level of the USA, there was no reason for the word to gain a negative connotation. Hence, again, In Russian the word is not racist and is not considered derogatory in any way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some contexts, naturally, word &lt;em&gt;негр&lt;/em&gt; may be used as a derogative, but that would be a minority case.  There is also a rather rude version &lt;em&gt;ниггер&lt;/em&gt;, recently borrowed from English, which corresponds directly to the N-word you are referring to - and this word &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; racist and derogative and would not be used in normal conversations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-08-26T18:53:21.453" LastActivityDate="2014-08-26T18:53:21.453" CommentCount="18" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2770" CreationDate="2013-11-13T14:33:47.357" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian &quot;чёрные&quot; (&quot;blacks&quot;) is a racist slur for Caucasians. It is not associated with people of African descent at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Чёрные люди&quot; (&quot;black people&quot;) sounds not connected to race at all, it looks as if you were speaking about their soul being &quot;black&quot; and evil and the persons were immoral, so it is derogatory but not racist. In an archaic meaning it may mean servants who do the &quot;black work&quot;, i.e. dirty work. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also can mean optically black-colored people but not in racial sense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some black-colored aliens or people who contracted some fantastic desease which makes people black&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;People appearing black due to the position of light source, sihluettes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;People painted black for some reason&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;People wearing totlly black clothing, including black helm, like Darth Vader. Wearing a Batman costume would not qualify due to non-black face!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thoughts about black race just excluded so you cannot use it for race. Confusingly, &quot;black people&quot; would more likely mean black-skinned aliens than people of African descent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you use just &quot;чёрные&quot;, this is very much derogatory and racist, although implies the people are Caucasians rather than blacks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="4753" LastEditDate="2016-09-20T16:48:56.153" LastActivityDate="2016-09-20T16:48:56.153" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2775" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-11-13T19:31:37.900" Score="8" ViewCount="1800" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most of sources I encountered (Vasmer, Mellory-Adams etc) assert the Russian word &quot;voda&quot; &quot;вода&quot; originates from the same PIE root as English word &quot;water&quot;, i.e. from the PIE form &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;u̯odr&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. This is allegedly supported by adjective &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;водный&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which indicates that the PIE word had the r/n stem (-r in Nominative and -n in other cases, this is common for very archaic stems in PIE).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But recently I encountered with a person who seems to be very much confident that the word is a borrowing from proto-Germanic wađan (which gave also the English &quot;wade&quot;). He cites Winter's law and claims that the idea that voda is related to water is outdated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So who is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-09-18T14:49:07.967" Title="Origin of the Russian word for water &quot;voda&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2775" CreationDate="2013-11-13T20:17:19.863" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are so many evidences of that Russian &quot;вода&quot; and English &quot;water&quot; are produced from u̯odr/wódr̥ that it will be very strange if the person you've encountered is right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, Proto-Slavic &quot;voda&quot; is at least as old a root as the one that forms wađan.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Second, the number of parallels with other PIE languages are striking - even with those of such languages that diverged from PIE trunk independently from Germanic languages. I'm speaking not only about the fact that all these derived words relate to water in wide context, I'm speaking about the fact that the history of phonetical evolutions of these words conforms with everything we know about PIE phonetic events at all (Armenian &quot;գետ&quot; (get) for river, Lithuanian &quot;vanduo&quot; for water, Hittite &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%89%BF%F0%92%80%80%F0%92%8B%BB#Hittite&quot;&gt;wa-a-tar&lt;/a&gt; for &quot;water&quot;, Tocharian &quot;war&quot; for water and so on).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Third, in all Germanic languages water is some variation of &quot;water&quot; actually. &#xA;It would be kinda strange if Germanic and Slavic word used for designating exactly the same and sounding exactly the same wouldn't be related (though in history of languages such things happen, this is not the case).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS&#xA;I'm starting to think that questions of the type are more welcome on &lt;a href=&quot;http://linguistics.stackexchange.com&quot;&gt;linguistics SE&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-11-13T22:13:07.903" LastActivityDate="2013-11-13T22:13:07.903" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2757" CreationDate="2013-11-15T09:21:02.393" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Предыдущий ответ был основан на моих личных соображениях по поводу значения этой фразы. В этом ответе я приведу ссылки на авторитетные мнения и источники которые мне удалось недавно найти.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На мой взгляд наиболее полным толкованием значения этого оборота, включающем не только влюбленных, супругов и т.д., но и другие отношения (например покровительство) является следующее:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Души не чаять - безгранично любить кого-л., всячески заботиться и оберегать кого-либо. &lt;em&gt;Яранцев Р. И. Русская фразеология // Словарь-справочник. М.: Русский язык, 2001., стр. 111)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;В. В. Виноградов&lt;/a&gt; приводит это выражение как пример &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.textologia.ru/russkiy/leksikologia/frazeologia/frazeologicheskie-srascheniya/730/?q=463&amp;amp;n=730&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;фразеологического сращения&lt;/a&gt;, представляющего собою такое слитное семантическое единство, что лексические значения компонентов вовсе безразличны для понимания целого&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.philology.ru/linguistics2/vinogradov-77d.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;см. здесь&lt;/a&gt;). Такие выражения с течением времени могут сильно видоизменяться:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...Внешняя форма иногда бывает очень неустойчивой... Она подвержена фонетическим или эвфоническим воздействиям. Так, идиома &lt;em&gt;с боку припёка&lt;/em&gt; без всяких грамматических оснований превращается в парное созвучие &lt;em&gt;с боку припеку&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или же выражение может &quot;безболезненно терять свои части - одну за другой&quot;. В качестве примера Виноградов приводит выражение &quot;ни в зуб толкнуть не смыслит (не умеет)&quot;, которое может употребляться в форме &quot;ни в зуб толкнуть&quot; и даже в форме &quot;ни в зуб&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наконец, одно ни в зуб употребляется в том же значении; например, у Достоевского в &quot;Дневнике писателя&quot; (1876 г., февраль): &quot;Человек он темный, законов ни в зуб&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обратимся теперь к тому как же возникло это выражение. Справочная служба сайта gramma.ru так &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramma.ru/ARRM/?RG1=11&amp;amp;flag=1&amp;amp;RG2=all&amp;amp;page=23&amp;amp;PHPSESSID=4172b9e6bee814ce8ee0a224b195cfd3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;отвечает на этот вопрос&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Души не чаять - этот фразеологический оборот первоначально имел иной вид (души в себе не чуять от счастья, радости), и нынешняя его форма стала результатом смешения в речи глаголов &quot;чуять&quot; (чувствовать) и &quot;чаять&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Учебный фразеологический словарь &lt;a href=&quot;http://phraseologiya.academic.ru/344/%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;с осторожностью говорит&lt;/a&gt; о замене &quot;чуять&quot; на &quot;чаять&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;души не чаять&lt;/strong&gt; Разг. Только несов. Очень сильно, безгранично любить.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (?) Чаять (устар.) – «надеяться, полагать, думать». Утвердился в указанной форме в результате смешения глаголов чаять и чуять – «чувствовать».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Большой словарь русских поговорок &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/proverbs/2572/%D0%94%D0%A3%D0%A8%D0%90&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;приводит такие формы&lt;/a&gt; этого выражения:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Души не ведать &lt;em&gt;в ком. Прикам.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Души не чуять в &lt;em&gt;ком. Курск.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Души не чаять (не слышать) &lt;em&gt;в ком. Народн.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Души не помнить (не чуять, не чувствовать). &lt;em&gt;Пск.&lt;/em&gt; 1. Быть вне себя от радости. 2. &lt;em&gt;в ком.&lt;/em&gt;  Безгранично любить, обожать кого-л.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отметим что в последнее выражение может употребляться без &quot;в ком&quot;. В этом случае эта фраза &quot;души не помнить, души не чуять, души не чувствовать&quot; означает &quot;быть вне себя от радости&quot; не указывая на источник этих чувств (не обязательно любви и необязательно по отношению к другому человеку).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом, на основании всех приведенных материалов мне кажется что выражение приобрело современную форму таким путем:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Исходная форма: &lt;strong&gt;души в себе не чуять от счастья/радости&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сокращение экспрессивного выражения: &lt;strong&gt;души не чуять&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Замена слова по созвучности: &lt;strong&gt;души не чаять&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Указание на источник счастья/радости (а именно любовь к кому-то): &lt;strong&gt;души не чаять в ком-то&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Загадка появления предлога &quot;в&quot;, на мой взгляд объясняется тем что при объяснении источника этого чувства, когда &quot;человек не чует души&quot; а именно от любви к кому-то (а не просто &lt;em&gt;от&lt;/em&gt; счастья или &lt;em&gt;от&lt;/em&gt; радости), внешняя синтаксическая форма выражения диктует выбор именно предлога &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;[души не чаять] [в ком-то]&lt;/em&gt;. (для примера &quot;счастье в личной жизни&quot;, &quot;нашел себя в спорте&quot;. Т.е. &quot;в&quot; здесь изначально не связывает &quot;душу&quot; и этого &quot;кого-то&quot;, а соединяет форму &quot;души не чаять&quot; с дополнением, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/es/71848/%D0%92&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;объясняющим источник этого чувства&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Напоследок укажу что и толкование &quot;не чаять&quot; как &quot;видеть только желаемое&quot; тоже встречается. Фразеологический словарь так &lt;a href=&quot;http://phrase_dictionary.academic.ru/681/%D0%94%D0%A3%D0%A8%D0%98_%D0%9D%D0%95_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%AF%D0%A2%D0%AC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;толкует это выражение&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Имеется в виду, что лицо (Х) так эмоционально расположено к другому лицу (Y), что видит только привлекательные черты, свойства его натуры.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На мой взгляд это толкование обладает тем недостатком, что объясняя фразеологизм, смысл которого не выводится из слов, его составляющих, четко придерживается смысла, порядка и синтаксических взаимодействий между этими словами (не удержавшись, впрочем, от замены &quot;чаять&quot; на &quot;чуять&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-11-15T09:29:49.447" LastActivityDate="2013-11-15T09:29:49.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2779" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2780" CreationDate="2013-11-16T14:49:29.343" Score="4" ViewCount="764" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a web-designer and I am working right now for a Russian client.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have to tell him that I will work now on the &lt;strong&gt;layout&lt;/strong&gt; of the site.&#xA;The translator give many options and don't know which is better in this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do you suggest to translate &lt;strong&gt;layout&lt;/strong&gt; for webdesign and graphic design context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1961" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-04-11T12:14:45.400" LastActivityDate="2017-04-11T12:14:45.400" Title="How to say &quot;layout&quot; in Russian (in Webdesign context)" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2779" CreationDate="2013-11-16T16:05:30.270" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;My suggestions:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(web)site layout - макет сайта, оформление сайта&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(web)page layout - макет страницы, разметка страницы&lt;br&gt;&#xA;graphic design layout - макет, графический макет, макет изображения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2013-11-16T16:05:30.270" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2781" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2779" CreationDate="2013-11-16T16:07:05.667" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It looks like you actually talking about &quot;вёрстка&quot; - if you mean the very process of translating psd-files (or whatever is drawn) to html, this is exactly the word you are looking for. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The coder who usually deals with such translations is called &quot;верстальщик&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2013-11-16T16:07:05.667" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2782" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2783" CreationDate="2013-11-18T15:20:18.093" Score="5" ViewCount="424" Body="&lt;p&gt;What word was used in Russian for a line before &lt;strong&gt;линия&lt;/strong&gt; was borrowed in the 18th century?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was it &lt;strong&gt;черта&lt;/strong&gt;? Or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2013-12-31T19:15:13.737" LastActivityDate="2013-12-31T19:15:13.737" Title="What word was used in Russian for line before the borrowing of &quot;линия&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2782" CreationDate="2013-11-18T17:44:18.997" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;В словарь древне-русского языка Срезневского есть &lt;a href=&quot;http://urokirus.com/slovarsreznevskogo/displayimage.php?pid=1901&amp;amp;fullsize=1&quot;&gt;статья про слово &lt;em&gt;черта&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ЧЕРТА 1) Протяжение, имеющее одну длину без ширины и толщины, линия. &lt;em&gt;Иота едина, или едина черта не прейдет от закона. Провесть черту.&lt;/em&gt; 2) &lt;em&gt;Стар.&lt;/em&gt; Пограничная линия; рубеж с укреплениями. &lt;em&gt;Велели столнику и воеводе... Колычевскому быти по Белогородской черте в Олшанску.&lt;/em&gt; 3) Действие, поступок. &lt;em&gt;Это прекрасная черта в его жизни. Прошедшаго житья подлейшия черты.&lt;/em&gt; 4) В минералогии: царапина, сделанная на минерале твердейшим его телом. 5) У плотников: орудие, коим прочерчивают доски. 6) &lt;em&gt;Во мн.&lt;/em&gt; Облик, очертание лица.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С другой стороны, у Срезневского есть и &lt;a href=&quot;http://urokirus.com/slovarsreznevskogo/displayimage.php?pid=375&amp;amp;fullsize=1&quot;&gt;слово линия&lt;/a&gt;: &quot;черта, проведенная от одной точки до другой&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Этимологический &lt;a href=&quot;http://enc-dic.com/semenov/Cherta-354.html&quot;&gt;словарь Семенова&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Черта&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Древнерусское – чьрта.&#xA;  Старославянское – чръта.&#xA;  Общеславянское – cьrta.&#xA;  Индоевропейское – ker(s)- (резать).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Слово известно с XI в., с XIV в. вошло в употребление слово «чертеж» в значении «отметка, грань». Широкое распространение слово получило в начале XVIII в. Существует во всех славянских языках, т.к. восходит к общеславянскому cьrta.&#xA;  Родственными являются:&#xA;  Украинское, белорусское – черта.&#xA;  Болгарское – чьрта.&#xA;  Производные: черточка, чертить, начертать, чертеж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;О слове линия словарь Семенова явно указывает что впервые оно упоминается в словарях с 1731 года:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Линия&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Заимствование слова произошло в XVIII в., впервые в словаре встречается в 1731 г. Современное значение слова: «черта, определяющая предел какой-либо поверхности или направление в движении».&#xA;  Первоисточник слова – латинский язык, значение «льняная нить», «льняной шнур», «черта». В русском языке слово появилось из немецкого. Сначала в русском языке писали «линея».&#xA;  Слово встречается в других славянских языках, при этом оно не претерпевает никаких изменений.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В то же время, церковно-славянский словарь &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.orthodic.org/cs/%D0%A7/3&quot;&gt;переводит слово черта&lt;/a&gt; как &quot;1) малая часть минуты 2) малая буква&quot;. Встречается в нем и перевод слова &quot;строка&quot; как &quot;линия&quot;, но это только &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.orthodic.org/cs/%D0%A1/46&quot;&gt;шестое значение&lt;/a&gt;. Вопрос в том насколько можно пользоваться этим или подобным словарем для поиска предшественника &quot;линии&quot;? С другой стороны, в допетровские времена именно церковно-славянский был литературным языком.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается слова &lt;strong&gt;струна&lt;/strong&gt;, то в &lt;a href=&quot;http://urokirus.com/slovarsreznevskogo/displayimage.php?pid=1705&amp;amp;fullsize=1&quot;&gt;словаре Стрезневского&lt;/a&gt; оно упоминается только в значении &quot;струна муз. инструмента&quot; или &quot;тетива&quot;. В качестве синонимов (в том числе во фразеологизмах) предлагаются &quot;нитка&quot;, &quot;жила&quot;, &quot;тетива&quot;, так что струна - не претендент.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что &lt;strong&gt;черта&lt;/strong&gt;, похоже является главным претендентом на предшественника слова &quot;линия&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-11-18T18:13:29.687" LastActivityDate="2013-11-18T18:13:29.687" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2757" CreationDate="2013-11-20T13:28:42.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a phraseologism. An example of a phraseologism is 'to be between hammer and anvil'. Of course every phraseologism has it's history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think Russian poets think about it as for some 'reinforcing denial'. If you remove the first part 'не' you have the same sense (&quot;to feel, to recognise somebody's soul&quot;). The &quot;не&quot; adds emotional denial here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also 'не' is for additional &lt;em&gt;syllable&lt;/em&gt;. Syllables are important in Russian - Russian tries to be euphonious. And it's more 'pleasure for hears' to start with unstressed syllable. So, this 'не' is using to create an unstressed one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, why does have a positive meaning? The 'не' is accentuating only, the source phrase (without the 'не') has a positive meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's agains the Russian standart grammar, but it is possible for phraseologisms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="400" LastEditorUserId="400" LastEditDate="2013-11-20T13:35:21.103" LastActivityDate="2013-11-20T13:35:21.103" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2785" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-11-21T00:25:01.040" Score="9" ViewCount="647" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder what people in Russia say about doing some hard tedious work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2013-11-24T05:43:52.477" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T19:41:35.047" Title="What do people in Russia say about doing some hard tedious work?" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2786" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-11-21T07:14:43.497" Score="5" ViewCount="343" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today I've learned that there exists a term for thief who is specializing in stealing icons and church plates - &lt;code&gt;клюквенник&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just wonder when this term had been adopted and why does it actually &quot;клюквенник&quot;. I mean, a &lt;code&gt;форточник&lt;/code&gt; is self descriptive, &lt;code&gt;щипач&lt;/code&gt; after a bit of thought is also quite explainable term, but &lt;code&gt;клюквенник&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-11-22T16:44:47.470" LastActivityDate="2013-11-22T16:44:47.470" Title="Why is this who steals icons called &quot;клюквенник&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2785" CreationDate="2013-11-21T07:46:27.163" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it would be &lt;em&gt;пердячий X&lt;/em&gt;, where X is some tool or improvement; most commonly &lt;em&gt;пердячий пар&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Работа пыльная, грязная, тяжелая, из механизмов один пердячий пар &lt;em&gt;[В. С. Шаменков. А не слабо ли...? (2006)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Раньше ручная работа была, раньше все пердячим краном поднимали. &lt;em&gt;[К. К. Вагинов. Гарпагониада (1934)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-11-21T07:46:27.163" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2786" CreationDate="2013-11-21T08:11:33.587" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The one of the version is the following:&#xA;A bunch of grapes is the most famous decoration for the icon. It is symbol of church papacy. The grapes looks just like  cranberry.&#xA;That’s why thief, how stole icons is cranberry man = клюквенник&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2188" LastActivityDate="2013-11-21T08:11:33.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2785" CreationDate="2013-11-21T08:21:33.557" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If talking about a slang, I would suggest the word задолбаться. It is commonly used everywhere, it is not a hard slang, so you can say it to your parents, friends.&#xA;Example: Вчера переезжали в новый дом, задолбались вытаскивать холодильник с пятого этажа.&#xA;Or&#xA;Он задолбался ремонтировать свой автомобиль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition this word can be attached to person, who keep asking you about a help/favors/job to do or advising you some stupid ideas.&#xA;Like: Она уже задолбала меня звонить и просить денег в долг. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2188" LastActivityDate="2013-11-21T08:21:33.557" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2790" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2786" CreationDate="2013-11-21T08:22:59.557" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many online &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pseudology.org/Crim/CrimeSubCulture/05.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;dictionaries&lt;/a&gt; (including &lt;a href=&quot;http://starling.rinet.ru/~minlos/Non-literary_Russian/1912%20%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%A1%D0%BB%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%B8%20%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;, that is dated as being printed in 1912) say that &lt;code&gt;клюква&lt;/code&gt; is a word for a church:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;КЛЮКВА - церковь, часовня&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  КЛЮКВЕННИК - церковный вор; церковный карманщик&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However it is hard to tell which word was &quot;the original one&quot; and which is &quot;derived&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.watch.ru/archive/index.php/t-5962.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this forum&lt;/a&gt; I found an interesting version why the thieves are called this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;давным-давно заинтересовался, почему воров, специализирующихся на краже церковной утвари из храмов, называли &quot;клюквенниками&quot; (во времена до &quot;без царя&quot;)- так вот, эти специалисты в темноте, не зажигая свечу, на язык и на зуб определяли, серебрянный оклад у иконы или нет!&#xA;  Серебро кислит, как клюква.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the thief could tell if the icon setting (icon cover) was made of silver without using the light or candle. He tasted it with his tongue. If it had an acidic taste (as cranberry has) then it was silver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2013-11-22T11:38:04.843" LastActivityDate="2013-11-22T11:38:04.843" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2782" CreationDate="2013-11-21T10:23:15.980" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was the word &quot;межа&quot;. Thus, the verb &quot;отмежеваться&quot; means 'to discard someone or something', 'to separate from somebody or something'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2189" LastActivityDate="2013-11-21T10:23:15.980" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2792" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2801" CreationDate="2013-11-22T13:24:49.480" Score="5" ViewCount="7889" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been thinking about starting to learn Russian and one thing I have noticed is the huge difference between handwritten Russian and typed Russian.&#xA;Why is there such and difference and how did this come about?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2193" LastEditorUserId="71" LastEditDate="2013-11-29T15:29:19.880" LastActivityDate="2013-11-29T15:29:19.880" Title="Typeface vs Handwritten" Tags="&lt;typography&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2785" CreationDate="2013-11-23T10:25:47.047" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Doing hard tedious work means &lt;code&gt;Въёбывать&lt;/code&gt;. It is colloquial obscene word. Every native speaker will say so. It is quite consistent with the notion of hard tedious work, and not always carry negative connotation. You can proudly say &lt;code&gt;въебываю с утра до ночи&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All other words are euphemisms which used only if the environment does not allow to express directly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;вкалывать&lt;/code&gt;,  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;ишачить&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;пахать&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;ломать хрип&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;ломать горб&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;горбатиться&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;ломать хребет&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;ломать хребтину&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;ломать спину&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;работать (пахать) как вол&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;работать в поте лица&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;работать как каторжный&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;работать как ломовая лошадь&lt;/code&gt;,  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;работать без разгибу&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;работать на износ&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;упираться&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;хрячиться&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;умываться потом&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;гнуть хребет&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;гнуть спину&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;мантулить&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;натирать мозоли&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;мозолить руки&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The nouns are &lt;code&gt;адский труд&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;каторжная работа&lt;/code&gt;; &lt;code&gt;надрыв&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;надсада&lt;/code&gt; (from &lt;code&gt;надрываться&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;надсаждаться&lt;/code&gt;). &lt;code&gt;Страда&lt;/code&gt; is the period of hard work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Воду возить&lt;/code&gt; in the phrase &lt;code&gt;на сердитых воду возят&lt;/code&gt; means to be&#xA;  loaded by hard work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Cleaning out this kitchen will take a lot of elbow grease — пока&#xA;  уберёшь эту кухню, &lt;code&gt;семь потов сойдёт&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Elbow grease gives the best polish — &lt;code&gt;терпение и труд всё перетрут&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastEditorUserId="1027" LastEditDate="2013-11-23T10:45:18.387" LastActivityDate="2013-11-23T10:45:18.387" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2794" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2785" CreationDate="2013-11-24T01:20:22.703" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a list of words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;въёбывать - colloquial and obscene, like Clever Masha told. &#xA;Colloquial, but not obscene:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ишачить &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вкалывать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пахать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;горбатиться - similar to горбить спину&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not colloquial&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;гнуть спину, горбить спину - this one is poetic and slightly archaic. About one who works hard for somebody else, especially if he remains poor in spite of the hard work.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;работать (пахать) как лошадь (как вол, как ломовая лошадь, как каторжный)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;работать не разгибая спины&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;работать на износ - to work so hard that one eventually becomes unable to work anymore (i.e. because of health problems caused by overworking)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of these are about hard and long work.  You cannot say &quot;я повъёбывал полчаса, а потом пошёл в кино&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For fixing something which does not function properly, especially in a computer area, there is a word &quot;трахаться&quot;, i. e. &quot;я всё утро трахался с этим долбаным линуксом&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2013-11-24T01:20:22.703" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2795" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2797" CreationDate="2013-11-24T12:56:16.243" Score="3" ViewCount="343" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if two dative objects are allowed in a sentence. My doubt arose while trying to say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужно ему сказать, что …&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, the only way to distinguish who needs something is the order in the sentence, am I right? The question sounds trivial, but I thought that the different cases were like slots, that when filled, could travel along the sentence, thus being their commutativity allowed, since no confusion arises. But playing with this example –assuming it is right– suppose you want to stress &quot;ему&quot;, so you bring &quot;ему&quot; to the first place in the sentence, like in the following situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;–Kому тебе нужно сказать правду? Ей?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  –(да нет,) &lt;strong&gt;ему&lt;/strong&gt; нужно мнe сказать правду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would a particular интонация help to distinguish what one want? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-11-24T19:15:29.197" LastActivityDate="2013-11-30T10:23:45.527" Title="Two dative objects" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2796" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2795" CreationDate="2013-11-24T13:09:31.097" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In phrase &lt;code&gt;мне нужно ему сказать, что&lt;/code&gt; there's no slightest hint on disambiguation. Moreover, it is 100% valid grammar construction. It is translated like &quot;I need to tell him that ...&quot;. And the second phrase, &lt;code&gt;ему нужно мнe сказать, что&lt;/code&gt; is translated &quot;He needs to tell me that ...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;May be I don't get right the second part of you question, but no, the order is not that much strict, so you can say 'ему нужно сказать мне' (which is a full equivalent of second phrase) or 'мне нужно сказать ему' (which is identical to the first phrase).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2013-11-24T13:09:31.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2795" CreationDate="2013-11-24T14:11:02.153" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The point is, in your sentences there are no two dative objects referring to the same predicate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Нужно&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;is needed&quot;) is the predicate, it has one Dative object (&quot;for whom&quot;). The subject of &lt;code&gt;нужно&lt;/code&gt; is, naturally, in the Nominative case (&quot;what&quot;). But in your examples the subject is expressed by a verbal phrase, an infinitive + its objects, that is why &lt;code&gt;нужно&lt;/code&gt; agrees with this infinitive in the Neuter gender. So, &lt;code&gt;сказать&lt;/code&gt; is the subject of your sentences. In its own turn, &lt;code&gt;сказать&lt;/code&gt; has two objects, an Accusative one (&quot;what&quot;), and a Dative one (&quot;to whom&quot;). The Accusative object in your sentences is expressed by an objective clause beginning with &lt;code&gt;, что ...&lt;/code&gt; Well, this all may seem complicated, but actually it is not. Have a look at this chart:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CzKNB.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-11-24T14:27:45.633" LastActivityDate="2013-11-24T14:27:45.633" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2795" CreationDate="2013-11-24T14:26:41.280" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;While Yellow Sky's answer may explain it technically, it doesn't seem to help distinguishing the two dative objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мне (ему / ей / и т. д.) нужно&lt;/code&gt; at the beginning of a clause is a &quot;strong&quot; collocation that makes the phrase unambiguous. You don't need any special intonation to make it understandable. If you make it &quot;Yodic&quot; (which would be still normally understandable in other cases), it makes it ambiguous: &lt;code&gt;ему сказать нужно мне&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;ему сказать мне нужно&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, when you need to make a stress, you don't have to move the word to the first position. Moreover, it won't help it in your example, but the intonation will.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2013-11-24T14:34:07.803" LastActivityDate="2013-11-24T14:34:07.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2799" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2792" CreationDate="2013-11-28T16:27:10.247" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This might be wild speculation, but I suspect it is because writing curves etc. by hand is fast, whereas cutting out a proper curve of a piece of wood to make a stamp is comparably hard. Cursive handwriting is designed to be fast and easy for a human operator. But printing text with letters has different requirements. I would say the typeface &quot;diverged&quot; simply due to some economic choices along the way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;German typeface also looks a lot different from my handwriting, if I write the way I have learned it in grammar school. I guess this can be observed for probably any language. Yet, English cursive handwriting seems to be an old form of art not taught any more in English schools, where they seem to prefer writing in block letters. Therefore it might take a bit more getting used to cursive writing for English native speakers. (Apologies if I generalized too much.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1323" LastActivityDate="2013-11-28T16:27:10.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2694" CreationDate="2013-11-28T21:25:31.030" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to add my two cents to the @shabunc's answer (which is itself good and full).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There can also be &lt;code&gt;доброго дня&lt;/code&gt; and (however rarely used, obviously because it's a rare case to say goodbye in the morning) &lt;code&gt;доброго утра&lt;/code&gt;. Which would mean: have a good day, have a good morning. The situation with good night when you can't greet anyone saying &quot;добрая ночь&quot; seems to happen because there was no &quot;night life&quot; as nowadays and thus no one would have needed this form of greeting. So that, all the languages have some traditions, Russian just doesn't have a tradition to greet at night.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2208" LastActivityDate="2013-11-28T21:25:31.030" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2792" CreationDate="2013-11-29T08:25:10.950" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for difference between written and printed form of the letters, here is my personal experience:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I studied English handwriting to me the small letters k (looks like small R), r (is written backwards), s (looks like triangle), z (suddenly has a loop below the line) and the capital G (looks like Y), I (looks like Я), Q (a huge 2), S (big triangle), Z (doesn't look like Z at all) looked completely different from their printed counterparts. Maybe this is because they are &amp;quot;optimized&amp;quot; for fast writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it looks like as time goes by the printed letters may change, while handwritten ones stay almost the same. For example in this &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/2332/551&quot;&gt;answer about letter Л&lt;/a&gt; you can see that its modern form become popular in 1840, while before that time printed and handwritten Л had the similar &amp;quot;angle-shaped&amp;quot; form similar to Greek Λ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another question was about difference between &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/1552/551&quot;&gt;printed т and hand-written &lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. And looks like the difference is also has historical roots - both letters had almost the same shape before 1708 reform by Peter the Great. So, looks like handwriting is more conservative than printed fonts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now about usage of handwriting. This is called a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursive&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cursive script&lt;/a&gt;. According to Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cursive, also known as script, joined-up writing, joint writing, running writing, or handwriting is any style of penmanship in which the symbols of the language are written in a conjoined and/or flowing manner, generally for the purpose of making writing faster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Persian, Arabic, Latin, and Cyrillic alphabets, many or all letters in a word are connected, sometimes making a word one single complex stroke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XILCa.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, before the invention of a &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typewriter&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;typewriter&lt;/a&gt; in 1860 it was the only way to compose a document. But even after that cursive was used in personal correspondence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In USSR only official institutions and companies (and professional writers) typed their documents using typewriters, but even to prepare a long document it could be prepared first by the hand and then sent to &amp;quot;машбюро&amp;quot; a typing office. All the requests (e.g. for the vacation etc.) were written by the hand and never typed (you can sometimes meet this requirement even today - &amp;quot;the request should be hand-written using blue ink&amp;quot;). Also you could rare see the preprinted form where you should just fill in the gaps - usually you had to start from the blank page and write all the document yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To apply for a Ph.D. one had to write a Doctoral Dissertation which in printed form has several hundreds of pages - in 80'es this was made by the hand and then sent to a typing office where it was typed for several weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if you try to write several pages in block letters - it will take enormous time and effort. The cursive is much faster and easier to write.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, when the computers and printers are widespread you don't have to write so much. But still in some areas computers are rare and you likely will have to write any documents there in old-fasioned way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian cursive letters (from &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/1556/551&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YsdPg.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An here is the English cursive. In Russian schools the pupils are also taught to write this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GNqJY.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is interesting that in the US the cursive is almost extinct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the 2006 SAT, a United States post-secondary education entrance exam, only 15 percent of the students wrote their essay answers in cursive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2012, the American states of Indiana and Hawaii announced that their schools will no longer be required to teach cursive&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-11-29T12:44:15.940" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2795" CreationDate="2013-11-30T10:23:45.527" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say that however the following is grammatically correct, this is not what natives would say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;–Kому тебе нужно сказать правду? Ей?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;–(да нет,) ему нужно мнe сказать правду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's better to say this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Кому [тебе] нужно сказать правду? Ей?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-(да нет,) ему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stressing (с интонацией) at the word &lt;code&gt;ему&lt;/code&gt;. No one would use the full answer in real life,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Maybe even better worded question to avoid double Dative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Кому ты должен сказать правду? Ей?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2208" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-11-30T10:23:45.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2803" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2804" CreationDate="2013-12-01T16:34:05.340" Score="4" ViewCount="156" Body="&lt;p&gt;From examples that I have seen, I understand that titles of media (books, films etc.) enclosed in quotation marks that are nouns (possibly modified by adjectives) or adjectives in the nominative case and that are not preceded by the type of media are declined.  For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я прочитала «Вечного мужа».&#xA;&#xA;Актёр из «Утомлённых солнцем» подозревается в убийстве.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: are there any other types of grammatical structures for titles within quotation marks that are declined?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(My apologies if there is already an answer in English available on the internet.  The only related page I could find was &lt;a href=&quot;http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110202190327AAjkht8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this question on Yahoo! Answers&lt;/a&gt;, which answers a slightly different question (should one write ‘&lt;code&gt;see: “Venera-9”&lt;/code&gt;’ as ‘&lt;code&gt;см.: «Венера-9»&lt;/code&gt;’ or ‘&lt;code&gt;см.: «Венеру-9»&lt;/code&gt;’?).  I also do not understand why &lt;code&gt;«Венера-9»&lt;/code&gt; should not be declined for this example.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2191" LastEditorUserId="2191" LastEditDate="2013-12-01T21:45:33.310" LastActivityDate="2013-12-01T21:45:33.310" Title="When is a title in quotation marks that is not preceded by the type of media declined?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2803" CreationDate="2013-12-01T17:29:13.737" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two grammatically correct variants:&#xA;For example: &quot;&lt;code&gt;Я прочитал «Войну и мир»&lt;/code&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;code&gt;Я еще не смотрел последний эпизод «Звёздных войн»&lt;/code&gt;&quot; are correct as well as &quot;&lt;code&gt;Я прочитал книгу «Война и мир»&lt;/code&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;code&gt;Я еще не смотрел последний эпизод эпопеи «Звёздные войны»&lt;/code&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there can also be such titles that hardly possible to use without the media type. For example: &quot;&lt;code&gt;Что вы думаете о фильме «Здравствуйте, я ваша тётя!»?&lt;/code&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some cases if the title doesn't sound like a title, though easily declined, the media type is better to be used: &quot;&lt;code&gt;Вы читали «Братьев Карамазовых»?&lt;/code&gt;&quot; For a person who is not well-read, it may sound like you ask about some brothers Karamazovs who wrote some book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speaking of «&lt;code&gt;Венера-9&lt;/code&gt;» vs «&lt;code&gt;Венеру-9&lt;/code&gt;», «&lt;code&gt;Венера-9&lt;/code&gt;» is used in case of &quot;&lt;code&gt;см. Венера-9&lt;/code&gt;&quot;. It's because it can be extended to &quot;&lt;code&gt;смотри статью с названием «Венера-9»&lt;/code&gt;&quot;. So, nominative case is used when you refer using &quot;&lt;code&gt;см.&lt;/code&gt;&quot;. But if «&lt;code&gt;Венера-9&lt;/code&gt;» were a movie, we would say: &quot;&lt;code&gt;посмотри «Венеру-9&lt;/code&gt;»&quot; or &quot;&lt;code&gt;посмотри фильм «Венера-9»&lt;/code&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2208" LastEditorUserId="2208" LastEditDate="2013-12-01T17:35:48.373" LastActivityDate="2013-12-01T17:35:48.373" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2805" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2811" CreationDate="2013-12-01T19:47:09.070" Score="8" ViewCount="1967" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's it, specifically in the sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не встать!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не вставать!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are they exactly the same, what are the differences?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2085" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-10-23T16:18:25.280" LastActivityDate="2017-10-26T03:53:00.187" Title="Difference between &quot;вставать&quot; and &quot;встать&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2805" CreationDate="2013-12-01T20:17:46.093" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference between these two words is a usual difference between a pair of an imperfective (вставать) and a perfective (встать) verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, &lt;code&gt;не встать!&lt;/code&gt; looks ungrammatical as imperative, perfective verbs are not used in negative (forbidding) imperative commands (the &lt;code&gt;!&lt;/code&gt; suggests you meant it to be imperative), although it is possible to use the phrase to express regret, then it means &lt;code&gt;cannot stand/get up!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Не вставать!&lt;/code&gt; is a usual strongly forbidding imperative command, it means &lt;code&gt;don't you stand/get up!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-12-02T20:19:19.363" LastActivityDate="2013-12-02T20:19:19.363" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2807" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-01T23:16:53.830" Score="21" ViewCount="890" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reviewing an older Russian textbook today, and it says that the genitive case has to be used for the direct object of negated verbs. For example: I don't see the table (&quot;Я не вижу стола&quot;), and not Я не вижу стол.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But most of the newer Russian textbooks make no mention of this rule, and a few Russians I've spoken to have said that although it's possible to say Я не вижу стола, most people just say Я не вижу стол. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would mean that if I had the sentence &quot;He doesn't read my book&quot;, it would be &quot;Он не читает мою книгу,&quot; and not &quot;Он не читает моей книги.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is this rule really a rule, or is it one that can be disregarded in the context of current usage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2217" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-24T16:04:52.277" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T16:04:52.277" Title="Direct object of negated verbs takes which case?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;genitive-negative&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2807" CreationDate="2013-12-02T05:48:41.917" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rulinguistic.com/normy-upravleniya/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;there&lt;/a&gt; are some rules for this, let me give a translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_verb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;transitive verbs&lt;/a&gt; with negation are governed by genitive or accusative in following cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;genitive&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(usually used)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With strong negation with &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;ни&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; particle - &quot;Не люблю ни чрезмерной жары, ни чрезмерного холода&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With partitive &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_%28grammar%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;objects&lt;/a&gt; -  Не cделал вычислений.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;After verbs &lt;code&gt;видеть, слышать, думать, хотеть, чувствовать, ждать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With words used for describing abstract concepts (like time, honor and so one) - &quot;Не теряет времени&quot;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;accusative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(usually used)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In cases when in English one most likely will use &quot;the&quot; -  &quot;Не прочёл книгу, которую ему рекомендовали&quot; (he hadn't read the book, which…).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With animate nouns and proper nouns.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With double negations - Нельзя не заметить определённую логику в его доводах.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With adverbs of extreme &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/adverbs_degree.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;degree&lt;/a&gt; (like almost, nearly etc.) - Едва не пропустил урок. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If there is a word (usually this is an adjective) which is logically connected with both the verb and and the corresponding noun. Here we need a bit of explanation. For example, in phrase &quot;не считаю книгу интересной&quot; you can just drop &quot;книгу&quot; and leave &quot;не считаю интересной&quot; - this is exactly what is meant by connection with both verb and noun.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If negation is separated by some additional word (thus, if the verb is not negated directly) - &quot;Не часто слушаю музыку&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If it is subsequent infinitive which is the subject of negation, not a noun - Не хотел читать книгу.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are a sharp reader, you've noticed that I've a bit shortened the second list of rules. This is not because I'm lazy - well, not only because of this :)&#xA;Actually, the rules are getting quite vague, even self-repeating and, most important, all these rules are not always strict. You indeed can say &quot;не читал этой книги&quot; or &quot;не читал эту книгу&quot;; but at the same time there are cases when only one form is (de-facto) appropriate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your question belongs to that kind of questions which makes learning any language a difficult task, since even rules trying to describe something are quite fuzzy. &#xA;If you ask any native Russian speaker why he/she prefers one form to another, the less probabilistic scenario is that this native speaker will name you any of the rules described above. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But! Speaking of the verb &quot;видеть&quot; there's a little mnemonic trick you can use. &#xA;If you use &quot;не видеть&quot; in the meaning &quot;не замечать&quot; (do not notice) in colloquial speech you most probably will end with genitive form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-12-02T20:50:18.437" LastActivityDate="2013-12-02T20:50:18.437" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2807" CreationDate="2013-12-02T05:59:30.363" Score="13" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При переходных глаголах с отрицанием в одних случаях явно преобладает употребление родительного падежа дополнения, в других – употребление винительного падежа, в третьих – наблюдается факультативное их использование.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/66.htm#%D0%B7_04&quot;&gt;Падеж дополнения при переходных глаголах с отрицанием&lt;/a&gt; (Розенталь Д.Э. и др. Справочник.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But your observation is correct -- usually genitive is more bookish than accusative. I'd say only 1.2, 1.3, 1.5 and 1.6 cases of the article are more widely used in genitive, but even those are often disregarded in informal speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2013-12-02T07:31:12.667" LastActivityDate="2013-12-02T07:31:12.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2810" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-02T19:35:35.697" Score="4" ViewCount="211" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to get infinitive when only short passive participle is available?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not (which is what I suppose), then how can I &lt;strong&gt;minimize the usage of a dictionary&lt;/strong&gt; in order to get the infinitive? And which exceptions will I have to define externally in order to get it right? Probably I will even need to include extra rules for consonant/vowel alternation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The case when the short participle is ended with -ан is pretty easy for automatic processing : I just replace -ан with -ать. But for other patterns, there is a problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was a question on this site about the choice of -t or -n pattern choice when forming passive participles. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/1757/1329&quot;&gt;How to define a general pattern to choose between n-participles and t-participles?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As one can see, the mapping   verb_infinitive -&gt; pattern is non-injective and surjective, so in order to determine the verb infinitive, I need extra resources.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-02-07T15:07:24.313" Title="Reverse procedure : how to get infinitive when only short passive participle is available" Tags="&lt;participle&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2805" CreationDate="2013-12-02T20:48:40.777" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Встать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;вставать&lt;/em&gt; are an aspectual pair (&lt;strong&gt;видовая пара&lt;/strong&gt;) where &lt;em&gt;встать&lt;/em&gt; is perfective and &lt;em&gt;вставать&lt;/em&gt; is imperfective; otherwise their meaning is the same.  Their past forms (singular masculine) are &lt;em&gt;встал&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;вставал&lt;/em&gt;, their future forms (singular first person) are &lt;em&gt;встану&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;буду вставать&lt;/em&gt;.  In the present time, they are the same (встаю/встаём/встаёшь/встаёте/встаёт/встают).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Встать&lt;/em&gt; denotes a one-time action and &lt;em&gt;вставать&lt;/em&gt; denotes a repeating action. For example, you can say &quot;я вставал каждое утро&quot;, but not &quot;я встал каждое утро&quot;, which is gramatically incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, &lt;em&gt;встать&lt;/em&gt; means a simple action, &lt;em&gt;вставать&lt;/em&gt; means an action with internal structure.  For instance, &quot;надо встать&quot; refers to a physical action of standing up or raising from the bed. &quot;Надо вставать&quot; means that one needs to get up, which takes time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some more examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Waking up somebody, the correct verb is &quot;вставай(те)&quot;, not &quot;встань(те)&quot;, because a sleeping person cannot raise immediately, the process takes time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;But &quot;Я встану завтра в 7 утра&quot;, &quot;завтра мне надо встать в 7 утра&quot; - because the process of getting up will/should be finished at 7.  Similarly, &quot;я вчера встал в 7 утра&quot;, because at 7am you already finished the process of getting up.  &quot;Я вчера вставал в 7 утра&quot; means, if anything, that at 7am you were in bed making heroic efforts to get up.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When doing physical exercises, &quot;встань(те)&quot; (встали, встать) is the correct verb, because it refers to a physical movement.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When sitting in a train, &quot;вставай, мы приехали&quot; means that the train is at the destination station, and you ask the person to stand up, but before it he may put his book into the bag, for example.  &quot;Встань&quot; in the train means that you want him to stand up immediately.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Не вставать!&quot; is an order prohibiting to stand up.  &quot;Не встать&quot; is a phrase, not a sentence, meaning that it is impossible to stand up or get up (due to weariness, wounds, absence of space to stand up, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there is a colloquial phrase &quot;умереть, не встать&quot; (&quot;упасть, не встать&quot;, &quot;не встать&quot;) which means &quot;very funny&quot;, &quot;LOLMAO&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-10-23T16:07:09.243" LastActivityDate="2017-10-23T16:07:09.243" CommentCount="23" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2810" CreationDate="2013-12-03T04:35:39.430" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There might be rules and my kids probably learn them.&#xA;I tried to figure it out, and simple patterns come into mind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Perfect forms of verbs end with the same vowel as in the participle ending (что сделать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Imperfect forms of verbs always end with: -ать/-ять (что делать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-ан -ана -ано -&gt; -ать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сделан сделана сделано -&gt; сделать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;прочитан прочитана прочитано -&gt; прочит-ать (что сделать?), прочитыв-ать (что делать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-ат -ата -ато -&gt; -ать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сжат сжата сжато -&gt; сж-ать (что сделать?), сжим-ать (что делать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-ят -ята -ято -&gt; -ять, -ать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;смять смята смято -&gt; см-ять (что сделать?), сжим-ать (что делать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-ян -яна -яно -&gt; -ять, -ать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;засеян засеяна засеяно -&gt; засе-ять (что сделать?), засев-ать (что делать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-ен -ена -ено -&gt; -ить, -ять, -ать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;скошен скошена скошено -&gt; скос-ить (что сделать?), скашив-ать (что делать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;оставлен оставлена оставлено -&gt; остав-ить (что сделать?), оставл-ять (что делать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-ет -ета -ето -&gt; -еть, -ать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;спет спета спето -&gt; сп-еть (что сделать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;одет одета одето -&gt; од-еть (что сделать?), одев-ать (что делать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-ит -ита -ито -&gt; -ить, -ать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сбит сбита сбито -&gt; сб-ить (что сделать?), сбив-ать (что делать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-ыт -ыта -ыто -&gt; -ыть, -ать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;открыт открыта открыто -&gt; откр-ыть (что сделать?), открыв-ать (что делать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-ут -ута -уто -&gt; -уть, -ать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;тронут тронута тронуто -&gt; трон-уть (что сделать?), трог-ать (что делать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-от -ота -ото -&gt; -оть, -ать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;прополот прополота прополото -&gt; пропол-оть (что сделать?), пропалыв-ать (что делать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-ён -ена -ено -&gt; -ить, -ать, -ять&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;обозлён обозлена обозлено -&gt; обозл-ить (что сделать?), обозл-ять (что делать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;взращён взращена взращено -&gt; взраст-ить (что сделать?), взращив-ать (что делать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="905" LastActivityDate="2013-12-03T04:35:39.430" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2814" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-03T18:36:02.090" Score="6" ViewCount="312" Body="&lt;p&gt;Certain words govern more than one case even when the meaning is identical in both cases.  For example, &lt;code&gt;простить&lt;/code&gt; governs both the genitive and dative cases and «&lt;code&gt;прости меня&lt;/code&gt;» and «&lt;code&gt;прости мне&lt;/code&gt;» have the same meaning.  I have a few questions regarding this phenomenon:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there a reason why more than one case is allowed (apart from ‘that’s just the way it is’)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A Yandex search shows that «&lt;code&gt;прости меня&lt;/code&gt;» is used much more frequently than &lt;code&gt;«прости мне»&lt;/code&gt;.  Would usage of «&lt;code&gt;прости мне&lt;/code&gt;» (or the less common case in any situation where more than one case can be used) send a certain kind of signal about your speech? (The closest analogue I can think of in English (which may not be a good analogue) is usage of ‘&lt;code&gt;different than&lt;/code&gt;’ or ‘&lt;code&gt;different to&lt;/code&gt;’ when others would use ‘&lt;code&gt;different from&lt;/code&gt;’ (i.e. not in a context where most people would agree that ‘&lt;code&gt;different than&lt;/code&gt;’ works better than than ‘&lt;code&gt;different from&lt;/code&gt;’).)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Might the choice of case be regional or is it fairly evenly spread among the population?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt; It has been pointed out that the example is bad.  I understand the difference between «&lt;code&gt;прости меня&lt;/code&gt;» and «&lt;code&gt;прости мне что-то&lt;/code&gt;» now.  &lt;strong&gt;My question is about the choice of case when more than one case is permitted and both cases yield identical meanings&lt;/strong&gt;; unfortunately I don’t have an example at hand now because what I thought was an example turned out not to be one.  I would be glad to edit the example if someone can provide a valid example.  &lt;strong&gt;I would appreciate it if future answers could address the question that I intended to ask.  It’s possible that the question is vacuous because there is always a difference in meaning when both cases are used irrespective of the verb in question; if this is so, somebody can point it out and I would be happy to consider the question closed.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2191" LastEditorUserId="2191" LastEditDate="2013-12-03T23:07:17.970" LastActivityDate="2013-12-04T16:31:13.823" Title="Choice of case when more than one is allowed" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2815" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2820" CreationDate="2013-12-03T20:03:24.687" Score="8" ViewCount="2349" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read an example that said this sentence was personal:&#xA;Его ослепила молния&#xA;and this one impersonal:&#xA;Его ослепило молнией&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me they both mean &quot;The lightning blinded him.&quot;  I don't really understand how to tell the difference between a personal and impersonal sentence.  Is it something like &quot;he was blinded by the lightning&quot; in the instrumental case as opposed to &quot;the lightening blinded him&quot; in nominative?  When writing my own sentences what is the easiest way to know whether it is a personal or impersonal construction?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2220" LastActivityDate="2013-12-04T09:16:40.310" Title="How to tell a personal vs. impersonal sentence?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2815" CreationDate="2013-12-03T20:55:24.347" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Personal sentences have a subject. Impersonal sentences do not. In the sentence &quot;Его ослепила молния&quot;, &quot;молния&quot; is the subject (nominative case), while &quot;его&quot; is the object (genitive case).  On the other hand, in the sentence &quot;Его ослепило молнией&quot;, &quot;молнией&quot; is in the instrumental case, and &quot;его&quot; is still in genitive. So neither can be the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2013-12-03T20:55:24.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2814" CreationDate="2013-12-03T21:10:20.153" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sorry, a native Russian speaker here. I disagree with the premise of this question. &quot;Прости меня&quot; and &quot;Прости мне&quot; have a completely different meaning to me, albeit in a nuanced way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Прости меня&quot; (who? -- &quot;me&quot; as a person) -- for example, &quot;forgive me that I've been unfaithful to you&quot; (&quot;прости меня, что был тебе неверен&quot;) -- the subject of forgiveness is &quot;I&quot; as an individual&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Прости мне&quot; (what?) -- e.g., &quot;прости мне мои измены&quot; (forgive me my transgressions)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;прости мне&quot; therefore has a somewhat deflecting, impersonal effect, perhaps comparable to  &quot;mistakes were made&quot; in English -- a different grammatical structure completely, but the end result is also a &quot;disappearing act&quot; of the responsible party from the discourse. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2225" LastEditorUserId="2225" LastEditDate="2013-12-03T23:06:25.790" LastActivityDate="2013-12-03T23:06:25.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2814" CreationDate="2013-12-03T21:18:04.237" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yes there is a reason for using these two forms. See below.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is a certain &quot;signal&quot; when using &lt;code&gt;прости мне&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;прости меня&lt;/code&gt; when it's allowed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Прости меня&lt;/code&gt; - say when someone want to be forgiven &lt;strong&gt;entirely&lt;/strong&gt; and after that doesn't remain any reasons to be offended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Прости мне&lt;/code&gt; - say when someone want to apologise for &lt;strong&gt;a certain&lt;/strong&gt; bad action(s).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The choice of case of the form &lt;code&gt;прости&lt;/code&gt; is individual for everyone irrespective of localisation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1123" LastActivityDate="2013-12-03T21:18:04.237" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2815" CreationDate="2013-12-03T21:48:37.753" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/115/dima&quot;&gt;Dima&lt;/a&gt; is right, I would like to expand the answer a bit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The predicate agrees with the subject in person, number, and (in the past tense) in gender. Naturally, the subject must be in the Nominative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first example, &lt;code&gt;Его ослепила молния&lt;/code&gt;, is definitely personal, because the Feminine gender of the predicate explicitly points to &lt;code&gt;молния&lt;/code&gt; being the subject, there is no other Feminine noun in the sentence, and &lt;code&gt;молния&lt;/code&gt; is in the Nominative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second example, &lt;code&gt;Его ослепило молнией&lt;/code&gt; must at once draw you attention by several obvious differences from the first one: 1. there in no noun or pronoun in the Nominative case in that sentence (no explicit candidate for the role of the subject); 2. the predicate is in Neuter gender, but there are no Neuter gender nouns (and no infinitives which also make predicate take the Neuter gender form). That means the Neuter gender subject is omitted, and there is only one such subject, &lt;code&gt;оно&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;it&quot;), it is always omitted in Russian, and this is very typical of an impersonal sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2013-12-03T21:48:37.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2815" CreationDate="2013-12-03T22:56:25.953" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usage and semantics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being a native Russian speaker, I'd say that &quot;его ослепила молния&quot; and &quot;его ослепило молнией&quot; are semantically equivalent.  But until you know Russian very well, you should generally avoid impersonal sentences, because it is easy to make a mistake:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Его ослепило молнией - correct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Его дёрнуло/ударило током - correct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Его убило пулей - correct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Его убило шальной пулей - correct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Его разбило параличом - correct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Корабль снесло ветром - correct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Его укусило собакой - incorrect&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Его воскресило дефибриллятором - incorrect&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Его вылечило от туберкулёза горным воздухом - incorrect&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, impersonal sentences of this kind are used when inanimate object performs some action, and the action was not purposeful.  You can say &quot;Джона убило пулей&quot; if he was a soldier, and enemy soldier shot to the general direction of his military unit, but not if the shooter had a purpose to kill John personally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, &lt;em&gt;ток&lt;/em&gt;, when it means electric current, requires impersonal sentence. You cannot say &quot;меня ударил ток&quot; or &quot;меня дёрнул ток&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grammar:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In personal sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The subject is in nominative case&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The object is usually in accusative case (not genitive), unless there is a preposition (however, there are exceptions from this rule: Вася владел русским языком)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The verb has the same gender/number as the object&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In impersonal sentences of this kind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The subject is in instrumental case&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The object is in accusative case (not genitive)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The verb is in singular neuter&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2013-12-03T23:33:28.603" LastActivityDate="2013-12-03T23:33:28.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2814" CreationDate="2013-12-03T22:59:30.950" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are situations when &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/2807/direct-object-of-negated-verbs-takes-which-case&quot;&gt;two cases can be used interchangeably&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I would still like to expand on the discussion of your original example. &quot;Прости меня.&quot; is a complete sentence, where &quot;меня&quot; is the direct object in accusative case. On the other hand &quot;прости мне&quot; is not a complete sentence. It is missing a direct object. It has to be &quot;прости мне [something]&quot;, such as &quot;прости мне мою грубость&quot; (&quot;forgive me my rudeness&quot;). Notice that once you add the direct object, it is again in accusative case, while &quot;мне&quot; is an indirect object in dative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grammatically, this is exactly the same construction as &quot;дай мне книгу&quot;. &quot;книгу&quot; is the direct object in accusative, and &quot;мне&quot; is the indirect object in dative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2013-12-04T16:31:13.823" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1016" CreationDate="2013-12-04T05:19:34.023" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the difference between the two terms is closely paralleled by two English words -- &quot;heroism&quot; and &quot;heroics&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if somebody is meant to be portrayed as a true hero (without irony), his or her actions may be described as &quot;heroism&quot; (героизм); a wannabe, pretense or show-off hero, however, could be said to be acting with &quot;heroics&quot; (геройство).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's important to note that, depending on the context, the choice of a verb could be more important than the choice of a noun in order to convey the speaker's state of mind. A whole spectrum from very high to very low is possible here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Они проявил настоящий героизм&lt;/em&gt;   &amp;lt;-- an aura of high respectability and objectivity&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Она повела себя по-геройски&lt;/em&gt;        &amp;lt;-- ditto          &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Они продемонстрировали мужество и героизм&lt;/em&gt;  &amp;lt;-- ditto, although &quot;demonstrated&quot; is a more subjective and less lofty term than &quot;exhibited&quot; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Устроили мне здесь трудовой героизм -- в две смены пахать.&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt;-- &quot;heroism&quot; used sarcastically and indignantly&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Развели геройство -- молчат, не выдают, кто разбил окно.&lt;/em&gt;  &amp;lt;-- ditto, but using &quot;heroics&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2225" LastActivityDate="2013-12-04T05:19:34.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2815" CreationDate="2013-12-04T07:00:29.970" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are confused because there is no exact translation for &lt;code&gt;его ослепило молнией&lt;/code&gt; into English. It should be &lt;code&gt;it blinded him by the lightning&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code&gt;it&lt;/code&gt; being a dummy pronoun as in &lt;code&gt;it is raining&lt;/code&gt;. A good impersonal sentence example would be &lt;code&gt;it is getting dark&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;темнеет&lt;/code&gt;. In English you use a dummy pronoun for the subject, in Russian you omit it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a slightly different type of sentence that lacks a subject -- a zero person construction. In impersonal sentences the implied subject is a weather or other natural force causing the action, whereas zero person implies a person: &lt;code&gt;they say miracles are past&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;говорят, что чудес больше не бывает&lt;/code&gt;. In English the difference here is the dummy pronoun, it is &lt;code&gt;they&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;one&lt;/code&gt; as opposed to &lt;code&gt;it&lt;/code&gt;, in Russian you still omit it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So basically when you cannot find an explicit actor in the sentence, it is either impersonal or zero-person construction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2013-12-04T09:16:40.310" LastActivityDate="2013-12-04T09:16:40.310" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2825" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-04T12:53:03.810" Score="10" ViewCount="829" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;em&gt;&quot;Bluetooth devices have become commonplace in recent years...&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth&quot;&gt;offers&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Блютус&lt;/strong&gt;. I am not 100% certain this is the case; for example &lt;a href=&quot;http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth&quot;&gt;Bulgarian&lt;/a&gt; and (I believe) some other Slavic language pages seem to lean towards &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Блутут&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clarification of the question vis-a-vis the angle of some of the answers provided. This is not a theoretical linguistics question. The peculiarities of the genesis of the term Bluetooth, or incompatibilities of the sound systems between languages, while interesting topics all, are not really relevant here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assume the following scenario: you are the managing director of an electronics company, and you are being interviewed for a (Russian) TV or radio infomercial about some of the upcoming gadgets in your product pipeline. So in your statement like &quot;... this exciting new product takes full advantage of the Bluetooth technology...&quot;, what would be the term you use (or, better yet, what term your PR person would advise you to use so that the interview goes down smoothly with the educated, affluent, tech-oriented segment of the Russian audience)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2225" LastEditorUserId="2225" LastEditDate="2013-12-04T16:27:47.443" LastActivityDate="2013-12-08T10:45:42.027" Title="How would you translate &quot;Bluetooth&quot; (as in wireless technology) into proper Russian?" Tags="&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2825" CreationDate="2013-12-04T13:44:32.450" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it is still unstable. Russian doesn't have [θ] sound, so it usually became [т] (ортофосфорный) or [ф] (Федора) or even [с] or [з] (Саус Парк).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Definitely, it is not &lt;em&gt;блутут&lt;/em&gt; now (nobody will understand you). I, personally, spell &lt;em&gt;блутус&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;блютус&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, here is my vision about how &lt;strong&gt;th&lt;/strong&gt; is transcripted in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Long-loaned Greek or Hebrew words: &lt;code&gt;Руфь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Юдифь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;кафедра&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Феодосий&lt;/code&gt;,&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Фома&lt;/code&gt;. Usually these are biblical words, but there are also&#xA;&lt;code&gt;орфография&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;орфоэпия&lt;/code&gt;. I think the time usually is near&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianization_of_Kievan_Rus%27&quot;&gt;Christianization of Rus&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Not-so-long-loaned Greek and other words, especially if they came&#xA;through European languages: &lt;code&gt;ортогональный&lt;/code&gt; (note same 'ortho'),&#xA;&lt;code&gt;теология&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;католичество&lt;/code&gt;. Here are also some traditionally translated&#xA;English words like &lt;code&gt;Хитроу&lt;/code&gt; (Heathrow), &lt;code&gt;Джонатан&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Джудит&lt;/code&gt; (though she&#xA;is the same biblical Judith).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some modern unofficial English translations: &lt;code&gt;стелс&lt;/code&gt; (stealth), &lt;code&gt;блютус&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;(bluetooth), &lt;code&gt;Хизер Миллс&lt;/code&gt; (Heather Mills).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it begins when most of Russians started to learn&#xA;English at schools (second half of 20th century?), because they&#xA;really hear &lt;strong&gt;th&lt;/strong&gt; as [с] or [з] (&lt;code&gt;Зыс из э тэйбл&lt;/code&gt;). There was a&#xA;discussion 'How should we transcript &lt;em&gt;South Park&lt;/em&gt;?' in Russian&#xA;Wikipedia, and the reason for &lt;code&gt;Саутпарк&lt;/code&gt; was that there is already good old &#xA;&lt;code&gt;Саутгемптон&lt;/code&gt; (Southampton).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastEditorUserId="1958" LastEditDate="2013-12-04T16:13:37.080" LastActivityDate="2013-12-04T16:13:37.080" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2825" CreationDate="2013-12-04T14:44:17.103" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Блютуз or Блютус will be most appropriate. Nobody says Блутут in Russian:)&#xA;You can find version Голубой Зуб in texts of humorous nature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2199" LastEditorUserId="2199" LastEditDate="2013-12-04T14:49:57.600" LastActivityDate="2013-12-04T14:49:57.600" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="222" CreationDate="2013-12-04T22:58:58.480" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some additional examples that come to mind --&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ernest Hemmingway&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hippy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Happy End&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hula Hoop&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Jimmy Hendrix&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Doctor House&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Audrey Hepburn&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2225" LastActivityDate="2013-12-04T22:58:58.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2831" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-04T23:31:03.433" Score="7" ViewCount="249" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find it curious that (arguably) one of the easiest to pronounce English/Scottish surnames -- &lt;em&gt;Shaw&lt;/em&gt; -- is consistently reappearing on the Russian soil as &lt;em&gt;Шоу&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This spelling/pronunciation applies to some of the best known figures in the literary world (Бернард Шоу, Ирвин Шоу) familiar to the Russian public for a better part of the century, as well as very recent celebrities like hockey players and flash-in-the-pan supermodels. Furthermore, the English historian Ian Kershaw is known to the Russian readers as Ян Кершоу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if this scheme is simply a result of a historical accident, or (considering how stable it is) there is more to it than that? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2225" LastActivityDate="2013-12-06T22:18:07.320" Title="What's so showy about this common Scottish surname?" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2832" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2834" CreationDate="2013-12-05T01:40:07.687" Score="6" ViewCount="555" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you remember when to use the right verb - or is it simply by memory - or are they interchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose the same could be said for прийти/войти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2013-12-05T04:46:38.380" LastActivityDate="2013-12-06T11:37:38.407" Title="Is there a mnemonic for when to use уйти vs. выйти?" Tags="&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2832" CreationDate="2013-12-05T02:23:29.000" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Уйти = leave, go away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выйти (из) = exit (from some confound -- a room, a building, etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Прийти and войти аre the opposites of уйти and выйти, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the question is about mnemonics, the prefix is the key here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prefix &lt;strong&gt;у-&lt;/strong&gt; indicates movement from &quot;here&quot; (from the point of view of the narrator or subject) out, elsewhere: ушел, убежал, уехал, уполз&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prefix &lt;strong&gt;вы-&lt;/strong&gt; indicates movement from within to outside of something: вышел, выехал, выбежал, выполз &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To illustrate, consider this narrative involving a certain education professional:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мэри Поппинс:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Прилетела неизвестно откуда&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Влетела в окно детской комнаты&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вылетела (из дома на улицу) через парадную дверь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Улетела в неизвестном направлении&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2225" LastEditorUserId="2225" LastEditDate="2013-12-05T05:42:42.673" LastActivityDate="2013-12-05T05:42:42.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2825" CreationDate="2013-12-05T02:27:31.653" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, &lt;em&gt;Bluetooth&lt;/em&gt; (i. e. &lt;em&gt;Bluetooth-технология&lt;/em&gt;) is used in &gt;90% of cases.  Less used is &lt;em&gt;блютуз&lt;/em&gt;, and even less used is &lt;em&gt;блютус&lt;/em&gt;.  Below are the results of the search on Russian web-auction molotok.ru&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bluetooth&lt;/em&gt; - 501 ads&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;блютуз&lt;/em&gt; - 28 ads&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;блютус&lt;/em&gt; - 6 ads&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a jargon or colloquial expression &lt;em&gt;голубой/синий зуб&lt;/em&gt; (and adjectives &lt;em&gt;голубозубый&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;синезубый&lt;/em&gt;), used at phorums and blogs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The words &quot;блютуз&quot; and &quot;блютус&quot; are not capitalized, and any declension of them is colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are no words &quot;блютут&quot;, &quot;блютуф&quot; or &quot;блютуфь&quot; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2013-12-05T02:27:31.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2836" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2831" CreationDate="2013-12-05T03:43:27.587" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I studied at the university, here, in Ukraine, in the late 90s, our professor of English and American literature was outraged by that spelling, and even in our examination cards in his subject he spelled &quot;Bernard Shaw&quot; as &quot;Бернард Шо&quot;. Moreover, he also spelled &quot;Edgar Poe&quot; as &quot;Эдгар Поу&quot;, although the standard Russian rendering of that name is &quot;Эдгар По&quot;. &amp;lt; we had a joke that the two writers, Shaw and Poe, were mirror spelling twins :D &gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am sure, that the &lt;code&gt;Шоу&lt;/code&gt; spelling is just a result of a historical accident. Since the 19th century several ways of rendering of the English names were used, almost every quarter of a century they changed, creating lots of variants of the same English name. For example, &quot;William&quot; is &lt;code&gt;Вильям&lt;/code&gt;, but also &lt;code&gt;Уильям&lt;/code&gt;. The famous biologist Thomas Henry Huxley is &lt;code&gt;Гексли&lt;/code&gt;, but his grandson, a famous writer Aldous Leonard Huxley, is &lt;code&gt;Хаксли&lt;/code&gt;. James used to be &lt;code&gt;Джемс&lt;/code&gt;, but now it is almost always &lt;code&gt;Джеймс&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a long tradition of rendering the names of the English and British monarchs not the way they sound in English, but in their Latin form adapted to Russian phonetics and morphology:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Alfred is Альфрéд&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Harold is Гарóльд&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Henry is Гéнрих&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;John is Иоáнн&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Charles is Карл&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;James is Яков or Иáков&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mary is Мария&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Louis is Людóвик&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stephen is Стефáн&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Anne is Áнна&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;George is Геóрг&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Edward is Эдуáрд&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Elizabeth is Елизавéта&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point is, when it goes about the names of celebrities, one has to know exactly how the person's name is rendered in Russian. There is no set of rules you can use to render those names yourself. The easiest way is to find the Wiki article about the person and then switch it to Russian, but still, you should be ready to see several Russian variants of the person's name there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-12-05T06:11:15.867" LastActivityDate="2013-12-05T06:11:15.867" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2831" CreationDate="2013-12-05T09:53:57.393" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While I agree there are issues with translating names from certain languages, another point could be that you have to make sure they don't sound too odd, which is the case with &lt;code&gt;Шо&lt;/code&gt;. Just a wild guess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2013-12-05T09:53:57.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="94" CreationDate="2013-12-05T12:06:34.440" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;While other replies do provide some workarounds, none of those can be actually used as a direct equivalent of “I'm thirsty” in a modern spoken Russian language, the most suggested reply uses archaic examples those would not be understood by modern Russians. So, “Я хочу пить” is the most correct translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2233" LastActivityDate="2013-12-05T12:06:34.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1917" CreationDate="2013-12-05T17:46:36.930" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fasmer is far too old. He did not believe берлога could come from the *bher-, that gave English bear. But he was wrong. Берлога certainly is логово bher'а. Reasons are given. And... actually бурый comes from the same root.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2013-12-05T17:46:36.930" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2832" CreationDate="2013-12-06T11:31:47.310" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;One could use уйти in the meaning of 'leave with no immediate intent of coming back' and выйти otherwise (it is especially the case with выйти).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Где Павел? Where is Pavel?&#xA;- Он вышел. He is away [but is likely to return].&#xA;&#xA;- Он ушел. He is away [and he had shown no intention of coming back soon].&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="899" LastEditorUserId="899" LastEditDate="2013-12-06T11:37:38.407" LastActivityDate="2013-12-06T11:37:38.407" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2831" CreationDate="2013-12-06T22:18:07.320" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;IMHO, &quot;Shaw&quot; is actually not that easy to pronounce to a Russian speaker (I am going by the American pronunciation here.) It is not really &quot;Шо&quot;, and not really &quot;Ша&quot;, but somewhere in between, which is typical of English vowels. &#xA;Not to mention, that the &quot;sh&quot; sounds more like a щ than a ш. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, &quot;шо&quot; is a Ukrainian colloquialism meaning &quot;what&quot;, while &quot;ша!&quot; is a colloquialism derived from Yiddish, meaning &quot;be quite&quot;. &quot;Шоу&quot;, on the other hand, sounds very English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In any case, there seem to be patterns for transliterating foreign names which do not necessarily make sense, and which change over time. I have read about a bilingual child wondering why the name Sherlock (as in Holmes) is transliterated as Шерлок, when it sounds so much more like Щёлок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2013-12-06T22:18:07.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2842" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-07T02:00:43.310" Score="10" ViewCount="416" Body="&lt;p&gt;The language of 19th century (even its beginning), judging from the poetry and prose of Pushkin and Lermontov was quite the same language we speak today. Even if somebody decided to compose similar things today he would arrive to quite the same result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The language of 18th century, that of Peter the Great and Lomonosov was quite different. It used many service words considered today archaic and most importantly, used a very different word order. While Russian language has a free word order, certain word order still considered the default, and this is the most prominent feature that distinguishes the language of 18th century. It is still well comprehensible and mostly remains grammatically valid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if to consider the language of 17th century, it is unlikely that a modern speaker would understand it without prior training. Actually it is a different language, comprehensible no more than modern Ukrainian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder what led to this dramatic change in Russian language in 17th century and also what caused the change in word order in the 18th century. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:01:10.590" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T12:01:10.590" Title="What circumstances led to dramatic change in Russian language between 17th and 18th centuries?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2843" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2842" CreationDate="2013-12-07T16:18:22.587" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a great, multilayered question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an opinion expressed by a school of thought represented by the contemporary writer Mikhail Veller. I quote it in full as it is very relevant for this discussion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пушкин и русский язык&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Весь восемнадцатый век на русский язык, фигурально выражаясь, натягивалась по возможности немецкая грамматика; общеизвестно. А в первой трети девятнадцатого у Пушкина (в прозе) и особенно у Лермонтова – у него это просто ясно видно – появляется нечто совсем новое: они как бы пишут французским языком по-русски, или русским языком на французский лад, если угодно: строй фразы, ее синтаксис – не русские, с точки зрения русской грамматики – местами буквально не мотивированы, а калькированы с французского. Любимые лермонтовские точка с запятой между отдельными словами, двоеточие как знак скорее интонационно-оттеночный, нежели несущий какую бы то ни было конкретную грамматическую функцию, – столь же характерны для художественного французского языка той эпохи, сколь нехарактерны для русского.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот это изящное и фривольное офранцузивание русского языка и стало началом и основанием языка русского литературного классического.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дивная тема для кучи диссертаций. А что? Образованные дворяне того времени овладевали французским часто раньше и основательнее, чем русским; вот вышеупомянутые и впали в ересь: смешали языки – в хорошем, высоком смысле – придворный аристократический французский и житейский родной русский: вот и легкость, и гибкость, и блеск, и длинное дыхание фразы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[  Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://book-online.com.ua/read.php?book=7484&amp;amp;page=86&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://book-online.com.ua/read.php?book=7484&amp;amp;page=86&lt;/a&gt; ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2225" LastActivityDate="2013-12-07T16:18:22.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2842" CreationDate="2013-12-07T16:34:22.117" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, if you consider secular texts, especially those the compilers of which were not likely to have been much subjected to the influence of the bookish style (in particular, that of the Church Slavonic language), they are, while containing some dialect words, cliches uncommon for the modern language and historisms, perfectly understandable.&#xA;As the examples below suggest (archaic letters were removed, either way the spelling is preserved).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из Таможенных книг Курска (1620 г.): Марта в 5 день приехол с Елца Степан Шерапов [.] товару у него три бочки дехтю [.] пошлин взято двадцать алтын без алтына&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из Таможенных книг Старого Оскола (1651-52) Да в том же месяце в торговые дни и в будни с продажных товаров с хлеба и с воску и с вощин с коров и с волов с овец и козлов и со всяких мелких товаров пятна и пошлин и мимоезду с ыногородцов продажных товаров взято рубль три алтына две денги&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Царь Алексей Михайлович в одном из писем: От царя и великого князя Алексея Михаиловича... нарядись в ездовое платье да съезди к сестрам бутто ты от меня приехал да спрошаи о здоровъе да скожи што я буду в воскресенья...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из любовных писем (1686): ... я головы своие не щажу[.] был я у вас ночес и в ызбе а у вас никово не было... вчерась я к тебе писал чтобы ты вышла а ты и не вышла а я приходил [.] впрям ныне ты меня водиш в узде&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples from: Хрестоматия по истории русского языка: Учеб. пособие для стдентов пед. ин-тов по спец. № 2101 &quot;Рус. яз. и лит.&quot; / Авт.-сост. В.В. Иванов, Т.А. Сумникова, Н.П. Панкратова. -- М.: Просвещение, 1990. -- 496 с.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2042" LastActivityDate="2013-12-07T16:34:22.117" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2825" CreationDate="2013-12-08T10:30:39.973" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main objective is to say something that sounds like a Russian word, I think. &lt;strong&gt;Блютус&lt;/strong&gt; is fine then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's rather risky, but you may definitely say &lt;strong&gt;Синезуб&lt;/strong&gt; — it would sound like real Russian word, and I'm sure about 90% of Russians (especially those who are familiar with the technology) will understand you. And it will cause some nice smiles too :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2246" LastEditorUserId="2246" LastEditDate="2013-12-08T10:45:42.027" LastActivityDate="2013-12-08T10:45:42.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="94" CreationDate="2013-12-09T22:12:03.130" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;жажден, though relatively rarely used, does mean 'thirsty' and it is used both literally and metaphorically, as for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лев алчен и волк жажден, иже тиранствует, нищь сый, над языком убогим.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2252" LastActivityDate="2013-12-09T22:12:03.130" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2847" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2848" CreationDate="2013-12-09T22:29:48.870" Score="3" ViewCount="1024" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am writing an English letter to a married Russian couple, and they've got the same root for their last name, with a '-a' suffix for hers. Is there an acceptable way to address them both without writing out both names in full?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, for a couple 'Eva Ivanova' and 'Victor Ivanov', could I address them collectively as 'Eva and Victor Ivanov[a]'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2253" LastActivityDate="2013-12-11T04:10:52.600" Title="How to conflate feminine and masculine last names for a couple?" Tags="&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2013-12-13T10:03:05.263" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2847" CreationDate="2013-12-10T00:18:19.807" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just the same way like in English you can put any last name in the plural to mean &quot;the family of ...&quot;, like &lt;code&gt;the Smiths, the Lennons, the Bushes&lt;/code&gt;, so you can do that in Russian, and that's what you need to do when addressing a couple. In your case, you can write &lt;code&gt;Ева и Виктор Ивановы&lt;/code&gt;. Still, putting last names into plural and declining them is a tricky thing when dealing with Russian, Rosental has a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/57.htm#%D0%B7_06&quot;&gt;whole chapter&lt;/a&gt; devoted to that. What is the most important, is that last names (rather rare ones, though) that end in &lt;code&gt;-аго, -ако, -яго, -ых, -их, -ово&lt;/code&gt; and (Ukrainian, rather widespread) that end in &lt;code&gt;-ко (-енко)&lt;/code&gt; are not declined, and their plural is the same as the singular, that is why &lt;code&gt;Ева Черных&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Ева и Виктор Черных&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Виктор Петренко&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Ева и Виктор Петренко&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-12-10T00:18:19.807" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2849" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-10T10:13:02.397" Score="6" ViewCount="334" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm an absolute beginner with Russian, and am really struggling to simply pronounce some of the sounds! I remember when I learned Chinese I found a website guide on where to put my tongue (and also how far back in the mouth/throat to make the sound), which turned out to be incredibly useful. Does anyone know of something similar for Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2254" LastActivityDate="2019-11-07T22:04:24.333" Title="Where do I put my tongue?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-11-08T08:52:30.510" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2849" CreationDate="2013-12-10T10:56:18.923" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is detailed description for pronunciation of vowels and consonants, and also some other useful articles: &lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/index-6.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://masterrussian.com/index-6.shtml&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1305" LastActivityDate="2013-12-10T10:56:18.923" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-11-08T08:52:30.510" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2851" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2856" CreationDate="2013-12-10T11:33:08.743" Score="6" ViewCount="2933" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я еще не нашел подробную инфорнацию об этих словах, то есть я бы хотел знать, &#xA;когда надо писать слово &quot;только&quot;, и когда надо писать &quot;лишь&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли случаи, когда можно менять &quot;только&quot; на &quot;лишь&quot; (и наоборот) без потери смысла?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Заранее спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1929" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-12-10T14:01:32.323" LastActivityDate="2016-07-30T06:24:35.760" Title="Какая разница между лишь и только?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2852" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2851" CreationDate="2013-12-10T12:54:54.960" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я зашел сюда случайно и, если я правильно понял, это вопрос человека, который учит русский язык. Я русский.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Постараюсь ответить.&#xA;Разницы между &quot;только&quot; и &quot;лишь&quot; особой нет, но &quot;лишь&quot; употребляется реже. Если не знаете, что употреблять, говорите &quot;только&quot;, хотя в любом случае это, скорее всего, будет нормально звучать.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Пример:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я знаю только русский язык.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я знаю лишь русский язык.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оба варианта нормально звучат.  (Примера неправильного употребления не смог придумать)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Также есть союз &quot;лишь только&quot;, означающий &quot;как только&quot;, &quot;сразу после того, как&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он начинал трепетать, лишь только она появлялась.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2256" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-12-10T12:59:50.153" LastActivityDate="2013-12-10T12:59:50.153" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2853" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-10T15:09:14.597" Score="0" ViewCount="755" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the wiki page for the Russian hockey player Evgeni Malkin, it says that he used to text &quot;$&quot; to agree to an invitation and &quot;da&quot; to decline. It is uncited, so I can't check the original interview. Is this likely to be true? I thought 'Da' mean yes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Wiki section in question:&#xA;&quot;There are several stories in which teammates would text Malkin to go out to dinner and his responses would be &quot;Da&quot; or &quot;$&quot;. The teammates had no idea what those responses meant, but when Malkin replied with &quot;$&quot; he would be at dinner and when he replied &quot;Da&quot; he would not show up. They surmised the $ meant yes and the Da meant no.&quot;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evgeni_Malkin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evgeni_Malkin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2258" LastActivityDate="2013-12-16T11:21:42.363" Title="Russian texting shorthand for yes and no" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2853" CreationDate="2013-12-10T15:45:55.790" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Malkin's friends say he is charming and funny, and the English is coming, slowly.  His buddies and teammates used to chuckle at his replies to their texts, which would usually consist of nothing but a &quot;K&quot;, a &quot;$&quot;(they have no idea what that meant), or a &quot;Da&quot;, the Russian word for yes.  Now, there are actual words in complete sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tsn.ca/columnists/james_duthie/?id=272375&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.tsn.ca/columnists/james_duthie/?id=272375&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also have absolutely no idea what &quot;$&quot; means. Short on cash? :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2013-12-10T15:45:55.790" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2853" CreationDate="2013-12-10T17:16:54.097" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian language you can use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;yes = ага, угу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;no = не&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="582" LastActivityDate="2013-12-10T17:16:54.097" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2851" CreationDate="2013-12-10T17:50:32.477" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Предлог &quot;лишь&quot; подчеркивает малость, незначительность. Предлог &quot;только&quot; не имеет такой окраски.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пропускать только посетителей с билетами!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь использование предлога &quot;лишь&quot; недопустимо, поскольку посетителей с билетами может быть много.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Летать только на исправных самолётах.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Аналогично. Исправных самолётов может быть больше, чем неисправных, поэтому &quot;лишь&quot; недопустимо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Они принимают заявления только на испанском языке.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Говорящий констатирует факт и обращает внимание на необходимость перевести заявление, если оно на другом языке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Они принимают заявления лишь на испанском языке.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Говорящий с сожалением подчеркивает, что количество языков, на которых можно написать заявление, мало и не соответствует ожиданиям.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-12-10T19:35:54.527" LastActivityDate="2013-12-10T19:35:54.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2857" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2805" CreationDate="2013-12-10T18:43:35.703" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не встать!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не вставать!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably the better answer here should sound on the Russian language, let me give you answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не встать! - Например, &quot;Эй Вась, Мне не встать!&quot; - это означает, что не возможно подняться. Очень тяжело. Или угроза: &quot;Тебе не встать!&quot;, это может означать, что условия будут такими, что встать ты не сможешь, имей это ввиду, даже не пытайся. Или как предупреждение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В то время как &quot;Не вставать!&quot;, это либо приказ, либо рекомендация. Т.е. то чего не стоит делать. &quot;Нельзя вставать!&quot;. Здесь &quot;НЕ&quot; может быть без ошибки заменено словом &quot;НЕЛЬЗЯ&quot;. Хотя, в предыдущем примере, тоже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В тоже время, когда я увидел заголовок вопроса, я прочитал его совершенно иначе, я не видел слова &quot;не&quot;, и восклицательного знака. &lt;code&gt;Difference between вставать and встать&lt;/code&gt; - Разнится между двумя словами встать и вставать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Встать: Я пытаюсь встать. Мне надо встать. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или приказ: &quot;Встать ! Смирно !&quot; - Типичный приказ лежащим по званию ниже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В то время как, &quot;Вставать !&quot;, более мягкая форма, но далеко не просьба. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я пытался вставать. Я пытаюсь вставать. Мне надо вставать.&#xA;Более ленивая, и в тоже время абсолютно идентичная по смысле форма одного и того же выражения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Приказ может звучать, абсолютно идентично по тону: &quot;Вставать!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Более короткая форма &quot;Встать&quot; - более резкая. Так всегда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are they exactly the same, what are the differences?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are exactly the same. Differences only in shorter little bit more sharp.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in your case. &lt;code&gt;Не встать!&lt;/code&gt;, one person signal another or his group, that &lt;strong&gt;he can not&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Не вставать!&lt;/code&gt; - One person signal another or his group, that &quot;they should not вставать!&quot; Waiting for something, or something is detected, that is why, Stop ! Do not get up !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. it can not be vice verse. One person can not signal group &quot;Не встать!&quot;, to stop them from standing up. It will mean &quot;I can not get up !&quot;. Or &quot;Here, is not possible to standing up !&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And again &quot;Не вставать !&quot;, can not be used to self. It is broadcast. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2259" LastEditorUserId="2259" LastEditDate="2013-12-10T18:54:52.837" LastActivityDate="2013-12-10T18:54:52.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="94" CreationDate="2013-12-10T19:15:16.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you replace your request&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я голоден.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня голод.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Than &lt;code&gt;thirsty&lt;/code&gt; will be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня жажда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Philip Seyfi noticed: &lt;code&gt;жажден&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;archaic and almost never used.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я жажден.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nobody use this sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2259" LastActivityDate="2013-12-10T19:15:16.453" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2859" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-10T20:41:52.860" Score="7" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would probably translate «stream cipher» as «потоковый шифр», от слова «поток», но на wikipedia статья почему-то называется &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80&quot;&gt;«поточный шифр»&lt;/a&gt;, хотя в содержании часто встречается словосочетание «потоковые шифры».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the deal here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as Google goes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;потоковый шифр — 167.000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;поточный шифр — 53.800&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, an exact search is exactly the opposite:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;поточный шифр&quot; — 26.000&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;потоковый шифр&quot; — 11.600&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1665" LastActivityDate="2013-12-12T14:20:39.750" Title="«stream cipher» — «потоковый шифр» или «поточный»?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2847" CreationDate="2013-12-11T04:10:52.600" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using first name + patronimic for each of them is the normal polite way to address a Russian couple, whether you're writing in English or in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &quot;Dear Olga Petrovna &amp;amp; Viktor Vladimirovich&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your own example sounds very official, government-like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2244" LastActivityDate="2013-12-11T04:10:52.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2859" CreationDate="2013-12-11T09:49:32.293" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've checked several Russian crypto books, they use both, sometimes within the same chapter. There is no discernible difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2244" LastActivityDate="2013-12-11T09:49:32.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2863" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-11T21:20:23.653" Score="7" ViewCount="2702" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it the same as &quot;приятное с полезным&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="99" LastEditorUserId="153" LastEditDate="2013-12-21T13:40:48.803" LastActivityDate="2017-02-11T13:54:09.543" Title="Mixing business with pleasure" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2863" CreationDate="2013-12-12T08:20:16.067" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not quite the same. In English-speaking world this phrase is used to describe a situation when a person actually combines his working activities and enjoyment, often with a detriment to productivity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;mix business with pleasure&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt; to combine work with social activities or&#xA;  enjoyment (usually negative) &lt;em&gt;Let's keep this relationship strictly&#xA;  professional. I prefer not to mix business with pleasure&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Source: Cambridge Idioms Dictionary, 2nd ed. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2006]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While in English this idiom is usually used in a negative sense, Russian phrase &lt;code&gt;совмещать приятное с полезным&lt;/code&gt; in most cases is positive and means &quot;to organize useful activities in such a way so you can enjoy it&quot;. Useful activities also include studying, sport, healthcare etc. Also, from my observations, Russians not so often have the stereotype that work/business must not be enjoyable to a person who does it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;em&gt;in most cases&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;to mix business with pleasure&lt;/strong&gt; - get pleasure &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;instead&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; of working&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;совмещать приятное с полезным&lt;/strong&gt; - get pleasure &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;from&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; your job/business/any other useful activity&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the translation &lt;code&gt;совмещать приятное с полезным&lt;/code&gt; can be sometimes used for this phrase, although for most cases you should prefer something like &lt;code&gt;совмещать работу и развлечения&lt;/code&gt;, which has more negative connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the contrary, if you are translating to English, you may try verbatim translation &lt;code&gt;to combine useful and pleasant&lt;/code&gt;. It's not a common phrase, but it is grammatically correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1305" LastEditorUserId="1305" LastEditDate="2013-12-12T21:47:55.743" LastActivityDate="2013-12-12T21:47:55.743" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2865" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2867" CreationDate="2013-12-12T13:14:59.563" Score="4" ViewCount="479" Body="&lt;p&gt;Что значит слово “перепсто” и как мы его используем?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user2268" LastEditorDisplayName="user2268" LastEditDate="2013-12-12T14:12:12.540" LastActivityDate="2013-12-13T17:05:26.467" Title="Значение слова “перепсто”" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2859" CreationDate="2013-12-12T13:54:33.407" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was a word &lt;code&gt;поточный&lt;/code&gt; in the past (&lt;code&gt;поточное производство&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;поточная линия&lt;/code&gt;): see &lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;slovari.yandex.ru&lt;/a&gt;. And there was no word &lt;code&gt;потоковый&lt;/code&gt;, it is a neologism, but quite popular. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/ngram.xml?mode=main&amp;amp;t1=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5&amp;amp;t2=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5&amp;amp;start=1940&amp;amp;end=2013&amp;amp;smoothing=3#toggle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this distribution&lt;/a&gt; from RusCorpora.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would force using older form, but it's up to you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastEditorUserId="1958" LastEditDate="2013-12-12T14:20:39.750" LastActivityDate="2013-12-12T14:20:39.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2867" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2865" CreationDate="2013-12-12T14:07:55.347" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Перепсто&lt;/code&gt; comes from the word &lt;code&gt;псто&lt;/code&gt;, which is a misspell of the word &lt;code&gt;пост&lt;/code&gt; (post). The origin of the misspell is, probably, the typical mistake when a person mixes up the neighboring letters while typing. So, &lt;code&gt;перепсто&lt;/code&gt; with its spelling normalized should look like &lt;code&gt;перепоcт&lt;/code&gt;, which means &quot;re-post&quot;, and is used the same way as its normalized variant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-12-12T14:07:55.347" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2863" CreationDate="2013-12-13T17:00:33.197" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;а чем не устраивает &quot;mixes business with pleasure&quot;? Вот например &lt;a href=&quot;http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/mix+business+with+pleasure&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/mix+business+with+pleasure&lt;/a&gt;  такое упоминает.&#xA;А приятное с полезным это примерно о том же идиома, хоть и не дословно. Но, позвольте, она и не обязана быть дословной калькой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2275" LastActivityDate="2013-12-13T17:00:33.197" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1690" CreationDate="2013-12-13T18:10:35.907" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ввести — это еще половина проблемы. Лично я предпочитаю использовать для этого composing sequence из двух обратных апострофов (`) на QWERTY и соответственно двух знаков «ё» на ЙЦУКЕН. Для чего пользователю Иксов, у которого composing уже настроен, достаточно прописать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;Multi_key&amp;gt; &amp;lt;grave&amp;gt; &amp;lt;grave&amp;gt; : &quot;́&quot; U0301 # COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT&#xA;&amp;lt;Multi_key&amp;gt; &amp;lt;Cyrillic_io&amp;gt; &amp;lt;Cyrillic_io&amp;gt; : &quot;́&quot; U0301 # COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в &lt;code&gt;~/.XCompose&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теперь, начав использовать знак ударения, он столкнется с тем, что:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ни в одной однобайтовой кодировке для русского языка (CP-1251, КОИ-8) его нет. Да, однобайтовые кодировки умирают, но кое-где до сих пор держаться.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В некоторых шрифтах его тоже нет. Например, в микрософтской Georgia. И хорошо, если fallback font окажется хотя бы немного нее похожим.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В некоторых шрифтах он есть так, что лучше бы не было. Например, в микрософтовской же Verdana — одним из самых популярных шрифтов Интернета. В ней знак ударения смещается на букву вправо:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/oTFQQt0.png&quot; alt=&quot;Verdana&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Даже не стоит пытаться расставлять ударения в тексте, который будут читать моноширным шрифтом. Будет что-нибудь из этого:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/6d8gFbj.png&quot; alt=&quot;Mono&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что, боюсь, еще не скоро знак ударения будет поджидать судьба точек над «ё» — превращение из графического элемента, характерного разве что для детских книжек, в используемый повсеместно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastActivityDate="2013-12-13T18:10:35.907" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2873" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-14T20:52:14.733" Score="11" ViewCount="332" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure what part of speech 'на!' is when used in the meaning of 'take!'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2013-12-14T21:32:18.420" LastActivityDate="2013-12-18T20:18:26.130" Title="What part of speech is 'на!' when used for 'take!'?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2873" CreationDate="2013-12-14T22:32:28.620" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is междометие (interjection).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-12-14T22:32:28.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2873" CreationDate="2013-12-15T13:56:56.527" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you use &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; like &lt;code&gt;take&lt;/code&gt;, it is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; an interjection &lt;code&gt;&quot;междометие&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, and of course it is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; a verb &lt;code&gt;&quot;глагол&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, it's a particle &lt;code&gt;&quot;частица&quot;&lt;/code&gt; (colloquial).&#xA;Prooflink: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%ED%E0&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%ED%E0&amp;amp;all=x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2279" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-12-15T14:12:17.743" LastActivityDate="2013-12-15T14:12:17.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2877" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2886" CreationDate="2013-12-16T06:44:01.867" Score="9" ViewCount="261" Body="&lt;p&gt;Certain nouns that decline like adjectives are adjectival nouns where it is standard to suppress the noun, e.g. &lt;code&gt;ванная&lt;/code&gt; is short for &lt;code&gt;ванная комната&lt;/code&gt;, and it is not too hard to guess what the implicit noun is (if, say, one is an English speaker). On the other hand, in &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/996&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt; KCd asked what implicit noun &lt;code&gt;запятая&lt;/code&gt; modifies, and the answer seems to be, in modern Russian, nothing. Today I came across the word &lt;code&gt;набережная&lt;/code&gt; and I am wondering the same question about it: is there an implicit noun that it modifies, and if so, what is it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that a difference between &lt;code&gt;ванная&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;запятая&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;набережная&lt;/code&gt; is that &lt;code&gt;ванная&lt;/code&gt; can be used as an adjective, whereas &lt;code&gt;запятая&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;набережная&lt;/code&gt; can only be used as nouns. Is it the case that nouns that decline like adjectives but cannot be used as adjectives simply have no implicit noun in modern Russian?  If this is not the case, what way is there to figure out what the implicit noun is? (And also for adjectival nouns in general.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also suggested in a reply to the same question of KCd that &lt;code&gt;запятая&lt;/code&gt; is closer to an adverb than to an adjective.  It feels to me (from the point of view of an absolute novice) that the same is the case for &lt;code&gt;набережная&lt;/code&gt;—might it be the case that nouns that decline like adjectives but are closer to adverbs than adjectives do not have implicit nouns (if, indeed, they do not) because there was nothing for them to modify historically?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One other thing I do not understand is that &lt;a href=&quot;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/morphque.cgi?flags=kndnnnn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this morphological analysis tool&lt;/a&gt; only gives plural declensions for &lt;code&gt;запятая&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;набережная&lt;/code&gt;: what happened to the singular declensions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2191" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2017-12-17T21:38:39.347" Title="How can one figure out if there is an implicit noun for a noun that declines like an adjective, and if so, what it is?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="12" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2853" CreationDate="2013-12-16T11:21:42.363" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, while there are other words for &quot;да&quot; and &quot;нет&quot;, I don't see how you can find any shorthand for words that are already 2/3 letters long short of writing д/н or +/-.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Malkin's behavior you've mentioned have nothing to do with Russian language and is some kind of his own peculiarity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="235" LastActivityDate="2013-12-16T11:21:42.363" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2879" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-16T16:04:36.687" Score="1" ViewCount="321" Body="&lt;p&gt;Помогите перевести &quot;Bit-Plane Encoder&quot; в этом предложении:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The compressor consists of two functional parts, depicted in figure&#xA;  2-1, a Discrete Wavelet Transform module that performs decorrelation,&#xA;  described in section 3, and a Bit-Plane Encoder which encodes the&#xA;  decorrelated data, described in section 4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Контекст можно посмотреть &lt;a href=&quot;http://public.ccsds.org/publications/archive/122x0b1c3.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;здесь&lt;/a&gt;, мое предложение находится в конце страницы 2-1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Последнее слово (&quot;Encoder&quot;) для меня понятно - это кодирующее устройство. А вот &quot;Bit-Plane&quot; для меня не ясно. Спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2293" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:34:16.583" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T12:34:16.583" Title="Перевод Bit-Plane Encoder" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;информатика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2880" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2881" CreationDate="2013-12-17T11:53:10.897" Score="5" ViewCount="281" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do both of them imply killing? Is it possible to &quot;пролить кровь&quot; of somebody, but not take his life?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2013-12-17T22:04:36.927" Title="Do &quot;пролить кровь&quot; and &quot;лишить жизни&quot; mean the same in Russian?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2880" CreationDate="2013-12-17T12:14:44.643" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лишить жизни&lt;/em&gt;, by its meaning, always means &lt;em&gt;to kill&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of the times, &lt;em&gt;пролить кровь&lt;/em&gt; means the same thing, however it may also mean &lt;em&gt;to inflict serious wounds&lt;/em&gt;.  There is also version &lt;em&gt;пролить свою кровь&lt;/em&gt;, which may mean &lt;em&gt;to suffer&lt;/em&gt; (without necessarily dying). For example, &lt;em&gt;Я за это кровь проливал&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's an article on &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;, which has a mention of this meaning, yet it doesn't provide any examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; A couple of people pointed out in comments a phrase like &lt;em&gt;Я за таких как ты кровь проливал&lt;/em&gt; - this is indeed a very good example that just didn't come to my mind when I was writing the answer.  I'm removing the reference to 'rare usage'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-12-17T22:04:36.927" LastActivityDate="2013-12-17T22:04:36.927" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2880" CreationDate="2013-12-17T14:16:02.660" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;These expressions actually translate into English quite well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;лишить жизни -- to take (someone's) life&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пролить кровь -- to shed (one's) blood&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just as &quot;to take a life&quot;, &quot;лишить жизни&quot; necessarily means &quot;to kill&quot;. On the other hand, &quot;to shed blood&quot; and &quot;пролить/проливать кровь&quot; means &quot;to fight for something&quot;, but does not necessarily imply dying. It can also mean &quot;to cause harm to somebody&quot;, as in &quot;to shed blood of innocent people&quot;.  In this case it usually does imply killing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2013-12-17T17:10:50.407" LastActivityDate="2013-12-17T17:10:50.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2877" CreationDate="2013-12-18T13:58:58.590" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not clear to me why would you need to find this implicit noun, but looks like the most reliable source here is the history of the word usage. Currently the most convenient one is &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruscorpora.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian National Corpus&lt;/a&gt;. Explanatory dictionary can also give a hint, but this is not as reliable as the historic documents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the time goes by and nobody uses the &amp;quot;implicit noun&amp;quot; anymore, the word itself may change and the original noun that accompanied it may no longer go well with this &amp;quot;new noun&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, in some cities people use &amp;quot;парадная&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;парадное&amp;quot; as a synonym for &amp;quot;подъезд&amp;quot;. Explanatory dictionary defines it as &amp;quot;парадный вход&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пара́дное&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;ср. разг.; = пара́дная&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Парадный вход.&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Толковый словарь Ефремовой. Т. Ф. Ефремова. 2000.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But why &amp;quot;вход&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;парадная/парадное&amp;quot;? The possible implicit nouns are &amp;quot;парадная лестница&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;парадное крыльцо&amp;quot;. But is it so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another option here is that &amp;quot;парадная&amp;quot; is created to line up with other parts of the house: прихожая, передняя, гостиная, детская, людская etc. And here we have another idea - that the nouns that were created from adjectives may create a new template for the words that describe areas inside the building. For instance - бойлерная, прачечная, электрощитовая, серверная, переговорная, игровая, etc. While &amp;quot;переговорная&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;серверная&amp;quot; may imply &amp;quot;комната&amp;quot;, but бойлерная and прачечная now usually are separate buildings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the words that may be used with or without their nouns - usually they are accompanied with nouns in the official language, but used separately in colloquial speech: &lt;strong&gt;справочная&lt;/strong&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;справочная служба&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;окружная&lt;/strong&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;окружная дорога&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your examples - &lt;strong&gt;запятая&lt;/strong&gt; is in fact borrowed from Church Slavonic, so it is always been a noun in Russian, and as such bears no &amp;quot;implied noun&amp;quot; at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ванная&lt;/strong&gt; can still be used as &amp;quot;ванная комната&amp;quot; (see National Corpus). There is also душевая by the way, but душевая комната is much rarer than ванная комната.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;strong&gt;набережная&lt;/strong&gt; - we can found traces of its usage as &amp;quot;набережная улица&amp;quot; in National Corpus, but in fact it is used only separately after 1800, so many people does not associate набережная with улица any more:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Каменная Набережная Линия&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Набережная Николская Улица&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Кикины Полаты Набережные&amp;quot; [А. И. Богданов. Описание Санктпетербурга (1751)].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Мы въехали в набережную улицу ― и я вспомнил берег Невы. [Н. М. Карамзин. Письма русского путешественника (1793)]&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-12-18T13:58:58.590" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2887" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-18T19:36:54.010" Score="2" ViewCount="392" Body="&lt;p&gt;I mean something like &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faux_Cyrillic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;faux Cyrillic&lt;/a&gt;, but the other way round.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user2268" LastEditorDisplayName="user2268" LastEditDate="2013-12-19T21:40:50.193" LastActivityDate="2013-12-19T21:40:50.193" Title="Cyrillic fonts imitating the look of other writing systems (e.g. Latin, Arabic)" Tags="&lt;typography&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2013-12-18T20:02:32.993" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2873" CreationDate="2013-12-18T20:18:26.130" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is interjection (Междометие) &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0#.D0.BD.D0.B0_II&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0#.D0.BD.D0.B0_II&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="506" LastActivityDate="2013-12-18T20:18:26.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2890" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-19T14:40:58.690" Score="3" ViewCount="218" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the products the labels sometimes say &quot;Не содержит кофеин&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.confetea.ru/?good_id=716&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ref1&lt;/a&gt; (accusative), and sometimes &quot;Не содержит кофеина&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pushinka34.com/shop/tsikorij/tsikorij-poroshkoobraznyj-zip-upakovka-detail&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ref2&lt;/a&gt; (genitive) (both meaning &quot;No caffeine present&quot;). Which one is correct? (On references see the images themselves).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you make it a positive statement &quot;Содержит кофеин&quot; (accusative), then you will no longer be able to construct a genitive phrase that is correct but still uses the verb. However, if you say &quot;Нет кофеина&quot; or &quot;Без кофеина&quot;, then it's always genitive, but that is clearly a different grammatical structure, so it is not possible to generalise from these.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. You can use it with other nouns as well, I've selected caffeine just to talk about something concrete. It could just as well be &quot;Не содержит сахар/сахара&quot; (&quot;No sugar present&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2013-12-19T21:08:51.790" LastActivityDate="2014-01-01T22:58:26.103" Title="Is it accusative or genitive for the noun after &quot;Не содержит&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2014-02-07T15:05:39.420" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2890" CreationDate="2013-12-19T20:03:05.917" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think It was already answered. You most likely use accusative when in English you would use definite article and Genitive when you would use indefinite article (or the word &quot;any&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-12-19T20:03:05.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2892" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2893" CreationDate="2013-12-20T04:17:07.383" Score="12" ViewCount="1723" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between зачем? and почему?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2314" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-12-20T04:59:37.727" LastActivityDate="2013-12-20T14:48:30.943" Title="Зачем и Почему. The difference" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2892" CreationDate="2013-12-20T04:54:30.023" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Зачем?&lt;/code&gt; is a question about the purpose (&quot;what for?&quot;) and &lt;code&gt;почему?&lt;/code&gt; is a question about the cause (&quot;why?&quot;, &quot;because of what?&quot;). The next two sentences can both be translated &quot;Why have you come?&quot;, but they have the shades of meaning which illustrate the meaning of &lt;code&gt;зачем?&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;почему?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Зачем ты пришёл?&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;What are you expecting to find (hear, see, etc.) here?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Почему ты пришёл?&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;What made you come here?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes this difference gets too slight and can be neglected, especially in the colloquial speech, the two words can be used interchangeably. But there are some contexts when they cannot be substituted with each other. When you ask what a thing is used for, only &lt;code&gt;зачем?&lt;/code&gt; must be used, like &lt;code&gt;Зачем нужна эта кнопка?&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;What is this button used for?&quot;). &lt;code&gt;Зачем?&lt;/code&gt; cannot be used when asking about some actions that have no purpose, like crying, dying, sitting, etc., only &lt;code&gt;почему?&lt;/code&gt; can be used in such questions, like &lt;code&gt;Почему ты плачешь?&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;Why are you crying?&quot;). Still, sometimes the context can be weird and somebody is crying on purpose and is being asked about that, but that is a rare case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2013-12-20T14:48:30.943" LastActivityDate="2013-12-20T14:48:30.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2895" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-20T17:33:59.620" Score="2" ViewCount="371" Body="&lt;p&gt;Он чем-нибудь отличается от стандартного русского языка?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user2268" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2018-06-25T08:54:56.013" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T08:54:56.013" Title="Русский язык в Калининградской области (отличия)" Tags="&lt;диалект&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2895" CreationDate="2013-12-20T23:34:45.703" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You assumption is basically wrong. First of all, Kaliningrad Oblast is not that isolated. I'm talking not only about some obvious things like common media space which drastically reduces dialectal differences all over the world. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is that nowadays in modern Russian there's no such thing like full-fledged dialects - with separate pronunciation norm, grammar and vocabulary. There are some differences, for example, people from Ural have a subtly different pronunciation norm which is very hard to mimic to a speaker from other parts of the country. The same is true about some other regions (not all of them). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this is by no means close to the dialectal differences in, say, French, German or Italian. You are from Poland, I have (very little) knowledge of Polish and, as far as I understand, even in Poland there are some well established dialects, but, once again, there's no such thing in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, basically, when we are talking about regional differences in modern Russian, in most cases we can speak about few regional-specific words (as @YellowSky) had already mentioned. It is claimed that there &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.lingvo.ru/actualthread.aspx?tid=115403&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;are such words&lt;/a&gt; in Kaliningrad. &#xA;But these words are not about something crucial and are not used in an everyday life though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2013-12-20T23:34:45.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2897" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-21T08:51:36.737" Score="6" ViewCount="381" Body="&lt;p&gt;Did &lt;em&gt;биток&lt;/em&gt; always only exist in the context of the idiom &quot;битком набиты&quot;, or was it a &quot;perfectly valid noun in its own right&quot; at some point in the past?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="153" LastActivityDate="2019-09-29T20:04:10.070" Title="&quot;Битком набиты&quot; — was &quot;биток&quot; actually a noun at some time?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2898" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-21T08:59:23.313" Score="3" ViewCount="131" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a thumb rule for when to capitalize &lt;em&gt;Родина&lt;/em&gt;? Or is it just a free-for-all poetic-license type of thing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For lack of a better example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Родина, еду я на Родину,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Пусть кричат — &quot;уродина!&quot;,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  А она нам нравится,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Хоть и не красавица.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should it be capitalized here? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And again, this is just an example. Is there a general rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="153" LastActivityDate="2013-12-25T16:45:13.090" Title="When should &quot;родина&quot; be capitalized?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2899" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-21T09:09:36.607" Score="4" ViewCount="281" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any guidelines on using &lt;em&gt;Расея&lt;/em&gt; over &lt;em&gt;Россия&lt;/em&gt;? Is the former archaic or comical? Grandiloquent, ridiculous? Something else? Was it perhaps the actual official name of the country at some point in the past?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a bonus, do both come from Old Church Slavonic?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="153" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T17:21:07.440" Title="Connotation of the spelling &quot;Расея&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;toponyms&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2897" CreationDate="2013-12-21T10:57:48.347" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Though the word &lt;strong&gt;Биток&lt;/strong&gt; exists as a separate word (see below), this particular saying (набить битком) is similar to others like &quot;бежать бегом&quot; &quot;сидеть сиднем&quot;, &quot;волочь волоком&quot; (see more details &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/1868/551&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This form of word is tautological enforcement of the idea of packing something very tightly. &quot;Бежать бегом&quot; means &quot;run very fast&quot;, &quot;сидеть сиднем&quot; - sit without moving, &quot;волочь волоком&quot; - drag something very heavy without any other possible option to move it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below is a meaning of the word Биток itself, but all these meanings have nothing to do with your original saying:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бито́к&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I м. разг.&#xA;  Небольшая круглая котлета из рубленого мяса; биточек.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  II м. разг.&#xA;  Предмет (палка, бабка и т.п.), которым бьют при игре в городки, бабки и т.п.;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2013-12-21T11:05:24.847" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2899" CreationDate="2013-12-21T11:18:43.680" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Расея is a &quot;lower class&quot; equivalent of Россия (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/michelson_new/8930/%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually when someone uses this word he or she means that something that happened, or some idea, or the way the person behaves is because of &quot;backwoods mentality&quot; - the way people act or think in rural areas: &quot;Эх, Расея!&quot; as opposed to modern ways of doing things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word form is imitating the way the people in some provinces speak. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for origins of the word, &lt;a href=&quot;http://fasmer-dictionary.info/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0/568/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;according to Vasmer&lt;/a&gt; the first occurense of the word is dated 1517. Before that time the word Русь was used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word Русь dates back to 9 century, and has Scandinavian origins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-12-21T11:30:01.957" LastActivityDate="2013-12-21T11:30:01.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2898" CreationDate="2013-12-21T11:35:05.530" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Formally speaking, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rosental-book.ru/ortho_iii.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Справочник по правописанию и стилистике&lt;/a&gt; (§ 28. Условные имена собственные) says that such words as Родина, Отчизна, Человек, Вера are capitalized in a special stylistic use. An example of &quot;special stylistic use&quot; is &lt;a href=&quot;http://stylistics.academic.ru/17/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Высокий стиль&lt;/a&gt; which implies that a text has some ceremonial, dramatic, theatrical color.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the word Родина is capitalized when author wants to emphasize patriotic feelings, colorize the word and give to it characteristics of a proper noun (e.g. &quot;Они сражались за Родину.&quot;, &quot;Я люблю свою Родину!&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not capitalized when author gives no special color to the word and just means &quot;a place where I was born&quot; (e.g. &quot;моя родина - Волгоград&quot; - means just &quot;I was born in Volgograd&quot;). In this case the word родина is a common noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it is not a strict rule. It is more about how author expresses his feelings. Some patriotic people always write Родина capitalized in any context, some people make difference between Родина (my country) and родина (a place where I was born), and some intentionally don't capitalize родина in all cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2312" LastEditorUserId="1147" LastEditDate="2013-12-25T16:45:13.090" LastActivityDate="2013-12-25T16:45:13.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2898" CreationDate="2013-12-21T11:36:20.747" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is capitalized when person who writes it uses it has strong patriotic feelings about his/her country. The word may also mean just the geographic place where someone was born, and if the patriotic context is not emphasized the word is written non-capitalized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, in Soviet movie &quot;Garage&quot; one of the characters says &quot;А я за гараж Родину продал&quot;. An then it turns out that the &quot;родина&quot; he meant was a house in a village where he was born as a child.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is interesting that in Ushakov's dictionary, published in Soviet times, examples for родина use non-capitalized letter and Советский is usually capitalized:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;РО́ДИНА&lt;/strong&gt;, родины, жен.&#xA;  1. Отечество; страна, в которой человек родился и гражданином которой он состоит. «Мы любим свой язык и свою родину…» Ленин. Защищать родину. Весь Советский народ любит свою социалистическую родину и защищает ее грудью от всех посягательств. Советский Союз - вторая родина трудящихся и угнетенных всего мира.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  || «Готовил родине ты честных сыновей.» Некрасов. «О, родина святая, какое сердце не дрожит, тебя благословляя?» Жуковский. Тоска по родине.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  || Место рождения кого-нибудь. Родина Ломоносова - деревня Денисовка близ Холмогор.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  || перен. Место зарождения, происхождения чего-нибудь. Родина картофеля - Америка.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2. перен. Место возникновения чего-нибудь. Советский Союз - родина социалистической революции.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see from the examples the word родина may even mean the geographical origin of anything, from potatoes to a Communism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2013-12-21T11:45:49.017" LastActivityDate="2013-12-21T11:45:49.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2904" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-21T11:56:26.283" Score="5" ViewCount="343" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was a child in a Russian school, &lt;em&gt;склизкий&lt;/em&gt; was sort of &lt;em&gt;the&lt;/em&gt; textbook example of a dialectal variation. We always found it very peculiar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dal gives this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;СКОЛЬЗИТЬ, скользнуть, скалзывать; или &lt;strong&gt;склизнуть, склизнуть&lt;/strong&gt;; пск. слизгать, &lt;strong&gt;новг. склёзить&lt;/strong&gt;, подвигаться по гладкому, как санный полоз, волоком или трением. Колесо катится, а полоз скользит. Верхний пласт земли скользит по наклонному глиняному пласту. И гусь скользит по гладкому льду. Старик скользнул на лощеном полу, и расшибся, поскользнулся и упал. В гололедицу и лошадь скользит. Скользиться, или скользать, сколзать, —ся, или &lt;strong&gt;новг. склезать и —ся&lt;/strong&gt;, скользить с разбегу по льду, как ребятишки тешатся. Пойдем на лед, сколзать! Сколзанка, новг. склёзанка, чистое место на льду, где ребятишки сколзаются. Скользель, и пск. сковзель, сколзанка, гнездалка, ледяная горушка. Скользкий (хлеско, нареч.) &lt;strong&gt;вост. склезкий, сев. новг. склизкий, слизкий, южн. слезкий&lt;/strong&gt; зап. глёздкий и хлёский, гладкий, не дающий упору ногам и рукам, на чем скользишь, что скользит из рук; гладкий, и притом мокрый, жирный, или покрытый слизью;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Etc., emphasis mine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, this quote is from like 150 years ago. And it's been a while since my school time, too. Fast forward twenty years or so, I've never actually encountered &lt;em&gt;склизкий&lt;/em&gt; in the wild. Not once. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this variation still used in the Novdorod dialect? Or other dialects, even? Can you cite any recent sightings of it in the wild? Or has it just died out for good, never to return? (If so, when?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="153" LastEditorUserId="153" LastEditDate="2013-12-21T12:26:01.703" LastActivityDate="2017-03-12T15:17:42.397" Title="Is &quot;склизкий&quot; still alive and doing well?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;диалект&gt;&lt;metathesis&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2906" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-21T12:20:32.953" Score="4" ViewCount="324" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am sure you've come across these word pairings before:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;город&lt;/em&gt; — &lt;em&gt;град&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;смород&lt;/em&gt; — &lt;em&gt;смрад&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;скользкий&lt;/em&gt; — &lt;em&gt;склизкий&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;ворота&lt;/em&gt; — &lt;em&gt;врата&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;ворон&lt;/em&gt; — &lt;em&gt;враний&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;ворог&lt;/em&gt; — &lt;em&gt;враг&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;холод&lt;/em&gt; — &lt;em&gt;хлад&lt;/em&gt; (cf. &lt;em&gt;хладнокровный&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and so on and so forth&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You know you can easily add dozens of examples yourself, off the top of your head.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, the way I overheard it somewhere (perhaps in grade school), the &lt;em&gt;град, смрад, вран-, врат-&lt;/em&gt; etc. variants all come from Old Church Slavonic, while the &lt;em&gt;город, ворот, ворон&lt;/em&gt; etc. are &quot;proper Modern Russian&quot;, for lack of a better description. And as I said, there are literally dozens if not hundreds of other examples. There is really an obvious pattern here. And by the looks of it, it's &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metathesis_%28linguistics%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;metathesis&lt;/a&gt; at work. And by the looks of it, the Old Church Slavonic variant is almost always the more &quot;formal&quot;, &quot;literary&quot;, &quot;elevated&quot;, poetic one, while the other variants are more colloquial, down-to-earth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would that be? What is the reason behind so many Russian words having been &quot;metathesized&quot; vs. their Old Church Slavonic equivalents, getting that more &quot;elevated&quot; poetic version? Did that happen gradually? Or did the variations sort of develop in parallel over time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I must say I've never encountered anything quite like this before in any other language I'm remotely familiar with. I'd be most grateful if you could point me to any research on this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="153" LastEditorUserId="153" LastEditDate="2013-12-21T12:27:17.617" LastActivityDate="2013-12-21T14:37:24.083" Title="&quot;Город, смород&quot; vs. &quot;град, смрад&quot; — is there any rhyme and reason behind all the metatheses of Modern Russian vs. Old Church Slavonic?" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;диалект&gt;&lt;metathesis&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2904" CreationDate="2013-12-21T12:21:30.000" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the склизкий is still doing fine. It is not used very often, however mostly you can hear it when talking about a fish or a frog (last two lines of your example). Here whats &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%F1%EA%EB%E8%E7%EA%E8%E9&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;search in National Corpus&lt;/a&gt; gives:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пал Палыч начал чувствовать в груди противную дрожь, как будто холодная &lt;strong&gt;склизкая&lt;/strong&gt; толстая жаба забралась прямо в душу. [Олег Павлов. Карагандинские девятины, или Повесть последних дней // «Октябрь», 2001]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;тёплых, солёных вод, в которых плавали &lt;strong&gt;склизкие&lt;/strong&gt; медузы... [Алексей Варламов. Купавна // «Новый Мир», 2000]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И нащупывалось что-то ещё, &lt;strong&gt;склизкое&lt;/strong&gt;, хитрое, уходящее из пальцев, но что это ― он уловить пока не мог, только чувствовал. [Ю. О. Домбровский. Факультет ненужных вещей, часть 2 (1978)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Прекрасная золотая рыбка на ощупь оказалась какой-то &lt;strong&gt;склизкой&lt;/strong&gt; гадостью. [Михаил Шишкин. Письмовник (2009) // «Знамя», 2010]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-12-21T12:21:30.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2906" CreationDate="2013-12-21T14:37:24.083" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The words with &lt;code&gt;-оло- / -оро- / -ере- / -ело-&lt;/code&gt; are typical of the East Slavic languages, not only of Russian, but also of Ukrainian and Belarusian. That phenomenon is called &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;полногласие&lt;/a&gt;&quot; (pleophony). It is a characteristic feature of the Eastern Slavic languages, West and South Slavic languages don't have that. In the South Slavic languages (Old Church Slavonic (OCS) is one of them) these pleophonic sound combinations correspond to &lt;code&gt;-ра- / -ла- / -ре- / -ле-&lt;/code&gt; which can be seen in the right part of you word list, the words in the right part are &lt;em&gt;borrowings from OCS&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The words of the OCS origin are more elevated because OCS had always a higher, more spiritual, more learned, more official status, it was associated with the church, literature, learning, government, while Russian was a colloquial, spoken language lacking that prestige.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the metathesis, it would be a mistake to think that the original form of those words is the way they sound in OCS, and they simply got transformed in Russian. The point is, the Proto-Slavic sound combinations *TorT, *TolT, *TerT, *TelT (&quot;T&quot; means any consonant) developed into different sound combinations in different Slavic dialects of those times, giving the pleophonic sequences in East Slavic languages, and &lt;code&gt;-ра- / -ла-&lt;/code&gt; etc., in South Slavic. In other words, Russian and OCS are sister languages, in those words their mother language,  Proto-Slavic, had sound combinations which were different from both Russian and OSC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having pairs of words in a language that have the same etymological source, but differ in a way, can be seen in lots of languages across the world. Such &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/lingvistic/400/%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;pairs&lt;/a&gt; (or even bigger groups of words) are called &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doublet_%28linguistics%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;doublets or etymological twins&lt;/a&gt;. English has very many of them. The only difference of Russian doublets is that Russian heavily borrowed words from a very closely related language, OCS, while English borrowed them from distantly related languages, although English - Old Norse doublets are very close, like &lt;em&gt;shirt&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;skirt&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-12-21T14:37:24.083" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2904" CreationDate="2013-12-21T18:53:48.120" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, склизкий, is still alive and native used. If anything have this property - it mean that if you hand touch it you'll have thin layer of softy and hydrate dirt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2319" LastActivityDate="2013-12-21T18:53:48.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2912" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2913" CreationDate="2013-12-23T03:05:12.310" Score="5" ViewCount="586" Body="&lt;p&gt;When translating a list of ingredients into Russian, I inadvertently discovered that a certain Russian swear word literally means ‘horseradish’. Since then horseradish has been mentally classified under ‘things to avoid talking about since I don’t know if I will accidentally say something offensive’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: are there any sentence constructions one should avoid using when talking about horseradish as an ingredient? &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russki-mat.net/page.php?l=RuEn&amp;amp;a=%D0%A5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This Russian-English mat and slang dictionary&lt;/a&gt; says that it is not a very strong swear word but I’m not able to judge what ‘not very strong’ means and it would be nice to be certain that I’m not saying anything offensive or that would cause people to erupt in laughter by accident. The same question for any other types of food that might be used as swear words (if there are others).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2191" LastActivityDate="2013-12-23T05:01:23.003" Title="Are there any sentence constructions to avoid when talking about the ingredient horseradish?" Tags="&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2912" CreationDate="2013-12-23T04:37:09.743" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually «хрен» is not an independent swear word (root, exactly, since we have adj. «хреновый», adv. «хреново», «дохрена», etc). It’s only an euphemism for (well known to you I think) real mat root «хуй». If you want to make your speech a little less rude, you can say e. g. «иди на хрен» instead of «иди на хуй». This is rather simple.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can’t avoid the word «хрен» when you are talking about horseradish and I believe you do not need to avoid it. Also you do not need to avoid «хреновый» in phrases like «хреновый лист», but you can say «лист хрена». Other words with root «хрен» can not be connected with horseradish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Among other food-connected swear words I can only recall the interjection «блин».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2013-12-23T05:01:23.003" LastActivityDate="2013-12-23T05:01:23.003" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2112" CreationDate="2013-12-23T05:09:53.143" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason that this is pronounced &lt;code&gt;&quot;сиводня&quot;&lt;/code&gt; is because &lt;code&gt;дня&lt;/code&gt;, meaning &lt;code&gt;day&lt;/code&gt; is part of the genitive case of &lt;code&gt;on this&lt;/code&gt; (сиво) and the rule is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;The Letter Г in the masculine and neuter genitive singular ending is pronounced like the English V&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the authoritative answer I was looking for :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1571" LastActivityDate="2013-12-23T05:09:53.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="191" CreationDate="2013-12-23T20:12:22.470" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rule says for both o and a after a non-palatalised consonant first unstressed syllable, absolute beginning and absolute end have [^] - sound similar to а but with a middle up-going like in о, whereas all the other unstressed ones have shwa: [^билиск] (for обелиск), [хəр^шо] (for хорошо) with stress on last syllable, [облəк^] (for облако) with stress in the very beginning (last a because of absolute end).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastEditorUserId="2238" LastEditDate="2014-02-15T20:05:43.833" LastActivityDate="2014-02-15T20:05:43.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2916" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-23T20:46:08.647" Score="13" ViewCount="681" Body="&lt;p&gt;I feel it is safe to say that outside of any context, &lt;em&gt;когда-то&lt;/em&gt; defaults to meaning &quot;at some point in the past&quot;, at least in the dialect I am speaking. I might even go so far as to say that that's the only meaning I use it in myself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, every once in a blue moon, I run into it being used to mean &quot;at some point in the future&quot;. And it usually immediately sticks out. Even to the point of sounding ungrammatical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm struggling to think of sample quotes right now, except for this rather famous one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Детство кончится когда-то,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ведь оно не навсегда.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Станут взрослыми ребята,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Разлетятся кто куда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, that's none other than Entin right there, so I suppose he knew full well what he was doing. When I sing it I might not even notice or care. But when reading it, and stopping to think about it, I quickly realize that I really want that &lt;em&gt;когда-то&lt;/em&gt; to be a &lt;em&gt;когда-нибудь&lt;/em&gt;. Heck, even a &lt;em&gt;когда-либо&lt;/em&gt; would be a more natural choice for me. At best, the &lt;em&gt;когда-то&lt;/em&gt; feels like a one-off poetic-license type of thing; at worst, it makes me sound like a German spy blowing his cover. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consequently, my question is: &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; this a one-off thing? Knowing the rules so you can break them? Or did I just happen to acquire a dialect where this is unusual, but other than that it is something well-attested going back hundreds of years? Perhaps even quite typical for other dialects (or registers)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would appreciate any pointers to research on the subject, or, failing that, a bunch of citations. While I mean no disrespect to Mr Entin, I'd be lying if I said that seeing this from someone of the caliber of a Lermontov or a Chekhov wouldn't be more convincing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="153" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T11:55:32.380" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T11:55:32.380" Title="Using &quot;когда-то&quot; to refer to the future" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;&lt;connotation&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2916" CreationDate="2013-12-23T23:22:12.880" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Excellent question!  &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D1%82%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; says that the usage of когда-то to mean &quot;at some point in the future&quot; is a colloquialism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A quick google search did not return any quotes from someone of the caliber of Lermontov or Chekhov, but it did find this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kulichki.com/vv/pesni/ya-kogda-to-umru.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;song&lt;/a&gt; by Vysotsky. ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now that I think about this, когда-нибудь can also mean past or future. This seems to be equivalent to &quot;at some point&quot; in English.  As in &quot;Will you do this at some point?&quot; or &quot;Have you done this at some point?&quot; I guess you just have to go by the tense of the verb here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2013-12-23T23:29:25.753" LastActivityDate="2013-12-23T23:29:25.753" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2916" CreationDate="2013-12-24T14:05:33.100" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say, the difference between когда-то and когда-нибудь is somewhat similar to the difference between definite and indefinite article. &amp;quot;Когда-нибудь&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;at some time&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;some day&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;когда-то&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;at certain time&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;one day&amp;quot;. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если много играть в эту лотерею, то когда-нибудь выиграешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you play this lottery much, you will win some day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that one can hope to win in this lottery only statistically, without solid knowledge of inevitable win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если много играть в эту лотерею, то когда-то выиграешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you play this lottery much, you will win one day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means, one can be sure that the win is inevitable not only statistically but the win is pre-determined (for example because the win is guaranteed to all players before all the tickets are spent).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наш город когда-нибудь станет крупным промышленным центром.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some day our city will become a big industrial center.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can reasonably hope that the city will become an industrial center in uncertain future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наш город когда-то станет крупным промышленным центром.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One day our city will become a big industrial center.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The city will become the industrial center for sure, this is in the plan, and the date even may be known.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда-нибудь я стану руководителем завода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some day I will become a factory manager.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be said by a successful employee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда-то я стану руководителем завода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One day I will become a factory manager.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be said by a heir to an industry tycoon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда-нибудь мы все умрём.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some day we all will die.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This may be said by a healthy person living in natural conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда-то мы все умрём.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One day we all will die.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This may be said by a person anticipating a disaster or speaking about a terminally ill group of people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is of no surprise that когда-нибудь is more often used for the future (like &amp;quot;some day&amp;quot;), while когда-то is more often used for the past (like &amp;quot;one day&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;once&amp;quot;). This is because one can be more certain about events in the past than about events in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speaking with mathematical language, one can say that &amp;quot;когда-нибудь&amp;quot; means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qxnVk.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &amp;quot;когда-то&amp;quot; means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tCXjm.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where &lt;em&gt;p(t)&lt;/em&gt; is the probability distribution of the event, &lt;em&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; is the present moment and &lt;em&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; is some moment in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2013-12-25T03:10:30.270" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2919" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2920" CreationDate="2013-12-25T12:41:54.600" Score="11" ViewCount="582" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm always unsure as to how to choose my д in handwriting. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can one arbitrarily choose between ∂ and the minuscule (little &lt;em&gt;g&lt;/em&gt; type) here shown? (I mean, sticking to one of them for the whole text, but otherwise arbitrary?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mZEoR.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2018-06-25T08:55:02.830" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T08:55:02.830" Title="When to use ∂ and when to use the g-type for little д?" Tags="&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2919" CreationDate="2013-12-25T15:13:56.460" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both uppercase and lowercase letters you show here are taught in schools as the standard handwriting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The uppercase typical handwriting is either the one you provided or block-letter style (Д). In my experience more people switch to the block letter writing lately. I have never seen the lowercase д (g-style writing) or ∂ used in an uppercase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The lowercase д (g) is ubiquitous, you might also seldom find a lowercase ∂, however this is exotic nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="899" LastEditorUserId="899" LastEditDate="2013-12-25T15:36:51.830" LastActivityDate="2013-12-25T15:36:51.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2921" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-25T20:28:00.333" Score="12" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;Perhaps you've noticed this before (every non-native speaker certainly has):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;носатый &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;волосатый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;рогатый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;усатый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;хвостатый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;полосатый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;губа&lt;b&gt;с&lt;/b&gt;тый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;морда&lt;b&gt;с&lt;/b&gt;тый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;рука&lt;b&gt;с&lt;/b&gt;тый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;уша&lt;b&gt;с&lt;/b&gt;тый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;глаза&lt;b&gt;с&lt;/b&gt;тый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the pattern here? Is there one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before you hurry to reject my very premise: I am of course perfectly aware that for some, or perhaps even many, of these, both alternatives exist (e.g. &lt;em&gt;хвостастый&lt;/em&gt; is not unheard of, and &lt;em&gt;Глазатый&lt;/em&gt; happily thrives at least as a family name). It's just that one always wins out considerably over the other. But is there any explanation for &lt;em&gt;which&lt;/em&gt; one wins &lt;em&gt;when&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am also aware of pairings such as &lt;em&gt;зубастый кит&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;зубатый кит&lt;/em&gt;, which simply mean entirely different things. But again, is there a reason &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; they mean these things in that order&amp;nbsp;— and not exactly the other way round?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short: is there any rhyme and reason behind some adjectives being created using &quot;-ст-&quot;, and others using a simple &quot;-т-&quot;? Or is this something like &lt;em&gt;-ic-&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;-ical-&lt;/em&gt; in English, where &lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/6581/why-is-it-geometric-but-theoretical&quot;&gt;no clear pattern exists at all and everything is left entirely to chance&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="153" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:38:12.067" LastActivityDate="2014-08-31T15:18:17.677" Title="&quot;Какая рогастая, глазатая, ушатая корова!&quot; — or the morphological domains of &quot;-ст-&quot; vs. simply &quot;-т-&quot;" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;суффиксы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2922" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-25T21:00:25.007" Score="6" ViewCount="864" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &lt;em&gt;родина&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;отечество&lt;/em&gt;? (Apart from grammatical gender, of course.) Is either one older? Of a higher register? When should I use which? What is the reason for having two words where one will do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before you bring it up, I might as well point out myself that yes, a similar situation can be encountered in a multitude of languages. &lt;em&gt;Homeland&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;fatherland&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;die Heimat&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;das Vaterland&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;le pays&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;la patrie&lt;/em&gt;, and so on and so forth. But if anything, that raises a follow-up question: is either of &lt;em&gt;родина&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;отечество&lt;/em&gt; perhaps even a calque?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And as a bonus: what about &lt;em&gt;отчизна&lt;/em&gt;? That seems like a real weird mixture, a feminine noun stemming from &lt;em&gt;father&lt;/em&gt;. Are there even others still? And again, what is the difference between them all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="153" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2013-12-25T22:53:15.197" LastActivityDate="2019-11-13T16:58:15.990" Title="&quot;Родина&quot; vs. &quot;отечество&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2923" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-25T21:21:01.313" Score="3" ViewCount="825" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a common bit of trivia that the letter Ф is an extremely reliable indicator that you are looking at a loan word. Wikipedia tries its best at mentioning a couple of words of Slavic origin, but they are &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;few and far between&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В современном русском языке буква «Ф» используется почти исключительно в заимствованиях, обозначает глухой твёрдый звук [ф] или мягкий [ф'] (перед «е», «ё», «и», «ю», «я» и «ь»). В словах славянского происхождения «Ф» встречается в звукоподражаниях (&lt;em&gt;фукать, фыркать&lt;/em&gt;) или в словах, сильно изменивших свою звуковую и письменную форму (&lt;em&gt;филин, Фили&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; is that the case? Certainly /f/ an extremely common sound in Russian. It is an integral part of the Russian phonological grammar&amp;nbsp;— and in fact, there'd be no reason to introduce a dedicated letter for a sound that is not. It'd be rather silly indeed. I struggle to think of anything remotely similar in other languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what's the deal here? Why is it that even after centuries have passed, and even after Ѳ has been discarded for good, Ф has still barely got any traction outside of loan words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="153" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T20:10:39.203" Title="Why is &quot;ф&quot; used almost exclusively in loan words?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;согласные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2924" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2925" CreationDate="2013-12-25T21:55:57.813" Score="17" ViewCount="1793" Body="&lt;p&gt;Full disclosure up front: I've never watched &lt;em&gt;Star Wars&lt;/em&gt; in Russian. Nor do I plan to. (Edit in response to comments: that is not meant as a stab at Russian, of course. It is a stab at the movies themselves. I'm just not too much of a fan. Yeah, I know, sioux me!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, Yoda Speak has been part of popular culture all over the world forever, and on more than one occasion I've been very much interested in recreating Master Yoda's speech patterns in Russian. How do I go about it? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, Yoda Speak is all but trivial, as over the course of millenia, the language has been continuously sacrificing flexible word order in favor of having next to no cases at all. Russian, on the other hand, being a highly inflected language, gives me incredible freedom with word order. I can go absolutely crazy and &lt;em&gt;still&lt;/em&gt; sound grammatical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how do I work around that? Are there any easy rules I can follow to turn a random Russian sentence into something only Grand Jedi Master Yoda would say?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="153" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:04:11.120" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T06:35:21.713" Title="How is Yoda Speak rendered in Russian? Are there easy, yet universal, rules I can follow?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2924" CreationDate="2013-12-25T22:23:34.383" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main pattern is to place the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_%28grammar%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;subject&lt;/a&gt; to the end of the question, after the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predicate_%28grammar%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;predicate&lt;/a&gt;. If the predicate is complex, it is most likely to be reversed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples. Let's checkout examples provided in the article above: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;She dances - Танцует она.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ben reads the book - Книгу читает Бен.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ben's mother, Felicity, gave me a present - Фелисити, Бена Мать, дала подарок мне. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;She listened to the radio - Радио слушала она.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;She met him in the park - В парке встретила его она. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, grammar is grammar, it's not that anarchical to full extent. Though word order in sentence is something less strict in Russian compared to English, actually, there are some patterns and there are some cases when sentence will sound unnatural to native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some illustrations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/co2dU.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/UfYkL.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="153" LastEditDate="2014-10-25T07:49:25.890" LastActivityDate="2014-10-25T07:49:25.890" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2922" CreationDate="2013-12-26T03:10:22.623" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no difference in meaning. As far as usage, родина is used most often in everyday speech, while отечество is more poetic (or pompous, if you will). I would say отчизна is even higher register than отечество.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2013-12-26T03:10:22.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2921" CreationDate="2013-12-26T07:33:44.373" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a general rule, it seems, adjectives with -т- mean that a specific feature is [noticeably] present, and -ст- means that a feature is prominent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, носатый is an exception. Волосатый is used both ways: волосатая грудь (a breast that has [noticeable] hairs while as opposed to a breast without [noticeable] hairs) vs волосатый юноша (a young man whose hair-do is more prominent than most men have).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2284" LastActivityDate="2013-12-26T07:33:44.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2921" CreationDate="2013-12-26T07:35:42.580" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;It should be quite obvious for native speaker, that &lt;em&gt;-аст-&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;-ист-&lt;/em&gt; are augmentative suffixes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let we take for example the word &lt;em&gt;усы&lt;/em&gt; (moustache). Since not everyone has it there is a common adjective &lt;em&gt;усатый&lt;/em&gt;, which stands for somebody who simply has moustache. But there is also less common word &lt;em&gt;усастый&lt;/em&gt;. It’s suitable for somebody who has very large (or notable for other reason) moustaches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes clear the difference between &lt;em&gt;зубатый кит&lt;/em&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;em&gt;зубастый кит&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Зубатый кит&lt;/em&gt; (toothed whale, this is a biological term) unlike other whales has teeth. &lt;em&gt;Зубастый кит&lt;/em&gt; (this is an epithet) is quite toothy whale.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Довольно очевидно для носителя языка, что &lt;em&gt;-аст-&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;-ист-&lt;/em&gt; — это увеличительные суффиксы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возьмем для примера слово &lt;em&gt;усы&lt;/em&gt;. Поскольку не каждый их носит, широко распространено прилагательное &lt;em&gt;усатый&lt;/em&gt;, означающее, что некто просто носит усы. Но есть и менее распоcтраненное слово &lt;em&gt;усастый&lt;/em&gt;, подходящее для человека с большими (или примечательными по иной причине) усами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отсюда понятна разница между &lt;em&gt;зубатым&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;зубастым&lt;/em&gt; китом. &lt;em&gt;Зубатые&lt;/em&gt; киты (это термин), в отличие от остальных, просто имеют зубы. &lt;em&gt;Зубастый&lt;/em&gt; же кит (это эпитет) зубаст весьма.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-08-30T13:50:40.000" LastActivityDate="2014-08-30T13:50:40.000" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2922" CreationDate="2013-12-26T13:00:43.667" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Grammatical gender has some meaning partcularly in this case. Both words assume some patriotic feelings, but while &quot;Родина&quot; is usually interpreted as something feminine and native (&quot;родина — родить&quot;), &quot;Отечество&quot; means something masculine and even somewhat brave (&quot;отечество — отец&quot;). To simplify things, you may roughly translate &quot;Родина&quot; to &quot;motherland&quot; and &quot;Отечество&quot; to &quot;fatherland&quot;. &quot;Отчизна&quot; has the same sense as &quot;Отечество&quot;, but is used rarely and mostly in poetic context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Following Wikipedia pages you might find useful:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatherland&quot;&gt;Fatherland&lt;/a&gt; — scroll down to &quot;the Russians...&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Motherland_Calls&quot;&gt;The Motherland Calls&lt;/a&gt; — see &quot;Sculpture name and translation&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1768" LastActivityDate="2013-12-26T13:00:43.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2923" CreationDate="2013-12-26T14:00:05.337" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason why a special letter was introduced for a foreign sound is quite simple, the classical Cyrillic alphabet included &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; the letters of the Greek alphabet, including &lt;code&gt;Ѳ&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Ф&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the modern Russian, [f] is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; used almost exclusively in loan words, as you put it, it is used in numerous original Russian words and in different suffixes, only it is spelled like &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt;, not like &lt;code&gt;ф&lt;/code&gt;. Before a voiceless consonant the letter &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; is pronounced as [f] in words like &lt;code&gt;завтра&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;вчера&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;второй&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;вперёд&lt;/code&gt;, etc. In the end of a word before a pause it is also [f], like in &lt;code&gt;котов&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;зубов&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;узнав&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;дав&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;написав&lt;/code&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the reason why /f/ was not a part of the Proto-Slavic inventory of phonemes has no possible answer, asking about it is like asking why Slavic languages lack interdentals, like the English /ð/, or emphatic consonants, like the Arabic /sˤ/.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-12-26T14:00:05.337" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2931" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2013-12-26T18:00:01.373" Score="7" ViewCount="616" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suppose this one will be tough, or actually impossible, to crack by looking at Russian in isolation&amp;nbsp;— there is no way to know what writers at what point had which meaning in mind, short of going back in time and asking them all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it should be feasible to take a detour via other languages. Obviously, someone, somewhere, in some language, was the first one to translate (or back then, rather mistranslate) &lt;em&gt;Красная Площадь&lt;/em&gt; as &lt;em&gt;Red&lt;/em&gt; and not &lt;em&gt;Beautiful&lt;/em&gt;. Others then followed suit, or even copied him directly, gradually establishing it in everybody's minds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consequently, my question is: who was that someone somewhere? Who did it first? When did it stop raising objections as a mistranslation and became established and unexceptionable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="153" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T18:14:09.793" Title="When did Красная Площадь begin to shift from Beautiful to Red?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;toponyms&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2931" CreationDate="2013-12-26T18:01:20.723" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is an attempt at antedating the translation &quot;Red Square&quot; in a variety of languages. Still work in progress. Comments and additions are welcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;English&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1816:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;The Scots Magazine&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yQVum.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On the 28th August, the Emperor reviewed troops in the Red Square at Moscow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;German&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1885:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Westermann's illustrierte deutsche Monatshefte&lt;/em&gt;, issue 58.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xzcnc.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Von den Spuren seiner blutigen Vergangenheit ist der Rote Platz längst gereinigt. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;French&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1898:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Bulletin de la Société de géographie de Toulouse.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yWrRJ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;La place Rouge est rectangulaire. L'un des grands côtés est formé par le mur du Kremlin,...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Spanish&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1836:&lt;/strong&gt; Adrien Balbi, &lt;em&gt;Compendio de Geografía Universal: redactado bajo un nuevo plan con presencia de los ultimos tratados de paz y los descubrimientos mas recientes&lt;/em&gt;, volume 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5MC10.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Sus mejores plazas son el &lt;em&gt;Arbate&lt;/em&gt;, la &lt;em&gt;plaza Roja&lt;/em&gt; cerca del Kremlin donde se halla el monumento de Minin y de Pojarsky; y la del gran teatro ruso llamada &lt;em&gt;Petravskaïa&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far we can see that at the beginning of the 19th century, the square was widely agreed upon to be red. I am still on the lookout for older cites.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ideally, we should be homing in from the other side as well: that is, looking for older (yet most recent) translations of &lt;em&gt;Красная Площадь&lt;/em&gt; as indeed &lt;em&gt;Beautiful&lt;/em&gt; rather than &lt;em&gt;Red&lt;/em&gt;. Then we should be able to pin it down to a particular century&amp;nbsp;— or who knows, perhaps even a particular decade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="153" LastActivityDate="2013-12-26T18:01:20.723" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2931" CreationDate="2013-12-26T21:43:33.623" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think back to my Russian history class and I don't recall that even Russians considered the Red Square to be &quot;Beautiful Square&quot;. At different times in history it was called by other names, but around late 1600 it was named Red Square. I remember reading old Russian сказки where the term was used &quot;красная девица&quot; which meant &quot;Beautiful Girl&quot;. So I'm not sure if it was ever known outside of Russia an Beautiful Square, but even inside Russia it has been treated as &quot;Red&quot; square for a long time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing to consider, during the &quot;Red revolution&quot; some names were changed, and the government &quot;rewrote&quot; some history and what people call things. So unless you find really old Russians and ask them, I'm not sure who can help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1794" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-07-20T18:14:09.793" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T18:14:09.793" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2931" CreationDate="2013-12-27T05:19:15.360" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It isn't shifted. &quot;Red&quot; &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; &quot;beautiful&quot; (but may be &quot;painted&quot; or &quot;coloured&quot;) in old Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Красна ягодка, красна девица, красна (not краснаЯ) площадь - &#xA;red raspberry, red girl, red square - all is beautiful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Крас-ота, крас-ивый, крас-ный, крас-ка, крас-ить &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have many different meanings for many words. I'm not a history or philology specialist, but for me there are 3 definitions from old years:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;really beautiful,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;really red, maybe coloured, maybe from the red colour of the Kremlin&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;unknown or lost definition of 'red' (blood from execution of criminals, red pavement bricks, beautiful things in the market, abundance of red clothing on the market...)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2330" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-07-20T18:13:39.507" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T18:13:39.507" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2931" CreationDate="2013-12-27T09:11:07.660" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Russian Wikipedia, the first meaning of &lt;code&gt;Красная&lt;/code&gt; was &lt;code&gt;Beautiful&lt;/code&gt; because of the Saint Basil Cathedral building. It used the old East Slavonic meaning of the word. When the Red Revolution occurred, this meaning was replaced to just the name of the color, which actually is a constricted inheritance of the previous meaning (for Russian language!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1769" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-07-20T18:13:23.157" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T18:13:23.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2919" CreationDate="2013-12-27T09:54:38.550" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;∂&lt;/em&gt; is typewriting symbol and doesn't appear in standart handwriting. Some people use it as decorative element, kind of monogram. But actually it's for typing (usually coursive) only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1769" LastActivityDate="2013-12-27T09:54:38.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2916" CreationDate="2013-12-27T11:18:52.257" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think any native Russian speaker would use &quot;когда-то&quot; in future tense, no matter whether talking about definite or probable event. If one wants to emphasize certainty, it's better to skip this word altogether: One day I will become a factory manager = &quot;я обязательно стану директором завода&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your quote is clearly a case of poetic license: a slight deviation from rules to fit the rhythm. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="587" LastActivityDate="2013-12-27T11:18:52.257" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2939" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2950" CreationDate="2013-12-27T23:19:55.627" Score="6" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Намеренно» translates into English as &quot;intentionally&quot;. «Преднамеренно» basically has the same meaning, but it has prefix «пред-» which is confusing. It seems redundant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;People say «с намерением» (as in &quot;with intention&quot;), but I haven't heard anyone say «с преднамерением».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What role does the «пред-» prefix play in the word «преднамеренно»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T18:25:43.610" Title="Prefix «пред-» in «преднамеренно»" Tags="&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2939" CreationDate="2013-12-27T23:58:37.203" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Преднамеренное&quot; is used mostly in criminal and law enforcement context or, wider, is is used to describe actions the speaker assumes to be mischievous a priory. Examples: &quot;преднамеренное убийство&quot;, &quot;преднамеренное нанесение тяжкого вреда здоровью&quot;. Therefore, &quot;преднамеренное&quot; is definitely more official. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet, even in a legal terminology &quot;намеренное&quot; and  &quot;преднамеренное&quot; co-exist in some phrases, for example, (пред)намеренное ухудшение жилищных условий. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, basically, &quot;намеренно&quot; is for an act which had been taken consciously, while &quot;преднамеренно&quot; is for evil intentions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2013-12-27T23:58:37.203" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2939" CreationDate="2013-12-28T10:40:33.223" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Prefix &quot;Пред-&quot; emhasizes the idea of something being done before the action was performed itself. Like &quot;условие&quot; and &quot;предусловие&quot;. &quot;Условие выполнения чего-то&quot; - it is something you should do in order to achieve something. While &quot;предусловие выполнения чего-то&quot; - it is something you should do even before starting the main action, some preparations, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So while &quot;намеренный&quot; and &quot;преднамеренный&quot; both mean intentional, the latter also assumes that was made not only intentially but had some &quot;history&quot;. Like &quot;намеренная кража из магазина&quot; can mean that some individual saw something while being in the shop and decided to steal it, while &quot;преднамеренная&quot; may also imply that the individual walked in the shop already having an intention to steal something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar for killing - the individual may kill someone because of doing something in the wrong way (e.g. because of a car accident), because he/she had no intention to kill, but they did something that is potentially dangerous (like a bar brawl) and the killing had happened, or because he or she wanted to kill exactly this particular person and made some preparations for this. The latter will be &quot;преднамеренное убийство&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the prepared and planned actions usually have more strict punishment the prosecutors are interested in proving that every time the law is breaked the individual did this with all necessary preparations, while defenсe is interested in proving that the act was an impulse or because of affect, etc. - not planned at all, or without conscious decisions made. So the word &quot;преднамеренный&quot; serves well for prosecutors because it emphasizes the idea of prepared action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is not because &quot;пред-&quot; means &quot;evil&quot;, but because it was planned or prepared.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In usual life it is rarely needed to make the precise distinction between &quot;намеренный&quot; and &quot;преднамеренный&quot;, so they can be used as synonyms most of the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2013-12-30T00:07:19.747" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T00:07:19.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2939" CreationDate="2013-12-28T11:31:29.853" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can think that &quot;преднамеренно&quot; means &quot;planned&quot;. Because it refers to the fact that the intention existed long before the action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1502" LastActivityDate="2013-12-28T11:31:29.853" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2922" CreationDate="2013-12-28T11:56:40.717" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some words composed in a way similar to &quot;родина&quot; can be found in ancient literature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;година - years&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;скотина - cattle&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;былина - myth&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;старина - old times&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would suggest that &quot;отечество&quot; originate in great style aristocratic language of 1800-1900.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1502" LastActivityDate="2013-12-28T11:56:40.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2924" CreationDate="2013-12-28T12:20:30.997" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe I disappoint you, you mentioned that Russian allows very flexible word order. That is true, but at the same time some word orderings are more usual than others, so basically when Russians try to mimic Yoda speech they will try to get sentence in any unusual word ordering. This still will sound grammatically correct. I have seen some &quot;instructions&quot; - how to &quot;speak Yoda&quot; in Russian on the websites, they will give some rules, but in fact this is just the preference of a person who create the given rule set. The only rule that seems relevant to me is to make the sentence less usual ordered, but not too much, so that it still very easily understood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the real purpose of Yoda speech is to make everybody happy and laughing, the rule is to break any rules every time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can share my own algorithm: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) analyze your original sentence and remove the words that make it hard to reshuffle&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) pronounce any word and then analyze which word is logically would go after it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) do not put that word after it, puzzle the audience, put any other word from the sentence, less expected in this position of a line&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) repeat puzzling as many times as possible, more times the flow is not going where the audience expected - more fun&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5) in the end you must get the perfectly clear and understandable passage&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tricky part is to make as many &quot;shifts&quot; from normal wordflow but arrive in the end to a perfectly correct phrase, this is where people will start laughing - when they realize their ears struggled but they are happy in the end with a clear sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is that those &quot;Shifts&quot; that occur when you already hear some word and your mind expects the next word and suddenly you hear something unexpected, a verb instead of a noun, subject instead of an object etc - your mind goes nuts for a second, fantasies arose inside you and that's what makes you happy. And when the sentence come to an end, all is suddenly settled in a correct phrase it makes you laugh.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the mind adapts quickly, that's why multiple Yoda phrases in a row are not funny. They are better served unexpected and one in a time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1502" LastActivityDate="2013-12-28T12:20:30.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2945" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2437" CreationDate="2013-12-28T19:35:52.017" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some sentences in which &lt;code&gt;чё&lt;/code&gt; cannot be substituted for &lt;code&gt;чего&lt;/code&gt;, have a look:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чё у тебя в карманах?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чё там случилось?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In such sentences &lt;code&gt;чё&lt;/code&gt; is the subject, which can be in the Genetive case only in negative sentences, like &lt;code&gt;Ивана там не было.&lt;/code&gt; or as a part of a quantitative phrase, like &lt;code&gt;много людей&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;три рубля&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;сколько зайцев&lt;/code&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не за что. (Cannot be *Не за чё.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;code&gt;Ни за что!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there are some sentences in which &lt;code&gt;чего&lt;/code&gt; cannot be substituted for &lt;code&gt;чё&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С чего будем прыгать, с моста или с причала? (Not *с чё)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С чего бы это? (Not *с чё)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;От чего ты отталкивался? (Not *от чё)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Без чего не вытащишь и рыбку из пруда? (Not *без чё)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum it up, it looks like &lt;code&gt;чё&lt;/code&gt; is a colloquial form of &lt;code&gt;что&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2013-12-28T19:35:52.017" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2924" CreationDate="2013-12-28T20:54:16.207" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;if you revert the sentence - you can get Yoda's speech =) but not always =) &#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;e.g.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Я гулял по парку - По парку гулял я &lt;br&gt;&#xA;Мы с девченками пошли в клуб танцевать - Танцевать в клуб пошли с девченками мы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2333" LastActivityDate="2013-12-28T20:54:16.207" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2947" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2955" CreationDate="2013-12-30T00:21:35.737" Score="9" ViewCount="301" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yesterday I came across the term радиус-вектор in physics, which surprised me because the order of the two parts is reversed by comparison with the terms вектор-строка and вектор-столбец in linear algebra, which I knew earlier. Does anyone have a suggestion for why it would be reasonable to use вектор as the second part of the term in one case but as the first part of the term in the other cases? For comparison, in English the terms are all built in the same way: radius vector, row vector, and column vector.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know when these terms entered the language, but for instance if вектор-строка had been in use first then I'd think вектор-радиус would be a closer fit to the &quot;established&quot; format than радиус-вектор, and likewise for строка-вектор if радиус-вектор had been introduced first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2013-12-30T05:00:53.987" LastActivityDate="2014-01-12T17:54:31.527" Title="радиус-вектор vs. вектор-строка" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2919" CreationDate="2013-12-30T04:22:13.517" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;д&lt;/em&gt; is italic. It is not a handwriting character.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T04:22:13.517" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2924" CreationDate="2013-12-30T04:48:23.697" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian by changing the word order you may arrive at unexpected results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The sentence may become looking poetic, pompous or high-style.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The sentence may become looking archaic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The sentence may change its meaning either slightly or totally&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The sentence may become ambiguous and depending on the phrase stress.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The sentence may become looking unfinished, suggesting a continuation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian language has undergone some heavy changes in the default word order not so long ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eventually you would get something sounding like reading Homer in translation, or a decree by Peter the Great from 18th century or a quote from the Bible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say that the idea of changing word order to empathize the epicness, archaism, deepness of the thought is quite standard tool in Russian. It can be used in aphorisms, in poems, in tales and parables, to underline the wisdom and authority of the speaker etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2013-12-30T04:53:50.380" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T04:53:50.380" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2939" CreationDate="2013-12-30T06:05:54.380" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian word &quot;преднамеренно&quot; means the action was planned beforehand and prepared for, while &quot;намеренно&quot; may mean either the action was improvised or decided on site as well as planned beforehand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &quot;преднамеренно&quot; is a particular case of &quot;намеренно&quot; when the intention arose beforehand rather than on-site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T06:05:54.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2435" CreationDate="2013-12-30T07:56:06.340" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;@Ellen, on the Russian your name truly translated as &quot;Лена&quot;, not a &quot;Настя&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you don't know how to finish your letter, simply write:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пишите!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means write me back. To keep intensity of correspondence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Люблю! Целую!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means action &quot;Kiss you!&quot; and &quot;Love you!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, &quot;Ваша Настя&quot; sounds very well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2259" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2013-12-30T10:56:16.227" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T10:56:16.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2947" CreationDate="2013-12-30T11:16:51.820" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;An answer from a native speaker with a (somewhat rusty) math degree and no linguistic education.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this радиус-вектор&lt;/a&gt; then the phrase emphasizes that this is a vector of some kind. &quot;Vector&quot; is the more important word here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the linear algebra terminology it is the difference between вектор-строка and вектор-столбец that is important. The differentiating word comes last, pushing &quot;вектор&quot; in front.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is more of a heuristic than a rule cast in stone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2244" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T11:16:51.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2947" CreationDate="2013-12-30T11:47:20.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just as Vitaly Osipov said, the last word should be considered as main, while the first is subordinate. So your question can be reformulated: why &lt;em&gt;ра́диус-ве́ктор&lt;/em&gt; is more vector than radius but &lt;em&gt;ве́ктор-строка́&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ве́ктор-столбе́ц&lt;/em&gt; are more row / column than vector?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer, I guess, is quite simple. It’s in common visual representation. This is definitely a column for me:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Mvua8.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is defenitely a row:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/cxNcI.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this is a vector:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oYlMl.png&quot; alt=&quot;rv&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T11:47:20.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2947" CreationDate="2013-12-30T16:30:08.437" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In compound nouns like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;самолёт-истреби́тель&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;самолёт-разве́дчик&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;самолёт-невиди́мка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ве́ктор-строка́&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ве́ктор-столбе́ц&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;спортсме́н-лы́жник&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;спортсме́н-плове́ц&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;садово́д-люби́тель&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the first noun gives a more general description of the word and the second one gives a more specific description. First consider several other examples and then let us discuss words вектор-строка, вектор-столбец, and радиус-вектор. “Самолёт-невидимка” is an aircraft (this is a more general description) and more specifically it is a stealth aircraft (this is a more specific description); it would not make much sense to describe it as a stealth object (“невидимка”), which is more specifically a stealth aircraft. Similarly, “садовод-любитель” is a gardener, more specifically, an amateur gardener; again it would not make much sense to say that “садовод-любитель” is an amateur, more specifically, an amateur gardener.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, “вектор-строка” is a vector, specifically it is a vector written as a row; “вектор-столбец” is a vector written as a column. It would make much less sense to say that “вектор-строка” is a row that forms a vector (there is no separate mathematical notion of &lt;em&gt;row&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now “радиус-вектор” is the position (radius) of a point, which is written as a vector. The word вектор specifies that радиус-вектор gives not just the distance to the position but also the direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps one could argue that “радиус-вектор” should be called “вектор-радиус” because it is a vector that (more specifically) gives the position of an object. I think the main reason why “радиус-вектор” is used is the following. The term “радиус-вектор” is mostly used in physics not in linear algebra. The word вектор just specifies the type of the variable: \vec &lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; is “радиус-вектор”, whereas &lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; is радиус (скаляр/scalar). If “радиус-вектор” was a concept studied in linear algebra and we had different kinds of vectors, then we would have terms like: вектор-радиус, вектор-ускорение, вектор-функция.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary&lt;/strong&gt; To check what word order to use, you can apply the following test. Write A-B if you can say “он/она — A, а точнее A-B”:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это самолёт, а точнее самолёт-истребитель. &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; Это истребитель, а точнее самолёт-истребитель.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пусть &lt;em&gt;v&lt;/em&gt; — произвольный вектор, а точнее вектор-столбец. &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; Пусть &lt;em&gt;v&lt;/em&gt; — произвольный столбец, а точнее вектор-столбец.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пусть &lt;em&gt;\vec r&lt;/em&gt; — радиус (положение) частицы, а точнее её радиус-вектор. &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; Пусть &lt;em&gt;\vec r&lt;/em&gt; — вектор частицы, а точнее её радиус-вектор.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="222" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T16:20:12.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2939" CreationDate="2013-12-30T18:25:43.610" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For simplicity, let's look at the corresponding nouns, rather than adjectives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Намеренный means &quot;intentional&quot;.  Преднамеренный means &quot;premeditated&quot;.  Even the connotation of &quot;premeditated crime&quot; maps into English perfectly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2013-12-30T18:25:43.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2959" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2922" CreationDate="2014-01-01T18:40:27.180" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;отечество&quot; is quite outdated in modern Russian. It was widely used before 1917, but after the revolution it was gradually replaced with родина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in most cases you most likely need to use &quot;родина&quot;. Exceptions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Constitution. It uses &quot;отечество&quot; in the context of military service. It is also used in the law regulating military service and in the military oath.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you want to look monarchist, &quot;old-style&quot; person in the context of military service or patriotism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When speaking about &quot;a motherland&quot; (as opposed &quot;the motherland&quot;), you should use &quot;родина&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-01-01T18:40:27.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2807" CreationDate="2014-01-01T22:54:08.707" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;I don't see the table&quot; should be translated as &quot;Я не вижу стол&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I don't see a table&quot; should be translated as &quot;Я не вижу стола&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="506" LastActivityDate="2014-01-01T22:54:08.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2890" CreationDate="2014-01-01T22:58:26.103" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is completely no difference in Russian. But sometimes accusative could tell that &quot;the&quot; should be used. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I don't see the table&quot; should be translated as &quot;Я не вижу стол&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I don't see a table&quot; should be translated as &quot;Я не вижу стола&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="506" LastActivityDate="2014-01-01T22:58:26.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2440" CreationDate="2014-01-02T00:42:19.250" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word маг is noteworthy in that it has no well known feminine form. Theoretically, the correct feminine form is магиня, but this word is very rarely seen. Much more often you see the obnoxious, cringeworthy neologism магичка. But usually, just волшебница is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word экстрасенс is most precisely translated to English as &quot;psychic&quot;. Just like &quot;psychic&quot;, it has overtones of &quot;charlatan&quot; or &quot;wacko&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2345" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T00:42:19.250" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2021-03-12T22:30:21.560" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2924" CreationDate="2014-01-02T00:47:13.197" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Identically to English, &quot;subject object verb&quot;. However, in Russian this seems like poetic or archaic, rather just strange syntax.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2345" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T00:47:13.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2969" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-02T01:09:36.243" Score="5" ViewCount="316" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне интересно в чем разница между чистящий и очищающий. Спасибо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-01-02T08:29:01.273" LastActivityDate="2014-01-04T10:02:45.187" Title="В чем разница между чистящий и очищающий?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2969" CreationDate="2014-01-02T12:56:07.610" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Чистящий означает то, что чистит. Возможно не до конца, только частично.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очищающий означает то, что очищает. Очищает полностью, но возможно до определенной степени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2347" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T12:56:07.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2922" CreationDate="2014-01-02T13:01:32.223" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Родина often means location where you born. &#xA;Отечество means country where you born.&#xA;Отечество also means родина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This statements is true.&#xA;У меня на родине, в Москве.&#xA;Отечественного производства. Made in Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отчизна often used with патриотизм.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Родина (я думаю) одного корня со словом &quot;родной&quot; (близкий сердцу, родственный).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Родные просторы - луга и поля.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2347" LastEditorUserId="2347" LastEditDate="2014-01-07T12:08:21.390" LastActivityDate="2014-01-07T12:08:21.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2972" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2916" CreationDate="2014-01-02T13:08:02.870" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Когда-то means at some point in time except now.&#xA;Used not for near time.&#xA;But period may even one day if this is significant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2347" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T13:08:02.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2899" CreationDate="2014-01-02T17:21:07.440" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the word is derogatory and intentionally wrongly-spelled to underline the low culture of either the speaker or the country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T17:21:07.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2923" CreationDate="2014-01-02T19:29:50.933" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian language have few own words with &quot;Ф&quot;, because we prefer more strong sound &quot;В&quot;. But in other countries F is one of most popular letter. Gradually this words going in our language and today we have more foreign words with &quot;Ф&quot; then own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2349" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T19:29:50.933" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2923" CreationDate="2014-01-02T20:05:00.190" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;A more correct question would be, why other Indo-European languages &lt;strong&gt;have&lt;/strong&gt; /f/. This is because the Proto-Indo-European language had no such sound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in English word-initial /f/ evolved from PIE /p/, in Greek the evolution was from PIE /b&lt;sup&gt;h&lt;/sup&gt;/ via /p&lt;sup&gt;h&lt;/sup&gt;/. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-01-02T20:10:39.203" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T20:10:39.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2969" CreationDate="2014-01-02T20:24:45.427" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Чистяший&lt;/code&gt; - able to clean, that is to remove some contamination. Accent is on the process.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Очищающий&lt;/code&gt; - able to &lt;strong&gt;make&lt;/strong&gt; clean. Accent is on the result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="88" LastEditorUserId="88" LastEditDate="2014-01-02T20:32:57.570" LastActivityDate="2014-01-02T20:32:57.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2978" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2981" CreationDate="2014-01-02T21:59:41.813" Score="7" ViewCount="699" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American English we have the word 'snarky', meaning 'sharply critical; cutting; snide'. A Russian translator suggests the word элегантного, but this does not seem to have the same sense as the English word. How would this concept be expressed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about the following: Придирчивый, язвительный, ехидный, резкий в высказываниях, язва, or&#xA;Сварливый?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2313" LastActivityDate="2014-01-05T06:30:04.027" Title="Does Russian have a word meaning 'snarky'?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2916" CreationDate="2014-01-03T02:39:37.463" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This in fact it is &quot;playing by the rules&quot;. Let's use the dictionaries. Ushakov's dictionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;КОГДА́-ТО, нареч.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  1. Некогда, в прошлом. Когда-то мы были знакомы. «Царь Никита жил когда-то славно, весело, богато.» Пушкин.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2. &lt;strong&gt;Неизвестно когда в будущем.&lt;/strong&gt; Когда-то он соберется! Когда-то еще выпадет такой счастливый случай!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same entry is in Efremova's dictionary. Also the &quot;Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь&quot; gives the &lt;a href=&quot;http://academic.ru/dic.nsf/eng_rus/122034/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;following examples&lt;/a&gt; of using &quot;когда-то&quot; to refer the future:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) (в будущем) we shall have a long time before...; it will be a long time before... когда-то еще будет такой приятный вечер ≈ &lt;strong&gt;it will be a long time before&lt;/strong&gt; we have such a pleasant evening again&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) (в будущем) : когда-то мы опять увидимся! &lt;strong&gt;who knows when&lt;/strong&gt; we shall meet again!; когда-то он придёт! &lt;strong&gt;will he ever&lt;/strong&gt; come!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-01-03T02:39:37.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2980" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3012" CreationDate="2014-01-03T18:14:17.647" Score="7" ViewCount="946" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have difficulties to adequately translate this into Russian, so that translation is short and clear (not something clumsy like &quot;Нажми на кнопку Выйти в моем профиле&quot; or something unnatural like &quot;Выйди меня (из почты/фейсбука)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would be a clear adequate and (preferably) short translation into Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2353" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:33:18.723" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T12:33:18.723" Title="How would you translate &quot;Log me out&quot;?! (when asking someone to log yourself out of facebook account/ e-mail. etc)" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;информатика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2978" CreationDate="2014-01-03T18:48:13.240" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As already mentioned, there would probably no &lt;em&gt;precise single word&lt;/em&gt; equivalent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet another translation, which I think is very appropriate, is: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;злобный; ехидный&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&#xA;(see &lt;a href=&quot;http://m.slovari.yandex.ru/translate.xml?text=snide&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;yandex dictionaries&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2353" LastActivityDate="2014-01-03T18:48:13.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2982" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2980" CreationDate="2014-01-03T19:00:26.970" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would prefer the following translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Выйди из моего профиля в гуглоплюсе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for shorter translations - they will be more informal and/or slangish. Usually I hear something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Выйди из-под меня в фейсбуке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the latter options sounds clumsy. The &lt;em&gt;account&lt;/em&gt; has also many other more slangish translations: &quot;учетка&quot;, &quot;аккаунт&quot; or even &quot;акк&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@alex notes that there are two words for log in/log out: &lt;em&gt;залогиниться&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;разлогиниться&lt;/em&gt;. There is also &lt;em&gt;перелогиниться&lt;/em&gt; which means - log off and then log in again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Залогиниться&lt;/strong&gt; may be used by itself or with the name of login:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Залогинься в фейсбук. Залогинься в программу как админ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have never heard &lt;strong&gt;разлогиниться&lt;/strong&gt; to be used with the name of the account. It seems to be used only as &quot;log off from current account&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Разлогинься в фейсбуке на всякий случай.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Перелогиниться&lt;/strong&gt; can also be used by itself or with name of account or user role:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;После изменения настроек перелогинься.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Перелогинься админом чтобы изменить настройки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another three options is using &lt;strong&gt;зайди/выйди/перезайди&lt;/strong&gt;. All these options can be used with or without login or user role:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Зайди админом. Выйди из-под админа. Перезайди админом.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If these words are used without login/user role it may be not clear that log in or log out is required when the software or the site does not require authentication. &quot;Войди в Ворд&quot; means just &quot;open the Word application&quot;, while &quot;Войди в 1С&quot; implies &quot;Open 1C accounting system and log in&quot;, because the latter application always requires authentication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looks like &quot;Зайди подо мной. Выйди из-под меня. Перезайди подо мной.&quot; is derived from &quot;админ&quot; log in/log out expressions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is Google search results. Estimated results (shown on the first page) are very different from ones shown on the last page. So, to obtain them I had to click on the last page of search results and sometimes click again on &quot;show all results&quot; if necessary to see skipped ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;выйди из моего профиля&quot; - 72 results&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;выйди из моего аккаунта&quot; - 64 results&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;выйди из моего акка&quot; - 37 results&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;разлогинь меня&quot; - 31 results&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;выйди из-под моего аккаунта&quot; - 29 results&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;выйди из-под меня&quot; - 19 results&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;выйди из моей учетки&quot; - 9 results&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;выйди из моего логина&quot; - 6 results&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;выйди из-под моего логина&quot; - 3 results&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;вылогинь меня&quot; - 2 results&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;перелогинься собой&quot; - 2 results&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;выйди из-под моего профиля&quot; - 1 result&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many results seem to be requests to other users to stop using the account that does not belong to them. Also the word used for account (профиль, учетка, etc.) is dependent from the term that is used in site's user interface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the аккаунт seems more preferred - the sum of &quot;выйди из моего аккаунта&quot; and &quot;выйди из-под моего аккаунта&quot; gives 93 results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="2353" LastEditDate="2014-01-07T06:59:44.630" LastActivityDate="2014-01-07T06:59:44.630" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2980" CreationDate="2014-01-03T19:11:08.463" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the &lt;code&gt;Выйди из-под меня в ...&lt;/code&gt; there is a couple of the new loan words from English 'login' : &lt;code&gt;залогиниться/разлогиниться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Разлогинь меня в Фейсбуке&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google &quot;залогиниться&quot; About 1,390,000 results&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2354" LastEditorUserId="2354" LastEditDate="2014-01-07T03:25:36.727" LastActivityDate="2014-01-07T03:25:36.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2969" CreationDate="2014-01-04T10:02:45.187" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Чистящие средства (обычно порошки), чистящий карандаш для оптики, картридж для бритвы - то, чем нужно производить механические действия: скрести, тереть, то есть жестко чистить в буквальном смысле. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очищающий гель (для лица), аэрозоль (для воздуха), лосьон, суп - что-то более щадящее, то, что действует не сразу, не механически и само по себе не обладает чистящими свойствами, а только в совокупности с чем-то (процессами кожи, тела, распределяясь по воздуху).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastActivityDate="2014-01-04T10:02:45.187" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2987" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2988" CreationDate="2014-01-04T21:42:59.100" Score="16" ViewCount="7533" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen many Russians write &lt;em&gt;&quot;на хуй&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, или &lt;em&gt;&quot;нахуй&quot;&lt;/em&gt; altogether, although I'm 99 % sure it should be written separately. Why is it so often written altogether (because of the stress on на confusing them?) and is the spelling with a space the correct version?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2360" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-08-08T04:20:43.523" LastActivityDate="2015-08-08T04:20:43.523" Title="Which is correct &quot;нахуй&quot; or &quot;на хуй&quot;?" Tags="&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="11" FavoriteCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2987" CreationDate="2014-01-04T22:56:37.237" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both spelling are correct since they stand for at least two different parts of speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adverb &lt;em&gt;нахуй&lt;/em&gt;  should be spelled as a solid word like as any other adverb in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may stand for ‘totally’, ‘entirely’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как ты заебала, заткни на́хуй свое ебало! (song by ‘Evil Not Alone’ band)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or along with variant &lt;em&gt;нахуя&lt;/em&gt; for ‘why’, ‘what for’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На́хуй вы вообще приперлись? (trivial phrase)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нахуя́ козе баян? (proverb)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A noun &lt;em&gt;хуй&lt;/em&gt; with preposition &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; undoubtedly should be spelled separately regardless of what sense it used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the literal sense (&lt;em&gt;хуй&lt;/em&gt; = penis):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мой парень надел на хуй стаканчик и стал им болтать, чтобы получить звук трещетки... (random quote from google)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the positive metaphorical sense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И рыбку съесть, и на́ хуй сесть. (proverb)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In negative metaphorical sense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иди на́ хуй! (very common idiom)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also it may be used as interjection:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я попью а, нахуй, всё, пиздец, не могу больше. (‘Зеленый слоник’ movie)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tend to think it should be spelled as one solid word but I can’t give any rationale now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the causes for solid misspelling, I do not think they are in stress at &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;. Stress on preposition is still quite usual in Russian: &lt;em&gt;лечь на́ пол&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;зайти за́ угол&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;взять работу на́ дом&lt;/em&gt;. It most likely by analogy to directional adverbs &lt;em&gt;направо&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;налево&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;вперед&lt;/em&gt;, etc. There is sense it in. However, &lt;em&gt;на хуй&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;иди на хуй&lt;/em&gt; is considered as noun with preposition by the most of competent people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is empirical rule: if you still can separate two parts of stable phrase by adding adjective or somehow else, then they are two separate words. You definitely can describe &lt;em&gt;хуй&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иди ты на большой и толстый хуй!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can even omit it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иди ты на большой и толстый! (really &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%22&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;in use&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try to describe &lt;em&gt;право&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;лево&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;направо&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;налево&lt;/em&gt; and you will feel the difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of the above is also applicable to numerous euphemisms of &lt;em&gt;хуй&lt;/em&gt;: на́ фиг / на́фиг (нафига́), на́ хрен / на́хрен (нахрена́), на́ хер / на́хер (нахера́).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-01-05T16:10:15.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2989" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2987" CreationDate="2014-01-05T03:18:50.117" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I decided to add my answer since I completely disagree with the accepted answer (Dmitry). The expression should be written separately, this is grammatically correct form. If Dmitry could substantiate his answer, that would be interesting. The reference to the song can't be considered a legitimate proof of the expression correctness (and the song itself could be written incorrectly). &#xA;I believe one word version is meant to be a part of &quot;olbanskii ezyg&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2344" LastActivityDate="2014-01-05T03:18:50.117" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2978" CreationDate="2014-01-05T06:30:04.027" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;See also циник &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://otvet.mail.ru/question/27719027&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://otvet.mail.ru/question/27719027&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and ёрничать &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bolshoyvopros.ru/questions/79476-chto-takoe-jornichat.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.bolshoyvopros.ru/questions/79476-chto-takoe-jornichat.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://otvet.mail.ru/question/2020108&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://otvet.mail.ru/question/2020108&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="506" LastActivityDate="2014-01-05T06:30:04.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2980" CreationDate="2014-01-05T09:16:50.433" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you are describing not a situation where one person asks another to log them out (which is what everyone answers above), but simply a &quot;Log (me) out&quot; button on a generic web site. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case the most common usage is &quot;Войти&quot; for &quot;Log (me) in&quot; and &quot;Выйти&quot; for &quot;Log (me) out&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2244" LastActivityDate="2014-01-05T09:16:50.433" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2980" CreationDate="2014-01-06T13:32:34.143" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As programmer, I think, in order to comply with your initial sentence &lt;code&gt;Log Me Out&lt;/code&gt;, the best thing to say in Russian would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Завершить сессию&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, simply using &lt;code&gt;Выход&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;Выйти&lt;/code&gt; also would work fine, and be the shortest but less exact (may be not always). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Saying &lt;code&gt;разлогиниться&lt;/code&gt;, personally for me sounds nasty and I would never use it in my app.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="407" LastActivityDate="2014-01-06T13:32:34.143" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2994" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2996" CreationDate="2014-01-06T22:18:29.113" Score="9" ViewCount="1158" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why can't we say &quot;I'll win&quot; in Russian using only one word for &quot;win&quot;? Of course, we can use &quot;одержу победу&quot; (any other synonyms?). Maybe in the past it was possible and then for some reason the word became archaic? &#xA;Any info is appreciated! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2344" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T14:09:17.223" Title="Why can't we say &quot;I'll win&quot; in Russian using only one word for &quot;win&quot;?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2994" CreationDate="2014-01-06T23:42:31.063" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я выиграю&#xA;&#xA;Я выиграю в этой битве&#xA;Я выиграю в этой борьбе&#xA;Я выиграю в этой игре&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't say &quot;I'll win&quot; fom the world победить. But unexiting word &quot;победю&quot; some times used as a joke because it's sound funny for Russian ear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an example from the Vladimir Vysotsky song &quot;Про дикого вепря&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;А стрелок: – Да это что за награда?&#xA;Мне бы выкатить портвейна бадью!&#xA;Мол, принцессу мне и даром не надо –&#xA;Чуду-юду я и так победю. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://nvris.ucoz.ru/text/Visotski-3.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://nvris.ucoz.ru/text/Visotski-3.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2354" LastEditorUserId="2354" LastEditDate="2014-01-06T23:49:20.393" LastActivityDate="2014-01-06T23:49:20.393" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2994" CreationDate="2014-01-07T00:00:27.960" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Чего это «we can’t»? Я вот могу: «&lt;em&gt;Я побежу́&lt;/em&gt;». :-) Это абсолютно корректная грамматически форма (ср. с &lt;em&gt;доложу́&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;остужу́&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;подтвержу́&lt;/em&gt; и пр.), которая однако по некоторым причинам широко не употребляется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При этом стоит заметить, что это не единственная глагольная форма на &lt;em&gt;-жу&lt;/em&gt; , которой русскоговорящие избегают: из того же единственного числа первого лица будущего времени можно вспомнить, например, &lt;em&gt;убежу́&lt;/em&gt; (от &lt;em&gt;убеди́ть&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;отчужу́&lt;/em&gt; (от &lt;em&gt;отчуди́ть&lt;/em&gt;), из настоящего времени: &lt;em&gt;держу́&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;бужу́&lt;/em&gt; от &lt;em&gt;дерзи́ть&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;бузи́ть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наиболее правдоподобное об’яснение этому в том, что, как вы уже могли заметить, эти слова в точности совпадают с теми же грамматическими формами других, причем более распространенных, слов, а именно: &lt;em&gt;побежу́&lt;/em&gt; от &lt;em&gt;побежа́ть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;убежу́&lt;/em&gt; от &lt;em&gt;убежа́ть&lt;/em&gt; (формы не литературные, но существующие или по меньшей мере существовавшие), &lt;em&gt;отчужу́&lt;/em&gt; от &lt;em&gt;отчужда́ть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;держу́&lt;/em&gt; от &lt;em&gt;держа́ть&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;бужу́&lt;/em&gt; от &lt;em&gt;буди́ть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из неправдоподобных гипотез мне на просторах Сети встречалось утверждение, что «я побежу» было табуировано, чтоб не сглазить. Неправдоподобна она во-первых потому, что никак не об’ясняет трудностей c тем же &lt;em&gt;убедить&lt;/em&gt; и другими словами. А во-вторых потому, что в родственных языках, где смешения &lt;em&gt;побежу&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;побегу&lt;/em&gt; не было, никакого «табу» не возникло: по-белорусски будет &lt;em&gt;я перамагу́&lt;/em&gt;, по-украински &lt;em&gt;я перемо́жу&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Форма &lt;em&gt;победю́&lt;/em&gt; грамматически некорректна и, как справедливо заметил @alex, употребляются только в юмористическом контексте.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А стрелок: — Да это что за награда?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мне бы выкатить портвейна бадью!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мол, принцессу мне и даром не надо —&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Чу́ду-ю́ду я и так победю.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [В. Высоцкий. Про дикого вепря]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Побежду́&lt;/em&gt; же, насколько я могу понять, — это корректная церковнославянская форма.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;24 И ссѣку ѿ лица єгѡ враги єгѡ, и нєнавидѧщыѧ єго побѣжду:&#xA;  [Псалом 88, Елизаветинская библия]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Откуда она проникла в русский, где эпизодически использовалась в текстах высокаго штиля.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Коль любишь ты меня, пусть твой отец стремится&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Взнесенный на меня низринуть свой удар;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ко дщери я его храня во сердце жар,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Несправедливости его опровергая,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Умру иль побежду, Рамиду обожая.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [Я. Б. Княжнин. Вадим Новгородский, 1789]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я теку на брань и побежду; хощу, да по прибытии моем в Киев, когда сердца народные упоеваться будут радостию, — хощу, да первый, кто поздравит меня с победой, — будет прелестная София.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [В. Т. Нарежный. Славенские вечера, 1809]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так, сегодня Атрид победил с ясноокой Афиной;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  После и я побежду: покровители боги и с нами.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [Илиада в переводе Н. И. Гнедича, 1809–1829]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А возможно и более широко, по крайней мере именно ее дают как единственно возможную Н. И. Греч в своей «Пространной русской грамматике» (1827) и Я. К. Грот в «Русском правописании» (1902).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из однословных синонимов можно отметить &lt;em&gt;вы́играю [в чем-либо]&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;одоле́ю [кого-либо]&lt;/em&gt;, последнее относится к несколько возвышенному стилю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P. S. После всего вышесказанного мне, кстати, перестают казаться иронией  строки из «Фортуны» М. И. Цветаевой (1919):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В который раз дивлюсь&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Убожеству мужского лексикона!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Какое нищенство! Люблю, убью —&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Убью — люблю… Нет, наш словарь — богаче!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Взойду, взгляну и побежду… Взгляну —&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И не возьму...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нет, действительно: здесь «побежду» употреблено серьезно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P. P. S. Гуглопереводчик понимает &lt;em&gt;Я побежу&lt;/em&gt; таки как &lt;em&gt;I will run&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Я победю&lt;/em&gt; — как прошедшее &lt;em&gt;I won&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Я побежду&lt;/em&gt; — корректно определяя стилистическую разницу, но все равно как прошедшее &lt;em&gt;I defeated&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2015-09-14T14:09:17.223" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T14:09:17.223" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2997" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="2999" CreationDate="2014-01-07T07:36:02.553" Score="12" ViewCount="4232" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does &quot;ёшкин-кот&quot; mean? And when do I use it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1647" LastEditorUserId="109" LastEditDate="2014-01-07T11:50:59.090" LastActivityDate="2014-02-01T11:35:14.790" Title="What does &quot;ёшкин-кот&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2998" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3001" CreationDate="2014-01-07T10:43:08.387" Score="6" ViewCount="4557" Body="&lt;p&gt;«State of the art» is a chapter of almost every western dissertation and also is mentioned in most English language scientific papers. But how would one translate this phrase into Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Online translation tools get lost and attempt verbatum translations, which completely miss the point (and begin talking about art).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A dissertation for MRes can take a following form:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Introduction&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Literature review / State of the art (depending on what you are describing more)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Problem / Aims and objectives (depending on your wording, etc)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Work done&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Findings&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Conclusion&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Something like 'Future research' can be a part of conclusion or be a section before it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am using a submitted and accepted dissertation of mine as a reference for this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastEditorUserId="2311" LastEditDate="2014-01-07T16:34:05.103" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T07:57:34.857" Title="How to translate «State of the art»?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="2999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2997" CreationDate="2014-01-07T10:47:04.433" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is an expletive that somebody says when something negative happens. It is not a vulgar phrase, and is somewhat of a euphemism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase can be literally translated as &quot;A cat from Yoshkar-Ola&quot; (in fact there is a monument to this cat in that city), but of course it is never used in this sense..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most likely it is used as a euphemism, because a person already starts saying &quot;Ё&quot;, which is a beginning of &quot;ёб твою мать&quot;, but then is able to change what is being said. Thus it is akin to other similar phrases like &quot;ё моё&quot;(Yo of mine) or &quot;ёлки палки&quot;(spruce and sticks)/&quot;ёлки зелёные&quot;(green spruce).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another similar word of this kind is &quot;блин&quot; that is used due to the first two sounds being soft Б and soft Л.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To use any of these you would need to find yourself in a negative situation... and you would say something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ёшкин кот! Куда я засунул свои ключи?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastEditorUserId="2311" LastEditDate="2014-01-07T12:06:39.927" LastActivityDate="2014-01-07T12:06:39.927" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2998" CreationDate="2014-01-07T17:50:26.103" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian it’s called &lt;em&gt;состояние вопроса&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastActivityDate="2014-01-07T17:50:26.103" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2785" CreationDate="2014-01-08T01:45:03.480" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native speaker, I would mainly use the word &lt;code&gt;пахать&lt;/code&gt; in this sense.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Current Russian president used this verb to describe his activity in this role:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpylRAHnpn0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpylRAHnpn0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;пахать&lt;/code&gt; is a good verb to express hard exhausting work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other option would be &lt;code&gt;вкалывать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Въебывать&lt;/code&gt; sounds quite obscene to me. I doubt if I used it at all in my speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are talking about a student, you may use the modern verb &lt;code&gt;ботать&lt;/code&gt;. But it is rather colloquial and applicable to to people who study more like doing a burden.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastEditorUserId="298" LastEditDate="2014-01-09T12:58:56.917" LastActivityDate="2014-01-09T12:58:56.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3004" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-09T08:04:59.017" Score="4" ViewCount="1085" Body="&lt;p&gt;I tried to find closest word in English which means same as russian &quot;понт&quot; (not a geographical term, but a noun to &quot;show off&quot;), but failed. Is there any?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2373" LastEditorUserId="2207" LastEditDate="2014-01-09T15:47:37.837" LastActivityDate="2014-01-09T15:47:37.837" Title="What is the closest word in English for &quot;понт&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2014-01-09T18:24:07.807" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3004" CreationDate="2014-01-09T15:40:04.543" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a copy of &lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/a/145252/61716&quot;&gt;my answer&lt;/a&gt; at &lt;a href=&quot;http://english.stackexchange.com&quot;&gt;http://english.stackexchange.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Some variants: bluff, flossing, airs, grandstanding, peacockery, lugs. Bells and whistles, dress-off (for russian word &quot;понты&quot; which has a slightly different meaning).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2207" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:38:12.067" LastActivityDate="2014-01-09T15:40:04.543" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2998" CreationDate="2014-01-09T18:56:47.930" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Collins Dictionary says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the level of knowledge and development achieved in a technique,&#xA;  science, etc, esp at present&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I'd use something from the list below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;по последнему слову (техники)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;последние (новейшие) достижения (медицины)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;новейшие течения (в литературе)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;последний писк (моды)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;передовые (результаты ч-л)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;на гребне волны&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="88" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-01-10T16:03:41.057" LastActivityDate="2014-01-10T16:03:41.057" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2997" CreationDate="2014-01-09T21:27:59.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @Askar Kalykov mentioned in a comment, it could be related to &quot;Баба Яга&quot;. The following link seems to confirm this version:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://nashi-koshi.ru/kto-takoy-yoshkin-kot/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://nashi-koshi.ru/kto-takoy-yoshkin-kot/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I think, it should be rather &quot;ежкин кот&quot; (Ezhkin-kot) if it is a derivative from &quot;Баба Яга&quot;. But &quot;zh&quot; of course could become &quot;sh&quot; at some point.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(Sorry I put it as an answer instead of a comment: 1. I can't comment due to lack of reputation; and 2. When I first saw this question, the first thing which came to my mind was &quot;it must be ezhkin&quot;, and now after Askar Kalykov comment it looks plausible).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2344" LastActivityDate="2014-01-09T21:27:59.380" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2785" CreationDate="2014-01-10T20:24:01.523" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am quite surprised not to find the option &quot;корпеть&quot;, which came first to my mind. It means a long tedious work which requires attention and often writing, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он всю ночь корпел над статьей (= писал статью)&#xA;Хватит корпеть над декорациями, они и так хорошо вышли (= хватит рисовать и расставлять декорации)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2014-01-10T20:24:01.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3009" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-10T20:34:22.253" Score="5" ViewCount="1625" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как можно объяснить иностранному студенту, для каких прилагательных надо использовать суффикс -ов-/-ев-, а в каких случаях суффикс -н-?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, есть прилагательные &quot;яблочный&quot;, &quot;молочный&quot; и &quot;тучный&quot;, но нет прилагательных &quot;яблоковый&quot;, &quot;молоковый&quot; и &quot;туковый&quot;. С другой стороны, есть прилагательные &quot;сливовый&quot;, и никто не говорит &quot;сливный (сок)&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думала, что это как-то связано с конечной согласной корня, например, прилагательные, образованный от слов на -к-, образуются с суффиксом -н-. Но такие слова как &quot;замковый&quot; и &quot;замочный&quot;, &quot;паровой&quot; и &quot;парный&quot; не согласуются с этим правилом. Может, есть целая система правил?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="2207" LastEditDate="2014-01-11T11:04:21.043" LastActivityDate="2014-01-11T11:04:21.043" Title="Как образовывать прилагательные с суффиксами -н- и -ов-?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3009" CreationDate="2014-01-10T21:07:48.063" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Извините, но прилагательное &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/efremova/256408/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;туковый&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; существует, также существует и &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/searchall.php?stype=undefined&amp;amp;SWord=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;сливный&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (сок), хотя оно отмечено в словарях как устаревшее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;От одного и того же корня часто образуются оба прилагательные, и с &lt;code&gt;-ов-/-ев-&lt;/code&gt;, и с &lt;code&gt;-н-&lt;/code&gt;, оба слова в таких парах, как правило, выступают с разными значениями или с разными оттенками значения. Примеров предостаточно:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;стенный - стенной - стеновой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[на]польный - половой &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;стольный - столовый - столовой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;кружный - кружной - круговой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;плужный - плуговой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;сердечный - сердцевой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[на]домный - домовый - домовой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;конный - коневой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;передний - передовой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ладный - ладовый&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;снежный - снеговой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И так далее, и тому подобное. Боюсь, что единого правила тут не существует. Единственное что можно заметить в таких парах, это то, что слова с &lt;code&gt;-н-&lt;/code&gt; имеют более конкретный, материальный смысл, в то время как слова с &lt;code&gt;-ов-/-ев-&lt;/code&gt; - более абстрактный, отвлечённый. Но даже это выполняется далеко не всегда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2014-01-10T21:35:31.993" LastActivityDate="2014-01-10T21:35:31.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3009" CreationDate="2014-01-10T21:09:42.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Думаю что здесь играет роль традиция словоупотребления, а также тот факт, что из пары возможных слов с разными суффиксами одно имеет неудачное или неуместное созвучие с другим существующим прилагательным. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например &quot;замковый&quot; - относящийся к зАмку (строению), а &quot;замочный&quot; - относящийся к замкУ (запорному механизму). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Молоковый может быть от слова &quot;молоки&quot; (рыбные внутренности).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Сливный&quot; скорее происходит от слова &quot;слив&quot;, т.е. синоним слова &quot;сточный&quot;. (Кстати, в свое время был удивлен выражением &quot;помидоровый сок&quot;, оказывается так тоже говорят, хотя я бы употребил &quot;помидорный&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кроме того некоторые слова из пары могут иметь &quot;плохую славу&quot;. Так например из пары слов волнующий/волнительный второе считается &quot;плохим&quot; и уже мало кто помнит почему. Оказывается в конце XIX - начале ХХ века &quot;волнительный&quot; начал использовать Станиславский  для обозначения особого оттенка волнения. Оно проникло в актерский жаргон и со временем приобрело оттенок жеманства. Происхождение слова забылось, а плохое отношение к нему осталось до сих пор (хотя когда-то его употреблял Толстой). В то же время из пары трогающий/трогательный сегодня используется второе, а &quot;трогающий&quot; уже практически не используется (об этом &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7wdgtPB8Tk&amp;amp;noredirect=1#t=920&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;рассказывает Ирина Левонтина&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-01-10T22:25:48.230" LastActivityDate="2014-01-10T22:25:48.230" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2980" CreationDate="2014-01-10T21:28:08.463" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think what is meant is that you connected to something using your name and password and now someone else wants to use the computer but your session is still open. In this case, I usually say either &quot;Выйди из моего эккаунта&quot; or &quot;Закрой мой эккаунт&quot; (&quot;account&quot; is almost a Russian word nowadays), depending upon whether he is going to use the same/related application or an independent/different one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of the computer terminology is russified English anyway, so no matter how hard you try,&#xA;you can choose only between the years the words became common and the degrees of their russification, not between a slavic root and a roman root.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1934" LastActivityDate="2014-01-10T21:28:08.463" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2997" CreationDate="2014-01-12T04:19:03.933" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Volodya provided you an accurate translation, and TT_ gave some additional background.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it's worth noting that &quot;ёшкин-кот&quot; (as well as &quot;ёлки-палки&quot;, &quot;ёлки-зелёные&quot;, &quot;ёлки-моталки&quot; etc.) is much different from euphemisms like &quot;блин&quot;, &quot;твою ж налево&quot;, &quot;бляха-муха&quot;, and I would like to point out when you should &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; use &quot;ёшкин-кот&quot;, and when you can hear it from native-speakers, as an answer to the &quot;when do I use it?&quot; part of your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As most other euphemisms, do not use &quot;ёшкин-кот&quot; in any formal context. It is a casual phrase, and could be considered as an evidence of your immaturity and unprofessionalism when used inappropriately.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Ёшкин-кот&quot;, is used predominantly in a &lt;strong&gt;humorous context&lt;/strong&gt;, where the joke is often the fact that you used this phrase. It is inherently humorous, whereas &quot;блин&quot; (euphemism of &quot;блять&quot;), &quot;твою ж налево&quot; (euphemism of &quot;твою мать&quot;) or &quot;бляха-муха&quot; (same as &quot;блин&quot;) are commonly used without humorous intentions. &#xA;&quot;Ёшкин-кот&quot; is not likely to be heard as a strong emotional exclamation in a serious conversation. Especially it would be uncommon to hear it being stressed. To put it into context, if a person in a hospital receives news of a serious illness and exclaims loudly: &quot;Ёшкин-кот!&quot;, people around might get confused, some might be even tempted to giggle, even when it would be inappropriate.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2386" LastEditorUserId="2386" LastEditDate="2014-01-12T20:48:38.243" LastActivityDate="2014-01-12T20:48:38.243" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2947" CreationDate="2014-01-12T17:54:31.527" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Радиус-вектор is a vector, which is a radius, while for the single-row / single-column matrix it is the other way round. The primary concept is that of a row or a column, and being a vector is a secondary one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, I would assume that радиус-вектор is an old compound, which was directly copied from, say, German: &lt;a href=&quot;http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortsvektor&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortsvektor&lt;/a&gt; . This is true of so many scientific terms! English wasn't an influential language of science (and in general) in Russia until 20th century. That's why so many words familiar to the English speaker look strange or have queer stress in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вектор-строка&quot; and &quot;вектор-столбец&quot; look to my eye like native-coined terms. We did not use them at all, mostly just referring to the rows and columns as &quot;строка&quot; as &quot;столбец&quot;. In German they are Spaltenvektor and Zeilenvektor, so the words were definitely not borrowed as-is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-01-12T17:54:31.527" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3020" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3022" CreationDate="2014-01-12T21:32:01.410" Score="4" ViewCount="1145" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему &lt;em&gt;баю-бай&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;баюшки&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;басиньки&lt;/em&gt; и т. д. в русском языке ассоциируются со сном? Эти слова и другие, образованные от них, встречаются практически во всех колыбельных. Интересно, чем это вызвано и с каких времен?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are words &lt;em&gt;баю-бай&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;баюшки&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;басиньки&lt;/em&gt; etc. in Russian language associated with sleep?  These words and other similar ones are used in pretty much all lullabies.  I wonder why it is so and since when.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2016-12-27T17:37:20.580" Title="Почему &quot;баю-бай&quot; итд? / Why &quot;баю-бай&quot; etc?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2997" CreationDate="2014-01-12T22:27:30.407" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most of the answers go beyond the scope of the question.  The OP wanted to know what it meant and when to use it.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll start with part 2.  You should probably never use it.  It's a silly, archaic, and mostly regional expression and will not add to your proficiency in the language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to the meaning, the ё definitely puts the expression in the &quot;almost profane&quot; category, since it's using the first letter of a profane root.  As to whether the origins are in Йошка-Ола or Баба-ёжка, no one will probably ever tell with confidence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2390" LastActivityDate="2014-01-12T22:27:30.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3020" CreationDate="2014-01-12T22:38:43.813" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, let me point out that questions in form &quot;Why is this specific word associated with this specific concept&quot; are not that good. Why is Russian &quot;хрю&quot; associated with what is described in English with &quot;oink&quot;? Why in vulgar Latin did &quot;caballus&quot; override the usage of &quot;equus&quot;? As to me, those are a bit broader than a valuable question can contain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, about &quot;баю-бай&quot;. It is closely related to the russian word &quot;байка&quot;, both these words are derivatives of the verb &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;баять&lt;/a&gt;&quot; - which can be translated as (among other things) &quot;to cast a spell&quot;. The very same root can be met in &quot;обаяние&quot; (charm) and &quot;басня&quot; (fable). Moreover, fable is actually related tо &quot;баять&quot; оn a PIE level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &quot;басиньки&quot; - I guess it's a way to mimic childish speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-12-27T17:37:20.580" LastActivityDate="2016-12-27T17:37:20.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3023" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3024" CreationDate="2014-01-13T00:20:39.430" Score="2" ViewCount="517" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always get tripped up trying to say simple things like these in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I like listening to you speak.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I like watching you work.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I'd like to watch you play a videogame.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I usually start to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я люблю слушать...&lt;em&gt;(неловкая пауза)&lt;/em&gt;...когда/пока ты говоришь.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я люблю смотреть когда ты работаешь.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я хотел бы смотреть... &lt;em&gt;(совсем не знаю!)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These always sounds very awkward and incorrect to me. Is there an alternative, simple and informal construction that might help me avoid getting stuck like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="313" LastActivityDate="2014-01-16T21:05:38.980" Title="How do you say &quot;Listen to you play&quot; or &quot;Watch you work&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3023" CreationDate="2014-01-13T00:57:29.987" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Универсальное слово &quot;как&quot; подойдет сюда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я люблю слушать, как ты говоришь.&#xA;Я люблю смотреть, как ты работаешь.&#xA;Я бы посмотрел, как ты играешь в игры&#xA;(Я бы хотел смотреть, как ты играешь в игры)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2273" LastEditorUserId="2273" LastEditDate="2014-01-16T21:05:38.980" LastActivityDate="2014-01-16T21:05:38.980" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3025" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-13T03:09:59.220" Score="4" ViewCount="257" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder whether the following suffixes in fact the Latin borrowings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-арь- as in вратарь, писарь, мытарь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-аль- as in брутальный, паяльный, читальный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2014-01-13T07:11:47.913" LastActivityDate="2014-01-19T21:29:57.970" Title="Origin of suffixes -арь- and -аль-" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;&lt;суффиксы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3025" CreationDate="2014-01-13T03:49:50.613" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Despite that Vasmer in fact ignores the words with “-арь” suffix, the comparison of terms having that suffix drops hints about it‘s latin roots: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-ārius &lt;em&gt;m&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;f.&lt;/em&gt; -āria, &lt;em&gt;n.&lt;/em&gt; -ārium)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See: псарь, свинарь, виноградарь, ключарь, чеботарь, ложкарь, штукарь, плугарь, пушкарь, косарь, кобзарь, библиотекарь, аптекарь, почтарь, корчмарь, волгарь (and it‘s derivative «болгар[ин]»), главарь, бунтарь, пескарь, словарь, букварь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The etymology of “-аль” is more vague. In “дуальный” and “натуральный” it’s definitely derived from Latin “duālis”/“nātūrālis”:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-ālis &lt;em&gt;m&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;n.&lt;/em&gt; -āle)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there is as well “москаль”, which looks like awry “москарь”. And there are “планетарный”, “легендарный” etc which have no affiliation with humans (as proper “-arius“ do.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since “р” and “л” sound quite similar, I would suggest that both those suffices are originated to their latin analogues, but nowadays some of they migrate from one to another according to common rules of russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2383" LastActivityDate="2014-01-13T03:49:50.613" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3027" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3029" CreationDate="2014-01-13T04:12:33.513" Score="16" ViewCount="949" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any common rule of when to append the “о” vowel to “к” preposition in front of words starting with “в”?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays almost nobody says e.g. “ко врачу,” it sounds quite archaic. I hear a slight semantic difference in intentions gravity, though:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Этот отчет должен быть готов &lt;strong&gt;ко&lt;/strong&gt; вторнику. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вечер понедельника удался, и &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt; вторнику я оказался не готов.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“не готов ко вторнику” here was nearly “have not completed some task until Tuesday,” while “не готов к вторнику” states for “did not consider that Tuesday comes so suddenly.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are these the alien voices in my head or the meaning really differs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2383" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T18:55:23.207" Title="“к” vs “ко” preposition" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2879" CreationDate="2014-01-13T06:45:40.537" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если верить &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_plane&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;этой&lt;/a&gt; статье, то &lt;code&gt;Bit-Plane&lt;/code&gt; соответствует определению &lt;code&gt;битовая плоскость&lt;/code&gt;. Так что корректным переводом станет &lt;code&gt;кодировщик битовых плоскостей&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Bitplane is sometimes used as synonymous to Bitmap; however, technically the former refers to the location of the data in memory and the latter to the data itself&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;если был использован подобный контекст, то можно использовать в качестве перевода &lt;code&gt;Карта битов&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1769" LastActivityDate="2014-01-13T06:45:40.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3027" CreationDate="2014-01-13T07:19:33.463" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a preposition that governs the Egressive semantical case, meaning &quot;by the time of&quot; (while the morphological case is Dative).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Egressive is not morphologically independent case in Russian, its forms are always the same as of Dative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;я готовился к встрече&#xA;ко встрече я уже был осведомлен о новостях&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In many respects the preposition ко is similar to the preposition во, which is used with Locative. If the word is monosyllabic and has a flying vowel in root, then in Locative case the preposition becomes во, while in Prepositional case it remains в:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;во сне я летал&#xA;в сне много пользы&#xA;&#xA;лежать во льну &#xA;в льне много пользы&#xA;&#xA;бежать во ржи&#xA;в ржи много белка&#xA;&#xA;болячка во рту &#xA;&#xA;под насыпью во рву&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some other words also require the во for Locative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я разочаровался во главе правительства &#xA;(= I became disappointed while being the head of government)&#xA;&#xA;Я разочаровался в главе правительства &#xA;(= I became disappointed with the head of government)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-04-22T18:55:23.207" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T18:55:23.207" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3023" CreationDate="2014-01-13T10:31:57.170" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;cha's answer is just the way you do it! In Russian &quot;как&quot; is very productive for sentences describing perceiving someone/something performing an action. I.e. not only sentences like &quot;I like listening to you singing&quot;, but also &quot;I saw you waiting&quot;, &quot;I heard you stumbling&quot;, &quot;I watched you playing the concert&quot; and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just use &quot;I &quot; + как + the action in present, as in:&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Люблю слушать, как ты говоришь.&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;*Мне нравится слушать, как ты играешь на гитаре, когда одна.*&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Я видел (-а), как ты прошёл игру.&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;*Хотел (хотела) бы посмотреть, как ты в неё играешь.* (&quot;в неё&quot; here is a reference to a previously mentioned game, for example)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &quot;I like listening to &lt;strong&gt;how&lt;/strong&gt; you play&quot;, you can use emphasis on &lt;em&gt;КАК&lt;/em&gt; word in speech or rephrase to something more explicit, as in:&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Мне нравится, как ты играешь.&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;*Интересно посмотреть за твоей работой — можно?* (~'It'd be interesting to watch you working - may I?')&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Можно посмотреть, как ты играешь?&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;*Люблю твоё пение.*&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Мне нравится то, как ты читаешь стихи.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though, remember that the short variants &quot;Люблю, как ты поёшь&quot; sound more natural and colloquial than nouns (&quot;Люблю твоё пение&quot;), and in some cases much more natural (&quot;Люблю твоё чтение стихов&quot; - meh). Not for every possible activity a good deverbal noun exists that doesn't sound stilted. Inserting &quot;то, как&quot; for no real reason will also make it slightly mor bookish (I am not referring to the cases where &quot;то&quot; cannot be omitted). All these phrases are more or less similar in general meaning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you can always make the meaning clear in further conversation. E.g. &quot;У тебя хорошо получается&quot;, &quot;У тебя приятный мелодичный голос&quot;, &quot;Я вряд ли так смогу&quot;, &quot;Никогда не умела&quot; and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-01-13T10:31:57.170" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2879" CreationDate="2014-01-13T20:41:33.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нет, это не bitmap, bitmap совсем другая штука (и переводится как растр).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А здесь можно перевести как битовая плоскость. Там даже определение есть:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bit plane b consists of the b-th bit of the two’s-complement integer representation of each DC coefficient, and the b-th bit of the binary integer representation of the magnitude of each AC coefficient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если что, я программист.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2014-01-13T20:41:33.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3032" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-14T00:48:05.177" Score="5" ViewCount="1008" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the Russian word &quot;ёлка&quot; related to the English word &quot;yule&quot;? &quot;Yule&quot; is related to Old Norse &quot;jol,&quot; which refers to an old pagan feast of midwinter. There could easily be some Norse words surviving in Russian, so it is not too far-fetched. And it isn't hard to imagine the English word &quot;Yule log&quot; referring to a fir wood, as the Russian word does. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2393" LastActivityDate="2014-01-14T02:41:35.580" Title="What is the etymology of the Russian word &quot;ёлка&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3032" CreationDate="2014-01-14T02:41:35.580" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Original word is &quot;ель&quot; and in all Balto-Slavic languages there exists a word sharing the same original root and used as a term for the conifers. Here's &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot;&gt;a quote&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;церк.-слав. ѥла (греч. ἐλάτη), русск. ель, укр. єль, їль, яль, болг.&#xA;  ела́, сербохорв. jе́лa, словенск. jêl (род. п. jelȋ), др.-чешск.&#xA;  jedla, чешск. jedle ж. «пихта», словацк. jedľa, польск. jodła, в.-луж.&#xA;  jědla, н.-луж. jedła. Первонач., вероятно, древняя индоевр. основа на&#xA;  -о ж. р. Родственно др.-прусск. addle, лит. ẽglė, латышск. egle «ель»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &quot;jol&quot;, here's another &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/j%C3%B3l&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;From Old Norse jól, cognate with Danish, Norwegian, Swedish jul,&#xA;  Icelandic jól, Old English geōl and English Yule, from Proto-Germanic&#xA;  *jehwlą, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *yekə- (“joke, play”).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, the answer to your question is &quot;no, these words are not related&quot;.&#xA;Also I want to noticed that both quotes can be found very easily and it is always better to try to google such things before asking questions here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just like on any Stack, the attempt to take some actions before producing a question is welcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2014-01-14T02:41:35.580" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3034" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3040" CreationDate="2014-01-14T19:29:28.733" Score="5" ViewCount="371" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have always been taught, and have used, the word &quot;чем&quot; when making comparisons (or the genitive case sometimes). However, I have recently encountered the word &quot;нежели&quot; several times in books, used just like &quot;чем&quot;. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Этот мир оказался притягательнее, &lt;strong&gt;нежели&lt;/strong&gt; тот, в котором мы к тому времени прожили...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this rather bookish/formal? Should I attempt to incorporate it into my speech, or will it sound strange in most situations? Does it have subtleties that differentiate it from &quot;чем&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="313" LastActivityDate="2014-01-15T09:59:08.723" Title="&quot;нежели&quot; vs. &quot;чем&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3035" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-14T20:20:34.390" Score="9" ViewCount="591" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically the title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have just had a discussion with some of my friends and we could not come up with the origin of this saying.  The best we could come up with was that it sounded closer to &quot;молодец&quot; или &quot;молодчина&quot; but could not tie &quot;молоток&quot; to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="123" LastActivityDate="2014-01-17T10:16:48.987" Title="What's the origin of saying: &quot;Ну ты молоток!&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3034" CreationDate="2014-01-15T09:28:01.807" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not only &quot;нежели&quot; is more bookish, like @YellowSky had already mentioned, but is is also cannot be used in all contexts, even when &quot;high-style&quot; speech is appropriate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, you can not say:&#xA;&quot;Нежели дурью маяться, сходил бы погулял&quot; (this will sound very unnatural even in &#xA;&quot;bookish&quot; speech) but only&#xA;&quot;Чем дурью маяться, сходил бы погулял&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though in past, indeed, those were 100% interchangeable. But nowadays forms like &quot;нежели чем&quot; instead of &quot;прежде чем&quot; are completely out of usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it worth to mention a common mistake of modern native speakers - the usage of redundantly complex form &quot;нежели чем&quot; (&quot;Для мужчин рак груди более опасен нежели, чем для женщин&quot;). In most cases it's nothing more than an overkill :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2014-01-15T09:34:33.350" LastActivityDate="2014-01-15T09:34:33.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3034" CreationDate="2014-01-15T09:59:08.723" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Нежели&quot; is bookish, but it is not archaic. I use it in everyday speech quite often, and dictionaries do not mark it as obsolete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Большой Толковый Словарь, it can be used in all the same contexts as &quot;чем&quot;. However, I can notice some differences that are not described in the dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) I prefer to use &quot;чем&quot; instead of &quot;нежели&quot; to introduce a comparison which is expressed as a sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Горы были выше, чем я предполагал. (I will not use &quot;нежели&quot; here, it sounds odd)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Горы были выше, чем на Кавказе. (I can use &quot;нежели&quot; here, it will sound natural)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) You can use &quot;нежели&quot; with adjectives in analytic form, i.e. forms with &quot;более\менее&quot;. &quot;чем&quot; doesn't work with analytic forms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Время от времени вырождение, снижение активности и продуктивности более удобны, нежели эволюция&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Время от времени вырождение, снижение активности и продуктивности удобнее, чем эволюция &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2014-01-15T09:59:08.723" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="332" CreationDate="2014-01-16T20:41:15.723" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try &lt;a href=&quot;http://russiangram.com&quot;&gt;russiangram.com&lt;/a&gt;.  It's free and does exactly what you want: add stress marks and dots above the letter Ё.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2014-01-16T20:41:15.723" CommentCount="6" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-11-23T11:19:58.690" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3042" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="332" CreationDate="2014-01-16T21:43:31.660" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a stress marker on my personal website. It searches for words &lt;a href=&quot;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/morphque.cgi?flags=endnnnnp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and matches the words given with regex. It does not matter if the word is conjugated or not, but keep in mind it cannot know whether to use i.e. &lt;code&gt;&lt;b&gt;О&lt;/b&gt;блака&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;облак&lt;b&gt;А&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. And before searching you need to make it lowercase and strip the dots off of &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2360" LastActivityDate="2014-01-16T21:43:31.660" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-11-23T11:19:58.690" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3035" CreationDate="2014-01-17T10:08:44.230" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Молоток&lt;/em&gt; is a slang and jokey word for &lt;em&gt;молодец&lt;/em&gt;, which is a noun in Russian corresponding to the English expression &quot;well done&quot;. (Reference: Большой толковый словарь под ред. Кузнецова).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason exactly the word &lt;em&gt;молоток&lt;/em&gt; is used is not explained in dictionaries I saw. But one could speculate with a rather high chance of hitting the point that &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the two words sound similar due to sharing the first two syllables and the same stress on the last syllable &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the word &lt;em&gt;молоток&lt;/em&gt; literally means &lt;em&gt;hammer&lt;/em&gt; i.e. an instrument used to accomplish a task requiring some skill.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2014-01-17T10:16:48.987" LastActivityDate="2014-01-17T10:16:48.987" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3045" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4459" CreationDate="2014-01-17T12:19:10.093" Score="7" ViewCount="593" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the word &quot;зелёный&quot; a noun here?:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot;&gt;Бриллиантовый зелёный&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2014-05-12T01:13:06.860" Title="Is the word &quot;зелёный&quot; a noun in this case?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3045" CreationDate="2014-01-17T13:08:27.333" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Almost, but not quite. I'm not sure how the corresponding grammar construction is called (it is some kind of ellipsis), but what is going on is that there is an omitted noun (&quot;color&quot;), which doesn't appear because the speaker wants to be brief but which transfers all its grammatical properties to the adjective &quot;green&quot;. Compare with&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Какая машина твоя?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   — С прицепом.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Там две таких. Которая с прицепом?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Синяя с прицепом, без правого зеркала.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Да у твоей с прицепом все шины спущены!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that if the first question were&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Какой автомобиль твой?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the same combination of words  &quot;с прицепом&quot; would borrow the masculine gender and the following dialog would read&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— С прицепом.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Там два таких, который с прицепом?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Синий с прицепом, без правого зеркала.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Да у твоего с прицепом все шины спущены!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so it is clear that while the role of &lt;em&gt;с прицепом&lt;/em&gt; in the sentence is pretty much indistinguishable from the role of a noun, the true noun (&quot;car&quot;) is hiding behind it&#xA;and the best name for &lt;em&gt;с прицепом&lt;/em&gt; would be something like a &quot;noun impostor&quot; (there is no such term, of course, but that's more or less what it really is).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1934" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2014-05-10T13:18:51.303" LastActivityDate="2014-05-10T13:18:51.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3045" CreationDate="2014-01-17T13:25:25.653" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is called &lt;em&gt;субстантивированное прилагательное&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;substantivized adjective&quot;, an adjective used as a noun. There are a lot of them in Russian, and usually they have a generic noun associated with them, but it is usually elided. As for &lt;code&gt;бриллиантовый зелёный&lt;/code&gt; the generic noun is &quot;краситель&quot; (pigment, dye), not &quot;color&quot; as @fedja suggested.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-01-17T13:25:25.653" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2742" CreationDate="2014-01-18T13:37:52.273" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;this sentence is found in the first chapter of Бытие (Генесис -- Genesis), the first book of the Bible. Certainly, it means &quot;Let there be light&quot; in the polite King James english version of the bible. Here &quot;Да&quot; is an emphasis particle and &quot;будет&quot; is the third person of the future of the verb &quot;быть&quot; (to be).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2418" LastActivityDate="2014-01-18T13:37:52.273" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3025" CreationDate="2014-01-19T21:29:57.970" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ru.wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; agrees w.r.t. -арь, referencing Antoine Meillet &lt;em&gt;Le slave commun&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;*-arjь (суффикс профессии, отсюда рус. -арь) &amp;lt; прагерм. *-arjoz &amp;lt; лат. -arius&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Аль&quot; is not a single suffix. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There's '-л-' in words like пада-л-ь, бы-л-ь, порос-л-ь (it's a suffix signifying a phenomenon; some words with -аль are here)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;then there's '-л-' in words like чита-л-ьня, вмести-л-ище (it's an interfix, i.e. has no semantic value of its own; some words with -аль- in them are in this category)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and then there are words like брутальный, лояльный, стерильный which are borrowed wholesale (many words with -аль-, this one is derived from Latin -alis)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other meanings of the -л- suffix, but these don't seem to produce any -аль- combinations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="248" LastActivityDate="2014-01-19T21:29:57.970" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3052" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3053" CreationDate="2014-01-25T16:48:56.417" Score="7" ViewCount="1394" Body="&lt;p&gt;Someone told me they are pronounced like &quot;и&quot;, but when I listen to sound files on wiktionary.com, they are pronounced like &quot;ш/ч&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example the word &quot;горячий&quot; is pronounced according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot;&gt;wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; something like &quot;горячих&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2443" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2014-01-25T20:13:22.117" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T16:48:24.683" Title="How is the ending &quot;-ий&quot; pronounced?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3053" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3052" CreationDate="2014-01-25T18:07:52.660" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The IPA on wiktionary is correct, the ending is [ij]. You are confused because of her lack of voicing the final [j] and probably lack of recording de-essing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that the [j] sound is much stronger than English [ɪ] in words like &lt;em&gt;pay&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2014-10-23T12:19:00.100" LastActivityDate="2014-10-23T12:19:00.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3052" CreationDate="2014-01-25T18:26:38.923" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The one who told you that it's pronounced like &lt;em&gt;-и&lt;/em&gt;, is mistaken but I could understand why: the last й is often weakened when in absolutely final position but you still can't skip it totally.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;What you took for a щ is actually a voiceless й (an [ç], something roughly similar to хь, phonetically speaking). As far as I know, such pronunciation is not considered as a norm but is not erroneous, either. To me it's a bit archaic, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2442" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2021-01-13T16:48:24.683" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T16:48:24.683" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="3055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3052" CreationDate="2014-01-25T20:30:38.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can find examples of the Russian pronunciations word &quot;горячий&quot; on this page:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.forvo.com/search/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://ru.forvo.com/search/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2354" LastActivityDate="2014-01-25T20:30:38.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3052" CreationDate="2014-01-26T10:29:00.983" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Even though jot is weakened in the absolute end, it could barely be considered right to pronounce it like German pronounce -ig in adjectives and -ch. Weakened jot is a middle-tongue fricative sound, whereas -хь (or German -ch as well) is actually closer to be an affricat from the sound and Russian &quot;х&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2014-01-26T10:29:00.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3060" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3063" CreationDate="2014-01-28T00:38:23.320" Score="11" ViewCount="859" Body="&lt;p&gt;My text editor tells me that &lt;em&gt;водолазовой&lt;/em&gt; is wrong and suggests me &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;водолазов ой&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;or &lt;em&gt;водолазной&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;or &lt;em&gt;водолазкой&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;or &lt;em&gt;водолазный&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;or &lt;em&gt;водолазка&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using Google Translator I was not able to decide what could be the right one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That word comes from the Sergei Esenin's poem &lt;em&gt;Черный человек&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Черный человек!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ты не смеешь этого!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ты ведь не на службе&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Живешь водолазовой.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Что мне до жизни&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Скандального поэта.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2325" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-10T13:15:49.693" LastActivityDate="2014-05-10T13:15:49.693" Title="What does водолазовой mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3062" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3060" CreationDate="2014-01-28T02:03:25.513" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, the word &lt;em&gt;водолазовой&lt;/em&gt; (fem. gen. from &lt;em&gt;водолазовый&lt;/em&gt;) is the only right one here of course. If you do not trust your copy of the book, the Internet (Esenin’s poetry is very easy to found), trust your sense of rhythm – no one of your suggestions fit the metre. Spell-checker and Google Translate are not good tools to analyse lyric poetry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The literal sense of &lt;em&gt;водолазовый&lt;/em&gt; is close to word &lt;em&gt;водолазный&lt;/em&gt; which is a mere adjective from &lt;em&gt;водолаз&lt;/em&gt; – a professional diver; but &lt;em&gt;водолазный&lt;/em&gt; may be connected with diving (e. g. &lt;em&gt;водолазный костюм&lt;/em&gt; – diving suite) while &lt;em&gt;водолазовый&lt;/em&gt; only with diver as a person (it’s so called possessive adjective). So the literal sense of &lt;em&gt;водолазовая служба&lt;/em&gt; is diving service. There is still no much sense in the context of the poem, is it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well. I don’t have any proofs at hand now, but as far I remember &lt;em&gt;водолаз&lt;/em&gt; is the slang word for priest (&lt;em&gt;поп&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;священник&lt;/em&gt;) here. I can’t say have it word ever been widely understandable in this sense, nowadays it is not. Anyway, in common words author says to &lt;em&gt;черный человек&lt;/em&gt;: ‘You are not a pastor. Please, tell your stories to someone else, not me’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты ведь не на службе / Живешь водолазовой. ... Пожалуйста, другим / Читай и рассказывай.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-01-28T02:29:19.000" LastActivityDate="2014-01-28T02:29:19.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3060" CreationDate="2014-01-28T05:21:33.547" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Водолазовой&quot; here is an adjective that comes in pair with word &quot;службе&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты ведь не на &lt;strong&gt;службе&lt;/strong&gt; / Живешь &lt;strong&gt;водолазовой&lt;/strong&gt;. = Ты ведь живешь не на &lt;strong&gt;водолазовой службе&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Водолазовая служба&lt;/strong&gt; literary means &lt;strong&gt;diver's service&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why Esenin is using this metaphor is not clear for many people - there are a lot of questions about it on many internet sites. In the book &lt;a href=&quot;http://litrus.net/book/read/3760?p=70&quot;&gt;&quot;Неизвестный Есенин&quot;&lt;/a&gt; the author proposes a version about a story that could be known to Esenin about a diver that gone mad when found a &quot;forest&quot; of drowned people (killed by bolsheviks). Another possibility is that Esenin says &quot;don't dive into the depths of my soul&quot;. Or maybe Esenin thinks that he is &quot;drowned&quot; and asks the diver that wants to rescue him to go away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for spell checker suggestions, there was a known bug in MS Word's spell checker a couple years ago that made funny suggestions for &quot;wrong&quot; words. For instance, it suggested to replace the word &lt;em&gt;завязочками&lt;/em&gt; (like in &quot;папка с завязочками&quot;) with &quot;завяз очками&quot; (got stuck with eye-glasses). All words with &quot;-очками&quot; ending were suspicious and many gave funny replacement suggestions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, spell checker is not always right, especially when the words are rare or the text is rather old or poetic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looks like version that &lt;em&gt;водолаз&lt;/em&gt; is synonym for &lt;em&gt;священник&lt;/em&gt; has many supporters. For example, here the priest's youtube channel that is called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/user/sluzhbavodolazova/about&quot;&gt;Служба Водолазова&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.gramota.ru/forum/read.php?f=26&amp;amp;i=17162&amp;amp;t=17095&quot;&gt;Gramota.ru forum&lt;/a&gt; the following citation is posted:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У Макаренко, в &quot;Педагогической поэме&quot;: &quot;А вот пусть Осип Иванович скажет: для какого хрена &lt;em&gt;водолазы&lt;/em&gt; здесь это, понадобились?&quot;, когда пришли сватать колонистку и говорили о церковном венчании.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...Про водолаза говорит не воспитанник колонии, а работавший там Силантий, самый что ни на есть сельский трудяга, и говорит он простому крестьянину, причем оба друг друга прекрасно понимают.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-01-29T05:20:56.827" LastActivityDate="2014-01-29T05:20:56.827" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3064" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-01-29T03:42:18.913" Score="2" ViewCount="433" Body="&lt;p&gt;3rd year student here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I came across &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.grammatica.eu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;grammatica&lt;/a&gt; and it looks incredibly useful for cementing grammatical structures. It would be a dream to quickly double check a structure. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately it is windows-only and the web version is several months off (per an email exchange with the developer). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there another similar resource? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not I apologize for wasting bandwidth, but it seemed to me that such a resource would be useful to others as well.  If there is no such resource on the mac, do you have any advice as to how one should go about using short stories for grammar acquisition. I feel too passive in just reading them. Perhaps diagramming sentences? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2462" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-10T13:15:27.967" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T13:58:44.347" Title="Is there a mac equivalent of the parsing software grammatica? It looks supremely useful" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;resources&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2014-07-06T06:58:03.857" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3067" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="3068" CreationDate="2014-02-01T03:07:52.667" Score="2" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Has time stopped you?&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;or &lt;em&gt;Have you stopped time?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;or could it be &lt;em&gt;Has time stopped for you?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure how &lt;em&gt;тебя&lt;/em&gt; or genitive case works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2480" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-10T13:19:13.420" LastActivityDate="2014-05-10T14:30:45.593" Title="&quot;Время остановилось у тебя?&quot; - who is subject/object?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3067" CreationDate="2014-02-01T03:43:39.397" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The subject is undoubtedly &lt;code&gt;время&lt;/code&gt;, it is in the Nominative case, a typical case of the subject, and in Russian the subject cannot be in Genitive, unless it has some quantitative attributes (like &lt;code&gt;три человека&lt;/code&gt; - &quot;three people&quot;, &lt;code&gt;несколько лет&lt;/code&gt; - &quot;several years&quot;), or the sentence is negative (&lt;code&gt;Его там нет.&lt;/code&gt; - &quot;He is not there.&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;У тебя&lt;/code&gt; is an indirect, prepositional object. Genitive is used here because after the preposition &lt;code&gt;y&lt;/code&gt; nominal phrases must be in Genitive, &lt;code&gt;y&lt;/code&gt; governs Genitive. Actually, subjects cannot be preceded by prepositions in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, your third variant of translation (&quot;Has time stopped for you?&quot;) is the most correct one. Whether &lt;code&gt;у тебя&lt;/code&gt; should be translated as &quot;for you&quot;, or &quot;with you&quot;, or &quot;around you&quot;, or &quot;in your parts&quot;, or in some other way can be determined only by the context of your sentence, but it is, unfortunately, lacking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-02-01T03:43:39.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2922" CreationDate="2014-02-01T11:30:15.030" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Родина&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Слово родина можно привязать к предмету&lt;/em&gt;. К примеру:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Шоколад родом из Америки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и это означает что шоколад впервые был создан в Америке. Выражение:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отечество шоколада - Америка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тоже правильно, но не верно. И если вы используете его в диалоге, то вас не поймут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Слово Родина можно привязать к Городу.&lt;/em&gt; К примеру:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Моя родина - Иркутск.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если вы скажете:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мое Отечество - Иркутск&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вас поймут, но не все. А за спиной скажут &quot;Что то с этим парнем не так...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Отечество&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Данное слово утратило свой смысл, и большое количество людей предпочитают замену - родина так как слово родина универсальней.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отечество может использоваться только в тех случаях, когда вы хотите сказать из какой страны вы родом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мое отечество - Россия&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2484" LastActivityDate="2014-02-01T11:30:15.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3067" CreationDate="2014-02-01T19:54:29.660" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like just  to add: your first variant corresponds to &quot;Время остановило тебя?&quot; (subject ВРЕМЯ in Nominative, direct object ТЕБЯ in Genitive)  and you second one &quot;Ты остановил время?&quot; (subject ТЫ in Nom. and direct object ВРЕМЯ in Gen. - here, you should not be confused by the identity of Gen. and Nom. forms in ВРЕМЯ, it happens).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2489" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2014-02-01T21:53:40.673" LastActivityDate="2014-02-01T21:53:40.673" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2742" CreationDate="2014-02-01T20:48:14.530" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I haven't got right to comment yet. I absolutely agree with Eurice - it is the clearest reference to Genesis, though the phrase is so popular that it is not  : Да будет свет! И стал свет.&#xA;That shows that it's the part of city folklore of literate people: you see, the Bible (and the Old Testament) was not the book everybody read but there were a dozen or so lines everybody knew, and &quot;Let there be light&quot; is one of them. It maybe an off-topic, but to learn the full set of Bible phrases a common Soviet engineer or doctor used to know, you could look at Jean Effel's book. He was a French communist, I guess, very popular in the USSR with his cartoon book &quot;Creation&quot; (Сотворение мира), which was staged at the famous Moscow Puppet Theatre as &quot;Божественная комедия&quot; (sorry, don't know how it is in English - &quot;Divine Comedy&quot;? - as Dante's). A few had the book at home (it was hard to buy books in the USSR), and even fewer visited Obraztsov's Puppet Theatre (it was impossible to get tickets), but the performance was often on TV and those who had the book could give it to others to look through.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the phrase is well-known by itself, so its reference to bibleic text is not the first thing you think of, it has lots of variations but the 1st line remains the same : &quot;Да будет свет!&quot; - сказал монтёр... (монтёр, by no means электрик!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2489" LastActivityDate="2014-02-01T20:48:14.530" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3073" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-01T21:35:02.277" Score="6" ViewCount="2092" Body="&lt;p&gt;I cannot find anywhere how to say vegan in russian, only vegetarian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2443" LastActivityDate="2014-02-02T20:16:41.577" Title="What is the word for &quot;Vegan&quot; in Russian? (NOT Vegetarian)" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3074" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3073" CreationDate="2014-02-01T21:52:23.417" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is &lt;code&gt;веган&lt;/code&gt; or (rarely) &lt;code&gt;веганец&lt;/code&gt; in Russian, the word is a typical internationalism. The word for &quot;veganism&quot; is &lt;code&gt;веганство&lt;/code&gt; (analogous to &quot;вегетарианство&quot;) or just &lt;code&gt;веганизм&lt;/code&gt;. This word has appeared pretty recently in Russian, so no major dictionary has it (some of the newest ones &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/dic_synonims/321819/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD&quot;&gt;do have it&lt;/a&gt;), but in the Russian Wiki there is &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot;&gt;an article about it&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="2490" LastEditDate="2014-02-02T11:41:23.460" LastActivityDate="2014-02-02T11:41:23.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3077" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-03T16:21:41.217" Score="4" ViewCount="253" Body="&lt;p&gt;My Russian friend told me &quot;я ухажеру бороду отбила&quot;. What did she mean? She told me this after I told her I got in a fight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1971" LastActivityDate="2014-02-04T17:37:56.847" Title="What does 'я ухажеру бороду отбила' mean?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3078" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4092" CreationDate="2014-02-03T18:25:00.743" Score="5" ViewCount="1274" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сформулируйте, пожалуйста, в чем разница между значением и употреблением слов &quot;выдержка&quot; (как черта характера, а не как фото-термин) и &quot;терпение&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2014-02-04T19:28:47.450" Title="&quot;выдержка&quot; vs. &quot;терпение&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3078" CreationDate="2014-02-03T23:44:34.557" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Официальную разницу обьяснить не берусь (тут надо лезть в толковые словари), но&#xA;мне кажется, что терпение - это когда тебя обижают, а выдержка - когда провоцируют. Впрочем, могу быть и неправ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1934" LastActivityDate="2014-02-03T23:44:34.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3080" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4093" CreationDate="2014-02-04T04:03:21.113" Score="4" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, tweeters will often tersely credit the originator of an idea using the contraction H/T (or HT) for &lt;em&gt;hat tip&lt;/em&gt; followed by someone's name or handle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What might be an idiomatic equivalent in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="82" LastActivityDate="2014-03-27T09:06:08.663" Title="Idiomatic equivalent of « H/T » (hat tip) to credit in a tweet?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="3082" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4088" CreationDate="2014-02-04T04:26:14.450" Score="6" ViewCount="623" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that &lt;em&gt;проходит&lt;/em&gt; is for saying like when you pass by a place, like: &lt;em&gt;я прошла мимо парка&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;переходит&lt;/em&gt; is for saying when moving one place to the other, like: &lt;em&gt;я перешла в другую аудиторию&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there are cases when these verbes seem to be the same, when using the preposition &lt;em&gt;через&lt;/em&gt;, I think you can say &lt;em&gt;я перешла через улицу&lt;/em&gt; but you can't say &lt;em&gt;я прошла через улицу&lt;/em&gt;, however one can say &lt;em&gt;я прошла через Мехико&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;я перешла через Мехико&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the deal? what am I understanding wrong? what does those words really mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1770" LastEditorUserId="1770" LastEditDate="2014-02-06T00:20:22.580" LastActivityDate="2014-02-06T00:20:22.580" Title="What's the difference between &quot;проходит&quot; and &quot;переходит&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3082" CreationDate="2014-02-04T06:13:36.353" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In that particular case you can consider following meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;перешла - cross&#xA;прошла - pass&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually you can say Я прошла через улицу. It sounds like I pass trough street.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Main thing is is prefix пере, про.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;пере  шла&#xA;про   шла&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3496" LastActivityDate="2014-02-04T06:13:36.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4083" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4120" CreationDate="2014-02-04T06:56:19.640" Score="3" ViewCount="631" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://cryptome.org/2013/12/nsa-kills-rsa.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://cryptome.org/2013/12/nsa-kills-rsa.htm&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Who think it is fine to destroy their own country's industry to get a&#xA;  leg-up on a bunch of net cowboys and towelheads.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How shall be this translated verbatim on Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Methinks, that this translated like, very stupid persons, with towels insted of brains in heads.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or little bit easy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yop0K.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2496" LastEditorUserId="2496" LastEditDate="2014-02-04T09:42:51.737" LastActivityDate="2014-02-19T13:21:16.807" Title="How to translate on Russian &quot;towelheads&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3078" CreationDate="2014-02-04T09:47:23.843" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;я думаю выдержка это скорее черта характера, а терпение - характеристика процесса терпения. эти слова были бы больше синонимами, если бы слово терпение было заменено, словом терпеливость&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3497" LastActivityDate="2014-02-04T09:47:23.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3082" CreationDate="2014-02-04T12:13:11.613" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this separation is better:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я перешла улицу - cross (here preposition not required)&#xA;Я прошла через улицу - go through&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you say &quot;Я перешла через улицу&quot;, that's sounds bad like &quot;I crossed street across it&quot;. You can use &quot;через&quot; when there is addition, e.g. &quot;Я перешла улицу через пешеходный переход&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3499" LastEditorUserId="3499" LastEditDate="2014-02-04T12:47:22.550" LastActivityDate="2014-02-04T12:47:22.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3077" CreationDate="2014-02-04T17:37:56.847" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your example can literally be translated as &quot;I've hit my admirer in the chin real hard&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ухажер&quot; is a colloquial for &quot;admirer&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Борода&quot; is used as a synonym of the word &quot;подбородок&quot;, which means &quot;chin&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The trickiest word to translate is &quot;отбить&quot;. Here is used in the meaning &quot;hit smth so hard that it hurts very much&quot;. Usually, the word &quot;отбить&quot; is used not when you hit someone, but when you hurt yourself, e.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он неудачно прыгнул и отбил пятки. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  He jumped unfortunately and hurt his heels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, as in your example, it can also be used to refer to the actions directed at other people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2014-02-04T17:37:56.847" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3082" CreationDate="2014-02-04T18:03:19.967" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both verbs have the meaning of motion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's look at the following sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Я прошла парк мимо (Or: Я прошла мимо парка)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  (2) Я прошла через парк&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  (3) Я перешла улицу&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  (4) Я перешла в другую аудиторию&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;проходить&quot; has many meanings, but here I will focus only on the two that were illustrated by sentences (1) and (2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First meaning is &quot;to pass by&quot;. In sentences (1), you do not enter the park, you are only passing it by. Foe example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я прошла мимо парка, я не знаю, убрали ли там мусор.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second meaning is &quot;to go through&quot;. In sentence (2), you enter the park, go through it and then leave it. You want to use this verb if you want to focus somebody's attention on the fact they you have actually been in the park. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я прошла через парк, и там было чисто, наверное, весь мусор убрали утром.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;переходить&quot; also has also a whole lot of meanings, and again I only want to focus on two of them (sentences (3) and (4))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first meaning is &quot;to cross&quot;. In sentence (3), you may or may not actually step into the street, what is important here is that you were on one side and ended up on the other side. You might have crossed it by a bridge just as well. It is used with objects that look like lines (a road, a river, a railway, a corridor). You cannot really use word &quot;переходить&quot; with &quot;парк&quot; unless the park is known to be long and narrow, and even then it is questionable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second meaning is &quot;to change location by walking&quot;. In sentence (4), it means that you have walked from one lecture hall into another one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the rest of the meanings of these two verbs, you should probably read the definitions &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?lop=x&amp;amp;bts=x&amp;amp;zar=x&amp;amp;ag=x&amp;amp;ab=x&amp;amp;sin=x&amp;amp;lv=x&amp;amp;az=x&amp;amp;pe=x&amp;amp;word=%EF%F0%EE%E9%F2%E8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?lop=x&amp;amp;bts=x&amp;amp;zar=x&amp;amp;ag=x&amp;amp;ab=x&amp;amp;sin=x&amp;amp;lv=x&amp;amp;az=x&amp;amp;pe=x&amp;amp;word=%EF%E5%F0%E5%E9%F2%E8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and then ask your teacher further questions. Russian verbs of motion is a huge topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2014-02-05T12:00:07.647" LastActivityDate="2014-02-05T12:00:07.647" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4089" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-04T18:05:21.403" Score="31" ViewCount="3561" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could you please explain what this means, and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Руки не доходят посмотреть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3501" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-07-22T11:04:33.820" LastActivityDate="2017-07-27T23:16:17.473" Title="&quot;Руки не доходят посмотреть&quot; - what does it mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4089" CreationDate="2014-02-04T18:19:54.377" Score="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally,the &lt;code&gt;Руки не доходят&lt;/code&gt; idiom means &quot;Cannot find time to do [something]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, your phrase can be translated as &quot;Cannot find time to view/read/watch [something (a movie, an article, a leak in the plumbing etc.)]&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, the given phrase (with &lt;code&gt;посмотреть&lt;/code&gt;) is an oxymoron often referenced as an example of collocation, which non Russian-speaking people find hard to understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1305" LastEditorUserId="1305" LastEditDate="2016-07-09T13:48:43.230" LastActivityDate="2016-07-09T13:48:43.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4089" CreationDate="2014-02-04T18:36:25.400" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @roman-petrenko said, &lt;code&gt;Руки не доходят [сделать что-то]&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;Cannot find time to [do something]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why &quot;руки&quot;? Generally you use hands to do something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why &quot;дошли/доходят&quot;? &quot;There were too many things I had to do and I haven't &lt;strong&gt;got&lt;/strong&gt; to some job.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later the phrase generalized to the actions that don't involve hands (e.g. reading).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2014-02-04T18:36:25.400" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3078" CreationDate="2014-02-04T18:43:16.177" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эти слова могут значить одно и то же, но в ряде случаев между ними будет явное смысловое различие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Проявить терпение&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; - значит показать свою способность стойко и безропотно переносить что-либо, обычно в течение долгого времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Проявить выдержку&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; - значит не потерять самообладания в критической ситуации. Показать хорошую выдержку можно и за несколько секунд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Словом &quot;терпение&quot; называют как способность терпеть, так и само это действие и состояние. У этих слов разная коннотация. Слово &quot;терпение&quot; ассоциируется с христианскими добродетелями:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Антоний затворил дверь и ушел, оставив старца. Но увидев терпение&#xA;  Макария, отворил ему дверь, приветствовал его и сказал: слышав о твоих&#xA;  делах, я давно желал видеть тебя»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово &quot;выдержка&quot; новее (скажем, у Даля этого слова нет) и больше ассоциируется с эпохой СССР. Малый академический словарь Института русского языка Академии наук СССР определяет выдержку как &quot;Умение владеть собой; самообладание&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3503" LastActivityDate="2014-02-04T18:43:16.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3080" CreationDate="2014-02-04T18:58:49.660" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can't tell about the Russian Twitter users, but in various Internet forums I've seen people use the copyright symbol &quot;(C)&quot;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Да будет свет! (с) Бог&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в значении&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Да будет свет!, как сказал Бог.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clearly, &quot;hat tip&quot; has a wider meaning than just the indication of someone's authorship, so &quot;(c)&quot; probably cannot be used in all contexts where &quot;HT&quot; is appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastEditorUserId="1688" LastEditDate="2014-02-04T19:08:40.137" LastActivityDate="2014-02-04T19:08:40.137" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3082" CreationDate="2014-02-04T19:25:14.497" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;code&gt;перейти&lt;/code&gt; can be used with subject. &lt;code&gt;перейти что-то&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;cross/walk across something&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;The verb &lt;code&gt;перейти&lt;/code&gt; can be used with destination. &lt;code&gt;перейти куда-то&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;walk/move/relocate somewhere&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;code&gt;пройти&lt;/code&gt; roughly meand &lt;code&gt;to finish walking through something&lt;/code&gt; and requires some explanation about what you've finished walking through.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;пройти мимо парка&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;to have finished walking along the park&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;to walk through the near-park zone&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;пройти игру&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;to finish a game&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;to walk through a game&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;пройти вперёд&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;to walk forward [some distance]&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;to walk &quot;through&quot; some space&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;пройти в дом&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;to walk into the house&lt;/code&gt; (Hard to say, but maybe it can be interpreted as &lt;code&gt;to walk through the house doorway&lt;/code&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's compare &lt;code&gt;пройти в дом&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;перейти в дом&lt;/code&gt;. The meanings are similar, but there is a slight defference. &lt;code&gt;пройти в дом&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;to go into the house&lt;/code&gt;, while &lt;code&gt;перейти в дом&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;to move to the house [from some other concrete place]&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My improvised rule is:&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;You need to decide what matters more - the journey or the start/destination. If the focus is on the start/destination, use &lt;code&gt;перейти&lt;/code&gt;. If the focus is on the journey, use &lt;code&gt;пройти&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of &quot;to walk near the park&quot; there is no destination, so you always use &lt;code&gt;пройти&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of &quot;to go to the auditorium&quot; there is destination and you can use either &lt;code&gt;перейти&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;пройти&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2014-02-04T19:25:14.497" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3078" CreationDate="2014-02-04T19:28:47.450" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Выдержка&lt;/code&gt; - composure, self-command, self-control, self-possession, self-government, self-mastery, self-restraint, personal coolness, control&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Терпение&lt;/code&gt; - patience, bearing, sufferance, tolerance, endurance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2014-02-04T19:28:47.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3052" CreationDate="2014-02-04T19:44:30.797" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;чий&lt;/code&gt; = [&lt;strong&gt;chi&lt;/strong&gt;]li + ma[&lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;чих&lt;/code&gt; = [&lt;strong&gt;chi&lt;/strong&gt;]li + [&lt;strong&gt;h&lt;/strong&gt;]en&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2014-02-04T19:44:30.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4097" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-05T05:33:05.600" Score="1" ViewCount="337" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the name of paper, I'm currently can't find concrete source, but it is used everywhere, try to google it, it is every where. E.g. in this &lt;a href=&quot;https://people.cs.umass.edu/~negin/projects.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;paper&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Cryptographic Computational Continuation Passing (CCCP),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a rule recommend, translation start from the end of sentences, vice verse:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Переход Продолжительный   Вычислительный Криптографический&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2496" LastActivityDate="2014-02-05T09:34:14.253" Title="What is true translation of CCCP - Cryptographic Computational Continuation Passing?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4097" CreationDate="2014-02-05T07:18:18.973" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Продолжительная Вычислительная Криптографическая Передача&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and here is the paper &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.usenix.org/legacy/event/sec09/tech/full_papers/salajegheh.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;CCCP: SECURE REMOTE STORAGE FOR COMPUTATIONAL RFIDS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3506" LastActivityDate="2014-02-05T07:18:18.973" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4097" CreationDate="2014-02-05T09:34:14.253" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;'[Computational] continuation' in this context is a concept from functional programming which, AFAIK, has not yet gained a well-established translation in Russian. Many sources use 'продолжение [вычислений]'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, the whole phrase may be translated as 'криптографическая передача продолжений вычислений' or 'шифрованная передача продолжений вычислений' or 'шифрованный обмен продолжениями вычислений'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2284" LastActivityDate="2014-02-05T09:34:14.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2810" CreationDate="2014-02-05T18:40:18.747" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are four types of participles in Russian language. This is how they're formed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Active Present Participle&lt;/strong&gt;: suffix &lt;code&gt;-ущ&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-ющ&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;-ащ&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-ящ&lt;/code&gt;; Examples: идущий, дрожащий, заходящий, влияющий, вращающийся, строящийся&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Active Past Participle&lt;/strong&gt;: suffix &lt;code&gt;-вш&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;-ш&lt;/code&gt;; Examples: заходивший, влиявший, вращавшийся, строившийся, написавший, испугавшийся, пришедший.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Passive Present Participle&lt;/strong&gt;: suffix &lt;code&gt;-ем&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-ом&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;-им&lt;/code&gt;; Examples: вращаемый, изучаемый, образуемый, движимый, несомый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Passive Past Participle&lt;/strong&gt;: suffix &lt;code&gt;-?н&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;-т&lt;/code&gt;; Examples: изуч*&lt;em&gt;енн&lt;/em&gt;*ый, образова*&lt;em&gt;нн&lt;/em&gt;*ый, поби*&lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt;*ый, заня*&lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt;*ый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You're interested in short passive participles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To recreate the infinitive verb forms just replace those suffixes+inflections with &lt;code&gt;-ть&lt;/code&gt; (or &lt;code&gt;-ти&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ем/ом/им -&gt; ть/ти/ь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;т -&gt; ть/ти/ь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ен/ён -&gt; ать/ять or ить (depending on the verb's conjugation)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;н -&gt; ть/ти/ь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To chose the correct suffix (ть/ти/ь and ать/ять/ить) you need to know the root verb information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This comprehensive article about participles in Russian language can help you a lot: &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://rusgram.ru/Причастие&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Old answer:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@BlackBada's answer covered the perfect passive participles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the imperfect passive participles, every participle that I can think of ends with &lt;code&gt;-ем-ый&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;-ем-ая&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;-ем-ое&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;-ем-ый&lt;/code&gt; suffixes+inflections. The corresponding short forms should have the &lt;code&gt;-ем&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;-ем-а&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;-ем-о&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;-ем-ы&lt;/code&gt; suffixes+inflections. To recreate the infinitive verb forms just replace those suffixes+inflections with &lt;code&gt;-ть&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;читаем -&gt; читать (&lt;code&gt;Код читаем&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;The code is readable&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;сжимаема -&gt; сжимать (&lt;code&gt;Жидкость сжимаема&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;The liquid is compressible&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;сминаем -&gt; сминать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;засеваем -&gt; засевать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The short imperfect passive participles in masculine form can be ambigous, because they are spelled identical to the verbs in the &quot;2nd person, plural, present tense&quot; form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastEditorUserId="3502" LastEditDate="2014-02-07T15:07:24.313" LastActivityDate="2014-02-07T15:07:24.313" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4103" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4108" CreationDate="2014-02-06T19:34:56.853" Score="8" ViewCount="708" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that every language has tricky words, meaning, words that do not follow the normal sounds or conventions of most words or letters. However, I do want to ensure I am being taught this word correctly so that I can practice learning it correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word: &lt;code&gt;лёгкий&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The course I'm taking pronounces it to where it almost sounds like: &lt;code&gt;loo-skee&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;luiskee&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is correct? Or is this correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3511" LastActivityDate="2020-11-15T15:33:31.123" Title="How to pronounce лёгкий" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4103" CreationDate="2014-02-06T20:10:47.037" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quite often you can find answer to such questions &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;So, the phonetic transcription is [ˈlʲɵxʲ.kʲɪj] which roughly can be transmitted as&#xA;liokhkiy (&quot;kh&quot; like Scotsmen spell &quot;ch&quot; in Loch Ness).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2014-02-06T20:30:54.780" LastActivityDate="2014-02-06T20:30:54.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2924" CreationDate="2014-02-07T12:11:02.810" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Subject Verb Object - is most typical word order in Russian sentences, but Object Verb Subject - is very rare and sound like &quot;Yoda speech&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in general case you can revert words in sentence (as Sirius Black suggested), but with one important exception: preposition in groups with preposition (preposition+noun, preposition+adjective+noun, etc) should be kept in first position within the group. Other words in the group could be reverted - for example: preposition+noun+adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3513" LastEditorUserId="3513" LastEditDate="2014-02-07T21:51:37.533" LastActivityDate="2014-02-07T21:51:37.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4106" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4107" CreationDate="2014-02-07T14:31:27.707" Score="9" ViewCount="1660" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can i translate LOGIN and REGISTER in webdesign context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can also translate CLIENT LOGIN - EMAIL - USERNAME - PASSWORD - LOGOUT ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What i have found are these:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;LOGIN - &lt;strong&gt;логин&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;&#xA;REGISTER - &lt;strong&gt;регистрировать&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;&#xA;CLIENT LOGIN - &lt;strong&gt;Логин клиента&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;&#xA;EMAIL - &lt;strong&gt;е-мейл&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;&#xA;USERNAME - &lt;strong&gt;имя пользователя&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;&#xA;PASSWORD - &lt;strong&gt;пароль&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;&#xA;LOGOUT - &lt;strong&gt;выйти&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to use these words exactly how they are commonly used in russian websites?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1961" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:31:47.497" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T12:31:47.497" Title="How to translate LOGIN and REGISTER?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;информатика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4107" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4106" CreationDate="2014-02-07T15:12:08.617" Score="7" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;username         - имя пользователя &#xA;the login        - имя пользователя/логин&#xA;to login         - войти&#xA;an account       - учётная запись&#xA;to register      - зарегистрироваться&#xA;registration     - регистрация&#xA;e-mail           - е-мейл/почта&#xA;password         - пароль&#xA;to logout        - выйти&#xA;the client login - вход для клиентов&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-13T11:56:35.707" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T11:56:35.707" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4103" CreationDate="2014-02-07T17:44:56.547" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The transcription is [l'oxk'ij'], where x is for fricative guttural sound and apostrophee is for palatalisation of the previous consonant. [o] is under stress. Palatalisation of x is facultative. [j] is quite frequently omitted, as in all the forms with [ij] at the end, but it is not the most correct way of pronunciation.&#xA;The word is tricky, because it has *[γk']-&gt;[xk'] where *[gk']-&gt; *[kk']-&gt; [k'] is expected. It is a trace of the ancient state of the language where г was pronounced as fricative sound, [γ]. &quot;-&gt;&quot; is for &quot;became&quot;.&#xA;Dissimilation could also happen - plosive-plosive became fricative-plosive for distinction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastEditorUserId="2238" LastEditDate="2015-07-22T23:19:29.003" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T23:19:29.003" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2194" CreationDate="2014-02-07T17:55:06.873" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no exceptions. There is a strict but complicated rule. Stressed o is always [o]. Unstressed o in absolute beginning, absolute end and un the syllable before the stressed one is [^] (also written as [a], but actually a sound of medium line rather then low line like [a] (although Moscow people are notorious for saying [a] instead of [^])). Unstressed o in all the other positions is [ъ], which is basically something like reduced [o], but if you are a foreigner you could use your shwa sound (like -er in words like sister, usually shown in transctiprion as e turned by 180 degrees) in this position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2014-02-07T17:55:06.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2112" CreationDate="2014-02-07T18:00:23.003" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pronunciation is [s'ivodn'i] with stressed o and apostrophee for palatalisation. There is [v] because it comes from сего дня, where -его is ending of pronoun which is always pronounced with [v] instead of [g].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2014-02-07T18:00:23.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2112" CreationDate="2014-02-07T21:49:57.890" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say that Moscow version of today will sound likе &quot;Sevodnya&quot;. Where &quot;o&quot; is somewhere between &quot;o&quot; and &quot;а&quot; in its sound. And &quot;ya&quot; means short soft &quot;n&quot; together with &quot;ya&quot; sound like in nyan cat.&#xA;&quot;Sego&quot; sounding like Sega with &quot;o&quot; on the end is not used in actual spoken language for close to 100 years.&#xA;Even in written language you will not see &quot;sego&quot; separately in last hundred of years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastActivityDate="2014-02-07T21:49:57.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4103" CreationDate="2014-02-07T22:02:17.410" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Moscow version of Russian it is pronounced close to lioghky. Soft L. Then &quot;'о&quot; which together will produce sound like l'o. Close to sound depicted by ё letter. GH is actually somewhere between G and H. Closer to just H. In some cases you will just hear air exit like in &quot;kh&quot; sound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3517" LastActivityDate="2014-02-07T22:02:17.410" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4103" CreationDate="2014-02-10T00:18:30.410" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian phonetical transcription of this word is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[л'охк'ий'] where the apostrophe denotes the softness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is read totally following the rules of reading.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can listen to the correct pronunciation &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lingvo-online.ru/ru/Translate/en-ru/%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-11-15T15:33:31.123" LastActivityDate="2020-11-15T15:33:31.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4089" CreationDate="2014-02-10T09:02:31.817" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;As was written above, &quot;руки не доходят посмотреть&quot; means  &quot;Cannot find time to watch&quot;, but there is an accent like &quot;Well, I want to watch it, but when I have the time, I have something with higher priority to watch, or something distracts me&quot; not &quot;I Can't find the time to watch anything, so I didn't watch this thing.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in general it's used when you have time to watch movies and rest, and you want to watch this movie, but somehow you didn't yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And as to &quot;walking hands,&quot; first of all &quot;доходить&quot; is the perfective form of &quot;ходить,&quot; so it is closer to &quot;get to.&quot; And &quot;доходить&quot; has a rather wide range of meanings: in different cases it can be translated as &quot;to understand,&quot; &quot;to be done,&quot; &quot;to rise&quot; (to an amount).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2017-07-27T23:16:17.473" LastActivityDate="2017-07-27T23:16:17.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4116" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4117" CreationDate="2014-02-10T12:02:24.240" Score="2" ViewCount="227" Body="&lt;p&gt;What SE is about translation from English to Russian ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Russian.SE ( Seems more for those who learn Russian )&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are Two English.SE&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ell.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;https://ell.stackexchange.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;https://english.stackexchange.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seems this English SEs will ban me automatically. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't learn Russian, I learn English. Is this SE for me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2496" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:55:20.573" LastActivityDate="2014-02-10T12:06:02.527" Title="Where should I ask questions about translation from English to Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2014-02-11T12:51:05.153" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4116" CreationDate="2014-02-10T12:06:02.527" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, I think this question is better suited for meta.russian.SE - I'll flag for moderators to move it there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the actual content of your question, this is indeed the right forum to ask question about translation into Russian, however your questions should not be straight &quot;How do I translate X?&quot; - instead, you need to show some research on your part, e.g. &quot;I believe the right translation is Y, however I'm unsure about the meaning of word Z&quot;. Or, &quot;I don't understand the meaning of this phrase; each word means that and that, however put together they make no sense&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main point is to show that you've done some work rather than expect others to do it for you.  If you ask questions right, people will be more than happy to help you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2014-02-10T12:06:02.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4118" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-10T14:19:59.853" Score="1" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://leaksource.wordpress.com/2013/12/30/nsas-ant-division-catalog-of-exploits-for-nearly-every-major-software-hardware-firmware/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://leaksource.wordpress.com/2013/12/30/nsas-ant-division-catalog-of-exploits-for-nearly-every-major-software-hardware-firmware/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;tote chaser - азартный преследователь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IZYLR.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2496" LastEditorUserId="2496" LastEditDate="2014-02-10T14:58:58.007" LastActivityDate="2014-02-12T04:51:36.313" Title="How to translate &quot;Tote Chaser&quot; trully? &quot;азартный преследователь&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4083" CreationDate="2014-02-10T15:47:44.957" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Probably the best explanation of the word I found was on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=towelhead&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;urban dictionary&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Towel head&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  A derogatory term for one of Middle Eastern descent, especially a male. It comes from their custom of wearing a turban.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think there is a one-world translation of this word. You could follow @Artemix advice of &lt;em&gt;Тюрбаноголовые&lt;/em&gt;, however I don't think it conveys the exact meaning.  You could also use longer phrase &lt;em&gt;с полотенцем на голове&lt;/em&gt; (literally, &lt;em&gt;with towel on the head&lt;/em&gt;) - however it's difficult to judge without further context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-02-10T20:19:34.317" LastActivityDate="2014-02-10T20:19:34.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4083" CreationDate="2014-02-11T04:44:50.720" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Definitely, &lt;em&gt;полотенцеголовые&lt;/em&gt;. But note that this is not an idiom, you would need to provide context so that people understand that you mean people of Middle Eastern descent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, *something*головый means a person with &lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt; used for head. With the &lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt; being a non-intelligent object the word naturally implies that the person is stupid. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-02-11T04:51:02.820" LastActivityDate="2014-02-11T04:51:02.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4122" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4123" CreationDate="2014-02-11T13:52:32.440" Score="5" ViewCount="907" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you help me please to translate &quot;Automatic transmission&quot;  and &quot;Manual transmission&quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have found this: &lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Automatic transmission&lt;/strong&gt;:  автоматическая коробка передач&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Manual transmission&lt;/strong&gt;: механическая коробка передач&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Transmission&lt;/strong&gt;: коробка передач&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this correct?&#xA;Are they abbreviated as &lt;strong&gt;АКП&lt;/strong&gt;  and  &lt;strong&gt;МКП&lt;/strong&gt; ? &lt;br&gt;&#xA;If i will use this abbreviations on a russian website, everybody will understand them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1961" LastActivityDate="2014-02-11T14:26:16.023" Title="How to translate &quot;Automatic transmission&quot; and &quot;Manual transmission&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4122" CreationDate="2014-02-11T14:20:53.240" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Механическая коробка передач&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;автоматическая коробка передач&lt;/em&gt; - are indeed the correct translations. Abbreviations &lt;em&gt;МКП&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;АКП&lt;/em&gt; are also correct (also sometimes used &lt;em&gt;МКПП&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;АКПП&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;механическая/автоматическая коробка переключения передач&lt;/em&gt;), although I haven't seen these beyond the motor-engineering literature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In colloquial speech, you can also hear simple &lt;em&gt;механика&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;автомат&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your specific website, I suppose it depends what your audience is.  I personally would avoid using the abbreviations, but it's really up to you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2014-02-11T14:20:53.240" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4122" CreationDate="2014-02-11T14:26:16.023" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is correct&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also correct&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Automatic transmission:&lt;/strong&gt; автоматическая коробка &lt;strong&gt;переключения&lt;/strong&gt; передач&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Manual transmission:&lt;/strong&gt; механическая коробка &lt;strong&gt;переключения&lt;/strong&gt; передач&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Transmission:&lt;/strong&gt; коробка &lt;strong&gt;переключения&lt;/strong&gt; передач&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and they are abbreviated as &lt;strong&gt;АКПП&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;МКПП&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Automatic transmission:&lt;/strong&gt; автомат&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Manual transmission:&lt;/strong&gt; механика&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0Lf7h.png&quot; alt=&quot;http://ab.onliner.by/&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3498" LastActivityDate="2014-02-11T14:26:16.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4118" CreationDate="2014-02-12T04:51:36.313" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most of top-secret codenames are randomly generated pairs of two nouns. Only a few such combinations would be translatable. They are designed not to refer to the purpose of the program/tool nor to have any meaning at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2244" LastActivityDate="2014-02-12T04:51:36.313" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4083" CreationDate="2014-02-13T04:29:52.137" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;we call em &quot;чурбан&quot; that's kind of mix of &quot;тюрбан&quot; Turban, that is exactly what you ask for and &quot;чурка&quot; that is a dumb person from the south...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3537" LastActivityDate="2014-02-13T04:29:52.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4128" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4130" CreationDate="2014-02-13T07:43:05.493" Score="8" ViewCount="736" Body="&lt;p&gt;While doing research for this question, I encountered there is a thing named &lt;code&gt;местный падеж&lt;/code&gt; as it says on the wikipages for &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;пол&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;берег&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once a teacher told me, that there are some words ending in &lt;code&gt;-у&lt;/code&gt; and there would be three rules which apply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;These words have one syllable&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They are masculine&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Their accent is on the ending&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it didn't help me and I doubt the rules. &lt;code&gt;берег&lt;/code&gt; has two syllables and the accent on the first one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone explain &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;what those word are?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;which rules do apply?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;how to recognize, if possible?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;when to use &lt;code&gt;меснтный&lt;/code&gt; and when &lt;strike&gt;&lt;code&gt;родителный&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;code&gt;предложный падеж&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bonus&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;why does the accent shift to the ending?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My assumptions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;some words simply have this &lt;em&gt;additional ending&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;-y&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;БЕРЕГ, -а; предлож. о береге, на берегу; мн. берега, -ов; м.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ШКАФ, -а, предл. о шкафе, в шкафу; мн. шкафы; м.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ПОЛ, -а (-у), предлож. о поле, на полу; мн. полы&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ЛЕС, -а (-у), предл. о лесе, в лесу; мн. леса, -ов;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ХОД, -а (-у), предлож. в ходе и в ходу, на ходе и на ходу; мн. ходы; м.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...gramota.ru&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;no way to recognize them right away (it seems they are mostly short, but &lt;code&gt;берег&lt;/code&gt; has two syllables e.g.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;-у&lt;/code&gt; is used in context of question &lt;code&gt;Where?&lt;/code&gt; otherwise the usual ending (mostly &lt;code&gt;-e&lt;/code&gt;?!)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in case &lt;code&gt;-y&lt;/code&gt; is used, it &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; holds the accent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt; Later in the source that u.hrybok cited it says also that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Формы второго предложного падежа в морфологическом отношении отличаются тем, что у &lt;strong&gt;слов женского рода это окончание обязательно принимает ударение&lt;/strong&gt; (ср. разбирается в кро́ви [Предл1] vs. испачкан в крови́ [Предл2]) [5], а у &lt;strong&gt;слов мужского рода имеется специализированное окончание -у́&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;также всегда ударное&lt;/strong&gt;, ср. заинтересован в шка́фе [Предл1] vs. хранится &lt;strong&gt;в шкафу́&lt;/strong&gt; [Предл2]).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-02-19T21:31:27.660" LastActivityDate="2015-09-13T20:44:57.693" Title="Is there a way to determine substantives ending in &quot;-у&quot; when used in context of localisation?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;окончания&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4128" CreationDate="2014-02-13T18:19:25.303" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll try to explain, but that's my first answer at language-section of stack, so be free to ask me&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Местный падеж&lt;/code&gt; is similar to &lt;code&gt;Предложный падеж&lt;/code&gt; in russian so word will answer to question &lt;code&gt;Where?&lt;/code&gt;, but main difference that &lt;code&gt;Местный падеж&lt;/code&gt; give us information about item's position. Anyway, this difference is so small, that there're no &lt;code&gt;Местный падеж&lt;/code&gt; in russian, that's just a type of &lt;code&gt;Предложный падеж&lt;/code&gt;. For example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Where's Your largest birthmark placed? &#xA;- On my side&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In russian&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Где твоя самая большая родинка?&#xA;- На **боку**&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Местный падеж&lt;/code&gt; specifies the place of action. So there're usual words like &lt;code&gt;в лесу&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в городе&lt;/code&gt;, etc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are two preposition used with &lt;code&gt;Местный падеж&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; &lt;em&gt;(в лесу, на дереве)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Местный падеж&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;Предложный падеж&lt;/code&gt; with specifying place of action&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Use &lt;code&gt;Местный падеж&lt;/code&gt; if word answer to &lt;code&gt;Where?&lt;/code&gt; and specifying place of action. Anyway You'll use rules from &lt;code&gt;Предложный падеж&lt;/code&gt;, 'cause &lt;code&gt;Местный падеж&lt;/code&gt; is part of it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bonus: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have no ideas in fact&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="629" LastEditorUserId="629" LastEditDate="2014-02-13T18:48:15.167" LastActivityDate="2014-02-13T18:48:15.167" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4128" CreationDate="2014-02-14T14:05:19.800" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;but берег has two syllables&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe the reason is that аrchaic form of the word &quot;берег&quot; is &quot;брег&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &quot;на бреге&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think I found the answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Особые формы [3] второго предложного падежа, отличные от основного предложного, существуют, однако, у очень ограниченной группы русских неодушевленных существительных, причем только в парадигме единственного числа. В эту группу входят порядка двадцати существительных женского рода традиционного третьего склонения (т.е. слова типа пыль) и порядка ста двадцати существительных мужского рода традиционного второго склонения с основой на морфонологически твердый [4] согласный или -j (т.е. слова типа шкаф, строй). Практически все эти слова имеют односложную основу, &lt;strong&gt;за исключением следующих девяти&lt;/strong&gt; (все они мужского рода): &lt;strong&gt;берег, ветер, перёд, повод, угол, отпуск, терем, холод и аэропорт&lt;/strong&gt;; &lt;strong&gt;еще два слова, ворот и корень&lt;/strong&gt;, имеют форму локатива только в составе устойчивых сочетаний брань на вороту не виснет и (сгнить / истребить / скупить и т.п.) на корню ~ 'в процессе роста; в самом начале; целиком'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Learn more: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.philology.ru/linguistics2/plungyan-02.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;К СЕМАНТИКЕ РУССКОГО ЛОКАТИВА (&quot;ВТОРОГО ПРЕДЛОЖНОГО&quot; ПАДЕЖА)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3498" LastEditorUserId="3498" LastEditDate="2014-02-16T09:28:23.300" LastActivityDate="2014-02-16T09:28:23.300" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4131" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4144" CreationDate="2014-02-15T10:00:47.303" Score="5" ViewCount="621" Body="&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/3658181/PiotrPiasecki-BitcoinMasterThesis.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/3658181/PiotrPiasecki-BitcoinMasterThesis.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cite:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.5.5 Clock drift&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Standard Client exchanges the current machine time with its peers when establishing new connections. It also&#xA;maintains a counter representing the med ian network time reported by&#xA;the Client's peers. If the counter differs by more than 70 minutes&#xA;than the Node's machine time, it is reset to represent the latter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Methinks, that &amp;quot;Clock drift&amp;quot; means the control of time shifting (to forward or to backward).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2496" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-02-28T13:06:18.547" Title="How to say &quot;Clock drift&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4131" CreationDate="2014-02-15T11:35:49.440" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think there is equivalent term in Russian. So you could translate by meaning: &lt;code&gt;Разница в скорости хода часов&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Read &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_drift&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;clock drift article&lt;/a&gt; on Wikipedia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2199" LastActivityDate="2014-02-15T11:35:49.440" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4128" CreationDate="2014-02-15T19:17:39.600" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are about thirty or fourty words of the second masculine declension (masculine words ending with a consonant) whose Locative (-у like на мосту - on the/a bridge) is not the same as the Prepositional (-е like о мосте- about the/a bridge) case. They are mostly one- or two-syllable, but one must just learn these words. The Locative is used after prepositions в and на if the meaning of the group is either place or time. The most common words of this list are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мост;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(аэро)порт;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;лес;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;год;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;берег;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бок;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бой;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;шкаф.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also word ход which is difficult, because there are expressions &quot;в ходу&quot; that means &quot;widely used&quot; and &quot;на ходу&quot; that means &quot;while moving/driving/flying/piloting&quot;, but in usual usage Locative of ход is ходе - the same as Prepositional, as for most words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2014-02-15T19:17:39.600" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="420" CreationDate="2014-02-15T19:53:58.263" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I shall try to answer the given questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Quality of vowel reduction&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two stages of reduction. First stage is in the syllable before the stressed one, in the absolute beginning and in the absolute end. Second stage is in all other unstressed positions. Here is the correct table (by Petersburg's norm, Moscow's is a bit different)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stressed - 1st stage - 2nd stage&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a non-palatalised consonant&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;а/о - ^ (sound similar to а but with middle up-going of the tongue like in о) - ъ (sound like shwa); э (sometimes written as е) - ы - ъ; ы - ы - ы; у - у - у;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a palatalised consonant&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и - и - и; у (written as ю) - у - у; а (written as я)/о (written as ё)/э (written as е) - и - ь (another reduced sound a bit similar to ъ but pronounced close to teeth like э).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pronunciation of е that stems from ять does not differ from pronunciation of е that stems from е for a long time.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Palatalisation and assimilation&lt;/strong&gt; is another topic where Petersburg and Moscow are different in pronunciation. According to Petersburg's norm, there is no palatalising assimilation actually at all and there is no sound [ж']. The word дождь is pronounced [дошт']. Group зм always has non-palatalised з, the opposite is a dialectical thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pronunciation of г is implosive (not fricative, as in Southern dialects and Ukrainian and modern-Greek languages, although it may be fricative in words like ага, эге, мгм, угу) voiced (unless in the position of absolute end or before a voiceless, in which cases it becomes voiceless itself) guttural sound ([бох] instead of [бок] for бог is old-fashioned and marginal, and then there are words лёгкий and мягкий and their derivates which have [x] not [к] before к and sometimes ч, but that's all), pronunciation of в is a voiced pair for ф, pronunciation of р is bilateral.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stresses are directed by special dictionaries of stresses. For the word звонит it is on the last syllable, for the word торты it is not.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastEditorUserId="2238" LastEditDate="2014-02-26T11:55:27.700" LastActivityDate="2014-02-26T11:55:27.700" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4128" CreationDate="2014-02-17T03:20:21.530" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Masculine nouns that have locative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;снег в снегу о снеге&#xA;дым в дыму о дыме&#xA;лес в лесу о лесе&#xA;плац на плацу о плаце&#xA;ров во рву о рве&#xA;берег на берегу о береге&#xA;мир в миру о мире (here мир means &quot;life outside church&quot;, in the meaning of peace and world, locative is not used)&#xA;стог в стогу о стоге&#xA;долг в долгу о долге&#xA;вид на виду о виде&#xA;пруд в пруду о пруде&#xA;день на дню о дне&#xA;нос в носу о носе&#xA;глаз в глазу о глазе&#xA;таз в тазу о тазе&#xA;паз в пазу о пазе&#xA;воз на возу о возе&#xA;ряд в ряду о ряде&#xA;век на веку о веке&#xA;строй в строю о строе&#xA;бред в бреду о бреде&#xA;ветер на ветру о ветре&#xA;мел в мелу о меле&#xA;тыл в тылу о тыле&#xA;пол на полу о поле&#xA;пыл в пылу о пыле&#xA;бой в бою о бое&#xA;ход на ходу о ходе&#xA;жар в жару о жаре&#xA;стыд в стыду о стыде&#xA;быт в быту о быте&#xA;пир на пиру о пире&#xA;рот во рту о рте&#xA;пар на пару о паре&#xA;дух на духу о духе &#xA;мост на мосту о мосте&#xA;борт на борту о борте&#xA;год в году о годе&#xA;час в часу о часе&#xA;бег на бегу о беге&#xA;лёт на лету о лёте (Prepositional is not generally used)&#xA;порт в порту о порте&#xA;аэропорт в аэропорту об аэропорте&#xA;пот в поту о поте&#xA;жир в жиру о жире&#xA;род в роду о роде&#xA;сад в саду о саде&#xA;зад в заду о заде&#xA;шкаф в шкафу о шкафе&#xA;полк при полку о полке&#xA;мозг в мозгу о мозге&#xA;лёд на льду о льде&#xA;сук на суку о суке&#xA;раз на разу о разе&#xA;рай в раю о рае&#xA;угол в углу об угле&#xA;бор в бору о боре&#xA;свет на свету о свете&#xA;вес на весу о весе&#xA;дом на дому о доме&#xA;гроб в гробу о гробе&#xA;чад в чаду о чаде&#xA;хлев в хлеву о хлеве&#xA;Крым в Крыму о Крыме&#xA;Клин в Клину о Клине&#xA;край на краю о крае&#xA;вал на валу о вале&#xA;повод на поводу о поводе&#xA;луг на лугу о луге&#xA;бок на боку о боке&#xA;мех в меху о мехе&#xA;пух в пуху о пухе&#xA;пост на посту о посте&#xA;скок на скаку о скоке (Prepositional is not generally used)&#xA;ад в аду об аде&#xA;слух на слуху о слухе&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feminine nouns that have locative (difference in the stress):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;тень в тенИ о тЕни&#xA;грязь в грязИ о грЯзи&#xA;пыль в пылИ о пЫли&#xA;грудь в грудИ о грУди&#xA;сень в сенИ о сЕни&#xA;ночь в ночИ о нОчи&#xA;даль в далИ о дАли&#xA;мель на мелИ о мЕли&#xA;сеть в сетИ о сЕти&#xA;печь в печИ о пЕчи&#xA;кровь в кровИ о крОви&#xA;ось на осИ об Оси&#xA;рысь на рысИ о рЫси&#xA;связь в связИ о свЯзи&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feminine nouns that have locative forms in plural (difference in the stress and е-ё):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;слЁзы в слезАх о слЁзах&#xA;сОпли в соплЯх о сОплях&#xA;слЮни в слюнЯх о слЮнях&#xA;Ясли в яслЯх о Яслях&#xA;слАсти в сластЯх о слАстях&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-09-13T20:44:57.693" LastActivityDate="2015-09-13T20:44:57.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4142" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4143" CreationDate="2014-02-18T11:42:34.793" Score="3" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;Leskov's book about the left-handed guy has this passage, when he visits an English factory:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всякий работник у них постоянно в сытости, одет не в обрывках, а на&#xA;  каждом способный тужурный жилет, обут в толстые щиглеты с железными&#xA;  набалдашниками, чтобы нигде ноги ни на что не напороть; работает не с&#xA;  бойлом, а с обучением и имеет себе понятия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a бойло? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1427" LastEditorUserId="1427" LastEditDate="2014-02-18T12:28:02.403" LastActivityDate="2014-02-18T12:57:40.523" Title="What is бойло? Is it an object?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4142" CreationDate="2014-02-18T11:56:26.313" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;В словаре Даля &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc2p/209902&quot;&gt;упоминается&lt;/a&gt; диалектное слово:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бойло&lt;/strong&gt; ср., курск. битва, драка, побоище, пошибанье.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом &quot;работает не с бойлом, а с обучением&quot; - т.е. работника не бьют а учат.&#xA;Левша был из Тулы. От Тулы до Курска 300 километров, так что Левша вполне может употреблять диалектные слова Курской губернии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looks like it is a dialect word. Dahl's dictionary &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc2p/209902&quot;&gt;explains&lt;/a&gt; it as &quot;битва, драка, побоище, пошибанье&quot;. So the meaning of the phrase is that the workers are not beaten. Левша is from Tula, which is only 300 kilometers away from Kursk where this word was recorded by Dahl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-02-18T12:57:40.523" LastActivityDate="2014-02-18T12:57:40.523" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4131" CreationDate="2014-02-18T12:54:31.977" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;I googled for &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;уход часов&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; suggested by jwalker and found a lot of documents. Looks like it is a professional term. Here is a citation from &lt;a href=&quot;http://krugosvet.ru/enc/nauka_i_tehnika/voennaya_tehnika/NAVIGATSIYA.html?page=0,2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Энциклопедия Кругосвет&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; about GPS positioning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Система основана на вычислении расстояния от пользователя до спутника по измеренному времени от передачи сигнала спутником до приема этого сигнала пользователем. Пользователю не требуется иметь точные часы, поскольку измеряется расстояние до четырех спутников и по данным этих измерений вычисляются не только три координаты, но и &lt;strong&gt;уход часов&lt;/strong&gt; пользователя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com.ua/search?tbm=bks&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;q=%22%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%22&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Google Book Search&lt;/a&gt; gives a lot of citations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Часы с системой автоподстройки работали с большой стабильностью: среднеквадратическая вариация суточного хода за семь месяцев составила 1*10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; с, а &lt;strong&gt;уход часов&lt;/strong&gt; за этот же период — 2,8 мс. - Труды Советской антарктической экспедиции, 1978.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Долгота&lt;/a&gt; uses this (or similar &amp;quot;среднесуточный уход&amp;quot;) term several times:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для того чтобы определять долготу с такой точностью во время плавания в Вест-Индию, требовались &lt;strong&gt;часы со среднесуточным уходом&lt;/strong&gt; не более 3 секунд (при том, что часы в то время считались очень точными, если вообще имели минутную стрелку).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эти часы были проверены во время двух плаваний в Вест-Индию — в 1761 и 1764 годах, &lt;strong&gt;уход&lt;/strong&gt; при этом составил 5 секунд за три месяца путешествия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-02-18T13:18:13.003" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4147" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4148" CreationDate="2014-02-19T09:44:31.490" Score="4" ViewCount="290" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это человек, который работает в этой области или это человек, который обладает высоким уровнем квалификации в данной области?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Контекст.&#xA;Вопрос в анкете:&#xA;&quot;Which of the following descriptions best characterizes you?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возможные ответы:&#xA;&quot;Student/Industry professional/Academic/Professor/Teacher/Hobbyist/Other&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3558" LastActivityDate="2014-04-07T15:34:07.743" Title="What's the Russian for &quot;Industry professional&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4147" CreationDate="2014-02-19T09:50:08.463" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;На мой взгляд, в данном контексте имеется в виду &lt;em&gt;&quot;человек, работающий в этой области&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.  Для описания &lt;em&gt;&quot;человека, обладающего высоким уровнем квалификации в этой области&quot;&lt;/em&gt; часто используется фраза &lt;em&gt;&quot;Industry expert&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-02-20T08:52:32.497" LastActivityDate="2014-02-20T08:52:32.497" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4083" CreationDate="2014-02-19T09:51:59.770" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Для объяснения значения слова &quot;towelheads” можно использовать сленговое выражение &quot;чурка&quot; или &quot;чурбан&quot;. В американском варианте означает осокрбительное название человека из средней Азии, носящего тюрбан. В русском языке это значение не связано с головным убором.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3558" LastEditorUserId="3558" LastEditDate="2014-02-19T13:21:16.807" LastActivityDate="2014-02-19T13:21:16.807" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4150" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4152" CreationDate="2014-02-19T18:10:24.173" Score="4" ViewCount="446" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I can tell, &quot;Tal&quot; isn't a Russian word that has any specific meaning.  Is there some kind of translation or history of the sound Tal that would shed light on the meaning of this family name?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3562" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:31:09.267" LastActivityDate="2015-09-17T18:40:30.153" Title="What is the meaning of the &quot;Tal&quot; in the Russian/Muldovan last name &quot;Talsky&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;ономастика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4150" CreationDate="2014-02-20T10:36:41.767" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually the word таль is present in Russian, however I cannot tell if the origin of your family name is connected with any of the meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is a term &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%28%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;таль&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;: &quot;Грузоподъемное устройство с ручным или моторным приводом.&quot; According to Vasmer it is known used from 1720 (many sailor's terms were borrowed at those times).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In some dialects the word &lt;strong&gt;таль&lt;/strong&gt; is synonym for &quot;оттепель&quot; (it is connected with words &quot;таять&quot;, &quot;проталина&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dahl's dictionary lists &lt;strong&gt;таль&lt;/strong&gt; as an old word for &quot;залог, заложник&quot; (captive): &quot;Детей своих отдает в тали&quot;. &#xA;Vasmer's dictionary supports Dahl, the similar words exist in Ukrainian, Serbian-croatian and Slovenian languages:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;таль&lt;/strong&gt; м. &quot;заложник&quot;, укр. таль, др.-русск. таль – то же (часто; см. Срезн. III, 922), сербохорв. та̏лац, род. п. та̏оца &quot;заложник&quot;, словен. tálǝc, род. п. tálca. По мнению Р. Муха (WuS I, 47), родственно лат. tālea &quot;саженец, молодая веточка&quot;, греч. τᾶλις, род. п. -ιδος &quot;взрослая девушка&quot;, τῆλις, род. п. -εως ж. &quot;стручковое растение&quot;, др.-инд. tālī &quot;определенное дерево&quot;, tālas &quot;винная пальма&quot;. О цслав. талии &quot;ramus virens&quot;, которое он относит сюда же, см. выше, тал. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-02-20T10:42:17.523" LastActivityDate="2014-02-20T10:42:17.523" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4153" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4154" CreationDate="2014-02-20T14:39:36.487" Score="9" ViewCount="1888" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a saying &quot;The grand piano in the bushes&quot; (&quot;рояль в кустах&quot;). What does it mean precisely, how to correctly use it in speech, and what is its origin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="190" LastActivityDate="2014-02-21T00:06:18.817" Title="What is the meaning and origin of &quot;The grand piano in the bushes&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4153" CreationDate="2014-02-20T16:23:01.173" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a pretty good article on Russian Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Рояль в кустах&lt;/a&gt;. I will translate a part of it as close as I can:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was a part of a sketch &amp;quot;Simply by accident&amp;quot; by Arkadii Arkanov and Grigory Gorin in 1963, where the usual Soviet television documentary cliches were exploited. The journalist &amp;quot;accidentaly&amp;quot; meets the old man in the street that happens to be a &amp;quot;передовик производства&amp;quot;. During the interview &amp;quot;accidentaly&amp;quot; all the required people and objects appear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the journalist finds out that the old man can play the violin, the instrument happens to be available. And finally they find a grand piano in the bushes in the street that the old man can play for the TV audience. The phrase &amp;quot;accidenataly&amp;quot; is used by the journalist all the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After this sketch the &amp;quot;рояль в кустах&amp;quot; become a famous meme.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here is a part of this scenario:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Серегин:&lt;/strong&gt; Да, я случайно взял с собой в сквер скрипку. Я исполню вам на ней «Полонез» Огинского! &lt;em&gt;(Достает скрипку, играет.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ведущий:&lt;/strong&gt; Превосходно! Браво! Вы, оказывается, талант!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Серегин:&lt;/strong&gt; Да!.. А еще я играю на пианино. Здесь как раз в кустах случайно стоит рояль, я могу сыграть… Я исполню вам «Полонез» Огинского.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ведущий:&lt;/strong&gt; Благодарим вас, Степан Васильевич, к сожалению, мы ограничены временем… Скажите пожалуйста, а как отдыхает ваша семья?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Серегин:&lt;/strong&gt; Моя жена всё больше отдыхает по хозяйству. А сын работает на Дальнем Востоке… А! Вот и он приехал. &lt;em&gt;(Поднимается навстречу сыну.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ведущий:&lt;/strong&gt; Какая приятная неожиданность…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an article on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/hardwords/25_270&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt; and on &lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.to/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Lurkmore&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The typical &amp;quot;grand piano&amp;quot; has the following attributes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's an object, ability or knowledge that allowes the heroes to cope with the situation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It appears exactly when needed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Before that moment there are no hints that it exists.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is used just to support a one specific moment of the plot and is not used or influence the situation aftewards.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-02-21T00:06:18.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4155" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-21T18:34:09.607" Score="5" ViewCount="334" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm working on translating a piece of fiction into English, and sometimes even when I generally know that some phrase is insulting, dismissive, etc., I don't actually understand precisely what the &quot;flavor&quot; of it is...can I get a native speaker to weigh in? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, how does &quot;послан за вином&quot; compare to &quot;послан в зад&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;АмериканкаСправляетсяСлангом...)))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3571" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T10:07:12.077" Title="What exactly is the &quot;mood&quot; of the phrase &quot;послан за вином&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4089" CreationDate="2014-02-22T17:18:44.947" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Руки не доходят&quot; is not walking by hands. For example. You have to do ten home-made pies. You can't do the sixth pie before the fifth pie. If you doing the fifth pie and somebody ask you about the sixth pie then your answer is &quot;Руки не дошли&quot;. &quot;не дошли&quot; mean &quot;not a turn&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3565" LastActivityDate="2014-02-22T17:18:44.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4157" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4158" CreationDate="2014-02-22T21:21:46.153" Score="1" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/irYM2VcBv4A?t=12m51s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Shostakovich against Stalin&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; documentary it's explained how Shostakovich once reacted to Stalin's oppinion (&quot;life is now better&quot;, &quot;let's make life better&quot;) by proposing a toast and sarcastically saying, according to the subtitules there: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Let's drink to life not getting any better&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think I hear&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;давайте выпем за то, чтобы лучше не былa (бы)&quot;  (Д.Ш.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt; is in parenthesis, since I'm totally unsure if that's the word pronounced after былa (or maybe &lt;em&gt;было&lt;/em&gt;). First question would be to confirm this. The second question is, if this a better translation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Let's drink to life, for it not be that good.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean, given the background.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2014-02-23T10:45:31.760" LastActivityDate="2014-02-23T10:45:31.760" Title="Correction of Shostakovich's quote &quot;давайте выпем за то, чтобы лучше не былa (бы)&quot; in documentary &quot;Shostakovich against Stalin&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4157" CreationDate="2014-02-22T22:00:35.713" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;He says &lt;em&gt;давайте выпьем за то, чтобы лучше не было бы&lt;/em&gt;, so subtitles translation is correct. Notice the accent: не́ было / не была́.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2014-02-22T22:00:35.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4155" CreationDate="2014-02-22T22:11:13.777" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, I've never heard that phrase as a slang phrase. Using the word &quot;послать&quot; here seems to having nothing in common with &quot;послать в зад&quot; and similar phrases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When Russians say &quot;послать за вином&quot; they usually mean two things - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;We have no wine, so let's ask someone to get wine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;We have some in common to &quot;celebrate&quot; together so, let's get some wine = let's ask some one to bring us wine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the context of the original text I can guess that second meaning was right in this case - I'd understand it as -&quot; One person gave money to another to buy wine and drink together.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3575" LastActivityDate="2014-02-22T22:11:13.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4160" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-23T11:25:13.357" Score="6" ViewCount="569" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to teach some small group Russian language (they know only &quot;kartoshka&quot;, &quot;babushka&quot;, &quot;Natasha&quot; etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, my question is not related to &quot;how to learn&quot; Russian, but &quot;how to teach&quot; - I suppose there are resources and plans to begin from, but I failed to find something structured. The primary goal is speaking, so the alphabet can be covered later. As you see, I use &quot;can&quot; because I have no plan for what to teach and when. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any suggestions and teaching schedules would be welcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3575" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditDate="2017-09-10T12:26:55.950" LastActivityDate="2017-09-10T12:26:55.950" Title="Teach Russian as non professional teacher" Tags="&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-09-10T12:32:13.877" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4161" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4171" CreationDate="2014-02-23T12:50:10.403" Score="7" ViewCount="1236" Body="&lt;p&gt;Probably this is related to questions such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/23/3538&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...] Russians prefer to hint at their feelings instead of describing them.&#xA;  Instead of saying they're excited about new job, they'll say the job is friggin' awesome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'm looking forward to this meeting&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;might be expressed somehow like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Будет [...] встреча&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where the brackets can contain a positive adjectiv of ones choice&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, is there a phrase which is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;more close to the english &lt;code&gt;looking forward to&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and used quite commonly&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-09-26T03:25:41.713" Title="Russian equivalent for &quot;looking forward to&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4155" CreationDate="2014-02-23T17:34:21.693" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Из-за этих понтов я, например, больше не решаюсь предлагать ей денег (уже пробовал), поскольку могу быть сразу послан в зад или за вином. Тогда, скорей всего, я тоже захочу ее послать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of this attitude^1 I, for example, will not be offering her money(already tried), since I may be suddenly sent to hell^2 or to get wine. Then, probably, I too will want to send^3 her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;^1 must be discussed earlier in the piece.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;^2 closest translation is &quot;sent to hell&quot;, literal is &quot;sent into the ass&quot;, but this is not talking about anal sex.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;^3 meaning retort the insult earlier 'send her to hell' or may even mean that he will not associate with her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically this is an individual(she) who views gifts of money as insulting and prefers actual gifts, the person speaking is most likely of upper class with excess of money and no understanding of Russian culture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3578" LastActivityDate="2014-02-23T17:34:21.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4163" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4164" CreationDate="2014-02-23T20:25:06.987" Score="2" ViewCount="1112" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like to know the difference in common usage of those four prepositions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;потом  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;затем  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;спустя  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;после чего&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides: Is &lt;code&gt;после чего&lt;/code&gt; equal to &lt;code&gt;после этого&lt;/code&gt; and if not, what's the difference? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-07-15T07:16:03.983" Title="потом vs затем vs спустя vs после чего" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4163" CreationDate="2014-02-23T21:47:36.337" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Потом&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;затем&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;после чего&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; you can use one instead another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я ответил на вопрос на форуме, потом/затем/после чего пошел спать.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;спустя&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; you use to say &lt;em&gt;after some period of time&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;After 5 minutes, I went to sleep...&#xA;Cпустя 5 минут я пошел спать...&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;после этого&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; you use after you have explained you did something:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я ответил на вопрос и после этого пошел спать.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3575" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-07-15T07:16:03.983" LastActivityDate="2014-07-15T07:16:03.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4161" CreationDate="2014-02-23T21:59:07.553" Score="0" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;предвкушать что-либо (~~ like foretaste)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ожидать чего-либо с удовольствием/нетерпением (~~ wait impatiently)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3575" LastActivityDate="2014-02-23T21:59:07.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4166" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4169" CreationDate="2014-02-23T23:05:26.797" Score="5" ViewCount="1528" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen both the constructions ‘Что нового?’ and ‘Что новое?’. I believe that both mean ‘What is new?’, but I cannot tell whether they are interchangable. (&lt;b&gt;Edit:&lt;/b&gt; cha mentions ‘Чего нового?’ below; any information on this construction in addition to the previous two would be welcomed.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A quick Google search yields &lt;a href=&quot;http://iling.spb.ru/confs/rusconstr2013/pdf/handouts/mankila.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;, but my Russian is not good enough for me to read it without the help of a dictionary/translation programme, and when I try to copy the text it turns into boxes .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Edit:&lt;/b&gt; Would the same comments apply for ‘что-то нового’, ‘что-то новое’ and ‘чего-то нового’? A Google search seems to suggest otherwise, but I do not understand the reason why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2191" LastEditorUserId="2191" LastEditDate="2014-02-24T15:40:12.970" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T17:16:31.707" Title="What is the difference between ‘Что нового?’, ‘Что новое?’ and ‘Чего нового?’" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4167" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4170" CreationDate="2014-02-24T00:18:05.280" Score="8" ViewCount="327" Body="&lt;p&gt;What endings should I choose when I am talking about quantities equal to 21 + 10n? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вчера в ответ на свою статью получил аж тридцать одно сообщение.&#xA;  Думал, что все они будут о моей статье, но оказалось не так – из все(х/го)&#xA;  тридцать одн? прибывш(ий/их) сообщени(й/я) только перв(ое/ые) двадцать одн? был(о/и) по&#xA;  существу, остальные же можно было бы и не читать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Судейская коллегия состояла из двадцать одн? суд(ей/ьи). Случай был&#xA;  уникальный. Впервые за всю историю нашего существования среди судей&#xA;  царило полное согласие. Все двадцать одн? присутствоваш(ий/ие) судь? был? абсолютно&#xA;  согласны друг с другом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&#xA;added &quot;прибывш(ий/их)&quot; and &quot;присутствоваш(ий/ие)&quot; to my examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&#xA;placed &quot;прибывш(ий/их)&quot; and &quot;присутствоваш(ий/ие)&quot; right before the nouns that they are describing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2014-02-25T11:30:17.080" LastActivityDate="2014-03-18T14:30:53.673" Title="Из всех тридцать одн? сообщений только перв(ое/ые) двадцать одн? был(о/и) по существу" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4155" CreationDate="2014-02-24T01:25:11.830" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given that the narrator talks about a street bum in denial (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com.au/books?id=HeO5AAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT27&amp;amp;lpg=PT27&amp;amp;dq=%D0%98%D0%B7-%D0%B7%D0%B0%20%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D1%8F,%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80,%20%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%8C%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%B5%D0%B9%20%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%20%28%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%29,%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%20%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%20%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D0%B2%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%20%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%20%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC.%20%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0,%20%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%20%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE,%20%D1%8F%20%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%83%20%D0%B5%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=GO6Y7SJjLm&amp;amp;sig=g2BMG7mENEmiCtAyIvmSNyHQJ3I&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=3p0KU8SJLYnrlAXf1YHIDQ&amp;amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D0%98%D0%B7-%D0%B7%D0%B0%20%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D1%8F,%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80,%20%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%8C%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%B5%D0%B9%20%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%20%28%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%29,%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%20%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%20%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%20%D0%B2%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%20%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%20%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC.%20%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0,%20%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%20%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE,%20%D1%8F%20%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%83%20%D0%B5%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the full context&lt;/a&gt;), I think the meaning is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;If I offer her money, she will either tell me to fuck off or send me to spend the money on wine that we will have to drink together as a &quot;celebration&quot; (she thinks accepting money is low). Then I'm probably going to tell her to fuck off&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2244" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T01:25:11.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4166" CreationDate="2014-02-24T05:49:08.147" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Что нового? Is standard phrase when you meet friend and ask &quot;What's new&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что новое? Have right to exist, however by most it will considered as a low education level of a speaker. In very rare conditions you can ask so about some new things really existing or really happen, but again I'd advice don't use this variant by non native speakers - it's very difficult to use in a right context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3575" LastEditorDisplayName="user3575" LastEditDate="2014-02-24T13:17:05.363" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T13:17:05.363" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4167" CreationDate="2014-02-24T06:08:30.177" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not know the rule, but this one sounds about right:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вчера в ответ на свою статью получил аж тридцать одно сообщение.&#xA;  Думал, что все они будут о моей статье, но оказалось не так – из&#xA;  всех тридцати одного сообщения только первые двадцать одно&#xA;  были по существу, остальные же можно было бы и не читать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Судейская коллегия состояла из двадцати одного судьи. Случай был&#xA;  уникальный. Впервые за всю историю нашего существования среди судей&#xA;  царило полное согласие. Все двадцать один судья были абсолютно&#xA;  согласны друг с другом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2273" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T06:08:30.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4161" CreationDate="2014-02-24T08:45:09.013" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Буквальный перевод &amp;quot;I'm looking forward to this meeting&amp;quot;, который можно было бы найти в словаре скорее всего такой:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я с нетерпением ожидаю этой встречи &lt;em&gt;(или собрания)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но здесь много &amp;quot;лишних&amp;quot; или &amp;quot;редких&amp;quot; слов: &amp;quot;Я&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;ожидаю&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;этой&amp;quot;, которые использованы для того чтобы максимально приблизить все оттенки смысла русской фразы к английскому. Обычно говорят проще:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С нетерпением жду встречи&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очень жду встречи&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чтобы &amp;quot;спрятать&amp;quot; свое эмоциональное отношение к будущему событию, достаточно сказать &amp;quot;жду встречи&amp;quot;. Но если встреча предполагается с каким-то близким человеком, то скорее всего это будет:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жду нашей встречи&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но в этом случае возникает вопрос - насколько уместно скрывать свое эмоциональное отношение к этому событию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T08:45:09.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4155" CreationDate="2014-02-24T08:51:54.833" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the university where I studied, students in dorm have a conception &lt;em&gt;послать за водкой&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сбегать за водкой&lt;/em&gt;. Older students ordered younger (inexperienced) ones to go and buy them vodka. They even gave all the needed money, no cheating. But this was treated as an insult among students because a person is asked (or ordered) to serve. So, first advice to novices was: &quot;Don't go for vodka&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, maybe here is also some sense of insulting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T08:51:54.833" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4173" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4174" CreationDate="2014-02-24T09:07:41.380" Score="4" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Video:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/emWWReNhnPw?t=1h28m25s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://youtu.be/emWWReNhnPw?t=1h28m25s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Transcript:&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;Если бы у человека было такое свойство, как до лени чего-нибудь, я бы постирал бы себе в башке много чего о том, о чем не хочу вспоминать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He's reflecting on his life, and I think talking about some things he'd rather not remember. What does he say about laziness? How would you put it in English? My Russian is only good enough at present to recognise key words :-/&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2480" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T09:34:21.273" Title="What does this speaker mean by &quot;Если бы у человека было такое свойство...&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4173" CreationDate="2014-02-24T09:34:21.273" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;More correct phrase in this video fragment:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Если бы у человека было такое свойство, как &lt;strong&gt;УДАЛЕНИЕ&lt;/strong&gt; чего-нибудь, я бы постирал у себя в башке много чего того, о чем не хочу вспоминать.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, this teenager says about removing memories.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3581" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T09:34:21.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4155" CreationDate="2014-02-24T10:07:12.077" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;послан в зад&quot; (обычно говорят: &quot;пошел в жопу&quot;, это довольное грубое оскорбление) - the best translation is &quot;go to hell&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The person who &quot;послан за вином&quot; was insulted because no one wants to serve others by bringing them drinks. That kind of insulting has hidden meaning in a way that person is rejected in a polite manner. It is like trolling on the Internet if we are talking about attitude towards that person.&#xA;So, the translation, according to the context, is &quot;was rejected&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3580" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T10:07:12.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4160" CreationDate="2014-02-24T12:52:48.787" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;For teaching resources, you should look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/833/resources-for-learning-russian&quot;&gt;our resource page&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Use a course book&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;I would suggest that you go to any large bookshop and go through course books and find the one that you like the most. You should buy it (or maybe find it online) and follow it. All your students should have a copy of the book, or at least should keep the print-out pages you give them, because without it, students may feel lost and do not get a coherent learning experience. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most obvious advantages of following the course other people designed is that you already have texts, dialogues, exercises, vocabulary and grammar selected, explained and prepared for the needs of your students. For example, the book might introduce the locative case together with countries and continents names and questions like &quot;where are you from?&quot; and &quot;Where is the library&quot;, so you don't have to match grammar with fitting topics, come up with the rules you only know intuitively, find examples to illustrate your points, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You can always add your own material&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;You don't have to stick to everything they put in the book, and furthermore, you can add more texts or dialogues. If you do, be sure not to use more than 10-20 new words and 1-2 grammar elements per text. For dialogues this number is even lower, up to 8 words, I'd say, especially in the beginning of the course. Also, you should make your students learn dialogues by heart. Knowing phrases like &quot;Привет, меня зовут...&quot;, &quot;Как добраться до...&quot;, &quot;Тише едешь, дальше будешь&quot; and even &quot;Боже мой!&quot; will help immensely and will give the feeling that they can already say something in Russian, even though they do not really know what &quot;меня&quot; means and what case it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also add own exercises. You might need it if the book only contains translation exercises and you want your students to talk. Ask them to compose dialogues, describe things they see, like or know, ask each other for directions, make compliments to each other, etc., whatever fits the topic of your current chapter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't give up on the written language&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;I'd suggest that you don't give up on reading so easily, because while the Cyrillic alphabet may be difficult to learn, reading is the easiest way to maintain and improve the language. Also, learning new words without being able to write them down is tough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Regular and easy lessons are best&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;And finally, short regular lessons are better than long, but sporadic ones. Without regularity, nothing will work out.&#xA;Also, too little new material is better than too much. It is better to take things slowly and after 3 lessons ask your students if they like the pace and whether they'd prefer to do more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T16:04:18.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4167" CreationDate="2014-02-24T13:28:14.800" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules are different for the 10n part and for the 1 part of the numerals. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 10n part changes in the same way it usually changes (for a proper description see &lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/aa050601a.shtml&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; or your peferred grammar reference book).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The noun should be singular and in the case that matches its grammatical function in the sentence (e.g. nominative for the subject, accusative for the direct object, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 1 part you need to put in the form that matches the case, the number and the gender of the following noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are 3 examples from your text:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я получил тридцать одно сообщение &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Из тридцати одного сообщения только первые двадцать одно были по существу. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Двадцать один судья были согласны друг с другом &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In example 1., &quot;сообщение&quot; is of neutral gender and occupies the position of a direct object, which means it needs to be in the accusative case (that matches the form of the nominative case, since &quot;сообщение&quot; is inanimate). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In example 2., you get the genitive case with the preposition &quot;из&quot; and the nominative case for the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In example 3., you get the nominative again, because the word &quot;судья&quot; is the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all examples, the nouns are in singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;May I just note that your question looks like you're seeking someone to do a whole exercise for you. I believe that it is frown upon here and you shouldn't do it again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T13:28:14.800" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4166" CreationDate="2014-02-24T17:16:31.707" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a short summary of the article. I personally find some of the examples unnatural and therefore cannot support the hypothesis of this paper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SUMMARY&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two constructions of pronoun &quot;что&quot; with an adjective, which may be illustrated by examples &quot;что нового&quot; (adjective in genitive) and &quot;что новое&quot; (adjective in nominative\accusative). They both mean the same (&quot;something new&quot;). They can be used in questions, in relative clauses, in subordinate sentences with &quot;if&quot; and with some demonstrative particles. &#xA;The question that this work is trying to answer is &quot;In what cases which of the two constructions should be used?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main hypothesis of the paper is that &quot;что новое&quot; is employed more often with indefinite and demonstrative &quot;что&quot;, while &quot;что нового&quot; is more frequently employed with &quot;что&quot; when it is used to form a question or a relative clause. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 A question: Что нового/новое произошло? (нового is preferred)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;2 A relative: единственное, что нового/новое произошло (нового is preferred)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;3 A demonstrative: вот что новое/нового произошло (новое is preferred) &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 2&#xA;Semantically, any adjective may be used in these constructions. When it is used with adjectives &quot;такой&quot; and &quot;свой&quot;, the genitive case is seen more often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 3&#xA;Syntactic position and the type of the predicate have strong influence on the type of construction that can be used. &#xA;If the construction is used as a subject of an active action, nominative case is preferred (4). If the verb denotes a state or is passive, both nominative and genitive are allowed. (5 and 6)&#xA;More examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4 Так что же хорошее может порадовать, дать надежду нам, людям старшего поколения (...)?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;5 Что такого случилось, что я должен уйти? &#xA;6 Что своего вы привнесли в сюжет романа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 4&#xA;Pronoun may or may not be placed together with the adjective (Что у тебя нового? vs. Что нового у тебя?). When adjective and noun are placed together, the probability of nominative case is higher (about 25 percent) than when they are placed separately (10 percent). The statistics is collected for 4 constructions, see section 4 of the article for examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, in construction with conjunction &quot;если&quot; (see 7), the probability of nominative case is higher than in other constructions (about 48 percent when placed together, about 90 percent when placed apart). Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7 Так что если что новое узнал - пиши, звони, кидай на E-mail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these constructions &quot;что новое&quot; actually means &quot;something new&quot; and can be changed into &quot;что-то новое&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 5&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Чего нового&quot; is a colloquial variant, it is used with genitive more often, but nominative cases exist, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 6.&#xA;The tendency of using the adjective in the nominative\accusative case together with pronoun &quot;что&quot; in case if they are put together is a sign that here pronoun &quot;что&quot; is an indefinite pronoun (I didn't get why this conclusion is made, but I guess it has something to do with the fact that using nominative\accusative case looks like agreement, and the use of genitive looks like government).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T17:16:31.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="648" CreationDate="2014-02-24T20:26:58.920" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is the distribution chart including the comparison of the 2nd person singular&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мной - blue&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  мною - red&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  тобой - green&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  тобою - orange&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/htHDw.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-02-24T20:26:58.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3064" CreationDate="2014-02-25T00:31:51.610" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_%28software%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wine&lt;/a&gt; to install grammatica on MacOS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="506" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-10T13:16:31.120" LastActivityDate="2014-05-10T13:16:31.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4182" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4183" CreationDate="2014-02-25T05:58:42.963" Score="2" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/fR_r22oxEh4?t=8m5s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this clip&lt;/a&gt; (starting at 8:05), Russian conductor Mravinsky is talking about the composer Sibelius. I can understand most of it, except for the &lt;strong&gt;???&lt;/strong&gt; marks below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но этот компоситор до сих пор один из моих любимых потому, что...тот ледяной &#xA;      чистоты воздух, который веет из глубин его музыкального текста. Это неповторимо, &#xA;      и до его не бывал, и после него, я тоже не знаю, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;таких произведений с которыми &#xA;      веел&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;???&lt;/strong&gt;) такой хрустальной, немножко леденящей чистотой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И всегда еще в этих произведениях немножко бывает такое ощущение свежевы-&lt;strong&gt;????&lt;/strong&gt; веска, как будто вы идете против &lt;strong&gt;???&lt;/strong&gt; свежий дух.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first case, I don't understand the grammar (or I misheard it). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second two cases, I can't parse what he's saying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="313" LastActivityDate="2014-02-25T10:31:33.337" Title="Mravinsky mumbles" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4183" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4182" CreationDate="2014-02-25T06:51:05.973" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, the audio is not the best quality. For this reason, you find it difficult to disassemble speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но этот &lt;strong&gt;композитор&lt;/strong&gt; до сих пор один из моих любимых, потому что тот&#xA;  ледяной чистоты воздух, который веет из глубин его музыкального текста&#xA;  - это неповторимо, и до него не бывало, и после него я тоже не знаю таких произведений, &lt;strong&gt;от которых веяло&lt;/strong&gt; такой хрустальной, немножко&#xA;  леденящей чистотой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И всегда еще в этих произведениях немножко бывает такое ощущение&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;свежего ветерка в висках&lt;/strong&gt;, как будто вы идете &lt;strong&gt;против ветра&lt;/strong&gt;. Такой вот свежий дух.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, the last phrase mentioned in this short note: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.moles.ee/05/Jun/01/6-1.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.moles.ee/05/Jun/01/6-1.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3581" LastEditorUserId="3581" LastEditDate="2014-02-25T10:31:33.337" LastActivityDate="2014-02-25T10:31:33.337" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4167" CreationDate="2014-02-25T08:29:11.070" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вчера в ответ на свою статью получил аж тридцать одно сообщение. Думал, что все они будут о моей статье, но оказалось не так – из всех прибывших тридцать одного сообщения только первые двадцать одно были по существу, остальные же можно было бы и не читать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Судейская коллегия состояла из двадцать одного судьи. Случай был уникальный. Впервые за всю историю нашего существования среди судей царило полное согласие. Все присутствовашие двадцать один судья были абсолютно согласны друг с другом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3585" LastActivityDate="2014-02-25T08:29:11.070" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4185" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4186" CreationDate="2014-02-25T14:04:33.483" Score="5" ViewCount="328" Body="&lt;p&gt;mental jobs - психическая работа ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In russian, there are two labors: &lt;code&gt;Умственный труд&lt;/code&gt; vs &lt;code&gt;Физический труд&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I can compose is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;mental jobs - рабочие места для умственного труда&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How it names right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2496" LastActivityDate="2015-01-30T23:47:38.890" Title="How to translate &quot;mental jobs&quot; to russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4185" CreationDate="2014-02-25T14:08:15.220" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that for the phrase &quot;mental jobs&quot; is the most suitable the follow - &lt;strong&gt;умственная работа&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, the phrase translation depends on the context.&#xA;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Я выполняю &lt;strong&gt;умственную работу&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - is correct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Я занимаюсь умственным трудом&quot; - is correct too&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Я выполняю &lt;strong&gt;умственный труд&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - is not correct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3581" LastEditorUserId="3581" LastEditDate="2014-02-25T14:14:57.797" LastActivityDate="2014-02-25T14:14:57.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4187" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4188" CreationDate="2014-02-25T16:39:10.560" Score="6" ViewCount="950" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you tell me please how can i translate &lt;strong&gt;Responsive&lt;/strong&gt; into Russian? &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The context is web-design, and Responsive means that the website adapt itself depending on the device through which it is viewed (pc, tablet, iphone..)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google Translate give &lt;strong&gt;отзывчивый&lt;/strong&gt; but i don't think is the proper translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Someone can help me please?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you very much!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1961" LastActivityDate="2014-02-25T19:36:37.430" Title="How to translate &quot;Responsive&quot; into Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4187" CreationDate="2014-02-25T16:52:48.843" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You cannot use отзывчивый in the mentioned context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use adjective адаптированный/адаптирован instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Наш сайт адаптирован под  автоматическое изменение контента в зависимости от платформы пользователя.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Наш сайт адаптирован для всех мобильных платформ.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Наш сайт платформо-независим.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Наш сайт универсален и работает на любой платформе.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the general definition for such type of the site is &quot;адаптивный сайт&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3575" LastActivityDate="2014-02-25T16:52:48.843" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4187" CreationDate="2014-02-25T19:36:37.430" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The usual translation in this context is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;адаптивный&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (see the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD&quot;&gt;wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt;), though the translation &quot;&lt;strong&gt;отзывчивый&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is also mentioned in the same article. The discussion page mentions certain &lt;a href=&quot;http://viljamis.com/blog/2012/adaptive-vs-responsive-whats-the-difference.php&quot;&gt;subtle differences&lt;/a&gt; between the two notions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2069" LastActivityDate="2014-02-25T19:36:37.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4190" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-02-26T07:09:19.530" Score="6" ViewCount="518" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have learned how to translate &quot;можно&quot; in phrases (e.g. with &quot;it is possible&quot;, &quot;one can&quot;, &quot;it can be (done)&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I would like to know the actual grammatical role of the word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My conjecture is the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is an adjective singular neutrum that simply means &quot;possible&quot;, but which is no longer used outside this kind of phrase, but still exists in composite adjectives like возмо́жный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to know if this is right and if it indeed comes from an older adjective no longer in common use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3592" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2014-02-26T09:34:30.877" LastActivityDate="2014-02-26T09:34:30.877" Title="Grammatical role of можно" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4191" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4196" CreationDate="2014-02-26T07:25:28.600" Score="7" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;My book on Russian claims that in phrases like &#xA;здесь нет телефо́на&#xA;the нет is a contraction of не and есть .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this etymologically true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I realize that it is translated as such, but this is not my question.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3592" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2014-02-26T09:34:49.477" LastActivityDate="2014-02-26T20:32:26.597" Title="Is нет ever a contraction of не and есть?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4191" CreationDate="2014-02-26T08:03:59.733" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will try form better than in comment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It will be &lt;code&gt;there is no phone&lt;/code&gt; in this case because of &quot;there is&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of &quot;there is / there is no&quot; - specific phrases &quot;нет&quot; will be both &lt;code&gt;is no&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in other cases it's not, for example when &quot;нет&quot; is an answer to &quot;yes/no&quot; question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="514" LastActivityDate="2014-02-26T08:03:59.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4190" CreationDate="2014-02-26T08:22:01.570" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's predicative. equal to &lt;code&gt;возможно&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's really hard to explain fully but will try to clarify some things&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;you can say &lt;code&gt;мне можно&lt;/code&gt; -&gt; &lt;code&gt;I may&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;you can't say &lt;code&gt;мне возможно&lt;/code&gt; but &lt;code&gt;это для меня возможно&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;it is possible for me&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In questions &lt;code&gt;можно&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;may&lt;/code&gt; like a &lt;code&gt;question to action&lt;/code&gt;... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;можно мне ....&lt;/code&gt; -&gt; &lt;code&gt;May I ....&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;code&gt;возможно-ли что ...&lt;/code&gt; will strongly still be &lt;code&gt;is it possible that ...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in nutshell &lt;code&gt;можно&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;возможно&lt;/code&gt; have got the same base &lt;code&gt;мож&lt;/code&gt; and same suffix but used in different ways...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;как можно скорее - as soon as possible&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;возможно земля круглая - maybe the earth is round&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="514" LastActivityDate="2014-02-26T08:22:01.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4194" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4287" CreationDate="2014-02-26T10:17:07.777" Score="7" ViewCount="366" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does there exist in Russian a pair of sentences which are the formal negation of each other, but have the same meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1212" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2014-03-25T21:37:08.260" LastActivityDate="2016-06-02T15:54:08.420" Title="Can you provide two sentences that mean the same, but one sentence is formally a negation of another?" Tags="&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4191" CreationDate="2014-02-26T10:49:06.323" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;не&quot; is close to &quot;not&quot;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;нет&quot; is close to &quot;no&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I always used that simple rule teaching English to Russian children.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yes, &quot;нет&quot; was sometimes the contraction of &quot;не&quot;+&quot;есть&quot;. The old form was &lt;a href=&quot;http://ozhegov.info/slovar/?ex=Y&amp;amp;q=%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%AC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;несть&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, and it can be met in classic Russian poetry of XIX Century. But nobody feels that connection anymore, it is too hidden, in contrast to Slovenian, for example, where it is obvious even now. But Slovenian and Czech languages are the most conservative Slavic languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1212" LastActivityDate="2014-02-26T10:49:06.323" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4191" CreationDate="2014-02-26T11:42:40.330" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Currently no Russian speaker feels that word &lt;strong&gt;нет&lt;/strong&gt; is compressed form of &lt;strong&gt;не есть&lt;/strong&gt;. The &lt;strong&gt;нет&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt; are thought as antonyms. However looks like long ago (over 600 years ago) the connection between them existed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Vasmer's dictionary, the etymology of &lt;strong&gt;нет&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;народн. &lt;strong&gt;не́ту&lt;/strong&gt;, др.-русск. &lt;strong&gt;нѣту&lt;/strong&gt; (РП, Владим. Моном., Лаврентьевск. летоп.) и &lt;strong&gt;нѣтъ&lt;/strong&gt; (Лаврентьевск. летоп., Договорная грам. Димитр. Донск. 1372 г., Полоцк. грам. 1399 г.; см. Соболевский, Лекции 94 и сл.). &lt;strong&gt;Из более старого *не ѥ ту;&lt;/strong&gt; см. Соболевский, там же, 249; Преобр. I, 218, 596; Цв. Тодоров, &quot;Slavia&quot;, 14, 519 (где о -ту, с литер.); ср. также тут (см.). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, before 14th century it had a form &lt;strong&gt;*не ѥ ту&lt;/strong&gt; (asterisk means that the written form is reconstructed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand the word &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt; etymologically has a prototype in Old Slavonic:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ѥстъ, редко ѥ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Etymology of &lt;strong&gt;тут&lt;/strong&gt; by Vasmer is connected with Old Russian word &lt;strong&gt;ту&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;др.-русск. ту - &quot;там, туда, тут&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So looks like the word &lt;strong&gt;нет&lt;/strong&gt; before 14th century was expressed as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;*не ѥ ту = &lt;strong&gt;не есть тут&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;не есть там&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;не есть туда&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-02-26T12:27:29.550" LastActivityDate="2014-02-26T12:27:29.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4194" CreationDate="2014-02-26T14:25:34.450" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do you mean that you are looking for two sentences that have opposite meaning, and both contain grammatical negation? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes, my answer is &quot;indirect negation&quot;. Compare the following two sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не думаю, что Алекс выиграет&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я думаю, что Алекс не выиграет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &quot;думать&quot; here means &quot;to believe&quot;, and both sentences state the same: the absence of your belief in Alex's victory. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not a specifically Russian thing, you can construct the same two sentences in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I don't believe that Alex will win&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I believe that Alex will not win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can make similar trick with other verbs of statement, such as &quot;считать&quot;, &quot;полагать&quot;, &quot;верить&quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-03-21T21:06:49.437" LastActivityDate="2014-03-21T21:06:49.437" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4191" CreationDate="2014-02-26T20:32:26.597" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I assume every complete sentence needs a verb. when you say &quot;здесь нет телефо́на&quot;, &quot;нет&quot; acts like a verb. so it makes a total sense that it is indeed a contraction of &quot;not&quot; and &quot;to be&quot;, very much like &quot;there is no phone&quot;. unless in Russian somehow &quot;нет&quot; is recognized as a verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-02-26T20:32:26.597" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4199" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2742" CreationDate="2014-02-26T21:24:49.043" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll throw another answer here. I don't remember where exactly I read it, but there was a translation of Pope's epitaph in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night: God said,  &quot;Let Newton be! and&#xA;  all was light.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that it was well circulated among Soviet physicists as a joke, but the God's words were translated somewhat incorrectly to Russian as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Let be the light! And so came Newton&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is that &quot;Да будет свет! - сказал электрик и перерезал провода.?&quot; could be a non sequitur around that epitaph.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's funny that there's a follow up verse by J.C.Squire, which was also translated to Russian and well known among physicists:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It did not last, the devil a howling, &quot;Ho, let Einstein be!, restored the&#xA;  status-quo.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-02-26T21:24:49.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4163" CreationDate="2014-02-26T21:37:33.547" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;потом and затем can also be used separately when answering certain kind of questions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;When will you do this?&quot; - &quot;потом&quot;. in this context it means &quot;Later on&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Why did you do this?&quot; - &quot;затем&quot;. in this context it means &quot;I don't want to answer&quot; or &quot;None of your business&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-02-26T21:37:33.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4194" CreationDate="2014-02-27T11:09:02.103" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;My answer would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хотите ли откушать рыбки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не хотите ли откушать рыбки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter question however cannot be answered with simple &lt;strong&gt;Да&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;Нет&lt;/strong&gt; answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T11:09:02.103" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4204" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4206" CreationDate="2014-02-27T18:40:39.907" Score="4" ViewCount="535" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are commonly used, synonymous words and phrases for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;кстати&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean also in the sense of &lt;code&gt;now that I think about it&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;мне приходит голову&lt;/code&gt;?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-02-27T21:25:09.907" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T23:12:23.067" Title="Synonyms for кстати" Tags="&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4204" CreationDate="2014-02-27T19:12:33.700" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;All words bellow are synonymous:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;уместно, у места, к месту, к лицу, на руку, с руки, к слову, в лад, в меру, впору, в самую пору, впопад, вовремя, в (свое, надлежащее) время, своевременно, благовременно, во благовременьи, под стать, соразмерно, пропорционально, как раз, мимоходом; подходящий; в нужный момент, пользуясь случаем, ко времени, кстати о музыке, тут же, в свое время, кстати замечу, между делом, при случае, замечу кстати, к слову сказать, попутно, попутно замечу, между прочим, благовремение, на ходу, заодно, к руке, кстати сказать, замечу попутно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3589" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T19:12:33.700" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4204" CreationDate="2014-02-27T23:12:23.067" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Кстати&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; has two meanings: as in &lt;code&gt;just when it was needed&lt;/code&gt; [example: мне нужна была информация, и эта статья попалась мне очень кстати - I needed information, and I saw this article just when it was needed], and as in &lt;code&gt;apropos&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;by the way&lt;/code&gt; [example: кстати, ты читал эту книгу? - By the way, have you read this book?].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Synonymous words in first case can be: как раз (exactly at/when/as...; note that this phrase can't be used as a finishing phrase to a sentence, it must be followed by some description: как раз когда нужно, как раз где хотел, как раз как понадобилось etc...), вовремя (on the right time), своевременно (in a timely manner), к месту (in place), на руку (in hand), в нужный момент (on the right time/on the right moment)...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Synonymous words in second case: к слову (speaking of/by the way), говоря о [...] (speaking of [...]), кстати о птичках (speaking of birds - used jokingly, not to be used in formal conversations, just among friends), между прочим (by the way/among other things), апропо (apropos - extremely rarely used).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3604" LastActivityDate="2014-02-27T23:12:23.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4163" CreationDate="2014-02-28T04:35:51.153" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;All of these words have pretty much the same meaning and it's all about sequence&#xA;Потом - then&#xA;Затем - next&#xA;Спустя - after&#xA;После чего - after that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3606" LastActivityDate="2014-02-28T04:35:51.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4131" CreationDate="2014-02-28T13:06:18.547" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;text adapted for bitcoin:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.5.5 Погрешность времени&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the name of the section you want to use as the name of the attack, can be rename to:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;4.5.5 Фальсификация времени&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Falsification in this context combines concepts such as the time is lag and the time is fast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Злоумышленник может инициировать атаку &lt;strong&gt;фальсификацией времени&lt;/strong&gt;, против двух различных узлов[116], путем создания многочисленных вредоносных соединений.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Атака с использованием &lt;strong&gt;фальсификации времени&lt;/strong&gt;, может быть использована для облегчения применения двойной атаки (см. 4.5.13), в качестве атакующего. Путем создания альтернативной цепочки блоков, которая будет принята, только атакуемым с &lt;strong&gt;фальсифицированным временем&lt;/strong&gt;. В этом случае атакуемому участнику не придется иметь дело с валидной цепочкой блоков.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если злоумышленник сможет &lt;strong&gt;фальсифицировать отставание времени&lt;/strong&gt; от текущего времени участников сети, у первого майнинг пула, а у второго &lt;strong&gt;опережение времени&lt;/strong&gt;, атака может привести пулы к невозможности генерации различных блоков, которые могли бы оказаться в цепочке блоков.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3608" LastActivityDate="2014-02-28T13:06:18.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4209" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4210" CreationDate="2014-02-28T14:27:48.450" Score="15" ViewCount="48557" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какая у слова &quot;Илья&quot; правильная форма множественного числа родительного падежа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Множественное число от имен собственных вообще редко встречается, но все же возможно, например, в предложении &quot;У меня нет знакомых Маш&quot;. Как заменить в этом предложении слово &quot;Маша&quot; на слово &quot;Илья&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Конечно, всегда можно сказать &quot;У меня нет знакомых по имени Илья&quot;, но это не решает проблему, а обходит ее стороной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:30:01.997" LastActivityDate="2017-01-31T22:30:30.663" Title="&quot;Илья&quot; во множественном числе и в родительном падеже" Tags="&lt;множественное-число&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;&lt;ономастика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4209" CreationDate="2014-02-28T15:54:42.157" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;На многих ресурсах указывается правильный вариант &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Илей&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например на &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.gramota.ru/forum/read.php?f=14&amp;amp;i=11894&amp;amp;t=11891&quot;&gt;грамотеру&lt;/a&gt; - Ильям, &lt;strong&gt;Илей&lt;/strong&gt;, Ильями, Ильях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Форма &quot;Ильёв&quot; является неправильной и вот как &lt;a href=&quot;http://nauka.relis.ru/56/9810/56810127.htm&quot;&gt;решена&lt;/a&gt; в журнале &quot;Наука и жизнь&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Собственные имена редко употребляются во множественном числе, но обратимся к нарицательным существительным типа: бадья, ладья, попадья, тулья, судья, статья и др. Формы родительного множественного от них: бадей, ладей, судей, статей и др. Значит, от Илья будет... Илей. Эти формы образованы с нулевым окончанием и беглой гласной, на которой и оказывается ударение. В привычных, часто употребляемых формах мы все это легко &quot;проделываем&quot;, но при необходимости образовать родительный множественного от собственного имени Илья произошла заминка. (И не у Саши Пчелкина, конечно, а у самого Валентина Катаева.) Форма Ильей образована без беглой гласной с окончанием -ей, а это окончание не должно выступать после конечной согласной основы j (йот) (именно на j кончается основа имени Илья): ведь от слова край, например, образуется форма краев (а не краей). Так почему же неправильна форма Ильев? Потому что окончание -ов (-ев) не образует родительный множественного от существительных с исходной формой (именительным единственного) на -а (-я).&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3575" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-02-28T20:57:31.540" LastActivityDate="2014-02-28T20:57:31.540" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4209" CreationDate="2014-02-28T16:51:31.893" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Или́й&lt;/em&gt;. Вы же не будете пытаться образовать форму &lt;em&gt;Марей&lt;/em&gt; от &lt;em&gt;Марья&lt;/em&gt; или &lt;em&gt;Дарей&lt;/em&gt; от &lt;em&gt;Дарья&lt;/em&gt;, но возьмете формы &lt;em&gt;Марий&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;Дарий&lt;/em&gt; от полногласных &lt;em&gt;Мария&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;Дария&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пока без источников. Так что возможно, это не более, чем мое добросовестное заблуждение, но мне до сего дня в голову не приходил иной возможный вариант.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastActivityDate="2014-02-28T16:51:31.893" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4212" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-01T14:48:22.127" Score="-1" ViewCount="1373" Body="&lt;p&gt;I m visiting Tashkent in April. Is it possible to learn Russian in a months time ??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3613" LastActivityDate="2014-03-02T10:12:00.327" Title="In how much time can i learn Russian language?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2019-05-21T14:34:55.437" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4212" CreationDate="2014-03-01T16:38:28.497" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;if you don't know any slavic languages, then it is not possible to learn it in a month. it's the second most difficult language for English speakers after Chinese.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it is possible to pick up simple conversational phrases like &quot;thank you&quot;, &quot;check, please&quot;, &quot;left-right&quot;, numbers etc. you will not be able to understand anything Russian talk about on TV or in the public transport&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;also, depending on what would be your environment and who would be your hosts in Tashkent, you may not be able to hear much Russian at all. the local language in Tashkent is Uzbek, which is as different from Russian as English. obviously most urban people speak Russian, but why would they be speaking to you or in front of you in Russian unless they're ethnic Russians? if your hosts are ethnic Russians, then it's a different story, of course, if you spend most of your time with them. otherwise in public places, I would expect most conversation be in Uzbek&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="3595" LastEditDate="2014-03-01T16:59:05.383" LastActivityDate="2014-03-01T16:59:05.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4214" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4215" CreationDate="2014-03-02T01:46:57.253" Score="-1" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been studying Russian for the last few years and I think I could now be searching for native content (probably news and/or books) in order to enhance my vocabulary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has not been very easy for me to find books which don't have an underlying socialist agenda (I always look for authors who have been censured by the USSR), but I can't find many news outlets which aren't totally biased towards the current government (for current news).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are there any suggestions for:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;books by Authors who have been censored and/or expelled form the USSR &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;politically-&lt;em&gt;neutral&lt;/em&gt; current news outlets and websites? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of books, I would like, if possible, suggestions for titles which aren't overly complex due to language difficulties (or else very old, which outdated language).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S.: As for my level of Russian, I've learned all cases/declensions but my vocabulary isn't that good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="436" LastActivityDate="2014-03-02T16:09:07.587" Title="Unbiased Source of Content in Russian" Tags="&lt;обучение&gt;&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2014-03-05T09:36:36.150" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4214" CreationDate="2014-03-02T03:15:26.287" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;politically-neutral current news outlets and websites?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;news aggregators: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;news.yandex.ru&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;news.google.ru&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;not absolutely unbiased, but good for an alternative view: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/russian/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;BBC Russian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.reuters.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Reuters Russian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dw.de/%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F/s-9119&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Deutsche Welle Russian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;relatively balanced Russian: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ng.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Независимая Газета&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE:&#xA;as to writers, I think it is unwise to limit your reading list to dissidents and expelled ones. Censuring in and of itself has little impact on the quality and richness of art. Here's a sample of what we were reading in school, still under communists :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Котлован&quot;, Платонов&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Жизнь и судьба&quot;, Гроссман&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Детство&quot;, Горький - &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Тихий Дон&quot;, Шолохов&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Буранный полустанок&quot;, &quot;Белый пароход&quot;, &quot;Плаха&quot; - Айтматов&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Пикник на обочине&quot;, Стругацкие&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Роковые яйца&quot;, Булгаков&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;12 стульев&quot;, Ильф, Петров - you probably won't get it, but it's a kind of humor Russians enjoy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;short stories, satire, Зощенко&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Визит к Минотавру&quot;, Вайнеры&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Театр теней&quot;, Булычев&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Бегущая по волнам&quot;, Грин&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Тень&quot;, Шварц&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Маяковский - ignore his social pro-labor poetry, his lyrical poetry is quite powerful&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="3595" LastEditDate="2014-03-02T16:09:07.587" LastActivityDate="2014-03-02T16:09:07.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4212" CreationDate="2014-03-02T07:21:15.693" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Category II: Languages with significant linguistic and/or cultural differences from English&#xA;44 weeks (1100 class hours) (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Language_Learning_Difficulty_for_English_Speakers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Language Learning Difficulty&lt;/a&gt;) assuming you'll spend half of this time in Russian enviroment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1902" LastEditorUserId="1902" LastEditDate="2014-03-02T10:12:00.327" LastActivityDate="2014-03-02T10:12:00.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4217" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4218" CreationDate="2014-03-02T12:59:17.670" Score="9" ViewCount="574" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you say &quot;in Moscow&quot; or any other city or place you change the ending - Москва, в Москве. Why you don't change ending for Sochi ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1409" LastActivityDate="2014-03-02T20:28:09.253" Title="&quot;In Moscow&quot; - &quot;В Москве&quot;, why &quot;In Sochi&quot; is still &quot;В Сочи&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4217" CreationDate="2014-03-02T15:46:05.753" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’ve heard people saying “в Сочах” and “в Гаграх”, where “Гагры” is also a town name in that region. Both have a grammatical form of plural words, but in fact they’re foreign words local languages, therefore, it is not correct to pluralize them in usual way. With foreign geographical names ending on “и” there is not change when used as a location. For instance “в Капри” (Italian town), “на Бали” (Indonesia). On the other hand “на Гаваях” is common for “Гавайи” (Hawaii). Confusing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-03-02T20:28:09.253" LastActivityDate="2014-03-02T20:28:09.253" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4219" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4220" CreationDate="2014-03-03T10:55:57.460" Score="3" ViewCount="650" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure of the context of what the speaker is saying - is she talking about race or general differences in societ? And what is the comment that the narrator follows up with?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(context: &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/55bC5zowkFE?t=1h39m6s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://youtu.be/55bC5zowkFE?t=1h39m6s&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот если б я рисовала наше общество, я бы нарисовала круг и много-много разных цветов, много разных пятен. Может быть, у нас было все значительно лучше, если бы одного цвета какого-то, основного, было большинство. &#xA;Но, к сожалению, опасность и цвет один.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My interpretation:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Now, if I painted our society I would draw a circle and lots and lots of different colours, lots of different spots. Maybe we'd all be much better if the same colour, the main colour was the majority.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, unfortunately, the danger and the colour are one. (??)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2480" LastActivityDate="2014-03-03T13:40:56.780" Title="Is she talking about race?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4219" CreationDate="2014-03-03T11:44:56.263" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it's not about race. She is saying that there are lots of colors now, while it would be better to have a one major color among others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of race the situation in Russia is opposite - the majority of Russian people are white, so she is definetely not talking about race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your russian text is equal to what is said in the film, but I cannot understand why narrator says: &quot;Но, к сожалению, опасность и цвет один&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jwalker notes that the last phrase may be read as &quot;Но, к сожалению, &lt;strong&gt;опасности&lt;/strong&gt; цвет один&quot;. At this moment the car with big red sticker on its side is crossing the screen. Maybe the narrator means that one major color is not such a good idea after all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-03-03T13:40:56.780" LastActivityDate="2014-03-03T13:40:56.780" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4221" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4223" CreationDate="2014-03-03T16:01:37.890" Score="3" ViewCount="318" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need again the help of SO!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Can you tell me please the proper translations of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;CLIENT AREA&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in web context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google translate give me:  &lt;strong&gt;клиентская область&lt;/strong&gt;.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is this correct?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;область&lt;/strong&gt; is not used for geographical area?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translating AREA alone, google translate give several possibilities:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;площадь, область, район, зона, сфера, участок&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Maybe зона is more appropriate?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1961" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-05-10T09:08:00.503" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T21:10:29.550" Title="How to translate &quot;Client area&quot; in russian (web context)?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4221" CreationDate="2014-03-03T16:08:50.953" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the web context, especially if it's something that requires the client to sign in to access the area, I've seen the expressions Личный кабинет and Кабинет пользователя (the second expression appears to be more rare). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3617" LastEditorUserId="3617" LastEditDate="2014-03-03T17:08:01.840" LastActivityDate="2014-03-03T17:08:01.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4221" CreationDate="2014-03-03T16:21:45.167" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Личный кабинет&lt;/strong&gt;. This is used in the context of internet service providers, internet storage providers, hosting services, cellular providers, web money and other billing services. Here the user can choose the subscription services and request the details of recent transactions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Моя анкета&lt;/strong&gt;. This is used in the context of various dating services and social networks to set up what data you want other people to see on your personal page, such as your interests, age, sex, sexual preferences, place of living and dating aims.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мой профиль&lt;/strong&gt;. This is used on various sites, forums, social networks to set up your preferences. This includes the theme in which the site is displayed for you, your e-mail, your default e-mail notification choices, your age and occupation, timezone etc. This data may or may not be available to other users.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Платная зона&lt;/strong&gt;. This may be used in the context of porn sites, to denote content accessible only to paid accounts. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-03-03T18:22:38.000" LastActivityDate="2014-03-03T18:22:38.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4224" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4227" CreationDate="2014-03-03T17:43:20.423" Score="3" ViewCount="641" Body="&lt;p&gt;У ребенка в домашней работе предложение: &lt;em&gt;«…Мы отвести не в силах глаз.»&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По смыслу подразумевается множественное число, и тогда слово &lt;em&gt;«глаз»&lt;/em&gt; стоит в родительном падеже множественного числа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С другой стороны, &lt;em&gt;«отвести»&lt;/em&gt; — переходный глагол, и следовательно управляет винительным падежом. Следовательно, слово «глаз» стоит в винительном падеже единственного числа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот такой парадокс…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В каком падеже и числе употреблено слова &lt;em&gt;«глаз»&lt;/em&gt; в этом предложении?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="33" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2014-03-03T18:40:09.870" LastActivityDate="2014-03-03T18:40:09.870" Title="Падеж дополнения при переходных глаголах с отрицанием" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2014-03-11T11:39:10.573" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4225" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4224" CreationDate="2014-03-03T17:51:33.900" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это &lt;a href=&quot;http://phraseology.academic.ru/7979/%D0%9D%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;фразеологизм&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не отвести глаз&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  от кого, от чего. Разг. Экспрес. О ком-либо или о чём-либо особенно привлекательном, ладном (таком, что залюбуешься). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь именно множественное число, родительный падеж. В единственном числе это выражение становится нелепым. Сравните с выражением: &quot;Работать не покладая рук&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-03-03T17:51:33.900" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4224" CreationDate="2014-03-03T18:15:12.193" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Хм. При отрицании действия, выраженного переходным глаголом, родительный падеж употребляется едва ли не чаще винительного. &lt;em&gt;Подать руку&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;не подать руки&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;взять деньги&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;не взять денег&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;услышать шум&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;не услышать шума&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;найти причину&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;не найти причины&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;поймать рыбу&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;не поймать рыбы&lt;/em&gt; и т. д. Сомневаюсь, что для вас это новость, в чем же вопрос?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-03-03T18:21:46.287" LastActivityDate="2014-03-03T18:21:46.287" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4227" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4224" CreationDate="2014-03-03T18:25:23.457" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подобный вопрос уже задавался: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/2807/2060&quot;&gt;Direct object of negated verbs takes which case?&lt;/a&gt;, и я сначала хотел оставить комментарий, но решил, что стоит продублировать ответ на русском.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При переходных глаголах с отрицанием в одних случаях явно преобладает употребление родительного падежа дополнения, в других – употребление винительного падежа, в третьих – наблюдается факультативное их использование.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/2807/2060&quot;&gt;Падеж дополнения при переходных глаголах с отрицанием&lt;/a&gt; (Розенталь Д.Э. и др. Справочник.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я бы сказал, что широко используется родительный падеж только в случаях 1.2, 1.3, 1.5 и 1.6, и даже в этих случаях в разговорной речи часто применяется винительный падеж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ваш пример - фразеологизм, пункт 1.6, т. о. падеж здесь - родительный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-03-03T18:25:23.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4228" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4230" CreationDate="2014-03-04T16:59:56.460" Score="2" ViewCount="674" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can i ask you what is the proper translation of &lt;strong&gt;ADMIN AREA&lt;/strong&gt; in a web context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google translate give me this translation: &lt;strong&gt;площадь Админ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you know, is much better to ask to Stack Overflow in order to be sure!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1961" LastEditorUserId="1961" LastEditDate="2014-03-10T15:58:11.157" LastActivityDate="2014-05-06T06:42:11.167" Title="How to translate &quot;Admin area&quot; into Russian (web context)" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4228" CreationDate="2014-03-04T17:08:08.750" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no such thing &quot;площадь админ&quot; in Russian. Also, the word admin in Russian is considered a little bit slangy being a short of administrator. If you want to create some button for admin's login it is probably better just  to write &quot;АДМИН&quot;, but if you want some words without any slangy hue - use one of these:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Раздел администратора&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Отдел администратора&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Область полномочий администратора&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is very useful to inform us about usage context of the the phrase, cause sometimes we have special definitions for different things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3575" LastEditorDisplayName="user3575" LastEditDate="2014-03-04T17:19:26.593" LastActivityDate="2014-03-04T17:19:26.593" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4228" CreationDate="2014-03-04T18:29:50.140" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually use the word “админка”, but it slang. Also used: “панель администрирования” and “панель администратора”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would use: “админ-панель” (maybe someone will say that it is also slang).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3498" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-04-09T17:19:19.673" LastActivityDate="2014-04-09T17:19:19.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4221" CreationDate="2014-03-05T07:24:28.763" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on what is meant by &lt;em&gt;client area&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is a part of your site dedicated to clients as opposed to that dedicated to other audiences (such as contractors, or investors, or staff), a dative such as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Клиентам&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;or &lt;em&gt;Покупателям&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;may be used. For example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rzd.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rzd.ru&lt;/a&gt; uses that convention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't know though if that is considered good style in web design.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2284" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-10T11:02:07.403" LastActivityDate="2014-05-10T11:02:07.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4232" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4235" CreationDate="2014-03-05T10:08:05.350" Score="10" ViewCount="313" Body="&lt;p&gt;A friend of mine is working on a software that places stress in Russian words. In the process, he got himself wondering about words that differ only with respect to stress, like “за́мок” and “замо́к”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far, we have only found pairs of words with same written form and different accentuation, like the “замок” example. Can you think of a Russian word that is written in the same way but can be accented in &lt;strong&gt;three&lt;/strong&gt; different ways and have &lt;strong&gt;three&lt;/strong&gt; different meanings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:17:05.777" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T12:17:05.777" Title="Homographs that differ only with respect to a stress" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;&lt;омографы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4232" CreationDate="2014-03-05T14:28:46.080" Score="13" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;во&amp;#x301;роны&lt;/em&gt; - &quot;ravens&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;воро&amp;#x301;ны&lt;/em&gt; - &quot;crows&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;вороны&amp;#x301;&lt;/em&gt; - &quot;black&quot; (&lt;em&gt;эти кони саврасы, а те - вороны&amp;#x301;&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2014-03-05T14:28:46.080" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4234" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4636" CreationDate="2014-03-06T04:10:40.217" Score="1" ViewCount="3034" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to ask if there exists any &lt;strong&gt;online&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;downloadable&lt;/strong&gt; descent dictionary of rhymes. I would prefer it to be structured and readable, so that I could eventually parse it. It is very important that it should not be a ready-to-use app like &lt;a href=&quot;http://rifmovnik.ru/docs.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rifmovnik.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is no available free resource, then I would definitely ask you if it is legal to build my own dictionary based on extracts from internet libraries. I think this could be problematic because of the copyright.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastActivityDate="2014-05-31T06:56:08.240" Title="Russian rhymes dictionary/materials" Tags="&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4232" CreationDate="2014-03-07T00:39:44.993" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;В Гугле по вполне очевидному запросу «тройные омографы» находится по меньшей мере &lt;a href=&quot;http://miklukho-maklay.livejournal.com/100196.html&quot;&gt;один весьма продуктивный трэд&lt;/a&gt; в ЖЖ. Я позволю себе перечислить приведенные там варианты:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пе́репела (р. п. от &lt;em&gt;перепел&lt;/em&gt;) — перепе́ла (пр. вр. III л. ж. р. от &lt;em&gt;перепеть&lt;/em&gt;) — перепела́ (мн. ч. от &lt;em&gt;перепел&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ве́ртела (р. п. от &lt;em&gt;вертел&lt;/em&gt;) — верте́ла (пр. вр. III л. ж. р. от &lt;em&gt;вертеть&lt;/em&gt;) — вертела́¹ (мн. ч. от &lt;em&gt;вертел&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;óкруга (р. п. от &lt;em&gt;округ&lt;/em&gt;) — окрýга — округá (мн. ч. от &lt;em&gt;округ&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;во́рота (р. п. от &lt;em&gt;во́рот&lt;/em&gt;) — воро́та — ворота́²&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;го́лубя (р. п. от &lt;em&gt;голубь&lt;/em&gt;) — голу́бя (деепр. от &lt;em&gt;голу́бить&lt;/em&gt;) — голубя́ (деепр. от &lt;em&gt;голуби́ть&lt;/em&gt;³)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;¹) Да, это нормативная форма множественного числа. Нет, не &lt;em&gt;ве́ртелы&lt;/em&gt;. См. ГСРЯ.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;²) &lt;em&gt;Пришла беда — отворяй ворота́.&lt;/em&gt; Отличное тут от слова &lt;em&gt;воро́та&lt;/em&gt; значение или нет — решайте сами.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;³) &lt;em&gt;Голуби́ть&lt;/em&gt; — красить голубым.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-03-07T01:02:10.887" LastActivityDate="2014-03-07T01:02:10.887" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4228" CreationDate="2014-03-07T07:24:34.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;вход администратора = Admin Login&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not exactly the area, but leads to the area.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3633" LastActivityDate="2014-03-07T07:24:34.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4228" CreationDate="2014-03-07T14:30:54.800" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Раздел администратора&lt;/strong&gt; would be most universal, but in web context you may use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Администрирование&lt;/strong&gt; - a page or link to page with administrator UI. This is simple way to say it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кабинет администратора&lt;/strong&gt; - a subdomain or webpage with administrator UI. This is often used instead of &lt;em&gt;Панель администрирования&lt;/em&gt; on governmental and b2b russian sites.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3634" LastActivityDate="2014-03-07T14:30:54.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4238" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4240" CreationDate="2014-03-08T06:21:49.223" Score="3" ViewCount="398" Body="&lt;p&gt;At 1:36:48 the narrator says something like &quot;Well, and how about the pans?&quot;. The (now adult) Tania answers that she has 'established contact with them already'. In the context of her having had a baby, is she talking about returning to housework or to employment? To my untrained ears, her answer doesn't seem to match the question. What is being implied by 'сковородки'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Video: &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/55bC5zowkFE?t=1h36m29s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://youtu.be/55bC5zowkFE?t=1h36m29s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Text:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;- Дети пошел в детский сад, там можно играть, можно заниматься и мамы могут игрушки покупать, а вот взрослым уже игрушки не нужны. Им нужны только кастрюли да сковородки.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;- Ну, и как сковородки?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;- Ну, вы знаете, я наладила с ними контакт уже. Не сразу, но наладила.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2480" LastActivityDate="2014-03-08T13:10:24.600" Title="What is meant by 'сковородки' in this context?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4238" CreationDate="2014-03-08T13:03:31.307" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это вариация на тему &quot;подружиться с ...&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;подружиться с книжкой&lt;/strong&gt; - полюбить чтение&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;подружиться с ложкой&lt;/strong&gt; - когда маленький ребенок научился пользоваться ложкой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;подружиться с горшком&lt;/strong&gt; - когда маленький ребенок сам ходит в туалет&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;подружиться с математикой&lt;/strong&gt; - перестать бояться математики и начать решать примеры и задачки.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь вместо &lt;strong&gt;подружиться&lt;/strong&gt; сказано &lt;strong&gt;наладить контакт&lt;/strong&gt;, то есть &lt;em&gt;освоиться&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;научиться в достаточной степени&lt;/em&gt;. &quot;Сковородки и кастрюли&quot; это &quot;готовка&quot; (в более узком смысле) или &quot;работа по хозяйству&quot; (в более широком). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обычно именно приготовление еды является &quot;камнем преткновения&quot;, так как другие хозяйственные дела могут выполнять все члены семьи (для мыться посуды, стирки в стиральной машине или уборки по дому не требуется особых умений), а вот готовка традиционно считается женским занятием. Так что скорее всего именно под &quot;сковородками&quot; имеется в виду именно готовка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-03-08T13:10:24.600" LastActivityDate="2014-03-08T13:10:24.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4243" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4244" CreationDate="2014-03-11T11:21:38.763" Score="8" ViewCount="423" Body="&lt;p&gt;When would a person use the word родня? I know its literal meaning is relative but what does it loosely translate to in English in its contextual meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2318" LastActivityDate="2014-03-12T10:46:01.777" Title="Use of the word родня" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4243" CreationDate="2014-03-11T11:30:24.913" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Word &lt;em&gt;родня&lt;/em&gt; does not just mean &lt;em&gt;a relative&lt;/em&gt; - it refers to an extended group of relatives, essentially all and any people even remotely related to the person in question.  A rather close English translation is &lt;em&gt;extended family&lt;/em&gt;, however Russian &lt;em&gt;родня&lt;/em&gt; has more of a connotation of familiarity.  Quite often, it's used to describe the collection of &lt;em&gt;all relatives&lt;/em&gt;, e.g. &lt;em&gt;вся родня&lt;/em&gt;. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если вся моя родня будет ей не рада,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Не пеняйте на меня - я уйду из стада.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another related word is &lt;em&gt;родичи&lt;/em&gt;, which is colloquial form of &lt;em&gt;родственники&lt;/em&gt;, meaning &lt;em&gt;relatives&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; Following a comment from Andrey 'lolmaus' Mikhaylov, it's worth adding that word &lt;em&gt;родня&lt;/em&gt; may also be used to indicate &lt;em&gt;some (unqualified) relatives&lt;/em&gt; (e.g. &quot;Провел выходные с родней&quot;) - yet it pretty much always used to refer to a plural &lt;em&gt;relatives&lt;/em&gt; rather than one individual relative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-03-11T15:11:34.220" LastActivityDate="2014-03-11T15:11:34.220" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4245" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4254" CreationDate="2014-03-11T19:47:01.273" Score="12" ViewCount="704" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there homographs in Russian that sound different &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/4232/homographs-that-differ-only-with-respect-to-a-stress&quot;&gt;besides the stress&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. like &quot;read&quot; in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I will read (ee) that book&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;VS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I have just read (e) that book&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. I hope the answer to this question won't be just &quot;NO&quot; :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1306" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2020-02-01T16:59:07.257" Title="Are there non-stress-related homographs in Russian?" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;&lt;омографы&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4245" CreationDate="2014-03-11T21:37:31.067" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some words can become omographs if we omit dots above ё letter.&#xA;This happens oftenly in modern internet communications.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples: мёл / мел; сёл / сел; осёл / осел; берёт / берет; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than that I don't know any omographs besides the stress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3647" LastEditorUserId="3647" LastEditDate="2014-03-11T21:43:22.707" LastActivityDate="2014-03-11T21:43:22.707" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4245" CreationDate="2014-03-12T07:02:55.527" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, you will hardly find homographs that differ &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; by stress. Stress position &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/191/pronunciation-rules-for-%D0%BE-in-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F%CC%81%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;may affect pronunciation&lt;/a&gt; of all vowels in a word. So I will answer a question whether there are homographs with the stress on the same syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of loaned words where letter &lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt; stands for non-iotated sound /ɛ/ and this case isn’t reflected in spelling in any way. And I can recall at least one word which can be misunderstood by this reason. &lt;em&gt;Те́ста&lt;/em&gt; may be read /'tɛstə/ (gen. of &lt;em&gt;тест&lt;/em&gt; — test) or /'tʲestə/ (gen. of &lt;em&gt;тесто&lt;/em&gt; — dough, pastry). The same applies to instr. &lt;em&gt;те́стом&lt;/em&gt;, dat. &lt;em&gt;те́сту&lt;/em&gt; and prep. / loc. &lt;em&gt;в те́сте&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-03-12T07:02:55.527" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4251" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4243" CreationDate="2014-03-12T10:46:01.777" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can also say about your relatives/family/dear friends as &quot;they are my Родные/ they are Родные to me&quot;. When not used in plural, You can say it as You'd say sweetheart/dear/dearest - &quot;родная&quot; (f) and &quot;родной&quot; (m). For example, 'my sweetheart/my dear' to a woman - &quot;родная my/my родная&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although, google would translate &quot;native&quot;, as in native land/home land - &quot;родная land&quot;. But we all know, google translator usually sucks when it comes to context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2086" LastActivityDate="2014-03-12T10:46:01.777" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4253" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4259" CreationDate="2014-03-12T15:25:10.967" Score="6" ViewCount="2571" Body="&lt;p&gt;Склоняются ли мужские иностранные фамилии, заканчивающаяся на букву &quot;а&quot;?&#xA;Например, правильно ли говорить:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;фильм Эмира Кустурицы,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;метод Рунге-Кутты,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;творчество Акиры Куросавы,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;алгоритм Дейкстры,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;песня Никиты Джигурды?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли по этому поводу какое-нибудь правило в русском языке?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1894" LastEditorUserId="1894" LastEditDate="2014-10-21T10:05:07.240" LastActivityDate="2014-10-21T10:05:07.240" Title="Склоняются ли иностранные фамилии мужчин, заканчивающиеся на букву &quot;а&quot;?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4245" CreationDate="2014-03-12T17:45:08.060" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;One example that I know is &quot;считать&quot;. When it means &quot;count&quot; or &quot;consider&quot;, it's pronounced with single &quot;щ&quot; in the beginning; but when it is perfective aspect of the verb &quot;считывать&quot; (to read off?), it's pronounced with separate sounds &quot;s&quot; and &quot;ʧ&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="303" LastActivityDate="2014-03-12T17:45:08.060" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4255" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4258" CreationDate="2014-03-12T18:57:57.157" Score="4" ViewCount="265" Body="&lt;p&gt;Going through &lt;a href=&quot;http://learnrussian.rt.com/alphabet/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Alphabet - LearnRussian&lt;/a&gt; I found the sound of &lt;strong&gt;Д&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;em&gt;ДOM&lt;/em&gt; to be of the English letter &lt;strong&gt;b&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;bom&lt;/em&gt;). Which go me confused with &lt;strong&gt;Б&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets#Common_letters&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Cyrillic alphabets&lt;/a&gt; states that it has the sound of &lt;strong&gt;d&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;dom&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;/d/&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the sound Д in ДOM an exception to this rule? Or am I getting wrong? Or is the pronunciation not so correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3654" LastActivityDate="2014-03-12T21:08:13.890" Title="Д has the sound of a &quot;d&quot; or &quot;b&quot; in ДOM?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4228" CreationDate="2014-03-12T20:54:42.470" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actual russian sites that I have seen use these:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Панель управления&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Центр управления&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Настройки&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1860" LastActivityDate="2014-03-12T20:54:42.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4258" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4255" CreationDate="2014-03-12T21:08:13.890" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right. &lt;em&gt;Дом&lt;/em&gt; has the sound of &lt;strong&gt;d&lt;/strong&gt; (dom)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3566" LastActivityDate="2014-03-12T21:08:13.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4253" CreationDate="2014-03-13T08:34:11.900" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/?rub=rubric_482&quot;&gt;нашел на ГРАМОТА.РУ&lt;/a&gt; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все фамилии, кончающиеся на а, которому предшествуют гласные (чаще&#xA;  всего у или и), несклоняемы: &lt;em&gt;Галуа, Моруа, Делакруа, Моравиа, Эриа,&#xA;  Эредиа, Гулиа&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все фамилии, кончающиеся на неударное а после согласных, склоняются по&#xA;  первому склонению: &lt;em&gt;Рибера — Риберы, Рибере, Риберу, Риберой, Сенека —&#xA;  Сенеки&lt;/em&gt; и т.д.; так же склоняются &lt;em&gt;Кафка, Спиноза, Сметана, Петрарка,&#xA;  Куросава, Глинка, Дейнека, Гулыга, Олеша, Нагнибеда, Окуджава&lt;/em&gt; и др.&#xA;  Все такие фамилии, независимо от происхождения, являются&#xA;  морфологически членимыми в русском языке, т. е. в них выделяется&#xA;  окончание -а.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Среди фамилий с ударным á после согласных есть как морфологически&#xA;  членимые, так и нечленимые, т. е. несклоняемые.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Несклоняемы фамилии французского происхождения: &lt;em&gt;Дюма, Тома, Дега,&#xA;  Люка, Ферма, Гамарра, Петипа и др.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Фамилии иного происхождения (славянские, из восточных языков)&#xA;  склоняются по первому склонению, т. е. в них вычленяется ударное&#xA;  окончание -а: &lt;em&gt;Митта — Митты, Митте, Митту, Миттой;&lt;/em&gt; сюда относятся:&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Сковорода, Кочерга, Кваша, Цадаса, Хамза и др.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3596" LastActivityDate="2014-03-13T08:34:11.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4260" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4261" CreationDate="2014-03-13T17:32:48.027" Score="6" ViewCount="373" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do these words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;oтвергать&#xA;отклонять&#xA;отказать&#xA;отрицать&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;line up with some common &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.englishgrammar.org/words-refuse-reject-decline-deny/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;English equivalents&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;refuse&#xA;decline&#xA;reject&#xA;deny (this is the most different of the 4)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My rough understanding is: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;отказать + (verb) ~ decline to do something&#xA;отказать + (noun) ~ reject someone or refuse something&#xA;отвергать + (noun) ~ reject someone or refuse something&#xA;отклонять + (noun) ~ refuse something&#xA;отрицать + (noun) ~ deny something&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I suppose there is overlap, like in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are any of these 4 Russian words nearly interchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there other words that fit neatly into this category?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples (interchangeable words in English marked with '/'):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I rejected/declined/refused his offer.&#xA;I refused/declined to speak to him.&#xA;I rejected his assumption.&#xA;I denied the allegations.&#xA;My manuscript was rejected.&#xA;She rejected me. (implying a romantic advance)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="313" LastEditorUserId="313" LastEditDate="2014-03-15T04:05:16.553" LastActivityDate="2014-03-17T08:00:22.947" Title="Отвергать, отрицать, отклонять, отказать" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4260" CreationDate="2014-03-14T12:01:36.923" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;These verbs in Russian are used with different cases, in different word collocations and in different speech styles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Отказываться-Отказаться + verb: refuse to do smth&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он отказался убираться в квартире.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Отказываться-Отказаться от + noun (Genitive case): to refuse smth, to turn smth down, to deny&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алексей отказался от сотрудничества.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Отказывать-отказать + noun (Dative case) + в (Prepositional case): refuse smth to smb&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Врач отказал ему в лечении.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Отвергать-отвергнуть + noun (Accusative case, smth or smb): reject сompletely, bookish, formal style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты отверг меня!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Президент отверг идею проведения новых реформ.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Отклонять-отклонить (Accusative case, smth): decline, formal style, normally used in the collocations: &quot;отклонить предложение&quot;, &quot;отклонить жалобу&quot;, &quot;отклонить рукопись&quot;, &quot;отклонить статью&quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К сожалению, наша фирма вынуждена отклонить предложение вашей компании по ряду причин.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Отрицать (Accusative case, smth): deny&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подсудимый отрицает свою виновность.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm going to translate your sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я отклонил его предложение: you have to use &quot;отклонил&quot; here because it's a collocation in Russian: &quot;отклонить предложение&quot;. You can also use &quot;отверг&quot;, but it sounds quite agressive.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я отказался говорить с ним: &quot;отказаться&quot; is the only verb you can use with an infinitive.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я отверг его предположение: collocation &quot;отвергнуть предположение&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я отказался от заявления: collocation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Моя рукопись была отклонена.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Он отказал мне.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2014-03-17T08:00:22.947" LastActivityDate="2014-03-17T08:00:22.947" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4262" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4263" CreationDate="2014-03-15T07:50:24.640" Score="8" ViewCount="966" Body="&lt;p&gt;А также втроем / на троих и др.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Недавно я заметил, что я часто употребляю первую форму, которая приходит в голову, не думая о том, считается ли это ошибкой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне, изучающему русский, непонятно, чем они различаются в данных случаях:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я раньше и не думал, что у нас /&#xA;  на двоих с тобой одно лишь дыхание&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Теченье [реки] несло нас уже вдвоем&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оба примера из песен Наутилус.&#xA;Мне кажется, что в обоих случаях, можно перевести как «the two [of us] together» .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1726" LastEditorUserId="1726" LastEditDate="2014-03-18T13:36:58.060" LastActivityDate="2014-03-18T13:36:58.060" Title="В чем разница между вдвоем и на двоих?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4262" CreationDate="2014-03-15T11:03:28.300" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Наречия вдвоём, втроём, вчетверо́м, впятеро́м, вшестеро́м, всемеро́м употребляются, когда мы говорим о каком-либо совместном действии:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы вдвоём справимся с трудной работой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они пришли в ресторан втроём.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«На двои́х», «на трои́х», «на четверы́х» и т. д. являются собирательными числительными, употребленными в винительном падеже. Они не обозначают совместного действия, а значат «на двух человек», «на трёх человек» и т. д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Давай закажем столик на четверых.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Нам с тобой на двоих было неба мало».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сообразим на троих!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-03-16T14:29:21.677" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4264" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4265" CreationDate="2014-03-15T16:30:02.560" Score="2" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, I have read in  a grammar book that the participles and transgressives in russian are used mainly in the written language and normally not used in conversation. Is this true? Are they used in conversation and if they are, is it a common practice?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3508" LastActivityDate="2014-03-15T18:12:58.677" Title="Participles and transgressives in spoken language" Tags="&lt;participle&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4264" CreationDate="2014-03-15T18:12:58.677" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, this is not true. It’s not easy to say something like &lt;em&gt;разбитое стекло&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;обтягивающее белье&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;дрожащие руки&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;лоснящаяся кожа&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;текущий кран&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;придти не предупредив&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;отвечать не думая&lt;/em&gt; and so on without using participles (причастия) and transgressives (деепричастия).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Participle and transgressive clauses (причастные и деепричастные обороты) are less common in conversations than in the written language, yes. But the matter is not in parts of speech – any subordinate clauses are rare in colloquial language, because it’s easier to lose train of thought listening sentences with complicated syntax rather than reading it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastActivityDate="2014-03-15T18:12:58.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4266" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-16T02:10:38.670" Score="8" ViewCount="488" Body="&lt;p&gt;A task asked me to conjugate the verb писать in present tense and I thought it whould have these endings:&#xA;я пишу,&#xA;ты пишёшь,&#xA;он/она пишёт,&#xA;мы пишём,&#xA;вы пишёте,&#xA;они пишут&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I checked the wiktionary and it tells me it is conjugated this way:&#xA;я пишу,&#xA;ты пишeшь,&#xA;он, она пишeт,&#xA;мы пишeм,&#xA;вы пишeте,&#xA;они пишут&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why doesn't the e change to ё??? When ю changes to у? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2443" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-08T08:28:48.687" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T08:28:48.687" Title="Why &quot;пишешь&quot;, &quot;пишем&quot;, &quot;пишете&quot;, not &quot;пишёшь&quot;, &quot;пишём&quot;, &quot;пишёте&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;буква-ё&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4266" CreationDate="2014-03-16T03:34:40.757" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ё changes into non-stressed &quot;е&quot; after ш and ж. You get same result with лизать: Я лижу, ты лижешь, мы лижем. When the word is one-syllable, so it's obviously stressed, it remains Ё. Although I can think of only one example: ты лжёшь, вы лжёте&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1604" LastActivityDate="2014-03-16T03:34:40.757" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4260" CreationDate="2014-03-16T06:29:08.040" Score="0" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;4. Я не признал обвинений&#xA;6. Он*а* отказала мне :)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1604" LastActivityDate="2014-03-16T06:29:08.040" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4167" CreationDate="2014-03-18T14:30:53.673" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd better workaround these constructions, as even as a native, I don't know how to write it correct, and either way I can imagine doesn't sound good. What seems to be grammatically correct is &lt;code&gt;из всего тридцати одного прибывшего сообщения&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;только первое двадцать одно было...&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Все двадцать один присутствоваший судья были...&lt;/code&gt;. But stylistically it still sounds bad.&#xA;To tell what endings need to be used you need to disassemble the sentence. For example, let's do it with &lt;code&gt;из все(х/го) тридцать одн? прибывш(ий/их) сообщени(й/я)&lt;/code&gt;. First you take &lt;code&gt;из тридцать одн? -&amp;gt; из тридцати + из одного = из тридцати одного&lt;/code&gt; next you add &lt;code&gt;все(х/го)&lt;/code&gt;. We have &amp;quot;one&amp;quot;, so it will be &lt;code&gt;всего&lt;/code&gt;, like in &lt;code&gt;всего один&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;This far we have &lt;code&gt;из всего тридцати одного прибывш(ий/их) сообщени(й/я)&lt;/code&gt; and again, we have this &amp;quot;one&amp;quot; thing (yeah, it is confusing), so we write &lt;code&gt;прибывшего&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;сообщения&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More stylistically nice would be something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вчера в ответ на свою статью получил аж тридцать одно сообщение. Думал, что все они будут о моей статье, но оказалось не так – из всех прибывших сообщений только двадцать одно было по существу, остальные же можно было бы и не читать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Судейская коллегия состояла из двадцати одного судьи. Случай был уникальный. Впервые за всю историю нашего существования среди судей царило полное согласие. Все присутствовашие судьи были абсолютно согласны друг с другом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-03-18T14:30:53.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2647" CreationDate="2014-03-18T16:03:16.673" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;согласно вашего запроса&lt;/code&gt; is sometimes used as a bureaucratism (not sure about proper word, we call it канцеляризм). It is NOT correct in common speech, but you can see it in some official responses, or in interviews with officials, and it's kind of OK. But really, don't use it. &lt;code&gt;согласно&lt;/code&gt; always go with Dative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-12T02:13:36.540" LastActivityDate="2014-06-12T02:13:36.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4266" CreationDate="2014-03-18T16:44:52.073" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Endings of the so-called first conjugation have ё if they are under stress, otherwise they have е. One must learn where the endings are stressed and where they are not, although endings, not including the -у/-ю for first person singular, are either all stressed or all not stressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You cannot have ю after &quot;shibilants&quot; (ж, ч, ш, and щ) so you have to write у there. Not after shibilants ю is written if there is a palatalised (soft) consonant before it or if there is a vowel (in this case there actually &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; a jot, which is a soft consonant, but it is not written because *йу changes to ю).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2014-03-18T16:44:52.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4273" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-18T19:42:07.753" Score="3" ViewCount="273" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a big fan of websites like longform.org in English, which post longer-length articles (mostly non-fiction) from newspapers, magazines, etc. Can anyone recommend a similar resource in Russian? Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3669" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2014-03-19T14:07:29.090" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T13:42:20.220" Title="Any long form literature websites in Russian?" Tags="&lt;resources&gt;&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2014-05-04T01:02:32.817" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4274" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-19T07:39:12.487" Score="7" ViewCount="1656" Body="&lt;p&gt;Трахать is obviously not a good translation of &quot;to hump&quot; when describing what dogs do.  It's not a polite word and can't be used in print, wherеаs &quot;to hump&quot; is perfectly harmless and can be used by parents in front of kids, etc.  Is there a &quot;nice&quot; word for this in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: All the translations suggested so far miss the fact that dogs hump outside of regular intercourse or mating.  So while it's possible to use a euphemism like &quot;Он пристает к игрушкам,&quot; that doesn't come across as clearly as &quot;He humps his toys&quot; and many listeners might miss the meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And what about &quot;Doctor, he keeps humping my boyfriend's leg, it's so embarrassing&quot;?  Humping is literally the act of thrusting the pelvis toward something, and it's puzzling that there isn't an equivalent &lt;em&gt;transitive&lt;/em&gt; verb in Russian.  Especially since Russian dogs hump a lot more as neutering is not very popular there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2390" LastEditorUserId="2390" LastEditDate="2014-03-19T20:48:25.717" LastActivityDate="2014-09-28T14:00:46.050" Title="&quot;To hump&quot; in Russian (when referring to a dog)" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4274" CreationDate="2014-03-19T08:26:34.443" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate the verb &quot;to hump&quot; as &quot;спариваться-спариться&quot;: It is a decent, harmless verb used with all animals when they do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-03-19T08:26:34.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4273" CreationDate="2014-03-19T08:39:33.763" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, I have found some sites with articles for you:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://elgreloo.net/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://elgreloo.net/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youknowthat.ru/temi/anomali&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.youknowthat.ru/temi/anomali&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-03-19T08:39:33.763" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4278" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4274" CreationDate="2014-03-19T09:46:07.273" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't think of a Russian counterpart, and when it has to be polite, I'd use some euphemism like &lt;em&gt;пристраиваться&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;приставать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Случаться&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;спариваться&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;делать садку&lt;/em&gt; are, as Artemix noted, professional terms, and although they can be used harmlessly, they are really &lt;em&gt;to mate&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;to hump&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2014-03-19T09:46:07.273" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4274" CreationDate="2014-03-20T02:01:21.263" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would suggest &quot;кроет&quot; or &quot;покрывает&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-03-20T02:01:21.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4274" CreationDate="2014-03-20T08:24:19.263" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While researching the subject, I've found phrases крыть/покрывать/накрывать (colloquial), делать садку, and &quot;подминать&quot; (игрушки).  These are probably the closest true translations, even though they don't match &quot;to hump&quot; in popularity or usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following euphemisms and phrases would also work to explain what's happening:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;направляет половое поведение (на...)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;возбуждается и плохо себя ведет&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;выбирает объекты влечения&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So much fuss over a funny four-letter word...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Edit&lt;/em&gt;: just noticed @Aksakal also suggested крыть/покрывать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2390" LastActivityDate="2014-03-20T08:24:19.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4273" CreationDate="2014-03-20T10:25:27.053" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I understood you correctly, then try livelib.ru , honestly this is the best site about books, mostly russian books, almost all of them provided with a quite long review and  a opinion. So good luck ))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3589" LastActivityDate="2014-03-20T10:25:27.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4273" CreationDate="2014-03-20T20:38:17.760" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Colta.ru is a site with mainly intelligent essays on contemporary Russian society. That should fit your bill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2441" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-03-23T19:54:59.863" LastActivityDate="2014-03-23T19:54:59.863" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4274" CreationDate="2014-03-20T23:09:05.307" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы использовал слово &quot;оседлать&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пёс опять сегодня оседлал плюшевого мишку&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2273" LastActivityDate="2014-03-20T23:09:05.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4273" CreationDate="2014-03-21T08:01:43.783" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;samlib.ru contains some amount of articles, but it is mostly a fiction site and is very poorly categorized. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most long articles I read come from blogs in livejournal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many web-communities maintain specialized resourses, like habrahabr.ru for IT wannabes, rolemancer.ru  for tabletop rpg gamers, linux.org.ru for it-trolls and lurkmore.ru for bitards. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastActivityDate="2014-03-21T08:01:43.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4273" CreationDate="2014-03-21T17:15:33.857" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can take a look at &lt;a href=&quot;http://primerussia.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://primerussia.ru/&lt;/a&gt; page. They publish interesting articles on literature, philosophy, art, society and the authors usually are experts in the fields they are writing about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3677" LastActivityDate="2014-03-21T17:15:33.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4194" CreationDate="2014-03-21T19:12:34.207" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;One more here&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Да, я не люблю медведей.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нет, я не люблю медведей.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он не понял ничего.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он всё не понял.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(However, the second one sounds awkward).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="904" LastEditorUserId="904" LastEditDate="2014-03-26T08:03:38.953" LastActivityDate="2014-03-26T08:03:38.953" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4194" CreationDate="2014-03-25T16:02:27.417" Score="5" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1. Он ответил на половину вопросов.&#xA;   Он не ответил на половину вопросов.&#xA;&#xA;2. Нам нужно будет провести повторный эксперимент с вероятностью ровно 50%.&#xA;   Нам не нужно будет проводить повторный эксперимент с вероятностью ровно 50%.&#xA;&#xA;3. Половина опрошенных поддержала президента, а половина не поддержала.&#xA;   Половина опрошенных не поддержала президента, а половина поддержала.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="222" LastActivityDate="2014-03-25T16:02:27.417" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4194" CreationDate="2014-03-26T11:26:11.277" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;mdash; Ты не будешь больше пить чай?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&amp;mdash; &lt;strong&gt;Да&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;mdash; Ты не будешь больше пить чай?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&amp;mdash; &lt;strong&gt;Нет&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both answers mean that the person wouldn't drink tea anymore. Both answers are correct, however the first one sounds more natural when question has emphasis on &lt;em&gt;чай&lt;/em&gt; (i.e. person decided not to drink tea at all), and the second one does when emphasis is on &lt;em&gt;не будешь&lt;/em&gt; (i.e. person doesn't want tea right now).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3544" LastEditorUserId="3544" LastEditDate="2014-03-26T11:32:43.967" LastActivityDate="2014-03-26T11:32:43.967" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4089" CreationDate="2014-03-26T11:48:56.493" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's one of oxymoron phraselogism. Meaning is &quot;No free time to do something&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1769" LastActivityDate="2014-03-26T11:48:56.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4290" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-26T15:42:12.940" Score="4" ViewCount="442" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вдруг бывает только пук&quot; (suddenly happens only fart) is a colloquial humorous phrase, which is a retort to a person asking &quot;а вдруг?&quot; (what if?). I can't find etymology of this phrase. Where did it come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="190" LastActivityDate="2014-04-04T08:21:40.103" Title="Where did &quot;вдруг бывает только пук&quot; come from?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4291" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-03-26T15:51:31.903" Score="6" ViewCount="496" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian has diminutive form (уменьшительно-ласкательная форма) and augmentative form (увеличительно-усиливающая форма). For example: человечек and человечище. But how the middle, normal form is called (человек)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="190" LastActivityDate="2014-05-21T15:09:25.573" Title="What is between diminutive and augmentative in Russian?" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;суффиксы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3080" CreationDate="2014-03-27T09:06:08.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no fixed equivalent, as far as I know.&#xA;Some people use &quot;через&quot; or &quot;via&quot;, followed by the name of the user. It is the way Facebook does it if you repost someone's message, and many users carry this over to Twitter. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не могу и не хочу в это верить. Но это так. Россия заняла второе место&#xA;  по числу беженцев из страны&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.the-village.ru/village/city/city/141101-posle-sirii&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.the-village.ru/village/city/city/141101-posle-sirii&lt;/a&gt; … via&#xA;  @villagemsk&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В руки ФСБ попали тысячи чистых бланков украинских паспортов: ими&#xA;  снабдят «дружинников» #odessa &lt;a href=&quot;http://dumskaya.net/news/_307-034067/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://dumskaya.net/news/_307-034067/&lt;/a&gt; …&#xA;  через @dumskaya_net&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, people just use the RT and the name of the user for retweet:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Есть и позитивные новости.. RT @RussiaKapnic: Корабль ВМС США сел на&#xA;  мель в Черном море &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fontanka.ru/2014/02/19/007/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.fontanka.ru/2014/02/19/007/&lt;/a&gt;  А они&#xA;  думали в Рай попали!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time, I don't see many people use &quot;HT&quot; in Russian tweets. I also don't find people who use (c) in this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2014-03-27T09:06:08.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4293" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4295" CreationDate="2014-03-28T00:53:46.960" Score="9" ViewCount="622" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a new student of the russian language. I came across 'падать/упасть' &lt;strong&gt;to fall&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;Could someone explain this to me because they look like entirely different words to my untrained eyes. Even just a link to an article that explain the grammar behind this would be highly appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо большое. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3691" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2014-03-28T08:43:26.537" LastActivityDate="2014-03-31T16:19:21.390" Title="Difference between 'падать' and 'упасть'" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4293" CreationDate="2014-03-28T01:03:04.973" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;падать = to be falling&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;упасть = to fall&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-03-28T01:03:04.973" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4293" CreationDate="2014-03-28T01:37:10.100" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a typical &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/verbs_aspect.php&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;imperfective/perfective pair of verbs&lt;/a&gt;, they are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianforeveryone.com/Rufe/Lessons/Course1/Grammar/GramUnit13/GramUnit13_1.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;different in their aspect&lt;/a&gt; only. And they, actually, have the same root, &lt;code&gt;-пад-&lt;/code&gt;, only in &lt;code&gt;падать&lt;/code&gt; it is followed by a thematic vowel -a-, and &lt;code&gt;упасть&lt;/code&gt; does not have the vowel, the root is immediately followed by the infinitive suffix -ть, so the two similar consonants get dissimilated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*у-пад-ть -&amp;gt; упасть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, in its Future forms the final д of the root reappears:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я упаду&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ты упадёшь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;он упадёт, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in the Past forms this д disappears again, before the Past Tense suffix -л:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*у-пад-л -&amp;gt; упал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the meaning of the two verbs, &lt;code&gt;падать&lt;/code&gt; is the name of the process of falling, &amp;quot;to fall/to be falling&amp;quot;, and also it means &amp;quot;to fall repeatedly, all the time&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Падают листья. - The leaves fall/are falling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я всё время падаю, когда катаюсь на коньках. - I'm always falling while skating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Упасть&lt;/code&gt; also means &amp;quot;to fall&amp;quot;, the difference is it implies falling as having either the beginning or the end of it. Since things usually fall fast, this very verb is rarely used in the meaning &amp;quot;to begin falling&amp;quot;, it mostly means &amp;quot;to fall down (and reach the bottom or the lowest level)&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он упал и сломал ногу. - He fell down and broke his leg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Цена на нефть упала. - The price of oil has dropped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &lt;code&gt;упасть&lt;/code&gt;, like all the perfective Russian verbs, cannot be used in the Present Tense, its forms that look like Present actually mean the Future. &lt;code&gt;Падать&lt;/code&gt; can be used in all the three Russian tenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-03-29T10:02:16.313" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4296" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4298" CreationDate="2014-03-29T10:10:30.863" Score="2" ViewCount="2723" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильно ли называть выступление арфиста, скрипача или пианиста &quot;арфовым&quot;, &quot;скрипковым&quot; и &quot;пианинным&quot; концертом? Правильно ли вообще говорить &quot;арфовый концерт&quot; или &quot;пианинный концерт&quot; применительно к чему бы то ни было?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2014-03-29T21:30:06.000" Title="названия концертов по музыкальным инструментам" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4296" CreationDate="2014-03-29T10:32:21.763" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Обычно говорят не пианинный, а &quot;фортепианный&quot;, и это довольно приемлено.&#xA;&quot;Скрипковый&quot; не является общепринятым прилагательным, более подходящий вариант &quot;скрипичный&quot;. Например, &quot;скрипичный ключ&quot; нотного стана.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Классически концерты называются относительно существительных с предлогом &quot;для&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Концерт для скрипки/арфы/фортепиано с оркестром&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пианино в данном контексте не используется, так как является частным случаем фортепиано/клавира.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3575" LastEditorDisplayName="user3575" LastEditDate="2014-03-29T11:32:43.893" LastActivityDate="2014-03-29T11:32:43.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4296" CreationDate="2014-03-29T11:27:09.167" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Скрипичный концерт&quot;, &quot;фортепианный концерт&quot; и т.д., это концерт не в смысле &quot;выступление&quot;, а в смысле &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%28%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%29&quot;&gt;&quot;произведение&quot;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Конце́рт — музыкальное произведение, чаще всего для одного или нескольких солирующих инструментов с оркестром. Существуют также концерты для одного инструмента — без оркестра, концерты для оркестра — без строго определённых сольных партий, концерты для голоса (или голосов) с оркестром и концерты для хора а cappella.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Другой вариант названия произведения - &quot;концерт для (инструмента) с оркестром&quot;, например &quot;концерт для фортепиано с оркестром&quot;, &quot;концерт для арфы с оркестром&quot;. Кстати гугл находит &quot;Гендель. Арфовый концерт&quot; и &quot;Арфовый концерт Бориса Тищенко&quot;, так что словосочетание &quot;арфовый концерт&quot; вполне употребляется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Концерт в смысле &quot;выступление пианиста/арфиста/скрипача&quot; обычно употребляется в другой форме: &quot;концерт фортепианной музыки&quot;, &quot;концерт скрипичной музыки&quot;, &quot;концерт арфовой музыки&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пианино, на самом деле, одна из разновидностей фортепиано (в переводе с итальянского пианино - &quot;маленькое фортепиано&quot;). На концертах обычно используют другую разновидность фортепиано - рояль. Конструктивно пианино отличается от рояля расположением струн (у рояля струны расположены горизонтально, у пианино - вертикально). На концертах обычно используют рояль (википедия называет его &quot;основным видом фортепиано&quot;) так как благодаря его конструкции он  имеет множество музыкальных преимуществ перед пианино (кроме компактности). Но ни &quot;рояльной&quot;, ни &quot;пианинной&quot; музыки не существует - есть только &quot;фортепианная&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-03-29T12:22:26.273" LastActivityDate="2014-03-29T12:22:26.273" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4296" CreationDate="2014-03-29T21:30:06.000" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;никогда не слышал чтобы выступление пианиста называли фортепианным концертом. термин такой есть но он относится к произведению, а не выступлению. говорят &quot;состоялся сольный концерт пианиста И. Иванова&quot;, если пианист известный то могут и без пианино: &quot;состоялся сольный концерт Кисина&quot;, и так понятно что пианист&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-03-29T21:30:06.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="208" CreationDate="2014-04-02T17:04:28.797" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ukrainian and Russian are NOT very similar. And an average Russian person doesn't understand Ukrainian. I write this this as a Ukrainian, who visited Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3707" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-04-03T08:11:03.223" LastActivityDate="2014-04-03T08:11:03.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4304" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-02T23:59:04.147" Score="6" ViewCount="313" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know if this was asked before but I never saw it in search, so I'll just ask it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone list all the situations where &quot;е&quot; would be changed to &quot;ё&quot; ?&#xA;Like maybe after 2 vowels or if the word is in a certain condition or what?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3709" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-08T08:25:25.670" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T08:25:25.670" Title="What are all the times where &quot;е&quot; changes to &quot;ё&quot;?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;фонология&gt;&lt;буква-ё&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4304" CreationDate="2014-04-03T03:17:44.013" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it is quite opposite: “ё” changes to “е”. As we all know “ё” can only form a stressed syllable. When a word form changes that the syllable is no longer stressed (such as ёж - ежо́вый) the “ё” becomes the “е”. However, the opposite does not apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2273" LastEditorUserId="2273" LastEditDate="2014-04-03T20:51:50.540" LastActivityDate="2014-04-03T20:51:50.540" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4304" CreationDate="2014-04-03T05:56:14.467" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; can be changed to &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt;, because the former is optional in the modern Russian. (&lt;em&gt;a text&lt;/em&gt; in the more detailed part of &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/4312/2199&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt; is a good example.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If you really need such a list of words where &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; is used take a look at this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.yomaker.ru/yoslovar.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ё-vocabulary&lt;/a&gt;. But if your aim is just to learn Russian you will find &lt;a href=&quot;http://bukva-yo.ru/spisok-slov.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this short list of words with &lt;code&gt;Ё&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; sufficient:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;актёр&#xA;бёдра*&#xA;берёза&#xA;бурёнка&#xA;варёный&#xA;вёдро*&#xA;всё*&#xA;вёрткий&#xA;вёсны*&#xA;вёсла*&#xA;взлёт&#xA;влёт&#xA;вразлёт&#xA;гранёный&#xA;далёкий&#xA;дёрн&#xA;дирижёр&#xA;ёж&#xA;ёжик&#xA;ёжиться&#xA;ёлка&#xA;ёмкость&#xA;ёрничать&#xA;жёлтый&#xA;жёсткий&#xA;жёсткость&#xA;жжёный&#xA;залёт&#xA;зелёный&#xA;зёрна*&#xA;зёрнышко&#xA;излёт&#xA;калёный&#xA;клеёнка&#xA;клёв&#xA;клёвый&#xA;клён&#xA;клёпка&#xA;клёцки&#xA;кнёдли&#xA;ковёр*&#xA;колёсный&#xA;конёк&#xA;костёр&#xA;крёстный&#xA;лёгкий&#xA;лёгкость&#xA;лёд&#xA;лён&#xA;лётчик&#xA;овёс&#xA;огонёк&#xA;орёл&#xA;осёдлый&#xA;осёл&#xA;отвёртка&#xA;паникёр&#xA;пелёнка&#xA;пенёк&#xA;пёрышко&#xA;пёс&#xA;пёстрый&#xA;плёнка&#xA;плёс&#xA;поклёвка&#xA;подённый&#xA;подъём&#xA;позёмка&#xA;полёт&#xA;полётный&#xA;посёлок&#xA;приём&#xA;приёмка&#xA;самолёт&#xA;свёкор&#xA;сгущёнка&#xA;сгущёный&#xA;сёгун&#xA;сёдла*&#xA;сёмга&#xA;слёт&#xA;съёмка&#xA;таёжный&#xA;телёнок&#xA;тёмный&#xA;трёхъярусный&#xA;трёхколёсный&#xA;трёхзвёздочный&#xA;утёс&#xA;шофёр&#xA;четвёртый&#xA;чёлка&#xA;чёрствый&#xA;чёрт*&#xA;чёрточка&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;sub&gt;* The words that will change their meaning if you write &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for verbs, &lt;a href=&quot;http://russkiy-na-5.ru/rules/93&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; can be taken as a rule:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;§&lt;/strong&gt; В суффиксах и окончаниях глаголов, суффиксах отглагольных существительных, прилагательных и причастий после шипящих и &lt;code&gt;ч&lt;/code&gt; под ударением пишется буква &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;стереж[ёшь]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;стереж[ёт]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;береж[ёшь]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;береж[ёт]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;жж[ёшь]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;жж[ёт]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;туш&amp;lt;ён&amp;gt;ка&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;туш&amp;lt;ён&amp;gt;ый&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;сбереж&amp;lt;ённ&amp;gt;ый&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;сожж&amp;lt;ённ&amp;gt;ый&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Refer to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/4305/2199&quot;&gt;cha's answer&lt;/a&gt; as a guide to situations where &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; change to &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; is mandatory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2199" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-04-03T21:20:21.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4307" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4309" CreationDate="2014-04-03T07:53:20.053" Score="10" ViewCount="675" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is this in use: &quot;все точки над И&quot;? There is no dots - &lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;, there is dot in English version &lt;strong&gt;i&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why instead there is no usage for such construction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;все точки над Ё&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;все бреве над И краткое&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2496" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-08T08:28:23.567" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T08:28:23.567" Title="Why in the russian often used &quot;все точки над И&quot; but not &quot;все точки над Ё&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;буква-ё&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4307" CreationDate="2014-04-03T07:58:32.757" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When Russians use that proverb they mean not the cyrillic letter &lt;code&gt;И&lt;/code&gt;, but latin or old cyrillic &lt;code&gt;i&lt;/code&gt;. The reason may lie in the fact that letter &lt;code&gt;Ё&lt;/code&gt; is very often being used without dots, like &lt;code&gt;Е&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;UPD&lt;/strong&gt;: Artemix led more compelling reason for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1305" LastEditorUserId="1305" LastEditDate="2014-04-03T08:05:10.197" LastActivityDate="2014-04-03T08:05:10.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4307" CreationDate="2014-04-03T08:01:21.190" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a historical phrase. Before 1918 there were two kinds of letter и - &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;і&lt;/strong&gt;. At that time ink was used to write and dots over i were put after all the letters in the word is written completely. The meaning of the phrase is &quot;to do the things until every little thing is in place&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Letter &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; on the other hand is optional. Most writers do not put the dots over it. So, the meaning of the phrase changes to &quot;to do even the things nobody cares about&quot;. Actually I've met the phrase &quot;все точки над Ё&quot;, but it causes an obviously humorous effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for letter &lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt; - the thingy over и is called &quot;кратка&quot;, so the right &quot;proverb&quot; would be &quot;Поставить все кратки над и кратким&quot;, which sounds too repetitious and nobody knows the term anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also the letter &lt;strong&gt;i&lt;/strong&gt; happend more often than &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt; and so the saying sounded most logical at the time it become popular. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that this phrase could be borrowed from other language, for instance in English there is a saying &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dot_the_i%27s_and_cross_the_t%27s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;to dot the i's and cross the t's&quot;&lt;/a&gt;. (UPD: user3711 claims that the proverb came from French language, which is quite likely).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Интересно что по-французски пословица звучит как &quot;mettre les points sur les i&quot;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nikibar.com/news/mots-bizarres-expressions-curieuses.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Здесь&lt;/a&gt; дается такое объяснение (перевод на основе Google Translate):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В средние века монахи-переписчики экономили пергамент, поэтому готические буквы были очень плотными и краткими. В результате букву &lt;code&gt;I&lt;/code&gt; можно было спутать с буквой &lt;code&gt;l&lt;/code&gt;. Чтобы различать их, над буквой I стали ставить точку. Позже точку стали ставить и над буквой J.   Выражение означает: дать все подробности, объяснить все четко и твердо с кем-то кто не понимает или не хочет понять.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возможно что английское &quot;dot the i's and cross the t's&quot; возникло на основе французской поговорки - перечеркивание буквы t не упоминается ни в русской ни во французской версии. И, кстати, это перечеркивание t указывает на переосмысливание выражения - уже нет отсылки к средневековым монахам-переписчикам, а имеется в виду сам процесс перечеркивания вертикальных линий в букве t и проставления точек над i и j после того как написано слово целиком при каллиграфическом письме. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;American Heritage Dictionary &lt;a href=&quot;http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/dot+the+i%27s+and+cross+the+t%27s?s=t&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;дает примеры английского выражения&lt;/a&gt; середины 19 века. Кроме того Google Ngram Viewer находит французское выражение &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=points%20sur%20les%20i&amp;amp;case_insensitive=on&amp;amp;year_start=1700&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=19&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t4;,points%20sur%20les%20i;,c0;,s0;;points%20sur%20les%20i;,c0;;points%20sur%20les%20I;,c0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;начиная с 1750 года&lt;/a&gt;, а английское - &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=dot%20the%20i%27s&amp;amp;case_insensitive=on&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=15&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t4;,dot%20the%20i%20%27s;,c0;,s0;;dot%20the%20i%20%27s;,c0;;dot%20the%20I%20%27s;,c0;;Dot%20the%20i%20%27s;,c0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;начиная с 1840 года&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается русского языка, то князь П. А. Вяземский пишет:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В исторических и анекдотических рассказах должно, сколько есть возможности, по французской поговорке, ставить les points sur les i [точки над i]: то есть всякое лыко в строку. [П. А. Вяземский. Старая записная книжка (1830-1870)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еще один пример из Национального корпуса:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но он терпел полнейшее фиаско, когда дело шло о различных «обличениях», где уже приходилось волей-неволей говорить прямо и ставить точки над «и», как говорят французы. [А.К. Шеллер-Михайлов. Лес рубят - щепки летят (1871)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как видим, оба автора прямо указывают на французское происхождение поговорки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-05-15T07:59:06.843" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T07:59:06.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4307" CreationDate="2014-04-03T08:06:43.810" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This proverb is an adaptation of French &quot;mettre les points sur les i et les barres sur les t&quot;. Before the reform of Russian orthography in 1918 there was a letter &quot;i&quot; in Russian alphabet (&quot;и десятеричное&quot;, it presents in contemporary Ukrainian alphabet, for example), but there was no &quot;t&quot;. So the original French proverb was reduced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3711" LastActivityDate="2014-04-03T08:06:43.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="208" CreationDate="2014-04-03T15:18:01.023" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I traveled to Kyiv and Berdichev many years ago, and couldn't understand anything when listening to Ukrainians talking to each other. I couldn't even pick the subjects of their conversations. Though when they spoke to me, I could understand quite a bit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I had somewhat similar experience when listening to Scottish people, but could understand much more, and at least would get what they're talking about. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I think that Ukrainian is more different than Russian, compared to Scottish vs English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-05-27T14:24:06.310" LastActivityDate="2017-05-27T14:24:06.310" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4304" CreationDate="2014-04-03T18:51:17.877" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Short answer for Russian language learners&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are no simple rules to detect where Russian letter &lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt; should be read as &lt;em&gt;ё&lt;/em&gt; (i. e. /jo/ or /ʲo/), as well as there are no rules to detect which syllable is stressed. Use dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;More detailed answer for native and near-native Russian speakers&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если упрощенно и вкратце, то переход /e/ → /o/, который и отмечается точками над &lt;em&gt;ё&lt;/em&gt;, в русском языке происходил при следующих условиях:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;переходящий гласный должен быть ударным: &lt;em&gt;сёстры&lt;/em&gt;, но &lt;em&gt;сестра́&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;этот звук должен соответствовать букве &lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt;, а не &lt;em&gt;ѣ&lt;/em&gt; (ять): &lt;em&gt;всё [это]&lt;/em&gt;, но &lt;em&gt;все́ [они]&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;всѣ&lt;/em&gt;), исключение — &lt;em&gt;звёзды&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;звѣзды&lt;/em&gt;);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;до него идет мягкий, шипящий или свистящий согласный звук: &lt;em&gt;ёмкий&lt;/em&gt;, но &lt;em&gt;э́то&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;а после — не идет мягкий согласный: &lt;em&gt;ёлка&lt;/em&gt;, но &lt;em&gt;е́ль&lt;/em&gt; (шипящий может: &lt;em&gt;тёща&lt;/em&gt;);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Все вышеперечисленное, разумеется, относится ко времени перехода, а он окончательно завершился никак не позднее XV века. Отсюда &lt;em&gt;пе́рвый&lt;/em&gt;, а не &lt;em&gt;пёрвый&lt;/em&gt; — /rʲ/ здесь тогда был мягким; &lt;em&gt;фане́ра&lt;/em&gt;, а не &lt;em&gt;фанёра&lt;/em&gt; — это более позднее заимствование. Еще есть куча церковнославянизмов — заимствований достаточно древних для того, чтобы переход произошел, но старательно поддерживавшихся в исконном состоянии: &lt;em&gt;не́́бо&lt;/em&gt; (ср. &lt;em&gt;нёбо&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;ле́в&lt;/em&gt; (но &lt;em&gt;лёва&lt;/em&gt;) и т. д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Плюс, вне зависимости от твердости / мягкости последующего согласного &lt;em&gt;е́&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;ё&lt;/em&gt; имеют свойство сохраняться при склонении: &lt;em&gt;берёза&lt;/em&gt; /z/ → &lt;em&gt;на берёзе&lt;/em&gt; /zʲ/; спряжении: &lt;em&gt;идёт&lt;/em&gt; /t/ → &lt;em&gt;идёте&lt;/em&gt; /tʲ/; иногда словообразовании: &lt;em&gt;зелёный&lt;/em&gt; /n/ → &lt;em&gt;зелёненький&lt;/em&gt; /nʲ/, &lt;em&gt;уроже́нец&lt;/em&gt; /nʲ/ → &lt;em&gt;уроже́нка&lt;/em&gt; /n/.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А на самом деле все еще несколько сложнее — переход происходил в несколько этапов, в частности, на первом этапе ударение значения не имело, и это было бы важно при объяснении украинского языка (например, почему &lt;em&gt;чолові́к&lt;/em&gt;), но для великорусского этим можно пренебречь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По всему видно, что носителю современного русского языка эти правила, как и многие другие окололингвистические знания, не вполне полезны — произношение большинства слов и так прекрасно ему известны, а сложные случаи проще проверить по словарю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-08-08T15:20:30.713" LastActivityDate="2014-08-08T15:20:30.713" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4290" CreationDate="2014-04-04T08:21:40.103" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;With Russian being my native language, I came across this phrase only a few times. This, I believe, is an example of typical Russian street-made-up expressions. Answering that to &quot;А вдруг?&quot; would not be very polite, by the way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3716" LastActivityDate="2014-04-04T08:21:40.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4314" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-04T12:34:54.680" Score="6" ViewCount="639" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm currently learning the Russian language. While I was in the middle of learning this language and I understood the letters used, I noticed a few cases regarding those letters. One case that got me confused right now is the use of &quot;йа&quot; and &quot;Я&quot;. I have seen &quot;Майами&quot; in one article, but it is not spelled &quot;Маями&quot;. A similar case goes with &quot;йо&quot; and &quot;Ё&quot;. Are there rules regarding those letters?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3717" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-08T08:32:12.003" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T15:41:03.177" Title="Is there really &quot;йа&quot; and &quot;йо&quot; in Russian writing?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;буква-ё&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4314" CreationDate="2014-04-04T13:46:53.137" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are plenty of such words; your &lt;em&gt;Майами&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;Айова&lt;/em&gt;, are examples. However, I am not aware of any words of Slavic origin containing &lt;em&gt;йа&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;йо&lt;/em&gt;; rather, they are loanwords, whether new or old-established. Here, the spelling tends to reflect the spelling of the original as closely as is possible for the different writing systems.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3522" LastEditorUserId="3522" LastEditDate="2014-04-04T14:57:19.427" LastActivityDate="2014-04-04T14:57:19.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4314" CreationDate="2014-04-04T13:48:18.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sequences йа and йо are used exclusively in loan words. The reason is unknown to me, but for йо I could hypotesize that it is used so to not be confused with е where the dots over ё are omitted. Another idea is that possibly somebody tried to reflect etymology this way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally I would prefer always use я and ё if I could influence the usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-04-04T13:48:18.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4314" CreationDate="2014-04-04T14:04:30.760" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there is no difference in pronunciation. E.g. i pronounce this sound in &quot;Майами&quot; identical to &quot;Маяк&quot;. But from other hand i can pronounce Й a bit harder and longer in case of йа. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also true, that these combination usually appear in foreign names or geographical names.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think I've goggled the reason - &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Англо-русская практическая транскрипция&lt;/a&gt; .&#xA;I don't find ё there. Я is mentioned, but some strange way. So they are not supposed to be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, interesting fact, &quot;Я&quot; and also some strange way &quot;ЙА&quot; are both used for Spanish names &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Испанско-русская практическая транскрипция&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can suppose, why they avoid to use ё. I don't know why but very often &quot;ё&quot; is written as &quot;e&quot; but still read as &quot;ё&quot;. For example nobody will read &quot;Елка&quot; as it looks, everyone understands its &quot;Ёлка&quot; and reads it properly. Probably this confusion makes letter ё to be unwanted in foreign words, because nobody knows how to read it properly in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1496" LastActivityDate="2014-04-04T14:04:30.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4318" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4320" CreationDate="2014-04-06T13:59:35.857" Score="5" ViewCount="386" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to tell a person the name of a book. It is my thinking that I am to use the &lt;strong&gt;Nominative Case&lt;/strong&gt; when doing this because I am describing the subject of the sentence. In English the sentence would read &lt;code&gt;&quot;The book is called 'A Roadside Picnic&quot;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I right in saying this in Russian &lt;code&gt;&quot;Книга называется 'Пикник на обочине'&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also I've seen in my text books the names of movies and hotels encased like &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;Пикник на обочине&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; so would saying &lt;code&gt;&quot;Книга называется &amp;lt;&amp;lt;Пикник на обочине&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&quot;&lt;/code&gt; be more accurate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry for the simple question but Google failed me, or I failed Google.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3691" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2014-04-08T14:06:37.497" LastActivityDate="2014-04-08T14:06:37.497" Title="What case to use when saying &quot;The book is called...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4318" CreationDate="2014-04-06T14:34:41.533" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct, Nominative Case is used in this situation. And correct Russian quotes are actually «» and „“ (latter is used in handwritten texts or when quotes are nested).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3723" LastActivityDate="2014-04-06T14:34:41.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4318" CreationDate="2014-04-06T14:50:49.853" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are absolutely right, you are to use the &lt;strong&gt;Nominative Case&lt;/strong&gt; when doing that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the quotation marks in Russian, using the English-style both-at-the-top quotation marks ( &lt;code&gt;“&lt;/code&gt;like this&lt;code&gt;”&lt;/code&gt; ) is not correct. Russian uses two kinds of quotation marks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«ёлочки» - French-style - that is the typical and traditional quotation marks used in printed books.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;„лапки“ - German-style - that is used in printed books to mark a quotation inside a quotation, and also that is used in handwriting:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«„Цыганы“ мои не продаются вовсе», — сетовал Пушкин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To type those Russian quotation marks on a computer with Windows, you have to switch the Num Lock on, hold the Alt key, and type a code on the numpad, on the right of the keyboard. Here are the codes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;«&lt;/code&gt; Alt+0171&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;»&lt;/code&gt; Alt+0187&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;„&lt;/code&gt; Alt+0132&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;“&lt;/code&gt; Alt+0147&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, you can download and install &lt;a href=&quot;http://ilyabirman.net/projects/typography-layout/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ilya Birman's Typography Layout&lt;/a&gt;, it is free and has lots of useful symbols which are easy to enter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-04-06T15:01:44.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4314" CreationDate="2014-04-07T07:23:31.083" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, both &lt;strong&gt;йа&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;йо&lt;/strong&gt; are used in russian writing. They are used mostly in loaned words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Йа&lt;/strong&gt; (and its counterpart &lt;strong&gt;ьа&lt;/strong&gt;) are used when transcribing foreign proper names only:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Брайан, Гайана, Майами, Яньань&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Though I have found a neologism граб&lt;strong&gt;ьа&lt;/strong&gt;рмия which is pronounced as &quot;грабь'армия&quot; without &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt; in the middle of the word.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Йо&lt;/strong&gt; is used in such nouns as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;йог, йод, йота, майор, район, йогурт, майонез. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of them have foreign origin, though some of them have appeared in Russian vocabulary for many years. For instance, &lt;em&gt;йота&lt;/em&gt; is a name of a greek letter and is mentioned in phraseologism &quot;Ни на йоту&quot; which has been used for at least 200 years. Many proper nouns (like Майорка) use &lt;strong&gt;йо&lt;/strong&gt; because of transcription rules (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/4317/&quot;&gt;Stepan Stepanov's answer&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, sometimes &lt;strong&gt;йо&lt;/strong&gt; can be a result of concatenating two words into one single word. Such words (like &lt;em&gt;самолёт&lt;/em&gt;) have a structure &lt;strong&gt;word1 + о + word2&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;самолёт = сам + о + лёт&lt;/em&gt; - &quot;сам летает&quot;). If the first word ends on &lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt;, the resulting word will have a &lt;strong&gt;йо&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;стро&lt;strong&gt;йо&lt;/strong&gt;тряд = строй + отряд&lt;/em&gt; - строительный отряд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another interesting case of &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; being written in some other way is words like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;бульон, почтальон, каньон, лосьон, сеньор, батальон, медальон, павильон, шампиньон&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At first glance it may seem that this is a case when &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; after consonant softens the preceding consonant and from &lt;strong&gt;йо&lt;/strong&gt; becomes &lt;strong&gt;ьо&lt;/strong&gt;. But in fact that is not the case. &lt;strong&gt;Йо&lt;/strong&gt; is still there, but is not written. In all these words &lt;strong&gt;ьо&lt;/strong&gt; are pronounced as if it is written as &lt;strong&gt;ьйо&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;ьё&lt;/strong&gt;: бул&lt;strong&gt;ьйо&lt;/strong&gt;н, почтал&lt;strong&gt;ьйо&lt;/strong&gt;н, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as a bottom line, Russian language has no &quot;write as you hear&quot; concept. Though the orthography rules exist, they have many exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T07:08:29.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4314" CreationDate="2014-04-07T14:17:14.553" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually you may see both variants of writing: &lt;code&gt;Майами&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Маями&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;Майами&lt;/code&gt; - is official name, however, some people may also use &lt;code&gt;Маями&lt;/code&gt;. It's just a problems of transliteration names from one language to another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no special rules about transliteration names. &#xA;For example, in common Miami is used to write like &lt;code&gt;Майами&lt;/code&gt;. However, Myanmar is used to write like &lt;code&gt;Мьянма&lt;/code&gt;, with using &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we are talking about common words, like &lt;code&gt;йогурт&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;майор&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;ёж&lt;/code&gt; and so on, there is no difference in the sound of &lt;code&gt;йо&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;йа&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt;. The reason why whe use one or another - is a traditional writing. For foreign words we usually use &lt;code&gt;йа&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;йо&lt;/code&gt;. For russian words &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt;. But it's not a strong rule. You should just remember how to write one or another word. Like in english you will write &lt;code&gt;photo&lt;/code&gt; and not &lt;code&gt;foto&lt;/code&gt;, even if it's sounds the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As addition: Russians never use &lt;code&gt;йу&lt;/code&gt; only &lt;code&gt;ю&lt;/code&gt;. Mystery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3607" LastEditorUserId="2380" LastEditDate="2015-07-11T10:10:44.990" LastActivityDate="2015-07-11T10:10:44.990" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2674" CreationDate="2014-04-08T04:54:51.600" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы сказала &quot;лажовый&quot;. Беспонтовый тоже звучит хорошо, тут главное подчеркнуть, что и у них это слово сленговое и не стоит искать аналог в литературной лексике :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3730" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-04-08T10:06:26.530" LastActivityDate="2014-04-08T10:06:26.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4274" CreationDate="2014-04-09T07:02:09.367" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;он удовлетворяется&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Шарик получал удовольствие от всего подряд, он удовлетворялся об игрушки, ноги, докторов.&#xA;  Доктор с Шариком беда, он удовлетворяется обо все подряд, помогите ему доктор!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;он ебёт:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Шарик ебёт все подряд: игрушки, одежду, ноги. Особенно заводится с полосатого мишки, это его любимая игрушка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did't used doctor here, because that would be total special case.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Knocks X suggested &lt;em&gt;возбуждается и плохо себя ведет&lt;/em&gt;, in proper context there no doubt what dog is doing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So how it would be descried depends on: who will describe, situation context. Most (if not all) what someone can say about human intercourse, can be used in description of dog behavior. And vice versa. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3713" LastActivityDate="2014-04-09T07:02:09.367" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4326" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-09T15:05:20.273" Score="7" ViewCount="392" Body="&lt;p&gt;To my knowledge &lt;code&gt;Живое исполнение&lt;/code&gt; translates to &lt;code&gt;live performance&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have the sentence &lt;code&gt;I prefer live performances&lt;/code&gt; which I attempted to translate into &lt;code&gt;Я предпочитаю живому исполнениям&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I translated it like this because it is my understanding that I should use the &lt;strong&gt;Dative&lt;/strong&gt; case to express feelings or to say you like something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;    Мне нравится Москва&#xA;    Как вам нравится фильм?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &lt;code&gt;живому&lt;/code&gt;is in &lt;strong&gt;Dative Singular&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;code&gt;исполнениям&lt;/code&gt;is in &lt;strong&gt;Dative Plural&lt;/strong&gt; because that's how it is in English, as far as I am aware anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am trying to disguise this &quot;Is my translation correct?&quot; question as best as I can with some hope that the answer will help someone other than myself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3691" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-05T13:57:19.500" LastActivityDate="2017-07-05T13:57:19.500" Title="&quot;предпочитаю&quot; + &quot;живое исполнение&quot; - which case?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4326" CreationDate="2014-04-09T15:20:22.097" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll revisit later the question of whether &lt;em&gt;живое исполнение&lt;/em&gt; is the correct translation of &lt;em&gt;live performance&lt;/em&gt; and whether in Russian you can use it in plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using that translation, in the Russian translation of &lt;em&gt;I prefer live performances&lt;/em&gt;, dative case is not correct and the accusative case needs to be used instead.  In addition, you have a mismatch of singular/plural of adjective and noun (i.e. singular adjective with plural noun).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Overall, the sentence would be translated as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я предпочитаю [кого/что] живые исполнения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This however sounds rather unnatural to a native Russian speaker.  While I have heard &lt;em&gt;живое исполнение&lt;/em&gt; in the past, it usually was used as a word-for-word translation - and never in plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, I would translate the phrase as &lt;em&gt;концертное исполнение&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;концертное выступление&lt;/em&gt; (which can often be used in plural).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе нравится последний диск этой группы?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я предпочитаю концертные выступления.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;или&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я предпочитаю концертное исполнение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2014-04-09T15:20:22.097" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4326" CreationDate="2014-04-09T15:23:11.187" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your translation is wrong in several ways. The verb &lt;code&gt;предпочитать&lt;/code&gt; is transitive, so it can have a direct object, and the direct objects are always in the &lt;strong&gt;Accusative case&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;code&gt;исполнение&lt;/code&gt; in this sentence must be in the &lt;strong&gt;Singular&lt;/strong&gt;, irrespective of what number is used in English. Although this noun does have a plural form, while talking about music the Singular form is used. And naturally, adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in number, you сannot have a singular adjective modifying a plural noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the correct way to put it is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я предпочитаю живое исполнение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-04-09T15:23:11.187" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4329" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4333" CreationDate="2014-04-10T02:24:15.517" Score="8" ViewCount="364" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't seem to find a great example of when to use &quot;его&quot; vs &quot;это&quot; and was hoping somebody could shine some light on this!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the phrase, &lt;code&gt;&quot;I remembered it&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, I believe it's &lt;code&gt;&quot;я помнил его&quot;&lt;/code&gt; and for &lt;code&gt;&quot;It is good&quot;&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;code&gt;&quot;это хорошо&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why in this instance of &lt;code&gt;it is good&lt;/code&gt; is it not &lt;code&gt;&quot;его&quot;&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Might it have something to do with the tenses?  I can't for the life of me find an answer&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1571" LastActivityDate="2014-04-16T09:17:18.187" Title="Using &quot;его&quot; и &quot;это&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4330" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4329" CreationDate="2014-04-10T02:32:48.113" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;его&quot; means &quot;his&quot; or &quot;him&quot;, &quot;это&quot; means &quot;it&quot; or &quot;this&quot;. These are very different words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I remembered it&quot; means &quot;Я помнил это&quot; or &quot;Я вспомнил это&quot; depending on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я помнил его&quot; would be &quot;I remembered him&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Это его ручка&quot; is &quot;It is his pen&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Его это беспокоит&quot; is &quot;It bothers him&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: @Dmitry's example is correct. The explanation is that in Russian everything has a gender, even wrenches. So, the wrench is male. That's why Russians learning English might say &quot;I put him there&quot; referring to a wrench, instead of correct &quot;I put it there&quot;. It also translates into possessive forms, e.g. you'd say &quot;Its place is there&quot;, referring to the place that belongs to a wrench. In Russian you'd say &quot;ego mesto tam&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="3595" LastEditDate="2014-04-10T13:05:11.030" LastActivityDate="2014-04-10T13:05:11.030" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4329" CreationDate="2014-04-10T12:43:51.957" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;его&quot; - &quot;him&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I remembered it&quot; - &quot;Я запомнил &lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (Past simple) / &quot;Я помню (все еще) &lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (Present Continuous)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3737" LastActivityDate="2014-04-10T12:43:51.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4329" CreationDate="2014-04-10T13:24:36.987" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me put it in a more systematized way. And no, it has nothing to do with tenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English &lt;code&gt;he&lt;/code&gt; refers &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; to male living beings, but in Russian &lt;code&gt;он&lt;/code&gt; refers both to male living beings and also to any non-living thing which is named by a noun of the &lt;strong&gt;masculine gender&lt;/strong&gt;, like &lt;code&gt;стол&lt;/code&gt; (table), &lt;code&gt;дом&lt;/code&gt; (house), &lt;code&gt;номер&lt;/code&gt; (number), &lt;code&gt;звук&lt;/code&gt; (sound), etc. In the latter case English uses &lt;code&gt;it&lt;/code&gt; to refer to those things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is why:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– Ты помнишь Ивана? (­Do you remember Ivan?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– Да, я помню его. (Yes, I remember him.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But also:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– Ты помнишь мой номер телефона? (­Do you remember my phone number?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– Да, я помню его. (Yes, I remember it.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;It is good&lt;/code&gt; is a different case. Actually, English has several meanings of &lt;code&gt;it&lt;/code&gt;. Apart from referring to non-living things discussed above, English &lt;code&gt;it&lt;/code&gt; can&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. refer to the whole situation being discussed&lt;/strong&gt;, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– I've bought a new house!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– It is good!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &lt;code&gt;it&lt;/code&gt; refers to the friend's buying a house, in English it can also be substituted by &lt;code&gt;that&lt;/code&gt; ('That is good!'). In such cases both &lt;code&gt;it&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;that&lt;/code&gt; are translated into Russian as &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt;, or omitted altogether, so the dialog above is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– Я купил новый дом!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– Это замечательно! / Замечательно!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. introduce a new object in order to name it.&lt;/strong&gt; Here English differentiates between singular/plural and near/far objects:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Singular: It/This/That is a lawnmower.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Plural: They/These/Those are lawnmowers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, Russian doesn't make any of those distinctions, and in sentences like that only &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt; is used in most cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Singular: Это газонокосилка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Plural: Это газонокосилки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only when you introduce a &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; far-away object, you can use &lt;code&gt;вон то&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, probably, everything as for your question. Still, English has other uses of &lt;code&gt;it&lt;/code&gt;, like in &lt;code&gt;It is raining.&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;It was an early morning.&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;It was he who helped me.&lt;/code&gt; etc., but, when translating sentences like that into Russian, &lt;code&gt;it&lt;/code&gt; is omitted, and neither &lt;code&gt;он&lt;/code&gt; nor &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt; is used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is raining. - Идёт дождь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It was an early morning. - Было раннее утро.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It was he who helped me. - Именно он помог мне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-04-10T13:24:36.987" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4334" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-11T06:31:42.590" Score="0" ViewCount="3119" Body="&lt;p&gt;Someone knows where Can I download sample exams about TOFRL (Test of Russian as a Foreign Language)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2047" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-04-11T07:26:10.680" LastActivityDate="2014-04-14T12:30:22.253" Title="TORFL (Test of Russian as a Foreign Language) sample" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;resources&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4335" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4338" CreationDate="2014-04-11T20:40:41.030" Score="3" ViewCount="1279" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does it mean when Russian say: &quot;Здесь стопятьсот графиков, что с ними делать?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T12:21:18.570" LastActivityDate="2014-12-13T03:40:56.627" Title="Стопятьсот (100500)" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4274" CreationDate="2014-04-11T21:01:31.477" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen &quot;пристраиваться&quot; being used for the occasional dog-humping attempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would personally use &quot;приставать&quot; for those dogs that are repeat offenders at humping &lt;em&gt;people&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3742" LastActivityDate="2014-04-11T21:01:31.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4335" CreationDate="2014-04-11T22:36:20.403" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an Internet meme basically meaning &quot;a lot&quot; but in a funny way. The fun is two-way (pun intended): &lt;em&gt;сто пятьсот&lt;/em&gt; sounds totally wrong while resembling regular &lt;em&gt;сто пятьдесят&lt;/em&gt; (and it having been written as &lt;em&gt;стопицот&lt;/em&gt; messes it up even more), and &lt;em&gt;100500&lt;/em&gt; being read as &lt;em&gt;сто пятьсот&lt;/em&gt; is also comically wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose it comes from child talk--children often mix up large numbers, so it's not uncommon to hear things like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2014-04-11T22:36:20.403" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4335" CreationDate="2014-04-13T20:30:00.637" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;стопятьсот = очень много&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it came from the name of popular videos from youtube&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/user/AdamThomasMoran&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/user/AdamThomasMoran&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3744" LastActivityDate="2014-04-13T20:30:00.637" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4334" CreationDate="2014-04-14T12:30:22.253" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you use torrent system I can advise you this link &lt;a href=&quot;http://rutracker.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=3897516&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://rutracker.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=3897516&lt;/a&gt; Here you can find tests for different levels&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3735" LastActivityDate="2014-04-14T12:30:22.253" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4341" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4342" CreationDate="2014-04-14T17:05:44.497" Score="6" ViewCount="485" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to know how to translate 'open-source' to Russian and also how to properly translate 'bug' as in, a software bug. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also if you know any resources for technical dictionaries or terminology, I would appreciate the reference. Thank you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="993" LastActivityDate="2014-04-24T17:18:18.510" Title="How to translate open-source to Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4341" CreationDate="2014-04-14T17:49:31.497" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Открытое программное обеспечение&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;bug - in jargon it's &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;баг&lt;/a&gt;, a proper translation would be &quot;ошибка&quot; (my guess)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &quot;debugger&quot; would be &quot;отладчик&quot;, but in jargon people say &quot;debagger&quot; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-04-15T06:02:24.740" LastActivityDate="2014-04-15T06:02:24.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4345" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4355" CreationDate="2014-04-15T11:54:10.150" Score="5" ViewCount="781" Body="&lt;p&gt;У Лили Аллен есть песня под названием &lt;code&gt;Fuck you (very much)&lt;/code&gt;. Собственно припев начинается словами &lt;code&gt;Fuck you, fuck you very very much&lt;/code&gt;. Каковы варианты адаптированного перевода для этой строки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Насколько я понял это отсылка к сердечной благодарности &lt;code&gt;thank you,thank you very much&lt;/code&gt; посему мои вариант перевода в том же ключе: &lt;code&gt;идите нахуй и будьте здоровы&lt;/code&gt;. Будет ли подобное корректным?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD: под &quot;адаптированным&quot; я подразумеваю такой перевод, который при переводе по возможности теряет минимум смысла заложенного в изначальном тексте. То есть замена фразеологизмов на аналогичные в русском, сохранение некой игры слов в переводе. Ярким примером может служить поэзия и её переводы на русский (как у Бальмонта, например). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1769" LastEditorUserId="1769" LastEditDate="2014-04-16T09:03:15.897" LastActivityDate="2014-04-17T12:04:20.200" Title="Корректный перевод нецензурного припева" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4341" CreationDate="2014-04-15T17:02:13.090" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 90% of cases, if not more, programmers would use transliterated English terms. This is what I usually hear at work: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;open-source&lt;/em&gt; =&gt; &lt;em&gt;опенсорс&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;bug&lt;/em&gt; =&gt; &lt;em&gt;баг&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;debugger&lt;/em&gt; =&gt; &lt;em&gt;дебаггер&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In writing I would avoid using &lt;em&gt;опенсорс&lt;/em&gt; and use &lt;em&gt;программное обеспечение с открытым кодом&lt;/em&gt;. As regards the word &lt;em&gt;баг&lt;/em&gt;, it is OK to use it in writing. I often see the word &lt;em&gt;дебагер&lt;/em&gt; in writing (it is usually written with 1 letter &lt;em&gt;г&lt;/em&gt;), though the use of &lt;em&gt;отладчик&lt;/em&gt; is as common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="298" LastActivityDate="2014-04-15T17:02:13.090" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4348" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4352" CreationDate="2014-04-16T00:48:54.877" Score="4" ViewCount="297" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the first things a student of Russian learns is that living things belonging to the masculine or plural genders (but not the other two) take on accusative forms identical to their genitive forms, e.g. identical noun endings for наткнулись на девочек and украли у девочек мяч&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I keep running into cases where nonliving things seem to take on genitive endings where the accusative would be expected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Наконец пришла война, которой долго ждали» из исторического романа&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Когда умолкнут все песни, которых я не знаю»   вы уже знаете откуда это ))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both cases, I am referred to the declined forms of который.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this usage have a different shade of meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1726" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-04-16T14:50:49.800" Title="Genitive-style endings in the accusative" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="10" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4335" CreationDate="2014-04-16T08:14:09.580" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://lurkmore.to/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BE%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Lurkmore&lt;/a&gt; this is Russian equivalent of English &lt;a href=&quot;http://wikireality.ru/wiki/Over_9000&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;OVER 9000&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очень много — это примерно стопицот. Иногда применяется как коэффициент для сравнения: «больше в стопицот раз». Или даже: «больше в стопицот тысяч раз». Ещё используется как усиленная версия фразы «+1» в комментариях, подчёркивающая полное согласие с автором: «+ стопицот».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was invented and become popular as a part of &amp;quot;язык падонкаф&amp;quot;, origins of which go back to pre-internet time. One of the sites of this community was udaff.com, many others do not exist or changed their content. The oldest of the sites was fuck.ru and (according to Maksim Krongaus) it was created &lt;a href=&quot;http://modernlib.ru/books/maksim_krongauz/samouchitel_olbanskogo/read_2/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;back in 1998&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Падонки – это сетевая контркультура, сформировавшаяся на нескольких сайтах, многих из которых уже не существует. Первым таким сайтом стал fuck.ru. Потом открывались и закрывались сайты idiot.ru, fackru.net, down.ru.&#xA;Сайт fuck.ru создали в 1998 году Егор Лавров и Константин Рыков.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The oldest examples of usage I could found are dating back 2004 and 2005:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Udaff.com comment, dated &lt;a href=&quot;http://udaff.com/print_c/read/creo/40773/page1.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;27-01-2005&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Вот блять &lt;strong&gt;стопицот&lt;/strong&gt; раз такое четал, а фсёравно- ностальжи, блядь!!!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ladadriver.ru forum comment, dated &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ladadriver.ru/2004-12/page-94.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;03.12.04&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Прикольно, ведро 96-го года, цвет розовый металлик, а выглядит она в &lt;strong&gt;стопицот&lt;/strong&gt; раз свежее моей баклажановой девятины, которую я забарыжил во вторник.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of the oldest origins of the phrase, the Lurkmore.to site has two versions. One version is that for the first time in TV-show &amp;quot;OSP-studio&amp;quot; or by Alexei Kortnev (leader of &amp;quot;Несчастный случай&amp;quot; band):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возможно, фраза впервые была исполнена в педераче ОСП-студия персонажем, которого изображал некто Сивохо (стопицот миллионов), либо в педераче «Несчастный случай» (Алексей Кортнев), в ролике про мальчика, который, с его слов: «победил стопетцот врагов».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As idea of the youtube show +100500 came to its creator in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/+100500&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;summer of 2010&lt;/a&gt; this proves that the origin of the meme was not the title of this show.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-04-16T08:22:21.753" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4350" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4351" CreationDate="2014-04-16T09:27:34.490" Score="5" ViewCount="700" Body="&lt;p&gt;From wikipedia: The idiom &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_herring&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;red herring&lt;/a&gt;&quot; is used to refer to something that misleads or distracts from the relevant or important issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there literal translation or similar idiom?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1079" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T21:38:55.670" Title="How to translate idiom &quot;red herring&quot;?" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4350" CreationDate="2014-04-16T09:57:27.310" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think there a phrase in Russian with the exact same meaning as &lt;em&gt;red herring&lt;/em&gt;.  Depending on the context, you could use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отвлечение внимания&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Отвлекающий аргумент&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Отвлекающий манёвр&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ложная улика&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ложный манёвр&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is term &lt;em&gt;копчёная сельдь&lt;/em&gt;, however I've never actually heard it in speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-04-16T16:43:45.680" LastActivityDate="2014-04-16T16:43:45.680" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4348" CreationDate="2014-04-16T14:50:49.800" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The genitive которой in the first sentence and которых in the second have different explanations. The reason for genitive in the first sentence is that objects governed by ждать take the genitive case: ждать чего-то (to wait for something). In the second sentence, the genitive is related to the phenomenon of negative genitive: negation, non-possession, or non-existence is generally expressed using genitive for the object that is being negated, e.g., здесь нет таких книг (here there are no such books) or это дифференциальное уравнение не имеет решений (this differential equation has no solutions).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2014-04-16T14:50:49.800" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4353" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4386" CreationDate="2014-04-17T02:22:37.170" Score="3" ViewCount="629" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как будет правильно написать 21-миллионный, 21-тысячный и 101-тысячный словами?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слова должны быть &quot;двадцатиодн&amp;#8203;&lt;strong&gt;?&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;#8203;миллионный&quot;, &quot;двадцатиодн&amp;#8203;&lt;strong&gt;?&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;#8203;тысячный&quot; и &quot;стоодн&amp;#8203;&lt;strong&gt;?&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;#8203;тысячный&quot; соответственно, но сомнения вызывает какая буква будет на месте знака вопроса.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="286" LastEditorUserId="286" LastEditDate="2014-04-26T01:20:28.857" LastActivityDate="2014-04-26T10:00:37.713" Title="21-миллионый, 21-тысячный, 101-тысячный словами?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4353" CreationDate="2014-04-17T03:23:41.417" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Судя по всему - двадцатиодномиллионный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2354" LastActivityDate="2014-04-17T03:23:41.417" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4345" CreationDate="2014-04-17T08:52:17.470" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не думаю, что подойдет как перевод, но если thank you very much - большое спасибо&#xA;то перевести fuck you very much сохраняя игру слов и похожесть выражения можно как &quot;большое посасибо&quot;. Не особо распространено конечно но пару раз слышал ))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1496" LastEditorUserId="1496" LastEditDate="2014-04-17T12:04:20.200" LastActivityDate="2014-04-17T12:04:20.200" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4356" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4357" CreationDate="2014-04-18T20:56:54.873" Score="9" ViewCount="9223" Body="&lt;p&gt;My Russian textbook gives the example, «Я родилась в июне сорок восьмого &lt;em&gt;года&lt;/em&gt;.»  Shouldn't genitive год following eighth be лет instead of года?  Is this a mistake in my textbook?  If not, could you please explain what's going on here?  Is года in this formation simply a special case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3765" LastActivityDate="2021-01-23T21:17:55.660" Title="Why года instead of лет?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4356" CreationDate="2014-04-18T21:24:35.617" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you refer to a point in time (calendar date) it is never &quot;лет&quot;, always some form of &quot;год&quot;. You use &quot;лет&quot; when referring to how many years passed, age etc. Like &quot;I'm 5 years old&quot; - &quot;мне 5 лет&quot;. On the other hand &quot;I'm 2 years old&quot; is &quot;мне 2 года&quot;. &quot;Two/five years ago&quot; is &quot;Два года назад&quot; &quot;Пять лет назад&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-04-18T21:24:35.617" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4356" CreationDate="2014-04-18T21:37:34.570" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm russian, but not a linguist, so my answer is a &lt;em&gt;practical&lt;/em&gt;. Sorry for this.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;When you reference some particular calendar year, it is always &lt;code&gt;год&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;в &lt;em&gt;таком-то&lt;/em&gt; году.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  в 1945 году.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  шел 2014 год...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also in the following &lt;em&gt;time ago&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;time range&lt;/em&gt;) values &lt;code&gt;год&lt;/code&gt; is used:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1 год назад &lt;em&gt;(1 year ago)&lt;/em&gt;; это продолжалось 1 год &lt;em&gt;(it was for 1 year)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2 года назад &lt;em&gt;(2 years ago)&lt;/em&gt;; это продолжалось 2 года&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  3 года назад &lt;em&gt;(3 years ago)&lt;/em&gt;; это продолжалось 3 года&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  4 года назад &lt;em&gt;(4 years ago)&lt;/em&gt;; это продолжалось 4 года  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5 лет назад &lt;em&gt;(5 years ago)&lt;/em&gt;; это продолжалось 5 лет&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  6 лет назад &lt;em&gt;(6 years ago)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  20 лет назад &lt;em&gt;(20 years ago)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And again:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;21 год назад&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  22 года назад&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  23 года назад&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  24 года назад  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And again: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;25 лет назад&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same thing for age:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сколько ему лет? &lt;em&gt;(How old is he?)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  41 год &lt;em&gt;(41 years)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  42 года &lt;em&gt;(42 years)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  43 года &lt;em&gt;(43 years)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  44 года &lt;em&gt;(44 years)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  45 лет &lt;em&gt;(45 years)&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the &lt;strong&gt;rule&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;if the number of &lt;strong&gt;years ago&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;time range&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;age&lt;/strong&gt; is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;1&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;OR&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;code&gt;&amp;gt; 20&lt;/code&gt; and ends with &lt;code&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;) it will be &lt;code&gt;год&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;2 .. 4&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;OR&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;code&gt;&amp;gt; 20&lt;/code&gt; and ends with &lt;code&gt;2 .. 4&lt;/code&gt;) it will be &lt;code&gt;года&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In all other cases - &lt;code&gt;лет&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2014-04-19T00:38:42.883" LastActivityDate="2014-04-19T00:38:42.883" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4356" CreationDate="2014-04-19T04:10:51.990" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The textbook is correct. Plural genitive of год is either годов or лет, but singular genitive is года.  Сорок восьмой год is singular, so июнь сорок восьмого года is singular genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-04-19T04:10:51.990" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4356" CreationDate="2014-04-19T14:51:34.947" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Года&quot; is genitive of &quot;год&quot;, &quot;лет&quot; is &lt;em&gt;plural&lt;/em&gt; of genitive of &quot;год&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3769" LastActivityDate="2014-04-19T14:51:34.947" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4362" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4363" CreationDate="2014-04-19T18:20:50.330" Score="7" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why &quot;расчёт&quot; with one &quot;с&quot; and &quot;рассчитывать&quot; with two &quot;с&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3769" LastActivityDate="2014-04-19T21:26:28.067" Title="Why &quot;расчёт&quot; but &quot;рассчитывать&quot;" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4362" CreationDate="2014-04-19T20:42:27.377" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two almost synonymous¹ verbs: &lt;em&gt;расче́сть&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;рассчита́ть&lt;/em&gt;. The former decomposes into morphemes &lt;em&gt;рас-чес-ть&lt;/em&gt;, the latter – &lt;em&gt;рас-с-чит-а-ть&lt;/em&gt;. The former produces a noun &lt;em&gt;расчёт&lt;/em&gt; in an obvious way, the latter – &lt;em&gt;рассчёт&lt;/em&gt;. Both were equally widely used until the early XX century: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.ru/search?num=100&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;tbm=bks&amp;amp;q=%22%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%22&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;расчетъ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.ru/search?num=100&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;tbm=bks&amp;amp;q=%22%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%22&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;разсчетъ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; as they were spelled at that time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the absence of word &lt;em&gt;рассчёт&lt;/em&gt; in modern language is nothing but one of arbitrary decisions of ‘fathers’ of Russian orthography. I can’t say right now whose exactly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1) &lt;em&gt;расче́сть&lt;/em&gt; is quite rare nowadays&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть два практически полностью синонимичных¹ глагола: &lt;em&gt;расче́сть&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;рассчита́ть&lt;/em&gt;. Первый раскладывается на морфемы &lt;em&gt;рас-чес-ть&lt;/em&gt;, второй — &lt;em&gt;рас-с-чит-а-ть&lt;/em&gt;. От первого очевидным образом образуется существительное &lt;em&gt;расчёт&lt;/em&gt;, от второго — &lt;em&gt;рассчёт&lt;/em&gt;. Оба они одинаково широко употреблялись до начала XX века, в тогдашей орфографии: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.ru/search?num=100&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;tbm=bks&amp;amp;q=%22%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%22&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;расчетъ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; и &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.ru/search?num=100&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;tbm=bks&amp;amp;q=%22%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%22&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;разсчетъ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что отсутствие слова &lt;em&gt;рассчёт&lt;/em&gt; в современном языке — это не более чем одно из волюнтаристских решений «отцов» русской орфографии. Чье именно, сходу не скажу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1) &lt;em&gt;расче́сть&lt;/em&gt; — слово ныне редкое&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-04-19T21:26:28.067" LastActivityDate="2014-04-19T21:26:28.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4364" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4367" CreationDate="2014-04-21T01:45:30.283" Score="6" ViewCount="1034" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/Bz7T8JrZ-eU?t=26m10s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://youtu.be/Bz7T8JrZ-eU?t=26m10s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The girl says something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наверноe я бы свободу отнесла бы к числу известных испытаний&#xA;наряду с огнём, водой и медными трубами.&#xA;И причём такое испытание, наверное&#xA;более легко для отдельной личности,&#xA;чем для народа, для государства в целом!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She's referring to an old movie, comparing the challenges or something. What does she mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2480" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-12-24T20:18:13.787" LastActivityDate="2014-12-24T20:18:13.787" Title="'Fire, water and brass pipes'?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4364" CreationDate="2014-04-21T03:03:57.213" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;She's not referring to a movie, it's just that movie's name is an idiom - &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C,_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;page on wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; provides more information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3615" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-04-21T15:23:04.887" LastActivityDate="2014-04-21T15:23:04.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4366" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4364" CreationDate="2014-04-21T12:31:05.713" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Медные трубы&quot; in this context is not &quot;brass pipes&quot; but &quot;trumpets&quot;. This trial refers to the challenges caused by sudden fame and popularity with the people or the government.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2244" LastActivityDate="2014-04-21T12:31:05.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4364" CreationDate="2014-04-21T15:23:24.467" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The idiom &quot;through fire, water and brass pipes&quot; came into Russian through other languages reflecting ancient traditions of trials by ordeal. Trials by &quot;fire and water&quot; is a popular subject, which can be googled to find a ton of references. The brass part sounds original but it also came from ancient tradition, particularly Egyptian cult of Isis. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://library.uoregon.edu/ec/e-asia/read/heckethorn-1.pdf&quot;&gt;this reference&lt;/a&gt; to Heckerthorn's &quot;The Secret Societies of All Ages and Countries (1897)&quot; book, pp.72-73. He describes the trials by fire, water and air (in correct order). The air part includes the brass rings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think in the Russian namesake movie, and in modern understanding &quot;brass pipes&quot; became &quot;trumpets&quot; completely changing the meaning of the last part from an ordeal to &quot;fame&quot;. I think that this substitution happened relatively recently, maybe in past 50 years. Also, say 100 years ago, the meaning of the whole idiom had a negative connotation, which is lost these days. It used to refer to a shrewd person, who can get his way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-04-21T15:23:24.467" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4368" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4375" CreationDate="2014-04-21T23:12:52.317" Score="5" ViewCount="1118" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since childhood I instinctively knew if an English word that ends with &quot;-tion&quot; will have a translation into Russian ending with &quot;-ция&quot;. There are some more pairs such as this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Moderation - Модерация&#xA;Administration - Администрация&#xA;Transformation - Трансформация&#xA;Provocation - Провокация&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there such a rule that English loanwords ending with &quot;-tion&quot; will have a Russian counterpart ending with &quot;-ция&quot;? What other such translation rules there are, if any?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-04-22T13:40:05.870" LastActivityDate="2020-05-14T15:11:10.523" Title="Is the ending &quot;-ция&quot; specific to loanwords from English?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;суффиксы&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4368" CreationDate="2014-04-21T23:36:59.870" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not English, it's also French and other languages which have words with Latin suffix -tio. It became  -sion -tion in these languages. Russian probably borrowed directly from Latin, hence ция without &quot;n&quot; at the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-04-21T23:36:59.870" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4370" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4373" CreationDate="2014-04-22T03:04:57.057" Score="6" ViewCount="969" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Прошлой зимой я поехал в Москву. Я долетел/прилетел на самолёте&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am confused about which one to use &lt;strong&gt;долетел&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;прилетел&lt;/strong&gt; my resources tell me that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;прилететь&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;совер.&lt;/em&gt; - 1) arrive (by air), fly in |&#xA;                         2) fly, come flying&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;долететь&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;совер.&lt;/em&gt; - fly (to, as far as); reach; be wafted (to)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure which one to use, my brain is telling me to use &lt;code&gt;прилетел&lt;/code&gt;but that is just based on my very limited experience with Russian.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English I want to be saying &quot;Last winter I went to Moscow. I flew by plane.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3691" LastActivityDate="2014-05-08T17:11:15.223" Title="Долетел VS. Прилетел" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4370" CreationDate="2014-04-22T04:16:49.660" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Grammatically, they are both alright, but actually, saying &quot;by plane&quot; already means that you &quot;flew&quot;, you can say &quot;Прошлой зимой я летал/слетал в Москву&quot;; in case you want to use 2 sentences you'd better say &quot;Прошлой зимой я побывал('ve been) в Москве. Я добрался(got, arrived) на самолете&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3615" LastActivityDate="2014-04-22T04:16:49.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4370" CreationDate="2014-04-22T07:11:56.430" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually both variants are grammatically correct, but the meaning is slightly different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я прилетел на самолете&lt;/strong&gt; simply means that you arrived. By saying &quot;прилетел&quot; you don't want to focus on the transport you have used.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;By saying &lt;strong&gt;Я добрался на самолете&lt;/strong&gt; you are focusing on the fact that you have managed to reach your destination by using plane. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You want to use second case either because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You want to say that there were no other possibilities to reach that point&lt;/strong&gt;: &quot;В этот край таёжный / только самолетом можно долететь&quot; - In this Soviet song it is said that to get to taiga (nothern forest) you have no other option but to use a plane.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Or maybe &lt;strong&gt;you planned to use some other transport&lt;/strong&gt;, but because of the different reasons it was not possible and you had to improvise. As a result you have managed to buy tickets on the plane and finally you got to the Moscow by plane: &quot;Поезда не ходили. Пришлось сдать билеты и ехать в аэропорт. До Москвы я добрался на самолете&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You wanted &lt;strong&gt;to get as far as possible&lt;/strong&gt; and you managed to reach Moscow by using plane: &quot;На самолете нам удалось добраться аж до Москвы&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-04-22T07:11:56.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4370" CreationDate="2014-04-22T08:56:06.460" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both are possible and are fine. Also, &quot;добрался&quot; is possible, as mentioned in Artemix's and Herokiller's answers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you ask me how I would say it as a native speaker - I would say &quot;добрался&quot;. More specifically, I would say: &quot;Я добрался туда на самолёте&quot;. &quot;Туда&quot; (there, to that place) is not mandatory, but it sounds better that way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe I can say something about the slight difference between прилетел/долетел/добрался:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you say прилетел - it's more like &quot;I came/arrived (using an air transport) there by plane&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you say долетел - it's more like &quot;I made it to there (to Moscow) by plane&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With Добрался it has the same translation as with долетел, but долетел can be used onlywith air transport, and Добрался can be used with any means of travelling: car, train, plane, boat, even on foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Motion words with до- prefix have this sliiight shadow of meaning that you arrived and arrived &lt;strong&gt;successfully&lt;/strong&gt;. For example, when I arrive somewhere by plane, I send an SMS to my family saying: &quot;Я долетел&quot;. That way I slightly stress the fact that I made it by plane without accidents, in other words, that I didn't crash. 8)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same works with приплыл/доплыл (if you're sailing), приехал/доехал (if you're driving or riding public transport or train), пришёл/дошёл (if you're on foot)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1475" LastActivityDate="2014-04-22T08:56:06.460" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4368" CreationDate="2014-04-23T15:03:01.730" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;These words can also be translated as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;модерирование&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;администрирование&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;трансформирование&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;провоцирование&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case they would mean the process connected with this english noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3777" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-04-23T15:39:23.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4368" CreationDate="2014-04-23T15:53:39.863" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will agree with Aksakal, that many words ending in -ция have probably been imported from Latin or French. Although модерация might be imported from English, since it is a relatively new word used mostly in the internet and IT.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answering your question. No, not all words are translated by this rule. Many words do have such a counterpart, and the ones you mentioned are totally okay, along with many others. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But let's take, for example, &quot;motion&quot;. In Russian it is &quot;движение&quot;, and if you say &quot;моция&quot;, I doubt anybody will understand you, this word doesn't really exist in Russian language. Same for &quot;notion&quot;. Or &quot;contribution&quot;. Or &quot;contamination&quot;. But &quot;emotion&quot; translates as &quot;эмоция&quot;, and it's perfectly fine. 8)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing to note is that some words have such counterparts, but a Russian counterpart means a different thing in Russian language, or it may mean the same thing, but only in secondary/tertiary/whatever meaning, while it's &lt;strong&gt;primary&lt;/strong&gt; meaning is different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &quot;pollution&quot;. The primary English meaning is &quot;a contamination (of the environment, for example)&quot; while the meaning of &quot;wet-dream&quot; is secondary. &quot;Поллюция&quot; has it vice versa. When we hear &quot;Поллюция&quot;, we first think of &quot;wet dream&quot;, and barely anybody (except for linguistically literate people) will think of it as &quot;a contamination of the environment&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or let's take &quot;action&quot;. It is some activity/act/deed. &quot;Акция&quot; can have these meanings (&quot;акция протеста&quot; - &quot;protest action&quot;), but it's more widely used meanings are &quot;a share of stock in a company&quot; and &quot;a sale or a special offer in a shop&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to sum it up: yes, there are very many words that can be translated by the rule you stated. But this rule doesn't officially exist, because there are also many words that either cannot be translated that way or that have different meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1475" LastEditorUserId="4753" LastEditDate="2016-09-17T22:54:37.827" LastActivityDate="2016-09-17T22:54:37.827" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4377" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-24T16:45:23.720" Score="5" ViewCount="568" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;The money screamed across the wires, its provenance fading in a maze&#xA;  of electronic transfers, which shifted it, hid it, broke it up into&#xA;  manageable wads which would be withdrawn and redeposited elsewhere,&#xA;  obliterating the trail.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://projects.exeter.ac.uk/RDavies/arian/emoney.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://projects.exeter.ac.uk/RDavies/arian/emoney.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My version:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Деньги потерялись в проводах, это произошло затухая в лабиринте&#xA;  электронных переводов, которые заменили их, спрятали их, разбили их на&#xA;  дрессированные шматы, которые будут выведены и передепонированны&#xA;  где-нибудь в другом месте, что бы стереть следы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What can be refined?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2496" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-11T08:19:43.643" LastActivityDate="2014-06-11T08:19:43.643" Title="Translation question, from English to Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2017-10-05T14:19:20.547" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4341" CreationDate="2014-04-24T17:18:18.510" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say &quot;ПО с открытым исходным кодом&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3785" LastActivityDate="2014-04-24T17:18:18.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4377" CreationDate="2014-04-24T17:46:40.063" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Деньги звенели в проводах, их происхождение терялось в лабиринте электронных переводов, которые переместили их, спрятали и разбили на управляемые части, которые могут быть бесследно выведены или внесены на новый депозит где угодно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say something like this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Manageable wads - some pieces which could be managed by some manager, &quot;управляемые части&quot; (or &quot;управляемые пачки&quot;) but &quot;пачка&quot; is alsway cash, so i`d say here &quot;часть&quot; - piece.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="846" LastActivityDate="2014-04-24T17:46:40.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4377" CreationDate="2014-04-25T03:54:17.760" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Деньги со свистом разлетались по проводам, информация об их источнике быстро терялась в лабиринте электронных денежных переводов. Деньги изменялись ими, скрывались и разделялись на части, которые впоследствии незаметно обналичивались или отправлялись на счёта в других местах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a pretty complex sentence, and translating it &quot;word-for-word&quot; is not an option. So, I allowed myself to be loose in my translation. Maybe I didn't understand everything in this sentence properly, so I'm open for corrections.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The money screamed across the wires&lt;/strong&gt; - I guess that means they flew into and spread around the network at a tremendous speed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;its provenance fading in a maze of electronic transfers&lt;/strong&gt; - So, the information about the source of this money was getting lost due to numerous transactions. Источник - source. I might also say вкладчик (depositor, a person who deposited the money), but that is not as precise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then I started a second sentence, because in one sentence it looks pretty overloaded. It's okay to split a sentence into several during translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Деньги изменялись ими, скрывались и разделялись на части,&lt;/strong&gt; - In my opinion, using passive voice is less confusing here, so it's like &quot;Money were changed(shifted) by them, were hidden and split into parts&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;manageable wads&lt;/strong&gt; - I dropped &quot;manageable&quot;, because the context already suggests that. The source sentence, from a perspective of a Russian-speaker, is overloaded with descriptions, so some of them may be dropped, or else the resulting translation will be overloaded and hard to comprehend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;obliterating the trail&lt;/strong&gt; - I replaced it with &quot;незаметно&quot;(sneakily,without trace, un-noticeably )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;которые впоследствии незаметно обналичивались или отправлялись на счёта в других местах&lt;/strong&gt; - again, passive voice. In the original we have future in the past. Classically it would be translated using future tense in Russian, but here I put &quot;впоследствии&quot; (afterwards) and used past tense, so it suggests that these actions(withdrawal and redeposit) were performed in the past after some other action that took place before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm really not sure about this last one. If the original went like &quot;which &lt;strong&gt;could&lt;/strong&gt; be withdrawn&quot;, I would simply translate it as &quot;которые впоследствии можно было незаметно обналичить или отправить на счёта в других местах&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT 1: I can be even more loose&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разлетаясь со свистом по проводам и теряя информацию о своём вкладчике, деньги быстро скрывались в лабиринте денежных переводов, меняли форму, разбивались на мелкие пачки, которые потом незаметно выводились или отправлялись на счета в других местах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1475" LastEditorUserId="1475" LastEditDate="2014-04-25T04:01:44.140" LastActivityDate="2014-04-25T04:01:44.140" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4291" CreationDate="2014-04-25T07:44:16.970" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No special term is used. It's just normal form (нормальная форма), or initial form, base form of word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1572" LastActivityDate="2014-04-25T07:44:16.970" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4291" CreationDate="2014-04-25T14:39:21.993" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Middle, normal form&quot; is called &quot;начальная форма&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3769" LastActivityDate="2014-04-25T14:39:21.993" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2904" CreationDate="2014-04-25T15:52:02.463" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just used it in &quot;склизкая мякоть хлеба&quot; meaning something in between &quot;скользкий&quot; and &quot;слизь&quot;-)) And was very surprised to find that word to exist) May be it was spoken in Smolensk, were i spent my childhood 30 years ago. However it's posible, that this word is reinvented every time, cause it's juicy))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3788" LastEditorUserId="3788" LastEditDate="2014-04-25T15:57:22.183" LastActivityDate="2014-04-25T15:57:22.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4385" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4387" CreationDate="2014-04-26T01:16:49.600" Score="1" ViewCount="506" Body="&lt;p&gt;Порядковые числительные, оканчивающийся на &lt;code&gt;-сотый&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-тысячный&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-милионный&lt;/code&gt; и т.д., пишутся &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/class/coach/tbgramota/45_110&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;слитно&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://saassl.at.tut.by/Book/index66.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Составные числительные пишутся раздельно, имея столько слов, сколько в числе значащих цифр, не считая нулей (ПЯТЬСОТ ДВАДЦАТЬ ТРИ. ПЯТЬСОТ ДВАДЦАТЬ ТРЕТИЙ). Однако порядковые числительные, оканчивающиеся на -ТЫСЯЧНЫЙ, -МИЛЛИОННЫЙ, -МИЛЛИАРДНЫЙ пишутся слитно (СТОТЫСЯЧНЫЙ, ДВУХСОТТРИДЦАТИПЯТИМИЛЛИАРДНЫЙ).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возникает резонный вопрос: до какой части пишется все слитно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;сто двадцать три миллиона четырёхсотпятидесятишеститысячный&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;стодвадцатитрёхмиллионогочетырёхсотпятидесятишеститысячный&quot;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или другие варианты?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="286" LastEditorUserId="286" LastEditDate="2014-04-27T02:21:46.760" LastActivityDate="2014-04-27T02:21:46.760" Title="123456000-й словами" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4353" CreationDate="2014-04-26T09:53:58.740" Score="1" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;двадцатиодномиллионный&#xA;двадцатиоднотысячный&#xA;стооднотысячный&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Во всех Ваших примерах проблема в единице. Как я понимаю, практически нереально найти какое-нибудь строгое правило на этот счет, но в одном &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5#441&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;источнике&lt;/a&gt;, на мой взгляд, заслуживающем доверия, пишут:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Большинство таких прилагательных образуется от формы родительного&#xA;  падежа количественных числительных. &lt;em&gt;Сто&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;девяносто&lt;/em&gt; (а также &lt;em&gt;много&lt;/em&gt;)&#xA;  выступают в форме именительного падежа: &lt;em&gt;столетний&lt;/em&gt;,&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;девяностодвухлетний&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;многоцелевой&lt;/em&gt;. Первая часть сложных&#xA;  прилагательных, образованных от &lt;em&gt;один&lt;/em&gt;, имеет вид &lt;em&gt;одно-&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;однопролётный&lt;/em&gt;,&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;односоставный&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;lt;…&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;двухтысячный&#xA;двадцатипятитысячный&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(от родительного падежа &lt;em&gt;двух&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;двадцатипяти&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;стотысячный&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(от именительного падежа &lt;em&gt;сто&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;однотысячный&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(от &lt;em&gt;одно-&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1717" LastEditorUserId="1717" LastEditDate="2014-04-26T10:00:37.713" LastActivityDate="2014-04-26T10:00:37.713" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4385" CreationDate="2014-04-26T11:43:29.390" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Насколько я знаю, и, если предположить, что вы написали в заголовке именно то, что имели в виду, ваше числительное, вынесенное в заголовок, является неправильным, даже будучи количественным, или вы просто неверно его записали: нет таких числительных, как '*сто двадцать три тысячи четыреста пятьдесят шесть тысяч'. Это звучит как пресловутое 'стопятьсот'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если же вы имеете в виду число 123 456 000 (сто двадцать три миллиона четыреста пятьдесят шесть тысяч), то порядковое числительное от него образуется легко, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramma.ru/RUS/?id=4.30&quot;&gt;по обычным правилам&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;сто двадцать три миллиона четырёхсотпятидесятишеститысячный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Всё слитно пишется до того разряда, к которому относятся последние тройки нулей, в данном случае это тысячи, поэтому количество тысяч (456) пишется слитно, а всё, что больше - раздельно. Если бы мы имели дело с числом 123 456 000 000, то тут уже количество миллионов будет писаться слитно, а миллиардов - раздельно:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;сто двадцать три миллиарда четырёхсотпятидесятишестимиллионный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И, соответственно, в числе 123 456 789 000 опять таки слитно будет писаться количество тысяч (789), поскольку тут всего одна тройка нулей, тысячи:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;сто двадцать три миллиарда четыреста пятьдесят шесть миллионов семисотвосьмидесятидевятитысячный &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-04-26T11:43:29.390" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4388" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4389" CreationDate="2014-04-26T17:40:45.067" Score="5" ViewCount="1370" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems like they both mean &quot;which.&quot;  I know the combination of такой (же)…какой implies similarity, so is that the basic difference?  In other words, does using какой over который in a sentence imply some sort of similarity in the things being discussed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2220" LastActivityDate="2014-04-27T12:05:04.827" Title="What is the difference between using который or какой?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4388" CreationDate="2014-04-26T18:29:21.703" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Который&amp;quot; is used when there is a specific set of objects, and you want to choose one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Который&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Какой по порядку, по счёту?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Какой именно, какой из нескольких? отт. Кто именно, кто из нескольких?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Употребляется как союзное слово, присоединяя изъяснительные и определительные придаточные предложения.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it is possible to answer &amp;quot;- Который тебе понравился? - Первый&amp;quot;. Or &amp;quot;- Который? - Этот&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;- Здесь есть синий, красный и фиолетовый плащи. Который тебе понравился? - Синий.&amp;quot; Note that in the last example the &amp;quot;blue one&amp;quot; is one of the possible choices.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Какой&amp;quot; is more abstract - this is a question about some qualities:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;КАКО́Й&lt;/strong&gt;, какая, какое, мест. 1. вопросительное. Обозначает вопрос о качестве и свойстве. К какому выводу вы пришли? Какой ваш любимый цвет? Какая сегодня погода?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically &amp;quot;какой&amp;quot; in many cases can be used instead of &amp;quot;который&amp;quot;, but &amp;quot;который&amp;quot; always means that there is a set of possible options, while answering on &amp;quot;какой&amp;quot; you may talk about imaginary things or about options that are currently not present.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Какой смартфон бы ты купил?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Я бы купил смартфон, который можно неделю не заряжать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Higstaker mentioned in comment, the 3rd meaning that both &amp;quot;which&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;который&amp;quot; have in common, but is not present in &amp;quot;какой&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;союзное слово, присоединяя изъяснительные и определительные придаточные предложения&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Smartphone &lt;strong&gt;which&lt;/strong&gt; costs less. = Смартфон &lt;strong&gt;который&lt;/strong&gt; стоит меньше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A comission was created &lt;strong&gt;which&lt;/strong&gt; began to investigate the accident. = Создана комиссия, &lt;strong&gt;которая&lt;/strong&gt; приступила к расследованию обстоятельств катастрофы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You cannot use &amp;quot;какая&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;какой&amp;quot; in these examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-04-27T12:05:04.827" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4390" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4391" CreationDate="2014-04-27T01:51:11.730" Score="4" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found this definition located on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lingvo-online.ru/en/Translate/ru-en/%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;AbbyyLingvo&lt;/a&gt;, and was curious to how to use it in a reflexive manner. For example, if I wanted to say, &quot;I am withdrawing myself from the situation&quot; would I simple say, using вынимать, &quot;Я вынимаю себя из ситуации?&quot; Or could I use a 'ся' ending, &quot;Я вынимаюсь из ситуации?&quot; Or how could you say, &quot;The government is 'withdrawing/pulling out' of the war?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes I am confused as to when I can use a a reflexive verb or 'себя.' I wanted to say, &quot;I cannot express myself correctly in Russian,&quot; and a native speaker said I could say, &quot;Я не могу выражать себя правильно на русском&quot; or &quot;Я не могу выражаться правильно на русском,&quot; both of which carry the same meaning. Which one is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вынимать  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(что-л.) несовер. - вынимать; совер. - вынуть take out, pull out;&#xA;  extract (извлекать); draw out (деньги из банка и т. п. || money from&#xA;  bank, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(ленту) unload, (напр., разъём из гнезда) unplug&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;withdraw&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;take out&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="993" LastActivityDate="2014-04-28T00:20:59.990" Title="How to reflexively use the verb вынимать?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4390" CreationDate="2014-04-27T05:07:37.607" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;I am withdrawing myself from the situation&quot; - вынимать is not the best word here. Вытаскивать is better in this particular example. Also, neither has have a reflexive form (well, you can make it, but it would sound weird or/and funny 8) ). &quot;Я вытаскиваю себя из этой ситуации&quot; sounds more Russian. We are kinda dragging or pulling ourselves from tricky situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=2&amp;amp;l2=1&amp;amp;s=%E2%FB%F2%E0%F1%EA%E8%E2%E0%F2%FC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Вытаскивать&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=2&amp;amp;l2=1&amp;amp;s=%E2%FB%F2%FF%E3%E8%E2%E0%F2%FC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;вытягиваю&lt;/a&gt; себя из этой ситуации&quot; - also possible, more slang.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=2&amp;amp;l2=1&amp;amp;s=%E2%FB%E1%E8%F0%E0%F2%FC%F1%FF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;выбираюсь&lt;/a&gt; из этой ситуации&quot; - an example with reflexive verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=2&amp;amp;l2=1&amp;amp;s=%E2%FB%F5%EE%E4%E8%F2%FC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;выхожу&lt;/a&gt; из этой ситуации&quot; - an example without reflexive words or endings&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=2&amp;amp;l2=1&amp;amp;s=%E2%FB%EB%E5%E7%E0%F2%FC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;вылезаю&lt;/a&gt; из этой ситуации&quot; - more colloquial/slang&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;The government is 'withdrawing/pulling out' of the war&quot; - in this example, &quot;выйти из войны&quot;  could work, especially if you mean a country. &lt;a href=&quot;http://wordweb.ru/history_ww2/50_02.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://wordweb.ru/history_ww2/50_02.htm&lt;/a&gt; the title of this article is &quot;An attempt for Finland to pull out of the war&quot;. Your example would be something like: &quot;Правительство вышло из войны&quot;. Though, it sounds a bit strange to me, because we usually mean the country pulling out of the war, not specifically it's government. So, with a loose translation, I would say &quot;Страна вышла из войны&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I cannot express myself correctly in Russian&quot; - both are possible, though it is better to use a reflexive verb here, &quot;выражать себя&quot; - is a bit lyrical. &quot;Я не могу правильно выражаться по-русски/на русском&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A little remark on &quot;can&quot; here. You may say &quot;Я не умею правильно выражаться по-русски/на русском&quot; and it would mean that you cannot express yourself correctly &lt;strong&gt;because you haven't learned how to do that yet&lt;/strong&gt;. This would sound a bit better because that way you suggest that you are learning Russian and trying to express yourself correctly, and that gives you more respect. You can add &quot;ещё/пока ещё&quot; (still/for now) to make it even more naturally sounding. &quot;Я пока ещё не умею правильно выражаться по-русски&quot; - sounds pretty natural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1475" LastEditorUserId="1475" LastEditDate="2014-04-27T05:21:48.183" LastActivityDate="2014-04-27T05:21:48.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4390" CreationDate="2014-04-27T12:50:01.400" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вынимать&lt;/code&gt; 'to take out' is used for taking out a material object from a material container, no way using it while talking about situations, wars, governments, banks, or anything that abstract. The same goes about its reflexive counterpart, &lt;code&gt;выниматься&lt;/code&gt; 'to be [able to be] taken out'. You can use this verb to talk about taking a handkerchief out of the pocket, fingers out of one's mouth, a plug from a socket, a memory card from a card-reader, a photo from your album, a $100 bill out of your wallet, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-04-27T12:50:01.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4393" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-27T16:29:08.817" Score="3" ViewCount="337" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found an old friend at an social mediawebsite and I want to contact the person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to somehow say something like: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;You are her too? Interesting.....&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I want to have this in a somehow nice fashion. So if I am already not happy with the english version. I somehow want to express that I was surprised to see the person here again and I want to state that I am POSITIVE suprised and that this is interesting. So I do not want the other person to have negative feeling. So it is important that it has a positive friendly sound. Maybe also somehow a funny version would be ok. I am not a russian pro and this is way to hard for me, my (likely wrong) try would be something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;дю Ош иерархи? круто :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&#xA;I further want to add that I think that this person should not have any problems getting in touch with other persons (high social proof well looking). The profile of the person states that he searches for new friends. I also want to imply that I think he shouldn't have any problems to get to know other people in a large city where he lives. So as a compliment. As sweet-talk so that the person is positive tempered and likley response.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;english somehow: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You shouldn't have any problems getting in touch with other people here in xxxxx :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not like this, because I fear that this could be sarcastic. I do not want the risk that he understands it as sarcasm! So how can I express this in russian without risking sarcasm? My basic russian is way too bad, &lt;em&gt;please help&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3794" LastEditorUserId="3794" LastEditDate="2014-04-27T16:42:51.387" LastActivityDate="2014-04-28T00:18:11.480" Title="How to state this correctly in Russian with the correct intention?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4394" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4398" CreationDate="2014-04-28T00:06:54.040" Score="2" ViewCount="249" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a demonym in Russian for a citizen of Saint Kitts and Nevis? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2014-04-30T07:38:41.663" Title="A possible Russian demonym for a citizen of Saint Kitts and Nevis?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4394" CreationDate="2014-04-28T00:13:16.970" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For complex country name like this, it is usually &quot;житель Сент-Китс и Невиса&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1604" LastActivityDate="2014-04-28T00:13:16.970" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4393" CreationDate="2014-04-28T00:18:11.480" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometime simplicity is best - О! Какой приятный сюрприз! Рад видеть... By the way, slang meaning of &lt;em&gt;cool&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;opposite&lt;/strong&gt; of Russian &lt;em&gt;прохладно&lt;/em&gt; (прохладно means lukewarm; not cool)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1604" LastActivityDate="2014-04-28T00:18:11.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4394" CreationDate="2014-04-28T06:44:58.700" Score="8" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Из всего многообразия русских суффиксов для образования этнохоронимов (&lt;em&gt;-як&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-ат&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-ич&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-лянин&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-чанин&lt;/em&gt; и т. д.) с английскими топонимами используется &lt;em&gt;-ец&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;бирмингемец&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;бостонец&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;оттавец&lt;/em&gt; и т. д.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Жители местностей с названиями вида &lt;em&gt;сущ. и cущ.&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Босния и Герцеговина&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Тринидад и Тобаго&lt;/em&gt;,  вполне могут именоваться только по первому слову: &lt;em&gt;боснийцы&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;тринидадцы&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Дефис при образовании этнохоронима не сохраняется: &lt;em&gt;ньюйоркец&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;санпаулец&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отсюда возможным названием жителя Сент-Китс и Невиса является &lt;em&gt;сентки́тсец&lt;/em&gt;. Если это слово кажется труднопроизносимым, то прежде чем сдаться можно вспомнить, что Кит — это диминутив от Кристофор и Saint Christopher and Nevis — все еще &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gov.kn/&quot;&gt;официальное название&lt;/a&gt; этого государства, и поздравить Павла Дурова с тем, что он стал &lt;em&gt;сенткристофо́рцем&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastActivityDate="2014-04-28T06:44:58.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4399" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4394" CreationDate="2014-04-30T06:57:26.663" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Even if you use the right suffix, it will not sound natural in Russian. It is hard to pronounce, the country is not very widely-known in Russia, and a Russian speaker will just get stuck thinking of the right name of the place where the person you're talking about lives. Thus, I suggest using the words &quot;житель&quot;, &quot;резидент&quot;: житель Сент-Китс и Невис.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule says that toponyms which end up with a consonant are not declined in the Russian language as well as compound toponyms: Сент-Китс.&#xA;Сент-КитсА и НевисА would sound okay if it was widely-used in Russian as, for example, Washington: житель ВашингтонА (everyone has heard about Washington).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3802" LastEditorUserId="3802" LastEditDate="2014-04-30T07:38:41.663" LastActivityDate="2014-04-30T07:38:41.663" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4273" CreationDate="2014-04-30T07:03:27.550" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lib.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://lib.ru/&lt;/a&gt; has a wide range of books by classic and modern authors. Mainly fiction and no periodicals though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3802" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2014-05-27T13:42:20.220" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T13:42:20.220" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2904" CreationDate="2014-04-30T07:46:41.020" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, 'склизкий' is definitely used in the meaning of covered with a thin layer of slim and, thus, giving an unpleasant feeling when being touched. Although, talking about a slippery road, for example, it is never used. Instead it is better to use the word 'скользкий'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3802" LastActivityDate="2014-04-30T07:46:41.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4356" CreationDate="2014-04-30T16:27:21.237" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a reminiscent of two very old constructions. First, the long periods of times were counted by &amp;quot;summers&amp;quot;, i.e. in medieval annals. There we read something like &amp;quot;Лета от сотворения мира ХХXX,...&amp;quot;, i.e. &amp;quot;In the 'summer' XXXX from The Creation of the World...&amp;quot;. The other distinctive feature of Russian language is a different paradigm for forming of plurals for the cardinals that end with 2,3,4 (which, according to some hypotheses, reflects a stage of a proto-language that still had no cardinals greater than 5, but this then should have been some Pre-Proto-Indoeuropean language then). Thus, &amp;quot;четрыре кота&amp;quot; (singular genitive) but &amp;quot;пять котов&amp;quot; (plural genitive). The form &amp;quot;лет&amp;quot; is thus a fossilized form that preserves older (possibly Church-Slavonic) norm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3803" LastEditorUserId="15351" LastEditDate="2021-01-23T21:17:55.660" LastActivityDate="2021-01-23T21:17:55.660" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4403" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-04-30T18:32:20.180" Score="8" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need to put a comma in this phrase &quot;Исходя из этого можно понять(,) насколько сложно...&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3804" LastActivityDate="2014-05-01T07:05:11.403" Title="Do I need to put a comma?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4404" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4403" CreationDate="2014-04-30T19:12:04.867" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you have to put a comma in this phrase  because the clause, introduced by &quot;насколько&quot; needs a comma, being a separate close with a subject and a predicate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="267" LastEditDate="2014-05-01T07:05:11.403" LastActivityDate="2014-05-01T07:05:11.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4403" CreationDate="2014-05-01T03:41:44.570" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, &lt;em&gt;two&lt;/em&gt; commas must be put in this sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Исходя из этого, можно понять, насколько сложно... .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first comma is because phrases introduced by the preposition &lt;code&gt;исходя из&lt;/code&gt; are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/punctum/58_248&quot;&gt;separated by commas&lt;/a&gt; if they are not a part of the predicate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second comma is because clauses  introduced by &lt;code&gt;насколько&lt;/code&gt; are separated by commas in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-05-01T03:41:44.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="777" CreationDate="2014-05-01T08:07:59.560" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кто-то открыл дверь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Somebody opened the door (and the door is still open).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кто-то открывал дверь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Somebody had opened the door (maybe several times), but now the door is closed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The door has been opened at least once during the time period in question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-05-01T08:07:59.560" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4407" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4408" CreationDate="2014-05-02T02:34:04.980" Score="6" ViewCount="581" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that the title is a little weird, sorry about that. The thing is that one day I asked my russian instructor, who's russian, how to pronounce Kolmogorov in russian (because it has too many o's) and she told me that is &lt;em&gt;Холмогóров&lt;/em&gt;, but in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wiki article&lt;/a&gt; says that his name is &lt;em&gt;Колмогóров&lt;/em&gt;, why is this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1770" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:24:55.423" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T12:24:55.423" Title="What's Kolmogorov's russian name?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;ономастика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4407" CreationDate="2014-05-02T14:03:01.237" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your Russian teacher was not a mathematician, so she probably guessed that the name is &quot;kholmogorov&quot;, as there is a Russian word &quot;kholm&quot; meaning a hill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct name is Kolmogorov, and you pronounce it roughly as &quot;Kalmagoraf&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-05-02T14:03:01.237" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4409" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4414" CreationDate="2014-05-04T13:33:53.467" Score="4" ViewCount="295" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed that my Russian-speaking Canadian friends who left Russia before the Internet era always say &quot;&lt;em&gt;моя&lt;/em&gt; сайт&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;красивая&lt;/em&gt; сайт&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;People in Russia say &quot;&lt;em&gt;мой&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Same I hear from Russians in Israel. Not sure about USA guys.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What could make people think that &quot;site&quot; is &quot;&lt;em&gt;она&lt;/em&gt;&quot;? One friend said: &quot;Construction Site&quot; is an &quot;area&quot;, &quot;zone&quot; - those words are &quot;она&quot; in Russian. Is that the correct association?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Added on 14-05-05:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.shashki.com/PNphpBB2-printview-t-197-start-60.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.shashki.com/PNphpBB2-printview-t-197-start-60.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2446" LastEditorUserId="2446" LastEditDate="2014-05-05T11:00:52.167" LastActivityDate="2014-05-05T13:13:46.977" Title="&quot;Website&quot;: in Russia they say &quot;Мой сайт&quot;. In Canada many say &quot;Моя сайт&quot;... Wonder why" Tags="&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4409" CreationDate="2014-05-04T15:05:47.737" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a difficult question as there is no one definite association for this word. It may be &quot;area&quot; or &quot;zone&quot; (feminine gender), but for me &quot;site&quot; is more like &quot;page&quot; / &quot;web page&quot; (feminine gender in Russian too).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1758" LastActivityDate="2014-05-04T15:05:47.737" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4411" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4445" CreationDate="2014-05-04T18:00:46.543" Score="15" ViewCount="3210" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to say &quot;email&quot; with a single word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3769" LastEditorUserId="3769" LastEditDate="2014-05-22T20:37:23.573" LastActivityDate="2015-03-11T09:53:33.623" Title="verb &quot;email&quot; in russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4411" CreationDate="2014-05-04T20:38:57.197" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Послать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Has he &lt;strong&gt;emailed&lt;/strong&gt; you that list of addresses yet?&lt;/em&gt; Он тебе &lt;strong&gt;послал&lt;/strong&gt; список адресов?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3566" LastActivityDate="2014-05-04T20:38:57.197" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4409" CreationDate="2014-05-05T10:00:50.560" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Counting сайт as feminine is grammatically incorrect and contrary to the rules and paradigms. Among inanimate nouns only those ending with -а/-я or -ь can be feminine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-05-05T12:49:09.663" LastActivityDate="2014-05-05T12:49:09.663" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4409" CreationDate="2014-05-05T11:30:18.733" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;(Initially it was a guess, but then @tivnet found a proof from US speaker)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is that the word &lt;strong&gt;сайт&lt;/strong&gt; (site) was used &quot;as is&quot; in Russian-speaking Canadian community before it was borrowed in Russian language and become widely accepted word. I mean that it was used as &quot;purely English&quot; word that has no Russian counterpart (like &quot;Я вчера на сейле купил большой пэк пива с большим дискаунтом!&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it could be used as a shorter word than &quot;домашняя страница&quot; (or &quot;веб-страница&quot;) which was used in 1990-ies and the feminine gender sticked to it at those times. Now when &quot;сайт&quot; is accepted in Russian, the feminine form already existed and continues to be used though &quot;сайт&quot; become a masculine word. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now when @tivnet have found a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.shashki.com/PNphpBB2-printview-t-197-start-60.html&quot;&gt;proof&lt;/a&gt; I will cite the US poster.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original post contained the following line:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сайт не велика по объёму, но сделана с любовью и функциональна. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The poster later describes why he used feminine gender:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;когда я использовал слово &quot;сайт&quot;, я имел в виду его перевод на русский язык - &quot;страница&quot;, которое женского рода. А что, существует сегодня такое самостоятельное слово в русском языке - &quot;сайт&quot; ? В моё время, 13 лет назад, его не было. Также как &quot;юзер&quot; (по русски - пользователь) и массу других слов. Когда я использовал слово &quot;сайт - я думал, что это обыкновенное жаргонное загрязнение, но я при этом не один и не первый !&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;alemo - Май 06, 2004&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Note that 13 years before 2004 is 1991)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you can see that many people use &quot;сайт&quot; as English word and they don't even know that Russian language has already included it in its vocabulary. I think this is very similar to your Canadian friends who left the Russia before сайт become a Russian word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've read somewhere that when people cannot recall the proper word they nevertheless can describe the word's gender, and many other characteristics but not the word itself. For example, talking about traffic accident the speaker can forget the proper word for a car, but finds it just when the word is needed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не заметил эту... - как это по-русски?.. - car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &quot;Car&quot; sounds masculine, but in fact it just substitutes the proper word - машина, which is feminine. So all the words in the sentence support the feminine gender, while the used word doesn't sounds the proper way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-05-05T13:13:46.977" LastActivityDate="2014-05-05T13:13:46.977" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4411" CreationDate="2014-05-05T14:11:15.267" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can suggest a jargon word &quot;Намыльте&quot; for &quot;email&quot; as a verb, here's &lt;a href=&quot;https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/relcom.games/cDIA35wvAlo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an example of usage&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Намыльте коды для Duke. Plssss&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's from jargon word &quot;мыло&quot; for email. A verb is not used as much as a noun though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sostav.ru/news/2008/02/06/r3vopr/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Google used&lt;/a&gt; the jargon word in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gbs.com.ua/ru/company/articles/253.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gmail promotion&lt;/a&gt; in 2008. &#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/c355m.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="3595" LastEditDate="2014-05-11T19:24:25.010" LastActivityDate="2014-05-11T19:24:25.010" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4416" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4418" CreationDate="2014-05-05T14:27:34.087" Score="4" ViewCount="513" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но когда пришли братья Его, тогда и Он пришел на праздник не явно, а как бы тайно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Whats &lt;em&gt;как бы&lt;/em&gt; doing in this sentence (as in function)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Would it be possible to leave it out, without changing the meaning? And/Or if it would be let out, what would be changed by it?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What would be a typical example for when to use &lt;em&gt;как бы&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-05-07T21:44:11.443" Title="Usage of &quot;как бы&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;conjunctions&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4416" CreationDate="2014-05-05T15:00:17.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;как бы&amp;quot; can be translated as &amp;quot;as if&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;sort of&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your example can be trnaslated as &amp;quot;...He came to the celebration not openly, but as if secretly&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for a typical example, here is one from Tutchev:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Люблю грозу в начале мая,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда весенний, первый гром,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Как бы&lt;/strong&gt; резвяся и играя,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Грохочет в небе голубом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-05-05T15:00:17.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4416" CreationDate="2014-05-05T15:01:10.107" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can be thrown away if it is used as &quot;parasite&quot; word (which is quite common nowadays - meaning is similar to &quot;kinda&quot; or &quot;like&quot;). But not in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Efremova dictionary states that &lt;strong&gt;Как бы&lt;/strong&gt;  is used as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I союз&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  1.&#xA;  Употребляется при присоединении члена предложения со значением условно-предположительного сравнения, соответствуя по значению сл.: как будто.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.&#xA;  Употребляется при присоединении члена предложения или придаточной части сложноподчиненного предложения со значением сравнения (которое представляется недостоверным), соответствуя по значению сл.: как бы, будто бы, как если бы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;II част.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Употребляется при выражении предположительности, условности высказывания, соответствуя по значению сл.: будто, будто бы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think in your example it is conjunction that means &quot;as if&quot;. So the meaning here is that &quot;He&quot; did not visit the celebration officially, but he did come without drawing attention to his presence. Though he did not really made a secret from his coming. Omitting &quot;как бы&quot;  here would mean that he did tried to be unnoticed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see from the Efremova citation there are 2 more other ways of using &quot;как бы&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, when speaking on religious texts they cannot be taken as typical examples of usage. As Yellow Sky stated, the text of Bible is not changed for centuries and therefore outdated in terms of modern language use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-05-05T15:25:46.217" LastActivityDate="2014-05-05T15:25:46.217" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4419" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4423" CreationDate="2014-05-05T15:06:29.017" Score="1" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;From time to time I encounter the word &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?CL=1&amp;amp;s=%F2%E0%EA%EE%E2&amp;amp;l1=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;таков&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (in written language) but do not have a real clue about it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually I replace it (mentally) with &lt;em&gt;такой&lt;/em&gt; cause it's typically translated as &lt;em&gt;such&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In which sense &lt;em&gt;таков&lt;/em&gt; is usually used?&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is it linked with or can it be replaced by &lt;em&gt;такой&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Would there be a use case in spoken language?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is the female ending pronounced or not? &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikislovar&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%F2%E0%EA%EE%E2&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;gramota&lt;/a&gt; are discordant about it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-05-05T21:11:57.140" Title="When/How to use таков" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4416" CreationDate="2014-05-05T15:09:05.860" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your quote is from the Gospel of John 7:10. In correspondence with the Russian &lt;code&gt;как бы&lt;/code&gt; the Latin Biblia Sacra Vulgata has &lt;code&gt;quasi&lt;/code&gt;, the English King James Bible has &lt;code&gt;as it were&lt;/code&gt;. The idea of &lt;code&gt;как бы&lt;/code&gt; is 'kind of', 'as if'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And no, it cannot be left out, it's the Bible, long ago every word in it became a part of the foundation of the modern culture. And this very John in Revelation 22:19 says it out right:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-05-05T15:09:05.860" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4421" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4424" CreationDate="2014-05-05T17:26:26.947" Score="4" ViewCount="156" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you have an integer number, it induces declension on the noun you are 'counting'. But to know which case, you need to know the specific number. What about integer unknowns? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to say in Russian&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We have &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; abelian groups &lt;em&gt;G_1, G_2,...G_n&lt;/em&gt;, such that...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which case should I use after the &lt;strong&gt;natural number&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У нас есть &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; коммутативн?? груп??, значит &lt;em&gt;G_1, G_2,...G_n&lt;/em&gt;, которые ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2014-05-06T04:49:57.660" LastActivityDate="2014-05-17T17:32:49.417" Title="What case follows an integer counting variable?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4421" CreationDate="2014-05-05T17:40:33.850" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;имеются n абелевых групп G_1,G_2,...,G_n, таких что...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, in Russian academic writing &quot;we have groups&quot; is not used, instead we write &quot;there are groups&quot;. It's a matter of style, rather than grammar though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not a linguist, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6#.D0.92_.D1.80.D1.83.D1.81.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BC_.D1.8F.D0.B7.D1.8B.D0.BA.D0.B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;nominative plural&lt;/a&gt; would be my answer, because I test it with a question &quot;имеются кто/что?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="3595" LastEditDate="2014-05-05T18:03:32.257" LastActivityDate="2014-05-05T18:03:32.257" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4423" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4419" CreationDate="2014-05-05T21:11:57.140" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;ТАКОВ is a short form of ТАКОВОЙ, which generally means such, the same, above-mentioned.&#xA;Now answering your questions specifically&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The main meaning is &quot;such&quot; that might be used as a name-replacement in a bureaucratic documentation, although in a full form ТАКОВОЙ, ТАКОВЫЕ: &quot;К протоколу прилагаются их объяснения и замечания, если ТАКОВЫЕ имеются.&quot; - ... if such are available.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the previous meaning - yes, fully. Using ТАКОВОЙ makes the sentence much more formal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As to the spoken language, there are a couple of idioms with ТАКОВ. &quot;...И был ТАКОВ&quot; = скрылся, убежал (иронически) - in case someone did or said something and then suddenly disappeared. &quot;Каков поп, таков приход&quot; = everyone gets what it is worth of. The last frequent case I can think of is a statement of the type &quot;ТАКОВ ...&quot;: &quot;ТАКОВА судьба&quot; - such is our destiny, &quot;ТАКОВ человек&quot; - such is the man (human nature), &quot;ТАКОВЫ факты&quot; - these are the facts.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sure, ТАКОВА.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3818" LastActivityDate="2014-05-05T21:11:57.140" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4421" CreationDate="2014-05-06T01:42:14.473" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question in the title and the question you wrote are not quite the same.  The question in the title sounds like it is asking &quot;what case is used after mathematical objects denoted by letters like G, H, etc.&quot;, while the question you wrote is asking &quot;what case follows a counting variable&quot;? [EDIT: The question in the title was later changed to match the question being asked.] A mathematical notation&#xA;for an object (not counting something) is often considered neuter, but things following it may have case endings based on the gender for the Russian name of the object.  For example, an equation x = y has the sign = pronounced as равен, равна, or равно depending on if we consider x to be masculine, feminine, or neuter.  Often x is neuter, but if the equation A = B involves linear operators then = may be pronounced as равен (masculine) because оператор is masculine. If an equation f = g involves functions then = may be pronounced as равна since функция is feminine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You thought &quot;such that&quot; might be который. It is такой что, but there's more to say about this than just the direct translation. Specifically, in ordinary speech the words такой and что are often not next to each other.  This is best understood by examples. I give three below, putting in parentheses the pronunciation of the mathematical notation. (If you know how to pronounce the alphabet in French then the Russian pronunciation of letters in math will make sense.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Let x_n be a sequence such that = Пусть x_n (икс эн) — такая последовательность, что&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Let f(x,y) be a function of two variables such that = Пусть f(x,y) (эф от икс игрек) — такая функция двух переменных, что&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) A generator of a group G is an element g such that = Образующий группы G (Жэ)  —  такой элемент g (жэ), что &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These literally say &quot;Let x_n be such a sequence that&quot;, &quot;Let f(x,y) be such a function of two variables that&quot;, and &quot;A generator of the group G is such an element g that&quot;, where &quot;such&quot; modifies the object of interest (a sequence, a function, or an element), and all of these sound clumsy in English. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The abbreviation of такой что on the blackboard is &quot;,т.ч.&quot; (note the comma), which is like the use of s.t. for such that in English.  However, because такой and что are often separated from each other in speech, it is awkward to replace them with т.ч. on a blackboard if writing resembles speech. To make т.ч. more natural when writing and speaking at the blackboard, the word такой is moved in speech right before что even though, I am told, the result usually sounds stylistically awkward to non-scientists. The new versions of the above examples are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Пусть x_n — последовательность такая, что&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Пусть f(x,y) — функция двух переменных такая, что&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) Образующий группы G  — элемент g такой, что &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ending on такой depends on what is it modifying.  Here are some examples to illustrate this, where the same English sentence is translated in more than one possible way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) the dimensions of the spaces such that = размерности пространств такие, что &#xA;(when &quot;such that&quot; refers to dimensions) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) the dimensions of the spaces such that = размерности пространств таких, что &#xA;(when &quot;such that&quot; refers to the spaces) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) sequence of points in a metric space such that = последовательность точек в метрическом пространстве такая, что (when &quot;such that&quot; refers to the sequence) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) sequence of points in a metric space such that = последовательность точек в метрическом пространстве таких, что (when &quot;such that&quot; refers to the points) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5) sequence of points in a metric space such that = последовательность точек в метрическом пространстве таком, что (when &quot;such that&quot; refers to the space) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2014-05-09T05:41:47.970" LastActivityDate="2014-05-09T05:41:47.970" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4228" CreationDate="2014-05-06T06:42:11.167" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, the best option would be to use the &quot;Администрирование&quot; in the answers above, you are advised to use the option &quot;админка&quot;. This expression is used among webmasters, however, to administer the site sometimes attract special employees, for which the expression &quot;админка&quot; looks unusual. Use expressions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Панель администратора&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Администрирование&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3819" LastActivityDate="2014-05-06T06:42:11.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4421" CreationDate="2014-05-06T10:00:50.687" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, an X that is not 2, 3, 4 or 1.5 or not a constant will be treated just as if it were five or twenty: &quot;X жёлтых домов&quot;, &quot;X абелевых групп&quot;, &quot;X острых ножей&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2014-05-06T10:00:50.687" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4427" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4429" CreationDate="2014-05-06T12:40:19.547" Score="7" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;p&gt;My sentence starts as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если человек поперхнулся - ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3812" LastActivityDate="2014-05-17T17:17:08.310" Title="What is correct: &quot;постучи его по спине&quot; or &quot;постучи ему по спине&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4427" CreationDate="2014-05-06T12:49:55.357" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Постучи его по спине would be correct. It means help him, not hurt him, as compared to the other option. It is best seen with the perfect form: Стукни его по спине - help him breathing, Стукни ему по спине - punch him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;upd&#xA;Стукни его по спине ~ hit his back; Стукни ему по спине ~ hit him on his back (possibly in order to help, but not necessarily)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3818" LastEditorUserId="3818" LastEditDate="2014-05-06T13:27:11.467" LastActivityDate="2014-05-06T13:27:11.467" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4427" CreationDate="2014-05-06T14:04:54.950" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a slight difference here, but it not so critical in this particular case. I would even recommend to say &quot;Похлопай его по спине&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Постучи &lt;em&gt;его&lt;/em&gt; по спине&lt;/strong&gt; - means that you are going to hit &lt;strong&gt;him&lt;/strong&gt; in the first place. &quot;по спине&quot; is specifying the area of his body that will be hit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Постучи &lt;em&gt;ему&lt;/em&gt; по спине&lt;/strong&gt; - means that you will hit something in order to do something for him. In this particular case it is his back that will be hit. But in this second case you can use even some external objects, that are not parts of his body:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Постучи ему по барабану. - Hit his drum.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Постучи ему в окошко. - Knock on his window.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Постучи ему в дверь. - Knock on his door.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You cannot say &quot;постучи его по барабану&quot; when talking about human, because it will mean that the drum is a part of his body. But it is possible to say about some artificial masculine object that has a drum as a part of its body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-05-06T14:04:54.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4427" CreationDate="2014-05-06T15:47:04.267" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Постучать (unlike стукнуть) is an intransitive verb; one cannot say 'постучи его'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2284" LastActivityDate="2014-05-06T15:47:04.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4411" CreationDate="2014-05-06T21:02:15.977" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you don't want to use slang, then &quot;Послать по электронной почте.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2014-05-06T21:02:15.977" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4432" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4411" CreationDate="2014-05-07T06:57:16.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I use &lt;strong&gt;отправить&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;email me those logs please - отправьте мне те логи, пожалуйста&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="152" LastActivityDate="2014-05-07T06:57:16.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4411" CreationDate="2014-05-07T11:28:25.223" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two words: Послать and Отправить almost same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="846" LastActivityDate="2014-05-07T11:28:25.223" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4434" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4444" CreationDate="2014-05-07T16:55:39.317" Score="3" ViewCount="423" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know it is used as an interrogative pronoun ('Чей это дом?') - &quot;whose&quot;, but I've also seen:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;-Turn one's attention to something&#xA; обратить чье-либо внимание на что-либо&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that there it is linked to the direct object in gender, but i don't understand why it isn't using the possessive pronoun &quot;своё&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Info on this is hard to find anywhere on the net! Any resources you could link would be nice too )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="3769" LastEditDate="2014-05-08T17:10:49.617" LastActivityDate="2014-05-09T19:17:11.213" Title="How do you most commonly use чей/чья/чьё/чьи?" Tags="&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4411" CreationDate="2014-05-07T18:55:46.060" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Имейлить, имейльнуть - скоро во всех словарях России :-D&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Add: Никогда раньше не встречал этих слов и вряд ли их кто-то использует на практике.&#xA;Но думаю, что их можно использовать и большинство людей поймет их значение, даже услышав впервые в жизни.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3498" LastEditorUserId="3498" LastEditDate="2014-05-08T06:16:05.057" LastActivityDate="2014-05-08T06:16:05.057" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4436" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4411" CreationDate="2014-05-07T21:37:04.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no such possibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отправить эл. почту &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is the best for the purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3824" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2014-05-27T13:45:34.580" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T13:45:34.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4434" CreationDate="2014-05-07T21:57:23.197" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Words have gender in Russian. If you look for ownership so something having female gender you tell like чья, чья это шаль?, for male чей этот мяч&#xA;for no gender чьё, чьё копьё?&#xA;and finally for plural чьи, чьи эти прыгалки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3824" LastActivityDate="2014-05-07T21:57:23.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2574" CreationDate="2014-05-07T22:24:11.660" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Хорош = enough&#xA;Хватит = sufficient&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3824" LastActivityDate="2014-05-07T22:24:11.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4441" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4443" CreationDate="2014-05-07T23:24:18.333" Score="4" ViewCount="541" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you tell when you need to pronounce a soft vowel as soft and stressed? I only ask because I've run into a grammatical rule that says that an unstressed я like in &quot;девять&quot; should be pronounced like &quot;i&quot; in &quot;machine&quot; however any time I hear the name &quot;таня&quot;, it's pronounced TAN-YA. Is there some kind of exception to when an unstressed soft vowel is to have its softness pronounced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3825" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-08-16T16:46:17.233" LastActivityDate="2020-08-16T16:46:17.233" Title="Soft vowel pronunciation at the end of a word" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4441" CreationDate="2014-05-08T00:45:49.380" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the end, я is much easier to pronounce. If there are additional sounds after the unstressed я, one's tongue must twist more to say я than и. Therefore девИть but ТанЯ, СенЯ, ПетЯ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Ukraine, Russians say девять, лягушка, and so on. That, and their h instead of Г is very &quot;hearable&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2446" LastActivityDate="2014-05-08T00:45:49.380" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4441" CreationDate="2014-05-08T06:55:11.420" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fully pronounce the vowel if it is stressed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Яркий - мЯгкий - румЯна&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it's in the beginning or ending, you won't fully pronounce it, but it won't be shortened as it is shortened when the vowel comes in between (like in &lt;code&gt;девять&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;язЫк - Яблоня&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the vowel comes in between you'd take the most comfortable way to get from the previous consonant to the succeeding one. That will be usually an i/e sound. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;лягУшка - дЕвять - лЮбят&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd say the &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt; is more i-like in девять and some kind of i/e sound in лягушка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*caps indicate stressing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can look for vowel reduction, but I doubt that some rules always apply, as given e. g. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianforeveryone.com/Rufe/Lessons/Course1/Introduction/IntrUnit6/IntrUnit6.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-08T07:05:17.283" LastActivityDate="2014-05-08T07:05:17.283" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4444" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4434" CreationDate="2014-05-08T12:21:10.977" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right, words &quot;чей\чья\чьё\чьи&quot; are interrogative pronouns similar to English &quot;whose&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in the example that you gave, &quot;чьё-л&quot; is not the same as simply &quot;чьё&quot;; &quot;чьё-л&quot; is an abbreviation of &quot;чьё-либо&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;чьё-либо&quot; is an indefinite pronoun in neutral gender. It is formed by adding a postfix &quot;либо&quot; to the interrogative pronoun &quot;чьё&quot;. It means &quot;somebody's&quot; and is used when the noun that it refers to is indefinite. For more explanation on pronouns with postfix либо, see &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/256/whats-the-difference-between-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE-and-%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The possessive &quot;своё&quot; should indeed be used in this example! The correct way to translate &lt;code&gt;&quot;to turn one's attention to smth&quot;&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;&quot;обратить своё внимание на что-либо&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. The use of &quot;чьё-либо&quot; is incorrect. &lt;code&gt;&quot;Обратить чьё-либо внимание на что-либо&quot;&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;&quot;to turn somebody's attention to something&quot;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-05-08T12:21:10.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4411" CreationDate="2014-05-08T14:25:18.070" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Отправить, Послать(Отослать), Написать.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Особенной дифферинциации между обычной почтой и электронной почтой не наблюдается.&#xA;Оба варианта имеют свой устойчивый контекст, который слабо пересекается между собой. Пожалуй, отправка письма обычной почтой, требует уточнений, а не отправка мыла: &lt;em&gt;Я отправил тебе письмо почтой.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Я отправил заказное письмо.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Хотя последнее возможно субьективное утверждение.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Написать&lt;/em&gt; тоже скорее всего потребует уточнений, с незнакомыми(мало знакомыми) с вашим вкусом реципиентами - напишите в контакт, напишите в icq, напишите в ирц, напишите на почту(подразумевается электронная почта без вариантов))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отправить&lt;/em&gt; - оттенок смысла больше в упоре на действие&#xA;Отправил сообщение (IM or whatever) , Отправил почту (как вариант), Отправил письмо, Отпавил файл, Отправил архив, Отправил пачку печенья (тут уже вопрос насколько печеньки были реальны)), Отправил посылку (тут несколько вариантов, но скорее всего не электронные)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отослал, Послал, Заслал&lt;/em&gt; - эти, пожалуй, наиболее зависимые от контекста. Устойчивые, достаточно определенные варианты, для offline: &lt;em&gt;Послал посылку. Послал открытку.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3713" LastEditorUserId="3713" LastEditDate="2014-05-08T14:44:03.547" LastActivityDate="2014-05-08T14:44:03.547" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4427" CreationDate="2014-05-08T15:42:44.323" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;add to Artemix answer&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also suggest to replace &quot;постучи&quot; to &quot;постучите&quot;, sentence will be more like instruction what needs to be done in case of ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &lt;strong&gt;Постучи его по спине&lt;/strong&gt; is pretty valid in some cases, let say Mother orders to son to help his Father in that accident: &lt;em&gt;Постучи папу по спине.&lt;/em&gt; equal to &lt;em&gt;Постучи папе по спине.&lt;/em&gt; Probably first variant will be used often, because easier to pronounce in fast not expected situation. But both variants are not good somehow. I suggest :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Если человек поперхнулся, следует похлопать его по спине.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that case you assume that someone knows actually what needs to be done and how.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example of recommendation given on some resource, which looks like correct one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если же человек не в состоянии кашлять (инородное тело полностью&#xA;  закрыло трахею, а воздуха в легких уже недостаточно) - первое что&#xA;  нужно сделать - наклонить человека вперед-вниз (или перекинуть на&#xA;  живот через колено, спинку кресла...) и сильно &lt;strong&gt;похлопать&lt;/strong&gt; открытой&#xA;  ладонью между лопаток (по направлению ко рту). Помните, нужны именно&#xA;  направляющие движения, а не просто хлопки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3713" LastActivityDate="2014-05-08T15:42:44.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4370" CreationDate="2014-05-08T17:11:15.223" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;these two words have a little different emotional coloring.&#xA;прилетел is more official. &#xA;долетел means you had long process of flight (&quot;летел, летел и долетел&quot;) and probably you want to tell us how boring or full of adventures was your перелёт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3827" LastActivityDate="2014-05-08T17:11:15.223" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4448" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4454" CreationDate="2014-05-08T23:42:13.283" Score="5" ViewCount="472" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm terrible with movement verbs, I never use them well, especially with prefixes, the way to use them changes a lot!!! I get incredibly confuse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if someone has a good book reference regarding this topic, I'll appreciate it, especially if it is online. And also if someone could share tips to better understand how to use this глаголы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1770" LastActivityDate="2014-05-09T20:14:01.510" Title="Ways to better study глаголы движения" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;обучение&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4449" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4448" CreationDate="2014-05-09T01:30:16.233" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The usual term in English is &quot;verbs of motion&quot; rather than &quot;movement verbs&quot;. In any case, I think the best way to learn to use these is to use them a lot with native speakers. You could discuss traveling, going to other cities, arriving and departing, and so on. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a whole book on this topic: Russian Motion Verbs for Intermediate Students, by William Mahota.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2014-05-09T01:30:16.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4450" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4451" CreationDate="2014-05-09T10:03:51.590" Score="10" ViewCount="648" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apparently one thing which makes it difficult to deal with verbs of motion is the additional distinction into two groups, beside the given division into verbs of imperfective and perfective aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;                     направленного действия  разнонаправленного действия&#xA;&#xA;несовершенный вид    идти                    ходить&#xA;&#xA;совершенный вид      зайти                   заходить&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming that the table is correct, I'd say that the prefix (&lt;code&gt;за-&lt;/code&gt;) turns the verb into one with perfective aspect. However, how about &lt;code&gt;сходить&lt;/code&gt; then? Corresponding to &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?lop=x&amp;amp;bts=x&amp;amp;zar=x&amp;amp;ag=x&amp;amp;ab=x&amp;amp;sin=x&amp;amp;lv=x&amp;amp;az=x&amp;amp;pe=x&amp;amp;word=%F1%F5%EE%E4%E8%F2%FC&quot;&gt;gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt; its a &lt;em&gt;imperfect&lt;/em&gt; verb so basically the same aspect as &lt;code&gt;ходить&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is this an exception or does that rule not apply at all?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Any (other) way to determine the aspect of a verb of motion?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2014-05-12T10:47:27.487" LastActivityDate="2014-05-12T13:21:36.333" Title="determine the aspect of verbs of motion" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;вид&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4450" CreationDate="2014-05-09T11:13:00.227" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the verbs of motions don't have a prefix, that means that they are both Imperfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they have a prefix, one of them is Imperfective and the other one is Perfective. The verb that witout a prefix means &amp;quot;go and return&amp;quot; forms the Imperfective verb with a prefix, ans the verb that without a prefix means &amp;quot;go&amp;quot; (one direction) forms the Perfective verb with a prefix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ходить-идти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Приходить-прийти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Переходить-перейти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Заходить-зайти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The prefixed verbs formed from the verb &amp;quot;ходить&amp;quot; are Imperfective and the prefixed verbs formed from the verb &amp;quot;идти&amp;quot; are Perfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Be careful when you form the prefixed verbs from &amp;quot;плавать&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;ездить&amp;quot; because they are transformed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;плавать-плыть, but пере&lt;b&gt;плывать&lt;/b&gt;-переплыть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ездить-ехать, but при&lt;b&gt;езжать&lt;/b&gt;-приехать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The case of the verb &amp;quot;сходить&amp;quot; is quite difficult and confusing. There two verbs with two different meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;сходить-сойти: go down, the first one is Imperfective and the second one, Perfective&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сойти с горы: to go down a mountain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;cходить as one of the Perfective verbs formed from &amp;quot;ходить&amp;quot; that means a single quick comleted action to and from somewhere, there and back, often used in everyday speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сходи в аптеку!&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Go to the pharmacy!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-05-12T13:21:36.333" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4450" CreationDate="2014-05-09T17:16:54.077" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;So you are trying to deduct the aspect (perfective/imperfective) from the word form? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you see there are many exceptions. Even your example &lt;code&gt;сходить&lt;/code&gt; depending on the meaning can be both. &lt;code&gt;сходить с горы/поезда&lt;/code&gt; - imperfective and &lt;code&gt;сходить в кино&lt;/code&gt; - perfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, there are rules and your conclusions are correct: prefixes usually turn the verb into perfective aspect. But there are exceptions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Any (other) way to determine the aspect of a verb of motion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Contextually and semantically? That's how native speakers do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastActivityDate="2014-05-09T17:16:54.077" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4434" CreationDate="2014-05-09T19:17:11.213" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the dictionary just explains how to use the word in the most general way. Thus, it tells you how to say it when one whould draw &lt;em&gt;someone else's&lt;/em&gt; attention to something. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, you don't need this if the attention, err.. &quot;belongs&quot; to the same person who is trying to draw it. In this case you usually just omit &quot;своё&quot; altogether (though you may use it to sound more serious and formal): &quot;Обратите также внимание на окна&quot; = &quot;Note the windows, too&quot;/ &quot;Pay attention to the windows as well&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-05-09T19:17:11.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4448" CreationDate="2014-05-09T19:35:18.340" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are some links for you to look at some pictures that explain the general meaning of different prefixes. Fortunately, with verbs of motion these really have more or less fixed meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://learnrussian.rt.com/grammar-tables/verbs-of-motion-with-prefixes/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://learnrussian.rt.com/grammar-tables/verbs-of-motion-with-prefixes/&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.alphadictionary.com/rusgrammar/vom.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.alphadictionary.com/rusgrammar/vom.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the overall use, I like this &quot;practical&quot; explanation of typical patterns of use for &lt;em&gt;indefinite vs. specific verbs of motion&lt;/em&gt;:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.public.asu.edu/~deliving/russgram/vuses.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.public.asu.edu/~deliving/russgram/vuses.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just remember that the choice of aspect is a matter of your point of view. It just sounds weird when you suddenly make a choice vastly different from any that a native speaker would. Sometimes it contradicts the nature of the verbs, sometimes not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Memorise some typical constructions where it is virtually impossible to change interpretation: if you &lt;em&gt;&quot;go to school&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (study there), it is always &lt;em&gt;&quot;ходить в школу&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (habitual). &lt;em&gt;&quot;Идти в школу&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is only when you are going to the school, like, right now or soon (specific, definite motion).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-05-09T20:14:01.510" LastActivityDate="2014-05-09T20:14:01.510" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2563" CreationDate="2014-05-10T09:28:49.603" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Носители русского языка никогда не говорят &quot;две пары часов&quot;. Если вы хотите купить, например, 2 часов, вы скажете &quot;двое часов&quot;.&#xA;Proof - &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/es/107622/%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/es/107622/%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5&lt;/a&gt;&#xA; . &quot;Две пары часов&quot; можно сказать в редких случаях, когда вам нужно двое часов одной модели и двое другой. То есть, 2+2 = 4 (четверо) часов.&#xA;Слово &quot;пара&quot; в данном смысле может применяться к парным предметам: пара брюк, пара носков, пара перчаток, пара обуви и т.п.&#xA;Но часы, очки, ножницы, грабли, вилы, и т.п. словом &quot;пара&quot; не называются. То есть, слово &quot;пара&quot; для них будет означать 2 штуки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3833" LastActivityDate="2014-05-10T09:28:49.603" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4221" CreationDate="2014-05-10T09:35:05.793" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Напишите &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Для клиентов&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - это будет более литературный перевод.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3833" LastActivityDate="2014-05-10T09:35:05.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4411" CreationDate="2014-05-10T09:59:58.743" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you need a button in web form - &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Пишите&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Пишите нам&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&#xA;In other cases (in correspondence, for example) - &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Пришлите&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;отправьте&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;вышлите&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, but it context-dependent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3833" LastActivityDate="2014-05-10T09:59:58.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3067" CreationDate="2014-05-10T14:30:45.593" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Has time stopped for you?&quot; is the only variant that fits. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;У тебя&quot; here is the same &quot;у тебя&quot; as in &quot;У тебя в доме нет окон&quot; = &quot;There are no windows in your house&quot; or &quot;У тебя мама пилот&quot;= &quot;Your mother is a pilot&quot;. That is, it generally describes &quot;some situation that refers to you or things related to you&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Время&quot; is obviously the grammatical subject, as it is in the Nominative.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;остановилось&quot; (stopped/has stopped) is the verb. Since it is reflexive by morphology, it is virtually impossible for that verb to have an object, as it intrinsically suggests that the action is performed &quot;on itself&quot;, &quot;in general&quot;, &quot;to each other&quot; and so on. There are very. very few verbs on &quot;-ся&quot; that can take an Accusative object, and this is usually just one of the variants. I can only think of &quot;бояться&quot; (to be afraid of): it is mostly Genitive in literature, but colloquially oftentimes Accusative is used.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, the sentence itself sounds non-native. Could you calrify what was the source?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-05-10T14:30:45.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3045" CreationDate="2014-05-12T01:13:06.860" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that in this case the entire phrase is a noun form, it's not that зеленый is a noun, and бриллиантовый is an adjective; otherwise you should have been able to attach other adjectives to зеленый to refer to other kinds of зеленый, yet there's only one unique entity called бриллиантовый зеленый.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-05-12T01:13:06.860" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4460" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-12T16:32:03.380" Score="9" ViewCount="4205" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am writing a novel in English. My transliteration novel uses -ov for surnames (Danilov, Kirilov). For consistency sake I would like to spell out Sergei Rachmaninov as such, though he is more traditionally spelled Rachmaninoff. Is the -off simply an archaic form of transliteration? I can only think of Smirnoff &amp;amp; Rachmaninoff as being &quot;branded&quot; with the suffix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3839" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:24:12.407" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T18:19:47.710" Title="Sergei Rachmaninov or Rachmaninoff" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;&lt;ономастика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-05-26T12:53:45.057" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4460" CreationDate="2014-05-12T17:43:38.257" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sergei Rachmaninov (Rachmaninoff) emigrated from Russia to the United States after the Communist revolution of 1917. He used Latin script to spell his name as &quot;Sergei Rachmaninoff&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, the following books about him were published in NY:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rachmaninoff’s recollections told by Oscar von Riesemann, L. — N. Y.,&#xA;1934  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bertensson S. and Leyda J., Sergei Rachmaninoff. A lifetime in&lt;br&gt;&#xA;music, N. Y., 1956&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the standard spelling is actually Rakhmaninov, but en.wikipedia.org and other resources prefer to use traditional spelling (Rachmaninoff).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1758" LastActivityDate="2014-05-12T17:43:38.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4460" CreationDate="2014-05-12T18:01:37.130" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right, that the current style of romanization of Russian surnames is &quot;-ov&quot; (transliteration), while in the past it used to be &quot;-off&quot; (quasi-phonetic). See &lt;a href=&quot;http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/13/14/13/PDF/sakhno_nompropre_version_meta_2_.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this paper&lt;/a&gt; in French (with English abstract) on the subject. Note, that until recently when Russians were issued travel documents, their names were romanized in French style, i.e. &quot;-ow&quot; would have been acceptable too. You could encounter funny endings like &quot;-oukine&quot; etc. Now they switched to Enlgish transliteration. If he were issued a passport today I bet it would have been Rakhmaninov, note &lt;em&gt;kh&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;ch&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Update&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Apparently&lt;/a&gt;, Rachmaninov's last name is from a derivative of an old Russian word for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahman&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Brahmin&lt;/a&gt;. So, maybe the right way to spell is actually &quot;Rahmaninov&quot;, after all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="3595" LastEditDate="2018-06-11T18:19:47.710" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T18:19:47.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4307" CreationDate="2014-05-13T08:25:54.097" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильно так: &quot;Все точки над i&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Латинская буква i имеется ввиду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3841" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T08:25:54.097" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4307" CreationDate="2014-05-13T11:44:18.173" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As an addition to other answers: letter &quot;ё&quot; was added to russian alphabet at the end of XVIII century, so probably this expression existed earlier than letter &quot;ё&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3843" LastEditorUserId="3843" LastEditDate="2014-05-13T14:06:36.227" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T14:06:36.227" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4466" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4467" CreationDate="2014-05-13T19:16:29.187" Score="14" ViewCount="2651" Body="&lt;p&gt;I took Russian in university and can talk a little. A few days ago my Russian friend lost his keys and I wanted to sarcastically say &quot;nice job&quot; in Russian, but I didn't really know what was the proper thing to say and said &quot;&lt;em&gt;хорошая работа&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. He laughed at me for saying that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the proper thing to say? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there a usual noun or slang for such an incident?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3845" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2017-07-23T04:19:17.307" LastActivityDate="2017-07-23T04:19:17.307" Title="How to sarcastically say &quot;good job&quot;" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4466" CreationDate="2014-05-13T19:40:59.643" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say the word &lt;strong&gt;молодец&lt;/strong&gt;, but with sarcastic intonation. In Russian you can change a lot with intonation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3846" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2014-06-05T00:22:48.107" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T00:22:48.107" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4466" CreationDate="2014-05-13T19:46:21.720" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Хорошая работа&quot; is fine, though you can emphasize it with &quot;Отличная работа&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3837" LastActivityDate="2014-05-13T19:46:21.720" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4469" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4466" CreationDate="2014-05-14T14:08:31.843" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tiny list, if you will have opportunity again ))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;not good at smiles but added some, Big letters in words = emphasis, all at once or any of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;more optimistic, for my opinion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Отличненько, ты просто мОлОдЕц(молодцА) :p&#xA;МолодцаАа :p&#xA;Заме-чАтельно o^&#xA;Удачник, ты просто Удачник, заведи собаку :).&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;more pessimistic:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Молодца&#xA;Ну ты крут, Что.&#xA;КрутоОo&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3713" LastActivityDate="2014-05-14T14:08:31.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4470" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4473" CreationDate="2014-05-14T19:44:01.647" Score="4" ViewCount="152" Body="&lt;p&gt;I mean,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;В огороде на грядке &lt;strong&gt;созрела&lt;/strong&gt; клубника&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;В огороде на грядке &lt;strong&gt;поспела&lt;/strong&gt; клубника&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="277" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T21:17:58.200" Title="What is the difference between &quot;созревать&quot; and &quot;поспевать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4470" CreationDate="2014-05-14T20:02:06.073" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no difference in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3851" LastActivityDate="2014-05-14T20:02:06.073" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4472" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4474" CreationDate="2014-05-14T20:17:47.277" Score="3" ViewCount="636" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question might be too broad, anyway:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Which use cases (phrases) are there for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;besides when it has this kind of subjunctive meaning coming with a verb ending in &lt;code&gt;-л / -ла / -ло / -ли&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (see below)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For instance: &lt;em&gt;как бы&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;почему бы и нет&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;_2. What function does &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; have, i. e. does it always make something &quot;unreal&quot; (subjunctive)?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For instance: What's the difference between saying &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;почему нет&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;почему &lt;strong&gt;бы и&lt;/strong&gt; нет&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I mentioned in 1. (..coming with a verb..) are the following use cases   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;. употребляется для образования сослагательного наклонения&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  1) предположительной возможности&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;кто бы это мог быть? — who could / might that be?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2) вежливого пожелания, совета, просьбы&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;было бы очень приятно вас видеть — it would be very nice to see you&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt;. (+ ни) употребляется в составе неопределённых местоимений и союзов&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;кто бы ни пришёл — whoever comes&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;что бы из этого ни вышло — whatever comes of it&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;что бы ни случилось — whatever happens&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;sub&gt;Ref: D. I. Yermolovich, T. M. Krasavina&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T21:15:32.343" Title="Understanding &quot;бы&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4470" CreationDate="2014-05-14T20:40:27.173" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Поспеть&lt;/strong&gt; has two different meanings: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;созреть&lt;/strong&gt;, стать годным для еды (to become edible) and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;успеть&lt;/strong&gt; (to be in time) - this one is a bit outdated nowadays.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;созреть&lt;/strong&gt; mean mostly the same: for fruits it means the same as &lt;strong&gt;поспеть&lt;/strong&gt;. It also means &lt;em&gt;to become mature&lt;/em&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example both words mean the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-05-14T20:40:27.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4472" CreationDate="2014-05-14T21:05:06.033" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Почему нет?&lt;/strong&gt; may mean &lt;em&gt;why (something) is missing?&lt;/em&gt;, or (another meaning) &lt;em&gt;what objections do you have?&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- У нас нет воды.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -- Почему нет?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -- Авария - труба лопнула.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Ты пойдешь в театр?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -- Нет.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -- Почему нет?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -- Очень плохо себя чувствую. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Почему бы и нет?&lt;/strong&gt; has exactly the same meaning as &lt;strong&gt;why not?&lt;/strong&gt;. It is not for asking about objections, it's an invitation to look at the alternative solutions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say that &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; is a word for possibilities and alternatives. This also includes polite forms - by using &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; you allow other person either to agree with you (accept your proposal) or to make own decision. Without &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; it may sound like you are forcing other person to accept what you want.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for other examples of using бы, here is what &lt;em&gt;Большой толковый словарь&lt;/em&gt; proposes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;БЫ; Б&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Указывает на условно-предположительную возможность действия. &lt;em&gt;Мог бы полюбить. На твоём месте поступил бы иначе. Будто бы твой. Были бы друзья - нашёл бы куда пойти. Если б не ты - мне не жить.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Указывает на желательность или долженствование действия. &lt;em&gt;Поохотиться бы по-настоящему! Чайку бы сейчас! Потише бы! Ей бы большую семью иметь. Были бы все здоровые. Покрапал бы дождичек! Ты бы хоть позвонил!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Указывает на вежливо-предупредительное пожелание кому-л., совет, предложение. &lt;em&gt;Ты бы прилёг. Сходить бы тебе к врачу. Может, поговорил бы с начальством?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;(обычно с отриц.). &lt;em&gt;Указывает на опасение чего-л. Не опоздать бы. Не кусать бы потом локти. Лишь бы не дурак. Туфли любые, лишь бы не белые.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;(в придат. предл.). Указывает на обусловленность действия. &lt;em&gt;Не было бы счастья, да несчастье помогло (Погов.).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;(в составе сложных союзов, частиц и нареч.). Указывает на различные оттенки условности, предположительности, желаемости действия. &lt;em&gt;Будто бы, если бы, как бы, хоть бы, хоть бы и так, хоть бы хны, хоть бы что, ещё бы, во что бы то ни стало и т.п.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-05-15T04:23:50.323" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T04:23:50.323" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4475" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4476" CreationDate="2014-05-14T21:13:35.447" Score="2" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across this line in a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJKUpQwnORk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;movie scene&lt;/a&gt; (at about 20 seconds in the video).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;I never know what to say in these moments&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked up the translation in google translate -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the translation was this -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я никогда не знаю, что сказать в эти моменты&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;YA nikogda ne znayu, chto skazat' v eti momenty&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this sounds different from what the actor actually says. So what does he really say and how is it transliterated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3852" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T12:53:03.827" Title="Translation/transliteration question - &quot;I never know what to say in these moments&quot;." Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4475" CreationDate="2014-05-14T21:23:11.010" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;я никогда не знаю что говорить в такие моменты&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="3595" LastEditDate="2014-05-14T21:51:40.130" LastActivityDate="2014-05-14T21:51:40.130" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4470" CreationDate="2014-05-14T21:28:15.263" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, the first means &quot;mature&quot;, and the second means &quot;ripen&quot;; but in this context they have exactly the same meaning, i.e. &quot;ripen&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-05-14T21:28:15.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4470" CreationDate="2014-05-15T01:22:57.680" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both words are used equally often and have the same meaning. But I think the second one better, because it has no another meaning. &lt;code&gt;Спелый&lt;/code&gt; only means &quot;ripe&quot;, while you can say &lt;code&gt;Зрелый&lt;/code&gt; applying not only to vegetables or fruits, but also to people. &lt;code&gt;Зрелый мужчина&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;mature (or verile) man&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3853" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T01:22:57.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4479" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4482" CreationDate="2014-05-15T06:26:50.617" Score="3" ViewCount="664" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you say &quot;I am getting ready to apply to college/university.&quot;  Я собираюсь поступать в университет ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3855" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T10:39:46.200" Title="How to say &quot;to apply to university/college&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2563" CreationDate="2014-05-15T06:29:41.010" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Honestly I (as a native speaker) never heard of people saying &quot;пара&quot; with meaning of one object although internet states that it is a simplification in casual language (how is that a simplification if it is completly illogical?). I would not recommend you to use &quot;пара&quot; in meaning of one object - just try to avoid that with something else.&#xA;P.S. Although after looking in internet for this question - it seems debatable from the formal point of view.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3856" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T06:29:41.010" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4479" CreationDate="2014-05-15T08:06:26.830" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я собираюсь поступ&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ть в университет&lt;/em&gt; is actually a correct translation.  Another option would be &lt;em&gt;Я готовлюсь поступать в университет&lt;/em&gt;. This conveys the meaning of &lt;em&gt;getting ready&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@kishtibargo's answer incorrectly puts the suggested translation as &lt;em&gt;Я собираюсь поступ&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ть в университет&lt;/em&gt; - and then proceeds to correctly explain why this translation is not right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@kishtibargo's suggestion of &lt;em&gt;Я собираюсь подать в универ&lt;/em&gt;, while technically correct, is more of a slang.  Your version of &lt;em&gt;Я собираюсь поступ&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ть в университет&lt;/em&gt; is a perfectly correct translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-05-15T10:39:46.200" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T10:39:46.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4475" CreationDate="2014-05-15T20:53:21.997" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A couple of variations for you:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В такие моменты, я теряю дар речи.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В таких случаях, я обычно не знаю, что сказать.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T20:53:21.997" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4221" CreationDate="2014-05-15T21:10:29.550" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Client area, as it relates to the part of the window used by the client application, as opposed to the browser itself, &quot;рабочая площадь.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T21:10:29.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4488" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4291" CreationDate="2014-05-15T21:13:14.773" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would call it &quot;Стандартная форма.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T21:13:14.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4472" CreationDate="2014-05-15T21:15:32.343" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Бы&quot; is pretty close to &quot;would&quot;. Я бы сказал = I would say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T21:15:32.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4470" CreationDate="2014-05-15T21:17:58.200" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe поспевать is somewhat more colloquial. Созревать is more standard Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T21:17:58.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4441" CreationDate="2014-05-15T21:24:40.747" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sorry, but I'm at a loss from the question as well as the answers... There is absolutely no difference in pronunciation of Я in any of the words listed. The only exception is the case of Я as the first letter (Я, Яркий, Ярослав). There is a consonant sound preceding it and it sounds a bit like ЙA. It never, however, comes even remotely close to the pronunciation of &quot;I&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-05-15T21:24:40.747" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4441" CreationDate="2014-05-16T14:37:32.210" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A good ear for different sounds. These sounds maybe a bit different, depending on how a speaker wants it. Or the same. The thing is, usually Russian vowel reduction is described as a process consisting of two stages: first, the reduction in the first pretonic syllable (immediately before the stress) and then the second stage &quot;everywhere else&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, some researchers suggest that only pretonic-stage is consistent, and &quot;everywhere else&quot; is just a speedup device, i.e. it largely depends on making speaking easier and is prone to variation depending on the speaker, the amount of hypercorrection and how fast you speak. It was supported in a paper by the experiment, in which words and expressions were subject to less second-stage reduction where read slowly — but still, first-stage reduction remained the same no matter how slowly a person read a word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the practical point of view, the recommendation from the books and tips for announcers are as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1st pretonic&lt;/strong&gt;, that is, the first syllable before the stressed one: the vowel in Я (with or without Й) is mostly the same as unstressed И and Е: close to &quot;i&quot; in English words like &quot;hit&quot;. I-like vowel, but not as characteristic of &quot;ee&quot;-ness as in words like &quot;eat&quot; of &quot;see&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;everywhere else&lt;/strong&gt; in the unstressed position: similar to the previous, but somewhat closer to the unstressed &quot;А/О&quot; sound. More open.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, while in &quot;девять&quot; and &quot;Таня&quot; the sounds may be rendered a bit differently (also, Н is a nasal consonant which, of course, influences the sound), no distinction between them is usually made. But it is definitely not the kind of &lt;strong&gt;i&lt;/strong&gt; you woukld hear in &quot;machine&quot;: only the stressed &quot;И&quot; is pronounced that way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, I do not undestand the initial question. What can you possibly mean by &quot;have its softness prnounced&quot;? Palatalisation is always pronounced, stressed or unstressed, except when the consonant does not have &quot;soft&quot; counterpart. There are some writing conventions (in reflexive verbs &lt;em&gt;-ться&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;-тся&lt;/em&gt; are pronounced &lt;em&gt;ца&lt;/em&gt;). Some actors pronounce reflexive -ся as -са because it sound cooler and more in line with theatrical tradition (and probably saves the microphone a lot of hisses if you are recording their speech).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note also the difference of how stress works in Russian and English speech. The English language has rhythm, so if a syllable is stressed, then the one before it is reduced, and the one before that one is again a bit stronger. In Russian only the first syllable, IMMEDIATELY before the stressed one is somewhat clearer than the rest — the syllable, that in English is usually quite weak.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-05-16T14:37:32.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4466" CreationDate="2014-05-17T16:25:38.593" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Молодец!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мá-лá-дéц! or Ну ты молодéц! (more obvious sarcasm)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну ты молодец, блин! (sarcasm + mild annoyance)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Постарался, ничё не скажешь! (sarcasm + mild reproach)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3864" LastActivityDate="2014-05-17T16:25:38.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4427" CreationDate="2014-05-17T17:17:08.310" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I fully support the answer given by Andrey Chernyakhovskiy. &quot;Постучи его&quot; is invalid, although it's not obvious even to some native speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct variants would be &quot;постучи ему по спине&quot; (&quot;ему&quot; here is an indirect object), &quot;постучи по его спине&quot; (&quot;по его спине&quot; again is an indirect object) or &quot;похлопай его по спине&quot; (похлопай is a transitive verb).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3864" LastActivityDate="2014-05-17T17:17:08.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4496" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-17T19:59:11.403" Score="4" ViewCount="736" Body="&lt;p&gt;just for the sake of not giving a complement unintentionally&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3830" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T13:57:03.367" Title="what would be the correct way to say 'заткнись'" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4496" CreationDate="2014-05-18T06:11:16.107" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You need to explain the question more, but I'm guessing you just want to say 'Shut up' to some one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You can either just say 'заткнись' which means 'shut up'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Or say 'заткни рот' which means 'shut your mouth'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally find the second version more powerful and use it more often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3845" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-05-18T12:09:21.827" LastActivityDate="2014-05-18T12:09:21.827" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4498" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4500" CreationDate="2014-05-18T09:26:45.307" Score="4" ViewCount="406" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/1684/3538&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; answer  gives a short idea of using &lt;em&gt;human animate plural&lt;/em&gt; forms, e. g. that they are used for persons only (?!). However, it's not quite clear, when they apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;за стеной стоят пятеро женщин и трое мужчин.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  за стеной стоят пять женщин и три мужчины.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;придут двое бизнесменов на встречу.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  придут два бизнесмена на встречу.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are these sentences grammatically and semantically correct?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What's the difference in meaning between using a number and the animate plural?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When can the animate plural be used? Is it always when it designates an animate being?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-08-18T20:30:28.657" LastActivityDate="2019-08-18T20:30:28.657" Title="Human animate plural - двое, трое," Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4498" CreationDate="2014-05-18T10:53:26.343" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to many dictionaries this form can be applied to animate nouns that have masculine or common gender or to plural personal pronouns. Here's an article from Малый академический словарь (articles for other numbers are almost the same):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;трое&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  трои́х, числ. собир.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Три (счетного значения не имеет, употребляется с существительными мужского или общего рода, обозначающими лиц, а также с существительными, имеющими только мн. ч., и с личными местоимениями во мн. ч.).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Три девушки и трое юношей. Трое суток. Вам троим. У них троих.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see - the first example shows that you cannot say &lt;em&gt;трое девушек&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;пятеро женщин&lt;/em&gt;): only &lt;strong&gt;три девушки, пять женщин.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Трое суток&lt;/strong&gt; is (I believe) an example of common gender noun. Other dictionaries call this example &quot;существительные не имеющие формы единственного числа&quot; (nouns that do not have singular form). Other examples of such nouns are &lt;strong&gt;очки, часы, штаны, брюки&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вам троим. У них троих.&lt;/strong&gt; is an example of usage the words двое, трое, etc. with personal pronouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Are these sentences grammatically and semantically correct?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  As you can see, the &lt;strong&gt;пятеро женщин&lt;/strong&gt; is not correct. As far as I know there is no big difference between &lt;strong&gt;три мужчины&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;трое мужчин&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;  On the other hand you cannot say &lt;strong&gt;три суток&lt;/strong&gt;, only &lt;strong&gt;трое суток&lt;/strong&gt; is allowed. Same for &quot;нас три&quot; is not correct - only &quot;нас трое&quot; is correct.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;What's the difference in meaning between using a number and the animate plural?&#xA;  There is no difference in meaning.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;When can the animate plural be used? Is it always when it designates an animate being?&#xA;  No, it doesn't always mean the animate. &lt;strong&gt;Ножницы&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;сутки&lt;/strong&gt; are not animate.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-05-18T10:53:26.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4498" CreationDate="2014-05-18T11:29:28.860" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are called &lt;em&gt;collective&lt;/em&gt; plurals (&quot;собирательные числительные&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Usually it is considered that &quot;collective&quot; plurals &lt;strong&gt;двое, трое, четверо&lt;/strong&gt; and so on are used only for nouns of masculine and common gender. &quot;пятеро женщин&quot; is incorrect, though natives sometimes make such mistake (as it is not clear why you should not do so: probably, etymologically it was not used for feminine). These numerals are normally used with nouns denoting people, those or masuline and common gender. Also used with люди, ребята, дети, лица.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The difference is that it is a &quot;collective&quot; plural, so it more closely views people as a single group. A shade of meaning, I'd say. The difference in use is that, first, you rarely go beyond &lt;strong&gt;&quot;семеро&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and, second, oblique cases of collective plurals are really rare. So while you may see something like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;С теми двоими мужчинами что-то не так&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&quot;Something's wrong with these two men&quot;) once in a while, it is by no means a natural construction, and you would sound non-native should you use it often (fortunately, it look so convoluted that you are unlikely to use it often :))&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The one additional use you should remember is for &lt;em&gt;pluralia tantum&lt;/em&gt; nouns: those that are used only in plural (like English &quot;scissors&quot;, &quot;pants&quot;): &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;штаны, ворота, ножницы, сутки, часы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Remember, in Russian when you need a Nominative-like form of &lt;em&gt;number+noun&lt;/em&gt; for 1,2,3,4, you need Nom/Gen singular? But those nouns do not have singular! So instead you use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;одни&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;ножницы&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;двое/трое/четверо&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;ножниц&lt;/strong&gt;, also пятеро, шестеро ножниц. Some sources say that &quot;двое/трое/четверо&quot; should not be used with such nouns, some say nothing like that.&#xA;And use normal numerals in oblique cases. It becomes convoluted with numbers like 22,23,54 and so on. Believe it or not, they just cannot be used with such nouns. Though you may always say something like &quot;22 items of scissors&quot; (22 штуки ножниц) or just &quot;more that twenty scissors&quot;, which is more useful anyway. The whole problem probably originated in the fact that people do not often use large numbers in colloquial speech.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-05-18T11:44:18.827" LastActivityDate="2014-05-18T11:44:18.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4496" CreationDate="2014-05-18T14:38:10.913" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could also say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Умолкни!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Замолчи!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Угомонись!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тихо!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Цыц!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3812" LastEditorUserId="3812" LastEditDate="2014-05-18T14:52:06.587" LastActivityDate="2014-05-18T14:52:06.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4502" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4506" CreationDate="2014-05-18T15:34:13.440" Score="5" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Домашняя девушка.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that the same as home bird (домосед)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3812" LastActivityDate="2014-05-18T19:14:21.493" Title="What adjective &quot;домашний&quot; means related to people?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4496" CreationDate="2014-05-18T15:38:43.703" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I understand your question you know the Russian translations of &quot;shut up&quot;, but you are also alluding to the expression of incredulity that often comes with &quot;shut up&quot; in some contexts. You called it &quot;a complement&quot;. So, you're trying to avoid this, and convey the main meaning of the expression, i.e. to make someone stop talking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The good news is that Russian translations such as &quot;заткнись&quot; or &quot;(за)молчи&quot; do not have additional meanings. Заткнись is rather aggressive and/or rude, замолчи or молчи are less aggressive, but still are direct and demanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are many other equivalents such us those in other answers, of course. All of them are of different level of rudeness and aggression, which is difficult to gauge for a beginner Russian speaker. That's why I would try not directly asking someone to shut up in Russian while still learning the basics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="3595" LastEditDate="2014-05-18T15:48:32.820" LastActivityDate="2014-05-18T15:48:32.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4502" CreationDate="2014-05-18T17:04:01.353" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Домашняя девушка&quot; doesn't mean exactly the same as &quot;домосед&quot;. &quot;Домосед&quot; denotes a person who likes staying at home, while &quot;домашний&quot; denotes a person who likes being at home with his (her) family.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-05-18T17:04:01.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4502" CreationDate="2014-05-18T17:20:22.330" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;домашняя девушка&quot; can be approximately translated as &quot;domesticated girl&quot; in English, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/domesticate&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;meaning&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;to train (someone) to behave in an appropriate way at home (such as by&#xA;  using good manners, being polite, being helpful, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian this expression refers to a girl who tends to stay home most of the time rather going out a lot, partying etc. So, it's a slightly higher bar than simply behaving appropriately by modern Western standards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;домашнее животное&quot; means &quot;domesticated animal&quot;, e.g. &quot;домашний кот&quot; vs. &quot;дикий кот&quot; means a domesticated cat kept at home as a pet vs. a wild cat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When applied to animals the word &quot;domesticated&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/domesticate&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;means&lt;/a&gt; (similarly to Russian):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;to breed or train (an animal) to need and accept the care of human&#xA;  beings : to tame (an animal)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, &quot;домашний&quot; applied to humans or animals means almost the same as &quot;domesticated&quot; in English. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider the lyrics of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/robinthicke/blurredlines.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Blurred Lines&quot; song&lt;/a&gt; by R Thicke:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;OK now he was close, tried to domesticate you&#xA;  But you're an animal, baby, it's in your nature &#xA;  Just let me liberate you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="3595" LastEditDate="2014-05-18T17:29:30.843" LastActivityDate="2014-05-18T17:29:30.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4502" CreationDate="2014-05-18T17:23:49.797" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;домашний&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; when aplied to people is more like a neutral word denoting a pleasant person who likes staying at home and pursues activities that do not require much travel, noise and being far from home. Also, by alalogy with domestic animals, the word has a shade of that person being friendly, furry, nice, positive, Does not like conflicts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Домосед&quot; may focus on a person being, like &quot;too much&quot; of домашний — lazy, indifferent, refuses to go to interesting places even if it is easy and when explicitly offered and so on. However, it may still be pretty neutral. Think of &quot;persistent&quot; and &quot;stubborn&quot;, which also mean mostly the same quality but are used one with possitive and the other with negative connotation. &quot;Домосед&quot; is not as clearly positive as &quot;persistent&quot;, but not quite as negative of a characteristic as &quot;stubborn&quot;. Maybe halfway between the two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-05-18T17:23:49.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4507" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-18T18:38:54.583" Score="3" ViewCount="237" Body="&lt;p&gt;having difficulty with translating &quot;Industry expertise&quot; to Russian.&#xA;appreciate all input!&#xA;thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3867" LastActivityDate="2014-12-30T14:58:06.217" Title="How to translate &quot;Industry expertise&quot; to Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4502" CreationDate="2014-05-18T19:14:21.493" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depending on context - for example, &quot;мои домашние&quot; means &quot;people I live with&quot;, usually this also means relatives, not just friend who lives with you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3868" LastActivityDate="2014-05-18T19:14:21.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4511" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4519" CreationDate="2014-05-18T22:34:58.350" Score="1" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This statement expresses in a deep manner something about his nature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would be a proper translation of this phrase. The attempt looks like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это высказывание, глубоко выражает словами кое-что о него сущности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-05-21T14:01:56.777" Title="Translation of &quot;statement which expresses something in a deep manner&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4512" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4514" CreationDate="2014-05-18T22:44:17.963" Score="0" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also &lt;code&gt;существо&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;существование&lt;/code&gt; which seem quite different but I fail to differentiate those two in the title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Would somebody give a hint on what's &lt;code&gt;суть&lt;/code&gt; and in what it differs from &lt;code&gt;сущность&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-06-06T17:20:23.297" Title="суть vs. сущность" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4513" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4515" CreationDate="2014-05-18T23:13:15.593" Score="1" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;After writing a while I got unsure about using &lt;code&gt;чтоб&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;чтобы&lt;/code&gt;. I checked and found &lt;code&gt;чтоб&lt;/code&gt; would be colloquial for &lt;code&gt;чтобы&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1,%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B&amp;amp;year_start=1750&amp;amp;year_end=2014&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1;,%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1;,c0;.t1;,%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B;,c0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ngram&lt;/a&gt; indicates a slight rise of using &lt;code&gt;чтоб&lt;/code&gt; in literature since the last century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it considered normal using &lt;code&gt;чтоб&lt;/code&gt; in written form or is it uncommon somehow?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-05-21T13:43:06.393" Title="чтоб in written form" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4512" CreationDate="2014-05-18T23:31:37.513" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In some contexts these would be synonimous. I'd differentiate them as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;суть&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;the &quot;main point&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;,the most important and essential thing in something..Has a shade of &quot;summary&quot;, a short variant of &quot;the main thing&quot; rather than the comprehensive collection of everything important. Also, just a more popular word.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;сущность&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;what the thing is, its essense, nature&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; , meaning and all there is, central to its being itself. More bookish. Also, a person can have &quot;сущность&quot;/&quot;существо&quot; (&quot;Он раскрыл свою подлую сущность!&quot;) but a least for me it sound weird to use &quot;суть&quot;. Connected to the idea of being and existence, so you use it when discussing nature of something rather than &quot;the main point&quot;. I like the example &quot;Классовая сущность государства&quot;(the class nature of the state) — you just cannot use &quot;суть&quot; here.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for set expressions, try not mixing this up:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;по существу/по сути&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в сущности&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вникнуть в суть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;суть дела/вопроса/проблемы and also сущность. I like &quot;суть&quot; better as it is shorter (if you want to get to the essense, why bother using cumbersome &quot;сущность дела&quot; to convey that idea)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В чём суть?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сути это не меняет.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;А суть процесса сводится к тому, что.. ~ &quot;And the main idea is, in essense, as follows ...&quot; → the direct corollary of &quot;the main point&quot;: &quot;the nature of the proccess&quot; cannot come down to some simple explanations, because it cannot be changed just by you speaking about it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;А суть в чем? When in doubt, analyze it like that: &lt;em&gt;&quot;суть&quot;=&quot;the main point&quot;, &quot;сущность&quot;=&quot;essense, nature&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bonus knowledge: &quot;суть&quot; also used to be a 3rd person plural of &quot;to be&quot;. Still used, often in singular (who cares?) in bookish contexts when people want to sound clever while expressing complicated ideas about the nature of things and laws of nature.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-05-18T23:31:37.513" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4513" CreationDate="2014-05-18T23:40:13.853" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is common, just not formal. Consider these: &quot;I own no horse&quot;/&quot;I have no horse&quot;/&quot;I haven't got a horse&quot;/&quot;I got no horse&quot;/&quot;Ain't got no horse&quot;. The first is strikingly unnatural and formal, the last is way too informal for most uses. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Чтоб&quot; is slightly stylistically colored as an informal/old variant, and, of course it is freely used in poetry to keep meter right. It does not mostly sound rude in forums, it sound OK in literature (especially when writing &quot;informal&quot; dialogues). But it is a bad choice if you are writing an essay or some other piece of formal writing (a scientific paper, a legal document etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Remember also that &quot;Чтоб ты сдох/лопнул&quot; is always like that. These type of wishes are not normally expressed &quot;formally&quot; with &quot;чтобы&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise... For instance, I feel that I seldom ever use &quot;чтоб&quot;. There is just no need to (except for &quot;чтоб ты сдох&quot;), and besides, sound much more fluid in speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-05-18T23:40:13.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4516" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4518" CreationDate="2014-05-18T23:45:38.063" Score="0" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apparently &lt;em&gt;признавать&lt;/em&gt; conjugates the same like the verb with perfective aspect &lt;em&gt;признать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus present and future conjugates&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Singular  &#xA;признаю, -ешь, -ет  &#xA;Plural  &#xA;признаем, -ете, -ют  &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is that right?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What kind of verb is it?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How to distinguish present and future then?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and does it affect the future with a form of &lt;code&gt;быть&lt;/code&gt; (e. g. &lt;code&gt;буду&lt;/code&gt; + &lt;code&gt;признать / признавать&lt;/code&gt;)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T00:10:33.220" Title="conjugate признавать" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4516" CreationDate="2014-05-19T00:00:28.573" Score="0" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я признаю&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ты признаёшь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;она признаёт&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мы признаём&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вы признаёте&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;они признают&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is an end-stressed verb, unlike stem-stressed &quot;признать&quot;. Imperfective aspect. They don't have one single form where they sound the same. Better check &lt;em&gt;gramota.ru&lt;/em&gt; next time. At least, they always have Ё when needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your last question, &quot;compound&quot; future with &quot;быть&quot; only ever uses imperfective verbs. So use &quot;признавать&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T00:00:28.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4516" CreationDate="2014-05-19T00:10:33.220" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This ia an imperfective/perfective pair of verbs, &lt;code&gt;признавать&lt;/code&gt; is imperfective, &lt;code&gt;признать&lt;/code&gt; is perfective. The forms of the two verbs are written the same way, but they are distinguished with the stress which is usually not marked in writing, although sometimes it can be marked to get rid of ambiguity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Признавáть&lt;/code&gt; (imp.) has the stress on the suffix, just like the infinitive, these forms have the meaning of the Present tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Singular&#xA;признаю́, признаёшь, признаёт&#xA;Plural&#xA;признаём, признаёте, признаю́т&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Признáть&lt;/code&gt; (perf.) has the stress on the root, just like the infinitive, these forms have the meaning of the Future tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Singular&#xA;признáю, признáешь, признáет&#xA;Plural&#xA;признáем, признáете, признáют&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only &lt;code&gt;признавать&lt;/code&gt; can have the Future tense formed with &quot;быть&quot;: &lt;code&gt;буду признавать&lt;/code&gt; (will acknowledge).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T00:10:33.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4511" CreationDate="2014-05-19T00:12:46.300" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would rather rephrase it as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это высказывание даёт нам понять нечто важное о его сущности&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(lit. &quot;This statement lets us understand something important about his nature&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not &lt;strong&gt;exactly&lt;/strong&gt; the same but sounds much better and get the message across (I hope) approximately in the style you are trying to mimic. Maybe even more bookish I am afraid that there is no way to keep &quot;in a deep manner&quot;, though you may link it somewhere else (i.e &quot;expresses something deep about his nature&quot;, &quot;expressed something about his true, deep nature&quot;). Note also that &quot;something&quot; is one of the sources of the problem here. As it does not sound bookish and profound to just us &quot;что-то о его сущности&quot;, and if fact the whole &quot;tells something about him&quot; sounds kinda informal in Russian, it limits the degree of freedom you have here. You just have to juggle the words around to make it sound right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could you clarify what is it exactly you are writing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;о его&quot; is used without the initial &quot;н&quot;. Here &quot;его&quot; is a possessive adjective (his), not a pronoun (him), though, obviously, the possessive form originated as the Genitive form of a pronoun.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T00:12:46.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4520" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4521" CreationDate="2014-05-19T00:37:27.650" Score="1" ViewCount="817" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking for a word for &lt;em&gt;longing, yearning&lt;/em&gt; I found &lt;code&gt;желание&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;стремление&lt;/code&gt;. However,  these seem somehow too shallow for the given use case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually I'd like to use &lt;code&gt;тоска&lt;/code&gt; but this word possibly has a negative or melancholic connotation which is also not what I'm looking for. Is that so? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is there any other alternative to express a profound yearning / longing?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What verb would be used with &lt;code&gt;тоска&lt;/code&gt; and/or any alternative to say &lt;em&gt;quench the yearning&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-19T00:48:28.660" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T08:09:14.427" Title="connotation of тоска" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;connotation&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4520" CreationDate="2014-05-19T01:05:05.223" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;тоска&quot;, mysterious as it is, is associated with melancholical, kinda depressing yearning for thing to be better/more in line with what you want. SO it may mean two things: &quot;yearning/depression&quot; and just &quot;boredom&quot; (then it is the same as &quot;скука&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If what you mean is a strong, emotionally &quot;painful&quot; desire for something that is, perhaps, out of your reach, and has been so, then &quot;тоска&quot; is kind of a right word. &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Заглушить тоску&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; will work (though, I just made it up, and it sounds as a &quot;temporary&quot; solution).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Желание is &quot;wish, desire&quot; and &quot;стремление&quot; is more like &quot;striving, aspiration&quot; and even &quot;intention&quot; in some context, i.e. something that makes you strive for something (whil &quot;тоска&quot; is a passive thing)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So.. what is the meaning of your &quot;quench the yearning&quot;? Is it the same as &quot;quench your thirst&quot; (satisfy it) or &quot;quench the disire&quot; (&quot;kill&quot; it). Or maybe &quot;shut off&quot; your desire if only temporary?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The alternative words for profound yearnung: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;острое/сильное желание&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;жажда (lit. &quot;thirst&quot;, a strong and sometimes active desire)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;стремление (if it is active! And only then)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T01:05:05.223" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4522" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4533" CreationDate="2014-05-19T01:58:04.363" Score="1" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given the verb/expression &lt;em&gt;to define something/-body through something/-body&lt;/em&gt; as in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Some people define themselves through their job.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  He defines himself through his wife.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The size of a circle can be defined through it's diameter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How to translate these sentences into Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I though of &lt;code&gt;определить .. через&lt;/code&gt;, but I'm quite unsure, especially in the first cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Несколько людей определяют себя через их работу.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Он определяет себя через его жену.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Размер круга можно определить через его диаметр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-28T18:21:39.113" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T23:42:34.190" Title="Translation of &quot;to define something/-body through something&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4522" CreationDate="2014-05-19T07:42:47.110" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate it as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Некоторых людей определяет их работа.&#xA;Он узнается по своей жене.&#xA;Размер окружности определяется ее диаметром.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are not word-to-word translations, but IMO better reflect the meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3748" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T07:42:47.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4524" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4522" CreationDate="2014-05-19T07:44:27.343" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would have translated the first ones expression with &quot;самовыражать(ся)&quot; - to self-express:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Some people define themselves through their job.&#xA;Некоторые люди самовыражаются через свою работу.&#xA;&#xA;He defines himself through his wife.&#xA;Он самовыражается через свою жену.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, the last sentence's translation seems fine with me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="899" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T07:44:27.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4507" CreationDate="2014-05-19T07:57:15.457" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depending on the context.&#xA;If applied to person like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;He has industry expertise.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;that could be translated as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он имеет производственный опыт.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он компетентный в вопросах производства. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он разбирается в производстве.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он знаком с производством.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3812" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T07:57:15.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4507" CreationDate="2014-05-19T08:02:17.843" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think &lt;em&gt;industry&lt;/em&gt; in this context refers to &lt;em&gt;производство&lt;/em&gt;. In English, term &lt;em&gt;industry expertise&lt;/em&gt; usually refers to specialist knowledge in any particular area, which could be finance, computing, etc.  Therefore, in relation to a person, I would translate phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He has industry expertise&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он - компетентный специалист&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T08:02:17.843" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4512" CreationDate="2014-05-19T08:20:40.497" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would like to add to Shady_arc's answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;существо&lt;/strong&gt; means living being, organism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;сущность&lt;/strong&gt; might mean any entity, not just living being.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;существование&lt;/strong&gt;  means being, existence.  Much broader term than living.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3812" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T08:20:40.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4507" CreationDate="2014-05-19T09:55:28.303" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;What we hear more and more often in these days is the calque from English, 'экспертиза'. However, this new usage of the word is largely limited to international businesses and hasn't yet made way to the wide audience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2284" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T09:55:28.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4512" CreationDate="2014-05-19T13:41:30.960" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Суть&lt;/strong&gt; - Meaning; main point&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сущность&lt;/strong&gt; - Essence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Существо&lt;/strong&gt; - A being&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Существование&lt;/strong&gt; - Existence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T13:41:30.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4520" CreationDate="2014-05-19T13:50:43.053" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could try &quot;стремительное желание&quot; if that works for you. One word translations are sometimes inadequate. English tends to be a bit more terse/efficient - able to get more meaning into a smaller space.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T13:50:43.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4496" CreationDate="2014-05-19T13:57:03.367" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want to avoid offence, especially in a group, try asking for attention:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Прошу внимания!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T13:57:03.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4522" CreationDate="2014-05-19T16:31:23.970" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. The size of a circle can be defined through it's diameter.&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your translation of 'circle' example is quite correct. &lt;em&gt;Define&lt;/em&gt; here is a mathematical term and it translates by using Russian mathematical terms &lt;strong&gt;определить&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;выразить&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Размер круга &lt;strong&gt;можно определить&lt;/strong&gt; через его диаметр.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Размер круга &lt;strong&gt;может быть выражен&lt;/strong&gt; через его диаметра.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for other two examples - I beleive there may be different translations depending on what is meant:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Some people define themselves through their job.&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If 'defines' describes the phrases like 'Me - is my work' or 'Me - is who my wife is', then I think &lt;strong&gt;ассоциировать&lt;/strong&gt; may work here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Некоторые люди &lt;strong&gt;ассоциируют себя&lt;/strong&gt; со своей работой (или должностью).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, here is a citation from psychological site:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Например, если мы привыкли &lt;strong&gt;ассоциировать себя&lt;/strong&gt; с нашим положением на работе, с нашей должностью или положением в обществе, то любая угроза – мнимая или реальная, - порождает тревогу в нашем сердце. Если мы привыкли &lt;strong&gt;ассоциировать себя&lt;/strong&gt; с семьей, то любая угроза нашему семейному положению, нашей сути, вызывает у нас неуправляемую тревогу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. He defines himself through his wife.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However it is not easy to just say &quot;Он ассоциирует себя с женой&quot; - this sounds like &quot;He thinks that he is his wife&quot; (in other words - he is crazy). I think here we need to say &lt;em&gt;what&lt;/em&gt; in his wife is important to him. If it is her success (in business or in life) then:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Он ассоциирует себя&lt;/strong&gt; с успехом жены.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is her beauty then maybe &lt;strong&gt;самоутверждается&lt;/strong&gt; is better choice here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Он самоутверждается&lt;/strong&gt; с помощью красивой жены.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T16:31:23.970" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4520" CreationDate="2014-05-19T19:49:02.600" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;if what you're after is both longing and yearning, then &lt;code&gt;тоска&lt;/code&gt; fits the bill&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-05-19T19:49:02.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4535" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4536" CreationDate="2014-05-20T07:24:49.107" Score="1" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;p&gt;I did some research but not getting anywhere. &lt;code&gt;выполнение&lt;/code&gt; is probably not the right thing and &lt;code&gt;успех&lt;/code&gt; seems to be too... casual? &lt;strong&gt;The term should express that it is about fulfillment of spiritual needs.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance how could these sentences be translated into Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He tries to find fulfillment in being perfect in his job.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  She tries to find fulfillment in cleaning the house until it looks polished.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-28T18:21:26.193" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T22:12:05.373" Title="Translation of &quot;to find fulfillment in something&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4535" CreationDate="2014-05-20T08:04:59.073" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think there is a direct phrase in Russian that confers the same meaning as &lt;em&gt;find fulfillment&lt;/em&gt; in English.  There are a couple of Russian idioms that can be used - depending on context - to provide a translation. One of them is &lt;em&gt;найти себя&lt;/em&gt;, although it's more often used to describe something that has happened:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он нашел себя на этой работе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other options is to use word &lt;em&gt;удовлетворение&lt;/em&gt; (literally &lt;em&gt;satisfaction&lt;/em&gt;, which could be considered a synonym in this context):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он пытается найти удовлетворение, достигая совершенства в своей работе.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Она пытается найти удовлетворение, убирая дом, пока он не выглядит вылизанным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T08:04:59.073" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4537" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4520" CreationDate="2014-05-20T08:09:14.427" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Влечение' and its weaker form 'увлечение'. Both could be used to express yearning/longing to something or somebody (with 'влечение', in the latter case it could also bear subtle sexual context).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="899" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T08:09:14.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4538" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-20T08:18:49.673" Score="8" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;p&gt;If someone asks me&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почему ты не сделал домашние задание?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I Have to answer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы с другом &lt;em&gt;сходили&lt;/em&gt; с собакой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы с другом &lt;em&gt;ходили&lt;/em&gt; с собакой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3871" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-05-20T08:20:21.447" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T16:40:16.140" Title="Совершенный вид?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4538" CreationDate="2014-05-20T08:58:51.803" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему ты не &lt;strong&gt;сделал&lt;/strong&gt; домашнее задание? means &quot;Why haven't you done the homework?&quot;, so the person who asked it wants to know if you have finished the homework, is there is a result of doing the homework. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему ты не &lt;strong&gt;делал&lt;/strong&gt; домашнее задание? means &quot;Why haven't you been doing the homework&quot;, so the person who asked it wants to know why haven't you started to do the homework, he (she) is interested in the action of doing the homework, not in the result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the answer to the first question would be: &quot;Я не сделал домашнее задание, потому что оно очень трудное&quot; or &quot;Я не сделал домашнее задание, потому что заболел&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second example of yours, there are two verbs of motion. &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Ходить&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is always imperfective and means a two-way motion on foot. If you use this verb, you have to name the exact direction: &quot;Мы с другом ходили с собакой &lt;strong&gt;в лес&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, for example. It means that you went to the forest and then returned. The verb &quot;ходить&quot; can also denote the absense of direction or a multi-directional movement, so it could also be: &quot;Мы с другом ходили с собакой &lt;strong&gt;по лесу&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Сходить&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is a perfective verb of motion means a quick two-way motion of foot. &quot;Мы с другом сходили с собакой в лес&quot; means you went to the forest quickly an then returned. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T08:58:51.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4535" CreationDate="2014-05-20T12:25:26.097" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would just use &quot;реализовать себя&quot; (реализоваться also works coloquially, but somehow does not sound exactly right) when it is in more general sense (i.e. to make one's life happier and more meaningful). Though, it does not work with cleaning the house, as it has nothing to do with spiritual need. But it works with things like travel, work, family, science, creative work, helping other people etc.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Он пытается реализовать себя&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;достигая совершенства в работе / идеально&#xA;   выполняя свою работу&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a less &quot;precise&quot; language the following also sounds kinda OK: &quot;Он пытается реализоваться, идеально делая свою работу&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &quot;выразить себя&quot; (to express oneself) may work if it has to do with the desire to find a way to express your personality in your life. Still.. Maybe it is not my business but it seems you are dealing with a long text of the abtract kind. You would be much better looking at the ideas in larger blocks and then rearranging them in Russian to make it for a more natural language. &quot;find fulfilment&quot; will never sound natural in Russian as there is no word of phrase specifically associated with such a construction (in all its uses). So you are aiming here for stilted language at best — and completely unnatural if you are unlucky to mess something up. However, in the longer paragraph it is much easier: you can use a more generic term in one sentence and then make the idea more specific and precise in the next one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T12:25:26.097" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4535" CreationDate="2014-05-20T12:51:46.547" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Oсуществление&lt;/code&gt; comes close to the definition of &lt;code&gt;fulfillment&lt;/code&gt; which is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/fulfillment&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;realization (реализовать) of something&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He tries to find fulfillment in being perfect in his job.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Он пытается найти осуществление достигая совершенства в своей работе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;She tries to find fulfillment in cleaning the house until it looks polished.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Она пытается найти осуществление в уберание дома пока он не выгладит блестящий. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3848" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T12:51:46.547" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2205" CreationDate="2014-05-20T12:52:19.710" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally, the Russian scientific research degree &quot;doctor nauk&quot; is granted for investigating unresolvable and more universal scientfic topics and not for new and uninvestigated and particular scientfic problems as it is in tne case of PhD degree attainment. Therefore,  PhD degree, frome these respective, more corresponds with Candidate of sciences degree. But PhD dissertation in social sciences usually is much bigger in length. If PhD dissertation consists of at least 80 000 words, the Candidate of sciences dissertation consists of nearly from 40 000 to 60 000 words. But the tasks of the dissertations and necessary demands of the individual contribution in the particular science are the same.This contribution sounds like &quot;the scientifical novelty&quot;, which is necessary declared in the Russian and other CIS countries' candidate of sciences dissertations' introductions. The Bologna system is not applied to the post-graduate degrees, so candidate of sciences oficially and &quot;doctor nauk&quot; degrees are called &quot;scientific degrees&quot; and they are not called &quot;academic&quot; degrees. For the &quot;doctor nauk&quot; degree attainment there are needed the new resolution method for the problems which cannot be resolved by old methods.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most correct translation in my opinion are next:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) PhD  - доктор философии из (name of science(s) in respective grammar case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2)PhD student -     учащийся (учащаяся)  (or студент(студентка) в учреждении (учреждения),or департаменте (департамента) etc.  на соискание ученой степени Доктора философии (из) (...) при or в (name of university, country etc., or соискатель ученой степени Доктора философии из... при or в (name of the university, etc.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Russian official procedures there the copy of  PhD holder certification is needed, probably, as well as there are need of any document affirming status of PhD student for the personal status clarification. Analoguous translations are useful for M.D. and other equivalents of PhD.&#xA; In the case of the DSc there is also useful to clarify the content of the degree meaning  (as it is in the case of informal communication) by adding an explanation concerning a country which academical degree was attained in (e.g. Я доктор философских наук, германская ученая степень).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3872" LastEditorUserId="3872" LastEditDate="2014-05-23T17:06:38.467" LastActivityDate="2014-05-23T17:06:38.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2205" CreationDate="2014-05-20T15:23:51.843" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it is incorrect to translate PhD as &quot;кандидат наук&quot; into Russian for this asserts some kind of an equivalence between the degrees. It should be translated as &quot;доктор философии&quot;, and  in my opinion this is the practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your audience is most likely aware of the differences between PhD and кандидат наук degrees. Moreover, almost all Russian speaking countries are in some state of conversion to PhD style graduate studies under &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_Process&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bologna process&lt;/a&gt;, e.g. all Baltic states are in PhD style now. For instance, in Kazakhstan it will simply be misleading to refer to PhD as кандидат наук for these are distinct degrees over there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However it is Ok to translate PhD student as &quot;аспирант&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dissertation is obviously translated as &quot;диссертаця&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T15:23:51.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4538" CreationDate="2014-05-20T16:40:16.140" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A better translation would be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мы с другом гуляли с собакой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is similar to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы с другом ходили с собакой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;except that it sounds more natural when referring to a walk with a dog.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that the other option may also work in some contexts&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы с другом сходили с собакой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not as good as the other option, because &lt;code&gt;ходили&lt;/code&gt; reflects the prolonged duration of the activity, which caused you to not work on your homework.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Btw, any parent will attest that it's not unusual excuse for skipping the home work :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T16:40:16.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="208" CreationDate="2014-05-20T18:32:42.067" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Will answer as ukrainian who perfect speak and write both languages. Ukrainian language absolutely different from russian. Almost every ukrainian can speak and write in Russian, because we all study russian language in school for 8 years. But russian especially from regions far away from ukrainian border-dont understand ukrainian at all.Few examples: dad-papa in russian and tato in ukrainian.Flowers in English, zvetu in russian , kvitu in ukrai ian.I think russian and ukrainian language s have no more then 5% common words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3874" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T18:32:42.067" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4546" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2205" CreationDate="2014-05-20T20:13:20.990" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Still, if to be correcter, the Russian and some CIS  candidate of sciences dissertaions in the social sciences  consist of nearly 35000-40000 words in average. It is without the list of references,the title, appendices and the table of content. There may be something more than 48000 words  in the candidate of sciences' dissertations in the social sciences in the Ukraine. It is also without the dissertation elements mentioned about.&#xA;Despite the candidate of sciences dissertations are generally directed in the research of the uninvestigated or not enough investigated and narrow topics,as well as PhD dissertations are,their structure are something different. PhD dissertations may have the elements like hipotheses and conceptual framework   that may roughly correspond with candidate of sciences dissertation chapter that are called &quot;methodology&quot;. Maybe, even Russian &quot;Doctor nauk&quot; dissertation doesn't exceed five chapters. Therefore tne number of tasks may be in  the PhD dissertation bigger than in the candidate of sciences dissertation despite similarities in the essence (character) of these tasks. Therefore, the translation  of PhD in Russian as &quot;доктор философии&quot; is correct and is concerned with the cultural uniqueness of the Western educational culture. There are not exact equivalents for PhD in Russia and in the CIS countries and it is in many ways accepted in their population. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3872" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T20:13:20.990" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4547" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4548" CreationDate="2014-05-20T22:23:20.833" Score="4" ViewCount="314" Body="&lt;p&gt;здравствуйте, hello,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm following a Russian language course for beginners (for I am one) on Youtube [1].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is some example dialog about interrogative words and negation :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чьё это пальто ?&#xA;  Я не знаю , чьё это пальто .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;My problem :&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This use of the comma seems very odd to me&lt;/em&gt;, and I'm wondering whether I should learn it as a syntax / punctuation rule for the use of commas in the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In French, my mother tongue, I would say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;À qui est cette veste ?&#xA;  Je ne sais pas à qui est cette veste.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, I am not completely certain but this :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Whose coat is this ?&#xA;  I don't know whose coat this is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;sounds much better than :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Whose coat is this ?&#xA;  I don't know, whose coat this is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;My reasoning :&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For me it seems logical not to have the comma because the part &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;чьё это пальто.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in the answer is the &lt;em&gt;&quot;direct object&quot;&lt;/em&gt; of the action &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Я не знаю&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, as I understand it in French and English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know Russian sometimes constructs sentences in a much different way, so any advice, short or long, will be much appreciated !  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you in advance, and of course please feel free to correct me on my English sentence if it's wrong. And for my use of commas in general ^_^ .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Notes&lt;/em&gt;:&#xA;[1] Full Russian language course for English speakers produced years ago on videotapes and archived by some American language school.&#xA;Question for moderators : should I provide a link or would it be advertisement ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3875" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T23:02:39.767" Title="Beginner : Use of comma in some short simple question - answer dialogue" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4547" CreationDate="2014-05-20T23:02:39.767" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This comma is really needed, and it's absolutely in full consent with the Russian grammar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule is: &quot;every clause that has its own subject and predicate is to be sparated with commas.&quot; {rule 1}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;code&gt;Я не знаю, чьё это пальто.&lt;/code&gt; there's an objectibe clause &lt;code&gt;чьё это пальто&lt;/code&gt;, inside it &lt;code&gt;это пальто&lt;/code&gt; is the subject and &lt;code&gt;чьё&lt;/code&gt; is the predicate, so, according to {rule 1} it has to be sparated with commas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-05-20T23:02:39.767" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4551" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4513" CreationDate="2014-05-21T13:43:06.393" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To refer to the part of the question about the historical written usage patterns - one might hypothesize that &quot;чтоб&quot; has seen a rise in usage frequency in the 20th century for three reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;before the 20th century the word &quot;чтоб&quot; has been mostly used in its archaic/poetic/high form, i.e. as a direct synonym of &quot;чтобы&quot;. This was probably limited to the (now classical) poetry and literature pieces.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;in the 20th century, the archaic use was mostly abandoned, with the exception of purposeful stylistic mimicry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;however, the colloquial/pejorative context became much more commonly used in written form, with the liberalization of the language (note how the usage rises sharply right after the October Revolution years in the 1917-1920).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3878" LastActivityDate="2014-05-21T13:43:06.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4511" CreationDate="2014-05-21T14:01:56.777" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To refer to the somewhat downplayed &quot;in a deep manner&quot; part, something like this might also be appropriate here, depending on what is the focus of the original statement (i.e. it is always better to provide additional context for such translations):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Глубинный смысл данного высказывания позволяет лучше понять его сущность&quot; - note that this is quite formal and to be used in written form or in official public speeches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another remark - the translation of the last word may depend on the context, it might also be translated as &quot;характер&quot; or &quot;природа&quot; (less probable but possible) depending on what exactly is to be understood about the person in question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3878" LastActivityDate="2014-05-21T14:01:56.777" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4553" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4460" CreationDate="2014-05-21T14:09:43.747" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Easy answer: -off is a French transliteration (or stylisation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past (up to beginning of 20th century) French language was more popular in Russia than English. it is quite usual for old transliterations to be French.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, current Brazilian president's name is Dilma Rousseff. In English transliteration her father's surname would be just Rusev.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2014-05-21T14:09:43.747" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4291" CreationDate="2014-05-21T15:09:25.573" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, it's &quot;начальная форма&quot;. And in my understanding of how form names are formed, if there was some suffix (affix, postfix, or whatever) to make this neutral form, we would have some special word for it, but there is none. It's just the form from which you start and make any other form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2014-05-21T15:09:25.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4555" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4556" CreationDate="2014-05-22T07:25:45.453" Score="3" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What's the difference in grammar, meaning and so forth between&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Любовь Бога&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Любовь Божья&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Любовь Божия&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is no such thing like &lt;code&gt;божественная любовь&lt;/code&gt;, right?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T06:46:32.520" Title="Любовь Бога / Божья / Божия" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4555" CreationDate="2014-05-22T07:58:23.270" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's difference, but it's minor, slight stylistic peculiarities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Любовь Бога&lt;/code&gt; - Like every attribute expressed by the Genitive case it has 2 meanings, the active and the passive one, the former is &quot;I love God&quot;, the latter is &quot;God loves me.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Любовь Божья&lt;/code&gt; - This one means &quot;The Love of God, the love of the kind as God loves&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Любовь Божия&lt;/code&gt; - This one is almost the same as #2, but it's more Church-Slavonic than Russian, it sounds the way they say it in churches.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Божественная любовь&lt;/code&gt; - this is rather different from the previous ones, it means &quot;divine love&quot; which is more about the quality of love than about the subject of love, it's not about who, but about how one  loves.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-05-22T07:58:23.270" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4557" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-22T09:11:47.507" Score="2" ViewCount="1020" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been seeing the phrase &lt;em&gt;«Не читайте до обеда советских газет»&lt;/em&gt; used in various contexts related to politics, mass media and biased information sources, but I don't really understand what it means. Here are some of my theories about its meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Newspapers in general can spoil appetite, so it's better to read after the first meal of the day;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Morning newspapers contain bogus information, so it's better to wait until the afternoon issues;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Soviet newspapers in particular induce desperation on its readers, so they're better avoided.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are my theories correct, and what is the true meaning of this phrase?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastActivityDate="2018-10-10T04:56:12.833" Title="Meaning of «Не читайте до обеда советских газет»" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-10-10T09:02:53.350" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4557" CreationDate="2014-05-22T09:22:04.270" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a quote from Bulgakov's &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_of_a_Dog&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Heart of a Dog&lt;/a&gt; novel widely used in russian language and points to a bad side of soviet propaganda.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The full quote definitely will help you to understand it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;- Food, Ivan Arnoldovich, is a subtle thing. One must know how to eat, yet just think – most people don’t know how to eat at all. One must not only know what to eat, but when and how.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Philip Philipovich waved his fork meaningfully.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-And what to say while you’re eating. Yes, my dear sir. If you care about your digestion, my advice is – don’t talk about bolshevism or medicine at table. &lt;strong&gt;And, God forbid – never read Soviet newspapers before dinner.&lt;/strong&gt;’ &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;- &lt;strong&gt;M’mm . . . But there are no other newspapers.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;- &lt;strong&gt;In that case don’t read any at all.&lt;/strong&gt; Do you know I once made thirty tests in my clinic. And what do you think? The patients who never read newspapers felt excellent. Those whom I specially made read Pravda all lost weight.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3882" LastActivityDate="2014-05-22T09:22:04.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4557" CreationDate="2014-05-22T09:22:33.370" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a citation from &lt;strong&gt;Собачье сердце&lt;/strong&gt; book by &lt;strong&gt;Михаил Булгаков&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Преображенский:&lt;/strong&gt; Если вы заботитесь о своем пищеварении, мой добрый совет — не говорите за обедом о большевизме и о медицине. И — боже вас сохрани — не читайте до обеда советских газет.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Борменталь:&lt;/strong&gt; Гм… Да ведь других нет.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Преображенский:&lt;/strong&gt; Вот никаких и не читайте. Вы знаете, я произвел 30 наблюдений у себя в клинике. И что же вы думаете? Пациенты, не читающие газет, чувствуют себя превосходно. Те же, которых я специально заставлял читать «Правду», — теряли в весе. […] Мало этого. Пониженные коленные рефлексы, скверный аппетит, угнетенное состояние духа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, your first assumption is backed by prof. Преображенский: Newspapers in general can spoil appetite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the Soviet part of the phrase - the Борменталь's notes that there are no other newspapers available - only Soviet ones. So, here we can see an irony of the author - are the newspapers bad because they are Soviet, or all the newspapers are bad?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-05-22T09:22:33.370" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4507" CreationDate="2014-05-23T06:20:53.013" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are wiling to show high level of expertise of some person, you could use quite common phrase &quot;признанный эксперт&quot;. But that is having slight accent on accepting his expertise by others. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сергей Михайлович был признанным экспертом в области машиностроительства.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, you could emphasise his high-level expertise alone with &quot;высококлассный специалист&quot;, &quot;профессионал высокого класса&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сергей Михайлович был высококлассным специалистом по древообрабатывающим станкам&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3885" LastEditorUserId="3885" LastEditDate="2014-12-30T14:06:17.710" LastActivityDate="2014-12-30T14:06:17.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4562" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4632" CreationDate="2014-05-23T20:13:49.083" Score="1" ViewCount="554" Body="&lt;p&gt;What would be the difference between&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;другой&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;иной&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;по-другому&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;по-иному / иначе&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bonus:   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What comes &lt;em&gt;иначе&lt;/em&gt; from (is it comparative of &lt;em&gt;иной&lt;/em&gt;)?   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there something alike for &lt;em&gt;другой&lt;/em&gt;? And why or why not?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-24T05:41:23.880" LastActivityDate="2014-05-31T13:51:16.230" Title="другой vs. иной" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4562" CreationDate="2014-05-23T21:46:06.137" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;иной is an adjective and synonymous with другой. The only difference would be common sayings or phrases that use one or the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;по-другому and по-иному / иначе are also synonyms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki&lt;/a&gt;/иной&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki&lt;/a&gt;/другой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;иначе is an adverb whereas иной is an adjective, so something alike for другой would also be an adverb from другой (probably you would just use по-другому).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope it helps!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3889" LastActivityDate="2014-05-23T21:46:06.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4565" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4568" CreationDate="2014-05-24T13:44:20.497" Score="4" ViewCount="252" Body="&lt;p&gt;When counting things, as in 1, 2, 3, 4, ... what suffix is applied to the end of the words? For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is 1 dog, but 2 cats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are 3 planes available today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first 4 doors are locked, but the 5th door is not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3891" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2014-05-25T01:46:06.163" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T01:56:44.363" Title="How does counting change the suffix of a word?" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4566" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4572" CreationDate="2014-05-24T14:46:47.433" Score="7" ViewCount="401" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I asked a Russian friend why he lives in Poland, he wrote: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;просто однажды я задумался, об образовании, и пришёл к решению, что в Польше уровень образования будет &lt;strong&gt;как-никак&lt;/strong&gt; выше, и получив польский диплом у меня будет больше возможностей в будущем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does &lt;em&gt;как-никак&lt;/em&gt; mean in this context? The dictionaries give so many different meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2018-10-17T12:21:18.513" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T12:21:18.513" Title="The meaning of &quot;как-никак&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="4567" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4569" CreationDate="2014-05-24T14:56:52.163" Score="2" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following passage, shouldn't кораблекрушение be in the genitive case? Or is this a typo?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Из разговора также совершенно ясно, что вахтенный заметил в свете хвостовых прожекторов человека, потерпевшего &lt;strong&gt;кораблекрушение&lt;/strong&gt;.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-05-24T15:09:15.977" Title="Should this be genitive?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4565" CreationDate="2014-05-24T14:57:02.840" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When counting there are three plural forms when the object being counted is the subject of the sentence. Let n represent a number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the last (units) digit of n is 1 but the last two digits are not 11: use nominative singular&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;один кот, двадцать один кот, сорок один кот, тысяча один кот...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the last (units) digit of n is 2, 3, or 4 but the last two digits are not 12, 13, 14: use genitive singular&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;два кота, три кота, четыре кота, двадцать два кота, тридцать три кота, сорок четыре кота...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;all other cases: the last two digits are 11, 12, ..., 19 or the last digit ends in 5 or higher or ends in 0. Use genitive plural. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пять котов, десять котов, семнадцать котов, двадцать котов, тысяча одиннадцать котов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3812" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2014-05-25T01:56:44.363" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T01:56:44.363" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4567" CreationDate="2014-05-24T15:09:15.977" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Everything is correct in that sentence, the Accusative case is used correctly. &lt;code&gt;Потерпеть&lt;/code&gt; is a transitive word, and its direct object, &lt;code&gt;кораблекрушение&lt;/code&gt; is naturally in the Accusative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-05-24T15:09:15.977" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4566" CreationDate="2014-05-24T15:11:39.923" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this context как-никак means &lt;strong&gt;obviously&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;no doubt&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;в Польше уровень образования будет &lt;em&gt;очевидно&lt;/em&gt; выше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3893" LastActivityDate="2014-05-24T15:11:39.923" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4562" CreationDate="2014-05-24T15:39:39.527" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Main difference is If there are &lt;em&gt;limit&lt;/em&gt; of available entities to choose from you say &lt;code&gt;другой&lt;/code&gt;, otherwise &lt;code&gt;иной&lt;/code&gt; (from unknown amount of options).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3893" LastActivityDate="2014-05-24T15:39:39.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4572" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4566" CreationDate="2014-05-24T18:34:39.983" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here it means &quot;still&quot;, &quot;after all&quot;. So, the author of the passage means that &quot;if you think about it, the level of education in Poland is probably better, anyway, so I'll have more opportunities in the future with a Polish dimploma&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note also that the use of adverbal participle here is not completely correct because in Russian grammar such participle is consider to be attributed to a subject of the main clause.; But in &quot;у меня будет больше возможностей&quot; it is &quot;больше возможностей&quot; that is the subject. Obviously &quot;opprtunities&quot; could not be &quot;having received a diploma&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-05-24T18:34:39.983" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4475" CreationDate="2014-05-24T21:15:48.607" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the context in the clip, the translation should have been &quot;I never know what to say at times like this.&quot; We don't use &quot;moment&quot; in English the same way they use it in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2014-05-25T12:53:03.827" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T12:53:03.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4574" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4576" CreationDate="2014-05-24T23:31:51.617" Score="1" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this passage, is this actually a question, or is it more rhetorical, like saying  &quot;Who says that?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“«Человек в небе»! Что это такое? Разве так говорят? Даже дети знают, что надо говорить: «Человек за бортом!» ”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T05:55:35.690" Title="Usе of разве in questions" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4575" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4582" CreationDate="2014-05-25T04:20:02.097" Score="1" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;When describing a movie, how does one say &quot;the movie is set in New York, in the early fifties&quot;? Alternatively: &quot;The movie takes place in NY in the early fifties.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T07:00:23.963" Title="Talking about movies" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4574" CreationDate="2014-05-25T04:22:49.393" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's definitely a rhetorical question. Slightly different connotations than &quot;who says that&quot;, it's more didactic and less mocking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3887" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T04:22:49.393" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4577" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4583" CreationDate="2014-05-25T04:25:45.113" Score="3" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following passage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Разговор, который я только что привел, – невозмутимо продолжал я, не обращая внимания на его насмешку, – происходил на борту космического корабля.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T10:48:13.517" Title="Что значит &quot;привести разговор&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4566" CreationDate="2014-05-25T04:36:22.967" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here it means something like &quot;all in all&quot; (as you write in the comment to another answer) or maybe &quot;after all&quot; would be a little closer. This would be the meaning in any context I can think of right now. I wonder what else you found in the dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your friend made a very common and funny grammatical error at the end of the sentence (not to mention the punctuation): &quot;получив польский диплом у меня будет больше возможностей в будущем&quot;. The classic example is from a Chekhov's story: &quot;подъезжая к вокзалу, у меня слетела шляпа&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3887" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T04:36:22.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4579" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4574" CreationDate="2014-05-25T05:55:35.690" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Разве? in question almost means do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Разве' так говорят = 'Разве кто-то' так говорит - Do some one ...?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3895" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T05:55:35.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4580" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4577" CreationDate="2014-05-25T06:01:54.080" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The conversation I quoted (put here).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T06:01:54.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4575" CreationDate="2014-05-25T06:31:34.430" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Действие фильма происходит в Нью-Йорке в начале пятидесятых.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-05-25T07:00:23.963" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T07:00:23.963" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4577" CreationDate="2014-05-25T10:48:13.517" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;привести&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is used here in the same meaning as in &quot;приводить пример&quot;, &quot;приводить доказательства&quot; (to give an example, to produce a proof), i.e. to cite, to show something. In general this meaning can be summarized as &quot;to tell, to use some information to support your point of view and opinion&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T10:48:13.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4584" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4585" CreationDate="2014-05-25T13:57:45.440" Score="6" ViewCount="324" Body="&lt;p&gt;I looked for it in dictionaries, but it doesn't seem to be a standard verb, except in a few cases where it means to run someones name through the police systems. Perhaps it's slang?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;очень хочу &lt;strong&gt;прокачать&lt;/strong&gt; мои знания по английскому&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T22:27:24.750" Title="What does прокачать mean" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4585" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4584" CreationDate="2014-05-25T14:17:18.847" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it's slang. &lt;strong&gt;Качать&lt;/strong&gt; means pump. This word (by my opinion) came from bodybuilders, who &lt;strong&gt;pump&lt;/strong&gt; theirs muscles. Today this word got wide meaning as improve something. &lt;em&gt;Прокачать игрового персонажа в Wow.&lt;/em&gt; - pump my hero in WoW. Phrase in question mead &quot;I really want to improve my English skills&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3896" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T14:17:18.847" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4586" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4587" CreationDate="2014-05-25T15:36:45.693" Score="3" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;i've seen this expression a few times online and don't really understand what it means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T16:19:05.220" Title="How do you use то ли дело what does it mean?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4586" CreationDate="2014-05-25T16:19:05.220" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;То ли дело&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;it's quite a different matter; it's another thing altogether; what a difference&quot;. It is used in comparisons, what follows &lt;code&gt;то ли дело&lt;/code&gt; is shown as really contrasting the thing that precedes that phrase. Usually what follows &lt;code&gt;то ли дело&lt;/code&gt; is shown as being much better than what precedes it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[fact 1], то ли дело [fact 2]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[fact 2] is better than [fact 1]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В городе скучно, то ли дело в деревне.&#xA;Staying in town is quite boring, staying in the country is quite a different matter.&#xA;(That is, staying in the country is much less boring than staying in town.)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of examples from Russian famous writers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Истина-то не всякому достаётся - поди, добивайся! - пожалуй, за неё и десятью копеечками&#xA;со строчки не отбояришься! То ли дело обман! Знай, пиши да обманывай.&#xA;(М. Салтыков-Щедрин, Обманщик-газетчик и легковерный читатель) — &#xA;Not everyone is up to the job of writing truth. Anyhow, just go and try to find it.&#xA;It's more than likely that you wouldn't even get it for a kopeck a line. But lies -&#xA;that's a different matter. Just scribble away any nonsense you like.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Светлову шёл тридцать шестой год, но сейчас ему можно было дать все сорок.&#xA;Лысый, располневший, с почти квадратной фигурой мужчина - кому он нужен!&#xA;Соня права. То ли дело Ветрин! (И. Забелин, Без свидетелей) —&#xA;Svetlov was getting on for thirty-six, but now you could have given him&#xA;all of forty. Bald, stout, with an almost square figure, who cared for him?&#xA;Sonya was right. Vetrin was another man altogether.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T16:19:05.220" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4588" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4593" CreationDate="2014-05-25T17:04:20.300" Score="3" ViewCount="3619" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;так как&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;потому что&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;так что&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;поэтому&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the reasons to use one over the other?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose they mean the same thing, but I'm not quite sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-05-30T10:32:03.120" Title="так как vs. потому что AND так что vs. поэтому" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4588" CreationDate="2014-05-25T17:29:41.497" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Они обозначают одно и то же, и мы используем разные варианты для того, чтобы не говорить постоянно &quot;потому что&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3898" LastActivityDate="2014-05-25T17:29:41.497" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4590" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4591" CreationDate="2014-05-25T23:57:46.000" Score="3" ViewCount="184" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found the following passage in a book and I'm confounded by the phrase &lt;strong&gt;под самой крышей&lt;/strong&gt;. If I had to guess, I would venture &lt;em&gt;secluded from the outside world&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сразу можно догадаться, что поэт живет в полном одиночестве чуть ли не &lt;strong&gt;под самой крышей&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It was immediately apparent that the poet lived all alone, pretty much ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-05-26T05:36:33.100" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T12:39:40.760" Title="Meaning of под самой крышей" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4590" CreationDate="2014-05-26T04:00:03.583" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means that the poet lives at the floor that is very close to the roof, for instance in the attic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Под крышей&lt;/strong&gt; would mean &quot;in any place under the roof&quot;, in other words - somewhere in the house. When someone uses just &quot;под крышей&quot; it is synonym for &quot;in the house&quot;. Another example is &quot;Иметь крышу над головой&quot; - literally &quot;someone lives in a place where there is a roof&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Под самой крышей&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;under the roof, as close as possible&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чуть ли не под самой крышей&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;almost as close to the roof as possible&quot;, so it can be not the attic itself, but at the last floor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on the passage you've shown, the author depicts a typical &quot;romantic poet&quot; figure, that has no money to pay for a better place and lives in a cheapest flat (or even single room) possible. At least in old books and fairy tales the romantic heroes live in such places (when elevators were not invented yet and it was hard to get to the top of the house).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-05-26T07:20:37.843" LastActivityDate="2014-05-26T07:20:37.843" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4588" CreationDate="2014-05-26T07:48:46.493" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each pair - synonymous expressions. You can use any.&#xA;I never noticed the prevalence of any of the options in an official letter, speech, or somewhere else&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it seems to me, option with &lt;code&gt;так&lt;/code&gt; is more often used to describe something negative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3853" LastActivityDate="2014-05-26T07:48:46.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4588" CreationDate="2014-05-26T08:02:15.807" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically &lt;strong&gt;так как&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;потому что&lt;/strong&gt; mean the same, but they do have differences in usage.&#xA;They both are used to connect some fact with its reasons (like words 'because' or 'since'), but &lt;strong&gt;так как&lt;/strong&gt; can be placed both in the beginning of the sentence and in the middle of it, while &lt;strong&gt;потому что&lt;/strong&gt; is used mostly in the middle of the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Так как&lt;/strong&gt; я проспал, я не пришел на первый урок. - The reason here goes before the fact, sounds formal.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Потому что&lt;/strong&gt; я проспал, я не пришел на первый урок. - Sounds innatural, though can be used in some rare cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не пришел на первый урок &lt;strong&gt;так как&lt;/strong&gt; я проспал. - Sounds formal&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Я не пришел на первый урок &lt;strong&gt;потому что&lt;/strong&gt; я проспал. - Most neutral form&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Так как&lt;/strong&gt;  is more formal and &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/wordhistory/648/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;according to this source&lt;/a&gt; emerged in formal language at the end of 18th century and become accepted around 1850-es. It become popular because it can be used both at the beginning of the sentence and in the middle of it. According to Лев Поливанов (died in 1899), writers avoided to use &lt;strong&gt;так как&lt;/strong&gt; because it sounds bad: &amp;quot;Союз так как ... весьма редко употребляется образцовыми писателями, как неблагозвучный.&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Так что&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;поэтому&lt;/strong&gt; are not completely interchangeable. &lt;strong&gt;Поэтому&lt;/strong&gt; connects reasons with facts (in other way than &lt;em&gt;так как&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;потому что&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я проспал, поэтому я не пришел на первый урок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reasons and facts are connected in obvious logical way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Так что&lt;/strong&gt; is less formal. It can be used to summarize all previous thoughts or intentions or reasons in a single sentence (like &amp;quot;So, ...&amp;quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наши программы пользуются большой популярностью, новые заказчики просят о расширении возможностей. Есть много идей и для нового проекта. Так что без работы мы в ближайшее время не останемся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here some situation is described and the author uses &lt;em&gt;так что&lt;/em&gt; to express their estimation for the future. I think it can be translated as &lt;em&gt;so&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;as you can see&lt;/em&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-05-26T08:37:51.220" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4595" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-26T13:01:16.320" Score="1" ViewCount="174" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found this sentence and was wondering about the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;сровнялось&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;My guess: &quot;He was all of 96 and a half, ....&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Дедушка Джо был в семье самый старый. Ему &lt;strong&gt;сровнялось&lt;/strong&gt; девяносто шесть с половиной лет, а это не так уж и мало. ”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T21:30:06.657" Title="Meaning of сровнялось" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4595" CreationDate="2014-05-26T13:11:16.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In your sentence the verb &lt;strong&gt;сровняться&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;to reach the age of ...&quot;&#xA;This meaning is colloquial, in neutral standard speech this meaning is usually expressed by the verb &lt;strong&gt;исполняться&lt;/strong&gt;, so &quot;Ему сровнялось девяносто шесть с половиной лет&quot; means &quot;Ему исполнилось девяносто шесть с половиной лет.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-05-26T13:11:16.817" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4597" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4598" CreationDate="2014-05-26T17:10:43.233" Score="2" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Alice adopted John, when he was 2 years old. At the age of 15 he got to know &lt;strong&gt;who he really is.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is is possible to express &lt;em&gt;to be&lt;/em&gt; in a direct manner without reconstruct these sentences?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would &lt;em&gt;Когда ему было 15 лет он узнал &lt;strong&gt;кто он на самом деле есть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; do it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-05-26T17:59:33.513" Title="Issue making a sentence with &quot;to be&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4597" CreationDate="2014-05-26T17:59:33.513" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The English verb &lt;strong&gt;to be&lt;/strong&gt; in the Present tense can be rendered in Russian in a number of ways, apart from the complete omission of it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;быть (Present есть)&lt;/code&gt; - here two variants are possible,&#xA;a) what follows &lt;code&gt;есть&lt;/code&gt;, the predicative, is in the Nominative case, that is what you suggested, &lt;code&gt;он узнал, кто он на самом деле есть&lt;/code&gt;; and b) the predicative is in the Instrumental case, so it is &lt;code&gt;он узнал, кем он на самом деле есть&lt;/code&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;являться&lt;/code&gt; - it is also followed by the Instrumental case, then your sentence is &lt;code&gt;он узнал, кем он на самом деле является&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;Являться&lt;/code&gt; is a just a little bit bookish, though.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;находиться&lt;/code&gt; - this doesn't fit your sentence at all, it means 'to be [situated]', it is about the place where the subject is, like in &lt;code&gt;Рейкьявик находится в Исландии.&lt;/code&gt; 'Reykjavík is in Iceland.'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In sentences of the kind &lt;code&gt;who/what is &amp;lt;somebody/something&amp;gt;?&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;who/what &amp;lt;somebody/something&amp;gt; is&lt;/code&gt; the word &lt;code&gt;такой, -ая, -ое, -ие&lt;/code&gt; can be added:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто ты такой? - Who are you? (to a man)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто ты такая? - Who are you? (to a woman)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не знаю, кто они такие. - I don't know who they are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case your sentence will be &lt;code&gt;он узнал, кто он такой на самом деле&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that you missed a comma after &amp;quot;узнал.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-05-26T17:59:33.513" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4599" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-05-26T18:20:36.410" Score="1" ViewCount="238" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;К кому идёт Коля? &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(Kolia walks to his grand-mother) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Коля идёт к бабушке.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Почему Коля думает, что Соня больна? &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(Kolia thinks that Sonia is sick because she's going to the hospital) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;потому что Соня идёт в больницу.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Почему Соня идёт В Больницу? &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(Sonia walks to the hospital because her father is a doctor. He works at the hospital). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Соня идёт в больницу, потому что её отец врач. Он работает в больнице.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Куда идут Соня и её папа? &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(They are going to the cinema.) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Соня и её папа/их идут в кино.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And also can you explain me the difference between &quot;кому&quot; and &quot;куда&quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3904" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-05-27T10:38:27.780" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T10:38:27.780" Title="Could you please correct me?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4599" CreationDate="2014-05-26T19:01:16.063" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You made a typo. &quot;Doctor&quot; is &quot;врач&quot; in Russian, not &lt;em&gt;брач&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the difference, these are different pronouns. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кому&lt;/em&gt; is a form of &quot;кто&quot; (who). The whole paradigm (Nom-Acc-Gen-Prep-Dat-Inst) is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;кто, кого, кого, (о) ком, кому, кем&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Куда&lt;/em&gt; is an interrogative adverb &quot;where to?&quot; Similar in meaning or looks are the folowing words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;где&lt;/em&gt; = where (location, place of action or being)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;откуда&lt;/em&gt; = where from (origin, like in &quot;Where are you from?&quot;~&quot;Откуда ты?&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;туда&lt;/em&gt; = there (direction: &lt;em&gt;Куда? → Туда&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;там&lt;/em&gt; = there (location: &lt;em&gt;Где? → Там&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;тут/здесь&lt;/em&gt; = here (location)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;сюда&lt;/em&gt; = here (direction: &lt;em&gt;Come here! = Иди сюда&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, a mistake: They are going to the cinema = &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Они&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; идут в кино.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-05-26T19:01:16.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4602" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6782" CreationDate="2014-05-27T12:37:41.077" Score="10" ViewCount="1513" Body="&lt;p&gt;Oftentimes to communicate in a language one only needs a limited repertoire of words. Is there a list of the most frequent Russian words - even if it's only a few hundred?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I find the book &quot;Roots of the Russian Language&quot; quite intriguing and useful, but a plain wordlist would also help to gauge what to learn and how quick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1051" LastActivityDate="2020-12-29T02:38:11.023" Title="Where can I find a list of the 1000 most frequent Russian words?" Tags="&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4590" CreationDate="2014-05-27T12:39:40.760" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this kind of contexts, &lt;em&gt;самый/самая&lt;/em&gt; can be approximately translated as &lt;em&gt;the very&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;В самом конце=in the very end.&#xA;So &lt;em&gt;под самой&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;under the very roof&quot;, meaning, as Artemix has said, the highest inhabitable floor or the attic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3910" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T12:39:40.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4602" CreationDate="2014-05-27T12:58:54.410" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://dict.ruslang.ru/freq.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://dict.ruslang.ru/freq.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;General list: &lt;a href=&quot;http://dict.ruslang.ru/freq.php?act=show&amp;amp;dic=freq_freq&amp;amp;title=%D7%E0%F1%F2%EE%F2%ED%FB%E9%20%F1%EF%E8%F1%EE%EA%20%EB%E5%EC%EC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://dict.ruslang.ru/freq.php?act=show&amp;amp;dic=freq_freq&amp;amp;title=%D7%E0%F1%F2%EE%F2%ED%FB%E9%20%F1%EF%E8%F1%EE%EA%20%EB%E5%EC%EC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Colloquial list: &lt;a href=&quot;http://dict.ruslang.ru/freq.php?act=show&amp;amp;dic=freq_spoken&amp;amp;title=%D7%E0%F1%F2%EE%F2%ED%FB%E9%20%F1%EB%EE%E2%E0%F0%FC%20%E6%E8%E2%EE%E9%20%F3%F1%F2%ED%EE%E9%20%F0%E5%F7%E8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://dict.ruslang.ru/freq.php?act=show&amp;amp;dic=freq_spoken&amp;amp;title=%D7%E0%F1%F2%EE%F2%ED%FB%E9%20%F1%EB%EE%E2%E0%F0%FC%20%E6%E8%E2%EE%E9%20%F3%F1%F2%ED%EE%E9%20%F0%E5%F7%E8&lt;/a&gt; (you can copy-paste it into any spreadsheet software and then sort by frrequency).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also there is a list here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.artint.ru/projects/frqlist.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.artint.ru/projects/frqlist.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I would just consult these lists and try to pinpoint words that you need. Probably, popular but formal words (&quot;too bookish&quot;, i.e. associated with legal, political usage and bureaucracy) are not your priority. It is the same with numerous interjections, diminutives and, probably, strong language (&quot;too colloquial&quot; words). The rest will make a more sensible list that covers basics of the laguage: the words you are more or less equally likely to encounter in media, books and spoken language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T12:58:54.410" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2351" CreationDate="2014-05-27T13:03:08.200" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;One connotation not mentioned here, but perhaps relevant, as maybe the mother still sees the man as a kid. In Soviet times, there was a rotating duty among the children in a class, and the one on duty was supposed to generally help the teacher, e.g. clean the blackboard before the start of each lesson, help bring any lab equipment, know who was absent today, and perhaps help to set the class' table in the school canteen. &#xA;So &lt;em&gt;дежурный по классу&lt;/em&gt; was the one responsible for the class.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3910" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T13:03:08.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4274" CreationDate="2014-05-27T14:05:22.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the word &lt;em&gt;покрывать&lt;/em&gt; is a very close equivalent. Seems to be applicable to all four-legged animals. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/ushakov/ush-abc/16/us350519.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пристраиваться&lt;/em&gt; as suggested by &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/4278/47&quot;&gt;jwalker&lt;/a&gt; is another option, though the exact meaning may be unclear depending on the situation. &lt;em&gt;Пристроиться&lt;/em&gt; may very well mean just a cosy comfortable position. To achieve the sexual connotation, one would have to make sure to use it with &lt;em&gt;к&lt;/em&gt; (to emphasize the direction) rather than &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt; (location). So:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пристроиться к его ноге&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;rather than &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пристроиться у его ноги.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason why there is no clarity in this topic is probably that all sex-related topics in general have long been a taboo in the USSR. The same explains why the words used to describe sex to a large extent belong to profanity in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T14:13:20.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4607" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4608" CreationDate="2014-05-27T16:59:40.603" Score="5" ViewCount="231" Body="&lt;p&gt;When we're speaking of the future in English, we usually say &lt;code&gt;will ...&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;am going to ...&lt;/code&gt;. In French, the same is accomplished using Futur Simple for will, and &lt;code&gt;aller&lt;/code&gt; for going to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, however, the only place I can possibly make this connection is in the perfective/imperfective aspects. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My thinking is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;I will continue&lt;/code&gt; -&gt; &lt;code&gt;Я буду продолжать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;I am going to continue&lt;/code&gt; -&gt; &lt;code&gt;Я продолжу&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I barking up the wrong tree because there's no difference, or am I on the right track?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3911" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:21:41.943" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T12:21:41.943" Title="Understanding the future tense" Tags="&lt;tense&gt;&lt;будущее-время&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4607" CreationDate="2014-05-27T17:21:43.457" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference in aspect in Russian does not correspond to English concept of Perfect, let alone the difference between &quot;will&quot; and &quot;to be going to&quot;. It is merely a matter of point-of-view: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;буду продолжать&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; focuses on the process, or maybe that the action will be repeated&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;продолжу&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; focuses on the result (i.e &quot;I'll stop doing whatever&#xA;keeps me from this, and will go on doing this thing that I did before&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я продолжу&quot; sounds better if what you need is to just express you are about to continue, for example. when giving a speech (like &quot;It seems there are no further questions for the moment. So I am going to continue.&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;AFAIK, in English the difference is that of how much planning was involved: by &quot;I will continue&quot; you suggest that you made the decision right now, that you promise to do that. With &quot;I am going to continue&quot; you suggest that either the decision has laready been made, or that it is a natural, most proable course of events (especially when talking about someone or something else). Both are used in making predictions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-05-27T17:36:42.750" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T17:36:42.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4609" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1017" CreationDate="2014-05-27T17:27:36.383" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;What comes to my mind&lt;br&gt;&#xA;дуализм движения и стагнации&lt;br&gt;&#xA;frozen water (ice,frozen,stop,death, 0°K) which looks like living(liquid) water&#xA;but is not, is not living water, death.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;this is a symbol, which is not existing but you so close for that, so you can see it, see it in what really is, world and nature opens it's own inside for you, so you can see beyond the reality, but it not helps, you have no use for that knowledge, you can't use it, because you here and you do not belong to the world where that knowledge exists. or maybe this world do not belong to you?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Frozen and stopped forever like hollywood slow motion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;shabunc answer assumes no special meaning in it, just cold water, windy weather&#xA;(and nice photo by Anna shows how it looks like), but it is, it is)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;ледяная рябь&quot; in that case just another formulation of &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;uncertainty principle(Schrödinger's cat)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3713" LastActivityDate="2014-05-27T17:27:36.383" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4611" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4612" CreationDate="2014-05-28T08:50:36.257" Score="5" ViewCount="928" Body="&lt;p&gt;Последние несколько лет слово &quot;риторика&quot; стало использоваться не так, как оно объясняется в словарях, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Риторика государственных СМИ&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Патриотическая риторика&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Впрочем, всё сказанное выше ― риторика, эмоции и сплошной субъективизм. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Официальная советская риторика «равноправия» и «свобод» &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Словарное значение слова &quot;риторика&quot; такое:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;РИТО́РИКА&lt;/strong&gt;, и, ж. [&amp;lt; греч. rhētorikē искусство красноречия].1.В античности и в последующие времена: теория и искусство красноречия. 2. перен.Напыщенная, красивая, но малосодержательная речь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но, как видно ни &quot;искусство красноречия&quot; ни &quot;малосодержательная речь&quot; здесь не подходят. Новое значение по-моему достаточно нейтрально, что-то вроде &quot;высказываемая точка зрения&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли какой-то аналог этого слова, который употреблялся в подобных случаях прежде? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-05-28T12:45:42.800" Title="Современное значение слова &quot;риторика&quot;" Tags="&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4611" CreationDate="2014-05-28T12:45:42.800" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Возможно тут происходит калька из английского в дополнение к традиционному значению взаимствованного слова. Посмотрите №3 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rhetoric&quot;&gt;в M-W&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3 :  verbal communication :  discourse&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-05-28T12:45:42.800" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4607" CreationDate="2014-05-28T15:08:26.847" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would set the next correspondence: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I will continue -&gt; Я буду продолжать = Я продолжу&#xA;It is the same, I think, but in the first case a verb &quot;буду&quot; (быть) is used, which corresponds to English  &quot;will&quot; (to be). The second case is not possible in English.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I am going to continue -&gt; Я собираюсь продолжать&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3916" LastActivityDate="2014-05-28T15:08:26.847" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4602" CreationDate="2014-05-28T16:40:15.383" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the most comprehensive research of modern Russian is &lt;a href=&quot;http://philology.hse.ru/russian_dict&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Частотный словарь современного русского языка&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their work is based on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruscorpora.ru/en/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian Corpus&lt;/a&gt;, where you can download the raw data and compile your own list. However, it makes a sense to look at how these lists are done by researchers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2014-05-28T16:40:15.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4615" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4616" CreationDate="2014-05-28T18:14:32.490" Score="1" ViewCount="620" Body="&lt;p&gt;For instance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I confronted him with the fact, that I've seen him entering the building.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  He was confronted with the fact, that somebody has seen him entering the building&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How'd that be put into Russian?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Would it be possible to use &lt;code&gt;столкнуться&lt;/code&gt; (at least in the second case)?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There seems to be the word &lt;code&gt;конфронтировать&lt;/code&gt;, but I don't know how it is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-28T18:19:38.523" LastActivityDate="2018-01-07T23:27:40.267" Title="Translation of &quot;to be confronted with&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4615" CreationDate="2014-05-28T19:13:13.730" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; biggvsdiccvs прав, &amp;quot;ставить перед фактом&amp;quot; означает &amp;quot;не оставить другого выбора&amp;quot;. Например человек собирался поехать в отпуск в Чехию или в Польшу, а его поставили перед фактом, что поедет он с детьми к теще в Шушенское.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Все-таки наверное можно здесь употребить &amp;quot;был поставлен перед фактом&amp;quot;, если человек пытался выбрать альтернативные объяснения тому где он был и что он делал, а его лишили выбора и поставили перед фактом того, что уже известно что он делал на самом деле. Но это очень редкий случай и рекомендовать всегда переводить &amp;quot;confronted with the fact&amp;quot; с помощью &amp;quot;поставить перед фактом&amp;quot; все-таки нельзя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я поставил его перед фактом, что я видел его входящим в здание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он был поставлен перед фактом, что его видели входящим в здание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово &amp;quot;конфронтировать&amp;quot; означает &amp;quot;противостоять, противоборствовать&amp;quot; и здесь не подходит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Столкнулся с фактом&amp;quot; - так можно сказать, но мне кажется что здесь может не подойти. В принципе &amp;quot;столкнулся с фактом&amp;quot; означает &amp;quot;обнаружил, что&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он обнаружил, что его видели входящим в здание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я специально заменил &amp;quot;кто-то видел&amp;quot; на &amp;quot;видели входящим&amp;quot;, так как если говорят что &amp;quot;вас кто-то видел&amp;quot;, то говорящий скорее всего знает кто видел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С другой стороны, если стало понятно по косвенным признакам, что его видели входящим в здание (например - полиция окружила здание чтобы поймать преступника, который тайно в это здание вошел). Тогда не понятно кто видел, как он входил в здание и можно сказать &amp;quot;кто-то видел&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-06-02T08:49:47.980" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4617" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4620" CreationDate="2014-05-29T12:26:25.607" Score="13" ViewCount="642" Body="&lt;p&gt;In  a dialogue from Langenscheidt's &lt;em&gt;Praktisches Lehrbuch Russisch&lt;/em&gt; guests are greeted with &quot;Проходите&quot;, translated as &quot;Come in&quot; (&quot;Kommt herein&quot;).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Is that usual in contemporary Russian for telling someone to come in?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Dictionaries seem to translate &quot;Проходить&quot; as &quot;to move on&quot;, &quot;to pass&quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3917" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-05-29T12:36:12.853" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T01:24:13.647" Title="Does Проходите really mean come in?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4617" CreationDate="2014-05-29T12:39:19.387" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &lt;strong&gt;проходите&lt;/strong&gt; can be used to say &amp;quot;come in&amp;quot;. It is short form for &amp;quot;проходите в дом&amp;quot;. Usually when you visit an official person (or a person in an office, or a doctor) you'll have the following dialogue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- К вам можно?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;-- Да, проходите, садитесь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;― Да-да, входите, Тамара Владиславовна, ― изображая дружелюбие, закивал Глебский. ― Проходите, садитесь. [Петр Акимов. Плата за страх (2000)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also a policeman can say &amp;quot;пройдемте&amp;quot; which is short version of &amp;quot;пройдемте со мной в отделение милиции&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact Словарь Ефремовой &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/efremova/231591&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;lists 14 different meanings&lt;/a&gt; of the word &lt;strong&gt;проходить&lt;/strong&gt;, including the one Eugene mentions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-05-29T14:44:35.847" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4619" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4621" CreationDate="2014-05-29T13:02:57.257" Score="2" ViewCount="256" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this sentence, I realize that there's a contrast being draw between the two outcomes of sucking up to the teacher, but &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is this sentence possible without вот; and &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What does вот bring to the sentence semantically?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если она будет подлизываться к учителю, её оценки от этого не улучшатся, а &lt;strong&gt;вот&lt;/strong&gt; другие дети от неё отвернутся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-05-29T13:11:36.623" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T17:32:34.140" Title="What is the function of вот in this sentence?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4617" CreationDate="2014-05-29T13:35:12.680" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Проходите literally means 'come through'; it is primarily used in situations where you pass the object you are invited to go through quickly (say, airport metal detectors). It could be used to mean 'come in' - like the situation @Artemix described in the other answer (in the case with &lt;em&gt;дом&lt;/em&gt;, the 'object to come through' could be a corridor or a hallway), however 'заходите' or 'входите' sound more natural to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="899" LastActivityDate="2014-05-29T13:35:12.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4619" CreationDate="2014-05-29T15:36:44.697" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It brings more contrast to the sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is kinda possible without it, however &lt;strong&gt;the meaning will shift&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если она будет подлизываться к учителю, её оценки от этого не улучшатся, &lt;em&gt;а другие дети от неё отвернутся&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It immediately sounds like &quot;her grades won't be any better, and other children will turn their backs on her&quot;. Grammatical, surely, but introduces the idea of similarity, that is, you are just listing the consequences of her actions. Why does it happen? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It happens because &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;а&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't only introduce contrast of &lt;em&gt;things&lt;/em&gt; you talk about. It is more complicated than that: sometimes it intorduces the subjective &lt;em&gt;narrative contrast&lt;/em&gt;: &quot;you might have expected me to end the sentence — yet, I have got another thing to add&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;sometimes &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;а&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; introduces another subject: &quot;The girls like juice, &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;the boys only drink water and beer&quot; would use &lt;em&gt;&quot;а&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. It is also used&#xA;to push narrative forward when there is a link between parts. Then it&#xA;loses its contrasting meaning: _&quot;The girls like juice, and juice is&#xA;good for your health&quot; ~ &quot;Девочки любят сок, а сок полезен для&#xA;здоровья&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &quot;а вот&quot; is essential here to signal that you — unambiguously — want to &lt;strong&gt;show a contrast&lt;/strong&gt; here: &quot;first, she won't achieve anything useful — however, she is totally going to get herself frowned upon by other kids&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the structure with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;а вот&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;em&gt;&quot;She won't succeed in A, yet what she will succeed&#xA;in is B&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;when just &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;а&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is used, it is less effective and can be also interpreted as &lt;em&gt;&quot;What will happen is A and B&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-05-30T09:39:55.607" LastActivityDate="2014-05-30T09:39:55.607" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4622" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4624" CreationDate="2014-05-29T21:19:33.127" Score="5" ViewCount="319" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;сегодня&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ныне&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в настоящее время &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;нынче&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в наше время&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в наши дни&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%2C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B5%2C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%2C%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%2C%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%2C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F&amp;amp;year_start=1750&amp;amp;year_end=2008&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D0%B2%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%20%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D0%B2%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%20%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B5%20%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ngram&lt;/a&gt; shows &lt;code&gt;в наше время / в наши дни&lt;/code&gt; are rather seldom. Maybe they are somewhat profound. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, I'd like to know how &lt;code&gt;сегодня, нынче, ныне и настоящее время&lt;/code&gt; differ. Do they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2017-11-13T12:33:55.573" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T12:33:55.573" Title="Differentiate Russian words for &quot;nowadays&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4623" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4626" CreationDate="2014-05-29T21:40:18.400" Score="0" ViewCount="93" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following sentence, is this the same as saying the parents &quot;couldn't shake&quot; their feeling of concern?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С са́мого нача́ла роди́телей &lt;strong&gt;не покида́ла&lt;/strong&gt; трево́га.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-05-30T06:57:14.010" Title="Use of the verb покидать" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4622" CreationDate="2014-05-30T00:06:16.817" Score="9" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;сегодня = &quot;today&quot;, your everyday word for the current day or &quot;these days in general&quot; when used in a more broad sense&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ныне = &quot;now/nowadays&quot;, elevated style. Can be used i na more official style as &quot;currently&quot;: &lt;em&gt;&quot;ныне живущий&quot; (&quot;extant&quot;, &quot;currently living&quot;)&lt;/em&gt;, ныне работающий в Германии (&quot;these days working in Germany&quot;)_&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;нынче = colloquial &quot;today, nowadays(recently)&quot; and also &quot;this year&quot; (in proper context, like &quot;this year spring's turned out warm&quot;~&quot;нынче весна выдалась тёплая&quot;). I am not sure it is much used nowadays: its popularity is fading but it is still somewhat frequent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в настоящее время = &quot;now, at present time&quot; (it is literally &quot;at present time&quot;). Kinda official, suitable for academic and newspaper articles (those more bookish in style), like &lt;em&gt;&quot;В настоящее время этот процесс особенно заметен&quot; (&quot;At present time this process is particularly evident&quot;)&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;В настоящее время устарел&quot; (&quot;Outdated nowadays&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;настоящее время = &quot;present time&quot;, also &quot;Present Tense&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в наши дни ~ &quot;these days&quot;, &quot;nowadays&quot;: mostly the same as &quot;в настоящее время&quot; but less official — so pretty much any article or any children's book, for example, about history or science can use it (&quot;в настоящее время&quot;, probably, suits but sounds more official, boring and kinda pompous for this kind of writing)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would recommend &quot;сегодня&quot; for everyday use, &quot;в настоящее время&quot; for bookish use, &quot;в наши дни&quot; or even &quot;сейчас&quot; for less bookish use... Also don't use &quot;ныне&quot; at all for the time being, and use &quot;нынче&quot; if you are sure you are talking about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-05-30T00:06:16.817" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4623" CreationDate="2014-05-30T06:57:14.010" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;не покида́ла means here &lt;code&gt;didn't leave&lt;/code&gt; so the entire sentence translation is something like &lt;code&gt;From the very beginning the feeling of concern didn't leave the parents&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3921" LastActivityDate="2014-05-30T06:57:14.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4615" CreationDate="2014-05-30T08:32:50.223" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Предъявлять&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;уличать&lt;/em&gt; might work, depending on context (not synonyms). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This translation might work, although I think it sounds a little awkward because the word факт is referring to the subjective experience of the speaker:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я предъявил ему тот факт, что видел, как он входил в здание.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or this, although it may be too liberal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я уличил его в том, что он входил в здание&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, you could translate it something like this (also liberal):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я сказал ему (в лицо), что видел, как он входил в здание&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can't think of anything better at the moment, none of these is perfect.\&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3887" LastEditorUserId="3887" LastEditDate="2014-05-30T08:39:43.267" LastActivityDate="2014-05-30T08:39:43.267" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4466" CreationDate="2014-05-30T16:48:09.887" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;friends.&#xA;Weather I do not know to what extent very much sarcastic it may or may not sound,&#xA; but us Russians on such events normally say &quot; Ну, ты даешь!&quot; . &#xA;I would not very strongly recommend use of an adjective &quot;молодец&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;for any Russisn normally answers to this word &quot;Молодцы в конюшне стоят&quot;, &#xA; that is &quot;Good horses in the stable stay&quot; .&quot;Молодец&quot;=&quot;good horse&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1452" LastActivityDate="2014-05-30T16:48:09.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4466" CreationDate="2014-05-30T17:40:56.930" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The fact that your good words is opposite to a bad situation means it's a sarcasm, just like in English I believe, so you can say anything you would say to complement your friend for his ‘nice job’ («хорошая работа», «отлично сработано», «отлично», «прекрасно», «круто» (kinda slang), «супер», «молодец», etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3920" LastActivityDate="2014-05-30T17:40:56.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4562" CreationDate="2014-05-31T04:27:35.733" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Другой - comes from &quot;Два&quot; (two), &quot;Второй&quot; (second) and can be translated as &quot;another&quot; (&quot;not like first&quot;).&#xA;There is one differences between &quot;another&quot; word usage in English and &quot;другой&quot; word in Russian.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you say &lt;em&gt;&quot;Give me another cake, pls&quot;&lt;/em&gt; - you expect to have one more cake, but if you say &lt;em&gt;&quot;Дайте мне другое пироженое, пжлст&quot;&lt;/em&gt; - you are going to return the cake you have back and take another (different) one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also Другой by meaning can be placed between &lt;code&gt;Иной&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Следующий&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Иной       - Другой   - Следующий&#xA;Different  - Another  - Next&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Иной&lt;/em&gt; means something strange, not usual, outstanding and can be translated as &quot;different&quot;, &quot;strange&quot;. &lt;em&gt;Иной&lt;/em&gt; is exact adjective to describe an alien.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &lt;em&gt;иначе&lt;/em&gt; is exactly the same as &lt;em&gt;по-другому&lt;/em&gt; and can be translated as &lt;em&gt;&quot;different way&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &lt;em&gt;Иной&lt;/em&gt; is rarely used word (as well as &lt;em&gt;по-иному&lt;/em&gt;). I would say these two words are obsolete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know the good synonym for &lt;em&gt;другой&lt;/em&gt;. It is commonly used word and I believe it does not have competitors between words :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3926" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-31T13:51:16.230" LastActivityDate="2014-05-31T13:51:16.230" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4555" CreationDate="2014-05-31T04:49:43.183" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Любовь Божия == Любовь Божья, but first one is old style, second one is new style.&#xA;can be an answer for question &quot;What makes you happy?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Любовь Бога - can be answer for question &quot;Whose love makes you happy?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Божественная любовь - there is such thing, but usually this phrase does not have anything in common with God. Here &quot;Божественная&quot; is adjective that means something like &quot;great&quot;, &quot;awesome&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&#xA;Эта еда была божественна!&#xA;This dish was awesome!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3926" LastEditorUserId="3926" LastEditDate="2014-06-07T06:46:32.520" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T06:46:32.520" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4634" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="4638" CreationDate="2014-05-31T05:52:04.040" Score="4" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;The title of this question is ambiguous as I couldn't think of anything better. What I'm trying to articulate is the thought of &lt;em&gt;'I didn't know at the time but do now'&lt;/em&gt;. Can this be expressed by saying &lt;em&gt;'Я не знал'&lt;/em&gt;, or does it go deeper than that? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, after going up to someone and asking about their cat, your friend says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Его кошка умерла. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To which you respond, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не знал. (Meaning I didn't know at the time, but now I do)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3911" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-05-31T09:08:41.957" LastActivityDate="2014-05-31T09:30:10.770" Title="Expressing knowledge gained over time" Tags="&lt;tense&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4636" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4234" CreationDate="2014-05-31T06:56:08.240" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have you tried following links on downloadable rhyme dictionaries? (I think it is possible to extract database from such programs; or may be it is possible to use open API of their DLLs)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://softwarefor.ru/rhymes.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://softwarefor.ru/rhymes.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uchiyaziki.ru/index.php/slovar-rifm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.uchiyaziki.ru/index.php/slovar-rifm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.softportal.com/software-1530-rhymes.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.softportal.com/software-1530-rhymes.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I understand, you don't need online rhyme dictionaries. But I found and checked small list of working services, so decided to put it here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stihi.ru/assist/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.stihi.ru/assist/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rifmakslovu.ru/online-generator-rifm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://rifmakslovu.ru/online-generator-rifm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rifmovnik.ru/find.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://rifmovnik.ru/find.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I think it is good idea to try to ask owners of these web-services to send you their rhyme database)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3923" LastActivityDate="2014-05-31T06:56:08.240" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="4638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4634" CreationDate="2014-05-31T08:55:28.430" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yup, definitely works. It doesn't go much deeper than that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the situation is you specifically talking about some moment in the past, you may also add &quot;тогда&quot; or/and &quot;ещё&quot;: &quot;Я тогда ещё не знал, что ...&quot; or &quot;Тогда я не знал что&quot; etc. However, it is exactly for &quot;story&quot; about past events, stressing the fact that at the time you describe you did not know something (which you obviously know now, otherwise you could not say anything about it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-05-31T09:30:10.770" LastActivityDate="2014-05-31T09:30:10.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5640" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5641" CreationDate="2014-05-31T19:02:39.240" Score="3" ViewCount="256" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am puzzled by the number of different letters that  can be found before a final &lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt;, for example:      &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;до свидания, синяя, третья,...       &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That last one is especially puzzling since we write &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;третий      &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;without a &lt;em&gt;ь&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference in pronunciation?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If pronunciation is not the reason, is there a general rule or a grammatical or a historical explanation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3917" LastActivityDate="2014-05-31T21:16:53.943" Title="Why such a variety of letters before final я?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5641" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5640" CreationDate="2014-05-31T19:50:12.997" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;свидание → свидания&lt;/strong&gt; is a perfectly regular form. It is a noun, not an adjective. Сомнение → сомнения, решение→решения, раздумье→раздумья, вычисление→вычисления, небытие→небытия. You just keep the same stem as in Nominative. Not so with any formation where you need to &lt;em&gt;remove the vowel&lt;/em&gt;. Then you replace Ь with И (obviously, you cannot leave &quot;ьй&quot; dangling at the end of the word):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;раздумье→раздумий&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;колдунья→колдуний&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In Russian adjectives like &lt;em&gt;синий&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; you have a regular pattern with ый(ой)/ий - ая/яя, ое/ее, ые/ие in the Nominative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;большой/длинный/синий кот (-ой is if the adjective has an unlimate stress)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;большая/длинная/синяя кошка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;большое/длинное/синее нечто&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;большие/длинные/синие кошки&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(note that velars &lt;strong&gt;к, г, х&lt;/strong&gt; cannot have &lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt; after them, so they always have &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;: короткий-короткая-короткое-короткие)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, these unstressed -ия, -яя -ее are pronounced identical or almost identical in speech. However, some actors and other professional voices &lt;strong&gt;*may&lt;/strong&gt; enunciate them a bit more clearly (which is not in fact the current norm but still used, especially in station announcements where they may really want you to hear that &quot;Окское&quot; ends in -ое, not -ая)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;with третья&lt;/strong&gt;, I suppose, it is just a historical development. It affects pronunciation and makes it easier (to just omit the unnecessary vowel). That does not affect adjectives. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically both &lt;strong&gt;Ъ&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Ь&lt;/strong&gt; denoted a short vowel ([ə]-like and  [i]-like). It explains why in poetry -ие and -ье are often used interchangeably, less so in speech (which conforms more to how a speaker is used to pronounce the words, not to some rhytm). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also explains formation of &lt;strong&gt;колдунья → колдуний&lt;/strong&gt;: before a liquid Й and a vowel the short sound was eliminated but before a final consonant the language preferred to make it longer and convert to a normal И instead (&quot;колдуньй&quot; is really hard to pronounce).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-05-31T21:16:53.943" LastActivityDate="2014-05-31T21:16:53.943" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5642" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5645" CreationDate="2014-06-01T11:36:20.733" Score="9" ViewCount="708" Body="&lt;p&gt;Timestamps are widely used in programming. I am trying to write a description of my code in Russian, and I'm stuck at &lt;em&gt;timestamps&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timestamp&quot;&gt;Wikipedia suggests&lt;/a&gt; the term &lt;em&gt;временная метка&lt;/em&gt;, but quite reluctantly, as if there was no &quot;official&quot; term. I wonder if there is any.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T20:58:42.017" Title="How to say &quot;timestamp&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5643" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5644" CreationDate="2014-06-01T12:28:37.663" Score="7" ViewCount="432" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a recent interview, a man, whose son had passed away, stated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A good father teaches his son about life, but &lt;em&gt;my&lt;/em&gt; son taught &lt;em&gt;me&lt;/em&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The portion after the comma presents a paradox in the speakers mind: &lt;em&gt;my&lt;/em&gt; son (unlike other sons) taught &lt;em&gt;me&lt;/em&gt; (of all things!). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English this is accomplished with stress and intonation, as indicated by my italics. I believe in Russian, this is expressed with stress, intonation AND (I suspect) particles. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-01T14:43:09.173" Title="How does one express a paradox in Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5643" CreationDate="2014-06-01T14:43:09.173" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right, in Russian is accomplished with stress and intonation, and in the case of your sentence also with the particle &lt;code&gt;же&lt;/code&gt; after the word which shows what is &quot;unlike others&quot;, this particle intensifies the contrast. In this case no conjunction is used: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хороший отец учит своего сына жизни, &lt;em&gt;мой&lt;/em&gt; же [сын] научил &lt;em&gt;меня&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, you can do without any particles and with a conjunction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хороший отец учит своего сына жизни, а &lt;em&gt;мой&lt;/em&gt; [сын] научил &lt;em&gt;меня&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both cases 'son' can be omitted, since Russian has neither like my/mine distinction nor &quot;one&quot; as a universal substitution for any noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-06-01T14:43:09.173" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5642" CreationDate="2014-06-01T17:43:56.743" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Википедия здесь, как ни неожиданно, абсолютна права, называя русскую статью «Timestamp» — так на самом деле и говорят по-русски: «таймстамп». ИТ — это, наверное, отрасль с самой высокой концентрацией прямых английских заимствований. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А гостовский термин — &lt;em&gt;отметка времени&lt;/em&gt;, см. хотя бы знаменитый &lt;a href=&quot;http://protect.gost.ru/v.aspx?control=8&amp;amp;baseC=-1&amp;amp;page=0&amp;amp;month=-1&amp;amp;year=-1&amp;amp;search=&amp;amp;RegNum=1&amp;amp;DocOnPageCount=15&amp;amp;id=131282&amp;amp;pageK=482D6C28-F2B4-410E-AF8D-3ADE90F6AE78&quot;&gt;ГОСТ 28147–89 на странице 16&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По гугль-тесту он, кстати, тоже лидирует среди русских, солидно опережая &lt;em&gt;метку времени&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;временную метку&lt;/em&gt;, но не &lt;em&gt;таймстамп&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;таймстамп — &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%22&quot;&gt;867 000&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;отметка времени — &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%22&quot;&gt;103 000&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;временная метка — &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%22&quot;&gt;11 000&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;метка времени — &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%22&quot;&gt;20 000&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-06-01T18:13:30.550" LastActivityDate="2014-06-01T18:13:30.550" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5646" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4407" CreationDate="2014-06-02T07:43:36.507" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Происхождение фамилии «Колмогоров» связано с топонимом «Колмогоры», а он, вероятно, происходит от финского kolme «три» (т. е. «Трехгорка»), или от kalma, «могила», и kari, «утес». «Холмогоры» – русификация&#xA;Происхождение от топонима&#xA;Кроме Колмогор (Холмогор) в Архангельской области, топоним известен в Кемеровской. Деревни Колмогорово также существуют в Сибири&#xA;Женская форма фамилии - Колмогорова.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3931" LastActivityDate="2014-06-02T07:43:36.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5647" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5648" CreationDate="2014-06-02T14:17:14.223" Score="4" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this passage the presence of &lt;strong&gt;больше&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt; clearly indicates a comparison, however it's not clear to me what is being contrasted. This is an article about the possibility of Russian becoming an language of international communication. &lt;a href=&quot;http://postnauka.ru/talks/22889&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Точка зрения | Русский как язык международного общения&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me, this says: ...Russian is a language, which makes it possible to grasp, learn and convey much more &lt;em&gt;than it's modern-day users&lt;/em&gt;. (???)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С одной стороны, русский безусловно является мировым языком во всех значениях слова «мировой»: он и один из пяти официальных языков ООН, и он язык, с помощью которого можно гораздо больше понять, узнать и рассказать, чем это делают современные его носители. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously I'm missing the point, because my version wouldn't be a good argument for the promotion of Russian as a language of international communication - in fact, it makes no sense at all. What am I missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-02T14:24:43.053" Title="чем in comparisons - what am I missing?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5647" CreationDate="2014-06-02T14:24:43.053" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The actual translation would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Russian is a language, which makes it possible to grasp, learn and convey much more than it's modern-day users &lt;strong&gt;do&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note the bold &lt;strong&gt;do&lt;/strong&gt; - it's the translation of Russian &lt;em&gt;делают&lt;/em&gt;. Essentially the phrase is saying that people use it less than they can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The actual comparison here is between &lt;em&gt;можно делать (понять, узнать, рассказать)&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;делают&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2014-06-02T14:24:43.053" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5649" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5651" CreationDate="2014-06-03T15:12:33.003" Score="10" ViewCount="376" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across the following construction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Ерунда! – воскликнул принц. – Я не стану есть свою собаку!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The context is an Indian prince, who is told he may have to eat his dog if the food runs out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This prompts two questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;не стану&lt;/strong&gt; in this construction, and how would it differ, let's say, from simply saying &lt;strong&gt;Я не съем свою собаку!&lt;/strong&gt; ?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why is the imperfective &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt; used here, when this refers to a specific situation with a specific dog?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-03T15:16:41.220" LastActivityDate="2015-01-09T06:10:35.790" Title="Use of не стану [делать]" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;вид&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4466" CreationDate="2014-06-03T15:27:18.070" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Obviously I'm not Russian, however I have seen the word &lt;strong&gt;красава&lt;/strong&gt; used in this way, and I believe it means something like &quot;good one!&quot; &quot;good going!&quot; The natives will have to weigh in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-03T15:27:18.070" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5651" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5649" CreationDate="2014-06-03T15:37:39.607" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The whole sentence would properly be translated as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I will never eat my own dog.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However word-for-word it's more like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I will not become [such that I] eat my own dog.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I will not get to be [such that I] eat my own dog.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Verb &lt;em&gt;cтать&lt;/em&gt; (here &lt;em&gt;не стать&lt;/em&gt;) in this sentence is the equivalent of &lt;em&gt;become&lt;/em&gt; in English or &lt;em&gt;get to be&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether or not you are talking about a specific dog in a specific situation is irrelevant to using perfective/imperfective verbs.  It's more about the situation as a whole.  As he (the prince) wouldn't eat his own dog, he won't be eating (&lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;) and thus won't have finished eating it (&lt;em&gt;съесть&lt;/em&gt;). There's just the slight difference in meaning (or rather emphasis).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не съем свою собаку&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;has the emphasis on &lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt; - (&lt;em&gt;eat&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не стану есть свою собаку&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;has the emphasis on &lt;em&gt;не стану&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;won't become&lt;/em&gt;), making the point that much stronger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2015-01-08T22:07:10.340" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T22:07:10.340" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5652" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5649" CreationDate="2014-06-03T16:59:08.843" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;не стану&lt;/code&gt; here is equivalent to &lt;code&gt;не буду&lt;/code&gt;, and the latter is more common in modern Russian.  So you could also say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не буду есть свою собаку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the comparison to &lt;code&gt;Я не съем&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;не стану / не буду&lt;/code&gt; puts more emphasis on the negation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2014-06-03T16:59:08.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5653" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5654" CreationDate="2014-06-03T20:26:53.523" Score="12" ViewCount="13012" Body="&lt;p&gt;My tandem-partner says &lt;em&gt;короче&lt;/em&gt;. I asked her to tell me the meaning, but she refused to teach me 'bad Russian' (I don't know if she was kidding, though). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lingvo-online.ru/en/Translate/en-ru/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5&quot;&gt;короче in Lingvo&lt;/a&gt; but that source doesn't provide the expected meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastActivityDate="2017-05-03T08:59:16.647" Title="What does &quot;короче&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5653" CreationDate="2014-06-03T20:56:00.770" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just a filler word. Associated with being cool and kinda redneck nowadays. A colloquial contraction from an already colloquial &lt;strong&gt;&quot;короче говоря&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (in a nutshell, to make a long story short)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some people are just too used to inserting it at the beginning of a sentence, which is grammatically correct but still looks like a verbal tic if you love it too much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Короче, я вот что хочу сказать = 'kay, here's what I want to say &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Короче, она пришла ко мне и расплакалась. = Long story short, she came to me and burst into tears.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-06-20T13:25:32.043" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T13:25:32.043" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5655" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5657" CreationDate="2014-06-04T15:16:41.130" Score="4" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the Russian &lt;code&gt;должен (быть)&lt;/code&gt; to be used analogous to &lt;code&gt;must&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Particularly can one say &lt;code&gt;не должен (быть)&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;for &lt;code&gt;must not&lt;/code&gt; as in prohibition &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;or would that rather mean, &lt;em&gt;it shouldn't&lt;/em&gt; (as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.linguee.com/english-russian/search?source=auto&amp;amp;query=%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%20%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;linguee&lt;/a&gt; suggests) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;or is it to be understood &lt;em&gt;it's not necessary&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is that negation rather uncommon at all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-06-04T15:56:41.273" Title="Is &quot;не должен (быть)&quot; like &quot;must not&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5656" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6705" CreationDate="2014-06-04T15:37:40.207" Score="6" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found &lt;code&gt;подходить друг к другу, гармонировать&lt;/code&gt;. However, it sounds a bit like something, that fits together / suits each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there maybe a way to stress the togetherness/unity/fellowship of two things/people of the same nature?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: I'm &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; looking for an expression which is used for a romantic relationship between a man and a woman exclusively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-07T05:55:54.343" LastActivityDate="2016-10-29T18:10:45.193" Title="Translation of &quot;belong together&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5655" CreationDate="2014-06-04T15:45:44.277" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Должен/не должен (быть)&lt;/em&gt; may mean &lt;em&gt;must/must not&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;should/should not&lt;/em&gt; depending on the context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Солдат должен быть готов отдать жизнь за свою страну.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  A soldier must be ready to give his life for his country.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пассажиры не должны разговаривать с водителем во время движения автобуса.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Passengers must not talk to the driver while the bus is moving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Этот ресторан должен быть где-то тут.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  This restaurant should be somewhere here.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Там не должно быть очень шумно.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  It shouldn't be too noisy there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, the translation can be either &lt;em&gt;must&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; and depends on the specific sentence that you're translating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;[It's] not necessary&lt;/em&gt; is a translation of &lt;em&gt;необязательно&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Знание иностранного языка - необязательно.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Knowledge of foreign language isn't necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-06-04T15:56:41.273" LastActivityDate="2014-06-04T15:56:41.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5658" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5656" CreationDate="2014-06-04T15:53:49.263" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Especially when talking about people (or couples), but not necessarily, &lt;em&gt;belong together&lt;/em&gt; is best translated as &lt;em&gt;созданы друг для друга&lt;/em&gt; (literally &lt;em&gt;made for each other&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They belong together.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Они созданы друг для друга.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another phrase you can often encounter is &lt;em&gt;суждено быть вместе&lt;/em&gt; (close to English &lt;em&gt;written in the stars to be together&lt;/em&gt;), however it has a slightly different sub-context: &lt;em&gt;cуждено быть вместе&lt;/em&gt; implies that they &lt;em&gt;will&lt;/em&gt; be together while &lt;em&gt;belong together&lt;/em&gt; implies that they are good together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-06-04T16:01:25.380" LastActivityDate="2014-06-04T16:01:25.380" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5659" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5682" CreationDate="2014-06-04T23:25:50.357" Score="5" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that both of these adverbs are used to express &quot;must&quot; in assumptions. I wonder if they're completely synonymous, or if one carries a different set of semantic nuances from the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Наверняка/вероятно&lt;/strong&gt; вчера с Андреем что-то случилось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Something must've happened to Andrey yesterday.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(... he never showed up, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T17:15:07.273" Title="Is there any difference between вероятно and наверняка in expressing assumptions?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5659" CreationDate="2014-06-05T01:43:41.287" Score="6" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Вероятно&quot; is like &quot;probably&quot; or &quot;likely&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Наверняка&quot; is like &quot;for sure&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the statement about Andrew's calamities is expected to be overestimated (i.e. a mother which always worries about her son), &quot;наверняка&quot; may sound better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1266" LastEditorUserId="1266" LastEditDate="2014-06-05T01:52:58.020" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T01:52:58.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5649" CreationDate="2014-06-05T10:46:45.240" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not like that dog sentence, so I will start with Shady_arc comment&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Я не стану учиться на каникулах&quot; (I won't study during my holidays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a wish, proposal for future - but live is hard, parents may think different about that matter, and everything may turn out different, as it planned.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So sentence is expression of who speaks, expression of his current feelings.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But feeling, as any knows, are object of change, especially in long run therms. And highly depends on who makes that statement.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So focus is on the person. And in literature, I wouldn't be surprised, if everything turns to situation where person have to make choose, or do something he denies(even as unlikely possibility) before, especially when it goes about Indian prince's.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So person on first place and unlikely situation in far not defined future (as person thinks)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Also it may be(or actually is) form of oath, vow - in form where unwanted action is not directly connected to the person.(as image in someone else's mind, or it's own mind)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не буду есть свою собаку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dima's equivalent have different flavor, it's more like decision or promise.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Hard future is now, or can be observed as doom, days, weeks, months.&#xA;But anyway here should be a reason, why that question considered to be answered, reasons may be clear from context. One possible reason because you already promised your dog: &lt;em&gt;&quot;Я не буду тебя есть, Пушок, но будет лучше если ты нам нанюхаешь еды.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;  (and really, most times there is much better ways to use your dog to get some food, then just eat that dog.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Also there is another reason as example - because you do not think that dog meat is tasty. (&quot;свою собаку&quot; - makes that reason a bit unlikely, but)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не съем свою собаку&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe a promise, but one word ruins all glory : &lt;em&gt;&quot;Я не съем свою собаку, один&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&quot;Я не съем свою собаку, один, за раз&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So flavors of considering to eat that dog, but something ruins the plan.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Ерунда! – воскликнул принц. – Я не стану есть свою собаку!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Говорит нам о том, что человек легкомысленный, не слишком далекий,&#xA;но возможно хороший человек, имеющий привязанности&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Настоящий младший принц, без забот и хлопот и проблем ))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3713" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T10:46:45.240" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5649" CreationDate="2014-06-05T14:06:36.807" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не съем свою собаку&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such thing will not happen that I complete eating my dog. This may be because the dog is too big for me so I can eat only a part or because the dog will not be with me at the time or due to some other obstacles, including, possibly (but not limited to), my own intention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не стану есть свою собаку&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not want to even start eating my dog. This is due to my intention, and not due to some obstacles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-06-05T14:35:46.257" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T14:35:46.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5663" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5665" CreationDate="2014-06-05T14:38:12.130" Score="10" ViewCount="768" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes you use a word-combination of 2 nouns to denote a quantity of entities: «большинство людей». Should a singular or plural form be used for a verb after that? I.e., «большинство людей не знает» or «большинство людей не знают»? Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="190" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-06-05T14:40:45.877" LastActivityDate="2014-06-06T20:20:50.173" Title="Singular or plural verb after a singular noun denoting a quantity?" Tags="&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5663" CreationDate="2014-06-05T15:05:32.163" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, both are possible and interchangeable, according to the Russian grammar rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Большинство граждан проголосовал&lt;b&gt;о&lt;/b&gt; за нового президента&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Большинство граждан проголосовал&lt;b&gt;и&lt;/b&gt; за нового президента&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second option is preferable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When the subject is separated from the predicate with another parts of the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Множество замечаний по содержанию диссертации и оформлению библиографии &lt;strong&gt;были высказаны&lt;/strong&gt; молодому аспиранту.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When the subject is separated from the predicate by an attributive construction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Часть средств, вырученных от продажи книги, &lt;strong&gt;пойдут&lt;/strong&gt; на содержание больниц.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the action of every participant is important:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ряд сотрудников нашей организации &lt;strong&gt;выступили&lt;/strong&gt; с этой инициативой.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If there are two predicates:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ряд учеников не считают выполнение домашних заданий необходимым и &lt;strong&gt;приходят&lt;/strong&gt; на урок неподготовленными.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the predicate is formed by a noun or an adjective in plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Большинство домов в этой деревне &lt;strong&gt;были&lt;/strong&gt; деревянными.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-05T16:49:57.220" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T16:49:57.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5663" CreationDate="2014-06-05T15:10:38.477" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both are used, i.e. in modern Russian these two forms are interchangeable in many context. Though, not always.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If it &lt;strong&gt;isn't&lt;/strong&gt; a two-word combination, but a single word denoting some concept which is formally a word in singular — then only formal grammatical agreement is correct, i.e. singular: &lt;em&gt;Большинство не знает&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Plural agreement is recommended in the following cases:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if you need to stress that the actions were performed independently and/or that the agents were active rather than passive: Большинство студентов хорошо написали дипломы.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if you have a long sentence and there are many words between the subject and the object: formal agreement will sound less clear in this case (you'll have to re-read the sentence to realise that the subject is formally a singular construction)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;when you have several predicates: Большинство родителей любят своих детей, но не всегда знают их друзей.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if you have an adjectival phrase in plural that describes the subject. if the predicate contains adjective in plural: Большинство кошек в питомнике &lt;em&gt;были полосатыми&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/?rub=bolshinstvo&quot;&gt;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/?rub=bolshinstvo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T15:10:38.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5666" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5667" CreationDate="2014-06-05T16:11:20.297" Score="5" ViewCount="1431" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently came across the two words гостеприимство and гостеприимность. Can someone explain how гостеприимность is different from гостеприимство? Examples where гостеприимность would be used but гостеприимность can not would be helpful. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2014-06-06T03:00:45.313" LastActivityDate="2017-03-06T05:31:53.907" Title="Гостеприимство и гостеприимность" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5666" CreationDate="2014-06-05T16:20:55.323" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I feel there is no difference except that &quot;гостеприимность&quot; is a really rare word, probably a new variation of &quot;гостеприимство&quot; that uses the other way of forming the abstract noun (гостеприимный → гостеприимность).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I decided to use brute force and look in &quot;Russian National Corpus&quot;... 7 instances of &quot;гостеприимность&quot; for almost 230 million words of corpus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it does not sound wrong. At least, to my ear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T16:20:55.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5666" CreationDate="2014-06-05T19:55:54.420" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;гостеприимность is a characteristics of somebody or something.&lt;br&gt;(english -ness suffix).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;гостеприимство is a substantive form derived from the word гостеприимный.&lt;br&gt;(english -ship suffix)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T19:55:54.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4615" CreationDate="2014-06-05T20:55:39.470" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;ставить перед фактом&quot; is very common. (reveal smth before him, for he will be reduced with the remain options. literally &quot;put him before the fact&quot;).&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I confronted him with the fact, [of] that I've seen him entering the building.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я поставил его перед фактом того, что я видел его входящим в здание.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  He was confronted with the fact, [of] that somebody has seen him entering the building.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Он был поставлен перед фактом [того], что кто-то видел его входящим в здание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-06T08:36:15.990" LastActivityDate="2014-06-06T08:36:15.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5653" CreationDate="2014-06-05T21:24:53.963" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means something like &quot;without going into detail,&quot; usually after an attempt was made to give the longer version or, literally, &quot;in short&quot;. For many it is a parasite word, getting into their every other sentence. It's not as bad as &quot;так сказать&quot; but similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have a Canadian friend who injects &quot;так сказать&quot; into almost every sentence. I witnessed him talking to his Canadian friends and putting it into English sentences. Your friend is right, treat it as if it wasn't spoken at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T21:24:53.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4595" CreationDate="2014-06-05T21:30:06.657" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;my guess, the word &quot;сровнялось&quot; is applied to approximate the speech to the style that grandpas, grandmas do use.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;and is similiar to &quot;he become aged to the (amount of years)&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T21:30:06.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4566" CreationDate="2014-06-05T21:48:37.937" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;как-никак = the way of&lt;br&gt;&#xA;будет как-никак&lt;br&gt;&#xA;will be the way of better&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T21:48:37.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4535" CreationDate="2014-06-05T22:06:13.167" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;найти себя в чем-то (is short for &quot;найти полноту самого себя в чем либо&quot;, &quot;себя&quot; in this case is &quot;one's essence/fulfillment&quot;, полный-full)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;example - найти себя в спорте (найти полноту самого себя в спорте)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;well, whether you are fully filled with yourself then this you it is the one who you are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastEditorUserId="4188" LastEditDate="2014-06-05T22:12:05.373" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T22:12:05.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4522" CreationDate="2014-06-05T23:42:34.190" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;it might be said through &quot;(само)утверждать[ся]/(само)выражать[ся] через кого-то/что-то или с помощью кого-то/чего-то&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Некоторые люди &quot;самоутверждаются&quot; через свою работу.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Он &quot;самоутверждается&quot; с помощью своей жены.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Размер круга может &quot;быть выражен&quot; через его диаметр.&lt;br&gt;(official: может быть выражен = colloquial: может выражаться)&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastActivityDate="2014-06-05T23:42:34.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4512" CreationDate="2014-06-06T00:08:30.900" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;суть дела - the essence of a matter&lt;br&gt;&#xA;сущность вопроса - an essence of the issue&lt;br&gt;&#xA;существо - a creature&lt;br&gt;&#xA;существование - an existence&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastActivityDate="2014-06-06T00:08:30.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5678" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5680" CreationDate="2014-06-06T11:53:02.600" Score="5" ViewCount="389" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; and the non-existent lingvo entry for &lt;strong&gt;еле-еле&lt;/strong&gt; don't shed light on its meaning. I usually misstrust (at least a little), when two words are marked as synonyms. In this case еле-еле must be different from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lingvo-online.ru/ru/Translate/ru-en/%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;елe&lt;/a&gt;. Isn't it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2014-06-06T12:08:20.883" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T17:06:18.623" Title="What's the meaning of еле-еле?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5678" CreationDate="2014-06-06T12:02:18.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это означает &lt;em&gt;очень мало&lt;/em&gt;. Обычно относительно скорости или достижения каких-то результатов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;еле-еле&lt;/strong&gt; ехал - ехал очень медленно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;еле-еле&lt;/strong&gt; победил - победил с очень небольшим преимуществом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3944" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-06-06T13:03:29.967" LastActivityDate="2014-06-06T13:03:29.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5678" CreationDate="2014-06-06T12:42:07.743" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @mr_tron pointed out, the meaning is &lt;em&gt;very little&lt;/em&gt;, however best English equivalent I can think of is &lt;em&gt;barely&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он еле-еле дышал.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  He was barely breathing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он еле-еле ехал.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  He was barely moving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on the context, some other words of similar meaning can be substituted, all around the same meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он еле-еле победил.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  He barely won. (&lt;em&gt;This doesn't sound very good.&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  He won by a tiny margin. (&lt;em&gt;This sounds better in English.&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning of word &lt;em&gt;еле&lt;/em&gt; is exactly the same, although you could argue that repeating the word twice emphasises its meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он еле дышал.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Он еле-еле дышал.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  He was barely breathing. (&lt;em&gt;Both versions.&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2014-06-06T12:42:07.743" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5678" CreationDate="2014-06-06T13:54:13.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;by a small margin&quot; or &quot;with little room to spare&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-06-06T13:54:13.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5659" CreationDate="2014-06-06T13:59:01.673" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The exact meaning of the words are as Vi said, one shows a high probability and the other a certainty. In usage, however, they are both used to express the same concept but, Наверняка is colloquial while Вероятно is more literary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-06-06T13:59:01.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4512" CreationDate="2014-06-06T17:20:23.297" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;суть&lt;/strong&gt; - essence, main point of the idea, speech, text, demonstrative act.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;сущность&lt;/strong&gt; - essence, real, may be hidden nature of a being, thing, object, person&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;существо&lt;/strong&gt; - being (as an object, not as action)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;существование&lt;/strong&gt; - existence (action)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-06-06T17:20:23.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5649" CreationDate="2014-06-06T17:23:44.857" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;IN SUMMARY and to make sure I understand all your answers: it's a matter of personal volition. If you said something and I didn't understand you, I can't say &quot;Извини, я не стал понимать&quot; because I had no choice in the matter - it just didn't happen. BUT I could say: &quot;Не зная кто он, я не стал давать ему свой номер телефона&quot; meaning simply &quot;I didn't give him my number&quot; but implying &quot;I chose not to under the circumstances.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-06T17:23:44.857" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5663" CreationDate="2014-06-06T20:20:50.173" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Большинство проголосовало&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Люди, составляющие большинство, проголосовали&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first case, you are talking about a single entity - Большинство.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second, many entities, Люди.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Большинство людей is still a single entity. Людей is just a qualifier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-06-06T20:20:50.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5686" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5687" CreationDate="2014-06-07T08:03:20.477" Score="2" ViewCount="262" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say your friend got a new job, but the first week was awful. What would the right word for &lt;em&gt;encouraging&lt;/em&gt; your friend to not quit the job immediately, but to go on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some possibilities seem to be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;воодушевлять &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вдохновлять &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ободрять&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;подбодрять&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;поощрять&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;... давать смелость, вселять мужество, придавать бодрости, внушать бодрость&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I cannot figure out which of these are really commonly used, e. g. I was told &lt;em&gt;поощрять&lt;/em&gt; you'd say to a child only. I also think that &lt;em&gt;развеселить&lt;/em&gt; is inept, as it's more like &lt;em&gt;amuse&lt;/em&gt; with the aim of changing ones (superficial) mood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is the word to choose and how can those given words be used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2015-03-29T01:35:58.980" Title="Words for encourage, hearten, embolden" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5686" CreationDate="2014-06-07T10:26:12.300" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case we would use &lt;strong&gt;ободрять-ободрить&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;подбодрять-подбодрить&lt;/strong&gt;. Вселять-вселить мужество, придавать-придать бодрости and внушать-внушить бодрость are all synonyms of &lt;strong&gt;ободрять&lt;/strong&gt;, but are not commonly used, I would say they are quite bookish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have never heard of the expression &lt;strong&gt;давать смелость&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We use the verb &lt;strong&gt;ободрять-ободрить&lt;/strong&gt; when we want to encourage a person because he (she) is in a bad mood or something bad happened. &lt;strong&gt;Подбодрять-подбодрить&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;encourage a little bit&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я ободрил друга, сказав ему, что это временные трудности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она приободрила сына и сказала: &quot;Ничего, в следующем году экзамены&#xA;сдашь, не беда!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Поощрять-поощрить&lt;/strong&gt; is used when we give smth to a person (not only a child) if he (she) did something which was good (correct). It can be translated into English as &quot;reward&quot; or &quot;praise&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Режиссёр поощрял оригинальные идеи артистов.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Воодушевлять-воодушевить&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;to inspire smb to do smth&quot;, &quot;fill with enthusiasm&quot;, &quot;inspirit&quot;. It is used with the preposition &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; and the Accusative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Рассказ воодушевил художника на создание полотна.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вдохновлять-вдохновить&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;to inspire smb to do smth&quot;. It is a synonym of &lt;strong&gt;воодушевлять-воодушевить&lt;/strong&gt;, but is normally used with artistic or scientific work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Паук-акробат вдохновил учёных на создание робота.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T10:26:12.300" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5666" CreationDate="2014-06-07T10:43:54.247" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those can be used synonymously&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы показали гостям &lt;strong&gt;свое гостеприимство / свою гостеприимность&lt;/strong&gt; и доброжелательность.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;code&gt;гостеприимство&lt;/code&gt; is far more widespread in spoken and &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE,%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;year_start=1900&amp;amp;year_end=2008&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1;,%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE;,c0;.t1;,%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C;,c0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;written form&lt;/a&gt;, whereas an increase of using &lt;code&gt;гостеприимность&lt;/code&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;year_start=1900&amp;amp;year_end=2008&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1;,%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C;,c0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;can be observed&lt;/a&gt; only since the second half of the last centuryю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-06-07T14:12:06.737" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T14:12:06.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5689" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5691" CreationDate="2014-06-07T15:32:54.930" Score="3" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a text, I saw a comment to the effect of: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Да она хорошенькая, нечего сказать! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I believe this was meant to be sarcastic, given the context.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then in another passage, I saw:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хороший он человек, нечего и говорить!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference between these two, or are they interchangeable? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2014-06-07T16:27:12.653" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T07:17:54.893" Title="нечего сказать versus нечего говорить - What's the difference?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5689" CreationDate="2014-06-07T15:43:13.420" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нечего сказать in this sentence may be sarcastic or not, it expresses slight surprise of the speaker about the said fact &quot;I have no words&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нечего говорить here may be either somewhat unusual (and possibly not too correct) synonym to нечего сказать or it may be contraction from &quot;нечего тут и говорить&quot; meaning &quot;here is nothing to argue about&quot;, expressing belief in the fact possibly contrary to the possible opponent's scepticism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-06-08T07:17:54.893" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T07:17:54.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5689" CreationDate="2014-06-07T16:12:37.733" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In many (or even in most) cases (apart from the sarcastic usage coverad by @Annix) &lt;code&gt;нечего сказать&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;нечего говорить&lt;/code&gt; are synonymous, meaning &quot;there's no doubt&quot;, &quot;there's nothing to discuss.&quot; Both of your sentences can be examples of this synonymous usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &lt;code&gt;сказать&lt;/code&gt; implies one person speaking ('saying'), and &lt;code&gt;говорить&lt;/code&gt; implies  one ore more persons talking ('talking', 'discussing'), so &lt;code&gt;Да она хорошенькая, нечего сказать!&lt;/code&gt; can mean &quot;She's beautiful, &lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt; can't argue with that&quot;, and &lt;code&gt;Хороший он человек, нечего говорить!&lt;/code&gt; can mean &quot;He's a great person, no question.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2014-06-07T17:51:47.630" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T17:51:47.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5692" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5698" CreationDate="2014-06-07T16:36:21.913" Score="1" ViewCount="190" Body="&lt;p&gt;(Да) ты крут!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see this everywhere. Is it the equivalent of (Am.) English &amp;quot;Oh, you're goo(ooo)d...&amp;quot; when someone does something well or shows what he's capable of (usually to the speaker's surprise, who is also duly impressed)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7L7lalP1Lk&amp;amp;feature=kp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Oh, you're good!&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T16:21:11.340" Title="Idiomatic equivalent of ты крут" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5695" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5678" CreationDate="2014-06-07T17:06:18.623" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There certainly are cases when one of the usages is considered more appropriate than the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example that comes to mind is &quot;еле слышно&quot; (more correct) vs &quot;еле-еле слышно&quot; (less correct (I think))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or &quot;он еле-еле двигал ногами&quot; (more correct I think) vs &quot;он еле двигал ногами&quot;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;although &quot;еле двигался&quot; seem to be OK&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3949" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T17:06:18.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5659" CreationDate="2014-06-07T17:15:07.273" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It might be added that until (I believe) around the early XXth century &quot;наверное&quot; meant &quot;certainly&quot; whereas today by some reason &quot;наверно&quot; seems to be more towards &quot;вероятно&quot; than &quot;наверняка&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3949" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T17:15:07.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5697" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4619" CreationDate="2014-06-07T17:32:34.140" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe in this context &quot;а вот&quot; translates as &quot;however&quot;; if there would be &quot;a&quot; (without &quot;вот&quot;), this should be translated as &quot;whereas&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3949" LastActivityDate="2014-06-07T17:32:34.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5698" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5692" CreationDate="2014-06-08T04:37:20.507" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In colloquial American English it would be &quot;you're a badass&quot;. Another option is &quot;mean&quot;, but it's used to characterize a skill or action, e.g. &quot;that's some mean juggling&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2014-06-08T16:21:11.340" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T16:21:11.340" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5700" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5704" CreationDate="2014-06-08T14:07:04.340" Score="4" ViewCount="266" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, the phrase: &quot;Глупец! Ты не ведаешь что творишь!&quot; (&quot;Fool! You don't know what are you doing!&quot;. How to say the same in female form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Глупышка&quot; does not sound serious (like &quot;goosey&quot;, &quot;silly&quot;); &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Глупыня&quot;, &quot;Глупица&quot; does not sound grammatical;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Глупая&quot; does sound as high-flown as &quot;глупец&quot; in this context...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which term should one use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;LANG=ru:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как сказать &quot;Глупец! Ты не ведаешь, то творишь&quot; про женщину? &quot;Глупышка&quot;, &quot;глупая&quot; - не тот оттенок, &quot;глупица/глупыня&quot; - неправильно. Что лучше использовать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1266" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T14:32:19.337" Title="What is feminine form of &quot;глупец&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5701" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="5702" CreationDate="2014-06-08T14:08:50.047" Score="1" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this passage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Или как можно вообразить высадку инопланетян и Чехии, Венгрии, Финляндии или хоть в Бельгии? Во-первых, с какой стати? Очень странный выбор! Во-вторых, американцы там тут же окажутся, чтобы всё выяснить. Так что зачем терять инопланетянам время? А они, &lt;strong&gt;коль скоро&lt;/strong&gt; долетели до нас, уж точно не дураки. Так что лучше сразу, не теряя времени, в Америку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does the sentence with &lt;strong&gt;коль скоро&lt;/strong&gt; relate to the rest of the paragraph, and what does &lt;strong&gt;коль скоро&lt;/strong&gt; actually mean? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T14:24:28.323" Title="What is the meaning of коль скоро?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5701" CreationDate="2014-06-08T14:16:48.537" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Approximate translation to English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;gt; Так что зачем терять инопланетянам время? &#xA;So why the aliens should waste time?&#xA;&#xA;&amp;gt; А они, коль скоро долетели до нас, уж точно не дураки. &#xA;They, as they managed to get here, are definitely not fools.&#xA;&#xA;&amp;gt; Так что лучше сразу, не теряя времени, в Америку.&#xA;So better go to America straight from the beginning.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase means &quot;If alians are clever enough to manage to get to the Earth, they'll find out that USA people will appear wherever they land to investigate, so they are better to land in USA in the first place (to save up time).&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Note: I'm not endorsing this, just translating). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1266" LastEditorUserId="1266" LastEditDate="2014-06-08T14:24:28.323" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T14:24:28.323" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="5704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5700" CreationDate="2014-06-08T14:32:19.337" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Глупыня&lt;/strong&gt; is not widely used. Google has only 1530 results for this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Глупышка&lt;/strong&gt; is used in a different context, often to comfort and console a person, it is a tender form to say &quot;silly&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Глупышка, не плачь! Всё образуется!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Глупая&lt;/strong&gt; would be the better option here, although it doesn't sound as bookish as глупец.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make is sound high-flown I would put it like that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;О, неразумная! Ты не ведаешь, что творишь!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-06-08T14:32:19.337" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6699" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6701" CreationDate="2014-06-09T00:45:42.047" Score="4" ViewCount="348" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a comment about using foul language: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Только я почти никогда его не использую. Разве что против особо ''поехавших'' в качестве тяжелой артиллерии :D&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I almost never use it. Except against especially ___ people, by way of heavy artillery.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find a meaning for &lt;strong&gt;поехавший&lt;/strong&gt; in any dictionary, so I reckon it must be very colloquial or a funny made-up word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T16:36:30.053" Title="Meaning of поехавшие (люди)" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6700" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6702" CreationDate="2014-06-09T01:01:25.347" Score="3" ViewCount="171" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is и то это in the following comment a typo, or a way of emphasizing &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я от своих родителей, за все время пока жил с ними, выучил только &quot;бляха муха&quot; &lt;strong&gt;и то это&lt;/strong&gt; было так странно, что я даже помню конкретный момент и место, где была произнесена эта фраза.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My attempt:&lt;/strong&gt; During the whole time I lived with my parents, the only thing I learned from them was &quot;бляха муха,&quot; and (even) &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; was so weird to me, that I remember the precise moment and place it was uttered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T01:26:47.590" Title="и то это - is this a typo?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6699" CreationDate="2014-06-09T01:04:46.517" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Поехавший&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;crazy, weird, inadequate&quot; here. There is a colloquial idiom &lt;code&gt;[у него] крыша поехала&lt;/code&gt; (literary &quot;[his] roof is gone&quot;) which means &quot;he is off his chump (crumpet, noggin, nut, rocker, trolley); he has bats in his belfry; he has gone bughouse (bugs)&quot;, so the verb &lt;code&gt;поехать&lt;/code&gt; can also mean &quot;go crazy&quot;, and &lt;code&gt;поехавший&lt;/code&gt; is the past active participle from this verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он ещё хотел что-то сказать, но так и остался с открытым ртом, чем-то неожиданно напуганный. - Ты чё? - уставился на него Вовка. - Крыша поехала? (Б. Новосельцев, Отработка)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He wanted to say a few words more, but suddenly turned to stone, his mouth agape. 'What's the matter with you?' Vovka stared at him. 'Have you gone off your rocker, or what?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T01:04:46.517" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6700" CreationDate="2014-06-09T01:21:17.643" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not a typo, althogh a comma is missing after &quot;бляха муха&quot;. &lt;code&gt;И то&lt;/code&gt; here is a particle which shows contrast, your translation of it as &quot;even&quot; is correct. &quot;Это&quot; is the subject of the second clause of your sentence (&quot;это было странно&quot;). The point is that &quot;бляха муха&quot; is one of the most mild swearwords, but hearing &lt;em&gt;even&lt;/em&gt; such a mild one from the parents struck the character of your story. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2014-06-09T01:26:47.590" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T01:26:47.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5686" CreationDate="2014-06-09T18:53:15.183" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the described situation I can think of one commonly used word: &lt;strong&gt;поддержать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All other listed words are more formal &lt;em&gt;in this case&lt;/em&gt; (maybe, except &lt;strong&gt;подбодрять&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note you hardly can say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;я поддерживаю тебя&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; when you are speaking to the friend with tricky job  but absolutely can &quot;&lt;strong&gt;я поддержал его&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; when you're relating the story to someone else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="88" LastActivityDate="2014-06-09T18:53:15.183" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5656" CreationDate="2014-06-10T10:13:56.240" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like to extend Aleks G's answer.&#xA;Another quite close example is &lt;em&gt;они (как) одно целое&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;они как две половинки (одного целого)&lt;/em&gt;. The first one esp. good for things which are not alive.&#xA;The following works for things as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Идеально подогнаны&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;как тут и было&lt;/em&gt; (when a new part was added)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;как родное&lt;/em&gt; (e.g. after something was repaired)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;как влитой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For both things and people: &lt;em&gt;два сапога - пара&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For people: &lt;em&gt;водой не разольешь&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;закадычные друзья&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Joke/informal about two things or even people which are (practically) the same: &lt;em&gt;из одной бочки наливали&lt;/em&gt;. This originate from a joke:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A client is asking barman who is swindle but not very smart:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Why 3-year-old wine has &lt;em&gt;better&lt;/em&gt; taste than 5-year-old?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Have no idea, was poured from the same barrel!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="88" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T10:13:56.240" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="667" CreationDate="2014-06-10T14:17:24.660" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Айфон сдох&quot; for me definitely points it is broke, probably not from a physical cause but from some internal failure, the process possibly was prolonged (i.e. it was working unstably for a period before finally becoming disfunctional), but the later is not necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would never understand it as &quot;discharged&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T14:17:24.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6707" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6708" CreationDate="2014-06-10T19:57:48.387" Score="3" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that in some cases the predicate is marked by the instrumental, however i still don't see the logic behind it. Does it fulfill a specific grammatical need, or is it just arbitrary and accepted as is? Funny enough I use it correctly and instinctively, and even notice its absence, when people don't use it where it belongs. I just don't know why. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T21:33:06.277" Title="Is there a grammatical or syntactical logic behind the use of the instrumental in predicative nouns?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6707" CreationDate="2014-06-10T21:33:06.277" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Earlier, in the 19th century, the Nominative was more widely used in predicative constructions. In the 20th century the situation changed. There is a number of lexico-semantic clauses show clear case preferences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Predicate nouns favouring the Nominative case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nouns of nationality&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Evaluative nouns (дурак, красавица, весельчак)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Semantically bleached nouns, used as modifiers: человек, мужчина, девушка...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Temporaly unrestricted states: Ведь он был прекрасный учитель!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The subject in presumed known and the predicate subject contributes little: Он был талантливый студент!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pure state, without attention to the current situation and causal relatiionship to other events: Она была красавица, высокомерная и безразличная ко всему.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Predicate nouns favouring the Instrumental case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nouns of occupation, status and function: доктор, руководитель, председатель...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Deverbal and abstract nouns: занятие, чтение, цель, причина...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kinship terms&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Temporaly restricted states: Три года он работал в Самаре учителем.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The individual in question fits a certain definition: Он был самым талантливым студентом из всей группы.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Expectations (modal Instrumental): Вот если бы я был американцем!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Restricting adjunct or modifier: В этой одежде она казалась писаной красавицей.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a good article on this topic on the Internet: &lt;a href=&quot;http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1305/1/fulltext.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1305/1/fulltext.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T21:33:06.277" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6709" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6712" CreationDate="2014-06-10T21:36:31.877" Score="5" ViewCount="865" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that whenever I use one, I'm told to use the other :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-13T13:03:27.683" Title="What is the difference between пытаться и пробовать?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6710" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6713" CreationDate="2014-06-10T21:43:05.453" Score="0" ViewCount="947" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning and usage of (ну) нифига себе! Someone said it to me &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-11T17:06:39.580" Title="Meaning of нифига себе!" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2014-06-11T19:13:33.830" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6709" CreationDate="2014-06-10T21:50:41.350" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пытаться-попытаться&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;to make an effort to do something if you are not sure of the result&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я попытаюсь устроиться на работу, &lt;strong&gt;но не уверен, что мне удастся.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The synonym of пытаться-попытаться is &lt;strong&gt;стараться-постараться&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пробовать-попробовать&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;to try&quot;, &quot;to taste&quot; or &quot;to test&quot;  It doesn't have the meaning of making a big effort.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я попробую устроиться на работу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я хочу попробовать шоколад.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Учёные пробуют новый прибор в действии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="267" LastEditDate="2014-06-10T21:56:01.130" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T21:56:01.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6709" CreationDate="2014-06-10T21:54:03.227" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both of these words may be used in sense of trying something, making attempts to do something. Although, word &lt;code&gt;пытаться&lt;/code&gt; emphasizes that this process is difficult to a person involved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;попытаюсь&lt;/strong&gt; научиться танцевать танго.&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;I'll try to learn how to dance tango.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пробовать&lt;/code&gt;, when used as &quot;to try something&quot; means that a person doesn't make a big effort to achieve result, just &quot;tastes&quot; a new action. This is because the other meaning of the word &quot;пробовать&quot; is actually &quot;to taste something&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;попробую&lt;/strong&gt; сходить на занятие по танцам.&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;I'm going to try dance classes&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1305" LastEditorUserId="1305" LastEditDate="2014-06-10T22:12:53.900" LastActivityDate="2014-06-10T22:12:53.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6710" CreationDate="2014-06-10T21:54:53.033" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The correct spelling would be &quot;Ни фига себе!&quot; There is also another slang version of this expression, commonly used in social networks, &quot;фигасе&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is an exclamation of surprise, astonishment of shock (positive or negative). It can be translated as &quot;Oh boy&quot;, &quot;Wow&quot;, &quot;Holy cow&quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="267" LastEditDate="2014-06-11T17:06:39.580" LastActivityDate="2014-06-11T17:06:39.580" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6714" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6715" CreationDate="2014-06-11T19:41:12.347" Score="6" ViewCount="305" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't understand what вроде adds to this question. Can someone translate or paraphrase it for me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ты вроде говорил, что встречал её?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2014-06-12T14:36:44.560" LastActivityDate="2014-06-12T23:51:11.273" Title="Use of вроде in questions" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6714" CreationDate="2014-06-11T20:15:45.530" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This adds meaning of &quot;not completely sure&quot; to the &lt;strong&gt;declarative&lt;/strong&gt; sentence.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In the other words: &lt;em&gt;I'm almost sure, but not completely sure&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the translation is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I thought, you told me that you met her. Am I right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In opposite, without &lt;code&gt;вроде&lt;/code&gt;, this phrase becomes the following question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Have you ever told me, that you met her?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-06-11T20:15:45.530" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6714" CreationDate="2014-06-11T20:47:07.433" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;@Dmitry is correct for the asked question ( I can't add a comment due to lack of rep ), just wanted to expand on the use of the word 'вроде' ( adding uncertainty/fuzziness ) here's another use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она́ писа́ла что́-то вро́де мемуáров.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She was writing something like (or something that resembled) memorandums.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты же вро́де как сдал на права́.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Haven't you passed your driving test?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/vocabulary/vrode_like.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3848" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-06-11T20:47:07.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6714" CreationDate="2014-06-12T13:19:32.850" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;similar to&quot;, &quot;like&quot; or &quot;apparently&quot;. Much akin to the English word &quot;like&quot; in the teenage contingent of the California Valley, it can be a parasite in speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;ты вроде говорил, что встречал её?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Didn't you say that you had met her?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I believe you had said you had met her, no?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastEditorUserId="3859" LastEditDate="2014-06-12T23:51:11.273" LastActivityDate="2014-06-12T23:51:11.273" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6718" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-12T13:43:46.737" Score="5" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this comment: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наталья, я не выношу пауков. Поэтому я их, да, выношу. Глупо было бы жену просить, так? Остальных я выношу, и &lt;strong&gt;потому разве&lt;/strong&gt; что &quot;выпускаю&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-13T12:58:36.277" Title="Meaning of потому разве" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6718" CreationDate="2014-06-12T14:02:24.577" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not know where have you found the comment, but I can say that the sentence &quot;Остальных я выношу, и потому разве что &quot;выпускаю&quot;&quot; is wrong. So there is no meaning at all.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is better to say &quot;Наталья, я не терплю пауков, но я их выношу (на улицу). Глупо было бы просить об этом жену, правильно? Я их выношу и выпускаю (на волю).&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. I am not linguistic guy, just a native speaker&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.P.S I have never heard sentence &quot;потому разве&quot; before. The right phrases are &quot;потому что&quot;, &quot;разве что&quot; )) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3961" LastActivityDate="2014-06-12T14:02:24.577" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6714" CreationDate="2014-06-12T19:50:50.770" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;вроде&lt;/code&gt; in this case is expressing uncertainty:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ты вроде говорил, что встречал её?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You seem to have said that you have met her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Haven't you said that you have met her?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you omit &lt;code&gt;вроде&lt;/code&gt;, then it is simply a question: &amp;quot;Have you said that you have met her?&amp;quot; With &lt;code&gt;вроде&lt;/code&gt; the sentence is expressing doubt: &amp;quot;I thought you said that you've met her, but I am not sure&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-06-12T19:50:50.770" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6721" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6724" CreationDate="2014-06-12T20:25:00.870" Score="5" ViewCount="282" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is this word pronounced [ˈbuttɐ] or [ˈbutɐ] ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2014-08-01T20:25:56.187" LastActivityDate="2014-08-01T20:25:56.187" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;Будто&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6721" CreationDate="2014-06-12T22:42:34.693" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would use [ˈbuttɐ] if this word is on its own:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;После армии его будто подменили: он возмужал и стал по-другому смотреть на жизнь&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and the latter in &lt;code&gt;как будто&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Давай представим, как будто сейчас восемнадцатый век: нет ни компьютеров, ни телефонов&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2273" LastActivityDate="2014-06-12T22:42:34.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6721" CreationDate="2014-06-12T22:44:56.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;[ˈbuttɐ] : It has a double 't' and ends with short 'o'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3886" LastActivityDate="2014-06-12T22:44:56.280" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6721" CreationDate="2014-06-12T22:46:40.413" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Definitely, the first pronunciation (&lt;code&gt;[ˈbuttɐ]&lt;/code&gt;) is correct.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Double-&lt;code&gt;t&lt;/code&gt; sounds like a long &lt;code&gt;t&lt;/code&gt;. Tongue touches the palate, &lt;strong&gt;sleeps for a moment&lt;/strong&gt; and untouches it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-06-12T22:46:40.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2324" CreationDate="2014-06-13T10:52:46.537" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Один, два, три&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is usually used when counting items, things. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Раз, два, три&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is usually used when counting events (say, time in seconds, ticks) or actions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the later case one can interpret it as being a contraction of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;[один] раз, два [раза], три [раза]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc, literally &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;[one] time, two [times], three [times]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. So counting objects rather than actions starting with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;раз&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is somewhat incorrect, yet sometemes used colloquially. Counting actions rather than items starting with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;один&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; also sounds weird although if the action has masculine gender (like in прыжок, отжим), one can assume &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;один&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; be related to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-06-13T10:52:46.537" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6726" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6727" CreationDate="2014-06-13T12:14:46.037" Score="4" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a social context, рекомендовать means to introduce people to somebody. At first I thought is was a complete false-friend, however now I see that they might not be that far apart. For instance, if you were introducing a commercial product, you probably would say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I recommend/advise you read&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;X&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;book&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, when you say рекомендовать, is this a biased introduction of somebody? Like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I recommend you this person, I know who this person is and it will be beneficial to you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and not just introducing the person?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2014-06-13T22:28:31.583" LastActivityDate="2014-06-13T22:28:31.583" Title="Has рекомендовать something to do with &quot;recommend&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;социолингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6726" CreationDate="2014-06-13T12:44:29.757" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Below is a definition of the word &lt;strong&gt;Рекомендовать&lt;/strong&gt; from Словарь иностранных слов. As you can see, unbiased recommendation (3.) is now marked as outdated. Modern meaning is &quot;I recommend you X, because he/she/it is useful/beneficial to you:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;РЕКОМЕНДОВА́ТЬ, ду́ю, ду́ет, несов. и сов. [польск. rekomendować &amp;lt; ср.-лат. recommendare &amp;lt; лат. mandāre поручать].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  1. кого-что.Давать (дать) благоприятный отзыв о ком-чем-н., предлагать (предложить) использовать, принять куда-н. и т. п.Р. опытного работника. Р. кого-н. на должность заведующего.&#xA;  2. что и с инфин.Советовать.Врачи не рекомендуют мне отдыхать на юге.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  3. кого (что), устар.Знакомя с кем-н., называть (назвать), представлять (представить).Рекомендую вам мое семейство: жена, дочь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Several ethymologic dictionaries claim that the word is borrowed around 1705 from Polish language (&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/vasmer/46508&quot;&gt;rekomendować&lt;/a&gt;). However Словарь Ушакова marks this word as &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/1008398#%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%9C%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%94%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%AC0&quot;&gt;borrowed from French language&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-13T12:54:46.340" LastActivityDate="2014-06-13T12:54:46.340" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6718" CreationDate="2014-06-13T12:58:36.277" Score="3" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;..потому, разве что, выпускаю&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;..that's why, I let them go. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Разве что&quot; is a meaningless idiom in this sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is usually employed as &quot;unless&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я не люблю колбасу, разве что, когда очень голодный.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-06-13T12:58:36.277" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6709" CreationDate="2014-06-13T13:03:27.683" Score="3" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пытатся - To make an attempt&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пробовать - To sample something (try a new dish), also to make an&#xA;attempt.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-06-13T13:03:27.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6726" CreationDate="2014-06-13T19:01:39.847" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Рекомендовать always means to advise in modern Russian. So it cannot be used as unmarked &quot;to introduce&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-06-13T19:01:39.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6731" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6733" CreationDate="2014-06-14T19:43:29.400" Score="5" ViewCount="800" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know they can all be translated as &lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt;, and I know that &lt;strong&gt;что-то&lt;/strong&gt; differs from &lt;strong&gt;что-нибудь&lt;/strong&gt; in that it refers to something concrete, but not mentioned (whereas the former refers to anything at all) - but that's &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; I know. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2017-10-14T12:00:14.953" Title="What is the difference between что-то, нечто и кое-что?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6732" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6734" CreationDate="2014-06-14T19:51:01.920" Score="4" ViewCount="97" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, in the following passage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Там паук ждёт, пока в лову́шку не попадётся небольшое насеко́мое вроде ба́бочки или стрекозы́.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;¿Could this just as well be expressed as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Там паук ждёт, пока в лову́шку не попадётся небольшое насеко́мое как ба́бочка или стрекоза.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-14T20:02:23.820" Title="Are как and вроде interchangeable when citing or listing things or examples of things?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6731" CreationDate="2014-06-14T19:51:30.600" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;что-то&lt;/code&gt; would be normally used when the speaker has no knowledge of what the object is, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;кажется, я что-то вижу - I think I see something&#xA;что-то не так - something is not right&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;что-нибудь&lt;/code&gt; would be used to name one unknown item that belongs to a category/set:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;дай мне что-нибудь [выпить] - give me something [to drink] - from a set of drinks&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;что-нибудь&lt;/code&gt; also replaces &lt;code&gt;что-то&lt;/code&gt; in questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Ты что-нибудь видишь? - Do you see anything?&#xA;- Да, что-то вижу - Yes, I see something&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;кое-что&lt;/code&gt; is generally synonymous to &lt;code&gt;что-то&lt;/code&gt;, but can be used to express eagerness on the part of the speaker:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- У меня кое-что для тебя есть! - I have something for you!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;нечто&lt;/code&gt; is a deprecated form of &lt;code&gt;что-то&lt;/code&gt;, but now has an additional meaning of surprise/excitement, in this meaning it can be translated as &lt;code&gt;thing&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Это нечто удивительное! - This is [something] wonderful! / This is a wonderful thing!&#xA;&#xA;- Он просто нечто - He's just so cool/great (colloquial)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3971" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2017-10-13T22:02:44.203" LastActivityDate="2017-10-13T22:02:44.203" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6732" CreationDate="2014-06-14T20:02:23.820" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, &lt;code&gt;как&lt;/code&gt; can't be used to equally replace &lt;code&gt;вроде&lt;/code&gt;.  In this sentence, &lt;code&gt;вроде&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;such as&lt;/code&gt;, and can be replaced with a clause beginning with &lt;code&gt;такое как&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Там паук ждёт, пока в лову́шку не попадётся небольшое насеко́мое, такое как ба́бочка или стрекоза.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(note the case change here).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3971" LastActivityDate="2014-06-14T20:02:23.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6735" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6775" CreationDate="2014-06-15T16:04:23.357" Score="3" ViewCount="331" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this comment: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ваша фраза супер!: &quot;Чуть ли не все два читателя исправили эти имена, порекомендовали варианты или другое склонение.&quot; Именно противопоставление определенного количества &quot;два&quot; и неопределенного &quot;чуть ли не&quot; -- и дает эту изюминку!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-21T16:17:12.907" Title="What does давать изюминку mean? Give a raisin?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6735" CreationDate="2014-06-15T16:34:57.943" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;иметь изюминку&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;having a raisin&lt;/code&gt;) means same as &lt;code&gt;salting&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;code&gt;The book is a little dull, and needs salting with some interesting examples&lt;/code&gt; - &quot;having one extremely interesting / standing out feature that makes the whole object much more interesting&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, is said that peculiar use of numerals is what provides that &lt;code&gt;изюминку&lt;/code&gt;, a.k.a. &lt;code&gt;salting&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3971" LastActivityDate="2014-06-15T16:34:57.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6737" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6745" CreationDate="2014-06-15T22:11:08.523" Score="2" ViewCount="595" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this comment, obviously about a song: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сейчас в первый раз слушаю )) &lt;strong&gt;Да и то&lt;/strong&gt;, если бы не знал что они поют - в жизни бы не догадался.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2014-06-15T22:41:29.870" LastActivityDate="2014-06-16T20:56:46.120" Title="What is the meaning of да и то?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6737" CreationDate="2014-06-16T12:15:26.437" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;And still&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;And even given that&quot; - most literally&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;And even then&quot; - in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-06-16T20:56:46.120" LastActivityDate="2014-06-16T20:56:46.120" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6739" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6752" CreationDate="2014-06-16T13:45:58.453" Score="4" ViewCount="1633" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm having difficulty understanding when to use &quot;Я&quot; and when to use &quot;мне&quot;.  In the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я хочу книгу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We use &quot;Я&quot; meaning &lt;code&gt;I&lt;/code&gt;.  But in the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужна книга&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We use &quot;Мне&quot; meaning &lt;code&gt;I&lt;/code&gt;.  Why don't we use &quot;Я&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1571" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-16T14:35:14.573" LastActivityDate="2014-06-18T14:17:21.140" Title="Использование &quot;я&quot; и &quot;мне&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6740" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6743" CreationDate="2014-06-16T13:52:15.847" Score="3" ViewCount="165" Body="&lt;p&gt;My dictionary(s) define(s) &lt;strong&gt;безусловный&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;em&gt;unconditional&lt;/em&gt;. Given that meaning, I don't know how to interpret it in this context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я прочла дискуссию о &quot;коль скоро&quot;. У меня есть своё мнение. Для меня&#xA;  является безусловным, что только для хорошо образованного человека&#xA;  употребление этого выражения не может являться проблемой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T16:24:59.243" Title="Meaning of безусловный" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6741" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6739" CreationDate="2014-06-16T14:04:23.030" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне&lt;/strong&gt; actually means &quot;to me&quot; and is in the dative case, whereas &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;I&quot; and is in the nominative case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To review:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The nominative is the case of the subject of the sentence. In this case &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;: &#xA;The accusative is the case of the direct object - in this case книга ➝ &lt;strong&gt;книгу&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я&lt;/strong&gt; хочу книгу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dative is the case of the indirect object, i.e. the recipient - in this case я ➝ &lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне&lt;/strong&gt; нужна книга. (literally: to me (is) necessary (a) book)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-16T14:04:23.030" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6742" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6750" CreationDate="2014-06-16T14:04:25.863" Score="19" ViewCount="2716" Body="&lt;p&gt;My partner's family all speak Russian, which is not my native language. I used to be in classes which helped me have regular practice at listening, but now that they are done, I'm finding myself in embarrassing situations with the family where I mistake one word for another (confusing &quot;как грибы?&quot; for &quot;как рыбы?&quot;, and saying they are good when I clearly have no mushrooms on my plate), or they will ask me questions and I didn't even understand one word. When everybody is speaking Russian I just stay silent now so I don't make a fool of myself, but this is getting to be a big problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reading is a lot easier for me since I can go at my own pace, look back at parts that I don't understand, and skim for context. All of this is impossible in conversation, but I don't want to be mute around them forever. How can I improve my listening? Most movies and TV shows are difficult for me because they speak so quickly, but maybe there are some good ones for children that aren't boring?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3620" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-09-11T17:58:23.080" LastActivityDate="2015-07-31T09:24:28.643" Title="How can I improve my listening comprehension?" Tags="&lt;resources&gt;&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6743" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6740" CreationDate="2014-06-16T14:05:11.190" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this context it means &quot;without a doubt&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update:&#xA;&quot;I read a discussion on &quot;коль скоро&quot;. I have my own opinion. For me &quot;there is no doubt&quot; that only for a well-educated person use of this expression can not be a problem.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3976" LastEditorUserId="3976" LastEditDate="2014-06-16T14:50:07.220" LastActivityDate="2014-06-16T14:50:07.220" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6739" CreationDate="2014-06-16T14:23:41.613" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Once again, don't have the rep to add a comment to @CocoPop answer, this is only meant as an addition to what's already said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я хочу книгу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I want a book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужна книга. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I need a book ( literally: [Myself | to me] needs [a] book ) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я нуждюсь в книге.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am in need of a book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3848" LastActivityDate="2014-06-16T14:23:41.613" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6737" CreationDate="2014-06-16T14:31:13.413" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This expression is used in two distinct cases, which look very similar in English, but convey different intents in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to speculate on a situation with a highly predictable outcome (this is what @Anixx refers to in the other answer)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;as a kind of disjunct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your example is the first case; the speaker is confident that if he had no knowledge beforehand &lt;em&gt;[of the song content]&lt;/em&gt; he would likely have not guessed on his own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would translate it directly as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am hearing it now for the first time. &lt;strong&gt;But unless&lt;/strong&gt; I did know what they are singing about beforehand, I would have never guessed it in my whole life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two sentences to illustrate the concept of speculation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Negative&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не могу починить этот стол без инструментов. &lt;strong&gt;Да и то&lt;/strong&gt;, если у меня и&#xA;были они, не смог бы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot mend this table without instruments. &lt;strong&gt;But even&lt;/strong&gt; if I had them, I could not do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Positive&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я получил лучшую оценку в классе, потому что готовился всю ночь. &lt;strong&gt;Да и то&lt;/strong&gt;, если и просто бы выспался, тоже был бы первым.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I got the best mark in my class because I had been studying the whole night. &lt;strong&gt;Although even&lt;/strong&gt; if I just slept well, I would have been the first one too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NB&lt;/strong&gt;: This expression could be colloquially replaced with &amp;quot;Но даже&amp;quot; in this meaning&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Но даже если бы и просто выспался, был бы первым&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second meaning is used to neglect an action&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пока сидели за чаем, он обратился к сестрам только раз, &lt;strong&gt;да и то&lt;/strong&gt; с какими-то странными словами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While [we/they] have had tea, he addressed the sisters only once, &lt;strong&gt;and even then&lt;/strong&gt; with some odd words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or express a deceitful intent or confusion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тогда он извлек множество смятых бумажек из кармана, но показал их не брату, а инспектору, &lt;strong&gt;да и то&lt;/strong&gt; издали.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then he extracted a pile of crumpled papers from a pocket, but had shown them not to a brother, but to an inspector, &lt;strong&gt;and even then&lt;/strong&gt; from afar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="899" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-06-16T14:31:13.413" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6742" CreationDate="2014-06-16T14:42:24.560" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I highly recommend to read CocoPop's answer, since he is learning Russian, while most others are native speakers here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also you may want to check out &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/840/551&quot;&gt;Resources for learing Russian&lt;/a&gt; for educational podcasts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think you can listen to audiobooks. Narrators won't speak as fast as actors in a movies. Or you can search for a book that is read slowly. Or you can find a software that slows down reading.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also you'll be able to find a text version of the book and check if you understood correctly. And you'll also be able to check if the text is too hard for you to listen to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-06-16T18:12:25.027" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6742" CreationDate="2014-06-16T15:20:37.670" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Use the free Media Player Classic to watch some movies/shows with subtitles and slightly slowed down audio - MPC will slow down speech without making audio sound bassy. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3971" LastActivityDate="2014-06-16T15:20:37.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6742" CreationDate="2014-06-16T15:24:20.710" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Artemix said, audiobooks (&lt;em&gt;аудиокниги&lt;/em&gt;) may be very useful, but to my mind radio theatre (&lt;em&gt;радиоспектакли&lt;/em&gt;), which is usually distinguished from audiobooks, would be more useful for training comprehension since in drama actors are &lt;em&gt;talking&lt;/em&gt; with each other, while in audiobook a narrator just read exactly what was written in a book (often in language which is very far from colloquial). But it would be more difficult to find exact text version of play if it is adapted from a novel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, as I said in comment, there is nothing wrong to slow a play down a bit if it is still too fast for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Look, for example, at Borys Karlov’s collection &lt;a href=&quot;http://sheba.spb.ru/radio.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[part I]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://mp3-kniga.ru/rds.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[part II]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://mp3-kniga.ru/rds2.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[part III]&lt;/a&gt; for selected few or at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.staroeradio.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;“Старое радио”&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; for more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shows for kids may help if you have small vocabulary not if you have difficulty in comprehension. If children take part in show it make things even worse – child accent is quite peculiar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for general tips – there is nothing language-specific in your question. So if you have not found in the Internet any advice on comprehension of Russian, why don’t you google around how to improve listening skills in any language (English maybe) – links will be useless but learning techniques will be the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-06-16T15:55:20.713" LastActivityDate="2014-06-16T15:55:20.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6742" CreationDate="2014-06-16T16:21:56.943" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can tell you as an American in your predicament not long ago, that I really benefitted from the tons of dialogs on the (free) site, learnrussian.rt.com for several reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;they speak at a very normal and natural conversational speed. Slow, word-for-word, unnatural Russian never got me anywhere;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the conversations aren't translated into English - so you won't be distracted by looking at English text while listening to good Russian;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the conversations are only partly written out in Russian and you have to listen carefully and supply the missing words - GREAT TRAINING! This is the part that really helped me start to pick out individual words in actual speech;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are a bunch of other exercises that are both fun and reinforce grammar, vocabulary, etc. and you can get a free account and track your progress, which is a great boost as you work through it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recommend that you start from Lesson 1 (there are actually 100 audio-packed lessons!) to let your ear get accustomed to the three or four speakers. By the time you get to Lesson 5, you won't believe how much you understand, not only on the site, but in movies, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an added reinforcement to your study, once you're familiar with a conversation, go back and shadow the speakers with a slight delay. &quot;shadowing&quot; is best done with earphones, walking around, and really works. (Find out about shadowing &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mezzoguild.com/language-shadowing-a-superior-learning-method/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another resource which has proved invaluable to me, especially for listening comprehension, is the podcast &lt;a href=&quot;https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/native-speaker-russian-language/id840066142?mt=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Native Speaker - Russian Language&quot;&lt;/a&gt; in which the host, Ilya, presents expressions that have a literal meaning and a figurative meaning. However, the best thing about the podcast is that he uses a very understandable language and speaks at a normal conversational speed, since he records the podcasts in his car on the way to work, unscripted :) His is also a great resource to shadow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-06-23T01:50:58.213" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T01:50:58.213" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6739" CreationDate="2014-06-16T16:30:57.163" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason behind the inversion in your second example is that &lt;em&gt;нужна&lt;/em&gt; is not a verb (&lt;em&gt;need&lt;/em&gt;). It is a modal predicative construction similar to adjective. So, in English it would be close to &lt;em&gt;a book is necessary to me&lt;/em&gt;. And &lt;em&gt;to me&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;мне&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In practice you need to know these constructions by heart, but I guess identifying the parts of speech would help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2014-06-17T11:04:29.920" LastActivityDate="2014-06-17T11:04:29.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6739" CreationDate="2014-06-17T02:26:59.567" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The trick here is to note what the subject of the sentence is. In &lt;code&gt;Мне нужна книга&lt;/code&gt; the subject is, actually, &lt;code&gt;книга&lt;/code&gt;. Hence, &lt;code&gt;книга&lt;/code&gt; is in the nominative case, and &lt;code&gt;мне&lt;/code&gt; is in the dative case. The subject is the thing that is necessary, and not the person to whom it is necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian you see such forms quite often.  Consider this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нравится эта книга.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I like this book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same idea: in the Russian sentence the book is the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-06-18T14:17:21.140" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6742" CreationDate="2014-06-17T08:16:30.713" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you can use the method I practiced long ago when studying English. I took a bunch of songs of my favorite genre (rock) and found lyrics for all of them. Then read them carefully to understand the text and to remember it. Then I start to listen music and lyrics many times practicing my comprehension (knowing what words are to be heard) and, later, my pronunciation (singing, copying the vocalist). It's easy to take a practice while driving a car and it's a fun way to study the language. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3979" LastActivityDate="2014-06-17T08:16:30.713" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6754" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6755" CreationDate="2014-06-17T13:36:07.003" Score="10" ViewCount="1743" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can спешить replace торопиться in this sentence, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“на вашем месте я не &lt;strong&gt;торопился&lt;/strong&gt; бы критиковать все направо и налево…”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-08-07T22:46:15.197" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T21:59:30.197" Title="Is there any difference between торопиться и спешить?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6754" CreationDate="2014-06-17T13:48:26.787" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Спешить&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;торопиться&lt;/em&gt; are synonyms and there's no real difference in their meaning.  I'm struggling to come up with an example where it would be appropriate to use one word but not the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, in the sentence you provided, you could substitute &lt;em&gt;спешить&lt;/em&gt; for &lt;em&gt;торопиться&lt;/em&gt; without any change in the meaning, not even the slightest:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“на вашем месте я не торопился бы критиковать все направо и налево…”&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  “на вашем месте я не спешил бы критиковать все направо и налево…”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt; you can see in the synonyms dictionary that &lt;em&gt;торопиться&lt;/em&gt; is the first word listed for &lt;em&gt;спешить&lt;/em&gt;: http://словарь-синонимов.рф/words/спешить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit 2:&lt;/strong&gt; @DmitryAlexandrov brought up a very good example where these words are not interchangeable, but generally they totally are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-06-17T14:05:00.533" LastActivityDate="2014-06-17T14:05:00.533" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6754" CreationDate="2014-06-17T14:00:35.837" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the general case the only pattern, that came into my mind, when you can not interchange &lt;em&gt;спеши́ть&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;торопи́ться&lt;/em&gt; is a talking about a gaining clock:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Часы спешат на пять минут [&lt;em&gt;The watch is five minutes fast&lt;/em&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but extremly rare &lt;em&gt;часы торопятся&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastActivityDate="2014-06-17T14:00:35.837" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6758" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6760" CreationDate="2014-06-18T11:46:03.800" Score="2" ViewCount="7651" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example when you go to get new job, you will be given a &quot;тестовое задание&quot;. How to translate this combination of words into English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3985" LastActivityDate="2014-06-18T14:48:08.360" Title="How correctly traslate into English &quot;тестовое задание&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2014-06-18T21:01:13.270" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6758" CreationDate="2014-06-18T11:50:11.480" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate &lt;strong&gt;&quot;тестовое задание&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;an aptitude test (for job applicants)&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-06-18T11:50:11.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6758" CreationDate="2014-06-18T12:35:48.277" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This type of question is definitely off-topic on this site.  However to help you out, the right translation is &lt;em&gt;test assignment&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;trial assignment&lt;/em&gt;. I work as a manager in the software development organisation in England.  When I look for new people, part of the selection process is &lt;em&gt;technical test&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once a candidate is hired, they will typically be given some &lt;em&gt;test assignments&lt;/em&gt; (in my previous job we called them &lt;em&gt;trial assignments&lt;/em&gt;) to confirm that they can really do the work expected of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2014-06-18T12:35:48.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6758" CreationDate="2014-06-18T14:48:08.360" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;We call it just 'test task', esp for IT-related positions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="88" LastActivityDate="2014-06-18T14:48:08.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5656" CreationDate="2014-06-18T16:56:14.710" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you do not mean romance, then it is better to say &quot;подходят друг другу&quot;, though wider context could give a better understanding&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3988" LastActivityDate="2014-06-18T16:56:14.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6754" CreationDate="2014-06-18T16:58:16.713" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To my mind only idiomatic use can show any difference, for instance, you can say &quot;поспешишь, людей насмешишь&quot; - and there is no other way to put it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3988" LastActivityDate="2014-06-18T16:58:16.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6764" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6754" CreationDate="2014-06-18T20:50:17.280" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is some difference in imperative mood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Торопись!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Means drive, urge on yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Спеши!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not really used. If used, I would understand it as &quot;be hurry in panic&quot;. I hardly can imagine where such meaning would be appropriate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In plural it may be used in advertising of a performance &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Спешите посмотреть новое представление!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Be hurry in panic to see the new performance because it is very interesting (one can instantly imagine crowds storming the circus or the theater, which is possibly the organizers agitate for). This usage is somewhat outdated I think, at least I encountered it only in books.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Торопитесь посмотреть новое представление!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This just means that you can be too late to see the performance because it will be ceased being shown in a few days. You are not agitated to run to the theater, losing your bags and spectacles on the way, you just reminded so that you possibly better to review your plans accordingly and postpone other deals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-11-16T23:27:22.090" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T23:27:22.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6765" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6754" CreationDate="2014-06-19T05:52:27.970" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just a side note - there is a saying: &quot;Торопись, не спеша&quot;, - which means &quot;Hurry up without hustle&quot; - so try to do things faster, but do not mess them up by doing so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3992" LastActivityDate="2014-06-19T05:52:27.970" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6768" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6769" CreationDate="2014-06-20T20:46:04.140" Score="4" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;часы (a clock) - часовой (e.g &quot;часовой магазин&quot; - clock shop)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;час (an hour) - also часовой (e.g. &quot;часовой пояс&quot; - time zone)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вес (weight) - весовой (e.g. &quot;весовая категория&quot; - weight class)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;весы (scales) - ?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it also &quot;весовой&quot;? It sound a bit strange. But the phrase &quot;&lt;code&gt;весовое оборудование&lt;/code&gt; - weighting equipment&quot; googles...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;LANG=ru&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как образовать прилагательное от &quot;весы&quot;? &quot;весовой&quot;, как с часами и часом? Не звучит (но гуглится)...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1266" LastActivityDate="2014-06-20T21:59:54.303" Title="How to make an adjective from &quot;весы&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6768" CreationDate="2014-06-20T21:45:25.767" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Да, &lt;em&gt;весово́й&lt;/em&gt;. Никакого другого прилагательного вы не образуете, за исключением случая, когда  &lt;em&gt;весы&lt;/em&gt; — это кто-то одушевленный, например, человек соответствующего знака зодиака. Тогда, вероятно, возможно образование притяжательного &lt;em&gt;весо́вий&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В чем, собственно, проблема? Что вы хотите выразить при помощи «прилагательного от слова „весы“», что оно у вас «не звучит»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P. S. Если вам нужны цитаты из словарей, то держите, (выделение везде мое):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;весовой&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;прил.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  1) Соотносящийся по знач. с сущ.: вес (1), связанный с ним.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2) Свойственный весу (1), характерный для него.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  3) &lt;em&gt;разг.&lt;/em&gt; Продаваемый и покупаемый на вес; развесной.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  4) Соотносящийся по знач. с сущ.: &lt;strong&gt;весы&lt;/strong&gt;, связанный с ним.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— словарь Ефремовой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;весовой&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  1. &lt;em&gt;см.&lt;/em&gt; вес и &lt;strong&gt;весы&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2. Отпускаемый, продаваемый на вес, не поштучно. В. товар. В. хлеб.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— словарь Ожегова—Шведовой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;весовой&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  1. см. Вес.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2. см. &lt;strong&gt;Весы&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— «Большой толковый словарь» Кузнецова&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;весовой&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  1. прил. к &lt;strong&gt;весы&lt;/strong&gt;. Весовая гиря, стрелка.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2. Продаваемый на вес, а не поштучно (&lt;em&gt;спец.&lt;/em&gt;). Весовой товар. Весовой хлеб.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— словарь Ушакова и вовсе удивляет отсутствием ссылки на &lt;em&gt;вес&lt;/em&gt;, только на &lt;em&gt;весы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-06-20T21:59:54.303" LastActivityDate="2014-06-20T21:59:54.303" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6770" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6771" CreationDate="2014-06-20T22:20:00.250" Score="9" ViewCount="1842" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes I see &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; written instead of &lt;code&gt;ë&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this actually a common occurence in written Russian, or an acceptable version of the word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, even Google Translate will not use the diacritical character.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3995" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-08T08:26:04.813" LastActivityDate="2016-03-31T20:23:09.333" Title="Using written е instead of ë" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;буква-ё&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6770" CreationDate="2014-06-20T22:52:53.467" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is perfectly acceptable in modern Russian and you will rarely find any materials with consistently spelt Ё. The letter Ё has a difficult history: it was never really obligatory. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I prefer to always type it explicitly. But according to modern orthography it is completely acceptable to write &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; instead, except in foreign words, names which can be read incorrectly and other cases where the omission would lead to ambiguity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only problem is that people are lazy and omit it just everywhere, even when the omission leaves a reader guessing from context what you exactly mean — which stems from the fact that there are very few cases in the language where Ё is the only way to distinguish two words or word forms. So people just rely on your ability to figure out the meaning from the context. Does not help with the names, though (Соловьев/Соловьёв, Алехин, Хрущёв, Горбачёв) and rare words that speakers started to mispronounce (афера, свёкла, блёклый).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There has been a movement in support of Ё in recent years, and I kind of support the ideas that there is no real reason now to not show the difference (there aren't any keyboards that don't let you).. But, just like with the attempts of making English spelling system less ..er.. outdated (but reflecting the pronunciation of 15-16 century should make you proud :)) — I do not believe it is actually going to happen anytime soon. Just like with English spelling, people just get used to the words they see and use, and then you may spell them with or without proper Ё's — it does not matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The letter itself is a relatively recent innovation: Old East Slavic, the direct ancestor of Russian, used the sound [e] instead. There was no need for Ё. But then, curiously, around 13-14 century stressed ['э] became ['o] and [йэ] became [йо] after a soft consonant (but not before another 'soft' consonant!) This was long considered &quot;improper&quot; pronunciation (and not all dialects were affected), and &quot;е&quot; still was used in poetry as far as in 19 century but the more or less modern Russian, as you might guess is based on accent that has Ё.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Why does Russian have words like &quot;лес&quot; where stressed Е did not become Ё? The reason is, there used to be &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D1%A2&quot;&gt;another e-like sound&lt;/a&gt; [ѣ] in Russian which had long merged with the sound of letter &quot;е&quot; by 19 century (and especially by the end of 19 century) in the vast majority of dialects. It was horrible: schoolchildren had to memorise long mnemonic poems made up of words where you should spell the sound with [ѣ] (&quot;Бѣдный блѣдный сѣрый бѣсъ убѣжалъ голодный въ лѣсъ…&quot; as it was spelled back then). So the spelling reform was suggested (had been suggested since the end of the 19 century), and, well, after the revolution of 1917 the Bolsheviks just accepted the project along with many other much more radical things :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-06-24T20:53:43.390" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T20:53:43.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6772" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6773" CreationDate="2014-06-21T12:53:30.837" Score="1" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the correct verb for this sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она заставила себя закрыть глаза и &lt;strong&gt;думать&lt;/strong&gt; о чём-нибудь приятном.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она заставила себя закрыть глаза и &lt;strong&gt;задуматься&lt;/strong&gt; о чём-нибудь приятном.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea is to close one's eyes and start thinking of something pleasant when one has trouble falling asleep. Are both or either of these possible? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-21T15:41:00.303" Title="думать or задуматься?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6773" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6772" CreationDate="2014-06-21T13:45:39.103" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;задуматься&quot; is not quite the word here. It means &quot;to think deeply about something&quot;, &quot;to reflect on&quot; (also, to be lost in thought: &quot;он задумался и не заметил, как кончился обед&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would use &quot;думать&quot; or perfective &quot;подумать&quot;. &quot;Думать&quot; works here. Here it would be automatically interpreted as &quot;made herself to &lt;em&gt;start&lt;/em&gt; thinking about something good&quot; (make oneself to &quot;be thinking&quot; doesn't sound good to me).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the last part of the sentence you can also just say &quot;... думать о приятном&quot; or even &quot;не думать о плохом&quot; (&quot;to not think about bad things&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-06-21T13:45:39.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6772" CreationDate="2014-06-21T15:41:00.303" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, both are possible. However, &lt;strong&gt;думать&lt;/strong&gt; is much better here in terms of modern colloquial Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two actions - close (&lt;em&gt;закрыть&lt;/em&gt;) and think (&lt;em&gt;думать&lt;/em&gt;). Both words end with the suffix &lt;strong&gt;ть&lt;/strong&gt;, so it will be correct to use one form of words (infinitive) in the sentence in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you use &lt;strong&gt;задуматься&lt;/strong&gt;, it sounds like &quot;She forced herself to close her eyes and think deeply about pleasant things&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я заставлю себя сесть за стол и &lt;em&gt;делать&lt;/em&gt; уроки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Делать&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я заставлю себя сесть за стол и &lt;em&gt;заняться&lt;/em&gt; уроками&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Заняться&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;start doing something&lt;/em&gt;. So it sounds like &quot;I force myself to sit down and start doing homework&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3996" LastActivityDate="2014-06-21T15:41:00.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6735" CreationDate="2014-06-21T16:17:12.907" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the context, &lt;strong&gt;изюминка&lt;/strong&gt; (raisin) means that &lt;strong&gt;thing/person/something&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;special/unique&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;In relation to people, it means that a person has a unique property.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;For example, &lt;code&gt;в тебе нет никакой изюминки&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;you have nothing special&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;you are an ordinary person&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, use of certain words makes the phrase special, more beautiful, unusual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3996" LastActivityDate="2014-06-21T16:17:12.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6776" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6777" CreationDate="2014-06-21T17:56:04.863" Score="3" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;p&gt;The English adverb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;in fact&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; has two meanings, at least in my variety of American English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;indeed&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I can assure you that this is &lt;strong&gt;in fact&lt;/strong&gt; the man I saw coming out of your&#xA;  office yesterday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;moreover, what's more&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Claudia loves to play golf. In fact, she moved to Florida so she could&#xA;  play every day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the Russian word &lt;strong&gt;фактически&lt;/strong&gt; also express either or both these nuances, or does it mean something completely different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-21T18:25:27.937" LastActivityDate="2014-06-21T18:40:42.493" Title="Interpretations of &quot;in fact&quot; vis-à-vis Russian фактически" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6776" CreationDate="2014-06-21T18:40:42.493" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate &lt;strong&gt;&quot;фактически&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;in reality&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. In the colloquial speech it is used with the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;&quot;almost, nearly&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он работает преподавателем, но фактически руководит кафедрой.&#xA;He works as a teacher, but in reality he runs the department.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Операция была фактически завершена.&#xA;The operation was almost finished.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would translate your examples like that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я могу вас заверить, что это &lt;strong&gt;действительно (в самом деле)&lt;/strong&gt; тот мужчина - я видел, как он выходил из твоего офиса вчера.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Клаудия любит играть в гольф, &lt;strong&gt;более того&lt;/strong&gt;, она переехала во Флориду, чтобы играть каждый день.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Клаудия так любит играть в гольф, что она &lt;strong&gt;даже&lt;/strong&gt; переехала во Флориду, чтобы играть каждый день.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-06-21T18:40:42.493" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5642" CreationDate="2014-06-22T09:54:40.317" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ещё можно сказать:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Засечка, как Робинзон Крузо ставил засечки, сколько лет он прожил на острове.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;точка отсчёта&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Или просто &lt;code&gt;дата&lt;/code&gt;. timestamp - это ни что иное, как дата, дата времени.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3998" LastActivityDate="2014-06-22T09:54:40.317" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4622" CreationDate="2014-06-22T09:57:14.683" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в наши дни&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дословный и самый верный перевод.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3998" LastActivityDate="2014-06-22T09:57:14.683" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4602" CreationDate="2014-06-22T12:58:28.240" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try these from the Russian Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA:Schwallex/%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Участник:Schwallex/частота&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Приложение:Рейтинги частотности слов&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditDate="2020-12-28T14:57:58.153" LastActivityDate="2020-12-28T14:57:58.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="6783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2304" CreationDate="2014-06-22T15:53:56.297" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In those sentences &quot;и&quot; means &quot;even&quot;, it's used for making the sentences sound stronger or convey the ideas stronger, deeper. It can be omitted but the original meaning will be lost as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4000" LastActivityDate="2014-06-22T15:53:56.297" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6785" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-22T16:50:51.190" Score="2" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;¿Does &lt;strong&gt;нечто вроде паука&lt;/strong&gt; mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;something like a spider&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;some kind of spider&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or can it mean both?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-22T17:25:11.923" Title="Meaning of нечто вроде" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6786" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-22T17:17:05.183" Score="2" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes computer game may contain main part and several extra things/possibilities for player. So there is a difference between &quot;I've finished that game&quot; and &quot;I've completely cleared/beat that game&quot;. Second one implies that you have finished all extra quests, gathered all items etc (depends on game). I know 2 such expression:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Completely cleared/beat game. As explained above, to say this you should complete all quests, collect all items, get all gold medals etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1CC (one-credit-clear). That means you have finished game without continuing at all (or using just one live).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian &quot;пройти игру&quot; и &quot;полностью пройти игру&quot; still stands for simple completing of the game. Is there any short expression analogue for complete game clearing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="86" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T14:01:58.307" Title="Russian analogue of &quot;completely cleared computer game&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6785" CreationDate="2014-06-22T17:25:11.923" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нечто вроде паука.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That phrase means &quot;something like a spider&quot;. It implies that you are not sure that it is a spider but it resembles you spider (by color, shape, abilities etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Некий/какой-то вид паука.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;some kind of spider&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="86" LastActivityDate="2014-06-22T17:25:11.923" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6788" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7132" CreationDate="2014-06-22T19:41:07.147" Score="2" ViewCount="311" Body="&lt;p&gt;The way I see it, the English adverbial &quot;at least&quot; has two interpretations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Used with numbers to express a minimum:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The temperature has to reach &lt;strong&gt;at least&lt;/strong&gt; 98° before we'll turn on the air-conditioning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;At least&lt;/strong&gt; three people have told me the same thing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Used to express situations one is thankful for in contrast to the alternative; &quot;you can be glad that...&quot;; thank God:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;At least&lt;/strong&gt; your children aren't in jail. (=like mine are)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The elevator's broken, so we have to take the stairs. &lt;strong&gt;At least&lt;/strong&gt; it's only four floors. (=and not twenty!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does Russian &lt;strong&gt;по крайней мере&lt;/strong&gt; also cover the second usage, or just the first? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anything else I should know about it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-12-16T09:33:13.480" LastActivityDate="2014-12-16T09:33:13.480" Title="Interpretations of &quot;at least&quot; vis-à-vis Russian &quot;по крайней мере&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6788" CreationDate="2014-06-22T21:59:16.767" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First usage = &quot;как минимум&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second usage = &quot;по крайней мере&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-06-22T21:59:16.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6790" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6786" CreationDate="2014-06-23T06:30:52.913" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Закончил игр*ать* would mean finish the game (finished playing, to be precise)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Закончил игр*у* means cleared the game not necessarily beat the game; could be lost as well).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1604" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T06:30:52.913" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6786" CreationDate="2014-06-23T06:49:32.540" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several cases: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;100% прохождение&quot; for in-game messages and most of official translations&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;полное прохождение&quot; for walkthrough articles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all cases &lt;em&gt;complete&lt;/em&gt; better to specify explicitly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3893" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T06:49:32.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6792" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6797" CreationDate="2014-06-23T07:23:37.160" Score="2" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are synonymous expressions for &lt;code&gt;типо того&lt;/code&gt; (or is it &lt;em&gt;тип&lt;b&gt;а&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;) ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-23T16:05:57.983" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T11:42:41.010" Title="Synonyms for &quot;типа того&quot;" Tags="&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6792" CreationDate="2014-06-23T08:06:14.423" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;типа того&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, literally 'of this sort'. And it translates almost the same way in English: 'kind of', 'sort of'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты что, надумал покидать компанию?! What, are you thinking of leaving the company?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну, типа того... Well, kind of...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase usually bears a hint of speaker holding something behind or a degree of uncertainty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="899" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T08:06:14.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6794" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6792" CreationDate="2014-06-23T11:54:39.147" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;вроде (вроде бы , вроде как);&#xA;похоже (похоже на то);&#xA;может быть (все может быть);&#xA;возможно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3498" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T11:54:39.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6795" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6796" CreationDate="2014-06-23T14:33:22.050" Score="3" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference in usage of материальная точка and точечная частица? Is the first meant to be merely a simplified model (say, in classical mechanics or relativity) while the second is only for literal point particles? Are they synonymous? Is the second a more recent term?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feel free to add further tags to the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T15:30:48.613" Title="материальная точка и точечная частица" Tags="&lt;физика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6796" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6795" CreationDate="2014-06-23T14:57:03.240" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Материальная точка&quot; is a fixed term from &lt;strong&gt;Mechanics&lt;/strong&gt;. Think of material particle/rigid body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Точечная частица&quot; is not that important an expression, it is just literally &lt;em&gt;&quot;a particle which is a point: its spacial dimensions are negligible and are considered zero&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. And here's the trick: right now we use &quot;particle&quot; as a concept in a more recent fields of physics than just mechanics. You can an electron &quot;an infinitesmall particle&quot; but calling it a &lt;strong&gt;материальная точка&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;material particle&quot; will immediately signal that you are viewing an atom strictly as a classical system. That is, from a mechanical point of view.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-06-23T15:30:48.613" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T15:30:48.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6792" CreationDate="2014-06-23T19:14:40.080" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;где-то так, навроде того (colloquial)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When we're speaking about something measurable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;примерно, приблизительно, около, плюс-минус&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact we have really a lot of such 'terms'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="88" LastActivityDate="2014-06-23T19:14:40.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6799" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6792" CreationDate="2014-06-24T05:58:07.557" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Что-то вроде того&lt;/strong&gt; could be used as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4005" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T05:58:07.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6801" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6803" CreationDate="2014-06-24T11:22:37.467" Score="3" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;Прочитал в &lt;a href=&quot;http://tvrain.ru/articles/putin_poprosil_sovet_federatsii_otmenit_postanovlenie_ob_ispolzovanii_armii_v_ukraine-370525/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;статье&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Путин направил соответствующее письмо спикер верхней палаты Валентине Матвиенко перед отлетом в Вену...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сначала был уверен, что опечатка. Потом подумал, может новое правило или тенденция есть, что &#xA;названия должностей/профессий, которые можно употреблять по отношению к обоим полам и которые обычно относят ко второму склонению, можно не склонять в случае их употребления по отношению к женскому полу (по аналогии с несклоняемыми женскими именами, оканчивающимися на согласную).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Итак, это опечатка (должно было быть &lt;em&gt;спикеру&lt;/em&gt;) или так тоже можно теперь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="104" LastEditDate="2014-06-24T11:29:31.510" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T14:03:00.777" Title="Если слово спикер употреблено по отношению к женщине, его можно не склонять?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6792" CreationDate="2014-06-24T11:42:41.010" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The synonyms of &quot;типа+Genitive&quot; (used mostly in colloquial speech) are &lt;strong&gt;&quot;вроде+Genitive&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (used both in colloquial speech and in written speech, but it is more formal than &quot;типа&quot;) and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;наподобие+Genitive&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (used mostly in written speech, quite formal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он правда это сказал?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Да, что то типа того (Что-то вроде того, что-то наподобие того).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T11:42:41.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6801" CreationDate="2014-06-24T11:43:59.730" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Добрый день, Армен!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно сказать только «спи́кер&lt;b&gt;у&lt;/b&gt;», это безусловно опечатка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-06-24T14:03:00.777" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T14:03:00.777" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6786" CreationDate="2014-06-24T14:01:58.307" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;no equal translation in official russian.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;however it is possible to hear something like this:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;-- Ты вчера играл в &quot;game&quot;, как прошел ?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;-- Вычистил все.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T14:01:58.307" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6805" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6770" CreationDate="2014-06-24T14:41:45.797" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;usage of [je] everywhere, i guess was enforced by some church regulations. by resemblance with swears, may be? much of russian swears have [jo]/[je] as their most recognisable part.&#xA;and perspective representatives are tend to use it almost everywhere, strange to hear sometimes some words said - братья и сестры[sestrɨ], instead of - братья и сёстры.&#xA;that is a complete guess however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T14:41:45.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6740" CreationDate="2014-06-24T16:24:59.243" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я прочла дискуссию о &quot;коль скоро&quot;. У меня есть своё мнение. Для меня является безусловным (unconditionally accepted fact), что только для хорошо образованного человека употребление этого выражения не может являться проблемой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T16:24:59.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6699" CreationDate="2014-06-24T16:36:30.053" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Только я почти никогда его не использую. Разве что против особо ''поехавших'' в качестве тяжелой артиллерии :D&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I almost never use it. Except against especially &lt;em&gt;_&lt;/em&gt; people, by way of heavy artillery.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I almost never use it. Except against people that are naturally have gone far (crazy), in the way that i use heavy artillery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T16:36:30.053" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1704" CreationDate="2014-06-24T16:48:18.943" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я тут паре типов своих показал его. Они выпали с аппарата.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I let the guys check that thing out. They said it was sick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2014-10-28T04:37:23.867" LastActivityDate="2014-10-28T04:37:23.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1704" CreationDate="2014-06-24T17:09:27.807" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like to add a bit to Aleks G words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Выпали с аппарата&lt;/code&gt; I consider as &lt;code&gt;they were impressed much by the rifle&lt;/code&gt;. Here &lt;code&gt;c&lt;/code&gt; stands for &lt;code&gt;из того, что собой представляет&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;от вида (механизма)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please nothe that the first person boasted of the rifle, so I expect there really is something impressive, and the impression is stressed by the word &lt;code&gt;Выпали&lt;/code&gt; which is quite rarely used alone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="88" LastEditorUserId="88" LastEditDate="2014-06-24T20:01:52.077" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T20:01:52.077" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6810" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-24T17:17:38.860" Score="2" ViewCount="189" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would someone be willing to explain the meaning of the song to me? I can understand each word, but the sentences dont make any sense to me.&#xA;There seems to be so much idiom, there must be much more meaning in the song than I get just from translating it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this is not inappropriate to ask, but the song really interests me. Its a great song.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3995" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T18:30:33.437" Title="вою на луну - значение" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6810" CreationDate="2014-06-24T17:27:26.067" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Infact, it is an idiom. The expression is &lt;strong&gt;&quot;выть на луну́&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; which means &lt;strong&gt;&quot;to be extremely sad, depressed&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;to despair deeply&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&quot;to miss someone or something too much&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. Its literal translation is &quot;to howl at the moon&quot;, that is what wolves and dogs do at night. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="267" LastEditDate="2014-06-24T18:30:33.437" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T18:30:33.437" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6813" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5642" CreationDate="2014-06-24T20:58:42.017" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Можно еще перевести как &quot;момент времени&quot;. Заимствование 'таймстамп' выглядит очень коряво и скорее всего вы будете не поняты за пределами it-сообщества или людей, знающих английский.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1714" LastActivityDate="2014-06-24T20:58:42.017" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6814" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6815" CreationDate="2014-06-25T08:07:08.217" Score="4" ViewCount="493" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the context of useage and the meaning of the phrase «ход конём»? Where does it come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T19:57:47.123" Title="What does «ход конём» («horse move»/«move with a horse») mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6814" CreationDate="2014-06-25T08:07:08.217" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase is used to signify something that is unexpected but valid for a situation, something that displays cunning and originality. Potentially something which can surprise adversaries or competitors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When used as a verb it more often is written as «сделать ход конём» («to make a move with a horse») rather than «пойти конём» («to move the horse»).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сделав ход конём Билл Гейтс, тесно работая со Стивом Джобсом, написал собственную графическую операционную систему и начал распространять её.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вместо коммерческого сайта я создал бесплатный сервис, это был ход конём, так как теперь его невозможно обанкротить.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best translation to English language is «knight's gambit».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase relates to the fact that in chess moves (especially opening moves) with a knight are very unexpected due to the fact that it is the only move with one piece potentially jumping over any other pieces¹.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phraseologism has nothing in common with the proverb «Сено к лошади не ходит» («Hay doesn't go to a horse»), which relates to the animal and not the chess piece, and refers to the need to act with the situation rather than demanding that the world suits oneʼs desires.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In military this phrase is sometimes used to mean a maneuver that leads to oneʼs forces performing the sergical strike behind the enemy line or in some way going around the fighting zone to reach their intended destination. One such operation of World War II has become known as операция «Ход Конём» (operation «Knightʼs Gambit» (English); Operation Rösselsprung (German)), it was a failed operation of Waffen-SS to assassinate Josip Broz Tito in Yugoslavia; the goal was to destabilise the government.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;¹ With castling the king also jumps over another piece, the rook, but it can only be done once, and neither king nor rook are able to jump over any piece of the opponent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-05-31T14:10:30.673" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T14:10:30.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="6816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="934" CreationDate="2014-06-25T10:46:27.603" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add something to other answers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also one can say «пока чайник закипал». For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Женя ждал, пока чайник закипал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the sentence, although looking similar, is significantly restructured. It is a complex sentence and it no links the waiting to the boiling of the kettle in any way, apart from the synchronisity. We do not know what is being waited for, we have no guarantee that the waiting will stop after the kettle boils.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T10:46:27.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="147" CreationDate="2014-06-25T12:24:46.623" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the sphere of IT the direct imporation of this word is also used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Приватность в интернете&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Настройки приватности&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T12:24:46.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="147" CreationDate="2014-06-25T13:00:47.977" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Additionally, you should read this article: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Персональные_данные&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How would you translate privacy into Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Приватность&quot;. The IT sphere is the first in line of borrowing of words from another languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4015" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T13:00:47.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1824" CreationDate="2014-06-25T14:06:42.457" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Похоже все-таки у выражения есть украинские корни. В &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%EF%E5%F0%E5%E1%EE%F0%F9%E8%F2%FC&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Национальном корпусе&lt;/a&gt; нашелся такой пример:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;― Вы мою просьбу переборщили, Карло Осипович. Я просил вас рекомендовать для детей наших учителя только не бойкого, а вы привезли какого-то дида. [Т. Г. Шевченко. Близнецы (1855)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это самый первый пример употребления этого выражения. Автор &quot;Близнецов&quot; - Тарас Шевченко - классик украинской литературы и скорее всего он отразил реально бытовавшее в то время на Украине выражение. Следующий случай употребления относится к 1900 году, так что конкурентов у Шевченко не наблюдается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сама цитата содержит несколько украинских &quot;акцентов&quot;: &quot;дид&quot; - украинская версия слова &quot;дед&quot;. &quot;Карло Осипович&quot; - пример украинского звательного падежа, причем Осип - распространенное в те времена украинское имя, производное от библейского Иосиф.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Интересен график употребления этого слова по годам. Первый пик - это цитата из Шевченко, потом затишье до 1900. После 1900 и до 1917 зафиксировано 6 употреблений.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EjNGg.png&quot; alt=&quot;Распределение &amp;quot;переборщить&amp;quot; по годам&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T14:06:42.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6822" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-25T14:27:10.970" Score="10" ViewCount="1793" Body="&lt;p&gt;There were people singning the word ХУЙЛО in the streets, but what does it mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4016" LastEditorUserId="5582" LastEditDate="2015-07-21T14:33:34.460" LastActivityDate="2015-07-21T14:33:34.460" Title="what does this obscene word mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1787" CreationDate="2014-06-25T14:38:14.573" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Хотя &quot;колготки&quot; имеют больше сторонников в академических кругах, &quot;колготы&quot; не должны отчаиваться. Возникновение страшных &quot;ботин&quot; и &quot;перчат&quot; уже много раз увенчивалось успехом и образованные таким образом слова прочно входили в литературный язык.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Такова история слов &quot;зонт&quot; и &quot;фляга&quot;. Зонт пришел в русский язык как &quot;зонтик&quot; (нем. sonnetag), фляга как &quot;фляшка&quot; (польск.). Со временем окончания этих слов были переосмыслены как уменьшительные суффиксы и были созданы несуществовавшие &quot;фляга&quot; и &quot;зонт&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кстати о &quot;сосулях&quot;. Поищите в Национальном корпусе сосули - будете удивлены. Примеров не много, но когда-то их употребляли Набоков, Горький и Андрей Белый в обычном, не комическом смысле. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот Набоков:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Песком, будто рыжей корицей, усыпан был ледок, облепивший ступени крыльца, а с выступа крыши, остриями вниз, свисали толстые сосули, сквозящие зеленоватой синевой. [В. В. Набоков. Рождество (1925)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Максим Горький:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Уже была пятница страстной недели, а капель к ночи намерзала синими сосулями в пол-аршина длиною; лед на реке, оголенной от снега, тоже был синеватый, как зимние облака. [Максим Горький. Ледоход (1912-1915)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T14:38:14.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6822" CreationDate="2014-06-25T14:43:04.037" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Something similar to dickhead, but with way more negative connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4017" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T14:43:04.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6822" CreationDate="2014-06-25T16:41:02.477" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Similar to moron, part of filthy language, with root of word &lt;code&gt;хуй&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4015" LastActivityDate="2014-06-25T16:41:02.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6826" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6827" CreationDate="2014-06-26T07:26:03.507" Score="26" ViewCount="7911" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had been talking with my Russian friend which used such words like &quot;ебало&quot;, &quot;ебаться&quot; and &quot;ебнутый&quot;. As I understood, this words have completely difference meaning. It is very curious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2387" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T09:46:49.900" LastActivityDate="2019-08-29T16:13:32.447" Title="Why does &quot;ебало&quot; mean a face and &quot;ебаться&quot; mean to fuck?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6826" CreationDate="2014-06-26T08:11:02.673" Score="33" Body="&lt;p&gt;Original meaning of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;еба́ть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is to fuck. This root comes from Proto-Indo-European language where it had the same meaning (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;o̯i̯ebhoa̯&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; “I fuck”).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The root later acquired some developments into the meaning “to beat”, (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;въеба́ть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;вы́ебать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, means to beat somebody), possibly either because it is common to beat somebody into the reproductive organs or because fuck is associated with rape.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further, еба́ло means a place where you can въеба́ть, i.e. beat. Since it is common to beat into the face, the word become to mean “a face that looks suitable to be beaten”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ёбнутый&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ебану́тый&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; means somebody hit so hard that his consciousness is damaged. That is mad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other words with the same root include &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;наеба́ть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — to trick, cheat somebody;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;отъеба́ться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — to leave alone, leave in peace somebody;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;заеба́ть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — to annoy somebody out;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;еба́шить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — to blindly beat, blindly shoot at a place or object (in military sence), also do something without a break, also go, move blindly;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;съеба́ть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;съеба́ться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — to flee;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;проеба́ть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — to lose something, for example, money, thing, opportunity;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;подъеба́ть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — to joke on somebody unpleasantly, provoke;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;подъёбка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — unfriendly joke, provocation;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;доёбываться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — to importune, to pester;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;выёбываться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — to epater, to show off, to strive to attract public attention with weird actions, to behave in an affected manner;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;довыёбываться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — to finish badly due to own strive to show off;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;заеби́сь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — well;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;заебо́н&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — quirk, idiosyncrasy, kink; also a good thing;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;недоёб&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — weird, aggressive, often misandric behavior of a woman due to the lack of sexual life.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T18:01:14.043" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T18:01:14.043" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6829" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-06-26T12:10:53.717" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Онома́стика, ономатология (от др.-греч. ὀνομαστική — наука, изучающая имена собственные всех типов и их происхождение) — раздел лингвистики, изучающий собственные имена, историю их возникновения и преобразования в результате длительного употребления в языке-источнике или в связи с заимствованием у других языков общения. В более узком смысле ономастика — собственные имена различных типов (ономастическая лексика).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:27:03.007" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T12:27:03.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6830" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-06-26T12:10:53.717" Score="0" Body="Онома́стика — наука, изучающая имена собственные всех типов и их происхождение." OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T12:27:03.007" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T12:27:03.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6826" CreationDate="2014-06-26T12:21:48.537" Score="24" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a Russian word &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;хлеба́ло&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; wich is a vulgar way to say “mouth”. It is derived from the verb &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;хлеба́ть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, “to eat liquid food with a spoon; to drink”, this verb is colloquial and stylistically neutral. &lt;strong&gt;Xлеба́ло&lt;/strong&gt; is formed by the non-productive suffix &lt;strong&gt;-л-&lt;/strong&gt; which is used to form the names of instruments:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;сиде́ть (to sit) — седло́ (saddle)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   дыша́ть (to breathe) — ды́хало, дыха́ло (blowhole)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   скрести́ (to scrape) — скребло́ (scraping knife)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   ме́рить (to measure) — мери́ло (measure, criterion)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since &lt;strong&gt;хлеба́ть&lt;/strong&gt; rhimes with &lt;strong&gt;еба́ть&lt;/strong&gt;, “to fuck”, so, by analogy, the word &lt;strong&gt;хлеба́ло&lt;/strong&gt; got contaminated with &lt;strong&gt;еба́ть&lt;/strong&gt;, and there appeared the word &lt;strong&gt;еба́ло&lt;/strong&gt;, which is a still more vulgar way to say “mouth”. Later the meaning of the word got wider and it came to mean “face”, too, and now it means both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Funny to say, but, although meaning “mouth”, from the etymological point of view the word &lt;strong&gt;еба́ло&lt;/strong&gt; should have meant “penis, a thing to fuck with”. (-:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-06-26T19:39:33.913" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T19:39:33.913" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6832" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-26T12:36:38.257" Score="5" ViewCount="1059" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the English equivalent of the following phrases: &quot;Ни хрена не делаешь&quot;, &quot;Какого хрена?&quot;, &quot;Пошёл на хрен&quot;, &quot;Не хрена тебе здесь делать&quot;, &quot;Ты совсем охренел&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2387" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-27T14:54:54.073" LastActivityDate="2014-06-27T14:54:54.073" Title="Хрен and phrases in which it is involved" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;мат&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6833" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="617" CreationDate="2014-06-26T12:37:05.423" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Women in post-Soviet countiries are still rather sensitive about their age. Some middle aged ladies here might feel offended when addressed &quot;zhenschina&quot;. Sometimes a little bit flattering form of address (&quot;devushka&quot;) can do you good. In such a way, you demonstrate that you believe she is still young and looking good. So, use your common sense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4021" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T12:37:05.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6832" CreationDate="2014-06-26T12:57:28.503" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Хрен&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (see meaning 3) is a euphemism for &lt;strong&gt;хуй&lt;/strong&gt;, &quot;prick&quot;, and all those phrases can be used with &lt;strong&gt;хуй&lt;/strong&gt;, too. In English, &quot;fuck&quot; is usually used in that meaning, so:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ни хрена не делаешь. - You aren't doing a fuck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Какого хрена? - What the fuck?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пошёл на хрен. - Fuck off. / Fuck you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не хрена тебе здесь делать. - You have not a fuck to do here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T12:57:28.503" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6832" CreationDate="2014-06-26T13:22:19.733" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;NOTE: These are based on a personal usage growing up...not a dictionary definition. So your mileage may vary :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Ни хрена не делаешь&quot; - You are doing nothing ( minor vulgar/impolite intonation ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Ни чего не делаешь&quot; = You are doing nothing ( no vulgarity implied ).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;You lazy sack of potatoes&quot; - would be a slang/colloquial way to say this phrase.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Какого хрена?&quot; - &quot;Why the heck [would you do/say that]?&quot; ( minor vulgar/impolite intonation ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Пошёл на хрен&quot; - &quot;Go to hell&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In this case &quot;hell&quot; is a bit strong, but I can't come up with a closer equivalent ).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Не хрена тебе здесь делать&quot; - It's a combination of &quot;You shouldn't be here&quot; and &quot;What the [hell | heck] are you doing here?&quot; ( minor vulgar/impolite intonation ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Ты совсем охренел&quot; - &quot;You've got some nerve&quot; or &quot;You are crazy&quot; ( minor vulgar/impolite intonation ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. хрен is technically 'horseradish' so imagine applying a 'bitter' connotation  to make these phrases slightly impolite/vulgar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3848" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T13:22:19.733" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6837" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6840" CreationDate="2014-06-26T18:19:41.070" Score="2" ViewCount="333" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are the imperative and infinitive always completely reasonable alternatives?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сидеть!  -  сиди!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;не повторя́ть! -  не повторя́й!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3995" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-06-27T14:44:48.947" Title="Infinitive used as imperative" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;imperative&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6838" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6839" CreationDate="2014-06-26T19:53:38.090" Score="5" ViewCount="524" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would someone be able to analyze the phrase &quot;до сих пор?&quot;&#xA;I know it means &quot;still,&quot; but I translate it as &quot;until these then,&quot; and I dont understand why it can mean &quot;still.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3995" LastActivityDate="2014-06-27T06:12:38.750" Title="How does до сих пор mean 'still'" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6838" CreationDate="2014-06-26T20:04:50.007" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;До сих пор&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; means literally &lt;strong&gt;&quot;till these times&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. Yes, it is the Genitive case plural used with the preposition &quot;до&quot;. &quot;Сих&quot; comes from &quot;сии&quot;, which used to mean &quot;these&quot;, in the modern Russian language it is the pronoun &quot;эти&quot;. &quot;Пор&quot; comes from &quot;пора&quot; which means &quot;time, period, season&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="267" LastEditDate="2014-06-27T06:12:38.750" LastActivityDate="2014-06-27T06:12:38.750" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6837" CreationDate="2014-06-26T20:11:00.993" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a slight difference between them, the infinite sentences used as imperative are much more aggressive and exigent. For example, only infinite sentences are used to train dogs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ша́рик, сиде́ть! &#xA;Sharik (dog's name), sit!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты посиди́ здесь, а я пойду́ посмотрю́, в чём там де́ло.&#xA;Stay (sit) here, and I will see what is happening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T20:11:00.993" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6838" CreationDate="2014-06-26T22:11:40.910" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In terms of whether it means &quot;still,&quot; as a Russian learner myself, I've noticed that there are several ways to express &quot;still&quot; in Russian. &#xA;Here are just the ones I've learned, with their literal translations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(&lt;strong&gt;всё&lt;/strong&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt; : &lt;em&gt;still&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;до сих пор&lt;/strong&gt; : &lt;em&gt;up to (and including) now&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;по-прежнему&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;as before&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-06-26T22:11:40.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6842" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6843" CreationDate="2014-06-27T17:39:32.107" Score="5" ViewCount="113" Body="&lt;p&gt;I noticed an acceptable alternative of the first person singular verb ending.&#xA;I don't know if&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;this is just an abbreviation or changes the meaning&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is associated to aspect, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is associated to verbs of motion,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;has analogues in other persons&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я бегу  - я бегаю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3995" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-05-27T14:24:27.380" LastActivityDate="2017-05-27T14:24:27.380" Title="Abbreviated first person singular ending" Tags="&lt;окончания&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6843" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6842" CreationDate="2014-06-27T18:03:44.600" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are 2 different verbs that form one of the pair of the verbs of motion. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бежа́ть-бéгать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бежа́ть:&lt;/strong&gt; Я бегу, ты бежи́шь, он (она́, оно́) бежи́т, мы бежи́м, вы бежи́те, они́ бегу́т&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бе́гать:&lt;/strong&gt; Я бе́гаю, ты бе́гаешь, он (она́, оно́) бе́гает, мы бе́гаем, вы бе́гаете, они́ бе́гают&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being the verbs of motion without prefixes, these verbs are both imperfective.The &lt;strong&gt;first&lt;/strong&gt; one in the pair, &quot;бежать&quot; means &lt;strong&gt;&quot;to run in one direction&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt; The &lt;strong&gt;second&lt;/strong&gt; one in the pair, бéгать means &lt;strong&gt;&quot;to run somewhere and then return&quot;, &quot;to run without any direction&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; pr &quot;to run regularly&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the verbs of motion work like that, the first verb means &quot;to go, fly, swim, run, carry, etc. in one direction&quot; and the second one, in two directions, way and back:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;идти́-ходи́ть: go on foot&#xA;плыть-пла́вать: swim&#xA;лете́ть-лета́ть: fly&#xA;е́хать-е́здить: go on transport, ride&#xA;нести́-носи́ть: carry something on foot&#xA;везти́-вози́ть: carry something on transport&#xA;вести-води́ть: lead somebody&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-06-27T18:03:44.600" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6844" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6854" CreationDate="2014-06-28T03:39:54.153" Score="6" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am quite new to Russian and would like feedback on both what I've done correctly and where I am mistaken. For use in a fantasy writing project, I would like to plausibly derive “kamenite” as an imperfect borrowing into English, ultimately from Russian камень + Greek -ίτης.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prior to learning of its use as a town in Belarus and other placenames, I came up with каменец, modeled on the examples of каменщик and американец. The intended use is in describing a колдун/алхимик. My notion is if -ец functions anything like the English agent noun suffix -er, then Искатели Философского Камня could have been shortened to something like каменец, thence borrowed as above — but is каменец a plausible formation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4027" LastActivityDate="2014-06-29T11:58:10.290" Title="Deriving “kamenite” from Russian камень + Greek -ίτης" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;суффиксы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6845" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-28T07:06:58.497" Score="4" ViewCount="340" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a phrase in the lyrics of the Russian folk song &quot;Вот мчится тройка почтовая&quot;.  Although there are many web sites about this song in English, they have often translated it by something like &quot;(The coachman) swings his head wildly&quot;.  Grammatically speaking, however, the &quot;буйный&quot; is an adjective to describe the noun &quot;голова&quot; rather than an adverb to qualify the verb &quot;качать&quot;.  How to translate this phrase into English accurately?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4028" LastActivityDate="2014-06-29T08:58:24.827" Title="How to translate &quot;(Ямщик) Качает буйной головой&quot; into English?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-10-05T14:19:59.470" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6845" CreationDate="2014-06-28T08:33:09.900" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You answered your own question, really. &quot;Буйный&quot; can be translated as &quot;wild&quot;, so in this case it would be not &quot;swings head wildly&quot; but &quot;swings his wild head&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a side note, &quot;swings&quot; isn't really appropriate in this case, proper word would be &quot;shakes his head&quot;, for example, &quot;shake one's head in disbelief&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though, I'm going off of the most regular usages of these phrases. The original sentence in its full context implies the stage-coachman is preoccupied with thoughts of the woman he loves. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4029" LastActivityDate="2014-06-28T08:33:09.900" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6844" CreationDate="2014-06-28T09:29:44.713" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ЕЦ&lt;/strong&gt; is a diminutive suffix, used mostly in the Ukranian and Belorussian languages. In Russian, it was transformed in a suffix that forms names of nationalities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;каменец&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; just means &lt;strong&gt;&quot;a small stone&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-06-28T09:29:44.713" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6844" CreationDate="2014-06-29T04:07:26.690" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Каменец sounds like &quot;a substance looking like stone but not necessary really stone&quot;, which could be not a real stone (may be some organic hard substance). Definitely, not a person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you need a profession, it would be каменщик but this word is already reserved for a bricklayer or mason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to mind a mineralogist, I suggest минеролог. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-06-29T04:15:15.050" LastActivityDate="2014-06-29T04:15:15.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6849" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6852" CreationDate="2014-06-29T08:22:26.953" Score="4" ViewCount="388" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question originated from listening to a &lt;a href=&quot;http://rock.rapgenius.com/Dido-thank-you-lyrics&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Dido song&lt;/a&gt;. &quot;Got bills to pay&quot; is a pretty common expression in English. It expresses the sentiment that we all have our expenses and in more general sense obligations / responsibilities that affect what we do and how we live. In Russian, however, there are two expressions that are similar, but not the same. Can you compare / contrast them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2372" LastActivityDate="2014-07-02T16:03:53.647" Title="What is the difference between &quot;платить по счетам&quot; and &quot;оплачивать счета&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6845" CreationDate="2014-06-29T08:58:24.827" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct about the grammar. However, I think &quot;буйный&quot; is one of those words which are difficult to translate, especially in one word (like &quot;грозный&quot; in &quot;Иван Грозный&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best place to look for the meaning in this case is Dal's dictionary, which &lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru/~%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%20%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F/%D0%91%D0%A3%D0%99%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%99/&quot;&gt;says&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Буйная голова, беспокойная; в сказках и песнях горькая, горемычная,&#xA;  бесприютная.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I had to translate the phrase as a lyrics line, I would go for something like &quot;The coachman shakes his restless head&quot;. &quot;Wild&quot; is not wrong as such (if used as an adjective), but hard to understand without the necessary background.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3522" LastActivityDate="2014-06-29T08:58:24.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6851" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-29T09:14:53.527" Score="2" ViewCount="242" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to display a sign in Russian in my shop which directs my customers not to try on the clothing.  Something like &quot;Please do not try on the clothing&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would someone be kind enough to provide me with text which would make this clear to my Russian customers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4030" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-06-29T11:13:36.340" LastActivityDate="2014-06-29T11:13:36.340" Title="Russian signs for my clothes shop" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6852" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6849" CreationDate="2014-06-29T09:15:36.137" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Платить по счетам&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; can both have a direct and figurative meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To pay bills in the direct meaning (used in formal speech). It is used when there are many bills to pay:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В связи́ с повыше́нием тари́фов на электри́чество, газ и во́ду не все жи́тели города смо́гут плати́ть по счетам.&#xA;Due to the increase of the prices of electricity, gas and water, not all the inhabitants of the town will be able to pay the bills.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To pay the bills in the figurative meaning. It means something like &quot;the time has come to pay for something wrong you did in the past&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пришло вре́мя плати́ть по счетам за оши́бки про́шлого.&#xA;And now the bills are due to pay the errors of the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Оплачивать-оплатить счёт (счета)&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is more often used in singular and it means &quot;to pay one concrete bill&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне ну́жно оплати́ть счёт за Интерне́т.&#xA;I have to pay the Internet bill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-06-29T09:15:36.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6851" CreationDate="2014-06-29T09:24:36.913" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The translation would be &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Пожалуйста, не примеряйте одежду&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-06-29T09:24:36.913" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6844" CreationDate="2014-06-29T11:58:10.290" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;When talking about groups of people that share some idea it's not easy to find a &quot;true&quot; russian suffix that suites the task. The only pre-cristian beleiver I can recall is &lt;strong&gt;волхв, ведун&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other kinds were called so by Russian cristians: &lt;strong&gt;язычник, идолопоклонник&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also some cristian sects like &lt;strong&gt;иконоборец, старовер&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(You may also want to see a &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/2440/551&quot;&gt;list of &quot;magic people&quot;&lt;/a&gt; that we have here).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most other religious movements have names borrowed from Western culture, so they have Latin, Greek, French, English, etc. suffixes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, based on existing names of religious movements:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Suffix -ит (каменит) is OK, because many such words were borrowed from Western culture.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most local names for such movements are usually based on several words made into one:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Старовер = старый + верить: верить по-старому (believe in old way);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Иконоборец = икона + бороть: бороться с иконами (fight against icons);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Идолопоклонник = идол + поклоняться: поклоняться идолам (praise the idols).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the second model looks interesting to you, then you may try to join some words to create your own like камневер (believer in stone), камнеискатель (stonesearcher), камнепоклонник (praiser of the stone), камневидец (the one who sees a stone), etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &quot;true&quot; russian suffixes - I think most of the meanings are already occupied, for instance Wiktionary reads that &quot;каменец&quot; is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;person that lives in cities like Камень-на-Оби, Каменка, Камень, etc.&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-06-29T11:58:10.290" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6855" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6856" CreationDate="2014-06-30T05:38:59.360" Score="9" ViewCount="261" Body="&lt;p&gt;When referring to an event in a specific year, it is &lt;em&gt;в этом году&lt;/em&gt; with &lt;em&gt;этом&lt;/em&gt; replaced by the year in prepositional, e. g., &lt;em&gt;в 1956-м году&lt;/em&gt;. But for decades I have seen both &lt;em&gt;в 1950-х годах&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;в 1950-е годы&lt;/em&gt;. What is the difference in usage between these two choices?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-06-30T06:12:08.717" LastActivityDate="2014-07-02T06:18:47.200" Title="Годы or годах for &quot;in a decade&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6855" CreationDate="2014-06-30T07:47:57.727" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;For me there is no any difference between locative &lt;em&gt;в пятидеся́тых года́х&lt;/em&gt; and accusative &lt;em&gt;в пятидеся́тые го́ды&lt;/em&gt;, neither semantic, nor stylistic, nor dialectical. But in literary Russian the former variant seems to prevail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В двадцатых годах (реже в двадцатые годы) нашего века (при обозначении десятилетий посредством порядковых числительных чаще употребляется не вин. падеж, а предл.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Д. Э. Розенталь. Пунктуация и управление в русском языке. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You’ve asked is it about &lt;em&gt;год&lt;/em&gt; only. No, in my Russian units of time with ordinals may be declined to answer &lt;em&gt;когда?&lt;/em&gt; question in this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;в первые секунды&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  в первые минуты&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  в первые часы&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  в первые дни&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  в первые недели / на первых неделях&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  в первые месяцы / в первых месяцах / на первых месяцах&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  в первые годы / в первых годах&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  в первые десятилетия / в первых десятилетиях&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  в первые века / в первых веках&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  на первых порах&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  в первые мгновения&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I cannot see any system here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T07:47:57.727" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6857" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-06-30T15:52:07.143" Score="9" ViewCount="713" Body="&lt;p&gt;The translation of the start button's name always looked weird for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian &lt;em&gt;Пуск&lt;/em&gt; is usually used as a launch command in context of missile launching. It can be used to denote a launch of an arrow, missile or a rocket. In industrial environment a &lt;em&gt;ПУСК&lt;/em&gt; button usually means a button which turns on some, often uncontrollable, machine, mechanism or process. In all contexts such buttons are usually large and can be painted red. They create impression of being dangerous and starting something that you may be unable to reverse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus when I saw Windows 95 for the first time, I was very afraid of pressing the start button because it made impression of starting some irreversible process, like disk formatting or at lest some transformation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my view they could have named the button &lt;em&gt;Старт&lt;/em&gt; which is quite normal Russian word, meaning beginning. It is also often used in context of activities of learning, meaning the entry point from which one begins their work or study a new field, which would be quite appropriate because the button is either used in the beginning of the work, or as a first thing one learns about the new operating system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I wonder whether the choice of the word &lt;em&gt;Пуск&lt;/em&gt; is just a weird translation or there is something other than that to it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-07-02T18:03:47.523" LastActivityDate="2014-08-05T20:49:04.970" Title="Why Microsoft chose the name &quot;Пуск&quot; for the Windows start button?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6857" CreationDate="2014-06-30T16:29:48.440" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Microsoft is known for their effort to keep Russian localization as Russian as possible. They don't even like to use the word информация, preferring данные или сведения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actual meaning of the word Start on this button is just &quot;CLICK ME&quot;, as you may find from this Raymond Chen's story: &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2003/07/22/54559.aspx&quot;&gt;http://blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2003/07/22/54559.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian localization team probably found the word &quot;Пуск&quot; neat and funny enough to be placed on the button. Just because of your associations with rocket launching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastEditorUserId="1958" LastEditDate="2014-06-30T16:46:51.433" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T16:46:51.433" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="256" CreationDate="2014-06-30T23:17:28.357" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference between &lt;em&gt;Кто-нибудь&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;кто-либо&lt;/em&gt; is akin to that between &lt;em&gt;somebody&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;someone&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;либо&lt;/em&gt; is also generally a bit more formal and is more likely to be used in a formal context than &lt;em&gt;нибудь&lt;/em&gt;, which is, in turn, more likely to be used in an informal context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is usually inappropriate nowadays to use когда-нибудь in affirmative sentences when talking about the past, and also seems mildly inappropriate to use когда-либо when talking about the future:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это самый красивый зверь, которого я когда-нибудь видел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не теряю надежды, что когда-либо увижу в лесу лисицу. (using когда-нибудь is better)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4032" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-06-30T23:17:28.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="256" CreationDate="2014-07-01T07:09:18.617" Score="4" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The -либо underlines that the choice happens from a limited, known set or interval, while -нибудь usually means a choice from an infinite or indefinite set or interval. So the -либо means &amp;quot;no matter who&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;no matter where&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;no matter when&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The -либо underlines that all outcomes are equal to the speaker while -нибудь does not have such connotation. So -нибудь often means &amp;quot;barely&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;at least&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;a thing or person only barely suitable&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;an unknown, far removed thing or time&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;the thing, person, place or time about which we cannot speculate now&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;После колледжа я найду какую-нибудь работу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the college I will find [at least] some job.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this senternce you cannot use какую-либо because the set is undefined and because you mean &amp;quot;at least&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Меня не устраивает какая-либо работа, связанная с программированием.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't want any [no matter what] job connected to programming.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sentence you cannot use какая-нибудь because the set is definite, your attitude is equal to all and you do not mean &amp;quot;at least&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the following questions the English translation is ambiguous, because &amp;quot;somehow&amp;quot; may mean either &amp;quot;by any actions&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;with any result&amp;quot;. In Russian the как-либо/как-нибудь disambiguates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Существуют ли способы &lt;strong&gt;как-либо&lt;/strong&gt; прожить на пособие?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any ways to survive on social aid &lt;strong&gt;somehow&lt;/strong&gt; (&amp;quot;by some tricks or methods&amp;quot;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The speaker asks for methods and advices on how to survive on social aid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Существуют ли способы &lt;strong&gt;как-нибудь&lt;/strong&gt; прожить на пособие?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any ways to survive on social aid &lt;strong&gt;somehow&lt;/strong&gt; (&amp;quot;good or bad, at least barely&amp;quot;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The speaker asks if it is at least possible to survive on social aid, even with low quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если вы планируете &lt;strong&gt;как-либо&lt;/strong&gt; пересечь границу, сразу сообщите о себе в посольство.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are planning to &lt;strong&gt;somehow&lt;/strong&gt; (&amp;quot;this or that way, by the way of your choice, no matter how&amp;quot;) cross the border, immediately report to the embassy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This implies that the speaker expects there are multiple equivalent ways to cross the border.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если вы планируете &lt;strong&gt;как-нибудь&lt;/strong&gt; пересечь границу, сразу сообщите о себе в посольство.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are planning to &lt;strong&gt;somehow&lt;/strong&gt; (&amp;quot;with troubles or not, easily or with effort, at least barely, even with losses&amp;quot;) cross the border, immediately report to the embassy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This implies that there are possibly no legal or safe ways to cross the border, or such ways are unknown to the speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T08:48:51.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6862" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6863" CreationDate="2014-07-01T11:29:29.017" Score="4" ViewCount="306" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, i can say: «Can i run this idea past you?» meaning that i want to get feedback from a person or «I ran this past the director, and he agrees.» meaning that the plan was approved by the director.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The person, who the idea or a plan is being ran past, рецензирует this idea. But what is the verb for presenting for such input?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastActivityDate="2015-01-29T01:29:26.883" Title="How would one say «run something past somebody» in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6862" CreationDate="2014-07-01T11:43:27.617" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я думаю здесь могут подойти слова показать/посмотреть:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можешь посмотреть мое предложение?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я показал свое предложение директору и он согласился (не возражал).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть и более официальное слово - рассмотреть:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Директор рассмотрит ваше предложение в понедельник.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я представил свой проект на рассмотрение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T11:43:27.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6864" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6866" CreationDate="2014-07-01T11:44:51.017" Score="5" ViewCount="469" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having traveled in the rural area around Penza I found that almost all the people say «ндравиться» rather than «нравиться», for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Мне ндравится сегодняшняя погода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it some archaic pronunciation or is it just something that evolved specifically in that geographical area?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-11-16T15:02:30.633" LastActivityDate="2020-11-16T15:02:30.633" Title="Is «ндравиться» archaic or just geographical?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="6865" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6864" CreationDate="2014-07-01T13:29:21.697" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;нравиться&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; comes from the noun &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;нрав&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (temper, disposition), old-Russian &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;нъравъ&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, which already appears in documents of the XI-XII centuries. I don't think its pronunciation changed with the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The incorrect pronunciation &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;нДравиться&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; seems to be really old and it used to be quite common among &lt;strong&gt;illiterate people&lt;/strong&gt; in the XIX century. You can see this verb in the book &amp;quot;Penal servitude. Criminals&amp;quot; by Vlas Doroshevich, a Russian journalist and writer of the XIX century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The woman who uses this word in the book comes from Kostroma, a town in the North of Russia, so I don't think this pronunciation evokes specifically in the geographical area of Penza.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To put it short, &lt;strong&gt;it doesn't depend on the geographical area, but on the social class and level of education of people.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &amp;quot;нДравиться&amp;quot; is now used to speak in a funny way about something you like (people who use the verb know it's incorrect):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нДравится э́тот музон.&#xA;I like this cool music (not serious, joking).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-11-15T15:34:03.187" LastActivityDate="2020-11-15T15:34:03.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="6866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6864" CreationDate="2014-07-01T16:14:56.947" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эпентеза (неэтимологическое, по чисто фонетическим причинам, возникновение звуков посередь слова) в русском языке не ограничивается словом &lt;em&gt;ндравиться&lt;/em&gt; и, насколько мне известно, не локализована территориально — слова &lt;em&gt;энтот&lt;/em&gt; (этот) и &lt;em&gt;энтак&lt;/em&gt; (этак), &lt;em&gt;постле&lt;/em&gt; (после) вы наверняка слышали и в своем краю. Ту же природу имеет /n/ в словах &lt;em&gt;преце&lt;b&gt;н&lt;/b&gt;дент&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;компроме&lt;b&gt;н&lt;/b&gt;тировать&lt;/em&gt;, которые вы иногда можете встретить даже там, где орфоэпическую норму блюдут — на телевидении, например.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ничего архаичного в ней тем более нет — вы сами воочию убедились, что она по сей день встречается в живой речи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом, это не архаично и не географично, а «просторечно» (звучит снобистски, но это термин).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кстати, это &lt;em&gt;ндравиться&lt;/em&gt; легко найти в литературе, где оно наряду с другими особенностями речи используется именно для демонстрации социального происхождения героя:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У нас у всех крест на шее... Франчишке Лефорту, что ли, этот крест не &lt;em&gt;ндравится&lt;/em&gt;? [А. К. Толстой. Петр Первый]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— У Еракина нынче электричество зажигали, — сказал он. — Не &lt;em&gt;ндравится&lt;/em&gt; мне! [Чехов. Архиерей.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Кожа тебе не по скусу? Морщинки тебе, морда собачья, не &lt;em&gt;ндравятся&lt;/em&gt;? Перед народом меня страмить выдумал... [Зощенко. Баба.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T17:06:20.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6867" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-01T17:23:48.307" Score="-3" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would you translate this to English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-07-01T17:38:51.640" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T18:12:56.597" Title="Пусти козла в огород" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2014-07-03T15:44:00.087" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6867" CreationDate="2014-07-01T18:12:56.597" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The actual expression is &quot;Пусти́ козла́ в огоро́д, он всю капу́сту обдерёт&quot; (Let a he-goat into the garden, and it will eat all the cabbage&quot;) and its English equivalent is &quot;Never trust a wolf with the care of lambs&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-07-01T18:12:56.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6855" CreationDate="2014-07-02T06:18:47.200" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;These two choices are equivalent, but I would say the &lt;em&gt;&quot;в пятидесятых годах&quot;&lt;/em&gt; form is a bit more frequently used than &lt;em&gt;&quot;в пятидесятые годы&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4035" LastActivityDate="2014-07-02T06:18:47.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="617" CreationDate="2014-07-02T15:51:32.433" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best way to address (not old) male is to say &quot;Молодой человек&quot;. For example - &quot;молодОй человЕк, не подскАжите, как пройтИ к кремлЮ?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, you can use &quot;Парень&quot;: &quot;пАрень, не подскАжешь, как пройтИ к кремлЮ?&quot;. &#xA;First sentence is a bit more formal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4044" LastActivityDate="2014-07-02T15:51:32.433" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6849" CreationDate="2014-07-02T16:03:53.647" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Платить по счетам&quot; is equal to &quot;payback time&quot;. &#xA;&quot;Оплачивать счета&quot; can be only used when you are literally paying bills. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However - first one can be used equally to second one sometimes. But it is very rare. If you say &quot;пора платить по счетам&quot; - it can be translated only as &quot;payback time has come&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4044" LastActivityDate="2014-07-02T16:03:53.647" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6826" CreationDate="2014-07-02T16:06:31.070" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that &quot;Ебало&quot; in Russian is equal to &quot;mouth&quot; because of oral sex )))&#xA;So &quot;ебало&quot; is something that is used as a target for &quot;fuck&quot;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4044" LastActivityDate="2014-07-02T16:06:31.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6875" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6876" CreationDate="2014-07-03T08:46:11.907" Score="0" ViewCount="2364" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which one is the better term to be used? Is there a difference between two terms? Is the etymology different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Который из этих терминов больше подходит для использования? Есть-ли между ними разница? Отличается-ли этимология?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastEditorUserId="2311" LastEditDate="2014-07-06T16:11:17.150" LastActivityDate="2014-07-27T11:57:17.230" Title="Гомосексуалист or Гомосексуал?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6875" CreationDate="2014-07-03T08:46:11.907" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term гомосексуалист (homosexualist) has existed in English language 40 or 50 years ago as well. Today it is considered archaic and possibly a little offensive when used outside of its historical context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;World wide the term is falling into disuse after гомосексуальность (homosexuality) has been declassified from being a psychological disease. As such it was previously called гомосексуализм (homosexualism).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian one can quickly determine the position of the person in relation to the question of equal rights depending on the choice between «гомосексуалист» and «гомосексуал». Those who are supportive of LGBT rights use the latter [1], while the opponents tend to use the former [2]. Apathetic people use whichever they have heard first, but more often the former (due to the nature of Russian speaking society). Neutral groups of people use the latter slightly more often [3].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[1] &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gay.ru/science/kon/remark/teacher.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.gay.ru/science/kon/remark/teacher.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[2] &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.forum.rodnovery.ru/index.php?/topic/4828-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC-%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.forum.rodnovery.ru/index.php?/topic/4828-гомосексуализм-и-родноверие/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[3] &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Гомосексуальность&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Within LGBT community the terms «гомосексуализм» and «гомосексуалист» get criticised for being incorrect. -изм and -ист are often used to imply that homosexuals are a political group, and not an arbitrary category of people (with sexuality as the only distinguishing factor). Also due to these terms use in psychiatric literature there is a baggage that comes with their use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the choice of a word depends largely on where you come from and what message you are trying to send. If you are in an international setting, even when you speak Russian, you should try to use гомосексуальность and гомосексуал, as these are less likely to cause misunderstanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Перевод:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Термин «гомосексуалист» (homosexualist) также существовал и в английском языке 40 или 50 лет назад. Сегодня он считается архаичным и, возможно, немного унизительным при использовании вне исторического контекста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;После деклассификации гомосексуальности (homosexuality) как психологического заболевания, это слово начинает исчезать из речи по всему миру. Как заболевание оно называлось «гомосексуализм» (homosexualism).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В России можно быстро уяснить позицию человека в отношении равноправия по выбору между «гомосексуалист» и «гомосексуал». Те, кто поддерживают права ЛГБТ, пользуются вторым термином [1], в то время как оппоненты употребляют как правило первый [2]. Апатичные в этом вопросе люди используют термин, с которым они столкнулись первым, но чаще первый (в связи с историческим порядком в русско-говорящем обществе). Нейтральные группы немного часто останавливаются на втором из двух слов [3].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[1] &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gay.ru/science/kon/remark/teacher.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.gay.ru/science/kon/remark/teacher.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[2] &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.forum.rodnovery.ru/index.php?/topic/4828-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC-%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.forum.rodnovery.ru/index.php?/topic/4828-гомосексуализм-и-родноверие/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[3] &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Гомосексуальность&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Внутри ЛГБТ сообщества термины «гомосексуализм» и «гомосексуалист» критикуются как неверные. Суффикс изм и ист часто используются для намёка на то, что гомосексуалы формируют политическую группу, а не являются просто произвольной категорией людей (с их сексуальностью, как единственным определяющим фактором). Также, в связи с использованием этих слов в психиатрической литературе, у них остаётся большое количество стигмы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В связи с этим, выбор слова зависит в основном от того, из какого слоя населения вышел автор, и какие идеи он пытается передать. В международном кругу общения, даже при использовании русского языка, стоит использовать слова гомосексуальность и гомосексуал, в связи с меньшей вероятностью возникновения недопонимания.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastEditorUserId="2311" LastEditDate="2014-07-06T16:36:52.827" LastActivityDate="2014-07-06T16:36:52.827" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6877" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-03T11:32:28.507" Score="4" ViewCount="213" Body="&lt;p&gt;Was -ю ending in instrumental mandatory or overwhelming in Pushkin's times?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-07-03T16:25:38.880" LastActivityDate="2014-07-03T16:25:38.880" Title="Was -ю ending in instrumental mandatory in Pushkin's times?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;окончания&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6877" CreationDate="2014-07-03T13:20:46.123" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;В такой формулировке вопрос напрашивается на односложный ответ. Можно за минуту найти с десяток примеров окончания &lt;em&gt;-ой&lt;/em&gt; из произведений уважаемых авторов, чего вполне достаточно, чтобы ответить: «нет, не была обязательна».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И до Пушкина:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Народ наш, тронутый &lt;em&gt;заслугой&lt;/em&gt; толь &lt;em&gt;великой&lt;/em&gt;, /&#xA;  Поставил над &lt;em&gt;собой&lt;/em&gt; спасителя &lt;em&gt;владыкой&lt;/em&gt; &#xA;  [Яков Княжнин].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И во времена Пушкина:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Злой тоской&lt;/em&gt; удручена, /&#xA;  К Муравью ползет она: /&#xA;  «Не оставь меня, кум милый! /&#xA;  Дай ты мне собраться с &lt;em&gt;силой&lt;/em&gt;...&#xA;  [И. А. Крылов]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И у самого Пушкина:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В крови горит огонь желанья, /&#xA;  Душа &lt;em&gt;тобой&lt;/em&gt; уязвлена, /&#xA;  Лобзай меня: твои лобзанья /&#xA;  Мне слаще мирра и вина&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какие появились основания полагать, что окончание &lt;em&gt;-ой&lt;/em&gt; было недопустимо, не знаю. Да, преобладало, по всей видимости, &lt;em&gt;-ою&lt;/em&gt;. Причем, если взглянуть на частоту по Гугловскому корпусу трех самых частых слов русского языка, допускающих вариацию &lt;em&gt;-ой&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;-ою&lt;/em&gt; в творительном падеже — местоимений: &lt;em&gt;мной&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;тобой&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;собой&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8E%2C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8E%2C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8E&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=1950&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/fnmkwqF.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;то, видно, что по крайней мере в этих словах преобладало оно аж до первой половины xx века. В более редких словах — раньше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выше я приводил стихотворные примеры, но можно возразить, что поэзия не очень показательна в таких вопросах, ибо допускает многие вольности, хотя здесь и хороша тем, что не требует обращения к оригиналам xıx века — в прозе этот момент могли и осовременить при приведении к новой правописной норме.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако, часто и к оригиналам обратиться не сложно. К примеру, издание «Сочинений» Пушкина, подготовленное Жуковским, у Гугля есть целиком и даже кое-как распознанное. Так вот, например, в «Истории Пугачева», форма &lt;em&gt;собою&lt;/em&gt; встречается 23 раза, а &lt;em&gt;собой&lt;/em&gt; — 6. Причем, будто бы просто для разнообразия: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сначала оба племени враждовали &lt;em&gt;между собою&lt;/em&gt;, но въ послѣдствіи времени вошли въ дружелюбныя сношенія: казаки стали получать женъ изъ Татарскихъ улусовъ. Сохранилось поэтическое преданіе: казаки, страстные къ холостой жизни положили &lt;em&gt;между собой&lt;/em&gt; убивать приживаемыхъ дѣтей, а женъ бросать при выстуиленіи въ новый походъ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается наставлений по грамматике русского языка, то их, наисколько мне известно, в первой половине xıx века было два: Греча и Востокова. В Сети доступны только относительно поздние издания, и они характеризуют обсуждаемый феномен сходным образом:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Окончаніе &lt;em&gt;ою&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;ею&lt;/em&gt;, въ творительномъ падежѣ ед. числа женскаго рода, иногда сокращается; напримѣръ: &lt;em&gt;черной шубой&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;свѣжей ягодой&lt;/em&gt; и т. п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Н. И. Гречъ — Начальныя правила русской грамматики — СПб, 1842 — С. 27&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Также творительный падежъ единств. числа женскаго рода сокращается въ мѣстоименияхъ, какъ въ существительныхъ и прилагательныхъ именахъ, на &lt;em&gt;ей&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ой&lt;/em&gt;; напр. &lt;em&gt;моей&lt;/em&gt;, вм. &lt;em&gt;моею&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— А. Х. Востоковъ — Сокращенная русская грамматика — М, 1845 — Ч. I. Гл. III. § 46&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-07-03T16:18:25.450" LastActivityDate="2014-07-03T16:18:25.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6880" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6884" CreationDate="2014-07-04T19:44:26.440" Score="1" ViewCount="284" Body="&lt;p&gt;Очень хотелось бы узнать, правильно ли с грамматической, стилистической и т. д. точек зрения следующее предложение:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«Я не идеал»&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему-то оно мне режет уши. Я бы использовала вместо него предложение&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«Я не идеальна»&lt;/strong&gt; или &lt;strong&gt;«Я далеко не идеал»&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;но увы: ритм не позволяет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-07-04T20:55:28.637" LastActivityDate="2014-07-05T03:25:22.587" Title="Использование слова «идеал» вместо соответствующего прилагательного" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6880" CreationDate="2014-07-04T20:46:59.767" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Идеал - существительное, обозначающее недостижимый образец для подражания (нечно идеальное). Получается предложение со сказуемым-существительным, которое вполне подходит по значению.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3843" LastActivityDate="2014-07-04T20:46:59.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="448" CreationDate="2014-07-04T22:33:04.023" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In mathematics, neither дыра nor дырка are commonly used to denote an point/set that is excluded from another set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the actual terminology is somewhat similar: If some set has the point A removed from it (usually with its neighbourhood included in the set), it is said: Точка A &lt;em&gt;выколота&lt;/em&gt;. Similarly, a set that includes all points close to A but not A itself is called &lt;em&gt;проколотая/выколотая&lt;/em&gt; окрестность точки A. The direct translation, Punctured neighborhood of A, is also used in english literature. I'm not aware of any english analog for the first phrase, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, generally, scientific nicknames for certain objects (&lt;em&gt;adjective&lt;/em&gt; hole) tend to have hole translated as дыра only. The only two examples I can think of are ozone and black holes, but there's probably more. Although there are definitely some other uses where дырка is the only option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also uses where only one of the words is commonly used, for example:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A hole in the ground (дыра only)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Vulgar synonym to &amp;quot;woman&amp;quot; (дырка only)&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would probably also be good to mention that there are at least three other words meaning holes of different sizes:&#xA;дырень/дырища for exceptionally large holes and дырочка for small ones (smaller than дырка) or for exaggerating/pointing out the smallness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another fact worth mentioning is that дырка and дырочка almost always mean a &amp;quot;clean&amp;quot; hole, while дыра is often used to refer to holes with irregular/jagged edges.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of those words, especially the three mentioned above, may also convey the feeling of the speaker in respect to the hole in question:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Using дырень/дырища usually implies awe, surprise, or disgust.&#xA;Using дырка instead of дыра implies that the hole is no big deal/not worth your attention, unless you try to direct the listener/reader's attention to the hole, in which case дырка means a non-serious hole and дыра can mean both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;засунул руку в карман, а там дырка. &lt;em&gt;the hole is no big deal, I'll fix it when I get home&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;засунул руку в карман, а там дыра. &lt;em&gt;there's a big hole in my pocket, I should be careful not to put anything in until I fix it&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;посмотри, у тебя дырка в кармане!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;посмотри, у тебя дыра в кармане!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;these two sentences mostly mean the same: You have a hole in your pocket, fix it ASAP. The first of them implies a hole at least smaller than the pocket itself, though, whereas the second could refer to a hole of any size.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, дырочка is probably the most emotionally-neutral of these words, meaning just a small (typically smaller than a finger, but could be anything depending on what is considered small in a particular context) hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4032" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-07-04T22:33:04.023" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6883" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="448" CreationDate="2014-07-05T02:56:11.627" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It worth to mention that, aside from the fact that &quot;дырка&quot; is definitely more colloquial, &quot;дыра&quot; has one very widely recognized and used meaning which &quot;дырка&quot; completely lacks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Дыра&quot; stands for a remote and/or forsaken and/or ramshackle place. Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В какую же дыру мы с тобой попали &#xA;  or&#xA;  Слушай, ну какой Урюпинск, я туда не поеду, это же дыра, там нечего ловить! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2014-07-05T02:56:11.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6880" CreationDate="2014-07-05T03:25:22.587" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;С грамматической точки зрения всё нормально, с фактическим словоупотреблением - тоже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Другое дело, что такое словоупотребление лежит в области очень-очень тонких особенностей, делающих изучение иностранных языков таким сложным делом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сравните с &quot;Я далеко не гений&quot; и &quot;Я не гениален&quot;. Так сказать можно, это абсолютная норма.&#xA;А например форма &quot;Я [далеко] не дурак&quot; единственно употребимая, &quot;я не дурацкий&quot; никто не скажет, скажет &quot;я не глуп[ый/ая]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Все эти словосочетания и оттенки их употребления остаётся только выучить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А ещё, судя по вашему вопросу, вам кажется что слово &quot;далеко&quot; на что-то в данном контексте влияет. Но это предположение неверно точно, в данном случае ни на что не влияет. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2014-07-05T03:25:22.587" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6822" CreationDate="2014-07-05T09:41:24.090" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;We may use this word talking about a person.&#xA;&quot;Хуйло&quot; is a form of the word &quot;хуй&quot;, but as we can't call a person this way we use &quot;хуйло&quot;.&#xA;Try to avoid it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4062" LastActivityDate="2014-07-05T09:41:24.090" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6887" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6862" CreationDate="2014-07-05T16:02:00.197" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Much more idiomatic would be: &quot;хочу с тобой посоветоваться по вопросу...&quot; or &quot;нужен твой совет насчет...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3727" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2015-01-29T01:29:26.883" LastActivityDate="2015-01-29T01:29:26.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6826" CreationDate="2014-07-05T16:17:16.393" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like to point out that it is generally quite meaningless to ask &quot;why&quot; when to it comes to live languages, as they (languages) are the results of some &quot;unorganized&quot; collective authorship. &#xA;Also, my apologies to the purists of Stack Exchange communities for stating this as an answer. I do realize that the most appropriate place for this will be a comment but it is not an option for me presently for the lack of reputation points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3727" LastActivityDate="2014-07-05T16:17:16.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6890" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6891" CreationDate="2014-07-05T22:51:12.160" Score="2" ViewCount="205" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the word &lt;strong&gt;лицеприятие&lt;/strong&gt; understood by (the vast majority of) Russians?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T22:39:34.213" Title="Is the word лицеприятие understood by (the vast majority of) Russians?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6890" CreationDate="2014-07-05T23:29:03.343" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I doubt that. Unless they have a dictionary to look it up. Unpopular since the second half of 19 century, the word has virtually fallen into disuse somewhere after 1930-1940. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check it up at &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%EB%E8%F6%E5%EF%F0%E8%FF%F2%E8%E5&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&quot;&gt;Russian National Corpus&lt;/a&gt; : we are talking about 1 instance of the word in 10 000 000, and even that one would likely be a stylization or quotation. Judging by mere frequency of use, it probably started to fall from active use as early as in 1870's: less than 1 instance per million is generally not a good frequency to have for an active word (the word is beyond 40-50 thousands most useful words you know). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;нелицеприятный&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; was more popular even then. And this is exactly why it has lost its original meaning in everyday speech: surely, you can look in the dictionary where it says that the word may mean &quot;not based on personal predilection&quot; — but its (unfrequent) modern use is mostly &quot;a turgid way to say &lt;em&gt;unpleasant&lt;/em&gt; in speech&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have read about &quot;нелицеприятный&quot; a few years ago, so I made a good guess as to what &quot;лицеприятие&quot; means. Still, had to check the dictionary to be sure. You see, the word is not used &lt;em&gt;anywhere&lt;/em&gt; in modern language aside from very specific sources. Unless you read such works, it is almost impossible for you to even encounter it. When reading 19 century literature you mostly guess the meaning from context and move on. It appears twice in &quot;Anna Karenina&quot; yet I probably didn't pay attention to memorize it from the book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-07-05T23:37:06.293" LastActivityDate="2014-07-05T23:37:06.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6892" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6896" CreationDate="2014-07-06T06:34:49.900" Score="2" ViewCount="267" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он нам показал свою машину.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that a natural way of saying it or would one only do so with a certain purpose which would be figured by the listener, because it does sound strange compared to &lt;code&gt;Он показал нам свою..&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-07-06T12:19:36.827" Title="Does it sound strange to put the pronoun before the verb?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6892" CreationDate="2014-07-06T07:27:23.960" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Он нам показал свою машину&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; sounds a little bit emphatic because the pronoun normally goes after the verb. So, this example of yours would be translated as &quot;He showed his car &lt;strong&gt;to us (only to us)&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt; The sentence &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Он показал свою машину нам&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; sounds more emphatic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But sometimes when we speak we don't pay attention to the word order, so in this case when we say &quot;Он нам показал свою машину&quot;, it also sounds natural. You have to pay attention to the context to see if it is emphatic of not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Он показал нам свою машину&quot; sounds neutral. it is more natural and correct way to say it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-07-06T07:27:23.960" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6894" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6895" CreationDate="2014-07-06T11:31:29.333" Score="0" ViewCount="119" Body="&lt;p&gt;Obviously the word &lt;strong&gt;заповедовать&lt;/strong&gt; is an ancient one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But is it incomprehensible somehow, so that the reader has to hold while reading, maybe wondering what's meant exactly or does he - i. e. the Russian reader - treat it basically like &lt;em&gt;приказывать, повелевать&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-07-06T12:00:50.450" Title="Does заповедовать in a sentence interrupt the flow?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6895" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6894" CreationDate="2014-07-06T12:00:50.450" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is slightly arhaic but easily understood. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You see, with words like &quot;лицеприятие&quot; the problem is, there is no clear meaning. &quot;-ие&quot; kinda signals that the word means some phenomenon or process. However, no words look similar to that one. You have &quot;нелицеприятный&quot; which is now mostly used as &quot;unpleasant&quot; except by people who checked it in the dictionary.. sooo.. is &quot;лицеприятие&quot; a word for &quot;pleasantition&quot;? &quot;plesantity&quot;? &quot;pleasanation&quot;? With the old meaning of &quot;нелицеприятный&quot;(unprejudiced) it was obvious what the meaning is, but not anymore in the lack of proper context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have a completely different picture with &quot;заповедовать/заповедать&quot;. Russian still has &quot;заповедь&quot; (commandment) used in religious contexts and, figuratively, in some others. Russian still uses the root &quot;вед&quot; (as in &quot;поведать&quot;, &quot;в неведении&quot;, &quot;без моего ведома&quot;) and &quot;заповедь&quot; actually was formed as &quot;the things that are told&quot;. So a native speaker may not be sure such a word as &quot;заповедовать&quot; exists but assuming it is actually a Russian word, one can easily see what is its most probable meaning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, there are two words in modern Russian that should be known to almost any native speaker older than 9 or 10 years:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;заповедь = commandment &lt;em&gt;(religious)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;заповедник = nature reserve&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are beyond the list of the most frequent 5000 words, but clearly in the most used 10000–15000 — so yeah, even a moderately well-read elementary school pupil has enough passive vocabulary to make a good guess what &quot;заповедовать&quot; means. The good thing is, this guess is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-07-06T12:00:50.450" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6892" CreationDate="2014-07-06T12:19:36.827" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is OK and only slightly coloured. The most neutral way is indeed &quot;Он показал нам свою машину&quot; but the variant with &quot;нам показал&quot; is your next best choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, while the sentence roughly follows the &lt;em&gt;subject-verb-object&lt;/em&gt; word order, it is typical to gather old information closer to the beginning and your statement closer to the end of the sentence. Not a &quot;rule&quot;, just a generic explanation of some phrasings that look strange to a native speaker of a language with a more fixed word order (i.e. the order remains the same even if the message is significantly different).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You see, in most cases you sentence has &lt;em&gt;the things you are going to talk about&lt;/em&gt; and then &lt;em&gt;what you say about these things&lt;/em&gt;. Now, the pronouns (&quot;нам&quot;, &quot;тебе&quot;, &quot;тут&quot;) most likely represent the old information, so as a rule they tend to be closer to the beginning of a sentence than the position a normal noun would feel comfortable in. A second peculiarity is that Russian does not heap up all possible adverbs by the end of the sentence — unlike English, which tends to do exactly that (&quot;He worked very well indeed at the bar yesterday&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case I would use the following, in the order of decreasing neutrality:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Он показал нам свою машину.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он нам показал свою машину.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он нам свою машину показал.&lt;/em&gt; → with a logical stress on &quot;his car&quot; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он свою машину нам показал.&lt;/em&gt; → with a logical emphasis on &quot;his car&quot;; not recommended&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он показал свою машину нам.&lt;/em&gt; → with a logical stress on &quot;to us&quot;, not recommended&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;anything else sounds very emphatic (&quot;His car, he have shown us indeed&quot;) or plain master-Yodaic.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-07-06T12:19:36.827" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6897" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6898" CreationDate="2014-07-07T07:11:39.540" Score="6" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;I checked &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/6877/was-%D1%8E-ending-in-instrumental-mandatory-in-pushkins-times&quot;&gt;Was -ю ending in instrumental mandatory in Pushkin&amp;#39;s times?&lt;/a&gt; but I wonder how about using this ending today for adjectives, pronouns, etc.?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What style or color does this give a text?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Will it be hardly noticed or is it striking?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Would it be strange to switch between &lt;code&gt;-ой / ей&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;-ою / -ею&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-11-19T21:16:52.007" Title="Usage of -ю ending for Instrumental case?" Tags="&lt;окончания&gt;&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6897" CreationDate="2014-07-07T08:00:12.123" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It will look like a speech from 19th century, possibly like a citation from some classical work. Yes, it will be noticed and sound strange.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2015-11-19T17:49:17.877" LastActivityDate="2015-11-19T17:49:17.877" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6899" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6961" CreationDate="2014-07-07T10:53:39.493" Score="7" ViewCount="5137" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to translate some things into Russia which use pronoun «ze». I would prefer not to have to make stuff up or use footnotes. Is there a gender neutral pronoun in Russian language?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Перевод)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я пытаюсь перевести некоторые вещи на русский язык, которые используют местоимение «ze». Мне-бы не хотелось придумывать несуществующие слова или использовать сноски. Существуют-ли гендерно-нейтральные местоимения в русском?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastActivityDate="2018-07-26T22:16:26.217" Title="Do gender-neutral pronouns exist in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6899" CreationDate="2014-07-07T10:57:55.910" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;They do not. As you may have heard from video games localisation companies, there are ways to translate things to obfuscate the gender of a person. But they are not quite natural — actually, any direct usage of an adjective or a Past tense verb applied to that person will immediately require it to take masculine or feminine agreement. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-07-07T10:57:55.910" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6901" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6902" CreationDate="2014-07-07T11:31:39.093" Score="10" ViewCount="963" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any words which have started with one meaning, then got incorporated into another language while changing the meaning and then got reimported back with a different meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastActivityDate="2014-07-12T21:03:57.810" Title="Are there any Russian words, which changed the meaning through the intermediary language?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6901" CreationDate="2014-07-07T11:57:00.983" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Such words do exist, but they are quite few, I know of only two, and even these are ultimately of Turkic origin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biritch&quot;&gt;Бирич&lt;/a&gt; (Old East Slavic 'herald') &gt; English 'Bridge game' &gt; Russian 'Игра «Бридж»'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Балаклава (city name, from Crimean Tatar) &gt; English 'balaclava' (a hat that covers the face) &gt; Russian 'балаклава' (a hat that covers the face)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-07-07T11:57:00.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6903" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6904" CreationDate="2014-07-07T17:53:15.283" Score="4" ViewCount="300" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to translate &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to be aware / conscious of something&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to become aware of something&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to make aware of something&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought of &lt;em&gt;сознаться&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;кому-то сознательный&lt;/em&gt;, but I'm uncertain about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-07-09T00:17:40.733" Title="Translation of &quot;to be aware / conscious of something&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6903" CreationDate="2014-07-07T18:30:22.957" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your guess is wrong in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are aware of something → it is &lt;em&gt;known&lt;/em&gt; to you: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне это &lt;strong&gt;известно&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я это &lt;strong&gt;осознаю&lt;/strong&gt; (понимаю). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &quot;отдавать себе отчёт&quot;: &quot;Я отдаю себе отчёт, что найти такую же&#xA;   работу будет непросто&quot; (&quot;I am well aware that...&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you became aware of something, it became known to you → &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;стало известно&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;осознал, понял&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;make aware&quot;... if you mean &quot;let someone know something&quot;, it is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;дать знать&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;em&gt;Dat.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;поставить в известность&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;em&gt;Acc.&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and &lt;strong&gt;передать&quot;/&quot;рассказать&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;em&gt;Dat.&lt;/em&gt; are also possible&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;сознаться&quot; is actually &quot;to confess&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-07-07T18:30:22.957" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6742" CreationDate="2014-07-07T19:13:40.783" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;:) To improve your listening skills I would really recommend listening to the dialogues. They are shorter than movies, so you can easily understand them. And for example, Ruspeach dialogues have both translations to 9 different languages and funny comics with them which improves understanding and makes it interesting. Besides they have little tests-games after each dialogue, so you can check that you got everything that you possible could. They helped me a lot! Good luck and check them out here - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruspeach.com/en/dialogues/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.ruspeach.com/en/dialogues/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4065" LastActivityDate="2014-07-07T19:13:40.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6901" CreationDate="2014-07-07T19:36:29.610" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Пишут что:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;пищаль&lt;/code&gt; стала &lt;code&gt;пистолем&lt;/code&gt; и вернулась как &lt;code&gt;пистолет&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@shabunc указывает что &quot;пищаль&quot; была не русской, а чешской, вот и Фасмер об этом пишет:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пистоле́т род. п. -а, впервые в 1689 r., при Петре I см. Христиани 34; диал. в знач. &quot;карапуз&quot;, петерб. Через стар. нем. Pistolet (ХVI в.; см. Шульц–Баслер 2, 541) или непосредственно из франц. pistolet от ит. pistola. Романисты ищут источник этого слова в чеш. рišt᾽аl (см. пища́ль).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Кстати &quot;гаубица&quot; также пришла из германии, но его прототипом была чешская &quot;праща&quot; houfnice.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;хрип&lt;/code&gt; вернулся как &lt;code&gt;грип&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В комментах высказано сомнение по поводу грипа, вот цитата из Фасмера:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;грип&lt;/strong&gt;, Ближайшая этимология: из франц. grippe, которое в свою очередь из русск. хрип; см. Шухардт, SID. 69; Гамильшег, EW 492; Фасмер, Zschr. d. Wf. 9, 20; Клюге-ГеЁтце 217 и сл.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В книге &quot;Приключения слов&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://attic.su/articles/adventures-of-the-words/charter-4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;утверждается&lt;/a&gt; что &quot;хрип&quot; сначала попал в немецкий:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;грипп – не что иное, как онемеченное русское хрип. Это не так странно и случайно, как может показаться. Грипп – довольно неопределенная болезнь, которая проявляется то одними, то другими признаками, и имеет очень разнообразные формы. Поэтому той разновидности, которая пришла в Германию из России, могли дать название, образованное от русского хрип.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;бЫстро&lt;/code&gt; - фр. &lt;code&gt;bistro&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;бистрО&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Эхо войны&quot; с Наполеоном в 1812 году: слово &lt;code&gt;бЫстро&lt;/code&gt;, которым русские солдаты подгоняли официантов в парижских кафе превратилось в &lt;code&gt;бистрО&lt;/code&gt; и уже из французского языка вернулось в русский.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В комментах пишут что версия эта сомнительная. У Фасмера этого слова нет, зато в английском этимологическом &lt;a href=&quot;http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bistro?s=t&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;словаре&lt;/a&gt; пишут:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;bistro&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;  1922, from Fr. bistro (1884), originally Parisian slang for &quot;little wineshop or restaurant,&quot; of unknown origin. Commonly said to be from Russian bee-stra &quot;quickly,&quot; picked up during the Allied occupation of Paris in 1815 after the defeat of Napoleon; but this, however quaint, is unlikely. Another guess is that it is from bistraud &quot;a little shepherd,&quot; a word of the Poitou dialect, from biste &quot;goat.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Т.е. происхождение неизвестно; версия про войну с Наполеоном популярная, но маловероятная. Более вероятно что слово происходит из диалектного bistraud - &quot;маленький пастух&quot; от biste - &quot;козел&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-07-12T21:03:57.810" LastActivityDate="2014-07-12T21:03:57.810" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6907" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-07T19:39:17.020" Score="8" ViewCount="557" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've looked this up more than once, and have received this as the translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Попутно отметим, что ...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I really like how it sounds, but it appears to be a little too formal for general conversation, no? Is it possible to get away with it without sounding pretentious (i.e. like a smartass)? Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4066" LastActivityDate="2014-07-07T23:44:18.180" Title="Is there a good way to say &quot;as a side note&quot;, &quot;as an aside&quot; in a conversation?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6907" CreationDate="2014-07-07T19:58:19.127" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's difficult to be certain without a context, but one way is to say &lt;em&gt;между прочим&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Графиня... сводила разговоры на любовь и между прочим рассказывала про своего близкого соседа, помещика Хвощинского... (&lt;em&gt;И. Бунин, Грамматика любви&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another option is &lt;em&gt;кстати&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тогда вы всю жизнь сидите в дворницкой, а я пойду за стульями. Кстати, первый стул над нашей головой. (&lt;em&gt;И. Ильф, Е. Петров, Двенадцать стульев&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-07-07T20:06:11.667" LastActivityDate="2014-07-07T20:06:11.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6907" CreationDate="2014-07-07T23:44:18.180" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Попутно отметим&quot; is definitely too formal for general conversation. As Aleks G pointed out, it's difficult to find a good translation without context. Just to add another variant: &quot;к слову&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...южанин родом, я полюбил бедную петербургскую природу, белые&#xA;  весенние ночи, которые - к слову сказать - ничем не хуже наших&#xA;  пресловутых украинских ночей... (В.Гаршин, Петербургские письма)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have to disagree with Garshin here, although I also love the white nights :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3887" LastActivityDate="2014-07-07T23:44:18.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6910" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6913" CreationDate="2014-07-08T03:27:13.010" Score="3" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference in usage between меняться and изменяться to convey the idea of &quot;change&quot; or &quot;vary&quot;? For example, if someone is talking about a vector field along a curve (that's the context in which this question came up), is there a preferred choice between &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) касательный вектор меняется гладко от точки к точке &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) касательный вектор изменяется гладко от точки к точке&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or are these absolutely synonymous?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T06:53:00.657" Title="меняться и изменяться" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;математика&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6912" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6914" CreationDate="2014-07-08T06:38:04.933" Score="1" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the russian equivalent for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;emotional turmoil / turmoil of emotions&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance when a man and a woman just fell in love with each other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find something in common dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2014-07-08T07:05:28.793" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T07:05:28.793" Title="Translation of &quot;emotional turmoil&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6910" CreationDate="2014-07-08T06:53:00.657" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the meaning of &quot;vary, become different&quot; the verbs are synonymous, with both used in academic style with no difference in connotation — i.e. the choice of a verb in a particular sentence is up to the author (for example, to avoid using only &quot;изменяться&quot; several times in a row).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T06:53:00.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6912" CreationDate="2014-07-08T06:58:09.870" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;err... &lt;strong&gt;&quot;буря чувств/эмоций&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; may suit. Maybe even all too easy a solution. Such things are highly dependent on the sentence you want to use it in. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T06:58:09.870" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6915" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6916" CreationDate="2014-07-08T07:00:17.927" Score="8" ViewCount="1149" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which possibilities are there to say &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to break up&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in context of human relations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe there are alternatives to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;разводиться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which have a slightly different emphasis. I'm just asking, because &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;разводиться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; sounds a bit &quot;active&quot;, but I might be mistaken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-07-09T03:45:15.397" Title="Translation of &quot;to break up&quot; in context of human relations" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6916" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6915" CreationDate="2014-07-08T07:09:25.947" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Разводиться-развестись&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;to get divorced&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would translate &lt;em&gt;&quot;to break up&quot;&lt;/em&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;расходиться-разойтись&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Че́рез пять лет отноше́ний они́ разошли́сь.&#xA;After five years of relations they broke up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a colloquial synonym of &quot;расходиться-разойтись&quot; which is &lt;strong&gt;&quot;разбегаться-разбежаться&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну что́, вы уже разбежа́лись и́ли ещё вме́сте?&#xA;So, have you already broken up or are you still together?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T07:09:25.947" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6917" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6918" CreationDate="2014-07-08T07:53:41.500" Score="4" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to translate &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;lovableness / amiableness&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; into Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find anything. The question &lt;strong&gt;is not&lt;/strong&gt; about &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;courteousness&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;любезность&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T14:29:36.280" Title="Translation of &quot;lovableness / amiableness&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6917" CreationDate="2014-07-08T09:12:02.053" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate &lt;strong&gt;&quot;lovableness&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;привлекательность&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, which can be about both physical apperance and personality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The definition of &quot;привлекательность&quot; is:&#xA;Способность нравиться, привлекать чьё-либо расположение или приязнь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The definition of &quot;lovableness&quot; is:&#xA;Having characteristics that attract love or affection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would translate &lt;strong&gt;&quot;amiableness&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;приятность в общении&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&quot;приветливость&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The definition of &quot;приветливость&quot; is:&#xA;От прилагательного &quot;приветливый&quot;, проявляющий радушие, благожелательность&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The definition of &quot;amiableness&quot; is:&#xA;(Comes from the adjective &quot;amiable&quot;)&#xA;1. Friendly and agreeable in disposition; good-natured and likable.&#xA;2. Cordial; sociable; congenial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="267" LastEditDate="2014-07-08T17:06:55.507" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T17:06:55.507" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6875" CreationDate="2014-07-08T09:35:54.013" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Насколько мне известно термина &lt;code&gt;гомосексуал&lt;/code&gt; в русском языке нет. &lt;em&gt;Я думаю&lt;/em&gt;, что это разговорное слово и является калькой с английского &lt;code&gt;homosexual&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/dic_synonims/31618/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Поисковая выдача&lt;/a&gt; для этого слова по различным словарям показывает различные перенаправляния на второе слово.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1769" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T09:35:54.013" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6915" CreationDate="2014-07-08T10:03:19.947" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would consider &lt;strong&gt;расстаться&lt;/strong&gt; a more commonly used translation in context of dating couples (as opposed to married people):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Мы расстались. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3971" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T10:03:19.947" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6915" CreationDate="2014-07-08T10:03:49.180" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;When talking about couples breaking up, it's common to use verb &lt;em&gt;расстаться&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я расстался со своей бывшей прошлым летом.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I broke up with my ex last summer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet, the context is important here, as the same verb may be used to describe a short-term temporary separation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы вышли из дома вместе и расстались на автобусной остановке [&lt;em&gt;до вечера&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  We came out of the house together and parted ways at the bus stop [&lt;em&gt;until evening&lt;/em&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2014-07-08T10:03:49.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6903" CreationDate="2014-07-09T00:17:40.733" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One additional option for #1 &lt;em&gt;to be aware of something&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;быть в курсе (чего-либо)&lt;/code&gt; = to be up-to-date/informed about something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I often heard &quot;Он в курсе дела&quot; - He is aware of the situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4054" LastActivityDate="2014-07-09T00:17:40.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6923" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6915" CreationDate="2014-07-09T03:45:15.397" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are looking for a more passive sounding phrase, you can just say &lt;strong&gt;«перестали встречаться»&lt;/strong&gt;. Although it probably would not be as useful in cases where people actually got married and then broke up &lt;strong&gt;«расстались»&lt;/strong&gt; would be an alternative (as is already pointed out in Hardex's answer).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastActivityDate="2014-07-09T03:45:15.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6927" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6928" CreationDate="2014-07-09T18:10:51.870" Score="1" ViewCount="493" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between those two (hopefully correct) sentences?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вам нужен человек, у кого быстрая машина.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Вам нужен человек, у которого быстрая машина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-07-09T18:31:34.057" Title="Difference between &quot;..., кто&quot; and &quot;..., который&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6927" CreationDate="2014-07-09T18:26:02.880" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;“…, который” introduces attributive clauses. Since your sentence has an attributive clause, only the second variant is correct, and the first one is grammatically wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-07-09T18:26:02.880" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6930" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6932" CreationDate="2014-07-10T06:05:18.270" Score="2" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to make a sentence with an adjective which refers to different nouns? Do I have to put it twice?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его приветствовали с большим ликованием и радостью.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Его приветствовали с большим ликованием и большой радостью.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Его приветствовали с большим ликованием и с большой радостью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она принесла охлаждённые сосиски и молоко.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Она принесла охлаждённые сосиски и охлаждённое молоко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нам нужно масло и вода.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Нам нужно масло и нужна так же вода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And how is it, if the verb refers to words with different numeral? Would it be like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ей нравится лилия и вот эти растения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-07-10T20:46:42.353" Title="How to decline an adjective, referring to different nouns?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6930" CreationDate="2014-07-10T08:16:39.700" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Grammatical norms require that adjective was put in plural form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его приветствовали с большими ликованием и радостью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if adj. is in singular form, it is dependent on closest noun in same grammatical case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;however, it is impossible to say from&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она принесла охлаждённые сосиски и молоко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if the milk was cooled, as the adjective must be in plural form either way. To disambiguate, one of the following must be used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она принесла молоко и охлаждённые сосиски. (sausage is cool, but not milk)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она принесла охлаждённые молоко и сосиски. (both sausage and milk are cool)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она принесла охлаждённое молоко и сосиски. (only milk is cool)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In colloquial speech, however, many clumsy constructs are used because people don't build the sentence before starting to speak it. In 'Hi-Russian' (written language and language of public speeches) this should be avoided. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The adjective may be declined together with the closest noun. While &lt;strong&gt;grammatically incorrect&lt;/strong&gt;, the following sentence may occur in common speech and states, that both oil and water are needed. The reason is, that at the moment when the speaker tells 'нужно' he automatically decline it with 'масло', but later says that water is also needed, but 'нужно' is already said. This is a grammatical error, but extremely common even among native speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нам нужно масло и вода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or adjective may be repeated&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она принесла охлаждённые сосиски и охлаждённое молоко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-07-10T14:29:00.540" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6933" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6934" CreationDate="2014-07-10T09:18:15.043" Score="8" ViewCount="2446" Body="&lt;p&gt;They both mean &quot;something&quot; but I have seen somewhere that there is a subtle difference between their respective senses. Could someone give me a hint at the difference along with sentences?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1773" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2014-07-10T09:27:01.807" LastActivityDate="2014-10-29T17:17:01.733" Title="&quot;Что–то&quot; or &quot;что–нибудь&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6933" CreationDate="2014-07-10T09:23:31.493" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Roughly, the difference is like between &quot;something&quot; (more close to &quot;что-то&quot;) and &quot;anything&quot; (more close to &quot;что-нибудь&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While these words are indeed interchangeable in many context, you can say only&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что-то ударилось о бампер (Something hit the bumper)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but not&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что-нибудь ударилось о бампер (Anything hit the bumper)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, the same is true about &quot;кто-то&quot; and &quot;кто-нибудь&quot;, which can be translated like &quot;somebody&quot; and &quot;anybody&quot; respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2014-07-10T09:23:31.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6933" CreationDate="2014-07-10T10:08:54.970" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you are speaking about a person, a thing or a place that actually exists, but whose identity is not known to the speaker, use pronouns, adjectives and adverbs combined with the particle -то: кто-то, что-то, какой-то, чей-то, почему-то, где-то, куда-то, откуда-то...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please, note that &lt;strong&gt;&quot;когда-то&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;&quot;a long time ago&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кто́-то дал мне э́тот каранда́ш, но не по́мню кто.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Somebody gave me this pencil, but I don't remember who.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вдруг отку́да-то пришёл Ва́ся.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Suddenly Vasia came from somewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you are speaking about a person, a thing or a place that hasn't yet been chosen or identifies, use pronouns, adjectives and adverbs combined with the particle -нибудь: кто-нибудь, что-нибудь, какой-нибудь, чей-нибудь, где-нибудь, куда-нибудь...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please, note that &lt;strong&gt;&quot;когда-нибудь&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;&quot;some day in the future&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я хочу́ что-нибудь почита́ть.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;I want to read something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кто́-нибу́дь зна́ет, где кни́га?&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Does anybody know where the book is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="267" LastEditDate="2014-07-10T11:02:36.057" LastActivityDate="2014-07-10T11:02:36.057" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6936" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6941" CreationDate="2014-07-10T18:14:16.057" Score="3" ViewCount="652" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there anything that can help to know which to use, i. e. verb + ending &lt;em&gt;ся&lt;/em&gt; or verb + &lt;em&gt;себя&lt;/em&gt;, or does this differ from verb to verb?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example I don't know which of these would be correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они именно этот вопрос никогда себе не задают.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они именно этим вопросом никогда не задаются.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-07-19T00:49:43.870" Title="When to use &quot;ся&quot; and when &quot;себя&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6930" CreationDate="2014-07-10T20:46:42.353" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically, most of your sentences can be used in spoken speech, with the exception of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Нам нужно масло и нужна так же вода&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's invalid, although you could say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Нам нужно масло и нужна вода, or&#xA;Нам нужно масло и так же нужна вода&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the rest of your sentences, you would usually only say the first versions in spoken speech. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Ей нравится лилия и вот эти растения&quot; &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would need to become plural by changing to &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Ей нравЯтся лилиИ и вот эти растения&quot; &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know you asked specifically for what to do with different numbers in the same clause, but you really can't say something like that, just how in English you wouldn't say &quot;She likes a lily and these plants&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, on the other hand, you wanted to say something like &quot;She likes this [specific] lily and these plants, you could say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Ей нравятся эта лилия и эти растения&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4077" LastActivityDate="2014-07-10T20:46:42.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6938" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-10T21:54:51.223" Score="9" ViewCount="308" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &quot;наверно&quot; and &quot;наверное&quot;? Is there any slight difference in their meaning or in their usage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4075" LastActivityDate="2014-07-12T18:56:51.560" Title="&quot;Наверное&quot; and &quot;наверно&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6938" CreationDate="2014-07-10T22:04:58.180" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No difference in meaning.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Usage:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Written form: &lt;code&gt;Наверное&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Oral form: &lt;code&gt;Наверно&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I doubt the last one can be seen in books, articles etc. It's illiterate writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-07-10T22:04:58.180" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6938" CreationDate="2014-07-11T09:16:18.697" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's like a &lt;code&gt;kind of&lt;/code&gt; and a &lt;code&gt;kinda&lt;/code&gt; difference. &lt;code&gt;Наверное&lt;/code&gt; is more formal, but both is acceptable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4048" LastActivityDate="2014-07-11T09:16:18.697" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6936" CreationDate="2014-07-11T09:31:02.467" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's consider these:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они именно вот этот вопрос никогда не спрашивают&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Именно вот этот вопрос никогда не спрашиваeтся&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, looks like &lt;code&gt;-ся&lt;/code&gt; suffix used in general situations when we have no particular person but want to specify how it usual was.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About word &lt;code&gt;себя&lt;/code&gt; and suffix '-ся' usage. Is not the same. Use word when you want to say something about yourself, but suffix rather used in usual/general actions. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question does not asking:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Именно вот этот вопрос никогда не спрашиваeтся&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;No one is asking this particular question&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4048" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-07-11T13:46:44.137" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6944" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6946" CreationDate="2014-07-12T05:11:44.483" Score="2" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the exact difference between those two words an especially when can &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пожелание&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; be used and the other one not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-07-12T07:43:47.063" Title="желание vs. пожелание" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6945" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6947" CreationDate="2014-07-12T07:32:49.480" Score="4" ViewCount="535" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to determine whether to use &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;значить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;означать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example are both of the following variants correct or should one prefer one over the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что значит этот знак?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Что означает этот знак?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2017-12-11T13:18:42.047" Title="значить vs. означать" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6944" CreationDate="2014-07-12T07:43:47.063" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;желание&quot; is &lt;strong&gt;wish, desire&lt;/strong&gt; in a sense that you usually asssociate with the word: something you want to happen/to have. When a djihn or a fairy grants a wish, it is usually &quot;желание&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пожелание&quot; is something you &lt;em&gt;wish someone&lt;/em&gt;. Also a very popular word for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;suggestions ,request, wish&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;often  for improvements&lt;/em&gt; (a stock phrase &quot;ваши пожелания&quot; ~ &quot;any suggestions?&quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Наши наилучшие пожелания! = Our best wishes!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Они учли наши пожелания относительно длины текста ~ They have taken our wishes/suggestions concerning the length of the text into account.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-07-12T07:43:47.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6945" CreationDate="2014-07-12T08:21:25.633" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In your example both can be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are indeed quite close in meaning. However, mind the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;означать&quot; cannot be used to express &quot;to be important&quot;: we only ever use &quot;Это много для меня значит&quot; = &quot;It means a lot to me&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;означать&quot; is not used in &quot;вот что значит&quot;: Вот что значит настоящая любовь! ~ &quot;That's what true love is!&quot; or something like that. It shows how special, important something is (as an explanation for what is happening).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, they are somewhat unequal in how they are used in their meaning &quot;to be tantamount to&quot; (&quot;Defeat means death&quot;). Though, they are both used in this meaning, so this may indeed be just a matter of style or usage with nouns/verbal phrases (&quot;Пессимизм означает крушение всех иллюзий.&quot;/&quot;Противиться року — значит противиться самому себе&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally do not like how &quot;означать&quot; sounds with infinitives, i.e. &quot;X means to see only what you want to&quot; vs &quot;Y means true happiness&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2017-12-11T13:18:42.047" LastActivityDate="2017-12-11T13:18:42.047" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6938" CreationDate="2014-07-12T18:56:51.560" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, in the speech both of these options are the same, because they sounds the same. But if you talk over the last letter clearly, it will be perceived positively. In writing &quot;наверно&quot; looks too folksy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4085" LastActivityDate="2014-07-12T18:56:51.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6950" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6951" CreationDate="2014-07-13T07:50:19.297" Score="2" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;перед Богом&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пред Богом&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If possible the answer should also associations which are linked to both variants. Apparently &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пред Богом&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is more of an &quot;old style&quot;, biblical expression, but (if so) it's hard to imagine, what this would mean exactly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastActivityDate="2014-07-15T14:46:13.163" Title="&quot;перед Богом&quot; vs. &quot;пред Богом&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6950" CreationDate="2014-07-13T08:10:30.290" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, exactly, &quot;перед Богом&quot; is a neutral expression and &quot;пред Богом&quot; is more of an &quot;old style&quot;, it is used in poetry, especially in the XIXth century. So, &quot;пред Богом&quot; is poetic and lofty style, &quot;перед Богом&quot; is neutral and modern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are the examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пе́ред&lt;/strong&gt; Бо́гом все равны́&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ка́ждый &lt;strong&gt;пред&lt;/strong&gt; Бо́гом  наг. &#xA;Жа́лок, наг и убо́г.   В ка́ждой му́зыке  Бах,   в ка́ждом из нас &#xA;Бог. (Иосиф Бродский)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phenomenon is called &quot;reduced vocalism&quot;, it was quite common in the Old Slavonic, in the Bible and in the Russian poetry: голос-глас, волосы-власы, город-град, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="104" LastEditDate="2014-07-15T14:46:13.163" LastActivityDate="2014-07-15T14:46:13.163" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6952" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-13T08:16:59.000" Score="6" ViewCount="292" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference in meaning  in the past passive voice used with or without &quot;был&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Москва основана в 1147 году.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Москва была основана в 1147 году.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4075" LastActivityDate="2014-07-19T00:32:24.050" Title="Past passive voice, with or without &quot;был&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6952" CreationDate="2014-07-13T08:41:07.983" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of course. There is no difference in your case, however, the variant without &quot;был&quot; refers to the present state. Nowadays you cannot say &quot;Советский Союз образован в 1922&quot; because Soviet Union does not exist anymore. Moscow does, so you can use both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-07-13T08:41:07.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6954" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6955" CreationDate="2014-07-13T10:25:39.153" Score="5" ViewCount="844" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1105/usage-patterns-of-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE-vs-%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE/1232#1232&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt; about надо and нужно, but how do &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;следует&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;должен&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;behave towards each other? For instance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе следует купить новую лопату.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would this sentence change, using the other verbs and what would be the order with respect to the strength of the order. Maybe there are also very common alternatives to these four verbs / cases. (The case &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тебе нужна новая лопата&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be omitted.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-07-13T12:58:50.460" Title="How does &quot;следует&quot; behave towards &quot;должен&quot;, &quot;надо&quot; and &quot;нужно&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6954" CreationDate="2014-07-13T12:58:50.460" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Должен&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (one must, one has to) is the stongest one, then comes &lt;strong&gt;&quot;следует&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (strongly recommended) and then &lt;strong&gt;&quot;нужно&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;надо&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. &quot;Нужно&quot; and &quot;надо&quot; (it is necessary) are synonyms, but I would say that &quot;нужно&quot; is slightly more formal and more used in the written speech. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the grammar, &quot;должен&quot; is used with the Nominative case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты должен купить лопату&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &quot;следует&quot;, &quot;нужно&quot; and &quot;надо&quot; are used with the Dative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тебе следует купить лопату.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тебе надо купить лопату.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тебе нужно&#xA;купить лопату.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of them can be used both with the perfective and the imperfective infinitive depending on the situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты должен купить фрукты в этом супермаркете. You have to buy fruit in this supermarket now.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты должен покупать фрукты в этом супермаркете. You always have t buy fruit in this supermarket.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also add &lt;strong&gt;&quot;обязан&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; to this list. It is used with the Nominative case and means &quot;it is obligatory, compulsory). It is even stonger than &quot;должен&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты обязан купить лопату.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-07-13T12:58:50.460" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6956" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6957" CreationDate="2014-07-14T13:41:06.180" Score="5" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed several times that Russians will sometimes invert the usual word order, for example as &lt;em&gt;мама твоя&lt;/em&gt; instead of the expected &lt;em&gt;твоя мамa&lt;/em&gt;, and today I read this caption: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...так что Марфа Игнатьевна раз навсегда давно уже поняла, что в &lt;strong&gt;советах ее&lt;/strong&gt; он совсем не нуждается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I wonder if this construction has a different interpretation, emphasis or meaning than the unmarked word order. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T15:42:03.350" Title="Interpretation of [NOUN] + [POSS. ADJ]" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6956" CreationDate="2014-07-14T15:13:38.093" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it puts a strong emphasis on the word &quot;советах&quot; in your example. It is also accompanied by a corresponding intonation that puts a stress on the word &quot;советах&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possessive pronouns are also sometimes used after nouns in literary texts (poetry and prose) and songs to make them sound more beaufitul. When used in colloquial speech, this construction is considered to be of lofty style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This construction is often used with body parts: глаза, руки, ноги...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А тепе́рь в святы́е мощи ве́рю ча́ще, чем живы́м,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  А &lt;strong&gt;в глаза́х мои́х&lt;/strong&gt; все ме́ньше синевы́. &lt;em&gt;(А.Розенбаум)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ездок оробе́лый не ска́чет, лети́т;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Младе́нец тоску́ет, младе́нец кричи́т;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ездок погоня́ет, ездок доскака́л...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;В рука́х его́&lt;/strong&gt; мёртвый младе́нец лежа́л. &lt;em&gt;(В.Жуковский)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-07-14T15:42:03.350" LastActivityDate="2014-07-14T15:42:03.350" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6958" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-14T15:38:00.483" Score="4" ViewCount="446" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference in meaning between &quot;свобода&quot; and &quot;воля&quot; and also between &quot;свободный&quot; and &quot;вольный&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4075" LastActivityDate="2014-08-02T09:08:07.230" Title="&quot;Свободный&quot; vs. &quot;вольный&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6899" CreationDate="2014-07-15T12:12:49.890" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Uh, that's difficult. As it was said, you can use imperative constructions to hide gender, but you can't use them always. Other option is plural forms (most of them are genderless), but again, you will need to explain why these creatures are called in plural form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a person with amount of LGBT friends and close to LARP community in Russia, I can say that there is always big mess with gender-specific forms words and constructions. There is no way to really avoid them...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes we use neuter, but it doesn't sound really good. Sometimes we just use masculine as &quot;default&quot; grammatical gender. By the way, in laws and contracts two workarounds are used: something like &quot;лицо, совершившее...&quot; (neuter) or things like &quot;человек должен...&quot; (masculine as default gender).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Problem with neuter is that it sounds like no gender at all, not like unknown gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe you could give some examples for better understanding of question?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2014-07-15T12:12:49.890" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6962" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6967" CreationDate="2014-07-15T14:23:02.043" Score="7" ViewCount="1682" Body="&lt;p&gt;Moжно ли с чистой совестью утверждать, что слово &quot;смысл&quot; односложное? Если нет, то есть ли другие слова, в которых количество слогов больше количества писанных гласных? Что говорят по этому поводу авторитетные источники по русскому языку?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T21:30:57.697" Title="Сколько слогов в слове &quot;смысл&quot;?" Tags="&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6963" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-15T14:29:24.080" Score="6" ViewCount="729" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between the adjectives &quot;разный&quot; and &quot;различный&quot;. Are they used in different situations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4075" LastActivityDate="2014-07-24T19:40:07.553" Title="&quot;Разный&quot; vs &quot;различный&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6963" CreationDate="2014-07-15T14:43:37.487" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are synonyms, and are interchangeable in many situations. &lt;em&gt;Разный&lt;/em&gt; is more like &lt;em&gt;different&lt;/em&gt;, whereas &lt;em&gt;различный&lt;/em&gt; is more like &lt;em&gt;various&lt;/em&gt;. When you're contrasting two objects, разный is preferable. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У нас с сестрой глаза разного цвета (My sister and I have different eye colors)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strike&gt;У нас с сестрой глаза различного цвета&lt;/strike&gt; (&lt;strike&gt;My sister and I have various eye colors&lt;/strike&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-07-15T14:43:37.487" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6965" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6971" CreationDate="2014-07-15T18:28:22.580" Score="10" ViewCount="1946" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как красиво перевести &quot;firmware&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;software - программное обеспечение;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;hardware - аппаратное обеспечение;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;firmware - ??? обеспечение?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Достаточно ли литературен термин &quot;прошивка&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1266" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-07-30T07:35:46.217" LastActivityDate="2016-08-20T09:11:53.100" Title="How do I translate &quot;firmware&quot; to Russian? / Как перевести firmware на русский язык?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;информатика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6965" CreationDate="2014-07-15T18:35:09.210" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's funny but the official term for firmware is actually &quot;программно-аппаратное обеспечение&quot; or &quot;встроенное обеспечение&quot;. But, like all the terms you've mentioned, it is very non-typical to use such terms anywhere except may be official documents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, &quot;прошивка&quot; is OK in almost all cases and currently is not limited by colloquial speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2014-07-15T18:35:09.210" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6962" CreationDate="2014-07-15T19:23:37.737" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Смотря что считать слогом. Согласно &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Википедии&lt;/a&gt; (выделение моё),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Слог — это минимальная фонетико-фонологическая единица,&#xA;  характеризующаяся наибольшей акустико-артикуляционной слитностью своих&#xA;  компонентов, то есть входящих в него звуков. &lt;strong&gt;Слог не имеет связи с&#xA;  формированием и выражением смысловых отношений. Это чисто&#xA;  произносительная единица.&lt;/strong&gt; В слоге группируются звуки разной степени&#xA;  звучности, наиболее звучные — слогообразующие, остальные — неслоговые.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть, если проще, всё сводится к тому, по какой метрике, собственно, измерять эту звучность. «Школ» слогоделения существует несколько, в вышеупомянутой статье дан хороший обзор основных. Давайте попробуем провести какой-то начальный анализ в рамках каждого подхода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Экспираторная теория слога&lt;/em&gt; Если совсем коротко, теория заключается в том, что сколько выдохов («сколько дрогнула свеча»), столько и слогов. Поднесите ладонь к лицу и произнесите «смысл» — в среднем «по палате» получится, скажем так, полтора слога; всё зависит ещё и от личных особенностей произношения — уровень экспрессии у всех разный, у некоторых на «cл» тоже получается слабый, но всё таки поддающийся детектированию выдох. Эта теория неоднократно подвергалась критике, было найдено множество контпримеров, так что она устарела.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сонорная теория слога&lt;/em&gt; под слогом понимает сочетание более сонорного (звучного) звука с менее сонорным. Тут мы опять попадаем в ловушку необходимости давать чёткие определения — что есть сонорность? Например, под это определение могут не попадать &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.km.ru/referats/79F5998AFB324194A44AEDF78E698575#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;звонкие шумные&lt;/a&gt;. Тут филологи сломали немало копий вообще и в отношении русского языка в частности. Языковед Рубен Аванесов (чьи работы в рамках этой теории считаются наиболее проработанными) создал целую теорию о закономерностях подъёмов и падений звучания, которую нет тут смысла излагать всю, конечно, но согласно этой теории в слове «смысл» два слога, но может быть и один — смотря как произносить. Кстати, по иронии судьбы Аванесов большую часть своей жизни был практически глух, что нисколько не умаляет его лингвистических заслуг.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Теория [мускульного] напряжения&lt;/em&gt; утверждает, что границей слога является те участки речи, при которых работа мышц артикуляционного аппарата максимальна. В рамках этой теории слово «смысл» всё-таки двухслоговое.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я завершу этот далеко не полный список упоминанием того факта, что есть теории, пытающиеся в той или иной мере комбинировать подходы всех вышеупомянутых (и не упомянутых) школ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;От себя я замечу, что я не филолог, поэтому споры эти мне казались всегда очень умозрительными и даже ещё более бессмысленными, чем знаменитый спор ленинградской и московской фонетических школ о существовании звука «ы» в русском. Потому что у звукораспознавания, в отличие от слогоразделения, есть вполне понятный и «осязаемый» практический аспект. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается других примеров таких «проблемных» слов, то «ау» и «сплав», упомянутые в той же статье в Википедии — хорошие кандидаты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="4833" LastEditDate="2017-12-01T21:30:57.697" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T21:30:57.697" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6963" CreationDate="2014-07-15T19:40:23.650" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In mathematics the term различный is used more often, corresponding to &quot;distinct&quot; (not &quot;various&quot;, as Armen writes) instead of &quot;different&quot;,  e.g., Пусть p и q различные простые числа (Let p and q be distinct primes).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2014-07-15T19:40:23.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6965" CreationDate="2014-07-15T19:43:37.007" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется &lt;code&gt;прошивка&lt;/code&gt; - чересчур кустарно. Так говорят в шаражках КГБ между собой клерки, но не учёные. Это не литературный термин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По аналогии &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Software - Программное обеспечени&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hardware - Оборудование / аппаратное обеспечение&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Malware - Вредоносное программное обеспечение &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Firmware - Програмное обеспечение оборудования&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4090" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2014-07-16T06:44:54.813" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T06:44:54.813" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6965" CreationDate="2014-07-15T21:33:25.530" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;Официальный термин, зафиксированный в словарях, — «Микропрограмма» (наравне с упомянутым выше «программно-аппаратным обеспечением»). Но это слово употребляется, пожалуй, лишь в отношении микроконтроллеров и прочих устройств, где эта самая микропрограмма физически прошивается программатором.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Как бы ни было неприятно пуристам, «прошивка» — уже, похоже, действительно литературный термин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2442" LastActivityDate="2014-07-15T21:33:25.530" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6917" CreationDate="2014-07-16T14:29:36.280" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dictionary I use knows nothing about both words, so I would translate &quot;lovable&quot; as &quot;привлекательный&quot; and make a noun from it. So it will be &quot;привлекательность&quot;&#xA;Same with &quot;amiableness&quot; -&gt; &quot;amiable&quot; -&gt; &quot;благожелательный&quot; -&gt; &quot;благожелательность&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that you can trace a chain like this for &quot;courteousness&quot; (-&gt; &quot;courteous&quot; -&gt; &quot;любезный&quot; -&gt; &quot;любезность&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It might not work with some words, but in main such method actually works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2014-07-16T14:29:36.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6975" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-16T20:41:52.557" Score="6" ViewCount="1667" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to translate &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;attitude / mind-set&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, when speaking about a person?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for a term which fits best, when speaking about this inner attitude of one's heart. The term should &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; refer to one's mood or things which are more related to the collective outer appearance. See also the example below. It's not so easy to explain, but I thought with some more statements it's easier to get an idea of the possibilities that Russian offers here...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A corresponding German term is &lt;em&gt;(Geistes-)Haltung&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It might be &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;отношение, мышление, поведение или позиция&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, but I'm not sure.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Other terms I've found: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ментальность, умонастроение&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a basic example of what I mean. Let's say a guy sits down in a train and takes a rather dingy newspaper which lies beside him to read it. Now another guy asks him: &quot;Why you want to read such things?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He might respond like so: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Well, maybe there's something interesting inside.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Ehm, never really thought about it. Why shouldn't I?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or like so&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Does it make any difference?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Get a life.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the attitude is reflected by words, behavior and deeds. Let's say the first answers testify to a good attitude and the latter to a poor. Let me also point out, that even a bad mood would not result in the latter answers if you have a good attitude (let's just assume that for now). So the attitude is more about something deeper. The attitude of one's heart. In the example, the answers may reveal whether the guy's heart clings to the newspaper (or things in it or the habit or reading it) or whether his heart is distant to it or just slightly leans to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What would be the Russian term for this understanding of attitude / mind-set?&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not about adjectives describing a &lt;em&gt;good attitude&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;bad attitude&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some possible hints&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как говорит прп. Иоанн Лествичник (слово 24): «Кротость есть такое &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;состояние ума&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, когда он непоколебим пребывает и в чести, и в бесчестии.... &#xA;  &lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://azbyka.ru/tserkov/duhovnaya_zhizn/osnovy/pestov_praktika_pravoslavnogo_blagochestiya_70-all.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://azbyka.ru/tserkov/duhovnaya_zhizn/osnovy/pestov_praktika_pravoslavnogo_blagochestiya_70-all.shtml&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;meekness - a &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;disposition&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to be patient and long suffering.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;sub&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefreedictionary.com/meekness&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.thefreedictionary.com/meekness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Для чистых все чисто; а для оскверненных и неверныхнет ничего чистого, но осквернены и &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ум&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; их и совесть. &lt;sub&gt;Титу 1:15&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorUserId="6953" LastEditorDisplayName="user3538" LastEditDate="2016-06-07T15:30:16.670" LastActivityDate="2020-02-27T02:42:57.737" Title="Translation of &quot;attitude of a person&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="11" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6965" CreationDate="2014-07-17T02:36:15.320" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если непременно необходимо использовать что-то иное от &quot;прошивка&quot;, то я бы перевёл &quot;firmware&quot; как &quot;базовое программное обеспечение&quot;, так как по сути это такой расширенный &quot;BIOS&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4097" LastActivityDate="2014-07-17T02:36:15.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6975" CreationDate="2014-07-17T06:45:49.377" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Поведение' refers to visible actions, however, 'Холодное поведение' is not a common expression, usually 'вести себя холодно' is used. Actually, 'обсуждать поведение' is a bit formal, 'обсуждать как себя вести' is more common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Настроение' generally refers to internal, non-permanent mood, so 'У нее настроение быть сволочью' may be translated 'She is in a mood to be a bitch right now'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Мышление' refers to the process of thinking or to internal view, so 'cynical attitude' would be translated as 'Циничное мышление'. However, it is not common to use the word in the second meaning, 'образ мышления' is usually used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;bottom up: no direct general translation, 'поведение' for visible actions, 'образ мысшления' (or more colloquial 'образ мыслей') for views and thoughts. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он ведет себя холодно / Его поведение холодно (very awkward) / Он холоден. - He has cold attitude&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Отставить пессиместичный образ мыслей / Отставить пессиместичное мышление - stop having pessimistic attitude.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note, however, that both 'мышление' and 'поведение' are words, used in formal situations and are rarely used in colloquial speech, unless they are part of an idiom. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="334" LastEditDate="2014-07-17T17:52:23.307" LastActivityDate="2014-07-17T17:52:23.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6958" CreationDate="2014-07-18T04:46:43.783" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вольный&lt;/code&gt; is based on &lt;code&gt;воля&lt;/code&gt; root which could be translated as &lt;code&gt;will&lt;/code&gt; noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Свободный&lt;/code&gt; could be synonym has also another meaning &lt;code&gt;empty&lt;/code&gt; related to space.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Свобода&lt;/code&gt; is about freedom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Воля&lt;/code&gt; is rather about free will, but could be used as antonym to captivity too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4048" LastActivityDate="2014-07-18T04:46:43.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6980" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6975" CreationDate="2014-07-18T08:48:04.597" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say образ мышления.&#xA;Мышление is a bit more general term and it means thinking. The result of мышление is a thought.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether образ мышления determines our life priorities, purposes and its result is the way we act.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3802" LastActivityDate="2014-07-18T08:48:04.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6962" CreationDate="2014-07-18T14:43:43.947" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Согласно традиционной системе, принятой в русском языке, количество слогов равно количеству гласных. Таким образом, в слове один слог.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-07-18T14:43:43.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6982" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6975" CreationDate="2014-07-18T20:03:35.390" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы в данном случае перевел &lt;em&gt;attitude&lt;/em&gt; как &lt;em&gt;настрой&lt;/em&gt;, соответственно &lt;em&gt;good attitude&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;позитивный настрой&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;bad attitude&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;негативный настрой&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2014-07-18T20:03:35.390" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6952" CreationDate="2014-07-19T00:32:24.050" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The easiest analogy is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Moscow was founded in 1147. (w/o быть)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Moscow has been founded in 1147. (w быть)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4103" LastActivityDate="2014-07-19T00:32:24.050" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6936" CreationDate="2014-07-19T00:49:43.870" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reflexive suffix &lt;code&gt;-ся&lt;/code&gt; can be described as middle or mediopassive voice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He shaved and brushed his teeth.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &lt;code&gt;to shave&lt;/code&gt; is used in a way similar to middle voice. Reflexively. We don't need to specify that he shaved himself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reflexive pronoun &lt;code&gt;себя&lt;/code&gt; (in accusative case) represents a specified direct object which is the agent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он побрился&lt;/code&gt; is the same as &lt;code&gt;He shaved&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;Он увидел себя&lt;/code&gt; is the same as &lt;code&gt;He saw himself&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to how to differenciate the cases in which to use the suffix or the pronoun you really just need to remember the &lt;code&gt;-ся&lt;/code&gt; verbs. They generally have a completely different meaning so you'll have to learn them anyway. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я увидел себя с ней. - I saw myself with her.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я увиделся с ней. - I met her. or I saw her.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4103" LastActivityDate="2014-07-19T00:49:43.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6985" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-19T13:09:21.303" Score="8" ViewCount="934" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the etymology of восемь and девять?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4105" LastActivityDate="2014-11-30T03:00:46.933" Title="What is the etymology of восемь and	девять?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="11" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6986" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6988" CreationDate="2014-07-19T14:15:24.887" Score="6" ViewCount="791" Body="&lt;p&gt;How should I go about placing the question mark in a question with a dash?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И где тогда та обещанная весёлая комапния, если Серёга ещё не пришёл,&#xA;  Лёха уже ушёл, а Витя фактически отсутствует – его действительно не&#xA;  поймать ни дома, ни на работе, ни в институте&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question should be about where the весёлая комапния is, which is the first clause in the sentence, but I am a bit reluctant to place the question mark in the end of this sentence as it may look then that the question is about whether it is possible to catch Витя, which is the second clause in the sentence, that is, the one following the dash ( – ). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Please, don't give me suggestions on how to rephrase my question-example. I myself know how to do that, but I need to know the rules for this particular case. Imagine that this question is a part of transcription, in which you are only allowed to do your own  punctuation, but you are not allowed to change or omit words, or change the word order. And, please, don't omit the dash) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2014-07-20T01:27:26.607" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T01:23:55.440" Title="Placing the question mark in a question with a dash" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6986" CreationDate="2014-07-19T14:51:09.170" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this sentence it is quite clear that the dash introduces an explanation of why Vitia is always absent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if you put a question mark in the end of the whole sentence I wouldn't interpret it as a question about whether it is possible to catch Vitia. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, the only solution here is to put a question mark at the end, and this question mark will refer to the question: &quot;where весёлая компания is&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="267" LastEditDate="2014-07-19T17:11:19.073" LastActivityDate="2014-07-19T17:11:19.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6989" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-19T17:14:34.320" Score="2" ViewCount="519" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between the expressions &quot;один и тот же&quot; and &quot;тот же самый&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это один и тот же дом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это тот же самый дом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4075" LastActivityDate="2014-07-19T22:17:51.160" Title="&quot;Один и тот же&quot; vs. &quot;тот же самый&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6989" CreationDate="2014-07-19T22:17:51.160" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is at least the following difference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;один и тот же&lt;/strong&gt; ~ the object that is one and the same. Right now, with all you have: some objects you are talking about are in fact one object.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;тот же самый&lt;/strong&gt; ~ the same object (as something else)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &quot;Это один и тот же дом&quot; only makes sense when you are, for example, pointing at two pictures of houses and claim &quot;This is the same house!&quot;. There is no comparison because there is nothing to compare to: what you have now — is all that matters. Note that in such situation you cannot say &quot;This is the same house as...!&quot; because there is no &quot;...&quot; in your situation, only two photos that &lt;em&gt;match&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise (if you are referring to your previous dialogue or some visit to the house) you use &quot;Это тот же самый дом&quot; ~ &quot;It is the same house&quot; (as before). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to use &quot;один и тот же&quot;, then you are forced to include the full explanation &quot;Этот дом и тот, в котором я был вчера, по-моему — один и тот же дом&quot; (This house and the one I was inside yesterday are, I think, one and the same house).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-07-19T22:17:51.160" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6986" CreationDate="2014-07-20T06:36:52.243" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the sense of whole sentence is questioning it doesn't matter if the last part is a statement or not, you should use question mark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4097" LastActivityDate="2014-07-20T06:36:52.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6992" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="6994" CreationDate="2014-07-20T12:06:57.840" Score="2" ViewCount="102" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need to place a comma after the word &lt;strong&gt;бóльшая&lt;/strong&gt; here?:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А что до &quot;геологов&quot; (уверен, что большáя, если не &lt;strong&gt;бóльшая&lt;/strong&gt; часть из них&#xA;  никогда не были профессиональными геологами), то я им просто не верю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2014-07-20T15:09:19.223" LastActivityDate="2014-07-20T21:58:06.277" Title="Comma in such phrases like &quot;большáя, если не бóльшая часть&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6992" CreationDate="2014-07-20T14:17:08.047" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the comma after &lt;em&gt;бо́льшая&lt;/em&gt; would not be superfluous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(уверен, что большáя, если не бóльшая, часть из них никогда не были профессиональными геолагами)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The general empirical rule is that: if you can cut some clause out of sentence without losing grammatical and semantic consistency, it should be enclosed in some punctuation symbols (usually commas) on both sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there would not be parentheses already, you can also enclose если-clause in them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...уверен, что большáя (если не бóльшая) часть из них никогда не были профессиональными геолагами...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since I cannot find this very case in any grammar guide, a couple of quotes from publications, which had undoubtedly passed excellent proofreading, would be suitable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...в которой Бернштейн ревизовал теорию Маркса и заявлял, что значительная&lt;b&gt;,&lt;/b&gt; если не бо́льшая&lt;b&gt;,&lt;/b&gt; часть действующих в России социал-демократов якобы решительно присоединилась к его точке зрения...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [В. И. Ленин. ПСС, том 4 — М.:Политиздат, 1969 — С. IX]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В этом состоит главнейшее&lt;b&gt;,&lt;/b&gt; если не единственное&lt;b&gt;,&lt;/b&gt; средство окончательно преодолеть капитализм и привычки, созданные господством частной собственности на средства производства.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [В. И. Ленин. ПСС, том 38 — М.:Политиздат, 1969 — С. 119]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...такие объекты, если они вообще пригодны для обороны, могут быть приспособлены к оказанию не меньшего&lt;b&gt;,&lt;/b&gt; если не большего&lt;b&gt;,&lt;/b&gt; сопротивления, чем любое полевое укрепление, сооруженное по всем правилам военного искусства.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [К. Маркс и Ф. Энгельс. Сочинения, том 14 — М.:Политиздат, 1959 — С. 273]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...уже проделав в течение трех месяцев — первых самых трудных трех месяцев — работу по организации, имея неплохие шансы получить еще один &lt;b&gt;—&lt;/b&gt; если не два &lt;b&gt;—&lt;/b&gt; месяц передышки...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [К. Маркс и Ф. Энгельс. Сочинения, том 17 — М.:Политиздат, 1960 — С. 205]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note the last – если-clause is enclosed not in commas but in dashes. Why? Most probably because grammatical number of &lt;em&gt;два&lt;/em&gt; is not matched to &lt;em&gt;месяц&lt;/em&gt;. In other examples both adjectives – before and after &lt;em&gt;если не&lt;/em&gt; – are in concord with determined word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P. S. Yep, I use canonical editions of Classics of Marxism as grammar reference book :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-07-20T21:58:06.277" LastActivityDate="2014-07-20T21:58:06.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6995" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-20T15:32:29.567" Score="4" ViewCount="440" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I still have to use the particle &quot;ли&quot; if I already have &quot;или&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он не сказал, будет ли он есть или нет.&#xA;Vs.&#xA;Он не сказал, будет он есть или нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4075" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T06:47:10.533" Title="Usage of the particle &quot;ли&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6995" CreationDate="2014-07-20T17:46:09.920" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, this is considered as superfluous, so the second («Он не сказал, будет он есть или нет») will do. However, if you don't have the «или нет» part, the «ли» is to be used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он не сказал, будет ли он есть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2442" LastActivityDate="2014-07-20T17:46:09.920" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6997" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-20T20:25:10.360" Score="5" ViewCount="389" Body="&lt;p&gt;This phrase appears in the name of this Counter Strike video: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTGisg5UPSE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTGisg5UPSE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4107" LastEditorUserId="4107" LastEditDate="2014-07-20T20:37:46.490" LastActivityDate="2014-07-20T22:17:09.840" Title="What does донный стрим mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6997" CreationDate="2014-07-20T21:29:42.160" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Стрим&lt;/em&gt; is nothing more than ‘[video] stream’. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;До́нный&lt;/em&gt; is regular adjective from &lt;em&gt;дно́&lt;/em&gt;. And &lt;em&gt;дно&lt;/em&gt; – literal ‘bottom [of river, sea or some container]’ – is also as an epithet for something like abyss of despair / despondency / poverty / etc (cf. Russian classic play by Maxim Gorky titled &lt;em&gt;‘На дне’&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in gamers’ slang it somehow became a word for a person who is extremely bad gamer or his style of game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A kind of Russian version of ‘Urbandictionary’ – teenslang.su – &lt;a href=&quot;http://teenslang.su/id/12970&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;defines &lt;em&gt;дно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дно,  -а, ср. (геймеры)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  значение (1): оскорбление, попытка сказать что-то более страшное, чем слово нуб.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  значение (2): в широком смысле — низшая степень чего-либо.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  пример текста: &lt;em&gt;Яша, ты дно, нах ты бару брал, если ты им никуя не умеешь.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  синонимы: &lt;em&gt;нуб&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also you may take a look at for instance &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.worldoftanks.ru/index.php?/topic/442547-%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5-%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this thread&lt;/a&gt; on forum of ‘World of Tanks’ (popular MMORPG in ex-Soviet Union).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дно&lt;/em&gt; in that meaning is no less common with augmentative suffix &lt;em&gt;-ищ-&lt;/em&gt; – &lt;em&gt;дни́ще&lt;/em&gt;. Even more strong but still common phrase is &lt;em&gt;дни́ще ёбаное&lt;/em&gt; (mat, yes).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P. S. Now I found an &lt;a href=&quot;http://wikireality.ru/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article on Wikireality&lt;/a&gt; which explains the origin of term and says that it went beyond gamers’ slang, but it does not matter in a context of your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-07-20T22:17:09.840" LastActivityDate="2014-07-20T22:17:09.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="6999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6995" CreationDate="2014-07-21T06:47:10.533" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your both examples is acceptable, however in &lt;code&gt;Он не сказал, будет ли он есть или нет.&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;или нет&lt;/code&gt; is redundant. &lt;code&gt;ли&lt;/code&gt; is like &lt;code&gt;whether&lt;/code&gt; which implies &lt;code&gt;or not&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4048" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T06:47:10.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7001" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7002" CreationDate="2014-07-21T14:47:38.043" Score="3" ViewCount="310" Body="&lt;p&gt;My textbook has the sentence, «Мы живём в гостинице, которую построили финны.»  Given that который is in feminine here, I assume they're it refers to гостиница.  What is the reasoning for который being in the accusative case in this sentence?  I don't understand what verb has гостиница, and thus который, as an object in this sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3765" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T15:03:01.447" Title="Why accusative case for который?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7001" CreationDate="2014-07-21T15:03:01.447" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe a translation will help:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We live in a hotel, which the Finns have built.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you were to turn the subordinate clause into a stand-alone sentence, you would get:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Финны построили гостиницу. (The Finns have built the hotel.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sentence &lt;code&gt;гостиница&lt;/code&gt; is the object of &lt;code&gt;построили&lt;/code&gt;, and it must be in the accusative case. Hence &lt;code&gt;которую&lt;/code&gt; is also in accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2014-07-21T15:03:01.447" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6975" CreationDate="2014-07-22T08:22:09.737" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For me it is &lt;em&gt;отношение&lt;/em&gt;. Yes, it is a multipurpose word, but we use it in this meaning in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2014-07-22T08:22:09.737" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6985" CreationDate="2014-07-22T14:17:40.997" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the past (18 century and earlier) Russain peoples said &quot;осемь&quot;, not &quot;восемь.&quot;&#xA;They said &quot;Осемнадцать&quot;, не &quot;восемнадцать&quot;. Now do not speak. But retained the word &quot;осьминог&quot; ~ Octopus. &quot;Осьминог&quot;, not &quot;Восьминог&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Восемь ~ осьмь ~ octo&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4115" LastActivityDate="2014-07-22T14:17:40.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6985" CreationDate="2014-07-22T17:36:46.420" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both words come from Indo-European roots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is quite easy to see it if you use Baltic/Germanic languages as proxy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, Latvian/Lithuanian astoņi/aštuonì have roots in Proto-baltic aštō-, which apparently is very similar to Germanic -acht and comes down to the Indo-European oḱtṓ-. Considering things above the Old Church Slavonic osmĭ for &quot;eight&quot; fits beautifully into set. &quot;os&quot; just got &quot;в&quot; added at the front which is typical for Belarussian language and Ukrainian language (not sure if for the whole or just its dialects).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4064" LastActivityDate="2014-07-22T17:36:46.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7008" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7009" CreationDate="2014-07-23T07:24:52.920" Score="14" ViewCount="1495" Body="&lt;p&gt;В обсуждении вопроса о &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/6965/551&quot;&gt;переводе firmware&lt;/a&gt; на русский язык мнения о слове &quot;прошивка&quot; разделились. Кто-то утверждают что это слэнг, другие утверждают что это уже литературное слово.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но у меня возник вопрос - каким образом слово &quot;прошивка&quot; стало обозначать программу, которая управляет устройством и которую не так-то просто поменять, хотя и можно это сделать затратив дополнительные усилия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Итак, почему &quot;прошивка&quot;, что здесь &quot;шьется&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поиск слова прошивка в Национальном корпусе показывает что слово изначально было связано с шитьем и украшением одежды. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Затем это слово упоминается в смысле &quot;проделывание и обработка отверстий в металле&quot;, затем &quot;прожигание отверстий лазером в рубине&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Связано ли появление слова &quot;прошивка&quot; с проделыванием каких-либо отверстий для сохранения программы? Или с выжиганием лазером &quot;лишней&quot; электроники (контактов, транзисторов и т.п.)? Или оно каким-либо образом переосмысливает другой процесс из техники?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-07-23T08:22:56.437" Title="Как возникло слово &quot;прошивка&quot; в смысле firmware (программа в телефоне, читалке, другом гаджете)?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;информатика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7008" CreationDate="2014-07-23T08:19:43.743" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;Действительно, для программирования компьютеров (или как их тогда называли ЭВМ) использовались методы основанные на идее пробивания отверстий (перфокарты, перфоленты) или выжигания &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROM&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;лишних связей&lt;/a&gt;. И в принципе здесь была возможна &amp;quot;коррекция&amp;quot; (перепрошивка) - иногда можно было изменить записанную таким образом информацию пробив дополнительные отверстия или удалив существующие связи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако, как оказалось, аналогия была взята прямо из &lt;a href=&quot;http://zhevak.wordpress.com/2013/11/23/%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%85/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;процесса шитья&lt;/a&gt;, а не как термин из другой технической отрасли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дело в том, что еще до использования микросхем, один из вариантов памяти для вычислительных машин был основан на использовании &amp;quot;ферритовых сердечников&amp;quot;, - проще говоря, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.computer-museum.ru/books/ural_ferit/first.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;намагниченных металлических колец&lt;/a&gt;. Программирование постоянной памяти, основанной на этой технологии, состояло в том, что специальной иглой пропускали проволоку только в те кольца, которые должны были хранить логическую &amp;quot;1&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чтобы монтажницам было легче находить нужные кольца, на матрицу этих колец наклеивали кальку со схемой и работницы &amp;quot;пришивали&amp;quot; проволокой эту кальку к основе используя иглу. Прямая ассоциация с шитьем привела к появлению слова &amp;quot;прошивка&amp;quot;, а затем это слово стало официальным термином. Вот например, статьи из &lt;a href=&quot;http://polytechnic_ru_en.enacademic.com/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Русско-английского политехнического словаря&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://polytechnic_ru_en.enacademic.com/46708&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;прошивка матрицы запоминающего устройства&lt;/a&gt; weaving of a wire through a matrix&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://polytechnic_ru_en.enacademic.com/46706/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;наносить обмотку на феррит методом прошивки вчт.&lt;/a&gt; — wind a core by a sewing technique&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Интересно что здесь возможна и &amp;quot;перепрошивка&amp;quot; - достаточно удалить старую проволоку и пропустить новую через другие ферритовые сердечники.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Кстати в Википедии есть статья о &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;прошивке&lt;/a&gt; в которой тоже упоминаются П- и Ш-образные ферритовые сердечники (т.е. не кольца), но это уже более поздняя технология.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Судьбу этого слова после того как ферритовые сердечники вышли из употребления я не проследил, хотя на радиофоруме &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.radioscanner.ru/forum/topic35682.html#msg532491&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;нашелся пост&lt;/a&gt;, в котором автор рассказывает как прошивал память на ферритовых сердечниках в конце 90-х.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но в 1994 году в журнале &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gus.biysk.ru/Radiolubitel/1994/1994-02.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Радиолюбитель&amp;quot; № 2/94&lt;/a&gt; в статье об апгрейде компьютера &amp;quot;Спектрум-48&amp;quot; до &amp;quot;Спектрум-128&amp;quot; (страницы 9 и 10) слово &amp;quot;прошивка&amp;quot; употребляется очень активно:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Прошивка 27256 в схемах рис. 3 (в,г) также должна иметь в начальных адресах &amp;quot;нулевую&amp;quot; страницу, но если это не так и нет возможности &amp;quot;перешить&amp;quot; микросхему, то сигнал A14 (ROM) необходимо проинвертировать, например, через К555ЛН1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для &amp;quot;маленьких&amp;quot; контроллеров лучше применить схемы рис. 3(в,г) с установкой дополнительных микросхем DD47 с прошивкой TR-DOS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В остальных случаях лучше иметь прошивку ПЗУ с функцией TAPE TESTER, которая позволит, кроме всего прочего, правильно настроить магнитофон при вводе программ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С 2002 года Национальный корпус находит слово &amp;quot;прошивка&amp;quot; в различных популярных журналах: для автолюбителей (&amp;quot;Автопилот&amp;quot;) и о дизайне интерьеров (&amp;quot;Homes &amp;amp; Gardens&amp;quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если только на него не установили блок управления впрыском чешского производства: потомки бравого солдата Швейка намудрили с «прошивкой» ― на Octavia c немецкими моторами он иногда «глючит». [Николай Качурин. Гей, славяне! (2002) // «Автопилот», 2002.06.15]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К слову, эта прошивка неважно поддерживает и протокол GPRS. [Николай Качурин. Опыт: Воспользоваться услугой GPRS // «Автопилот», 2002]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Непременно сверьте серийный номер телефона, так называемый IMEI, в трех местах: на коробке, на самом аппарате под аккумулятором и в прошивке ― этот номер вызывается командой *#06# с клавиатуры любого мобильного телефона. [Вадим Логинов. Ищу связь, брак не предлагать (2002) // «Homes &amp;amp; Gardens», 2002.04.15]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А журнал &amp;quot;Наука и жизнь&amp;quot;, который славится своим консерватизмом по поводу терминологии, тем не менее использует это слово в статьях, опубликованных в 2006 и 2007 году (по-моему это признание его литературности):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В одном из окон программа может сообщить вам, что новых версий прошивки для вашего смартфона пока нет, и предложит переустановить вашу версию. [Р. Бокоев. Смартфон или телефон? // «Наука и жизнь», 2007]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Во-первых, здесь имеется некоторый объем постоянной памяти (обычно от 16 до 48 Мб), где хранится изначальная «прошивка» операционной системы и стандартных приложений, и эта информация используется для загрузки системы при первом включении или при полном перезапуске КПК. [Д. Усенков. Электронный помощник в кармане // «Наука и жизнь», 2006]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-07-23T08:19:43.743" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6985" CreationDate="2014-07-23T20:10:08.113" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Восемь comes from PIE &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;o̯ectou&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Девять comes from PIE &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯neun&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;en, n̥, em, m̥ -&gt; ę (and later -&gt; Russian я) change is common for Slavic, so regularly it should produce (accounting for the ti-suffix) &lt;em&gt;невять&lt;/em&gt; rather than &lt;em&gt;девять&lt;/em&gt;, but the influence of the word for ten, &lt;em&gt;десять&lt;/em&gt; changed the initial consonant to d-.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly the word for eight came under influence from the word for seven. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-11-30T03:00:46.933" LastActivityDate="2014-11-30T03:00:46.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7011" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7012" CreationDate="2014-07-24T00:30:12.953" Score="3" ViewCount="1801" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have already learnt German as a foreign language and so have developed a good understanding of the case system [Nom, Gen, Dat, Acc] - my native language not utilising this system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian, of course, uses different cases for some verbs compared to German. I have two questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) are there any tips, rules, generalisations people can explain in order to obtain a 'feeling' for cases in Russian? Explained in terms of indirect/direct objects, motion, position and emotions even, perhaps?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) can somebody recommend a few sources where I can look up verbs, where this information is also given? I have Big Silver Book of Russian Verbs, which does a great job, with all conjugations, examples and also the possible cases for each verb. However, there are sadly 'only' 500 verbs in the book, which is not quite enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.s - I hate relying on Google Translate or other translators to translate my example sentences correctly into the correct case, as they are usually unreliable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3745" LastActivityDate="2014-07-24T14:35:05.680" Title="Cases taken by verbs" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;resources&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7011" CreationDate="2014-07-24T14:35:05.680" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, there's no short answer to this question. In a lot of verbs, you'll find that English and Russian agree on an accusative (direct) object, and even on a dative (indirect) object. The latter are obviously verbs of giving, sending, transferring, etc. and won't be difficult to spot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in other verbs, the case of the complement has to be learned. For instance, the verb помочь (help) takes a dative object in Russian (as in German), but an accusative one in English: &lt;strong&gt;Я могу помочь тебе с этим&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;em&gt;I can help you with this&lt;/em&gt;. Interestingly, учить (to teach) takes an accusative student and a dative subject. Perhaps in the Russian logic, teaching is viewed as an instance of &lt;em&gt;leading&lt;/em&gt; someone to(wards) something: &lt;strong&gt;Я учу его русскому языку&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;em&gt;I'm teaching him Russian&lt;/em&gt;. Finally, the verb наслаждаться (to enjoy) takes an instrumental object: &lt;strong&gt;Наслаждайся моментом!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Enjoy the moment!&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Carpe diem&lt;/em&gt;). This all may seem random at first, but as you continue to learn verbs and read more Russian, you will develop a feel for the actions that are accomplished &lt;em&gt;by means of&lt;/em&gt; (instrument) an object, for example, and it will make sense. I guess it helps to start thinking like a Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for sources, the dictionaries &lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Яндекс&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lingvo-online.ru/ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Abbyy Lingvo&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.pons.com/translate&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;PONS&lt;/a&gt; all give information on the objects and complements of verbs. Usually in the form of кого/что for accusative, кому/чему for dative, кем/чем for instrumental, etc. They also give perfective and imperfective pairs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However my favorite conjugation website by far is &lt;a href=&quot;http://rifmovnik.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rifmovnik&lt;/a&gt;. You have to enter the verb, then choose СЛОВОФОРМЫ from the drop-down menu. It will conjugate one aspect, and provide a link to the conjugation of the corresponding perfective or imperfective. Additionally, you can enter any form of any part of speech and it will take you to the entire paradigm of the word in question. This is helpful when you see a conjugated or declined form, but have no idea what the citation (dictionary) form is. It also indicates stress throughout, which is invaluable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a course of further study, it helps immensely to have an understanding of the function and meaning of the plethora verb prefixes used in the Russian verb system. If your Russian is advanced enough, this is an extremely informative and easy to follow PDF on the subject: &lt;a href=&quot;http://library.tuit.uz/knigiPDF/121.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Изучение глагольных приставок&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck and enjoy!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-07-24T14:35:05.680" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6958" CreationDate="2014-07-24T16:10:44.363" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;свобода (свободный) и воля (вольный)&lt;/code&gt; have &lt;a href=&quot;http://xn----8sbauh0beb7ai9bh.xn--p1ai/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;many meanings&lt;/a&gt;. And only few of them are synonymous. Let's take a look at those synonymous meanings by way of examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;вольный/свободный народ/люди/жизнь&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;вольный ветер&lt;/code&gt; - I wouldn't use &lt;code&gt;свободный&lt;/code&gt; here &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strike&gt;&lt;code&gt;вольная&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strike&gt;/&lt;code&gt;свободная продажа, по&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strike&gt;&lt;code&gt;вольным&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strike&gt;/&lt;code&gt;свободным ценам&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;волен/свободен поступать, как хочет&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;слишком свободное/вольное поведение&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;свободные движения, свободное дыхание, свободно говорить по-французски&lt;/code&gt; - can't be replaced with &lt;code&gt;вольный&lt;/code&gt; here&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the main difference to my mind is that &lt;code&gt;свобода&lt;/code&gt; means that there are &lt;strong&gt;barriers&lt;/strong&gt; and the subject is free from them. So usually we don't say &lt;code&gt;свободный ветер&lt;/code&gt; because you can't possibly imagine barriers for a wind. But movements, breath, speech can be restricted and so you can be free from limitations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likewise &lt;code&gt;воля&lt;/code&gt; has a hidden connotation that the subject &lt;strong&gt;wants&lt;/strong&gt; something (that's his will and hence the freedom to do it). So a wind is free to go wherever it wants and we say &lt;code&gt;вольный&lt;/code&gt; to add human features such as will, willfulness, playfulness to the wind. And we can't say &lt;code&gt;вольное дыхание&lt;/code&gt; because we breath, move, speak a foreign language not &lt;a href=&quot;http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/voluntarily&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;voluntarily&lt;/a&gt; , at least not in the big sense. And will is attributable only to &lt;strong&gt;humans&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One other thing worth mentioning here in this comparison is that &lt;code&gt;воля, вольный&lt;/code&gt; are less frequent words. Don't use them unless you really know what you want to say. &lt;code&gt;свободный ветер&lt;/code&gt; sounds almost fine, unlike &lt;code&gt;вольное дыхание&lt;/code&gt;, which is ridiculous since breathing is a process not a human being.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastEditorUserId="1671" LastEditDate="2014-07-30T12:50:46.813" LastActivityDate="2014-07-30T12:50:46.813" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7014" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6963" CreationDate="2014-07-24T16:49:26.183" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best way to find the difference is to try to replace them with each other in different contexts and see what happens ;-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;У нас разные мнения&lt;/code&gt; - our views are different but most likely they do not contradict&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;У нас различные мнения&lt;/code&gt; - our views very likely contradict each other&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Занят разными/различными делами&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;два различных предмета&lt;/code&gt; - from an example &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, you can see the opposition more clearly when 2 is used&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my conclusion is that these are synonyms but you should consider &lt;code&gt;различный&lt;/code&gt; if you want to underline the &lt;strong&gt;opposition / contrast / contradiction / conflict&lt;/strong&gt; of some qualities or features. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Think of &lt;code&gt;различный&lt;/code&gt; as of a word in the same semantic field as the words: &lt;code&gt;различаться, различие&lt;/code&gt;. In Enlish it is &lt;strong&gt;differ, different, difference&lt;/strong&gt; while &lt;code&gt;разный&lt;/code&gt; is more like &lt;strong&gt;various, not similar&lt;/strong&gt; but can also mean &lt;strong&gt;different&lt;/strong&gt; because &lt;code&gt;разный&lt;/code&gt; has a wider semantic field and is a more frequent word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastEditorUserId="1671" LastEditDate="2014-07-24T19:40:07.553" LastActivityDate="2014-07-24T19:40:07.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7016" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7020" CreationDate="2014-07-25T15:45:43.737" Score="10" ViewCount="457" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need a word or simple noun phrase that describes the sound made by a spring when it is suddenly released. Any help? The word will serve as a title for the sound below. The sound is more for social entertainment than technical considerations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the sound: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.permusoft.com/spring.wav&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.permusoft.com/spring.wav&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it make sense to simply transliterate 'boing'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is for an iPhone app. Here is a screenshot of the English version. In the app, if you touch the red button then the sound is played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gMVRz.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4128" LastEditorUserId="4128" LastEditDate="2014-07-25T19:58:31.810" LastActivityDate="2014-07-27T11:46:14.837" Title="Onomatopoeia for &quot;boing!&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="19" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7017" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7016" CreationDate="2014-07-25T18:15:27.070" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I'm not mistaken, I've seen the word &lt;strong&gt;БЗДЫНЬ&lt;/strong&gt; used in reference to a gong, a bell and a spring in cartoons. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let the natives confirm (I'm American :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-07-25T18:15:27.070" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7016" CreationDate="2014-07-25T19:25:12.853" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I can imagine the sound of suddenly released spring, I can recall nothing  but &lt;em&gt;вжик&lt;/em&gt;, which is also good for the sound of blade cutting the air, or flying arrow or bullet, or any other sharp high sound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То утром, то поздним вечером ... на реке щелкала, &lt;em&gt;вжи́кала пружина&lt;/em&gt; стартера, начинал тонко трещать мотор, и на заводь выползала лодка. [Олег Куваев. Правила бегства]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Рванул он, молния чиркнула, а из папки – &lt;em&gt;вжик пружина&lt;/em&gt; змейкой. Выпросталась пружинка, раскачивается, трепещет, как деликатный, европейкого стандарта фаллос... [Михаил Дайнека. Пасынки Гиппократа]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If &lt;em&gt;boing&lt;/em&gt; is low sound &lt;em&gt;вжик&lt;/em&gt; would not fit as translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-07-25T19:25:12.853" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6975" CreationDate="2014-07-25T20:31:59.367" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I understood correctly the question, the word &quot;мировоспрятие&quot; is a good candidate for an answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3727" LastActivityDate="2014-07-25T20:31:59.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7016" CreationDate="2014-07-25T22:18:37.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the only thing you need is a label for that exactly record for an app, which merely play it along with other random sounds, rather than attempting to recall some Russian onomatopoeia associated with spring (which, afaik, does not exist), I’ve listened your record fifty times in a row trying to abstract away from what I knew about it from you. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I will tell you that the sound per se is no more a sound of spring than a vibration of a string or elastic band or anything else. Actually, it is most looks like &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/tyJeCpSvqUA?t=10s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;варган&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; – the primitive folk instrument which is common all over Eurasia: from Kirghiz steppes to the Far North.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, forget about the spring. Simple &lt;em&gt;дынь&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;дон&lt;/em&gt;, which are pure sound imitation and have no any particular sense, describes that very sound quite properly. No meaning – no any possibility for misunderstanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And finally: there is nothing wrong to invent your own onomatopoeia. As far as I understand, you said that the /bɔɪŋ/ is good approximation of that sound. Perfect, let it be &lt;em&gt;боннь&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastActivityDate="2014-07-25T22:18:37.803" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7016" CreationDate="2014-07-26T00:07:11.030" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Got some feedback from a linguist at Stanford. She says the spring sound people would identify with is 'дрынь' (dreen') with a rolled r. What you might find in a cartoon, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4130" LastActivityDate="2014-07-26T00:07:11.030" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7022" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7023" CreationDate="2014-07-26T10:05:38.387" Score="7" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она использует плед в качестве занавеса.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Она использует плед как занавеса.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is this example correct and does &lt;em&gt;как&lt;/em&gt; require the genitive here?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are these two expressions interchangable?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there another common way to express the same?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user3538" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-07-26T20:12:16.880" LastActivityDate="2014-07-27T11:21:56.550" Title="Usage of “как” in the sense of “в качестве”" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7022" CreationDate="2014-07-26T10:29:34.227" Score="5" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second sentence is wrong, &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't require the genitive, it never requires any specific case. In the construction &lt;code&gt;Х как Y&lt;/code&gt;, the Y noun phrase should be &lt;em&gt;in the same case&lt;/em&gt; as the X noun phrase, and the case of X is defined by what precedes it, that is by the usual case rules of the sentence/phrase it is used in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your first sentence the word &lt;strong&gt;плед&lt;/strong&gt; is in the accusative since it is the direct object of the verb &lt;strong&gt;использует&lt;/strong&gt;, so &lt;strong&gt;занавес&lt;/strong&gt; should also be in the accusative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она использует плед как занавес.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yes, you can use &lt;strong&gt;вместо&lt;/strong&gt; 'instead':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она использует плед вместо занавеса.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &lt;strong&gt;занавеса&lt;/strong&gt; is in the genitive, because the preposition &lt;strong&gt;вместо&lt;/strong&gt; always needs the genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-07-26T10:29:34.227" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7024" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7025" CreationDate="2014-07-26T15:54:11.483" Score="1" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that впору has another idiomatic meaning, aside from &quot;fitting just right,&quot; as seen in this example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Речь профессора Стебль была едва слышна — дождь барабанил по крыше&#xA;  теплицы так, что граду &lt;strong&gt;впору&lt;/strong&gt; позавидовать.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in this one: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Невилл, брось обертку в урну, она тебе их столько надавала, что &lt;strong&gt;впору&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  уже комнату обклеивать.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could someone please explain this usage and perhaps give me a few more examples in plain language? Also, is this literary or colloquial? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2014-07-31T02:47:01.697" LastActivityDate="2014-07-31T02:47:01.697" Title="Use of &quot;впору&quot; when it doesn't mean &quot;to fit just right&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7024" CreationDate="2014-07-26T17:35:24.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Means something like &quot;&lt;strong&gt;might just as well&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. I would describe it as &quot;flowery language&quot;: not exactly &quot;colloquial&quot; in the usual sense (often spoken in the streets) but not official too. More expected of literature or some mildly informal speech/article/interview etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Тут впору сделать заметку на полях.&quot; ~ &quot;And now one could very well make a marginal note&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Теперь лицо ее просияло так, что впору было зажмуриться.&quot; ~ &quot;Now her face was lit up to such an extent you might as well close your eyes&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Used to express the idea that something happened/happens so intensively or pronounced that you have only one thing left to do or it is the most obvious thing to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-07-26T17:35:24.663" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7022" CreationDate="2014-07-27T11:21:56.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the word &lt;code&gt;занавеска&lt;/code&gt; is more natural here than &lt;code&gt;занавес&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I hear word &lt;code&gt;занавес&lt;/code&gt; I imagine the curtain in the theater that is dropped at the end of performance.&#xA;When I hear &lt;code&gt;занавеска&lt;/code&gt; I imagine the thing that is used to hide something from other eyes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if we are really talking about the theater then the form &lt;code&gt;занавес&lt;/code&gt; is correct. In other cases I would use the word &lt;code&gt;занавеска&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, both versions sound good for me:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она использует плед в качестве занавески - OK&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она использует плед как занавеску - OK, too&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4134" LastActivityDate="2014-07-27T11:21:56.550" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7016" CreationDate="2014-07-27T11:46:14.837" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;My suggestion, use the word &lt;code&gt;пыщь!&lt;/code&gt;. LOL :D&#xA;It is hard to me to explain in English what does it mean. Anyway, it is a funny  choice, think of it :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4134" LastActivityDate="2014-07-27T11:46:14.837" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6875" CreationDate="2014-07-27T11:57:17.230" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not think that the word &lt;code&gt;гомосекуал&lt;/code&gt; even exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It really depends on the context of the talk. In informal talk nobody uses the word &lt;code&gt;гомосексуалист&lt;/code&gt;. Perhaps &lt;code&gt;гей&lt;/code&gt;. Or, more probably, other words which have negative meaning and which, I think, are not allowed by the stackexchange rules to be posted here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4134" LastActivityDate="2014-07-27T11:57:17.230" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7029" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7030" CreationDate="2014-07-27T15:00:31.190" Score="3" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking in the dictionary, &lt;strong&gt;одолеть&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;преодолеть&lt;/strong&gt; both share pretty much the same meanings. So is there any substantial difference between the two or are they interchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-07-28T12:58:08.160" Title="What is the difference between одолеть and преодолеть?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7029" CreationDate="2014-07-27T15:18:47.777" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Преодолевать-преодолеть&quot; is more widely used than &quot;одолевать-одолеть&quot; in the sense of &quot;overcome&quot;. For example, &quot;to overcome difficulties&quot; is better translated as &quot;преодолеть трудности&quot; than &quot;одолеть трудности&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the verb &quot;одолевать-одолеть&quot; has two meanings, that the verb &quot;преодолевать-преодолеть&quot; doesn't have. The first one is &lt;strong&gt;&quot;to defeat smb&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он меня одолел.&#xA;He defeated me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one is &lt;strong&gt;&quot;to be possessed, overwhelmed by a feeling&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его одолела тоска.&#xA;He was overwhelmed by melancholy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="267" LastEditDate="2014-07-27T15:33:33.453" LastActivityDate="2014-07-27T15:33:33.453" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7031" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7033" CreationDate="2014-07-28T02:11:25.053" Score="2" ViewCount="564" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hello and apologies to all Russian speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I´ve been given a short-term opportunity to follow a 5-week &quot;beginners&quot; (no precisions), intensive (30hours/week) Russian language course in a Russian-speaking city. I am a real beginner, who doesn't know a lot of words past привет, спасибо, до свида́нья, and a few words picked up at parties with Russian friends or during my stays in Eastern Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most importantly, I´m not completely familiar with the Cyrillic alphabet and the Russian  pronunciation (I never learned any other Slavic language). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my situation, is it a good idea to begin learning Russian this way ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4136" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-07-28T03:00:53.983" LastActivityDate="2014-07-30T01:31:40.997" Title="Is a 5-week intensive course in a Russian-speaking country a good way to begin learning Russian?" Tags="&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="12" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-21T11:25:57.610" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7031" CreationDate="2014-07-28T12:57:43.723" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the way you learn, but speaking generally, such a course would be a good way to &lt;strong&gt;begin&lt;/strong&gt; learning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please not the bolding! It's about beginning to learn a language, not learning a language. Unless you're a language genius, or you're a fluent speaker of some other Slavic language (at best Ukrainian or Belarussian), it's unlikely you'll learn the language good enough to being able to read books or watch TV. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, when learning a language completely different that yours, it's a very good idea to start from the contact with the 'real' language, it's accent and prozody, because it can prevent you from acquiring some bad habits, which happen when you learn from the book or from the non-native speaker. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you want to really profit from such course, you must carry on learning the language afterwards. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="37" LastActivityDate="2014-07-28T12:57:43.723" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-21T11:25:57.610" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7029" CreationDate="2014-07-28T12:58:08.160" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;одолеть = to win over somebody, defeat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;преодолеть = to overcome (an obstacle, hurdle, etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-07-28T12:58:08.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7035" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-28T13:05:00.263" Score="3" ViewCount="508" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подозреваю, что &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgenic_hair&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Androgenic hair&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; переводится на русский как «андрогенное оволосение», но не могу найти ни одной словарной статьи с таким словосочетанием.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="90" LastEditorUserId="90" LastEditDate="2016-02-23T23:13:55.463" LastActivityDate="2016-02-23T23:13:55.463" Title="Androgenic hair по-русски" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7031" CreationDate="2014-07-28T14:27:49.200" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Being a Russian language teacher, I personally think that it is a good way to start learning Russian because it is an intensive language immersion, that can be very useful sometimes (it is something really individual though). After this intensive course, you will be able to continue learning Russian at your own pace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I would recommend you to learn the Cyrillic alphabet, the phonetics and the basic reading rules first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-07-28T14:27:49.200" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-21T11:25:57.610" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7037" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7038" CreationDate="2014-07-28T14:35:21.637" Score="2" ViewCount="483" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Собсна, vcmi пилится как реверс движка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это пост любителя Героев (&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroes_of_Might_and_Magic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroes_of_Might_and_Magic&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4138" LastEditorUserId="4138" LastEditDate="2014-07-28T14:52:20.187" LastActivityDate="2014-07-28T14:52:20.187" Title="Что значит “пилится как” в этом контексте?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7037" CreationDate="2014-07-28T14:44:13.030" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;пилить&quot;, &quot;запилить&quot; is a slang for &quot;to make, to create, to construct&quot;, usually in computer context (&quot;запилить страницу проекта&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;пилить&quot;, &quot;запилить&quot; используется как сленг для &quot;сделать&quot;, &quot;создать&quot;, часто в компьютерном контексте (&quot;запилить страницу проекта&quot;). Можно заменить на &quot;сбацать&quot;, например, чтобы понять примерное значение. Впрочем, &quot;пилить&quot; имеет больше вариантов действия: например, если что-то плохо запилено, можно его перепилить (переделать как надо).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-07-28T14:44:13.030" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7039" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-28T23:37:51.133" Score="1" ViewCount="678" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Тс' already sounds like 'Ть' so why is there a soft sign there? Do I pronounce them both like a soft T?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3687" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-07-29T08:05:35.370" LastActivityDate="2014-10-14T01:37:55.467" Title="Difference between '-ться', and '-тся'?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7039" CreationDate="2014-07-29T00:01:20.650" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually &lt;strong&gt;ь&lt;/strong&gt; is there to indicate the infinitive. However, there is no distinction in pronunciation between -&lt;strong&gt;ться&lt;/strong&gt; and -&lt;strong&gt;тся&lt;/strong&gt; : they're both pronounced -&lt;strong&gt;тца&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;смея́ться - [&lt;strong&gt;сме•я́т•ца&lt;/strong&gt;]    &lt;em&gt;infinitive&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;смеётся - [&lt;strong&gt;сме•йо́т•ца&lt;/strong&gt;]  &lt;em&gt;3rd p. sing.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;смеются - [&lt;strong&gt;сме•ю́т•ца&lt;/strong&gt;]   &lt;em&gt;3rd p. pl.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-07-29T00:01:20.650" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7039" CreationDate="2014-07-29T02:22:16.327" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no difference in pronunciation but &lt;strong&gt;&quot;ь&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is kept merely for the sake of consistency.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You see, most infinitives end in &quot;&lt;strong&gt;-ть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. And the 3rd person singular/plural end in &lt;strong&gt;-т&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to love = &lt;em&gt;любить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;he loves = он &lt;em&gt;любит&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;And now, the magic!&lt;/strong&gt; To form a reflexive verb form you add &lt;strong&gt;'сь'&lt;/strong&gt; after a vowel and &lt;strong&gt;'ся'&lt;/strong&gt; after a consonant. So....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;говорить + &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ся&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = говориться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;говорит + &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ся&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = говорится&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;женят + &lt;strong&gt;ся&lt;/strong&gt; = женятся&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pair &quot;говориться/говорится&quot; indeed sounds exactly the same because it so happens that 3rd person singular for many &quot;-ить&quot; verbs of the И-conjugation differs from the infinitive only by the hardness of the last consonant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-07-29T02:22:16.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7042" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-29T04:50:35.650" Score="4" ViewCount="1622" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to figure which of the speech synthesizers is the best one for Russian. Means pronounces and emphasis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently I'm successfully discover two synthesizers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;$ echo &quot;Привет Мир!&quot; | espeak -v russian&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESpeak&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ESpeak&lt;/a&gt; is a Multi-lingual software speech synthesizer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_Speech_Synthesis_System&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Festival&lt;/a&gt; - General multi-lingual speech synthesis system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;$ echo '(SayText &quot;Привет Мир!&quot;)'  | uniconv -encode Russian-Translit | festival --pipe&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have no luck with Russian language for &lt;code&gt;Festival&lt;/code&gt; yet. But for the first sight(hearing) it sounds better with &lt;code&gt;Translit&lt;/code&gt; than &lt;code&gt;ESpeak&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code&gt;-v russian&lt;/code&gt; option. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could somebody suggest me more modern and fashionable speech synthesizer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4140" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-07-29T07:08:01.450" LastActivityDate="2020-04-24T18:14:36.963" Title="Which of the open source speech synthesizers is the best for Russian Language?" Tags="&lt;software&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-24T19:38:41.680" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7042" CreationDate="2014-07-29T06:11:41.807" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I haven't found anything remotely as good as &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/Olga-Yakovleva/RHVoice&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RH Voice&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; . It was written by Olga Yakovleva (who is blind) using several publicly available voice samples. &quot;Irina&quot; is currently my favourite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sounds a bit noizzzy, especially through headphones, but more than OK for everyday use. I wonder if Olga Yakovleva could have gotten better results with better sources and no downsampling. One article describes the experiment that have shown that downsamling the source audio any lower than 32kHz is detrimental to the speech quality and the TTS engine's similarity to the source speaker. The problem is, many people perform HMM training on voice database downsampled to 16 kHz, which was and is OK for &lt;em&gt;speech recognition&lt;/em&gt; but no one had previously addressed the question whether it makes any sense for &lt;em&gt;speech synthesis&lt;/em&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No TTS engine I have ever heard, commercial or not, reads questions in Russian plausibly. Of course, sometimes the synthesizers get them right but mostly — no, the questions do not sound really like questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="1688" LastEditDate="2020-04-24T18:14:36.963" LastActivityDate="2020-04-24T18:14:36.963" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-24T19:38:41.680" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7031" CreationDate="2014-07-29T08:30:31.863" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you chose between&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Spending 5 weeks in a Russian speaking country&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Not spending 5 weeks in a Russian speaking country&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it would be a very good way to begin your studies!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OTOH, if you chose between&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Spending 5 weeks in a Russian speaking country NOW&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Spending 5 weeks in a Russian speaking country LATER&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say that you should wait a bit, and get the basics under your belt first. That way you'd be able to profit a lot more from your time abroad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4142" LastActivityDate="2014-07-29T08:30:31.863" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-21T11:25:57.610" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7045" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7048" CreationDate="2014-07-29T13:45:05.083" Score="1" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;I tend to use the expression &quot;more often than not&quot; quite often in English, so naturally when I came across &lt;strong&gt;сплошь да рядом&lt;/strong&gt;, I immediately adopted it and started using it. But I never hear other Russians use it, so I wonder if it's more of a literary expression and not commonly used in conversation. Is it better to use &lt;strong&gt;очень часто&lt;/strong&gt; in conversation? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-07-30T15:15:30.333" Title="use of сплошь да рядом" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7042" CreationDate="2014-07-29T14:32:05.743" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've gone through three voices, which I installed on my computer to read me Russian. None of them were great, but they were robotic and had terrible intonations. While i was researching better Russian voices, I heard a man's voice on one of the sites - Yuri. It was spectacular: natural, great tonality, great intonation and pleasantly human. But he was quite expensive, so I didn't buy him. Then when Apple came out with the Mavericks upgrade, Yuri came with it! All you have to do in install him in preferences and he'll read anything. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you don't have a Mac, I would recommend Tatyana, the new Russian voice that IVONA just put out: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ivona.com/us/news/latest-news/ivona-introduces-new-russian-voice-tatyana/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.ivona.com/us/news/latest-news/ivona-introduces-new-russian-voice-tatyana/&lt;/a&gt;  She has the BrightVoice technology that makes her sound more human than human: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ivona.com/us/for-individuals/voices-for-windows/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.ivona.com/us/for-individuals/voices-for-windows/&lt;/a&gt; (just select Russian from the dropdown menu and listen to her demo).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-07-29T14:32:05.743" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-24T19:38:41.680" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7045" CreationDate="2014-07-29T15:22:48.180" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;сплошь да рядом&quot; is a perfectly normal expression, but it has more common variants like &quot;постоянно&quot;, &quot;часто&quot;, &quot;зачастую&quot; (colloquial for &quot;often&quot;). In the majority of cases people prefer the most ordinary &quot;часто&quot;. I bet that most English-speaking people prefer &quot;often&quot; or &quot;frequently&quot; to &quot;more often than not&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a context where &quot;сплошь да рядом&quot; is most commonly seen. It is when you speak about some particularity that is common in people, things, in the way life goes. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Люди сплошь да рядом судят о других по себе.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  People more often than not judge others by themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may sound weird when you are talking about one particular object or person. The following sentence sounds artificial:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;???Он сплошь да рядом забывает дни рождения.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  He often forgets birthdays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Much better:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он часто (постоянно, зачастую) забывает дни рождения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2014-07-30T15:15:30.333" LastActivityDate="2014-07-30T15:15:30.333" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7045" CreationDate="2014-07-29T16:55:42.097" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is also important to mention that the expression &quot;сплошь да рядом&quot; or &quot;сплошь и рядом&quot; often has a negative meaning, when the person speaking criticizes the situation that ofter happens:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он сплошь да рядом ошибается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He makes mistakes very often (which is really bad in the opinion of the person speaking).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-07-29T16:55:42.097" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7045" CreationDate="2014-07-29T18:11:55.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think &quot;сплошь да рядом&quot; is colloquial expression, I would expect to see it in journalistic genre or in informal conversation, but not in some official document or scientific article. &quot;Очень часто&quot; has neutral stylistic and can be used everywhere. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find plenty of good examples here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;t=100&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;req=%F1%EF%EB%EE%F8%FC+%E4%E0+%F0%FF%E4%EE%EC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian National Corpus&lt;/a&gt; . It differs from just searching the word in Google, because Russian National Corpus is based on well-reputed sources, like classical books and a selection of magazines. There is also a separate subcorpus of spoken langauage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4036" LastEditorUserId="4036" LastEditDate="2014-07-29T18:29:54.450" LastActivityDate="2014-07-29T18:29:54.450" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7039" CreationDate="2014-07-30T01:18:43.303" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's mostly grammatical and as correctly stated above &quot;ться&quot; usually indicates the infinitive. It is relatively simple to catch the rule by using the following cheat: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the word answers the &quot;что делать&quot; question use &quot;ться&quot;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the word answers the &quot;что делает / -ют&quot; question you use &quot;тся&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, if there's &quot;ь&quot; in the question word, feel free to use &quot;ться&quot;, and the opposite - if there's no &quot;ь&quot; in the question, use тся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4064" LastEditorUserId="4064" LastEditDate="2014-07-30T02:58:17.107" LastActivityDate="2014-07-30T02:58:17.107" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7031" CreationDate="2014-07-30T01:31:40.997" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the comments I understand the country you are talking about is Latvia.&#xA;First of all, it is NOT Russian speaking country although some 27% of residents there are indeed Russians.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I would say, that's not good idea to go to Latvia to study Russian, since you won't get enough exposure there - everything there is Latvian, not Russian. Latvian uses Latin alphabet and is not related to Russian so learning Russian alphabet there would be problematic too. Most people there indeed can speak Russian but I doubt they will be happy to help with a foreign language since it is foreign to them as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, going to a truly Russian-speaking country for 5 weeks will improve your Russian skills definitely. There are only two such countries in the world: Russia and Belarus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4064" LastActivityDate="2014-07-30T01:31:40.997" CommentCount="9" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-21T11:25:57.610" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2770" CreationDate="2014-07-30T07:56:41.223" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;негроидный - Negroid (adjective)&#xA;негроид    - Negroid (noun)&#xA;нигр       - Nigger (noun)&#xA;негр       - Slang (noun) Shorter version for Negroid and should not be used based on the similarity to &quot;Nigger&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;негроидный люди is not offensive because it does not objectify people in the way that негры / нигры does. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4144" LastActivityDate="2014-07-30T07:56:41.223" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7053" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2770" CreationDate="2014-07-30T09:46:49.537" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is the real-world story about usage of word &quot;afro-americans&quot; to negroid peoples living in Russia. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.anekdot.ru/id/697460/&quot;&gt;http://www.anekdot.ru/id/697460/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подруга: «вон, у афроамериканцев спросим». У противоположной стены три темнокожих студента разговаривают о чём-то на своём олбанском. Подходим. Разговор замолкает, один, с интонацией одновременно обиды и гордости, практически без акцента: «мы не афроамериканцы, мы НЕГРЫ».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4094" LastActivityDate="2014-07-30T09:46:49.537" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7054" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-07-30T13:39:56.223" Score="6" ViewCount="324" Body="&lt;p&gt;It sounded like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Имели мелия твоя неделя!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I heard this line in a movie clip and everyone laughed. A guy went by his office on his day off and said it to a coworker, in response to something she said that I didn't understand at all. It must be a cultural inside joke. Could someone explain? Sorry, I wrote it as I heard it - probably way off!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-06-29T12:20:55.247" LastActivityDate="2019-06-29T12:20:55.247" Title="Meaning of &quot;Мели, Емеля, твоя неделя&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7054" CreationDate="2014-07-30T14:06:46.580" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an idiom, the correct form of it is &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8,_%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F,_%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F&quot;&gt;Мели́, Еме́ля, твоя́ неде́ля&lt;/a&gt;&quot;. It's colloquial, it expresses disbelief in what another person says while being unable to stop or influence the speaker in a way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Еме́ля&lt;/strong&gt; is short for the name &lt;strong&gt;Емелья́н&lt;/strong&gt;, the whole phrase can be translated as &quot;Grind, Yemelyan, it's your week.&quot; It originated in the times when in big peasant families each member did just one kind of household work, and each week the work one did changed. Grinding grain on a hand-powered grinding wheel was difficult work, so the phrase was jokingly said to someone who was lazy. In addition, &lt;strong&gt;моло́ть языко́м&lt;/strong&gt;, 'to grind with one's tongue', or simply &lt;strong&gt;моло́ть&lt;/strong&gt; is another idiom meaning 'to say nonsense', like here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Что ты ме́лешь?&quot; - 'What nonsense you are saying!'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the general idea of &lt;strong&gt;Мели́, Еме́ля, твоя́ неде́ля&lt;/strong&gt; is something like &quot;stop saying nonsense and do some work.&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-07-30T14:06:46.580" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7057" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7058" CreationDate="2014-07-30T19:58:36.240" Score="3" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I can tell, both окидывать взглядом and заглядывать have the same general meaning. Are there any nuances that they don't share? Is one more colloquial? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2014-07-31T08:18:37.310" LastActivityDate="2014-08-01T20:10:17.990" Title="Are &quot;окидывать взглядом&quot; and &quot;заглядывать&quot; interchangeable?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7058" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7057" CreationDate="2014-07-30T20:13:05.840" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think they don't have the same general meaning. &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Заглядывать-заглянуть + Accusative (куда?)&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;to peep in&quot;, &quot;to look into&quot;, &quot;to have a look at&quot; or &quot;to drop in&quot;, &quot;to call in&quot;. So, normally this verb means &quot;to look inside smth&quot; or &quot;to come, enter somewhere&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я заглянул в книгу.&#xA;I looked into the book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она часто заглядывала к нам.&#xA;She used to call in to our place often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Окидывать-окинуть взглядом + Accusative (кого? что?)&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;to glance over&quot;, &quot;to rake&quot;. It has the meaning of looking attentively and having a wide space to look at.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Профессор окинул взглядом всю аудиторию.&#xA;The professor glanced over the whole audience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can also see, &quot;заглядывать-заглянуть&quot; is always used with a preposition, while &quot;окидывать-окинуть взглядом&quot; is used with a direct object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Окидывать-окинуть взглядом&quot; is a synonym of &quot;оглядывать-оглянуть + Accusative (кого? что?)&quot; which also means &quot;to take a view of&quot;, &quot;to look over (round)&quot;, but has a nuance in the meaning because it can also be &quot;to examine&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Профессор оглянул всю аудиторию.&#xA;The professor looked over the whole audience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что ты меня оглядываешь?&#xA;Why are you examining me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="267" LastEditDate="2014-07-30T20:25:40.560" LastActivityDate="2014-07-30T20:25:40.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7059" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7102" CreationDate="2014-07-31T09:01:55.377" Score="7" ViewCount="336" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes when physicists compute an integral (EDIT: in quantum field theory), they introduce what is called a &quot;cutoff&quot;, which means an infinite bound in the integral is replaced by a finite parameter, calculations are made, and then the parameter that was introduced as a bound in the integral is taken out to infinity. My question is: how do you say &quot;cutoff&quot; in Russian in this context? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess the answer might be some prefixed form of сечение, but I was not successful in figuring this out from a web search. (I did discover in this way that катофф has been borrowed into Russian for use in poker, which must be of more recent vintage that the need to say &quot;cutoff&quot; in physics.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: If answers can be supported by pointing to a place where the translated term is used in a physics computational context, and which I might find without too much trouble, that would be appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-08-06T02:36:24.940" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T06:17:15.297" Title="&quot;cutoff&quot; in an integral" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;математика&gt;&lt;физика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="15" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7060" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7059" CreationDate="2014-07-31T11:20:44.607" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;отсечка&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; works fine, I'd say there is not a good word for this concept for everyday use but  &quot;отсечка&quot; works even if it sounds a bit like professional slang. The important thing is, you are going to be understood because this word means just that: some threshold after which you say &quot;OK, enough, stop that and don't go any further&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In audio recording context I use &lt;em&gt;&quot;обрезание&quot;&lt;/em&gt;  for cutoff/clipping. When you are recording a signal that is too loud you don't actually &lt;em&gt;want&lt;/em&gt; it to be cut off. Still the peaks get limited (note that I do not do this for life, just record now and then). So here rather than limiting value to a reasonable value you lose information by trimming the peaks of a signal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Сечение&quot; means &quot;section&quot; (eg. conical section) and is a term with a completely different meaning: something you get when dissecting something else with a surface (often planar).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD: from a lecture &lt;a href=&quot;http://ums.physics.usu.ru/st/NUM_03.PDF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here at page 12&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Интегрирование &lt;strong&gt;обрывается&lt;/strong&gt; на некотором значении &lt;em&gt;x = b&lt;/em&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-07-31T12:46:12.257" LastActivityDate="2014-07-31T12:46:12.257" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7059" CreationDate="2014-07-31T18:17:02.090" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Интеграл &lt;strong&gt;обрезается&lt;/strong&gt; на высоких частотах в связи с конечными &quot;&#xA;&quot;Интеграл &lt;strong&gt;обрезается&lt;/strong&gt; на дебаевской моде&quot;&#xA;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4148" LastActivityDate="2014-07-31T18:17:02.090" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7062" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7059" CreationDate="2014-07-31T20:58:28.693" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most acceptable translation for &lt;em&gt;Cut-off point&lt;/em&gt; would be &lt;em&gt;точка отсечения&lt;/em&gt;. However, in the case it is common to say &lt;em&gt;пренебрегаем вкладом в интеграл значений &lt;code&gt;x &amp;gt; y&lt;/code&gt;, поскольку [proof that ignored part is indeed small enough to be ignored].&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="4161" LastEditDate="2014-08-03T10:21:28.597" LastActivityDate="2014-08-03T10:21:28.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7063" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7064" CreationDate="2014-08-01T00:06:53.920" Score="3" ViewCount="342" Body="&lt;p&gt;Someone told me people don't actually use извините anymore. Is that true? Is there a more common alternative, nowadays?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user4152" LastActivityDate="2014-08-01T20:59:21.767" Title="Is извините old-fashioned? Is there an alternative?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7064" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7063" CreationDate="2014-08-01T00:11:56.170" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Извини́те&lt;/strong&gt; is not at all archaic or old-fashioned, it is neutral and most typical. There are alternatives, &lt;strong&gt;прости́те&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;прошу́ проще́ния&lt;/strong&gt;, they all are absolute synonyms, only the latter is just a bit more formal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2014-08-01T07:23:24.373" LastActivityDate="2014-08-01T07:23:24.373" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7063" CreationDate="2014-08-01T10:32:25.513" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, &lt;code&gt;извините&lt;/code&gt; is used intensively nowadays. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also you can hear in colloquial Russian &lt;code&gt;извиняюсь&lt;/code&gt; but that is officially &lt;s&gt;incorrect&lt;/s&gt; is not recommended although almost 90 people from 100 pronounce it instead of &lt;code&gt;извините&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;s&gt;&lt;code&gt;извиняюсь&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/s&gt; is technically possible, but grammatically means &quot;I am being forgiven&quot; so practically that's not a use case because nobody says &quot;I forgive (myself)&quot; to somebody when acts wrongly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&#xA;to prove this point I quote the explanation from two Russian Language forums:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/2798/%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C-%D1%8F-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;from hashcode.ru&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если Вы обращаетесь к тому, перед кем хотите извиниться, то это неправильно и с точки зрения этикета, и грамматически, ведь постфикс -СЯ образовался от возвратного местоимения &quot;Себя&quot; и его главное значение возвратное. Извиняюсь - извиняю себя (Ср.Умываюсь -умываю себя) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/trudnosti/36_89&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;from gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос&#xA;Как правильно: извини, извините или извиняюсь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Форма извиняюсь - разговорно-просторечная. Вот как писал о слове извиняюсь известный русский лингвист А. Селищев: «Со времени войны (1914 г.) в России вошел в широкое употребление словеcный знак вежливости-извинения &quot;извиняюсь&quot; (извиняюс). По основе и по форме это образование употреблялось и раньше. &quot;Опять тысячу раз извиняюсь, что сбиваюсь с прямой дороги в сторону&quot; - писал Гончаров. &quot;Извиняюсь, что не ответил никому до сих пор&quot; - в &quot;Дневнике писателя&quot; Достоевского. Отличие от теперешнего извиняюсь заключалось в том, что извиняюсь в речи Гончарова, Достоевского и других находилось в сочетании с другими словами в предложении и имело обычное реальное значение, - значение выражения извинения, искреннего, иногда глубокого раскаяния, что подчеркивалось словами &quot;1000 раз&quot; и т. п. Посредством этой формы извиняется и взволнованный чеховский дядя Ваня. &quot;Ну, ну, моя радость, простите... Извиняюсь (целует руку)&quot;. Совсем не по своему реальному и формальному значению теперешнее извиняюсь: оно употребляется отрывочно, вне сочетания с другими словами, служит формальным словесным знаком, произносимым при определенных обстоятельствах, - знаком, мало соответствующим этим обстоятельствам: полного значения просьбы здесь не выражается» (А. Селищев. Язык революционной эпохи. 1928). Написано давно, а актуально до сих пор.&#xA;В современных толковых словарях форма извиняюсь также дана с пометой разг. (разговорное).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;in modern dictionaries this word is given with the status &lt;strong&gt;spoken&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;Правильно извини, извините, слово извиняюсь полного значения просьбы не выражает. Извиняюсь – это как «товарищ коллежский асессор».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Правильно&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;извини, извините.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct:&lt;strong&gt;извини, извините.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you can see that it's true that this word is old fashioned but nevertheless  this word is widely used nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-12T07:34:04.910" LastActivityDate="2014-08-01T20:59:21.767" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7057" CreationDate="2014-08-01T11:13:15.050" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to add a few meanings and use cases of &lt;code&gt;заглядывать&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Заглядывать вперёд&quot; means &quot;to look forward&quot;, but it can not be as &quot;&lt;s&gt;оглядывать вперёд&lt;/s&gt;&quot;, it's incorrect. However it &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; possible (and widely used) to say:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Оглядываться назад&quot;(1) means &quot;To look back&quot;, e.g. when &lt;em&gt;someone's walking&lt;/em&gt; or in terms of &lt;em&gt;passed days&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;time that has gone&lt;/em&gt; (look back into the history) but can not be &quot;&lt;s&gt;оглядывать назад&lt;/s&gt;&quot;, it's incorrect. However it &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; possible (and widely used) to say:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Заглядывать назад&quot; means also &quot;To look back&quot; is also can be said in terms of &lt;em&gt;passed days&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;time that has gone&lt;/em&gt;, can &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; be said when someone's is walking, more likely wheh is not moving -sitting or standing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Он заглядывается на других девушек&quot; means &quot;He looks at other girls&quot;, it &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; possible to say &quot;Он оглядывается на др  девушек&quot; but this means that &quot;He turns his head around to watch other girls(when passing by them)&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Заглядывать в душу&quot; means &quot;To look into the soul&quot; but it can not be as &quot;&lt;s&gt;оглядывать душу&quot;&lt;/s&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1)&quot;я оглянулся посмотреть не оглянулась ли она чтоб посмотреть не оглянулся ли я&quot; words from a famous song, means &quot;I looked around to see if she did not look back to see if I did not look back&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastEditorUserId="4153" LastEditDate="2014-08-01T20:10:17.990" LastActivityDate="2014-08-01T20:10:17.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7067" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7068" CreationDate="2014-08-01T17:32:31.077" Score="2" ViewCount="192" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dictionary gives the meanings &lt;em&gt;marginal&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;maximum&lt;/em&gt; for предельный, which are practically opposites. Consequently I don't know how to interpret it in the following passage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не утруждая себя приветствием, он с &lt;strong&gt;предельной категоричностью&lt;/strong&gt; заявил:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– Эй вы! Имейте в виду, я ни на секунду не считаю себя вашим&#xA;  пленником.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would a native interpret this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2014-08-01T19:53:05.003" LastActivityDate="2014-08-01T21:24:23.987" Title="Meaning of &quot;Предельный&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7067" CreationDate="2014-08-01T17:41:52.930" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe &lt;em&gt;utmost&lt;/em&gt; more fits your example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Not bothering to greet anyone, he announced with the &lt;strong&gt;utmost rigidity&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  - Hey you! Don't think for a second that I'm going to be your prisoner!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2014-08-01T17:54:21.647" LastActivityDate="2014-08-01T17:54:21.647" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7067" CreationDate="2014-08-01T20:12:38.320" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;OK, I'll try to let you see how the word might make sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Start with a &quot;предел&quot;=limit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then &lt;strong&gt;предельный&lt;/strong&gt; = &lt;em&gt;taken to its limit&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;extreme&lt;/em&gt;. The quality pronounced as strong as it possibly could &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;(of course, there is also a more broad adjectival meaning &quot;limit-related&quot;, extensively used in mathematics — for instance, &quot;предельное значение&quot; = limiting value/the value of a limit , &quot;предельный переход&quot; = limit transition, transition to a limit etc.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now you can think of it in two ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;limit = go as far as you can → &lt;em&gt;предельный&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;strong&gt;utmost&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;matematical limit of some value when &lt;em&gt;∆x → 0&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;предельный&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;strong&gt;marginal&lt;/strong&gt; (showing how a function changes when you introduce an infinitesimal change to its variable)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Honestly, I do not know why would you chose the second meaning when there is clearly no calculus or economics involved :). Probably, the dictionaries should include some examples of very specific uses like these. Sometimes it takes me ages to sift through the minor meanings I would hardly ever need (that's why I love &lt;em&gt;oxfordictionaries&lt;/em&gt;, with their elegant hierarchy of meanings and ready-to-use examples)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, back to your sentence. &quot;Категоричный&quot; means the opposite of being soft, tolerant, indirect and ready to change your opinion. So here's how the meaning would be understood:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;He didn't even trouble himself with a greeting and said most adamantly: ...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-08-01T21:24:23.987" LastActivityDate="2014-08-01T21:24:23.987" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6958" CreationDate="2014-08-02T09:08:07.230" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There could be some addition to the previous answers. The words &lt;code&gt;свобода&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;воля&lt;/code&gt; are pretty close to each to other and the use cases are depend, but saying generally:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;свобода&lt;/code&gt; is about freedom of choice, a potential state of thinking and acting freely. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;воля&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;will&lt;/code&gt;, it's more about a desired freedom (when someone who is not free wants to be free &quot;хочет на волю&quot; or &quot;хочет быть на воле&quot; or even &quot;вызволен&quot; - to be freed (by any means). Also it is about an inner state of mind and character of a person &quot;У него есть сила воли (у него сильная воля), поэтому он легко бросил курить&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastActivityDate="2014-08-02T09:08:07.230" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7073" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-03T04:32:52.377" Score="5" ViewCount="2986" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between these comparative adj forms? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;более красивый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;красивее&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;красивей&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;краше&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are they all used? Some adjectives apparently do not have all these forms. For instance for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;дорогой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; I only found &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;дороже&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Is that correct? Is there a way to know, which forms exist for a specific adjective and is there a general answer about the usage of these forms, or does it depend on the adjective?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionaly: What's the difference between the two forms of superlative of adjectives?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;самый красивый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;красивейший&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4161" LastEditorUserId="4161" LastEditDate="2014-08-03T08:59:49.543" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T03:19:03.827" Title="В чем разница между - более красивый, красивее, красивей, краше?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7074" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7073" CreationDate="2014-08-03T05:02:25.330" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no difference.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Yes, they all are used.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Краше&lt;/strong&gt; is pretty old style, others are used very often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-08-03T05:02:25.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7075" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7073" CreationDate="2014-08-03T09:14:19.077" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes these all are comparative adjectives and they mean the same:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;более красивый&#xA;красивее&#xA;красивей&#xA;краше&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was considered about whether the &lt;code&gt;красивей&lt;/code&gt; is officially correct. After research I have found that many articles say that this is a spoken language but the rules refer that both suffixes &lt;code&gt;ее&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ей&lt;/code&gt; are used for comparative adjectives .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;У прилагательных простая сравнительная степень образовывается с помощью суффиксов --ее,-ей. Поэтому вариантными формами сравнительной степени прилагательных &quot;красивый&quot; и &quot;белый&quot; являются красивее/красивей и белее/белей.Точно также образуются формы прилагательного &quot;интересный&quot;-- интереснее и интересней, &quot;острый&quot;-- острее и острей и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дело здесь в стилистике. Формы прилагательных простой сравнительной степени с суффиксом -ее считаются стилистически нейтральными, а с суффиксом -ей характерны для разговорной или поэтической речи.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kynGD.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum up, you will probably not find &lt;code&gt;красивей&lt;/code&gt; but &lt;code&gt;красивее&lt;/code&gt; in dictionaries (not in all, depends on dictionary) but it is definitely not a probleb to say &lt;code&gt;красивей&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;самый красивый&#xA;красивейший&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;are the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastActivityDate="2014-08-03T09:14:19.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7073" CreationDate="2014-08-03T13:27:02.387" Score="3" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;красивее/красивей&lt;/strong&gt; — are the same, the short form being less neutral and used on a situational basis (depending on whether you feel you need to chop off a syllable here).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;краше&lt;/strong&gt; — old/colloquial, sometimes used for effect. Probably not in usual speech but a book, a public spech or an interview seems right. There are set expressions like &quot;одна другой краше&quot; (each even more beautiful than the other, i.e. all are very beautiful).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;более красивый&lt;/strong&gt; — if an adjective has a widely used simple comparative, a compound will sound more formal (because it is longer for no real reason) but stil grammatically correct.&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is very important that simple comparatives like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;красивее&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be used as an &lt;strong&gt;adverb&lt;/strong&gt; (&quot;more beautifully&quot;) while compound forms &lt;em&gt;cannot&lt;/em&gt;. You'll need &quot;более красиво&quot; for that.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Not all adjectives have a comparative. Only qualitative adjectives have them. &quot;Относительные прилагательные&quot;, the adjectives that just classify an object as belonging to some type (American, governmental, wooden, almost all colors and so one) do not have them. If you want to go against the flow and still make a point about &quot;beer even more German than real German beer&quot; you are bound to use a compound comparative. For some a simple form sounds awkward but understandable (деревяннее, синее) but for adjectives like &quot;русский&quot;, &quot;английский&quot; and so on it literally does not exist.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now about &lt;strong&gt;самый красивый&lt;/strong&gt; vs. &lt;strong&gt;красивейший&lt;/strong&gt;. Save for some very popular adjectives, it the SIMPLE form that sounds more bookish and stilted. Personally I feel that &quot;красивейший&quot; is closer to the stilted side of the spectrum, so I use &quot;самый красивый&quot; in my speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;ЛУЧШИЙ&quot;(or наилучший), &quot;ХУДШИЙ&quot; (наихудший), малейший (about things, mostly abstract!),  are almost the best&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;нежнейший&quot;, &quot;сильнейший&quot; and &quot;умнейший&quot; are OK. &lt;em&gt;Больший/самый большой&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;меньший/самый маленький&lt;/em&gt; are both used with no clear advantage at either side. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Awkward &lt;em&gt;&quot;твердейший&quot;, &quot;крепчайший&quot;, &quot;слабейший&quot;, &quot;сладчайший&quot;, &quot;громчайший&quot;, &quot;тишайший&quot;&lt;/em&gt; are possibly much better off as &lt;em&gt;&quot;самый твёрдый&quot;, &quot;самый слабый&quot;, &quot;самый сладкий&quot;, &quot;самый громкий&quot;, &quot;самый тихий&quot;&lt;/em&gt; in almost any style.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also use expressions like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;красивее всех&quot;, &quot;сильнее всех&quot;, &quot;лучше всего&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which mean the same (the most beautiful, the best), minus the impication that you compare it to other creatures/things (so you won't use &quot;лучше всего&quot; for people).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-08-03T13:27:02.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7077" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7085" CreationDate="2014-08-03T18:08:30.067" Score="6" ViewCount="3796" Body="&lt;p&gt;A friend of mine wrote: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты скоро будешь разговаривать по-русски, как настоящий &lt;strong&gt;пацан&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I realize this is a compliment, however I looked it up in several dictionaries and got a basic meaning of &lt;em&gt;boy, lad&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a meaning of &lt;code&gt;пацан&lt;/code&gt; in this context? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-08-14T10:48:11.390" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T10:48:11.390" Title="Meaning of пацан" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7078" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-03T22:57:50.863" Score="1" ViewCount="88" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following, is &lt;strong&gt;затрагиваемые&lt;/strong&gt; interchangeable with &lt;strong&gt;затронутыe&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;дети, &lt;strong&gt;затрагиваемые&lt;/strong&gt; вооруженными конфликтами&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T00:09:09.393" Title="затрагиваемый vs затронутый" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7078" CreationDate="2014-08-04T00:01:54.710" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neither is a good choice for this particular case.  I would say: &quot;дети, пострадавшие/страдающие в результате вооруженных конфликтов&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Затронуть&quot; and &quot;затрагивать&quot; are pretty much the same word and both mean the same: &quot;to touch&quot; someone's emotions or feelings, or heart. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, assuming someone has (incorrectly) used the word &quot;затрагиваемые/затронутые&quot; in this case, the difference is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;затронутые&quot; -- &quot;some children &lt;em&gt;have been&lt;/em&gt; affected by&quot; in any physical, psychological or financial way. They might be implying some knowledge of such children.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;затрагиваемые&quot; -- the &quot;children &lt;em&gt;are being&lt;/em&gt; affected or &lt;em&gt;are being&lt;/em&gt; exposed to a great chance of being affected in any possible way. So, here they are most likely talking in general. Here, they would be implying a well known fact that children do get affected by war.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4159" LastEditorUserId="4159" LastEditDate="2014-08-04T00:09:09.393" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T00:09:09.393" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7073" CreationDate="2014-08-04T03:08:25.197" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first four mean the same thing, but &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;более красивый&lt;/em&gt; - I would never use. Sounds grammatically incorrect, or rather &quot;как-то не по-русски&quot;. Although, it is ok to say: &lt;em&gt;менее красивый, чем&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;красивее&lt;/em&gt; - your number one choice, use this one, and you will never get it wrong&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;красивей&lt;/em&gt; - good enough for informal conversations, especially if you want to sound like an ordinary Russian&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;краше&lt;/em&gt; - could be used, but usually as a matter of figurative speech or something like that. If not sure, do not use this one or you may end up sounding weird. &#xA;Safe ways to use it:&#xA;1)  Let's say two children look messy as if they played in mad or have chocolate all over them. You can say &lt;strong&gt;with sarcasm&lt;/strong&gt;: Один краше другого or одна краше другой&#xA;2) Proverb: краше в гроб кладут. Be careful, it sounds very offensive. May be used when someone looks very sick and ugly. Usually said behind someone's back or a mother may say it to a daughter if trying to make her take better care of herself.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;3) Pay a complement when flirting with a young girl: краше тебя нет никого, but say it with a smile; mean it, but don't be too serious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following two mean very much the same; the difference is hardly noticeable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;самый красивый&lt;/em&gt; -- use in every day life or to point out the best looking person/item, but say it as a matter of fact, with no emotion. Also, use when pointing out / selecting the best one in a specific group &#xA;1) Вот тебе самое красивое яблоко (when selecting out of a box);&#xA;2) Самый красивый цветок -- у Наташи (assuming there are more people and more flowers); &#xA;3) Лондон -- самый красивый город из всех, где я бывала &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;красивейший&lt;/em&gt; -- ok to use with passion and when making a general statement, but avoid using when simply comparing things.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1) If one said: Лондон -- красивейший город, it would mean that one finds this city beautiful or one fell in love with London. It does not mean that one is actually comparing it to the rest of the world&#xA;2) Наташа нашла красивейший цветок! Means that she found an unusually beautiful or rare flower, again, this is not so much to compare, but merely an expression of the feeling.&#xA;3) If you took an apple out of a box and said seriously: Вот красивейшее яблоко, it would be like saying: &quot;how do you do?&quot; when it is more appropriate to say: &quot;hey, what's up?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4159" LastEditorUserId="4159" LastEditDate="2014-08-04T03:19:03.827" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T03:19:03.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6754" CreationDate="2014-08-04T04:14:48.177" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They do mean the same, but watch for the indirect meaning, indicating that a person does things with insufficient consideration. &#xA;Sometimes, the only reason why торопиться and спешить seem so different is that implied indirect meaning of these words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спешащий and торопящийся have the same meaning, but they are not the same as спешный and торопливый. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tоропиться and спешить -- is not the same as поторопиться and поспешить. &quot;Поспешить -- людей насмешить&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4159" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T04:14:48.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7082" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-04T10:11:49.530" Score="11" ViewCount="568" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference in the meaning between the particles &quot;же&quot; and &quot;-то&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он же не пришёл.&#xA;Vs.&#xA;Он-то не пришёл.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4075" LastActivityDate="2014-08-10T03:46:17.443" Title="Particle же vs Particle -то" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7082" CreationDate="2014-08-04T11:04:56.470" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Thaaaaats a million-dollar question. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Particles have some specific uses. Learn them. As to the general outline:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in a converstation there is information you know and someting new. A message. There is also some background knowledge (lots of stuff) and some information &lt;em&gt;currently activated&lt;/em&gt; in you mind&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt; in such context points to the information you think a listener should know about your object but seems to have activated the opposite. For example, &quot;Он же не пришёл&quot; implies that the listener &lt;em&gt;knows&lt;/em&gt; that a person did not come but fails to use that in current situation (i.e. acts as though the person came). Usually when &quot;же&quot; is used, the information that &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; be known and the information that the listener seems to use are mutually exclusive.&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;note that &quot;же&quot; is also used in &quot;тогда же&quot; (at the same time as), &quot;те же&quot; (the same people/objects), &quot;там же&quot; (right there, at the place already mentioned) and so on. &quot;Он же&quot; can sometimes be a member of that group, though, that requires some context and syntax.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt; is a contrasting particle used when you discuss diferent statements that suit different &quot;objects&quot;. The information &lt;em&gt;&quot;A-то has property B&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is (you think) known to the listener but not activated, so you draw attention to it. That does not mean that the listener thinks elsewise! Here you have &quot;не пришёл&quot; as a characteristic. Using &quot;-то&quot; you can make an object to stand out as the one possessing that property or ask a question about that: &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он-то не пришёл&lt;/em&gt; = &quot;Well, he, of all people, has not come&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;А он-то пришел?&lt;/em&gt; = &quot;And as for him, did he come?&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Difficult, I know. But it is hard to give a more detailed explanation when the question is THAT generic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-08-04T11:23:22.517" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T11:23:22.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7082" CreationDate="2014-08-04T15:41:40.890" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you can boil it down to how focused the emphasis is. With &lt;em&gt;-то&lt;/em&gt; it's narrowed down to a single word, while &lt;em&gt;же&lt;/em&gt; acts more on the whole message. To me the both particles have contrasting feel to them, just the more focus, the more contrast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples (bracketed is even more contrast):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- За работу!&#xA;- Он не пришёл.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He was supposed to come but never did, and apparently this makes the work impossible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- За работу!&#xA;- [Но] он же не пришёл!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would you ask to start working when the guy is not here? (I guess this &quot;assumed&quot; sentence is what Shady_arc meant by saying &quot;listener should know about your object but seems to have activated the opposite&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- За работу!&#xA;- [Но] он же не пришёл!&#xA;- [Это] он-то не пришёл?!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He in fact did come. It's totally improbable a person like him wouldn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The context is important but simply put &lt;em&gt;он же не пришёл&lt;/em&gt; = [the reason is the fact] he didn't come, &lt;em&gt;он-то не пришел&lt;/em&gt; = [everybody came but] he didn't come.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2014-08-04T17:18:31.090" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T17:18:31.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7077" CreationDate="2014-08-04T19:23:16.637" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although there's already a great discussion in the comments :), I'd translate this as «You'll soon speak Russian like a real Russian great guy». Here «настоящий пацан» implies not only being really a man (like, for example, if you hear «настоящий мужик», that implies your manliness), but also your «being among ours». Something like «You speak English like a true American».&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So yes, it's a compliment indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2442" LastActivityDate="2014-08-04T19:23:16.637" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7035" CreationDate="2014-08-05T08:27:15.683" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;В контексте статьи, чью ссылку вы предоставили, это переводится как &quot;андрогенные волосы&quot; или, в разговорном варианте, &quot;волосы на теле&quot;. Сам термин &quot;androgenic hair&quot; не зависит от пола и относится к волосам на теле как мужчин, так и женщин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4163" LastActivityDate="2014-08-05T08:27:15.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7087" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7091" CreationDate="2014-08-05T20:36:47.470" Score="1" ViewCount="574" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В раннем детстве он мало чем отличаются от остальных детей. Разве что жадностью. Своих игрушек никому не даёт, бережёт, предпочитает же играть игрушками чужими, &lt;strong&gt;ещё и заиграть норовит&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Источник: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.computerra.ru/104393/portret-predatelya-na-fone-epohi/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Портрет предателя на фоне эпохи (Компьютерра)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4167" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T14:14:06.937" Title="Что здесь значит “ещё и заиграть норовит”?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6857" CreationDate="2014-08-05T20:49:04.970" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Localization process was always quite tricky because, besides of the main purpose of translating the meaning of the text, there is another problem - it's the length of the resulting text. And statistically speaking, words in Russian language are about 20 to 50% longer than in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the word &lt;em&gt;Пуск&lt;/em&gt; is as short as english &lt;em&gt;Start&lt;/em&gt; and shorter than the word &lt;em&gt;Старт&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is quite noticeable here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Start&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пуск&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Старт&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although, without italic the difference is not so big:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Start&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пуск&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Старт&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4166" LastActivityDate="2014-08-05T20:49:04.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7087" CreationDate="2014-08-05T21:16:17.277" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;В данном примере, &lt;strong&gt;ещё и заиграть норовит&lt;/strong&gt; - означает, что он &lt;strong&gt;стремится украсть&lt;/strong&gt; чужие игрушки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-08-05T21:16:17.277" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7059" CreationDate="2014-08-05T21:48:37.273" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word you are looking for is &lt;strong&gt;Предел&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a wiki page about integrals: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Определенный интеграл&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see there terms &lt;em&gt;нижний предел&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;верхний предел&lt;/em&gt; meaning &lt;em&gt;lower cutoff&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;upper cutoff&lt;/em&gt; respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4166" LastActivityDate="2014-08-05T21:48:37.273" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7087" CreationDate="2014-08-05T22:04:28.780" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здесь, кстати, возможны даже три значения:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Заигра́ть&lt;/em&gt; — не вернуть вещь, присвоить ее себе. Но не украсть (как близко, но все-таки неверно отмечает @Dmitry), ибо &lt;em&gt;украсть&lt;/em&gt; значит тайно взять чужую вещь, а &lt;em&gt;заиграть&lt;/em&gt; значит занять (взять с разрешения), а затем не отдать, в частности (но не обязательно) при помощи метода, что в народе называется «не мытьем так катаньем» («да-да, конечно, извини, дома оставил, в понедельник принесу»).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Заиграть&lt;/em&gt; можно не только игрушку или что-то иное, чем или что́ &lt;em&gt;играют&lt;/em&gt;, но и любую другую вещь (книгу, например). Таким образом &lt;em&gt;играть и заиграть&lt;/em&gt; — это в данном случае небольшой каламбур.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это значение фиксирует, например, Елистратов &lt;a href=&quot;http://russian_argo.academic.ru/3959/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;в своем «Словаре русского арго»&lt;/a&gt;, но по мне оно не несет коннотаций с уголовным миром.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Заигра́ть&lt;/em&gt; — потерять. В словарях не видел, но хорошо гуглится по запросу &lt;em&gt;заиграть куда-то&lt;/em&gt; в разных словоформах:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Володька умудрился заиграть куда-то чудо-пустышку резиновую, из области привезенную. Приходилось ему в марлю кусок хлеба заворачивать и вместо соски давать... &lt;a href=&quot;http://morozovka.net/stihi-k-konkursu-den-pobedy&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Умудрился на морозе сломать накладку ..., кусочек отложил — думал приклею обратно..., но заиграл куда-то и найти не могу... &lt;a href=&quot;http://forums.drom.ru/mazda-familia-323/t1151666286-p734-print.html&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Заигра́ть&lt;/em&gt; — играя, привести в не вполне годное состояние, истрепать. Сравните с &lt;em&gt;носить&lt;/em&gt; → &lt;em&gt;заноси́ть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;гонять&lt;/em&gt; → &lt;em&gt;загоня́ть&lt;/em&gt; (о человеке / животном).  Это вполне буквальное значение. И оно фиксируется в большинстве толковых словарей: Ушакова, Ожегова–Шведовой и др. В эпоху винила в ходу было выражение &lt;em&gt;заиграть пластинку&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мои [кошки], например, любят огурцы, если спереть их со стола и заиграть до полной вялости. &lt;a href=&quot;http://pushkino.tv/forum/forum54/topic267/&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Первое, как видно из контекста, много более вероятно. Другие два приведены для ознакомления.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-08-06T01:05:38.190" LastActivityDate="2014-08-06T01:05:38.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7077" CreationDate="2014-08-06T01:42:42.803" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Don't forget that in contemporary Russian пацан also commonly means &lt;em&gt;thug&lt;/em&gt;. So, разговаривать как пацан can mean &quot;use prison slang&quot;. Obviously, if this was in response to &quot;&quot;было б здорово&quot; this meaning of пацан is quite an ovekill!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1604" LastActivityDate="2014-08-06T01:42:42.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7077" CreationDate="2014-08-06T06:24:03.567" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Forget about &lt;code&gt;пацан&lt;/code&gt; :) In this sentence you have a popular way of using the word &quot;настоящий&quot; as a connotation for making a compliment. As you are already &quot;настоящий пацан&quot; the word &quot;настоящий&quot; should be read/understood as some adjective with positive connotation like &quot;клёвый&quot;, &quot;крутой&quot;, &quot;классный&quot;, &quot;такой же как я(мы)&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The explanation about &lt;code&gt;пацан&lt;/code&gt; given here generally sound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastActivityDate="2014-08-06T06:24:03.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7094" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7095" CreationDate="2014-08-06T11:34:20.370" Score="11" ViewCount="710" Body="&lt;p&gt;how come that russian (русский) in context of ethnic group is adjective, but all(?) other ethic groups are called using nouns, американец, серб, эстонец, латыш, казах ...&#xA;Are there similar examples in other languages?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4171" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-08-06T19:43:05.513" LastActivityDate="2017-06-30T17:34:10.640" Title="Why Russians use adjective when speaking about their nation and nouns for the rest of the world?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;other-languages&gt;&lt;этнонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7094" CreationDate="2014-08-06T19:15:30.317" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не вполне пока понимая, как отвечать на вопрос «как так получилось», отвечу на вторую часть: есть ли аналогичные ситуации в других языках, когда автоэтноним (самоназвание) выпадает из общей схемы образования имен национальностей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Первое, что приходит в голову — это немецкий язык, где &lt;em&gt;Deutsche&lt;/em&gt; (что склоняется &lt;em&gt;ein Deutscher&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;eine Deutsche&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;eines Deutschen&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;einer Deutschen&lt;/em&gt; и т. д.) тоже субстантивированное прилагательное (ад’ективное существительное) от прилагательного &lt;em&gt;deutsch&lt;/em&gt;. Большинство же названий для других наций (возможно даже, что для всех) — нет, обычные существительные, и прилагательные образуются от них: &lt;em&gt;Russe&lt;/em&gt; (прил. &lt;em&gt;russisch&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;Amerikaner&lt;/em&gt; (ж. &lt;em&gt;Amerikanerin&lt;/em&gt;, прил. &lt;em&gt;amerikanisch&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;Este&lt;/em&gt; (прил. &lt;em&gt;estnisch&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;Lette&lt;/em&gt; (прил. &lt;em&gt;lettisch&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;Kasache&lt;/em&gt; (прил. &lt;em&gt;kasachisch&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-08-06T19:34:30.710" LastActivityDate="2014-08-06T19:34:30.710" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7099" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7100" CreationDate="2014-08-06T23:31:06.077" Score="6" ViewCount="214" Body="&lt;p&gt;I did a proficiency test recently and I wanted to clarify why I got some answers wrong. In the following examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Летом мы &lt;strong&gt;ездим&lt;/strong&gt; на дачу каждые выходные.&quot; -- It's &quot;ездим&quot; / ездить because it's done &lt;em&gt;usually&lt;/em&gt; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Завтра мы &lt;strong&gt;поедем&lt;/strong&gt; в Академгородок на маршрутке №15. -- It's &quot;поедем&quot; because it's &lt;em&gt;specific&lt;/em&gt; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Та женщина, &lt;strong&gt;которой&lt;/strong&gt; ты дал 100 рублей, где она сейчас? -- It's &quot;которой&quot; because it answers the question &quot;кому&quot; but the female form? (I had answered &quot;которому.&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мне не &lt;strong&gt;поднять&lt;/strong&gt; этот пакет. Помогите, пожалуйста.&quot;  Why is this &quot;поднять&quot; and not &quot;поднимать&quot; ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ребенок заплакал, &lt;em&gt;так как испугался&lt;/em&gt;.&quot; It could also be &quot;испугавшись&quot; because it's past perfect?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Приглашения удалось получить &lt;strong&gt;тем&lt;/strong&gt;, кто подал заявки заранее.&quot; It's &quot;тем&quot; because it answers the question &quot;кому&quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;благодарю!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4175" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-08-07T00:35:14.247" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T01:49:48.177" Title="uncertainty about some uses of motion verbs" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7099" CreationDate="2014-08-07T00:49:12.373" Score="2" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;‘Yes’ to all of your yes/no questions, with one little remark: a subordinate clause &lt;em&gt;кото́рой ты́ да́л сто́ рубле́й&lt;/em&gt; answers the question &lt;em&gt;‘како́й [же́нщине]?’&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;‘кото́рой [же́нщине]?’&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;‘кому́?’&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Подня́ть&lt;/em&gt; (i. e. perfective aspect) rather &lt;em&gt;поднима́ть&lt;/em&gt; (imperfective) is because he can not &lt;em&gt;carry out&lt;/em&gt; an action – lifting a bag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Although that is not the thing, you have to know at your level of Russian, &lt;em&gt;Мне́ не поднима́ть э́тот паке́т&lt;/em&gt; is a pretentious way to say “I’m not going to lift the bag”. I doubt that anyone would ever say this very sentence, but something like &lt;em&gt;мне́ с ни́м не жи́ть&lt;/em&gt; “I’m not going to live with him” is somewhat common colloquial expression, which implies “I don’t care of his merits / demerits”.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It could be &lt;em&gt;Ребёнок запла́кал, испуга́вшись&lt;/em&gt;, but in this case there would not be a semantic stress on cause. So it would not fit well as an answer to a ‘Why?’ question “&lt;em&gt;Почему́ запла́кал ребёнок?&lt;/em&gt;”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T01:49:48.177" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7077" CreationDate="2014-08-07T02:44:56.823" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would suggest that a good English translation is &quot;Homeboy&quot; (or &quot;Homie&quot;). The term has a similar hint of criminality, but it can also be used as (carefully) as a term of affection. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4176" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T02:44:56.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7059" CreationDate="2014-08-07T06:17:15.297" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;@DmitryAlexandrov: did those links to English examples help you?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, they helped of course. I’ve googled around the Web and made sure that @vix2 is absolutely right: &lt;em&gt;cutoff&lt;/em&gt; as a verb would be &lt;em&gt;обрезать&lt;/em&gt;, as a noun – &lt;em&gt;обрезание&lt;/em&gt;, though you may think that the latter sounds a bit funny (most common meaning of &lt;em&gt;обрезание&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;circumcision&lt;/em&gt; :-). You can found it both in books / articles, e. g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чтобы придать смысл расходящимся фейнмановским интегралам, вводится&#xA;  некоторая промежуточная регуляризация (ультрафиолетовое обрезание Λ).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www1.jinr.ru/Archive/Pepan/2003-v34/v-34-7/pdf_obzory/v34p7_01.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[A. A. Славнов. Симметрии и перенормировка]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Поэтому любое ковариантоное обрезание (такое, как в методе Фейнмана) будет автоматически гарантировать исчезновение собственного натяжения...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.ru/books?id=iEf5AgAAQBAJ&amp;amp;lpg=PA497&amp;amp;ots=vjCcjgrFjT&amp;amp;dq=%22%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%22%20%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;pg=PA497#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%22%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%22%20%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[С. Швебер. Введение в релятивистскую квантовую теорию поля]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...and at least in one dictionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;инфракрасное обрезание (ктп) — infrared cutoff&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ультрафиолетовое обрезание (ктп) — ultraviolet cutoff&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (‘ктп’ stands for &lt;em&gt;квантовая теория поля&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [V. D. Novikov et al. The Russian-English Dictionary of Physics. — RUSSO, 2004]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I am still not sure that term is used enough widely since a) there are too few occurences in google; b) somewhere it is explained in parentheses via English &lt;em&gt;cutoff&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таким образом, это соотношение показывает что величину инфракрасного обрезания (IR cutoff) нельзя выбирать независимо от величины ультрафиолетового обрезания.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.modcos.com/articles.php?id=25&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[Ускоренное расширение вселенной и голографический принцип]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But maybe the reason is that too few Russian quantum field theorist write in Russian or publish their preprints in the Internet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, may I ask why you need this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T06:17:15.297" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7077" CreationDate="2014-08-07T16:11:26.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning of пацан varies depending on the context; it can denote a boy of young age (with derivatives such as пацанёнок); a slang term akin to &quot;buddy&quot; for a male of your age (used mainly by peers in a highly informal conversation, male to male, women NEVER address a man like this); third, пацан means &quot;homie, thug, con etc&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4182" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T16:11:26.280" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2018" CreationDate="2014-08-07T16:14:35.493" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I deem голос с оттяжкой is a rough approximation of &quot;drawl&quot; usually with positive connotaion, likea  voice sounding melodious &amp;amp; serene. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4182" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T16:14:35.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7105" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-07T19:00:04.867" Score="3" ViewCount="386" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I discovered the word &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;склока&lt;/a&gt; and I was very surprised that its main meaning was &quot;to squabble&quot;. For squabble, I would have felt that ссора or драка would be more appropriate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is склока in any way, shape or form in current usage in Russian society? If two kids were squabbling, would the parents describe it as a склока? Or is this term more relevant to some book by Tolstoy or Dostoevski? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4183" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T18:48:24.673" Title="Is склока in current Russian usage?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7077" CreationDate="2014-08-07T20:11:48.577" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say &quot;Dude&quot; is a close parallel. Пацан is literally &quot;guy&quot;. &quot;Настоящий пацан&quot; is one who is to be admired and/or respected.&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T20:11:48.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7107" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7105" CreationDate="2014-08-07T21:23:53.820" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a passive vocabulary word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that English &lt;em&gt;fight&lt;/em&gt; could mean both &lt;em&gt;ссора&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;драка&lt;/em&gt;, but these two are totally different in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T21:23:53.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7105" CreationDate="2014-08-07T21:49:12.963" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not much used in speech: I think currently it is a tword you could sometimes use in a book or a public speech but not on the everyday basis. But yup, definitely a part of native speaker's pssive vocabulary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Judging by the Russian National Corpus &quot;склока&quot; is a primarily 20 century word, so it is unlikely Tostoy and Dostoevsky used it much in their work — the word existed before but was rarely used until the end of the 19 century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T21:49:12.963" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6754" CreationDate="2014-08-07T22:09:12.907" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Спешить is a description of the action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я спешу к поезду. Мне некогда с тобой разговаривать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я спешу на встречу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я спешу сообщить тебе что-то.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Торопиться is a description of the circumstance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я тороплюсь на поезд, поэтому у нас есть лишь 5 минут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я слишком тороплюсь! (и потому рискую ошибиться).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я тороплюсь как могу/изо всех сил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4184" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-08-07T22:09:12.907" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7105" CreationDate="2014-08-08T02:42:23.273" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adding a reference: &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=12&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Google Books chart&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word was never in a major usage and mostly used in 1920~1950. After 1950 its usage dropped nearly three times and remains at the same level until now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4064" LastEditorUserId="4183" LastEditDate="2014-08-08T07:40:47.493" LastActivityDate="2014-08-08T07:40:47.493" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7111" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-08T06:23:34.930" Score="-2" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;Планируется создание сайта в рунете, целевая аудитория - спортивные болельщики&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;имя сайта: словосочетание из двух английских слов&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;домен: .zone&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Будут ли эти моменты иметь негативное влияние?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Будут интересны любые соображения на этот счет, в том числе, Ваше субьективное мнение&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3498" LastActivityDate="2014-08-08T07:40:08.560" Title="Имя сайта в рунете на английском" Tags="&lt;информатика&gt;&lt;психолингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2014-08-21T21:29:55.977" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7094" CreationDate="2014-08-08T06:36:46.210" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that it is because there are no means in Russian to produce an ethnic noun from the word Русь. In related East Slavic languages the situation is as follows: in Ukrainian they use the word Росіянин, from the modern country's name Росія (Russia). Thus they cannot distinguish between ethnic Russians and Russian citizens. In Belarusian the situation the same as in Russian, they use an adjective. Only in Rusyn language they use a noun (for their own ethnicity which also originates from Русь), by using the suffix -ин which is not productive in similar circumstances in modern Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Well, there &lt;strong&gt;are&lt;/strong&gt; actually nouns for the Russians, the рус or росс and великоросс. The first two I only encountered in poetry and in scientific texts in plural form (русы) to refer to the ancient people of the Русь. This is because рус may be understood as short form of the adjective &quot;русый&quot; &quot;having blonde hair&quot;, and рос means &quot;grew&quot; or dew in genitive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word великоросс was widely used in 19th and early 20th century but later came out of use because of schauvinist coloring (along with the word &quot;малоросс&quot; for Ukrainians). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-08-08T06:52:35.893" LastActivityDate="2014-08-08T06:52:35.893" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7111" CreationDate="2014-08-08T07:01:11.657" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Site names in Latin script, particularly in English are a de facto standard in Runet because for a long time there was no technical possibility of domain names in Cyrillic (and still there can be trobles with it in some browsers). And I strongly discourage the transliteration of Russian words for the purpose. So I think either English name or a name originating from Latin, Greek or a similar sounding invented name written in Latin script would be appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-08-08T07:01:11.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7111" CreationDate="2014-08-08T07:37:50.707" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Про английский язык в имени уже сказала Anixx, мне кроме как +1 к ее словам добавить нечего.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что до доменной зоны &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nic.ru/cgi/na.cgi?js_on=on&amp;amp;step=n_a.ntld&amp;amp;zone=zone&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;.zone&lt;/a&gt;, то вы, здесь, вероятно, полагаете возможной ассоциацию с «зоной» — местом заключения. Мне сложно оценить психологию болельщика, но если намека на неприятную ассоциацию можно легко избежать, то лучше так и сделать, не правда ли?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но у меня есть и более кардинальное мнение на этот счет (возможно, из-за него вы сочтете меня ретроградом :-). Я полагаю, что все эти &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nic.ru/dns/domain/new_gtld/list.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;NewGTLD&lt;/a&gt;: .club, .vodka, .sexy и прочие вовсе не стоят того, чтоб их использовать. Имя веб-сайта должно быть узнаваемым именно как имя веб-сайта &lt;em&gt;само по себе&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы пишете на постере «football.ru. Болей за любимую команду онлайн!» — и все понятно, ибо все знают, что такое «точка-ру» или «точка-ком». Никто пока не знает что такое «точка-zone». И я не случайно написал &lt;em&gt;ком&lt;/em&gt; кириллицей, а &lt;em&gt;zone&lt;/em&gt; — латиницей, подумайте, как это &lt;em&gt;zone&lt;/em&gt; должно &lt;em&gt;звучать&lt;/em&gt;, когда его будут диктовать по телефону или рекламировать по радио, например. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-08-08T07:40:08.560" LastActivityDate="2014-08-08T07:40:08.560" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7094" CreationDate="2014-08-08T10:56:37.873" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;В русской википедии есть подробная статья - Этнонимы русских, там описан процесс субстантивации&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4171" LastActivityDate="2014-08-08T10:56:37.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7116" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-08T17:33:45.997" Score="5" ViewCount="7083" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am very curious about the Russian word “Toska.” The word that is difficult to translate in English and means loosely: melancholy, longing, boredom, spiritual anguish. How is this word written and accented in Russian using Russian letters? What does it look like? Also, how do you pronounce it? Thanks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4186" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-09-11T17:44:44.480" LastActivityDate="2014-09-19T19:42:09.533" Title="How do you say and spell “Тоска”" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2506" CreationDate="2014-08-09T02:37:57.830" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;(If 12 months later is not too late...) Per what Pavel indicates above in his examples, the use of &quot;Вообще - generally or on the whole&quot; is also extensively used in conversational speech, often to emphasize a point, as in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;И &lt;strong&gt;вообще&lt;/strong&gt;, в городе слишком много горя и переживаний.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Зачем тогда &lt;strong&gt;вообще&lt;/strong&gt; подходить к человеку и начинать с ним говорить?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can really feel the emphasis in the statement when вообще is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4175" LastActivityDate="2014-08-09T02:37:57.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7118" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-09T20:45:34.520" Score="4" ViewCount="552" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я наткнулся на него читая комменты под видео обзором игры.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ВОПРОС: &lt;strong&gt;Дятька&lt;/strong&gt; а вы нуб?﻿&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ОТВЕТ: ваще полнейший)))))﻿&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4187" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T18:40:49.820" Title="Что означает слово &quot;дятька&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-09-11T17:21:41.300" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7118" CreationDate="2014-08-09T21:50:06.757" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually &quot;Дядька&quot; (дядя) which is sometimes used coloquialy for &quot;man&quot;, &quot;fellow&quot;, &quot;dude&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-08-09T21:50:06.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7082" CreationDate="2014-08-10T03:46:17.443" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;же - yet, after all, at last&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;то&lt;/em&gt; - that, this, the&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Он &lt;em&gt;же&lt;/em&gt; не пришёл. - &lt;em&gt;же&lt;/em&gt; puts accent at &quot;came&quot; (he didn't came after all)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Он-&lt;em&gt;то&lt;/em&gt; не пришёл. - whereas &lt;em&gt;то&lt;/em&gt; is rather a pronoun than a pointing particle, a version of the word &quot;that&quot;. and is directing thus at exactly at who we talking about. if you wish may think of it as of english particle 'the' in a way. then one of possible translations would be as follows - that he then didn't came&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastActivityDate="2014-08-10T03:46:17.443" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7118" CreationDate="2014-08-10T08:10:14.093" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Хочу добавить к ответу Shady_arc что &quot;дядька&quot; или &quot;дядя&quot; имеет оттенок &quot;взрослый мужчина&quot; и даже &quot;мужчина старше (говорящего)&quot; (как &quot;дед&quot; или &quot;дедушка&quot; означает &quot;старый мужчина&quot; или &quot;мужчина гораздо старше меня&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это также подкрепляется местоимением &quot;вы&quot;, которое в неформальном общении используется для обращения к более старшим (по возрасту или статусу) людям - люди одного возраста обычно используют &quot;ты&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть скрытый смысл вопроса &quot;Ты такой большой, а играть толком не умеешь, да?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to add to Shady_arc's answer that &quot;дядька&quot; can also have a flavour of &quot;mature man&quot; or even &quot;a little bit older than me&quot; (like &quot;дед&quot; is &quot;old man&quot;, at least much older than the speaker). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is also backed by using the &quot;вы&quot; pronoun that is mostly used to elder (or having the higher social status) persons in informal speech (when the persons are of the same age they would likely use &quot;ты&quot; instead).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the &quot;real&quot; meaning of the &quot;Дятька а вы нуб?﻿&quot; is &quot;You are so mature, but play like a baby, isn't it?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-08-10T08:10:14.093" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7122" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-10T14:04:39.953" Score="2" ViewCount="320" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have recently seen both &lt;strong&gt;удержать(ся)&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;сдержать(ся)&lt;/strong&gt; used in the sense of &lt;em&gt;holding back feelings, tears, laughter,&lt;/em&gt; etc. Is there any discernible difference between the two in this usage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-08-17T19:26:09.880" Title="Difference between удержать и сдержать" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7122" CreationDate="2014-08-10T16:09:18.543" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;удержаться&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; means more to &lt;em&gt;&quot;refrain&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, to keep yourself from doing something. You may metaphorically imagine feelings being on a leash that you should keep in your hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;сдержаться&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (and &quot;сдержать&quot;) is more focused on &lt;em&gt;containing&lt;/em&gt; feeling, &lt;em&gt;suppressing&lt;/em&gt; it. Keeping it from poping out or keeping its magnitude to a resonable level. Keeping &lt;em&gt;under control&lt;/em&gt; (hence &quot;сдержанный смех&quot;=&quot;restrained laugh&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to say &quot;I could not help but...&quot; then &quot;Я не удержался от&quot; / &quot;Я не удержался от того, чтобы ..&quot; are the most obvious choice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's why they are interchangeable. Somewhat. These meanings are sometimes pretty close. If you provided the examples I could answer in more detail what should be used when.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-08-10T16:09:18.543" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7122" CreationDate="2014-08-10T16:51:51.303" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While both of these words can be translated into English as &lt;em&gt;keep&lt;/em&gt;, there are other translations and somewhat different meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Удержать&lt;/em&gt; usually means &lt;em&gt;to keep/to retain [something]&lt;/em&gt;.  For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Удержать удочку&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Keep/retain the fishing rod (e.g. when a large fish is hooked)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(However you cannot say &lt;em&gt;сдержать удочку&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сдержать&lt;/em&gt; also means &lt;em&gt;to keep&lt;/em&gt;, however it is either used in the sense of &lt;em&gt;refrain&lt;/em&gt;, i.e. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сдержать себя и не съесть всю коробку конфет&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Keep yourself from eating the whole box of chocolates  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(You can also say &lt;em&gt;удержать себя и не съесть все коробку конфет&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, very often, it's used with word &lt;em&gt;word&lt;/em&gt; as in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сдержать свое слово&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Keep your word&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(You cannot say &lt;em&gt;удержать свое слово&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, as you can see, these two words are similar in meanings and can in some instances be use interchangeably.  Yet, there are are cases when you can use one but not the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also words &lt;em&gt;сдержаться&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;удержаться&lt;/em&gt;, which have somewhat different meanings from &lt;em&gt;сдержать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;удержать&lt;/em&gt;. Those two words are mostly interchangeable (as @Shady_arc describes in his answer)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2014-08-10T16:51:51.303" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7116" CreationDate="2014-08-10T23:22:13.053" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can hear the exact pronunciation here for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru/%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://slovari.yandex.ru/тоска/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqJKMv09mww&amp;amp;t=25m30s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqJKMv09mww&amp;amp;t=25m30s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Опять &lt;strong&gt;тоска&lt;/strong&gt;, опять любовь!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2246" LastEditorUserId="2246" LastEditDate="2014-08-19T07:52:52.840" LastActivityDate="2014-08-19T07:52:52.840" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7116" CreationDate="2014-08-11T00:33:31.993" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Тоска&lt;/code&gt; - [tʌˈska]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;стеснение духа, томление души, мучительная грусть; душевная тревога,  беспокойство, боязнь, скука, горе, печаль, нойка сердца, скорбь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;further reading a definition from the dictionary by Dal you can find &lt;a href=&quot;http://dal.sci-lib.com/word040036.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and good web formatted description and further meanings you can find &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;сильное душевное томление, душевная тревога в соединении с грустью и скукой, тягостное уныние&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TOL7S.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-08-11T00:33:31.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7118" CreationDate="2014-08-11T00:40:31.807" Score="4" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;То же, что &lt;code&gt;дядя&lt;/code&gt; ; брат отца или матери, а также муж тёти (т. е. сестры отца или матери) по отношению к своим племянникам &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но потом приехал мой дядька, брат отца.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Любой взрослый мужчина &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Какой-то дядька сидел на стуле с гармонью в руках.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastActivityDate="2014-08-11T00:40:31.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7122" CreationDate="2014-08-11T01:15:22.770" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you confine the meaning to &lt;em&gt;hold back [tears]&lt;/em&gt;, the difference is very subtle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;у-&lt;/em&gt; prefix adds a hint of keeping something in the original state, and the &lt;em&gt;с-&lt;/em&gt; prefix suggests the action succeeded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from overall meaning difference, the meaning of prefix itself becomes quite prominent in &lt;em&gt;сдерживать напор&lt;/em&gt; (to successfully withstand pressure) vs. &lt;em&gt;удерживать напор&lt;/em&gt; (to keep the pressure at the same level).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Refer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81-&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;с-&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%83-&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;у-&lt;/a&gt; for more details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2014-08-11T02:23:22.830" LastActivityDate="2014-08-11T02:23:22.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7105" CreationDate="2014-08-11T02:40:05.530" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;While the noun &quot;склока&quot; is not widely used in everyday speech, the adjective &quot;склочный&quot; and, to a lesser extent, the noun &quot;склочник&quot; are quite common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3727" LastActivityDate="2014-08-11T02:40:05.530" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7132" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6788" CreationDate="2014-08-11T14:08:04.323" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your second example for the second meaning does not seem to be very idiomatic, at least not in American English. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;The elevator's broken, so we have to take the stairs. Thankfully it's only four floors. (=and not twenty!)&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; would sound more appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the Russian equivalent, most people will say:&#xA;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Лифт не работает придётся идти по лестнице. Хорошо что только четыре зтажа.&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&#xA;Note that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;по крайней мере&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, while will be understood, is not very idiomatic in this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3727" LastActivityDate="2014-08-11T14:08:04.323" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7134" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7136" CreationDate="2014-08-11T16:43:43.973" Score="10" ViewCount="1032" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could someone please explain how the expression жить можно is used and in what contexts? I heard someone say it in a movie, coming out of a store after buying lots of cool gadgets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2014-08-12T23:19:58.633" LastActivityDate="2019-03-17T22:33:50.917" Title="выражение &quot;жить можно!&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7134" CreationDate="2014-08-12T07:28:55.640" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;“жить можно!” when alone means &quot;it's Okay&quot;. Basically it has two meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The first used in a whole sentence as a part, e.g. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Мой друг сказал мне, что даже имея семью, &lt;code&gt;жить можно&lt;/code&gt; и в однокомнатной квартире&quot;. &quot;My friend told me that even having a family it's possible to live in one bedroom apartment&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The second one is just verbal positive agreement signal for a situation faced, used alone, e.g.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Что ты думаешь о том, что институт изменил правила экзаменов и теперь вместо двух устных экзаменов мы должны сдавать один письменный? - &lt;code&gt;Жить можно&lt;/code&gt;! &quot;What do you think about that the institute changed exam rules and now we have to sit one writing module instead of two speaking ones? - It's Okay!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastActivityDate="2014-08-12T07:28:55.640" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7134" CreationDate="2014-08-12T07:40:44.233" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another meaning is that &amp;quot;This is less than I expected, but nevertheless it is still acceptable&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Устроился вчера на работу. Зарплата, конечно, небольшая, но жить можно. - I have found a job yesterday. The salary is not high, but it is acceptable.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Купил с рук компьютер. Новые игрушки на нем подтормаживают, но жить можно. - I bought a second-hand computer. New games are running slowly, but it is okay for me.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-08-12T07:40:44.233" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7140" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7142" CreationDate="2014-08-12T21:49:55.040" Score="2" ViewCount="560" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following dialogue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А: Поговоришь с ним?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Б: - &lt;strong&gt;Очень надо!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know whether this means &quot;I really need to&quot; or if it's ironic and means something else altogether, like &quot;no way!&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-08-18T15:41:31.157" Title="Meaning of очень надо!" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7141" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7144" CreationDate="2014-08-12T22:13:36.370" Score="5" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw the following sentence in a dictionary and wondered how it makes sense to use a perfective here: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Коллекция подобралась постепенно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps I'm not understanding the sentence correctly, but it looks like &lt;em&gt;The collection came together -or- was selected little by little, gradually&lt;/em&gt;. Wouldn't a &lt;strong&gt;process&lt;/strong&gt; such as this elicit the use of the imperfective?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-08-13T10:12:28.963" Title="Use of the perfective with постепенно" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7140" CreationDate="2014-08-12T23:09:37.650" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The second option is correct, it's ironic and has an opposite meaning &quot;no way!&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Also frequently used form: &lt;code&gt;Больно надо!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-08-12T23:09:37.650" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7141" CreationDate="2014-08-13T04:23:23.437" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the idea is that the collection is already exists even if you are going to continue to add things to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4094" LastActivityDate="2014-08-13T04:23:23.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7141" CreationDate="2014-08-13T07:57:08.087" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe here &quot;постепенно&quot; serves well to substitute &quot;не сразу&quot;, i.e. the result was not achieved at first try or the person did not initially intend to make a collection but &quot;eventually&quot; it became clear that he had a collection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the verb already means there was a process, the adverb refers to how long the process leading to the occurence of an action of the verb had been. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a more obvious example of such use , &quot;Он медленно подошёл к столу&quot; also works and does not sound wrong to my ear. &quot;Я быстро пришёл к этому выводу&quot;, &quot;Том встал и быстро вышел&quot;, &quot;Родители приехали весьма и весьма быстро&quot;. All of these work (admittedly, here &quot;быстро&quot; is not only about &quot;speed&quot; but also means &quot;very soon, after a short time&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-08-13T08:03:32.930" LastActivityDate="2014-08-13T08:03:32.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7134" CreationDate="2014-08-13T09:26:57.193" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This can be used with sarcasm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Её муж содержит её детей от первого брака, и ещё она получает алименты&#xA;  от первого мужа. Жить можно!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-08-13T09:26:57.193" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7141" CreationDate="2014-08-13T10:06:05.770" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;постепенно&lt;/code&gt; indeed means &lt;code&gt;gradually&lt;/code&gt; but I would also be focused here on the verb &lt;code&gt;подобралась&lt;/code&gt;. Because it is not a common use case of this word. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strictly saying this word should be used when a speaker described a situation where some collection was chosen from a variety of collections whilst (s)he needed only one specific collection fitting to his/her particular purpose.  Like in this example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Код к электронному замку &lt;code&gt;подобрался&lt;/code&gt; не сразу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она была высокого роста, но, тем не менее, партнёр по танцам ей постепенно &lt;code&gt;подобрался&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another, much far use case of this word can be found it this example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Этот ранненый медвеженок &lt;code&gt;подобрался&lt;/code&gt; нашей группой во время экспедиции и был послан в зоопарк. Here in in the meaning of &quot;to be taken&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Зверь &lt;code&gt;подобрался&lt;/code&gt; к своей жертве на расстояние прыжка. Here in the meaning of &quot;to get closer&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that's another story :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the speaker's intention was just expressing the point that the collection had been completed with time delays or just not quickly, then the word should be changed on &lt;code&gt;собралась&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Коллекция собралась постепенно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time I believe that the certain sentence (as it is in the question) can be well and even equal to the latter in old fashion language, probably. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another point proving this statement could be the next consideration. In modern Russian language this word &lt;code&gt;подбираться&lt;/code&gt; usually requires a proper context with the conditions and requirements on for which purpose the main object, like the &lt;code&gt;collection&lt;/code&gt; should fit, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я собирался сдавать вступительный экзамен по литературе и, к счастью, к этому моменту у меня &lt;code&gt;подобралась&lt;/code&gt; коллекция великолепных эссе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нашему отделу дали новый проект, но шансов его успешно выполнить очень мало, так как коллектив у нас &lt;code&gt;подобрался&lt;/code&gt; не по этому профилю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As can be seen the word &lt;code&gt;постепенно&lt;/code&gt; is not the one which is used normally with &lt;code&gt;подобрался&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum up, I would say it's definitely possible in the expressing even simple idea of time delays during collecting - native speakers will not hear a mistake  in it, but at the same time that would make them expecting you are either extending a context or being originally from a previous epoch ;) Hope it helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastEditorUserId="4153" LastEditDate="2014-08-13T10:12:28.963" LastActivityDate="2014-08-13T10:12:28.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7149" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7153" CreationDate="2014-08-13T14:46:27.237" Score="6" ViewCount="344" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dictionary defines both &lt;strong&gt;угрожа́ть&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;грози́ть&lt;/strong&gt; as “threaten.” &#xA;Are they interchangeable in every case? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-08-13T14:59:23.273" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T21:26:51.917" Title="Difference between угрожать и грозить" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7149" CreationDate="2014-08-13T16:56:11.693" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They do have the same meaning, but quite different registers. &lt;strong&gt;Угрожать&lt;/strong&gt; is quite common, while &lt;strong&gt;грозить&lt;/strong&gt; is quite bookish if not outright archaic, apart from a few turns of phrase such as &lt;em&gt;это мне ничем не грозит&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;this does not hold any threats for me&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3522" LastActivityDate="2014-08-13T16:56:11.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7149" CreationDate="2014-08-13T16:58:11.303" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;'угрожа́ть' is more strange, for example, when some     criminal threaten his victim. In most cases it means that this threat has more chances to happen or may happen in short period of time. Also, you better look at russian vocabulary-wiki &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;'угрожа́ть'&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;'грози́ть'&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4149" LastActivityDate="2014-08-13T16:58:11.303" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7149" CreationDate="2014-08-14T08:11:02.273" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Грозить could mean a gesture, empathising a verbal threatening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, грозить кулаком, грозить пальцем, грозить палкой. That is, to shake some object, which may not be dangerous actually. Compare&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Грозить палкой = to shake a stick to empathise a verbal threatening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Угрожать пистолетом = to pose a real threat of using the gun&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;while&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Грозить пистолетом = to shake a gun in the hand, even if the gun is not charged, toy or without intention to use it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Расширение НАТО угрожает безопасности России = even if NATO does not express any threats verbally, they pose a threat by their potential.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to sum up, грозить - to threaten actively, usually shaking an object(may be non-dangerous one, such as finger) to empathise your threat, угрожать - to pose a real threat either actively or passively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Угрожать one can only to somebody or something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Химический комбинат угрожает экологии региона.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Свалка отходов угрожает чистоте питьевой воды.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Биржевой индекс грозит обрушиться в любой момент.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Засуха угрожает посевам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Засуха грозит плохим урожаем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T08:23:56.933" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7149" CreationDate="2014-08-14T08:35:34.230" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The words are often interchangable.  According to the ruscorpora.ru, &lt;strong&gt;грози́ть&lt;/strong&gt; has been used about 3 times more often than &lt;strong&gt;угрожа́ть&lt;/strong&gt; since 2001.  Here are the most notable difference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Threatening with something:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Грозить пальцем&quot; is to wave a protruded index finger meaning &quot;don't do it&quot;. You cannot say &quot;угрожать пальцем&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Similarly, to show somebody your fist in a threatening way is &quot;грозить кулаком&quot;, never &quot;угрожать&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When threatening somebody with a weapon, the word &quot;угрожать&quot; is used when the weapon is dangerous (&quot;грабители угрожали кассиру пистолетом&quot;, but &quot;старушка грозила собаке палкой&quot;).  Generally, for guns and knives &quot;угрожать&quot; is used, while for sticks and stones the verb &quot;угрожать&quot; is used only if there is a real danger.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Verbal threats (expressed or implied) usually require the verb &quot;угрожать&quot; (&quot;не смей мне угрожать!&quot;, &quot;террористы угрожали убить заложника&quot;), &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;unless these are empty and laughable threats (&quot;муж то грозил повеситься, если я его брошу, то в ногах валялся&quot;). For especially empty and laughable treats, &quot;грозиться&quot; is used (colloquial).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For expressions like &quot;компании грозит/угрожает банкротство&quot;, both verbs are used, &quot;грозит&quot; is more colloquial, &quot;угрожает&quot; is more formal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the noun &quot;опасность&quot; governs the verb &quot;угрожает&quot;, unless the speech is colloqial&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules of thumb:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in formal speech, &quot;угрожать&quot; should be used except for &quot;грозить пальцем/кулаком&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in colloquial speech, &quot;угрожать&quot; should be used if somebody&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;expresses threats which are either serious or the fact that he/she dares to threaten is serious&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;or threatens with a dangerous weapon&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2014-08-14T08:49:16.650" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T08:49:16.650" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7077" CreationDate="2014-08-14T09:22:22.320" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the best translation would be &quot;Soon you will be talking russian like a real fellow (real gangsta maybe? :) )&quot;&#xA;Or, maybe, to highlight slang nature of the word, one could say &quot;real fellah&quot; or something like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4202" LastEditorUserId="4202" LastEditDate="2014-08-14T09:33:17.973" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T09:33:17.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7105" CreationDate="2014-08-14T17:44:26.467" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is used, though, perhaps, not as often. Ссора is a synonym, but with different connotations -- it is generally more &lt;em&gt;dignified&lt;/em&gt;. Friends can be said to have поссорились, for example, without their ссора becoming a склока. Склока is never dignified -- for neither of the sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, склока may be translated as &quot;squabble&quot;, while ссора is more like &quot;break-up&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And драка is not even a synonym, for it must involve &lt;em&gt;violence&lt;/em&gt;. English &quot;fight&quot; may or may not imply actual violence, but драка always does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4204" LastEditorUserId="4204" LastEditDate="2014-08-14T18:48:24.673" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T18:48:24.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7118" CreationDate="2014-08-14T18:40:49.820" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Дятька&quot; is a misspelling (perhaps, &lt;em&gt;deliberate&lt;/em&gt;) of &quot;дядька&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4204" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T18:40:49.820" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="960" CreationDate="2014-08-14T19:54:16.603" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Get&quot; is also used in English instead of &quot;buy&quot;: &quot;Wow! Where did you get such a nice purse?!&quot; Like взять/брать it means obtaining without necessarily &lt;em&gt;purchasing&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That this more general term is used wider in Russian may be a left-over from Soviet times, when few things' nominal prices reflected their &lt;em&gt;value&lt;/em&gt; to the buyer. To buy something, you first had to locate where it is sold -- often by exchanging complicated favors with the would-be seller or other intermediaries. This made the actual transaction -- buying -- itself far less important in the whole process of obtaining. In other words, I tend to share texnic's &quot;well-developed&quot; theory...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4204" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T19:54:16.603" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7134" CreationDate="2014-08-14T20:09:48.413" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning of &quot;жить можно&quot; is &quot;tolerable&quot; or &quot;will have to do&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Могло быте и лучше, но жить можно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Could have been better, but it will have to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T20:09:48.413" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7149" CreationDate="2014-08-14T20:14:52.473" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Грозить&lt;/strong&gt; is transitive and &lt;strong&gt;Угрожать&lt;/strong&gt; is intransitive. Грозишь with something and Угрожаешь something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Грозить пистолетом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Угрожать жизни&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastEditorUserId="3859" LastEditDate="2014-08-14T21:26:51.917" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T21:26:51.917" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="960" CreationDate="2014-08-14T21:21:42.073" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not just buy, but sell as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;По чем дают туалетную бумагу?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я брал по 10 рублей&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most definitely stems from Soviet economics. Supply was so inadequate to meet demand, that money did not fit into the equation when speaking about acquiring necessities of life. My mom and dad often borrowed when articles of clothing and such were being &quot;given&quot;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-08-14T21:21:42.073" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7134" CreationDate="2014-08-15T02:30:53.197" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know far more English than I do Russian (disclaimer;-) but I should have thought that a fairly literal translation was an accurate expression of the Russian meaning, and also good idiomatic English: &quot;I can live with it&quot;.  Happy to be corrected by those who understand Russian better than I do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4205" LastEditorUserId="4205" LastEditDate="2014-08-15T03:48:17.647" LastActivityDate="2014-08-15T03:48:17.647" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7134" CreationDate="2014-08-15T08:12:02.980" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the particular scene of the movie &quot;жить можно&quot; was probably used in a [self-]ironic and a little boastful way, diminishing the overall coolness of all the gadgets bought.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4207" LastActivityDate="2014-08-15T08:12:02.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="960" CreationDate="2014-08-15T08:55:02.933" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Besides, I'm not sure that &lt;code&gt;взять&lt;/code&gt; actually had such meaning which can be understood in relatively wide context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, it has. Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Взял себе новую тачку недавно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bought myself a new car recently.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Взять&lt;/code&gt; (both with slang &lt;code&gt;тачка&lt;/code&gt; for a car) in this example does have a hint of rather coarse or street slang speech, though may be used ironically among people on good terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4207" LastActivityDate="2014-08-15T08:55:02.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7140" CreationDate="2014-08-15T17:01:10.883" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;in this context &quot;очень надо&quot; means &quot;I don't care&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In sense &quot;I really need it&quot; it is used mostly in sentences like:&#xA;eg &quot;Please help me to find this contact/film/book. Очень надо&quot;&#xA;That is short form of &quot;Мне очень нужно найти этот контакт/фильм/книгу&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This expression is used in spoken language and means mostly reluctance and disagreement. &#xA;In your dialog it also shows the state of being offended.&#xA;It means not only &quot;I don't care to talk with him&quot;, but also &quot;Talking with him kind of humiliates me&quot;, but it's not sarcastic or ironical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;p.s. this is my very first answer on stackexchange and I am sorry if I didn't comply with rules or tradition. hope it's useful!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4208" LastActivityDate="2014-08-15T17:01:10.883" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6975" CreationDate="2014-08-15T20:48:06.300" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'don't know if you are still interested in this translation. It's difficult case and I also had troubles with attitude, translating philosophical texts from English (and Italian) to Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Отношение&lt;/code&gt; means how you relate yourself with something, relations can change over time, like relations between people. Как ты к этому относишься? Means what do you think about it now and where you place yourself in the relation to the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Состояние&lt;/code&gt; means state, in your quote &quot;state of mind&quot;, something that can be changed. There is also other meaning of &lt;code&gt;состояние&lt;/code&gt; - smth you've accumulated, like money&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Поведение&lt;/code&gt; is definitely behavior&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Позиция&lt;/code&gt; is a position.&#xA;I would use &lt;code&gt;склонности&lt;/code&gt;, literally it sounds like &quot;inclination&quot; and means that you have a kind way of thinking, doing things, living, but it's not always conscious, cannot be changed only by will without being recognized. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4208" LastActivityDate="2014-08-15T20:48:06.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7122" CreationDate="2014-08-16T18:03:18.960" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say, that &lt;code&gt;удержать(ся)&lt;/code&gt; is used mostly in direct sense, eg talking about objects and physical action of holding things.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;сдержать(ся)&lt;/code&gt; is used in figurative sense, to stop smth that is often developing very fast and without control, weaken smth&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сдержать слезы - hold back tears&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сдержать натиск - stop attack&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сдержать эмоции - hold emotions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сдержать шаг - go slowly&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сдержать обещание - keep a word&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;придержать язык - keep mouth close, keep silence, secret (lit. keep tongue)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the rule of thumb - whatever you can keep physically use &lt;code&gt;удержать&lt;/code&gt;, what is not possible to hold in hands &lt;code&gt;сдержать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we talk about military attack - can be used both, as you can stop it physically or by negotiations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same about tears or laugh, when you try to stop laughing, you keep your hands near lips for example, so it's sometimes also physical action.&#xA;But definitely it's difficult to hear удержать слово (keep a word)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4208" LastActivityDate="2014-08-16T18:03:18.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7140" CreationDate="2014-08-17T07:04:42.097" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;One more attitude can be added here. If by context it's obvious that it's an irony so it's simple needed to put in in inversion: instead of &lt;code&gt;Очень надо!&lt;/code&gt;, &quot;I need it so much (it's very/really needed)&quot; should be read as &lt;code&gt;Не очень надо!&lt;/code&gt;,&quot;I don't need it&quot; but, speaker at the same time have an apology because basically it would be desirable to commit an action, but due to circumstances speaker's disappointed and now doesn't like to act (is not in a good mood or even doesn't strategically see a benefit in the offered action).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But technically, having these two phrases without a context we don't know for sure whether it's a direct intention like &quot;Yes, it's very needed&quot; or it's an irony &quot;I don't need it&quot;. Only context and background situation can make sense about what speaker thinks saying this.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastEditorUserId="4153" LastEditDate="2014-08-17T07:29:37.417" LastActivityDate="2014-08-17T07:29:37.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7122" CreationDate="2014-08-17T19:14:48.887" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Удерживают&lt;/strong&gt; материальные объекты, животных, людей.  Удержать means either to physically retain something or somebody or to convince somebody not to do something (удержать кого-либо от чего-либо).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сдерживают&lt;/strong&gt; нематериальное: эмоции, проявления эмоций (смех, слёзы и т.п.), натиск/атаку противника, слово/обещание/клятву (сдержать слово - to keep a word).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Удержаться/сдержаться&lt;/strong&gt; means to refrain from doing something which one wants to.  &lt;strong&gt;Сдержаться&lt;/strong&gt; is used when one wanted to do it because of anger or hate, &lt;strong&gt;удержаться&lt;/strong&gt; is used for all other cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не удержаться/не сдержаться&lt;/strong&gt; means that one wants to do something, tries to refrain from it, but fails (the temptation is too strong).  Again, не сдержаться is used only if he/she acted from anger/hate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Шарик не удержался и съел конфету Бобика. Увидев это, Бобик не сдержался и&#xA;  укусил Шарика. Собаки подрались.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Sharik knew that he should not eat it, but it was too tasty.  Bobik knew that he should not bite Sharik, but he was too angry.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2014-08-17T19:26:09.880" LastActivityDate="2014-08-17T19:26:09.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7174" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7176" CreationDate="2014-08-18T02:38:24.280" Score="2" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across the phrase, &quot;Passing yachtsmen raised the alarm after spotting him...&quot; Could I say the following using the verb &lt;code&gt;плавать&lt;/code&gt; with the prefix &lt;code&gt;про&lt;/code&gt; to indicate passing in order to bypass using the participle. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Яхтсмены, которые проплавали, поднимали тревогу...&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would I say this properly using the a participle for &quot;Passing yachtsmen?&quot; I basically don't understand how to form a participle with a prefixed verb of motion or even how to form a regular participle. I can just recognize them in text. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="993" LastActivityDate="2014-08-18T12:55:00.440" Title="How to properly translate &quot;Passing Yachtsmen?&quot;" Tags="&lt;participle&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7174" CreationDate="2014-08-18T05:03:28.447" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Passing yachtsmen&lt;/code&gt; it's definitely &lt;code&gt;проплывающие яхтсмены&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;adverbial participle of static actions usually don't have a prefix &lt;code&gt;про&lt;/code&gt;, compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Читащий, решающий, говорящий&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but some statically active (dynamic action in static position) can be with &lt;code&gt;про&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;проигрывающий (сидит на месте, но проигывает) , проворачивающий (сидит на месте, но проворачивает),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;adverbial participles of motion usually have, compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;проходящий, проплывающий, пробегающий, пролетающий, проползающий&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastEditorUserId="4153" LastEditDate="2014-08-18T12:55:00.440" LastActivityDate="2014-08-18T12:55:00.440" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7174" CreationDate="2014-08-18T05:27:15.343" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;...кото́рые пропл&lt;b&gt;ы&lt;/b&gt;ва́ли&lt;/em&gt; (from unidirectional motion verb &lt;em&gt;плы́ть&lt;/em&gt;), not &lt;em&gt;пропла́вали&lt;/em&gt; (from multidirectional / cyclical &lt;em&gt;пла́вать&lt;/em&gt;), cf. unidirectional &lt;em&gt;езжа́ть&lt;/em&gt; → &lt;em&gt;проезжа́ющие&lt;/em&gt;. As for prefix, I doubt that it can ever affect the way how a participle is formed. So it may be &lt;em&gt;Проплыва́вшие яхтсме́ны&lt;/em&gt; (past participle) or &lt;em&gt;Проплыва́ющие яхтсме́ны&lt;/em&gt; (present participle), both would be grammatically correct here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, though I do not know the context of course, most probably you want to say &lt;em&gt;подня́ли трево́гу&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;по́дняли трево́гу&lt;/em&gt; (perfective) rather than &lt;em&gt;поднима́ли&lt;/em&gt; (imperfective).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-08-18T05:32:58.213" LastActivityDate="2014-08-18T05:32:58.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7174" CreationDate="2014-08-18T09:17:28.273" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to previous answers, considering nautical/sailor own professional language, probably &lt;code&gt;проходившие яхтсмены&lt;/code&gt; could be better sounding than &lt;code&gt;проплывавшие&lt;/code&gt;. My father was in Soviet Navy and he &lt;em&gt;still&lt;/em&gt; hates saying or hearing something like &lt;em&gt;&quot;корабль плывёт&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, reasoning like &lt;em&gt;&quot;плавают люди, а корабли ходят&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, hence he argues &lt;em&gt;&quot;моряки ходят на кораблях&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;&quot;моряк плывёт&quot;&lt;/em&gt; in his opinion explicitly means &lt;em&gt;&quot;a sailor swims&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;&quot;a seaman sails&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4207" LastActivityDate="2014-08-18T09:17:28.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6975" CreationDate="2014-08-18T13:48:04.393" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this context to translate &amp;quot;attitude&amp;quot; I would start from phenomenon of &lt;code&gt;характер&lt;/code&gt;, though it's pretty far from literal translation. Probably would be needing to re-phrase something in the surrounding text according to the word, but it could pay off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У него бойцовый характер. &lt;em&gt;(He has a fighter's attitude / He's a figher)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какой он бесхарактерный! &lt;em&gt;(He's such a sissy!)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его мягкий характер не даёт ему делать карьеру. &lt;em&gt;(He can't make a career because of facile nature of his)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4207" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-08-18T13:48:04.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7140" CreationDate="2014-08-18T15:41:31.157" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's ironic. &#xA;Where it's not, it means &lt;strong&gt;to want something bad&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4213" LastActivityDate="2014-08-18T15:41:31.157" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7180" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7181" CreationDate="2014-08-19T00:23:25.153" Score="6" ViewCount="703" Body="&lt;p&gt;When dictating stories on his deathbed some 50 years ago, my great grandfather passed along to my great aunt the idea—which he got from his grandfather, a West Prussian émigré—that our last name, &lt;em&gt;Strehlke&lt;/em&gt;, means &lt;em&gt;arrow man&lt;/em&gt;. Many years later, my father stumbled upon the Russian word &lt;em&gt;стрелка&lt;/em&gt;, which, if we're not mistaken, means &lt;em&gt;arrow&lt;/em&gt;, and sensed a connection. Though I don't speak Russian, I did a little looking online and was unable to uncover the etymology of &lt;em&gt;стрелка&lt;/em&gt;. I'm wondering if one of you can help me find the origin of the word—I have no reason to believe that my family or our name is Russian, and I'd be particularly interested in any reason why the word or its root might be linked to a Germanic language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4214" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-01T19:16:39.690" LastActivityDate="2019-06-01T19:16:39.690" Title="Etymology of &quot;стрелка&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7180" CreationDate="2014-08-19T04:09:00.277" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Стре́лка&lt;/em&gt; indeed means ‘arrow’ in sense of ‘line with arrowhead’, ‘needle / pointer [of an instrument]’, ‘hand [of a watch]’ and so forth. It is a diminutive of &lt;em&gt;стрела́&lt;/em&gt;, which mainly stands for ‘arrow’ as a projectile. The modern German word ascending to the same PIE root is &lt;em&gt;Strahl&lt;/em&gt; /ʃtʀaːl/ (beam, ray).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your name, it’s not Russian of course, but suffix &lt;em&gt;-ke&lt;/em&gt; in combination with place of origin (Prussia) however quite clearly hints for Slavic roots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastActivityDate="2014-08-19T04:09:00.277" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7180" CreationDate="2014-08-19T04:09:51.690" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian word &quot;strelka&quot; (I use the transliteration only because there is no trouble to translaterate this word, as all used here letters have more or less exact Latin equivalents) is a deminutive from &quot;strela&quot;. The first word is used to denote an arrow pointer, a geometric arrow, the later is used to denote the projectile. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I doubt that a surname could originate from a geometric arrow or pointer, but there is also a related Russian word &quot;strelok&quot; which means a shooter (which in turn originates from &quot;strela&quot;). I suggest that your surname can originate from this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word is cognate to Lithuanian strēlà &quot;arrow&quot;, Latvian &quot;strę̀la&quot; &quot;arrow&quot;, &quot;stream&quot;, &quot;strip&quot;, Old English &quot;strǟl&quot; &quot;arrow&quot;, German &quot;Strahl&quot; &quot;beam, stream&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further etymology is uncertain. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-12-01T07:28:43.237" LastActivityDate="2014-12-01T07:28:43.237" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7183" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7180" CreationDate="2014-08-19T07:11:35.190" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Even the surname &lt;code&gt;Стрелка&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;arrow&quot;) exists nowadays in Russia and Ukraine. It deviates from Russian surname traditionally spelled  &lt;code&gt;Стрелков&lt;/code&gt; which turned into &lt;code&gt;Стрелк(о)/(а)&lt;/code&gt; in Ukraine the same way as Slavic second names deviated often in Eastern Europe, e.g. Czech Republic, Serbia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2019-05-30T20:46:55.420" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T20:46:55.420" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6754" CreationDate="2014-08-20T04:27:07.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not in a direct context of the question, but related to it giving some additional, not presented yet, info. Because also the word &lt;code&gt;спешить&lt;/code&gt; has another &lt;em&gt;Semantic property&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;meaning property&lt;/em&gt; in despite the writing/spelling is the same:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Спешить - вынудить спешиться, то есть сойти или упасть с коня, велосипеда и т. п., выйти из транспортного средства — &lt;code&gt;&quot;Какой-то французской офицер объезжает передовую цепь. — Не спешить ли его? — шепнул второй часовой, взводя курок.&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Opposite semantics, or antonym:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;посадить, усадить (например, в седло)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastEditorUserId="4153" LastEditDate="2014-08-20T04:34:11.747" LastActivityDate="2014-08-20T04:34:11.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7187" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7190" CreationDate="2014-08-21T06:33:09.747" Score="11" ViewCount="7277" Body="&lt;p&gt;I vaguely remember discussing the phrase &quot;не за что!&quot; with my Russian teacher and I believe that he said the phrase has different meanings when spoken in different ways. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do remember that one meaning is basically &quot;Hell no!&quot; What is the correct intonation/pronunciation for the phrase when its delivered with this meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there another meaning when the phrase is spoken with a different intonation/pronunciation? If so, what is it and how do I say it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user4217" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-15T03:56:18.600" LastActivityDate="2016-06-15T03:56:18.600" Title="Does the phrase &quot;не за что!&quot; have two meanings?" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7187" CreationDate="2014-08-21T07:03:24.053" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a native Russian speaker and it's hard to imagine other meaning of this phrase except this one : &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Not at all!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, this phase is used when somebody wants to say &lt;code&gt;&quot;Thank you&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to you and you pronounce this phrase in order to show that this was very easy for you, as you would answer &quot;You shouldn't thank me at all &quot; but &quot;thanks&quot; is omitted. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4219" LastEditorUserId="4219" LastEditDate="2016-06-14T19:01:25.657" LastActivityDate="2016-06-14T19:01:25.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7187" CreationDate="2014-08-21T07:33:08.100" Score="10" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I do remember that one meaning is basically &quot;Hell no!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase was &lt;em&gt;ни за что́&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;не́ за что&lt;/em&gt;, and is pronounced with accent on &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;, while &lt;em&gt;glad to help&lt;/em&gt; phrase &lt;em&gt;не́ за что [благодари́ть]&lt;/em&gt; is pronounced with accent on &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Full form of &lt;em&gt;ни за что́&lt;/em&gt; would be &lt;em&gt;ни за что́ на све́те&lt;/em&gt;, meaning no possible reward would make the speaker to agree to something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4207" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-08-21T07:50:32.650" LastActivityDate="2014-08-21T07:50:32.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7187" CreationDate="2014-08-21T09:41:03.763" Score="16" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;Не за что&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(phrase stress on the first word) is widely used as synonym phrase to &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;Пожалуйста&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; but with the meaning closer to &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;Not at all&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; rather than to &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;You are welcome&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;compare with,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;Ни за что&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(phrase stress on the last word) means &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;Hell no!&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;The hell I will!&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: As Andrey Chernyakhovskiy correctly added in his comment,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While these phrases are often used idiomatically, they themselves are not idioms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Не за что&lt;/code&gt; literally means &lt;code&gt;'there is nothing [to ... for/at/behind]'&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;не за что благодарить&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;there is nothing to thank for&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;его не за что винить&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;there's nothing to blame him for&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;не за что глазу зацепиться&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;there's nothing for the eye to be caught at&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;не за что спрятаться&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;there's nothing to hide oneself behind&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a particular case of a generic template &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt; + preposition + &lt;code&gt;кто/что&lt;/code&gt; in relevant case which is quite ubiquitous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-08-25T04:15:03.210" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7187" CreationDate="2014-08-21T11:00:47.440" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say &quot;Не за что&quot; meaning &quot;Это не стоит того&quot;. For example &quot;благодарить эту страну не за что&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3566" LastActivityDate="2014-08-21T11:00:47.440" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7193" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7194" CreationDate="2014-08-22T03:33:01.997" Score="9" ViewCount="707" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am learning Russian and I've stumbled upon this piece of text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't quite figure out what it says...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Однажды я гулял по лесу, вижу колодец. Подхожу к нему, захожу в лифт,&#xA;  сажусь на велосипед, завожу мотоцикл, тут Бац, ко мне кондуктор&#xA;  подходит, и говорит: ''Дядя, уступи место'' А я говорю что не курю.&#xA;  Так этот ребенок как начнет плакать! Но я не растерялся, и как дал ему&#xA;  по роже, а он хватается за коленку и кричит: ''Моя спина! Моя спина!&#xA;  '' А я думаю, может он совсем дибил? Выхожу я из этой электрички,&#xA;  смотрю, маршрутка стоит. Ну подхожу и говорю: ''винстон синий и водки&#xA;  0,5'' Ну она мне и дает bond и пиво, я беру эту приму и самогон, и&#xA;  убегаю от этих мусоров! Так эти пожарники меня на скорой догнали!&#xA;  Догнали и говорят: ''Вы сдачу забыли! '' Ну я беру килограмм яблок, и&#xA;  иду на базар торговать! Приношу, успел выложить эти бананы, тут же&#xA;  бабка подбегает, и скупает у меня все персики, и говорит чтобы все&#xA;  сложил в кулечек! А я думаю, что она совсем дура, как я ей 20 арбузов&#xA;  в сумку положу?! Взял я деньги и пошел домой! Больше я в лес не&#xA;  ходил... и грибы не трогал. Лучше в компьютер пойду поиграю!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems like a story of a guy, but I really can't quite understand it, and the translation software doesn't make sense as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4224" LastActivityDate="2014-08-22T03:51:28.103" Title="Learning Russian - Can someone explain what that means?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7193" CreationDate="2014-08-22T03:39:14.690" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The text is complete nonsense, it can serve as a good example of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophasia&quot;&gt;schizophasia&lt;/a&gt;. Obviously the text is intended to sound funny.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-08-22T03:39:14.690" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7193" CreationDate="2014-08-22T03:51:28.103" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;The giveaway is the sentence before the last:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; Больше я в лес не ходил... и грибы не трогал&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It hints that the person describing this nonsense has eaten some mushrooms in the woods and got hallucinated a bit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2273" LastActivityDate="2014-08-22T03:51:28.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7196" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-25T20:26:32.840" Score="1" ViewCount="326" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дело о миллионе программистов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Источник: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.computerra.ru/105643/delo-o-millione-programmistov/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.computerra.ru/105643/delo-o-millione-programmistov/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4236" LastActivityDate="2014-10-06T07:55:24.373" Title="В каком значении употреблено слово “дело ” в этом заглавии?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7196" CreationDate="2014-08-25T22:45:16.830" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Дело о миллионе программистов&quot; means &quot;The Case of Million Programmers&quot;.  The header is only loosely connected to the contents of the article. It is fairly common in Russian journalism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2014-08-25T22:55:20.970" LastActivityDate="2014-08-25T22:55:20.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7198" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-26T02:45:16.163" Score="5" ViewCount="1266" Body="&lt;p&gt;Coming from english, I don't see much difference in meaning between these words because they both translate to &quot;change&quot;.  Is it just a case of knowing with what situation it's supposed to be used in?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;менять:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Осенью погода часто меняется: утром холодно, днём тепло, вечером снова холодно. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я никогда не меняю деньги на улице, только в банке. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;изменить:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Когда я приехал в свой родной город через много лет, я с трудом его узнал: так он изменился! &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Каждый хочет изменить свою жизнь к лучшему. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="282" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-08-26T10:49:05.777" LastActivityDate="2014-08-26T10:52:00.200" Title="How do you know when to use изменить/измениться vs менять/меняться" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7199" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7198" CreationDate="2014-08-26T04:20:09.063" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Менять and изменить are not synonims. This pair of verbs is видовая пара. Менять is imperfective (несовершенный вид), изменить is perfective (совершенный вид). Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Вчера Вася изменил свою жизнь к лучшему, разведясь со сварливой женой.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;В последние годы Вася много раз менял свою жизнь к лучшему.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Вася постепенно меняет свою жизнь к лучшему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Родной город сильно изменился за последние годы.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Родной город много раз менялся за последние годы.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Родной город всё время меняется.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Learn about such grammar categories as несовершенный вид, совершенный вид, and видовая пара.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А synonim to менять is изменять.  А synonim to изменить are поменять.  They are mostly interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to exchage (money) is always менять (деньги).  Perfective is&#xA;обменять, поменять, разменять. For excanging one currency to another,&#xA;обменять (валюту) is most common. For exchanging banknotes or coins&#xA;of different value (i. e. a dime for two five-cent coins), разменять&#xA;is used. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to cheat a spouse or to betray somebody or something is&#xA;translated as изменить (кому-либу, чему-либо). Imperfective is&#xA;изменять.  Example: &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вася изменил жене. Хорошо, что он не изменил идеалам коммунизма!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-08-26T04:20:09.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7198" CreationDate="2014-08-26T10:52:00.200" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;These two even have different aspects. A more meaningful question would be, how &lt;strong&gt;менять(ся)&lt;/strong&gt; and  &lt;strong&gt;изменять(ся)&lt;/strong&gt; are different. Then поменять/разменять and so on naturally join the crowd :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, they are interchangeable &lt;em&gt;to an extent&lt;/em&gt;, in SOME meanings. The basic difference is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;менять = to &quot;modify&quot;(be modified) OR to &quot;replace&quot; something (be replaced by something else)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;изменять = to &quot;modify&quot; (be modified). And only that. The verb cannot mean that a thing not only changed its properties but got completely replaced by another thing.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that &quot;менять&quot; has a broader meaning, you can use different perfective counterparts for it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;change&quot; as in &quot;They changed their opinion&quot;. → &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;изменить(ся)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, also &lt;strong&gt;поменять(ся)&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;change&quot; in the meaning of &quot;exchanging&quot; things → &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;обменять/поменять&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;change&quot; as &quot;Last year they changed the headmaster (replaced by a new one)&quot; → &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;заменить/сменить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;exchanging cash when your money is so big that a seller cannot give you change → &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;разменять&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is yet another evidence that on a more advanced level you find that the aspectual pairs are just a practical thing, not the truth central to the language. That is, you will always have an aspectual pair at hand when you need to convert an &quot;event&quot; into a &quot;process&quot; or &quot;repeated event&quot; (or vice versa). However, in reality each prefix has a cloud of meanings, and there are no prefixes that &quot;just&quot; convert a verb into a perfective. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason you have &quot;pairs&quot; is that for most verbs there is one prefix with a meaning that very much overlaps the verb's own meaning. For example, when you replace someone — then the &quot;away&quot;, &quot;off&quot; meaning of the prefix &quot;с-&quot; overlaps your particular meaning of &quot;менять&quot;: removing something and placing something else there. So &quot;сменить&quot; becomes a natural perfective counterpart. &quot;Переменить&quot; also works, to an extent, though I would not use it myself that often. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &quot;изменить&quot;(изменять) has a second meaning: to &lt;em&gt;betray, fail&lt;/em&gt; someone. In a more specific meaning, to cheat on your wife or husband (though still used in combinations like &quot;My mind fails me&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-08-26T10:52:00.200" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7196" CreationDate="2014-08-27T05:37:47.917" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can be also translated as &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;A point of a million programmers&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article sheds light on perspectives of a million programmers due to changes happened. It touches a coming future for the whole branch of IT industry in the country. Of course as a standalone title it can be translated as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;A matter of ...&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;A case of ...&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or something sort of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;An agenda is a million of programmers&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;But&lt;/strong&gt; would not first two titles sound as a court case and the latter as a listening to a law project to be accepted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From this perspective it can be translated simply as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;The thing of/about a million programmers&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;A point about...&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with the meaning of &lt;code&gt;fate of ...&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;future (perspectives) of ...&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;comming changes for ...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-08-27T05:37:47.917" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="960" CreationDate="2014-08-27T07:15:03.250" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So why is взять or брать used instead of купить or покупать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Approximately for the same reasons that &quot;to pick up&quot; and &quot;to get&quot; are sometimes used instead of &quot;to buy&quot; in English. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3887" LastActivityDate="2014-08-27T07:15:03.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7196" CreationDate="2014-08-27T07:30:40.043" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Possible translations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;em&gt;case&lt;/em&gt; of a million programmers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The million-programmers &lt;em&gt;affair&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;em&gt;matter&lt;/em&gt; of a million programmers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4204" LastActivityDate="2014-08-27T07:30:40.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7205" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7206" CreationDate="2014-08-27T10:14:16.893" Score="4" ViewCount="410" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would I translate sentences like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;One should not treat others in ways that one would not like to be treated.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I can tell, the russian &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; version of this phrase uses the informal you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But is there a literal translation without rephrasing to a you-form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1829" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T06:39:08.847" Title="How does one translate &quot;one&quot; (as in this very question)?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7205" CreationDate="2014-08-27T10:26:03.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While the Russian idiom is indeed using &lt;em&gt;you&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;вы/ты&lt;/em&gt;) version, you could literally translate the English version using word &lt;em&gt;человек&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;person, human&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;One should not treat others in ways that one would not like to be treated.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Человек не должен поступать с другими так, как он не хочет, чтобы поступали с ним.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (or)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Человек не должен относиться к другим так, как он не хочет, чтобы относились к нему.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that pronoun &lt;em&gt;он&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;he&lt;/em&gt;) is only used because Russian word &lt;em&gt;человек&lt;/em&gt; is a masculine noun - the statement applies equally to men and women.  In fact, it's exactly for this reason that English word &lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt; is used, rather than &lt;em&gt;man&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;woman&lt;/em&gt;.  As in English, words for &lt;em&gt;человек&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;мужчина&lt;/em&gt; are one and the same - &lt;em&gt;man&lt;/em&gt; and hence using it in the sentence above is likely to be interpreted as addressing a male audience rather than human audience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, it's worth noting that Russian word-for-word literal translation may sound overcomplicated  due to double negatives.  Instead, you could turn it into a positive  version:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Человек должен поступать с другими так, как он хочет, чтобы поступали с ним.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (or)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Человек должен относиться к другим так, как он хочет, чтобы относились к нему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2014-08-27T10:26:03.843" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7205" CreationDate="2014-08-27T10:29:25.627" Score="9" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;you can use &lt;em&gt;generic 2nd person&lt;/em&gt;, which is typical for proverbs and morals. Use Singular but &lt;strong&gt;without&lt;/strong&gt; pronoun:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не относись к другим так, как не хочешь, чтобы относились к тебе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You can opt for infinitive impersonal sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не следует относиться к другим людям так, как не хочешь, чтобы относились к тебе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literal treatment would be &lt;em&gt;“Человек не должен относиться к другим так, как не хочет, чтобы люди относились к нему”&lt;/em&gt; but it is weird and is not typical for such constructions (sounds non-native, i.e. a person knows Russian but obviously lacks experience with how people do and do not say things).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-08-27T16:08:36.547" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7187" CreationDate="2014-08-27T14:11:35.410" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also an idiom &quot;Ни за &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt; ни про &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. It means &quot;for nothing&quot;, &quot;without a reason&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example &quot;Человека избили ни за что ни про что!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4242" LastActivityDate="2014-08-27T14:11:35.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7209" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-27T16:58:58.743" Score="7" ViewCount="8421" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a good bilingual Russian dictionary with IPA transcription only for the Russian section?&#xA;Any of the following options is okay: English-Russian-English or, instead of English, Italian, French, Spanish or Portuguese.&#xA;Thank you very much indeed for your help.&#xA;Abele Cansella &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4243" LastActivityDate="2020-10-18T18:10:27.950" Title="Russian dictionary with IPA transcription" Tags="&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7209" CreationDate="2014-08-27T17:31:45.530" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;IPA is not suitable for the Russian language. Most Russian dictionaries do not have transcription, because the pronunciation can be easily derived from the spelling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-10-18T18:10:27.950" LastActivityDate="2020-10-18T18:10:27.950" CommentCount="20" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7209" CreationDate="2014-08-27T18:37:09.803" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA#Pronunciation&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; has IPA for most Russian words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-08-27T18:37:09.803" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7212" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7209" CreationDate="2014-08-28T21:03:48.070" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also a dictionary of words' stresses of Russian. It could be helpful at studying Russian, consider the stresses are less straightforward than transcription:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://slovari.yandex.ru/~%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%20%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Зарва М.В. Русское словесное ударение: Словарь. - Около 50 000 слов. - М.: Изд-во НЦ ЭНАС, 2001. - 600 с.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4242" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-08-29T18:41:44.577" LastActivityDate="2014-08-29T18:41:44.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7213" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7214" CreationDate="2014-08-30T20:41:33.117" Score="10" ViewCount="569" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a traditional household, I'm curious.. In what sense do people talk to one another?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does a father talk to his children using &quot;вы&quot;? или &quot;ты&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To the same respect, does a child refer to his parents as &quot;вы&quot;, или &quot;ты&quot;?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm just curious because the ты version is for informal conversations, but in most European languages, speaking in the &quot;ВЫ&quot; sense would be respectful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1571" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-02-22T20:05:16.120" LastActivityDate="2019-02-22T20:05:16.120" Title="How does a traditional family address one another?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7213" CreationDate="2014-08-30T21:01:22.633" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt; is used when addressing parents/children.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But if a child is not very close to the grandparents, uncles, aunts etc (for instance - see them very rarely), &lt;code&gt;вы&lt;/code&gt; is used.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Practically, the addressing form for a particular relative is usually established in the early childhood and remains for the whole life.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More detailed description: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E2%80%93V_distinction#Russian&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2014-08-30T21:06:59.330" LastActivityDate="2014-08-30T21:06:59.330" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7213" CreationDate="2014-08-30T22:09:06.633" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern language always ты is used between parents and children (unless the person who makes address wants to explicitly underline they do not recognize the other party as their relatives).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Addressing in such circumstances by вы would mean &quot;I do not know you and do not want to, I do not recognize you as my father/son, who are you to me?&quot;, this may be used in a case of formal non-recognition of the familial relationship or in a case of extreme conflict.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-08-30T22:19:08.720" LastActivityDate="2014-08-30T22:19:08.720" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7213" CreationDate="2014-08-30T23:12:15.367" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Don't know if personal experience is indicative, but my own experience corroborates Dmitry's reply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have always addressed members of my family using &lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt;, which included my mother, my father, one of my grandmothers who lived with us. The other grandmother which lived separately I've never felt close and never considered part of my family but on the other hand I've always respected her highly; and thus I've always used &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt; to address her. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My uncles and aunts I always addressed using &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt; except one, who was very sympathetic to me. My cousins always got &lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I knew of only one family where a child addressed his parents with &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt;, and that family was quite peculiar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2284" LastActivityDate="2014-08-30T23:12:15.367" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7213" CreationDate="2014-08-30T23:17:24.307" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on family. But most common is to refer to parent and child as &quot;ты&quot; and to grandparent as &quot;вы&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Горе от ума. А.С.Грибоедов&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ah! grand' maman, вот чудеса! вот ново!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Вы не слыхали здешних бед?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Послушайте. Вот прелести! вот мило!..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Капитанская дочка. А.С.Пушкин&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Матушка  твоя, узнав  о  твоем поединке  и  о том, что ты ранен,  с&#xA;  горести  занемогла  и  теперь лежит.  Что из  тебя будет? Молю бога, чтоб ты&#xA;  исправился, хоть и не смею надеяться на его великую милость.&#xA;       Отец твой А. Г.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Тарас Бульба. Н.В. Гоголь&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Не смейся, не смейся, батьку! -- сказал наконец старший из них.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -- Смотри ты, какой пышный! А отчего ж бы не смеяться?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -- Да так, хоть ты мне и батько, а как будешь смеяться, то, ей-богу, поколочу!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -- Ах ты, сякой-такой сын! Как, батька?.. -- сказал Тарас Бульба, отступивши с удивлением несколько шагов назад.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -- Да хоть и батька. За обиду не посмотрю и не уважу никого.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4242" LastActivityDate="2014-08-30T23:17:24.307" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7213" CreationDate="2014-08-30T23:18:26.420" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Random facts in addition to other answers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Among upper class since XVIII (when &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt; was established as formal singular) until early XX century (Socialist Revolution) children saying &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt; to their parents (while parents said &lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt; to them) were not unusual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мама, вы&lt;/em&gt; seems to be one of typical addressing forms to mother-in-law nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;As regards permanency addressing form established in childhood (see @Dmitry’s answer), there seems to be exceptions. In fact, that is the only case when somebody switch over from &lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt; to &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt; which is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; implying worsening relations, I can imagine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I in person had changed form of address for several not very close relatives from e. g. &lt;em&gt;дядя Игорь, ты&lt;/em&gt; → &lt;em&gt;Игорь Владимирович, вы&lt;/em&gt; when grew up (they still call me &lt;em&gt;Дима, ты&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, shifting from &lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt; to &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt; indeed is not common. That implies, that hence it’s highly unusual to address &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt; to children, not only to your own or in family, I mean, but anywhere to any children; a person who knew you well in your childhood, not only relative, but, for instance, school teacher who taught you since the fifth grade (i. e. 11–12 y. o.), most probably would say you &lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt; forever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-08-31T01:01:12.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7219" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-08-31T02:24:35.520" Score="3" ViewCount="241" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw a reference to an old Russian measurement called Saja, if that is the correct pronunciation. What is the modern day equivalent of that? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4255" LastActivityDate="2014-09-01T04:24:46.917" Title="Modern equivalent of saja" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7219" CreationDate="2014-08-31T06:00:58.433" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looks like you are asking about &lt;strong&gt;сажень&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1 сажень = 7 English feet = 84 inches = 2,1336 meters&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not used since 1924 when metric system became mandatory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently it is mentioned in proverbs and other sayings only, like &quot;Косая сажень в плечах&quot;, etc. (Technically &quot;косая сажень&quot; is bigger measure than &quot;сажень&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good article is on &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C&quot;&gt;Russian Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-08-31T06:00:58.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7209" CreationDate="2014-08-31T13:11:26.540" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The closest thing to a dictionary with transcription that I've found online is &lt;a href=&quot;http://rifmovnik.ru/find&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rhymes&lt;/a&gt;, which gives full declensions for nouns and adjectives, as well as full conjugations of verbs, and can optionally display pronunciation. However, the transcription is not IPA, but rather a cyrillic based system which you can easily learn. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you enter a word, you have to choose &lt;strong&gt;словоформа&lt;/strong&gt; from the drop-down menu and then check &lt;strong&gt;транскрипция&lt;/strong&gt; on the definition page for the transcription. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-08-31T13:11:26.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2921" CreationDate="2014-08-31T13:52:42.040" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to add to the answer by Dmitry Alexandrov some information about the origins of the suffixes. The suffix -аст-, -ист- comes from Proto-Indo-European superlative suffix -isto- while -т- comes from PIE adjectival suffix -to-. So the both retain their meanings to an extent, although the former is usually used as augmentative rather than superlative in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, in PIE we have: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;a̯rtos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - fitting&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;a̯ristos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - of the best sort &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ğra̯utos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - heavy&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ğra̯u̯istos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - heaviest&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A derived superlative suffix one can observe in English, the -est. &#xA;For instance, in the word &lt;em&gt;longest&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;lt; PIE &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;dlonghistos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-08-31T15:18:17.677" LastActivityDate="2014-08-31T15:18:17.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7223" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7224" CreationDate="2014-08-31T14:34:10.020" Score="9" ViewCount="2561" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I was heckled by a fellow student of mine for saying &quot;Я вижу Лору&quot; (I see Laura). Since Laura (presumably) is not a Russian name, she insisted on &quot;Я вижу Лора&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So when to decline, when not to?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We learned not to decline coffee (e.g. &quot;торт с кофе&quot;), but obviously you should decline Gin (e.g. &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD&quot;&gt;Коктейли с джином&lt;/a&gt;&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any general rule at play here, or does one just have to learn it on a word-by-word basis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1829" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2014-08-31T15:33:30.010" LastActivityDate="2014-09-01T13:42:03.307" Title="Non-Russian names: to decline or not to decline?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7223" CreationDate="2014-08-31T15:21:09.590" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right that Лора declines in Russian, and here are the rules (source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nazovite.ru/sklonenie/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.nazovite.ru/sklonenie/&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following personal names decline:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;all names (masculine and feminine, Russian and non-Russian) which &lt;strong&gt;end in -а or -я&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;This is your case.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;masculine&lt;/strong&gt; names which &lt;strong&gt;end in any consonant&lt;/strong&gt; (согласный), including -й.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Feminine&lt;/strong&gt; names which end in &lt;strong&gt;-ь&lt;/strong&gt; (мягкий знак).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For this last rule, there may be exceptions for some non-Russian names.  For instance, the elven name Galadriel (Галадриэль) may or may not decline in Russian. Google finds that both &quot;с Галадриэлью&quot; and &quot;с Галадриэль&quot; are popular.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;all of these decline as other Russian nouns with the same gender and ending (окончание).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the source doesn't mention it, but &lt;strong&gt;masculine&lt;/strong&gt; names which end in &lt;strong&gt;-ь&lt;/strong&gt; decline too. This can be checked with &quot;Хорь и Калиныч&quot; by Иван Тургенев or with French name Поль. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the wiktionary article&lt;/a&gt; about how these decline.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All other personal names don't decline. These are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;masculine names which end in a vowel other than -а, -я&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;feminine names which end in anything other than -а, -я, -ь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-а, -я, -ь? Decline! (With some exceptions for non-Russian feminine names which end in -ь; see below for another exception)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Masculine and a consonant? Decline!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Anything else? Don't decline!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: one more exception: French names like Николя (Nicholas), which in French end in a silent consonant, do not decline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2014-09-01T13:42:03.307" LastActivityDate="2014-09-01T13:42:03.307" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7225" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7223" CreationDate="2014-08-31T15:48:01.350" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add to a more elaborate answer by &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;user31264&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, in Russian almost all foreign nouns that happily fall under one of the usual declension patterns for masculine or feminine nouns do decline as if they were native Russian words. Namely:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;soft or hard consonant-ending&lt;/em&gt; masculine nouns.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;-а/-я, -ия&lt;/em&gt;-ending feminine nouns.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Works for names, too. Usually names and family names in -а/-я decline but there is an exception: when the final &lt;em&gt;-a&lt;/em&gt; is stressed, foreign last names are indeclinable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-08-31T15:48:01.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="392" CreationDate="2014-08-31T20:16:55.700" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can give you a precise anecdote about old slavic ( not exactly church slavonic but I think this should be the same language ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One day in Ukraine I was showed a old slavic book by a friend ( which was perfectly understanding Russian ). We even couldn't understand what the book was about. Not only the language was different from Russian language but also the alphabet. So anyway my Friend couldn't understand anything, or just some words that looked familiar to him, same I saw indeed some words looking the same or almost the same than in Russian but that was just maybe 1% of the worlds, the rest looking like code . We had to send scanned copies to a old slavic language specialist so that we could get an understanding of the text (which appeared to be an interesting text of rules for a monastery) . Honnestly I would say it is very hard ( and in fact practically imposible ) to understand Old Russian Slavic for the normal Russian person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user4256" LastEditorDisplayName="user4256" LastEditDate="2014-08-31T20:23:26.893" LastActivityDate="2014-08-31T20:23:26.893" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7227" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7219" CreationDate="2014-09-01T04:24:46.917" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a picture of what &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bWtuZ.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;сажень&lt;/a&gt; is.&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IfQt7.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-09-01T04:24:46.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="960" CreationDate="2014-09-01T07:47:39.397" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;(I am not a Russian native speaker so I don't intend this answer to be a reference) .&#xA;From my experience , people here would say all the time for example взял пива to say that they bought some beers in the shop ( not just that they took them from the fridge ) , but they would use купить when buying a house , a brand new washing machine from Europe or a (decent) car or something that looks as an important and serious transaction. They could also use взять if they buy some sort of really old bad low-cost car, meaning they managed to get a car. This is how I could interpret this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user4256" LastActivityDate="2014-09-01T07:47:39.397" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="392" CreationDate="2014-09-01T10:53:59.240" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Church Slavonic is an artifical language created by orthodox missioners. It was based on southern-bulgarian dialect of slavonic language native to Saints Cyril and Methodius who created it. Its grammar is influenced by Greek language in both sentence structure and word structure. &#xA;It looks like it is similar to Russian but it isn't so similar. And native russian speakers are making a lot of mistakes when trying to understand it. There are a lof of paronyms, words that different meanings in both languages. For example &quot;живот&quot; is  &quot;жизнь&quot; in russian. Some words can have completely opposite meaning, for example &quot;непостоянный&quot; in russian is &quot;inconstant&quot; but in CS it is &quot;The one whom nobody can withstand against&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4094" LastActivityDate="2014-09-01T10:53:59.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7234" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7235" CreationDate="2014-09-01T15:32:31.560" Score="14" ViewCount="34046" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть ли в русском языке какой-то аналог шутки &quot;that's what she said?&quot; Если нет, то как правильно это можно перевести?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот страница на &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=that%27s%20what%20she%20said&quot;&gt;urbandictionary&lt;/a&gt; и &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIWrFNDKQ6o&quot;&gt;примеры&lt;/a&gt; использования данной шутки в контексте.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В одном из переводов сериала &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Office_(U.S._TV_series)&quot;&gt;The Office&lt;/a&gt; эту фразу перевели как &quot;слова моей подружки&quot;. Не уверен, что такой вариант можно назвать лучшим.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="417" LastActivityDate="2021-02-16T01:56:37.320" Title="Аналог/перевод шутки &quot;that's what she said&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="10" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7234" CreationDate="2014-09-01T18:34:43.817" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have just found this expression (that's what she said) on the Internet translated as &quot;гусары, молчать&quot;. It is also used when somebody can only think of sexual connotation of a sentence or an expression. It comes from a well-known joke: &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.lingvo.ru/actualthread.aspx?tid=76781&quot;&gt;http://forum.lingvo.ru/actualthread.aspx?tid=76781&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also a popular expression &quot;каждый понимает в меру своей испорченности&quot; that can be used in this case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какой большой шарик!&#xA;Кхм...что ты имеешь в виду?&#xA;Ну, каждый понимает в меру своей испорченности!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="267" LastEditDate="2014-09-01T18:49:24.620" LastActivityDate="2014-09-01T18:49:24.620" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7236" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7237" CreationDate="2014-09-01T21:31:52.270" Score="8" ViewCount="1551" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;напугал кота сосиской&quot; seems to be an idiom. Is it? What does it mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1829" LastActivityDate="2014-09-03T04:24:24.087" Title="напугал кота сосиской - Is it an idiom?" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7236" CreationDate="2014-09-01T21:40:23.337" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. It's an idiom. It means &quot;to scare a cat with a sausage&quot; - a ridiculous threat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4242" LastActivityDate="2014-09-01T21:40:23.337" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7234" CreationDate="2014-09-01T21:52:13.593" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literally &quot;сказала она&quot;. But this kind of joke not so popular in Russia.&#xA;For clarity you can use ellipsis &quot;... сказала она&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example from UD:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Make sure it's long enough.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;That's what she said!&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Убедись, что он достаточно длинный.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;... сказала она!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4242" LastActivityDate="2014-09-01T21:52:13.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7234" CreationDate="2014-09-02T01:33:34.840" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No for the analogue in Russian. There is no a direct Russian analogue, but the translation is pretty direct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;That's what she said!&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;Она это сказала&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; can be used with the meaning &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;Не я это сказал&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; or even &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;Так говорят&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can be also used to make an accent on a person who said it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;code&gt;Она &lt;/code&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;сама&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;code&gt; так сказала&lt;/code&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or to show doubts, as in the example below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;John is on the phone with his Director of Human Resources (DHR).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;DHR: &amp;quot;John, your manager Mike said you do your work very slowly.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;John: &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;That's what he said.&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;can express here a doubt &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;Это &lt;/code&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;только он&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;code&gt; так говорит!&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; with the meaning as &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;It's doubtful&amp;quot; &lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-09-05T09:46:40.297" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7236" CreationDate="2014-09-02T07:28:49.800" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some variations of this, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Напугал кота сметаной&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Напугал кота котлетой!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Means &lt;code&gt;&quot;trying to scare a cat with a piece of steak&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also some other animals are involved to in the similar pattern and meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Напугал кобеля буханкой&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Above animals do like a food mentioned, but a hedgehog just doesn't care, isn't afraid of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Напугал ежа голой жопой&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Means &lt;code&gt;&quot;[you are] scaring a hedgehog with a bare ass&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;other:&#xA;&lt;code&gt;напугал козла капустой&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;напугал козла огородом&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;напугал барана новыми воротами&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same attitude can be expressed by a bit different but close analogue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;не так страшен черт, как его малюют&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastEditorUserId="4153" LastEditDate="2014-09-02T08:54:46.910" LastActivityDate="2014-09-02T08:54:46.910" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7241" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7242" CreationDate="2014-09-02T19:36:03.010" Score="11" ViewCount="6825" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many years ago, more than ten, I stopped studying Russian. Even quite understand things, I can read and understand (almost) without problems. However I would like to practice and improve my Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However in my last move I lost some of the material I had, including a table of declensions which unfortunately I could not recover. I searched a similar online, without success so far. What I seek is to have something with which I could see at a glance the endings for each case, according to the gender and number. (I Remember that there is a paradigm for nouns and another for adjectives). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And since I found this fabulous site, I thought maybe someone might have thought of somewhere or something to help me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact I don't need the table as is done, I am a typographer and I can compose my own, is enough to have declension paradigms and examples, I can do the rest and share it with you later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4225" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-09-02T20:07:20.327" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T01:22:19.510" Title="Declension chart" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;resources&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7241" CreationDate="2014-09-02T19:50:01.697" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand, you are asking about declension table for printing. Actually, there are lots of them around the Internet. For instance, on &lt;a href=&quot;http://learnrussian.rt.com/grammar-tables/declension/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;LearnRussian.RT&lt;/a&gt; (check the other tables there also). It’s quite impossible to say, which of them do you recall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also would suggest to use a dictionary, where you can look for declension / conjugation of any specific Russian noun, adjective / verb. That is &lt;em&gt;Грамматический словарь русского языка А. А. Зализняка&lt;/em&gt; and it is also available online: &lt;a href=&quot;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/query.cgi?root=/usr/local/share/starling/morpho&amp;amp;morpho=1&amp;amp;basename=morpho%5Czaliznia%5Cdict&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;original version&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.morfologija.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;with community inprovements&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-09-02T20:15:26.967" LastActivityDate="2014-09-02T20:15:26.967" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7234" CreationDate="2014-09-02T23:26:54.493" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Слова моей подружки&quot;, конечно, очень топорно. Вообще трудно адекватно перевести эту шутку, как и вообще переводить шутки и каламбуры. Я бы, может быть, перевел -- &quot;как тебе не стыдно!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему-то вспоминается фильм &quot;Борат&quot;, где какой-то американец в самом начале учит главного героя шутить, прибавляя в конце фразы слово &quot;not&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3887" LastEditorUserId="3887" LastEditDate="2014-09-03T08:01:55.553" LastActivityDate="2014-09-03T08:01:55.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7247" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-03T01:25:12.950" Score="5" ViewCount="551" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, in the sentence &quot;Great people are not always wise.&quot; I know I could say something like Великие люди иногда не мудрые but is there a more elegant way to say this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4269" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T19:29:50.257" Title="What's the best way to render &quot;not always&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7247" CreationDate="2014-09-03T02:03:28.610" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the literal translation &lt;code&gt;не всегда&lt;/code&gt; better fits your needs:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Великие люди не всегда мудры.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2014-09-03T09:35:41.353" LastActivityDate="2014-09-03T09:35:41.353" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7249" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7236" CreationDate="2014-09-03T04:24:24.087" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to many examples that Ruslan Gerasimov has made there is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Только не бросай меня в терновый куст.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A phrase which comes from a folk tale, where a rabbit begs a wolf who has captured him, to do whatever the wolf desires except throwing the said rabbit into a thorn bush. Once the wolf throws him there, the rabbit quickly runs away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike the other variants, which signify the futility of the action, this one actually baits it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastActivityDate="2014-09-03T04:24:24.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7251" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7254" CreationDate="2014-09-03T12:13:59.650" Score="3" ViewCount="195" Body="&lt;p&gt;Уважаемые знатоки, пожалуйста, посоветуйте ресурс, где можно услышать русские фразеологизмы, идиомы, сленг в концентрированном виде.&#xA;Спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastActivityDate="2014-09-04T05:24:05.443" Title="Где послушать произношение русских идиом?" Tags="&lt;resources&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7252" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-03T13:08:34.580" Score="3" ViewCount="375" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found special case declinations for the following types of nouns - but yet the tables didn't give example words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore I challenge you to give an example of ... (deviating declination of accusative plural give in brackets)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A first declination male &lt;em&gt;animate&lt;/em&gt; noun ending on -ий (-иев instead of -ия)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A second declination &lt;em&gt;animate&lt;/em&gt; noun ending on -ия (-ий instead of -ии)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A third declination female &lt;em&gt;animate&lt;/em&gt; noun ending on -ь (-ей instead of -и)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Addendum&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Inanimate&lt;/em&gt; examples for the three special cases would be (in same order)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;санаторий&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Россия&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ночь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1829" LastEditorUserId="1829" LastEditDate="2014-09-03T13:41:58.293" LastActivityDate="2014-10-29T23:33:38.487" Title="Animate nouns: the very rare cases" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7234" CreationDate="2014-09-03T15:45:07.060" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;If “that's what she said” close to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=If+you+know+what+I+mean&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;If you know what I mean&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, тогда по-русски можно перевести почти дословно:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Если вы понимаете, о чём я...&quot; — если вы заканчиваете свою фразу&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;Если вы понимаете, о чём он(она, они)...&quot; — если вы заканчиваете чужую фразу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples from topicstarter link at Urban Dictionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Make sure it's long enough. That's what she said!&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Убедись, что он достаточно длинный. — Если вы понимаете, о чём я... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;It hurts a little but it's not too bad. THAT'S WHAT SHE SAID!!&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Немного больно, но не так, что б уж очень. — Если вы понимаете, о чём она...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(At a hotel, describing the room key)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Clerk &quot;Put it in, then take it out fast.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Man &quot;That's what she said!&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Вставить и сразу вынуть. &#xA;— Если вы понимаете, о чём он...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tkGsh.png&quot; alt=&quot;If you know what i mean&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2014-09-04T12:32:25.217" LastActivityDate="2014-09-04T12:32:25.217" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7251" CreationDate="2014-09-03T16:01:01.637" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Под «концентрированным видом», я так понимаю, вы имеете в виду просто-напросто «целиком, а не по словам».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В таком случае на &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.forvo.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Forvo&lt;/a&gt; должны быть. Но, понятное дело, есть там не все. Однако, я попытался навскидку вспомнить пять фразеологизмов, что могут вызвать затруднения при чтении с листа — все пять я там нашел без проблем:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;из-под выподверта / исподвыподверта &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.forvo.com/word/%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[F]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;тихой сапой &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.forvo.com/word/%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B9/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[F]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Держать ухо востро &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.forvo.com/word/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[F]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пришла беда — отворяй ворота &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.forvo.com/word/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0_-_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[F]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Лиха беда начало &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.forvo.com/word/%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[F]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Впрочем, доверять Forvo, как и всякому вики-ресурсу, надо осторожно, например в виражении «Из огня — да в полымя» &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.forvo.com/word/%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8F/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[F]&lt;/a&gt; некто Милослава из Кемеровской области выбрала довольно удивительное ударение на второй слог в слове &lt;em&gt;полымя&lt;/em&gt; — &lt;em&gt;полы́мя&lt;/em&gt; — против нормального &lt;em&gt;по́лымя&lt;/em&gt;. Возможно, это региональное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-09-03T16:32:23.960" LastActivityDate="2014-09-03T16:32:23.960" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7247" CreationDate="2014-09-03T16:03:15.137" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it about great people not being wise all the time, or about not every great person being wise?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If latter, I would write it as &lt;code&gt;Не все великие люди мудры&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2014-09-03T16:03:15.137" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7256" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-03T17:16:52.400" Score="5" ViewCount="317" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the Russian term for the emigres who returned to Russia during the Stalin years--and at his invitation? This was during the 1930s, I think, and was a specific term. Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4272" LastActivityDate="2014-09-03T19:09:56.450" Title="Russian term for returning emigres?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7256" CreationDate="2014-09-03T18:00:16.360" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do you mean the term &quot;возвращенцы&quot;? But as far as I know, it is used in reference to emigres who returned to Russia not only during the Stalin years, but in general referring to a person who returned to his (her) motherland from emigration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-09-03T18:28:05.600" LastActivityDate="2014-09-03T18:28:05.600" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7258" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7256" CreationDate="2014-09-03T19:09:56.450" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Репатриа́нты&lt;/em&gt;, maybe?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At least, those who was forced to leave USSR during the World War II: prisoners of war, ostarbeiters (forced labourers in Germany), refugees, etc; and then returned back, when the war was ended, was officially called &lt;em&gt;репатрианты&lt;/em&gt;. E. g. there was an government official &lt;em&gt;Уполномоченный СНК СССР по делам репатриации&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later, in 1970–90 that word was used mostly for those who departed from USSR to Israel, but that’s another story.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastActivityDate="2014-09-03T19:09:56.450" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7234" CreationDate="2014-09-03T23:57:36.120" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;может как вариант: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;теперь это так называется&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="209" LastActivityDate="2014-09-03T23:57:36.120" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7251" CreationDate="2014-09-04T05:24:05.443" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я нашёл программу &quot;РазгРусс&quot; (разговорный русский).&#xA;В ней очень много идиом, записанных из песен, фильмов, теле- и радиопередач.&#xA;Наслаждаюсь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastActivityDate="2014-09-04T05:24:05.443" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7261" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7263" CreationDate="2014-09-05T11:36:49.940" Score="14" ViewCount="7117" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the letter 'O' has a pronunciation like 'O', but other times has a pronunciation like 'A'. How can I know the difference? The pronunciation becomes like the letter 'A' or there is some difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4277" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2014-09-05T12:15:06.770" LastActivityDate="2015-06-10T17:56:12.670" Title="When is the letter 'O' pronounced as 'A'?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7261" CreationDate="2014-09-05T11:50:44.527" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The simple rule is whether the syllable with &lt;em&gt;o&lt;/em&gt; is stressed or not.  In stressed syllables it's pronounced as &lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt; while in non-stressed syllables it's pronounced closer to &lt;em&gt;A&lt;/em&gt; (although not necessarily the same as stressed &lt;em&gt;A&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A good summary can be &lt;a href=&quot;http://diktory.com/bezud_a_o.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;found here&lt;/a&gt; (in Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's worth noting that whether or not vowel reduction is actually used in the speech, depends on the dialect. For example,  &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okanye&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This English wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; has some more info.  Note that the pair of its Russian counterpart - &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;оканье&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;аканье&lt;/a&gt; - contain better explanation than the English version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-09-05T11:55:55.427" LastActivityDate="2014-09-05T11:55:55.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7261" CreationDate="2014-09-05T12:01:49.267" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is probably the most famous phenomenon of Standard Russian, it's called &quot;аканье&quot; (akanye, 'ah-ing') and it's a case of vowel reduction. Tons of materials are avaliable on the issue, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_reduction_in_Russian#Back_vowels&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; has &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology#Unstressed_vowels&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;lots&lt;/a&gt;, too. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, the letter 'o' &lt;em&gt;in an unstressed syllable&lt;/em&gt; is pronounced as 'a' with phonetic realizations as [ɐ] in the syllable immediately preceding the stressed syllable, and as [ə] in other unstressed syllables. Stressed letters 'o' are always pronounced as [o]:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;молоко́  - [məlɐ'ko]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can well pronounce both [ɐ] and [ə] as a pure [a], it won't sound as a foreign accent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-09-05T12:01:49.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7266" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-07T01:32:15.770" Score="10" ViewCount="425" Body="&lt;p&gt;For instance, you heard a quote from a poem or a proverb, but you don't know who exactly said it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто сказал &quot;я к розам хочу, в тот единственный сад / Где лучшая в мире стоит из оград&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто сказалa &quot;я к розам хочу, в тот единственный сад / Где лучшая в мире стоит из оград&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4284" LastActivityDate="2014-09-11T21:19:16.337" Title="Which form of past tense should be used when the gender of the speaker is unknown?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7266" CreationDate="2014-09-07T03:31:43.190" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;It does not matter whether the gender of person is known or unknown. &lt;em&gt;Кто сказала&lt;/em&gt; (f.) or &lt;em&gt;кто сказало&lt;/em&gt; (n.) or &lt;em&gt;кто сказали&lt;/em&gt; (pl.) here would be just ungrammatical. Question word (interrogative pronoun) &lt;em&gt;кто&lt;/em&gt; as a subject requires masculine singular predicate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто родил и жалеет что не сделал аборт? [&lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.forumok.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t50003.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто из женщин не сталкивался с проблемой — вещей полно, а надеть нечего? [&lt;a href=&quot;http://ratsg.ru/538-kto-iz-zhenschin-ne-stalkivalsya-s-problemoj---polno-.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when subject is complex, i. e. includes something besides &lt;em&gt;кто&lt;/em&gt;, gender and number of predicate follows those of subject:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто была та девушка? (fem. &lt;em&gt;была&lt;/em&gt; due to &lt;em&gt;та девушка&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Кто они будут по национальности? (pl. &lt;em&gt;будут&lt;/em&gt; due to &lt;em&gt;они&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That’s true even if gender / number could not be identified by subject:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто это была?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt; may stand for male as well as for female, but one implies here there was a woman, so &lt;em&gt;была&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, you can hear something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Кто это был?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;— Ира, моя подруга.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but that signify that who asked the question, did not know the actual gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare it with cases when English &lt;em&gt;who&lt;/em&gt; requires singular predicate regardless of most probable actual number (e. g. &lt;em&gt;Who is online?&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Who’s coming tonight?&lt;/em&gt;) – it seems to be basically the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-09-07T07:08:54.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7266" CreationDate="2014-09-07T04:19:32.950" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кто&lt;/strong&gt; (also кто-то, кто-нибудь, некто, никто etc.) governs &lt;strong&gt;masculine singular&lt;/strong&gt;, while &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; (also что-то, что-нибудь, нечто, ничто etc.) governs &lt;strong&gt;neuter singular&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This holds even if you know that the answer is in a different gender, i.e. asking two girls &quot;Кто из вас разлил молоко?&quot; or in a sentence &quot;Что-то звенело за дверью - то ли дверной звонок, то ли телефон.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2014-09-08T05:25:11.407" LastActivityDate="2014-09-08T05:25:11.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6788" CreationDate="2014-09-09T17:14:22.400" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not only &quot;по крайней мере&quot; is widely used in the second sense, but it seems that it is used mostly in the second sense.  Examples from various websites:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Владимир Познер: «По крайней мере, я это попробовал…» (an interview title)&#xA;«Мы, по крайней мере, попытались». Нобелевский лауреат Роджер Корнберг о работе в Сколково. (an interview title)&#xA;“Могло быть и лучше, но по крайней мере чисто и недорого” (a hotel review title).&#xA;По крайней мере, селедки хватит на всех. (an interview title)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;По крайней мере&quot; is also widely used in the first sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also other ways to translate &lt;em&gt;at least&lt;/em&gt; in the first sense - по меньшей мере, как минимум, хотя бы (it has some special meanings, so should not be used in most cases)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-09-09T17:14:22.400" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7271" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7274" CreationDate="2014-09-10T08:33:54.080" Score="10" ViewCount="1388" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do read aloud the fraction 2/3 in Russian ?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Do you say:   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;два на три ?, два над три ? два по три ?два под три ?&lt;/em&gt;     &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or something completely different?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;My example was not very good. I am actually interested in mathematical expressions like x/y: how do Russians read that aloud?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3917" LastEditorUserId="3917" LastEditDate="2014-09-10T09:51:33.873" LastActivityDate="2014-09-10T23:07:29.190" Title="How do you read fractions in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7271" CreationDate="2014-09-10T08:54:53.510" Score="19" Body="&lt;h3&gt;Numerical fractions&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2/3 = две третьих&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;две трети&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The numerator of a fraction is always a cardinal number and the denominator is an ordinal number in Genitive (singular if the numerator ends in &amp;quot;одна&amp;quot; and plural if that's not the case). Always use feminine when the form exposes gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For quarters and thirds you can also use &amp;quot;одна треть&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;две четверти&amp;quot;. Russian has words &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;треть&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;четверть&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; which mean &amp;quot;a third&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;a quarter&amp;quot; respectively. Won't work for other numbers, though—there are no such words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples of other fractions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5/3 = пять третьих&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4/10 = четыре десятых&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1/8 = одна восьмая&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3/8 = три восьмых&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5/9 = пять девятых&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;21/27 = двадцать одна двадцать седьмая&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;49/1000 = сорок девять тысячных&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;22/232 = двадцать две двести тридцать вторых&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that ordinal &amp;quot;третий&amp;quot;(3rd) has a slightly deviant ending patter with &amp;quot;ь&amp;quot;, typical of animal-possessive adjectives (лисий, волчий, цыплячий, кошачий). That probably has much to do with the fact that other than animal-adjectives &lt;em&gt;-сий/-тий&lt;/em&gt; are never encountered (at least, I could not find any such adkective) and &lt;em&gt;-чий&lt;/em&gt; is pretty rare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Mathematical expressions&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When reading mathematical expressions or if you actually mean the &lt;em&gt;division&lt;/em&gt; of &lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt; by &lt;em&gt;y&lt;/em&gt; with numbers (especially large), use &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;x&lt;/strong&gt; поделить на &lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;. Or just &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;x на y&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; where the context is explicit — for instance, if you are writing out the same fraction as you pronounce it, so your viewers know that you mean division and not multiplication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For numbers (at least, small enough) you typically treat a fraction as a whole unit.  When you read expressions, the latter method is the only way to go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may look like that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;581/1035 * (x + 1.2) → &lt;em&gt;пятьсот восемьдесят один ... на тысячу тридцать пять... (и) умножить на икс плюс одна целая две десятых&lt;/em&gt; (when spelling the expression)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(x²+2)/(x³ + 7x - 4) → &lt;em&gt;икс квадрат плюс два (поделить) на икс куб плюс семь икс минус четыре&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, if you are writing a fraction for everyone to see or are just speaking to yourself, single &amp;quot;на&amp;quot; is enough. However, if a listener has no reason to assume it is division and not multiplication, it sounds ambiguous, and I would probably think of multiplication first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-09-10T23:07:29.190" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7271" CreationDate="2014-09-10T12:16:18.177" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A fraction x/y is pronounced by mathematicians as икс на игрек. Moreover, a product xy is pronounced the same way if you want to include a word representing the operation (often you do not and would pronounce xy simply as икс игрек; a case when it is natural to pronounce the operation in a product would be x*2, unlike 2x -- in fact if you tried to pronounce x*2 as икс два then people would think you mean the indexed expression x_2). From context it would be clear if на means multiplication or division. If you think it is crazy to pronounce x/y and xy in the same way, compare with the use of the term &quot;to scale&quot; in English, where for instance &quot;scaling an equation by two&quot; could mean multiplying both sides by two or dividing both sides by two. The context makes it clear which one is meant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to be more explicit about the operation when pronouncing the notation, then x/y is икс разделить на игрек and xy is икс умножить на игрек. The way of pronouncing these expressions that I mentioned initially is just an abbreviation of these more precise terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2014-09-10T12:32:03.323" LastActivityDate="2014-09-10T12:32:03.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7134" CreationDate="2014-09-10T13:27:02.373" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;All above answers are correct, but without directions to use it with English language and mentality. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To understand it deeper or imagine where you can use it it means &#xA; -  &lt;strong&gt;Liveable&lt;/strong&gt; (liveable conditions).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;you can see definitions here &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thefreedictionary.com/liveable&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Free Dictionary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4293" LastActivityDate="2014-09-10T13:27:02.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7271" CreationDate="2014-09-10T21:44:34.750" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;икс делённое на игрек&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;икс делить на игрек&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. If from the context it is clear that multiplication excluded, you can say just &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;икс на игрек&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; but this also can mean multiplication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-09-10T21:44:34.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6742" CreationDate="2014-09-11T05:38:24.037" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I use &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.umopit.ru/RazgRuss.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;RazgRuss&lt;/a&gt; (РазгРусс — разговорный русский) software (gratis).&#xA;There are ‘Sound only’, and ‘Text only’, and ‘Text and sound’ modes for a funny guessing game of phraseological units.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-09-11T17:56:11.403" LastActivityDate="2014-09-11T17:56:11.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7280" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-11T16:12:39.720" Score="3" ViewCount="566" Body="&lt;p&gt;there.&#xA;May you explain me differences between following verbs in detail?!&#xA;(Attention: For God's sake, PLEASE, Don't match them up with English words like: study, learn, teach, etc. Just please try to define them or the action and and also look to them from grammar point, Please make for every verb at least two samples!)&#xA;(Also please pair them based on being imperfective/perfective and explain me differences even in that aspect too)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) учи́ть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) вы́учить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) изуча́ть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) изучи́ть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5) учи́ться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6) занима́ться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7) заучи́ть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8) научи́ть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9) выу́чивать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10) зау́чивать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11) научи́ться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;12) обуча́ться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;13) обучи́ться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you remember any other verb which is related to this subject, please write it down here too!&#xA;Thanks in advance! :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4295" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-09-11T17:41:42.497" LastActivityDate="2014-09-12T06:35:50.440" Title="Verbs related to learning or teaching" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ClosedDate="2014-09-15T09:08:53.320" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7280" CreationDate="2014-09-11T18:12:17.993" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ещё можно сказать: &lt;strong&gt;Зубрить&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вызубрить таблицу умножения.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты, зубрил что ли?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зубрить, означает учить что-либо тяжело запоминающееся, очень грубым, агрессивным способом. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, когда читаешь художественную литературу, Гоголя или Пушкина, можно сказать что материал пройден и ты с ним знаком.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но когда &quot;зубришь&quot;, ты можешь воспроизвести материал 1 в 1. И обычно это не связано с каким-либо элегантным способом запоминания, усвоения материала. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Непрерывный, можно даже сказать &quot;тупой&quot; повтор материала. Как молитвы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вызубренный материал проходит через временную память несколько раз, оседая в постоянной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вероятно, начной основой для зубрёшки могут быть работы &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Шенона&lt;/a&gt; по временной памяти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Смотри также &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Интервальные повторения&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4296" LastActivityDate="2014-09-11T18:12:17.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7282" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-11T20:42:49.857" Score="3" ViewCount="369" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a term in Russian corresponding to English &lt;em&gt;two-factor authentication&lt;/em&gt;?  If I want to search for Russian-language results for &quot;two-factor authentication&quot; what should I put into the search engine (Google or Yandex)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2014-09-12T12:03:07.190" Title="Two-factor authentication" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;it&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7282" CreationDate="2014-09-11T20:54:19.153" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate &quot;two-factor authentication&quot; as &quot;двухшаговая проверка подлинности&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4297" LastActivityDate="2014-09-11T20:54:19.153" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7266" CreationDate="2014-09-11T21:19:16.337" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the interrogative sentences like yours use the masculine form of the verb.&#xA;Кто приходил?&#xA;Кто следующий?&#xA;Кто говорит? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4297" LastActivityDate="2014-09-11T21:19:16.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7280" CreationDate="2014-09-11T22:56:09.290" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;учиться, учить, выучить, заучить or whatever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The root of them is &quot;учить&quot; (to study or to learn in English), and these verbs differ only with the prefixes (вы-,за-,на-). Each different prefix slightly change the meaning of its verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;выучить&quot; and &quot;заучить&quot; show some final results you have succeeded while studying.&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Я выучил/заучил пять новых слов.&#xA;I have learnt/memorized five new words&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;изучить&quot; means you have obtained essential knowledge by researching some subject of your interest, not indicating the steps you have taken to achieve that. &quot;Изучить&quot; sounds more seriously than simply &quot;учить&quot; I would say, scientifically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*Я изучил устройство кофеварки от А до Я.&#xA;I have learnt the operation principles of a coffeemaker from A to Z. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;За два года я изучил грамматику русского языка.&#xA;It took me two years to master Russian grammar.* (No need to say that you had to learn words and grammatical rules, you've just done it as a whole and that's all.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Научить&quot; means teaching something to someone and definitely having result in that.&#xA;*Он научил меня рисованию комиксов.&#xA;He has taught me how to draw comics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он учил меня рисованию комиксов.&#xA;He was teaching me how to draw comics.*&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Заниматься&quot; is idiomatic, it says that at the moment you're busy with something. If you omit the reason of your occupation, then studying is implied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня нет времени, я занимаюсь.&#xA;I've no time, I'm studying.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Обучаться&quot; or &quot;Обучиться&quot; indicate professional training.&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Их обучали кройке и шитью.&#xA;They were being trained to be a dressmaker.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4297" LastEditorUserId="4297" LastEditDate="2014-09-11T23:09:53.997" LastActivityDate="2014-09-11T23:09:53.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7280" CreationDate="2014-09-12T06:35:50.440" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) учи́ть - imperfective&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) - to teach&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usage: учить кого-то чему-то, учить кого-то что-то делать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Учить детей албанскому - to teach children Albanian language&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Учить детей петь и танцевать - to teach children singing and dancing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &#xA;* the student is in accusative, the topic is in dative.&#xA;* Only in some special cases you can omit the student, the topic, or both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, учить means to teach somebody how to do something or just to teach somebody to do something. More examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;жизнь научила меня не поддаваться отчаянию&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вас не учили называть незнакомых людей на вы?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;меня учили, что пожилым надо уступать место в автобусе (note &quot;учили, что&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) - to learn (some subject, topic)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&#xA;* Я учу историю - I learn history.  Here the topic is in accusative.&#xA;* Учи албанский! - learn Albanian language!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you cannot say &#xA;* &quot;я учу шахматы&quot; (chess playing is a skill, not a topic) - correct: я учусь играть в шахматы&#xA;* &quot;я учу муравьёв&quot; meaning that you are study ants by observations, experiments etc. - correct: я изучаю муравьёв.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Научить - perfective of учить (1).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Учиться - учить (1) себя:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я учусь петь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я учусь математике&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;котёнок учится ходить&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Научиться - perfective of учиться.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5-6. изуча́ть (imperf.)/изучи́ть (perf.) - to study&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;изучить план местности - to study the map deeply&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я изучаю собак - I study dogs (i.e. study them with observation, experiments etc., rather than from textbooks or with a teacher.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7-8. выучить/заучить (perf.) - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) to learn some topic/text. &quot;Заучить&quot; has some negative connotation, meaning just to memorize something, without understanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вася заучил доказательство теоремы Пифагора - Vasya remembers the proof word by word, but hardly understand it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вася выучил доказательство теоремы Пифагора - Vasya knows the proof.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я выучил русский - ok.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Я заучил русский&quot; - this sentence is wrong.  Можно заучить текст, но не язык или предмет.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Also, выучить кого-либо чему-либо is to learn an animal some trick, or to learn human in the same manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Выучил собаку давать лапу&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Выучил собаку командам &quot;голос!&quot;, &quot;сидеть!&quot; и &quot;лежать!&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe there are other meanings of выучить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9-10. Заучивать/выучивать - imperfective of заучить/выучить (1).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-09-12T06:35:50.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7282" CreationDate="2014-09-12T12:03:07.190" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two-factor authentication == Двухфакторная аутентификация.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1558" LastActivityDate="2014-09-12T12:03:07.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2509" CreationDate="2014-09-13T15:59:08.273" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not a Russian teacher, but as a native-speaker I can say that иметь has meaning closer to 'to own'. Я имею дом ~ I own a house. You use it when you want to emphasize the posessive element, also it sounds more official and unnatural, but grammatically it's 100% right. I would write it in official document. &#xA;On the contrary, У меня есть дом has a neutral meaning and sounds more colloquial.&#xA;Hope this was useful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4300" LastActivityDate="2014-09-13T15:59:08.273" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2509" CreationDate="2014-09-14T08:51:03.810" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nowadays only foreigners use the verb &quot;иметь&quot; (to have) to point ownership out. If you want to sound more like a native speaker, use the verb &quot;быть&quot; (to be) in the 3rd person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня есть леопард.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;I've got a leopard.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В детстве у меня был свой автомат Калашникова.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;In childhood I had my own Kalashnikov.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for other senses of &quot;иметь&quot;, it means having sex or cheating saying that in a sarcastic way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вчера в покер я поимел всех и каждого!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Yesterday playing poker I fucked each and every one of them!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4297" LastEditorUserId="4297" LastEditDate="2014-09-14T09:07:12.363" LastActivityDate="2014-09-14T09:07:12.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7291" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7247" CreationDate="2014-09-16T04:16:10.960" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can also say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не каждый великий человек мудр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4307" LastActivityDate="2014-09-16T04:16:10.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7292" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7294" CreationDate="2014-09-16T09:26:52.790" Score="5" ViewCount="1343" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть пожелание «Приятного аппетита», но нет словосочетания «приятный аппетит».&#xA;Почему так?&#xA;Это устаревшее?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-09-17T07:16:41.123" LastActivityDate="2014-09-22T07:28:05.800" Title="Был ли раньше «приятный аппетит»?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7292" CreationDate="2014-09-16T16:24:12.127" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Словосочетание &lt;em&gt;приятный аппетит&lt;/em&gt;, хотя и редкое, находится &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%EF%F0%E8%FF%F2%ED%FB%E9%20%E0%EF%EF%E5%F2%E8%F2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ruscorpora.ru&lt;/a&gt;.   Согласно Корпусу, &lt;em&gt;приятного аппетита&lt;/em&gt; встречается с 1869 года, &lt;em&gt;приятный аппетит&lt;/em&gt; - с 1901, а &lt;em&gt;приятного сна&lt;/em&gt; - с XVIII века.  Так что &lt;em&gt;приятного аппетита&lt;/em&gt;, вероятно, возникло, когда &lt;em&gt;Bon Appétit&lt;/em&gt; перевели по аналогии с &lt;em&gt;приятного сна&lt;/em&gt;, а уж от него произошёл &lt;em&gt;приятный аппетит&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="81" LastEditDate="2014-09-22T07:28:05.800" LastActivityDate="2014-09-22T07:28:05.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7298" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7299" CreationDate="2014-09-18T05:48:19.213" Score="9" ViewCount="964" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I understand it, ванная is a substantive adjective (just learned that googling for an answer for this) that acts as a noun, but still declines like an adjective. Shouldn't it be the genitive plural ванных following the numbers 2, 3, and 4?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks for any help!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4314" LastActivityDate="2014-10-10T12:27:42.687" Title="Why &quot;две ванные&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7298" CreationDate="2014-09-18T06:48:21.537" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the numbers 2,3 and 4 the adjective is used in the Nominative plural if the noun is feminine. This feminine noun is used in the Genitive singular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;три красивые женщины: 3 beautiful women &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;две известные актрисы: 2    famous actresses &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;четыре старые тетради: 4 old notebooks.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the colloquial speech the adjective, however, is sometimes used in the Genitive plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the noun is masculine or neutral, the adjective is used in the Genitive plural and and noun, in the Genitive singular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;три красивых парня: 3 handsome men&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;два известных актёра: 2 famous actors&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;четыре старых стула: 4 old chairs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please, note that in all the other cases, except the Nominative and the Accusative inanimate, both adjective and noun (feminine, masculine and neutral) are used in their plural form:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;N. три красивые женщины&#xA;G. трёх красивых женщин&#xA;D. трём красивым женщинам&#xA;А. трёх красивых женщин, but: четыре старые тетради (inanimate)&#xA;I. тремя красивыми женщинами&#xA;P. трёх красивых женщинах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;N. три красивых парня&#xA;G. трёх красивых парней&#xA;D. трём красивым парням&#xA;A. трёх красивых парней, but четыре старых стула (inanimate)&#xA;I. тремя красивыми парнями&#xA;P. трёх красивых парнях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also important that if there is a group of men (only for animated nouns, masculine) you can use a collective number instead, but not for a group of women. The adjective and the noun used are used in the Genitive plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;три красивых парня = трое красивых парней&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;два известных актёра = двое известных актёров&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="267" LastEditDate="2014-09-18T16:08:19.050" LastActivityDate="2014-09-18T16:08:19.050" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7298" CreationDate="2014-09-18T10:43:36.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The formerly-used phrase &quot;ванная комната&quot; got shortened and became just &quot;ванная&quot;. The same happened to the words &quot;уборная&quot;, &quot;проходная&quot; and some others where the feminine-gender noun &quot;комната&quot; is always unspoken but meant. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня в доме нету двух &lt;strong&gt;ванных&lt;/strong&gt; (комнат).&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;I ain't got two bathrooms at home.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Вчера в баре я встретил трёх &lt;strong&gt;любознательных&lt;/strong&gt; девушек.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Yesterday I met three curious girls in a bar.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;У меня в &lt;strong&gt;диванной&lt;/strong&gt; стоят две новые ванны.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;I've got two brand-new bathtubs in the living room.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4297" LastEditorUserId="4297" LastEditDate="2014-09-18T11:22:10.077" LastActivityDate="2014-09-18T11:22:10.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7298" CreationDate="2014-09-18T14:50:04.580" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the noun (or supposed noun, as комната in ванная (комната)) is feminine, both -ые and -ых are possible with полторы, две, три и четыре in nominative and accusative. This is an exception of the rule saying that -ых should be used in such case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastEditorUserId="2238" LastEditDate="2014-10-10T12:27:42.687" LastActivityDate="2014-10-10T12:27:42.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="822" CreationDate="2014-09-18T15:11:40.613" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would be &lt;code&gt;стрелок&lt;/code&gt; in the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Адвокаты назвали его так: &quot;душевнобольной стрелок из Колорадо&quot;.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastActivityDate="2014-09-18T15:11:40.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7116" CreationDate="2014-09-19T19:42:09.533" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How is this word written and accented in Russian using Russian letters?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Тоска&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It accented (big character means accent):&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;taskA&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Like &quot;task&quot;+&quot;A&quot;. Where A=[a]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4319" LastActivityDate="2014-09-19T19:42:09.533" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7310" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-22T00:31:25.150" Score="2" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found this in an online dictionary under горячий as an example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Горячо (в значение ск.аз.) рукам&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone have any idea of what it stands for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-09-22T17:34:07.953" Title="Meaning of abbreviation ск.аз" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7310" CreationDate="2014-09-22T00:40:53.097" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe it is a misprint, &lt;code&gt;сказ.&lt;/code&gt;(abbreviation for the &lt;code&gt;сказуемое&lt;/code&gt;) is more probable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-09-22T00:40:53.097" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7310" CreationDate="2014-09-22T17:34:07.953" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com.ua/search?q=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BE%20(%D0%B2%20%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D0%BA.%D0%B0%D0%B7.)%20%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC&amp;amp;sourceid=ie7&amp;amp;rls=com.microsoft:en-US:IE-Address&amp;amp;ie=&amp;amp;oe=&amp;amp;rlz=&amp;amp;gfe_rd=cr&amp;amp;ei=CVwgVMqlN4PMwwPV3oDACA&amp;amp;gws_rd=ssl#rls=com.microsoft:en-US:IE-Address&amp;amp;q=%22(%D0%B2%20%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D0%BA.%D0%B0%D0%B7.)%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Google search&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;code&gt;(в значение ск.аз.)&lt;/code&gt; yelds 3 results, one of them being here, ther other two being copies of a dictionary article. On the other hand, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com.ua/search?q=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BE%20(%D0%B2%20%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D0%BA.%D0%B0%D0%B7.)%20%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC&amp;amp;sourceid=ie7&amp;amp;rls=com.microsoft:en-US:IE-Address&amp;amp;ie=&amp;amp;oe=&amp;amp;rlz=&amp;amp;gfe_rd=cr&amp;amp;ei=CVwgVMqlN4PMwwPV3oDACA&amp;amp;gws_rd=ssl#rls=com.microsoft:en-US:IE-Address&amp;amp;q=%22(%D0%B2%20%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7.)%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;search&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;code&gt;(в значение сказ.)&lt;/code&gt; yealds over 800 different articles, so I'm positive the dot is just a misprint.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4327" LastActivityDate="2014-09-22T17:34:07.953" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7314" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7315" CreationDate="2014-09-23T04:17:39.527" Score="6" ViewCount="1728" Body="&lt;p&gt;My friend has &quot;КАТЯ&quot; tattooed on him. It is the name of his ex-girlfriend. He wants to change the tattoo and make it into a longer word that has &quot;КАТЯ&quot; as a part of it.  Any suggestions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4329" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2014-09-23T18:00:30.127" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T20:39:13.583" Title="Words containing &quot;катя&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="10" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2014-12-19T15:52:16.767" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7314" CreationDate="2014-09-23T05:24:29.163" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hm... This isn't an easy one. I seriously doubt it's possible to find a replacement that would content-rich enough to be used as a tattoo. The only &quot;Катящийся&quot;=&quot;Rolling&quot; comes to mind but this would be a bit weird to have exposed on your skin.. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4330" LastActivityDate="2014-09-23T05:24:29.163" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7314" CreationDate="2014-09-23T06:21:01.373" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some rational coinage: &quot;НАКАТЯРА&quot; = a booze artist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastEditorUserId="4270" LastEditDate="2014-09-23T06:37:50.017" LastActivityDate="2014-09-23T06:37:50.017" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7317" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-23T10:59:01.723" Score="4" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we are to translate it literally we'll get «неразвитые страны», but this has even more negative connotation for some russian speakers than «страны третьего мира» for which «undeveloped countries» acts almost like a euphemism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did come up with «страны не прошедшие стадию развития», which doesn't sound like an insult but is a little longish. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastEditorUserId="2311" LastEditDate="2014-09-23T13:58:58.053" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T04:30:06.993" Title="What's the best way to translate «undeveloped countries»?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7317" CreationDate="2014-09-23T11:10:04.490" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd use &lt;code&gt;слаборазвитые страны&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;See this article in Wikipedia:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Развивающиеся_страны&lt;/a&gt;. The search for &quot;undeveloped countries&quot; in the English Wikipedia redirects to the article &quot;Developing countries&quot; which is the English counterpart of the article I gave the link to above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-09-23T11:10:04.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7317" CreationDate="2014-09-23T11:10:15.983" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;слаборазвитые страны&#xA;and backward translation - south&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastActivityDate="2014-09-23T11:10:15.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7314" CreationDate="2014-09-23T12:14:42.573" Score="18" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;$ aspell -l ru dump master | aspell -l ru expand | grep -o '\w*катя\w*'&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;окатят&#xA;укатят&#xA;окатятся&#xA;укатятся&#xA;откатят&#xA;откатятся&#xA;докатят&#xA;докатятся&#xA;катя&#xA;катят&#xA;катясь&#xA;катятся&#xA;катящий&#xA;катящая&#xA;катящею&#xA;катящее&#xA;катящего&#xA;катящей&#xA;катящем&#xA;катящему&#xA;катящую&#xA;катящие&#xA;катящих&#xA;катящим&#xA;катящими&#xA;катящийся&#xA;катящаяся&#xA;катящеюся&#xA;катящееся&#xA;катящегося&#xA;катящейся&#xA;катящемся&#xA;катящемуся&#xA;катящиеся&#xA;катящихся&#xA;катящимися&#xA;катящимся&#xA;катящуюся&#xA;накатят&#xA;накатятся&#xA;подкатят&#xA;подкатятся&#xA;покатят&#xA;покатятся&#xA;перекатят&#xA;прикатят&#xA;прокатят&#xA;перекатятся&#xA;прикатятся&#xA;прокатятся&#xA;раскатят&#xA;раскатятся&#xA;скатят&#xA;скатятся&#xA;вкатят&#xA;выкатят&#xA;вкатятся&#xA;выкатятся&#xA;закатят&#xA;закатятся&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastActivityDate="2014-09-23T12:14:42.573" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7314" CreationDate="2014-09-23T14:11:16.023" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider making &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt; out of &lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;But I'm still in doubt what reasonable words can be made out of &lt;code&gt;жатя&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;ржатя&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonce_word&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;nonce word&lt;/a&gt; that I've just coined. It means: &quot;&lt;em&gt;something funny you want to make out of your ex-girlfriend's name&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastEditorUserId="1671" LastEditDate="2014-09-23T14:17:23.920" LastActivityDate="2014-09-23T14:17:23.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7322" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7349" CreationDate="2014-09-24T00:52:40.077" Score="5" ViewCount="1047" Body="&lt;p&gt;I knew that J could be pronounced жи, like in French, but I was watching a lecture online at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFxD6YFiLfU&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFxD6YFiLfU&lt;/a&gt; and the speaker calls J йот instead. See for instance 4:07 and 4:37. Are жи and йот as the name of J interchangeable in all contexts, or is one used far more than the other? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I gave this question a математика tag because the video is a math lecture. I've listened to math lectures in Russian and don't recall hearing anyone use the name йот before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2014-10-08T22:10:34.853" Title="Pronunciation of J" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7322" CreationDate="2014-09-24T01:17:54.947" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The two names, &lt;strong&gt;йот&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;жи&lt;/strong&gt;, are equally correct, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82#.D0.A1.D0.BE.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B5_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B6.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this table&lt;/a&gt; lists them both under &quot;классическое русское название буквы&quot;. I don't go in for mathematics a lot so as to comment on their disrtibution, but when I studied at the mathematics school in the early 90s, we used &lt;strong&gt;жи&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-09-24T01:17:54.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7317" CreationDate="2014-09-24T01:31:38.587" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The literal translation of &lt;code&gt;underdeveloped countries&lt;/code&gt; would be&lt;code&gt;недоразвитые страны&lt;/code&gt; which is even worse. I would use &lt;code&gt;страны динамичного развития&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;динамично-развивающиеся страны&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4332" LastActivityDate="2014-09-24T01:31:38.587" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7322" CreationDate="2014-09-24T04:25:10.363" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I learnt physics, and I don't remember that on lectures anyone called J &lt;strong&gt;йот&lt;/strong&gt;.  As far as I know, in physics, as well as in mathematical analysis lectures, J is &lt;strong&gt;жи&lt;/strong&gt;, unless something changed in recent 20 years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, looking at the lecture, it seems the lecturer used both J (жи) and G (же). Possibly he calls the former &lt;strong&gt;йот&lt;/strong&gt; in order to avoid the confusion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2014-09-24T04:33:52.540" LastActivityDate="2014-09-24T04:33:52.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7317" CreationDate="2014-09-24T17:45:44.910" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that Wikipedia doesn't make a difference between terms 'undeveloped countries' and 'developing countries'. I never heard Russian equivalent of 'undeveloped countries'. So why not use the Russian equivalent of 'developing countries': &lt;strong&gt;'развивающиеся страны'&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4336" LastActivityDate="2014-09-24T17:45:44.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7314" CreationDate="2014-09-24T18:17:04.970" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you see from other answers it's not easy to make something with &quot;КАТЯ&quot;. The best variant I can think of is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;КАТЯРА&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; the misspelled form of &quot;котяра&quot; which is derivative from &quot;cat&quot;. &quot;Котяра&quot; can mean &quot;big, full-grown cat&quot; (&quot;здоровый котяра&quot;, here &quot;здоровый&quot; means &quot;big&quot;) or &quot;seasoned, experienced cat&quot; (&quot;матёрый котяра&quot;). Multitran.ru &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;s=%EA%EE%F2%FF%F0%E0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;gives other translations&lt;/a&gt;: &quot;tomcat&quot;, &quot;moggy&quot;. Better to use it with other misspelled word(s), to clarify that it's misspelling. For example: &quot;ЗДАРОВЫЙ КАТЯРА&quot;,&quot;БАЛЬШОЙ КАТЯРА&quot;,&quot;МОТЁРЫЙ КАТЯРА&quot;,&quot;ЛЮБВЕАБИЛЬНЫЙ КАТЯРА&quot;. Or even better to make drawing of some big cat like lion or tiger with title &quot;КАТЯРА&quot;.&#xA;It's not that good variant, but I don't see anything better other than to delete the tattoo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4336" LastEditorUserId="4336" LastEditDate="2014-09-24T18:43:48.983" LastActivityDate="2014-09-24T18:43:48.983" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7317" CreationDate="2014-09-25T04:30:06.993" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say &quot;Страны третьего мира&quot; - third world countries&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1173" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T04:30:06.993" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7329" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7331" CreationDate="2014-09-25T07:30:43.983" Score="6" ViewCount="3804" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word “choose” has an imperfective aspect (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;выбира́ть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) and a perfective aspect (&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вы́брать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the best way to translate “please choose”: “&lt;strong&gt;пожалуйста, выбирайте&lt;/strong&gt;” or “&lt;strong&gt;пожалуйста, выберите&lt;/strong&gt;” and which aspect should be used with imperative in general?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4203" LastEditorUserId="4203" LastEditDate="2014-09-25T11:56:31.240" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T11:56:31.240" Title="Imperfective or perfective aspect for imperative (example “please choose”)" Tags="&lt;вид&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7330" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7329" CreationDate="2014-09-25T08:57:14.330" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for google, the initial estimate of the number of matches can be overestimated by orders of magnitude. In fact, google found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.il/search?q=%22%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%2C%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5%22&amp;amp;ie=utf-8&amp;amp;oe=utf-8&amp;amp;aq=t&amp;amp;rls=org.mozilla:ru:official&amp;amp;client=firefox-a&amp;amp;channel=sb&amp;amp;gfe_rd=cr&amp;amp;ei=2dQjVNPYNc_H8gf46YDYDw#q=%22%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0,%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5%22&amp;amp;safe=off&amp;amp;rls=org.mozilla:ru:official&amp;amp;channel=sb&amp;amp;start=262&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;270 matches for пожалуйста, выбирайте&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.il/search?q=%22%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%2C%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%22&amp;amp;ie=utf-8&amp;amp;oe=utf-8&amp;amp;aq=t&amp;amp;rls=org.mozilla:ru:official&amp;amp;client=firefox-a&amp;amp;channel=sb&amp;amp;gfe_rd=cr&amp;amp;ei=AdUjVKmWKs_H8gf46YDYDw#q=%22%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0,%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%22&amp;amp;safe=off&amp;amp;rls=org.mozilla:ru:official&amp;amp;channel=sb&amp;amp;start=210&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;220 matches for пожалуйста, выберите&lt;/a&gt; (the initial estimates were about 250,000 and 1,000,000).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your question, if the action is simple and one-time, (i.e. choosing a payment method), &quot;пожалуйста, выберите&quot; should be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, this is not an exception. Why do you think it should be?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2014-09-25T09:56:00.030" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T09:56:00.030" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7329" CreationDate="2014-09-25T09:21:09.880" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imperfective aspect is about state and perfective aspect is about state transition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if you are talking about the outcome of a single action (&quot;please pay&quot;), you would use perfective (&lt;em&gt;пожалуйста, заплатите&lt;/em&gt;), because what you really want is to make an incomplete payment complete (state transition).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could use imperfective here as well (&lt;em&gt;пожалуйста, платите&lt;/em&gt;), but this would mean that you are more interested in seeing the person paying rather than obtaining the result. For instance, if a patron is waiting for a POS terminal to get fixed and you ask them to retry their payment, &lt;em&gt;пожалуйста, платите&lt;/em&gt; would be the correct form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you were talking about the state of things (&quot;please pay your bills on time&quot;), you would use imperfective (&lt;em&gt;пожалуйста, платите по счетам вовремя&lt;/em&gt;). This would mean &quot;be a good person and organize your life so that you never have overdue debts&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you said &lt;em&gt;пожалуйста, заплатите по счетам вовремя&lt;/em&gt;, this would mean &quot;there are a bunch of bills on your desk, please, at least this one single time, make them paid before they expire&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2014-09-25T09:28:27.920" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T09:28:27.920" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7329" CreationDate="2014-09-25T10:10:20.950" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is also important to add that the perfective imperative sounds quite rude in some verbs because it is focused on obtaining a result. It normally happens to verbs related to position and motion. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;сядьте&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; would sound rude and it could be used in court: &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Подсудимый, сядьте&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (Accused, sit down, please), while &quot;садитесь&quot; is the polite form used if you have guests at home or if you come to an office: &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Проходите, садитесь&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt; (Come in and have a seat, please) As you can see, the situation is the same for the verb &quot;проходить-пройти&quot;, the imperfective aspect of it is the polite one. Some other verbs that work like that are: &quot;ложиться-лечь&quot;, &quot;вставать-встать&quot;, &quot;раздеваться-рездеться&quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The case of &lt;strong&gt;&quot;пожалуйста, выбирайте&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;пожалуйста, выберите&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is similar. The first one sounds more polite because your interlocutor gives you time to choose, it is a process, while in the second one you have to choose immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastEditorUserId="4297" LastEditDate="2014-09-25T10:20:53.430" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T10:20:53.430" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7333" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7339" CreationDate="2014-09-25T11:40:40.037" Score="4" ViewCount="661" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the correct response?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Спасибо”? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4123" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-09-25T12:40:22.660" LastActivityDate="2014-10-06T09:02:29.850" Title="What to reply when someones says “приятного аппетита”" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;этикет&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7333" CreationDate="2014-09-25T11:45:45.310" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Спасибо&lt;/em&gt; is indeed the right response.  I can't think of the corresponding idiom in English (strangely enough), but the response to French &lt;em&gt;bon appetit&lt;/em&gt; is the same &lt;em&gt;merci&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T11:45:45.310" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7335" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7336" CreationDate="2014-09-25T16:38:56.063" Score="4" ViewCount="3019" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the nominative case, numbers ending with 1 govern the nominative/singular in the noun, numbers ending with 2-4 govern genitive/singular and all others genitive/plural. (That is the &quot;easy&quot; part, can be found in almost any Russian grammar)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a rule for accusative case: (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;grammar for numerals ending on 2-4&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the accusative case, animate nouns become genitive plural and&#xA;  inanimate nouns remain in genitive singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could not find any rule for the accusative after the other numerals (i.e. numerals not ending on 2-4) -  &lt;strong&gt;do these follow the noun (accusative/singular after 1, genitive/plural for all others), do they follow the numeral (accusative/singular after 1, accusative/plural for the others), or is there another rule?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again from the same grammar, a little bit is explained about adjectives:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;While the noun in a nominative construction is in the genitive&#xA;  singular following два or две, an intervening adjective or adjectival&#xA;  participle will be in the genitive plural or nominative plural&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If два is in nominative case, the adjective will be nominative plural when the noun is feminine&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If два is in accusative case, the adjective will be nominative plural only if the noun is feminine inanimate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, the same question, what happens to adjectives behind the other numbers (that don't end on 2-4). &lt;strong&gt;Do they follow the noun, the numeral or is there also a similar special rule depending on gender?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4203" LastActivityDate="2019-11-27T16:02:19.007" Title="Numerals changing the case of adjectives and nouns" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7335" CreationDate="2014-09-25T17:43:54.310" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. The Accusative case of 1 + noun and 5 or more + noun&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;strong&gt;один&lt;/strong&gt; and the noun take the Accusative case according to their gender and animateness/inanimateness if the gender is masculine. &lt;strong&gt;Один&lt;/strong&gt; agrees in case and gender with the noun:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу &lt;strong&gt;одного человека&lt;/strong&gt;. (masculine animate, acc.sg.=gen.sg.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу &lt;strong&gt;один трактор&lt;/strong&gt;. (masculine inanimate, acc.sg.=nom.sg.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу &lt;strong&gt;одну девушку&lt;/strong&gt;. (feminine, acc.sg.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу &lt;strong&gt;одно окно&lt;/strong&gt;. (neutral, acc.sg.=nom.sg.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With &lt;strong&gt;пять&lt;/strong&gt; or more, the noun takes the Genitive plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу пять &lt;strong&gt;человек/тракторов/девушек/окон&lt;/strong&gt;. (gen.pl.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Intervening adjectives or adjectival participles between 1 and a noun or between 5 or more and a noun&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An intervening adjective or adjectival participle agrees in gender, case and number with the following noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With &lt;strong&gt;один&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу &lt;strong&gt;одного&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;молодого&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;человека&lt;/strong&gt;. (masculine animate, acc.sg.=gen.sg.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу &lt;strong&gt;один&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;старый&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;трактор&lt;/strong&gt;. (masculine inanimate, acc.sg.=nom.sg.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу &lt;strong&gt;одну&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;красивую&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;девушку&lt;/strong&gt;. (feminine, acc.sg.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу &lt;strong&gt;одно&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;большое&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;окно&lt;/strong&gt;. (neutral, acc.sg.=nom.sg.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With &lt;strong&gt;пять&lt;/strong&gt; or more:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу пять &lt;em&gt;спящих&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;котов&lt;/strong&gt;. (gen.pl.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу пять &lt;em&gt;старых&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;тракторов&lt;/strong&gt;. (gen.pl.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу пять &lt;em&gt;красивых&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;девушек&lt;/strong&gt;. (gen.pl.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу пять &lt;em&gt;больших&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;окон&lt;/strong&gt;. (gen.pl.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T17:43:54.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7335" CreationDate="2014-09-25T17:54:19.887" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Case of the noun phrase : the phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nominative : пять котов (пять котов мяукали)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Genitive : пяти котов (у меня нет пяти котов)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dative: пяти котам (насыпал корм пяти котам)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Accusative: пять котов (поймал пять котов)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Instrumental: пятью котами (обошёлся пятью котами)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Prepositional: о пяти котах (поэма о пяти котах)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We see that the if the noun phrase is in X case, the noun is in X plural, except for the nominative case, which turns genitive/accusative (genitive plural and accusative plural is the same).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, the number turns nominative plural to genitive plural (коты мяукали =&gt; пять котов мяукали) but does not change other cases (насыпал корм котам =&gt; насыпал корм пяти котам etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2014-09-25T21:29:25.597" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T21:29:25.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7247" CreationDate="2014-09-25T19:29:50.257" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Не обязательно&quot; also will do in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Великие люди не обязательно мудры.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, you're not talking about time in this sentence, but about a logical relationship, namely an absence of cause-effect relation. So using of the time-related words like &lt;code&gt;всегда&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;иногда&lt;/code&gt; isn't essential, and any way to express this simple logic is OK. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Из того, что человек велик, не следует, что он мудр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="98" LastActivityDate="2014-09-25T19:29:50.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7333" CreationDate="2014-09-26T00:55:51.970" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Besides &lt;code&gt;&quot;Спасибо!&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, which is the option number one, it's also used: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Благодарю!&quot;&lt;/code&gt; is almost like &lt;code&gt;спасибо&lt;/code&gt; but is more sublime, expresses genuine thankfulness &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and of course you can wish the same after all in return to a person if [s]he is also eating at the moment,  by saying:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Взаимно.&quot;&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;&quot;it's mutual.&quot;&lt;/code&gt;: can be used standalone or after &lt;code&gt;спасибо&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;благодарю&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;[И] Вам также\тоже.&quot;&lt;/code&gt;: can be said standalone instead of &lt;code&gt;спасибо&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;благодарю&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   or added after like in this example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Спасибо\Благодарю! Взаимно.&quot;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&quot;Спасибо\Благодарю! Вам также\тоже.&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastActivityDate="2014-09-26T00:55:51.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7333" CreationDate="2014-09-26T05:34:52.267" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some people look at that topic strongly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only treating person should say &quot;приятного аппетита&quot; entertaining to you.&#xA;Say &quot;спасибо&quot; in response.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DI7u2.gif&quot; alt=&quot;An eater&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if your table companion says &quot;приятного аппетита&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answer politely &quot;и Вам/тебе приятного аппетита&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or impolitely &quot;своё едим&quot; ;-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or humorously &quot;буду стараться&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastEditorUserId="4270" LastEditDate="2014-10-06T09:02:29.850" LastActivityDate="2014-10-06T09:02:29.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7322" CreationDate="2014-09-26T15:32:44.310" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;йот is German name of letter J, so some people that learned German in school pronounce йот instead of жи&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2105" LastActivityDate="2014-09-26T15:32:44.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7322" CreationDate="2014-09-27T23:44:41.883" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looks like I am going against consensus, but I've &lt;em&gt;never&lt;/em&gt; heard J pronounced as &lt;strong&gt;жи&lt;/strong&gt;! My degree is in Math/Comp Sci, and in the 80s math professors had no problems making adjectives of it: &lt;em&gt;икс итое&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;игрек йотое&lt;/em&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe it's because the school was in Latvia, and in Latvian, as in German, J is pronounced as &quot;Ya&quot; (or Russian Я). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1604" LastActivityDate="2014-09-27T23:44:41.883" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4274" CreationDate="2014-09-28T14:00:46.050" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чпокать&lt;/strong&gt; — to do someone&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чпокаться&lt;/strong&gt; — to do together&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чпокаются&lt;/strong&gt; — they do&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;чпок&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, it when pull out your finger out of your mouth pulling cheek. Distinctive sound. Sounds like when penis in vagina or &quot;fap&quot;. Funny word.&#xA;Don't know how it sounds in english.&#xA;Not serious, but the best thing I thought up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4350" LastActivityDate="2014-09-28T14:00:46.050" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7347" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7354" CreationDate="2014-09-29T07:42:58.743" Score="6" ViewCount="904" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a multilingual web-site (&lt;a href=&quot;http://map.project-osrm.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://map.project-osrm.org/&lt;/a&gt;), I am looking for the optimal translation of the word &lt;code&gt;fastest&lt;/code&gt; into Russian. They currently call it &lt;em&gt;быстрейший&lt;/em&gt;, which seems to me not really fitting here. I suggest translating it as &lt;em&gt;самый быстрый&lt;/em&gt; claiming that there is no proper translation of &lt;em&gt;fastest&lt;/em&gt; into Russian with one word. However I am in doubt. Would you agree or prove me wrong?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update: Actually, I think the Russian word that would be more appropriate here would be based on &lt;em&gt;скорый&lt;/em&gt; rather than &lt;em&gt;быстрый&lt;/em&gt;, since they are probably talking about the arrival time rather than about a car going as fast as possible. I do not see the difference in English, but I do in Russian. Hope I am not the only one :) Anyway, I am afraid &lt;em&gt;скорый&lt;/em&gt; is definitely not the word to be proposed to the site authors. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update 2: Data from &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruscorpora.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://ruscorpora.ru&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%E1%FB%F1%F2%F0%E5%E9%F8%E8%E9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;быстрейший&lt;/a&gt;: 0.5 ppm in 1840, 0.6 ppm today.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/ngram.xml?mode=main&amp;amp;t1=%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9&amp;amp;start=1800&amp;amp;end=2013&amp;amp;smoothing=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;скорейший&lt;/a&gt;: 1.5 ppm in 1840, 0.25 ppm today.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/ngram.xml?mode=main&amp;amp;t1=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9&amp;amp;start=1800&amp;amp;end=2013&amp;amp;smoothing=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;наискорейший&lt;/a&gt;: 0.5 ppm around 1900, &amp;lt;0.2 ppm today.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%ED%E0%E8%E1%FB%F1%F2%F0%E5%E9%F8%E8%E9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;наибыстрейший&lt;/a&gt;: not found at all.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%F1%E0%EC%FB%E9%20%E1%FB%F1%F2%F0%FB%E9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;самый быстрый&lt;/a&gt;: 0.25 ppm in 1840, 0.75 ppm today&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No clear winner, though &lt;em&gt;быстрейший&lt;/em&gt; seems to be more or less as popular as &lt;em&gt;самый быстрый&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2014-09-30T13:10:21.470" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T10:32:41.437" Title="&quot;Fastest&quot; in Russian with one word" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7347" CreationDate="2014-09-29T08:08:31.677" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;fastest = быстрейший, наибыстрейший.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-09-29T08:08:31.677" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7322" CreationDate="2014-09-29T08:25:05.880" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Others have commented on the correctness of the name. I'll get to &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; you can hear both (and probably more) versions. In the Soviet Union (and in modern Russia still), the average knowledge of foreign languages was unfortunately very limited. Since the Russian alphabet is usually different from those used in foreign languages, a lot of people can't even read Latin letters. Those who can (probably this includes all people with higher education) will usually call the letters the same way they are called in the language they studied. Thus a person with an English &quot;background&quot; would call it /dʒeɪ/, with French /ʒi/, with German /jɔt/. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only situation where I expect some standardisation would be teaching math in schools. However, to be honest, I do not remember using &lt;em&gt;j&lt;/em&gt; in school math at all. It was always &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;b&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;c&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;y&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;z&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;m&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;. Note that the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabet#Classical_Latin_alphabet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;classical Latin alphabet&lt;/a&gt; doesn't contain the letter J at all, which may explain this fact. The letters &lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;j&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;k&lt;/em&gt; were introduced in programming (still in school), but since computer languages are all based on English, it was natural for our teacher to go for the English &#xA;names of the variables. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Remark: See comment by @user58697 below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not always so though. To confirm what I am saying, my programming teacher in university obviously had a &quot;German background&quot;. So she used to pronounce FALSE (a boolean constant) as the German &lt;em&gt;falsch&lt;/em&gt; /falʃ/, which has the same meaning but of course a completely different pronunciation from English &lt;em&gt;false&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For completeness, a small addition regarding the probable source of the two versions. Being a part of the Latin and thus also French and German alphabets (both nations dominating among foreign connections of the Russian aristocracy since the 18th century, with a relatively small addition of English and Dutch) it has however significantly different names in the two. Hence no &quot;common&quot; name could be borrowed into Russian. The same happened to G, H and Y, which also have kept two names each (the latter is called &lt;em&gt;ипсилон&lt;/em&gt; in Russian rather than &lt;em&gt;юпсилон&lt;/em&gt; in German, because we don't have a sound to represent the German Y=Ü; &lt;em&gt;ю&lt;/em&gt; is pronounced /ju/). V and W have escaped this pattern: being called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82#.D0.A1.D0.BE.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B5_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B6.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;significantly different in German and French&lt;/a&gt;, they have both taken on the French names in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2014-10-08T22:10:34.853" LastActivityDate="2014-10-08T22:10:34.853" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7347" CreationDate="2014-09-29T10:39:22.280" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Besides &lt;code&gt;&quot;[Наи]быстрейший&quot;&lt;/code&gt; it's also possible to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;[Наи]скорейший&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastEditorUserId="4153" LastEditDate="2014-09-29T10:51:09.587" LastActivityDate="2014-09-29T10:51:09.587" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7351" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-09-29T17:27:54.290" Score="7" ViewCount="478" Body="&lt;p&gt;A friend of mine has asked me to translate a few phrases from English into Russian for a mobile app he's developing. Like many other mobile app developers, he wants to strike a friendly, informal tone with users, and I want this to be reflected in translation. So if I have phrases like &quot;You've received a message from X,&quot; or &quot;I've created this song for you,&quot; would вы come off as too formal, or is ты too informal? Just trying to get a better sense of this nuance within the context of mobile apps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4359" LastActivityDate="2014-10-09T06:33:51.570" Title="Translating &quot;you&quot; into Russian for a mobile app" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7351" CreationDate="2014-09-29T17:38:35.213" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ты&quot; usually is too informal for application, not oriented to children or teens. Use &quot;вы&quot; or impersonal forms like &quot;Получено сообщение от X&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4336" LastEditorUserId="4336" LastEditDate="2014-09-30T12:43:43.883" LastActivityDate="2014-09-30T12:43:43.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7351" CreationDate="2014-09-29T17:41:32.847" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're afraid of [in]formalism - you can tro to translate in other way, e.g. &quot;Получено сообщение от X&quot; (You've received a message from X) or &quot;Создана новая песня&quot; (New song created)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1159" LastActivityDate="2014-09-29T17:41:32.847" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7347" CreationDate="2014-09-29T17:46:32.317" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Самый быстрый&quot; is the most appropriate variant. It is used much more often than other forms like &quot;(наи)быстрейший&quot; or &quot;(наи)скорейший&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You stats are not applicable to your case, Ruscorpora doesn't return any results for &quot;самый быстрый маршрут&quot; or &quot;быстрейший маршрут&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Statistics from Google/Yandex:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;самый быстрый маршрут&quot; - 432000/43000 results;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;быстрейший маршрут&quot; - 2150/335 results;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;скорейший маршрут&quot; - 60/84 results;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;наибыстрейший маршрут&quot; - 61/58 results;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;кратчайший по времени маршрут&quot; - 40/24 results;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;наискорейший маршрут&quot; - 24/17 results;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;самый скорый маршрут&quot; - 17/15 results.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4336" LastEditorUserId="4336" LastEditDate="2014-10-15T20:28:38.033" LastActivityDate="2014-10-15T20:28:38.033" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7351" CreationDate="2014-09-29T18:26:58.107" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would use dative constructs like &lt;em&gt;Вам письмо&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Вам от меня песенка&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They sound quite informal without being too familiar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2014-09-29T18:26:58.107" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7356" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7351" CreationDate="2014-09-29T20:15:14.880" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ты&lt;/strong&gt; is never used by computer applications (except maybe some roleplaying games where a character can be called &quot;ты&quot;, depending on circumstances). If such a system will be written by a native English speaker, users would think that he doesn't know the difference between &lt;strong&gt;ты&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;вы&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So don't use &quot;ты&quot; unless the application is either designed for children, or is a hobbyist program written by a teenager for his/her peers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, there is a problem with a correct gender of verbs: &quot;You've received a message from X&quot; is &quot;Tы &lt;strong&gt;получил&lt;/strong&gt; сообщение от X&quot; for a male but &quot;Tы &lt;strong&gt;получила&lt;/strong&gt; сообщение от X&quot; for a female. With &quot;вы&quot;, both are &quot;вы получили сообщение от Х&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-09-29T20:15:14.880" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7351" CreationDate="2014-09-30T02:15:09.593" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember, Skype once was addressing user &lt;em&gt;на „ты“&lt;/em&gt; in dialogues, webpages and even in EULA, i. e. in official agreement, which is absolutely out of place. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There were few discussions over the Runet showing perplexity of users, and now it seems to be fixed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastActivityDate="2014-09-30T02:15:09.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7347" CreationDate="2014-09-30T05:39:55.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Автомобиля (быстрейший)&quot; I'd change to &quot;Автомобилем (кратчайший)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fastest speed = shortest time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastEditorUserId="4270" LastEditDate="2014-09-30T05:48:14.167" LastActivityDate="2014-09-30T05:48:14.167" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7359" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-01T04:10:50.073" Score="2" ViewCount="1481" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is a idiomatic English (US) equivalent of Russian &quot;&lt;code&gt;первый блин комом&lt;/code&gt;&quot; (meaning that you cannot expect perfect results on the first try)?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4363" LastActivityDate="2014-10-01T04:51:24.490" Title="What is English for &quot;первый блин комом&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2014-10-01T08:43:16.973" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7359" CreationDate="2014-10-01T04:51:24.490" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;you must spoil before you spin (well)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastActivityDate="2014-10-01T04:51:24.490" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7333" CreationDate="2014-10-01T10:22:12.083" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What if your table companion says &quot;приятного аппетита&quot;?&amp;lt;&#xA;  Answer politely &quot;и Вам/тебе приятного аппетита&quot;.&amp;lt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More common answer will be &quot;Спасибо, вам также&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Or impolitely &quot;своё едим&quot; ;-)&amp;lt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm Russian, but I've never heard such sentence - it seems that it's out of use in modern Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4364" LastActivityDate="2014-10-01T10:22:12.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7351" CreationDate="2014-10-01T13:32:21.577" Score="4" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One way to translate these strings would be using &lt;strong&gt;вы&lt;/strong&gt;, as suggested by user31264. It could be seen as informal if you put it in the right setting.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I've created this song for you&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Мы создали для вас новую песню – neutral/formal&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Хотите послушать новую песню? – informal/friendly &lt;em&gt;[хотите = &lt;strong&gt;вы&lt;/strong&gt; хотите]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The other way would be to completely rephrase the strings to omit the pronoun of address altogether. This will make the tone more friendly. For example:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;You've received a message from X&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Вы получили сообщение от Х – neutral/formal&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Новое сообщение от Х! – informal/friendly&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For successful localization you can combine both &quot;вы&quot; and rephrasing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Finally, I wouldn't recommend using passive voice (e.g. &quot;Создана новая песня&quot;) because it doesn't contribute to the friendliness. The passive voice is mostly used in official papers and makes the text very cold and impersonal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4365" LastEditorUserId="4365" LastEditDate="2014-10-01T13:42:05.790" LastActivityDate="2014-10-01T13:42:05.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7347" CreationDate="2014-10-01T18:27:35.067" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say that words &quot;наибыстрейший&quot;, &quot;быстрейший&quot;, &quot;наискорейший&quot; and &quot;скорейший&quot; are fine, It's OK to use them sometimes. Moreover, you can  use the first two words (&quot;наибыстрейший&quot; и &quot;быстрейший&quot;) if you talk about speed; as for the last two words, we use them when we want to mean time. However, if you want to sound more Russian and colloquial, you better use &quot;самый быстрый&quot;. Because &quot;(наи)скорейший&quot; and &quot;(наи)быстрейший&quot; means something like &quot;super fastest&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&#xA;1) Этот путь к успеху кажется мнe наибыстрейшим. (This way to success seems to me the fastest one.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Желаю Вам скорейшего выздоровления! (Wish you get well as soon as possible!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope my answer helped you! Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4367" LastActivityDate="2014-10-01T18:27:35.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7364" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7365" CreationDate="2014-10-03T10:20:38.413" Score="-4" ViewCount="712" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У тебя торт / Твой торт&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У меня пирог / Мой пирог&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4371" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditDate="2020-12-24T01:04:18.277" LastActivityDate="2020-12-24T01:04:18.277" Title="What is the difference between ‘у тебя’ and ‘твой’?" Tags="&lt;местоимения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2020-12-28T14:58:43.380" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7364" CreationDate="2014-10-03T15:29:13.703" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;У тебя торт = you have a/the cake&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Твой торт = your cake&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-10-03T15:29:13.703" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7366" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7368" CreationDate="2014-10-05T19:10:36.767" Score="6" ViewCount="2410" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно - &lt;strong&gt;в головном мозгу&lt;/strong&gt; или &lt;strong&gt;в головном мозге&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2019-04-20T07:38:53.343" Title="мозг в местном/предложном падеже" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7366" CreationDate="2014-10-05T20:02:57.353" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это зависит от смысла того, что вы хотите сказать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если речь идёт о мыслях, то нужно использовать местный падеж:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В моём мозгу крутилась мысль о сдаче в плен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В моём мозгу я уже раздевал любимую.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Использование предложного падежа здесь неправильно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если речь идёт в химическом составе мозга, нейронах, либо о пользе/вреде мозга, то используется предложный падеж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В костном мозге содержится много железа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В большом мозге много пользы для выживания биологического вида.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В твоём мозге много атомов = Your brain consists of a lot of atoms&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В твоём мозгу много атомов = You are thinking/dreaming about a lot of atoms&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поскольку &amp;quot;головной мозг&amp;quot; - это устойчивое словосочетание, обозначающее биологический орган, оно обычно используется в предложном падеже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-04-20T07:38:53.343" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7369" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7370" CreationDate="2014-10-06T06:25:54.300" Score="2" ViewCount="236" Body="&lt;p&gt;I tried to find meaning or translation in dictionaries ,  just failed. Is that means &quot;проспать дорогу на верх&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is the translatoion of &quot;to sleep his way up&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Original sentence: Chistoff has decided to sleep his way up the corporate ladder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3589" LastEditorUserId="3589" LastEditDate="2014-10-06T06:53:19.053" LastActivityDate="2014-10-07T02:13:32.170" Title="How to translate &quot;to sleep his way up&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7370" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7369" CreationDate="2014-10-06T07:05:01.650" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In Russian this means&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Получить повышение (по карьерной лестнице) через постель&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Previously I answered with the text below, but this was discussed with @KCd and we decided that it's not correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I think it's probably a typo and most likely that was as &lt;code&gt;&quot;Chistoff has decided to&lt;/code&gt;&lt;s&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;slip&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/s&gt;&lt;code&gt;his way up the corporate ladder.&quot;&lt;/code&gt; which means&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;s&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;забраться вверх по карьерной лестнице&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/s&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Literally it's translated as &lt;s&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;проскользнуть по карьерной лестнице наверх&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/s&gt;. It's acceptable, but more often &lt;s&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;забраться&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/s&gt; or &lt;s&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;проскочить&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/s&gt; are used.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastEditorUserId="4153" LastEditDate="2014-10-07T02:13:32.170" LastActivityDate="2014-10-07T02:13:32.170" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7364" CreationDate="2014-10-06T07:22:43.497" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lee,&#xA;In phrase using У тебя - is important that action happen with you, so if it's question, I am interested in your situation.&#xA;In phrase using Твой is important the fact of possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У тебя пирог сгорел - You have burned the cake (I smell smoke in your flat)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я съел твой пирог, извини - I ate your cake, sorry (It was &lt;strong&gt;your&lt;/strong&gt; cake, not mine, but I ate it)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У тебя есть друг? - Do you have a friend? (You, personally, do you have relations of friendships with someone?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Твой друг придет к нам на вечеринку? - Is your friend going to join our party? (It's &lt;strong&gt;your&lt;/strong&gt; friend, so I ask you about him)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shortly, you don't use У тебя пирог in sense Твой пирог. It's not the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope, it helps&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4208" LastActivityDate="2014-10-06T07:22:43.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7196" CreationDate="2014-10-06T07:55:24.373" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;as this article talks about sanctions to and from Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дело in this case could be possibly used with historic reference to criminal investigations/criminal cases during soviet period, for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctors%27_plot&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Дело врачей&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was widely discussed in media.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's quite common to use strong, cemented phrases in Russian journalism. I believe article has nothing to do with criminal investigation, nor with Soviet Union, but this name is used to attract attention. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4208" LastActivityDate="2014-10-06T07:55:24.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1630" CreationDate="2014-10-06T10:09:07.013" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Masculine nouns that have locative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;снег в снегу о снеге&#xA;дым в дыму о дыме&#xA;хвост в хвосте о хвосте&#xA;лес в лесу о лесе&#xA;бор в бору о боре&#xA;бал на балу о бале&#xA;плац на плацу о плаце&#xA;ров во рву о рве&#xA;берег на берегу о береге&#xA;мир в миру о мире (here мир means &quot;life outside church&quot;, in the meaning of peace and world, locative is not used)&#xA;стог в стогу о стоге&#xA;долг в долгу о долге&#xA;вид на виду о виде&#xA;пруд в пруду о пруде&#xA;день на дню о дне&#xA;нос в носу о носе&#xA;глаз в глазу о глазе&#xA;таз в тазу о тазе&#xA;паз в пазу о пазе&#xA;воз на возу о возе&#xA;ряд в ряду о ряде&#xA;век на веку о веке&#xA;строй в строю о строе&#xA;бред в бреду о бреде&#xA;ветер на ветру о ветре&#xA;мел в мелу о меле&#xA;тыл в тылу о тыле&#xA;пол на полу о поле&#xA;пыл в пылу о пыле&#xA;бой в бою о бое&#xA;ход на ходу о ходе&#xA;жар в жару о жаре&#xA;стыд в стыду о стыде&#xA;быт в быту о быте&#xA;пир на пиру о пире&#xA;рот во рту о рте&#xA;пар на пару о паре&#xA;дух на духу о духе &#xA;мост на мосту о мосте&#xA;борт на борту о борте&#xA;год в году о годе&#xA;час в часу о часе&#xA;бег на бегу о беге&#xA;лёт на лету о лёте (Prepositional is not generally used)&#xA;порт в порту о порте&#xA;аэропорт в аэропорту об аэропорте&#xA;пот в поту о поте&#xA;жир в жиру о жире&#xA;род в роду о роде&#xA;сад в саду о саде&#xA;зад в заду о заде&#xA;шкаф в шкафу о шкафе&#xA;полк при полку о полке&#xA;мозг в мозгу о мозге&#xA;лёд на льду о льде&#xA;сук на суку о суке&#xA;раз на разу о разе&#xA;рай в раю о рае&#xA;угол в углу об угле&#xA;бор в бору о боре&#xA;свет на свету о свете&#xA;вес на весу о весе&#xA;дом на дому о доме&#xA;гроб в гробу о гробе&#xA;чад в чаду о чаде&#xA;хлев в хлеву о хлеве&#xA;край на краю о крае&#xA;вал на валу о вале&#xA;повод на поводу о поводе&#xA;луг на лугу о луге&#xA;бок на боку о боке&#xA;мех в меху о мехе&#xA;пух в пуху о пухе&#xA;пост на посту о посте&#xA;скок на скаку о скоке (Prepositional is not generally used)&#xA;ад в аду об аде&#xA;плот на плоту о плоте&#xA;хмель во хмелю о хмеле&#xA;верх на верху о верхе&#xA;бас на басу о басе&#xA;спирт на спирту о спирте&#xA;кон на кону о коне&#xA;квас на квасу о квасе&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Masculine proper nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Крым в Крыму о Крыме&#xA;Клин в Клину о Клине&#xA;Дон на Дону о Доне&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feminine nouns that have locative (difference in the stress):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;тень в тенИ о тЕни&#xA;грязь в грязИ о грЯзи&#xA;пыль в пылИ о пЫли&#xA;грудь в грудИ о грУди&#xA;сень в сенИ о сЕни&#xA;ночь в ночИ о нОчи&#xA;даль в далИ о дАли&#xA;мель на мелИ о мЕли&#xA;сеть в сетИ о сЕти&#xA;печь в печИ о пЕчи&#xA;кровь в кровИ о крОви&#xA;ось на осИ об Оси&#xA;рысь на рысИ о рЫси&#xA;связь в связИ о свЯзи&#xA;тишь в тишИ о тИши&#xA;кровь на кровИ о крОви&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feminine nouns that have locative forms in plural (difference in the stress and е-ё):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;слЁзы в слезАх о слЁзах&#xA;сОпли в соплЯх о сОплях&#xA;слЮни в слюнЯх о слЮнях&#xA;Ясли в яслЯх о Яслях&#xA;слАсти в сластЯх о слАстях&#xA;стрАсти в страстЯх о стрАстях&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2017-07-27T10:31:28.903" LastActivityDate="2017-07-27T10:31:28.903" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-07-27T11:50:08.497" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7375" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7380" CreationDate="2014-10-07T20:08:06.783" Score="2" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Впрочем, количество компаний, принимающих биткойн, уже записывается числом почти с пятью нулями (статистика получена от сервисов, &lt;strong&gt;перекрывающих&lt;/strong&gt; криптовалютные платежи обычными деньгами: Coinbase, BitPay и др.; они помогают принимать биткойны) и среди них есть как мелкие предприятия, так и гиганты с миллиардными оборотами вроде Dell, Overstock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Источник: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.computerra.ru/108179/cheap-btc/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.computerra.ru/108179/cheap-btc/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4384" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-10-08T10:52:03.147" LastActivityDate="2014-10-08T10:52:03.147" Title="Что здесь значит слово «перекрывать»?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7376" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7378" CreationDate="2014-10-08T05:30:03.567" Score="2" ViewCount="490" Body="&lt;p&gt;Or that tool came to the USSR from Bulgaria?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastActivityDate="2014-10-08T07:12:42.393" Title="Is &quot;болгарка&quot; a distorted transcription of burglar tool?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7376" CreationDate="2014-10-08T07:10:01.493" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Second one, &quot;tool came to the USSR from Bulgaria&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Однако слово «болгарка» в обиходе российских людей появилось лишь в 70-х годах, когда начался массовый выпуск данного инструмента на &quot;Болгарский завод &quot;Элпром-Ловеч&quot;, и дальнейшие поставки на территорию СССР.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2139" LastActivityDate="2014-10-08T07:10:01.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7376" CreationDate="2014-10-08T07:12:42.393" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yep, first tool of such kind come to USSR from Bulgaria (Fortuna named, produced on &quot;Элпром-Ловеч&quot; plant now called Sparky)  - whey bought AEG licence in 1966. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1159" LastActivityDate="2014-10-08T07:12:42.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7375" CreationDate="2014-10-08T07:26:19.603" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's just an &lt;em&gt;sofisticated&lt;/em&gt; definition of 'bitcoin exchange' IMO. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1159" LastActivityDate="2014-10-08T07:26:19.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7375" CreationDate="2014-10-08T10:49:50.840" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это какой-то ad-hoc термин, образованный от довольно широко распространенного &lt;em&gt;покрывать платеж&lt;/em&gt; (что есть собственно оплачивать) заменой приставки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Значение его очевидно по контексту — если Алиса выставляет счет Бобу, но не напрямую, а опосредованно — через Виктора, который не просто проводит транзакцию, но делает что-то еще (в данном случае — конвертирует валюты) таким образом, что платеж от Боба к Алисе как таковой перестает существовать, ибо деньги, скорее всего, аккумулируются у Виктора и переводятся Алисе более крупными партиями; то вот это самое, чем занимается Виктор и названо здесь &lt;em&gt;перекрытием платежа&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зачем это здесь это так названо, я не знаю — я не смог нагуглить более ни одного примера употребления глагола &lt;em&gt;перекрывать&lt;/em&gt; в этом значении. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastActivityDate="2014-10-08T10:49:50.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7381" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-08T16:12:26.170" Score="5" ViewCount="566" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have two ways to say it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Дай свой  голос!&#xA;Проголосуйте!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The context is that there is a big voting going on and I want to invite Russian speaking people to come and vote also for the greater good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which way is the correct way to invite people to vote and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4388" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T17:15:46.827" Title="How to say &quot;come and vote&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7381" CreationDate="2014-10-08T16:31:26.880" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most frequently used phrases are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Голосуй!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Отдай свой голос!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both are correct.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The plural form is also usable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Голосуйте!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Отдайте свой голос!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my humble opinion, first phrase is the most informal, whenever the last one - is the most formal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-10-08T16:31:26.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7252" CreationDate="2014-10-09T20:30:46.747" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Акакий, Лаврентий, Терентий, Вий! :-)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бестия, гаргулия :-)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;выпь :-)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. более правильная форма: гаргулья&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4392" LastActivityDate="2014-10-09T20:30:46.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7385" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7386" CreationDate="2014-10-09T21:51:44.607" Score="4" ViewCount="406" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is the &amp;quot;future in the past&amp;quot; rendered in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context&lt;/strong&gt;: A particular event was not planned for a certain evening, so I made other plans. At the last minute, however, the event wound up happening after all. My friend calls up and says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Friend:&lt;/em&gt; Why weren't you at the event?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Me:&lt;/em&gt; I made other plans because &lt;strong&gt;there wasn't going to be&lt;/strong&gt; an event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All I can think of is ways to completely avoid the &amp;quot;future in the past&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не пришёл потому, что...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;не знал, что мероприятие бдует.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;думал, что мероприятия не будет.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a better way to express this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="313" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-10-11T09:24:46.640" Title="Future in the Past" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;tense&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7385" CreationDate="2014-10-09T23:37:32.780" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct, this is the best option. There is no &lt;em&gt;future in the past&lt;/em&gt; tense in Russian as a separate language mechanism but it perfectly works as a way you have done it. So all situations like this are covered by putting verbs in the past and in the future tenses all together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only thing should be fixed is &lt;code&gt;пришёл&lt;/code&gt; (instead of &lt;s&gt;&lt;code&gt;приходил&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/s&gt;) because it's &lt;em&gt;совершенный вид глагола&lt;/em&gt; must be used in such a situation (I know it's a bit of hardness for learners of Russian language)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не &lt;strong&gt;пришёл&lt;/strong&gt; потому, что...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;не знал, что мероприятие бдует.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;думал, что мероприятия не будет.&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastActivityDate="2014-10-09T23:37:32.780" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7387" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7388" CreationDate="2014-10-10T05:03:27.627" Score="2" ViewCount="3594" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has she only her feet loose? Or is she only good all around?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T12:26:30.477" Title="Is there any sexual implication in девушка хоть куда?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7387" CreationDate="2014-10-10T05:42:34.893" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The colloquial expression &lt;strong&gt;хоть куда&lt;/strong&gt; means great.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;На Лизавете Григорьевне Муромской, ― отвечал Иван Петрович; ― невеста хоть куда; не правда ли?&lt;/em&gt; (Пушкин, &quot;Барышня-крестьянка&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мой Митрофанушка из-за книги не встаёт по суткам... жаль, жаль, да подумаешь: зато будет и детина хоть куда.&lt;/em&gt; (Фонвизин, &quot;Недоросль&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Поглядел на карты: масть хоть куда, козыри есть.&lt;/em&gt; (Н. В. Гоголь. Пропавшая грамота)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;губерния Крутогорская хоть куда&lt;/em&gt; (Салтыков-Щедрин)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When spoken about a girl, I'd say it means that she is great for marry her.  This expression is about marriage, not one-time sex.  (Often same about guys.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is one more sense in &quot;хоть куда&quot;: when spoken about relatively old people, it means he/she is perfecly able to do what young people do (work, sex, anything).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-10-10T05:42:34.893" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7389" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-10T10:11:22.120" Score="6" ViewCount="708" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to know if the expression 'Молодец!' (or молодцы́!) in the context of 'good!', 'you did it right!', 'this is a great work!' ,'you accomplished a difficult work!' etc.... is always familiar or can be used for example with business partners in Russia ( and other ex-Ussr republics )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have also the feeling that this term was strongly connected with the daily life in USSR, eg when a worker was well doing his(/her) job, doing his(/her) daily share of the work , when a project was done , etc....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if for example I use that term to say that some partners have done well their work and I have but informal business connections with them , could they consider that I am familiar with them? Or would it sounds natural?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user4256" LastActivityDate="2015-02-11T09:31:17.513" Title="is 'Молодец! / молодцы́!' always a familiar expression?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7389" CreationDate="2014-10-10T11:35:35.937" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main problem is that &lt;code&gt;Молодцы!&lt;/code&gt; cannot be used when addressing &lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt; person using respective plural &lt;code&gt;вы&lt;/code&gt;. When addressing only &lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt; person you have to use &lt;code&gt;Молодец&lt;/code&gt;, which sounds too informal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When there are several persons you could use &lt;code&gt;Молодцы!&lt;/code&gt; even for business partners.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But keep in mind, that this word sounds most naturally from a teacher, imho.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-10-10T11:35:35.937" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7389" CreationDate="2014-10-10T11:45:15.477" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, you cannot use it with business partners. It has patronizing obertones, for example a parent can say this to the kid, but not vice versa. Hardly even a boss can say this to an employee. The english equivalent is &quot;smart girl&quot;, &quot;smart boy&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-10-10T11:45:15.477" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7389" CreationDate="2014-10-10T11:57:01.070" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's pretty natural to say &lt;code&gt;Вы молоде́ц!&lt;/code&gt; to one person, including one's business partner, and it won't sound informal or patronizing. If you address several people, then it is &lt;code&gt;Вы молодцы́!&lt;/code&gt; There are &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%C2%FB+%EC%EE%EB%EE%E4%E5%F6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;lots of examples of such usage&lt;/a&gt; in the National Corpus:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;― Я слышал ваш разговор с моим коллегой. Вы молодец, конечно. Они в вас многое теряют, но только я должен сказать: я с вами всё-таки никак не согласен. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%C2%FB%20%EC%EE%EB%EE%E4%E5%F6&amp;amp;docid=84742&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ю. О. Домбровский. Обезьяна приходит за своим черепом, часть 2 (1943-1958)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но все хорошо, поздравляю вас с успехом! Вы молодец! Очень мне понравилось, когда вы сказали, что указ об открытии Школы-Студии МХАТ подписал товарищ Сталин. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%C2%FB%20%EC%EE%EB%EE%E4%E5%F6&amp;amp;docid=44683&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Владлен Давыдов. Театр моей мечты (2004)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;― Здравствуйте, здравствуйте! Вы молодец, Анатолий Карлович, что пришли! Суханов грузно поднялся из-за стола, вышел навстречу Журковскому, протягивая вперед руку для пожатия. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%C2%FB%20%EC%EE%EB%EE%E4%E5%F6&amp;amp;p=2&amp;amp;docid=43561&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Андрей Белозеров. Чайка (2001)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-10-10T11:57:01.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7393" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-10T12:22:19.583" Score="4" ViewCount="417" Body="&lt;p&gt;While  фашист and бандит should translate in English respectively to 'fascist' and 'bandit', I have the feeling that their real meaning is much stronger in Russian than in English, indeed &quot;you're a fascist&quot; and &quot;you're a bandit&quot; sounds relatively low in English and these expressions are rather soft or even can be funny in English ( and in other languages ) while they are - I feel - much stronger in Russian ( or is that only Ukrainian ?). Is that impression correct or is that an illusion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user4256" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-10-10T18:54:17.833" LastActivityDate="2014-10-10T18:54:17.833" Title="фашист, бандит and their real equivalent meaning in Russian?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7393" CreationDate="2014-10-10T13:13:22.557" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Фашист&lt;/em&gt; in colloquial Russian means primarily a German Nazi (or, through metonimy, any supporter of Nazi or Nazi-like ideology).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term was widely used by the Soviet media in 1930's, and the German troops which invaded Soviet Union were labeled &quot;German Fascist invaders&quot; (&lt;em&gt;немецко-фашистские захватчики&lt;/em&gt;) right away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In stricter sense of word, it would mean quite the same as English &quot;fascist&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of the cultural connotations, the term &lt;em&gt;фашист&lt;/em&gt; would be deemed a very strong expression by majority of Russian speakers born or raised in the former USSR. I personally can't imagine a situation where it could be used jokingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Бандит&lt;/em&gt; means a &quot;gangster&quot;, a member of an armed organized crime group. It's a legal term as well. Contrary to its English counterpart (&quot;bandit&quot;), it does not have positive connotations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More correct translation of &quot;bandit&quot; to Russian would be &lt;em&gt;разбойник&lt;/em&gt;. For instance, &quot;good&quot; guys like Robin Hood and Hong Gildong are usually called &lt;em&gt;разбойник&lt;/em&gt;, but Al Capone or Tony Soprano would rather be &lt;em&gt;бандит&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not quite a strong term, though. For instance, a mother could say &lt;em&gt;он такой бандит!&lt;/em&gt; about her child, meaning the child does not behave.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2014-10-10T13:13:22.557" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7393" CreationDate="2014-10-10T15:40:57.227" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well in Russian the term &quot;fascist&quot; is about as strong as the term &quot;sadist&quot;. It in fact would mean &quot;ethno-sadist&quot; or &quot;racial sadist&quot; that is a person who enjoys to inflict suffering to other people for pleasure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-10-10T15:40:57.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7385" CreationDate="2014-10-10T15:59:15.120" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;there wasn't going to be an event&quot; has some connotations which are not represented by the translation &quot;не знал/думал, что мероприятия (не) будет&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you want to say &quot;не знал, что мероприятие будет&quot;, you can perfectly fine say it in English &quot;I didn't know that the event will happen [after all]&quot;. It's 100% correct translation which communicates the original meaning unchanged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the &quot;because there wasn't going to be an event&quot; there are 100% correct translation, which is &quot;потому что мероприятия не должно было быть&quot;. Do note, however, that it's valid Russian, but somewhat too pedantic, no one speaks like that usually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, yes, as @RuslanGerasimov noted, you don't usually speak &quot;я не приходил&quot;, because it's technically something like Past Continuous in Russian (it meant literally that you haven't come &lt;em&gt;several times a row&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;each time&lt;/em&gt; you were asked to come).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="114" LastEditorUserId="114" LastEditDate="2014-10-11T09:24:46.640" LastActivityDate="2014-10-11T09:24:46.640" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7397" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-03T00:44:33.067" Score="4" ViewCount="12319" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have only a standard English (qwerty) keyboard on my computer.  Can anyone recommend a convenient method (free software or something else) by which I can use my keyboard to type the Cyrillic alphabet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4205" OwnerDisplayName="David" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-10-10T22:56:30.943" LastActivityDate="2020-05-22T12:44:34.117" Title="Typing Russian on an English keyboard" Tags="&lt;software&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-05-22T12:45:10.073" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7397" CreationDate="2014-10-03T09:45:35.990" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many online tools for converting latin letters to cyrillic ones. For instance &lt;a href=&quot;http://translit.net/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://translit.net/&lt;/a&gt; - it allows to type latin letters that are converted to cyrillic automatically. For instance &quot;kak dela&quot; becomes &quot;как дела&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" OwnerDisplayName="Artemix" LastActivityDate="2014-10-03T09:45:35.990" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-05-22T12:45:10.073" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7399" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7397" CreationDate="2014-10-05T12:02:36.427" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could use so called phonetic layout, &lt;em&gt;ЯВЕРТЫ&lt;/em&gt;; that is software layout where Cyrillic letters are placed to roughly correspond the legend on a physical Latin keyboard: “f” – „ф“, “u” – „у“, “i” – „и“, “a” – „а“ and so forth. If you type in Russian enough to memorize a bit illogical position of nine Cyrillic letters, which lack their counterparts in Latin: ъ, ь, ю, я, ш, щ, ч, э, ж; that would probably be the best option for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It’s available out of a box in X11 (&lt;code&gt;Option &quot;XkbLayout&quot; &quot;us,ru(phonetic)&quot;&lt;/code&gt;), and, as for popular non-free systems, it can be easily found over the Web as installable package.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Disadvantage: you would get used to it and would never switch to normal &lt;em&gt;ЙЦУКЕН&lt;/em&gt;. :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" OwnerDisplayName="Dmitry Alexandrov" LastActivityDate="2014-10-05T12:02:36.427" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-05-22T12:45:10.073" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7397" CreationDate="2014-10-10T23:26:01.433" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are using &lt;a href=&quot;/questions/tagged/windows&quot; class=&quot;post-tag&quot; title=&quot;show questions tagged &amp;#39;windows&amp;#39;&quot; rel=&quot;tag&quot;&gt;windows&lt;/a&gt;, you could use the builtin &lt;a href=&quot;http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/type-without-keyboard#type-without-keyboard=windows-7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;On-Screen Keyboard&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Start&lt;/code&gt;&amp;rarr;&lt;code&gt;All Programs&lt;/code&gt;&amp;rarr;&lt;code&gt;Accessories&lt;/code&gt;&amp;rarr;&lt;code&gt;Ease of Access&lt;/code&gt;&amp;rarr;&lt;code&gt;On-Screen Keyboard&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All you need is to set up the Russian language in the &lt;code&gt;Control Panel&lt;/code&gt;&amp;rarr;&lt;code&gt;Regional Settings&lt;/code&gt; to be able to switch between input languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another option is to buy stickers with the Russian letters. For instance: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Delectronics&amp;amp;field-keywords=Russian%20Keyboard%20Stickers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-10-10T23:26:01.433" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-05-22T12:45:10.073" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7401" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7402" CreationDate="2014-10-11T14:26:15.997" Score="2" ViewCount="1051" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen once&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ну ты ваще!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;somewhere. Is it related to &quot;вообще&quot; as the redirection to that word in Wiktionary suggests?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that case, what is the whole thing? Since I feel like it's missing an adjective, does it mean something by itself? I'd expected &quot;ну ты ваще дурак/умный!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T08:56:32.147" Title="What is &quot;ну ты ваще!&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7401" CreationDate="2014-10-11T17:14:46.723" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This phrase is an emotional exclamation. You are right, it's related to &lt;code&gt;вообще&lt;/code&gt; and it skips the main word. This missing word is usually known from a context and an intonation. It can has either positive or negative meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ну ты ваще дебил!&lt;/code&gt; negative exclamation, noun is used.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ну ты ваще молодец!&lt;/code&gt; positive exclamation, noun is used.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ну ты ваще красивый!&lt;/code&gt; positive (humorous?) exclamation, adjective is used.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ну ты ваще герой!&lt;/code&gt; positive (humorous?) exclamation, noun is used.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my answer is: this phrase has no self-explanatory meaning without a context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-10-11T17:14:46.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7403" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7405" CreationDate="2014-10-12T03:57:02.063" Score="0" ViewCount="256" Body="&lt;p&gt;While the method of translating foreign words need not follow a rigid format, I was a little surprised that Russian has смартфон but умные часы rather than смартчасы. Is there a reasonable explanation for the different way these terms are translated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2014-10-14T05:05:25.450" Title="Смартфон, а не смартчасы" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7404" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7403" CreationDate="2014-10-12T08:26:10.590" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;May be because &lt;code&gt;смартвоч&lt;/code&gt; sounds quite strange for Russian ear. It's not clear how to pronounce it - 'смартвоч' or 'смартуоч' because Russian language has not sound &lt;code&gt;w&lt;/code&gt;. By contrast, &lt;code&gt;смартфон&lt;/code&gt; sounds good, similar to Russian word &lt;code&gt;телефон&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4336" LastActivityDate="2014-10-12T08:26:10.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7403" CreationDate="2014-10-12T11:40:37.657" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;В русском языке много составных заимствованных слов с греческим корнем  φωνή (голос, звук), оканчивающихся на -фон. Часто оба корня в составном слове — заимствованные:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;миелофон&lt;/a&gt;, патефон, грамофон, микрофон, мегафон, телефон, таксофон, шлемофон, спикерфон, ларингофон, видеофон, диктофон, магнитофон, ксилофон, металлофон, виброфон, ... Так что &amp;quot;смартфон&amp;quot; отлично подходит в этот список.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С другой стороны, я не припоминаю составных слов с корнем &amp;quot;часы&amp;quot;, но есть: электронные часы, наручные часы, настенные часы, напольные часы, башенные часы, ... по аналогии —  умные часы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Russian language has many compound loan words with Greek roots φωνή (voice, sound), ending in -фон. Often both roots in a compound word are loan:&#xA;thought-to-speech device(1), phonograph, gramophone, microphone, megaphone, telephone, pay phone, headset, speakerphone, throat microphone, videophone, voice recorder, recorder, xylophone, glockenspiel, vibraphone, ... So the &amp;quot;смартфон&amp;quot; fits perfectly into this list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, I do not recall compound words with the root &amp;quot;часы&amp;quot;, but there are electronic watches, wrist watches, wall clocks, floor clocks, clock tower... by analogy - smart watches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) From Кир Булычёв books&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T01:49:38.913" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7406" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7408" CreationDate="2014-10-12T13:32:31.550" Score="3" ViewCount="462" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g33052-d104238-i104864446-Santa_Monica_Pier-Santa_Monica_California.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;comment&lt;/a&gt; on a vacation photograph that reads: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чайки жирные летают просто жуть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this literally mean that the fat seagulls are creepy, or is there a colloquial meaning to all this? I don't get it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-10-15T17:29:51.030" Title="Meaning of просто жуть" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7406" CreationDate="2014-10-12T13:40:08.020" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this context &lt;code&gt;просто жуть&lt;/code&gt; is an equivalent for &lt;code&gt;ну очень&lt;/code&gt; (very, extremely):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Чайки жирные летают, ну очень жирные.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Fat seagulls are flying and they are extremely fat.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2014-10-12T14:04:38.253" LastActivityDate="2014-10-12T14:04:38.253" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7406" CreationDate="2014-10-12T14:12:24.903" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure, maybe &quot;просто жуть&quot; ~ 'as hell', 'like hell'&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;Чайки жирные просто жуть!&quot; ~ 'Seagulls are fat as hell'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2014-10-12T14:18:22.227" LastActivityDate="2014-10-12T14:18:22.227" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7410" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7620" CreationDate="2014-10-12T17:33:53.550" Score="3" ViewCount="325" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to say &quot;потоп&quot; (as a verb) instead &quot;потоплен&quot;?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;E.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;   Его корабль потоп.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if so, then where can I check it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4398" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-12-15T18:02:26.677" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T18:02:26.677" Title="&quot;потоп&quot; as a verb" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7411" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7410" CreationDate="2014-10-12T18:00:34.233" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can search &lt;code&gt;потопла&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruscorpora.ru/search-main.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ruscorpora.ru&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It found &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%EF%EE%F2%EE%EF%EB%E0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;four documents with this word&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The system also found one document with &lt;code&gt;он потоп&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that for this site, лексико-грамматический поиск is pretty useless (usually finds nothing).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-10-12T18:00:34.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7410" CreationDate="2014-10-12T18:44:11.740" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, I don't think it's possible. Somewhat acceptable, although still awkward alternative is &lt;em&gt;утоп&lt;/em&gt; - probably, due to phonetic similarity to утопленник, grizzly child song &quot;один из них утоп&quot; and lack of confusion with потоп as noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1604" LastActivityDate="2014-10-12T18:44:11.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7397" CreationDate="2014-10-12T20:38:09.270" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used the following low tech method for my desktop computer which has a white keyboard. Install your favorite Cyrillic keyboard layout in the settings and then write the corresponding Russian letter on the front side of each key (not the top one!) with pencil. The pencil marks will gradually disappear because of accidental touches but it is usually OK as you will learn how to type Russian without looking at the keyboard by that time. An extra benefit of this method that you will learn to type in Russian using any querty keyboard and don't need to install any programs or open a browser.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4361" LastEditorUserId="4361" LastEditDate="2014-10-13T04:54:50.743" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T04:54:50.743" CommentCount="5" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-05-22T12:45:10.073" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7415" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7419" CreationDate="2014-10-13T08:27:37.213" Score="5" ViewCount="1555" Body="&lt;p&gt;The computer terms &lt;em&gt;login&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;logout&lt;/em&gt; are commonly translated as &lt;em&gt;вход&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;выход&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;войти&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;выйти&lt;/em&gt;. I am struggling however with the expressions &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You are not logged in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Please login first&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could translate the former as &lt;em&gt;вы не вошли&lt;/em&gt;, but &lt;em&gt;вошли куда&lt;/em&gt; (where)? The same with the latter: &lt;em&gt;Пожалуйста, сначала войдите&lt;/em&gt; — again, enter what? In English, the verb &lt;em&gt;to log in&lt;/em&gt; implies the computer environment. In Russian, the corresponding word &lt;em&gt;входить&lt;/em&gt; has no such connotation. I could say &lt;em&gt;войти на сайт&lt;/em&gt;, but that would be wrong again, since the user &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; already in my site, he should just log in. I am lost :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related question: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/4106&quot;&gt;How to translate LOGIN and REGISTER?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-11-26T17:22:59.673" Title="How to translate “You are not logged in” into Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7401" CreationDate="2014-10-13T08:56:32.147" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually this is a synonym for &quot;Ну ты даешь!&quot;, wiktionary defines it as an exclamation when someone does &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;something unexpected&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;неперех., разг. делать что-то неожиданное ◆ Ну ты даёшь! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, when a man in a typical businessman outfit suddenly makes a somersault a natural reaction would be &quot;Ну ты даешь!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T08:56:32.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7406" CreationDate="2014-10-13T09:10:00.067" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In fact this is a verse from a &lt;a href=&quot;http://tekst-pesni-tut.ru/song/show/824713/gazmanov/tekst-pesni-i-perevod-a-ya-devushek-lyublyu/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;song by Oleg Gazmanov&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На пляжу лежу и в небо я гляжу,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Чайки жирные летают, просто жуть,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  А я худенький такой - унесет меня прибой,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Лучше я в песок зароюсь с головой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think it has some &quot;deep meaning&quot; except for the seagull and the sea (and the fact that the author of the photo remembers this song).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the meaning of &quot;просто жуть&quot; - the verse itself can be rephrased without any losses in meaning as &quot;летают ужасно жирные чайки&quot;: the awfully fat seagulls are flying around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-10-13T11:52:10.173" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T11:52:10.173" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7415" CreationDate="2014-10-13T10:25:36.050" Score="13" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы не авторизованы&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Пожалуйста, авторизируйтесь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4403" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-10-13T14:48:43.530" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T14:48:43.530" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7415" CreationDate="2014-10-13T12:40:16.480" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пожалуйста, войдите/зайдите на форум.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пожалуйста, введите Ваше имя (Ваш ник) и пароль.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T12:40:16.480" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7415" CreationDate="2014-10-13T12:44:22.183" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Простой народ не парится, пишет &quot;вы не залогинились&quot;, &quot;сначала залогиньтесь&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Народ посложнее пишет &quot;вы не вошли в систему&quot;, &quot;сначала войдите в систему&quot;.&#xA;Согласитесь, загадочная &quot;система&quot; таинственнее, чем просто сайт. Это нечто другое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Авторизация - тоже неплохо, но как-то заумно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ещё модно приплетать полномочия.&#xA;&quot;Подтвердите Ваши полномочия&quot;. Каждое слово по-русски!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T12:44:22.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7422" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-13T14:24:29.347" Score="2" ViewCount="545" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for Russian equivalents for these time-related English collocations. Perhaps someone can help me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) to spend time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) to waste time on something&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) to make time for something/someone&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) to save time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5) to have time for something&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6) to kill or pass time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7) to take one's time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8) to be on time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9) Just in time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10) Have a hard or rough time with something&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11) it's about time (finally!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;12) to run out about time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4269" LastActivityDate="2014-10-20T07:09:12.243" Title="Help translating these time-related collocations into Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7423" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-13T15:51:36.563" Score="2" ViewCount="1727" Body="&lt;p&gt;Казахоязычная или казахскоязычная и почему?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3615" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T20:23:40.603" Title="Казахоязычная или казахскоязычная" Tags="&lt;словообразование&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7423" CreationDate="2014-10-13T17:47:14.853" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ни то, ни другое слово грамматике не противоречит: &lt;em&gt;казахскоязычный&lt;/em&gt; образовано соединением основ слов &lt;em&gt;казахский&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;язык&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;казахоязычный&lt;/em&gt; — основ &lt;em&gt;казах&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;язык&lt;/em&gt; (т. е. &lt;em&gt;язык казахов&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если посмотреть на то, как образуются подобные составные прилагательные для других языков и семей языков, то видно, что предпочтение ожидаемо отдается более короткому варианту без суффикса &lt;em&gt;-ск-&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;англоязычный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;арабоязычный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;германоязычный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;грекоязычный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ивритоязычный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ираноязычный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;испаноязычный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;италоязычный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;тюркоязычный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;украиноязычный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;финноязычный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;японоязычный&lt;/em&gt; и т. п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примеры обратного тоже существуют. Первым приходит в голову, разумеется, &lt;em&gt;русскоязычный&lt;/em&gt;; и он легко об’ясним — мы могли бы сказать &lt;em&gt;*русоязычный&lt;/em&gt; в том случае, если бы могли сказать &lt;em&gt;язык руси&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;русь&lt;/em&gt; как собирательное) или &lt;em&gt;язык русов&lt;/em&gt;, но так мы не говорим¹.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Немецкоязычный&lt;/em&gt;, а не &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%22&amp;amp;hl=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;немоязычный&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;польскоязычный&lt;/em&gt;, а не &lt;em&gt;*полеязычный&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;литовскоязычный&lt;/em&gt;, а не &lt;em&gt;*литоязычный&lt;/em&gt; — вероятно, по сходной причине; нельзя также не отметить долю оксюморона в слове &lt;em&gt;немоязычный&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Турецкоязычный&lt;/em&gt; — вероятно, для размежевания с вышеупомянутым словом &lt;em&gt;тюркоязычный&lt;/em&gt;, что относится ко всей тюрской языковой семье.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;¹ См. также вопрос &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/7094/why-russians-use-adjective-when-speaking-about-their-nation-and-nouns-for-the-re&quot;&gt;«Why Russians use adjective when speaking about their nation and nouns for the rest of the world?»&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T18:40:13.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7410" CreationDate="2014-10-13T19:15:44.457" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Потоп is a colloquialism, like утоп. It is much better to say &quot;корабль потонул&quot; or &quot;корабль затонул&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T19:15:44.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7423" CreationDate="2014-10-13T20:23:40.603" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Google search results:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;казахоязычная&quot; - 14 000 results;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;казахскоязычная&quot; - 10 100 results.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently, there is no obvious preference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4336" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T20:23:40.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7422" CreationDate="2014-10-13T22:21:15.053" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тратить время.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тратить время на что-либо.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Найти время на что-либо.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сэкономить время.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Иметь время на что либо.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Убить время (to spend a lot of time).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;**&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Быть вовремя.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как раз вовремя.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Иметь плохое или неприятное время с кем-то.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дело во времени.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;**&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translation of these phrases is more about semantic meaning unlike direct translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;** I confused to translate these phrases despite that Russian is my native language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4126" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T22:21:15.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7422" CreationDate="2014-10-13T23:26:40.850" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Note: when I wrote this answer, I didn't look at the other people's answers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) to spend time - провести время&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) to waste time on something - зря потратить время на что-то&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) to make time for something/someone - найти время на что-то/для кого-то&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) to save time - сэкономить время&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5) to have time for something - иметь время на что-то (у него есть время на футбол)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6) to kill or pass time - убить время&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7) to take one's time - занять чьё-то время&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8) to be on time - прибыть/прийти вовремя&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9) Just in time - точно вовремя, точно в нужное время&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10) Have a hard or rough time with something - don't know how to translate this one&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11) it's about time (finally!) - (наконец, наконец-то) настало время&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;12) to run out about time - don't know the meaning on English&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-10-13T23:26:40.850" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7039" CreationDate="2014-10-14T01:37:55.467" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some native russian have troubles with &quot;-тся&quot;/&quot;-ться&quot; too. &#xA;So we have special site for that: &lt;a href=&quot;http://tsya.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://tsya.ru/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4406" LastActivityDate="2014-10-14T01:37:55.467" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7432" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7433" CreationDate="2014-10-14T11:05:30.560" Score="2" ViewCount="929" Body="&lt;p&gt;Скажите, пожалуйста, как объясняется тот факт, что при использовании количества, больше одного, подлежащее становится дополнением (если это правильно) и переходит в родительный падеж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В нашей комании работают сотрудники (Именит)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В нашей компании работает один сотрудник (Именит)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В нашей компании работает сто сотрудников (Род)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Единственное объяснение, которое я нашла по аналогии это сходство с Genetivus partitivus в Латыни, но не знаю, правильно ли оно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(вопрос появился в связи с курсом русского языка learnrussian.rt.com)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4208" LastActivityDate="2014-10-14T13:48:16.923" Title="Родительный падеж + количество" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7432" CreationDate="2014-10-14T13:48:16.923" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правило немного другое. Нужно посмотреть, на какое &lt;em&gt;слово&lt;/em&gt; оканчивается ваше число.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дальше, если вам нужно число + объект в форме именительного падежа (именительный или винительный для неодушевлённых), то&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;...один&lt;/strong&gt; — использовать &lt;em&gt;именительный падеж, ед.ч&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;... два(две)/три/четыре&lt;/strong&gt; — использовать &lt;em&gt;родительный падеж ед.ч&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;... пять/шесть/...десять/одиннадцать/...сто/тысяча/миллион...*&lt;/strong&gt; — использовать &lt;em&gt;родительный падеж мн.ч.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Объяснение, если на пальцах, достаточно простое (я не лингвист, поэтому совершенно научно вряд ли объясню). В русском маленькие числа были прилагательными, а пять и больше — существительными. Сравните: &lt;em&gt;полная кровать &lt;strong&gt;яблок&lt;/strong&gt;/ куча &lt;strong&gt;яблок&lt;/strong&gt;/ пять &lt;strong&gt;яблок&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — аналогия тут очевидна&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Усложняется дело тем, что когда-то в славянских языках было двойственное число. Это сейчас его не осталось почти ни в одном. Соответственно, если бы мы до сих пор так говорили, система была бы примерно такой:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;один стол (ИМ.п, ед.ч)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;два стола (ИМ.п, дв.ч)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;три/четыре столы (ИМ.п, мн.ч)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;пять столов (РОД.п, мн.ч)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(это ИМИТАЦИЯ из слов современного русского — уверяю вас, с точки зрения истории это 100% вранье! Помните, что в древнерусском склонения по падежам были другие, а окончание &quot;-ов&quot; — редкая диковинка, которая была лишь для одного типа существительных мужского рода; в древнерусском было правильно говорить &quot;пять конь&quot;, &quot;много стол&quot;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дальше происходит любопытное: в процессе развития двойственное число пропадает почти во всех славянских языках. Встаёт вопрос, что делать с 2,3,4, которые используют разные формы, одна из которых ныне противоречит логике языка. У нас при этом двойственное число подменяется родительным падежом единственного, потому что формы у ряда мужских существительных похожи. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И тут одни языки решают использовать &quot;три/четыре&quot; прямо как два (&quot;три стола&quot;), а другие — использовать &quot;два&quot; по аналогии с &quot;три/четыре&quot; (&quot;два столы&quot;). Мы попали в первую группу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Собственно, и вся история.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-10-14T13:48:16.923" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7434" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7435" CreationDate="2014-10-14T15:26:35.213" Score="4" ViewCount="800" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found these two recently in different sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она уже не маленькая, если что.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(talking about their daughter, who wanted to move to America)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пойду и побью его. &#xA;  - Он 5 лет занимался боксом, если что.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only reference I found for если что was with случится, i.e. if anything happens. What is the speaker trying to say in these examples? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2014-10-21T02:43:21.533" LastActivityDate="2014-12-05T07:45:55.150" Title="Meaning of если что" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7434" CreationDate="2014-10-14T15:31:08.343" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first can be translated as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;She is not a kid, just in case you forgot.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or depending of a context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;She is not a kid, (she will manage to solve the problems) if anything happens.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He has 5 year boxing experience, just in case you did not know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or maybe &quot;if you know what I mean&quot; will better translate &quot;если что&quot; here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usage is slightly non-standard, but understandable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-10-14T15:36:42.337" LastActivityDate="2014-10-14T15:36:42.337" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7436" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7439" CreationDate="2014-10-14T23:33:57.310" Score="4" ViewCount="330" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found this passage and can't make out the meaning and how как fits in. Perhaps it has another adverbial function I don't know about?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Он снял с тумбочки лампу: если что, он &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; стукнет! ”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-10-15T08:19:17.700" Title="Use of как with verbs" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7436" CreationDate="2014-10-14T23:47:16.147" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this context &lt;em&gt;как&lt;/em&gt; indicates suddenness of the action (hitting). So, the phrase can be translated like &lt;em&gt;&quot;He took a lamp from the drawer, in case he would suddenly hit with it&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example: &lt;em&gt;Он как заорал&lt;/em&gt; — &lt;em&gt;He suddenly screamed out&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4413" LastActivityDate="2014-10-14T23:47:16.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7438" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-15T02:44:00.523" Score="2" ViewCount="1058" Body="&lt;p&gt;When saying what my name is, which one should I use and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4414" LastActivityDate="2014-10-15T05:57:57.570" Title="What is the difference between мои зовут and меня зовут?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7436" CreationDate="2014-10-15T02:44:29.693" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This colloquial word does not neccessary mean suddenly.  Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как дам сейчас!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I'll hit you so hard!)  Obviously, this couldn't be sudden, since you are telling you may do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как&lt;/code&gt; means strongly, hard, or suddenly, or both. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original sentence is translated as: &lt;code&gt;He took a lamp from the nightstand, now, if  neccessary, he will be able to hit very hard&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как&lt;/code&gt; in this meaning is mostly about hitting, screaming and such, but occasionally used about other actions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Леня Голубков вкладывал деньги на счет, а потом как разбогател.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes after such &lt;code&gt;как&lt;/code&gt; the verb is in future tense instead of past tense to make the sentence more emotional:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сначала он онемел, а потом как заорёт: — Убирайтесь отсюда!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The similar seentence with paste tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сначала он онемел, а потом как заорал: — Убирайтесь отсюда!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would also be correct, and have the same meaning, but would be less emotional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in the original example the construct &quot;если что&quot; means that the action is going to happen in future (or not happen at all).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also another, completely different, meaning of &lt;code&gt;как&lt;/code&gt; which is often missed by dictionaries: sometimes it replaces &lt;code&gt;как только&lt;/code&gt;.  This meaning of &lt;code&gt;как&lt;/code&gt; already existed in old Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Како приде ся грамота, тако пришли ми цоловек на жерепце, зане ми здесе дел много.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(In modern Russian: &lt;code&gt;Как получишь это письмо, сразу пришли мне слугу на коне, потому что у меня тут много дел.&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2014-10-15T08:19:17.700" LastActivityDate="2014-10-15T08:19:17.700" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7438" CreationDate="2014-10-15T03:44:16.103" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should use &lt;code&gt;меня зовут&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literal translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;меня зовут&lt;/code&gt; -&gt; &lt;code&gt;they call me&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;мои зовут&lt;/code&gt; -&gt; &lt;code&gt;my [who?] call&lt;/code&gt; - doesn't make sense here&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4336" LastActivityDate="2014-10-15T03:44:16.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7438" CreationDate="2014-10-15T03:55:27.273" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some exceptions, but, as a rule, in absence of prepositions, when you translate &quot;X foobars Y with Z&quot;, X is in nominative, Y is in accusative, Z is in instrumental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &quot;they call me&quot;, &quot;me&quot; is Y, so you need accusative of &quot;я&quot;, which is &quot;меня&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;мои&quot; is plural of &quot;my&quot; or &quot;mine&quot; and I don't understand why you think it applies here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-10-15T03:55:27.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7438" CreationDate="2014-10-15T05:27:33.610" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Меня зовут&lt;/code&gt; is directly translated like &lt;code&gt;my name is&lt;/code&gt;. I.e. &lt;code&gt;меня зовут Петр&lt;/code&gt; -&gt; &lt;code&gt;my name is Peter&lt;/code&gt;. In most cases you should use this construction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мои зовут&lt;/code&gt; is not a common and grammatically correct construction in Russian language. It can be used as a slang phrase like &lt;code&gt;my [friends] are calling me&lt;/code&gt;. Cant find a proper example in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Of course there are so many cases where you can hear these phrases in a different meanings, but these two are the most common and correct IMO.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4415" LastActivityDate="2014-10-15T05:27:33.610" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7438" CreationDate="2014-10-15T05:57:57.570" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;you should use &lt;code&gt;Меня зовут&lt;/code&gt; when you are introducing yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;привет, меня зовут Аарон&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because меня зовут is the most common word that Russian recognize when they introducing themselves, even to foreigner who know Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4386" LastActivityDate="2014-10-15T05:57:57.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7444" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7415" CreationDate="2014-10-15T06:03:21.853" Score="1" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пожалуйста, авторизируйтесь = Please, login first&#xA;Вы не прошли идентификацию = You are not logged in&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4386" LastActivityDate="2014-10-15T06:03:21.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7445" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7446" CreationDate="2014-10-15T06:15:51.973" Score="4" ViewCount="1258" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw this word from my Russian friend, &lt;code&gt;&quot;учить&quot;.&lt;/code&gt;  I confuse in this&#xA;word. teach or learn?  I try to google translate it. it show &quot;teach&quot;.&#xA;What's the real meaning of this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4386" LastEditorUserId="4386" LastEditDate="2014-10-15T06:37:57.900" LastActivityDate="2014-11-08T23:51:38.473" Title="I'm very confuse with this word &quot;учить&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7445" CreationDate="2014-10-15T06:26:53.147" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;both&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вася учит физику - Vasya learns/studies physics&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вася учит студентов - Vasya teaches students.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IIRC, there were questions about this word already.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google Translate gave me not one but four translations: teach, learn, instruct, train.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-10-15T06:26:53.147" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7397" CreationDate="2014-10-15T06:30:27.590" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Go to &lt;code&gt;Control Panel&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;find Language(if you set your view into Small Icon)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;find Clock, Language and Region and you will see Add Language(if you set your view into Category)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, find Russian language and add it on your language list. Now, your good to go to pick a keyboard, appear on your lower right taskbar, near date and time bar. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just Advice, you need to have Russian letters sticker or, if you can afford a keyboard with Russian Cyrillic alphabet on it because it is little bit confusing if you don't master the arrangement of alphabet on their keyboard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4386" LastActivityDate="2014-10-15T06:30:27.590" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-05-22T12:45:10.073" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1734" CreationDate="2014-10-15T07:12:21.353" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard this from my Russian friend and I think &quot;да нет&quot; means I guess not because I ask her a question. &quot;Это твой первый раз, чтобы иметь филиппинских друга?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4386" LastActivityDate="2014-10-15T07:12:21.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7449" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7445" CreationDate="2014-10-15T12:03:07.027" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It technically means both &quot;to learn&quot; and &quot;to teach someone&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I learn Russian - Я учу русский&#xA;I teach you Russian- Я учу тебя русскому&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But notice that when you want to say:&#xA;I love to teach - Я люблю учить&#xA;I love to learn - Я люблю учиться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4416" LastActivityDate="2014-10-15T12:03:07.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1734" CreationDate="2014-10-15T13:25:56.407" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;да&lt;/code&gt; has emphasizing function in this context. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Да пошёл ты!    &#xA;Да не надо мне здесь заливать!&#xA;Да как сказать...&#xA;Да ну его к чёрту!&#xA;Да не может быть!&#xA;Да как ты посмел?!&#xA;Да на хрена он тебе сдался?&#xA;Да что с тобой такое происходит в последнее время? Ходишь, как сам не свой.&#xA;Да много ли мне надо?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all these cases you can throw out &lt;code&gt;да&lt;/code&gt;, because it is used to increase the importance of what you are saying. &#xA;There are a few nuances where &lt;code&gt;да нет&lt;/code&gt; is appropriate (like others have mentioned above):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Да нет, всё как раз наоборот&lt;/code&gt; - Quite the opposite&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ты уверен, что сможешь это сделать? - Да нет. Не очень то.&lt;/code&gt; -   Well, no&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastEditorUserId="1671" LastEditDate="2015-06-05T12:17:41.033" LastActivityDate="2015-06-05T12:17:41.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7406" CreationDate="2014-10-15T17:29:51.030" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't say Просто жуть means very much (очень). It's more an evaluation of what is said in the phrase before.&#xA;Seagulls are fat! That's awful, disgusting. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in your second example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поехавший парень! Просто жуть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's same, not that he is &quot;very crazy&quot;, but that his madness is beyond any limits, it's awful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4208" LastActivityDate="2014-10-15T17:29:51.030" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7314" CreationDate="2014-10-16T06:18:05.610" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For me, &quot;КАТЯ&quot; or Katya in Romanized word is a good name to put in there. It is sound unique to me but if I suggest to put it longer, I don't know if that his girl's nickname or full name. If that's a nickname, better to put her full name.  I have Russian friend have a nickname &quot;КАТЯ&quot;, her name is Katyusha. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is her name, try to put sweet word on her name like &quot;Cute Katya&quot;, &quot;Sweet Katya&quot; etc. in Russian word. As on ex- one, try to put something inspiring. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4386" LastActivityDate="2014-10-16T06:18:05.610" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7453" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7455" CreationDate="2014-10-16T06:27:45.140" Score="2" ViewCount="1267" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, as I practicing Russian writing and its languages. I just want to know if some other name can be translate into Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For mine, Aaron can be translate into &quot;Аарон&quot;. Any Russian can help me do translate on this some names:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Samuel&#xA;Aahmes&#xA;Jeffrey&#xA;Eduard&#xA;Cathleen&#xA;Lawrence&#xA;Janine&#xA;Neil&#xA;Steffie&#xA;Simon&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, I just want to extend my knowledge in Russian about people names. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4386" LastActivityDate="2014-10-16T17:19:08.383" Title="Some names can be translate in Russian word?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7453" CreationDate="2014-10-16T06:35:55.907" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Samuel - Самуэль(Сэмюэл)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Aahmes - Эмэс?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Jeffrey - Джеффри&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Eduard - Эдуард&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Cathleen - Кэтлин&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Lawrence - Лоуренс&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Janine - Джанин&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Neil - Нил&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Steffie - Стэфи?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Simon - Симон(Саймон)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4391" LastActivityDate="2014-10-16T06:35:55.907" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7453" CreationDate="2014-10-16T06:42:19.073" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for me, all of this names (except Eduard) - will be looking foreign for russian reader and probably should be just transliterated. Something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Samuel - Сэмюэль,  Сэмуэл&#xA;Aahmes - Эймс&#xA;Jeffrey - Джеффри&#xA;Eduard - Эдуард (more russian), Эдвард (more foreign)&#xA;Cathleen - Кэтлин&#xA;Lawrence - Лоуренс&#xA;Janine - Джанин&#xA;Neil - Нил&#xA;Steffie - Стеффи&#xA;Simon - Саймон&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some tip: there is &quot;russian IMDB&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kinopoisk.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.kinopoisk.ru/&lt;/a&gt; - so search for famous actor/actress with desired names and take russian translation for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2139" LastActivityDate="2014-10-16T06:42:19.073" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7453" CreationDate="2014-10-16T13:47:09.150" Score="1" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Original   | Foreign variant  | Russian variant&#xA;&#xA;Samuel       Сэмьюэл            Самуил&#xA;Aahmes       Эймс               -&#xA;Jeffrey      Джеффри/Джефри     -&#xA;Eduard       Эдвард             Эдуард&#xA;Cathleen     Кэтлин             -&#xA;Lawrence     Лоуренс            Лаврентий&#xA;Janine       Джанин             -&#xA;Neil         Нейл               -&#xA;Steffie      Стэфи/Штэфи        -&#xA;Simon        Саймон             Семён&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-10-16T14:46:25.033" LastActivityDate="2014-10-16T14:46:25.033" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7453" CreationDate="2014-10-16T17:19:08.383" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;When transcribing the names of contemporary people, you should follow the usual rules of English-Russian transcription. Thus said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Samuel    Самьюэл&#xA;Aahmes    Амс&#xA;Jeffrey   Джеффри&#xA;Eduard    Эдуард&#xA;Cathleen  Катлин&#xA;Lawrence  Лоренс&#xA;Janine    Джанин&#xA;Neil      Нил&#xA;Steffie   Стеффи&#xA;Simon     Саймон&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that transcriptions above reflect rules codified by Gilyarevsky and Starostin, Kuznetsova and others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They do not necessarily reflect the actual pronunciations of the names by American or British English speakers (or in fact any variety of English) and are results of multiple compromises made when developing those rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those rules are not in any way comprehensive, nor widely known to general public. That's why, especially with the advent of the Internet, you might find name of the same person transcribed dozens of ways. You can find Samuel Jackson's name transcribed as &lt;em&gt;Самуэль&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Самуэл&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Самюэль&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Сэмюэл&lt;/em&gt;, etc., with pretty much every possible combination of open/close versions of all three vowels and palatalized/unpalatalized final &lt;em&gt;л&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When transcribing the names of historical persons, or European monarchs, or Christian saints, or in multiple other special cases, you should use historically accepted transcriptions of those names (or their origins):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Samuel the Prophet        Пророк Самуил&#xA;Queen Aahmes              Царица Яхмес&#xA;Jeffrey of Monmouth       Гальфред Монмутский&#xA;Edward Longshanks         Эдвард Длинноногий&#xA;Lawrence of Arabia        Лоуренс Аравийский&#xA;Neil of the Nine Hostages Ниалл Девять Заложников&#xA;Simon Peter               Симон Пётр&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2014-10-16T17:19:08.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2234" CreationDate="2014-10-17T04:12:24.437" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, that is almost certainly a joke. It means something like &quot;a villainous mathematician&quot; or &quot;a mathematician gang boss&quot;. It depends on context, but usually something like that is a good-natured joke and doesn't mean disrespect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4420" LastActivityDate="2014-10-17T04:12:24.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7460" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7461" CreationDate="2014-10-17T05:41:48.243" Score="4" ViewCount="579" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to have more Russian friends from the website and I added them randomly. Some of them, commonly ask me &lt;code&gt;знакомы?&lt;/code&gt;. Some are use &lt;code&gt;кто это?&lt;/code&gt;. I just want to know what's the common word between this two words are very useful for Russian and what's the difference between them, because there's some Russian or even non-Russian who speak Russian are adding me on Vkontakte and I just want to use this word as to ask them who are they. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4386" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T13:25:23.567" Title="знакомы? and кто это? What's the difference and what's the common one?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7460" CreationDate="2014-10-17T07:04:51.330" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @Artemix has written &lt;code&gt;знакомы?&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;are we acqauainted?&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;кто это?&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;who's there?&lt;/code&gt;. The first variant is more polite and can be used in everyday speech as well, e.g. if a stranger contacts to you on the street. The second one is pretty informal and is relevant for use in the Internet when you don't know the person you talk/write to. Originally, before the Internet, &lt;code&gt;кто это?&lt;/code&gt; could be asked when you want to know who is knocking your door. So this question implies that you don't see the person. Basically, both phrases can be used in social networks chats with equal meaning. I'd recommend you &lt;code&gt;знакомы?&lt;/code&gt;, again, as more polite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastEditorUserId="4379" LastEditDate="2014-11-18T13:25:23.567" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T13:25:23.567" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7462" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7464" CreationDate="2014-10-18T01:32:41.240" Score="6" ViewCount="493" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need some confirmation that I understand correctly the  2 expressions mentioned in the title&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be clear, here is the whole dialog (taken from lesson 7 in the very helpful free learning website learnrussian.rt.com). There is translation of vocabulary but none for dialogs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you need to hear the intonation, you can listen to the dialog on the website itself (no registration needed if my memory's good).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3rd line &amp;amp; last line&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жена: Где ты был?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Муж: на работе ! Я был в офисе !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жена: &lt;strong&gt;Нет, я звонила!&lt;/strong&gt; Где ты был?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Муж: Я говорю, что я был на работе , в офисе .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жена: А потом?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Муж: Потом я был в ресторане , на встрече .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жена: А потом?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Муж: А потом я был в баре . Я и мой клиент…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жена: А потом?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Муж: А потом… я был в клубе … на дискотеке …&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жена: &lt;strong&gt;Я так и знала!&lt;/strong&gt; Ты всегда отдыхаешь!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would translate the beginning like this :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wife: Where were you ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Husband : At work ! I was at the office !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wife : &lt;strong&gt;No! I called you!&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;em&gt;(i.e. you're lying, I tried to call you and you didn't answer)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;....&#xA;last :&#xA;Wife : &lt;strong&gt;There, I knew it !&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(i.e. There you go, you're confessing,and I knew it in my mind!)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm a bit confused on the use and meaning of &amp;quot;И&amp;quot;  in the latter. Is this just an usual way to talk ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3875" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-10-23T03:41:25.870" Title="Expressions &quot;Нет, я звонила!&quot; and &quot;Я так и знала!&quot; in an answer" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7462" CreationDate="2014-10-18T06:45:55.140" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You were correct translating it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Нет, я звонила!” - &quot;No, I called [to the office]&quot;;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Я так и знала!” - &quot;I knew it&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;И&quot; in the last sentence must not be translated as &quot;and&quot; in that content.&#xA;Pronoun + &quot;так и&quot; + verb is a sentence structure which can confuse some.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я знала ...&quot; - &quot;I knew ...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я так и знала!&quot; - &quot;I knew it!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see from the examples it finishes a particular thought without repetition and stressing it more. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4426" LastActivityDate="2014-10-18T06:45:55.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7462" CreationDate="2014-10-18T14:54:11.920" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You translated it absolutely correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Так и&lt;/code&gt; has at least three meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Как Х, так и Y - X as well as Y&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(possible noun/pronoun) так и (verb), i. e. &lt;code&gt;я так и знала&lt;/code&gt; - there, I knew it, &lt;code&gt;я так и сказал&lt;/code&gt; - I told exactly this, &lt;code&gt;так и случилось&lt;/code&gt; - that indeed happened.  That is your case.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;так и быть&lt;/code&gt; - yandex dictionary translates it as a &quot;all right, very well; so be it, right you are&quot; but it means that you'll do what you asked to, but only as a favour.  So it should be translated as &quot;as a favour&quot; or &quot;I'll do you a favour&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;и&quot; has lots of meanings in Russians, some seemingly unrelated to &quot;and&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2014-10-18T15:09:30.620" LastActivityDate="2014-10-18T15:09:30.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7465" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7467" CreationDate="2014-10-18T19:08:24.943" Score="5" ViewCount="739" Body="&lt;p&gt;Описание &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gsXBtSlUfy8&amp;amp;list=UUq7JZ8ATgQWeu6sDM1czjhg&quot;&gt;ролика&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Безнаказанно быть козлом - мечта &lt;strong&gt;каждого первого&lt;/strong&gt;! Об игре, позволяющей воплотить эту мечту в жизнь, пусть и виртуально, сейчас и пойдет речь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4384" LastActivityDate="2014-11-17T20:30:16.953" Title="Что означает &quot;каждого первого&quot; в этом контексте?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7465" CreationDate="2014-10-18T19:21:02.310" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This expression has an ironic meaning here and it also puts an emphasis on the expression &quot;&lt;strong&gt;each&lt;/strong&gt; person, &lt;strong&gt;absolutely&lt;/strong&gt; everybody&quot;. This expression can only be used in this context because it doesn't really make sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The actual expression is &quot;каждый второй&quot;, &quot;каждый третий&quot;, &quot;каждый четвёртый&quot;, etc. which means &quot;one of two people&quot;, &quot;one of three people&quot;, &quot;one of four people&quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="267" LastActivityDate="2014-10-18T19:21:02.310" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7465" CreationDate="2014-10-18T19:21:14.723" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это эквивалентно просто &lt;code&gt;каждого&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Дело в том, что эта фраза образована из фраз &lt;code&gt;каждого второго&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;каждого третьего&lt;/code&gt; и т.д. по аналогии. Она является не совсем правильной, имеет юмористический окрас, но остается вполне понятной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-10-18T19:21:14.723" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7422" CreationDate="2014-10-19T15:31:10.803" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;An addendum to the answers already given:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) to spend time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Провести время&quot; would work in some contexts, e.g.: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;While in jail I've spent quite some time in isolation&quot; - &lt;em&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;провёл много времени&lt;/strong&gt; в изоляторе, пока сидел&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other contexts your best bet is an imperfect verb, often with &quot;по-&quot; prefix: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I need to spend some time with a good book on the subject&quot; - &lt;em&gt;Мне бы не мешало &lt;strong&gt;почитать&lt;/strong&gt; хорошую книгу по теме&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I would like to spend some time alone&quot; - &lt;em&gt;Я хотел бы &lt;strong&gt;побыть&lt;/strong&gt; в одиночестве&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6) to kill or pass time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;to do something to pass time&quot; can also become &quot;со скуки&quot; or &quot;от нечего делать&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Guards were playing poker to pass time&quot; - &lt;em&gt;Охранники &lt;strong&gt;от нечего делать&lt;/strong&gt; играли в покер&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7) to take one's time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;actually mistranslated in the other answer, this would be &quot;не спешить, не торопиться&quot; or even &quot;без спешки&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Jack took his time to make a perfect headshot from a perfect hiding place&quot; - &lt;em&gt;Джэк исполнил &lt;strong&gt;не спеша&lt;/strong&gt; идеальный выстрел в голову из идеального укрытия&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10) Have a hard or rough time with something&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Daria's &quot;испытывать трудности с чем-то&quot; correctly conveys the meaning, but could sound too formal. &quot;Не получаться&quot;, &quot;не выходить&quot;, &quot;не справляться&quot; work in wider range of contexts, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;I have hard time solving this puzzle&quot; - &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;у меня не получается&lt;/strong&gt; решить эту головоломку&lt;/em&gt;, but also: &lt;em&gt;эта головоломка &lt;strong&gt;мне не даётся&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other cases (the activity is difficult but successful) you'd need &quot;едва справляться&quot;, &quot;едва получаться&quot; etc:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;I have hard time hiding the pregnancy&quot; - &lt;em&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;едва удаётся&lt;/strong&gt; скрывать, что я беременна&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another useful idiom for this one is &quot;с (большим) трудом&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;I've had hard time solving this puzzle&quot; - &lt;em&gt;Эту головоломку я решил &lt;strong&gt;с большим трудом&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In yet other cases you'd just need to negate a reflexive verb:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;I have hard time sleeping at night&quot; - &lt;em&gt;По ночам мне не спится&lt;/em&gt; (but &lt;em&gt;Мне не удаётся заснуть&lt;/em&gt; works too). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11) it's about time (finally!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Давно пора!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="471" LastEditorUserId="471" LastEditDate="2014-10-20T07:09:12.243" LastActivityDate="2014-10-20T07:09:12.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7469" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7470" CreationDate="2014-10-20T02:12:40.267" Score="4" ViewCount="667" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would it be proper to say «играй(те) ещё раз»? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen many examples in Russian literature of «ещё раз» used to indicate again or another time, but my confusion lies with the conjugation of играть. It seems to make sense it be conjugated in the imperative, but I have seen similar instances where imperative would make sense but is not used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3911" LastActivityDate="2014-11-12T03:35:00.867" Title="Как сказать «play again»" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7469" CreationDate="2014-10-20T02:32:55.350" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the prevous game was unsuccessful, incomplete, for instance, a draw, or a player left, or interrupted, but it is necessary to determine a winner:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Играйте ещё раз! = &quot;Play again, until the result is achieved&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the prevuous game was successful and joyful,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сыграйте ещё раз! = &quot;Play one more time, repeat&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-10-20T02:32:55.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7469" CreationDate="2014-10-20T06:35:05.583" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In case you are talking about game development translation issue, and more exactly about the button &quot;Play again?&quot;, then there are several possibilities how to translate it: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сыграть ещё? - (To) Play again?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Новая игра.  - New game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Повторить попытку. - (To) Repeat the attempt.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сыграть заново.(?) - (To) Play again?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Попробуйте ещё раз. - Try again.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't met imperative like &quot;играйте ещё раз!&quot; though. Maybe I am not so well-rounded in Russian games. =) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see from the examples above, infinitive is used often when referring to this button. But, if it's not what you were asking about, then sorry!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastActivityDate="2014-10-20T06:35:05.583" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7473" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7474" CreationDate="2014-10-21T07:37:54.740" Score="5" ViewCount="433" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Moscow there is a part of the city called Хамовники. What does this word mean, and where does it come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4432" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T13:45:05.830" Title="Where does the word Хамовники come from?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7473" CreationDate="2014-10-21T09:13:48.013" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please look &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%8B)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Wikipedia (it's Russian part): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Слово «хамовники» — от слова «хам», которое с XIV века обозначало льняное полотно (например, просили продать «хаму три локти»).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;«Xамовники» comes from «хам» which was used from the 14th century onward in the meaning &quot;linen fabric&quot; (for example, when someone would buy «хаму три локти»—three ells of linen cloth)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4433" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-10-21T10:23:01.153" LastActivityDate="2014-10-21T10:23:01.153" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7475" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-22T18:52:53.077" Score="4" ViewCount="538" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему из всех американских штатов только Аляска требует предлог &quot;на&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-12-18T10:25:07.947" Title="В Аризоне. В Мичигане. На Аляске" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7475" CreationDate="2014-10-22T19:04:58.153" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Скорее всего, потому что Аляска воспринимается не только как штат (административное деление), но и как географическая область, Розенталь говорит о &quot;горных областях&quot;: на Урале, на Балканах. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4208" LastActivityDate="2014-10-22T19:04:58.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7462" CreationDate="2014-10-23T03:41:25.870" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would be very difficult to pronounce the phrase &quot;я так и знала&quot; without &quot;и&quot; - so this vowel exists here to make this phrase more smooth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2106" LastActivityDate="2014-10-23T03:41:25.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7475" CreationDate="2014-10-23T10:16:59.750" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Daria mentioned above, it's «на Аляске» because, at first, Alaska is perceived as an area not as a state. To be more specific and refer to a state, use «в штате Аляска»).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3712" LastActivityDate="2014-10-23T10:16:59.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7479" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7484" CreationDate="2014-10-23T11:40:20.630" Score="5" ViewCount="1305" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard two different ways of pronouncing the very common word-ending &lt;em&gt;ый&lt;/em&gt; (as in, e.g., &lt;em&gt;чёрный&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;кра́сный&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first variant has a barely audible [j] sound after [ɨ].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The second variant has a clearly audible &quot;sh&quot; sound after [ɨ], quite similar to German &quot;ch&quot; [ç] (but certainly different to the English &quot;sh&quot; and also different to a ж, ш or щ sound).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question came up because I frequently hear the [ç] ending in a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.memrise.com/course/78454/learn-basic-russian/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Basic Russian course&quot; on Memrise&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AFIqJ5_D9zA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;video picked on Youtube&lt;/a&gt; where you can hear both pronunciation. She pronounces, for example, &lt;em&gt;кра́сный&lt;/em&gt; with that [ç] ending. Most of the colors, however, are neatly pronounced, i.e. with that subtle [j] ending only.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And here's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=38z9Gv70Juo&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;another video&lt;/a&gt; with a mixture of both pronunciations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume that the first variant is the 'standard' pronunciation (if that exists?!) and the second one is kind of sloppy pronunciation; but probably the most common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is that true?  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Which pronunciation should a language learner pick up?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And would that also be applied to the ending &lt;em&gt;ий&lt;/em&gt; (e.g. англи́йский)?&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question is not about the standard pronunciation and difference between &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ий&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ый&lt;/em&gt;. I am aware of the other question linked in comments and there are a lot of questions about this on the Internet. However, none of these questions does address what I'm asking here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; I haven't heard the second variant for &lt;em&gt;ий&lt;/em&gt; (yet), but I guess the assumption is not too far-fetched.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="109" LastEditorUserId="109" LastEditDate="2014-10-23T12:39:40.867" LastActivityDate="2014-11-28T03:47:43.817" Title="Variation in pronunciation of &quot;й&quot; in word-ending &quot;ый&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="14" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7479" CreationDate="2014-10-23T11:48:59.707" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both suffixes are always pronounced as they are written, that is &lt;code&gt;-ый&lt;/code&gt; as [ɨj] and &lt;code&gt;-ий&lt;/code&gt; as [ij]. No kind of sh/ch is there. In some dialects the final [j] can be barely heard or disappear altogether, but that's rare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only explanation for your issue I can think of is that [ç] (the German 'ch' in 'ich') is the voiceless counterpart of the voiced [j]. You know, when speaking in whisper, all the consonants are pronounced voiceless, so one cannot pronounce [j] in whisper, one will inevitably say [ç]. The same happens in those adjectives ending in &lt;code&gt;-ый&lt;/code&gt; [ɨj], at the end of a word [j] gets partially devoiced and acquires some [ç] coloring. But that happens because in your first video the girl is speaking &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; slowly, in normal speech that does not happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2014-10-23T12:30:09.820" LastActivityDate="2014-10-23T12:30:09.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7479" CreationDate="2014-10-23T12:15:51.470" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you can see on the first video you posted, there is no transcriptions ending with anything similar to the &lt;code&gt;sh&lt;/code&gt;. As a native speaker I do know - there is no &lt;code&gt;sh&lt;/code&gt; endings for adjectives in Russian.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Unfortunately, you just misheard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-10-23T12:15:51.470" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7479" CreationDate="2014-10-23T13:01:18.867" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are pronounced exactly the same way, both with the [j] sound on the end. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-10-23T13:01:18.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7479" CreationDate="2014-10-23T15:59:44.320" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sound [ç] is actually not sh, but a voiceless pair to [j]. Consonants tend to become voiceless in the end of Russian words. However, for [j] it is not correct, although it can sometimes happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2014-10-23T15:59:44.320" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7484" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7479" CreationDate="2014-10-23T17:51:44.430" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Em1, I've looked at the Youtube video and if I understand your question correctly – yes, she pronounces the name of the colors twice and each time the ending sounds differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's an effect of emphasizing and not emphasizing accent &quot;крАААсный&quot; и &quot;красный&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am a native speaker and I don't really notice &quot;sh&quot; there or much difference, but I think it's totally normal for you to hear it, as for a foreign ear these two endings are different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no right, wrong or standard way to pronounce it, not any rule; one is just pronounced with aspiration and it depends on articulation of this concrete person and way she talks. If you listen carefully to the words, you will notice that in general she produces a lot of &quot;hiss&quot;, a kind of defect of articulation and pronunciation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My only advice – try to listen the course where a lector has perfect diction (sorry I don't know right word in English for training to articulate words) and pronounce it as best as you can (anyway it will not sound immediately the same as native speakers do).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4208" LastEditorUserId="109" LastEditDate="2014-10-23T21:26:41.127" LastActivityDate="2014-10-23T21:26:41.127" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7475" CreationDate="2014-10-23T20:01:22.627" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не требует, но напрашивается. Аляска, как и Гаваи не в составе континентальных штатов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2014-10-23T20:01:22.627" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7479" CreationDate="2014-10-23T20:46:48.707" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If i understand you properly, the sound you interpreted as a [ç] is just an air relieved after we stop pronouncing final [j].&#xA;Just a side effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4406" LastActivityDate="2014-10-23T20:46:48.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7475" CreationDate="2014-10-24T05:09:42.983" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is one of the more peculiar paradoxes of the Russian language, and something a lot of Russians question and laugh at as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В Бруклине, В Квинсе, В Бронксе - На Манхеттене, На Стэйтэн-Айланде&#xA;В России - На Украине&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4077" LastActivityDate="2014-10-24T05:09:42.983" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7488" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7489" CreationDate="2014-10-24T10:59:48.810" Score="1" ViewCount="313" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a website for Stirlitz jokes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4432" LastActivityDate="2014-10-24T11:47:26.997" Title="Website for Stirlitz Jokes?" Tags="&lt;resources&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2014-10-28T10:07:21.323" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7488" CreationDate="2014-10-24T11:47:26.997" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want some pun jokes, try for example &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wwk.kiev.ua/182.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hum.uu.nl/medewerkers/o.m.matushansky/stirlitz.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2139" LastActivityDate="2014-10-24T11:47:26.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7490" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-10-24T13:56:50.423" Score="2" ViewCount="3957" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could anyone please tell me, where I can find and download a font type of Russian italics? I haven't find any on the net so far, but I have to admit to only have looked on English and German language pages. However, since there are so many people in this world whose native language is written in cyrillic letters, I really have a hard time believing that there doesn't exist at least one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not looking for anything fancy (like a special historical handwriting type of e.g. the 17th or 18th century), just normal standard type would do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4447" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2016-11-15T20:56:52.530" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T01:39:16.173" Title="Russian/Cyrillic italic font" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;обучение&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;&lt;typography&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-03-28T22:06:44.673" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7490" CreationDate="2014-10-24T22:03:48.647" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Windows Italic is usually an attribute of a font like &quot;Bold&quot; and &quot;Underlined&quot;. So you do not have to install any new fonts, all Russian fonts already include an Italic variety. The same is in Linux, AFAIK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-10-25T03:49:07.063" LastActivityDate="2014-10-25T03:49:07.063" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-03-28T22:06:44.673" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7492" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7494" CreationDate="2014-10-24T23:00:32.037" Score="5" ViewCount="1294" Body="&lt;p&gt;A friend on Skype sent me the following message and I don't understand one word of it, nor can I find any of the words in my dictionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я поназакачивал в инете&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-10-24T23:21:32.463" Title="Meaning of поназакачивать" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7492" CreationDate="2014-10-24T23:05:45.560" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Закачать&lt;/code&gt; is equal to &lt;code&gt;Скачать&lt;/code&gt; what means &lt;code&gt;download&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Поназакачивал&lt;/code&gt; is an equivalent of &lt;code&gt;Много чего скачал&lt;/code&gt; what means &lt;code&gt;downloaded plenty of ...&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In some cases it can has a meaning &lt;code&gt;downloaded too many things&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Analogs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Заказал - Ordered smth&#xA;Поназаказывал - Ordered plenty of smth&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-10-24T23:05:45.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7492" CreationDate="2014-10-24T23:10:06.267" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Think of it as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;закачивать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; → &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;назакачивать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;→ &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;поназакачивать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = &lt;em&gt;закачать очень много всего&lt;/em&gt; (to download/upload lots of stuff). Kind of a made-up word (just for fun) but still undestandable since it uses a familiar base (закачать) and then a moderately popular prefixed extension — not the most popular, but not unheard of(&lt;em&gt;понаписал&lt;/em&gt; = написал много всего, &lt;em&gt;понаделал&lt;/em&gt; = наделал много всякого, понаготовил = приготовил много всякой всячины)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«качать»&lt;/strong&gt; is the verb with one of the meanings related to pumping liquid (typically water) through a pipe. Probably that's why with the spread of the internet the verbs &lt;strong&gt;скачать, закачать, выкачать&lt;/strong&gt; appeared to express the different shades of &quot;download&quot;, &quot;upload&quot; and so on (along with &quot;загрузить&quot; which means to &quot;load something somewhere&quot; in general, be it in memory or from your HDD).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The formation has a slightly playful/negative connotation as if you were implying that you performed an action extensively, way overdoing it, did it in lotsa different ways and without really thinking there is any point in doing so (may imply there is a lot of &quot;results&quot; of your activity left from such spike of productivity). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;that is not to say that &quot;качать&quot; derivatives never existed before, but certainly could not have been used to express data transfer&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-10-24T23:21:32.463" LastActivityDate="2014-10-24T23:21:32.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7495" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7502" CreationDate="2014-10-25T12:38:30.823" Score="1" ViewCount="445" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть американские издания, такие как &lt;em&gt;The New Yorker&lt;/em&gt;, которые используют &quot;высокие&quot; академические и литературные слова, которые понимают только образованные или начитанные люди. Какой русскоязычный журнал или газета публикует статьи в подобном стиле? (В таком издании можно было бы встретить такие слова как &quot;эскапизм&quot;, &quot;визави&quot; и т.д.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2306" LastEditorUserId="2306" LastEditDate="2014-10-25T12:59:39.077" LastActivityDate="2014-10-28T16:02:42.790" Title="Русское издание, использующее &quot;высокий&quot; язык" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7475" CreationDate="2014-10-26T06:08:22.317" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как уже пояснили, есть определённые правила, основанные на географическом &quot;происхождении&quot; тех или иных регионов. На острове - значит &quot;на Гавайях&quot;, на территории - значит, &quot;на Урале&quot;, &quot;на Камчатке&quot;, &quot;на Аляске&quot;. Однако - &quot;в Сибири&quot;. Потому что есть правила, а есть традиции произношения, так же как в английском, например, неправильные формы глаголов. &quot;На Украине&quot; тоже говорят потому, что это изначально была территория, включающая в себя множество совершенно различных областей, а не одно цельное этнически и исторически образование. Исторически прижилось &quot;на&quot;, а то, что теперь это страна, никого не заставит менять привычное произношение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ещё про исторически прижившееся.&#xA;Например, город Paris - это Париж, а не &quot;Пари&quot;, &quot;Парис&quot; или &quot;Пэрис&quot;. А вот Paris Hilton - это уже Пэрис.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Одного принципа, по которому можно всё понять, нет, нужно просто много практики. Трудно быть иностранным шпионом в России, в общем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4454" LastActivityDate="2014-10-26T06:08:22.317" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7490" CreationDate="2014-10-26T08:29:18.693" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can find Cyrillic script fonts on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/fonts#&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;google fonts&lt;/a&gt;, just choose it from menu on the left and manipulate with &quot;slant&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4208" LastActivityDate="2014-10-26T08:29:18.693" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-03-28T22:06:44.673" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7490" CreationDate="2014-10-26T13:49:56.533" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pretty much any more or less professional fontface for typing &lt;strong&gt;texts&lt;/strong&gt; (not just fancy headers) supplies &lt;strong&gt;жирный&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;курсив&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;жирный курсив&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. So choose just any respectable serif font such as Cambria, Times New Roman or the like (Gothic fontfaces usually have only oblique option since it is against their nature to have a italic design)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you mean handwriting, try &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fonts-online.ru/font/Katherine&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fonts-online.ru/font/Denistina&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this one, too&lt;/a&gt;. On Windows, starting with Vista, you can also use Segoe Script since it has a pretty decent handwriting font. Not &lt;em&gt;exactly&lt;/em&gt; like the handwriting taught in school but a good stylization, and looks similar to what you can really see people write. The school-taught version looks &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.paratype.ru/pstore/fsample.asp?scode=PT_PRO65&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;like that&lt;/a&gt; but few people actually follow it exactly after elementary school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-10-26T17:11:40.880" LastActivityDate="2014-10-26T17:11:40.880" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-03-28T22:06:44.673" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7501" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7503" CreationDate="2014-10-27T05:59:46.810" Score="4" ViewCount="833" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NNshr.png&quot; alt=&quot;Screenshot&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have an Android App which converts numbers from one number system to another. I want to translate it into Russian. All I need is translation of two words-&#xA;&quot;From&quot;&#xA;&quot;To&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used Google Translation services and got some results but when I translated them back to English, they did not give &quot;From&quot; and &quot;To&quot; as results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4458" LastEditorUserId="4458" LastEditDate="2014-10-27T08:41:45.450" LastActivityDate="2014-11-06T20:16:45.503" Title="Translation - &quot;From&quot; and &quot;To&quot; to Russian for a converter app" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7502" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7495" CreationDate="2014-10-27T06:18:07.083" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;В России издается много литературных, научных и публицистических журналов, которые по своей цели похожи на The New Yorker, но ни один из них не популярен сейчас так, как NY. Многие из них были созданы в 19 или начале 20 века. Например, есть журнал Новый Мир, который мои родители выписывали и читали в 80-х и начала 90-х, есть Вестник Европы. Есть много специализированных журналов, которые используют академический язык или публикуют литературные произведения, я, например, раньше читала Полис и Вопросы философии. Эти журналы, правда, редко можно найти в обычных газетных киосках. Есть аналитические, популярные издания, вроде Итоги, Ъ-Власть, или Эксперт, но сложно сказать, что они используют &quot;высокий&quot; язык.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4208" LastActivityDate="2014-10-27T06:18:07.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7501" CreationDate="2014-10-27T08:06:17.627" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(assuming you need something like HEX→Dec)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;em&gt;Genitive&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;em&gt;Accusative&lt;/em&gt;. For example, &lt;em&gt;&quot;из шестнадцатеричной в двоичную&quot; = &quot;from hexadecimal to binary&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that if you do not use a radio button list or a list of abbreviations, that requires oblique forms of words for &quot;base 2&quot;, &quot;base 8&quot;, &quot;base10&quot;, &quot;base 16&quot;. Though, they all will end in &quot;-ой&quot; for Genitive and &quot;-ую&quot; for Accusative (instead of &quot;ая&quot; in dictionary form). Again, this only applies if you use whole words and try to sound all natural, like writing it all in a single line or a sentence like &quot;I want to convert 511 from &lt;em&gt;decimal&lt;/em&gt; to &lt;em&gt;binary&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. A simple interface like &quot;511, from:Dec, to:HEX&quot; may use just abbreviations or dictionary forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are planning to use Russian words for number systems (and do it grammatically) here's the way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;look up the required word in the dictionary. Since &quot;number system&quot; is feminine in Russian, you would actually use &quot;-ая&quot; ending, not &quot;-ый/-ий&quot; (bin = двоичная, oct = восьмеричная, dec = десятичная, hex = шестнадцатеричная)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;replace &lt;strong&gt;-ая&lt;/strong&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;-ой&lt;/strong&gt; for the words in the first list&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;replace &lt;strong&gt;-ая&lt;/strong&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;-ую&lt;/strong&gt; for the words in the second list&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;DONE!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;makes sense to keep the two lists separate for all languages. Russian is not the only one where the forms are going to be different&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in Japanese people use postpositions, not prepositions, so you probably will need analogues like &quot;source&quot; and &quot;result&quot; rather than から and に &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-10-27T11:37:09.053" LastActivityDate="2014-10-27T11:37:09.053" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7501" CreationDate="2014-10-27T08:22:47.383" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To the Shady_arc's answer I'll add that in case of mail and similar,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From X to Y -&gt; От Х (in Genitive) Y (in Dative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i. e. From Vasya To Petya -&gt; От Васи Пете&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case you cannot do cases (i.e. X and Y are nicks), I'd suggest:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;От: X&#xA;Кому: Y &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-10-27T08:22:47.383" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7506" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7509" CreationDate="2014-10-28T12:49:57.320" Score="3" ViewCount="453" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я отдал маленький подарок для знакомой девушки её брату.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он мне потом СМС-сообщил: &quot;Эта колотня сразу всё спорола&quot;.&#xA;Что это может значить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastActivityDate="2014-10-28T14:00:23.790" Title="&quot;Колотня спорола&quot;. Прошу объяснить, что произошло" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7506" CreationDate="2014-10-28T13:38:35.187" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ваш знакомый из Украины?&#xA;В Украине &quot;колотня&quot; - разговорное название ссоры, драки. &quot;Спорола&quot; - наверняка синоним запорола, т.е. &lt;em&gt;испортила&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В общем и целом скорее всего зависит от контекста: того что это был за подарок, обстоятельств в которых его передавали  и т.п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1159" LastActivityDate="2014-10-28T13:38:35.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7508" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7506" CreationDate="2014-10-28T13:54:37.343" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если подарок съедобный, то &lt;code&gt;спорола&lt;/code&gt; вполне может означать &lt;code&gt;съела&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Насчет &lt;code&gt;колотня&lt;/code&gt;. Полагаю, речь тут идет о значении этого слова &quot;убой на мясо&quot;. В данном контексте - персона, отъедающаяся на убой.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Таким образом, исходная фраза означает примерно:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Это ненасытная сразу съела ваш подарок.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-10-28T13:54:37.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7506" CreationDate="2014-10-28T13:55:09.653" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подарок был вкусный.&#xA;Мой знакомый из Москвы. Сейчас он пояснил:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;колотня = колотушка = бестолковая&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;спорола = съела&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это нормально?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastEditorUserId="4270" LastEditDate="2014-10-28T14:00:23.790" LastActivityDate="2014-10-28T14:00:23.790" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7495" CreationDate="2014-10-28T15:48:05.773" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как справедливо пишет @dariamikhaylova, в России сложилась (и все еще жива) культура и традиция &quot;толстых&quot; журналов. Особенно &quot;высокого&quot; языка вы там не найдете, но это точно НЕ бульварная пресса. В основном это литература и поэзия, но есть и публицистика. Много из них (в том числе &lt;em&gt;Новый Мир&lt;/em&gt;) выложено в интернете - please see &lt;a href=&quot;http://magazines.russ.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Такой формат, как в журнале &lt;em&gt;The New Yorker&lt;/em&gt; (публицистические статьи + рассказ + текущая реклама и информация) можно найти в журнале &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.snob.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сноб&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (его фокус - русскоязычная диаспора). Кстати говоря, онлайн-версия этого журнал не позволяет комментировать, если у вас нет (достаточно дорогой) подписки - поэтому многие комментарии действительно добавляют к теме статьи и развивают ее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2106" LastEditorUserId="2106" LastEditDate="2014-10-28T16:02:42.790" LastActivityDate="2014-10-28T16:02:42.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7511" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7512" CreationDate="2014-10-28T19:01:44.223" Score="4" ViewCount="570" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &quot;ну&quot; and &quot;значит&quot; in usage? Can they be used interchangeably? I believe they both mean something similar to &quot;so&quot; or &quot;well&quot; in English &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4464" LastActivityDate="2014-12-26T09:34:13.887" Title="Difference between &quot;ну&quot; and &quot;значит&quot;" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7511" CreationDate="2014-10-28T20:56:13.650" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following explanation, translations are not at all word by word translations, and each translation relies on the context of the discussion used in the answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Значит&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; translates to &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;means&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;It is used however in some cases as a start of a told explanation, like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Значит так: я пойду за детьми а ты жди мастера&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which would translate roughly to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ok, so I will pick up the kids and you wait for the repair man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, similarly, the same word can be used to ask for a confirmation on the explanation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Значит я пойду за детьми?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I will pick up the kids?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, the usage of the word &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;значит&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; does in some cases coincide with the english &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;so&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;. But when you try to replace &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;well&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; in the same sentences, it won't work. &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;so&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; gives a command tone to the sentence, while &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;well&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; is kind of unsure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;well, maybe you will go to pick up the kids and I'll wait home?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;this does translate to something like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ну может ты пойдёшь за детьми и я подожду дома?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you substitute the word, you'd have to change the tone of the sentence as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another case of &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;ну&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; is for answering the same kind of question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ну ладно, поеду&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;well OK, I'll do it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or answering a stupid question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ну используй мозги, придёшь к ответу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;well, use your brains, and you'll come to the answer&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, in both languages, the given examples would not support word substitution without slightly changing the meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4465" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-10-28T23:24:37.487" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6933" CreationDate="2014-10-29T17:17:01.733" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;что-то&quot; and &quot;что-нибудь&quot; have the same meaning.&#xA;I'm Russian man and we speak these words like &quot;something&quot; and &quot;somebody&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4468" LastActivityDate="2014-10-29T17:17:01.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7252" CreationDate="2014-10-29T23:33:38.487" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;аграрий, викарий, гуманитарий, пролетарий&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;валькирия, гарпия, гурия, мумия, фурия&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;бездарь, бестолочь, выхухоль, дрянь, мразь, свекровь&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1008" LastActivityDate="2014-10-29T23:33:38.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7515" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7517" CreationDate="2014-10-30T16:38:26.283" Score="3" ViewCount="1563" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я это слово видел на разных форумах. Ну, в словаре сленга, не могу его найти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4384" LastEditorUserId="4384" LastEditDate="2014-10-30T16:46:44.223" LastActivityDate="2014-12-05T07:22:15.093" Title="Какие значения имеет слово “фигачь”?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7515" CreationDate="2014-10-30T16:44:58.380" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Словом &quot;фигачь&quot; выделяют интенсивность действия . Само действие определяется из контекста . &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например: Вася смотри, вот они идут , фигачь их пулеметом. (Стреляй в них )&#xA;Да фигачь ее топором, все равно придется ломать. (Бей/руби топором)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4442" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T16:44:58.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7515" CreationDate="2014-10-30T16:45:43.837" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Фигачь&lt;/code&gt; - это 2 лицо единственного числа повелительного наклонения от глагола &lt;code&gt;фигачить&lt;/code&gt;, этот глагол &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;есть даже в Викисловаре&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;прост.&lt;/em&gt; делать что-либо с усилием, старанием ◆ Вот ты это увидел, и вдруг у тебя сложилось и начинает в голове обрастать какими-то совершенно невероятными деталями, и ты садишься и начинаешь фигачить. (&lt;em&gt;Михаил Калужский, Сергей Минаев, «Сергей Минаев: я — неудавшийся лузер» // «Русский репортер», 2008 г.&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;прост.&lt;/em&gt; бить, колотить ◆ Потом берёшь кирпич вон там, в загашнике, фигачишь его гантелей в порошок. &lt;em&gt;Николай Рубан, «Тельняшка для киборга» // «Боевое искусство планеты», 2003 г.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T16:45:43.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7515" CreationDate="2014-10-30T16:46:37.957" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would usually use it as a word to signify an action of making (completing) or filling something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я &lt;em&gt;нафигачил&lt;/em&gt; 10 листов теста&quot; - &quot;I &lt;em&gt;have done/completed&lt;/em&gt; 10 page of a test&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4471" LastActivityDate="2014-10-30T16:46:37.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="348" CreationDate="2014-10-31T05:31:50.053" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The grammatically correct form is only &lt;code&gt;n-й&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;Acoording to entrenched tradition accretion suffix must be one-letter if the last letter of numeral follows by vowel: &lt;code&gt;5-й день (пятый день)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;25-я годовщина (двадцать пятая годовщина)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в 14-м ряду (в четырнадцатом ряду)&lt;/code&gt;. It must be two-letter if the last letter of numeral follows by consonant: &lt;code&gt;5-го дня (пятого дня)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;к 25-му студенту (к двадцать пятому студенту)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;из 14-го ряда (из четырнадцатого ряда)&lt;/code&gt;. Spelling &lt;code&gt;n-ый&lt;/code&gt; is incorrect, but widely used. Sad but true; it is common mistake. Accretion suffixes for variables also comply these rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4472" LastActivityDate="2014-10-31T05:31:50.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7515" CreationDate="2014-11-01T13:45:47.117" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Фигачить&lt;/strong&gt; - упорно работать над чем-либо:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Фигачил с утра до позднего вечера. Всю ночь над лабой фигачил.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(На)Фигачить&lt;/strong&gt; - что либо готовить:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Слыш, Маш, нафигачь каши!&lt;/em&gt; (очень неформально)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(За)фигачить&lt;/strong&gt; - забросить что-либо очень далеко:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ну ты даешь, Олег! Так далеко зафигачил наш мяч - аж на соседнюю улицу.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(От)фигачить&lt;/strong&gt; - избить кого-то:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Остальных предупреждаю - все будут схвачены и отфигачены&quot;, - сказал Абельцев на пленарном заседании Госдумы.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4478" LastActivityDate="2014-11-01T13:45:47.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7515" CreationDate="2014-11-02T12:33:28.487" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы сказал, что основное значение - &quot;бросать&quot;, &quot;бросать с высокой частотой&quot;, &quot;бить с высокой частотой&quot;, &quot;что-то делать, совершая поступательные движения с высокой частотой&quot;. Все остальные употребления мне кажутся не натуральными или производными. Например, &quot;нафигачить много страниц текста&quot; = &quot;набросать много страниц текста&quot;, писать так быстро, что страницы падают в стопку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-11-02T12:33:28.487" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7522" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7534" CreationDate="2014-11-02T18:18:02.367" Score="2" ViewCount="549" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слышал эту фразу в контексте произведения человеком ненужной суеты или глупых действий, вызванных нервозностью момента.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть еще связанное определение для человека, который &quot;колпачит&quot; - говорят, у него &quot;колпак до небес&quot; или (более сильная форма) &quot;вакуумный колпак&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4448" LastActivityDate="2014-11-05T11:34:19.397" Title="Что значит и какова этимология слова &quot;колпачить&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7524" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7526" CreationDate="2014-11-03T02:46:24.787" Score="4" ViewCount="446" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В романе имеет место отсутствие ясно выраженной сюжетной линии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли в этом предложении лексическая ошибка? Возможно некорректно говорить что &lt;em&gt;отсутствие имеет место&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2306" LastActivityDate="2014-11-03T10:19:56.010" Title="'отсутствие имеет место' -- лексическая ошибка?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7525" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7528" CreationDate="2014-11-03T04:05:25.657" Score="6" ViewCount="12802" Body="&lt;p&gt;Рас..елина в леднике. - что надо использовать? Есть ли смысловая разница?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-11-03T12:42:49.573" Title="Расселина и расщелина - в чем разница?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7524" CreationDate="2014-11-03T06:38:35.303" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ошибки нет, «имеет место» — просто формальный оборот. В менее формальной речи всё это можно заменить на «нет ясно выраженной сюжетной линии», но структура формальной речи более жёсткая. Это позволяет быстрее классифицировать, например, здесь роман подпадает под «отсутствие ясно выраженной сюжетной линии». Такую формальную речь часто можно услышать от юристов, после «имеет место» у них часто следует конкретная выдержка из закона.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1902" LastActivityDate="2014-11-03T06:38:35.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7524" CreationDate="2014-11-03T10:19:56.010" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Корректно, но слишком многословно. Мне кажется, сейчас это будет воспринято как тонкая пародия на чрезмерно формальный язык юристов и, в особенности, чиновников и государственных служащих. Также людей, которые пишут длинные и скучные статьи сложным языком. Явной пародией будет &quot;отсутствие присутствия&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обычно в научном и публицистическом стиле речь формальная, но НЕ совпадает полностью с языком официальных документов. По своему опыту скажу, что она, как правило, более живая и носит отпечаток личности автора и его манеры речи. При этом формулировки стремятся к точности, а построение предложений — к прямому следованию за логикой автора (для чего и используются зачастую инверсия и пассивы). Поэтому &quot;имеет место отсутствие&quot;, наверное, не совсем из этого стиля.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-11-03T10:19:56.010" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7525" CreationDate="2014-11-03T12:37:36.607" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Что касается расселин/расщелин в горах, то большинство словарей говорят что это - слова-синонимы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В то же время есть несколько словарных статей которые выделяют специальные значения слова &quot;расщелина&quot; именно в контексте льда и ледников:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ntes/3985/%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A9%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%90&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Научно-технический энциклопедический словарь&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;РАСЩЕЛИНА&lt;/strong&gt;, в геологии - глубокая трещина в ЛЕДНИКЕ. Такие расщелины возникают в результате внутренних напряжений в толще ледника либо при движении льда по неровному участку почвы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/sea/7691/%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A9%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%90&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Морской словарь&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Расщелина&lt;/strong&gt; (Leads) — канал или проход среди льдов разного вида.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Интересно что Геологическая энциклопедия дает только определение слова &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_geolog/15519/%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%90&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;расселина&lt;/a&gt; со ссылкой на слово &quot;трещина&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;РАССЕЛИНА&lt;/strong&gt; — открытая &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_geolog/18551&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;трещина&lt;/a&gt; в скальных п., иногда расширенная денудацией или промытая водой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зато видов трещин эта энциклопедия приводит большое количество. Складывается впечатление что в этой энциклопедии именно &lt;strong&gt;трещина&lt;/strong&gt; является базовым термином.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-11-03T12:42:49.573" LastActivityDate="2014-11-03T12:42:49.573" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7529" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7531" CreationDate="2014-11-03T17:42:16.130" Score="1" ViewCount="305" Body="&lt;p&gt;Small question in music domain: if, for example, you have been hearing a wonderfull concert from a russian master player, can you tell him &quot;молодец&quot; or is it too familiar? Or, in this context, is it okay? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;EDIT: INFO:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; I finally asked a russian friend. She said it was informal, and used for someone well-known, or if not for someone hierarchically inferior... So &quot;молодец&quot; is obviously not a neutral expression! Thanks a lot to all for your help!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4482" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-02-08T17:15:26.393" LastActivityDate="2015-02-08T17:15:26.393" Title="Specific use of the world &quot;молодец&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;приветствия&gt;&lt;connotation&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2014-11-04T14:07:31.293" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7529" CreationDate="2014-11-03T17:53:27.503" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Молодец&quot; will be okay almost in every situation, and here too. It is one of the most universal words. For musicians you can also use &quot;виртуоз&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2014-11-03T17:53:27.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7529" CreationDate="2014-11-03T19:37:20.877" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say it is not the best choice. &quot;Молодец&quot; has a slightly patronizing tone: it is OK to use it to your children and friends, maybe colleagues and subordinates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if an adult person is not your friend/colleague and/or especially if you are in no position to judge their work (if you hear a concert from a virtuoso, chance is the guy is a much better critic of their own work)... then &quot;Вы молодец&quot; may express your affection but even with polite &quot;Вы&quot; it will still sound slightly out of place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2014-11-03T19:37:20.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7532" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7533" CreationDate="2014-11-03T21:26:58.197" Score="6" ViewCount="1420" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today I got a whisky bottle from my colleagues at work. Someone wrote something in Russian on it but unfortunately I do not speak Russian. Can anyone tell me what is written on the bottle? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A friend said that it begins with &quot;Thank you from&quot; but he could not read more. Google Translate is also helpless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an image of the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3wZUh.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4484" LastEditorUserId="4484" LastEditDate="2014-11-04T15:27:33.197" LastActivityDate="2014-11-14T13:31:14.023" Title="What's written on my whisky bottle?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7532" CreationDate="2014-11-03T21:43:24.777" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian text:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Спасибо от команды тестирования&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Thank you from the testing team&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-11-03T21:43:24.777" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7522" CreationDate="2014-11-05T11:34:19.397" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Действительно, как земетил @Artemix, значения слова &lt;code&gt;колпачить&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;обманывать, дурачить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PUA6Y.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6RFjX.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Источник&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastActivityDate="2014-11-05T11:34:19.397" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7535" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7546" CreationDate="2014-11-05T11:56:39.757" Score="6" ViewCount="799" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a Russian book about Uzbek cooking I read the following phrase in a recipe for lagman:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... молотый красный жгучий перец ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the help of the Oxford Russian Dictionary I translated this as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ground red hot pepper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this then the same as what in Indian cooking, say, is called &quot;red chili&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4432" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T11:29:39.287" Title="Which kind of pepper?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7535" CreationDate="2014-11-05T13:22:03.447" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes in most cases. In this case &quot;красный жгучий перец&quot; can be used as a description of the pepper properties and doesn't necessarily name the pepper by name (eg. habanero, jalapeno, Mexican red chili ) since there are many kinds of red hot peppers in existence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if you saw an Indian dish recipe and it's calling for 'red chili' specifically, then you'd need to know that the Indian red chili is different than the Mexican red chili, and thus the context will tell you it's different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3848" LastActivityDate="2014-11-05T13:22:03.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7537" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7538" CreationDate="2014-11-05T23:04:14.740" Score="19" ViewCount="1581" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen phrases like &lt;em&gt;Как его зовут?&lt;/em&gt; in several places, but when I look up зовут, it appears to be the third person plural. Why is it being used for the singular, here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T18:34:14.737" Title="Why do I keep seeing зову́т for third person singular?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7537" CreationDate="2014-11-05T23:13:49.380" Score="29" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Зовут&lt;/code&gt; is really the third person plural, &quot;[they] call&quot;, it is an impersonal verb and has no explicit subject in the sentences about names, so &lt;code&gt;Как его зовут?&lt;/code&gt; can be translated word for word as &quot;How him [they] call?&quot; that is &quot;How do they call him?&quot; And the answer is &quot;Его зовут Алексей.&quot; - &quot;Him [they] call Alexey.&quot; - &quot;They call him Alexey.&quot; &#xA;That is how these phrases about names are built in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2014-11-06T00:51:44.053" LastActivityDate="2014-11-06T00:51:44.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7537" CreationDate="2014-11-05T23:14:05.740" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is because &lt;code&gt;зовут&lt;/code&gt; does not belong to &lt;code&gt;его&lt;/code&gt;. In all these sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как его зовут?&#xA;Как её зовут?&#xA;Как их зовут?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the verb &lt;code&gt;зовут&lt;/code&gt; belongs to a missing third-party noun &lt;code&gt;people&lt;/code&gt;, like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как люди его зовут?&#xA;Как они её зовут?&#xA;Как люди их зовут?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare e.g. this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как мы его зовём?&#xA;Как я её зову?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2273" LastActivityDate="2014-11-05T23:14:05.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7537" CreationDate="2014-11-06T10:37:51.887" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Его зовут X&amp;quot; is similar to &amp;quot;They call him X&amp;quot;. That's why it is always 3rd person plural for everyone. And that's why it you use Accusative case for the one whose name you tell.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian this structure is one of the very popular ways to make a pseudo-passive. If an action is performed by assumed &amp;quot;unstated persons&amp;quot; — then you can express &amp;quot;it is done&amp;quot; by saying that &amp;quot;(&lt;em&gt;they&lt;/em&gt;) do it&amp;quot; while omitting &amp;quot;they&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;На углу строят здание&lt;/em&gt; = A building is being built on the corner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Так не говорят.&lt;/em&gt; ~ People don't talk like that (= &amp;quot;sounds unnatural/bad&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я думаю, нам помогут&lt;/em&gt; = I think we'll receive help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Needless to say that &amp;quot;Меня зовут Джон&amp;quot; is a construction that crystallized this way and a native hardly even notices &amp;quot;passive&amp;quot; here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-11-07T13:31:02.713" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7542" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-08T20:38:09.797" Score="7" ViewCount="2346" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there another way without using the word &quot;гомосексуальный&quot;? Ideally, I would like to say the following...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Are you also interested in men?&quot; &amp;lt;-- Implying that I'm a man and am curious about this guy's sexual orientation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4517" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2014-11-08T21:08:27.897" LastActivityDate="2014-11-19T19:28:59.873" Title="How do you ask a guy if he is gay without being offensive?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;этикет&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7542" CreationDate="2014-11-08T21:02:20.053" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, the most simple and respectful question is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вы гей?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make a question more implicit, you could ask using the literal translation of your latter question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вы тоже интересуетесь мужчинами?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-11-08T21:02:20.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7542" CreationDate="2014-11-08T21:14:52.083" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most neutral words are &lt;code&gt;гей&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;гомосексуалист&lt;/code&gt;. But, I think, you need to know, unfortunately, there is a strong anti-gay campaign in contemporary Russia. So, will your question be taken as insulting or not, strongly depends on opinion of your interlocutor. People who don't like gays will feel insulting by fact of such question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2014-11-08T21:14:52.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7542" CreationDate="2014-11-08T22:33:17.127" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a Russian, living in Russia. I can tell you two things, first-hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There isn't a &quot;strong anti-gay campaign&quot; in contemporary Russia. The law that you seem to think is anti-gay forbids propaganda of homosexualism and lesbianity. I had a gay university professor; he is now a Chair of the English Language, and nobody minds he is gay, as long as he doesn't advertize that.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I should say that open propaganda of any physical sexual relations, be that gay, lesbian, or straign, is not encouraged in Russia. Why this special law about homosexuals is, probably, that they have been forwarding their case somewhat aggressively lately. But when you are alone with your partner, it's your own business, whether you are two men, two women, a straight pair, or a crowd of swingers, as long as all of you are of age, and you don't make too much noise.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;However, not in the contemporary Russia, but as long as I remember (I was born in 1967, in the Soviet Union), homosixuality has been considered more or less disgusting here. Nowadays, contrary to what is being said, we are more tolerant to gays. However, a straigt Russian man will strongly dislike it if you suppose &lt;em&gt;he&lt;/em&gt; is gay. How he will react, now, is a question of his background: some, like myself, will politely say that you are mistaken; a redneck type may punch you.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, you'd better ask a Russian man if he is gay either if you are pretty sure that he is (by his manner of speaking, clothes, etc.) or if he appears to be well-bred: he will not like the idea, but he will not make a fuss. In either case, euphemisms like &quot;are you interested in men&quot; will be more appropriate than a straightforward question &quot;are you gay/a homosexualist&quot;. In Russian, it will be &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;«Простите, вы, случайно, не интересуетесь мужчинами?»&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4518" LastEditorUserId="4518" LastEditDate="2014-11-19T19:28:59.873" LastActivityDate="2014-11-19T19:28:59.873" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7546" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7535" CreationDate="2014-11-08T23:02:45.773" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Красный перец» (&lt;em&gt;lit.&lt;/em&gt; red pepper) is the name for a not so hot red pepper common in Russia. However, if a pepper is unusually hot, we say «жгучий» (hot), but that only states higher capsaicin content and is not the name of the species of the pepper family. Sometimes the word «чили» (chili) is used for the same meaning, but that is not necessaryly the actual chili; just stating that is is a hotter type. Actually, it is an incorrect but common use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the straightforward answer to your question will be, sometimes it is, and often it isn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4518" LastActivityDate="2014-11-08T23:02:45.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7445" CreationDate="2014-11-08T23:51:38.473" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the object after the verb &lt;em&gt;учить&lt;/em&gt; is something to be learned/studied/memorized, then the verb means &lt;em&gt;to study/learn/memorize.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the object of the verb is a more or less intelligent being (group of such beings) who is (are) to learn from you, then it's &lt;em&gt;to teach/train/instruct&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;учить детей решать задачи&lt;/em&gt; to teach children how to solve problems, &lt;em&gt;учить собаку прыгать через барьер&lt;/em&gt; to train the dog to jump the barrier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb may have a figurative meaning: «учить робота разговаривать» (&lt;em&gt;lit.&lt;/em&gt; to teach the robot how to talk; actually, program it's voice software), or «учить самолеты летать» (a line from a once famous song about test pilots, to train airplanes in flying). However, in these cases, we &quot;pretend&quot; that robots and planes are intelligent beings that can be taught.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4518" LastActivityDate="2014-11-08T23:51:38.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7548" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7549" CreationDate="2014-11-09T01:11:12.467" Score="6" ViewCount="2840" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the phrase &quot;У меня (есть)&quot;, &lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt; am the one doing the having, so surely &lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt; should be in the nominative, but instead we use &quot;меня&quot;, which is accusative (or something else?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect this is because the literal meaning of &quot;У меня есть кот&quot; is something more like &quot;There is a cat with me&quot;. Is this accurate? If so, what exactly does the preposition &lt;em&gt;У&lt;/em&gt; mean here, and why is &lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt; not conjugated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T00:51:06.320" Title="Why do we say &quot;У меня (есть)&quot; and not &quot;У я есть&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7548" CreationDate="2014-11-09T04:26:18.100" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The literal meaning is &quot;&lt;em&gt;By&lt;/em&gt; me there is a cat&quot;.  The preposition у indicates something nearby, e.g., у окна  = by the window. Every preposition requires the accompanying noun to have a definite case, and it just happens that nouns following у must be in the genitive case.  Don't try to reason out &quot;why&quot; you need the genitive after у. As von Neumann would say, don't try to understand it; just get used to it. So we use меня and окна after у since they are the genitive form of я and окно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no need to change the form of есть in this construction since it means &quot;there is&quot; and that's exactly what you're saying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The construction у + genitive есть may seem like a complicated way to express possession if you compare it to English, but you shouldn't expect different languages to convey the same idea in the same way. There are other means of conveying possession in Russian with a grammatical construction that is closer to the English form (e.g., я имею право... = I have the/a right...), but the у + gen. construction is the standard idiomatic  method in ordinary circumstances. The usage of я имею is rare in everyday speech. See the question at &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/881/the-usage-of-%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;The usage of иметь&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-11-09T04:36:20.990" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7551" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7552" CreationDate="2014-11-09T18:26:24.000" Score="8" ViewCount="1243" Body="&lt;p&gt;В новостях прочитал фразу:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В 2003 году он закончил МГИМО.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопросы: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Предложение корректно?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Можно ли в нем заменить закончил на окончил?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли смысловые нюансы?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T21:13:41.997" Title="Оканчивать университет или заканчивать?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7551" CreationDate="2014-11-09T19:45:15.183" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;закончил&quot; is more common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentence is rather correct – at least the word &quot;закончил&quot; is often used like this, so it wouldn't sound any &quot;wrong&quot; for 99 percent of native speakers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &quot;окончил&quot; is an even more appropriate verb here as it is mostly used referring to study and would probably sound weird, yet immediately understandable, if used elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;окончил школу&quot; – perfect&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;закончил школу&quot; – still OK&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;закончил дела&quot; – OK&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;окончил дела&quot; – weird&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1736" LastActivityDate="2014-11-09T19:45:15.183" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7542" CreationDate="2014-11-09T23:38:55.393" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;No way. No way without risking being hit badly with life-threatening injuries. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://vpenze.ru/news/view/75441&quot;&gt;Penza man killed a dude in Moscow because he suggested sex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fedpost.ru/sobytiya/12978-malchik-po-vyzovu-ubil-moskovskogo-gomoseksualista-za.html&quot;&gt;Male prostitute killed client for suggestion of sex in passive role&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.severinform.ru/?page=newsfull&amp;amp;date=22-02-2013&amp;amp;newsid=180066&quot;&gt;Archangelsk man killed a homosexualist for sex proposal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rosbalt.ru/moscow/2010/02/04/709876.html&quot;&gt;Dagestani guys killed a man in Moscow region for sex proposal with extreme sadism&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rosbalt.ru/federal/2014/06/25/1284234.html&quot;&gt;A gay foreigner killed in Crimea for being suspected of being gay&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mk.ru/incident/crime/news/2014/01/21/973090-elektrik-ubil-molotkom-klientageya-kotoryiy-nachal-k-nemu-pristavat.html&quot;&gt;In Udmurtia electrician killed a client for sex proposal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc etc, this is common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-11-09T23:48:03.770" LastActivityDate="2014-11-09T23:48:03.770" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7555" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7556" CreationDate="2014-11-10T06:02:41.780" Score="13" ViewCount="538" Body="&lt;p&gt;Льзя ли применять слова без отрицательной приставки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-04-05T14:23:35.133" LastActivityDate="2019-04-05T14:23:35.133" Title="Повадно ли такое словотворчество?" Tags="&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7555" CreationDate="2014-11-10T07:27:32.230" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Льзя, если таковые существуют без отрицательной приставки.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Повадно&lt;/code&gt; существует как отдельное слово:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А нам, мечтателям, и вовсе повадно играть в эту игру. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%CF%EE%E2%E0%E4%ED%EE&amp;amp;docid=8213&quot;&gt;[Юрий Архипов. Назову себя шахматистом… (2004) // «64 — Шахматное обозрение», 2004.05.15]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Льзя&lt;/code&gt; тоже существует, хотя многие о его существовании не подозревают.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Потом переписал очень хорошие стишки:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Душеньки часок не видя,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Думал, год уж не видал;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Жизнь мою возненавидя,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Льзя ли жить мне, я сказал&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%EB%FC%E7%FF&amp;amp;docid=85754&quot;&gt;[Н. В. Гоголь. Записки сумасшедшего (1835)]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Существует и &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%E2%EF%EE%EF%E0%E4&amp;amp;docid=46151&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;впопад&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Однако надо не забывать, что такие слова при их употреблении вызывают у читателей и слушателей некоторое недоумение и поэтому являются стилистически маркированными, их употребление в стилистически нейтральном тексте не оправдано, поскольку они привносят в текст элемент поэтики и словотворчества. Ну и без &quot;не&quot; не употребляются, например, &quot;забудка&quot;, &quot;нависть&quot;, &quot;ожиданность&quot;, &quot;настье&quot;, &quot;истовство&quot;, &quot;дотёпа&quot;, &quot;дотрога&quot; и многие другие слова.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-11-10T07:27:32.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7557" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7558" CreationDate="2014-11-10T09:28:47.693" Score="15" ViewCount="2757" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как называется мужчина, чья профессия - печатать на машинке?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-11-10T10:19:39.247" Title="самец машинистки" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7557" CreationDate="2014-11-10T10:19:39.247" Score="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это может показаться странным, но слово, которое Вы ищите - это &lt;strong&gt;машинист&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Согласно &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ozhegov.com/words/15457.shtml&quot;&gt;Толковому Словарю Ожегова&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;МАШИНИСТ, -а, м. 1. Механик, управляющий транспортной или другой&#xA;  самодвижущейся машиной, механическим устройством. М. горного комбайна.&#xA;  М. сцены (в театре). 2. Специалист по вождению поездов. М локомотива.&#xA;  3. Специалист, печатающий на машинке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В данном случае, Вас интересует значение (3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2014-11-10T10:19:39.247" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7555" CreationDate="2014-11-10T10:20:24.867" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Речь (письменная и устная), как процесс письма или говорения обычно не является самоцелью. Обычно люди хотят донести свои мысли до собеседника. Поэтому правило в словотворчестве по большому счету одно: нужно говорить и писать так, чтобы понял собеседник.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Письменная и устная речь по-разному справляются с отклонениями от стандарта. Люди обладающие хорошим навыком чтения читают слова (а то и целые предложения) с одного взгляда, не прочитывая все буквы слова. Если же слово необычное - скорость чтения снижается. Пишут что нормальный темп чтения сохраняется если количество ошибок в тексте не больше определенного уровня (если я не ошибаюсь, ошибки в 10% слов). Т.е. если рассматривать слова без отрицательной приставки как ошибки - если их будет не слишком много, текст будет восприниматься без труда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Устная речь (особенно импровизированная) порождает &quot;неправильные конструкции&quot; постоянно, так как говорящий в короткое время должен решить множество задач чтобы получившаяся фраза была правильной. Обычно фраза рождается в процессе говорения и иногда получается так, что договорив до конца фразы, говорящий обнаруживает что в &quot;стандартном&quot; языке не удается подобрать слово в нужном времени, нужного рода и т.п., так как его или не существует или его никак не удается вспомнить. В этом случае появившееся вдруг слово &quot;впопад&quot; или &quot;дотрога&quot; будет нормально воспринято собеседником.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть и в устной, и в письменной речи допускается определенное количество &quot;неправильных&quot; слов. Если же таких слов станет слишком много, может произойти &quot;коммуникативная неудача&quot; - вас просто не поймут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-11-10T10:20:24.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7560" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7565" CreationDate="2014-11-12T00:35:48.807" Score="7" ViewCount="1768" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the sentence &quot;Ножка у сту́ла сломалась&quot; (the chair leg broke), why do we need the у? The genitive case on &quot;стул&quot; already lets you know that it's the &lt;em&gt;chair's&lt;/em&gt; leg that's broken. More generally, when and why is у used to indicate posession in Russian rather than simply using the genitive case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, I'm aware that &quot;сту́ла&quot; is already in the genitive, I'm asking why у is there as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2014-11-12T00:44:11.557" LastActivityDate="2014-11-19T07:09:04.017" Title="Why do we need У in &quot;Ножка у сту́ла сломалась&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7560" CreationDate="2014-11-12T01:18:50.197" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Ножка стула = chair leg (designed to serve as a leg in a chair, not&#xA;  necessary currently a part of a chair)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Ножка у стула = leg of a/the chair (currently serving as part of a/the chair, attached)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the legs are separated from the chair (for instance the chair in a disassembled state), in this case you would use &quot;ножка стула&quot; but not &quot;ножка у стула&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я заказал новую ножку стула в магазине, чтобы заменить сломанную = I&#xA;  have ordered a chair leg from a store so to replace the broken one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are speaking about legs belonging to two or more chairs, you would use &quot;ножка стула&quot;, while if you are speaking about one chair you say &quot;ножка у стула&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Смотри, одна ножка стула синяя, а другая красная = Look, one chair leg is blue, the other is red. (legs of different chairs or the same chair or detached from chairs)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Смотри, одна ножка у стула синяя, а другая красная = Look, one leg of a/the chair is blue, but the other is red, (legs of the same chair)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Смотри, у одного стула ножка синяя, а у другого красная = Look, the leg of one chair is blue, but of the other one is red. (legs of different chairs)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another difference is that I would say it conveys a coloring somewhat similar to indefinite article in English.&#xA;&quot;Ножка у стула сломалась&quot; largerly means you introduce a new chair, not discussed or implyed before, while &quot;ножка стула сломалась&quot; kinda implies that is is known about which chair you are speaking. If it is the chair which you are sitting in at the moment, you can use the both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note also the following. If you want to underline that it is the leg of the chair is broken, you should use у:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Что случилось? &quot;What happened?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ножка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; у стула сломалась. &quot;A &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;leg&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; of a/the chair has broken&quot; or &quot;A chair's &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;leg&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; has broken&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to underline that the leg is broken, you should not use the у:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Что c ножкой стула? &quot;What happened to the chair's leg?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ножка стула &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сломалась&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &quot;The chair's leg has &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;broken&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-11-16T18:21:54.027" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T18:21:54.027" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7469" CreationDate="2014-11-12T03:35:00.867" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should use words &quot;Играть снова&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4527" LastActivityDate="2014-11-12T03:35:00.867" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7560" CreationDate="2014-11-12T14:42:49.160" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I cannot give exact reference to rule, but in this case there is no difference, both are correct. Here &lt;code&gt;у&lt;/code&gt; means that chair has a leg. Probably, without &lt;code&gt;у&lt;/code&gt;  will be a bit more correct, I'm not sure.&#xA;Russian is my native language, but I really never thought about this problem before. You can use both variants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2014-11-12T14:42:49.160" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7560" CreationDate="2014-11-12T14:49:33.220" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, try to recall how Russian typically expresses possession:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;У нас есть свой дом&lt;/em&gt; = We have got a house of our own.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;У моей бабушки есть машина, а у папы — нет&lt;/em&gt;. = My grandmother has a car and my dad doesn't. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;У тебя вопросы?&lt;/em&gt; = Have you got questions?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;У Саши насморк.&lt;/em&gt; = Sasha's got a cold.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Genitive&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can introduce a sentence about something related to or possessed by a person or an object (always without &quot;есть&quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня не работает мышка.&lt;/em&gt; = My mouse isn't working.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;У дома были заколочены окна.&lt;/em&gt; = The house's windows were boarded up.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;У моей жены брат — хирург.&lt;/em&gt; = My wive's brother is a surgeon.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can interpret it as &quot;The mouse I have isn't working&quot;, but essentially it is understood as if you just used a possessive construction (&quot;моя мышка&quot;, &quot;окна дома&quot;, &quot;брат моей жены&quot;). To my ear, it is a tiny bit less formal, but still quite neutral in style — I am sure I would not use in a legal document and probably in a scientific article but would not hesitate if I need it anywhere else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since Russian has a flexible word order, you can emphasize different words using both word order an intonation. So several options are valid:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У стула сломалась ножка.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (the most neutral/boring/mater-of-fact-ly)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ножка у стула сломалась.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;У стула ножка сломалась.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This device has its niche because it may be useful from a narrative point of view. Rather than stating facts about something belonging to something, you inform your listener that the sentence is about &lt;em&gt;what happened to the object in question, what is interesting about that object, what the situation is&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;У меня мама заболела&quot; is a bit more personal (it means &quot;My mother is ill&quot;), since it focuses on &quot;your situation&quot; (&quot;As for me, my mother is ill&quot;). &quot;Моя мама заболела&quot; is just the most straightforward way: anyone could replace &quot;my mother&quot; in teh sentence, and it would keep the same overall tone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example. Say, someone's dear pet died, and their friend noticed they are sad. Then &quot;У меня собака умерла&quot; is a far more natural thing to say than &quot;Моя собака умерла&quot;: after all, you are conmmenting on &lt;em&gt;your&lt;/em&gt; situation, not on what your dog did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD&lt;/strong&gt;: Also, look at the first part of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Anixx&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;'s answer. &quot;Ножка стула&quot; can truly mean just any leg of a chair or &lt;em&gt;chair leg&lt;/em&gt;, including legs severed from the chair. Or those freshly made and not yet attached to any chair. So, it may mean the leg that is intended for use with a chair but not currently associated with any specific chair (similarly to how &lt;em&gt;bath rug&lt;/em&gt; may be different from &lt;em&gt;rug in the bathroom&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;У стула ножка/Ножка у стула ....&quot; explicitly means the leg that the chair currently has — or at least had (has) at the moments you are referring to. An example of such use: «У моего кресла ролик заедает. Вот, я принёс — можешь глянуть?» (My armchair's castor gets stuck. Here, I brought it — could you please take a look? → here you mean that the castor jams when it is still attached).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-11-19T07:09:04.017" LastActivityDate="2014-11-19T07:09:04.017" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7566" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7560" CreationDate="2014-11-12T15:32:23.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To me the variant &quot;Ножка у сту́ла сломалась&quot; sounds more informal than &quot;Ножка сту́ла сломалась&quot;. It almost gives animate qualities to the стул. Compare, for example, &quot;Нога у меня болит&quot; (and other sad examples with mice and dogs given by others on this page).  You would not be able to say &quot;Нога меня болит&quot; though. The preposition &quot;У&quot;, in the sense of possession, seems to imply an animate subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2014-11-12T15:32:23.920" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2722" CreationDate="2014-11-12T23:35:13.673" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Доброго времени суток.&#xA;Моё мнение по поводу выражения &quot;Точить лыжи&quot;, это означало сделать(вырезать) лыжи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4531" LastActivityDate="2014-11-12T23:35:13.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7569" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-13T20:10:13.497" Score="5" ViewCount="1121" Body="&lt;p&gt;Google translate doesn't do a good job of explaining it. Could someone please give common context in which it is used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1349" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-11-14T09:31:22.033" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T00:40:39.907" Title="What does «наяву» mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7569" CreationDate="2014-11-13T20:18:11.730" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an adverb meaning &quot;in reality&quot;, as opposed to &lt;em&gt;во сне&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;in one's dream&quot;), &lt;em&gt;в бреду&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;in one's delirium&quot;) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я часто говорю с ним во сне, но никогда наяву&lt;/em&gt; / I often talk to him in my dreams, but never in reality.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2014-11-14T09:08:54.633" LastActivityDate="2014-11-14T09:08:54.633" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7542" CreationDate="2014-11-14T12:52:28.203" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most neutral seems to be &quot;гей&quot;. But be careful about who you ask and where you do it- many russians are not tolerant about the matter. Few are untolerant enough to punch you for asking, but something like that might happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4538" LastActivityDate="2014-11-14T12:52:28.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7572" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7387" CreationDate="2014-11-14T12:55:04.393" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can not agree to previous old-fashioned comment (in this case it's like a difference in using of word &quot;gay&quot; in old and modern English), sorry. I think it can be a spiteful and dirty joke. This means this girl suits for ANY type (хоть куда) of sex. :( &#xA;Please, don't use this idiomatic expression in the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4539" LastEditorUserId="4539" LastEditDate="2014-11-14T13:32:43.823" LastActivityDate="2014-11-14T13:32:43.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7387" CreationDate="2014-11-14T13:09:06.970" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question made my day.&#xA;No, there is no sexual implication in the phrase itself. But given the right intonation or context it may have one - your question is actually a good example. Anyways, it's out of date, I wouldn't use it. If you want to say &quot;she's great&quot;, you are better off with &quot;она великолепна&quot; for a formal variant or &quot;она классная/клевая&quot; for informal one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4538" LastEditorUserId="293" LastEditDate="2014-11-17T12:06:02.383" LastActivityDate="2014-11-17T12:06:02.383" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7575" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7387" CreationDate="2014-11-14T14:17:10.573" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Девушка хоть куда is a normal expression. You can use it anywhere you want. The meaning of 'хоть куда' is interpreted from the surrounding sentences  and the meaning of the passage or paragraph. Basically you can use it to praise a woman in a good or not so good way. Context is the key. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4543" LastActivityDate="2014-11-14T14:17:10.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7576" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7597" CreationDate="2014-11-14T15:52:11.657" Score="5" ViewCount="311" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an obituary about Grothendieck at &lt;a href=&quot;http://lenta.ru/news/2014/11/14/grothendieck/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://lenta.ru/news/2014/11/14/grothendieck/&lt;/a&gt;, the last paragraph says &quot;... деятельность Института вышсих научных исследований, где работал ученый, частично финансируются военными,...&quot; and I am not sure why it uses финансируются instead of финансируется. I would have thought this verb is governed by деятельность, which grammatically is singular (&quot;the activity/work at IHES... is financed by...&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2014-11-15T06:50:25.167" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T23:31:34.443" Title="Example of a reflexive verb in Grothendieck's obituary" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7387" CreationDate="2014-11-14T19:31:29.393" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;ну как русский человек, для которого русский язык является родным, попробую проанализировать фразу &quot;девушка хоть куда&quot;, тут имеется в виду видимо, что эта девушка может делать все, что угодно, то есть ткать ковер, вышивать кружева и готовить отменные борщи, этот комплимент не имеет сексуального подтекста, а имеет исключительно &quot;древние&quot; корни, на Руси ценили девушку, которую можно назвать &quot;мастерицей&quot; то есть &quot;способной делать любые дела&quot;, то есть &quot;пригодной для любого жизненного уклада&quot; то есть &quot;девушка хоть куда&quot;, вообще сексуальность того или иного человека всегда и сейчас, в некоторой степени, это некий показатель приспособленности человека к окружающему миру, &quot;девушка хоть куда&quot; это человек приспособленный к жизни, следовательно это такой человек, с которым не будет скучно и который внезапно не заболеет депрессией и не умрет от скуки. В некоторой степени это просто показатель здоровья человека. Подводя итог: можно сказать, что &quot;человек хоть куда&quot; это здоровый человек&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4545" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-11-17T01:07:03.643" LastActivityDate="2014-11-17T01:07:03.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7569" CreationDate="2014-11-14T19:57:24.937" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Наяву&quot; comes from old russian world &quot;Явь&quot;. &quot;Явь&quot; it's some kind of reality, for example like real world (when we speak about heaven, hell and real life).&#xA;Nowadays &quot;Явь&quot; evolved to word &quot;наяву&quot; - &quot;in this reality&quot;, &quot;in this world&quot;, not in dreams or imagination.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4547" LastActivityDate="2014-11-14T19:57:24.937" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7579" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-15T07:12:13.173" Score="9" ViewCount="3578" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are main differences in punctuation marks between Russian and English?  I found the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In Russian, a signature is often follwed with the period mark.  In English, no period after the signature.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сложноподчинённые предложения. In Russian, the comma is required before &quot;что&quot;, &quot;как&quot; etc.  In English usually there is no comma before &quot;that&quot;, &quot;which&quot; etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In Russian, no comma before &quot;и&quot; in constructs like &quot;A, B, C и D&quot;.  In English, &quot;A, B, C, and D&quot; - the comma before &quot;and&quot; is required. Same for или/or. &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Similarly, in the constructs &quot;и A, и B&quot; and &quot;или А, или В&quot; the comma is required, while in the constructs &quot;both A and B&quot; and &quot;either A or B&quot; there is no comma.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But probably there are other differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2014-11-15T17:20:38.757" LastActivityDate="2017-12-29T08:39:41.760" Title="Differences in punctuation marks between Russian and English" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="10" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-12-04T16:28:00.620" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7580" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7579" CreationDate="2014-11-15T08:05:37.553" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider вводное слово.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он, вероятно, плохой человек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He is probably a bad man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они, возможно, не придут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They possibly will not come.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I am not sure whether a comma is allowed here in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-11-15T08:05:37.553" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-12-04T16:28:00.620" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7581" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7584" CreationDate="2014-11-15T11:50:36.817" Score="2" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;For academic reasons I am interested in machine-readable information about Russian words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, nouns with attached information about&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;grammatical gender&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;declension&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;alive or not&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;etc...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or verbs with&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;conjugation&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;valency&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you know about any freely available corpus I could use without having to scrap the data from online sources?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4555" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T00:03:48.540" Title="Machine-readable corpus of Russian words" Tags="&lt;лингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7583" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7585" CreationDate="2014-11-15T18:56:58.420" Score="8" ViewCount="3073" Body="&lt;p&gt;В разных языках программирования есть понятия &quot;expression&quot; и &quot;statement&quot;. &quot;Expression&quot; тривиально переводится на русский как &quot;выражение&quot;: Со &quot;statement&quot;-ом дела чуть посложнее, но кажется, техническая литература остановилась на термине &quot;инструкция&quot;, который неплохо подходит. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В стандарте языка C++ есть еще и понятие &quot;expression statement&quot;, которое означает что-то типа &quot;инструкция, выраженная выражением&quot;. Так как я очень давно уже не читаю техническую литературу на русском, я не имею понятия, имеет ли данный термин общепринятый перевод.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Идеальным вариантом будет, если кто знает перевод термина &quot;expression statement&quot;. Но если нет, помогите придумать перевод этому термину. В частности, если в русском языке есть прилагательное от слова &quot;выражение&quot;, то оно, думаю, может подойти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Для технарей, кто не в курсе: &quot;a = b + c&quot; - выражение, &quot;a = b + c;&quot; - инструкция, а точнее expression statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastActivityDate="2016-09-16T20:34:14.773" Title="Programming terminology: Expression statements in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7581" CreationDate="2014-11-15T20:36:51.667" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can also have a look to project OpenCorpora at &lt;a href=&quot;http://opencorpora.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://opencorpora.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4557" LastActivityDate="2014-11-15T20:36:51.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7585" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7583" CreationDate="2014-11-15T21:06:12.033" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?t=6491843_1_2&amp;amp;s1=expression%20statement&quot;&gt;Словарь&lt;/a&gt; предлагает такие варианты:&#xA;&lt;code&gt;оператор-выражение&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;команда-выражение&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;инструкция-выражение&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;оператор выражения&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лично я склоняюсь к второму или третьему варианту. Не нравится мне перевод &lt;code&gt;statement&lt;/code&gt;-&gt;&lt;code&gt;оператор&lt;/code&gt; из-за путаницы с арифметическими и др. операторами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4336" LastActivityDate="2014-11-15T21:06:12.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7581" CreationDate="2014-11-16T00:03:48.540" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;ruscorpora.ru - the main corpus of Russian language. Its information is in Russian, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T00:03:48.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7314" CreationDate="2014-11-16T17:33:30.587" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe &quot;катящиеся камни&quot; (rolling stones)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4562" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-11-16T17:43:42.337" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T17:43:42.337" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7314" CreationDate="2014-11-16T17:38:50.730" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe &quot;катящиеся камни&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4562" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-11-16T20:39:13.583" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T20:39:13.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7387" CreationDate="2014-11-16T17:59:12.533" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although it does not normally contain any sexual implications it may sound suggestive in certain context meaning &quot;up for anything&quot; like in this humorous bit from a TV show (&lt;a href=&quot;http://vk.com/video-21599370_170301829&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://vk.com/video-21599370_170301829&lt;/a&gt;) where a porn producer asks an interviewer to consider doing porn. You can also judge from these comments &lt;a href=&quot;http://otvet.mail.ru/question/60418286&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://otvet.mail.ru/question/60418286&lt;/a&gt; the phrase does sound ambiguous &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4570" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T17:59:12.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7314" CreationDate="2014-11-16T18:03:45.900" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nearly as Vitaly Sazanovich has proposed - slight modification could be applied. 'K' letter can be changed to 'B' (russian 'v'). It is not so straightforward as modifying it into 'Ж', but still could be done, result will be styled as ancient script &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2FWzE.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;see 5th letter here&quot;&gt;. Why would you make it? Because 'ВАТЯ' could be found in some cool expressions like &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) based on verb caught/grabbed e.g. '[МЕНЯ] НЕ СХВАТЯТ' '[I] WON'T GET CAUGHT'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) based on verb 'be beaten' in quite a macho form e.g. 'ВРАГИ ОТХВАТЯТ'/'ВРАГИ ВЫХВАТЯТ' = 'enemies will be beaten'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) based on specific form of noun 'bed', however I don't think any girl would like such on her bf :) e.g. &quot;BED JUMPER&quot; &quot;СКАКУН ПО КРОВАТЯМ&quot; (this one may be polished further)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) something based on form of verb catch in meaning of spreading - ПОДХВАТЯТ, that can be used in some formula e.g. 'Я СКАЖУ/НАЧНУ - ДРУЗЬЯ ПОДХВАТЯТ' 'I SHALL SAY/START AND FRIENDS SHALL SPREAD (CARRY ON, HELP, follow me/my example)'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4571" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T18:03:45.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7579" CreationDate="2014-11-16T18:30:36.903" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Besides already mentioned, there is one thing that kind of drove me nuts when I was making my first steps in communication with English-speaking people: there is no comma before a grammatical address (обращение) in English!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет, Ваня!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Hi John!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a tiny thing but it really makes a difference. So, now when I see a comma in those cases in English, I'm almost sure that the author is a Russian-speaking person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2442" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T18:30:36.903" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-12-04T16:28:00.620" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7314" CreationDate="2014-11-16T18:32:27.953" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a rather grim suggestion: he can add periods: &quot;КАТ.Я.&quot; &quot;Кат&quot; is an anachronism for &quot;executioner&quot;, so it would mean &quot;Executioner. Me.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4573" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T18:32:27.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="467" CreationDate="2014-11-16T20:07:56.073" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there is such a word. It's &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&amp;amp;stable=0&amp;amp;redirect=no&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;телерадиовещание&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-11-16T20:34:21.410" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T20:34:21.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7548" CreationDate="2014-11-16T20:21:46.750" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think, it's same as &quot;I am&quot; and not &quot;I is&quot; in english.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4582" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T20:21:46.750" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7548" CreationDate="2014-11-16T23:09:38.437" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;У меня есть кот literraly means I have a cat. So if you looks for seamless of sense and forms the phrast &quot;The cat belongs to me&quot; is closer to understand why &quot;меня&quot; but not &quot;я&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course  there is the direct translation Я имею кота, but it is not nice and can suppose some obscene connotation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4591" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T23:09:38.437" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7576" CreationDate="2014-11-16T23:31:34.443" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're right, it's a typo. Деятельность is in singular, therefore, финансируется. They've fixed it already.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4592" LastActivityDate="2014-11-16T23:31:34.443" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7579" CreationDate="2014-11-17T01:00:45.807" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In Germany, an electrician killed a dog.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В Германии электрик убил собаку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-11-17T01:00:45.807" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-12-04T16:28:00.620" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7542" CreationDate="2014-11-17T03:39:18.567" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a gay man and Russian I strongly advise you against asking people in Russia that question. Russian macho/semicriminal culture would demand an immediate rude and sometimes violent response. Unless the circumstances permit it (like you're in a gay club or something). Also the top answer here is sad and misinformed (both regarding homophobia levels in Russia and the actual language). The correct (idiomatically) sentence would be &quot;Простите, а вас мужчины не интересуют?&quot;. Or just indeed &quot;Простите, а вы, случайно, не гей?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4595" LastEditorUserId="4595" LastEditDate="2014-11-17T03:51:16.013" LastActivityDate="2014-11-17T03:51:16.013" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7387" CreationDate="2014-11-17T06:55:31.620" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Девушка хоть куда&quot; означает, что девушка воспитана и с ней можно выходить в высшее общество.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Its means that a girl brought up and it can go into high society.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4615" LastActivityDate="2014-11-17T06:55:31.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7601" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-17T11:13:23.550" Score="3" ViewCount="585" Body="&lt;p&gt;Дословный перевод &quot;Технологические партнеры&quot; и &quot;Партнеры по решениям&quot; меня не устраивает.&#xA;Первое кажется двусмысленным, у меня ассоциация с &quot;технологический университет&quot;.&#xA;Второе просто не по русски.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Помогите пожалуйста подобрать правильные слова!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3498" LastActivityDate="2015-03-31T15:11:53.437" Title="Человеческий перевод &quot;Technology Partners&quot; и &quot;Solution Partners&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7387" CreationDate="2014-11-17T11:51:23.067" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;девушка хоть куда == attagirl .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4602" LastActivityDate="2014-11-17T11:51:23.067" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7601" CreationDate="2014-11-17T12:41:43.330" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 90% of cases &lt;em&gt;partners&lt;/em&gt; are in fact &lt;em&gt;providers&lt;/em&gt;. So why not&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Поставщики технологий&#xA;Поставщики решений&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastActivityDate="2014-11-17T12:41:43.330" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7542" CreationDate="2014-11-17T14:58:20.370" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indeed it's a very delicate issue. Let me give you an example how I would ask a person I've met recently or just now if he is gay. I'm sure this will not insult him/her as you have to express politeness, prepare the ground for the question and reason with why you are asking:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Подготовка:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Я бы не хотел показаться бестактным, и на самом деле это не имеет особого значения, но могу я задать вам личный вопрос?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Да, конечно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) Я не очень люблю личные вопросы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) Смотря, что вы имеете ввиду под личным вопросом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Далее в зависимости от ответа испытуемого:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) (на &quot;да, конечно&quot;) Мне показалась, что вы неравнодушны к мужчинам/женщинам, хотя и могу ошибаться, конечно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Тогда оставим этот разговор. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) Скажите, как вы относитесь к сексуальным меньшинствам? Если дальше вас спросят: &quot;А почему вы спрашиваете?&quot; , то давайте задний ход. Иначе развивайте тему и переходите к пункту 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Как дать задний ход:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Сейчас все очень агрессивно относятся к представителям сексуальных меньшинств. Мне просто было интересно ваше мнение. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Конечно, вас будет легко раскусить, но если аккуратно зондировать территорию, то можно узнать возможную реакцию человека, так и не задав ему этот вопрос. Всё очень просто. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-11-17T15:17:29.760" LastActivityDate="2014-11-17T15:17:29.760" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2104" CreationDate="2014-11-17T16:19:45.933" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;-ко is emphasis; -ся is contraction of 'себе', 'self'. So -ко-ся would be a colloquial emphasis, &quot;look you there&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4605" LastActivityDate="2014-11-17T16:19:45.933" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7465" CreationDate="2014-11-17T20:30:16.953" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это эмфатический прием, &quot;каждый первый&quot; эквивалентно &quot;все без исключения&quot;, &quot;абсолютно каждый&quot;. Усиление по сравнению с &quot;каждый&quot; достигается за счет &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;сильного обмана ожиданий: мы ожидаем &quot;мечта каждого второго (третьего, пятого, десятого)&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;повторения: &quot;каждый&quot; -&gt; &quot;каждый первый&quot; (&quot;точно-преточно&quot;); &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;недопущения исключений: один (каждый) из одного (первый), при возможности исключений мы бы сказали &quot;мечта 99 из 100&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4608" LastActivityDate="2014-11-17T20:30:16.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2104" CreationDate="2014-11-18T00:39:37.180" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;-ко is correctly explained above, indeed it's an emphatic suffix or particle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The recursive -ся here is used for emphasis, similar to &quot;me comia una paella&quot; in Spanish, which literally means &quot;I was eating to me a paella&quot;, meaning &quot;There, I was eating paella&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may use the English &quot;here&quot; in translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;гли-ко-ся = гляди-ко-ся = &quot;but look here&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Чё-ко-ся = &quot;what that is it here&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Собирай-ко-сь = &quot;come on here, arrange the table&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T00:39:37.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7548" CreationDate="2014-11-18T00:51:06.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regarding this last bit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;why is есть not conjugated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's the verb быть (to be) in 3rd person singular. The reason it's not conjugated is that other forms have been dropped in recent 500 years. They were:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я есьм&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ты еси&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;он есть - still used&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мы есьмо&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вы есте&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;они суть - very rarely but still used mostly in written, by educated people&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(If you look at other Indo-European languages, Italian has forms of &quot;essere&quot; (to be) very similar.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays, являться is used where &quot;to be&quot; is explicitly needed, and surprisingly идти is used similarly to &quot;there is&quot; in English (у нас машины идут в базовой комплектации - there are cars of base options in our shop).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T00:51:06.320" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7609" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-18T03:13:56.543" Score="5" ViewCount="799" Body="&lt;p&gt;Скажите, пожалуйста, какая словообразовательная связь между словами &quot;испытать/испытывать&quot; и &quot;испытуемый&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Раньше было правило, непосредственно связывающее эти два слова по грамматике? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или, может быть, было слово &quot;**испытовать&quot;, от которого могло бы образоваться слово &quot;испытуемый&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А как между &quot;связывать&quot; и &quot;связующий&quot;? Еще есть такие слова, как &quot;сказуемое&quot;, &quot;наказуемый&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4614" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2014-11-20T11:59:48.847" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T12:09:18.653" Title="Если &quot;испытать&quot; - &quot;испытуемый&quot;, то есть ли &quot;сказуемый&quot;, &quot;наказуемый&quot;?" Tags="&lt;словообразование&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7542" CreationDate="2014-11-18T11:19:16.770" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ты придерживаешься нетрадиционной сексуальной ориентации?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4621" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T11:19:16.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7609" CreationDate="2014-11-18T12:33:55.557" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я могу только сказать, что &quot;испытать/испытывать&quot; (глагол) и &quot;испытуемый&quot; (прилагательное) — однокоренные слова. В настоящее время слова &quot;испыт&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;вать&quot; нет, оно выглядит похожим на слово &quot;испыт&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt;вать&quot; с опечаткой. Испытуемый — это &lt;em&gt;тот, кто подвергается испытанию&lt;/em&gt;, или &lt;em&gt;кого испытывают&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Пожалуйста, объясните подробнее, что имеется в виду под &quot;правилом, несредственно связывающее эти два слова по грамматике&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Сказуемое&quot;, &quot;наказуемый&quot; лишь звучат похоже на &quot;связывать/связующий&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;Сказуемое&quot; — прилагательное, имеет корень &quot;сказ&quot;, как в слове &quot;сказать&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;Наказуемый&quot; — прилагательное, однокоренное с &quot;наказать&quot; и &quot;дать &lt;em&gt;наказ/приказ&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (дать задание).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4619" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T12:33:55.557" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7601" CreationDate="2014-11-18T12:44:37.057" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я за первый вариант. Есть же &quot;информационный партнер&quot; (media partner). Оба термина являются заимствованиями из английского языка. В этом смысле изначально заимствованное слово &quot;партнер&quot; будет для русскоговорящих некоторым маркером, обохначающем характер заимствования всего выражения. &#xA;Совет выше заменить &quot;партнеров&quot; на &quot;поставщиков&quot; также хорош. Можно посмотреть в сторону &quot;участников&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4623" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T12:44:37.057" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7542" CreationDate="2014-11-18T13:06:04.523" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы аккуратно заехала со стороны: - Я не заметила, чтобы тебе осбо нравились девушки. Не нашел такую, которая бы зацепила? Или ты к женскому полу равнодушен?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;На что человек ответил либо: - Еще не нашел девушку своей мечты.&#xA;Либо: - Я к женскому полу равнодушен (отношусь прохладно).&#xA;Вот тогда можно спросить: - Тебе молодые люди больше нравятся? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4624" LastEditorUserId="4624" LastEditDate="2014-11-18T13:11:42.147" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T13:11:42.147" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7609" CreationDate="2014-11-18T13:08:33.530" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Испытуемый&amp;quot; - &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CF%F0%E8%F7%E0%F1%F2%E8%E5_(%EB%E8%ED%E3%E2%E8%F1%F2%E8%EA%E0)#.D0.A1.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.8C.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B5_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.8F.D1.89.D0.B5.D0.B3.D0.BE_.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;страдательное причастие настоящего времени&lt;/a&gt;. Они образованы от глаголов несовершенного вида, переходных с помощью суффиксов -ем- и -им-. &lt;em&gt;Тот, на кого направлено действие глагола&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;passive&lt;/strong&gt; side of action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Связующий&amp;quot; - &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CF%F0%E8%F7%E0%F1%F2%E8%E5_(%EB%E8%ED%E3%E2%E8%F1%F2%E8%EA%E0)#.D0.94.D0.B5.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.8C.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B5_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.8F.D1.89.D0.B5.D0.B3.D0.BE_.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;действительное причастие настоящего времени&lt;/a&gt;. Образованы от глаголов несовершенного вида, переходных и непереходных с помощью суффиксов -ущ- (-ющ-), и -ащ- (-ящ-). &lt;em&gt;Тот, кто направлено действие глагола&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;active&lt;/strong&gt; side of action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почитайте вообще про причастия и отглагольные прилагательные, думаю многие вопросы отпадут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4623" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T13:08:33.530" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7615" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7569" CreationDate="2014-11-18T13:20:48.460" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Наяву - этот состояние, когда ты не спишь (бодрствуешь), не бредишь, когда ты находишься &quot;в здравом уме и твердой памяти&quot;, когда окружающая действительность реальная, и не является плодом вашего воображения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4624" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T13:20:48.460" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2104" CreationDate="2014-11-18T13:29:09.227" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;“накося” = на, держи, получи. -кося (или -ко+ся) уменьшительно-ласкательно-изветельское окончание. “накося выкуси” - употребляется как злорадное восклицание по поводу установленной справедливости или свершившейся маленькой мести. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4624" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T13:29:09.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7134" CreationDate="2014-11-18T15:35:34.667" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It translates perfectly into British English as &quot;Not too bad&quot; or &quot;Could be worse&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4605" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T15:35:34.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7410" CreationDate="2014-11-18T16:30:26.380" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You shouldn't use &quot;потоп&quot; instead of &quot;потоплен&quot; due to different meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Потоплен&quot; means &quot;sunk by somebody&quot; - we know who did that (pirates, enemies, crew, etc.) and/or that make sense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Потоп&quot; (&quot;утонул&quot;) means &quot;drowned&quot; with no particular reason or we don't care the reason, the only fact of drowning does matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, you can use &quot;потоп&quot; (&quot;утоп&quot;) to say &quot;Его корабль потоп&quot;, as a native speaker I see nothing wrong to say that (but sounds outdated/childish):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Несчастный матрос, твой корабль **потоп**;&#xA;Клопы завелись в парусах.&#xA;Твой боцман - любитель портвейна и сноб&#xA;С прокисшей капустой в усах.&#xA;&#xA;Десять негритят пошли купаться в море,&#xA;Десять негритят резвились на просторе.&#xA;Один из них **утоп**, ему купили гроб,&#xA;И вот вам результат - девять негритят.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But IRL we use &quot;утонул&quot; (&quot;потонул&quot;, &quot;затонул&quot;) instead:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;— Что случилось с атомной лодкой &quot;Курск&quot;?&#xA;— Она утонула.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4608" LastEditorUserId="4608" LastEditDate="2014-11-18T16:37:59.070" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T16:37:59.070" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7560" CreationDate="2014-11-18T17:35:39.317" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I concur with Shady_arc's analysis but would like to elaborate on the final statement which I think summarises the quintessence of the matter, namely: &lt;em&gt;you are commenting on&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;your&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;situation,&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;not on what your dog did&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, consider a simple example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мой дом большой&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;strong&gt;My house&lt;/strong&gt; is big.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня &amp;lt;есть&gt; большой дом&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;strong&gt;I have&lt;/strong&gt; a big house.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us develop one of Shady_arc's examples to try and demonstrate the difference in the emphasis of each sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Моя мышка не работает&lt;/em&gt;. = &lt;strong&gt;My mouse&lt;/strong&gt; isn't working.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня не работает мышка&lt;/em&gt;. = My mouse isn't working, so I cannot use it. = &lt;strong&gt;I have&lt;/strong&gt; a broken mouse.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I'll give my mouse to Andrey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Андрей говорит, что моя мышка не работает&lt;/em&gt;. = Andrey says that &lt;strong&gt;my mouse&lt;/strong&gt; isn't working. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is almost equivalent to the first example, it still describes the condition of &lt;strong&gt;my&lt;/strong&gt; mouse.&#xA;However,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Андрей говорит, что моя мышка&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;у него&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;не работает&lt;/em&gt;. = Andrey says that my mouse isn't working &lt;strong&gt;for him&lt;/strong&gt;. = &lt;strong&gt;Andrey has&lt;/strong&gt; my mouse which isn't working, so he cannot use it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Моя собака умерла&lt;/em&gt;. = &lt;strong&gt;My dog&lt;/strong&gt; died.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня умерла собака&lt;/em&gt;. = &lt;strong&gt;I lost&lt;/strong&gt; my dog.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the original sentence indeed describes the chair which has been rendered unusable due to a broken leg, rather than the broken chair leg which may or may not have rendered some chair unusable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly, a search for &quot;My dog died&quot; returns over 3 million hits in Google, as opposed to &quot;I lost my dog&quot; - 1 million. In Russian, on the other hand, the construct &quot;У меня что-то случилось с предметом (человеком)&quot; will be by far more widespread than the construct &quot;С моим предметом (человеком) что-то случилось&quot;. I'll refrain from drawing any conclusions on possessiveness of English vs egocentricity of Russian. However, I could suggest this final illustration which might shed some additional light on the matter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;I put &lt;strong&gt;my&lt;/strong&gt; hat on&lt;/em&gt; = Я надел(а) шапку [not &quot;Я надел(а) &lt;strong&gt;свою&lt;/strong&gt; шапку&quot;].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Andrey put &lt;strong&gt;his&lt;/strong&gt; hat on&lt;/em&gt; = Андрей надел шапку [not &quot;Андрей надел &lt;strong&gt;свою&lt;/strong&gt; (or &lt;strong&gt;его&lt;/strong&gt;) шапку&quot;].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Andrey's hat is warm&lt;/em&gt; = У Андрея тёплая шапка [not &quot;Шапка Андрея тёплая&quot;]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2014-11-18T18:12:56.297" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T18:12:56.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7579" CreationDate="2014-11-18T18:08:14.780" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your question has no easy answer. Put simply, Russian punctuation is VERY different from the English one. And about twenty times more complicated, too. Which is to say: where English punctuation may be flexible and forgiving, Russian punctuation is authoritarian, prescriptive and merciless. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've had to read a good few books on English punctuation before I was able to tell my dependent clauses from my independent ones. I suggest you do the same. Brace yourself. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, your example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In English, &quot;A, B, C, and D&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;should read &quot;in American English&quot;. British English avoids the Oxford comma this days - one of the rare examples where Russian punctuation agrees with its (British) English counterpart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T18:08:14.780" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-12-04T16:28:00.620" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7551" CreationDate="2014-11-18T18:23:36.217" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would add that &quot;окончил университет&quot; is perceived as a bit more formal and/or archaic whereas &quot;закончил&quot; is slowly but surely drifting from colloquial to neutral general usage. In fact, it may well have already completed the journey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T18:23:36.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7537" CreationDate="2014-11-18T18:34:14.737" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider &quot;What do they call your dog?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;they call&lt;/em&gt; = зовут&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T18:34:14.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7625" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7639" CreationDate="2014-11-18T18:47:18.113" Score="4" ViewCount="370" Body="&lt;p&gt;I refer to the WW ii propaganda poster of the tiger shown with a bayonet thrust into its throat. 'убей немецких зерей!' reads the tag. Does the verb require genitive plural case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3847" LastEditorUserId="3847" LastEditDate="2014-11-18T19:40:37.503" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T08:13:05.467" Title="Does the verb 'убивать/убить` require the genitive plural case for the object?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7625" CreationDate="2014-11-18T19:41:05.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb doesn't require plural. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The plural used to personification, it implies that Germans (soldiers) are beasts and you have to kill (literally) many of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The singular 'убей немецкого зверя!' is OK too, but different meaning: you have to kill (in a figurative) Germany (as a country) or fashism (as an ideology) or like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4608" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T19:41:05.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7134" CreationDate="2014-11-18T20:08:00.667" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can help (Russian myself). The expression is usually used when you want to say that something is acceptable or it could be worse. It's used in colloquial speach only. I.e.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Как работа? Как зарплата?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Жить можно! &lt;em&gt;(means that the salary is not that high, but average)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Много работы? &lt;em&gt;(Do you have much work to do?)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Да, но жить можно. &lt;em&gt;(Yes, but I'll manage it.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Как жизнь? &lt;em&gt;(How are you?)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Ничего, жить можно. &lt;em&gt;(Quite fine.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes it is used ironically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4633" LastEditorUserId="8109" LastEditDate="2019-03-17T22:33:50.917" LastActivityDate="2019-03-17T22:33:50.917" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7625" CreationDate="2014-11-18T21:04:23.730" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dypjt.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The slogan is a double entendre: &quot;beasts&quot; could mean Nazi tanks named after animals (&quot;Tiger&quot;, &quot;Panther&quot; etc., as shown on the poster) as well as Nazi themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The author could use a synecdoche (&quot;one instead of many&quot;) and say &lt;em&gt;бей немецкого зверя&lt;/em&gt;, but this way the first meaning would be lost: you should not just kill many beasts, but many types of beasts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T21:04:23.730" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7551" CreationDate="2014-11-18T21:13:41.997" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can help (russian myself). Correct form is &lt;em&gt;оканчивать&lt;/em&gt;, but even russians  often don't see the difference and say &lt;em&gt;заканчивать&lt;/em&gt;. Only purists pay attention to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From russian-russian dictionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;оканчивать&lt;/em&gt; 1. Приводить к концу; завершать, заканчивать. &lt;strong&gt;2. Завершать обучение в каком-либо учебном заведении или на курсе, в классе.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;заканчивать&lt;/em&gt; Доводить до конца; оканчивать, завершать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4636" LastActivityDate="2014-11-18T21:13:41.997" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7609" CreationDate="2014-11-19T13:13:28.117" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Теоретически от &quot;связывать&quot;  страдательный залог (аналогичный) будет &quot;связываемый&quot;. Может быть и можно сказать &quot;связуемый&quot; (чисто грамматически) но спел-чекер подчеркивает :D &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для наказывать будет &quot;наказываемый&quot;, как я понимаю, хотя, классика жанра &quot;Не наказуемо!&quot;(с), но это из другой оперы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4591" LastActivityDate="2014-11-19T13:13:28.117" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7631" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7632" CreationDate="2014-11-19T13:44:49.563" Score="3" ViewCount="358" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется, что у настоящего и будущего времени для слова &quot;обследую(т)&quot; одинаковая форма.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так ли это?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как правильно указать желаемое время?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastEditorUserId="3819" LastEditDate="2019-12-26T19:45:49.803" LastActivityDate="2019-12-26T19:45:49.803" Title="Как правильно указать время для &quot;обследую&quot;?" Tags="&lt;словоприменение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7631" CreationDate="2014-11-19T14:13:24.217" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Всё верно. Есть ряд глаголов (в основном, на &lt;em&gt;-овать&lt;/em&gt;), которые в зависимости от контекста передают совершенный или несовершенный вид, как то:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;атаковать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;стартовать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;даровать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;образовать&lt;/em&gt; (to constitute, to form)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;организовать&lt;/em&gt; (to organize)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;афишировать, телеграфировать, механизировать&lt;/em&gt; and some other verbs&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;жениться&lt;/em&gt; (when a man marries a woman, not when they both &quot;marry&quot; each other)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;казнить&lt;/em&gt; (to execute a person)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;ранить&lt;/em&gt; (to wound)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;исследовать&lt;/em&gt; (to explore, to do research, to examine)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;использовать&lt;/em&gt; (to use)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;заимствовать&lt;/em&gt; (to borrow)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У таких глаголов личная форма передаёт либо настоящее, либо будущее время, в зависимости от контекста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Short summary in English: yes, there is a small number of verbs in Russian that act for perfective or imperfective depending on the context (typically they end in &lt;em&gt;-овать&lt;/em&gt;, but not all of them are like that). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, their conjugated form can mean present or future tense depending on your situation. If it is not clear in conversation or writing which time you might refer to, use additional adverbs of time or adverbial phrases to show that. Usually it is not necessary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2014-11-19T16:04:51.573" LastActivityDate="2014-11-19T16:04:51.573" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7631" CreationDate="2014-11-19T14:18:37.720" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could use adverb to specify present tense explicitly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пациента &lt;strong&gt;сейчас&lt;/strong&gt; обследуют.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As it was stated correctly in comments, even this sentence can refer to &lt;em&gt;nearest future&lt;/em&gt;. So you can specify present tense even more explicitly (this should leave no doubts):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пациента обследуют &lt;strong&gt;в данный момент&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or use passive voice to specify future tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пациент &lt;strong&gt;будет обследован.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="4600" LastEditDate="2014-11-20T12:42:34.080" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T12:42:34.080" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="463" CreationDate="2014-11-19T15:06:39.143" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Иди на..&quot; implies general recommendation like a kind of status within the context that provokes the curse or like an advice to keep the subject away from the speaker.&#xA;&quot;Пошел на..&quot; expresses stronger imperative, more like a request for immediate action to terminate the irritating subject like &quot;do it now&quot;. Sometimes used when speaker feels that his/her previous &quot;иди на..&quot; curse is being ignored but this time in conjunction with stronger (more offensive) direction.&#xA;&quot;Пошел на..&quot; is more aggressive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4645" LastActivityDate="2014-11-19T15:06:39.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7635" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7609" CreationDate="2014-11-19T17:16:04.897" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those words are Church Slavonic borrowings, derived from CS &lt;em&gt;сказовати&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;испытовати&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;связовати&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Vostokov's &lt;em&gt;Русская Грамматика&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Некоторые глаголы сего отделения на &lt;em&gt;-ывать&lt;/em&gt; принимают в первой отрасли двоякое окончание: &lt;em&gt;-ываю&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;-yю&lt;/em&gt; или &lt;em&gt;-у&amp;#x301;ю&lt;/em&gt;. Таковы суть: &lt;em&gt;испове&amp;#x301;дываю&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;испове&amp;#x301;дую&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;пропове&amp;#x301;дываю&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;пропове&amp;#x301;дую&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;испы&amp;#x301;тываю&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;испыту&amp;#x301;ю&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ука&amp;#x301;зываю&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;указу&amp;#x301;ю&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ска&amp;#x301;зываю&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;сказу&amp;#x301;ю&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;свя&amp;#x301;зываю&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;связу&amp;#x301;ю&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;обя&amp;#x301;зываю&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;обязу&amp;#x301;ю&lt;/em&gt;. Последнее окончание принадлежит важной речи и имеет в церковном Словенском языке соответствующее ceбе окончание второй отрасли &lt;em&gt;-овал&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-oвaть&lt;/em&gt;, вместо &lt;em&gt;-ывал&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-ывать&lt;/em&gt;; напр. &lt;em&gt;пропове&amp;#x301;довати&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;испы&amp;#x301;товати&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ска&amp;#x301;зовати&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;свя&amp;#x301;зовати&lt;/em&gt; и пр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also an opposite example: CS had &lt;em&gt;завѣдовати&lt;/em&gt;, while Russian had &lt;em&gt;заведывать&lt;/em&gt;. Until quite recently, the CS form and the proper Russian form were used in parallel, and the Russian form and its derivatives (&lt;em&gt;заведывающий&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;заведываю&lt;/em&gt; etc.) had been prevalent for some time (early XX century).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, nowadays the CS form (&lt;em&gt;заведовать&lt;/em&gt;) is used, and the Russian form is perceived as archaic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2014-11-20T12:09:18.653" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T12:09:18.653" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6742" CreationDate="2014-11-20T00:36:06.357" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can subscribe to ETV.net or BestRussianTV.com. They have live TV, recorded programs and movies. When listening, don't get hung up on trying to understand every word. Just try to pick up the key words. That's what we do anyway, in our own language. We fill in the gaps from knowing the context of the situation. When watching news, on e.g., Russia 24 or Kanal 5 (Сейчас) start out by reading the headlines at the bottom of the screen, observing the location of a video story (usually they tell you in the upper left-hand corner where the story takes place.It's a little known fact that TV and newspapers only have eight basic stories--the plane/train/ship disaster, the terrible auto accidents, etc. The same vocabulary is used repeatedly since the stories are repeated with different details. You can't help but pick up the vocabulary of auto accidents after so many video stories. Finally, I find it helpful to watch Russian movies with accurate Russian subtitles (not automatic subtitles). On Youtube there are some Russian movies (usually tear-jerkers) with accurate Russian subtitles. e.g., 'Мой Грех', 'Пряники из Карточки','Водитель для Веры'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3847" LastEditorUserId="3847" LastEditDate="2014-12-26T11:44:08.033" LastActivityDate="2014-12-26T11:44:08.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7625" CreationDate="2014-11-20T08:13:05.467" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not genitive, it's animate accusative. Or, if you like, it's a historical genitive that's considered accusative for all intents and purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The animate/inanimate distinction affects all nouns in the plural, and masculine ones (other than the ones ending in -а/-я) in the singular. Humans and animals are grammatically animate. Plants and microorganisms aren't. A curious situation exists with words for dead people; мертвец and покойник are animate while труп isn't, and neither is призрак &quot;ghost&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If that seems complicated, the good news is that the only expression of the animate/inanimate distinction is the one you're asking about; the accusative case of animate nouns coincides with the genitive rather than the nominative. Adjectives attached to an animate noun in the accusative also inherit the &quot;technically genitive&quot; case ending. That's all. (A number of other Slavic languages, such as Czech, have more complicated animate/inanimate distinctions, which also affect the nominative plural.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T08:13:05.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7555" CreationDate="2014-11-20T20:12:57.760" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Добавлю к верно сказанному выше, что следует помнить, что наличие &quot;не-&quot; в начале не всегда есть отрицательные приставка, ибо есть, скажем, &quot;недо-&quot;, которое приводит в том числе к глаголам, которые могут начинаться с &quot;не&quot;, как, например, &quot;недоедать&quot; в значении &quot;есть маловато&quot; (в противоположность &quot;не доедать&quot;, если имеется в виду &quot;не доесть что-то&quot;).&#xA;Часть слов не употребляется без &quot;не&quot; не по немного менее очевидной причине, что это не &quot;не-&quot;, а часть &quot;недо-&quot;, которое нельзя изъять из слова частично. И слова &quot;недотёпа&quot;, &quot;недотрах&quot;, &quot;недопонимание&quot; и прочие тому пример.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4654" LastActivityDate="2014-11-20T20:12:57.760" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7641" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-21T10:07:57.650" Score="5" ViewCount="371" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does &quot;korobchil&quot; mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From this song: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JfLeHdTDhUg&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JfLeHdTDhUg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4657" LastActivityDate="2014-11-21T10:27:28.883" Title="What does &quot;korobchil&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7641" CreationDate="2014-11-21T10:27:28.883" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чичен молодой в озере купался,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Русску девку коробчил, без штанов остался.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is a verb from a Cossack dialect, &lt;code&gt;коробчить / карабчить&lt;/code&gt;, it means &quot;to steal; to deceive&quot;. There's another possible explanation, the word can be &lt;code&gt;коропчить&lt;/code&gt; derived from &lt;code&gt;короп&lt;/code&gt; (carp), then it means &quot;to fish, to catch carp&quot;, this fits the song in a better way, the young Chechen used his trousers as a fishing net and lost them.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-11-21T10:27:28.883" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7583" CreationDate="2014-11-21T13:34:02.683" Score="-6" Body="&lt;p&gt;экспрешн-стэйтмент (I know C++, Russian and English, unlike the other poster)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4658" LastActivityDate="2014-11-21T13:34:02.683" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7644" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7648" CreationDate="2014-11-21T13:54:48.730" Score="7" ViewCount="301" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw this use of the participle &lt;strong&gt;стоящий&lt;/strong&gt; in the following passage and wondered it if common or even correct, since it so closely follows English syntax and somehow doesn't &quot;feel&quot; Russian to me for several reasons, least of which is the fact that I always thought participles in apposition to preceding nouns are always set off by a comma. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;После того как она сказала, что &lt;strong&gt;не помнит меня стоящего&lt;/strong&gt; в очереди&#xA;  перед ней, я предложил решить это с помощью монеты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;When she said that she &lt;strong&gt;didn't remember me being&lt;/strong&gt; ahead of her in the line, I suggested we toss a coin for it.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; correct, how productive is the pattern? Can it be used with any verb? For example, by analogy, ¿could one say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не помню тебя работающего со мной в Москве.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I don't remember you working with me in Moscow.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-11-25T15:13:30.843" Title="Use of participles in apposition with nouns" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;participle&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7644" CreationDate="2014-11-21T14:58:25.387" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You will probably be understood, but, yep — just as you think, this pattern sounds funny to a modern speaker. I am not sure it was ever used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rather than say &lt;em&gt;Я не помню тебя работающего(работающим) со мной в Москве.&lt;/em&gt; a native speaker would use &lt;em&gt;Я не помню, чтобы ты работал со мной в Москве.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The participle pattern is used when you refer to perceiving &lt;strong&gt;a person&lt;/strong&gt; who was doing some action:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я увидел человека, стоящего на углу = &lt;em&gt;I saw a man (who was) standing at the corner.&lt;/em&gt; (→ probably there were other people but you are talking about the one who was at the corner)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it is not used to refer to the &lt;strong&gt;action&lt;/strong&gt; that was being performed. That's why it sounds weird: a pronoun is understood as a reference to one and one possible object only (aka antecedent). There is no &quot;me being ahead&quot; and some other &quot;me doing homework&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, I am not sure it is incorrect per se, but definitely not common other than when used exactly to sound funny/foreign. The most correct interpretation of &quot;не помнит меня стоящего в очереди перед ней&quot; would be &quot;does not remeber me (who were ahead of here in the line)&quot; . However, since the past tense used in modern Russian was essentially a past participle in Old East Slavic, there is a chance such wording could have been in use (which would have been a thousand years ago anyway).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD: I looked it up. This structure is grammatical but archaic. It is found in literature (especially a century and more old). Not so much in real life. So it makes no sense to use it unless you &lt;em&gt;specifically&lt;/em&gt; aim for an arhaic feel and are ready to supply you writing with appropriate vocabulary, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-11-21T17:53:16.267" LastActivityDate="2014-11-21T17:53:16.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7646" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7644" CreationDate="2014-11-21T14:59:14.507" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this should be used with a comma:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;После того как она сказала, что не помнит меня**,** стоящего в очереди перед ней...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grammatically correct would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;После того как она сказала, что не помнит меня &lt;strong&gt;стоящим&lt;/strong&gt; в очереди перед ней...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;После того как она сказала, что не помнит, &lt;strong&gt;чтобы я стоял&lt;/strong&gt; в очереди перед ней...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastActivityDate="2014-11-21T14:59:14.507" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7647" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-21T15:03:57.173" Score="10" ViewCount="755" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какой перевод с Англ. термина work item наиболее интуитивен и наиболее популярен среди продвинутых в IT-технологиях Русскоязычных людей? Например среди программистов и других сотрудников IT-компаний.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ближайшим переводом на мой (иностранный) взгляд является &quot;задача&quot;. К сожалению в контексте термин work items используется как обобщающий для tasks, bug reports, suggestions и т.д., где tasks уже переводится как &quot;задача&quot;. Получается конфликт например в предложении &quot;Work items that are meant for internal purposes are called tasks.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4659" LastActivityDate="2015-10-25T14:14:28.440" Title="Перевод &quot;work item&quot; в компьютерной терминологии" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="10" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7644" CreationDate="2014-11-21T15:27:48.790" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I don't remember you working with me in Moscow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case you can only use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не помню, чтобы ты работал со мной в Москве.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не помню, что ты работал со мной в Москве.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Former means more negative attitude (statement that you did not work with me). The later means just that I do not remember.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be better illustrated if we omit the negative particle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я помню тебя работающего со мной в Москве. = I remember you when you were working in Moscow. I remember the expression on your&#xA;  face and how you were looking then and how you looked and behaved overall and how you dressed, and what were you habits, your character and overall what a man you were at the time. Note, this implyes that you became different since then! &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Example:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Я помню тебя работающего со мной в Москве, ты тогда был очень весёлым и одевался очень стильно.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я помню тебя работающим со мной в Москве. = I remember the exact moment when you were working, when performing a task, doing a job exactly in the process. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Example:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Я помню тебя только работающим. Ты вообще когда-нибудь отдыхал, когда был в Москве?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я помню, что ты работал со мной в Москве. = I remember the fact that you worked with me in Moscow, and nothing more. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я помню, как ты работал со мной в Москве. = I remember you working&#xA;  with me in Moscow (I remember you day-by-day and common tasks we&#xA;  were doing and what we accomplished together)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you can see that if you say &quot;Я не помню тебя работающего со мной в Москве.&quot; the meaning would different from what you intend. It would mean &quot;I do not remember what a person you were when you were working with me in Moscow, your face, your mood etc.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты говоришь, что ты тогда был очень веселым. Возможно, но я не помню&#xA;  тебя работающего в Москве. = You said you were very joyful at the time. Maybe, but I do not remember you when you were working with me in Moscow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe I remember the fact, but no your look in the process. For instance you can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я помню, что ты работал со мной в Москве, но тебя работающего не&#xA;  помню. = I remember that you worked with me in Moscow, but I haven't meet you at workplace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я помню, что ты работал со мной в Москве, но тебя работающим не&#xA;  помню. = I remember that you worked with me in Moscow, maybe I saw you at workplace, but I haven't seen you working, performing the tasks (rather than talking, joking, entertaining yourself).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, if you add a comma you come to a completely different meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не помню тебя, работающего со мной в Москве = I do not remember you, who is working with me in Moscow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-11-25T15:13:30.843" LastActivityDate="2014-11-25T15:13:30.843" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7649" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7647" CreationDate="2014-11-21T18:04:16.010" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Microsoft and several other companies translate it as &lt;em&gt;рабочий элемент&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;элемент работы&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me, the most intuitive translation would be &lt;em&gt;дело&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;сделал одно дело — берись за другое&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2014-11-21T18:04:16.010" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7579" CreationDate="2014-11-21T20:46:06.597" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apart from commas and periods, there's a great difference in the use of other punctuation signs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Quotation marks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Собака» – это имя существительное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Dog&quot; is a noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Also note the dash used to mark a pause.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/rules/?rub=znapr&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Direct speech punctuation&lt;/a&gt;, especially the colon, the dash, and the position of the comma outside of the quotation marks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он крикнул: «Беги!»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He shouted, ‘Run!’&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Беги!» – крикнул он.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;‘Run!’ he shouted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Она не придёт», – сказал Олег. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;‘She won't come,’ said Oleg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-11-21T20:46:06.597" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-12-04T16:28:00.620" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7651" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7663" CreationDate="2014-11-22T03:44:56.767" Score="6" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need a comma here before the word &quot;было&quot;?:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Oдному Богу известно, насколько подлинным, а не показным, было моё смирение&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2014-11-22T10:55:27.900" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T19:59:22.367" Title="Do I need a comma after an opposite alternative presented by &quot;а не ...&quot; phrase in a complex sentence?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7651" CreationDate="2014-11-22T11:38:04.577" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you do not need a comma before &quot;было&quot;.&#xA;It is a сложноподчинённое предложение, where main part = &quot;Одному Богу известно&quot;, dependent part = &quot;насколько подлинным, а не показным было моё смирение&quot;. This implies that the comma before &quot;насколько&quot; is needed.&#xA;The comma before &quot;а не&quot; is needed because words &quot;подлинным&quot; и &quot;показным&quot; are opposed by &quot;а не&quot;.&#xA;But no other commas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4654" LastActivityDate="2014-11-22T11:38:04.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7654" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7655" CreationDate="2014-11-22T12:57:59.133" Score="7" ViewCount="608" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I understand it, using the 2nd person ending already makes &lt;strong&gt;скажите&lt;/strong&gt; polite. Is the form &lt;strong&gt;подскажите&lt;/strong&gt; both more polite AND formal? Or do they say the same thing, in the same register, with a different choice of words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-11-25T01:22:07.327" Title="скажите vs подскажите" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7654" CreationDate="2014-11-22T13:16:01.180" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those are two different verbs, sometimes they can be used interchangeably, but in most cases they cannot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;сказать&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;say, tell&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;подсказать&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;prompt, suggest&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usage of the two verbs intersects when you ask someone to tell you some information, such as phone numbers, the way to a place, people's names, etc. In such case either verb can be used, usually with &lt;strong&gt;пожалуйста&lt;/strong&gt; since you're asking for a favor. And, at least as for me, they are equally polite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Скажите/Подскажите, как пройти в библиотеку?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Will you tell me the way to the library?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the rest of situations, the two verbs are as interchangeable as their English counterparts I listed above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-11-22T13:16:01.180" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7647" CreationDate="2014-11-22T15:16:35.397" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?CL=1&amp;amp;s=work%20item&amp;amp;l1=1&quot;&gt;Словарь&lt;/a&gt; предлагает, в числе прочих, вариант &lt;code&gt;единица работы&lt;/code&gt;. На мой взгляд, более внятно, чем &lt;code&gt;рабочий элемент&lt;/code&gt;, который ассоциируется больше с (электро)техникой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4336" LastActivityDate="2014-11-22T15:16:35.397" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7657" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7658" CreationDate="2014-11-22T18:36:18.610" Score="9" ViewCount="350" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's take two example sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот пара ребят. &lt;strong&gt;Они&lt;/strong&gt; братья. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот пара предложений, которые я выписал в тетрадь. &lt;strong&gt;Это&lt;/strong&gt; упражнения. Я выписал их из учебника.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why can't we say: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот пара предложений, которые я выписал в тетрадь. &lt;strong&gt;Они&lt;/strong&gt; упражнения. Я выписал их из учебника.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1884" LastActivityDate="2014-11-25T18:59:28.950" Title="&quot;Они братья&quot; but &quot;Это упражнения&quot; - why different pronouns?" Tags="&lt;местоимения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7658" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7657" CreationDate="2014-11-22T18:54:11.207" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian like in English, you can use two kinds of constructions to name an object, &quot;He is a man&quot; and &quot;This is a man&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He is a man. - Он мужчина. [1]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This is a man. - Это мужчина. [2]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is, construction [2] in Russian will always begin with &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; irrespective of the number of the objects:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This is a man. - Это мужчина. [2]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;These are men. - Это мужчины. [2]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, in Russian, you cannot use construction [1] to name non-living things and most animals, too. In this case in English you will have &lt;strong&gt;it/they&lt;/strong&gt; in construction [1], in Russian it will again be &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; irrespective of the number of the objects:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is a sentence. [1] - Это предложение. [2]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They are sentences. [1] - Это предложения. [2]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2014-11-22T19:00:59.927" LastActivityDate="2014-11-22T19:00:59.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7657" CreationDate="2014-11-24T18:10:16.053" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот пара предложений, которые я выписал в тетрадь. &lt;strong&gt;Это&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;lt;есть&amp;gt; упражнения. (They are exercises)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот пара предложений, которые я выписал в тетрадь. &lt;strong&gt;Они&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;lt;есть&amp;gt; короткие. (They are short)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the personal pronoun &lt;strong&gt;они&lt;/strong&gt; is perfectly correct in the latter case, you will predominantly encounter this usage where a quality (or an action) of the subject for which the pronoun substitutes is described. The former case, on the other hand, tends to be used where the substituted subject is (re)defined. This usage of &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; is so widespread that this demonstrative pronoun is said to not only reply to the questions &lt;strong&gt;Какое?&lt;/strong&gt; (where it is translated as &lt;strong&gt;this&lt;/strong&gt;) but also to the question &lt;strong&gt;Что это?&lt;/strong&gt; (where it then means &lt;strong&gt;it (is)&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, in constructs like &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;упражнения&lt;/em&gt; the pronoun &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; serves as a personal pronoun rather than a demonstrative one. As has already been said, in its personal pronoun incarnation &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; is much more often substituted for inanimate, rather than animate subjects and its plural form coincides with its singular one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Видишь этих людей? Они инженеры. - Do you see these people? They are engineers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Это инженеры&lt;/em&gt; would be also perfectly correct, however!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Видишь эти предметы? Это стулья. - Do you see these objects? They are chairs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Они стулья&lt;/em&gt; would sound terribly weird as if someone cursed people into the shape of chairs)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-11-25T18:59:28.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7654" CreationDate="2014-11-24T18:50:55.277" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Over the last 30-40 years &lt;em&gt;подскажите&lt;/em&gt; has become widespread and almost totally replaced &lt;em&gt;скажите&lt;/em&gt; in requests for help. Before that &lt;em&gt;подсказать&lt;/em&gt; was used to describe a rather limited number of situations where verbal help was requested or offered: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To quietly whisper a hint in a class.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To remind one of something one used to (or is supposed to) know but forgets, to refresh one's memory.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When asking for help, saying &lt;em&gt;Скажите, пожалуйста&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Не скажете (ли)?&lt;/em&gt; sounds to my old-fashioned ear much more polite, educated and well-mannered than &lt;em&gt;Подскажите, пожалуйста&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Не подскажете?&lt;/em&gt; which bear a vague but undoubted colloquial shade. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T18:50:55.277" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7651" CreationDate="2014-11-24T19:59:22.367" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;После последнего однородного члена предложения, присоединяемого противительным или подчинительным союзом и не заканчивающего собой предложения, запятая не ставится (т. е. последний однородный член не обособляется): &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не род, а ум&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;поставлю в воеводы (П.); Каждый вечер солнце садилось&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;в море, а не в тучи&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;и было при этом клюквенного цвета (Ю. К.); Они получили&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;небольшую, но удобную&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;квартиру; Поставлена&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;трудная, зато интересная&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;задача; Слышалась&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;жалобная, если не униженная&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;просьба пощадить его самолюбие; В кинофильме рассказывается о&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;первой, пусть неразделённой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;любви; Получены&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;важные, хотя и не итоговые&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;сведения; У девочки&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;опасная, потому что заразная&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;болезнь.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Д. Э. Розенталь&#xA;СПРАВОЧНИК ПО РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ: ОРФОГРАФИЯ И ПУНКТУАЦИЯ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T19:59:22.367" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7644" CreationDate="2014-11-24T20:11:53.587" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я запомнил её сидящ&lt;strong&gt;ей&lt;/strong&gt; у окна с чашкой чая в руке&lt;/em&gt; would sound distinctly &quot;literary&quot; but entirely grammatically correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The example in the question is indeed not correct. In fact, it does look like a poor quality translation from English made by someone whose Russian is wanting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2014-11-24T20:11:53.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7654" CreationDate="2014-11-25T01:22:07.327" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would tend to agree with Avi Gordon's answer. Originally &lt;code&gt;подскажите&lt;/code&gt; is not supposed to ask, &quot;how can I get there?&quot; for example. But some people, especially women, tend to use this word in various situations. For me it sounds a little bit gay, if I hear &quot;не подскажете, сколько сейчас время?&quot; from a man. However, I hear it from a woman quite often. So I personally would never say like that and would only use this word where it is adequate, and that means, only in rare specific situation, for example: I must tell a poem which I have learned by heart in a class and someone whispers me hints. Then the teacher says: &quot;не надо подсказывать!&quot;. Probably I would accept this word in other grammatical construction, like &quot;подскажите хороший ресторан&quot; which is a worse (kind of travestied) variant of &quot;посоветуйте хороший ресторан&quot; and it's used (not by me) rather in a situation where someone must choose from some options and can't make his mind, or just forgot something (which day is it for example) and need a quick hint.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4674" LastActivityDate="2014-11-25T01:22:07.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7657" CreationDate="2014-11-25T03:02:41.410" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, those examples are quite strange indeed. I suppose those sentences have some connection, otherwise the first example wouldn't have much sence. Your second example is grammatically correct but it is something like: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I stare at the golden coins on my table. **These are** the coins. I've put them on the table.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sounds like a talk of a slightly mad man. And the third example is total nonsence, it is like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I stare at the coins on my table. **They are** the coins...&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't believe you can say &quot;they are the coins&quot; in English. In Russian it's similar, also you don't have to distinguish between singular/plural, so in Russian it is just like if you literally could say &quot;it's a coin&quot; - &quot;это монета&quot; or &quot;it's coins&quot; - &quot;это монеты&quot;, so it is even simpler than in English. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4674" LastActivityDate="2014-11-25T03:02:41.410" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7667" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7669" CreationDate="2014-11-25T18:22:53.750" Score="3" ViewCount="552" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это означает место где находятся «записи» (акты) или может действие, «записывание»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4681" LastActivityDate="2014-11-25T18:31:18.883" Title="Что именно означает слово «запись» в сокращении «ЗАГС»?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7667" CreationDate="2014-11-25T18:30:05.687" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Второе. Слово &lt;code&gt;запись&lt;/code&gt; в данном случае совпадает с &lt;code&gt;записывание&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4620" LastActivityDate="2014-11-25T18:30:05.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7667" CreationDate="2014-11-25T18:31:18.883" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Запись&quot; здесь означает глагол, &quot;записывание&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сокращение произошло от названия, в котором было слово &quot;Отдел&quot;: &quot;Отдел записи актов гражданского состояния&quot;. Но аббревиатура ОЗАГС, хотя и используется, встречается реже (см.: &lt;a href=&quot;http://yandex.ru/yandsearch?&amp;amp;text=%D0%9E%D0%97%D0%90%D0%93%D0%A1&quot;&gt;http://yandex.ru/yandsearch?&amp;amp;text=%D0%9E%D0%97%D0%90%D0%93%D0%A1&lt;/a&gt; )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чаще &quot;Отдел ЗАГС&quot; или просто &quot;ЗАГС&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4682" LastActivityDate="2014-11-25T18:31:18.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7670" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-11-25T20:03:12.067" Score="5" ViewCount="321" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the etymology of the Russian word приставка?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4683" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2014-11-26T01:49:15.980" LastActivityDate="2014-11-26T14:23:03.313" Title="What is the etymology of the Russian word приставка?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7671" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7673" CreationDate="2014-11-25T21:22:33.720" Score="4" ViewCount="409" Body="&lt;p&gt;Что это такое &quot;война из-за угла&quot;?&#xA;Чем она отличается от герильи или партизанской войны?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE #1:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Выражение из книги для детей, в переводе с французского:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Война из-за угла, это другая форма войны без больших сражений. Ее участники действуют скрытно, неожиданно атакуют или совершают покушения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE #2:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;I found the original edition in French, for which the word being used is &lt;em&gt;guérilla&lt;/em&gt;. Obviously, &lt;em&gt;герилья&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;партизанская война&lt;/em&gt; would have been less ambiguous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4599" LastEditorUserId="4599" LastEditDate="2015-01-08T15:09:46.803" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T15:09:46.803" Title="What does &quot;война из-за угла&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7671" CreationDate="2014-11-25T23:57:51.960" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Никогда не слышал выражения &lt;code&gt;война из-за угла&lt;/code&gt;. Мне кажется, здесь подразумевается выражение &lt;code&gt;удар из-за угла&lt;/code&gt; — то есть, &quot;неожиданное нападение&quot;, с дополнительной негативной коннотацией &quot;подлое&quot;. Выражение &lt;code&gt;война из-за угла&lt;/code&gt; без контекста понять трудно, но, скорее всего, имеется в виду война, начатая неожиданно, воспринимаемая говорящим как подлая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4620" LastActivityDate="2014-11-25T23:57:51.960" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7671" CreationDate="2014-11-26T01:40:56.010" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Примеры:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Беспилотники: война из-за угла. ... На этом фоне немецкие СМИ сообщили о возможном использовании Пентагоном своих баз в Германии для нанесения ракетных ударов с боевых беспилотных летательных аппаратов по «не афишируемым целям» в суверенных странах.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  (&lt;a href=&quot;http://newsradio.com.ua/rus/2013_06_07/Bespilotniki-vojna-iz-za-ugla/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://newsradio.com.ua/rus/2013_06_07/Bespilotniki-vojna-iz-za-ugla/&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Гибридная война - война из-за угла и подворотни&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://ehorussia.com/new/node/9092&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://ehorussia.com/new/node/9092&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Война ПОДЛАЯ! война ИСПОДТИШКА! война ИЗ-ЗА УГЛА!&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.charter97.org/en/news/2014/5/24/99815/comments/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.charter97.org/en/news/2014/5/24/99815/comments/&lt;/a&gt;) (по мнению автора, Россия засылает войска в/на Украину, публично заявляя о своей непричастности) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вывод: война из-за угла - это подлая война исподтишка: страна фактически ведёт военные действия против другой страны, но или отрицает это, или пострадавшая страна не знает, кто ведёт против неё военные действия, а то и вообще не знает о военных действиях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2014-11-26T10:28:25.240" LastActivityDate="2014-11-26T10:28:25.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7647" CreationDate="2014-11-26T05:28:56.960" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In that case Рабочая деятельность seems to be the closest translation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4687" LastActivityDate="2014-11-26T05:28:56.960" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7670" CreationDate="2014-11-26T14:00:39.830" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word is coined (apparently) by Vostokov in his &lt;em&gt;Русская Грамматика&lt;/em&gt;, 1830.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Preceding authors, including Gretsch who published &lt;em&gt;Пространная русская грамматика&lt;/em&gt; just three years earlier, in 1827, did not differentiate prefixes and prepositions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word itself is a not so good calque from Latin &quot;prefix&quot;. A more exact term would have been &lt;em&gt;представка&lt;/em&gt; which had been in limited use for some time, but has not settled down. The word &lt;em&gt;приставка&lt;/em&gt; already existed in Russian by that time with the meaning &quot;appendage, lace&quot;, that's probably why it was chosen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other similarly formed terms, like &quot;suffix&quot;, &quot;infix&quot; etc., had been just borrowed into Russian rather than calqued.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2014-11-26T14:23:03.313" LastActivityDate="2014-11-26T14:23:03.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7678" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7695" CreationDate="2014-11-26T17:07:09.957" Score="3" ViewCount="1908" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мать разговаривает с дочерью:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... Я скажу отцу, он назначит день, придут его родители, попросят твоей руки...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  – &lt;strong&gt;Ох, уж эта мне патриархальность&lt;/strong&gt;! Да пойми, мне не нужны никакие сваты, родители.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что значит фраза &lt;em&gt;Ох, уж это [имя существительное]&lt;/em&gt;? Это что-то в роде &lt;em&gt;вот какая [имя существительное]&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4681" LastEditorUserId="4681" LastEditDate="2014-11-28T18:35:51.453" LastActivityDate="2015-01-10T20:15:35.010" Title="Фраза «Ох, уж это...»" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7415" CreationDate="2014-11-26T17:22:59.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Пожалуйста, выполните вход» is widely used in this sense. «Залогиниться» is too informal, «авторизоваться» is a correct form but non-native.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4693" LastActivityDate="2014-11-26T17:22:59.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7678" CreationDate="2014-11-26T17:25:04.633" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Dislikes these patriarchal manners&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4694" LastActivityDate="2014-11-26T17:25:04.633" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7678" CreationDate="2014-11-26T17:57:28.217" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's something like 'Oh, that [...] has eaten out my brains/has aroused my indignation'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, &lt;code&gt;Ох, уж эта мне [...]!&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;Damned be [...]!&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2014-11-26T17:57:28.217" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7678" CreationDate="2014-11-27T08:25:48.717" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ох&quot; is part of the idiom too, while the &quot;мне&quot; bit is optional. The comma between &quot;ох&quot; and &quot;уж&quot; is unnecessary since it's a set phrase. Someone was hypercorrective about their punctuation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Its precise meaning is to point to something being repeatedly/notoriously obnoxious or frustrating. It's a little dated — more like something people would say in the 20th century or earlier — but not really obsolete; it's become (or is perhaps in the process of becoming) one of those Russian colloquialisms that are used with self-aware facetiousness, rather than truly spontaneously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2014-11-27T08:25:48.717" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7647" CreationDate="2014-11-27T09:16:48.650" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Можно использовать просто &quot;работа&quot;. Некоторые обсуждения этого варианта можно посмотреть в комментариях к вопросу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3498" LastActivityDate="2014-11-27T09:16:48.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7684" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7685" CreationDate="2014-11-27T22:55:58.903" Score="8" ViewCount="933" Body="&lt;p&gt;Никак не могу разобраться от какого слова происходит «Заседание». Еще есть «Председатель», у которого тот же корень. Вроде бы само мероприятие подразумевает что некоторый круг лиц будет что-то обсуждать, и скорее всего сидя, так как обсуждение обычно идет продолжительное время. Чувствуется некоторая связь с английским словом &quot;Chairman&quot; в плане логики происхождения. Но мне не понятно почему в таком случае вместо корня «Сид» от слова «Сидеть» используется неизвестно откуда взявшийся «Сед». Не разъясните его происхождения?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastActivityDate="2014-11-28T00:26:57.900" Title="Корень слова «Заседание» и связь со словом «Сидеть»" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7684" CreationDate="2014-11-28T00:26:57.900" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Заседание&quot; и &quot;председатель&quot; — это кальки с &quot;sessio&quot; и &quot;praesidens&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается корня, это -сид- &quot;неизвестно откуда взявшийся&quot;, исходная форма корня как раз -сед- (точнее, -сѣд-). Про &quot;неизвестно откуда&quot; читаем у Фасмера: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.classes.ru/all-russian/russian-dictionary-Vasmer-term-11954.htm&quot;&gt;Вост.-слав. *сидѣти из *sěděti, где i получено в результате ассимиляции во 2 л. ед. sědiši, 3 л. ед. sěditь и т. д.&lt;/a&gt; Поэтому логично, что &quot;е&quot; сохраняется в глаголах первого спряжения, где никакое [i] не влияет: &quot;заседать&quot;, &quot;приседать&quot;, &quot;наседать&quot; и т.д., точно так же, как &quot;сосед&quot;, &quot;седло&quot; и &quot;село&quot;, где ровно тот же корень (в случае &quot;села&quot; — исторически). Так что тут даже индоевропейский аблаут ни при чем. (А &quot;при чем&quot; он, например, в корне -сад- — &quot;садиться&quot;, &quot;осадок&quot;, ну и собственно &quot;сад&quot;; это праиндоевропейская o-ступень *sod-.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2014-11-28T00:26:57.900" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7686" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7479" CreationDate="2014-11-28T03:47:43.817" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've sometimes noticed, when listening to recordings of myself speaking, that I occasionally pronounce it as [ç], and particularly in those cases when I'm paying extra attention to my articulation. That doesn't mean that there's a &quot;correct&quot; form and a &quot;sloppy&quot; one. As the answers above have shown, native Russian speakers tend not to even be aware of the difference, and some don't quite understand what &quot;German ch&quot; you're talking about (I did immediately, but that's because I'm very fond of these small phonetical observations), so we might call it free variation. I'd say go with the [j].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2014-11-28T03:47:43.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7692" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7693" CreationDate="2014-12-01T06:20:24.057" Score="4" ViewCount="350" Body="&lt;p&gt;Утверждают, что фраза &quot;Один мужик решил заработать, и заработал&quot; имеет девять смыслов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне удалось найти четыре смысла:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Решил начать работать и начал работать.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Решил начать работать и заработал денег.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Решил заработать денег и начал работать.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Решил заработать денег и заработал денег.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Где кроются ещё пять смыслов?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-02-22T20:04:13.077" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T12:04:47.647" Title="Девятисмысленная фраза?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7693" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7692" CreationDate="2014-12-01T06:54:21.257" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Заработать носит еще смысл заработать что-то неприятное (болезнь, наказание и т.п.). &#xA;Здесь можно найти еще несколько смыслов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Решил начать работать, но в результате заработал себе болезнь.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Решил заработать денег, но заработал себе неприятности&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Решил заработать (найти) себе неприятности, но нашел работу&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Решил заработать (найти) себе неприятность, но получил деньги&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Решил заработать себе неприянтости и он именно их и заработал.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4699" LastActivityDate="2014-12-01T06:54:21.257" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7692" CreationDate="2014-12-01T07:20:31.213" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Набор значений фразы состоит из комбинации значений слова &quot;заработать&quot;. &quot;Заработать&quot; означает:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1. Заработать денег&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2. Начать работу&lt;br&gt;&#xA;3. В переносном смысле - заработать неприятности, например, удар по лицу в тёмной подворотне: &quot;Ну всё, ты заработал!&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;4. Неприятности разные бывают, заработать можно и насморк, и &lt;br&gt;&#xA;5. Прыщ на носу.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Получается 5 в квадрате = 25. К слову сказать, можно придумать фразу, дающую бОльшую степень, например: &quot;Решил заработать и заработал, но получилось только заработать&quot; - хотя, справедливости ради, там смыслов меньше, чем 5^3 = 125, ибо есть противопоставление.&#xA;Обновление: Как поправил Avi Gordon, значений у слова &quot;заработать&quot; всё-таки 3, так как 3, 4 и 5 пункты равны&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4676" LastEditorUserId="4676" LastEditDate="2014-12-03T14:28:10.073" LastActivityDate="2014-12-03T14:28:10.073" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7695" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7678" CreationDate="2014-12-01T07:40:44.813" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ох уж это мне [что-то раздражающее]&quot;, или, как вариант, &quot;Уж это мне [что-то раздражающее]&quot; (со смысловым ударением на &quot;Уж&quot;) - один из устоявшихся оборотов, произошедших из форм междометий в качестве членов предложения, стоящих в связи с другими членами: &quot;Ахти мне горемычной&quot;, &quot;Ой ли?&quot;, &quot;Увы мне, кудесник, отправляй меня назад&quot;. В данном контексте междометия &quot;ох&quot; и &quot;уж&quot; означают раздражение, неприятие, осуждение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4676" LastActivityDate="2014-12-01T07:40:44.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7647" CreationDate="2014-12-01T11:56:50.363" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;На мой взгляд, в контексте, где &quot;термин work items используется как обобщающий для tasks, bug reports, suggestions и т.д&quot;, лучше всего подойдет &quot;задание&quot;. У нас в компании &quot;элементом работы&quot; называют какую-то часть текущей задачи. Как это происходит в других компаниях - сказать не могу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4691" LastActivityDate="2014-12-01T11:56:50.363" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7697" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7647" CreationDate="2014-12-01T14:15:30.893" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While “задача” is IMO the best translation for “work item,” the aforementioned by @YellowSky “задание” perfectly translates the term “task.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether the whole text is under your control and you are free to choose terms from the scratch, I would stuck with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;task ⇒ задание&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;work item ⇒ задача&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2383" LastActivityDate="2014-12-01T14:15:30.893" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7698" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7699" CreationDate="2014-12-02T04:27:07.683" Score="8" ViewCount="407" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, we can learn whether or not a noun is feminine, but does anyone have a break-down of the percentages? I know that the majority seem to be Feminine, but what is the exact figure? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;спасибо за помощь. по-моему, просто лучше знать эту информацию, чтобы лучше угадывать, которым падежом мне надо пользоваться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2014-12-02T22:14:59.383" Title="What percentage of nouns with a мягкий знак are feminine vs. masculine" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7698" CreationDate="2014-12-02T12:18:10.583" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я протестировал слова из открытого корпуса &lt;a href=&quot;http://opencorpora.org/?page=downloads&quot;&gt;Open Corpora&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;Из 7784 слов-существительных, оканчивающихся на &quot;ь&quot;, 5632 были женского рода (72%). Список слов сохранил в &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dropbox.com/s/apbcbb8kzgzqib7/words.zip&quot;&gt;архиве&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tested words from open corpus &lt;a href=&quot;http://opencorpora.org/?page=downloads&quot;&gt;Open Corpora&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;There was 7784 noun words ending with &quot;мягкий знак&quot; and 5632 of them was feminine (72%). I saved results in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dropbox.com/s/apbcbb8kzgzqib7/words.zip&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2139" LastActivityDate="2014-12-02T12:18:10.583" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7698" CreationDate="2014-12-02T12:50:12.283" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is hard to make a judgement for all entirety of the language (one should probably do a search in a large computer dictionary or a large corpus). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, you can tackle it from the other side: which of the two you are going to encounter more often. According to frequency dictionaries, &lt;strong&gt;feminine&lt;/strong&gt; nouns are the majority of the most used &lt;em&gt;Ь-ending&lt;/em&gt; nouns (I am talking not about only the top-500, but a few thousands). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In the frequency list for spoken speech about 60%&lt;/strong&gt; of all Ь-nouns in the first 1500 most popular words (and even 3000, 5000) are feminine. It covers 62-65% of usage of such nouns (mind, though, that top-5000 list only covers about 85% of all words). Also, 16 out of 22 in the first thousand are feminine. &lt;em&gt;День, рубль, родитель, гость, учитель&lt;/em&gt; are your survival list of masculine nouns (especially &lt;em&gt;день&lt;/em&gt;, which is as popular as feminine &lt;em&gt;жизнь&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, this type of nouns is not that frequent. There are a little under 200 of Ь-ending nouns in the list of the most frequent 5000 words in spoken speech (using the spoken Russian corpus of ruscorpora.ru). It makes less than 9% of all nouns in the list. You'll make your life easier using these tricks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;feminine&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;жь, шь, щь, чь&lt;/strong&gt; ending— hushes. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ость (-есть)&lt;/strong&gt;. &quot;ост&quot; is a very popular suffix for abstract nouns (&lt;em&gt;скорость, взаимность, новость, свежесть&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;знь&lt;/strong&gt; at the end. For example: жизнь, болезнь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;треть&lt;/em&gt; (1/3) and &lt;em&gt;четверть&lt;/em&gt;(1/4) are feminine, same as other fractions of a whole (половина, пятая, шестая часть и т.д.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;masculine&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;тель&lt;/strong&gt; : a popular suffix for professions and other &quot;doers&quot;: учитель (teacher), усилитель (amplifier)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;арь&lt;/strong&gt;: словарь, Also, all &lt;strong&gt;month names&lt;/strong&gt; are masculine (though, not all of them end in -арь)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you remove suffixed nouns (учитель, словарь) and month names, common &lt;em&gt;masculine nouns in -Ь&lt;/em&gt; go as follows: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;день, рубль, гость, путь, парень, огонь, камень, ноль,&#xA;  уровень, дождь, отель, лагерь, корабль, медведь, господь, корень,&#xA;  царь, зверь, спектакль, стиль, монастырь, король, шампунь, ноготь,&#xA;  гвоздь, портфель, кашель, кошель, кисель, контроль, ремень, алкоголь,&#xA;  конь, руль, лось, гусь, пень, автомобиль, коктейль, гриль, госпиталь,&#xA;  картофель.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A really comprehensive list that covers what a learner is going to encounter up to their higher-intermediate proficiency level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. When seeing a 'suffix', think for a few seconds whether it is really a suffix. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;обитель&quot;(abode) is feminine: no suffix here. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;masculine &lt;em&gt;гость&lt;/em&gt;(guest) and feminine &lt;em&gt;кость&lt;/em&gt;(bone), obviously, don't&#xA;have the -ост- suffix. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you already have some good experience with&#xA;   Russian, try the following rule of thumb. If you remove the 'suffix',&#xA;   and rest does not really look like a stem of any word you ever learnt&#xA;   — there is a good chance it isn't. Of course, occasionally you&#xA;   encounter &lt;em&gt;зритель&lt;/em&gt; (viewer) or &lt;em&gt;председатель&lt;/em&gt; (chairman), which are&#xA;   based on more advanced vocabulary (&lt;em&gt;зрение&lt;/em&gt; 'vision' is not obscure,&#xA;   but if you fail to spot the resemblance, only archaic &lt;em&gt;зреть/узреть&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;   'to see' may help you)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2014-12-02T22:14:59.383" LastActivityDate="2014-12-02T22:14:59.383" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7701" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-02T17:15:04.747" Score="11" ViewCount="568" Body="&lt;p&gt;В русском языке сочетание &quot;в Украине&quot; используется издавна. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Господин гетман, &amp;lt;...&gt; того ради вам надлежит итти по Киева, в Украйну свою и смотреть того, о чем уже вы известны. &#xA;  &lt;em&gt;(К Мазепе)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А ныне по всем обстоятелствам идет в Украйну [чево болше не чаю для лесов]. &lt;em&gt;(К Б. Шереметьеву)&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Из писем императора Петра Великого, июль-декабрь 1708 г.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Итак, я еду в Украйну, а Вы, крокодил, остаетесь в тундре.  &lt;em&gt;(Из письма А. П. Чехова И. Леонтьеву)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Багратион долго не присоединяется (хотя в этом главная цель всех начальствующих лиц) потому, что ему кажется, что он на этом марше ставит в опасность свою армию и что выгоднее всего для него отступить левее и южнее, беспокоя с фланга и тыла неприятеля и комплектуя свою армию в Украине. &lt;em&gt;(Л.Н.Толстой.&quot;Война и мир&quot;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В текстах 18-19 века из Корпуса русского языка, сочетания &quot;в Украине&quot; и &quot;на Украине&quot; встречаются примерно одинаково часто (20 и 28 раз), и без всякой связи с политикой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;В Украине&quot; продолжало употребляться и после революции, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дошкольные учреждения охватывают детей с 3 ― 8-летнего возраста, и установленный в Украине законом прием детей в дошкольные учреждения с 4-летнего возраста обусловливается не принципиальным расхождением с РСФСР, а соображениями практического порядка.    &lt;em&gt;(Резолюция совещания наркомов просвещения СССР о системах народного просвещения. (1920-1925)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...участники «право-троцкистского блока» подготовляли повстанческие банды в Сибири, на Северном Кавказе, в Украине, Белоруссии, Узбекистане и других местностях Советского Союза. &lt;em&gt;(Из приговора Военной Коллегии Верховного Суда СССР по делу «право-троцкистского блока», 1938)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но после 1938 года употребление &quot;в Украине&quot; прекращается до 2000 года (&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=gr_created&amp;amp;out=normal&amp;amp;dpp=10&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;seed=30552&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%E2%20%F3%EA%F0%E0%E8%ED%E5&amp;amp;p=3&quot;&gt;ссылка&lt;/a&gt;), за единственным исключением &quot;Памятных записок&quot; Кагановича (1961-1991).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как и почему словосочетание &quot;в Украине&quot; вдруг исчезло?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-12-16T08:35:44.243" LastActivityDate="2019-01-16T09:37:05.423" Title="Почему с конца 30-х перестали употреблять словосочетание &quot;в Украине&quot;?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7701" CreationDate="2014-12-02T20:18:38.640" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;For 20th and 21st century the &quot;на&quot; preposition is for territories, the &quot;в&quot; - for independent countries. Your information means that since 1938 it was not understood as an independent country (and it could be understood so in the early USSR according to the USSR 1st Constitution). For Tchekhov it would not mean that yet probably, but then it became so. Simiar situation is with Cuba - if you say &quot;посол на Кубе&quot;, not &quot;посол в Кубе&quot;, you insult Cuba's independence, and some people may attack you for that (whereas others don't care).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2014-12-02T20:18:38.640" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7701" CreationDate="2014-12-02T21:10:18.177" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;С начала 20-го века, по тем же данным из корпуса, предлог &quot;в&quot; почти не используется. Пик соотношения частот употребления &quot;в Украине&quot;/&quot;на Украине&quot; в первой половине 20 века приходится на 1934 год и составляет приблизительно 5%, причем частично &quot;в&quot; используется с названием гостиницы &quot;Украина&quot;, как видно из текстов, поэтому реальное соотношение еще ниже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно предположить, что частично это связано с советской украинизацией 20-х ― 30-х гг., подробно освещенной в книге Борисенок &quot;Феномен советской украинизации&quot;. Этот процесс закончился как раз в середине 30-х (и началась борьба с буржуазным национализмом). Но это только предположение. Аргументы в пользу &quot;в&quot; ― альтернативная этимология (не от &quot;окраины&quot;) и независимая территория. Я не знаю, когда появилась альтернатавная этимология, но подозреваю, что позднее. А вот относительно независимая республика (по сравнению с дореволюционным статусом) ― это подчеркивалось, возможно, и таким образом. Это, конечно, касается только советской литературы и прессы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пара примеров в корпусе ― из Краснова и Трубецкого, которые вряд ли оглядывались на советское употребление.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Была ли какая-то директива в 30-х годах по поводу употребления предлога, мне неизвестно. Но примеров настолько мало (а еще меньше &quot;в Украину&quot;, &quot;на Украину&quot;) что статистическая значимость именно 38-го года вообще сомнительна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KTjJP.png&quot; alt=&quot;Частота на миллион словоформ, Национальный корпус русского языка&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/ngram.xml?mode=main&amp;amp;t1=%D0%B2%C2%A0%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5&amp;amp;t2=%D0%BD%D0%B0%C2%A0%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5&amp;amp;start=1800&amp;amp;end=2013&amp;amp;smoothing=3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;график на сайте корпуса&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3887" LastEditorUserId="3887" LastEditDate="2014-12-04T09:29:30.830" LastActivityDate="2014-12-04T09:29:30.830" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7704" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7708" CreationDate="2014-12-03T03:19:09.527" Score="3" ViewCount="562" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему такие разные значения у слов, произошедших от одного - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;du̯eiplom&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;сложенное вдвое&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-12-03T03:24:26.620" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T06:19:50.087" Title="Дупло и диплом, происхождение" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7705" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7826" CreationDate="2014-12-03T04:11:22.743" Score="7" ViewCount="1843" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мой учебник говорит что слово &lt;em&gt;глубь&lt;/em&gt; образовано безаффиксным способом от прилагательного &lt;em&gt;глубокий&lt;/em&gt;. Откуда они знают что произошло не наоборот? Что сначала было существительное &lt;em&gt;глубь&lt;/em&gt;, а потом появилось прилагательное &lt;em&gt;глубокий&lt;/em&gt;. Нужно ли залезать глубоко в историю русского языка, чтобы доказать это, или есть более общие и простые правила?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2306" LastEditorUserId="2306" LastEditDate="2014-12-25T05:18:50.267" LastActivityDate="2015-01-17T00:40:30.800" Title="Откуда знают что &quot;глубь&quot; произошло от &quot;глубокий&quot; а не наоборот?" Tags="&lt;словообразование&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7705" CreationDate="2014-12-03T05:02:19.070" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Действительно, &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;источники&lt;/a&gt; утверждают, что слова &lt;code&gt;глубь&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;глубина&lt;/code&gt; произошли от слова глубокий. Данное слово пришло из праславянского языка и, видимо, сначала сразу закрепилось, как прилагательное, а затем далее было образовано существительное. Узнать это можно поиском по этимологии слова. Попытки понять чисто через механизмы словообразования не всегда дают верное представление, так как образование конкретных слов зачастую действительно уходит корнями в историю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastEditorUserId="4153" LastEditDate="2014-12-30T19:11:28.790" LastActivityDate="2014-12-30T19:11:28.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7704" CreationDate="2014-12-03T08:11:27.997" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;В словаре Макса Фасмера в &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/vasmer/39300/%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE&quot;&gt;этимологии слова &quot;дупло&quot;&lt;/a&gt; не упоминается &quot;сложенное вдвое&quot;, только &quot;пустой, полый&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;дупло&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  дупло́ укр. дупло́, ст.-слав. доупина σπήλαιον (Супр.), русск.цслав. дупль &quot;пустой, полый&quot;, болг. ду́пъл &quot;полый&quot;, сербохорв. ду́пља &quot;дупло&quot;, словен. dúpǝlj &quot;полый&quot;, dúplo &quot;дупло&quot;, чеш. doupa, doupě ж. – то же, польск. dupa &quot;задница&quot;, dupel м. &quot;дупло&quot;. Другая ступень чередования: польск. dziupɫo &quot;дупло, отверстие в дереве&quot;. Родственно лтш. duplis, dupis &quot;посуда для соли или сала&quot;, ср.-в.-н. tobel &quot;углубление, лощина&quot;. Из и.-е. *dhoup- наряду с *dhoub- : *dhub- в дебрь, дно; см. Бернекер 1, 238; Брюкнер 104; М. - Э. 1, 518; Преобр. 1, 202 и сл.; Вандриес, MSL 18, 308; Торп 202.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Этимологический словарь русского языка. — М.: Прогресс. М. Р. Фасмер. 1964—1973.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-12-03T08:11:27.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7704" CreationDate="2014-12-03T14:09:59.607" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дупло&lt;/strong&gt; - это славянское слово означающее полость, или вроде того, &lt;strong&gt;диплом&lt;/strong&gt; - произошло от греческого &lt;em&gt;diploma&lt;/em&gt;. Эти слова не имеют ничего общего ни в фонетике, ни в этимологии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4718" LastActivityDate="2014-12-03T14:09:59.607" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7701" CreationDate="2014-12-03T14:53:20.517" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если проложить аналогию с предлогами с/со, к/ко, употребление которых определяется удобством произношения, то и предлоги в/на по отношению к Украине могут сменять друг друга по той же причине. Если произносить &quot;Украина&quot; с коротким &quot;У&quot;, то предлог удобнее с гласной буквой, и наоборот. Возможно, это связано с &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?lop=x&amp;amp;ag=x&amp;amp;word=%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;изменяющейся постановкой ударения&lt;/a&gt;. Так как предлоги синонимичны, то их употребление постепенно меняется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4676" LastEditorUserId="4676" LastEditDate="2019-01-16T09:37:05.423" LastActivityDate="2019-01-16T09:37:05.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7712" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7713" CreationDate="2014-12-04T23:26:24.730" Score="4" ViewCount="348" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't figure out what the speaker is trying to say in this statement with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;собрался на встречу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не могу долго говорить! Я &lt;strong&gt;собрался на встречу&lt;/strong&gt;, которая начнётся&#xA;  через пять минут. Могу я тебе перезвонить позже?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T19:36:54.523" Title="собрался на встречу" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7712" CreationDate="2014-12-05T01:15:15.793" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;собрался на встречу&lt;/code&gt; does sound a bit awkward in this context. I guess the speaker omitted a verb here to signify that they do not have time even to phrase this sentence correctly. The correct form would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; Я собрался пойти на встречу&#xA; Я собрался поехать на встречу&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where &lt;code&gt;Я собрался&lt;/code&gt; is used as &lt;code&gt;I am ready to ...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; I am ready to go to a meeting&#xA; I am about to go to a meeting&#xA; I am going into a meeting&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2273" LastEditorUserId="2273" LastEditDate="2014-12-07T03:26:28.567" LastActivityDate="2014-12-07T03:26:28.567" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7714" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7515" CreationDate="2014-12-05T07:22:15.093" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;В слове &quot;фигачить&quot; имеет место использование некого абстрактного действия с упором на работу, создание чего-либо, обработку и прочее (батрачить, мастачить, колпачить), с заменой корня на корень &quot;фиг&quot; с грубым значением. Делается это для более абстрактного, неопределённого значения и, главное, для усиления эмоциональной окраски: &quot;На фига до фига нафигачили? Расфигачивайте на фиг! - А на фига расфигачивать? Нафигачили - и фиг с ним!&quot; Ещё более грубым и эмоционально усиленным будет замена на нецензурные, матерные корни. Хорошее описание русской обсценной лексики можно найти, например, &lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.to/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;здесь&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4676" LastActivityDate="2014-12-05T07:22:15.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7434" CreationDate="2014-12-05T07:45:55.150" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a turn of speech combining the meanings of &quot;if something (unclear, misunderstood, happens, goes wrong, etc)&quot;. Russians love to use such unspecific phrases with different meanings. See also: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.ru/search?q=%D0%BD%D1%83%20%D1%82%D1%8B%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%20%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ну ты заходи, если что&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4676" LastActivityDate="2014-12-05T07:45:55.150" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7716" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7717" CreationDate="2014-12-05T08:21:42.187" Score="8" ViewCount="737" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning of держава in the first sentence of the Russian anthem, is it state or power? &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wiktionary lists&lt;/a&gt; both words!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4722" LastEditorUserId="1051" LastEditDate="2014-12-10T11:33:58.650" LastActivityDate="2014-12-10T11:33:58.650" Title="Meaning of держава in the Russian Anthem" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7716" CreationDate="2014-12-05T08:43:11.787" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Россия — священная наша держава,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Россия — любимая наша страна.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Могучая воля, великая слава —&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Твоё достоянье на все времена!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the word &lt;strong&gt;держава&lt;/strong&gt; is synonym of state. Usually this is the main meaning of the word. You'll rarely hear it in everyday speech however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second meaning is &quot;the power&quot;: &quot;Конечно, царь, сильна твоя держава.&quot; However this meaning is used mostly in poetic texts and is even rarer that the first meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In old times one of the attributes of the Tsar was called &quot;держава&quot; as well - it looked like a golden sphere with a cross atop of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an article from Ushakov's dictionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ДЕРЖА́ВА, державы, жен.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  1. Независимое государство, имеющее влияние в международных делах (полит. офиц.). Великие державы. Малые державы.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2. Государственная власть, владычество (поэт.). «Конечно, царь, сильна твоя держава.» Пушкин.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  3. Золотой шар с крестом наверху, служивший эмблемой власти монарха (ист.).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  4. Приспособление для держания чего-нибудь, напр. металла при обработке (спец.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for 4th example - I have never heard or read the word держава in this meaning, so I think it is very special term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Держава as power:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что есть всему держава? Бог, Николушка, всему держава. А бог есть любовь, ― возвещает сладчайший апостол. [А. И. Эртель. Гарденины, их дворня, приверженцы и враги (1889)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она вспомнила ту, отчасти искреннюю, хотя и много преувеличенную, роль матери, живущей для сына, которую она взяла на себя в последние годы, и с радостью почувствовала, что в том состоянии, в котором она находилась, у ней есть держава, независимая от положения, в которое она станет к мужу и к Вронскому. Эта держава ― был сын. В какое бы положение она ни стала, она не может покинуть сына. [Л. Н. Толстой. Анна Каренина (1878)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И тако сии вышеозначенные древние российские провинции и городы, притом и сия Ижерская Земля, была под владением от времен державы Царя Феодора Ивановича, от 1594-го и 1609-го годов по 1703-й год, более ста лет, под владением шведским будучи находились. 8. Настает держава Петра Великаго. [А. И. Богданов. Описание Санктпетербурга (1751)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;По долгом рассуждении о формах правления, коими управляются общества, как то: о демократическом [народодержавие], аристократическом [благородных держава], олигархическом [немногих нарочитых начальствование], монархическом [единоначалие царское], и о разных обязательствах и должностях гражданских, чего всего, коль ни важного, краткость предложить попускает, притом также и о так называемых смешанных державах, (...) [В.К. Тредиаковский. Слово о мудрости, благоразумии и добродетели (1752)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-12-05T12:13:00.107" LastActivityDate="2014-12-05T12:13:00.107" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7718" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7716" CreationDate="2014-12-05T12:03:41.323" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The English word &quot;power&quot; has different meanings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &quot;state power&quot; it means the ability to control, might, force.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &quot;great power&quot;, &quot;regianal power&quot;, &quot;superpower&quot; and international treaties it means a strong state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian word &lt;em&gt;держава&lt;/em&gt; means a strong state. I never encountered it in the meaning &quot;state control/might&quot;, I think no such meaning exists in modern Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other meaning of держава is state regalia in form of an orb with a cros on top.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-12-09T08:26:57.447" LastActivityDate="2014-12-09T08:26:57.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7716" CreationDate="2014-12-05T14:47:31.850" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Держава&lt;/em&gt; is a CS loanword (&lt;em&gt;дръжава&lt;/em&gt; in OCS) which is a calque from Greek &lt;em&gt;κράτος&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;power, rule, authority&quot;). You can find the root of this word in English &quot;democracy&quot; and &quot;bureaucracy&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Greek word in turn derives from &lt;em&gt;κρατέω&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;I hold&quot;), so the Slavonic word &lt;em&gt;дръжати&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;to hold&quot;) was used to form the calque.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This word in Russian is of grand style (&lt;em&gt;высокий штиль&lt;/em&gt;) and as such better corresponds to &quot;power&quot; rather than &quot;state&quot;, like in &lt;em&gt;сверхдержава&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;superpower&quot;), &lt;em&gt;региональная держава&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;regional power&quot;) etc. Thus said, &quot;power&quot; would be the correct word to translate this word in the anthem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2014-12-05T14:47:31.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7720" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7722" CreationDate="2014-12-06T14:40:05.057" Score="5" ViewCount="394" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen this phrase recently:&#xA;на проводах в армию&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know what it means. Is it literal or an idiom, or...?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tltgorod.ru/news/theme-29/news-47620/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Example&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2480" LastActivityDate="2014-12-25T10:32:22.867" Title="What is &quot;на проводах&quot; in the context of the army?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7720" CreationDate="2014-12-06T15:16:07.517" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It doesn't means something related to wire (провод). Проводы means party (usually with family and some friends) when a young man is going to army. So &quot;на проводах&quot; means &quot;at the party&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's WRONG: You should read it as проводЫ with stress on last syllable.&#xA;See comments below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your example: student stabbed his brother at the party.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1359" LastEditorUserId="1359" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T17:01:59.000" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T17:01:59.000" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7720" CreationDate="2014-12-07T13:19:18.160" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Проводы&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; means 'going away party', 'farewell', and may be translated as 'send-off'. &#xA;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/4560/nikolay-ershov&quot;&gt;@Nikolay Ershov&lt;/a&gt; mentioned, Проводы is any farewell party for someone going away, not just to the army.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Проводы мужа в командировку.&#xA;Проводы детства.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example it matches another word — &lt;code&gt;Провод&lt;/code&gt; (a wire), so it might confuse you. This word is spelled the same, but has different meaning and sounding (homograph?). In speech you can distinguish them by accent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;прОвод, проводА (a wire, wires)&#xA;прОводы (send-off)&#xA;на проводАх (on wires)&#xA;на прОводах (at send-off party)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(The stress is on capital letters.)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2199" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2014-12-07T13:26:24.103" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7723" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7724" CreationDate="2014-12-08T03:07:42.540" Score="15" ViewCount="1931" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm an Argentinian with an Ukranian last name, originally written Явтушенко. My Russian father and grandmother are dead (and they didn't have a clue of its meaning, they weren't Ukranian speakers). I know that the ending шенко is very common in Ukraine, but that, in addition to a song called &quot;Where do you go, Явтуше?&quot; (partially translated) is all I know.&#xA;Thanks a lot for anything you can tell me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4733" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-07-23T04:19:02.097" LastActivityDate="2017-07-23T04:19:02.097" Title="What is the meaning of my last name, Явтушенко?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7723" CreationDate="2014-12-08T03:55:15.483" Score="29" Body="&lt;p&gt;Явтушенко is a family name based on personal name Явтух and suffix -енко (&quot;son of&quot;), so Явтушенко is &quot;son of Явтух&quot;. There is also other family name that is more familiar to Russian ear and has the same origins - Евтушенко.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Явтух is a short form of a name Евстихий which has Greek origins and is translated to Russian as &quot;счастливый, преуспевающий&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seems like the form Евтихий is more popular name of the same origin. Here is an &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot;&gt;article on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Евти́хий (греч. Εὐτυχής, Εὐτύχιος, букв. «счастливый», «великодушный», «весёлый») — мужское имя греческого происхождения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These names were given to children based on calendar of Ortodox Saints (святцы), so on the wikipedia page you can see a number of Ortodox Saints that had this name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-12-08T11:07:28.010" LastActivityDate="2014-12-08T11:07:28.010" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1917" CreationDate="2014-12-08T10:51:57.577" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;C учетом того что, медведи часто (в далеком прошлом, хотя случается и ныне) выходили к людям и копались в их, человеческом, мусоре в поисках пропитания, вполне основано можно предположить:&#xA;берлога - логово коричневого-грязного-мусорного&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4737" LastActivityDate="2014-12-08T10:51:57.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7712" CreationDate="2014-12-08T11:38:42.290" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your guy was trying to say that he's about to leave for a meeting. &lt;strong&gt;Собрался на встречу&lt;/strong&gt; literally means that a person prepared himself to go for a meeting and when used in a conversation means that the person is about to do something. This might not make sense for a non-native speakers at first but it totally does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Think of it that way: I'd bet you heard an expression &lt;strong&gt;Я уже собрался уходить&lt;/strong&gt;, it means &quot;I'm about to be off&quot;. &lt;strong&gt;Я собрался &lt;em&gt;[to do something]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; you say when you are about to start &lt;em&gt;[to do something]&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this would clarify your understanding of the situation. Good day, sir!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4718" LastActivityDate="2014-12-08T11:38:42.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7647" CreationDate="2014-12-08T13:41:29.177" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;детали работы&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кто предпочитает такой вариант? Почему да/нет?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Work items that are meant for internal purposes are called tasks.&quot; -&gt;&#xA;  Детали работы педназначенные для внутренних целей называются задачами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Mark 3 work items as complete.&quot; -&gt; Отметить 3 детали работы как&#xA;  завершенные.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4659" LastEditorUserId="4659" LastEditDate="2014-12-08T15:26:43.303" LastActivityDate="2014-12-08T15:26:43.303" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7716" CreationDate="2014-12-08T19:32:22.610" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;a strong and powerful state&quot;. Predominantly used in pompous texts and rhetoric.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2014-12-08T19:32:22.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7729" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7821" CreationDate="2014-12-08T22:55:18.997" Score="9" ViewCount="6317" Body="&lt;p&gt;Privet :)&#xA;Is there any app or webiste where I can talk with native russian speakers for free?&#xA;With talk I mean really talk and not just write.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4741" LastActivityDate="2015-02-01T18:02:29.943" Title="Any website or app, where I can talk with russians?" Tags="&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7729" CreationDate="2014-12-09T10:27:44.647" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I use &lt;a href=&quot;http://Interpals.net&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Interpals&lt;/a&gt;. You can find people who actually learn language by using filter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user4724" LastActivityDate="2014-12-09T10:27:44.647" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="37" CreationDate="2014-12-09T20:06:06.313" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;За что купил, за то и продаю&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4747" LastActivityDate="2014-12-09T20:06:06.313" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7734" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7735" CreationDate="2014-12-10T10:00:18.213" Score="2" ViewCount="631" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I learned that the family name of Charles Chaplin may have Russian roots. A search &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD&amp;amp;oldid=4472787&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;on Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; proved the name to be indeed of Russian origin, although the American pronunciation of the name would probably be transliterated into Cyrillic as &quot;Чеплин&quot; or &quot;Чэплин&quot;. A known contemporary bearer of the name is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Всеволод Чаплин&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the word have a meaning in its root form? What I am looking for is something along the lines of &quot;Ковалёв&quot; and &quot;Кузнецов&quot;, both deriving from words for a blacksmith, or generally any other meaning attached to it beyond a bare name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1051" LastActivityDate="2014-12-11T01:06:48.980" Title="Does the family name Чаплин have a meaning?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7734" CreationDate="2014-12-10T10:37:35.483" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, that’s very unlikely that surname of Charlie Chaplin is of Russian (and Slavic in general) origin. Afaik, it’s a form of word &lt;em&gt;chaplain&lt;/em&gt; (a kind of Christian cleric) ← lat. &lt;em&gt;cappellanus&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for Russian family name &lt;em&gt;Чаплин&lt;/em&gt;, it is clearly derived from word &lt;em&gt;чапля&lt;/em&gt; ‘heron’, ‘wader’, which in modern literary Russian became &lt;em&gt;цапля&lt;/em&gt; under influence of North-Easterns (Novgorodian, if you will) dialects; see &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5&quot;&gt;цоканье&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-12-10T10:57:05.037" LastActivityDate="2014-12-10T10:57:05.037" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7734" CreationDate="2014-12-10T10:39:38.903" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is very unlikely that Charles Chaplin has a family name derived from Russian roots, because it has meaning in English by itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for Russian Чаплин looks like the name is known from XIII century. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On &lt;a href=&quot;http://names.neolove.ru/last_names/23/cha/chaplin.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt; there are three versions (almost the same with minor differences) of the family name etymology. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically it is derived from bird name &lt;strong&gt;цапля&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One version tolds that the family name Цаплин was later changed by dialectical &quot;чоканье&quot; which changes all &quot;ц&quot; to &quot;ч&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Other version tolds that the family name was derived directly from a personal name Чапля, which also was borrowed from Polish &quot;czapla&quot; (sounds like &quot;чапля&quot;) which is also a Polish bird name that is called in Russian as &quot;цапля&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-12-10T10:39:38.903" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7734" CreationDate="2014-12-10T22:40:44.057" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Чаплин is quite straight Slavicization of surname Kapläne of German or Kaplan of Yiddish origin which means a kind of priest in these languages. Having slavicized surname would be natural for a Jewish person whose ancestors came from Eastern Europe, for instance, from Poland. Note that Polish word &quot;kapłan&quot; is just a general word for priest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The surname Kaplan is quite wedespread among Jews. For instance the Jewish woman who attempted to assassinate Lenin in 1918 was named &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanny_Kaplan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Fanny Kaplan&lt;/a&gt; The priest Vsevolod Chaplin whom you refer in the question also has Jewish origin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;calls&lt;/a&gt; the surname Kaplan Jewish, but also indicates it could independently originate from Turkic languages where it means &quot;tiger&quot;. English Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan_%28surname%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;indicates&lt;/a&gt; that the surname could be of French, German or Jewish origin. If Jewish, it indicates the bearer belongs to cohens (priest lineage).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also suspect that Chaplin could also be an English surname derived from &quot;chaplain&quot;. The Yiddish, French, German and supposedly English surnames all ultimately derive from Latin &quot;capellanus&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-12-11T01:06:48.980" LastActivityDate="2014-12-11T01:06:48.980" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7738" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-10T22:53:32.030" Score="5" ViewCount="313" Body="&lt;p&gt;Короткие описание игры про сумасшедшего хирурга:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Surgeon Simulator — кесаревом да по мясореву!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Источник: &lt;a href=&quot;http://stopgame.ru/appzor/show/36&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://stopgame.ru/appzor/show/36&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это вроде шутка? Я искал в словаре слова &lt;em&gt;кесарь&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;мясо&lt;/em&gt;, но это мне не помогло.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4681" LastEditorUserId="4681" LastEditDate="2014-12-11T22:51:29.310" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T11:10:03.037" Title="Что значит “кесаревом да по мясореву!”?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;slang&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7738" CreationDate="2014-12-11T02:42:21.017" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is one of those random, obnoxiously fruity colloquialisms that make a lot of people cringe, which may explain the downvotes. Кесаревым (properly so spelt) means &quot;with a Caesarian [section]&quot;, мясорево is just мясо with an expressive suffix crudely plastered on. The construction &quot;[noun-instrumental] по [noun-dative]&quot; is common and versatile, &quot;да&quot; serves as an emphatic particle (you get it a lot in &quot;rustic&quot; speech and a register of vernacular that facetiously imitates it), and there's nothing wrong with using those per se, but this particular example is the true bottom of the barrel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2014-12-11T02:42:21.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7740" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-11T09:51:46.307" Score="13" ViewCount="439" Body="&lt;p&gt;The closest thing I could find out is that this means something like &quot;poor thing&quot;, used when you are taking some sort of pity on someone. Is this correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, what does the word actually translate to, and how did it get to mean that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4749" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-12-05T15:54:20.577" LastActivityDate="2017-12-06T19:43:57.837" Title="Proper usage of &quot;бедолага&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7741" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7740" CreationDate="2014-12-11T10:10:08.007" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say that the meaning is very similar to &quot;бедняга&quot;, which is &quot;poor fellow&quot;, &quot;poor devil&quot;. I'd use these words as synonims, but I personally think that &quot;бедолага&quot; makes a little bit more pity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1833" LastActivityDate="2014-12-11T10:10:08.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7743" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7647" CreationDate="2014-12-11T10:13:04.533" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Наиболее интуитивным, на мой взгляд, будет &quot;задача&quot; или &quot;задание&quot;. Да, это пересекается с задачей-таском, но за всю свою программистскую жизнь ни разу не слышал ни про &quot;элемент работы&quot;, ни про &quot;рабочий элемент&quot;. &quot;Дело&quot; тоже режет слух. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1833" LastActivityDate="2014-12-11T10:13:04.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7740" CreationDate="2014-12-11T10:14:11.453" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Бедолага&quot; means unlucky person, the poor guy who often suffers from troubles. So yes, you right, that could be used as &quot;poor thing&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И всё же, брат, трудна у нас дорога! &lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Эх, бедолага! Ну, спи, Серёга!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &quot;бедолага&quot; commonly used in context of pitying, not mocking&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4676" LastEditorUserId="4676" LastEditDate="2014-12-11T10:19:21.027" LastActivityDate="2014-12-11T10:19:21.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7712" CreationDate="2014-12-11T10:56:47.533" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &quot;собраться&quot; mean &quot;be prepared for&quot;. And, in my opinion, it come from &quot;собрать вещи (сумку)&quot; (not sure in English variant for this, think it's like &quot;put staff in a bag&quot;). For example, one of my favorite idiomatic expression &quot;нищему собраться - только подпоясаться&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4675" LastActivityDate="2014-12-11T10:56:47.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7738" CreationDate="2014-12-11T14:38:41.287" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is one more note that may need to be added to Nikolay Ershov's analysis. The author of the pun (which betrays, as I wholeheartedly agree, a true linguistic bottom-dweller) employs a willful modification of the fairly recent derivation method increasingly characteristic of the modern jargon. This method derives nouns from verbs by using the suffix &lt;em&gt;-лов-&lt;/em&gt; followed by the inflection &lt;em&gt;-о&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One example of such nouns is the word &lt;em&gt;кидалово&lt;/em&gt;. It derives from a jargon meaning of the verb &lt;em&gt;кидать&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;кинуть&lt;/em&gt; - to manipulate one out of one's money or possessions through a deceitful transaction. The noun describes an act of such manipulation or an environment where it is likely to happen or known to have happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These new jargon nous look and sound not unlike the large class of Russian possessive adjectives formed by the suffix &lt;em&gt;–ов&lt;/em&gt;. Where such adjectives have become toponyms (e.g. &lt;em&gt;Шереметьево&lt;/em&gt;) they function as nouns, rather than adjectives, particularly in the instrumental case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я восхищён Ивáнов&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt;м талантом&lt;/em&gt; - I admire Ivan's talent (although this example sounds quite archaic)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я восхищён городом Ивáнов&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;м&lt;/em&gt; - I admire the town of Ivanovo&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The author of the pun seems to use the possessive adjective &lt;em&gt;кесарево&lt;/em&gt; as a noun formed by the method described above, hence the erroneous instrumental ending &lt;em&gt;-ом&lt;/em&gt;. She then applies the same method to the noun &lt;em&gt;мясо&lt;/em&gt; trying at the same time to rhyme the product with &lt;em&gt;кесарево&lt;/em&gt;. The result would undoubtedly fail the very first round of the auditions for the worst ever Christmas cracker joke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://community.lingvo.ru/goroda/articles.asp?article=43982&amp;amp;view=full&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://community.lingvo.ru/goroda/articles.asp?article=43982&amp;amp;view=full&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T11:10:03.037" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T11:10:03.037" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7740" CreationDate="2014-12-11T16:02:19.463" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;I daresay &lt;em&gt;бедолага&lt;/em&gt; is not 100% synonymous to &lt;em&gt;бедняга&lt;/em&gt;. Yes, both are used when one takes pity on someone. However, I think I can put my finger on at least two slight differences in usage. Firstly, &lt;em&gt;бедняга&lt;/em&gt; is more likely to be used in a situation where the object has been unlucky in a particular isolated situation, whereas &lt;em&gt;бедолага&lt;/em&gt; better describes someone who is frequently or, as it were, systemically unlucky. Secondly, &lt;em&gt;бедолага&lt;/em&gt; seems to be more pertinent in an unfortunate situation which, from the speaker's point of view, is either not too serious and certainly not dramatic or may even be resolved with a certain amount of effort. Thus, it bears a shade of ironic attitude to the sufferer. &lt;em&gt;Бедняга&lt;/em&gt;, on the other hand, will almost certainly be the only choice in situations of someone losing a close relative or a friend and such like. &lt;em&gt;Бедолага&lt;/em&gt; is hardly acceptable in such situations and may be perceived as insensitive if not insulting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The excerpt from a song by Vladimir Vysotsky offered by Dmitry Ilukhin eloquently illustrates the certain gravitation of &lt;em&gt;бедолага&lt;/em&gt; to humorous contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Updated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm afraid I missed the second part of the question.&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Бедняга&lt;/em&gt; -- the word used to express taking pity on someone -- is likely to have derived from &lt;em&gt;бедняк&lt;/em&gt; (literally, &lt;em&gt;a poor man&lt;/em&gt;). If I remember correctly, &lt;em&gt;бедняк&lt;/em&gt; still occurs in XIX century's literature with the meaning &lt;em&gt;pitiful&lt;/em&gt;. Apparently, at some point &lt;em&gt;бедняк&lt;/em&gt; spawned out &lt;em&gt;бедняга&lt;/em&gt; using a fairly frequent way of jargon word formation employing the suffix &lt;em&gt;-ага&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;-яга&lt;/em&gt; (see &lt;em&gt;трудящийся&lt;/em&gt; &gt; &lt;em&gt;трудяга&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;работящий&lt;/em&gt; &gt; &lt;em&gt;работяга&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;симпатичный&lt;/em&gt; &gt; &lt;em&gt;симпатяга&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;милый&lt;/em&gt; &gt; &lt;em&gt;миляга&lt;/em&gt;) which took over the meaning &lt;em&gt;pitiful&lt;/em&gt;. &#xA;I am not entirely sure how &lt;em&gt;бедолага&lt;/em&gt; came into existence. I seem to vaguely remember coming across the word &lt;em&gt;бедован&lt;/em&gt; and can imagine the transformation &lt;em&gt;бедован&lt;/em&gt; &gt; &lt;em&gt;бедовага&lt;/em&gt; &gt; &lt;em&gt;бедолага&lt;/em&gt; but that would be an absolute speculation. I hope this question catches some proper linguist's eye.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2017-12-01T18:48:13.520" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T18:48:13.520" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7748" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-12T02:39:51.313" Score="3" ViewCount="357" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я не могу разобраться в разнице между ними.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чем они отличаются от &lt;em&gt;платить&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;заплатить&lt;/em&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо за любую помощь! )))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2014-12-15T21:41:05.760" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T21:41:05.760" Title="уплачивать—уплатить" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7748" CreationDate="2014-12-12T09:35:36.043" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Уплачивать&lt;/code&gt; - глагол несовершенного вида, отвечает на вопрос &quot;Что делать?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;уплатить&lt;/code&gt; - глагол совершенного вида, отвечает на вопрос &quot;Что сделать?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Глаголы &lt;strong&gt;совершенного вида&lt;/strong&gt; указывают на &lt;strong&gt;завершенность действия&lt;/strong&gt;, его результат, конец действия или его начало. В неопределенной форме они отвечают на вопрос &lt;strong&gt;что сделать?&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;Например: &lt;code&gt;добежать, купить, зазвенеть, построить, запеть.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прошедшее время: &lt;strong&gt;что сделали?   что сделала?   что сделал?   что сделало?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;подбежали, увидела, нашел, взошло.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Будущее простое время: &lt;strong&gt;что сделают?   что сделаю?   что сделает?и т.д.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;выйдут, куплю, доплывет, посчитаем.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обратите внимание на то, что у глаголов совершенного вида есть только две формы времени: прошедшее и будущее простое. Настоящее время отсутствует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Глаголы &lt;strong&gt;несовершенного вида&lt;/strong&gt; обозначают длительные или повторяющиеся действия, &lt;strong&gt;без указания на их завершенность&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;В неопределенной форме они отвечают на вопрос &lt;strong&gt;что делать?&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;Например: &lt;code&gt;петь, кипеть, бежать, мечтать, перечитывать, подпрыгивать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прошедшее время: &lt;strong&gt;что делали?   что делал?   что делала?   что делало?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;бежали, прыгал, искала, заходило.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Настоящее время: &lt;strong&gt;что делают?   что делаем?   что делает?и т.д.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;загорают, строим, подтягивается, покупаю.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Будущее сложное время: &lt;strong&gt;что будут делать?   что буду делать? и т.д.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;будут прыгать, буду смеяться, будем слушать, будет танцевать.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У глаголов несовершенного вида есть все три формы времени: &lt;strong&gt;прошедшее, настоящее и будущее сложное.&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iyKO2.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4153" LastEditorUserId="4153" LastEditDate="2014-12-15T21:33:53.443" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T21:33:53.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7748" CreationDate="2014-12-12T10:33:33.087" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are you asking about the difference between уплачивать and уплатить (which is a simple matter of aspects, as outlined above) or how both are different from another aspectual pair, платить/заплатить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the latter: basically, уплатить refers to paying a set amount where trade is not (or not immediately) involved — usually taxes and similar fees. It's completely replaced with (за)платить in the vernacular, but уплатить is better formal style in applicable cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T10:33:33.087" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7748" CreationDate="2014-12-12T11:51:38.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I too am not sure I completely understand the question. If it is indeed about the difference between &lt;em&gt;заплатить&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;уплатить&lt;/em&gt; then a good answer has already been given.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a more general note, however, I would attract your attention to the fact that Russian  prefix derivation is insanely rich and productive. One must be careful to not be deceived by the apparent similarity of any two verbs which derive from the same base using different prefixes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where &lt;em&gt;заплатить&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;уплатить&lt;/em&gt; may well be interchangeable in the majority of modern contexts (meaning &lt;em&gt;to pay up&lt;/em&gt;), verbs formed by these two prefixes from other bases may well mean very different actions. See &lt;em&gt;заплыть&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;уплыть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;зайти&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;уйти&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;закачать&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;укачать&lt;/em&gt; to name but a very few.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot overestimate the importance of understanding this aspect of Russian morphology when learning Russian as a foreign language. If English is your first language (which seems to be the case) try likening the Russian prefix derivation to the phenomenon of English phrasal verbs. Consider for example &lt;em&gt;put up&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;put off&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;put down&lt;/em&gt; where different prepositions (which I daresay are analogous to Russian prefixes in this case) are appended to the same verb to produces three completely different meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2014-12-12T15:33:12.467" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T15:33:12.467" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7748" CreationDate="2014-12-12T17:35:27.887" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a typical example of видовая пара.  Уплачивать is imperfective, уплатить is perfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T17:35:27.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7712" CreationDate="2014-12-12T19:36:54.523" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It literaly means &quot;I have gotten ready [to go] to a meeting.&quot; In English we would say &quot;I'm am ready to go to a meeting.&quot; or &quot;I'm all set to go to a meeting.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastActivityDate="2014-12-12T19:36:54.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7601" CreationDate="2014-12-12T20:44:07.113" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;These phrases are typical of American business speak. Such speech is designed to be vague, uninformative, and euphemistic while inspiring confidence in the client. &quot;Technology&quot; can mean pretty much anything. &quot;Partner&quot; can describe pretty much any relationship between two participants except that between master and servant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;American business and advertising speak encourages a level of vagueness which is extremely awkward in Russian. I would suggest it is your job as translator to determine the intended meaning from context and express it. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;агенты по распространению наших товаров&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;фирмы сотрудничающие с нами чтобы представлять Вам эту технологию&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;фирмы оказывающие услуги на основании нашей технологии&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;фирмы вступившие с нами в договор об обмене технологами&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastEditorUserId="4753" LastEditDate="2015-03-31T15:11:53.437" LastActivityDate="2015-03-31T15:11:53.437" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4335" CreationDate="2014-12-13T03:40:56.627" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would guess the original pun was that a person desired to name a big number and said &quot;100&quot; but quickly realized it is too small and desired to change it to &quot;150&quot; on the fly but in the process realized it is again too small, so changed the &quot;50&quot; part to &quot;500&quot;. So the number looks like being rising in the process of being pronounced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-12-13T03:40:56.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7756" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7757" CreationDate="2014-12-13T08:36:28.293" Score="12" ViewCount="2026" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a booklet of elementary readings for foreigners I came across the expression &lt;em&gt;Ёлки-палки&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;This seems to translate as &quot;damn&quot; but the relation of that meaning to the literal meaning of the words baffles me.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;My questions:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1) what is the etymology of the expression ?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2) Is it current nowadays and are there nuances relative to its usage ?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3917" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-01-06T14:26:01.993" LastActivityDate="2015-01-06T14:26:01.993" Title="Origin of expression &quot;Ёлки-палки&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7756" CreationDate="2014-12-13T17:07:02.830" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a certain amount of euphemisms formed like this: the speaker starts to say some profanity, then, after the first sound, realizes it would be very inappropriate, and changes the rest to something more decent, even if it makes no sense. &lt;code&gt;Ёлки-палки&lt;/code&gt; seems to fall into this category. It's not very common nowadays — I've heard &lt;code&gt;ё-моё&lt;/code&gt; (formed in the same manner) more often. Other examples are &lt;code&gt;ёперный театр&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;епонский городовой&lt;/code&gt; (in both cases first word is incorrect, it should rather be &lt;code&gt;оперный&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;японский&lt;/code&gt;). There is also &lt;code&gt;ёлки зелёные&lt;/code&gt;, also not something you hear often today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4620" LastActivityDate="2014-12-13T17:07:02.830" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7758" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-14T21:08:52.843" Score="10" ViewCount="481" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a pocket watch. I think it is Russian. But I am not sure, can anybody read this?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WrQ7H.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4758" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2014-12-14T21:35:44.853" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T12:47:54.657" Title="What is written on this watch?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2014-12-19T02:06:46.600" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7758" CreationDate="2014-12-14T21:30:53.410" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's Молния (Lightning). I believe such font was very popular in 60-es in the Soviet Union. You could see it on many logos like on cars Москвич, &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C)&quot;&gt;Чайка&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://gaz-24.com/&quot;&gt;Волга&lt;/a&gt;, on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://63.img.avito.st/640x480/548282563.jpg&quot;&gt;Янтарь&lt;/a&gt; clock, or on a refrigerator &lt;a href=&quot;http://photo.qip.ru/users/retro321/81923/1208700/full_image/&quot;&gt;МИР&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-12-15T12:47:54.657" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T12:47:54.657" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7760" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-15T15:59:44.920" Score="8" ViewCount="1704" Body="&lt;p&gt;I lived in Belarus for some time, and my wife is from there. We spoke only Russian while in the country, but most signs, public transportation announcements (&quot;next stop&quot;, etc.) and documents were in the Belarusian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've learned &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; basic amounts of Belarusian, and I'm wondering what the linguistic similarity (language family, etc) is between it and the Russian language. It seems to me to be more mutually understandable with Polish, but it has quite a few &quot;Russian-sounding&quot; words as well as a seemingly similar grammatical structure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4749" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-12-15T18:35:49.583" LastActivityDate="2014-12-18T16:18:35.223" Title="What are the actual linguistic similarities between Russian and Belarusian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;other-languages&gt;&lt;slavic&gt;&lt;belorussian&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7760" CreationDate="2014-12-15T16:18:32.283" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I highly doubt that Belorussian mutually understandable with Polish. On the other hand it is quite mutually understandable with Russian, a little more so than Ukrainian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The relation is following: Belorussian, Russian, Ukrainian and Rusyn belong to East Slavic branch of Slavic languages, with Belorussian, Rusyn and Ukrainian belonging to Ruthenian subbranch. So Belorussian is closer to Ukrainian than to Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All three are quite far from Polish (the later being a West Slavic language), but more than that, I would say Polish is less similar to East Slavic compared to other West Slavic languages (Chech, Slovak for example) both in phonology and spelling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-12-15T16:56:41.580" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T16:56:41.580" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="931" CreationDate="2014-12-15T18:31:22.333" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;твоих = of your ones&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;своих = of oneself's ones&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T18:31:22.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="935" CreationDate="2014-12-15T18:33:04.080" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Обращаться на ты/вы or быть [с кем-л.] на ты/вы are complete equivalents, not necessarily colloquial. I don't think it matters a lot whether it's a verb or a verb phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T18:33:04.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7764" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7760" CreationDate="2014-12-15T20:02:58.517" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Belarusian is, in a sense, in between other slavic languages.&#xA;Its grammar is close to that of Russian.&#xA;Its vocabulary has lots of common words with all of Russian, Ukrainian, and Polish, so it's sort of mutually intelligible with all of them.&#xA;Its spelling, however, is quite different from any of them. Also, it's probably the most phonetic of all, you can just read it as it's spelled and it will be correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4767" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T20:02:58.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7765" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-15T21:10:13.690" Score="17" ViewCount="1411" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm coming to this by way of Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker/Nutcracker Suite, and the piece &quot;Танец Феи Драже&quot;. This is known as &quot;Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy&quot; in English. In German, it's called &quot;Tanz der Zuckerfee&quot;, which is just &quot;Dance of the Sugar Fairy&quot;. That agrees with the Spanish title, &quot;Danza del Hada de Azúcar&quot;. French seems to have the closest-to-Russian translation: &quot;Danse de la Fée Dragée&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English has the word &quot;dragée&quot;, which is a candy like a jelly bean. (That is not what I imagine a sugar plum to be. Sugar plums, to me, are more like what is pictured here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.theartzoo.com/sugar-plum-recipe/&quot;&gt;http://www.theartzoo.com/sugar-plum-recipe/&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I am wondering why the name of this piece is translated in such a variety of ways. Is its Russian meaning difficult to translate? Or was it translated with a disregard for the precise meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4768" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-04T12:14:53.290" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T12:14:53.290" Title="Meaning of &quot;драже&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7765" CreationDate="2014-12-15T21:59:07.333" Score="24" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Драже&lt;/em&gt; means pretty much the same as English &quot;dragee&quot;: a candy covered in solid sugar shell, like an M&amp;amp;M or a Jordan almond. Jelly bean is not a dragee as its shell is soft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since &quot;The Nutcracker&quot; story is set on Christmas Eve, a candy most associated with Christmas in English-speaking cultures was used to translate the fairy's name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2014-12-15T21:59:07.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7701" CreationDate="2014-12-16T13:46:56.507" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Украина происходит от &quot;окраина&quot;. В русском языке говорят: на окраину, на окраине. Например: жить на окраине села, переехать на окраину города и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4770" LastActivityDate="2014-12-16T13:46:56.507" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7769" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-17T00:13:18.800" Score="3" ViewCount="576" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to say in Russian &quot;I have a quick question for you Irina&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4773" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2014-12-17T10:27:09.327" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T06:34:45.527" Title="How to translate &quot;a quick question&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7769" CreationDate="2014-12-17T05:45:01.877" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;У меня есть небольшой вопрос к Вам, Ирина.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2199" LastActivityDate="2014-12-17T05:45:01.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7769" CreationDate="2014-12-17T05:46:01.867" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;To me &lt;em&gt;quick question&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;маленький вопрос&lt;/em&gt;. Or not so neutral &lt;em&gt;вопросик&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2014-12-17T05:46:01.867" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7773" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7774" CreationDate="2014-12-17T07:45:29.283" Score="8" ViewCount="2133" Body="&lt;p&gt;I realize that &lt;strong&gt;кароч&lt;/strong&gt; is related to the answers given to &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/5653/what-does-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5-mean&quot;&gt;What does “короче” mean?&lt;/a&gt;, but what about &lt;strong&gt;с др кароч&lt;/strong&gt;? I've seen it in the title of Youtube videos where people talk for a short time, and on &quot;image macros&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4776" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T08:25:38.177" Title="What does &quot;с др кароч&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7773" CreationDate="2014-12-17T08:08:24.500" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;ДР&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;день рождения&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;birthday&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;с др&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;c днём рождения&lt;/code&gt;) - &lt;code&gt;happy birthday&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2014-12-17T08:08:24.500" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7769" CreationDate="2014-12-17T09:31:02.320" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I generally agree with @naXa, but from my point of view, it would be better to say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ирина, у меня к Вам небольшой вопрос.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;У меня есть к Вам небольшой вопрос, Ирина.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4769" LastActivityDate="2014-12-17T09:31:02.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7776" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-17T12:14:26.087" Score="4" ViewCount="175" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please, could somebody tell me how to say in Russian &quot;Mechanical Draughtsman&quot;&#xA;It is a profession, trade.&#xA;In English means a person who draws and designs mechanical, structural or machine parts.&#xA;The drawing might be created on a drawing board or computer [ like AutoCad ]&#xA;Google gives &quot;рисовальщика&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Addendum&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English language a Draughtsman, or better to say a senior or designer draughtsman is a person who designs and thereafter draws machine parts or structural constructions.&#xA;As his superior is a chief draughtsman, who might not be an engineer.&#xA;It is impossible just to draw machine parts, the draughtsman must be able to create something new which is talked in meeting together with an engineer or engineers. &#xA;Once a draugtsman gets an idea what the customer wants, he is left on his own to design and to draw or to produce a drawing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4779" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2014-12-22T13:49:29.113" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T13:49:29.113" Title="&quot;Mechanical Draughtsman&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7776" CreationDate="2014-12-17T12:22:53.977" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the translations could be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Конструктор&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Инженер-конструктор&lt;/code&gt; (means a person who designs machine parts and draws technical images)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Чертежник&lt;/code&gt; (means a person who draws technical images)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2014-12-17T12:22:53.977" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7778" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7779" CreationDate="2014-12-17T13:58:21.493" Score="7" ViewCount="384" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had difficulties in finding a translation of &lt;em&gt;болельщик&lt;/em&gt;,  and it seems to mean (sports) fan, supporter.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Does this word come from a transliteration as &lt;em&gt;бол&lt;/em&gt; of the English word &lt;em&gt;ball&lt;/em&gt; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3917" LastActivityDate="2014-12-17T16:15:36.733" Title="Etymology of болельщик" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7778" CreationDate="2014-12-17T14:17:34.420" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Болеть душой&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;о ком- чем&lt;/em&gt; -- проявлять сострадание, скорбеть, заботиться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So one of the meanings of the word is &lt;em&gt;to care&lt;/em&gt;. The meaning &lt;em&gt;to support&lt;/em&gt; (e.g. a sports team) is just around the corner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples of similar morphology are: &lt;em&gt;плакальщик&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;курильщик&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;тральщик&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;резчик&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;верстальщик&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2014-12-17T15:10:32.540" LastActivityDate="2014-12-17T15:10:32.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7778" CreationDate="2014-12-17T16:15:36.733" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Болельщик&lt;/em&gt; origins from the construct &lt;em&gt;болеть (душой) за&lt;/em&gt; .  Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;“Коли-де сам государь-батюшка с топором в своих царских руках, валит&#xA;лес, по пояс в воде, долбней вбивает сваи, как же нам, рабам его, не&#xA;терпеть? Сам-то он &lt;strong&gt;болеет за нас душой&lt;/strong&gt;, да, видно, дело-то&#xA;нужное. Не трудил бы, не мучил бы себя, коли б не видал нашей пользы” (1832)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Исчез лучший и вернейший друг нашего общества. Он любил его&#xA;превыше всего, он жил душою в нем, он мучился, страдал и болел за&#xA;него. (1897)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Добросовестная работница всей душой болеет за производство, а рядом с нею ― злостная лодырница, только портит материал, форменная вредительница. (1928-1931)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Today &quot;болеть за&quot; is mostly used for sport teams and sportsmen (note than in Russia(n) chess, checkers etc. are also considered sports).  Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Oн «болел» за «Зубило». (1955)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Лет восемь назад, в Москве, я ходил на футбол часто, болел за «Спартак» (1959-1962)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Партийный и чиновничий аппарат активно болел за Карпова. (2009) (It's about the Karpov-Kasparov 1985 chess match.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also rather emotional expressions &quot;болеть за дело&quot;, &quot;болеть за страну&quot; etc.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can also &quot;болеть за&quot; virtually any person, country, etc., especially in a conflict/competition between people or entities. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;когда ты будешь защищать диплом, я буду болеть за тебя&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я буду болеть за тебя всей душой,ты справишься! &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The expression &quot;болеть душой за&quot; is not used since early 20th century. Sometimes &quot;болеть всей душой&quot; is used, but it is very emotional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;болельщик&quot; is only about sports (including chess etc.)  You cannot be a &quot;болельщик&quot; of a musical band etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-12-17T16:15:36.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7781" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7782" CreationDate="2014-12-18T06:13:08.180" Score="3" ViewCount="294" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed that when rendering the name of a person from one East Slavic language to another, it's usually changed to the native spelling of the target language. For example, the name &amp;quot;Vladimir Putin&amp;quot; appears as &amp;quot;Volodimir Putin&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Uladzimir Putsin&amp;quot; on the Ukrainian and Belorussian Wikipedia pages respectively. Similar examples include &amp;quot;Nicholas II&amp;quot; being rendered as &amp;quot;Mikalaj II&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Mikola II&amp;quot;, etc. I'm curious about this practice, since it appears so uniformly in East Slavic languages, and it's so rarely seen elsewhere: in English, we very seldom translate &amp;quot;Mikhail&amp;quot; as &amp;quot;Michael&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lavrenti&amp;quot; as &amp;quot;Lawrence&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Evgenij&amp;quot; as &amp;quot;Eugene&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Olga&amp;quot; as &amp;quot;Helga&amp;quot;, etc. So why do people do this, and how did this start?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4782" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-02-21T00:00:46.810" LastActivityDate="2021-02-21T00:00:46.810" Title="Rendering of names in East Slavic languages" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;&lt;slavic&gt;&lt;belorussian&gt;&lt;ukrainian&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7781" CreationDate="2014-12-18T06:40:13.403" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there are two distinct phenomena here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One is transliteration or re-spelling. All Slavic languages have phonetic spelling, but different reading rules. This means that to write the pronunciation of certain word they have to re-spell them in their own rules. This happens not only with names but with any borrowed words. Slavic languages do not tolerate words spelled not in accordance with their reading and spelling rules, unlike English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This way Владимир becomes Уладзі́мір in Belorussian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other phenomenon is translating certain familiar names from one language to another. This way Николай becomes Микола.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2021-02-20T21:35:18.653" LastActivityDate="2021-02-20T21:35:18.653" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7475" CreationDate="2014-12-18T10:14:36.757" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Возможно&lt;/em&gt; на выбор предлога наряду с классификацией объекта (&quot;на&quot; - на поверхности чего-либо, на острове/полуострове, &quot;в&quot; - внутри чего-либо, внутри города, административной единицы или государства), также влияет фонетический состав слова. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если в слове доминируют &quot;а&quot;, &quot;у&quot; -- то комфортнее говорить &quot;на&quot; (на Урале, на Аляске). Если &quot;и&quot;, &quot;е&quot;, &quot;о&quot; -- то комфортнее говорить &quot;в&quot; (в Сибири, в степи).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S.&#xA;Исключение: говорят &quot;на континенте&quot;, но &quot;в Азии&quot;, &quot;в Америке&quot;, &quot;в Африке&quot;, &quot;в Антарктиде&quot;, &quot;в Европе&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4783" LastEditorUserId="4783" LastEditDate="2014-12-18T10:25:07.947" LastActivityDate="2014-12-18T10:25:07.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7769" CreationDate="2014-12-18T12:21:52.510" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ирина, у меня к Вам небольшой вопрос. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Такой вариант более предпочтительный) Хотя можно так и так спрашивать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4784" LastActivityDate="2014-12-18T12:21:52.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7786" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7810" CreationDate="2014-12-18T12:23:02.390" Score="8" ViewCount="333" Body="&lt;p&gt;Чуковский в книге &quot;Живой как жизнь&quot; перечисляет заимствованные слова и возникшие русские эквиваленты, например &quot;голкипер&quot; и &quot;вратарь&quot;. Впервые в этом списке встретил слово &quot;думпкар&quot; аналогом которого назван &quot;самосвал&quot;. Я сразу подумал о грузовиках-самосвалах, но поискав в современных словарях нашёл только железнодорожные вагоны-самосвалы. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Означал ли когда-нибудь думпкар автомобиль-самосвал? Было ли у автомобилей своё, другое заимствованное название?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-12-21T16:32:10.257" Title="Думпкар и самосвал" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7786" CreationDate="2014-12-18T13:10:25.520" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Можно утверждать, к 1935ому слово уже использовалось для вагонов: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80&amp;amp;safe=off&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;biw=1142&amp;amp;bih=653&amp;amp;source=lnt&amp;amp;tbs=cdr%3A1%2Ccd_min%3A01.01.1900%2Ccd_max%3A31.12.1935&amp;amp;tbm=bks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80&amp;amp;safe=off&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;biw=1142&amp;amp;bih=653&amp;amp;source=lnt&amp;amp;tbs=cdr%3A1%2Ccd_min%3A01.01.1900%2Ccd_max%3A31.12.1935&amp;amp;tbm=bks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4785" LastActivityDate="2014-12-18T13:10:25.520" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7769" CreationDate="2014-12-18T14:44:07.233" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;a quick question = короткий вопрос&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's better to use 'Ирина, у меня к Вам короткий вопрос, (когда вы пойдете на концерт сегодня? - Мы не пойдем.)'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Короткий' means that we are expecting a 'короткий' (short [in time] = quick) answer as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Ирина, у меня к Вам небольшой вопрос' is closer to &quot;I have a short question for you Irina&quot; (short to ask, but not necessary short to answer).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And keep in mind that in Russian 'небольшой вопрос' could be more than just a question, it could be a request to do something: 'Ирина, у меня к вам небольшой вопрос, не могли бы вы выйти на работу в воскресенье?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update. If you and Irina are on different levels of a hierarchy in that case the most likely meaning of 'небольшой вопрос' is 'a small business': if Irina is on a higher level - she will expect a request to do a favor ('Ирина, у меня к Вам небольшой вопрос. Я принес заявление на отпуск в июле, не могли бы вы его рассмотреть и одобрить сегодня? - Хорошо, оставьте у секретаря, и подходите после шести, тогда мы рассмотримм ваш вопрос.)', if she is on a lower level - an errand will be expected (less common). I guess that ritual came from soviet bureaucracy (newspeak): 'Товарищи, вы по какому вопросу?' (what business brings you here?) On the same level of hierarchy (or no hierarchy) you could be straightforward &quot;I have a small business for you Irina&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update 2: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'Quick question' is a colloquial English term. According to Urban&#xA;  Dictionary it is a question that usually requires a long answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@naXa: I vote for your example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I.e. using a common expression: всё хорошо, только у меня к Вам один&#xA;  маааленький вопрос: ... (with a snide; the asker knows that his&#xA;  question can't be easily answered)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4608" LastEditorUserId="4608" LastEditDate="2014-12-20T14:26:10.377" LastActivityDate="2014-12-20T14:26:10.377" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7760" CreationDate="2014-12-18T16:18:35.223" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You see a lot of signs written in standard Belorussian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I understand, most of it was standardized in the early XX century, and the method was to try and pick words and word stems which sound unfamilliar to Russian ear. Otherwise written Belorussian would not be distinct enough from written Russian, and the goal was to set the language separate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That explains why written Belorussian is more like Polish and less like Russian in its dictionary (compared to what its &quot;natural speakers&quot; would use) and why its spelling capitalizes its phonetic difference with Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2014-12-18T16:18:35.223" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7790" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="540" CreationDate="2014-12-18T20:05:26.433" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;i think that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;фиг&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be leaf from fig-tree&#xA; which close Adam's genitals&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4788" LastActivityDate="2014-12-18T20:05:26.433" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7773" CreationDate="2014-12-18T20:32:29.930" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;i suppose that &lt;em&gt;с др кароч&lt;/em&gt; beginning from social web вконтакте. you have smb in friend-list there, so you see notice that today is др of this person. but you don't know him\her good enough to know what smb would like to see from you. or  you just wouldn't like to write and think a long wishes to him. so tengeers wrote &lt;em&gt;с др кароч&lt;/em&gt;. now it's funny mem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4788" LastActivityDate="2014-12-18T20:32:29.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7792" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7769" CreationDate="2014-12-18T20:38:09.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;if quick question is &quot;A question that usually requires a long answer. A close relative of stupid question and rhetorical question&quot; you could just ask with &lt;em&gt;небольшой вопрос&lt;/em&gt;, use ironic inflecsion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4788" LastActivityDate="2014-12-18T20:38:09.320" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7773" CreationDate="2014-12-18T23:02:30.157" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Короче говоря, с днём рождения.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;др - распространённое сокращение от день рождения.&#xA;кароч - короче говоря.  (В устной речи - распространённое слово-паразит.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не следует пользоваться сокращением &quot;кароч&quot;, потому что это разговорное слово низкоинтеллектуальных подростков. Сокращение &quot;др&quot; не особенно вежливо, им не следует пользоваться для поздравления собеседника.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2014-12-18T23:02:30.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7794" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7795" CreationDate="2014-12-19T00:23:12.767" Score="2" ViewCount="195" Body="&lt;p&gt;Всем привет) I have read a previous post about the use of нету and it's meaning. In this opportunity I would like to know which is the case that the adjacent subject must have. &#xA;For example, how would you say: &quot;There is no dog.&quot; Which case would you use? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4789" LastActivityDate="2014-12-19T05:13:58.560" Title="Case use with нету" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7794" CreationDate="2014-12-19T05:13:58.560" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Genitive: нету собаки; same as нет (in the &quot;there is no&quot; sense) and ни. The colloquial (and getting normative acceptance) tendency to drop the negative genitive in favour of accusative doesn't apply here; that only happens to objects of transitive verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2014-12-19T05:13:58.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7796" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-19T17:25:27.167" Score="8" ViewCount="1882" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вопрос может показаться странным, но вот его логика. В современном русском практически не употребляют &lt;em&gt;смотря&lt;/em&gt; именно как деепричастие — оно прочно стало частью союзов &lt;em&gt;смотря как&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;смотря где&lt;/em&gt; и т.д. С другой стороны, &lt;em&gt;глядя&lt;/em&gt; постоянно встречается там, где в любой другой форме говорящий, скорее всего, употребил бы &lt;em&gt;смотреть&lt;/em&gt;, а не стилистически маркированное &lt;em&gt;глядеть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эта маркированность в случае &lt;em&gt;глядя&lt;/em&gt; не воспринимается, и мне кажется, что мысленная операция, приводящая к употреблению &lt;em&gt;глядя&lt;/em&gt; — это в большинстве случаев постановка глагола &lt;em&gt;смотреть&lt;/em&gt; в форму деепричастия, примерно так же, как мы неосознанно переключаемся между &lt;em&gt;класть&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;положить&lt;/em&gt;. Но видовая пара — это все-таки два разных глагола. А тут, если перефразировать подавляющее большинство фраз с &lt;em&gt;глядя&lt;/em&gt; (через &quot;когда&quot;, &quot;пока&quot; и т. п.), естественными будут изъявительные формы глагола &lt;em&gt;смотреть&lt;/em&gt;, а не &lt;em&gt;глядеть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дает ли это основания утверждать, что &lt;em&gt;глядя&lt;/em&gt;, помимо &quot;своего собственного&quot; глагола, употребляется еще и как супплетивное деепричастие от &lt;em&gt;смотреть&lt;/em&gt;, или это все-таки следует считать заменой глагола как такового?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-17T11:20:44.827" LastActivityDate="2015-07-29T12:55:38.447" Title="Можно ли считать &quot;глядя&quot; супплетивным деепричастием от &quot;смотреть&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7796" CreationDate="2014-12-19T22:27:44.467" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нет, всё-таки это не даёт основание утверждать, что &quot;глядя&quot; есть супплетивное деепричастие от &quot;смотреть&quot;. Равно как &quot;одолеем&quot; не является формой будущего времени глагола &quot;победить&quot; только лишь на том основании, что в современном русском языке де-факто никто не говорит &quot;побежду&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кроме того, как указали в комментариях, форма &quot;смотря&quot; употребляется хоть и реже, но не настолько редко, чтобы мы могли говорить о том, что она исчезла. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2014-12-20T02:24:30.843" LastActivityDate="2014-12-20T02:24:30.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7798" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7800" CreationDate="2014-12-20T21:17:39.010" Score="11" ViewCount="1971" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Canada we have the idiom &quot;selling ice to the eskimos&quot; to illustrate someone doing something redundant. What is it in russian that illustrates redundancy? I've looked at lists of idioms but haven't seen any that illustrate redundancy. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3911" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T02:09:08.323" Title="Russian idiom for redundancy" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7798" CreationDate="2014-12-20T22:32:35.240" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a native idiom, you are looking for&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&quot;&gt;ездить в Тулу со своим самоваром&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the &quot;Culture&quot; section of the Wikipedia page about Tula for more information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2014-12-21T00:02:02.977" LastActivityDate="2014-12-21T00:02:02.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7798" CreationDate="2014-12-20T22:32:51.590" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;When Israel sold snow-making machines to Russia for the Winter Olympiad in Sochi, there were lots of jokes that &quot;jews sold to russians snow in winter&quot;. The expression &lt;code&gt;продать снег зимой&lt;/code&gt; is quite well known. Although I don't think it's about redundancy; rather it means executing a clever con.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4620" LastActivityDate="2014-12-20T22:32:51.590" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7798" CreationDate="2014-12-21T01:34:44.103" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also a phrase similar to &lt;code&gt;taking coals to Newcastle&lt;/code&gt;:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;дрова в лес возить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which means &lt;code&gt;to carry wood back into the forest&lt;/code&gt;, to do something that is not needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3677" LastActivityDate="2014-12-21T01:34:44.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7798" CreationDate="2014-12-21T07:57:14.577" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use in Russian the literal translation, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Продавать снег эскимосам &quot;Sell snow to the eskimos&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it would be understood as a hopeless enterprise, defective by design business rather than &quot;persuading people against their will&quot; as you say it means in Canada.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="4799" LastEditDate="2014-12-22T07:51:21.517" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T07:51:21.517" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7804" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7808" CreationDate="2014-12-21T11:20:15.497" Score="6" ViewCount="518" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my cherished second-hand 1958 &lt;em&gt;Assimil&lt;/em&gt; textbook &lt;em&gt;Le russe sans peine&lt;/em&gt; I see the question &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это что за работа ?    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why the nominative case, where I would expect an accusative?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3917" LastActivityDate="2015-01-10T19:53:24.883" Title="Nominative after &quot;что за&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="10" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7805" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-21T11:46:16.157" Score="1" ViewCount="309" Body="&lt;p&gt;as an example in the name of the diet&#xA;for example &lt;a href=&quot;http://evehealth.ru/ochkovaya-dieta-khudeem-po-novomu/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Очковая диета&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4795" LastEditorUserId="4795" LastEditDate="2014-12-22T08:27:00.353" LastActivityDate="2014-12-23T20:33:19.120" Title="what it means &quot;Очковая диета&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7804" CreationDate="2014-12-21T11:55:30.167" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;[Это] Что за работа? = What the work is (what kind)? (Nomenative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что за работу? = What [they pay] for the work? (Accusative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Это что за работу ? &quot; - ungrammatical, unclear what is asked&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-12-21T11:55:30.167" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7804" CreationDate="2014-12-21T13:01:50.403" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Speaking about the preposition &lt;code&gt;за&lt;/code&gt;, there are many cases possible: not only accusative and nominative, but instrumental also.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что [это] за работа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with the meaning &lt;code&gt;What kind is this work of?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что [мне заплатят] за работу?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with the meaning &lt;code&gt;How much will I be paid for this work?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не спи за работой!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with the meaning &lt;code&gt;Don't sleep at work!&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4769" LastActivityDate="2014-12-21T13:01:50.403" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7804" CreationDate="2014-12-21T14:33:34.083" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Что за&lt;/em&gt; + nominative means &quot;what kind of [a]...?&quot;. It's similar to the German &lt;em&gt;Was für ein[e]...?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the nominative, it seems to be a fluke example of simply losing an oblique case (accusative), perhaps by analogy with &lt;em&gt;что такое&lt;/em&gt;, which was a strong influence since the accusative had only affected the &lt;em&gt;-а&lt;/em&gt; paradigm and the masculine animates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Czech and Slovak have the exact same construction but still use the accusative; in Slovak, the sentence in your example would be &lt;em&gt;Čo je to za robotu?&lt;/em&gt; Polish, on the other hand, uses nominative too: &lt;em&gt;Co to za praca?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2014-12-21T14:41:01.250" LastActivityDate="2014-12-21T14:41:01.250" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="540" CreationDate="2014-12-21T14:55:06.547" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ozhegov's dictionary (1986) says that фига or фиг means the same thing as кушиш which is defined as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;The fist with the thumb inserted between the index and middle fingers as a mark of contempt, abuse.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ozhegov does not explain what object, if any, this gesture might represent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ozhegov dictionary also states that the expression &quot;Фига (с) два.&quot; is &quot;a rude expression of denial or diagreement&quot; and that &quot;Не фига.&quot; means the same thing as &quot;Не чёрта.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While Ozhegov describes certain expressions using the word фиг as rude, and the gesture as contemptuous, he does not in any way suggest that they are actually obscene.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@Quassnoi in his answer says that фиг is a euphemism for vulva and that the gesture is obscene because it represents a vulva. If so, this is obscure knowledge. I have been told that its use is not obscene but childishly rude. In contrast, the middle finger gesture is in the US universally understood to be obscene because it represents an erect penis. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@Artyom says that фиг is “a very common word, that is used when you want to swear a little bit, so that your friends or even parents doesn't think very badly of you“. I believe this is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@user4599 claims that showing someone the фиг gesture is the equivalent “giving someone the finger” or using a certain expression of contempt containing the F-word. Its meaning is the same, but the level of vulgarity is very, very different. As @Artyom pointed out, “фиг” is a mild swear word. But, the F-word is just about the strongest swear word available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any expression containing the F-word occupies the highest level of coarseness. It is a word which is not supposed to be used where women and children can hear. Though it has existed in English-language subcultures for centuries (Shakespeare seems to have slyly alluded to it, there is evidence it was used by soldiers during the American Civil war, and it can be found in a few 19th century court transcripts), it is considered “unprintable”. Its use in public was quite literally so unacceptable that nobody would print it even in a dictionary between about 1600 and 1950. To this day mainstream newspapers will not print it and it is covered by a “bleep” noise in radio and television broadcasts. Films containing it are labeled as unsuitable for children under 13 years old. If it is used more than three times as a meaningless exclamation or even once to refer to copulation, then children under 17 will not be admitted without an accompanying adult.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have noticed some cases where Russians seem to underestimate its offensiveness. They may offer it as a translation for mildly rude Russian expressions. Also, I have heard it unbleeped when performers in Russian-language programs use it even though other coarse words they may use are bleeped out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think there are two reasons for this misunderstanding. The first is that when American movies are dubbed into Russian, the “seven dirty words” are translated using relatively mild expressions such as &quot;Боже мой”, “ерунда”, “подлец”, and “паразит”. The second reason is that if you do not know the cultural background which explains why some Americans talk like sailors in front of women and children, you could get the mistaken impression that the F-word is a mild cuss along the lines of “damn”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastActivityDate="2014-12-21T14:55:06.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7786" CreationDate="2014-12-21T16:32:10.257" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если поискать в Google Ngrams слово &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=12&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;самосвал&lt;/a&gt;, то слово якобы встречается еще в 1875 году, однако при просмотре детальных результатов оказывается что это ошибки автоматического распознавания (в том числе греческих слов). Есть там и книга 1975 года ошибочно индексированная как 1875, или журнал 1980 проиндексированный как 1930.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Самый первый результат когда употреблено именно слово &quot;самосвал&quot; относится к &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80&amp;amp;safe=off&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;biw=1142&amp;amp;bih=653&amp;amp;source=lnt&amp;amp;tbs=cdr%3A1%2Ccd_min%3A01.01.1900%2Ccd_max%3A31.12.1935&amp;amp;tbm=bks#safe=off&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;tbs=cdr:1%2Ccd_min:01.01.1900%2Ccd_max:31.12.1935&amp;amp;tbm=bks&amp;amp;q=%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;1934 году&lt;/a&gt;. Похоже это заголовок статьи:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Румяицев, Г. К. Самоопрокидывающийся кузов (самосвал) для 1,5-т грузовиков ГАЗ-АА.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если посмотреть в Википедии когда в РСФСР начали производить ГАЗ-АА, то это как раз начало 30-х. Судя по всему изначально слово &quot;самосвал&quot; к грузовику не относилось, а относилось только к его типу кузова. При этом слово дано в скобках, т.е. оно или жаргонное или узкоспециальное. Другими словами слово &quot;самосвал&quot; в значении &quot;грузовой автомобиль оборудованный особым кузовом&quot;, на этот момент еще не родилось. Собственно грузовик сам по себе был достаточно новым объектом чтобы делить его на разные специализированные категории.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Другими словами, похоже что заимствованного названия грузовиков-самосвалов не было, так как их первые образцы были самостоятельно изготовлены в России и тут же получили свое название.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну и соответственно замена &quot;думпкара&quot; (по ссылке George Shuklin есть пример употребления в 1930-м году) на &quot;самосвал&quot; относилась именно к вагонам-самосвалам, да и то произошла она не окончательно и бесповоротно, так как слово &quot;думпкар&quot; до сих пор используется на железнодорожном транспорте.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2014-12-21T16:32:10.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7811" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7812" CreationDate="2014-12-22T01:04:26.413" Score="5" ViewCount="326" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning / intention / desired interpretation from the audience of the body language shown in the images and subsequently described below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Note: Placing this question on Russian Language stack exchange is based on my personal speculation that this particular hand / arm gesture is unique to Russians or at least that geo-social section of the world. If this is not the case and I am merely ignorant please point that out and I will promptly delete the question.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ovem9.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Gesture made by Putin while speaking at a summit recently&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/C05SF.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Gesture often used by Sanda:ku&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, the gesture of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;While speaking...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;raising ones hand approximately chest height,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;placing the hand in front of (not close to) the side of ones chest,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;with the palm of the hand facing the chest,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the four fingers of the hand aligned together in the same direction,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;with those four fingers slightly curled in the direction of the speaker&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and the thumb at a perpendicular angle to those fingers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4797" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T07:42:58.337" Title="What is the meaning / intention / desired interpretation of this Russian body language?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2014-12-22T13:54:39.433" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7811" CreationDate="2014-12-22T05:04:17.100" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we would talk about the first picture, then the gesture is not so specific as you described it. You have to see it &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/COSOIOyecLs&quot;&gt;in a motion&lt;/a&gt;¹ to realise that it’s just &lt;em&gt;waving a hand&lt;/em&gt; in accordance with a rhythm of speech, he marks key words by sharp movements (downward), delays hand in pauses and so on; basically, an orator directs his own speech. How high the hand is raised, where is thumb, etc, is not so important, although it might be matter of personal habit or regional peculiarity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the second picture, it hard for me to say confidently what exactly artist tried to depict, if it is from an animated movie, again, you’d better look at it in motion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;¹ I can not say exact time, when this very photo is taken, but Putin uses that kind of gesticulation quite often.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2014-12-22T05:12:56.063" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T05:12:56.063" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7813" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7811" CreationDate="2014-12-22T07:42:58.337" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to Dmitry Alexandrov's answer, the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1UenANSnAA#t=216&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;repeating vertical motion&lt;/a&gt; discussed in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jMhrz_7XZE#t=42&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;media&lt;/a&gt; has nothing to do with karate or intimidation (this is so ridiculous), it's just like chopping the topic into a series of consecutive points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T07:42:58.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1917" CreationDate="2014-12-22T11:05:14.430" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вот, поискал про медведя и берлогу - оказалось очень интересно.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;БЕР (&quot;Бе + Ръ&quot;)&lt;/strong&gt; В разных словах этот корень раскрывается разными гранями своего объемного смысла. В одном из значений раньше этим словом называли &quot;медведя&quot; (отсюда в языке сохранилось слово &quot;берлога&quot; как &quot;медвежье логово&quot; или как &quot;медведя силовое основание движения&quot;). А еще это - одно из имен бога Велеса (его же именовали еще Святибором) и значит &quot;рожденный&quot;. Отсюда слово &quot;беременность&quot;. Родственные слова: БЕРег, БЕРкут, ЦерБЕР, БЕРеза и т.д. ... После утраты подлинных смыслов в обиходе остались два взаимосвязанных, но разнородных слова: &quot;берлога&quot; и &quot;медведь&quot;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово &quot;Медведь&quot; составлено из двух основ &quot;Мёд&quot; и &quot;Ведать&quot;, таким образом, медведь - ведающий в мёде.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Но слово &quot;Медведь&quot; не являлось истинным именем этого животного, его использовали все: женщины, ремесленники, дети.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Истинное же имя не использовали из суеверия, боясь позвать страшное животное. &#xA;Им пользовались только охотники. По всей видимости, оно звучало как &quot;бер&quot;, т.е. &quot;тот, кто берёт&quot;. В европейских языках оно и сейчас используется - &quot;bear&quot; в английском, &quot;baer&quot; в немецом. В русском же осталось слово &quot;берлога&quot; - ложе бера.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кстати, интересное явление: английский и немецкий языки, оказывается, гораздо дальше от латыни, ибо в английском -&quot;bear&quot; , в немецком &quot;baer&quot;, а по-латински медведь: ursus&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так-то. А вы говорите, мусор, нечистоты.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;П.С Со словами цербер и беременность я лично не не согласен, они здесь не к месту и к беру не относятся&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4676" LastEditorUserId="4676" LastEditDate="2014-12-22T11:14:33.450" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T11:14:33.450" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7798" CreationDate="2014-12-22T14:52:53.373" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's also a series of idioms that follow the pattern of &quot;...like [an animal] needs [an object]&quot;, e.g. &quot;Мне это нужно, как зайцу велосипед&quot; или &quot;Им это нужно, как рыбе зонтик&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T14:52:53.373" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7816" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-22T19:46:43.547" Score="3" ViewCount="35584" Body="&lt;p&gt;Существует ли всё-таки междометие &quot;блять&quot; или нет и уместно ли вообще говорить об ошибках в словах ненормативной лексики?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4808" LastActivityDate="2016-01-17T19:58:18.357" Title="&quot;Блять&quot; против &quot;блядь&quot;" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7798" CreationDate="2014-12-22T20:13:16.863" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two more idioms for redundancy. Both are used to describe an action, performed with an inappropriate instrument:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Стрелять из пушки по воробьям (To shoot sparrows from a cannon).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Микроскопом гвозди забивать (To hammer nails with a microscope).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2014-12-22T20:13:16.863" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7816" CreationDate="2014-12-23T08:03:12.047" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не существует. &lt;em&gt;Блять&lt;/em&gt; — это визуальная рифма с &lt;em&gt;ебать!&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;твою мать&lt;/em&gt;, и отсюда, наверно, возникло представление о том, будто &quot;так оно пишется, когда междометие&quot;, но нет, оно воспринималось и воспринимается как &quot;слово с ошибкой&quot;, даже когда с этой ошибкой употребляется намеренно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2014-12-23T08:03:12.047" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7816" CreationDate="2014-12-23T09:50:03.650" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Полностью соглашусь с ответом Николая Ершова, но добавлю еще ответ на вторую часть вопроса. А почему, собственно, может не быть уместным говорить об ошибках в словах ненормативной лексики? Они также являются частью корпуса языка и подчиняются тем же правилам, что и все остальные слова. И, к слову, &quot;блядь&quot; до середины 19 века было литературным словом, а изначально вообще значило всего-то &quot;ошибка&quot;/&quot;ошибаться&quot; и &quot;лгать&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4810" LastActivityDate="2014-12-23T09:50:03.650" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7769" CreationDate="2014-12-23T10:12:23.200" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ирина, у меня к вам небольшой вопрос. - More neutral&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ирина, у меня к вам вопросик. - More informal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;DO NOT put the name at the end of the sentence. It's not grammatically wrong, but we never, never do that, so it'll be a dead giveaway that you're not a native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;DO NOT use 'короткий вопрос'. Same as the previous one, we just don't use it like that. Ever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can leave out the name altogether. In Russian it's not natural to call a person by their name all the time. If you're talking to someone, just look at them, and they'll know you're talking to them and not a nearby wall. No need to call their name unnecessarily. Honestly, it's annoying and feels like you can't remember the person's name and have to repeat it all the time. If you're trying to catch a person's attention, it's fine to call their name, but, please, don't repeat it all the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if you're already talking to that Irina, you can say just:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня (к вам) (небольшой) вопрос. or У меня (к вам) вопросик.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can easily leave out the parts in brackets. In Russian it's natural to leave out a lot of things if they can be read from context, and in this case it's:&#xA;1) already obvious that you have a question for Irina, because you're talking to her, so there's no need to use 'к вам';&#xA;2) it's not really necessary to specify that the question is short unless Irina is really short on time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, you can also leave out 'у меня', because it's obvious that it's you who has the question. Which leaves...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос. or Вопросик.&#xA;But these two are rather informal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4810" LastActivityDate="2014-12-23T10:12:23.200" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7729" CreationDate="2014-12-23T10:40:53.557" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;vk.com for one. It's a Russian Facebook clone which many people use as a Tumblr substitute (yours truly included). If you find someone you want to talk to, just exchange Skypes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to how to find talking partners, just browse the 'groups' (&quot;Группы&quot;) and either search for English learners (then it'll be mutually beneficial), or for groups centred around your interests.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, don't be afraid to talk to girls just because they're girls (as a certain user suggested). That's sexist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if, by any chance, you're interested in anime/manga, Doctor Who, cats, or Java/Android programming, you can talk to me ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4810" LastActivityDate="2014-12-23T10:40:53.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7805" CreationDate="2014-12-23T20:33:19.120" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Очковая диета&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; simply means that instead of calories, you count points (&lt;em&gt;очки&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;баллы&lt;/em&gt;). Counting points is presumed to be easier than counting calories, mainly because the diet is accompanied by a comprehensive list of things you can eat and their assigned points, no background in nutritional science necessary. If you want to lose weight, you need stay within the daily point limit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Atkins diet is one famous example of a points diet, Weight Watchers is another. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1860" LastActivityDate="2014-12-23T20:33:19.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7740" CreationDate="2014-12-24T07:06:56.743" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A comment to Avi Gordon't answer that I (unfortunately) can't post as a proper comment (yet).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;бедолага&quot; uses the same -ага/-яга suffix that morphed with the root over time, and the root is &quot;беда&quot; (misfortune/disaster). So, &quot;бедолага&quot; is &quot;an unfortunate man&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rest has already been described by Avi Gordon. Accept that answer already :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4810" LastActivityDate="2014-12-24T07:06:56.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4364" CreationDate="2014-12-24T09:37:05.083" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fire, Water, and Brass Pipes (Russian: Огонь, вода и… медные трубы, Ogon', voda i... mednye truby) is a Soviet fantasy film directed by Aleksandr Rou. Its story and characters are derived from Slavic folklore. 1968 starring Natalya Sedykh&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4813" LastActivityDate="2014-12-24T09:37:05.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7705" CreationDate="2014-12-24T21:32:28.437" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;для того чтобы установить производность слова и, следовательно, определить, какое из сравниваемых родственных слов послужило базой для образования другого, то есть какое имеет производящую основу, а какое — производную, надо изучить конкретную историю этих слов и выяснить, какое из них более раннее, а какое более позднее, какое из слов исторически образовано от другого&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sci-book.com/russkiy-yazyik/slovoobrazovanie-sinhronnoe-istoricheskoe-72110.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Словообразование синхронное и историческое&lt;/a&gt; (В. А. Белошапкова, Е. А. Брызгунова, Е. А. Земская и др.. Современный русский язык: Учеб. для филол. спец. ун-тов)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2014-12-24T21:32:28.437" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7720" CreationDate="2014-12-25T10:32:22.867" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are basically 2 meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;На прОводах&lt;/em&gt; - kinda &lt;em&gt;on farewell party&lt;/em&gt; - in this context &lt;em&gt;farewell to military service&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;На проводАх&lt;/em&gt; (plural) or &lt;em&gt;на прОводе&lt;/em&gt; - means &lt;em&gt;on wires&lt;/em&gt; or just &lt;em&gt;connected&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;on line&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4815" LastActivityDate="2014-12-25T10:32:22.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7828" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7831" CreationDate="2014-12-25T12:31:36.440" Score="26" ViewCount="1042" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как известно, слово &quot;медведь&quot; это слово-заменитель табуированного &quot;истинного&quot; имени зверя. Похоже что такие замены происходили неоднократно - старое &quot;истинное&quot; имя забывалось и табу переходило на новое имя и так далее. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но если бы это имя не было табу, как бы оно звучало сегодня?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;За прошедшие тысячелетия слова теряли окончания, менялись гласные и т.д. как бы сегодня звучало слово *r̥ḱs-os/*r̥ḱt-os ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2017-05-11T18:46:39.980" Title="Как бы звучало по-русски название медведя *r̥ḱs-os/*r̥ḱt-os, доживи оно до наших дней?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7828" CreationDate="2014-12-25T16:50:43.947" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;ПИЕ форма: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;a̯rtcos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (после r идет t)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это дало бы что-то вроде ересь/ерсь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2014-12-25T16:50:43.947" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7828" CreationDate="2014-12-25T16:57:27.043" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;We can only reconstruct the PIE word through methods of comparative linguistics (comparing the similar words in the related language and trying to figure out their common source, which, being applied the sound changes relevant for the appropriate languages, would yield the attested words).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, the reconstructed word for &quot;bear&quot; is derived from 5 attested words from Latin, Ancient Greek, Sanskrit, Old Irish and Hittite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sound changes are not the only factor which defines the language development: metonymy, loaning, folk etymology, morphological transformations etc. all can contribute, and, unlike the sound changes, none of them can be predicted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This way, we can only hypothesize about &quot;what would the word look like, should it be only affected by the sound changes and nothing else&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus said, we can apply the following laws:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Post-Anatolian: initial laryngeal is lost, &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;tk&lt;/em&gt; is changed to a thorn cluster: &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;h₂ŕ̥tḱos&lt;/em&gt; &gt; &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;ŕ̥ḱtos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Proto-Slavic: the second part of the thorn cluster is dropped, &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;ŕ̥&lt;/em&gt; becomes &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;ьr/ъr&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;ḱ&lt;/em&gt; becomes &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;s&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;-os&lt;/em&gt; becomes &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;-ъ&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;ŕ̥ḱtos&lt;/em&gt; &gt; &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;ъrsъ/ьrsъ&lt;/em&gt;. However, since the reduced vowel could not start a word, either a metathesis would occur or a prosthetic sound would be added to the beginning of the word: &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;jьrsъ / &amp;#42;vъrsъ / &amp;#42;rъsъ / &amp;#42;rьsъ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Russian: the first reduced (in strong position) becomes &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;о&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;е&lt;/em&gt;, the second one (in weak position) falls:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;jьrsъ&lt;/em&gt; &gt; &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;ерс&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;vъrsъ&lt;/em&gt; &gt; &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;ворс&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;rъsъ&lt;/em&gt; &gt; &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;рос&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;rьsъ&lt;/em&gt; &gt; &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;рес&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, those are just wild hypotheses, as we all know the actual Russian word for &quot;bear&quot; has nothing to do with any of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2014-12-25T19:05:18.147" LastActivityDate="2014-12-25T19:05:18.147" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7828" CreationDate="2014-12-25T17:03:00.650" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;Очень интересный вопрос, давайте прикинем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I.&lt;/strong&gt; Сначала рассмотрим переход индоевропейских фонем в праславянские в варианте &lt;strong&gt;*r̥ḱt-os&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поскольку славянские языки – это языки &quot;satem&quot;, то &lt;strong&gt;*ḱ&lt;/strong&gt; &gt; &lt;strong&gt;*s&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Окончание &lt;strong&gt;*ŏs&lt;/strong&gt; &gt; &lt;strong&gt;*ŭs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;*r̥&lt;/strong&gt; &gt; &lt;strong&gt;*ăr&lt;/strong&gt; или &lt;strong&gt;*ŏr&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Получаем раннепраславянское &lt;strong&gt;*ărstŭs&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;*ŏrstŭs&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Далее начал действовать закон открытых слогов и возрастающей звучности слога, конечный &lt;strong&gt;*s&lt;/strong&gt; отпал, чтобы открыть конечный слог, и тогда сразу же &lt;strong&gt;*ŭ&lt;/strong&gt; &gt; &lt;strong&gt;*ъ&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;*ărstъ&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;*ŏrstъ&lt;/strong&gt;). Начальные сочетания гласного с плавным перед согласным перераспределились с удлинением гласного: &lt;strong&gt;*ărstъ&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;*ŏrstъ&lt;/strong&gt; &gt; &lt;strong&gt;*rāstъ&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;*rōstъ&lt;/strong&gt;, а долгие &lt;strong&gt;*ā&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;*ō&lt;/strong&gt; слились в один звук &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;. Таким образом, к концу праславянской эпохи мы имеем &lt;strong&gt;*rastъ&lt;/strong&gt;, что, в принципе, означает, что старославянская форма будет &lt;strong&gt;*растъ&lt;/strong&gt;. Русское соответствие этой форме однозначно определить невозможно, поскольку мы не знаем, какое ударение было в этой форме. Если ударение было восходящее, то получилось бы русское &lt;strong&gt;*раст&lt;/strong&gt; (как стсл. &lt;strong&gt;рало&lt;/strong&gt; ~ рус. &lt;strong&gt;рало&lt;/strong&gt;), а если нисходящее, то было бы &lt;strong&gt;*рост&lt;/strong&gt; (как стсл. &lt;strong&gt;равьнъ&lt;/strong&gt; ~ рус. &lt;strong&gt;ровный&lt;/strong&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть, для варианта &lt;strong&gt;*r̥ḱt-os&lt;/strong&gt; у нас получается русское &lt;strong&gt;*раст&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;*рост&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;II.&lt;/strong&gt; Для варианта &lt;strong&gt;*r̥ḱs-os&lt;/strong&gt; всё происходило бы точно так же, за тем исключением, что мы бы получили раннепраславянское &lt;strong&gt;*rassъ&lt;/strong&gt;, но закон открытых слогов и возрастающей звучности слога не допускал существования слога &lt;strong&gt;*ssъ&lt;/strong&gt;, поскольку два равных по звучности согласных не могли стоять рядом. Два одинаковых фрикативных согласных сливались в один, этот слог упростился в &lt;strong&gt;*sъ&lt;/strong&gt;, дав &lt;strong&gt;*rasъ&lt;/strong&gt; ~ стсл. &lt;strong&gt;*расъ&lt;/strong&gt; ~ рус. &lt;strong&gt;*рас&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;*рос&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Выводы&lt;/strong&gt;: Поскольку мы не обладаем абсолютно полной информацией, и поскольку мы лишь строим предположения, то к однозначному ответу прийти невозможно, тем более что даже протоиндоевропейский архетип неоднозначен. Тем не менее, определённые выводы можно сделать. Это слово бы звучало одним из четырёх способов:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;*раст&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;*рост&lt;/strong&gt; : &lt;strong&gt;*рас&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;*рос&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In English&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a very interesting question, let us investigate into it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I.&lt;/strong&gt; First, let us consider the change of the PIE phonemes into the Protoslavic ones for the &lt;strong&gt;*r̥ḱt-os&lt;/strong&gt; variant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the Slavic languages are &quot;satem&quot; languages, then &lt;strong&gt;*ḱ&lt;/strong&gt; &gt; &lt;strong&gt;*s&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ending &lt;strong&gt;*ŏs&lt;/strong&gt; &gt; &lt;strong&gt;*ŭs&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;*r̥&lt;/strong&gt; &gt; &lt;strong&gt;*ăr&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;*ŏr&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, we get the Early Protoslavic &lt;strong&gt;*ărstŭs&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;*ŏrstŭs&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then the law of the open syllables and the increasing sonority of the syllable came into action, the final &lt;strong&gt;*s&lt;/strong&gt; disappeared, and &lt;strong&gt;*ŭ&lt;/strong&gt; &gt; &lt;strong&gt;*ъ&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;*ărstъ&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;*ŏrstъ&lt;/strong&gt;). The initial vowel plus a liquid before a consonant combinations got rearranged and the vowel lengthened: &lt;strong&gt;*ărstъ&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;*ŏrstъ&lt;/strong&gt; &gt; &lt;strong&gt;*rāstъ&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;*rōstъ&lt;/strong&gt;, and the long &lt;strong&gt;*ā&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;*ō&lt;/strong&gt; merged into the single sound &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;. So, at the end of the Protoslavic epoch we have &lt;strong&gt;*rastъ&lt;/strong&gt;, which actually means that the Old Church Slavic form would be &lt;strong&gt;*растъ&lt;/strong&gt;. One cannot define a single Russian correspondence to this OCS form, since we do not know what tone it had. If the tone was rising, we would get Russian &lt;strong&gt;*раст&lt;/strong&gt; (like OCS. &lt;strong&gt;рало&lt;/strong&gt; ~ Rus. &lt;strong&gt;рало&lt;/strong&gt;), but if it was falling, we would get &lt;strong&gt;*рост&lt;/strong&gt; (like OCS. &lt;strong&gt;равьнъ&lt;/strong&gt; ~ Rus. &lt;strong&gt;ровный&lt;/strong&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That means that for &lt;strong&gt;*r̥ḱt-os&lt;/strong&gt; we would have Russian &lt;strong&gt;*раст&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;*рост&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;II.&lt;/strong&gt; For the &lt;strong&gt;*r̥ḱs-os&lt;/strong&gt; variant everything would be just the same way, only we would get Early Protoslavic &lt;strong&gt;*rassъ&lt;/strong&gt;, but the law of the open syllables and the increasing sonority of the syllable did not allow such syllables as &lt;strong&gt;*ssъ&lt;/strong&gt;, since two consonants of equal sonority could not stand together. Two fricative consonants merged, this syllable would get simplified into &lt;strong&gt;*sъ&lt;/strong&gt;, giving &lt;strong&gt;*rasъ&lt;/strong&gt; ~ OCS. &lt;strong&gt;*расъ&lt;/strong&gt; ~ Rus. &lt;strong&gt;*рас&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;*рос&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary&lt;/strong&gt;: Since we do not possess absolutely full information, and since we just make an assumption, we cannot come to the single correct answer. Nevertheless, we can make some conclusions. In Modern Russian this word would be one of the four:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;*раст&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;*рост&lt;/strong&gt; : &lt;strong&gt;*рас&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;*рос&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2014-12-25T17:48:45.163" LastActivityDate="2014-12-25T17:48:45.163" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7511" CreationDate="2014-12-26T09:34:13.887" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In its usage as a filler word, &lt;em&gt;значит&lt;/em&gt; generally signifies that the speaker is pursuing a particular train of thought, i.e. that they're on track and know what they're going to say next, even if they have a momentary difficulty. &lt;em&gt;Ну&lt;/em&gt;, on the other hand, is largely the opposite, an expression of looking for a thread to follow. You can think of &lt;em&gt;значит&lt;/em&gt; as reflecting the mental equivalent of consulting one's notes, whereas &lt;em&gt;ну&lt;/em&gt; is like flipping through the notebook to find the right page.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2014-12-26T09:34:13.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7833" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7836" CreationDate="2014-12-26T20:00:04.103" Score="4" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the violonchelo score of Баха Сюита номер 2, there are two notes that I don't understand, and I hope there's someone who knows about this. &#xA;One says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;до С.С.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and later there's another:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В.П.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I want to know where to find a musical diccionary for russian terminology since there are a lot of russian scores with russian notes in them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо большое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Image of the score&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZKlzA.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1770" LastEditorUserId="1770" LastEditDate="2014-12-27T05:28:14.617" LastActivityDate="2014-12-27T21:10:49.070" Title="About the notation on a musical score (Баха Сюита номер 2)" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;музыка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7834" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2014-12-26T20:00:52.753" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2014-12-26T20:00:52.753" LastActivityDate="2014-12-26T20:00:52.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7835" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2014-12-26T20:00:52.753" Score="0" Body="Questions about musical terminology and notation in Russian that are not easy to answer with a dictionary. " OwnerUserId="1770" LastEditorUserId="1770" LastEditDate="2014-12-27T17:07:16.580" LastActivityDate="2014-12-27T17:07:16.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7836" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7833" CreationDate="2014-12-27T21:10:49.070" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;До С.С.&quot; is &quot;до середины смычка&quot; (till the middle of the bow), &quot;В.П.&quot; is &quot;верхняя половина&quot; (upper half [of the bow]).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://otvet.mail.ru/question/173565791&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://otvet.mail.ru/question/173565791&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2014-12-27T21:10:49.070" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7692" CreationDate="2014-12-27T22:42:50.847" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вот вам еще смысл: мужик был андроидом. Сперва не работал (не функционировал), а потом решил заработать. И заработал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user4820" LastActivityDate="2014-12-27T22:42:50.847" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7838" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2014-12-28T16:39:47.987" Score="3" ViewCount="297" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do I say that something being a fair game in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Fair game wasn't meant to be read literally like честная игра. What it means is something that is allowed to be hunted for by the rules: &lt;em&gt;If you got your purse stolen from an unlocked car the police won't do anything, it's a fair game.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The origin of the phrase has much to do with the hunting regulations, the game (animals/wildfowl) can either be banned or allowed to hunt for. The allowed game is simply a fair game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Few more examples  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;But for a small subset of women, sexist jokes against men are a fair game.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;To the woman looking for a mate, he is a fair game even if he is married.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Threesomes, positions, cheating, tips on how to stay hard, cunnilingus and whatever was troubling or confusing, anything was a fair game.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2014-12-29T01:06:12.517" LastActivityDate="2015-01-04T14:14:08.607" Title="How do I say that something being a fair game in Russian?" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7838" CreationDate="2014-12-29T03:38:39.893" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A close, but much less idiomatic and versatile, translation would be &lt;em&gt;законная добыча&lt;/em&gt;. Here's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.inopressa.ru/article/27aug2014/foreignpolicy/nato2.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;an example&lt;/a&gt; from a website collecting translations of foreign news and analysis:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы как бы говорим русским: если страна не состоит в НАТО, она законная&#xA;  добыча. Это опасный сигнал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://foreignpolicy.com/2014/08/26/how-nato-could-confront-the-putin-doctrine/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Original&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You’re telling Russians that if you’re not a NATO member, you’re fair&#xA;  game. That’s a dangerous signal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2014-12-29T03:38:39.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7841" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7843" CreationDate="2014-12-29T04:50:22.250" Score="4" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;...при постройке Стены погибл&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; нe одна тысяча китайцев&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;...при постройке Стены погибл&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; нe одна тысяча китайцев&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should the verb be in plural or singular in such cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2014-12-29T06:51:51.853" Title="&quot;...при постройке Стены погиблА/И нe одна тысяча китайцев&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7842" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7845" CreationDate="2014-12-29T04:56:10.613" Score="4" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following sentence, do I need a comma before &quot;это&quot;? Or a dash? Or just a space would be all right?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всё, что им нужно было &lt;strong&gt;сделать, это&lt;/strong&gt; просто спеть эту песню.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всё, что им нужно было &lt;strong&gt;сделать - это&lt;/strong&gt; просто спеть эту песню.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всё, что им нужно было &lt;strong&gt;сделать это&lt;/strong&gt; просто спеть эту песню.&#xA;  ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2014-12-30T06:25:22.390" Title="What punctuation do I use in &quot;Всё, что ... это ...&quot; constructs?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7843" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7841" CreationDate="2014-12-29T06:17:07.497" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;...при постройке Стены погибла нe одна тысяча китайцев&quot;&#xA;The subject here is &quot;тысяча&quot;, so the rest of the grammatical structure should be built around it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically, you can use the verb in plural if you want to stress &quot;the Chinese&quot;, but it sounds off and is not exactly grammatically correct. Some people would still use it like that though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;При словах тысяча, миллион, миллиард сказуемое обычно согласуется по правилам согласования с подлежащими-существительными (в роде и числе), например: Тысяча книг поступила в школьную библиотеку; Миллион демонстрантов заполнил площади и улицы столицы.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Розенталь Д.Э., Джанджакова Е.В., Кабанова Н.П. Справочник по правописанию, произношению и литературному редактированию&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/64.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/64.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4810" LastEditorUserId="4810" LastEditDate="2014-12-29T06:51:51.853" LastActivityDate="2014-12-29T06:51:51.853" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7838" CreationDate="2014-12-29T06:34:48.690" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think there's an idiom in Russian with the exact same meaning and usage, but there are several you can use in different contexts. Nikolay Ershov's &quot;законная добыча&quot; is a good one, but it's ruder that &quot;fair game&quot; and not as widely used, also it's possessive (&quot;fair game&quot; is for everyone, and &quot;законная добыча&quot; implies an owner). &quot;Сам виноват&quot; is another not-so-polite expression, but a lot more common. It puts blame directly on the &quot;game&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, Russian is less &quot;hunter-oriented&quot; (or &quot;carnivorous&quot;), so I'd advise to rephrase what you want to say instead of searching for an expression that just doesn't exist. Or even if it does, it's either borrowed from English, is from criminal slang, or is generally out of use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4810" LastActivityDate="2014-12-29T06:34:48.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7842" CreationDate="2014-12-29T06:43:18.483" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first one. When a comma and a dash have to be used in the same place, the comma usually replaces the dash.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD sorry, my bad. A comma here would be colloquial. It's so widely used that I didn't even detect it as a mistake, shame on me ^_^&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Смещение конструкции может найти свое выражена в том, что главное предложение «перебивается» находящимся внутри его придаточным, например:&#xA;«Последнее, на чем следует остановиться, это на композиции книги» (следует: Последнее, на чем следует остановиться – это композиция книги).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Розенталь Д.Э., Джанджакова Е.В., Кабанова Н.П.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;СПРАВОЧНИК ПО ПРАВОПИСАНИЮ, ПРОИЗНОШЕНИЮ, ЛИТЕРАТУРНОМУ РЕДАКТИРОВАНИЮ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4810" LastEditorUserId="4810" LastEditDate="2014-12-30T06:25:22.390" LastActivityDate="2014-12-30T06:25:22.390" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7838" CreationDate="2014-12-29T15:50:10.860" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word «Дозволено» has a very similar meaning, except it's somewhat of a higher register and doesn't have that idiomatic ring to it. But I think that it fits well in all of the examples you've provided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="113" LastActivityDate="2014-12-29T15:50:10.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7842" CreationDate="2014-12-29T22:40:57.457" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всё, что им нужно было сделать - это просто спеть эту песню.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a correct variant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4825" LastActivityDate="2014-12-29T22:40:57.457" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2093" CreationDate="2014-12-30T00:29:54.973" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Москва - столица России&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means your addressee knows Moscow, you just add something to it or underline this property.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Москва - это столица России&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means you introduce new term, Moscow, which was prevuously unknown to your addressee, and define it as the capital of Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-01-05T23:22:22.807" LastActivityDate="2015-01-05T23:22:22.807" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4507" CreationDate="2014-12-30T14:58:06.217" Score="0" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Отраслевая экспертиза&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Промышленная экспертиза&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Промышленная оценка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Экспертная промышленная оценка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Экспертиза промышленности&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and many other variants, depending on context&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4827" LastActivityDate="2014-12-30T14:58:06.217" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7852" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7854" CreationDate="2014-12-31T13:50:14.963" Score="4" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't understand the function of &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; in this sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Возле окна — большая клетка Букли. Сейчас она пустая: Букля уже два&#xA;  дня как улетела.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know there a usage of &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; with perfective verbs that means &quot;suddenly.&quot; However I wonder if here it isn't &quot;approximating&quot; two days: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt; two days ago.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2014-12-31T14:27:31.337" LastActivityDate="2015-01-07T20:27:13.550" Title="Meaning of как + time elapsed" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7852" CreationDate="2014-12-31T13:59:46.970" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; refers to &lt;strong&gt;уже два дня&lt;/strong&gt;, not to the verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[Вот] уже&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;period of time&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; means 'it's already been &lt;em&gt;period of time&lt;/em&gt; since', and &quot;Букля уже два дня как улетела&quot; means 'it's been already two days since Buklya flew away.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2014-12-31T14:24:47.170" LastActivityDate="2014-12-31T14:24:47.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7852" CreationDate="2015-01-01T00:33:53.740" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is unrelated to the &lt;em&gt;как&lt;/em&gt; that expresses suddenness. And approximating two days would be an entirely different construction: &lt;em&gt;Букля улетела &lt;strong&gt;дня два&lt;/strong&gt; назад.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In phrases like this one, &lt;em&gt;как&lt;/em&gt; serves to further stress that the time elapsed is the focus/&quot;rheme&quot;/new information communicated by the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-01-01T00:33:53.740" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7855" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-01T07:20:32.073" Score="5" ViewCount="345" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard the phrase while listening songs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... Я буду ждать лишь твоей улыбки,&#xA;    И буду слушать твои пластинки ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;макsим, ветром стать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... Твои пластинки слушала я &#xA;    И в кождой находила себя ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;винтаж, ева&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I searched пластинки in dictionary and found out it means plate, layer. &#xA;Well, I don't get the meaning :(&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4832" LastActivityDate="2015-01-11T11:13:53.037" Title="Слушать пластинки?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7855" CreationDate="2015-01-01T08:26:32.597" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this context, the word refers to vinyl records.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1573" LastActivityDate="2015-01-01T08:26:32.597" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7857" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-01T17:50:48.333" Score="1" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;Several times, I've seen влезать used in connection with transportation, for getting on a bus, plane, metro, etc. In this usage, does it just mean to get on, or does it have another nuance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-01-01T23:35:27.240" Title="Meaning of влезать в/на +mode of transport" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7858" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7860" CreationDate="2015-01-01T18:12:25.803" Score="1" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;When would I use the accusative case for adjectives? I get that there are different endings for different cases but I don't understand how to use the accusative case. &#xA;If you could use examples, that would be great! Thanks! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Btw, isn't the accusative case like: me, him, her, you, it, us, them ? Or am I completely wrong? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks a ton! :D&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4834" LastActivityDate="2015-01-01T22:30:15.913" Title="What is the accusative case for adjectives?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7857" CreationDate="2015-01-01T21:03:30.997" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It usually means having some difficulty getting on a bus/train/etc. It doesn't matter what kind of difficulty it is — the bus being overcrowded, too much luggage, broken leg, being tired, you name it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4620" LastActivityDate="2015-01-01T21:03:30.997" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7858" CreationDate="2015-01-01T22:30:15.913" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian adjectives always agree with the nouns, so whenever an adjective belongs to an object, you would likely put in the accusative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;синяя&lt;/strong&gt; краска  (nominative)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я взял &lt;strong&gt;синюю&lt;/strong&gt; краску (accusative)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, the object form (me, you, him, her) often corresponds to Accusative in Russian, but it may also correspond to Nominative (&quot;you and me&quot;), Genitive (&quot;without me&quot;), Dative (&quot;tell me please&quot;) and other cases&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-01-01T22:30:15.913" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7857" CreationDate="2015-01-01T23:35:27.240" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;влезать (= входить) в автобус - enter the bus&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;влезать (= залазить) &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; автобус - climb &lt;strong&gt;on&lt;/strong&gt; the bus (roof)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4836" LastActivityDate="2015-01-01T23:35:27.240" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7862" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7863" CreationDate="2015-01-02T17:59:46.713" Score="3" ViewCount="175" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the etymology of the Russian word фум-лента (for isolating waterpipes)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4837" LastActivityDate="2015-01-02T18:12:50.240" Title="Etymology of word фум-лента" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7862" CreationDate="2015-01-02T18:09:36.347" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an abbreviation of &quot;Фторопластовый уплотнительный материал&quot;, nothing less nothing more. &#xA;So it's basically means that this is a fluoroplastic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2015-01-02T18:09:36.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7865" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7866" CreationDate="2015-01-03T00:43:26.657" Score="2" ViewCount="884" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a beginner to Russian and I was learning the cases for adjectives. For several of the cases there was a different ending with &quot;(anim.)&quot; after it. What does this mean? The table I saw this on: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WUkmS.png&quot; alt=&quot;Table&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4834" LastActivityDate="2015-01-03T01:09:29.883" Title="In reference to Adjectives what does &quot;anim.&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7865" CreationDate="2015-01-03T01:09:29.883" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;That &lt;code&gt;anim.&lt;/code&gt; stands for 'animate'. Russian nouns are classified into&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Animate nouns&lt;/strong&gt; (people, animals, but also names of different kinds of dolls, the noun 'мертвец' - 'dead man', and 'робот' - 'robot'), they have &lt;strong&gt;Accusative case&lt;/strong&gt; the same as &lt;strong&gt;Genitive case&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inanimate nouns&lt;/strong&gt; (the rest of the nouns), they have &lt;strong&gt;Accusative case&lt;/strong&gt; the same as &lt;strong&gt;Nominative case&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The adjectives agree with nouns in case, number, gender and animacy/inanimacy, so they get their Accusative case accordingly. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу большой дом. - I can see a big house. (The noun &lt;em&gt;дом&lt;/em&gt; 'house' is inanimate, so both the noun and the adjective &lt;em&gt;большой&lt;/em&gt; 'big' are in the Accusative case and it coincides with the Nominative case of those words.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу большого медведя. - I can see a big bear. (The noun &lt;em&gt;медведь&lt;/em&gt; 'bear' is animate, so both the noun and the adjective &lt;em&gt;большой&lt;/em&gt; 'big' are in the Accusative case and it coincides with the Genitive case of those words.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see from the tables, the category of animacy/inanimacy in the singular number nouns and adjectives is realised only for those of the masculine gender, but in the plural number it is realised for every noun and adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the very basic notion of the Russian grammar, every beginner textbook must definitely explain it. Read more about it here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.study-languages-online.com/russian-animate-inanimate.html&quot;&gt;Animate and inanimate nouns. Animacy in Russian.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-01-03T01:09:29.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7867" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7868" CreationDate="2015-01-03T11:07:46.913" Score="3" ViewCount="608" Body="&lt;p&gt;Being near something means to have it. у него есть чемодан - by him is a suitcase.&#xA;Are there other examples of Russian thinking, that can help me learn the language?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More examples I discovered:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English thinking -                                           Russian thinking&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English: &quot;On the one hand I think..., on the other hand, I think...&quot;&#xA;Russian: &quot;On the one side..., on the other side...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English: &quot;We go to the county-side...&quot;&#xA;Russian: &quot;We go to nature...&quot;     (Мы идем к природе)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English: &quot;in my opinion&quot;&#xA;Russian: &quot;as for me&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English: &quot;my pleasure; you're welcome; no problem&quot;&#xA;Russian: &quot;please&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English: &quot;I feel great&quot;&#xA;Russian: &quot;I feel myself great&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4702" LastEditorUserId="4702" LastEditDate="2015-01-07T04:51:02.320" LastActivityDate="2015-01-07T18:26:03.480" Title="у него есть чемодан - by him is a suitcase" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="10" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7867" CreationDate="2015-01-03T12:49:56.280" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally, what can help you learn a language is something that's largely the opposite; not reading too much into its grammar and idiomatics. And in this particular example, &quot;being near something means to have it&quot; is not even the correct literal interpretation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt; of &lt;em&gt;у него есть&lt;/em&gt; can only roughly be translated as &quot;by&quot;; it's not quite the same &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt;  that denotes spatial proximity. What I mean is: consider &lt;em&gt;John chopped wood with his axe&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;John chopped wood with his father&lt;/em&gt;. The latter can be rephrased as &lt;em&gt;John and his father chopped wood [together]&lt;/em&gt;; with the former, you can only do that as a joke. In the same way, there are usages of &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt; that can be replaced with a synonymous preposition, &lt;em&gt;возле&lt;/em&gt;, and there are those that cannot. Thus &lt;em&gt;У реки есть гостиница&lt;/em&gt; &quot;there is a hotel by the river&quot; and &lt;em&gt;У реки есть приток&lt;/em&gt; &quot;the river has a tributary&quot; may look grammatically the same, but they're intuitively different to a Russian speaker, and the test is that you can also say &lt;em&gt;Возле реки есть гостиница&lt;/em&gt; while saying &lt;em&gt;*Возле реки есть приток&lt;/em&gt; would be a case of &quot;John and his axe chopping wood together&quot;. Just like English has, as it were, a separate &lt;em&gt;with&lt;/em&gt; denoting instrumentality (which is a usage of &quot;with&quot; that doesn't exist in Russian), so does Russian have a separate &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt; denoting ownership.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could argue, of course, that there must have been an earlier stage when this usage of &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt; hadn't yet been grammaticalised, and so one &lt;em&gt;did&lt;/em&gt; speak of &quot;having&quot; something in terms of &quot;being near&quot; something. But here's the tricky thing about &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt;: it's slightly narrower in meaning than &lt;em&gt;возле&lt;/em&gt;, in that it can only express proximity to something that is, for all practical purposes, completely immovable; a part of the fixed scenery of life. Thus when applied to a person, it would mean something like the French &lt;em&gt;chez&lt;/em&gt; — &quot;at X's place&quot;, which was presumably then generalised to mean &quot;in the domain of X's possessions&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, the verb &quot;to have&quot; is itself a late invention in Indo-European languages. PIE itself is believed to have expressed ownership in a manner more similar to modern Russian, but using the dative: thus in Schleicher's fable, we have &lt;em&gt;*h₂áu̯ei̯ h₁i̯osméi̯ h₂u̯l̥h₁náh₂ né h₁ést&lt;/em&gt; — literally &quot;a sheep, to whom wool was not&quot; — meaning &quot;a sheep that had no wool&quot;. The English &lt;em&gt;have&lt;/em&gt; and the (surprisingly unrelated) Latin &lt;em&gt;habeō&lt;/em&gt; both started out as verbs for taking; Spanish even went through this shift once more — relegating &lt;em&gt;haber&lt;/em&gt; to a purely auxiliary function and adopting &lt;em&gt;tener&lt;/em&gt;, originally &quot;to hold&quot;, as the verb for actual &quot;having&quot;. But, as the song goes, to have is not to hold; and in the case of Russian, to be near something is not to have it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-01-03T13:19:59.010" LastActivityDate="2015-01-03T13:19:59.010" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7869" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-03T14:36:48.963" Score="3" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this passage, I don't understand why the past form прилипли is used instead of a participle, and given that the rest of the sentence talks about the general present, i.e. (теперь) весь день проводит, подбородки работают:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И теперь Дадли весь день проводит на кухне; маленькие поросячьи глазки&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;прилипли&lt;/strong&gt; к экрану, а пять подбородков работают без остановки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-01-05T04:24:06.953" Title="Use of past form amongst present forms" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7869" CreationDate="2015-01-03T15:01:06.820" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Прилипли&lt;/em&gt; is a completed action and, as such, requires a perfective verb, and those only have a past and a future tense. If &lt;em&gt;прилипают&lt;/em&gt; was used instead, the resulting impression would be either that Dudley's eyes are in the middle of becoming glued to the screen (which makes no sense as far as the metaphor goes), or of a very attention-intensive narration of a sequence of events (jokes and sports commentary use the imperfective present throughout) that would, again, be incongruous here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-01-03T15:06:21.897" LastActivityDate="2015-01-03T15:06:21.897" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7869" CreationDate="2015-01-03T15:49:47.537" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;What matters in you example is actually not the difference of Present vs. Past tense, but the difference of Imperfective vs. Perfective aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Imperfective aspect has the meaning of the English Continuous or Non-continuous aspects, depending on the context. The Perfective aspect shows an action as having either the beginning or the end, also depending on the context and on the nature of the action the verb denotes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The lack of the context in your example makes it impossible to define whether we should translate the two Imperfective verbs &lt;strong&gt;проводит&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;работают&lt;/strong&gt; as Continuous or Non-continious (Simple) English verbs (or even as Perfect Continuous), this distinction is irrelevant in Russian. But it is absolutely clear that the Perfective verb &lt;strong&gt;прилипли&lt;/strong&gt; shows the action as finished, having come to its end, 'got glued and remained like that', because the very action of getting glued to something can hardly be imagined as having its beginning, since it is a momentary action, and its consequence (got glued or not) is always more important than the way it begins (started to get glued or not).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-01-03T15:49:47.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7872" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7873" CreationDate="2015-01-03T19:42:38.010" Score="6" ViewCount="1972" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Примечание для себя&quot; - явно не подходит.&#xA;&quot;Напоминалка&quot;?&#xA;Или же &quot;Памятка&quot;?&#xA;Встретил вот здесь: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Note to self: Reduce length of the sessions to twenty minutes next time.&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4843" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T10:16:20.747" Title="&quot;Note to self&quot; - как лучше всего перевести?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7872" CreationDate="2015-01-03T22:44:53.627" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется, адекватного перевода просто не существует. В данном случае я перевёл бы так: &lt;code&gt;На будущее: уменьшить длину сессий до двадцати минут&lt;/code&gt;, запихав &lt;code&gt;next time&lt;/code&gt; туда же, в &lt;code&gt;на будущее&lt;/code&gt;. В других контекстах возможен перевод &lt;code&gt;Не забыть:...&lt;/code&gt;, или, с переходом в третье лицо, &lt;code&gt;он сделал себе мысленную отметку...&lt;/code&gt; — в общем, много вариантов для частных случаев и ни одного универсального.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4620" LastActivityDate="2015-01-03T22:44:53.627" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7872" CreationDate="2015-01-04T01:21:34.207" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Думаю, самая близкая по значению русская идиома, это &quot;не наступай на грабли&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4846" LastActivityDate="2015-01-04T01:21:34.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7796" CreationDate="2015-01-04T02:02:05.087" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Глядеть и смотреть - это не синонимы и, тем более, не супплетивы, они имеют разное значение. Глядеть означает направить взгляд в сторону чего либо. Смотреть означает направить свое внимание на что-либо. Например, глядя в окно, я смотрел на дорогу. Это же относится и к деепричастиям, образованным от этих глаголов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4846" LastActivityDate="2015-01-04T02:02:05.087" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7876" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-04T11:45:27.373" Score="4" ViewCount="3572" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the closest translation of Russian &quot;что ли&quot; in a context like &#xA;- Я вчера на выставке кое-кого встретила.&#xA;- Марину, что ли?&#xA;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4849" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T13:15:09.140" Title="What does &quot;что ли&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7876" CreationDate="2015-01-04T13:06:32.247" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Что ли&lt;/em&gt; expresses a guess. The closest general equivalent is &quot;...or what?&quot;, but here, it probably shouldn't be translated at all. &quot;Marina?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-01-04T13:06:32.247" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7876" CreationDate="2015-01-04T13:06:46.503" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a particle, expressing a guess with some degree of uncertainty, similar to English &amp;quot;or what&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;or something&amp;quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;- Я вчера на выставке кое-кого встретила. - Марину, что ли?&lt;/em&gt; / &amp;quot;Yesterday I met someone at the show&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;Marina, or what&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;- В месяц он получал триста, что ли, рублей&lt;/em&gt; / &amp;quot;He made three hundred rubles a month, or something&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-01-04T13:11:48.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7838" CreationDate="2015-01-04T14:14:08.607" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;in colloquial Russian, comparable idioms would come from criminal lingo rather than from hunting. Thus the focus on the victim that is meaningless in hunting:  &quot;Сам виноват&quot;; &quot;сам напросился&quot;; &quot;лох&quot; etc. &#xA;There is also &quot;все честно / все законно / все по закону&quot;, e.g., in your example, &quot;если бумажник украли из незапертой машины, то тут все честно&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4605" LastActivityDate="2015-01-04T14:14:08.607" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7876" CreationDate="2015-01-04T14:19:09.683" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not just a guess, abut also a surprise, sometimes a suspicion, or even dismissal of the other's point of view. So your example can be translated as:&#xA;- &quot;Like who? Marina?&quot; &#xA;- &quot;And who might that someone be? Marina perhaps?&quot;&#xA;- &quot;What, like, Marina?&quot;&#xA;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4605" LastActivityDate="2015-01-04T14:19:09.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7876" CreationDate="2015-01-04T20:46:42.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can be explained comparing: &quot;Марину, наверное(perhaps)?&quot;?, &quot;Марину?&quot; and &quot;Марину, что ли?&quot; &#xA;First means &quot;let me guess! my guess is based on context of my own information&quot;, second means: &quot;I need to update my understanding of who you are talking about&quot;, and third adds to second &quot;that is so complex or not interesting or that I always know&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I could propose &quot;Wasn't she?&quot; - it should add some &quot;cold&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4850" LastActivityDate="2015-01-04T20:46:42.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7883" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7876" CreationDate="2015-01-05T04:28:38.993" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you use Google Translate, you will get:&#xA;Yesterday I was at the show met someone . - Marina , or what? Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is incorrect. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct translation would be: Was it Marina? Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4848" LastActivityDate="2015-01-05T04:28:38.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7876" CreationDate="2015-01-05T05:44:53.350" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American English, you would answer with something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Who, Tom?&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You might also say, &quot;Tom? or Who?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, some might say, &quot;Not Tom!?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tom/Marina, whoever. Remember, the most important part of this statement is the intonation. We wouldn't use the &quot;что ли&quot; in this case, but we would change our pitch to express in English the same sentiment that &quot;что ли&quot; expresses in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4853" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2019-03-25T13:15:09.140" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T13:15:09.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7876" CreationDate="2015-01-05T10:19:07.930" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Что ли&quot; can express a guess (with high probability, when you're just making sure you're right), surprise (when you already suspect it might be so), or be used to keep the conversation flowing. So, the closest English structure would be question tags (&quot;isn't it?&quot;). It's also the same level of colloquial. Or you can make it even more colloquial, even to the point of making it technically grammatically wrong, it'd still be the same style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I met someone at the exhibition yesterday.&quot; - &quot;Marina, was it?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4810" LastActivityDate="2015-01-05T10:19:07.930" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7872" CreationDate="2015-01-05T10:35:24.330" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;В учебнике русского для иностранцев было бы &quot;обрати внимание!&quot; с какой-нибудь картинкой. В &quot;Лестнице&quot;, кажется, так и было :) А так, скорее, &quot;заметка&quot;. Или NB (да, не по-русски, но используется часто, по крайней мере на филфаке :) ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4810" LastActivityDate="2015-01-05T10:35:24.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7887" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7889" CreationDate="2015-01-05T23:43:00.577" Score="3" ViewCount="372" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, when the two sides of a coin are described it is conventional to speak about heads before tails. For instance, we'd ask &quot;heads or tails?&quot; when flipping a coin and someone has to choose a side, and if just one side of a coin is in the background to a probability problem then it is usually heads (e.g., &quot;a biased coin has the probability of heads as 1/3&quot;).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, &lt;em&gt;heads&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;орёл&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;tails&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;решка&lt;/em&gt;. Is it conventional in Russian to give preference to &lt;em&gt;орёл&lt;/em&gt; before &lt;em&gt;решка&lt;/em&gt; in such situations, presumably for alphabetical reasons?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-01-06T15:17:49.010" LastActivityDate="2015-01-06T15:17:49.010" Title="&quot;Орел и решка&quot; or &quot;решка и орёл&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7888" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-06T00:12:02.253" Score="1" ViewCount="530" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is book series for example for English learners and these books are contains different level books from beginner to upper intermediate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is there pdf books in Russian like these ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4855" LastActivityDate="2016-12-29T22:54:19.360" Title="Is there book series for russian learners?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;resources&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2016-12-29T23:05:40.170" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7887" CreationDate="2015-01-06T00:33:39.190" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Intuitively, I do feel that there's a preference for putting &lt;em&gt;орёл&lt;/em&gt; first, and a quick exact phrase search on Google confirms it: &lt;em&gt;орёл или решка&lt;/em&gt; is about three times more frequent than &lt;em&gt;решка или орёл&lt;/em&gt;, and the prevalence of &lt;em&gt;орёл и решка&lt;/em&gt; over &lt;em&gt;решка и орёл&lt;/em&gt; is astronomical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I don't think this has to do with the alphabet. It might be the same case of a culturally &quot;preferred&quot; side of a nominally equal relationship (much like with the preference for right over left in many languages); in Russian, &lt;em&gt;орёл&lt;/em&gt; would predictably be considered the more &quot;dignified&quot; side, not just because of the imagery invoked but also for euphonic reasons; &lt;em&gt;решка&lt;/em&gt;, while having no meaning outside of &quot;heads on a coin&quot;, sounds harsh and almost pejorative. English possibly mirrors this situation because a head is intuitively more &quot;dignified&quot; than a tail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prosody may also be involved: the naturally rhythmic &lt;em&gt;орёл и[ли] решка&lt;/em&gt; flows much better than &lt;em&gt;решка и[ли] орёл&lt;/em&gt;, with its three or four consecutive unstressed syllables.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-01-06T00:33:39.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7872" CreationDate="2015-01-06T03:41:43.513" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Взять на заметку&quot; is, in my view, a quite close translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3727" LastActivityDate="2015-01-06T03:41:43.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7893" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7894" CreationDate="2015-01-07T12:52:37.257" Score="0" ViewCount="3604" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему глагол &lt;em&gt;увидеть&lt;/em&gt; склоняется по 2-ому спряжению? &lt;em&gt;видеть&lt;/em&gt; относится ко 2-ому спряжению, а &lt;em&gt;увидеть&lt;/em&gt; -- это другой глагол и должен относиться к 1-ому спряжению.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2306" LastActivityDate="2015-01-07T13:28:29.137" Title="Почему &quot;увидеть&quot; склоняется по 2-ому спряжению?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7893" CreationDate="2015-01-07T13:28:29.137" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему должен? Есть глагол &lt;em&gt;увидать&lt;/em&gt;, вот он действительно другой. А приставка и, соответственно, категория вида на спряжение никак не влияют.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-01-07T13:28:29.137" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7895" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1763" CreationDate="2015-01-07T14:15:49.870" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется, &lt;em&gt;ласочка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;досочка&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;рясочка&lt;/em&gt; — просто реэтимологизация, и никакой древности тут нет, а наоборот, сравнительно позднее явление, когда до этимологически правильных &lt;em&gt;лащечка&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;рящечка&lt;/em&gt; (ср. &lt;em&gt;дощечка&lt;/em&gt;) языковая интуиция уже &quot;не дотягивалась&quot;, так что формы образовывались по аналогии с теми, где &lt;em&gt;-к-&lt;/em&gt; выступает как суффикс. Или, возможно, язык отмел эти правильные формы из-за их неблагозвучия, которое в &quot;дощечке&quot; смягчено положением ударения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-01-07T14:15:49.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7896" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7897" CreationDate="2015-01-07T14:49:30.607" Score="2" ViewCount="571" Body="&lt;p&gt;A teacher explained to me that for imperfective verbs of motion, the verb termed one-directional is present/past continuous in translation and should be chosen for use on that basis, not on a complicated understanding of directionalness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone provide an explanation of verbs of motion imperfectives that does not use the word multi-/single-directional? If it is so simple as she says, I wonder why all this garbage about direction and return trips.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4865" LastActivityDate="2015-01-11T16:22:04.153" Title="Verbs of motion present/past continuous" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7897" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7896" CreationDate="2015-01-07T16:57:11.717" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I too find the notion of direction very confusing. I'd rather think of what is described as multidirectionalness as a property or a capability. Only the &quot;multidirectional&quot; member of each pair of verbs of motion can be used with &lt;em&gt;I can&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;я умею&lt;/em&gt; (or, more generally, &lt;em&gt;to be able to&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;уметь&lt;/em&gt;). The logic then goes like this: I can do it =&gt; I tend to do it sometimes (habitually) =&gt; this motion tends to occur in various ways (and directions). Hence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сова умеет летать&lt;/em&gt; =&gt; &lt;em&gt;сова летает&lt;/em&gt; =&gt; &lt;em&gt;сова летает бесшумно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(The owl can fly =&gt; the owl flies =&gt; the owl flies quietly - indefinite tense)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As opposed to a motion which is happening here and now:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Сова летит на север&lt;/em&gt; (The owl is flying North - continuous tense)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately there are situations where this notion of property/capability/habit does not help:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сова летает над полем&lt;/em&gt; (туда-сюда) - &lt;em&gt;the owl is flying over the field&lt;/em&gt; (back and fro)&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although Russian uses &lt;em&gt;летать&lt;/em&gt; here, English still calls for Present Continuous because the motion is happening here and now. In such situations multidirectionalness seems to be your only guide. I would suggest to first think if the motion is described in English using a continuous tense. If the answer is &lt;em&gt;yes&lt;/em&gt; then think if the motion is occurring in multiple directions. If the answer is still &lt;em&gt;yes&lt;/em&gt; then you most certainly need the multidirectional (habitual) member of the verb pair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And to make matters worse:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now or habitually? - Habitually. (Multidirectional verb then? - No, wait for it)&#xA;Does the sentence explicitly mention a single direction or route? - Yes!&#xA;You need the unidirectional verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Зимой птицы летят на юг&lt;/em&gt; - In winter birds fly South.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2015-01-07T17:25:33.087" LastActivityDate="2015-01-07T17:25:33.087" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7898" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7900" CreationDate="2015-01-07T18:02:11.280" Score="2" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно: &quot;над вязаньем&quot; или &quot;над вязанием&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2306" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T13:03:17.510" Title="&quot;над вязаньем&quot; или &quot;над вязанием&quot;?" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7898" CreationDate="2015-01-07T19:06:20.233" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;По современным правилам правильно &quot;над вязанием&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чередование И // ноль звука (лить – льет, бить – бьет, Мария – Марья, собрание - собранье) связано с наличием в древнерусском языке редуцированного И, который в слабой позиции утратился. Данное чередование широко представлено в словах с односложным корнем:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вить – вьет,&#xA;  шить – шьет,&#xA;  пить – пьет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Произношение -ия, -ие на конце существительных долгое время поддерживалось церковно-славянской и книжной традицией, поэтому чередование -ия // ья; -ие // -ье сохраняется и в настоящее время, при этом формы на -ье носят разговорный оттенок, формы на -ья свойственны некоторым русским именам, ср.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;житие – житьё,&#xA;  участие – участье,&#xA;  известие – известье,&#xA;  объятия – объятья,&#xA;  крещение – крещенье,&#xA;  Наталия – Наталья,&#xA;  Дария – Дарья.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.proza.ru/2013/07/24/532&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.proza.ru/2013/07/24/532&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ье&lt;/em&gt; также распространено в поэтических текстах, когда автор стремится сохранить размер или (в современной поэзии) придать тексту архаично-лирический оттенок. Возможны также замены нормативного &lt;em&gt;-ье&lt;/em&gt; на &lt;em&gt;-ие&lt;/em&gt;, они придают тексту архаично-возвышенную окраску и используются чаще всего в сатирических целях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2015-01-08T13:03:17.510" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T13:03:17.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7901" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7904" CreationDate="2015-01-07T20:15:50.707" Score="2" ViewCount="166" Body="&lt;p&gt;нет ничего постоянного, кроме перемен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;there is nothing permanent, except change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4727" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T20:45:08.790" Title="Is this sentence correct?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7852" CreationDate="2015-01-07T20:19:05.027" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a certain colloquial trend where conjunction &lt;em&gt;как&lt;/em&gt; replaces &lt;em&gt;когда&lt;/em&gt;. E.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;дойдёте до перекрёстка, поверните налево&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I think I can see a direct analogy in English: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;When&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;you reach the junction turn left&lt;/em&gt; =&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;As&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;you reach the junction turn left&lt;/em&gt; - is it a contraction of &lt;em&gt;as soon as&lt;/em&gt;?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure as to the reasons for this phenomenon but the following excerpt from Lermontov's well-known pastiche indicates that some historical process may be at work here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как сходилися, собиралися&#xA;Удалые бойцы московские&#xA;На Москву-реку, на кулачной бой,&#xA;Разгуляться для праздника, потешиться.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I am tempted to hypothesize a transformation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Прошло &amp;lt;уже&gt;&lt;/em&gt; [a period of time] &lt;em&gt;с тех пор (с того момента) как (когда)&lt;/em&gt; [the event happened] =&gt; &amp;lt;уже&gt; [a period of time] &lt;em&gt;как&lt;/em&gt; [the event happened] =&gt; [the event] &amp;lt;уже&gt; [a period of time] &lt;em&gt;как&lt;/em&gt; [happened].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also argue that this usage does preserve a certain shade of suddenness or rather    instantaneousness of the event or the particular moment. One would say &lt;em&gt;Как вошёл я в ресторан, сразу увидел Сашу&lt;/em&gt;, but never &lt;em&gt;Как жил я Москве, каждый день ходил в Большой&lt;/em&gt;. Only &lt;em&gt;когда&lt;/em&gt; will be used in the latter case. The escape of a bird lends itself very well to such suddenness. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also worth adding that &lt;em&gt;с тех пор как&lt;/em&gt; is a stable and actively used idiom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2015-01-07T20:27:13.550" LastActivityDate="2015-01-07T20:27:13.550" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7903" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7905" CreationDate="2015-01-07T20:27:57.887" Score="7" ViewCount="3179" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a man, how do I respectfully say &quot;Hi there, friend!&quot;  to a woman?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know to a man, I would say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;привет, мой друг&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could I use the same thing for a woman?  Or can I use...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;привет, моя подруга&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which is better?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1571" LastActivityDate="2016-04-13T10:13:12.360" Title="How to address a female friend" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7901" CreationDate="2015-01-07T20:36:33.340" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I prefer &quot;Ничто не постоянно, кроме перемен&quot; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your Russian sentence is grammatically correct, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2015-01-07T20:36:33.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7903" CreationDate="2015-01-07T20:47:47.857" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both your variants suggest some humour and a certain degree of intimacy (the &quot;подруга&quot; much more so than the &quot;друг&quot; one). You could use either but the choice entirely depends on how close the two of you are. Bear in mind that both sound more intimate than the English &quot;Hi there, friend!&quot; The more neutral option is to just use her name:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет, Наташа!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2015-01-25T16:37:43.203" LastActivityDate="2015-01-25T16:37:43.203" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1763" CreationDate="2015-01-08T10:42:19.900" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian &quot;-к-&quot; is a deminutive suffix, which comes from Proto-Indo-European -ik-.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, коляска and the Tocharian words couls be derived with the same suffix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T10:42:19.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7901" CreationDate="2015-01-08T13:56:51.407" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, both sentences are absolutely correct and sound good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4394" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-01-08T20:45:08.790" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T20:45:08.790" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7855" CreationDate="2015-01-08T14:00:06.400" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In our language (Russian) &quot;пластинки&quot; means vinyl records only. CDs are &quot;диски&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4394" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T14:00:06.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7910" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7913" CreationDate="2015-01-08T17:54:36.860" Score="1" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;«С одной стороны, она может означать, что у каждой семьи свои определенные проблемы, и возможно, что они неразрешимы без распада семьи, который был невозможен в те времена, и это увеличивает несчастье, которое копится, пока вся эта масса проблем не приведет к трагическому исходу».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Допустима ли запятая после слова «проблемы» перед союзом «и»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4871" LastActivityDate="2015-01-10T17:37:14.517" Title="Допустима ли запятая?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7910" CreationDate="2015-01-08T19:00:06.387" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Да, запятая нужна, как и после этого союза.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4843" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T19:00:06.387" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7912" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7914" CreationDate="2015-01-08T19:34:24.953" Score="4" ViewCount="14524" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как объяснить, что в слове &lt;em&gt;намер&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;ваться&lt;/em&gt; пишется гласный &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;, а не &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;? Каким правилом это определить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2306" LastEditorUserId="2306" LastEditDate="2015-01-08T21:28:20.650" LastActivityDate="2021-02-05T16:25:47.160" Title="Почему в &quot;намереваться&quot; гласный е?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7910" CreationDate="2015-01-08T19:38:28.877" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Запятая перед &lt;em&gt;и это увеличивает&lt;/em&gt; нужна: она разделяет части сложносочинённого предложения.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Если текст задумывается как состоящий из трех предложений:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С одной стороны, она может означать, что у каждой семьи свои определенные проблемы.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И возможно, что они неразрешимы без распада семьи, который был невозможен в те времена.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И это увеличивает несчастье, которое копится, пока вся эта масса проблем не приведет к трагическому исходу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;то пунктуация должна быть такая:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«С одной стороны, она может означать, что у каждой семьи свои определенные проблемы, и возможно, что они неразрешимы без распада семьи, который был невозможен в те времена, и это увеличивает несчастье, которое копится, пока вся эта масса проблем не приведет к трагическому исходу».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При этом возникает громоздкое сложносочинённое предложение, состоящее из трёх последовательных предложений, разделённых союзами «и».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если текст задумывается как состоящий из двух предложений:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С одной стороны, она может означать, что у каждой семьи свои определенные проблемы и, возможно, что они неразрешимы без распада семьи, который был невозможен в те времена.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И это увеличивает несчастье, которое копится, пока вся эта масса проблем не приведет к трагическому исходу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;то пунктуация должна быть такая:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«С одной стороны, она может означать, что у каждой семьи свои определенные проблемы и, возможно, что они неразрешимы без распада семьи, который был невозможен в те времена, -- и это увеличивает несчастье, которое копится, пока вся эта масса проблем не приведет к трагическому исходу».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь запятая перед &lt;em&gt;и возможно&lt;/em&gt; не нужна. Хотя предложение &lt;em&gt;что у каждой семьи свои определенные проблемы и, возможно, что они неразрешимы без распада семьи&lt;/em&gt; -- сложносочинённое, оно является подчинённым в более развернутом сложноподчинённом предложении. В этом случае простые предложения, составляющие такое сложносочинённое предложение, запятой не разделяются. А слово &lt;em&gt;возможно&lt;/em&gt;, как вводное, должно быть выделено запятыми.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS Сочетание настоящего и прошедшего времени в одном предложении и нагромождение подчинений делают и без того негладкий синтаксис чрезвычайно неудобочитаемым. Если есть такая возможность, хорошо было бы разбить этот текст, по крайней мере, на три предложения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PPS Я бы посоветовал вам обратить специальное внимание на конструкцию &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;возможно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;неразрешимы без распада, который был&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;невозможен&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2015-01-10T17:37:14.517" LastActivityDate="2015-01-10T17:37:14.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7912" CreationDate="2015-01-08T20:12:43.697" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Объясняется &quot;книжным&quot; происхождением глагола, т.е. старославянским или псевдо-старославянским (точно не знаю). Отсюда &quot;болгарский&quot; итеративный суффикс &lt;em&gt;-ова-/-ева-&lt;/em&gt; вместо исконно русского &lt;em&gt;-ыва-/-ива-&lt;/em&gt;. То же самое в &lt;em&gt;повелевать&lt;/em&gt;, например.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Парный глагол &lt;em&gt;вознамериться&lt;/em&gt; расширяется уже &quot;по-нашему&quot;: &lt;em&gt;вознамериваться&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T20:12:43.697" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7916" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6754" CreationDate="2015-01-08T21:59:30.197" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've grown to liken &quot;торопиться&quot; to &quot;to hurry&quot; and &quot;спешить&quot; to &quot;to rush&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you can think of English expressions where one of them is the preferred, or indeed the only choice, we could do an interesting experiment by trying to translate them to Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2015-01-08T21:59:30.197" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7917" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7919" CreationDate="2015-01-09T02:09:50.203" Score="2" ViewCount="824" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подскажите, пожалуйста, насколько правильно это предложение. &#xA;Тут и он, и она, и множественное число и в конце ещё надо поставить прилагательное в каком-то роде.&#xA;Может быть, у вас есть идеи, как это можно перефразировать? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastActivityDate="2015-01-14T07:16:39.867" Title="Ни он ни она не хотели уходить первым?" Tags="&lt;род&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;&lt;согласование&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5649" CreationDate="2015-01-09T06:10:35.790" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know становится—стать aspectual pair (at it's heart) means &quot;to stand&quot;—and basically я не стану есть свою собоку means I won't (can't) stand to eat my dog. Or I will not stand to eat my dog. We use that phrase all the time in english, with various shades of emotion of course. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And it seems to fit all the examples above. In my opinion if you know the base physical meaning of the verb all other meanings are just extensions of that meaning—зима стала холодно—means more (Winter stood cold) than it does became. I mean of course that's a terrible translation, but the physical meaning still kind of works  in English&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я не стану учиться на каникулах&quot; (I won't stand to study on the holidays)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just my views)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2015-01-09T06:10:35.790" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7917" CreationDate="2015-01-09T09:22:07.210" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;«Ни он, ни она»&lt;/em&gt; обычно согласуется с множественным числом, поэтому сочетание с &lt;em&gt;«уходить первым»&lt;/em&gt; звучит неправильно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если имеется ввиду, что ни один не хотел уходить раньше другого, то стоит перестроить фразу.&#xA;Например, &lt;em&gt;«Ни он  не хотел уходить первым, ни она.»&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-01-09T09:22:07.210" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7855" CreationDate="2015-01-09T11:17:05.340" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it means vinyl (here it may just mean any records). See why they are пластинки:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Апрелевский_завод_грампластинок&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Грампластинка&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastEditorUserId="81" LastEditDate="2015-01-11T11:13:53.037" LastActivityDate="2015-01-11T11:13:53.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7888" CreationDate="2015-01-09T14:11:57.007" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You might be looking for something like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://shop.redkalinka.com/en/9-books-with-audio&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://shop.redkalinka.com/en/9-books-with-audio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4267" LastActivityDate="2015-01-09T14:11:57.007" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7922" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7924" CreationDate="2015-01-09T23:18:35.207" Score="3" ViewCount="3926" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бумаги пожелтелые, как деньги -- ещё целые, &lt;em&gt;зацапа&lt;strong&gt;нн&lt;/strong&gt;ые&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;маза&lt;strong&gt;н&lt;/strong&gt;ые&lt;/em&gt;,&#xA;  крест-накрест &lt;em&gt;перевяза&lt;strong&gt;нн&lt;/strong&gt;ые&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему &lt;em&gt;маза&lt;strong&gt;н&lt;/strong&gt;ые&lt;/em&gt; с одной &lt;strong&gt;н&lt;/strong&gt;? Разве это слово не является здесь причастием? &lt;em&gt;Перевязанные&lt;/em&gt; точно должно быть причастием, потому что есть наречие &lt;em&gt;крест-накрест&lt;/em&gt; уточняющее его. &lt;em&gt;Зацапанные&lt;/em&gt;, в любом случае, должно быть с двумя &lt;strong&gt;н&lt;/strong&gt;, потому что оно имеет приставку &lt;em&gt;за&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2306" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T08:42:02.023" Title="Почему &quot;мазаный&quot; здесь с одной &quot;н&quot;?" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7923" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="128" CreationDate="2015-01-10T14:27:56.980" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Справочная служба русского языка, &lt;a href=&quot;http://pda.gramota.ru/?page=93&amp;amp;action=buro&amp;amp;s=257524&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;#257524&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что касается слово кофе: указание на допустимость его употребления в разговорной речи как существительного среднего рода находим еще в словарях 1970-80-х гг. (см., например, Скворцов Л. И. Правильно ли мы говорим по-русски? М.: Знание, 1980). Поэтому говорить о том, что слово кофе теперь и среднего рода, некорректно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-01-10T14:27:56.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7924" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7922" CreationDate="2015-01-10T14:45:19.403" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мазаный&lt;/em&gt; - отглагольное прилагательное либо причастие без приставки, от глагола несовершенного вида (&lt;em&gt;мазать&lt;/em&gt;), без зависимых слов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/class/coach/tbgramota/45_106&quot;&gt;http://www.gramota.ru/class/coach/tbgramota/45_106&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...Но поскольку полные страдательные причастия иногда очень похожи на&#xA;  прилагательные, чтобы избежать ошибок, полезно помнить четыре условия,&#xA;  при которых пишется две буквы Н:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1)    причастие имеет приставку ( кроме НЕ-), например, ВЫ-СУШЕННЫЕ&#xA;  ГРИБЫ;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2)    причастие образовалось от глагола совершенного вида, например,&#xA;  РЕШЕННАЯ ЗАДАЧА - от глагола РЕШИТЬ (что сделать? – соверш. вид);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3)    причастие имеет зависимые слова, например, ВЫСУШЕННЫЕ (где?) В&#xA;  ПЕЧКЕ ГРИБЫ;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4)    Причастие образовано от глагола с помощью суффиксов –ОВА- или&#xA;  -ЕВА-, например, ВЗВОЛН-ОВА-ННОЕ ЛИЦО.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если слово не имеет ни одного из этих признаков, то оно пишется с&#xA;  одним Н.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-01-10T14:45:19.403" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7912" CreationDate="2015-01-10T16:13:24.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это зависит от ударения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;намéриваться&lt;/em&gt;, форма глагола &lt;em&gt;намерить&lt;/em&gt; пишется через и, но имеет другой смысл.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-01-10T16:13:24.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7926" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-10T19:18:39.443" Score="6" ViewCount="602" Body="&lt;p&gt;I hope someone would kindly answer the following questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this song, there are the words &quot;нижины (=низины)&quot; and &quot;ужины (=узины)&quot; that are not found in ordinary dictionaries.  Why is -жи- used instead of -зи-?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The last phrase is &quot;Каравай, каравай, кого хочешь выбирай.&quot;  I understand кого is a relative pronoun.  If so, &quot;который&quot; seems much more appropriate than &quot;кого&quot;.  Why is &quot;кого&quot; used?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;This song is used in the movie &quot;Чебурашка&quot;, where children sing the first phrase as &quot;А на Чебурашкины именины...&quot;  Is &quot;Чебурашкины&quot; an adjective of &quot;Чебурашка&quot;?  If so, why is the word-end form not adjective-like?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A newly added question related to item 3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder what the difference between possessive and genitive cases is.  For example, what is the difference between &lt;em&gt;Чебурашкин&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;друг&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;друг&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Чебурашки&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4028" LastEditorUserId="4028" LastEditDate="2015-01-13T22:25:56.090" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T22:25:56.090" Title="Questions about the Russian old children's song &quot;Каравай&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7804" CreationDate="2015-01-10T19:53:24.883" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think we have two kinds of &quot;за&quot; in Russian language.&#xA;One of them independent preposition, and one of them part of &quot;что_за&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Be careful when determining word case by preposition.&#xA;&quot;За&quot; is not the only example of two prepositions that look same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My favourite example is preposition &quot;в&quot; which can be translated as &quot;inside&quot; or &quot;into&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мяч лежит &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; коробк&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;    -- Prepositional case &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ball is inside box) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мяч положили &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; коробк&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; -- Accusative_case &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;([They] put ball into the box) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Think of &quot;что_за&quot; as one preposition (wich should be followed by nominative), not as &quot;что&quot; followed by &quot;за&quot;. Using this simple trick you can determine word case by preposition (in this case). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4876" LastActivityDate="2015-01-10T19:53:24.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7926" CreationDate="2015-01-10T20:38:59.253" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is perhaps an older non-standard forms, or forms better fit for this particular poetic piece. However, they are readily understandable by a native speaker.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Child songs often contain some weird-ish words. I assume they kind of help children to learn the norm by highlighting the issue. Same way in Lewis Carroll's Alice, &quot;curiouser and curiouser&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Который хочешь выбирай&quot; does not sound right - slightly off-norm. &quot;Какой хочешь выбирай&quot; would mean you are choosing an inanimate thing. &quot;Какого хочешь выбирай&quot; means that you are choosing something animate (a person perhaps or an animal) but you are choosing based on their properties. &quot;Кого хочешь выбирай&quot; means you are choosing a person, and you are choosing exactly this person that you [now] know. And that's what the song seems to imply.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Old answer: &lt;s&gt;Который (какой) applies to inanimate beings, кто applies to animate things.&#xA;Obviously you are expected to choose a person (not a каравай as you might expect), not an object. Otherwise it would be &quot;какой хочешь выбирай&quot;.&lt;/s&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Чебурашкины is Cheburashka's in English. Cheburashka's birthday (именины might also mean patron saint day, but this won't apply to Cheburashka I dearly hope).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="310" LastEditDate="2015-01-12T08:09:08.033" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T08:09:08.033" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7926" CreationDate="2015-01-10T20:39:47.430" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can answer questions 2 and 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;кто&lt;/code&gt; can be used as a relative pronoun, just like &lt;code&gt;который&lt;/code&gt;. Obviously, it is only used for animate antecedents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The suffix &lt;code&gt;~ин&lt;/code&gt; is a &lt;em&gt;possessive&lt;/em&gt; suffix in modern Russian (only attaches to &quot;feminine&quot; nouns, i.e. nominative ending in &lt;code&gt;~а&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;~я&lt;/code&gt;, such as &lt;code&gt;мама&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;папа&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;земля&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;дядя&lt;/code&gt;). These possessives decline very much like &lt;code&gt;наш&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ваш&lt;/code&gt;, so the nominative and fem. accusative have noun-like endings, and the rest have adjective-like endings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4267" LastEditorUserId="4267" LastEditDate="2015-01-13T08:39:15.897" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T08:39:15.897" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7381" CreationDate="2015-01-10T20:42:58.233" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Don't say &quot;Дай свой голос&quot; - it is incorrect.&#xA;literal translation of &quot;come and vote&quot; would be:&#xA;&quot;Приди и проголосуй!&quot; &#xA;or&#xA;&quot;Приходите и голосуйте!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think we can say &quot;Отдай свой голос!&quot;.&#xA;Seems incorrect to me.&#xA;But we can say &quot;Отдай свой голос &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; something&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example &#xA;&quot;Отдай свой голос &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; партию Чебурашки !&quot; &#xA;(Vote for Cheburashka's political party)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4876" LastActivityDate="2015-01-10T20:42:58.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7926" CreationDate="2015-01-10T21:12:19.450" Score="4" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For comic effect, the song authors use “childish” words, that is create new words as if a child wrote the song.  They create the word &lt;em&gt;вышина́&lt;/em&gt; (highness) instead of &lt;em&gt;высота́&lt;/em&gt; akin to &lt;em&gt;глубина́&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ширина́&lt;/em&gt;. Then they create non-existing words &lt;em&gt;нижина́&lt;/em&gt; (lowness) and &lt;em&gt;ужина́&lt;/em&gt; (narrowness).  The words &lt;em&gt;низи́на&lt;/em&gt; (low place) and &lt;em&gt;узи́на&lt;/em&gt; (narrow place) (the stress in both is at the second syllable) are completely unrelated to the song.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кого хочешь выбирай&lt;/em&gt; = select who(ever) you want, literally who you want select (they changed the order of words in order to keep a meter, which is common in Russian).  Who = &lt;em&gt;кто&lt;/em&gt; in nominative, but here we need accusative, which is &lt;em&gt;кого&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cheburashka = &lt;em&gt;Чебурашка&lt;/em&gt;.  Cheburashka's = &lt;em&gt;Чебурашкин&lt;/em&gt; (for names which end by -a, the suffix &lt;em&gt;ин&lt;/em&gt; is used: Natashka's = &lt;em&gt;Наташкин&lt;/em&gt;, Alyoshka's = &lt;em&gt;Алёшкин&lt;/em&gt;, Vasya's = &lt;em&gt;Васин&lt;/em&gt;.) Since the word &lt;em&gt;именины&lt;/em&gt; is in plural (it is one of the nouns which have no singular. In English there are also such nouns, i. e. skissors), we need plural of &lt;em&gt;Чебурашкин&lt;/em&gt;, which is &lt;em&gt;Чебурашкины&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, if a noun or adjective ends by &lt;em&gt;-ы&lt;/em&gt;, it always means it is in plural.  (The opposite is not true.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2015-01-11T03:50:23.447" LastActivityDate="2015-01-11T03:50:23.447" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7934" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7935" CreationDate="2015-01-11T06:51:03.043" Score="2" ViewCount="227" Body="&lt;p&gt;From a song &quot;Уходи, дверь закрой&quot; by Евгения Отрадная&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Уходи и дверь закрой,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;У меня теперь другой,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Мне не нужен больше твой&lt;br&gt;&#xA;номер в книжке записной,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Натерпелась, наждалась, &amp;lt;--------- &lt;em&gt;What's this?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Я любовью обожглась,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Но теперь я наконец-то&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Будто снова родилась!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone please tell me what наждалась means?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4702" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2015-01-11T14:24:25.280" LastActivityDate="2015-01-11T14:24:25.280" Title="What is наждалась?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7934" CreationDate="2015-01-11T06:59:59.363" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;+verb+&lt;em&gt;ся&lt;/em&gt; is a circumfix (I don't know how technically correct it is to call it that but the two elements work as a whole) that means &quot;to have had enough of [doing something]&quot;. It's probably an extrapolation from &lt;em&gt;наесться&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;напиться&lt;/em&gt;, and it's productive, meaning that new words formed this way will sound natural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;em&gt;наждалась&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;[I'm] done waiting.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-01-11T06:59:59.363" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7936" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-11T11:32:28.517" Score="3" ViewCount="753" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/search?q=%22was%20a%20no%20brainer%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;no brainer&quot;&lt;/a&gt; is something so clear and obvious that it takes little to no thinking to make a decision, it is definetely not worth the effort to be thinking harder about. How do I say it in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="4839" LastEditDate="2015-01-11T19:57:25.900" LastActivityDate="2015-01-14T06:42:45.577" Title="How do I say no brainer in Russian?" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7936" CreationDate="2015-01-11T11:41:49.323" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian it could be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Slang: &lt;code&gt;Ежу понятно&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Коню понятно&lt;/code&gt; etc).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Проще простого&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2015-01-11T11:41:49.323" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7896" CreationDate="2015-01-11T16:22:04.153" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with Avi Gordon. I usually explain to my students that single direction verbs are, to some degree, similar to Continuous tenses in English (something happening right away) and the so called multidirectional verbs (I don't like this term either) are for regular, recurrent actions, i.e. Indefinite tenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although there are some situations, like Avi Gordon said, when the motion is occurring in multiple directions. In this situations, the only option is using multidirectional verbs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Белка бежит по двору. A squirrel is running on my back yard (a squirrel is crossing my backyard).&#xA;Белка бегает по двору. A squirrel is running on my back yard (back and forth, making cycles, etc). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, single directional verbs are for motions that are happening now and, in the absence of a better term, targeted (pointed). And multidirectional verbs are for prolonged actions where there could be more than one target or no point/ purpose/ target at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4884" LastActivityDate="2015-01-11T16:22:04.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1597" CreationDate="2015-01-11T16:42:09.040" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Было&lt;/strong&gt; here is a PARTICLE with a force similar to English &quot;started to&quot; or &quot;was starting to:&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;It's a good thing &lt;em&gt;he&lt;/em&gt; turned up - I was &lt;strong&gt;starting to&lt;/strong&gt; think they&#xA;  kidnapped him too.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-06-05T11:31:54.757" LastActivityDate="2015-06-05T11:31:54.757" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7936" CreationDate="2015-01-11T20:13:40.730" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ежу понятно - it is correct, and colloquial.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Other options: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;не бином Ньютона (maybe slightly bookish)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;не требует большого ума (stylistically neutral)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4884" LastActivityDate="2015-01-11T20:13:40.730" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7941" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7942" CreationDate="2015-01-11T20:44:13.697" Score="2" ViewCount="391" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to know the difference in the usage of the two words that translate &quot;famous&quot;: известный and знаменитый. Can I use them interchangeably both for famous people and famous things (museums, cities, book, quotations...). For example, if I need to translate &quot;Michelangelo was a famous sculptor&quot; I'd better choose the first, the second, or it doesn't matter? I need this info as regards a written text, not an oral context.. &#xA;thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4886" LastActivityDate="2015-01-11T20:56:39.710" Title="Difference between известный and знаменитый?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7941" CreationDate="2015-01-11T20:56:39.710" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Знаменитый&quot; has a greater degree of fame than &quot;известный&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Знаменитый&quot; is &quot;famous, celebrated, illustrious, outstanding, superlative&quot;, &quot;известный&quot; is &quot;well-known, known&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;знаменитый артист – famous actor, celebrated actor&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;знаменитая книга учёного ­- famous book of the scientist&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нижний Новгород знаменит своей промышленной ярмаркой ­- Nizhny Novgorod is famous for its fair&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;известный художник — well-known painter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;известный учёный — noted scientist&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;известный чем-либо — noted for something&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;он известен своей честностью — he is known for his honesty; he has a name for honesty&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for Michelangelo, he was definitely &quot;знаменитый скульптор&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-01-11T20:56:39.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7936" CreationDate="2015-01-11T22:06:27.773" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could also say «Ясное дело!» или «Ясен пень!» (which is a jargon version of the first) but the more appropriate phrase of all listed in the answers depends on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;− Смотри не пожодги газовый баллон.&#xA;− Ясное дело — взорвется ведь!&#xA;− Взорвется, это и ежу понятно.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastEditorUserId="1277" LastEditDate="2015-01-13T02:09:32.690" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T02:09:32.690" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7944" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-12T00:26:32.243" Score="11" ViewCount="7837" Body="&lt;p&gt;I thought that всё referred to inanimate/abstract concepts - like in всё равно or это всё - and все was used with animate - like все студенты. But I've seen the two used in virtually the same contexts recently, and I'm confused as to the difference between them. Is все just an alternate spelling of всё for keyboards without the ё diacritic? Is there a semantic or syntactical difference between them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4887" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-10-20T07:49:41.473" LastActivityDate="2017-10-27T09:26:31.367" Title="What is the difference between &quot;всё&quot; and &quot;все&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;буква-ё&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7945" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7944" CreationDate="2015-01-12T01:21:12.480" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;всё&lt;/code&gt; can be spelled &lt;code&gt;все&lt;/code&gt;, when it's possible to distinguish two words using available context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;всё&lt;/code&gt; (with &lt;code&gt;Ё&lt;/code&gt;) is used when referring to neuter gender singular nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;всё время&lt;/code&gt; (compare masculine &lt;code&gt;весь путь&lt;/code&gt; and feminine &lt;code&gt;всю дорогу&lt;/code&gt;), &lt;code&gt;забрызгал всё окно&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;всё молоко&lt;/code&gt; (compare feminine &lt;code&gt;вся вода&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;все&lt;/code&gt; (with &lt;code&gt;Е&lt;/code&gt;) is used when referring to plural nouns: &lt;code&gt;все студенты&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;все яблоки&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;все кирпичи&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;все тарелки&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there are some idioms, like one you mentioned — &lt;code&gt;всё равно&lt;/code&gt;,&#xA;and  unchangeable expressions, like &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%91-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;всё-таки&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Substituting Ё with Е.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;jwalker posted a link to &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/6770/using-written-%D0%B5-instead-of-%C3%AB&quot;&gt;this question about &lt;code&gt;Ё&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Е&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ё&lt;/code&gt; can be substituted for &lt;code&gt;Е&lt;/code&gt; in most words. It is not a rule but &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo_(Cyrillic)#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ё&lt;/code&gt; is not used very often&lt;/a&gt; in printed texts. Usually, it's possible to distinguish when &lt;code&gt;Е&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;Ё&lt;/code&gt; from the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's highly recommended to use &lt;code&gt;Ё&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;when needed to distinguish from the similar word with &lt;code&gt;Е&lt;/code&gt;, for example:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;узна́ем&lt;/code&gt; (future tense first person plural of &lt;code&gt;узнать&lt;/code&gt;) and &lt;code&gt;узнаём&lt;/code&gt; (present tense first person plural of &lt;code&gt;узнавать&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;совершённый&lt;/code&gt; (participle from verb &lt;code&gt;совершить&lt;/code&gt;) and &lt;code&gt;совершенный&lt;/code&gt; (adjective, meaning perfect)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In dictionaries, textbooks for language learners&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In little-known, obscure, and loanwords&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Links&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%91&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;всё on English wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;весь on English wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%91&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;всё on Russian wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;весь on Russian wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2148" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-10-27T09:26:31.367" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7936" CreationDate="2015-01-12T02:34:21.363" Score="0" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Даже ребёнку понятно.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;И дураку понятно.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3566" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T02:34:21.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7769" CreationDate="2015-01-12T06:34:45.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depends on the degree of the familiarity with the interlocutor. Clearly, ты or Вы.&#xA;A version for a small talk between friends: &quot;А ну-ка, Ирина, ответь мне по-быстрому&quot; (coll.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4890" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T06:34:45.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7936" CreationDate="2015-01-12T08:00:19.517" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you refer to the situation of an obvious decision (rather than an a reason or  explanation), a closer translation of &quot;no-brainer&quot; would be like «нечего раздумывать», «тут и думать было нечего» or so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Ежу понятно» and other suggested variants can refer to any uncomplicated matter, even when &quot;no-brainer&quot; is hardly applicable («Спасибо, что объяснил. Теперь-то это и ежу понятно!»)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T08:00:19.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7949" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-12T10:05:59.503" Score="2" ViewCount="329" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is the verb in the first sentence neuter? Is it because the &quot;number&quot; of children is considered a neuter word? Are there other cases when I need to use a neuter verb?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about the second one...would it be wrong to write &quot;У них родилось два ребёнка?&quot; insted of  &quot;двое&quot;? And why is детей in genititve plural and not in genitive singular?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4886" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T16:40:06.837" Title="&quot;У них родилось десять детей&quot; and &quot;У них родилось двое детей&quot;" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7950" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-12T10:57:29.910" Score="3" ViewCount="600" Body="&lt;p&gt;What I don't understand in this sentence &#xA;Мы с нашими четырьмя детьми&#xA;are two things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;why the word &quot;children&quot; is in the instrumental case and not in genitve, as it normally is when preceded by a numeral?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;why is even the word  дети used, and not ребёнок in the genitive singular as would  expect after the numeral &quot;four&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian numerals make me crazy! Thank you in advance to anyone who will solve my problem!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4886" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-01-12T11:17:22.747" LastActivityDate="2020-09-18T10:35:00.390" Title="Мы с нашими четырьмя детьми" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7949" CreationDate="2015-01-12T11:32:52.613" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sentence may be loosely translated as &quot;They have xxx children&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has nothing to do with numerals, it is so known &quot;Безличное предложение&quot; (impersonal sentence). There is no explicit subject in the sentence. Such sentences imply that what happened, happened without consent of the objects mentioned in the sentence. For example &quot;Я не спал&quot; implies &quot;I didn't sleep because I choose so&quot; while &quot;Мне не спалось&quot; means &quot;I didn't sleep because I could not.&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Impersonal sentences must not be confused with 'truncated' sentences, when either the subject or the verb is omitted because obviously derivable in context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Impersonal sentences may be very loosely paralleled with &quot;there is/are&quot; construct: where is that there? Same here, there is no &quot;who&quot; or &quot;what&quot; that &quot;родилось&quot; in this sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is a case when difference in one symbol radically changes the way the sentence must be parsed (though, luckily, in this case the meaning does not differ much).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;====&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the second part &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What about the second one...would it be wrong to write &quot;У них родилось два &#xA;  ребёнка?&quot; insted of &quot;двое&quot;? And why is детей in genititve plural and not in &#xA;  genitive singular?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is some freedom here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The proper plural form of &quot;ребенок&quot; is &quot;дети&quot; (very much like forms of &quot;to be&quot; in English),so it is possible for uniformity use &quot;двое детей&quot; instead, yet it is possible to use &quot;ребенка&quot; for numerals below five . A bit more consistent example would be &quot;гусь&quot;. One can say &quot;Один гусь, два гуся, три гуся, четыре гуся, пять гусей, шесть гусей, .... двадцать гусей&quot;, but also &quot;Один гусь, двое гусей, трое гусей, четверо гусей, пять гусей, шесть гусей, .... двадцать гусей&quot; (for non-round numbers above 20 the inflection is selected on basis of the last word in the combined numberal)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="334" LastEditDate="2015-01-12T11:49:15.130" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T11:49:15.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7950" CreationDate="2015-01-12T11:46:01.810" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, you can omit the numeral and write &quot;Мы с нашими детьми&quot;.&#xA;or &quot;Мы с нашими двумя(двоими?),тремя,десятью детьми&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's what the form &quot;двое&quot;, &quot;четверо&quot; exist for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As usual, you can try formulating the question to determine which case is needed (and singular/plural).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы со сколькими нашими детьми? Мы с нашими четырьмя детьми.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T11:46:01.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7950" CreationDate="2015-01-12T14:51:12.637" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;What you expected is perfectly correct with &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; preposition: &lt;code&gt;мы и четыре наших ребенка&lt;/code&gt;. However, normally you would use &lt;em&gt;с&lt;/em&gt; preposition (&quot;with&quot;, not &quot;and&quot;) that requires instrumental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T14:51:12.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7926" CreationDate="2015-01-12T15:34:39.877" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Каравай&quot; is a circle dance. &quot;Каравай-каравай&quot; sang towards the end of the song is a mere refrain. You could put a full stop after that line. The final line &quot;Кого хочешь (любишь), выбирай!&quot; is the call for the birthday boy (girl) in the center of the circle to point at anyone in the circle as their favorite person and has nothing to do with the previous line. Why should it say anything else but &quot;кого&quot;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T15:34:39.877" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7949" CreationDate="2015-01-12T16:40:06.837" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;See, when your subject is &quot;some number of X&quot;, choosing between the singular and the plural is complicated. On one hand &quot;A lot of&quot;, &quot;The majority&quot; etc. are singular, on the other—it obviously means many people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Remembder, for numbers you've got &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt; formal hint, since a number, like &quot;one&quot;, &quot;a hundred&quot;, &quot;ten&quot; is neither singular nor plural.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;still, it's more common to use &lt;strong&gt;singular&lt;/strong&gt; if you express the idea of an action being performed &quot;passively&quot; by the things you count, &quot;without their control&quot;, as a whole group rather than individually: «В автомобильной аварии погибло десять человек», «На лекцию пришло сто–сто пятьдесят студентов».&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;singular &quot;было N объектов&quot; (there were N objects) also has a shade of just reporting the situation, like &quot;There were 4 couches and 10 chairs&quot;~«Там было 4 дивана и 10 стульев». Another example: &quot;На диване лежало две рубашки&quot;. Plural would seem less natural here, especially awkward with objects.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if you have smth like &quot;these two children&quot;, &quot;All these ten women&quot; etc., use plural: &quot;Эти пять детей точно знают ответ&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Words like &quot;пара&quot;(a couple), &quot;тройка&quot; (three), &quot;куча&quot; (~a great lot) and similar words typically use singular&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;много, мало, столько/сколько, немало&lt;/em&gt; (also mostly &quot;несколько&quot;) use singular. In informal speech and writing people occasionally fall back to plural when it feels more &quot;right&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since children have little control on their birth, it is much more natural to desribe it as an event than happened &quot;to them&quot; : &quot;У нас было два ребёнка&quot;, &quot;У них родилось трое детей&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I believe your Genitive plural question about «два ребёнка»-«двое детей» is more about&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;collective numerals&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;than anything else. And collective «двое», «трое», «четверо», «пятеро», «шестеро», «семеро» use plural, not singular.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I feel that with children, «дети» sounds a bit more colloquial in this borderline sentence about children being born. That is not to say that «У них родилось два ребёнка» is wrong anyhow. Just sounds a bit formal and detached to my ear. Anyway, since &quot;дети&quot; is already plural, you either use a collective number for 2 or must switch to singular &quot;ребёнок&quot;→&quot;2 ребёнка&quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T16:40:06.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7950" CreationDate="2015-01-12T17:29:01.370" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's start with your second question: There are numbers - &lt;em&gt;два, три, четыре&lt;/em&gt;, and there are so called collective words: &lt;em&gt;двое, трое, четверо&lt;/em&gt;. &#xA;The rules you learned (2-4 take Genitive Singular, 5+ take Genitive plural) are for numbers. Collective numeric words are different, they normally take Genitive plural: &lt;em&gt;двое детей, трое детей, шестеро детей&lt;/em&gt;. So, that explains the Plural. Please note that collective numeric words decline and usually act like adjectives (though some forms look different, because they've preserved their archaic endings), so the syntax here is different. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now about the Instrumental case: the preposition &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;c&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; takes Instrumental. Since &lt;em&gt;четверо&lt;/em&gt; is technically not a number, but a numeric adjective, the word for children, &lt;em&gt;дети&lt;/em&gt;, should agree with the preposition, and the numeric adjective should agree with the noun:  &lt;em&gt;c четырьмя детьми&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope it wasn't too confusing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4884" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-01-12T18:46:09.903" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T18:46:09.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7950" CreationDate="2015-01-12T17:29:23.657" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I must say, the example is weird. I guess it is OK to learn grammar but not something a native speaker would really say (at least, that would be a really rare occasion). Look at the end of the post if you want an explanation for your particular expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Один&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Look. If your number ends in &quot;один&quot;, they are used is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;noun in singular&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;case is whatever reqired by the role in the sentence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Два/три/четыре ↔ пять, шесть... двадцать, сто..&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your number ends in words for &lt;em&gt;2/3/4&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;5 and bigger&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For &lt;strong&gt;Nominative-looking&lt;/strong&gt; forms &#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2-3-4 use Genitive singular&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5 and more use Genitive plural&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For other, &lt;strong&gt;Oblique&lt;/strong&gt; forms&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;both use plural forms&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the case is whatever required by the role in the sentence.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;awkward for animate Accusative with compound numbers like 23, 24, 44, 22, 1003, 133 and so on&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;both &quot;Научил плавать двадцать три ребёнка&quot; and &quot;Научил плавать двадцать трёх детей&quot; are possible, first sounding more formal. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both sound unnatural to my ear. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;So in a real-life situation it's best you think your way around this complication. Like &quot;more than 20 children&quot; or &quot;Taught a lot of kids to swim. There were 23 of them, if I remember correctly&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;after all, I believe these inconsistencies exist for this exact reason: in the past, no sane person would use large precise numbers in speech. So there used to be little demand for constructions like &quot;invited 453 women&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By &lt;em&gt;Nominative-looking&lt;/em&gt; I mean either Nominative or inanimate Accusative for numbers ending in &lt;em&gt;два, три, четыре&lt;/em&gt;. Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Real Nominative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тут два стола&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Там три женщины&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Там пять столов&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Accusative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я вижу два стола&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я вижу двух женщин/двух мужчин/двух детей&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я вижу две реки&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, oblique forms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;NOM: У меня два одеяла (одеяло = blanket)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;INSTR: Я под двумя одеялами&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;INSTR: Я под пятью одеялами&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;DAT: Добавь к трём одеялам ещё одно.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;PREP: Книга о трёх/пяти/десяти одеялах&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Numbers like тысяча, сотня, миллион, миллиард when they are singular act as nouns themselves. The real &quot;thing&quot; becomes its subordinate, not the other way round (eg. &lt;em&gt;Я под тысячей одеял&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With &quot;тысяча&quot; a rare variant form exists (&lt;em&gt;Я под тысячью одеялами&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, back to your expression:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;четыре&quot; belongs to 2-3-4 group&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;с&quot; in the meaning &quot;with&quot; requires Instrumental&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;thus you use plural of this case&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Instrumental plural of &quot;дети&quot; is &quot;детьми&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's imagine you want to say &quot;I see 4 children&quot;:&#xA; - &quot;четыре&quot; belongs to 2-3-4 group&#xA; - &quot;дети&quot; is animate, so Accusative looks like Genitive rather than Nominative&#xA; - use plural of the case required here (Accusative that looks the same as Genitive)&#xA; - &quot;Я вижу четырёх детей&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2015-01-15T14:42:12.133" LastActivityDate="2015-01-15T14:42:12.133" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7950" CreationDate="2015-01-12T19:41:50.310" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that your confusion resides at the cross-section of three phenomena:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As @Eugenia Vlasova notes, there are collective numerals - as opposed to cardinal numerals. Please see e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.study-languages-online.com/grammar/tables/collective-numerals&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; how they decline.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is that, when talking about one's (multiple) children one will invariably use a collective numeral by saying &lt;em&gt;У меня четверо детей&lt;/em&gt; rather than &lt;em&gt;У меня четыре ребёнка&lt;/em&gt;. With Nominative collective numarals, where the collective word itself is Nominative the dependent word must be Genitive plural. And the plural of &lt;em&gt;ребёнок&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;дети&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As @Shady_arc mentioned, Oblique cases of cardinal 2-3-4 require &lt;strong&gt;plural&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So where the Nominative cardinal number &lt;em&gt;четыре ребёнка&lt;/em&gt; is distinctly different from the Nominative collective number &lt;em&gt;четверо детей&lt;/em&gt;, they become very similar in, say, Dative: &lt;em&gt;четырём &lt;strong&gt;детям&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;em&gt;четверым &lt;strong&gt;детям&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Russian native speakers are notoriously illiterate when declining numerals, Instrumental happening to be &lt;strong&gt;the&lt;/strong&gt; most difficult case.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to make matters worse, the speaker in your example (the one who said &lt;em&gt;Мы с нашими четырьмя детьми&lt;/em&gt;) is likely to have made a mistake. While s/he would almost undoubtedly use Nominative &lt;strong&gt;collective&lt;/strong&gt; numeral when referring to the children (&lt;em&gt;Наши четверо детей&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Наши четыре ребёнка&lt;/em&gt;!), s/he neglected the correct declension when using Instrumental and said &lt;em&gt;Мы с нашими &lt;strong&gt;четырьмя&lt;/strong&gt; детьми&lt;/em&gt; instead of the correct &lt;em&gt;Мы с нашими &lt;strong&gt;четверыми&lt;/strong&gt; детьми&lt;/em&gt;. While &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;четырьмя&lt;/strong&gt; детьми&lt;/em&gt; is the correct Instrumental of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;четыре&lt;/strong&gt; ребёнка&lt;/em&gt;, what the speaker most likely wanted to inflect here instead was &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;четверо&lt;/strong&gt; детей&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, I cannot sympathise enough - Russian numerals &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; a living nightmare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2015-01-13T11:51:05.327" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T11:51:05.327" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7959" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7944" CreationDate="2015-01-12T20:32:47.707" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please, see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rusnotes.com/grammar/pronoun/determinative-pronoun-ves-opredelitelnoe-mestoimenie-ves&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; how the determinative pronoun &lt;em&gt;весь&lt;/em&gt; declines. The difference between &lt;em&gt;вс&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;em&gt;вс&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is obvious there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note the use of &lt;strong&gt;Е&lt;/strong&gt; as a shorthand for &lt;strong&gt;Ё&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2015-01-12T20:32:47.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7922" CreationDate="2015-01-13T08:42:02.023" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Потому что у этого слова нет приставки. Так со многими прилагательными. Например стриженый и постриженный, кипячёный и вскипячённый.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4897" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T08:42:02.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7961" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-13T10:50:20.173" Score="1" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this sentence: &quot;Женщина, читающая книгу, жила в Москве&quot;, could you please tell me which is the correct interpretation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;the woman, that is now reading a book (I see her right now doing it), used to live in Moscow (some time ago).&quot; The two actions are on two different time levels&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;The woman that was reading a book (also) lived in Moscow.&quot; It's like both actions happen at the same moment and both happen in the past. It's like I'm telling a friend about an  encounter I had with this woman, who, at the moment I met her, was reading a book and was also living in Moscow.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4892" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T13:55:26.040" Title="Usage of participle and contemporary actions" Tags="&lt;participle&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7961" CreationDate="2015-01-13T10:55:25.603" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first one is the correct interpretation. To express the second one you would say &quot;Женщина, &lt;strong&gt;читавшая&lt;/strong&gt; книгу, жила в Москве&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4637" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T10:55:25.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7961" CreationDate="2015-01-13T13:38:22.273" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While generally the first interpretation is the correct one, it has to be remembered that there is such thing as 'historical present', when a narrator uses present when telling about past events. Though I may be mistaken, it seems to me that this rhetorical device tends to be used oftener in Russian than in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this is the case, the sentence means, 'the woman who was reading the book had lived in Moscow' (the past tense is used for what happened before the time of narration). In my opinion, it would have its meaning clearer with 'прежде', 'раньше' or 'до того'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For another thing, participles are not so extensively used in basic communications. Someone may feel confused by tenses and use them incorrectly or inconsistently. The sentence &lt;em&gt;might&lt;/em&gt; be supposed to mean 'the woman who was reading the book was living in Moscow'; that's ungrammatical, of course, but not so severe an error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2284" LastEditorUserId="2284" LastEditDate="2015-01-13T13:55:26.040" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T13:55:26.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1443" CreationDate="2015-01-13T16:14:46.193" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, I'm agree &quot;This form is incorrect&quot;, but ... a lot of people saying this way.&#xA;So yes, you can use it, but shouldn't, especially if don't want other think you're an ignorant man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4902" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T16:14:46.193" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7968" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7971" CreationDate="2015-01-13T17:59:43.140" Score="5" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он &lt;em&gt;неспециалист&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;атлет&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не могу сказать &lt;em&gt;неатлет&lt;/em&gt;. Нужно заранее знать с какими существительными &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; можно писать слитно, а с какими нет, или есть какие-то общие правила?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2306" LastActivityDate="2015-01-15T17:52:34.247" Title="Почему нельзя написать &quot;неатлет&quot;" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7968" CreationDate="2015-01-13T19:11:13.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я не носитель языка, но мне кажется, что можно придумать ситуацию для любого такого &quot;странного&quot; слова, когда оно как раз звучит совсем нормально. Например, если гуглить &quot;неатлет&quot;, есть некоторые примеры, которые по-моему совершенно приемлемы. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4267" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T19:11:13.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7968" CreationDate="2015-01-13T19:34:34.210" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я предполагаю, что все же «неатлет» можно (и даже нужно) писать слитно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§ 148. С существительными, прилагательными, наречиями на &lt;em&gt;-о&lt;/em&gt; отрицание &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; пишется слитно в следующих случаях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;...&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если существительные и прилагательные в сочетании с не обозначают непринадлежность к какому-либо разряду лиц или явлений, напр.: &lt;em&gt;неврачи, нефранцузы, немарксисты, нехристиане, неспециалисты, немосквичи, нерусские, недемократы, непоэты, нетермины, неметаллы, нестихи; Нерусский взглянет без любви / На эту бледную, в крови, / Кнутом иссеченную музу&lt;/em&gt; (Некр.); &lt;em&gt;Неврач не разберётся в этом; Неспециалистам доклад понравился; Неегиптолог его не поймёт; Нематематику не решить этой задачи; Нелингвист не напишет такой диктант; неакадемические институты, непищевые добавки, невоенные отрасли.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;...&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— &lt;a href=&quot;http://orthographia.ru/orfograf_uk.php?oid=3883&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Полный академический справочник под ред. В. В. Лопатина.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T20:02:52.153" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7968" CreationDate="2015-01-13T23:38:46.420" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется, что ни &lt;em&gt;Он неспециалист&lt;/em&gt;, ни &lt;em&gt;Он неатлет&lt;/em&gt; писать нельзя, так как это не утверждения &lt;strong&gt;непринадлежности&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;к какому-либо разряду лиц или явлений&quot;, а напротив, отрицания &lt;strong&gt;принадлежности&lt;/strong&gt; к этим разрядам:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Приглашали специалистов, а он не специалист&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;На Олимпиаду едут атлеты, а я не атлет&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Напротив, все примеры из правила, приведённого @Vitaly, как раз утверждают или подчёркивают именно &lt;strong&gt;непринадлежность&lt;/strong&gt; упоминаемых людей, предметов или явлений к подразумеваемым ограниченным группам или классам или, точнее, их &lt;strong&gt;принадлежность&lt;/strong&gt; к пространству &lt;strong&gt;за пределами&lt;/strong&gt; этих классов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нелингвист не напишет такой диктант (а лингвист напишет). &lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Неакадемические институты (в отличие от академических).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Неспециалист только испортит всё дело.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Неатлеты первыми сошли с дистанции.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я предлагаю упрощённую формулировку правила:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Утверждение &lt;strong&gt;непринадлежности&lt;/strong&gt; — слитно; отрицание &lt;strong&gt;принадлежности&lt;/strong&gt; — раздельно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2015-01-13T23:49:47.327" LastActivityDate="2015-01-13T23:49:47.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7972" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7936" CreationDate="2015-01-14T06:42:45.577" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;We have a lot sentences with the same meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;К бабке не ходи&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;И ежу понятно&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Естественно&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Само собой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4394" LastActivityDate="2015-01-14T06:42:45.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7917" CreationDate="2015-01-14T07:16:39.867" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Предложение выглядит как результат пропуска местоимения, когда в оригинале оно звучало как &quot;Никто - ни он, ни она - не хотел уходить первым&quot;, при этом сказуемое ошибочно употреблено во множественном числе. Может быть верно как в вышеуказанном мной варианте, так и в виде &quot;Ни он, ни она не хотели уходить первыми&quot;, но не в вашей, Виталий, версии (если не вспоминать ещё и о пунктуации)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4676" LastActivityDate="2015-01-14T07:16:39.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7974" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7975" CreationDate="2015-01-14T08:12:33.470" Score="1" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Шекспир, «Гамлет», перевод Пастернака, акт третий, сцена вторая, ремарка:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Возвращается королева, видит, что король мертв, и жестами выражает отчаяние. &lt;strong&gt;Снова входит отравитель с двумя или тремя похоронными служителям и, давая понять, что разделяет ее горе.&lt;/strong&gt; Труп уносят.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Каков верный синтаксический разбор выделенного предложения? Я в этом могу видеть только два однородных обстоятельства: «с двумя или тремя похоронными служителям» и «давая понять, что разделяет ее горе». Такое употребление допустимо?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Действительно ли должен в этом случае обособляться такой деепричастный оборот?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4069" LastActivityDate="2015-01-14T08:34:21.430" Title="Деепричастный оборот как одно из однородных обстоятельств" Tags="&lt;синтаксис&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7974" CreationDate="2015-01-14T08:34:21.430" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;В данном предложении, вероятно, некорректно распознан или перепечатан текст, что привело к появлению пробела между словами &lt;em&gt;служителям&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;. Вот &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.by/books?id=Qc_MAAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT134&amp;amp;lpg=PT134&amp;amp;dq=%22%D0%A1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%B2%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%20%D1%81%20%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8F%20%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8%22&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=66eeea3t_M&amp;amp;sig=qiTNryVMY0L0HWXmB08nSdHCqvY&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=ySW2VLSlOYa5ggT5uYPICA&amp;amp;ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot;&gt;корректный вариант перевода&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Снова входит отравитель с двумя или тремя похоронными &lt;strong&gt;служителями&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;давая&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;понять&lt;/strong&gt;,что разделяет ее горе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastActivityDate="2015-01-14T08:34:21.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7976" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7977" CreationDate="2015-01-14T08:47:09.297" Score="7" ViewCount="20843" Body="&lt;p&gt;В &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/7816/551&quot;&gt;недавнем вопросе&lt;/a&gt; о правильности написания слова &quot;блядь&quot; в комментариях разгорелась дискуссия по поводу этимологии этого слова. Были высказаны две версии заимствования. Например, что само это слово заимствовано из польского языка:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Слово &quot;блядь&quot; происходит от польского &quot;błąd&quot;, что означает &quot;ошибка&quot;. В свою очередь błąd происходит от старославянского корня блѫдъ, который сохранился и в русском и в польском языке, однако польский вариант ближе всего к оригиналу и по произношению, и по смыслу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или даже из иврита (בלי יד):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Оно происходит от слова на иврите, означающее &quot;женщина ходящая в одиночку&quot;. Многие русские бранные слова и слова криминального арго происходят из иврита. Причиной этому является то, что в девятнадцатом веке многие бандиты были евреями &lt;em&gt;(видимо имеется в виду в Одессе, где процветала контрабанда)&lt;/em&gt; и пытались скрыть смысл своих разговоров от полицейских, многие из которых понимали идиш, но не знали иврит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какая из этих версий верна?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD: Google Translate переводит &quot;ивритский&quot; вариант как &quot;без рук&quot;, без каких-либо намеков на &quot;женщину&quot;, так что этот вариант происхождения вызывает большие сомнения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T23:38:43.900" Title="Правда ли что слово &quot;блядь&quot; происходит от польского &quot;błąd&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7976" CreationDate="2015-01-14T14:05:15.773" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;Версия об ивритском происхождении — типичная фольклорная этимология, причем даже сильнее обыкновенного притянутая за уши. Возможно, это шутка, кем-то принятая всерьез. При этом близкое по смыслу слово ивритского происхождения в криминальном арго присутствует — это слово &lt;em&gt;хуна&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С польским очевидно присутствует ровно обратная ситуация: это в современном польском есть ругательство &lt;em&gt;bladź&lt;/em&gt;, фонетически заимствованное из русского и не учитывающее, что польский когнат имел бы носовой гласный. Из-за чего, собственно, слово &lt;em&gt;блядь&lt;/em&gt; в принципе до этого не могло быть заимствовано в русский из польского позже X века, когда носовые исчезли в русском, иначе фонетика это бы отразила — ср. &lt;em&gt;В&lt;strong&gt;ен&lt;/strong&gt;грия&lt;/em&gt; от польского &lt;em&gt;Więgry&lt;/em&gt;. Утверждение, что в такой глубине веков некое слово пришло в древнерусский именно из древнепольского, в отсутствие источников кажется весьма произвольным, тем более что никаких трудностей чисто русская этимология этого слова не представляет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И уж точно этим польским словом не могло быть &lt;em&gt;błąd&lt;/em&gt; — у меня сложилось впечатление, что предложивший его весьма приблизительно себе представлял, как оно звучит, и был сбит с толку графическим подобием. &lt;em&gt;Błąd&lt;/em&gt; — это &lt;em&gt;блуд&lt;/em&gt;, и как когнат, и как тот вид, который приняло бы слово в гипотетическом случае заимствования из польского в X веке или ранее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Резюмируя, можно в шутку (&lt;strong&gt;в шутку&lt;/strong&gt;, подчеркиваю, наученный горьким опытом) сказать, что версия о происхождении слова &lt;em&gt;блядь&lt;/em&gt;, сперва в форме мн.ч. &lt;em&gt;бляди&lt;/em&gt;, от английского бранного эпитета &lt;em&gt;bloody&lt;/em&gt; представляется куда убедительнее и &quot;польской&quot; гипотезы, и &quot;ивритской&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-01-14T14:05:15.773" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7978" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7981" CreationDate="2015-01-15T01:02:52.103" Score="23" ViewCount="1793" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can anyone explain? Is there some rule for when to use &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; and when to use &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4909" LastActivityDate="2016-02-10T11:56:20.600" Title="Why do some say &quot;на Украине&quot; and others &quot;в Украине&quot; and what is correct?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="11" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7978" CreationDate="2015-01-15T01:21:26.133" Score="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's political. &lt;em&gt;В Украине&lt;/em&gt; is the officially preferred Ukrainian version, &lt;em&gt;на Украине&lt;/em&gt; is the one that Russia sticks to, and the fur has been flying for decades at this point. In fact the reason you got downvoted was probably that someone thought you were flamebaiting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-01-15T01:21:26.133" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7980" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7978" CreationDate="2015-01-15T05:19:58.817" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For all countries it is correct to say &quot;в&quot;. Technically using &quot;на&quot; with this context is wrong. But what about Ukraine, I think people just accustomed to use &quot;на Украине&quot;. In most cases nobody cares about this. But if you would like to be correct, you should use &quot;в&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4912" LastActivityDate="2015-01-15T05:19:58.817" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7978" CreationDate="2015-01-15T06:56:24.450" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's because the word &quot;Ukraine&quot; becomes from Russian &quot;Украина&quot; which means &quot;у края&quot; (the source word is &quot;край&quot; (eng. edge)) or &quot;окраина&quot; (eng.: &quot;closed to border&quot;). And in Russian language it is correct to say &quot;я живу на окраине&quot; and the same way for &quot;я живу на Украине&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But nowadays Ukrainian government prefers to forget that Ukraine was a part of Russia and they say that &quot;Ukraine&quot; has another mistyficated root.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So officialy, in Russia it is correct to say &quot;на Украине&quot;, but it is also okay if you say &quot;в Украине&quot;. But in Ukraine you have to say only &quot;в Украине&quot; for political reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4394" LastEditorUserId="4394" LastEditDate="2016-02-02T17:31:52.943" LastActivityDate="2016-02-02T17:31:52.943" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7982" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7978" CreationDate="2015-01-15T10:00:32.573" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В Украине&lt;/em&gt; is the variant used in the Ukraine, including its Russian-speaking parts, and is considered the normative there since early 1990s. &#xA;Approximately at the same time, the country lost &quot;the&quot; article in its official English name and become just Ukraine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russia, the usage with «в» has long been considered a dialectism among others, but later it received a political meaning. It became even more confusing in the recent crisis, when «в Украине» started to be identified with pro-Russian activists in the East, not only with Ukrainian nationalists. Currently one can hear both usages on both sides of political spectrum, but «на Украине» is still considered academically correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-01-15T10:00:32.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7978" CreationDate="2015-01-15T10:42:40.437" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;As others have pointed out, this has become politically loaded, I would say since the breakup of the USSR and Ukraine becoming an independent country. Here is a detailed and more or less unbiased analysis of the controversy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gn.org.ua/in_ua&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://gn.org.ua/in_ua&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize, both prepositions are technically correct, &quot;на&quot; being much more common at least in the 20th century and supported by the &quot;окраина&quot; etymology, &quot;в&quot; emphasizing a separate country and usually implying an alternative (very contrived) etymology. The definite article was dropped in English also for that reason (compare to The Netherlands).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;В Украине&quot; sounds jarring to my ear, but it is technically not wrong, there are examples of this usage from 19th century Russian classics. From that point of view it just sounds like an anachronism today. Ironically, possibly the most famous poem by the most fervently patriotic 19t-century Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko uses &quot;на&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question, use &quot;в Украине&quot; if you want to please Ukrainian patriots/nationalists or want to make a political statement, use &quot;на Украине&quot; if you want please the purists, or avoid the construct altogether if you want to be neutral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3887" LastEditorUserId="3887" LastEditDate="2016-02-10T11:56:20.600" LastActivityDate="2016-02-10T11:56:20.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7978" CreationDate="2015-01-15T12:35:31.373" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As stated in other answers this issue is political.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some people consider this as non-issue and bring it into absurdity by using both in writing and talking a combination of prepositions &quot;в/на Украине&quot; (pronounced as &quot;вна  Украине&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2148" LastActivityDate="2015-01-15T12:35:31.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7985" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="194" CreationDate="2015-01-15T16:41:46.410" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an addition to @Kirill's answer. According to the orthographic reform of Russian language in 1956:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;...&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quantitative word-forms in Genitive and Accusative cases&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;...&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After 1956:  Nowadays, forms ending with &lt;em&gt;“-у&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;-ю&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; are used less and less frequently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE_1956_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0#.D0.9A.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B5_.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BC.D1.8B_.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.8C.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.BE_.D0.B8_.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.8C.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.BE_.D0.BF.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.B6.D0.B5.D0.B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia: Russian Orthography before 1956&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence the correct modern form is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я бы не отказался от чашки чая.&#xA;Можно мне ещё чая?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-01-15T16:53:13.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7968" CreationDate="2015-01-15T17:52:34.247" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Основное правило: если не+что-то можно заменить на одно слово без существенной потери смысла, то &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; пишется слитно, иначе - раздельно.&#xA;Это относится к существительным, прилагательным и наречиям.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://orthographia.ru/orfograf_uk.php?oid=3883&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ссылку&lt;/a&gt; на более подробное правило дал Виталий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно также перевести фразу на английский или другой язык с похожей структурой. Слитное не чаще всего будет соответствовать &quot;non&quot;, a раздельное - &quot;not&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;я неатлет&lt;/em&gt;  ~ &lt;em&gt;I am а non-athlete&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;я не атлет&lt;/em&gt; ~ &lt;em&gt;I am not an athlete&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-01-15T17:52:34.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7987" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7989" CreationDate="2015-01-15T21:12:37.830" Score="2" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need the colon right after the word &lt;code&gt;восклицал&lt;/code&gt; and the comma right after &lt;code&gt;смысла!&quot;&lt;/code&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А когда Виктор &lt;strong&gt;восклицал:&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;Здесь нету никакого &lt;strong&gt;смысла!&quot;,&lt;/strong&gt; или &quot;Где&#xA;  здесь смысл?!&quot;, то он, конечно, не вкусы имел в виду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2015-01-15T23:26:14.773" LastActivityDate="2015-01-15T23:26:14.773" Title="Proper punctuation in direct speech quotations" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;&lt;цитата&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7987" CreationDate="2015-01-15T22:31:05.257" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you can safely skip both:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А когда Виктор восклицал &quot;Здесь нету никакого смысла!&quot; или &quot;Где здесь смысл?!&quot;, то он, конечно, не вкусы имел в виду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looks completely benign to my eyes. Provided this is supposed to be a modern text with modern punctuation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-01-15T22:31:05.257" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7989" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7987" CreationDate="2015-01-15T23:09:18.193" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А когда Виктор восклицал: &quot;Здесь нету никакого смысла!&quot; или &#xA;  &quot;Где здесь смысл?!&quot; — то он, конечно, не вкусы имел в виду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The colon (not semicolon!) is indeed needed to introduce the direct speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The comma is not needed as the coordinate pieces of direct speech are linked by a single conjunction &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;или&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/43.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/43.htm&lt;/a&gt;#з_04&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A dash instead of a comma is recommended after the second piece of direct speech because that ends in an exclamation mark:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И только когда он шептал: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;«Мама! Мама!» – ему становилось как будто легче...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (Чехов) (прямая речь заканчивается восклицательным знаком)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/52.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/52.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2015-01-15T23:15:15.393" LastActivityDate="2015-01-15T23:15:15.393" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7990" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7993" CreationDate="2015-01-16T00:44:42.743" Score="1" ViewCount="18727" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На непросохшем песке &lt;em&gt;еще&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; затоптанные следы крупных капель. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books?id=7Xd3wRfOgIwC&amp;amp;pg=PT45&amp;amp;dq=%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%20%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=LFy4VNqWK-nMyAPfhIH4Bg&amp;amp;ved=0CCQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%20%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Бакланов&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сизый ковыль, ещё не распустившийся, &lt;em&gt;ещё&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; побелевший, расстилался, как волны. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books?id=ZPGxAwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA37&amp;amp;lpg=PA37&amp;amp;dq=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C,%20%D0%B5%D1%89%D1%91%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8F,%20%D0%B5%D1%89%D1%91%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9,%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F,%20%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B.&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=FCbk7fqk_A&amp;amp;sig=hitMVve04PGDGfK-Vk8RB0cSzT8&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=Y1y4VLfqMqaqywPnpYHgCQ&amp;amp;ved=0CFcQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C%20%D0%B5%D1%89%D1%91%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8F%2C%20%D0%B5%D1%89%D1%91%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F%2C%20%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B.&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Аксаков&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...тянулись вверх по небу золотые полосы от лучей &lt;em&gt;еще&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; взошедшего солнца. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://lib.ru/LITRA/KUPRIN/nghtlodg.txt_with-big-pictures.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Куприн&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В моём учебнике я не нашёл для этого правила, но выглядит будто если есть наречие &lt;em&gt;ещё&lt;/em&gt;, то &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; с причастиями пишется раздельно. Что меня смущает, потому что я ведь могу сказать &lt;em&gt;ещё маленький ребёнок&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ещё свежие овощи&lt;/em&gt;, хотя понимаю что &amp;quot;маленький&amp;quot; и &amp;quot;свежий&amp;quot; являются прилагательными, а не причастиями.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Действительно ли &lt;em&gt;ещё&lt;/em&gt; является зависимым от причастий словом и, следовательно, заставляет частицу &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; находиться отдельно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2306" LastEditorUserId="14810" LastEditDate="2021-02-22T17:00:10.720" LastActivityDate="2021-02-22T17:00:10.720" Title="При наречии &quot;ещё&quot;, &quot;не&quot; с причастиями пишется раздельно?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="7991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7978" CreationDate="2015-01-16T00:51:16.723" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Interestingly (or not), I think there's a similarly politically loaded issue when referring to the country in English: does one say &quot;He is from THE Ukraine&quot;, or &quot;He is from Ukraine&quot;? The use of the definite article (&quot;the&quot;) suggests that the speaker is thinking of a region rather than a sovereign state, and for that reason, I think that the use of &quot;the&quot; has been disfavored (perhaps officially) since 1991. Still, dropping the article sounds unnatural to me -- though perhaps that's probably because I grew up during the Cold War.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1632" LastActivityDate="2015-01-16T00:51:16.723" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7992" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7994" CreationDate="2015-01-16T00:58:45.247" Score="2" ViewCount="1824" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Выражение этого взора было очень &lt;em&gt;неопределённо&lt;/em&gt;, но &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; насмешливо&lt;/em&gt;... (&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books?id=aAFUVwju4csC&amp;amp;pg=PA89&amp;amp;lpg=PA89&amp;amp;dq=%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%20%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE%20%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE,%20%D0%BD%D0%BE%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=sn1p8g_uLx&amp;amp;sig=zIrvUeO4cTsYqR1zcG_lGZWTuns&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=F-C2VOP_L-LNygORjIG4Bg&amp;amp;ved=0CEAQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Лермонтов&lt;/a&gt;, абзац со словами &quot;Хорошенькая княжна...&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Союз &lt;strong&gt;но&lt;/strong&gt; здесь имеет значение союза &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; -- это не противопоставление. &lt;em&gt;Насмешливо&lt;/em&gt; здесь &lt;em&gt;краткое прилагательное&lt;/em&gt;, а не наречие. Да даже если и наречие, значит &lt;em&gt;неопределённо&lt;/em&gt; тоже наречие, но &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; с ним написано слитно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему с первым словом &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; написано слитно, а со вторым раздельно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2306" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-01-16T09:48:10.260" LastActivityDate="2015-01-16T09:48:10.260" Title="Не - слитно или раздельно: &quot;неопределённо, но не насмешливо&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7990" CreationDate="2015-01-16T01:13:07.570" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Действительно ли &lt;em&gt;ещё&lt;/em&gt; является зависимым от причастий словом...?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думаю, что именно так.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ещё не затоптанные следы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;не затоптанные ещё следы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;не затоптанные пока следы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;не затоптанные к утру следы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;не затоптанные прохожими следы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кажется, функция зависимого слова налицо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примеры &lt;em&gt;ещё маленький ребёнок&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;ещё свежие овощи&lt;/em&gt; вряд ли хороши, так как не содержат &lt;em&gt;не-&lt;/em&gt;. Можно предложить более наглядные примеры: &lt;em&gt;ещё небольшой ребёнок&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ещё неспелые овощи&lt;/em&gt; -- но &lt;em&gt;ещё не выросший ребёнок&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;ещё не созревшие овощи&lt;/em&gt;. Тут &lt;em&gt;небольшой&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;неспелый&lt;/em&gt; -- прилагательные, легко заменяемые синонимами &lt;em&gt;маленький&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;зелёный&lt;/em&gt;, поэтому они должны писаться слитно. Причастия же с &lt;em&gt;не-&lt;/em&gt;, согласно правилу о зависимом слове, пишутся раздельно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2015-01-16T11:24:50.980" LastActivityDate="2015-01-16T11:24:50.980" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7992" CreationDate="2015-01-16T01:18:39.763" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Оба слова (неопределённо и насмешливо) - краткие прилагательные. &#xA;На сайте &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/rules/?rub=def&amp;amp;text=19_24&quot;&gt;Gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt; приводится следующее правило: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;§ 89. Не пишется раздельно:&#xA;  ...&#xA;  3. При существительных, прилагательных и наречиях, если есть или подразумевается противопоставление, например: не удача привела нас к успеху, а выдержка и хладнокровие; не смерть страшна – страшна твоя немилость (Пушкин); утро настало не ясное, а туманное; поезд идет не быстро и не медленно (подразумевается: «с какой-то средней скоростью»); не завтра (здесь не может не быть противопоставления).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом, выражение её взора было неопределённо (нет противопоставления), но (хотя бы) не насмешливо (противопоставляется &quot;насмешливо&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4884" LastActivityDate="2015-01-16T01:18:39.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7705" CreationDate="2015-01-17T00:40:30.800" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Николай Данилович Голев&lt;/a&gt;, у которого мне посчастливилось учиться, советовал придерживаться синхронного подхода к словообразованию и говорил, что нужно смотреть, какое из двух слов сложнее - семантически и формально. Семантически, глубь - это глубокое место. Значит, семантически, &quot;глубь&quot; = &quot;глубокий&quot; + &quot;место&quot;. Следовательно, &quot;глубокий&quot; - базовое слово, &quot;глубь&quot; образовалось от него. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Формальную словообразовательную цепочку я бы построила так: глубокий + суффикс существительного -ин + флексия = глубина. Глубина - обратный суффиксальный способ словообразования = глубь. Возможно, моя цепочка неверна, я лишь предполагаю, что это так. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4884" LastActivityDate="2015-01-17T00:40:30.800" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7997" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="7999" CreationDate="2015-01-17T01:18:22.257" Score="3" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильно ли звучит эта фраза? Простота и логичность относится к убеждению. Но можно понять, что простота и логичность относятся к нему? Как можно перефразировать это предложение, если это необходимо? Спасибо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-04-05T14:23:43.990" LastActivityDate="2019-04-05T14:23:43.990" Title="Это очень распространённое убеждение укрепилось в нём во многом благодаря своей простоте и логичности?" Tags="&lt;фраза&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7997" CreationDate="2015-01-17T05:22:05.160" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dmitry прав, никакой двусмысленности в утверждении нет. Двусмысленным было бы:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это очень распространённое убеждение укрепилось в нём во многом&#xA;  благодаря &lt;strong&gt;его&lt;/strong&gt; простоте и логичности&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-01-17T05:22:05.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="7999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7997" CreationDate="2015-01-17T09:28:47.953" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правило простое, оно звучит так: &lt;em&gt;местоимение «свой» означает «относящийся к подлежащему»&lt;/em&gt;. Поскольку в вашем предложении подлежащим является «убеждение», то ничего перефразировать не надо, всё понятно однозначно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-01-17T09:28:47.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8000" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-17T11:15:54.103" Score="2" ViewCount="379" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is one of my many attempts to get some vocabulary into my head. I was thinking if you guys have any good, interesting or funny Russian words/phrases that can replace some of the Оченьs below. For example, are there better Russian expressions for Очень много, Очень громко,... etc? I'm hoping to hear some amusing expressions; even slang!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very afraid — terrified Очень боюсь — страшно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very angry — furious. Очень зол — в ярости; как собака — Она злая, как собака.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very bad — atrocious Очень плохо — отвратительная&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very beautiful — exquisite Очень красивый — очаровательный &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very big — immense Очень большой — огромный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very bright — dazzling Очень яркий — ослепляющий &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very capable — accomplished. Очень способный — схватывает на лету (about learning)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very clean — spotless Очень чистые —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very clever — brilliant Очень умный — гениальный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very close — Очень близко — Под носом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very cold — freezing. Очень холодно - морозно (adverb), дубак, холодрыга (slang)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very dangerous — Очень опасна —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very dirty — squalid Очень грязный — грязный как свинья&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very dry — parched Очень сухой — выжженная&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very expensive — exorbitant. Очень дорогой — непомерный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very far — Очень далеко — За горизонтом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very fast — quick Очень быстро — Как пуля&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very fat — Очень толстый — Жиртрест&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very few — Очень мало —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very fierce — ferocious Очень жестокой — свирепый&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very good — superb Очень хорошо — превосходный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very happy — jubilant Очень рад — ликующая&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very hot — Очень жарко —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very hungry — ravenous Очень голоден — голодный как волк&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very large — colossal Очень большой — колоссальная&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very late — Очень поздно —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very lazy — Очень ленив —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very little — Очень мало —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very lively — vivacious Очень живой —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very long — Очень долго —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very loud — Очень громко — ;как потерпевший — Что вы кричите как потерпевший?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very loved — adored Очень любил — обожаемая&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very much — Очень много —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very neat — immaculate. Очень ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very noisy — Очень шумно —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very often — Очень часто — Как из пулемета&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very old — ancient Очень старый — древний&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very poor — destitute Очень плохое — Нищий&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very pretty — beautiful Очень красивая —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very quiet — silent Очень тихий —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very risky — perilous Очень рискованно — опасно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very roomy — spacious; Очень просторный — &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very serious — solemn Очень серьезно — торжественное&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very short — Очень короткий — огрызок&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very skinny — Очень худой —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very slow — Очень медленно — Как черепаха&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very small — tiny Очень мало — крошечный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very soft — Очень мягкий —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very strong — unyielding; Очень сильный — Непобедимый &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very stupid — idiotic. Очень глу́пый — идиотизм; тупой, тупой как пробка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very tall — Очень высок —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very tasty — delicious Очень вкусно —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very thin — gaunt; Очень тонкий — тонюсенький.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very thin — skinny; Очень худой — Тощий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very tired — exhausted. Очень устал - вымотанный (participle)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very valuable — precious Очень ценное — драгоценный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very weak — feeble Очень слабый —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very wicked — villainous Очень злой — злодейский&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very wise — sagacious Очень мудрый — прозорливый&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very worried — anxious Очень беспокоит — тревожный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very young — Очень молод — Зелень&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4702" LastEditorUserId="4702" LastEditDate="2015-01-18T12:26:54.983" LastActivityDate="2015-01-18T15:35:00.960" Title="Слишком Очень Много" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8001" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8002" CreationDate="2015-01-17T11:44:57.370" Score="4" ViewCount="211" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the right way to tell a present passive participle from an adjective? I guess if the agent is mentioned (like in &quot;Изменяемый &lt;strong&gt;мною&lt;/strong&gt; проект&quot;), then it's for sure a participle. But what about such cases, in which the agent is not mentioned? Like the ones below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;СМИ уже больше не обращают никакого внимания на постоянно&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;изменяемые&lt;/strong&gt; проекты городского правительства.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всё это &lt;strong&gt;изменяемые&lt;/strong&gt; величины, а не константы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В отличие от &quot;пианино&quot; и &quot;пальто&quot; такие слова как &quot;машина&quot;, &quot;ковёр&quot; и&#xA;  &quot;контракт&quot; - всё это &lt;strong&gt;изменяемые&lt;/strong&gt; по падежам слова.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2015-01-17T22:48:44.443" Title="How to tell a participle from an adjective?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;participle&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8001" CreationDate="2015-01-17T13:48:07.687" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, the participles mean &quot;the ones which &lt;em&gt;are being changed&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (your example #1), and the adjectives mean &quot;the ones that &lt;em&gt;can be changed&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (your examples #2 and #3).&#xA;Anyhow, it is very difficult even for the native speakers of Russian to distinguish between the participles and the adjectives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-01-17T13:48:07.687" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8000" CreationDate="2015-01-17T13:57:27.910" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Don't forget, &quot;very&quot; before adjectives and adverbs can often be translated with the augmentative prefix &lt;code&gt;пре-&lt;/code&gt; attached to those adjectives and adverbs, so &quot;very much&quot; can well be translated as &quot;премного&quot;, &quot;very big&quot; as &quot;пребольшой&quot;, etc.&#xA;Still, not every adjectives or adverb has this form with &lt;code&gt;пре-&lt;/code&gt;, e.g. &quot;медленно/медленный&quot; hasn't got it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-01-17T13:57:27.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8000" CreationDate="2015-01-17T14:36:07.003" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень много&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Как у дурака фантиков.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Да у него денег, &lt;em&gt;как у дурака фантиков&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Клондайк!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сколько у тебя инструментов! Целый &lt;em&gt;клондайк&lt;/em&gt;!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень громко&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как раненный зверь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Чего орешь, &lt;em&gt;как раненный зверь&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень шумно&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как медведь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ходил по комнате &lt;em&gt;как медведь&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень мало&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как украл.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Принес воды &lt;em&gt;как украл&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень мал&lt;/strong&gt; (рост)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Метр с кепкой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Да у него рост - &lt;em&gt;метр с кепкой&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень жарко&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пекло!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В комнате было &lt;em&gt;пекло&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cлишком долго&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Только за смертью посылать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Где ты ходил? Тебя &lt;em&gt;только за смертью посылать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cлишком высок&lt;/strong&gt; (рост)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) дядя Степа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Каланча.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень короткий&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Огрызок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;От провода остался &lt;em&gt;огрызок&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень быстро&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как пуля.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пассажир пробежал &lt;em&gt;как пуля&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень медленно&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как черепаха.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Школьник плелся &lt;em&gt;как черепаха&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Поезд ехал &lt;em&gt;как черепаха&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень часто&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как из пулемета.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как из пулемета&lt;/em&gt; вылетали листы печатающей машинки.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень далеко&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;За горизонтом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Муж &lt;em&gt;за горизонтом&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень близко&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Под носом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Книга у тебя &lt;em&gt;под носом&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень толстый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жиртрест.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ну ты и &lt;em&gt;жиртрест&lt;/em&gt;...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень стар&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да из него уже песок сыпется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень молод&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Зелень.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Зелень&lt;/em&gt; ещё, чтобы сделать это.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Два вершка от горшка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Два вершка от горшка&lt;/em&gt;, а даешь советы!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4920" LastEditorUserId="4920" LastEditDate="2015-01-17T14:45:41.683" LastActivityDate="2015-01-17T14:45:41.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7997" CreationDate="2015-01-17T14:45:11.877" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сочетание &lt;em&gt;в нём во многом&lt;/em&gt; создаёт мимолётное впечатление однородных членов предложения, и возникает некоторая запинка в понимании.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я бы переформулировал, но прежде обветил бы на вопрос: &lt;strong&gt;во многом&lt;/strong&gt; — благодаря простоте и логичности, а &lt;strong&gt;в остальном&lt;/strong&gt; — благодаря чему? Распространённости? Или чему-то неназванному в этом предложении? Нужно ли тут вообще это &lt;em&gt;во многом&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2015-01-17T14:45:11.877" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8006" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-17T19:12:07.753" Score="-1" ViewCount="578" Body="&lt;p&gt;Интересуюсь, что такое бзда. Помогите&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's ridiculous. What is your problem people? I don't understand downvotes. There is such word, all I am asking is for some help explaining it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%B1%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Google ngram&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D0%B1%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0&amp;amp;btnG=Search%20Books&amp;amp;tbm=bks&amp;amp;tbo=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Google books&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is wrong with it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2015-01-17T21:33:48.643" LastActivityDate="2015-01-18T20:31:37.257" Title="Что такое бзда?" Tags="&lt;словоприменение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2015-01-20T23:24:51.153" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8007" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-17T20:51:38.467" Score="0" ViewCount="314" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have finally gotten through all the grammar, but I am confused with certain words. For example, I learned about &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;можно&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;нужно&lt;/strong&gt;. But, words like &lt;strong&gt;видно&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;замечательно&lt;/strong&gt; are confusing me. Like, what does &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Я видно&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Он замечательно&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; mean, and why is it &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Мне нужно&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, but not &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Я нужно&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4924" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2015-01-18T11:18:34.190" LastActivityDate="2015-01-24T20:49:58.090" Title="Russian Predicatives" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8007" CreationDate="2015-01-17T21:14:42.747" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я видно&quot; is in itself meaningless.&#xA;&quot;Я, видно,..&quot; is okay and roughly neans &quot;looks like I'm...&quot; - no actual looking is involved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Замечательно can work both ways. &quot;Он замечательно прыгает&quot; - he jumps magnificently. &quot;Ему замечательно повезло&quot; - &quot;he got really lucky&quot;. Note how you can't say &quot;he really lucky&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мне нужно сделать&quot; but &quot;Я должен сделать&quot; - I guess it's just how it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-01-17T21:14:42.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8007" CreationDate="2015-01-17T21:30:45.017" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many impersonal constructions in Russian that take Dative. Here you can check some of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://docs.google.com/document/d/175yZTwBcSukMlenZrGT5XS2szmfFax7-p9J20D2ch3w/edit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;impersonal sentences with Dative&lt;/a&gt;. Those constructions can be literally translated as &lt;em&gt;It is needed to me&lt;/em&gt; (мне нужно), &lt;em&gt;it is wanted to me&lt;/em&gt; (мне хочется) or &lt;em&gt;it is liked to me&lt;/em&gt; (мне нравится). In English, you have a subject 'I' and verbs that are in active voice. In Russian, it works differently: 'I' is rather passive, so things happen to &quot;I&quot;, instead of 'I' being an active subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне видно - It is visible to me. &quot;Я видно&quot; is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он живёт / чувствует себя замечательно - he is fine (alternatively, you can say, у него всё замечательно)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4884" LastActivityDate="2015-01-17T21:30:45.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8007" CreationDate="2015-01-17T21:31:05.240" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unlike English, Russian can have adverbs as predicatives. I agree with &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/310/alamar&quot;&gt;@alamar&lt;/a&gt; about &quot;Я видно&quot; и &quot;Он замечательно&quot;, but as for &quot;Мне нужно&quot; I can explain it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Нужно&quot; means &quot;needed&quot;, and it is a whole clause by itself meaning &quot;[it is] needed&quot;, both &quot;it&quot; and &quot;is&quot; are omitted in Russian. &quot;Мне&quot; is &quot;for me&quot;, so &quot;Мне нужно&quot; is translated word-for-word &quot;for me it is needed&quot;, which actually mean &quot;I need&quot;, that is how this phrase is working in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-01-17T21:31:05.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8000" CreationDate="2015-01-17T21:52:30.000" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень громко&lt;/strong&gt; -- как потерпевший -- Что вы кричите как потерпевший?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень глупо&lt;/strong&gt; -- тупой, тупой как пробка -- Он тупой, как пробка (про человека или животное). &#xA;&lt;em&gt;НО:&lt;/em&gt; Тупые мысли, тупые поступки (здесь &quot;как пробка&quot; ставить не надо).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень зол&lt;/strong&gt; -- как собака -- Она злая, как собака.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4926" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2015-01-17T22:39:06.513" LastActivityDate="2015-01-17T22:39:06.513" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8000" CreationDate="2015-01-17T22:35:25.783" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some comments to words that you wrote (my comments only about Russian words and phrases and their correspondence to each other, not about accuracy of translation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Very beautiful — exquisite Очень красивый — изысканная&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would prefer here &lt;code&gt;очаровательный&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;изысканный&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Very bright — dazzling Очень яркий — ослепляет&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;ослепляет&lt;/code&gt; is verb in present tense, you can use &lt;code&gt;ослепляющий&lt;/code&gt; (participle). Be careful with &lt;code&gt;ослепительный&lt;/code&gt; - it often means &lt;code&gt;очень красивый&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Very dirty — squalid Очень грязный — убогий&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;убогий&lt;/code&gt; is incorrect. You can use &lt;code&gt;грязный как свинья&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Very hungry — ravenous Очень голоден — хищный&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;хищный&lt;/code&gt; is incorrect. You can use &lt;code&gt;голодный как волк&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Very poor — destitute Очень плохое — нищие&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incorrect. &lt;code&gt;Нищий&lt;/code&gt; (it can be noun and adjective) means &lt;code&gt;[person] without money&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Very roomy — spacious Очень вместительный — просторный&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not good. &lt;code&gt;вместительный&lt;/code&gt; is applicable mainly to transport (cars, trucks, buses, planes) and containers (bags, backpacks, etc.), &lt;code&gt;просторный&lt;/code&gt; - to rooms and buildings (But both of them could be used for cars).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;7&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Very strong — unyielding Очень сильный — неуступчивый&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incorrect. &lt;code&gt;Непобедимый&lt;/code&gt; will be better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Very thin — gaunt Очень тонкая — тощий&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incorrect. &lt;code&gt;Тощий&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;очень худой&lt;/code&gt;, for &lt;code&gt;очень тонкий&lt;/code&gt; you can use &lt;code&gt;тонюсенький&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Very capable — accomplished Очень способный — осуществляется&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Very cold — freezing Очень холодно — замораживание&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Very eager — keen Очень хотелось — сильно&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Very neat — immaculate Очень аккуратно — совершенные&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Very tired — exhausted Очень устал — исчерпаны&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is meaningless and looks like bad machine translation. I can recommend:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Очень способный&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;схватывает на лету&lt;/code&gt; (about learning)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Очень холодно&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;морозно&lt;/code&gt; (adverb), also &lt;code&gt;дубак&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;холодрыга&lt;/code&gt; (both are slang nouns, both are used to describe weather).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Очень хотелось&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;невтерпеж&lt;/code&gt; (adverb)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Очень устал&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;вымотанный&lt;/code&gt; (participle)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also many of words in your pairs are different parts of speech or have different gender. For example: &lt;code&gt;Очень глупо — идиотизм&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;глупо&lt;/code&gt; is adverb, &lt;code&gt;идиотизм&lt;/code&gt; is noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2015-01-17T22:35:25.783" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8001" CreationDate="2015-01-17T22:48:44.443" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A participle is a form of a verb that describes change over time.  An adjective describes a more permanent attribute.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What makes example #1 &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;постоянно изменяемые&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; different from the other two is that it describes a &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;change over time&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2015-01-17T22:48:44.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8014" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8006" CreationDate="2015-01-18T00:19:14.067" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Во всех примерах на Google Books — неправильно считанные слова с буквой ять: ѣзда (езда, ride), звѣзда (звезда, star), уѣзда (genitive of уезд, county)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В ссылках на форумы — иногда просторечное существительное от &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;«бздеть»&lt;/a&gt;, или эвфемизм в значении &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;«пизда»&lt;/a&gt;. Как правило, никакой смысловой нагрузки не несет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2015-01-18T20:31:37.257" LastActivityDate="2015-01-18T20:31:37.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7903" CreationDate="2015-01-18T05:33:32.443" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;подруга is something like female fellow. Nothing serious. This is sexism)  &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Привет, дружище. Привет, друг. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Привет, подруга. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4927" LastActivityDate="2015-01-18T05:33:32.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8000" CreationDate="2015-01-18T15:35:00.960" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слишком мало (обычно о ресурсах) - кот наплакал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очень много (чего-то полезного или хорошего) - навалом. (У Маши денег кот наплакал, зато у Билла Гейтса их навалом.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очень много денег - денег куры не клюют.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очень глупое замечание - не смеши мои тапочки, бред, бредятина, бред сивой кобылы, чушь собачья.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очень худой:&#xA;1. Тоненькая, тонкая (seldom about males) - positive&#xA;2. Тощий - negative, but not offensive&#xA;3. Худющий - negative, but again not offensive, it is often told about children and animals&#xA;4. Дистрофик - may be either offensive or a medical diagnosis&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очень толстый: жирный, жирдяй, жиртрест (all of these are offensive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очень любить: обожать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очень обидеться: смертельно обидеться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очень хороший/красивый: потрясающий&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-01-18T15:35:00.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8017" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8027" CreationDate="2015-01-18T21:41:52.533" Score="7" ViewCount="921" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мы то и дело используем в прошедшем времени несовершенный вид там, где он по базовому смыслу  вполне заменим на совершенный, однако контекст требует подчеркнуть, что было выполнено некое предписанное или необходимое действие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Номер телефона &lt;strong&gt;вводил&lt;/strong&gt;, но никакого подтверждения не пришло.&lt;/em&gt; (Говорящий, скорее всего, ввел номер один раз, а не несколько.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;У меня что-то спина уже неделю болит.&quot; &quot;К врачу &lt;strong&gt;ходил&lt;/strong&gt;?&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (Опять же несовершенный вид подчеркивает предписанность действия, а не его многократность или продолжительность.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Интересует меня вот что: есть ли исследования на тему того, с каких пор в русском языке отмечается такое употребление? Потому что объяснить его можно двумя разными способами: либо чисто семантическим (некая виртуальная &quot;продолжительность&quot; действия подчеркивает, что важен не столько результат, сколько процесс), либо историческим. Второй интереснее и опасно располагает к спекуляциям, но нельзя не отметить: такая функция у несовершенного вида есть только в прошедшем времени. &lt;em&gt;Даже если ты &lt;strong&gt;введешь&lt;/strong&gt; номер, подтверждения не придет&lt;/em&gt; — &quot;будешь вводить&quot; здесь неуместно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэтому возникает такое предположение: несовершенный вид в этом значении был еще в пору, когда прошедших времен в русском было четыре, и оттенок &quot;предписанности&quot; выражался как раз через выбор глагольного времени. Возможно, это одно из исконных употреблений несовершенного вида в перфекте, который теперь стал нашим единственным прошедшим временем, а в прочих случаях ему предпочитался аорист или имперфект. Или наоборот, там как раз требовался аорист?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2015-01-20T08:57:06.050" LastActivityDate="2015-01-20T08:57:06.050" Title="Несовершенный вид в значении совершенного" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8007" CreationDate="2015-01-19T01:17:22.603" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, &quot;I need...&quot; is literally expressed as &quot;to me is needed...&quot; = мне нужно and &quot;I like...&quot; is literally expressed as &quot;to me is liked...&quot; = мне нравится. This is why, for instance, &quot;I need the car&quot; = Мне нужна машина with машина in the nominative case. Although in English the word car is the object, so you may think it belongs in the accusative case in Russian, the Russian construction is saying &quot;To me is needed a car&quot; or, a bit less awkwardly, &quot;To me a car is needed.&quot; Either way, car is not the object of the sentence but the subject, hence nominative. Similarly, &quot;I like geometry&quot; is мне нравится геометрия, with geometry in the nominative case since the Russian construction is &quot;To me is liked geometry&quot; or &quot;To me geometry us liked.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using a more direct construction can have a different meaning than you may intend. For example, &quot;he is cold&quot; is expressed as ему холодно = &quot;to him it is cold.&quot; If you instead use the adjective холодный to say someone is cold (он холодный человек or он холоден, using a short form adjective in the second version) then that means the person is cold as an emotional state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2015-01-19T02:11:00.077" LastActivityDate="2015-01-19T02:11:00.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8017" CreationDate="2015-01-19T03:00:26.943" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a difference in the meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;К врачу ходил?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have you visited a/the doctor one or more times due to your condition (for advise, treatment, extended diagnostics, anything one can do several times)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;К врачу сходил?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have you visited a/the doctor due to your condition (for a document, certificate, certain one-time test, anything non-repeatable)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-01-19T03:00:26.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2674" CreationDate="2015-01-19T10:28:48.963" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are looking for a slang word i think &quot;пафосный&quot; will do too&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4935" LastActivityDate="2015-01-19T10:28:48.963" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8021" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8022" CreationDate="2015-01-19T13:59:56.497" Score="2" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need the period here right after the closing parenthesis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он торговал только фруктами (яблоками, грушами, апельсинами, и &lt;strong&gt;т.п.).&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  Приближалась осень.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or should I, perhaps, drop the dots in the &quot;т.п.&quot; contraction? Like here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он торговал только фруктами (яблоками, грушами, апельсинами, и &lt;strong&gt;тп&lt;/strong&gt;).&#xA;  Приближалась осень.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2015-01-19T19:04:10.493" LastActivityDate="2015-01-19T19:04:10.493" Title="Proper punctuation with contractions at the closing parenthesis" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8021" CreationDate="2015-01-19T14:32:30.183" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, in case of parentheses at the end of the sentence after contractions, the period is needed (also, you can't omit periods in contractions like you did in your second example). The period, however, is not doubled if there are no parentheses. Some examples from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ufanabor.ru/pages/art8_mainrule.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this source&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В магазин поступила обувь: калоши, сапоги, валенки &lt;strong&gt;и др.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В магазин поступили игрушки: неваляшки (50 шт.), машинки заводные (15 шт.), пистолеты пластмассовые &lt;strong&gt;(157 шт.).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-01-19T14:32:30.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8023" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8024" CreationDate="2015-01-19T16:47:42.130" Score="6" ViewCount="287" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the word Бывай! still used in contemporary Russian as a way of saying 'goodbye'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4936" LastActivityDate="2016-03-12T12:16:46.613" Title="Бывай! still used?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8023" CreationDate="2015-01-19T16:55:27.067" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this word is in use. But it is rather informal form of &quot;goodbye&quot;, for example between good friends&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4433" LastActivityDate="2015-01-19T16:55:27.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8023" CreationDate="2015-01-19T17:17:41.343" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's one of those semi-obsolete expressions whose usage is either facetious or a personal mannerism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-01-19T17:17:41.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2674" CreationDate="2015-01-19T18:30:40.507" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;пошлый - прекрасное слово, которое отражает многие оттенки cheesy: cheap, unpleasant, or blatantly inauthentic&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastActivityDate="2015-01-19T18:30:40.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8017" CreationDate="2015-01-19T19:26:34.600" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.philol.msu.ru/%7Eruslang/about/employee/bezyaeva.m.g/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;М.Г. Безяева&lt;/a&gt; в книге &amp;quot;Семантика коммуникативного уровня звучащего языка&amp;quot; указывает на различное коммуникативное значение совершенного и несовершенного видов. Другими словами, выбор вида зависит от того, как мы оцениваем ситуацию, а не только от номинативного и грамматического значений глагольного вида.  Безяева даёт следующее определение инвариантному значению видов:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Форма несовершенного вида - должное, необходимое, нужное (с модификациями алгоритма развёртывания).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Форма совершенного вида - возможность, способность (с модификациями алгоритма развёртывания).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Безяева М.Г,Семантика коммуникативного уровня звучащего языка, Москва, Издательство Московского университета, 2002 - с. 721)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В вашем примере несовершенный вид глагола &amp;quot;вводил&amp;quot; как раз подчёркивает необходимость совершения действия, то есть посыл говорящего здесь &amp;quot;я сделал всё, что должен был, всё, что было обязательно и необходимо&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Коммуникативная семантика является относительно новым направлением в лингвистике, но мне данное объяснение кажется убедительным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4884" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-01-19T19:26:34.600" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8023" CreationDate="2015-01-19T22:26:52.003" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also you can use &lt;code&gt;давай&lt;/code&gt;. This word means handshake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Давай, увидимся!&lt;/strong&gt;  = Goodbye, see you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бывай, до встречи!&lt;/strong&gt; = same as above&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4926" LastActivityDate="2015-01-19T22:26:52.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8030" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8031" CreationDate="2015-01-20T07:19:38.933" Score="4" ViewCount="240" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;From America&quot; translates to &lt;code&gt;из Америки&lt;/code&gt; and I know that из will take the genitive case. &lt;code&gt;Америка&lt;/code&gt; is a feminine noun (because it ends in &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt; and is a place). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To form the genitive case of a singular feminine noun, you replace &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;Америка&lt;/code&gt; would become &lt;code&gt;Америкы&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this not the correct declension?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4940" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-01-20T07:54:55.987" LastActivityDate="2015-01-20T23:34:51.910" Title="Declension of America" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8030" CreationDate="2015-01-20T07:35:39.370" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;For nouns which end by -кa,  -а is replaced by -и:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;маска - из маски&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;каска - из каски&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;рука - из руки&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Америка - из Америки&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-01-20T07:35:39.370" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8023" CreationDate="2015-01-20T13:37:04.577" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Though it has a slightly retro style I guess, it can be used still in inofficial speech  like among good friends and such. Derives from wishing good health when saying goodbye ( i.e. бывай  здоров) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4935" LastEditorUserId="4935" LastEditDate="2016-03-12T12:16:46.613" LastActivityDate="2016-03-12T12:16:46.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8033" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8034" CreationDate="2015-01-20T16:20:13.887" Score="2" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть предложение: &quot;Мне задали вопросы про ряды Тейлора и теоремы Эйлера и Кёнига.&quot; Мне кажется, что запятые здесь не нужны. Но, так как &quot;и&quot; несколько, то, возможно, их нужно поставить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4897" LastActivityDate="2015-01-20T17:07:13.060" Title="Как правильно расставить пунктуацию?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8033" CreationDate="2015-01-20T17:07:13.060" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вы правы, никаких запятых не нужно.&#xA;Здесь два ряда однородных членов предложения:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;вопросы про (что?) ряды и теоремы&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;теоремы (чьи?) Эйлера и Кёнига&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В каждом ряду - свой союз &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-01-20T17:07:13.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8035" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8030" CreationDate="2015-01-20T23:34:51.910" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sound shifts &lt;em&gt;кы &gt; ки&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;гы &gt; ги&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;хы &gt; хи&lt;/em&gt; date back to the 12th or 13th century and were unconditional, making &lt;em&gt;кы&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;гы&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;хы&lt;/em&gt; prohibited sequences in Russian phonotactics. They only occur in a handful of mostly Turkic loanwords, such as &lt;em&gt;хычин&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;акын&lt;/em&gt;, some toponyms, and &lt;em&gt;гы&lt;/em&gt;, a slang onomatopoeia for crass laughter. This is a different phenomenon from the purely conventional spelling preference for &lt;em&gt;жи&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ши&lt;/em&gt; despite the vowel being technically [ы].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus an older genitive form of &lt;em&gt;рука&lt;/em&gt; was indeed &lt;em&gt;рукы&lt;/em&gt; rather than the modern &lt;em&gt;руки&lt;/em&gt;, but the form &lt;em&gt;*Америкы&lt;/em&gt; never existed because the sound shift predates Columbus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-01-20T23:34:51.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8036" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8040" CreationDate="2015-01-21T20:01:06.953" Score="9" ViewCount="940" Body="&lt;p&gt;This morning I asked a woman in a shop &lt;code&gt;Как его зовут?&lt;/code&gt;, referring to some toothpaste. She replied &quot;Aquafresh&quot;. Is it perhaps that &lt;code&gt;зовут&lt;/code&gt; specifically connotes asking for something's &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;, rather than just the word for it? Is there a better way to say it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-01-21T22:08:23.817" LastActivityDate="2015-01-23T12:21:05.513" Title="How to ask for what an object is called?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8037" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8038" CreationDate="2015-01-21T20:55:42.630" Score="12" ViewCount="8552" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering if there's any difference between&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;на английском&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;по-английски&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(for example when asking how to say something in English).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4952" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-03-29T21:14:22.563" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T21:14:22.563" Title="&quot;На английском&quot; or &quot;по-английски&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8037" CreationDate="2015-01-21T22:00:35.003" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are more or less interchangeable as far as verbs for speaking and writing are concerned; there's a slight idiomatic preference for &lt;em&gt;по-английски&lt;/em&gt; when referring to speaking and for &lt;em&gt;на английском&lt;/em&gt; for writing. However, &lt;em&gt;понимать&lt;/em&gt; &quot;to understand&quot; requires &lt;em&gt;по-английски&lt;/em&gt;, while you have to use &lt;em&gt;на английском&lt;/em&gt; if it refers to a noun rather than a verb — such as &lt;em&gt;разговор&lt;/em&gt; &quot;conversation&quot; or &lt;em&gt;книга&lt;/em&gt; &quot;book&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, &lt;em&gt;на английском&lt;/em&gt; is narrower in meaning, implying as it does the word &lt;em&gt;языке&lt;/em&gt;, whereas &lt;em&gt;по-английски&lt;/em&gt; is not limited to language. Thus &lt;em&gt;детектив на английском&lt;/em&gt; is &quot;a detective story in English&quot; whereas &lt;em&gt;детектив по-английски&lt;/em&gt; is &quot;a detective story &lt;em&gt;à l'anglais&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;a very English detective story&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-01-23T12:29:11.557" LastActivityDate="2015-01-23T12:29:11.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8036" CreationDate="2015-01-21T22:19:30.407" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;With objects, you ask &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как это называется?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (Note also that &lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;, rather than &lt;em&gt;оно&lt;/em&gt;, is the default &quot;it&quot; pronoun for objects; you use the pronoun of the object's respective grammatical gender when you've already referred to that object.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как его/её зовут?&lt;/em&gt; is even more specific than that, it's for asking about some&lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt;’s name, so asking it about something like toothpaste sounds whimsical. You can ask it about an animal, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-01-21T22:19:30.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8036" CreationDate="2015-01-21T22:19:46.937" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;When referring some nonliving object, it's better to ask:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;To get the name (title in the case of goods) of a particular object:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как это называется?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;To get the type (class, kind) of an object:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что это?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2015-01-21T22:19:46.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8037" CreationDate="2015-01-22T02:52:19.987" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are almost interchangeable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though, you should always remember the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«по-английски», «по-японски»&lt;/strong&gt; etc. are about &lt;strong&gt;action being performed&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;English-way&quot;, &quot;Russian-way&quot; etc. It is used for real actions and for some stuff that is &quot;like English people do&quot; (for example, &quot;сэндвичи по-английски&quot; if sandwiches in UK were somehow special).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«на английском», «на русском»&lt;/strong&gt; are about some &lt;strong&gt;content being written&lt;/strong&gt; (spoken) in some language. You can also use them to talk about the ability to speak a language.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which means that a book, subtitles, an e-mail or an inscription can only be &quot;на английском&quot; but not &quot;по-английски&quot; (unless you want to imply that they bear some English flavour, as Nikolay Ershov illustrated with «детектив по-английски»)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also means that sushi and pelmeni that English people do in some unique way can only be «пельмени по-английски», «суши по-английски» (even if I made them up, and those do not exist).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a bonus, since there is no American or Austrian language, you only have «по-американски», «по-австрийски». Things can be done &quot;American way&quot; but cannot be written or spoken in American languge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2015-01-22T02:52:19.987" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8042" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8044" CreationDate="2015-01-22T06:23:14.130" Score="3" ViewCount="2505" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно сказать: &quot;Через Интернет&quot; или &quot;по Интернету&quot;, или оба варианта правильные? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4953" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-03-23T13:28:12.530" LastActivityDate="2015-03-23T13:28:12.530" Title="Через Интернет или по Интернету" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8036" CreationDate="2015-01-22T06:59:57.493" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Как его зовут?&quot; = &quot;What is his name?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I heard &quot;Как его зовут?&quot; referring to a thing in a supermarket, I would understand it as &quot;How the mascot of this thing is called?&quot; if there was a picture of a super-hero or an animal on the box, or you were asking for the name of the advertising actor whose photo is depicted. If there were no animated hero or a photo on the thing, I just would not parse the question (or, possibly, would guess you are asking about the name of the CEO of the company that produces the thing?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-01-23T12:21:05.513" LastActivityDate="2015-01-23T12:21:05.513" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8042" CreationDate="2015-01-22T07:47:53.597" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Оба варианта правильные. Забронировать гостиницу, заказать что-то - через Интернет/по Интернету. А вот если, например, &quot;узнать что-то&quot;, то правильней будет &quot;из Интернета&quot; или &quot;в Интернете&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4954" LastActivityDate="2015-01-22T07:47:53.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8036" CreationDate="2015-01-22T12:56:23.267" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most comfortable form for the person you're asking would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как называется эта &amp;lt;вещь&gt;?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как называется эта зубная паста? Как называется этот город? Как называется то дерево?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This way you specify the thing which name you like to know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-01-22T12:56:23.267" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8046" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8047" CreationDate="2015-01-22T23:14:56.127" Score="1" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;p&gt;All the dictionaries say this is a perfective verb. I wonder if it's both perfective and imperfective, in other words is it possible to say (excuse any errors) something like: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я продержусь ради моих детей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I'm holding out for my children's sake.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-01-23T03:50:36.513" Title="aspect of продержаться" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8046" CreationDate="2015-01-22T23:23:34.437" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm holding out for my children's sake would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я держусь ради моих детей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb продержусь is indeed perfective. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я продержусь ради моих детей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is actually the Future tense, it means &quot;I will (can?) hold out for my children's sake&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4884" LastActivityDate="2015-01-22T23:23:34.437" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8048" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-23T02:16:51.810" Score="2" ViewCount="1076" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, I understand what passive voice is, but how would would use it in the past. For example (this is a horrible example by the way): Книга читается женщиной. But, how would this be made past tense? Would it be &quot;Книга читалась женщиной&quot;, or is that completely wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4925" LastActivityDate="2015-01-23T14:37:06.737" Title="Reflexive Verbs and Passive Voice" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8049" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-23T03:45:16.997" Score="7" ViewCount="295" Body="&lt;p&gt;что нового? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;что интересного? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've read a lot about grammar this year, and nothing seems to fit with this usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it an abbreviation of some fuller phrase from the past? Many times if one can find the origins of a phrase one can understand its current usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I read another post here, that talked about differences between что новое и что нового. But nobody explained why the genitive is used. In my opinion there is no good reason, based on most of the grammar rules, unless, it was part of some fuller phrase. Or unless it's saying something like what is new AROUND you, in which case there is a missing предлог or an implied one like (около или у или...) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2015-01-25T23:47:37.360" Title="Why is the Gentive in Question—что нового? итд" Tags="&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8046" CreationDate="2015-01-23T03:50:36.513" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;продерживаться probably exists, but might not be formal. Almost all verbs have both perfective and imperfective, even if dictionaries say they don't exist. Just search on Google for the usual form, and 99% of the time someone has used it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2015-01-23T03:50:36.513" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8049" CreationDate="2015-01-23T04:01:34.303" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not an abbreviation; an adjective governed by &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt; basically requires genitive, and this as far as I can tell is very old Slavic grammar; at least it also occurs in Polish and Czech, which take it even further (or should I say, preserve it even more faithfully) and have &lt;code&gt;coś dziwnego&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;něco divného&lt;/code&gt; &quot;something strange&quot; where Russian has the nominative &lt;code&gt;что-то странное&lt;/code&gt; (however, &lt;code&gt;Что в этом странного?&lt;/code&gt; &quot;What's strange about that?&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the same general construction is used in Spanish: &lt;code&gt;¿Qué hay de nuevo?&lt;/code&gt; So it's basically genitive with a partitive or ablative meaning: &quot;what's there of the new?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-01-23T04:01:34.303" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8052" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8056" CreationDate="2015-01-23T04:39:55.067" Score="14" ViewCount="530" Body="&lt;p&gt;The modern Cyrillic letter had the shape of H a thousand years ago, it descends from the Greek H η 'Ήτα, Ēta'. What is interesting is &lt;em&gt;when and why&lt;/em&gt; this letter changed the angle of its bar from H to И.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-01-23T15:01:54.303" Title="Н &gt; И change in Cyrillic, when and why?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8053" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8048" CreationDate="2015-01-23T05:11:21.293" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's correct (though it is an awkward sentence). The past tense of reflexive verbs is formed the same way as non-reflexive verbs. For example, consider двигать 'move sth' past tense двигал(а,о,и) and its reflexive counterpart двигаться 'move (oneself)' past tense двигался двигалась двигалось двигались.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4936" LastActivityDate="2015-01-23T05:11:21.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8048" CreationDate="2015-01-23T05:27:00.753" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Formally, the reflexive verbs have no distinction from the non-reflexive ones in their forms when they decline in person, gender, tense, etc. You have everything correct, do not worry. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-01-23T05:27:00.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8049" CreationDate="2015-01-23T11:12:10.877" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using Nomenative is grammatical but has different meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что новое? = Which [things] are new?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что нового? = Are there any of the news? (literally, &amp;quot;What's there of the new?&amp;quot; as Nikolay pointed out).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-01-25T23:47:37.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8052" CreationDate="2015-01-23T14:29:42.210" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Думаю что целенаправленного изменения штриха не было. Если посмотреть на заглавные буквы печатных книг, видно что штрих в букве И сначала был ровным, потом слегка наклоненным (как бы для удобства письма), затем этот наклон стал более выраженным. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5AUEd.png&quot; alt=&quot;Начертания И&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Lviwi.png&quot; alt=&quot;скорописная и&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается буквы Н, которая писалась как N, то ее вариации тоже в своих крайних формах меняли наклон среднего штриха практически до такого, что отдельно взятая буква становится похожа на И.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WgMSo.png&quot; alt=&quot;Скорописные н&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Думаю тут сыграло большую роль то что книги, в которых эти буквы претерпевали изменения были рукописными (и переписывались по многу раз), поэтому отдельные отклонения в начертании букв могли усиливаться переписчиками (точно так же как это происходит с устной речью).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Уже в полууставе буквы И и N имеют зеркальную форму, но сами штрихи, хоть и наклонные достаточно близки к горизонтали.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как мне кажется, решающим моментом в истории наклонных штрихов букв И и Н был гражданский шрифт Петра I. В &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.paratype.ru/e-zine/issue04/peter1/peter1b.htm#5&quot;&gt;первом варианте&lt;/a&gt; (январь 1707) буква И присутствовала только в виде десятеричного I, а буква Н была уже утверждена с горизонтальным штрихом вместо наклонного. Этим шрифтом было напечатано несколько книг:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gfBvD.gif&quot; alt=&quot;шрифт 1707&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но на этом Петр I не остановился - в 1710 году он утверждает &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.paratype.ru/e-zine/issue04/peter1/peter1c.htm&quot;&gt;новую версию&lt;/a&gt; гражданского шрифта в котором были изменены начертания нескольких букв и добавлены ранее пропущенные, в том числе и буква И:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/UqyEC.png&quot; alt=&quot;дополнительные буквы&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот тут, как мне кажется и произошел решающий поворот в этой истории. С появлением гражданского (не церковного) книгопечатанья и появления утвержденного шрифта начертания букв И и Н закрепляются. А форму с прямым штрихом буква Н получила в тот момент когда буква И &quot;выпала&quot; из проекта гражданского шрифта в 1708 году. Когда же добавили букву И, начертание Н уже было утверждено и из всех возможных вариантов оставался только с наклонным штрихом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-01-23T15:01:54.303" LastActivityDate="2015-01-23T15:01:54.303" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8048" CreationDate="2015-01-23T14:37:06.737" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From a point of view of &lt;strong&gt;grammar&lt;/strong&gt; it is totally fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's just that this particular example sounds weird to a native speaker. It is generally better to use active voice here: &quot;Женщина читала книгу&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are examples where you can use &lt;code&gt;читаться&lt;/code&gt; so it would sound fine:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When you're speaking about reading data in electronic devices. Данные на флешке не читаются (не читались) на этом устройстве(этим устройством). &quot;Data on this USB-flash drive are not read/cannot be read (could not be read) on this device&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When you say something like &quot;not feeling like&quot;. Like when you pick a book in the evening after a hard day and say: &quot;что-то мне не читается&quot;. I don't feel like reading.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe there are more, can't remember right now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1475" LastActivityDate="2015-01-23T14:37:06.737" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8058" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8059" CreationDate="2015-01-23T14:53:59.370" Score="2" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw a picture on Facebook of a couple of people that were dressed in special suits. One person was dressed in normal clothes. A non-native speaker of Russian commented: &lt;code&gt;[Наташа], ты не в теме!&lt;/code&gt; He obviously meant to say something like &quot;Why aren't you dressed as those other people?/You are not dressed the same!/You are not dressed to the occasion!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wondered if that is a correct translation. I thought that &lt;code&gt;быть в теме&lt;/code&gt; == &lt;code&gt;быть в курсе (событий)&lt;/code&gt;, that is, &quot;in the know&quot;. If that is so, his comment would obviously not be very fitting in that situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I correct in my translation of &lt;code&gt;быть в теме&lt;/code&gt;? If so, what would be a correct way of expressing what that person wanted to say?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4956" LastActivityDate="2015-01-26T02:20:23.713" Title="&quot;(Не) в теме&quot; for people who fall outside a group" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8059" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8058" CreationDate="2015-01-23T15:23:21.240" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;[не] в теме&quot; means &quot;быть в курсе событий&quot;, &quot;have understanding&quot;. It is being said about a person.&#xA;&quot;[не] в тему&quot; means &quot;подходить к обстоятельствам&quot;, match the occasion. It is being said about person's possessions or behavior.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes this is a bit fuzzy, as informal slang often is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;- А разве Краснодар не рядом с Иркутском? - Ты вообще не в теме!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;- Зачем ты подарил Васе стаканы? Он не пьёт, ему совсем не в тему.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-01-23T15:23:21.240" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8060" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8049" CreationDate="2015-01-24T13:35:45.537" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;it's plain &amp;amp; simple!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;What's up?&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;What's the news?&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;Что нового?&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;You could also use &lt;code&gt;Что У ТЕБЯ нового?&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;Do YOU have something new?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &lt;code&gt;Что интересного?&lt;/code&gt; could be applied only to the second &quot;rule&quot; in this case: &lt;code&gt;Что У ТЕБЯ интересного?&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;Do YOU have something interesting?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4964" LastActivityDate="2015-01-24T13:35:45.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8007" CreationDate="2015-01-24T20:38:49.203" Score="0" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Some theory&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Impersonal sentences have a so-called &lt;strong&gt;logical subject&lt;/strong&gt;. You can interpret this as that the &lt;em&gt;actor&lt;/em&gt; undergoes some kind of action or is forced one way or another to perform the action. The suggestion is that the active free will of the actor  is absent: rather, the person undergoing the action has no choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some situations&lt;sup&gt;[1]&lt;/sup&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The actor is &lt;strong&gt;forced to perform an action&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всё-таки Сергею придётся рассказать всю правду. (Sergey needs to tell the whole truth)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The actor &lt;strong&gt;doesn't know or cannot decide&lt;/strong&gt; whether the performance of the action is &lt;strong&gt;necessary or possible&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кому из нас ехать? (Who of us should drive?)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мне ли тебе рассказывать, как раньше жилось?! (Do I need to tell you, how we lived before?!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The actor &lt;strong&gt;doesn't feel like&lt;/strong&gt; performing the action:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сходи в магазин, если тебе не лень. (Go to the store, if you it's not to hard for you. [litt. &quot;if you are not too lazy&quot;])&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The actor is &lt;strong&gt;not capable&lt;/strong&gt; of performing the action, because something or somebody is absent:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нам некогда здесь торчать. (We don't have time to hang around here)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The actor is in &lt;strong&gt;some kind of emotional or physical state&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне холодно! (I am cold!)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мне весело на вечеринке. (I'm having fun at the party.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The actor is &lt;strong&gt;(not) in the mood&lt;/strong&gt; for something:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Татьяне не спалось, не читалось. (Tatyana couldn't sleep nor read.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The actor is &lt;strong&gt;undergoing some psychological activity&lt;/strong&gt; that is not controlled by her:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всем казалось, что ты разумнее. (Everybody thought that you were more reasonable.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The actor is in a &lt;strong&gt;physical state that is hardly controllable&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ему икается. (He has the hiccups.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Practical matters&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So now you know a little about impersonal sentences. Think of them as some action that is happening &lt;em&gt;to&lt;/em&gt; a person, rather than the person actively performing the action himself. This is just a peculiarity of the language that you need to grasp, but from personal experience I know it'll become second nature eventually (&lt;code&gt;просто тебе нужно время&lt;/code&gt; ;-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You ask why you can't say &lt;code&gt;я нужно&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;мне нужно&lt;/code&gt;. Well, that's because &lt;code&gt;нужен (нужна, -о, -ы)&lt;/code&gt; changes according to the &lt;em&gt;grammatical subject&lt;/em&gt; of the sentence. And since we've just seen that the &lt;em&gt;logical subject&lt;/em&gt; of the sentence takes the dative, we must conclude that (unless you are a &lt;code&gt;дерево&lt;/code&gt; and want to say something like &lt;code&gt;я нужно человечеству&lt;/code&gt; because you produce oxygen) this is not a correct sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare the following sentences and see how the &lt;em&gt;logical subject&lt;/em&gt; is different from the &lt;em&gt;grammatical subject&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужен ты! (I need you!)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ему нужна девушка (He needs a girlfriend)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Нам нужно работать (We need to work)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Им нужны деньги (They need money)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;[1] Examples are taken from Honselaar &amp;amp; Podgaevskaja (2007), &quot;Учебная грамматика русского языка&quot;, Pegasus, Amsterdam.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4956" LastEditorUserId="4956" LastEditDate="2015-01-24T20:49:58.090" LastActivityDate="2015-01-24T20:49:58.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8062" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8068" CreationDate="2015-01-25T06:52:59.013" Score="5" ViewCount="1040" Body="&lt;p&gt;In class we recently covered the nominative possessive pronoun, мой,твой,его, etc. modified by number and gender.  When I looked ahead I was surprised to find that these pronouns are further declined by case.  Of particular conflict is the genitive case (which I admit we haven't covered yet) whose purpose seems to be indicating possession - Моего, Твоего, etc.  What are the use cases for all of these?  To say, &quot;I met my cat today&quot;, do I use nominative possessives since I am the subject, or genitive possessives because I'm...possessing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4966" LastActivityDate="2015-01-25T23:10:48.917" Title="Nominative possessive vs genitive possessive" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8062" CreationDate="2015-01-25T09:10:05.930" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several ways Genitive is used in Russian, here are just some of them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Possession. The name of the possessor must be in Genitive, so if the possessor is &quot;my friend&quot;, both &quot;my&quot; and &quot;friend&quot; take Genitive,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;мой друг&lt;/em&gt; (Nom.) - my friend&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;дом (Nom.) &lt;em&gt;моего друга&lt;/em&gt; (Gen.) - the house of my friend&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Direct objects in negative sentences. Very often they are in Genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я видел &lt;em&gt;твой дом&lt;/em&gt;. (Acc.) - I've seen your house.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я ещё не видел &lt;em&gt;твоего дома&lt;/em&gt;. (Gen.) - I haven't seen your house yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;After some prepositions. Many prepositions like &lt;em&gt;от, из, для, без&lt;/em&gt;, etc. need a noun in Genitive after them, if there is a possessive pronoun referring to the noun, it is also in Genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;от моего дома - from my home&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;для моего друга - for my friend&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-01-25T09:10:05.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8064" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8062" CreationDate="2015-01-25T09:12:15.010" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two groups here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;мой, твой, наш, ваш&lt;/strong&gt; behave like adjectives, i.e. they modify the noun and take its gender (number) and case&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;его, её, их&lt;/strong&gt; are derived from corresponding Genitive pronouns and do not change in any way. Also, they don't get an initial «н» regardless of the environment.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;У кого-то есть что-то&quot; is one of the easiest example for the use of Genitive, so might as well try that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У моего брата есть машина.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У твоей сестры есть машина.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У нашего папы есть собака.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, &lt;em&gt;мой, твой, наш&lt;/em&gt; take Genitive because &lt;em&gt;брат, сестра&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;папа&lt;/em&gt; have to be in Genitive in the first place, and possessives just follow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your example would be &quot;Я сегодня увидел свою кошку&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Third person possessives remain the same: &lt;em&gt;У её/его/их брата есть машина&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Я увидел ёё кошку&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2015-01-25T09:12:15.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8062" CreationDate="2015-01-25T10:06:26.570" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, yeah, Russian is a language with cases and also declines pronouns. A sentence like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу твоего кота - I see your cat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;may have you thinking the genitive is used here, when in fact it is just the accusative form, that just &lt;em&gt;happens to have&lt;/em&gt; the same form as the genitive (this particular form of the accusative is used with animate objects, like people and animals). So it would be wrong to say that the genitive case is used in this sentence, and you should not confuse the two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу твой дом - I see your house.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я вижу твоего отца - I see your father.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both cases, the &lt;strong&gt;accusative&lt;/strong&gt; is used for the direct object (&lt;code&gt;дом&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;отца&lt;/code&gt;), but animate objects just take a different form of the accusative, that happens to &lt;em&gt;look&lt;/em&gt; the same as the genitive case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4956" LastEditorUserId="4956" LastEditDate="2015-01-25T10:44:36.143" LastActivityDate="2015-01-25T10:44:36.143" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8062" CreationDate="2015-01-25T15:12:18.313" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you're overthinking this a little. &lt;code&gt;моего&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;твоего&lt;/code&gt; simply mean &quot;of my&quot; and &quot;of your&quot; (as in &quot;the X of my/your Y&quot;, not &quot;an X of mine/yours&quot;). There are two separate possessional relations involved and the genitive form reflects both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-01-25T15:12:18.313" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7978" CreationDate="2015-01-25T16:48:48.780" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Does not have anything to do with окраина.&#xA;Does not have anything to do with &quot;politics&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;If &quot;окраина&quot;=&quot;Украина&quot;, then it is the same as Ямайка, Гаити, Байкал, Дальний Восток, Сахалин, Кавказ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see many geographical places have absolutely no relation with &quot;окраина&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Relative use of preposition for countries is a part of every country.&#xA;This could be only learned by memory.&#xA;But there is some useful tricks.&#xA;Islands and peninsulas are typically &quot;на&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На Ямайке, на Гуадалканал, на побережье и т.д.&#xA;При этом &quot;в Англии&quot;, &quot;в Казахстане&quot;.&#xA;Но при этом &quot;на Каракумы&quot;, &quot;на Ладожском озере&quot; и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you suppose that all islands and closed/non-central regions are used with &quot;на&quot; - you are &lt;strong&gt;wrong&lt;/strong&gt;. Examples: в Японии, в Исландии, в Гренландии, в Голландии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, relative choice between в/на does not relates nor to size, nor continuity, nor closedness of object, nor relative placement.&#xA;Equivalence of &quot;окраина&quot; and &quot;Украина&quot; is used by idiots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4967" LastEditorUserId="4967" LastEditDate="2015-01-25T17:52:49.040" LastActivityDate="2015-01-25T17:52:49.040" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8062" CreationDate="2015-01-25T18:43:25.307" Score="6" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You may be confusing two phenomena here, and the fact that both are described using the term &quot;possession&quot; does not help at all. Let's see.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мой&lt;/em&gt; дом = &lt;em&gt;My&lt;/em&gt; house = The house which belongs to &lt;em&gt;me&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The possession here is  expressed by the possessive pronoun &lt;em&gt;мой&lt;/em&gt; — 1st person, masculine, singular (and, incidentally, Nominative). So far so good.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мой&lt;/em&gt; отец = &lt;em&gt;My&lt;/em&gt; father. &lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Of course my father doesn't &lt;em&gt;belong&lt;/em&gt; to me but the grammatical meaning is still the same. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Okay. Now let's look at the Genitive where it, according to textbooks, shows possession:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дом &lt;em&gt;отца&lt;/em&gt; = The house &lt;em&gt;of father&lt;/em&gt; = father's house.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Отец&lt;/em&gt; takes Genitive &lt;em&gt;отца&lt;/em&gt; to express the fact that the house belongs to the father. That's what they mean when they talk about that &quot;possession&quot; function of Genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what happens if it's the house of &lt;em&gt;my&lt;/em&gt; father? Well, &lt;em&gt;father&lt;/em&gt; should obviously take Genitive as we just saw. But the possessive pronoun &lt;em&gt;мой&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;must&lt;/strong&gt; agree in case with its object. So &lt;em&gt;мой отец&lt;/em&gt; becomes &lt;em&gt;моего отца&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дом &lt;em&gt;моего отца&lt;/em&gt; = the house of &lt;em&gt;my father&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The possessive pronoun &lt;em&gt;мой/моего&lt;/em&gt; means that we are talking about &lt;em&gt;my&lt;/em&gt; father, i.e. the father who &quot;belongs&quot; to &lt;strong&gt;me&lt;/strong&gt;. The Genitive case of &lt;em&gt;my father&lt;/em&gt; has nothing to do with the fact that we are talking about &lt;em&gt;my&lt;/em&gt; father but expresses the fact that the house in question belongs to that very old man (who by a totally unrelated twist of circumstances belongs to me).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this relieves the confusion of &lt;em&gt;possessive&lt;/em&gt; pronouns in Genitive (&quot;possessive&quot;) case. :)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Expressing possession is just one, and I daresay by far not the main, function of Genitive. Briefly, and very generally, cases are part of the government system used by Russian (and almost completely lost by e.g. English) where different verbs and prepositions require their dependent nouns to take specific forms (see also what @Yellow Sky says on prepositions below). You'll certainly learn a lot more about this phenomenon in your class. But for now I'd just discourage you from believing that those simplified explanations of the cases' functions are 100% accurate or indeed exhaustive.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;To make life a lot easier, you'll only need to learn how to decline &lt;em&gt;мой, твой, свой, наш&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ваш&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Его, её&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;их&lt;/em&gt; look the same in all cases, genders and numbers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Possessive pronouns may be said to describe quality (well, sort of), so the ones which do decline do so very much like adjectives. Just wait till you know how to decline adjectives and you will see how similarly the possessive pronouns decline.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In your &lt;em&gt;I met my cat&lt;/em&gt; example the reflexive possessive pronoun &lt;em&gt;свой&lt;/em&gt; must replace the normal possessive pronoun because it refers to the subject pronoun &lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, you may find this old post by @CocoPop helpful: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/7011/cases-taken-by-verbs/7012#7012&quot;&gt;Cases taken by verbs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-01-25T23:10:48.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8069" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8070" CreationDate="2015-01-25T20:17:25.753" Score="3" ViewCount="536" Body="&lt;p&gt;This topic has always confused me. When I describe someone, do I use adjectives? For example:&#xA;Дети забавные. &#xA;Or, would I use &quot;смешно&quot;:&#xA;Дети смешно.&#xA;As you can see, I am confused about describing people, because I don't know if I should be using adjectives, or predicative. Also, if I were describing someones personality, wouldnt the person need to be in the dative case? I just need a big explanation on describing someones look/personality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4925" LastActivityDate="2015-01-25T23:04:35.310" Title="Emotions/Appearance" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8069" CreationDate="2015-01-25T20:44:30.793" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure if juxtaposing adjectives and predicatives is the correct move here. One is a part of speech and the other is a part of a sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I am not mistaken, in impersonal sentences the function of predicative may be exercised by adverbs, passive participles and nouns. In personal sentences, which your sentence appears to be, long or short form adjectives may too serve as predicatives. They just have to agree with the subject in number and gender. Hence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дети смешн&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Дети смешн&lt;strong&gt;ые&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (not &lt;em&gt;Дети смешн&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Их упрямство смешн&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (short neuter adjective).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;With regard to the example from your comment: &lt;em&gt;ему приятно и уверенно&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This appears to be an impossible mixture of a personal and impersonal sentences. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ему приятно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is impersonal but &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он уверен&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; must be personal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As theory goes, non-verbal predicates in &lt;strong&gt;impersonal&lt;/strong&gt; sentences describe &lt;strong&gt;a condition&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;state&lt;/strong&gt;. In your example, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;pleasure&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (being or feeling &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;pleased&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) is the state the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;He&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is in. In the &lt;strong&gt;personal&lt;/strong&gt; fragment of your sentence, however, the non-verbal predicate must describe a &lt;strong&gt;quality&lt;/strong&gt; of the subject. Although one may indeed be put in the state of being assured, I am struggling to think of a Russian word to convey that meaning. Confidence, on the other hand, is a quality of the subject, not the state the subject is put in. Hence &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он уверен(ный)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. So we deal with an adverb and an adjective here. Each of them must agree with its own subject and they cannot agree with each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, however, you chose to describe tranquility instead of confidence, that can be expressed as both a state and a quality:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ему приятно и спокойно&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;Ему приятно, и он спокоен&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it make sense? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2015-01-25T23:04:35.310" LastActivityDate="2015-01-25T23:04:35.310" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8069" CreationDate="2015-01-25T22:19:04.943" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I thinks you are confusing describing someone's properties and describing their &lt;em&gt;state&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;feelings&lt;/em&gt; (plus some special expressions).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you describe someone or something as being big, old, short, funny, blue, shabby, you do it the same as in English, using a subject in Nominative and an adjective (which is usually NOT short):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Его дети умные.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Эта машина жёлтая.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дом очень старый.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Твои ученики очень смешные = Your pupils are very funny.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you need a state instead, there is often a typical Dative + predicate construction (with a verb or an predicate adjective). Here, can find adjectives that aren't used in the same meaning when in the full form (or at all):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Детям смешно = Kids are laughing/ It makes kids laugh (hard to translate exactly , but basically, children &quot;feel that the situation makes them laugh )&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Машине нужен ремонт = The car needs some repairs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне холодно = I am cold (or 'feel cold', to be more exact, unless I am a corpse in the morgue)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дому пришлось несладко. = The house has had it rough.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нам кажется, белые стены лучше смотрятся. = We think (lit. &quot;it seems to us&quot;) that the white wall look better.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are more adjectives and verbs that takes Dative to express something very vaguely classified as &quot;state&quot;/&quot;feeling&quot;/&quot;experience&quot;. Also, Dative is used when telling age:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ей 30 лет. = She is 30 years old.&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bit more about predicative adjectives in Russian. Actually, sometimes you CAN use a short form adjective but it only works for adjective describing qualities (not classifying something as &quot;wooden&quot; or &quot;American&quot;) and must be learnt on a per-word basis:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Его дети умны → Sounds bookish&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дом очень стар → a bit old-fashioned&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Моя мама красива. → a bit pompous&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сопротивление на этом участке бесконечно (Resistance is infinite in this span of a circuit) → just right!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мой брат очень силён → Okayish, long form still better&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will also find some adjectives that are only used here, or at least have a distinct meaning here (&lt;em&gt;рад, уверен, похож, мал, велик, должен&lt;/em&gt; etc.). It may mean a contextually-appropriate quality, like a piece of cloth being too tight/too big (for a person who is currentyl trying it on). Then it is easy for you because you can memorize a particular adjective having this distinct meaning in short form, and not only changing a shade of meaning or style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long story short, with a random adjective it is best you reword your sentence so that the adjective is no longer a predicate. That will actually better than both options in the majority of the general-use cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это старый дом.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это жёлтая машина.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У него умные дети.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У него смешные ученики.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это прочный, добротный стол.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В нашем доме стоят новые лифты.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, the example by &lt;strong&gt;Avi Gordon&lt;/strong&gt; shows how important it is to know the stylistic choices on a word-by-word basis when you are dealing with popular adjectives:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Их упрямство смешно.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You cannot use a long adjective here, as it would mean that their stubbornness is &quot;a ridiculous one&quot; (compared to other stubbornnesses, probably?) Full-form adjective typically has this connotation. Namely, you place an object in the class of other objects that have the same quality (objective or as compared to some &quot;standard&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is really easier for you with adjectives that are only used in one form for a particular meaning. For instance, when you are meaning a straight line or a right angle, they are always &quot;прямая&quot; and &quot;прямой угол&quot; (these are mathematical concepts; there are no &quot;more right angles&quot; or &quot;less straight lines&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2015-01-25T22:41:06.700" LastActivityDate="2015-01-25T22:41:06.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8058" CreationDate="2015-01-26T02:20:23.713" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're right that the most widespread usage of «быть в теме» is to mean “to be up on”. But words tend to stretch meanings through time, they tend to drift away further and further to tangential meanings. So people started to use «быть в теме» at some point as a euphemism or slang for “to belong to group X” or “to a have an interest in X”, especially in subcultures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me it makes sense, because to be up on something quite often means to know something exclusive that other people don't know, which in turns quite often entails to be part of some exclusive group, or at least be related to that group somehow. That would explain how gradually the meaning generalized to mean from knowing latest news to belonging to a group in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In LGBT slang «быть в теме» is widely used to mean “to be a lesbian”, “to be part of lesbian subculture”. As people tend to flex words grammatically for slang purposes, the noun «тема» at some point started to mean the lesbian subculture itself. On Russian social network &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VK_%28social_networking_website%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;VKontakte&lt;/a&gt; there are plenty of groups and pages catered for lesbians with various variations of the word «тема», sometimes capitalized. Quick googling shows that people use the phrase «быть в теме» to denote members of BDSM, tickling, and even hipster community. I'd say it would be used even wider by various subcultures, if it weren't associated with lesbians so much. (It seems intuitively correct that in a society with heavily entrenched homophobia people would tend to not use slang or even behavior that is associated with LGBT, for some psychological reasons I don't really understand, but I never read such studies).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would be grateful to any linguist that can explain and elaborate this phenomenon of drifting and widening of meanings of words, which produces slang and euphemisms, so that this answer could be improved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="190" LastActivityDate="2015-01-26T02:20:23.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8073" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8089" CreationDate="2015-01-26T05:59:29.423" Score="10" ViewCount="730" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's suppose that you're pulled over by a traffic police (or caught doing something unpleasant by patrol cop). What is the best way to address the officer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've heard people using &quot;командир&quot; or &quot;начальник&quot; a lot, but it looks a bit subservient to me (which I'd prefer to avoid).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, would you suggest to use &quot;ты&quot; or &quot;вы&quot;? Most of &quot;traffic cop trolling&quot; videos show that cops don't like when people sound &lt;em&gt;too&lt;/em&gt; official.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="87" LastActivityDate="2015-02-02T12:30:22.223" Title="What is the universal best way to address a Russian policeman?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8075" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8073" CreationDate="2015-01-26T12:22:42.387" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd agree with RNM here on the first item. This would be my list:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Гражданин/товарищ полицейский.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Товарищ military rank, e.g. товарищ сержант. (Of course, this implies you know military ranks, we learned them at school).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4637" LastActivityDate="2015-01-26T12:22:42.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8076" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-26T15:23:06.903" Score="1" ViewCount="5261" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a Russian coworker whose last day at work is today. I would like to essentially say the equivalent of &quot;It has been a pleasure working with you.&quot;&#xA;However, I've heard that is sometimes rude unless you have worked with them directly for an extended period of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4974" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-01-26T15:45:18.707" LastActivityDate="2015-01-28T00:06:20.177" Title="How to say &quot;It has been a pleasure working with you&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;formality&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8073" CreationDate="2015-01-26T17:39:37.867" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;em&gt;traffic&lt;/em&gt; policeman, you could also address him &lt;em&gt;товарищ &lt;strong&gt;инспектор&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. That’s how his position is officially named in most Russian-speaking countries: &lt;em&gt;инспектор ГАИ&lt;/em&gt; (Ukraine, Belarus) or &lt;em&gt;инспектор ДПС&lt;/em&gt; (Russia) or &lt;em&gt;инспектор ДПП&lt;/em&gt; (Kazakhstan).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2269" LastEditorUserId="4801" LastEditDate="2015-01-27T08:53:03.650" LastActivityDate="2015-01-27T08:53:03.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8076" CreationDate="2015-01-26T19:57:03.757" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literal and perfectly acceptable translation: &quot;Было приятно с вами работать&quot; (bYlo pr'iyAtna s vAm'i rabOtat'). The last &quot;t&quot; is soft, as in the word tea. The &quot;m&quot; is soft as in the word me. The soft &quot;r&quot; in &quot;pr'iyAtna&quot; has no analogue in English. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also say &quot;сотрудничать&quot; (satrUdnichat') instead of &quot;работать&quot;, which to some degree would imply collaboration and partnership more than being employees of the same company and working alongside each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is nothing rude about it. I can't think of a situation when it would be appropriate in English and rude in Russian. It does sound a little like a loan phrase, so to speak. Which it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Да свидания, этот судаволствем&quot; (from your comment) means something like &quot;Good-bi, this one withpleasur&quot;, if it means anything :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3887" LastEditorUserId="3887" LastEditDate="2015-01-28T00:06:20.177" LastActivityDate="2015-01-28T00:06:20.177" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8079" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8081" CreationDate="2015-01-26T21:54:57.913" Score="4" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need a comma here before &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;говоря&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ?:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;То же самое он делал &lt;strong&gt;и говоря&lt;/strong&gt; со студентами пятого курса.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2015-01-29T16:43:30.883" Title="Proper punctuation with a verbal adverb phrase (деепричастный оборот) following the particle &quot;и&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8080" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-27T01:28:52.983" Score="3" ViewCount="6720" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to roll/trill the letter R in a russian accent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4976" LastActivityDate="2015-01-27T03:13:20.980" Title="How to roll R's in russian language" Tags="&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8079" CreationDate="2015-01-27T01:33:09.857" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verbal adverb phrase here immediately follows the predicate and functions as an adverbial modifier of manner (or maybe, of time). Comma is not required in such cases, whether or not &lt;s&gt;conjunction&lt;/s&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; is used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То же самое он делал говоря со студентами пятого курса.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some similar examples are provided &lt;a href=&quot;http://orthographia.ru/punctum_uk.php?rid=196&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have to thank @J-mster for doubting the above. My analysis may have been misattributed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the verbal adverb phrase in question appears to be a part of the predicate and to fall under the rule I quoted, it most likely conforms to another, much more straightforward, rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A verbal adverb phrase preceded by the enhancing particle &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; is not separated by the comma:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Можете уйти&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;и не дожидаясь ответа&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Он оставался скромным&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;и победив сильного противника&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://orfogrammka.ru/%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The structure of your sentence is exactly the same. The verbal adverb phrase is preceded by the particle (not conjunction!) &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am still not entirely sure what should happen if the sentence lacks the particle &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. Much as the verbal adverb phrase appears to be closely connected with the predicate, I suspect that my intuition may be misleading me here and that such sentence would indeed need the comma to separate the perfectly normal verbal adverb phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this time the analysis is correct and apologise for misinforming you earlier!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-01-29T16:43:30.883" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8082" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8080" CreationDate="2015-01-27T01:43:52.940" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wikihow.com/Roll-Your-%22R%22s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;manual&lt;/a&gt; looks pretty elaborate. Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I can't do it, by the way...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2015-01-27T01:43:52.940" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8080" CreationDate="2015-01-27T02:09:38.413" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian r's are formed by flapping the tip of your tongue against the alveolar ridge (behind  your upper teeth)--you only need to flap once or twice. A good way to learn how to do this is to say the word рука only give a really strong puff of air as you say the р. In your question you mention a Russian accent. That normally implies the way some other language is pronounced as a Russian might pronounce it, for example, as a Russian might pronounce English words (with a Russian accent). The trilling of the r in this case would be the same if you want to pronounce English words with a Russian accent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4936" LastEditorUserId="4936" LastEditDate="2015-01-27T03:13:20.980" LastActivityDate="2015-01-27T03:13:20.980" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8084" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8085" CreationDate="2015-01-27T07:38:28.500" Score="1" ViewCount="136" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need the spellings of two words &quot;NEHA&quot; and &quot;RAJNI&quot; as per Russian alphabets. I am residing in India, and these two words are Indian Names so I am also giving the sound details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;NEHA: &quot;N&quot; sounds Like &quot;N&quot; in &quot;NAME&quot;, &quot;E&quot; sounds Like &quot;E&quot; in &quot;NET&quot; and &quot;HA&quot; sounds Like   &quot;HA&quot; in &quot;HARD&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;RAJNI: &quot;R&quot; sounds Like &quot;R&quot; in &quot;RUB&quot;, &quot;A&quot; sounds Like &quot;O&quot; in &quot;LOVE&quot;, &quot;J&quot; sounds Like &quot;J&quot; in &quot;Jacket&quot;, &quot;NI&quot; sounds Like &quot;NEE&quot; in &quot;NEED&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please Help ASAP&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4977" LastActivityDate="2015-01-27T09:09:12.023" Title="Need to Get Russian spellings with english sound" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8084" CreationDate="2015-01-27T09:09:12.023" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neha = Неха&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Rajni = Раджни&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2015-01-27T09:09:12.023" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8086" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8087" CreationDate="2015-01-27T09:59:04.703" Score="1" ViewCount="428" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English you can say &quot;good day&quot; as either a greeting or a goodbye. Can &lt;code&gt;добрый день&lt;/code&gt; and its morning/evening variants be used in the same way, or only as a greeting?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-01-27T13:38:55.367" LastActivityDate="2015-01-29T19:43:12.603" Title="Can you say &quot;добрый день&quot; as a goodbye?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8086" CreationDate="2015-01-27T10:34:55.410" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Добрый день&lt;/code&gt; cannot be used as a goodbye, only as a greeting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, you can use &lt;code&gt;доброго/хорошего/приятного дня/вечера&lt;/code&gt; which is basically &quot;(I wish you a) good day&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1475" LastEditorUserId="1475" LastEditDate="2015-01-27T13:21:50.953" LastActivityDate="2015-01-27T13:21:50.953" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8086" CreationDate="2015-01-27T12:32:14.653" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you need a general goodbye phrase, say &lt;em&gt;«Всего хорошего!»&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;It probably would work in any situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;«Приятного вечера»&lt;/em&gt; is sometimes used, but it actually means having a nice time; so I would not say it to a person in the middle of boring work.&#xA;&lt;em&gt;«Хорошего дня!»&lt;/em&gt; is not very usual, but correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-01-27T12:32:14.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8073" CreationDate="2015-01-27T14:55:23.397" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all I'd recommend addressing all officials in a polite way, so you use &quot;вы&quot;, but not &quot;ты&quot;.&#xA;Most of the times just that polite addressing is totally fine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're pulled by a cop than he is supposed to introduce himself. That include his rank and surname. &quot;Сержант Козлов&quot; for example, or &quot;Старший инспектор Иванов&quot;. Traffic cops are usually some kind of &quot;инспектор&quot;.&#xA;You could use his rank preceding it with &quot;товарищ&quot;. That'll be &quot;товарищ инспектор&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Using just &quot;инспектор&quot; looks kinda rude. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Surname without rank (&quot;товарищ Иванов&quot;) makes it look like you're addressing regular citizen not official. Would not recommend it since reaction is unpredictable. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Using full introduction as it was &quot;Старший инспектор&#xA;    Иванов&quot; on the other hand is too official. Sometimes you'd like&#xA;    that, at least could be useful in case of an argument.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;командир&quot; or &quot;начальник&quot; - naturally used by truck drivers, old school taxi drivers, ex-cons. Others might use it to make situation more friendly in case of asking officer of some favour (not writing a ticket and letting go with warning for example). In that case those addressing is usually done with open smile as if you're friends and prolonged vowels &quot;командииир&quot;, &quot;начаааальник&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: if used with &quot;товарищ&quot; or &quot;гражданин&quot; it is &quot;товарищ командир&quot;. No proof but &quot;гражданин командир&quot; sounds really strange. I presume that's because it's militaristic addressing, there are no citizens in army only comrades.&#xA;On the other hand &quot;товарищ начальник&quot; and &quot;гражданин начальник&quot; both ok. Later is more commonly used as more friendlier.&#xA;As a rule of thumb &quot;comrade&quot; is a step towards some friendly talk, and &quot;citizen&quot; is a huge leap towards official style communication. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4978" LastActivityDate="2015-01-27T14:55:23.397" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7234" CreationDate="2015-01-27T17:27:53.947" Score="-1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Так, нам надо убедиться, что мы защищены.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Так она и сказала!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не могу передать интонацию. Посмотрите &lt;a href=&quot;http://youtu.be/Qx_aco31gW4?t=1m20s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;вот это видео&lt;/a&gt; на 1:20.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4979" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2015-01-27T19:39:26.423" LastActivityDate="2015-01-27T19:39:26.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8092" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-28T00:09:59.583" Score="4" ViewCount="546" Body="&lt;p&gt;My Belarusian friend said a such phrase: &lt;em&gt;хуйбудешь&lt;/em&gt;, He said that it was a joke, but could you please explain what he meant?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4981" LastEditorUserId="109" LastEditDate="2015-01-28T10:01:22.567" LastActivityDate="2015-02-13T13:36:23.023" Title="Meaning of &quot;хуйбудешь&quot;" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8092" CreationDate="2015-01-28T00:25:53.750" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;On its own with no context, it sounds like a reaction to an earlier statement: &quot;The hell you'll be!&quot; (or possibly &quot;The hell you will!&quot;), but it could be something entirely different. For example, there's a phenomenon similar to &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shm-reduplication&quot;&gt;shm-reduplication&lt;/a&gt; whereby a word's entire sequence of sounds before its stressed vowel is changed to &lt;em&gt;хуй-&lt;/em&gt;, to express annoyed or even aggressive dismissal. It can also be used on its own with a word said by another speaker, e.g. &lt;code&gt;«Бинго!» — «Хуинго!»&lt;/code&gt; If that's the case here, though, it's rather hard to figure out what the original word was.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-01-28T00:25:53.750" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8094" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8172" CreationDate="2015-01-28T07:18:27.080" Score="4" ViewCount="318" Body="&lt;p&gt;Пейоративное &lt;em&gt;житёнка&lt;/em&gt; не могло быть образовано от слова &lt;em&gt;жизнь&lt;/em&gt;; от &lt;em&gt;житьё&lt;/em&gt; — тоже крайне сомнительно. Вдобавок есть еще &lt;em&gt;житуха&lt;/em&gt;, что наводит на мысль о существительном женского рода наподобие &lt;em&gt;жита&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;житка&lt;/em&gt; или, может быть, &lt;em&gt;жить&lt;/em&gt; (3-го склонения). Есть ли где-то следы такого слова?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-02-09T12:17:51.180" Title="«Житёнка» — уменьшительное от чего?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8092" CreationDate="2015-01-28T09:57:27.947" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This means that he suggests you to suck his penis. In full it would be &quot;хуй будешь [сосать]?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-01-28T09:57:27.947" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6862" CreationDate="2015-01-28T15:37:17.943" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to посмотреть and рассмотреть I'd like to mention an informal, idiomatic, but still commonly used провентилировать (lit. to ventilate as in freshen the air).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я бы тут хотел с тобой одну идейку провентилировать...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wouldn't go with a director though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4605" LastActivityDate="2015-01-28T15:37:17.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8097" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7903" CreationDate="2015-01-28T15:43:20.730" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't say &quot;привет, &lt;strong&gt;мой&lt;/strong&gt; друг&quot; to a male, but rather &quot;привет, дружище&quot;, and  similarly &quot;привет, подруга&quot; to a female. Also what Avi Gordon said. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4605" LastActivityDate="2015-01-28T15:43:20.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8098" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-28T17:28:38.483" Score="4" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian National Corpus gives numerous examples of both заслуживать внимание and заслуживать внимания (without negation). Is this an instance when either case can be used with this verb? I understand that one means more or less &quot;deserves&quot; or &quot;earn&quot; while the other means more or less &quot;is worthy of&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4936" LastActivityDate="2015-01-29T17:00:09.773" Title="Are заслуживать + acc and заслуживать + gen synonymous?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8098" CreationDate="2015-01-28T21:27:20.157" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say the two are definitely not synonymous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Почему он так внимательно слушает эту женщину?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;-- Мне кажется, он заслуживает её внимани&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;. (He is earning [seeking] her attention)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Почему эта женщина так внимательно его слушает?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;-- Мне кажется, он заслуживает её внимани&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;. (He deserves [is worthy of] her attention)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So there is &lt;em&gt;заслуживать&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;зарабатывать&lt;/em&gt; and there is &lt;em&gt;заслуживать&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;быть достойным&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-01-29T16:37:58.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8101" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8103" CreationDate="2015-01-28T21:32:44.977" Score="4" ViewCount="1504" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase &quot;Ты кто такой&quot; supposedly means &quot;Who are you?&quot;. I have a few questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Does the phrase &quot;Ты кто?&quot; have a meaning? If so, how does it differ from &quot;Ты кто такой&quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Are there other question forms with &quot;такой&quot; on the end? Is the &quot;такой&quot; necessary to be grammatically correct, and if not, what extra meaning does in convey?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How can we explain the meaning of this phrase, given that &quot;такой&quot; means &quot;such&quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastActivityDate="2015-02-04T09:49:47.683" Title="Why does &quot;Ты кто такой&quot; have the word &quot;такой&quot; in it?" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8101" CreationDate="2015-01-28T22:54:11.590" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The very basic meanin stays the same as «Ты кто?»/ «Кто ты?»; «такой» is not required grammatically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &quot;такой&quot; adds an emotional flavour of &quot;What on earth is ...?&quot;, &quot;What kind of ... is that?&quot; and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also used in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что это такое? = &lt;em&gt;What is this?&lt;/em&gt;, also when scolding a child who did something wrong&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что такое? = What's the matter? → here just &quot;что?&quot; would sound more vague and may be used in a wider range of situations.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кто они такие? = Who are these people?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since &quot;такой&quot; means &quot;this kind of&quot;, all of these questions add more emphasis on how you totally don't know the exact and even approximate identity of the thing in question. I do not know the origin of such phrasing, since it is has crystallized in these constructions and is not used freely in more complicated sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2015-01-28T22:54:11.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8101" CreationDate="2015-01-28T23:00:13.063" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The direct translation of &quot;Who are you?&quot; will be &quot;Kто вы?&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;em&gt;Ты кто?&lt;/em&gt;  and &lt;em&gt;ты кто такой?&lt;/em&gt; do not sound very politely. &#xA;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Tы кто такой?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, said with a certain intonation, would approximately &quot;who on earth are you?&quot; or &quot;what are you thinking you are?&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Tы кто?&quot;&lt;/em&gt; maybe ok on a student party, but not in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Ты кто?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;  is grammatically correct and means &quot;who are you?&quot; (singular). It is not very common to say &quot;ты&quot; to people you do not know, so its use is a bit restricted.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Not very many, but you can ask&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Интересно, кто он такой?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;   (I wonder, what is he?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Почему он такой?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;   (why is he like that?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://slovari.yandex.ru/%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;такой&quot;&lt;/a&gt; can also mean  &quot;like that&quot;, &quot;sort of&quot;, so you can interpret &lt;em&gt;&quot;Tы кто такой?&quot;&lt;/em&gt; approximately as &quot;what sort of human are you&quot;?  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastEditorUserId="4833" LastEditDate="2015-01-29T00:31:57.643" LastActivityDate="2015-01-29T00:31:57.643" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8104" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-29T05:36:04.690" Score="5" ViewCount="1026" Body="&lt;p&gt;The words for marriage are clearly gender-linked in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm guessing that for two women, you'd say &quot;Она женилась на ней / Она женат.&quot; Correspondingly, I'd think that for two men it would be &quot;Он вышел замуж за него / Он замужем&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what would correspond to &quot;Они поженились&quot; and &quot;Они женаты&quot; for two men? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this correct? Is it idiomatic? What is a better way to say this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4986" LastEditorUserId="4986" LastEditDate="2015-02-02T22:00:01.143" LastActivityDate="2015-02-05T13:13:42.590" Title="How do you describe homosexual marriages in Russian?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8104" CreationDate="2015-01-29T12:15:01.827" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, it's somewhat pointless to ask what are correct and idiomatic ways to speak of same-sex marriage in Russian. There are none.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, while you definitely cannot &lt;code&gt;жениться на&lt;/code&gt; someone who's male, I don't think the expressions &lt;code&gt;они поженились&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;они женаты&lt;/code&gt;, where both spouses are the subject, are necessarily precluded by their etymology from applying to two men — there's never been a problem with the word &lt;code&gt;девственник&lt;/code&gt; for a male virgin. Still, that's just theorising. One way or another, when you discuss the subject in Russian you'll have to improvise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-01-29T12:15:01.827" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8104" CreationDate="2015-01-29T13:06:33.217" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Она женилась на ней - sounds ok&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она вышла замуж за неё - hmm well, still ok&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он женился на нем - ok&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он вышел замуж за него - weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems a man cannot выйти замуж. And жениться is a general word &quot;to marry&quot; often applied to the both sexes (&quot;они поженились&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-01-29T13:06:33.217" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8107" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8104" CreationDate="2015-01-29T13:49:41.673" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually it's said&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;они заключили брак/брачный союз/связали себя узами брака&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the way used by News Sites, Agencies and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your last two variants sound strange and therefore are not used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4854" LastActivityDate="2015-01-29T13:49:41.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8086" CreationDate="2015-01-29T13:58:05.037" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can't use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Добрый день!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, yes, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Доброго дня!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is perfectly ok. Genitiv here indicates, that you are it is a perting wish. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4854" LastActivityDate="2015-01-29T13:58:05.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8098" CreationDate="2015-01-29T17:00:09.773" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Avi Gordon is correct saying that the verb заслуживать can be translated as to seek as well as to deserve, but in the phrase &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он заслуживает внимания.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;there is the Genitive partitive, i.e. he deserves (some, not all) attention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4884" LastActivityDate="2015-01-29T17:00:09.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8110" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8112" CreationDate="2015-01-29T18:23:48.740" Score="0" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am just beginning to learn Russian and I've started translating an online book after memorizing the sounds of the Russian alphabet. I'm a tactile learner who is really fond of mathematics, so memorizing symbols is no problem as I frequently use Greek letters and others in equations etc. What is really difficult, however, is learning the rules of how these &quot;symbols&quot; fit together to create a language. I do not know any second spoken languages and obviously my first and only fluent such language is English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, how do I translate the following phrase?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Кир, сир.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be found in the very beginning on &lt;a href=&quot;http://fan.lib.ru/a/alkin_j_l/yuri_alkin_the_awakening_chapters.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this web page&lt;/a&gt;. I believe I can translate the first line,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Что там, Бертран?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as &quot;You there, Bertrand?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Corrections and suggestions would be most helpful. And also, I apologize if this might be viewed as too broad a post, so hopefully I do not receive too many down votes. As I said, I am a beginner and while I have a good sense of what is acceptable on the Stack Exchange forum for mathematics, I have little idea what might be here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you for your time,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4513" LastActivityDate="2015-01-30T10:18:55.577" Title="Translation of &quot;Кир, сир&quot;" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8110" CreationDate="2015-01-29T18:36:23.373" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Что там, Бертран?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Кит, сир.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is translated as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- What's there, Bertrand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- A whale, sire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note that you might have mistyped &amp;quot;Кир&amp;quot;, instead of &amp;quot;Кит&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-01-29T18:46:01.967" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8110" CreationDate="2015-01-29T18:38:41.613" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not &quot;Кир, сир.&quot;, but &quot;Ки&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;, сир.&quot; &quot;Что&quot; is &quot;what&quot;, not &quot;where&quot; as you have it. The whole dialog is like that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Что там, Бертран? (What [is] there, Bertran?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Кит, сир. ([A] whale, sire.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian omits the present forms of the verb &quot;to be&quot; (am, is, are), and has no articles, you have to insert them yourself when you translate from Russian into English, based on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2015-01-30T10:18:55.577" LastActivityDate="2015-01-30T10:18:55.577" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8086" CreationDate="2015-01-29T19:43:12.603" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say &lt;code&gt;доброй ночи&lt;/code&gt; and this will be only as a goodbye (good night).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4989" LastActivityDate="2015-01-29T19:43:12.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8114" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-01-29T23:29:12.740" Score="2" ViewCount="191" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always struggle with declining numerals in ordinary speech. For example, how should one read aloud the (declining) dates in bold in the sentence below?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В 1958—1972 годах&lt;/strong&gt; Басов являлся заместителем директора ФИАН, а &lt;strong&gt;с 1973 по 1989 годы&lt;/strong&gt; был директором этого института.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm guessing this is wrong, but I'd say something like: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В тысяча девятьсот пятьдесят седьмом по тысяча девятьсот семьдесят втором годах&lt;/strong&gt; Басов являлся заместителем директора ФИАН, а &lt;strong&gt;с тысяча девятьсот семьдесят третьего по тысяча девятьсот восемьдесят девятый годы&lt;/strong&gt; был директором этого института.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that mixes singular and plural declensions (&quot;&lt;strong&gt;втором годах&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, etc.), so seems strange/incorrect. [Also, having to repeat &lt;strong&gt;тысяча девятьсот&lt;/strong&gt; each time seems cumbersome.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1632" LastActivityDate="2015-01-30T00:18:20.187" Title="Reading (Saying) Declining Dates" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8114" CreationDate="2015-01-30T00:06:16.110" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Much as this manner of writing date ranges feels awkward, according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/ac339r/ac339r00.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Розенталь&lt;/a&gt; it is correct. The way people tend to read such ranges is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В тысяча девятьсот пятьдесят седьмом — тысяча девятьсот семьдесят втором годах&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;or just&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;В тысяча девятьсот пятьдесят седьмом — семьдесят втором годах&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Singular and plural declensions are not perceived as mixed, as &lt;strong&gt;годах&lt;/strong&gt; refers to both flanking years of the range and indeed implies the entire range.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other date range in your sentence looks perfectly correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2015-01-30T00:06:16.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8116" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8114" CreationDate="2015-01-30T00:07:48.573" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I say it as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В тысяча девятьсот пятьдесят &lt;em&gt;восьмом&lt;/em&gt; — тысяча девятьсот семьдесят &lt;em&gt;втором&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;годах&lt;/strong&gt; Басов являлся заместителем директора ФИАН, а с тысяча девятьсот семьдесят &lt;em&gt;третьего&lt;/em&gt; по тысяча девятьсот восемьдесят &lt;em&gt;девятый&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;год&lt;/strong&gt; был директором этого института.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is nothing wrong with plural «годы» in the first case since it refers to two numbers instead of one. The expression «с ... по ...», on the other hand, require singular (though, officials may occasionally insert plural there, which is still considered substandard).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In spoken speech &quot;тысяча девятьсот&quot;, &quot;тысяча восемьсот&quot; are often omitted when it is clear what century you are talking about (i.e. almost always). However, the excerpt you provided is most definitely written in formal style and is hardly supposed to be read aloud. So it does not matter whether pronunciation is cumbersome or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, if  read aloud, probably some sound merging will happen at high speed. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;тысяча девятьсот&lt;/strong&gt; → тысьча девицот / тыща девицот&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пятьдесят восьмом&lt;/strong&gt; → писят восьмом → пьсят восьмом&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;семьдесят&lt;/strong&gt; → семьсят&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ordinal numbers aren't that hard, actually, because only THE LAST word changes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a cardinal number, though, you are supposed to put everything in the case required by the sentence. In reality native speakers are often having trouble doing that correctly (&lt;em&gt;перед восемьюстами пятьюдесятью восемью слушателями?&lt;/em&gt;). For you it means, firstly, that a native mumbling a uncomfrtably long number is a bad role model here. Secondly, the system is probably going to become more solid and logical in a century or so (not that I hope to live long enough to see that). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;right now natives sometimes do not decline the beginning (which is considered a mistake) or just talk their way around such a cumbersome number, using some construction that uses Nominative forms instead&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2015-01-30T00:18:20.187" LastActivityDate="2015-01-30T00:18:20.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8117" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8123" CreationDate="2015-01-30T13:57:10.563" Score="5" ViewCount="365" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm quite familiar with the use and meaning of the aspects in an affirmative past scenario. However I've noticed that they don't always correspond in a negative past scenario - where you'd expect a perfective form, you find &lt;strong&gt;не + imperfective&lt;/strong&gt;. My reasoning is that there must be something beyond the concept of completion that determines the choice of aspect in past negation, i.e. the speakers volition, a general vs categorical negation, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the following dialogue, ¿what would be the interpretation of B's answers, i.e. how do they differ from one another (if at all) semantically:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А: Где Андрей хочет провести отпуск?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Б: Я не спросил его.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Б: Я не спрашивал его.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Б: Я не стал его спрашивать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-17T11:19:41.437" LastActivityDate="2017-09-29T15:57:40.143" Title="Interpretation of past negation" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8117" CreationDate="2015-01-30T14:12:31.983" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Я не спросил его.&lt;/em&gt;&quot; I didn't ask (and won't have a chance to ask any more).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Я не спрашивал его.&lt;/em&gt;&quot; I didn't ask (but may still ask).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Я не стал его спрашивать.&lt;/em&gt;&quot; I chose not to ask.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2015-01-30T14:12:31.983" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8117" CreationDate="2015-01-30T14:49:27.540" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both affirmative and negative scenarios for the first two cases seem to use the same aspect:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Perfective aspect&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я спросил его.&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;I have asked him&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я не спросил его.&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;I have not asked him&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Imperfective aspect&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я спрашивал его.&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;I asked him&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я не спрашивал его.&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;I didn't ask him&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two cases above are described here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/verbs/sprashivat_sprosit.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://masterrussian.com/verbs/sprashivat_sprosit.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Using complex predicate &amp;quot;стал&amp;quot; + infinitive verb. There is a difference between affirmative and negative cases here.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я стал его спрашивать.&amp;quot;  - &amp;quot;I started asking him.&amp;quot; [beginning of a phase]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я не стал его спрашивать.&amp;quot;  - &amp;quot;I didn't try asking him.&amp;quot; [didn't happen at all]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-01-30T16:01:09.640" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8121" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8122" CreationDate="2015-01-30T15:59:37.130" Score="3" ViewCount="798" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как перевести на русский разговорное восклицание &amp;quot;beat that!&amp;quot;  Это сокращение от &amp;quot;Can you beat that?&amp;quot; Выражение может быть использовано в процессе игры или неформального соревнования. Вот пара ситуаций:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The teenager scored 15 points on a basketball court. Exclaimed &amp;quot;beat that!&amp;quot; and passed the ball to his friend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- I got 95% on math test. Beat that!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Перевод &amp;quot;попробуй перебей!&amp;quot; звучит искуственно притянуто.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T11:57:30.500" Title="Как перевести &quot;beat that&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;slang&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8122" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8121" CreationDate="2015-01-30T16:11:00.240" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Выражение &quot;побить рекорд&quot; используется до сих пор. Понятно, что смысл -- &quot;сделать лучше&quot;. Конкретный перевод зависит от вкусов переводчика. Один из вариантов: &quot;Можешь так?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2015-01-30T16:11:00.240" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8117" CreationDate="2015-01-30T17:40:19.347" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;One very important use of the imperfective aspect is expressing the &lt;strong&gt;fact&lt;/strong&gt; that took or did not take place, while the time of its occurence is irrelevant (even if technically it did happen at some specific point in time). Typically called &quot;общефактическое значение&quot; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When answering questions or introducing statements, this use of imperfective contrasts to the perfective answer, which may imply that the situation was supposed to take place. Then, you are describing how it went on. In your case the contrast is even more noticeable: &quot;спрашивать/спросить&quot; is, in principle, an action that can hardly end in failure. Thus, the difference in result is negligible (if you engaged in &quot;asking&quot;, you are pretty sure to have finished your question). The context, however, will force you choose one or the other aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;А: Где Андрей хочет провести отпуск?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Б: Я не &lt;strong&gt;спросил&lt;/strong&gt; его. → Didn't ask when I was supposed to/had a chance etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Б: Я не &lt;strong&gt;спрашивал&lt;/strong&gt; его. → Never asked (maybe didn't even think until you mentioned it)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Б: Я &lt;strong&gt;не стал&lt;/strong&gt; его спрашивать. → Didn't ask him (decided not to, even though I considered the possibility).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The concept of &quot;completion&quot; or &quot;result&quot; is not a particularly good explanation of perfective aspect since it only works well for native speakers (who do not need much explanation anyway). The difference is more along the lines of perfective being a &quot;limited&quot; action that is perceived as a point in time without much inner structure, a &quot;simple&quot; action that is characterized by some point in time, with some &quot;change of state&quot; linked to that point. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2015-01-30T18:18:29.777" LastActivityDate="2015-01-30T18:18:29.777" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2437" CreationDate="2015-01-30T19:11:33.370" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using genitive/partitive as a subject is a perfectly normal thing in a lot of languages: Czech language's &lt;em&gt;co&lt;/em&gt; &quot;what&quot; in nominative stems from an ancient genitive case as well (from &lt;em&gt;čьso&lt;/em&gt;). Even Proto-Indoeuropean's &lt;em&gt;kwid&lt;/em&gt; suspiciously looks like an ablative form (~ partitive-like).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, чё does stem from чего, but it can be thought of as a rightful variation of что in the modern language (with its own quirks).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2281" LastEditorUserId="2281" LastEditDate="2015-01-30T19:18:13.463" LastActivityDate="2015-01-30T19:18:13.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2437" CreationDate="2015-01-30T20:42:20.313" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это может быть как чего, так и что. В зависимости от контекста. Вариант &quot;Чего тебе надо?&quot; для меня, как носителя языка звучит как более вежливый вариант, а никак не разговорным. Оба грамматически корректные. Вообще сама по себе конструкция, что с чё или с полным вариантом звучит грубо и невежливо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4999" LastActivityDate="2015-01-30T20:42:20.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4185" CreationDate="2015-01-30T23:47:38.890" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think, &lt;code&gt;Интеллектуальная работа&lt;/code&gt; can also be used in such context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5000" LastActivityDate="2015-01-30T23:47:38.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8117" CreationDate="2015-01-31T03:55:31.843" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many grammar books state that, if no action occurs, use the imperfective, and if one uses the perfective it means Failure to do X, (when it was expected).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не звонил няшке моей. (I didn't phone her; nothing happened; i wasn't even thinking about her).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не позвонил няшке моей. (I didn't phone her; but I should have; she's at the gym; she wanted a ride home).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2015-01-31T03:55:31.843" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8121" CreationDate="2015-01-31T15:57:39.210" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы перевёл &quot;Слабо?&quot; или &quot;Выкуси!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastActivityDate="2015-01-31T15:57:39.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8130" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-01T01:08:34.577" Score="5" ViewCount="1404" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the verb &quot;любить&quot; mean to love or to like? I know it can be used for both, but which is more common and acceptable? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4834" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-03-13T20:10:59.430" LastActivityDate="2020-03-13T20:10:59.430" Title="Я люблю - I love or I like?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8130" CreationDate="2015-02-01T01:17:50.377" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;With people: &lt;code&gt;любить&lt;/code&gt; is to love; &quot;I like&quot; is &lt;code&gt;мне нравится&lt;/code&gt; (for both romantic and &quot;as a person&quot; liking).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With things, activities, etc.: &lt;code&gt;любить&lt;/code&gt; is the general equivalent of &quot;to like&quot;, and it's more or less interchangeable with &lt;code&gt;мне нравится&lt;/code&gt;; occasionally the latter is preferable (with books and works of art, for example). As for &quot;to love&quot; as in &quot;I love skiing&quot; (gummy bears, Tolkien, etc.), I usually translate it as &lt;code&gt;обожать&lt;/code&gt;, but there are options, down to the most basic &lt;code&gt;очень люблю&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-02-01T01:17:50.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8132" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8130" CreationDate="2015-02-01T01:18:16.150" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;used for a specific person (animal), it means &quot;love&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;used with generic groups of people (animals), it means &quot;like&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;used with generic things or activities, it means &quot;like&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;не любить&quot; is extremely common to express &quot;not liking&quot; some type of activity/ things/ people&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to express you opinion (&lt;em&gt;&quot;I was in the Cafe 67 last night, quite liked the coffee&quot;&lt;/em&gt;), do not use perfective &lt;em&gt;полюбить&lt;/em&gt; with these things, no matter generic or specific. Use &quot;понравиться&quot; instead.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2015-02-01T01:31:50.460" LastActivityDate="2015-02-01T01:31:50.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8130" CreationDate="2015-02-01T01:21:52.157" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both. When it refers to the people who are dear to you, e. g. your girl, wife, you parents, then it means 'love'. This can even be said about your pet:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я люблю тебя! - I love you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я люблю своего кота. - I love my cat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it refers to different animals, which are not your pets, or to non-living things, then it means 'like', but can also be translated as 'love' if you like that very much:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я люблю кошек. - I like cats. (I love cats.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я люблю шоколад. - I like chocolate. (I love chocolate.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is another common verb, &lt;code&gt;нравиться&lt;/code&gt;, which is used in this second meaning, but it can also refer to the people you like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нравится шоколад. - I like chocolate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нравится Сергей. - I like Sergej.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-02-01T01:21:52.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7729" CreationDate="2015-02-01T18:02:29.943" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://italki.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://italki.com&lt;/a&gt; - there you can find Russians willing to have a language exchange speaking practice (normally it is 30 min in Russian and 30 min in your language, but not necessary). &#xA;Also you can find a community tutor there (informal teaching) and teachers of Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck with learning Russian!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4884" LastActivityDate="2015-02-01T18:02:29.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7978" CreationDate="2015-02-02T07:34:26.937" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;My feeling is that it's just a difference between languages: in Russian it's correct to say НА Украине while in Ukrainian it is В. But the two languages are similar enough so that the two forms get mixed up, and nowadays this difference is political, too&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4982" LastActivityDate="2015-02-02T07:34:26.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8137" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8138" CreationDate="2015-02-02T09:41:46.053" Score="5" ViewCount="1646" Body="&lt;p&gt;Someone I know is making a computer game set in pre-revolutionary Russia. The game itself is not in Russian, but she would like the buttons to have Russian words attached to increase the atmosphere of the user interface. We are wondering what the command buttons are called in a standard Russian game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The buttons in her game are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Start game (which I understand is usually translated by &quot;Играть&quot; or &quot;Игра”) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Read file&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pictures - leads to a page with special pictures from the game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Music (&quot;Музыка&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Settings (&quot;Настройки&quot; or &quot;Опции&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Exit (&quot;Выход&quot; or &quot;Выйти&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Menu (&quot;Меню&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Save game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Recap - shows a screen with the last few blocks of text shown to the player&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Automatically progress - the standard setting is that the player needs to click before the next block of text is shown; activating this setting would let blocks of text automatically appear one after another&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Properties - numbers that control character progress&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fullscreen&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In window&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Back (on menu, recap or properties page, which would lead the player back to the game)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was able to find some screenshots of the main page of some games, but not all the terms we are interested in could be found in this way. (Apologies if some of the English terms above are non-standard in a game; the game is not in English either and I have little experience playing computer games.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2191" LastEditorUserId="2191" LastEditDate="2015-02-02T09:52:56.893" LastActivityDate="2016-06-10T20:38:00.020" Title="Vocabulary in a computer game" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8137" CreationDate="2015-02-02T10:00:16.107" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it is not exactly a pefect question for this particular forum, but here it is. I am a game developer, fortunately. As you asked, I tried to provide sort of &quot;typical&quot; names for such options in a real game rather than precise translations&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Start game = «&lt;strong&gt;Новая игра&lt;/strong&gt;» (New game), sometimes «&lt;strong&gt;Начать новую игру&lt;/strong&gt;» (Start a new game)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Read file = If it is about savegames, better «&lt;strong&gt;Загрузить&lt;/strong&gt;» (Load) or «&lt;strong&gt;Загрузить игру&lt;/strong&gt;» (Load game). &quot;Файл&quot; is not the word you'd use here... but if you &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; mean (literally) reading some files from your HDD, it would be &quot;Прочитать файл&quot; or &quot;Загрузить файл&quot;(Load file), or maybe &quot;Открыть файл&quot; (Open file).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pictures = «&lt;strong&gt;Картинки&lt;/strong&gt;» (Images, Pictures) or «&lt;strong&gt;Галерея&lt;/strong&gt;» (Gallery). «Альбом»(Album), if you want to be really fancy (not a typical word for images gallery inside the game, but there isn't anything wrong about using this methaphor)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Music = «&lt;strong&gt;Музыка&lt;/strong&gt;»&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Settings = «&lt;strong&gt;Настройки&lt;/strong&gt;»&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Exit = «&lt;strong&gt;Выход&lt;/strong&gt;»/«&lt;strong&gt;Выйти&lt;/strong&gt;»/«&lt;strong&gt;Выйти из игры&lt;/strong&gt;». Also, if you have seprate options for quitting to main menu and to the desktop, they are «Выйти в главное меню» and «Выйти из игры/ Выйти на рабочий стол»&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Menu = «&lt;strong&gt;Меню&lt;/strong&gt;», Main menu = «&lt;strong&gt;Главное меню&lt;/strong&gt;»&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Save game = «&lt;strong&gt;Сохранить игру&lt;/strong&gt;» (Save game), «&lt;strong&gt;Сохранить&lt;/strong&gt;» (Save)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Recap — no standard name, of course, so getting creative here. You could use «&lt;strong&gt;История&lt;/strong&gt;» (History), «Предыдущие» (previous ones; non-standard), «Ранее» /«Раньше» (Earlier). For going further back into the old info, maybe «&lt;strong&gt;Записи&lt;/strong&gt;», «Записки» (Notes), «&lt;strong&gt;Блокнот&lt;/strong&gt;» (Notepad), «&lt;strong&gt;Журнал&lt;/strong&gt;» (Journal, Notes), «Дневник» (Diary, Journal). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Automatically progress = «*Автопромотка**», «&lt;strong&gt;Проматывать текст автоматически&lt;/strong&gt;», «Проматывать текст» or &quot;реплики&quot;(lines, cues) instead of &quot;текст&quot;. In a modern setting «Автоскролл» would be just about right but «скролл» isn't a word in Russian, so it really sounds off and slangy for a historical game.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Properties — kinda fuzzy. If you mean the character screen with their different stats, you can use «&lt;strong&gt;Персонаж&lt;/strong&gt;» (Character), «Навыки» (Skills), «Параметры» or &lt;strong&gt;«Характеристики»&lt;/strong&gt;. More literal &quot;свойства&quot; is really bad here: first, it kinda sounds like &quot;settings&quot; or &quot;options&quot;, and second, you'd rather expect &quot;свойства&quot; to describe properties of some object or substance than living being. Not really used for character stats screen in Russian.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fullscreen = «&lt;strong&gt;Полноэкранный режим&lt;/strong&gt;», «&lt;strong&gt;Во весь экран&lt;/strong&gt;»/«&lt;strong&gt;На весь экран&lt;/strong&gt;»/«&lt;strong&gt;На полный экран&lt;/strong&gt;» &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In window = «&lt;strong&gt;Оконный режим&lt;/strong&gt;», «&lt;strong&gt;В окне&lt;/strong&gt;»&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Back = «&lt;strong&gt;Назад&lt;/strong&gt;» (the moooost standard and ubiquitous), «Вернуться»&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These days games also tend to have a single main menu option to &quot;continue&quot; playing from the savegame made the last time you left the game (people do have to sleep once in a while :) ). So if you don't fail or replay stuff, you don't even need to go to the load screen much:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Continue = «&lt;strong&gt;Продолжить&lt;/strong&gt;», «Продолжить игру»&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2016-06-10T20:38:00.020" LastActivityDate="2016-06-10T20:38:00.020" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8073" CreationDate="2015-02-02T12:30:22.223" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Anyway &lt;em&gt;товарищ инспектор&lt;/em&gt; is most neutral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you try to use common word like &lt;em&gt;командир&lt;/em&gt; that would mean that you're trying to be friendly or showing yourself as a simple driver (I'd even say non-educated person).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you'd try to address as &lt;em&gt;товарищ лейтенант/товарищ сержант&lt;/em&gt; - it's too official and if you're not aware of russian ranks it could be risky, since &lt;em&gt;лейтенант&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;старший лейтенант&lt;/em&gt; makes big difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And for sure always &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4815" LastActivityDate="2015-02-02T12:30:22.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8140" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-02T18:32:35.383" Score="4" ViewCount="3458" Body="&lt;p&gt;For my sins, I'm a huge fan of the TV-show &quot;The Americans&quot; - a show about two deep-cover KGB-agents living as a family in the USA with their children, set in the beginning of the 1980s.  &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Americans_(2013_TV_series)&quot;&gt;The Americans (Wikipedia)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The agents goes under the names Elizabeth and Philip Jennings (not their real Russian names obviously), while their daughter is Paige and their son Henry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would be suitable &quot;Russianated&quot; names from these English names (eg. like Peter=Pjoter)?  I guess &quot;Paige&quot; would be a bit of a challenge...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any good ideas (or a good source for English-names to Russian-names)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;+++&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An alternative, would perhaps find a Russian name with similar meaning to the English ones...  According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.behindthename.com/&quot;&gt;http://www.behindthename.com/&lt;/a&gt; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Paige: (feminine) From an English surname meaning &quot;servant, page&quot; in Middle English. It is ultimately derived (via Old French and Italian) from Greek παιδιον (paidion) meaning &quot;little boy&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jennings: From the given name Jenyn, a medieval diminutive of Jen, itself a Middle English form of JOHN.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5012" LastActivityDate="2015-02-03T10:38:27.723" Title="Russian &quot;version&quot; of Elizabeth, Philip, Henry and Paige?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8140" CreationDate="2015-02-03T05:57:13.427" Score="3" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Elizabeth - Елизавета &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Philip - Филипп or Филип &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Henry - Генри, probably Геннадий (Гена)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Paige - прямой русский перевод &lt;code&gt;паж&lt;/code&gt;, but there's no such russian name, so closest by pronunciation and also by meaning is &lt;code&gt;Полина&lt;/code&gt; - Paulina originated from Pavel/Paul - small/little&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4815" LastActivityDate="2015-02-03T05:57:13.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8092" CreationDate="2015-02-03T06:10:29.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think your friend would like to say: &lt;code&gt;you can't repeat&lt;/code&gt;. Meaning unbelievable or unrepeatable&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4815" LastActivityDate="2015-02-03T06:10:29.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8140" CreationDate="2015-02-03T10:14:57.923" Score="2" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jennings&lt;/em&gt; can be translated to any of the Russian surnames derived from rare or colloquial forms of Иван/Иоанн, for instance «Ванюшкин», «Вашутин», «Жанов», «Ивасин», «Ивашов».&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Henry&lt;/em&gt; - a child should better be called «Гера» or «Геша» (both may be familiar forms of Генри).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Paige&lt;/em&gt; - sounds a bit like «Паша», which is a familiar form of a long series of names, both masculine and feminine, «Полина» is among them.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, one should note that most Russians have both formal and familiar forms of their names, that are used in different situations.&#xA;It is very likely that &lt;em&gt;Елизавета&lt;/em&gt; would be always called «Лиза» by her husband and friends, and always with a patronyme (like «Елизавета Васильевна») by some others. So you probably need more than one name for each character if want to disguise them as native Russians.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Btw,  &lt;a href=&quot;http://kurufin.ru/search_translate_yandex.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Kurufin.ru&lt;/a&gt; has a good database of Russian names and their European counterparts. It does not list Paige, but you can check &lt;a href=&quot;http://kurufin.ru/html/Translate/elizaveta.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Elisabeth&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://kurufin.ru/html/Translate/filipp.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Philip&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://kurufin.ru/html/Translate/genrich.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Henry&lt;/a&gt; there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastEditorUserId="4833" LastEditDate="2015-02-03T10:38:27.723" LastActivityDate="2015-02-03T10:38:27.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8144" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8146" CreationDate="2015-02-03T14:14:19.610" Score="3" ViewCount="337" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dictionary lists &lt;strong&gt;испугать&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;напугать&lt;/strong&gt; (and one gives &lt;strong&gt;пугнуть&lt;/strong&gt;) for the perfectives of &lt;strong&gt;пугать&lt;/strong&gt;. Is there any difference in meaning? Is one more frequent than the other(s)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-17T11:22:40.423" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T11:22:40.423" Title="Difference in meaning between the perfectives напугать and испугать" Tags="&lt;вид&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8144" CreationDate="2015-02-03T15:02:01.207" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Difference is in time/duration of frightening effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Напугать&lt;/code&gt; - brief sudden effect. E.g: &lt;em&gt;меня напугала ваша собака&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Испугать&lt;/code&gt; - kind of an instant effect. E.g. &lt;em&gt;меня испугала перспектива остаться без работы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4815" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-02-03T15:45:33.640" LastActivityDate="2015-02-03T15:45:33.640" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8144" CreationDate="2015-02-03T15:05:00.093" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Испугать and напугать are synonyms. They are mostly interchangeable. The difference if exists is very subtle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roughly,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;напугать = to make shocked&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;испугать = to make concerned&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One difference is when using the words with reflexives. It is possible to испугаться &lt;em&gt;за&lt;/em&gt; (for) something but not напугаться &lt;em&gt;за&lt;/em&gt; (for) something:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда сына призвали в армию, я испугался за его жизнь = When my son was conscripted to the military, I became concerned for his life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using напугался would be incorrect here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More subtle difference is that напугать can more often than испугать be used sarcastically in the sense &amp;quot;to make shocked&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда я его брал на работу, его уровень знаний меня напугал. = When I&#xA;was considering him for a position, his level of knowledge shocked me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means the knowledge was either very good or very bad. Conversely испугать is more used to mean &amp;quot;to make concerned&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда я его брал на работу, его уровень знаний меня испугал. = When I&#xA;was considering him for a position, his level of knowledge made me concerned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that I possibly have serious questions on where he got all this knowledge (may be he is a foreign spy?) or may be I became concerned for the education system that makes such bad graduates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пугнуть has a different meaning, it means making a gesture to frighten somebody or (by implication) any other short-term action with that purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, you can infer the meaning from the very prefixes themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prefix на- means &amp;quot;to do plenty, a lot of something&amp;quot;, as in words настрогать, наложить, напилить, наделать, навонять, напустить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So напугать means &amp;quot;to frighten a lot&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prefix ис- means &amp;quot;to do something completely, make permanent change to its logical end, to the final target, reaching the aim&amp;quot;, as in words изрубить, испепелить, измотать, изжить, исправить, исписать, изрисовать (compare English words extinguish, exterminate, explain with Latin prefix ex- which is cognate with Russian iz-/is-).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the meaning of the word испугать means &amp;quot;to frighten completely&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;to frighten so much that the object changes their behavior, becomes concerned, more cautious&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-02-03T18:18:44.330" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8147" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-04T00:29:34.460" Score="1" ViewCount="269" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does Jarkov mean Ярков or Жарков?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T11:51:21.700" Title="What Jarkov stands for?" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2019-07-06T11:05:47.213" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8147" CreationDate="2015-02-04T01:26:06.783" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Probably Жарков, being the more common surname; &quot;French&quot; transliteration was used in Soviet and Russian travel passports until about the late 90s. If, however, the presumed language of the transliteration is a Nordic one, or Italian, or any other one where &lt;em&gt;j&lt;/em&gt; is iotic and &lt;em&gt;v&lt;/em&gt; is not [f], then Ярков is more likely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-02-04T01:26:06.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8144" CreationDate="2015-02-04T01:57:22.857" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's often useful to do a Google image search to help with differences between closely related verbs. Doing so won't help with grammar, but for meaning it's helpful. Search for &lt;strong&gt;напугать&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;испугать&lt;/strong&gt; and see...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; also means &lt;strong&gt;up, onto, to,&lt;/strong&gt;—so one could say &lt;strong&gt;напугать&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;putting a sudden fear on someone&quot;—it's not correct in grammar, but so what :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;настроить&lt;/strong&gt; can mean to build a lot or a certain amount of X, but one can also think of it as building (tuning, etc) something &lt;strong&gt;up (onto, to&lt;/strong&gt;) a certain point. To tune a TV to a channel, a person against (towards a state that is against) me etc.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4833" LastEditDate="2015-02-05T12:21:34.720" LastActivityDate="2015-02-05T12:21:34.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8150" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8152" CreationDate="2015-02-04T07:45:07.407" Score="1" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to make sure if that is an exception or rather a rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;between:&#xA;в следующую весну&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в следующем году&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see that we shifted from the use of the accusative to the prepositional case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is that possible? and what is the hidden rule behind it? (if there is one)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;большое спасибо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1773" LastActivityDate="2015-02-04T11:13:36.780" Title="accusative versus prepositional" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8150" CreationDate="2015-02-04T08:07:46.547" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это один из нестандартных падежей. Их названия и классификация могут различаться в разных источниках. Например, &quot;местно-временной падеж&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/404/what-are-the-lesser-known-russian-cases&quot;&gt;What are the lesser known Russian cases?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-02-04T08:13:13.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8150" CreationDate="2015-02-04T08:09:13.250" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Probably..? Use of &quot;в&quot; with seasons is not as &quot;standard&quot; as with years. The most obvious variants are &lt;em&gt;весной, летом, осенью, зимой&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;на следующей неделе&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;в следующем месяце&lt;/em&gt;. Here, you are treading into the usage people are accustomed to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the main principle is, which prepositions and cases you'd &lt;strong&gt;usually&lt;/strong&gt; choose for that time period. &quot;В 2000 году&quot; is typical. However, you'd not use &quot;в весне&quot; or &quot;в неделе&quot; except in literal meaning (&quot;There are 7 days in the week&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly to English, different prepositions are used with different time periods.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The common usage of &quot;следующий&quot; goes as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в следующий раз&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в следующую минуту/секунду&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в следующем часу&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;на следующий день&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;на следующей неделе&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в следующем месяце&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;следующей весной (в следующую весну?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в следующем семестре&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в следующем году&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в следующем десятилетии/веке/тысячелетии&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though, the reasons are not completely clear to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2015-02-04T08:14:45.747" LastActivityDate="2015-02-04T08:14:45.747" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8101" CreationDate="2015-02-04T09:49:47.683" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The nice real-life example is the (in-)famous conversation between S.Lavrov and D.Milliband in 2008. Supposedly, english sentence was: 'Who are you to f... lecture me?' And russian translation is 'Кто ты такой…, чтобы мне лекции читать?!' See, for example, russian wiki at &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,&lt;em&gt;%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9&lt;/em&gt;%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-02-04T09:49:47.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8155" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8156" CreationDate="2015-02-05T00:42:16.463" Score="5" ViewCount="434" Body="&lt;p&gt;Фрагмент статьи:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Февраль 2015 года. Из витринок, щедро расставленных в тучные годы вдоль городских улиц, исчезла реклама коммерческая; мутные пустующие стекла перемежаются рекламой социальной: &lt;strong&gt;детский тренер до пояса&lt;/strong&gt;, да текст, что, мол, за десять лет детская смертность от наркотиков возросла в 42 раза (хм, еще один из вариантов вопроса на известный ответ…). В тон этому и прогнозы Минэкономразвития – там рассчитывают на «сокращение физического импорта на 33,9% при среднегодовом курсе более 60 руб. за $1, падении инвестиций на 13,7% (отток капитала составит $115 млрд) и реальных зарплат на 9,6%».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Источник: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.computerra.ru/114349/solntse-zhivoe-nachinaet-bit-solntse-konservirovannoe/&quot;&gt;Компьютерра, &lt;em&gt;Солнце живое начинает бить солнце консервированное!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я обычно слова &lt;em&gt;тренер&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;пояс&lt;/em&gt; понимаю, ну здесь не знаю о чем идет речь. Ответы пожалуйста по-русски (английскую версию ответа можете конечно добавить если что).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4681" LastActivityDate="2015-02-21T09:30:50.283" Title="Что в этом контексте значит “детский тренер до пояса”?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8155" CreationDate="2015-02-05T00:49:21.213" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Так как ему противопоставляется «да текст», имеется в виду явно фото детского тренера по пояс (waist-up).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-02-05T00:49:21.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8092" CreationDate="2015-02-05T13:01:39.307" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Proposing dick (хуй) often means negation or condemnation. But you friend wrote two words &quot;хуй&quot; (dick) and &quot;будешь&quot; (will) concatenated. So this he probably constructed new word in joke. Russian language is inflectional, i.e. we can construct and modify words from parts. So we can add profanity parts to other words to sound more brutal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5023" LastActivityDate="2015-02-05T13:01:39.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8104" CreationDate="2015-02-05T13:05:16.567" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Masculine words have prevalence when generalizing. This is true, for example, for professions. &quot;Врач&quot; (masculine) is both male and female, while &quot;врачиха&quot; (feminine) is vulgarism. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &quot;поженились&quot; is correct. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Выйти замуж&quot; is also correct, but has stronger meaning of a &quot;role&quot; in a pair, which may be not adequate if partners are &quot;universal&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any term is expressing role, but &quot;поженились&quot; does this lesser, so it is more correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оля женилась на Кате (slightly expressing Olya is active).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оля жената (clear that she is lesbian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вася женился на Пете (slightly expressing Vasya is active).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вася женат (not evident if homosexual or not).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они поженились -- correct for men.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они женаты -- correct for men.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вася вышел замуж за Колю (strong expressing Kolya is active)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вася вышел замуж (clear that he is gay and expressing is passive).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5023" LastEditorUserId="5023" LastEditDate="2015-02-05T13:13:42.590" LastActivityDate="2015-02-05T13:13:42.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7978" CreationDate="2015-02-05T13:20:34.043" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there is no actual difference. Also there are no language rules stating that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before USSR decay if was most often said &quot;на Украине&quot;. Nowadays some Ukrainians wish we say &quot;в Украине&quot; to respect their independence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, this is political question. If you wish to respect Ukrainian independence you can say &quot;в&quot;. If you wish to respect denial of Ukrainian independence, you can say &quot;на&quot;. If you are in politically neutral topic, you can say &quot;на&quot; as it was common many years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5023" LastActivityDate="2015-02-05T13:20:34.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8130" CreationDate="2015-02-05T13:23:52.537" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Люблю&quot; means &quot;like&quot; more often, because true love is rare in nature. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say &quot;любить&quot; any time you say &quot;like&quot; in English, you are not required to say &quot;нравиться&quot;. The only exception is personal relationships: if you say &quot;люблю&quot; to potential partner, it will mean &quot;love&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5023" LastActivityDate="2015-02-05T13:23:52.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8161" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8164" CreationDate="2015-02-05T17:34:31.420" Score="1" ViewCount="253" Body="&lt;p&gt;В таком предложении: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Левой рукой она придерживала тонкий ремешок сумочки со стразами, которая всё время болталась на боку и стремилась свалиться с плеча.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос про расстояние между «сумочкой» и «которая». В идеале оно должно быть минимальным. Тут желательно без «со стразами»? Где предел этому расстоянию? Какое есть правило на эту тему?&#xA;Спасибо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2015-02-06T02:46:09.603" LastActivityDate="2015-04-28T20:31:39.137" Title="Расстояние между существительным и словом «который»" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8147" CreationDate="2015-02-05T21:52:15.683" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would seem to be the Spanish name for &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Харьков&lt;/a&gt;: &#xA;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1rkov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Járkov&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4944" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2015-02-06T00:29:32.663" LastActivityDate="2015-02-06T00:29:32.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8163" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8147" CreationDate="2015-02-05T22:40:02.330" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Transliteration into Latin characters - for passports of the Russian Federation (since 16.03.2010)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жарков -  ZHARKOV&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ярков -   IARKOV&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Джарков - DZHARKOV&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mishka.travel/default/index/passport/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://mishka.travel/default/index/passport/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5026" LastActivityDate="2015-02-05T22:40:02.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8161" CreationDate="2015-02-06T01:40:14.063" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ведро с картошкой, которое стояло с сенях&quot;. По-моему, ничего страшного.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тэг &quot;грамматика&quot; тут вряд ли годится. Скорее, &quot;стилистика&quot;, которая, пожалуй, почти не формализуется. Всё на слух и на вкус. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вариант:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Левой рукой она придерживала сумочку. Сумочка была утыкана стразами и болталась на боку, тонкий ремешок норовил соскользнуть с плеча.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2015-02-06T01:40:14.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8161" CreationDate="2015-02-06T07:19:09.913" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;По-моему мнению, правило только одно: если возможна амфиболия, расстояние должно быть нулевое, а если амфиболии нет - любое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-02-06T07:19:09.913" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8166" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8168" CreationDate="2015-02-06T12:59:27.443" Score="3" ViewCount="445" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как перевести на русский сленговый возглас: &lt;strong&gt;hey, doodz!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Желательно, чтобы перевод максимально сохранил не только собственно само значение, но также и искаженное написание, ну типа: &lt;strong&gt;эй, пацаки!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Desirable translation should keep not only meaning of phrase but also distorted spelling :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4815" LastActivityDate="2015-02-09T16:46:54.527" Title="Best translation to russian: &quot;hey, doodz!&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8166" CreationDate="2015-02-06T17:50:55.577" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;С литературной точки зрения, искажение написания в русском тексте - не нормально.&#xA;Если это необходимо для указания на принадлежность к очень специфической социальной группе с определенным жаргоном - это одно. В противном случае, лучше обойтись обычной фразой: &quot;Эй, пацаны&quot; или &quot;Эй, братва&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-02-06T17:50:55.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8166" CreationDate="2015-02-07T02:37:50.137" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здесь может быть несколько вариантов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Начнём с doodz (dudes?).&#xA;Можно использовать слово &quot;пацаны&quot;, и можно использовать &quot;чуваки&quot;. Зависит от круга общения. Если происхождение парней скорее относится к рабочему классу (if you know what I mean :) ), то скорее подойдёт &quot;пацаны&quot;. Если публика более хипповая, то лучше использовать чуваки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Насчёт hey. Опять же зависит от конеткста. Если просто окликнуть, то так &quot;хей&quot; и будет. Если это приветсвтвие, то можно сказать &quot;здорово&quot; или производные &quot;даров&quot;, &quot;дарофф&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну и желательно конечно не обращаться так к незнакомым пацанам и чувакам. Можно больно получить по голове.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5033" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-02-07T11:01:32.940" LastActivityDate="2015-02-07T11:01:32.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8161" CreationDate="2015-02-09T00:34:51.057" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Option 1: use &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.interword.se/Syntax/Lektionsmaterial/GVOZDEV/m/stil529.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;активные причастия&lt;/a&gt; (прошедшего времени)&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Левой рукой она придерживала тонкий ремешок сумочки со стразами, всё время &lt;code&gt;болтавшейся&lt;/code&gt; на боку и &lt;code&gt;стремившейся&lt;/code&gt; свалиться с плеча.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, they can be considered bookish by many, and, they rarely used in International Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Option 2: split up the long sentence. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/8164/4817&quot;&gt;Avi Gordon's answer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4817" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-02-09T00:34:51.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8170" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-09T07:01:34.860" Score="4" ViewCount="378" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that &quot;теперь ещё&quot; and &quot;пока ещё&quot; have very similar meaning.  But I am not sure whether they can always be replaced each other.  For example, does it make any difference if &quot;пока ещё&quot; is replaced by &quot;теперь ещё&quot; in the following second sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Уже не трудно читать русский текст.  Но &lt;em&gt;пока ещё&lt;/em&gt; трудно говорить правильно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4028" LastActivityDate="2015-02-10T10:57:24.753" Title="What is the difference between “теперь ещё” and “пока ещё”?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8170" CreationDate="2015-02-09T07:21:09.700" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;пока ещё = still&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;теперь ещё = some more now&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-02-09T07:21:09.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8094" CreationDate="2015-02-09T07:30:30.497" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Возможно, что слово происходит не от &lt;em&gt;жизнь&lt;/em&gt;, а от диалектного &lt;em&gt;житка&lt;/em&gt; в значении &lt;em&gt;жила&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/proverbs/2822/%D0%96%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%9A%D0%90&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ЖИТКА&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — Тянуть (вытягивать) [всю] житку из кого. Брян. То же, что&#xA;  тянуть жилы (ЖИЛА).  &lt;em&gt;Большой словарь русских поговорок  — М: Олма Медиа Групп В. М. Мокиенко, Т. Г. Никитина 2007&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ТЯНУТЬ ЖИЛЫ&lt;/strong&gt; из кого. ВЫТЯНУТЬ ЖИЛЫ из кого. Разг. Предосуд. Изнурять,&#xA;  изматывать кого-либо тяжёлой, непосильной работой, непомерными&#xA;  требованиями, придирками. [Краснов:] Пожалейте вы меня: ведь вы из&#xA;  меня жилы тянете (А. Островский. Грех да беда на кого не живёт).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Фразеологический словарь русского литературного языка. — М.: Астрель, АСТ. А. И. Фёдоров. 2008.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Видимо, диалектный вариант &lt;em&gt;тянуть житку&lt;/em&gt; переосмыслился как &lt;em&gt;жить тяжёлой жизнью&lt;/em&gt; из-за схожести слов &lt;em&gt;житка&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;жизнь&lt;/em&gt;. От &lt;em&gt;житка&lt;/em&gt; легко образуется - &lt;em&gt;житуха&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;житёнка&lt;/em&gt; и т.д. В пользу этого говорят и словосочетания типа &lt;em&gt;тянуть житуху&lt;/em&gt;, довольно распространённые в разговорной речи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4121" LastEditorUserId="4833" LastEditDate="2015-02-09T12:17:51.180" LastActivityDate="2015-02-09T12:17:51.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8170" CreationDate="2015-02-09T07:47:12.737" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, &quot;еще&quot; may mean &quot;more&quot;, which is the different story.&#xA;The second, when referring to time, &quot;пока еще&quot; means &quot;smth. was like this and still is&quot; and &quot;теперь еще&quot; means &quot;now smth. is like this (but earlier it wasn't)&quot;. For example, &quot;Я - мужчина, а теперь еще и отец&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-02-09T07:47:12.737" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8170" CreationDate="2015-02-09T09:24:06.680" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пока ещё&lt;/em&gt; = &quot;still&quot; (&lt;em&gt;пока ещё мы только увеличиваем наши долги&lt;/em&gt;) or &quot;yet&quot; (&lt;em&gt;пока ещё рано об этом говорить&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Теперь ещё&lt;/em&gt; = &quot;now even&quot; (&lt;em&gt;теперь ещё и со вкусом борща&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;теперь ещё быстрее&lt;/em&gt;). As two separate words &lt;em&gt;теперь ещё&lt;/em&gt; = &quot;now&quot; + &quot;more&quot; (&lt;em&gt;расскажите теперь ещё о цене на колбасу&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your sentence you can't replace one with another. &lt;em&gt;Но теперь ещё трудно говорить правильно&lt;/em&gt; would roughly mean &quot;but now it's even difficult to speak correctly&quot; and you wouldn't hear such a construction from a native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4630" LastEditorUserId="4944" LastEditDate="2015-02-10T10:57:24.753" LastActivityDate="2015-02-10T10:57:24.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8166" CreationDate="2015-02-09T16:46:54.527" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;По крайней мере в интернетах наиболее популярным будет, пожалуй, &quot;поцоны&quot;, или даже &quot;посоны&quot;.&#xA;Я бы перевёл как &quot;чё как, поцоны?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2281" LastActivityDate="2015-02-09T16:46:54.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8144" CreationDate="2015-02-09T17:00:42.133" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like to take a more historical approach to explain it. The real difference is in the fact that one word is more colloquial, day-to-day, and the other is higher register: the word испугать features the Old Church Slavonic prefix ис- and therefore has a higher register connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answers people gave here are pretty correct to some extent, however what they're doing is trying to generalize random consequences of the real cause: low vs. high register.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just like an example above:&#xA;Меня напугала собака -- a dog scaring someone in the streets, is a more down-to-the-earth situation, so the low register East Slavic на- is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Меня испугала перспектива провала -- &quot;the prospect of failure scared me&quot; -- this situation is more metaphorical, more abstract, therefore the higher-register ис- from Church Slavonic is used. A dog can испугать as well, but that would mean, in this context, something more serious, than the less serious напугать (more serious vs. less serious stems from high vs. low register as well)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2281" LastActivityDate="2015-02-09T17:00:42.133" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8147" CreationDate="2015-02-10T10:47:01.140" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://library.ua/modules/boonex/blogs/blogs.php?action=show_member_post&amp;amp;post_id=48&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;МАМОНТ ЖАРКОВА&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Found it in English wikipedia: &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarkov_Mammoth&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarkov_Mammoth&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-02-10T10:47:01.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7389" CreationDate="2015-02-11T09:31:17.513" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A russian friend told me &quot;Molodets&quot; wasn't a neutral expression: it is quite familiar, you can use it with a person you know well. Otherwise, it has a slightly patronizing connotation (ex: teacher talking to a pupil)... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4482" LastActivityDate="2015-02-11T09:31:17.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8180" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8181" CreationDate="2015-02-11T09:54:51.493" Score="3" ViewCount="2110" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подскажите, пожалуйста, литературный вариант сленгового слова &quot;зажрался&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я понимаю его значение как &quot;пресыщен успехами и слишком хорошим уровнем жизни&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли вариант короче?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5041" LastActivityDate="2015-02-15T10:36:05.747" Title="Литературный вариант слова &quot;зажрался&quot;" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8180" CreationDate="2015-02-11T11:12:40.167" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;В зависимости от контекста похожий смысл может иметь &lt;em&gt;избаловáлся&lt;/em&gt;. Можно ещё написать &lt;em&gt;засибарúтствовался&lt;/em&gt;, но это слово акцентирует &quot;хороший уровень жизни&quot; и почти не имеет коннотации &quot;успех&quot; (я не уверен, что эта коннотация так уж сильна в исходном &lt;em&gt;зажрался&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2015-02-11T11:19:42.780" LastActivityDate="2015-02-11T11:19:42.780" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8180" CreationDate="2015-02-11T11:20:19.700" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Помимо &lt;em&gt;избаловался&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;заелся&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;пресытился&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В зависимости от контекста: &lt;em&gt;обнаглел&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;потерял стыд&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4630" LastActivityDate="2015-02-11T11:20:19.700" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8155" CreationDate="2015-02-12T16:29:03.623" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я хоть и русский, но значения этого выражения не понимаю, да и сам текст очень тяжел для восприятия. Возможно, имеется ввиду, что изображение тренера на плакате по высоте от земли до пояса.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5047" LastActivityDate="2015-02-12T16:29:03.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8189" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8194" CreationDate="2015-02-13T13:11:00.323" Score="2" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question is not Russian language-related strictly speaking, but I think it's useful for a lot of people using the language. I wonder if it is possible to use the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruscorpora.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ruscorpora.ru&lt;/a&gt; website to build the comparative word usage frequency distribution by year for two (or more) words. I have found the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruscorpora.ru/instruction-main.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;user manual&lt;/a&gt;, but couldn't find the answer there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, I'd like to compare the words скакалка and прыгалки, i.e. have these two plots — &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%EF%F0%FB%E3%E0%EB%EA%E8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;first&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%F1%EA%E0%EA%E0%EB%EA%E0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;second&lt;/a&gt; — plotted in the common axes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2018-09-03T07:51:32.957" LastActivityDate="2018-09-03T07:51:32.957" Title="How can I compare two words in the Russian corpus?" Tags="&lt;resources&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8092" CreationDate="2015-02-13T13:36:23.023" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's little joke rhyme:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;У меня к тебе дело есть:&#xA;Хуй сварился, будешь есть&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes people make pause when speaking first line to joke when someone replies. Probably it's simplified/similar version. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1769" LastActivityDate="2015-02-13T13:36:23.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8192" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-13T14:00:25.790" Score="7" ViewCount="252" Body="&lt;p&gt;Человек, живущий в городе, может быть назван специальным существительным, которое обозначает его принадлежность к этому городу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например житель:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Москвы — москвич,  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Омска — омич,  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ленинграда — ленинградец,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;города Химки — химчанин, но не химец или химич,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Уфы — уфимец, но не уфич или уфец.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Существует ли правило образования этих существительны на основе названия города?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5041" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2015-02-13T14:21:54.000" LastActivityDate="2015-04-19T20:28:48.617" Title="Именование жителей городов" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;&lt;этнонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8189" CreationDate="2015-02-13T15:01:18.730" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are looking for juxtaposition-ed plots, you can do this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/ngram.xml?mode=main&amp;amp;t1=%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;amp;t2=%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8&amp;amp;start=1800&amp;amp;end=2010&amp;amp;smoothing=3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/ngram.xml?mode=main&amp;amp;t1=скакалка&amp;amp;t2=прыгалки&amp;amp;start=1800&amp;amp;end=2010&amp;amp;smoothing=3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can start by clicking &quot;графики&quot; on the home page of ruscorpora.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2015-02-13T15:07:41.083" LastActivityDate="2015-02-13T15:07:41.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8195" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8196" CreationDate="2015-02-13T17:23:21.593" Score="3" ViewCount="165" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English the word &quot;knowledge&quot; is always singular. For instance, you can't say someone has &quot;a lot of knowledges&quot; about something. It must be &quot;a lot of knowledge.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, I have seen &quot;level of knowledge&quot; as both уровень знания and уровень знаний on various websites. What are some reasons, &lt;em&gt;other than&lt;/em&gt; purely grammatical ones, to use one choice instead of the other? I am not interested in purely grammatical reasons such as много знаний, where много requires the plural form of the noun it modifies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2015-02-18T00:05:08.977" Title="уровень знания vs. уровень знаний" Tags="&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8195" CreationDate="2015-02-13T17:51:36.757" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Knowledge of a person (who has the knowledge) or knowledge in a sphere, field are usually plural in Russian. Knowledge of something (about which is the knowledge) is singular. So check whether you use the &amp;quot;of&amp;quot; in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его знания в области английского языка огромны = His knowledge in the&#xA;sphere of English language is great.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его знание английского языка огромно = His knowledge of English&#xA;language is great.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second case you can substitute &amp;quot;how does he know&amp;quot;/&amp;quot;how he knows&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;his knowledge of&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to put it simple,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;знания = knowledge&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;знание = knowing (how he knows)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, знание can be used in singular as abstract noun:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Научное знание борется с религиозным невежеством = Scientific&#xA;knowledge is struggling with religious ignorance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here we refer to knowledge as to a method, paradigm rather than collected data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-02-13T18:19:50.220" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8195" CreationDate="2015-02-13T23:07:41.287" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;«&lt;em&gt;Уровень знаний&lt;/em&gt;» is much more common and can be used as the default translation of &quot;the level of knowledge&quot;. It is almost idiomatic, and is used even when talking about specific or abstract knowledge (where the singular form «знание» would be appropriate as suggested by Anixx'answer).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«&lt;em&gt;Уровень знания&lt;/em&gt;» is sometimes used to define a gradation of some specific knowledge&#xA;(&lt;em&gt;уровень знания английского, необходимый для работы&lt;/em&gt;), but even in that cases it can be  replaced by the plural (&lt;em&gt;уровень знаний английского&lt;/em&gt;) without any loss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-02-13T23:07:41.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8198" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8200" CreationDate="2015-02-13T23:57:31.463" Score="6" ViewCount="332" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; claim that the word крест is loanword from Old High German krist. Is it traditional and valid etymology? Do Russian have any trace of proper (not borrowed) Protoslavic word with meaning of крест?&#xA;The evolution of meaning cited in wiktionary is very &quot;strange&quot; for me also: Jesus Christ &gt; crucifixion &gt; cross. Russian language (Proto-Slavic) have had no word for very simple &quot;cross&quot;?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;: I asked the question not clear enough actually:&#xA;1) Why the evolution of semantics of Proto-Slavic(sic!) word *krьstъ start by meaning Jesus Christ, clearly Proto-Slavic (circa 7th to 8th centuries AD) was far before history of Christianity. How this meaning could be in Proto-Slavic?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5054" LastEditorUserId="5054" LastEditDate="2015-02-15T00:42:02.563" LastActivityDate="2015-02-15T04:02:33.323" Title="Etymology of крест" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8199" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8198" CreationDate="2015-02-14T01:40:43.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The same etymology of word &amp;quot;крест&amp;quot; is supported by etymological dictionary by &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.classes.ru/all-russian/russian-dictionary-Vasmer-term-6126.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vasmer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Крест&lt;/em&gt; was borrowed from Church Slavic.  Old Russian &lt;em&gt;крьстъ&lt;/em&gt; was used in a treaty between Prince Igor and Byzantian Greece in 911 (that was before Kievan Rus adopted Christianity)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Originally &lt;em&gt;*krьstъ&lt;/em&gt; meant Christ and it was derived Old German krist, christ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not aware of another word with the meaning of &lt;em&gt;cross&lt;/em&gt; that would indicate/suggest Protoslavic origin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-02-15T04:02:33.323" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8198" CreationDate="2015-02-14T05:36:21.367" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Non-borrowed Slavic word is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пересечение&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In PIE a crossover apparently was called &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;pertus&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-02-14T05:36:21.367" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8198" CreationDate="2015-02-14T08:15:35.873" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Native Russian words similar to &lt;strong&gt;cross&lt;/strong&gt; are &lt;strong&gt;поперёк&lt;/strong&gt; (adv., prep.) and &lt;strong&gt;поперечный&lt;/strong&gt; (adj.). But the corresponding verb is rarely used in everyday speech: &lt;strong&gt;перечить&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;to cross/contradict someone&lt;/strong&gt;. And the nouns &lt;strong&gt;поперечина&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;поперечник&lt;/strong&gt; also have limited usage. Thus, in everyday speech we usually choose verbs and nouns starting with &lt;code&gt;пере-&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;против-&lt;/code&gt;, if we need to say something 'cross-related'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-02-14T08:15:35.873" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8202" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-14T23:31:14.213" Score="4" ViewCount="710" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read a page on Russian Impersonal constructions a few days ago by the RLM. It was all about impersonal constructions. But, it's just not clicking for me. For example:  &lt;em&gt;&quot;Пашу тошнило всю дорогу&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. Why does this sentence govern the neuter form of the verb? Another question I have is with this example: &lt;em&gt;&quot;Едва самолёт взлетел, как один из моторов заело.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; Why does this also govern neuter form of the verb? I was taught earlier that impersonal construction use dative case, and these use accusative case? Please explain how to form impersonal constructions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4925" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-03-27T16:04:21.103" LastActivityDate="2015-03-27T16:04:21.103" Title="Impersonal Construction: Dative or Accusative?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8202" CreationDate="2015-02-15T00:55:59.647" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пашу тошнило всю дорогу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The impersonal neuter verbs + Accusative case in the constructions like this are often used to show conditions or feelings. The typical dummy subject 'it' is omitted here, but still the verb agrees with 'it', this is why it is neuter: тошнило (a verb describing one's condition - being sick)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Едва самолёт взлетел, как один из моторов заело.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you have the dummy subject 'it' omitted again. It is an impersonal construction describing the condition of the engine (broken).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usage of the impersonal construction rather than normal active voice sentences can be explained by the topical analysis. Since Russian is a topic-prominent language, i.e. syntax follows the topic (what's &lt;strong&gt;new&lt;/strong&gt; is in your message), not the straight S-V-O logic, those impersonal sentences shows what exactly you wanted to say, highlighted the new part of the message. You can read more about &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic-prominent_language&quot;&gt;topic-prominent languages here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4884" LastActivityDate="2015-02-15T00:55:59.647" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8180" CreationDate="2015-02-15T10:36:05.747" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;зарвался&quot; - грубо вышел за рамки дозволенного.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5056" LastActivityDate="2015-02-15T10:36:05.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8205" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8206" CreationDate="2015-02-15T23:08:26.343" Score="7" ViewCount="1836" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am currently a college student and taking Ukrainian (elementary/intermediate). This is my first time learning any Slavic language, and I'm often asked why I chose to learn Ukrainian rather than Russian. It's a variety of things, but really I intend on gaining proficiency in both. However, I do want to start beginning my path on learning Russian as well. However, I wanted to ask those of you here that may understand both or are bilingual in other Slavic languages whether or not it would be wise to learn Russian concurrently with Ukrainian, or if I should wait till after this course in Ukrainian and then take Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was considering doing my &quot;introduction&quot; to Russian via self-study, rather than enrolling in a formal course. And then probably taking Intermediate Russian as an actual course. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With that said, I hear many different opinions on how different the two languages are. Granted, I know grammatical rules differ a decent amount. But for me the hardest thing going into Ukrainian was learning to write and the logical structure of sentences. So I feel like those would be similar in Russian, and that I wouldn't be nearly as lost going into that language. Anyways, for someone that is familiar with Ukrainian (in your opinion) what would a prospective timeline be to also gain a beginner proficiency in Russian, as compared to someone taking Russian for their first Slavic language? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4721" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T09:48:29.973" Title="As a student learning Ukrainian, should I also concurrently learn Russian? Or wait and tackle them separately?" Tags="&lt;обучение&gt;&lt;ukrainian&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8205" CreationDate="2015-02-16T02:14:45.173" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say it depends on how you would react to a large number of minor differences. The way dative case endings change the preceding consonants in Ukrainian but not in Russian, the &lt;code&gt;-тся&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-ться&lt;/code&gt; distinction that Russian has and Ukrainian doesn't, and lots more like that. You might find it intellectually pleasurable to stay alert and always remember which is which, or you might be overwhelmed and annoyed by them. I personally prefer to stick to the one I'm learning, and take any incidental progress in neighbouring languages as a bonus, without trying to rush it. I won't insist it's the best approach but I feel that every language requires a significant period of undivided attention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-02-16T02:14:45.173" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8205" CreationDate="2015-02-16T08:31:53.297" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on your goal. If you need the two languages for doing business, you can take them at once. You would learn them faster; the languages will probably be mixed up a bit, but that is pretty common so no one would care.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the point is to speak and write correctly in at least one of the languages, then wait a little before starting the second one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the languages are similar, have similar scripts, and many speakers are bilingual, it makes a really hard task for your brain to separate them into two separate structures if you are learning them at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-02-16T08:31:53.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8208" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8209" CreationDate="2015-02-16T11:07:13.323" Score="7" ViewCount="643" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слава has &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/tqhVCmc_sic&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this song Спелый мой&lt;/a&gt;, but I can't find any translation that makes any sense to me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the lyrics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Спелый мой, нежно целуй подолгу,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Зрелый мой, плечи ласкай ладонью,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Вкусный мой, в сердце оставь наколку.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Дорогой, слезы — любви подспорье.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Спелый мой, я не живу — я плачу,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Зрелый мой, я не могу иначе.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Вкусный мой, чувства мои незрячи,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мой родной.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found this, but it does not make sense in the context of the song:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;спелый&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  1. mature&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  спелый лес — mature forest&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  спелый шлак — matured slag&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  спелый ячмень — mature barley&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  спелое лесонасаждение — mature forest stand&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2. mellow&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  спелый солод — mellow malt&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  спелое зерно — mellow grain&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  3. ripe&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  спелое яблоко — ripe apple&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  спелое зерно — ripe grain&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  спелая древесина — ripe wood   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4702" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-03-27T16:05:44.110" LastActivityDate="2015-03-27T16:05:44.110" Title="“Спелый мой” – what does it mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8208" CreationDate="2015-02-16T11:38:55.370" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning of the word is &quot;ripe&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The narrator compares her beloved one to a ripe fruit and calls him &lt;em&gt;спелый&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;ripe&quot;), &lt;em&gt;зрелый&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;mature&quot;, meaning both &quot;adult&quot; and &quot;fully developed&quot;, just like the English term); and &lt;em&gt;вкусный&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;tasty&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The song is full of masochistic innuendos and the author hints at her being blind (probably because of being blindfolded), so apparently she wants to state the fact that sense of taste is the only way she could feel her partner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-02-16T11:38:55.370" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8208" CreationDate="2015-02-16T15:21:37.297" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right in that the word &lt;em&gt;спелый&lt;/em&gt; does not make a lot of sense here. It's pretty much dragged in by the heels in line with the lamentable pretentiousness and cheesiness of these lyrics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the undoubted sexual whiff of the lyrics, one could argue that &lt;em&gt;спелый&lt;/em&gt; here is borrowed from the colloquial expression &lt;em&gt;спелая девушка&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;спелая женщина&lt;/em&gt; -- a very low-key term for a sexually attractive and presumably available young female. The lyrics is a good example of a cheap-night-club Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2015-02-16T15:43:17.667" LastActivityDate="2015-02-16T15:43:17.667" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8205" CreationDate="2015-02-17T20:34:00.807" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both languages are pretty similar. In my opinion, they have almost equal grammar. The main difference is everyday life  vocabulary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russians and Ukrainians very often can understand each other without any training. There also a lot of people in Russia and Ukraine, who speak surzhyk, which is mix from both languages. In real, there is no very hard border between the languages. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if you interested in Ukrainian an Russian languages,  learning one of them would very help you to learn another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4921" LastActivityDate="2015-02-17T20:34:00.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8212" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8205" CreationDate="2015-02-17T23:47:59.850" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am Ukrainian and yes I am bilingual. From what language start learning — it's dependent from your goal. If you need it for business or trip — you don't need to learn it both, just learn Russian language and anybody could understand you in any Slavic country.&#xA;If you want be professional in both — it's don't matter from which to start. They have similar logic. Of course every day vocabulary is different. But the Ukrainian language grammar is more simple.&#xA;In any case you need learn one language and then move to other. Because they have very close word set and partially different grammar — when learn it both in one time it would be very hard remember what rule or word from what language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5065" LastActivityDate="2015-02-17T23:47:59.850" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8195" CreationDate="2015-02-18T00:05:08.977" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;«уровень знания» — it mean level/gradation knowledge about some concrete well known skill (it similar for rule of using &quot;the&quot; article in English language)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«уровень знаний» — it mean level/gradation for all/genetic scope of skills, knowledge (it similar for rule of using &quot;a&quot; article in English language)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5065" LastActivityDate="2015-02-18T00:05:08.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8205" CreationDate="2015-02-18T01:28:45.933" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ukrainian pronunciation is easier for an English speaker to grasp, so in that way I have always thought it would be an easier language to pick up in respect to Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My sense is you would be wise to get on your feet with Slavic grammar and sentence structure through the Ukrainian course, and focus on Russian separately. Self-study should be sufficient given the significant amount of transferrable knowledge (sentence structure included), but the softer sounds—not to mention new vocabulary—will add a new level of complexity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5066" LastActivityDate="2015-02-18T01:28:45.933" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8215" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-18T17:13:34.047" Score="2" ViewCount="243" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;But then you find yourself unchallenged by...&quot; - what would be the best, possibly one-word, translation for &quot;unchallenged&quot; in the context of &quot;nothing else challenges/excites/arouses my senses, other than killing&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The &quot;unchallenged&quot; I need is a bit out of the actual context of the text below, I apologize for the confusion.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Full text:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;mdash; Tell me about the first time. What was it like?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;mdash; It made me sick. The smell disgusted me. The first was the worst and hardest to get over. But a switch had been flicked, a line crossed. Something was done that couldn't be undone. Something that separates you from the common herd. I was ill for four days after. You're in a state of existential shock. But then you find yourself unchallenged by&#xA;  divine and secular power.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;mdash; OK So why not do it again? But better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2086" LastEditorUserId="2086" LastEditDate="2015-02-20T16:27:14.750" LastActivityDate="2015-02-20T16:27:14.750" Title="&quot;Unchallenged&quot; equivalent in context of &quot;not challenging enough&quot; (as in not exciting)" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8216" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-18T17:32:07.160" Score="4" ViewCount="901" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, when conjugating the verb for the I pronoun you will use ю or у. I was wondering if there was a trick to knowing when to use which one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я читаю — I read&lt;br&gt;&#xA;я живу — I live&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5070" LastEditorUserId="2269" LastEditDate="2015-02-18T18:19:24.087" LastActivityDate="2015-05-26T20:21:43.520" Title="Verb conjugation with Pronoun ‘я’" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;спряжение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8216" CreationDate="2015-02-18T20:46:15.537" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;-ю normally indicates a verb stem ending with a soft consonant (in case of читаю it is читаj-). &#xA;-у indicates a verb stem ending with a hard consonant. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it not always works this way. Zaliznyak grammatical dictionary (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.morfologija.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;online version&lt;/a&gt;) identifies some regular patterns that may help you to figure out how to form 1st person singular: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Verbs ending with -ать, -ять, -еть, similar to читать, гулять, жалеть - end with -ю (читаю, гуляю, жалею)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Verbs ending with -овать/-евать, like требовать, танцевать - end with -ю (требую, танцую)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Verbs ending with -нуть - end with -у (тонуть - тону)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Verbs ending with -ить - if a stem ends with a sibilant (ж, ш, с, з, ч, щ) or т/д, then the first person, singular would end with -у; otherwise -ю. Please note consonants in a stem may change. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If verbs ending with -ать and the stem ending with a  sibilant - 1st singular ends with -у; some verbs with a stem ending with т/д and the ending -еть, like вертеть,  change the stem to ч/ж and -у (верчу)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Verbs ending with -сть, -зть, -сти, -зти, -чь - end with -у in 1st singular&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there are some irregular verbs and small groups of verbs that follow some specific conjugation patterns, so the best way is to check all personal verbal forms for each particular verb at &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4884" LastEditorUserId="4884" LastEditDate="2015-02-19T03:10:25.973" LastActivityDate="2015-02-19T03:10:25.973" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8205" CreationDate="2015-02-18T21:12:15.780" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I live in Ukraine and speak both languages. &lt;em&gt;Russian&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Ukrainian&lt;/em&gt; languages are very close. It sometimes is advantage when you want to learn one of these languages while knowing the other, but in some cases it is actually disadvantage. Similarity actually is confusing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general learning multiple languages at the same time is a bad idea. (I can't put a link, I can't find it, but I read scientific paper suggestion that you should learn one language at a time, but you can practice languages you already know).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My suggestion is to learn Ukrainian and when you are in a phase that you can have a small talk, you can start Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1417" LastActivityDate="2015-02-18T21:12:15.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8216" CreationDate="2015-02-19T02:54:04.617" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another way to know is to first identify if the verb is 1st or 2nd conjugation. 1st conj verbs have -ешь, ет, -ем, etc. 2nd conj verbs have -ишь, -ит, -им, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For most 1st conj verbs remove the -ть -ти of the infinitive. If the resulting (present tense) stem ends in a vowel add -ю -ют: чита&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt;, дела&lt;strong&gt;ют&lt;/strong&gt;, теря&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt;, теря&lt;strong&gt;ют&lt;/strong&gt;, старе&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt;, старе&lt;strong&gt;ют&lt;/strong&gt;. There are some high frequency 1st conj verbs that require altering the present tense stem, but once the alteration is made the same rule applies: советовать - совету&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt;, жевать - жу&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt;, петь - по&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the present tense stem (of 1st conj verbs) ends in a consonant, then add -у, -ут: ид&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;, пиш&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;, бер&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;. There are a handful of mostly low frequency exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For all 2nd conj verbs remove the ть of the infinitive and whatever vowel precedes to find the present tense stem. For 2nd conj verbs the endings are -ю, -ят (говор&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt;, сто&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt;, говор&lt;strong&gt;ят&lt;/strong&gt;, сто&lt;strong&gt;ят&lt;/strong&gt; unless the stem ends in a husher, then the spelling rule applies:&#xA;получить - получ&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;, получ&lt;strong&gt;ат&lt;/strong&gt;, спешить - спеш&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;, спеш&lt;strong&gt;ат&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4936" LastActivityDate="2015-02-19T02:54:04.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8220" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-19T04:49:50.303" Score="4" ViewCount="742" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does the text on this poster say? Is it grammatical at all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/l7RZT.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5072" LastActivityDate="2015-02-19T15:09:47.927" Title="What does the text on this picture mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8220" CreationDate="2015-02-19T06:57:52.977" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The text is written in old (pre-1917) grammar (though I'm not sure, if it's free of errors).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The translation is: [This is] my face, when someone files a lawsuit against the electrical telegraph, being the well-known [Internet] meme.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-02-19T06:57:52.977" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8215" CreationDate="2015-02-19T08:03:10.477" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the full context, I still believe that &lt;em&gt;unchallenged&lt;/em&gt; here is used in the meaning of &lt;em&gt;not confronted&lt;/em&gt; or even &lt;em&gt;not stopped&lt;/em&gt;.  Normally, the &quot;divine and secular power&quot; will stop a person from committing a murder, however here the narrator says that after he's done it once, the divine and secular powers are not stopping him any more.  Hence I would translate the sentence as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Сначала] ты жишешь в состоянии шока. Но после этого ни божья сила, ни&#xA;  людские законы тебя уже не останавливают.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2015-02-19T08:03:10.477" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8215" CreationDate="2015-02-19T08:09:14.287" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate this as something like &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И тут вдруг ты оказываешься вне власти богов и людей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ни боги, ни люди над тобой уже не властны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastActivityDate="2015-02-19T08:09:14.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8220" CreationDate="2015-02-19T14:53:45.583" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The translation by @&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/5008/user4419802&quot;&gt;user4419802&lt;/a&gt; is absolutely correct, still it is practically impossible to understand what it means without knowing what the lawsuit and the meme mentioned in it are. Let me tell the story.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 2005 a Russian band made a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWubYiNhluc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; that contained the phrase “бей бабу по ебалу” (‘hit women into their faces’ expressed in obscene words). Later, in 2008, in a Russian social network a meme appeared, it was &lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.so/images/b/b8/BBPE.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the portrait&lt;/a&gt; of a stylish Russian rock’n’roll singer &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeri_Syutkin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Valeri Syutkin&lt;/a&gt; in the Obama election campaign altered colors with the abbreviation ’BBPE’ which is the abbreviation of the above rude phrase transliterated into the Latin alphabet. The image was used in the social networks to troll &lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.to/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;camwhores&lt;/a&gt;. And later, in December 2014, the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media of the Russian Federation applied to the court with a lawsuit against the Internet encyclopedia Lurkmore to make the encyclopedia delete &lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.to/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the article&lt;/a&gt; about that BBPE meme, explaining that Syutkin cannot bear his mom's distress when she learned what her son's portrait is used for. However, the court rejected the claim, and another meme appeared, the one you are asking about. The image shows the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com.ua/search?q=%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86i%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%A3%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8A&amp;amp;es_sm=93&amp;amp;source=lnms&amp;amp;tbm=isch&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=OuzlVMvfBOL7ywPc9oK4DQ&amp;amp;ved=0CAkQ_AUoAg&amp;amp;biw=1024&amp;amp;bih=653&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Дореволюцiонный Совѣтчикъ&lt;/a&gt; – The Pre-Revolution Adviser – also a meme, an aristocratic-looking guy speaking the pre-1917 aristocratic archaic language using the old spelling. ‘The electrical telegraph’ obviously means ‘the Internet’, and the meme mentioned there is the BBPE image.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now you can see that to understand the text the understanding of at least four other Internet memes is needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-02-19T15:09:47.927" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8225" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8215" CreationDate="2015-02-20T00:57:41.330" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found the original text and this is what the speaker, a murderer, says a few sentences before:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'The outside world means nothing, only the interior world is real. It is utterly compelling, compulsive. Nothing can pull you back from the edge. Not laws or threats of punishment, morality, religion, fear of death. All of those things are as meaningless as the life that you're about to extinguish.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems to confirm the idea that this is about not being challenged in the sense of something requiring your best abilities and being a potential respectable achievement, but in the sense of having the challenge to you from those who object (or have the potential to object) to your actions. In my dictionary it gives a good and concise definition of the verb 'challenge' in this sense as 'to invite to prove or justify something' and of the noun 'challenge' as 'a summons to prove or justify something'. That nuance, 'summons' is good in pushing it beyond 'invite' to something more authoritative, cooercive or just dictated by circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He has crossed that line of murdering someone and now feels unrestrained by any appeal to him from any law, morality, religion, fear, whatever, i.e. 'unchallenged by divine or secular power'. So something with the idea of 'unlimited' or 'unrestrained' might be reasonable, but loses some hue of meaning. Creating a phrase to convey the idea seems necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но тогда найдёшь, что больше не сдерживает тебя божественная или светская сила.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're really just looking for the other meaning of 'challenging' or 'unchallenging' as I mentioned above, then in all my time in Russia I've never encountered a complete translation of it without some kind of explanation seeming necessary to be absolutely precise. Like 'unchallenging work' would just perhaps be 'нетрудная и неинтересная работа' maybe too you could say that such work 'не соответствует моим способностям', i.e. 'is not in accordance with my capabilities'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it's clear to me, as a native English speaker with a lot of experience in making precise sense of texts, that in this text it really isn't that meaning, but the one of no longer being asked to justify himself, no longer being called to account by, being held back by, any divine or secular power.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe in fact those concepts could be used, i.e. to no longer have to answer for or account for yourself before any divine or secular power; like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но тогда найдёшь, что уже не приходиться отчитываться перед божественной или светской силой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5076" LastEditorUserId="5076" LastEditDate="2015-02-20T01:06:46.333" LastActivityDate="2015-02-20T01:06:46.333" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8215" CreationDate="2015-02-20T08:17:27.337" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess, &lt;em&gt;неподсуден&lt;/em&gt; is a closest you can get with a single adjective in this context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;и вдруг чувствуешь, что уже неподсуден ни небесной, ни земной власти. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-02-20T08:17:27.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8227" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8228" CreationDate="2015-02-20T17:07:39.390" Score="9" ViewCount="494" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do we have to accord the adjectives with the polite form &quot;вы&quot;? Plural or singular? &#xA;Should we, for example, tell a man &quot;вы красивый&quot;, or &quot;вы красивые&quot;? (logically I would use singular, but I want to be sure!!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4482" LastActivityDate="2015-02-21T01:49:59.900" Title="Accordance of the adjectives with the polite form &quot;вы&quot;" Tags="&lt;formality&gt;&lt;согласование&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8227" CreationDate="2015-02-20T17:11:08.933" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The predicate (short) form is mandatorily plural: &lt;code&gt;вы красивы&lt;/code&gt;. However, when full-form adjectives are used colloquially as predicates, singular sounds more natural: &lt;code&gt;вы такая красивая&lt;/code&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-02-20T17:11:08.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8227" CreationDate="2015-02-21T00:02:45.733" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Changing pronoun &quot;ты&quot; to polite form &quot;вы&quot; doesn't affect adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: &#xA;&quot;Вы красивый мужчина&quot; - singular form, masculine gender.&#xA;“Вы красивая женщина” - singular form, feminine gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5081" LastActivityDate="2015-02-21T00:02:45.733" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8227" CreationDate="2015-02-21T01:49:59.900" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In colloquial speech both variants can be used. However, I would prefer to use the first one, especially in formal written language &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5082" LastActivityDate="2015-02-21T01:49:59.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8155" CreationDate="2015-02-21T09:30:50.283" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Тренер до пояса&quot; может означать, что он даёт начальную подготовку до получения спортивного разряда - &quot;пояса&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5083" LastActivityDate="2015-02-21T09:30:50.283" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8232" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-22T08:30:37.580" Score="0" ViewCount="283" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the sentence spoken in this video at 9:58, and what does it mean in English? (It will probably be about painting.) I like the way it sounds. Thanks!&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKC_D4DLTlI&amp;amp;t=9m57s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKC_D4DLTlI&amp;amp;t=9m57s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5088" LastActivityDate="2015-02-22T08:54:35.793" Title="What is the Russian sentence spoken here, and what is the English translation?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2020-01-21T20:23:03.397" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8232" CreationDate="2015-02-22T08:48:47.753" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;She say: &quot;Немножко краска смешивается.&quot; - &quot;A little paint mixed&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5089" LastActivityDate="2015-02-22T08:48:47.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8234" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8232" CreationDate="2015-02-22T08:54:35.793" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is «Немножко краска смешивается.» ~ Paint is getting mixed a little, the paints are mixed a bit. She is talking about colours on the canvas, I think.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2015-02-22T08:54:35.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8235" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8236" CreationDate="2015-02-22T11:33:34.957" Score="10" ViewCount="23017" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was young, I learned that saying &lt;em&gt;&quot;I don't speak Russian.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is as simple as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не говорю по-русски.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, is this polite? Would it be more polite to say something along the lines of &lt;em&gt;&quot;I don't know how to speak Russian.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;? The difference being that the first could be interpreted as not wanting to speak Russian (even when able to do so) while the latter makes it clear that it's about being unable to speak it. Is this a difference that matters in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5090" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T07:41:35.480" Title="Polite way to say I don't speak Russian?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8235" CreationDate="2015-02-22T11:50:08.843" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sentence, “Я не говорю по-русски.” is neutral as for politeness. If you want to make it explicitely polite, the best way to do so is to add &lt;code&gt;извините&lt;/code&gt; (“I'm sorry”) either as the very first or the last word of the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one does not want to speak Russian for some (e. g. political) reasons, it is unlikely that one will inform you about it in Russian, but if one does, it is more likely that the sentence will be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не хочу говорить по-русски. or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не желаю говорить по-русски. (both meaning “I don't want to speak Russian”).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“I don't know how to speak Russian.” is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Я не умею говорить по-русски.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, there is no need to say that so as to look polite, “Я не говорю по-русски.” is not offensive in any way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2015-02-23T00:15:25.810" LastActivityDate="2015-02-23T00:15:25.810" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8235" CreationDate="2015-02-22T15:07:46.400" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Yellow Sky pointed out, the original phrase would probably not be considered as being impolite. However, you could rephrase your statement, to make clear that you simply don't know enough Russian, and say something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Извините), я не (хорошо) знаю русский язык&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which means &quot;&lt;em&gt;(Sorry), I don't know the Russian language (very well)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This way, it can not even be interpreted as not &lt;em&gt;wanting&lt;/em&gt; to speak Russian, but clearly says that you are not &lt;em&gt;able&lt;/em&gt; to speak Russian, which is what you actually wanted to say according to your question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5092" LastActivityDate="2015-02-22T15:07:46.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8235" CreationDate="2015-02-22T15:42:58.293" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best way to go in case you're unsure is to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Извините, я не говорю по-русски.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can assure you that it will be obvious from your accent that you honestly cannot speak.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd strongly advise against saying:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Извините), я не (хорошо) знаю русский язык&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase is incorrect as in it is a word-per-word translation and it won't sound like this in Russian. Although it sure will show that you don't know the language. In case you do speak a little Russian, even if not well, you should say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Извините, я плохо говорю по-русски.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Essentially, don't be afraid that somebody might think that you could speak, but just won't. Your accent will give you right away, and the person you will be communicating with will understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5094" LastActivityDate="2015-02-22T15:42:58.293" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8239" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-23T10:52:39.297" Score="6" ViewCount="425" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if there is really any difference between &quot;чай долго остывал&quot; and &quot;чай долго не остывал&quot;.&#xA;На мой взгляд, в первом случае идет просто констатация факта, а во втором случае делается акцент на том, что нам хочется, чтобы чай быстрее остыл. Поправьте меня, если это не так.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5102" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T16:38:58.653" Title="Is there really any difference between &quot;чай долго остывал&quot; and &quot;чай долго не остывал&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8239" CreationDate="2015-02-23T22:57:58.630" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Разница в общих чертах именно эта — «нам хочется» — но, как мне представляется, она и чуть более формальна. Тут дело в том, какое высказывание в каждом случае противоположно по смыслу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Чай долго остывал&lt;/code&gt; x &lt;code&gt;Чай остывал недолго&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Чай долго не остывал&lt;/code&gt; x &lt;code&gt;Чай быстро остыл&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть во втором случае мы имеем тот чисто отрицательный несовершенный вид, который на самом деле указывает на отсутствие завершенного действия, сродни &lt;code&gt;«ты сломал?» — «я не ломал!»&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;`&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-02-23T22:57:58.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8241" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8239" CreationDate="2015-02-24T01:04:10.557" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your versions, colleagues, are based on the assumption that &lt;code&gt;недолго&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;быстро&lt;/code&gt; are different enough to radically change the meaning of the sentence. What is a way to formalize that «нам хочется»? Do you mean, there is modality in these sentences? Or conjunctivity? Russian hardly operates with such categories, especially when there is no explicit modal or conjunctive words or forms of the words. It is all much more simple.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference here is between what the theme and the rheme in each sentence is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Чай долго остывал:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Theme — &lt;code&gt;чай&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rheme — &lt;code&gt;долго остывал&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Чай долго не остывал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Theme — &lt;code&gt;чай долго&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rheme — &lt;code&gt;не остывал&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Situation (1) looks like this (&lt;strong&gt;theme&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;rheme&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— What was wrong with &lt;strong&gt;the tea&lt;/strong&gt;? Why didn't you drink &lt;strong&gt;the tea&lt;/strong&gt; at once?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— &lt;strong&gt;The tea?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;It&lt;/strong&gt; was &lt;em&gt;hot for a long time&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Situation (2) looks like this (&lt;strong&gt;theme&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;rheme&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— You're late. Were you drinking &lt;strong&gt;the tea for so long&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Yes, &lt;strong&gt;for a long time the tea&lt;/strong&gt; was &lt;em&gt;hot&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, (1) says that cooling was not fast, it was slow, while (2) says that for a long time not cold, not tepid, not warm, but hot was the temperature of the tea. So the opposites are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Чай долго остывал&lt;/code&gt; × &lt;code&gt;Чай быстро остывал/остыл&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Чай долго не остывал&lt;/code&gt; × &lt;code&gt;Чай долго горячим не был&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-02-24T01:04:10.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2428" CreationDate="2015-02-24T10:09:37.037" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me, that within the Russian aspect system there appears  to be a clear morphological distinction between past and non-past formations. A perfective action can only be referenced as completed in the past or expected to have been completed in the future.  Verb formations for both imperfective and perfective aspects have similar constructions.  When first learning Russian, this formation process did not make any sense to me within my understanding of the English tense system. While working on a computer project based on a &quot;single-stem&quot; approach to the Russian verb system (ala Roman Jacobson, i.e., how to generate the forms брать and беру from a single idealized stem бЕрА with a set of ordered rules), I puzzled over the problem of the same formations (conjugations) for both present reference and future reference and decided, for the purposes of my project, to coalesce the perfective and imperfective formations under the terms &quot;past&quot; and &quot;non-past.&quot;  While this tactic does not resolve the issues presented in this discussion, pedagogically it might provide a more comprehensive insight into understanding the Russian verbal system from an English speakers perspective.  After all, remember that the issue of aspect and tense might have some origins with the loss of the Common Slavic aorist tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5106" LastActivityDate="2015-02-24T10:09:37.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8243" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8246" CreationDate="2015-02-24T10:54:59.323" Score="9" ViewCount="420" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the sentence on the T-shirt, &lt;em&gt;После 40° жизнь только начинается!&lt;/em&gt; &lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VQUJE.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;see photo&quot;&gt;, refer to the temperature, i e does it mean &lt;em&gt;Beyond 40 degrees life just starts!&lt;/em&gt; or is there another meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4432" LastActivityDate="2015-02-24T12:33:23.903" Title="Is it temperature or something else?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8243" CreationDate="2015-02-24T11:05:39.837" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it is about vodka.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, there is a well known sentence &quot;после сорока жизнь только начинается&quot; (it is about age).  They humorously changed it to &quot;после сорока градусов&quot;, referring to the percentage of alcohol in vodka.  The volume percent of alcohol is called градус (i.e. крепость водки 40 градусов).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-02-24T11:05:39.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2428" CreationDate="2015-02-24T11:24:40.717" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, this is not an aspect, this is future tense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb forms приду, буду etc cannot be used for present. They are just future forms. The present forms would be прихожу and есть respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The endings might look similar for foreigners, but native speakers clearly distinguish the future forms of the verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="5142" LastEditDate="2015-03-03T19:54:04.580" LastActivityDate="2015-03-03T19:54:04.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8243" CreationDate="2015-02-24T11:44:10.337" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this context the degree (&lt;em&gt;градус&lt;/em&gt;) means volume fraction of ethanol (alcohol) in a beverage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One percent of ethanol by volume corresponds to one degree on Tralles hydrometer, so historically alcohol proof was measured in degrees rather than in percent in Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Minimum proof of 40% ABV (or 40°) had been a standard for Russian vodka since late XIX century, and &quot;40°&quot; (&lt;em&gt;сорок градусов&lt;/em&gt;) is popular metaphor for vodka.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The t-shirt quote is actually a pun on the famous quote from the 1979 Soviet film &quot;Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears&quot; (&lt;em&gt;&quot;Москва слезам не верит&quot;&lt;/em&gt;), told by the protagonist, a woman in her early forties:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;После сорока жизнь только начинается. Это я уже теперь точно знаю.&lt;/em&gt; // Life just begins after 40. Now I know this for a fact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-02-24T11:44:10.337" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8243" CreationDate="2015-02-24T12:33:23.903" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Expedition&quot;(logo seen on T-shirt) is a trade mark. They sell goods for travellers, fishermen etc. So their slogan &quot;После 40 жизнь только начинается&quot; is a bit of wordplay, but not just &quot;vodka&quot;. See, for example, the flask with less ambiguous text directly mentioning those &quot;40 degrees/percent&quot; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ozon.ru/context/detail/id/5023509&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.ozon.ru/context/detail/id/5023509&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-02-24T12:33:23.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8248" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8252" CreationDate="2015-02-24T15:10:49.847" Score="6" ViewCount="221" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reading today's news feed from rbc.ru:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Минфин допустил отказ от услуг рейтинговых агентств&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;«Газпром» допустил прекращение поставок Киеву через два дня&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Правозащитники допустили возвращение Януковичу замороженных активов&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;ОПЕК допустила проведение внеочередного заседания из-за дешевеющей нефти&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I missing something or the authors confuse &lt;em&gt;допустить&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;допустить возможность&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is such usage of &lt;em&gt;допустить&lt;/em&gt; justified?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T01:25:57.853" Title="Is допустить used correctly here?" Tags="&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8249" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8248" CreationDate="2015-02-24T15:21:37.843" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it is not justified but they (press) are going to do it anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When press does not like current events, they tend to try and write about the future, where more interesting things can be imagined. But naturally language doesn't give them enough freedom so they bend it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;«Газпром» допустил прекращение поставок Киеву&quot; means that Газпром has already errorneously stopped deliveries to Киев and should take blame for that - Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;«Газпром» допустил прекращение поставок Киеву через два дня&quot; means Газпром contemplates stopping deliveries in two days for which it doesn't expect blame - Newsspeak.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct Russian form is, of course, &quot;«Газпром» допустил возможность прекращения поставок Киеву через два дня&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-02-24T15:21:37.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8235" CreationDate="2015-02-24T15:24:41.730" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would actually use the form &quot;Извините, не понимаю&quot; - &quot;Sorry, I don't understand&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, it's relatively easy to pronounce and short. Second, it doesn't imply that you may still understand what is told to you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-02-24T15:24:41.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8251" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8248" CreationDate="2015-02-24T16:33:35.457" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would only be justified if they meant &quot;a certain entity let something undesired happen&quot;. From what I've read on their site, it does not seem to be the case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they mean &quot;they cosider the possibility of ...&quot;, the usage is poor to say the least. With their command of Russian it would be safer going for &quot;Минфин может отказаться от услуг рейтинговых агентств&quot;, which does not leave a reader wondering what's going on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2015-02-24T16:33:35.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8252" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8248" CreationDate="2015-02-24T19:10:01.740" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This usage of &lt;em&gt;допустить&lt;/em&gt; as a synonym of &lt;em&gt;допускать возможность&lt;/em&gt; is quite new, but it is becoming widespread in some media, especially in headlines, so it may become the norm at some point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Search on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=site%3Alenta.ru%20%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE&quot;&gt;lenta.ru&lt;/a&gt; shows the dynamics:  before 2013 there is only the traditional usage &lt;em&gt;(to allow)&lt;/em&gt;, but since 2014 only the new one &lt;em&gt;(to consider the possibility)&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Jan 31, 2014 - &lt;a href=&quot;http://lenta.ru/news/2014/01/31/mvd/&quot;&gt;МВД Украины допустило причастность «Беркута» к гибели людей&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Aug 14, 2014 - &lt;a href=&quot;http://lenta.ru/news/2014/08/14/reserve&quot;&gt;Правительство допустило использование продуктов из госрезерва&lt;/a&gt; - Правительство РФ не исключает привлечения товаров из&#xA;  государственного материального резерва....&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=site:kommersant.ru%20%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE&quot;&gt;Коммерсантъ&lt;/a&gt; seems to be more conservative, but nevertheless:     &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Feb 9, 2015 - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2664025&quot;&gt;Министр финансов США допустил смягчение санкций против&#xA;  России&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Jan 29, 2015 - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2656384&quot;&gt;Алексей Улюкаев допустил повышение пенсионного возраста&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other media like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=site%3Ang.ru%20%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE&quot;&gt;Независимая&lt;/a&gt; still follow the stricter rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastEditorUserId="4833" LastEditDate="2015-02-24T21:05:05.590" LastActivityDate="2015-02-24T21:05:05.590" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8248" CreationDate="2015-02-25T06:29:47.170" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your examples are what is called &quot;канцелярит&quot;. Absolutely horrible. If I were the Head of Federal Agency for Press and Mass Communications, I would have already fired all those &quot;knights of the pen&quot; without any dismission pay :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-02-25T06:29:47.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8254" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-25T11:29:55.973" Score="1" ViewCount="350" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вперёд, болты! (Ноль) Федор Чистяков&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.falshivim-vmeste.ru/songs/1177891200.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.falshivim-vmeste.ru/songs/1177891200.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Не попадись под ключ,&#xA; Сегодня нервы сдвинуты.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Значит ли это некий вирусный штамм?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5113" LastActivityDate="2015-02-26T14:36:42.223" Title="Что значит выражение &quot;Не попадись под ключ,&quot;?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8255" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8260" CreationDate="2015-02-25T11:47:43.030" Score="0" ViewCount="697" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can someone recommend a Windows program runnable offline that allows Russian characters to be typed and then cut-and-pasted into other programs, such as for example a text editor or browser?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like, for example, to take part in a chat room where some of the conversation is in Russian and some is in English, and to be able to contribute in both languages more or less on the fly without having to have a second browser window open to run a keyboard program that's online and therefore dependent on its website's accessibility. I'd also like to be able to compose text documents using both languages - again, switching back and forth fast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A program that allows you to type on an onscreen keyboard using a mouse will be fine. One that lets you use your hardware keyboard will also be fine - in fact even better - so long as switching back to English-language keyboard use is quick and unfiddly - for example, if the Russian language facility only works if the program's window is active.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've found a few programs that run online, such as &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.apronus.com/internet/ruskey.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://winrus.com/keyboard.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lexilogos.com/keyboard/russian.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've also looked at &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/7397/typing-russian-on-an-english-keyboard&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt; and the answers to it, but my question is different because I do not want to change my operating system settings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks for any help with this! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5112" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T01:22:10.007" Title="Offline keyboard program for typing Russian and then cut-and-pasting?" Tags="&lt;resources&gt;&lt;software&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8254" CreationDate="2015-02-25T13:09:14.397" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I never heard or read such expression in Russian, probably there is no such expression.  But &lt;code&gt;гeрлы&lt;/code&gt; is colloqual for girls. Therefore, &lt;code&gt;закручивать болты&lt;/code&gt; (to screw bolts) refers to sex. &lt;code&gt;Ключ&lt;/code&gt; is probably an allusion to the famous poem &quot;Дебют&quot; by Joseph Brodsky:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сдав все свои экзамены, она&#xA;к себе в субботу пригласила друга,&#xA;был вечер, и закупорена туго&#xA;была бутылка красного вина.&#xA;&#xA;А воскресенье началось с дождя,&#xA;и гость, на цыпочках прокравшись между&#xA;скрипучих стульев, снял свою одежду&#xA;с непрочно в стену вбитого гвоздя.&#xA;&#xA;Она достала чашку со стола&#xA;и выплеснула в рот остатки чая.&#xA;Квартира в этот час еще спала.&#xA;Она лежала в ванне, ощущая&#xA;&#xA;всей кожей облупившееся дно,&#xA;и пустота, благоухая мылом,&#xA;ползла в нее через еще одно&#xA;отверстие, знакомящее с миром.&#xA;&#xA;2&#xA;&#xA;Дверь тихо притворившая рука&#xA;была -- он вздрогнул -- выпачкана; пряча&#xA;ее в карман, он услыхал, как сдача&#xA;с вина плеснула в недрах пиджака.&#xA;&#xA;Проспект был пуст. Из водосточных труб&#xA;лилась вода, сметавшая окурки.&#xA;Он вспомнил гвоздь и струйку штукатурки,&#xA;и почему-то вдруг с набрякших губ&#xA;&#xA;сорвалось слово (Боже упаси&#xA;от всякого его запечатленья),&#xA;и если б тут не подошло такси,&#xA;остолбенел бы он от изумленья.&#xA;&#xA;Он раздевался в комнате своей,&#xA;не глядя на припахивавший потом&#xA;ключ, подходящий к множеству дверей,&#xA;ошеломленный первым оборотом.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2015-02-25T13:15:24.340" LastActivityDate="2015-02-25T13:15:24.340" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8255" CreationDate="2015-02-25T13:14:09.057" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I use LetterZu since I am already used to it, but installing Russian language would be better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-02-25T13:14:09.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8258" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8254" CreationDate="2015-02-25T13:29:14.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Под ключ&lt;/code&gt; is an &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;idiom&lt;/a&gt; that gets a lot of &quot;commercialese&quot; usage (in real estate ads, etc.); &lt;code&gt;закручивать болты&lt;/code&gt; — or more commonly, &lt;code&gt;закручивать гайки&lt;/code&gt; — has, in its turn, been a political buzzphrase since about the mid-2000s, so the whole thing sounds like vague and obviously innuendo-tinged attempts at puns based on two common and somewhat annoyingly hackneyed expressions. They weren't meant to make a terrible amount of literal sense, or have any particularly nuanced subtexts. Just contemporary Russian songwriting being the glorified madlibs it so often is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: sorry, my conjectures are completely anachronistic, it's a 1989 song, and that band is &lt;em&gt;all about&lt;/em&gt; unsubtle innuendo. Let this be a lesson.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-02-25T13:37:00.993" LastActivityDate="2015-02-25T13:37:00.993" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8254" CreationDate="2015-02-25T14:09:42.280" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%87%D1%83%D1%8E_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%83&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;попасть под горячую руку&lt;/a&gt;. So here it means &lt;em&gt;watch out to not get hit by the wrench&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The text seems to have a sexual implication, but I'm not sure if the wrench has something to do with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2015-02-25T14:09:42.280" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8255" CreationDate="2015-02-25T14:29:07.720" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are ok with using only a hardware keyboard (you memorized russian keys' positions, or have stickers on it) - then you can simply activate a keyboard layout natively in Windows. Go to Control Panel --&gt; Region and Language. Click on Keyboards and Languages tab, then click Change Keyboards. On General tab press Add, find Russian here and tick it. From now on you can switch between keyboard layouts easily (by default Alt+Shift or Ctrl+Shift).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastEditorUserId="4801" LastEditDate="2015-02-26T08:58:53.533" LastActivityDate="2015-02-26T08:58:53.533" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8261" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-25T17:20:15.813" Score="2" ViewCount="283" Body="&lt;p&gt;what case is &quot;Дурака&quot; in &quot;Дурака ему&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5115" LastActivityDate="2015-02-26T13:54:19.583" Title="what case is &quot;Дурака&quot; in &quot;Дурака ему&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8216" CreationDate="2015-02-25T18:10:25.157" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Verbs with infinitive forms which are similar can have non-past endings for 1st person singular and 3rd person plural forms which are not the same; note verbs such as бросать (бросают), сосать (сосут), писать (пишут). Most grammars approach this difference by explaining that many Russian verbs have two underlying stems, a past stem and a non-past (which includes the perfective future forms) stem which must be learned for each verb. This disparity results from underlying historical processes.&#xA;Another approach is to postulate that verbs have a single underlying stem (single-stem approach introduced by Roman Jacobson) whereby the final form is produced using a series of rules which alter the initial state of the stem and ending. Structurally, the latter approach is the most interesting with respect to understanding better the nature of the Russian verb system; however, there are pedagogical issues associated with this approach.  (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lesbaileyev.com/Project/cssRFindex.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.lesbaileyev.com/Project/cssRFindex.html&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5106" LastActivityDate="2015-02-25T18:10:25.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8261" CreationDate="2015-02-26T13:54:19.583" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess in the above-mentioned quote from Гоголь there's actually an ellipsis from &quot;сказать дурака&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...все смотрите, как одурачен городничий! (Скажите) дурака ему, дурака, старому подлецу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;сказать дурака кому-л.&quot; (lit. to say fool to someone) is an obsolete form of &quot;назвать кого-л. дураком&quot; (to call someone a fool), so it's accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1368" LastActivityDate="2015-02-26T13:54:19.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8254" CreationDate="2015-02-26T14:36:42.223" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this context it's clearly sexual:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сегодня мы ждем:&#xA;К нам придут герлы.&#xA;Сегодня мы не спим:&#xA;К нам придут герлы.&#xA;Мы будем вместе с ними закручивать болты,&#xA;...&#xA;Не попадись под ключ&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rough translation (not poetic) looks like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Today we're waiting&#xA;Girls coming&#xA;Today we don't sleep:&#xA;Girls coming&#xA;Together we'll twist bolts&#xA;...&#xA;Don't be caught by wrench&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think with this translation everything is clear enough :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4815" LastActivityDate="2015-02-26T14:36:42.223" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8265" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8266" CreationDate="2015-02-27T16:32:03.383" Score="4" ViewCount="1860" Body="&lt;p&gt;When to translate the word &quot;ask&quot; to Russian as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Спрашивать&lt;/strong&gt; (like in &quot;asking a question&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Просить&lt;/strong&gt; (like in &quot;asking a favor&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How to differentiate these cases? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1306" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-03-03T13:01:57.060" LastActivityDate="2015-03-21T12:27:03.423" Title="When should I use спрашивать and when просить?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8265" CreationDate="2015-02-27T22:05:45.840" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Спрашивать is to ask &lt;strong&gt;about&lt;/strong&gt; something, or to inquire. Просить is to ask &lt;strong&gt;for&lt;/strong&gt; something, or to ask somebody to do something, or to request.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it gets worse, because it would be wrong to translate &amp;quot;to ask a question&amp;quot; as &amp;quot;спрашивать вопрос&amp;quot;. The correct form is &amp;quot;задавать вопрос&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I asked you a question. - Я &lt;strong&gt;задал&lt;/strong&gt; тебе вопрос.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I asked you about your work. - Я &lt;strong&gt;спросил&lt;/strong&gt; тебя о твоей работе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T03:26:43.943" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8270" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-02-28T17:21:36.907" Score="5" ViewCount="199" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't find the meaning of the word 'эмалер' and the verb 'полистывать'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Виталий Петров (Праски ВИТТИ) обременен званиями, международными премиями и известностью среди многочисленных западных и немногочисленных российских &lt;strong&gt;эмалеров&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think эмалер is derived from the German word Maler = painter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Выпускник Мухинского училища никогда не был диссидентом, но журналы соцсодружества и происхождения далее Берлинской стены, как всякий уважающий себя артстудент, начал &lt;strong&gt;полистывать&lt;/strong&gt; еще во время учебы в Чебоксарском художественном училище.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you very much for your help!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5125" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-03-03T18:11:06.600" LastActivityDate="2015-03-03T18:11:06.600" Title="Meaning of эмалер and полистывать" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8270" CreationDate="2015-02-28T18:42:24.590" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a typo here, it should be &quot;среди немногочисленных... &lt;strong&gt;эмальеров&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; from &quot;эмальер&quot;. It somes from &lt;em&gt;эмаль&lt;/em&gt;, which is &quot;enamel&quot;. So the work mentioned here is actually about making enameled objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;полистывать&lt;/strong&gt; — from &quot;листать&quot; (to flip through pages). Such a construction sometimes makes a more cozy coloquial verb &quot;to leisurely do the action once in a while, occasionally and without much work&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for German &quot;Maler&quot;, Russian «маляр» comes from it. But it means a construction worker who does painting (like, painting walls of a builiding)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2015-02-28T18:42:24.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8270" CreationDate="2015-02-28T18:43:44.053" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, &lt;code&gt;эмальер&lt;/code&gt; (a word I wasn't aware of, and hence missed the typo; see Shady_arc's answer) is from &lt;code&gt;эмаль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitreous_enamel&quot;&gt;enamel&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Maler&lt;/i&gt; has entered Russian via Polish as &lt;code&gt;маляр&lt;/code&gt;, and only means a non-artistic painter (one that paints fences, walls, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To &lt;code&gt;полистывать&lt;/code&gt; is to occasionally &lt;code&gt;листать&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;По-&lt;/code&gt;+root+&lt;code&gt;-ыва-&lt;/code&gt; expresses irregularly repeated action, often with a suggestion of a leisurely attitude: &lt;code&gt;поглядывать&lt;/code&gt; &quot;to glance from time to time&quot;; &lt;code&gt;помахивать хвостом&lt;/code&gt; better describes the slow, one-wag-at-a-time action of a cat's tail as opposed to a dog’s more enthusiastic &lt;code&gt;махать хвостом&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-02-28T18:43:44.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8273" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8296" CreationDate="2015-02-28T19:25:31.830" Score="1" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;Известны ли, помимо &lt;code&gt;господарь&lt;/code&gt;&gt;&lt;code&gt;государь&lt;/code&gt;, еще случаи (до распространения аканья, разумеется), когда [о] сужалось в [у]? Может быть, также связанные с выпадением согласного?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T21:04:24.283" Title="[о]&gt;[у] в &quot;господарь&quot;&gt;&quot;государь&quot; — единичный случай?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8255" CreationDate="2015-03-01T01:22:10.007" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The easiest thing is to use on screen keyboard. It is located in Accessibility in Windows XP. But first you need to add a Russian keyboard via Regional and Languages and also add a shortcut to switch between languages. Then go to Accessibility &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/accessibility_options_installs.mspx?mfr=true&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/accessibility_options_installs.mspx?mfr=true&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And choose on screen keyboard. It will show you Russian characters, so its easy to type. No need to stick labels on your actual keyboard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5127" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T01:22:10.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8276" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8277" CreationDate="2015-03-01T05:45:05.353" Score="2" ViewCount="487" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, one way to respond to a question where the answer is obviously yes is to ask back &quot;Is the Pope Catholic?&quot; What is a Russian analogue, i.e., a &lt;em&gt;conventional&lt;/em&gt; question-as-reply for which the answer is clearly affirmative?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A good answer to this question should work, for instance, in both of the following situations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Replying to &quot;I saw Ivan on the bus to the airport. Is he traveling somewhere?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) You are a chemist and someone says to you &quot;There is a username on chemistry.stackexchange that is your first initial and last name. Is that you?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2015-03-01T22:03:43.497" LastActivityDate="2015-03-10T09:13:01.483" Title="Analogue of &quot;Is the Pope Catholic?&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8276" CreationDate="2015-03-01T07:21:11.087" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually something like &quot;А как ты думаешь?&quot; (And how do you think?) with a slight accent pointing that the speaking person actually wonders how &lt;em&gt;else&lt;/em&gt; one can think on such simple question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you mean, if there are more mocking ways to answer some stupid questions, I should say, it depends. But, anyway, in a strictly affirmative form, not in a question-as-reply one. For example, teenager-like slang &quot;Ясен пень!&quot; (Clear stump!) or Odessa-like &quot;Или&quot; (Or).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-03-01T07:26:11.467" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T07:26:11.467" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8278" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8279" CreationDate="2015-03-01T07:34:33.463" Score="2" ViewCount="1626" Body="&lt;p&gt;В домашнем задании попросили привести примеры идиом, свзяанных с едой. Вспомнилось следующее:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ест так, что за ушами свистит&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ну ты и фрукт&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Съесть вместе пуд соли&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он на этом собаку съел&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) являются ли эти примеры идиомами и б) какие еще могут быть примеры подобных идиом?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2372" LastActivityDate="2015-03-06T21:27:39.900" Title="Идиомы, связанные с едой" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8278" CreationDate="2015-03-01T08:44:57.333" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;За ушами &lt;em&gt;трещит&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, а не &quot;&lt;em&gt;свистит&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (во всяком случае, лично я вторую форму никогда не встречал).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Идиомами вроде бы называются только неделимые сочетания, т.е. &quot;собаку съесть&quot;, а не &quot;он на этом собаку съел&quot;. Соответственно, в предыдущем примере &quot;фрукт&quot; - это не идиома, а другое (переносное) значение слова.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примеры навскидку: птичье молоко; молочные реки и кисельные берега.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Как мёдом намазано, как сыр в масле кататься.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-03-01T13:55:55.903" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T13:55:55.903" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8280" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-01T11:17:19.137" Score="4" ViewCount="293" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't find wether the word &quot;нежно&quot; is used for feelings/behaviour (: for ex. &lt;em&gt;she's tender with her children&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;he's a tender husband&lt;/em&gt;) or for materials (: for ex. &lt;em&gt;some tender butter&lt;/em&gt;)...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4482" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T11:36:49.150" Title="Is &quot;нежно&quot; used for feelings/behaviour, or for materials?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8276" CreationDate="2015-03-01T11:18:20.753" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ещё как!  (Ещё какой, ещё какие etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Твой кот - хулиган?&#xA;- Ещё какой!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T11:18:20.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8278" CreationDate="2015-03-01T11:19:27.610" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Идиома - это фраза, чье значение не сводится напрямую к значениям её составных частей. &#xA;Соответственно, вопрос можно понимать двояко. С едой может быть связано &quot;новое&quot; значение идиомы:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;заморить червячка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или исходное значение составляющих идиому слов:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;искать клубничку&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;испить чашу&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;не солоно хлебавши (несолоно хлебавши)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;не по зубам&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2015-03-01T11:24:52.127" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T11:24:52.127" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8278" CreationDate="2015-03-01T11:23:52.167" Score="2" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;иметь свой кусок хлеба (с маслом)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;кусок в горло не лезет&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T11:23:52.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8285" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-01T12:14:54.293" Score="3" ViewCount="214" Body="&lt;p&gt;Искусство - это часть культуры. Культура - более общее понятие. Говорить &quot;культура и искусство&quot; тоже самое что &quot;человек и ноги&quot;. Является ли это нормой?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastActivityDate="2015-04-28T20:00:12.260" Title="Почему &quot;культура и искусство&quot; в одной фразе как равные?" Tags="&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8235" CreationDate="2015-03-01T13:14:01.383" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;One could also say: &quot;Вы знаете, я ничего не понял из того что вы сказали, наверное потому что я не в совершенстве знаю русский язык.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5127" LastEditDate="2015-03-02T22:27:05.040" LastActivityDate="2015-03-02T22:27:05.040" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8280" CreationDate="2015-03-01T13:37:28.863" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &lt;code&gt;нежно&lt;/code&gt; is for behavior and feelings. Also you can use it for describing food: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;нежный вкус (delicate flavour)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For materials use words &lt;code&gt;мягкий&lt;/code&gt; (adjective) and &lt;code&gt;мягко&lt;/code&gt; (adverb).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Rarely the word &lt;code&gt;нежно&lt;/code&gt; could be used for materials in advertising.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T13:37:28.863" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8285" CreationDate="2015-03-01T14:20:14.203" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Лично я воспринимаю это (неуклюжее) выражение, как антитезу понятию &quot;наука&quot; (и, прежде всего, естественным наукам), так как употребляют его обыкновенно в крайне широком, неопределённом смысле, но именно естественные науки (часть культуры!) не входят в него никогда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А что поделать? Некоторые люди прямо-таки бравируют своей невежественностью в математике, физике, химии и пр., но при этом категорически не желают признавать себя малокультурными. Будто бы не про них сказано: негеометр да не войдёт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T14:20:14.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8235" CreationDate="2015-03-01T15:09:01.527" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with the Alexandra Soroca's answer, this is a standard polite form. To make any ordinaly sentence polite you would usually just add polite words as in извините, простите, будьте любезны, пожалуйста и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But never use Я не умею говорить по русски in modern Russia, many people think it's wrong and will try to correct you. It's a living language and what was a norm 40 years ago may not be true today. The thing is that in the past 20 years or so the form - Я не умею говорить на каком то языке became archaic. There is a trend in separating Уметь and Знать. Уметь is mostly applied to manual, skilled labour fields whereas Знать is becoming more associated with intellectual fields. Я не уметь готовить; Я не умею строить дома и т.д. Even though it is perfectly ok to say Я не умею решать задачи по физике more common form is becoming Я не знаю как решать задачи по физике. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if you are interested in different forms of politeness:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A super polite form, which is almost unheard of in Russia for the exception may be St Petersburg would be Простите меня пожалуйста, но я не говорю по русски.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A standard polite form - Извините, я не говорю по русски.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A regular, neutral form - Я не говорю по русски.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A neutral, somewhat rude form - Shrug your shoulders. As a foreigner you will be excused, if you don't speak the language how can you say I don't speak the language.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rude forms - Отстань от меня, я не говорю по русски. Что ты ко мне пристал(а), я не говорю по русски, неужели по мне не видно?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Super rude, offensive forms - Катись-ка ты к чертовой матери, не говорю я по русски. Иди на ***, не говорю я по русски, в пятый раз повторяю.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;:) Add your own versions of polite and rude forms in comments&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5130" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T15:09:01.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8291" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8285" CreationDate="2015-03-01T16:28:08.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Да, является нормой. Это устоявшееся выражение. Если сказать искусство, то это относителльно узкое понятие, а если культура, то это слово очень общее, к тому же имеет не один смысл. Мне кажется когда говорят &quot;культура и искусство&quot;, то этим хотят объять не только искусство, но и другие понятия и ценности близкие к искусству, это выражение очень близко к понятию &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;культурное наследие&quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5127" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-03-03T18:06:18.630" LastActivityDate="2015-03-03T18:06:18.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8239" CreationDate="2015-03-01T16:38:58.653" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если сравнивать с английским, то мне кажется....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;чай долго остывал - it took long for tea to cool down&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;чай долго не остывал - tea stayed hot for a long time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5130" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T16:38:58.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8280" CreationDate="2015-03-01T16:47:25.253" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with the previous answer, it is used primarily to describe an attitude and personal traits. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rarely you would use it for materials things, but not uncommon e.g. нежная одежда, нежная еда, but in these cases нежный is used primarily to say that these are lightweight clothes and delicacy although it can also denote soft clothes, but they still have to be lightweight and pretty like for example lace. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5130" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T16:47:25.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8296" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8273" CreationDate="2015-03-01T21:04:24.283" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One I can think of right away is &lt;em&gt;муравей &amp;lt; моровей &amp;lt; &amp;#42;морвии&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chernykh considers both words (&lt;em&gt;муравей&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;государь&lt;/em&gt;) to be results of folk etymology rather than phonetic development.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-03-01T21:04:24.283" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8276" CreationDate="2015-03-02T02:31:36.820" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A good answer to your both cases could also be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что за вопрос?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can mean &quot;Absolutely! You shoudn't have been asked&quot; or that the answer to a question you have just been asked is obviously 'yes'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3566" LastActivityDate="2015-03-02T02:31:36.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8276" CreationDate="2015-03-02T11:05:12.987" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;More or less neutral way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сам[а]-то как думаешь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do you think?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're irritated by blatantly banal or unpleasant question, you could reply with a statement having opposite meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Как думаешь, в этом месяце опять задержат зарплату?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Нет, блять, премию дадут! Ты продажи-то видел?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Will the salary get delayed again this month, what do you think?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Delayed?! No, you'll get a fucking bonus! Have you seen the sales?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Of course, nobody expects the salary to be paid in time, let alone the bonus)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-03-10T09:13:01.483" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8299" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-02T13:34:27.707" Score="3" ViewCount="466" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is fairly simple question, I know....but what exactly does бывать mean? Some say it means &quot;to be at&quot;, some say it means &quot; to happen&quot;???&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4925" LastActivityDate="2015-03-03T11:18:39.320" Title="Бывать/побывать?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8299" CreationDate="2015-03-02T13:59:36.463" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say &lt;code&gt;бывать&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;to happen&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;to happen to be at&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Летом здесь часто &lt;strong&gt;бывают&lt;/strong&gt; дожди. - It rains often here in summer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я никогда раньше &lt;strong&gt;не бывал&lt;/strong&gt; в Москве. - I have never been to Moscow before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-03-02T13:59:36.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8299" CreationDate="2015-03-02T16:24:53.973" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;«&lt;em&gt;Бывать&lt;/em&gt;»  usually means &lt;em&gt;&quot;to happen&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&quot;to occur&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &lt;em&gt;&quot;to be (occasionally)&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. However, it can be used with modifiers of place, so that the resulting phrase is translated as &lt;em&gt;&quot;to be at somewhere&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;«он бывает просто невыносим»&lt;/em&gt;  - &lt;em&gt;&quot;sometimes he is just impossible&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;«этот праздник бывает нечасто»&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;&quot;this holiday does not occur often&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;«он бывает дома только ночью»&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;&quot;he is at home only by night&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastEditorUserId="4630" LastEditDate="2015-03-03T11:18:39.320" LastActivityDate="2015-03-03T11:18:39.320" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8299" CreationDate="2015-03-02T22:32:50.143" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Or you can say &quot;Бывает&quot; by one word, what means &quot;It can happen&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5139" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-03-03T01:57:27.857" LastActivityDate="2015-03-03T01:57:27.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8303" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8304" CreationDate="2015-03-04T22:07:54.380" Score="3" ViewCount="352" Body="&lt;p&gt;An acquaintance told me that when I say &lt;em&gt;кроме того&lt;/em&gt; she think she's hearing the news. Is there an alternative other than  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lingvo-online.ru/en/Translate/en-ru/moreover&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;сверх того&lt;/a&gt;? Or is the latter cool enough? I suppose not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2015-03-04T22:44:58.970" LastActivityDate="2015-03-05T10:39:14.740" Title="How to say an informal &quot;кроме того&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;slang&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8303" CreationDate="2015-03-04T22:33:38.670" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most colloquial substitution for &lt;code&gt;кроме того&lt;/code&gt; meaning 'and also' is &lt;code&gt;[а] ещё&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я ел пиццу, &lt;strong&gt;кроме того&lt;/strong&gt; я пил пиво. = Я ел пиццу, &lt;strong&gt;а ещё&lt;/strong&gt; я пил пиво.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нравятся детективы, &lt;strong&gt;кроме того&lt;/strong&gt; я люблю фантастику. = Мне нравятся детективы, &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt; я люблю фантастику.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;code&gt;[а] ещё&lt;/code&gt; in this meaning can easily be substituted with a mere &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я ел пиццу, &lt;strong&gt;кроме того&lt;/strong&gt; я пил пиво. = Я ел пиццу &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; пил пиво.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Кроме того&lt;/code&gt; can also mean 'apart from' in the construction &lt;code&gt;Кроме того, что … , [так] … .&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кроме того&lt;/strong&gt;, что ты дурак, &lt;strong&gt;[так]&lt;/strong&gt; ты ещё и лжец! – Apart from being a fool, you're also a liar!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be substituted by the colloquial construction &lt;code&gt;не только … , но и … .&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кроме того, что&lt;/strong&gt; ты дурак, &lt;strong&gt;[так]&lt;/strong&gt; ты ещё и лжец! = Ты &lt;strong&gt;не только&lt;/strong&gt; дурак, &lt;strong&gt;но и&lt;/strong&gt; лжец!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-03-05T10:39:14.740" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8305" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-05T09:40:58.473" Score="3" ViewCount="2675" Body="&lt;p&gt;Тему прилагательных описывающих запахи и звуки в русском языке можно обсуждать бесконечно. Я сужу вопрос до трёх прилагательных:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сильный (запах)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Острый (запах)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Резкий (запах)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Одно ли это и тоже, или есть различия? Скажем, может запах быть острым, но не сильным? Или сильным но не острым? Также мы можем рассмотреть другие возможные пары (острый - резкий) и  (резкий - сильный).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Словари русского языка в этом вопросе помогают слабо. Например, у Ожегова мы находим под заголовком &quot;острый&quot;: &quot;5. Сильно действующий на вкус или обоняние&quot;. Искать там слово &quot;сильный&quot; - просто бесполезно. Оно там есть, но категория запаха отдельно не выделена. Похожая ситуация и с другими словарями.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С лингвистической точки зрения, слова описывающие запахи и звуки заметно различаются в разных языках и вызывают трудности при переводе. И тем не менее, давайте разберёмся в этом частном случае: три слова, один язык.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2372" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-24T09:12:29.020" LastActivityDate="2019-09-24T09:12:29.020" Title="Разница между &quot;сильный&quot;, &quot;острый&quot; и &quot;резкий&quot; (запах)" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8305" CreationDate="2015-03-05T10:40:33.787" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сильный запах - количественная характеристика, запах, отличающийся силой, амплитудой. Причем, относительно среднего, нормального, ожидаемого уровня того же запаха. Например, &quot;в квартире стоял сильный запах газа&quot;. При этом сам запах мог быть едва уловимым, но поскольку запах газа в квартире вообще не ожидается, его можно назвать &quot;сильным&quot;, так как запах газа свидетельствует о его большой концентрации. При этом подчеркивается именно уровень запаха, а не его качественные особенности. Сильный запах может быть приятным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Резкий запах - качественная характеристика. Запах, отличающийся от других запахов, привлекающий внимание, выделяющийся, часто неприятный. Например, у фекалий, у чеснока резкий запах, всегда. Можно сказать &quot;у моей кошки резкий запах&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Острый запах - я бы сказал, то же самое, что и резкий, но связанный с опасностью, настораживающий. Например, нельзя сказать, что у кошки острый запах. А вот острый запах гари вполне может быть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-03-05T10:45:42.633" LastActivityDate="2015-03-05T10:45:42.633" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8305" CreationDate="2015-03-05T13:45:05.107" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Перефразируя известное высказывание Фрэнка Заппы о разговорах про музыку, можно сказать, что и говорить о запахах — это всё равно что танцевать об архитектуре. Запахи называются по объекту или веществу их издающему, а все прилагательные, описывающие запахи, являются сугубо субъективными, один и тот же запах может одному человеку казаться родным и вызывающим тёплые воспоминания о детстве, другому же он может казаться неприятным и настораживающим.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Насчёт сильного запаха я согласен с &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/194/anixx&quot;&gt;Anixx&lt;/a&gt;, но вот что резкий запах часто неприятный, с этим можно поспорить, не говоря уже о том, что кошки вообще-то не пахнут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из лесу струёй бил &lt;strong&gt;резкий запах&lt;/strong&gt; тающего снега, прелых листьев. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%F0%E5%E7%EA%E8%E9%20%E7%E0%EF%E0%F5&amp;amp;docid=84598&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Юрий Коваль. Лесник Булыга (1985)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нет, это какой-то особый, более &lt;strong&gt;резкий запах&lt;/strong&gt;, но он настолько приятный и раздражающий, что возле булочной слюна наполняет рот. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%F0%E5%E7%EA%E8%E9%20%E7%E0%EF%E0%F5&amp;amp;docid=45210&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Полина Барскова. Черный свет: проблема темноты в блокадном Ленинграде // «Неприкосновенный запас», 2010&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ночью &lt;strong&gt;резкий запах моря&lt;/strong&gt; добивал далеко вглубь земли, утром я нырял в маске, летал над песочными полями… &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%F0%E5%E7%EA%E8%E9%20%E7%E0%EF%E0%F5&amp;amp;docid=20985&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Александр Терехов. Каменный мост (1997-2008)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Странный &lt;strong&gt;резкий запах&lt;/strong&gt; идет от него ― смолистый, густой, веселый, ошеломительный запах-дурман. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%F0%E5%E7%EA%E8%E9%20%E7%E0%EF%E0%F5&amp;amp;p=1&amp;amp;docid=20743&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Дина Рубина. На солнечной стороне улицы (1980-2006)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Резкий – это такой, который режет, вызывает сильные чувства, а уж какими эти чувства могут быть, тут всё зависит от того, кто этот запах воспринимает (слышит? чует?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Острый запах не обязательно связан с опасностью, не всегда настораживающий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В доме поселился непривычный &lt;strong&gt;острый запах младенца&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%CE%F1%F2%F0%FB%E9%20%E7%E0%EF%E0%F5&amp;amp;p=1&amp;amp;docid=20822&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Михаил Шишкин. Всех ожидает одна ночь (1993-2003)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или: «Иду лесом к речке ― &lt;strong&gt;острый запах земляники&lt;/strong&gt;: метрах в десяти (свидетельство вашего звериного обоняния) за кочкой поляна ― вот такие ягоды, как лаком облитые, ослепительные. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%CE%F1%F2%F0%FB%E9%20%E7%E0%EF%E0%F5&amp;amp;docid=46366&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Анатолий Найман, Галина Наринская. Процесс еды и беседы. 100 кулинарных и интеллектуальных рецептов // «Октябрь», 2003&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако, в большинстве случаев (не буду приводить &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%CE%F1%F2%F0%FB%E9%20%E7%E0%EF%E0%F5&amp;amp;p=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;цитаты&lt;/a&gt;) острым называют запах ассоциирующийся с кислым или солёным вкусом – запах пота, дыма, сгоревшего пороха, летучих веществ – лаков, красок, аммиака, бензина, лекарств.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И ещё раз хотел бы сказать, всё, связанное с запахами, глубоко субъективно. Возможно, у дегустаторов есть специальная терминология для описания запахов, но в обычной речи и в художественной литературе один и тот же запах могут описывать совершенно разными прилагательными, часто диаметрально противоположными.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-03-05T13:45:05.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8308" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-05T16:22:24.040" Score="3" ViewCount="388" Body="&lt;p&gt;What might be the best or easiest constructed language to learn to help me learn Russian, and why? I have this suspicion that learning another related language can help me understand the Russian mindset better. Also, the cases are a major thing for me to get used to. What are your thoughts on this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a night's sleep, I think what's going to help me a lot is if I can construct a language that's a cross between my native language and Russian, or even an English-Russian pidgin that uses the English vocabulary with &quot;latinized&quot; Russian conjugations and declensions. That could also be a lot of fun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4702" LastEditorUserId="4702" LastEditDate="2015-03-06T05:02:29.170" LastActivityDate="2015-03-15T19:48:42.343" Title="Best Conlang for helping with Russian learning?" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8308" CreationDate="2015-03-05T19:24:35.163" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would suggest Bulgarian. First, it is another Slavic language and it uses Cyrillic script. Second, the Old (Church) Slavonic language influenced Russian a lot, and it is very close to Bulgarian, since they both are South Slavic languages. It would be very helpful (in terms of vocabulary, morphology and spelling) to learn the similarities and differences between Russian and Bulgarian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now about cases. In Russian, cases do the job that prepositions in English do. Cases indicate relations between words. For example, Genitive case establishes, among some others, possessive relations, similar to the English preposition &quot;of&quot;. Dative indicates direction of an action (not only, but mainly this): to. Accusative is for direct object (I saw her, her in English is in Accusative as well). Instrumental is basically for by/with relations. And prepositional for &quot;about/of&quot;. This is a very simplified version of the Russian case system, but I hope it may help you to grasp the idea. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4884" LastActivityDate="2015-03-05T19:24:35.163" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1605" CreationDate="2015-03-05T21:23:40.443" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think I've heard people sometimes use the expression &quot;сарафанное радио&quot; as a synonym for viral marketing -- though I think the expression predates viral marketing (and originally meant something closer to &quot;hearsay&quot; or &quot;word of mouth&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1632" LastActivityDate="2015-03-05T21:23:40.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2593" CreationDate="2015-03-06T04:30:56.820" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;тока = is translating as = just, (right now), for the record guys, I'm russian )) = middle type smile)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5151" LastActivityDate="2015-03-06T04:30:56.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8313" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8315" CreationDate="2015-03-06T08:31:37.060" Score="13" ViewCount="761" Body="&lt;p&gt;When to use one or the other, and in wich context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5153" LastActivityDate="2015-03-18T10:44:10.467" Title="Difference between грусть, печаль, тоска?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8313" CreationDate="2015-03-06T09:33:32.373" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although the dictionaries can write about some minor differencies, all these words are very close synonyms. Consider the following excerpts from Pushkin:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Князь печально отвечает:&#xA;  &quot;Грусть-тоска меня съедает...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне грустно и легко; печаль моя светла;&#xA;  Печаль моя полна тобою&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion грусть is indefinite, печаль - some bad feeling implied by objective circumstances (from печа = care), and тоска - feeling lonely, missing for smth. Although the dictionaries seem to insist on another meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-03-06T09:33:32.373" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8313" CreationDate="2015-03-06T09:39:55.207" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's broaden your set of dark and depressive feelings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Грусть&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ≈ sadness. The shortest and the lightest. May be caused by bad weather or a sad film/song/book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне грустно от этой книги.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Серое осеннее небо навеяло на него грусть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Тоска&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ≈ melancholy, depression. May be caused by a separation with someone or something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я тоскую по любимой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его съедала тоска по родине.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Уныние&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ≈ despondency, dejection, melancholy. Can be result of &lt;em&gt;грусть&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt;тоска&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt;печаль&lt;/em&gt;. Characterized by ultimate lack of motivation. May be caused or result in apathy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не впадай в уныние - все еще можно исправить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хватит унывать - начни что-нибудь менять!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Печаль&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ≈ grief, sorrow. Somewhere between &lt;em&gt;грусть&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt;тоска&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt;уныние&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Печально видеть результаты ваших ссор.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он бы опечален грустной вестью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Скорбь&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ≈ sorrow, grief. In most cases is caused by a loss of a close person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он был удивительно светлым человеком, я скорблю вместе с вами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-03-06T10:40:01.610" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8278" CreationDate="2015-03-06T21:27:39.900" Score="3" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;на хлеб (в контексте &quot;зарабатывать на хлеб&quot;, иногда чуть иронично - &quot;на хлеб с маслом&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;как не в себя (ест как не в себя)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;чёрным по красному (подразумевается чёрной икрой по красной - означает высшую степень достатка)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;порубить в капусту (мелко нарезать, чаще всего оппонентов)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;сытый голодного не разумеет (не понимает)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;кашу маслом не испортишь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;каши просит (прохудилось, разорвалось - в отношении обуви)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;нажраться в хлам (сильное алкогольное опьянение)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;хлеб с солью (встречать с хлебом-солью)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;когда я ем я глух и нем (не говорить во время еды)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;чепуха на постном масле&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;кормить завтраками &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;на убой (кормить как на убой - то есть до объедения)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пальчики оближешь (вкусно)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;масло масленное (повтор, тавтология)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;горе луковое (не настоящая проблема)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;как мёдом намазано (очень сильно кого-то притягивает - обычно неодобрительно)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;не первой свежести (протухшее)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4785" LastActivityDate="2015-03-06T21:27:39.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8318" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8319" CreationDate="2015-03-09T19:37:50.913" Score="2" ViewCount="403" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Cannot add comments to this post; site is read-only&quot; &#xA;&quot;This post has been deleted; deleted posts can't be voted on&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could be translated as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;«Сайт в режиме только для чтения — добавление комментариев невозможно»&#xA;«Сообщение удалено — голосование за удалённые сообщения невозможно»&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it look right to you?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="348" LastActivityDate="2015-03-10T05:02:30.413" Title="Is it common to use em-dash to translate English sentences with a semicolon to Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8318" CreationDate="2015-03-09T20:51:07.357" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, here it looks correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тире ставится между предложениями, не соединёнными посредством союзов,&#xA;  если второе предложение заключает в себе результат или вывод из того,&#xA;  о чём говорится в первом, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Хвалы приманчивы — как их не пожелать? (Крылов).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Солнце взошло — начинается день (Некрасов).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Semicolon is not very popular mark in Russian, avoiding it is generally a right way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2015-03-09T20:51:07.357" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8318" CreationDate="2015-03-09T21:20:51.660" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rules for semicolon in Russian language are quite complicated, but generally are: use semicolon instead of comma when you have too many commas in your sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case there are no commas, so no need to use semicolon (from Russian point of view).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2015-03-09T21:20:51.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8318" CreationDate="2015-03-10T04:39:29.400" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;as far as I know, one need to use a colon in the first sentence instead of a dash, because a colon is used if the second part of a complex sentence has some explanation or reason for what is said in the first part. So:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Cannot add comments to this post (some fact)&#xA;site is read-only (reason for the fact from the first part)&#xA;&#xA;Добавление комментариев невозможно: сайт в режиме только для чтения&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example you swapped parts in the translation, so it is correct to use a dash there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сайт в режиме только для чтения — добавление комментариев невозможно&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used this reference &lt;a href=&quot;http://4-5plus.ru/teorija/189-tirebdvoetochie.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;4-5plus.ru&lt;/a&gt;, (clause 3.2):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.2. Если вторая часть указывает на основание, причину того, о чем говорится в первой части (между частями можно вставить потому что):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Всю дорогу до хутора молчали: говорить мешала тряская езда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;3.2. if the second part points to basement, foundation, reason for what is said in the first part&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Всю дорогу до хутора молчали: говорить мешала тряская езда.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;All the way to a hamlet was silent: a bumpy way prevented a talk&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-03-10T04:50:17.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8318" CreationDate="2015-03-10T05:02:30.413" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For your examples, especially the second one I definitely would use just a comma. Dash does not look correct here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-03-10T05:02:30.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8202" CreationDate="2015-03-12T12:30:48.467" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure, but I think, neuter form of verb in cases like this are used for something like passive voice. Compare following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пашу всю дорогу тошнило&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Паша всю дорогу читал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;один из моторов заело&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;один из моторов сломался&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-03-12T12:30:48.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8327" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8328" CreationDate="2015-03-12T16:51:27.243" Score="5" ViewCount="551" Body="&lt;p&gt;В Викисловаре &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;пишут&lt;/a&gt;, что слово происходит от древнерусского &lt;code&gt;обитати&lt;/code&gt;. Я недавно начал учить французский, там есть похожее слово с таким же значением - &lt;code&gt;habiter&lt;/code&gt; (жить, обитать), которое, в свою очередь, происходит от &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/habiter&quot;&gt;латинского&lt;/a&gt; слова &lt;code&gt;habitō&lt;/code&gt;. Имеют ли эти слова какие-то более древние общие корни?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastEditorUserId="4481" LastEditDate="2015-03-12T17:00:48.410" LastActivityDate="2015-03-12T18:05:19.587" Title="Этимология слова &quot;обитать&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8327" CreationDate="2015-03-12T18:05:19.587" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, the French and the Russian words are not etymologically connected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The French word derives from Latin &lt;em&gt;habito&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;I have repeatedly&quot;) which in its turn derives from &lt;em&gt;habeo&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;I have&quot;) and ultimately from PIE &lt;em&gt;&amp;#042;gʰabʰ/gʰebʰ-&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;to give&quot;). This word is akin to English &quot;to give&quot; and OCS &lt;em&gt;гобина&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;vast harvest&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the &quot;t&quot; inside the word is a sign of frequentative, a Latin innovation. Compare &lt;em&gt;canto&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;I sing repeatedly&quot;) &amp;lt; &lt;em&gt;cano&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;I sing&quot;), &lt;em&gt;dicto&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;I say repeatedly&quot;) &amp;lt; &lt;em&gt;dico&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;I say&quot;) etc. These words are related to English &quot;cantata&quot;, &quot;hen&quot;, &quot;dictator&quot; and &quot;teach&quot;, respectively, but &quot;cantata&quot; and &quot;dictator&quot; have their ancestors originated in Latin and were borrowed with the Latin-originated &lt;em&gt;t&lt;/em&gt;, while &quot;hen&quot; and &quot;teach&quot; were developed from the same PIE roots independently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian word can be traced to its Proto-Slavic ancestor &lt;em&gt;&amp;#042;vitati&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;to dwell&quot;) which is akin to Baltic words meaning &quot;place&quot;, but no further to PIE.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-03-12T18:05:19.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8331" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-14T08:14:22.930" Score="8" ViewCount="921" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't find any good translations of the following sentence. Please, help me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5191" LastActivityDate="2015-03-14T11:26:35.990" Title="What does я нажигаю через водный mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8331" CreationDate="2015-03-14T08:56:16.710" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Highly slangy; new to me too. Apparently it refers to smoking a bong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-03-14T08:56:16.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8331" CreationDate="2015-03-14T10:48:32.760" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;A slang. &lt;em&gt;Водный&lt;/em&gt; [vˈodnᵻj] (also: &lt;em&gt;водник, водяной, мокрый&lt;/em&gt;, in a broader sense: &lt;em&gt;бульбулятор, булик, бульб, буль&lt;/em&gt;) is homemade smoking device. Usually refers to smoking marijuana. I do not know how it is properly called in English and attach a photos.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Au6CL.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZtGdN.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/khUVG.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;я нажигаю через водный&quot; = I smoke through the '&lt;em&gt;Водный&lt;/em&gt;'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1715" LastEditorUserId="1715" LastEditDate="2015-03-14T11:26:35.990" LastActivityDate="2015-03-14T11:26:35.990" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8308" CreationDate="2015-03-15T19:48:42.343" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Better not. If you want to learn how to ride a bike - just ride a bike. The only thing that I can recommend - is Russian for children. It is easier to Russian. There are a lot of &lt;a href=&quot;http://lib.ru/TALES/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. If you will have difficulties, &lt;em&gt;russian.stackexchange.com&lt;/em&gt; always at your service.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1715" LastActivityDate="2015-03-15T19:48:42.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8335" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-16T21:57:02.860" Score="3" ViewCount="739" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm doing a little project comparing Russian hard and soft sounds.  A source tells me that сок means juice, which I believe is correct.  This source also tells me that  there's a word that sounds like &quot;syok&quot; that means, &quot;he lashed&quot;.  I can't seem to find it in the dictionary.  Is there a word like this?  Or does it mean something else?  Do you know how it's spelled in Russian?  Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5200" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T07:54:34.933" Title="Is there a word that sound like сёк?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8335" CreationDate="2015-03-16T22:29:24.093" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there is verb &quot;сечь&quot;, which means &quot;to lash&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Cёк&quot; is past tense and masculine-gendered form of it and, therefore, means &quot;He lashed&quot; (formally speaking, &quot;he lashed&quot; will be &quot;он сёк&quot; in Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5150" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-03-17T03:48:14.690" LastActivityDate="2015-03-17T03:48:14.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8335" CreationDate="2015-03-17T07:55:57.570" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сёк (or sometimes сек - if the author of a text does not use ё) - is a verb which means that somebody was striking something (or somebody) with a scourge. Он сек = he was striking (with a scourge).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5202" LastEditorUserId="4801" LastEditDate="2015-03-18T21:30:59.640" LastActivityDate="2015-03-18T21:30:59.640" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8335" CreationDate="2015-03-17T13:28:19.917" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Etymologically speaking, &lt;strong&gt;сёк&lt;/strong&gt; (&gt;&lt;strong&gt;сечь&lt;/strong&gt;) comes from the Indo-European root *sek- &lt;em&gt;cutting&lt;/em&gt;, from which English derives words such as &lt;strong&gt;sock&lt;/strong&gt; (in the sense of hitting), &lt;strong&gt;saw&lt;/strong&gt; (both the tool and the use of it), derived forms with -&lt;strong&gt;sect(ion)&lt;/strong&gt; (as in surgical removal, &lt;em&gt;dissect&lt;/em&gt;, etc.), &lt;strong&gt;sect&lt;/strong&gt; (as in a cutoff group or offshoot) and yes &lt;strong&gt;sex&lt;/strong&gt; (as in the division between the genders). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-03-17T13:28:19.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8280" CreationDate="2015-03-18T18:20:52.400" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can absolutely be applied to both material and interpersonal things. It is more common/proper to be used for the interpersonal. But it could just as well be used playfully/in jest towards something material.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5211" LastActivityDate="2015-03-18T18:20:52.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8280" CreationDate="2015-03-19T11:36:49.150" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Someone&lt;/em&gt; is right in his comment to the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Common uses of &lt;strong&gt;нежный&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;нежно&lt;/strong&gt; are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Feeling itself (your suggested &amp;quot;feelings/behaviour&amp;quot; case):&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...Во тьме твои глаза блистают предо мною,&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Мне улыбаются, и звуки слышу я:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Мой друг, мой &lt;strong&gt;нежный&lt;/strong&gt; друг... люблю... твоя... твоя!.. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stihi-rus.ru/Pushkin/stihi/155.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...Любовь &lt;strong&gt;нежна&lt;/strong&gt;?! Она груба, порочна,&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Остра, как шип, и, словно тень, притворна... (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Something expressing such feeling:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...Готов принять разлуку, смерть, отчаянье&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;За &lt;strong&gt;нежный&lt;/strong&gt; взгляд, за свежесть милых уст... (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...Звучал мне долго голос &lt;strong&gt;нежный&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;И снились милые черты... (&lt;a href=&quot;http://rupoem.ru/pushkin/ya-pomnyu-chudnoe.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Physical characteristic (your suggested &amp;quot;tender butter&amp;quot; case, literally):&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Даже используемое для омаров &lt;strong&gt;нежное&lt;/strong&gt; сливочное масло облагорожено травками с кислинкой. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/711254&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shade of color:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тогда в ней, как в гигантском зеркале, отражается далёкое &lt;strong&gt;нежно&lt;/strong&gt;-голубое небо... (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find more meanings for &lt;strong&gt;нежный&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian descriptive dictionaries: &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/dmitriev/2742&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link 1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://popular.academic.ru/2269/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link 2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/mas/33397&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link 3&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T11:36:49.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8344" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8347" CreationDate="2015-03-19T20:36:18.527" Score="3" ViewCount="208" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can we use &quot;ещë&quot; for repetition, as to say &quot;&lt;em&gt;he came once again today&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, or &quot;&lt;em&gt;they once again received as strange letter&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, or only for continuity? (= for ex: &quot;&lt;em&gt;It's 10 in the night, but she's still working&lt;/em&gt;&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4482" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T21:35:47.053" Title="Can &quot; ещë &quot; be used for repetition?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8344" CreationDate="2015-03-19T20:56:18.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. For example, your phrase &quot;he came once again today&quot; can be translated as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сегодня он приходил ещё раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T20:56:18.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8346" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8348" CreationDate="2015-03-19T21:24:10.900" Score="4" ViewCount="846" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a multiple question on the following verses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дружба&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что дружба? Лeгкий пыл похмелья,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Обиды вольный разговор,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Обмен тщеславия, безделья&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Иль покровительства позор.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;А. С. Пушкин&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this translation faithful?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What's friendship? The hangover's faction,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The gratis talk of outrage,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Exchange by vanity, inaction&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Or bitter shame of patronage. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/friendship/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Source of the translation&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be more specific, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I found no traces of &lt;em&gt;легкий&lt;/em&gt; (slight)  there. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is the word &lt;em&gt;похмелья&lt;/em&gt; really meaning hangover (like that the day after drinking)? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I find like the noun in genitive before the noun in nominative. Is the meaning of the second line the same as the inverted order, i.e. &lt;em&gt;вольный разговор oбиды&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastActivityDate="2015-03-26T21:45:05.777" Title="Дружба by Pushkin" Tags="&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8344" CreationDate="2015-03-19T21:35:47.053" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &quot;ещë&quot; can be used for repetition, but usually in form of &quot;ещë раз&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;he came once again today&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; can be translated as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сегодня он пришел еще раз&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is better translation though: &quot;Сегодня он снова приходил&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;they once again received a strange letter&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; can be translated as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они получили странное письмо еще раз&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Better translation is &quot;Они опять получили странное письмо&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5217" LastActivityDate="2015-03-19T21:35:47.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8346" CreationDate="2015-03-19T23:15:34.043" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I found no traces of легкий (slight) there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, apparently it was omitted for the rhyme. It should be &quot;slight hangover's faction&quot; meaning apparently slight conflict between the friends the day after drinking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is the word похмелья really meaning hangover (like that the day after&#xA;  drinking)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I find like the noun in genitive before the noun in nominative. Is the&#xA;  meaning of the second line the same as the inverted order, i.e.&#xA;  вольный разговор oбиды?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the literal translation should be &quot;the wild talk of resentment&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-03-22T08:18:57.377" LastActivityDate="2015-03-22T08:18:57.377" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8265" CreationDate="2015-03-21T12:20:02.680" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Спрашивать&lt;/code&gt; is to ask a question.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Просить&lt;/code&gt; is to ask anything else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Спросил, который час.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Попросил сказать, который час.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Попросил воды.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Спросил, где можно попить воды.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a word &lt;code&gt;запрашивать&lt;/code&gt; which is about information:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;спросил информацию&lt;/code&gt; - WRONG&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;попросил информацию&lt;/code&gt; - WRONG&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;запросил информацию&lt;/code&gt; - RIGHT&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can also use &lt;code&gt;запрашивать&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;просить&lt;/code&gt; in bueracratic contexts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Металлургический комбинат запросил пять тысяч тонн металлолома&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To confise you even more, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in Russian cant language (fenya) the word &lt;code&gt;спрашивать&lt;/code&gt; has entirely different meaning.  Use the word &lt;code&gt;поинтересоваться&lt;/code&gt; instead.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in 19 century, the word &lt;code&gt;спросил&lt;/code&gt; oftenly meant &lt;code&gt;попросил&lt;/code&gt;, i. e.&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он медлил — он спросил огня.&lt;/code&gt; (А. С. Пушкин &quot;Выстрел&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2015-03-21T12:27:03.423" LastActivityDate="2015-03-21T12:27:03.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8351" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-21T17:45:38.527" Score="1" ViewCount="346" Body="&lt;p&gt;In english it is common for me to add a term of endearment to the end of a greeting or goodbye.  What are some common ones for people you casually know or are close to in these situations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say:&#xA;&quot;Hey man&quot; to a guy I know well.&#xA;&quot;Hi baby&quot; (and others) to a girl very close to me.&#xA;&quot;Hello sir&quot; to a man I met.&#xA;Simply &quot;Ma'am (Madam)&quot; to a woman I just met.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5224" LastActivityDate="2017-06-15T15:08:57.763" Title="Casual Terms of Endearment in Greetings" Tags="&lt;приветствия&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8351" CreationDate="2015-03-21T19:12:50.853" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You may use &quot;Здравствуйте&quot; (Hello) or &quot;Доброе утро/Добрый день/Добрый вечер&quot; (Good morning/Good afternoon/Good evening) to greet any person you know or do not know, this is more of respectful greeting than an informal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may use &quot;Привет&quot; (Hi) or &quot;Приветствую&quot; (Greetings) as an informal greeting to the person you know quite well, but never to the person of older age.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you know a person you are greeting, you may use his/her name after the greeting, like &quot;Привет, Саша&quot; (Hi Alex), or &quot;Александр Петрович, здравствуйте&quot;. The order of words does not matter much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In written form, a comma is required between the name and the greeting phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5225" LastActivityDate="2015-03-21T19:12:50.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8351" CreationDate="2015-03-22T07:44:51.357" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Adding a term of endearment&quot; to a greeting is not much common in Russian except for the close relations. Usually you may choose between several forms of greeting (like 'Добрый день', 'Здравствуйте', 'Привет', 'Здоро́во' etc.) and (last but not least) accent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet there exist several &quot;slanguish&quot; forms: &quot;Здоро́во, пацаны&quot; (Hi, pals); &quot;Привет, братан&quot; (Hi bro); &quot;Привет, дружище&quot; (Hi fellow) &quot;Привет, мужики&quot; (Hi buddies); &quot;Эй, земляк&quot; (Hey, man (literally &quot;Hey fellow contryman&quot;)); &quot;Эй, братишка&quot; (Hey bro) and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-03-23T13:00:16.887" LastActivityDate="2015-03-23T13:00:16.887" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8356" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8346" CreationDate="2015-03-23T18:02:05.423" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is the word похмелья really meaning hangover (like that the day after drinking)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's the modern meaning. In Pushkin's times it was rather &quot;drinking, drunkenness&quot;, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Когда для шумного похмелья // Вы соберетесь в праздный час (Боратынский, 1820)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;А ты, вино, осенней стужи друг, // Пролей мне в грудь отрадное похмелье (Пушкин, 1825).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Лeгкий пыл похмелья&quot; simply means &quot;being slightly drunk&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I find like the noun in genitive before the noun in nominative. Is the meaning of the second line the same as the inverted order, i.e. вольный разговор oбиды?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, this is correct. It's customary in poetic speech to move the genitive object forward, e.g. &quot;Европы баловень Орфей&quot;. &quot;вольный&quot; means &quot;open, frank&quot; in this context (guessing here, the whole piece is not clear at all).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1368" LastActivityDate="2015-03-23T18:02:05.423" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8357" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8358" CreationDate="2015-03-23T21:29:14.183" Score="5" ViewCount="311" Body="&lt;p&gt;У Фасмера это предположение никак не озвучивается, и вообще этимология слова &lt;code&gt;дразнить&lt;/code&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://enc-dic.com/fasmer/Draznit-3964.html&quot;&gt;представляется довольно туманной&lt;/a&gt;, а у меня возникло предположение по аналогии с &lt;code&gt;мерзкий&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;мразь&lt;/code&gt;, что это могут быть ступени одного корня с &lt;code&gt;дерзкий&lt;/code&gt;. С другой стороны, тогда слово &lt;code&gt;дразнить&lt;/code&gt; должно было бы быть старославянским, что как-то трудно предположить; также нет никаких следов восточнославянской формы &lt;code&gt;*дорознить&lt;/code&gt;. Понимаю, что это спекуляция, у которой мало шансов оказаться истинной, но не могу найти конкретного опровержения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-03-23T22:47:28.593" Title="Родственны ли слова &quot;дразнить&quot; и &quot;дерзкий&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8357" CreationDate="2015-03-23T22:31:53.290" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Дразнить&lt;/code&gt; — ст. сл. раздражити &amp;lt; протосл. *razdraziti, *razdražati (&amp;lt; *razdrazjati) возможно связано с ие. корнем *der- «драть, деру» в его нулевой степени чередования *draz-.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Дерзкий&lt;/code&gt; — ст. сл. дрьзати &amp;lt; протосл. *dʲr̥zati &amp;lt; ие. *dhr̥su- «смелый, наглый, гордый, сильный», имеющее соответствие в разных ие. языках.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэтому кажется маловероятным этимологическое родство этих слов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А восточнославянской формы *дорознить нет из-за того же, из-за чего нет и формы *дороть вместо «драть»: восточнославянское полногласие возникло из древних звукосочетаний типа &lt;em&gt;tort&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;tolt&lt;/em&gt; при перестройке слогов под действием закона открытых слогов, в нашем же случае имеем древнее звукосочетание dra, которое закону открытых слогов не противоречило и в перестройке не нуждалось, поэтому оно и осталось неизменным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2015-03-23T22:47:28.593" LastActivityDate="2015-03-23T22:47:28.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8359" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8364" CreationDate="2015-03-24T01:53:12.927" Score="5" ViewCount="867" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it correct and usual to use the instrumental case with adjectives when speaking in the past tense? Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я был на конференции, которая была очень &lt;strong&gt;интенсивной&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why not интенсивная?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-09T18:51:14.173" LastActivityDate="2018-09-09T18:51:14.173" Title="Use of the instrumental case with adjectives in the past tense" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;essive&gt;&lt;изобразительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8346" CreationDate="2015-03-24T06:49:11.277" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Interlinear translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is friendship? A slight fire of the carousal,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The insult's unrestrained talk,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  An interchange of vanity and idleness,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Or favour's stain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T06:49:11.277" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8346" CreationDate="2015-03-24T07:24:08.037" Score="0" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Лёгкий = slight. Was omitted in translation&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yes&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.s. that Pushkin dude is known for changing normal words sequence in order to rhythm his poems :-) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;People don't talk like that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4848" LastEditorUserId="4848" LastEditDate="2015-03-24T07:33:59.063" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T07:33:59.063" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8359" CreationDate="2015-03-24T08:29:11.980" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;While this construction is grammatically correct, it sounds awkward and unusual to me because of unnecessary complication. In 95% of cases Russian would rather say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я был на очень интенсивной конференции.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to describe where have you been (at the conference). If you want to emphasize that this conference was very intensive, you'd say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Конференция, на которой я был, была очень интенсивной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Конференция, на которой я был, была очень интенсивна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я съел пиццу, которая была очень вкусной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is unusual. You'd rather say simply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я съел очень вкусную пиццу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пицца, которую я съел, была очень вкусной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пицца, которую я съел, была очень вкусна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T08:29:11.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8363" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8365" CreationDate="2015-03-24T11:51:27.867" Score="9" ViewCount="446" Body="&lt;p&gt;Фразеологический словарь русского литературного языка says, that &quot;стоять над душой&quot; means &quot;мешать, надоедать своим долгим присутствием&quot;. I'm not quite sure what &quot;над душой&quot; (above one's soul?) means literally, or what historical meaning it could have had before becoming an idiom. How did this phrase come to be?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4592" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T19:30:34.747" Title="Origin of &quot;стоять над душой&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8359" CreationDate="2015-03-24T12:14:40.040" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Formally, быть (to be) requires the instrumental when used in the past tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Работа тяжелая (&quot;the job is hard&quot;). The linking &quot;to be&quot; is omitted in the present tense, the adjective is in the nominative).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Работа была тяжелой (&quot;the job was hard&quot;). The linking &quot;to be&quot; is in the past tense, the adjective is in the instrumental).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, colloquially, many people are fine with nominative in the past as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Работа у меня была тяжелая (my job was hard)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back to your example, &quot;интенсивный&quot; doesn't make much sense when applied to a &quot;conference&quot;, but it's perfectly fine to say/write:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;конференция была интересная&quot; in a colloquial context, i.e. talking to a colleague&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;конференция была интересной&quot; in a formal context, i.e. writing a report. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1368" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T12:14:40.040" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8363" CreationDate="2015-03-24T12:32:22.283" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it derived from &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/michelson_old/19418/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9%28%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%29_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;&quot;Не стой надо мной, какъ чортъ надъ душой&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, meaning that someone sticks around a person with a persistence that can be compared to a devil longing for a human soul.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T12:32:22.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8366" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8363" CreationDate="2015-03-24T12:32:38.613" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian there are quite a few idioms mentioning &quot;soul&quot;. E.g. &quot;Души не чаять&quot;, &quot;Душа в пятки ушла&quot; etc. So it doesn't seem strange to mention it one more time ;-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The origin is probably due to the following more complete form: &quot;Не стой надо мной, как чёрт над душой&quot; (Don't stand above me like the devil about the soul).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another (old) meaning of the word &quot;душа&quot; is &quot;serf&quot; like in Gogol's novel &quot;Dead Souls&quot; (which also means &quot;Dead Serfs&quot;). But it doesn't seem to have any connection with idiom you are asking about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T12:32:38.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8363" CreationDate="2015-03-24T12:45:07.927" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In fact, &quot;soul&quot; is not the only meaning of the word &quot;душа&quot;. In classical Russian literature you can often encounter other meanings like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Human (a man, a woman or a child) - &quot;2 души мужеского полу&quot; (and in official documents it is used to describe population of the area), &quot;на улице ни души&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Someone's emotional state - &quot;Ах! сударь, вы душу мне возвращаете!&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(For more meanings you can check &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/797350#%D0%94%D0%A3%D0%A8%D0%900&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I think that &quot;стоять над душой&quot; may mean something like &quot;to make a pressure on someones emotional state&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T12:45:07.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8363" CreationDate="2015-03-24T19:30:34.747" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No one yet mentioned that &lt;code&gt;душа&lt;/code&gt; is also a slang/colloquial name of some body part/place on the stomach (not sure exactly).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.il/search?q=%22%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%88%D1%83%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.google.co.il/search?q=%22%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%88%D1%83%22&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-03-24T19:30:34.747" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8370" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8346" CreationDate="2015-03-26T21:11:18.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think user4419802 gave the best translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;пыл&quot; - heat/fire;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&quot;легкий&quot; - light/slight;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&quot;похмелья&quot; - being drunk/tipsy (older style), or hangover;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;example: &quot;C похмелья&quot; - after drinking.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;(I don't think he would use &quot;heat&quot; and &quot;hangover&quot; in the same sentence)&#xA;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Обиды&quot; - &quot;grievances&quot; (i think the closest)&#xA;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&quot;вольный&quot; - free of constrains (could imply rude, but not in this context)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5243" LastEditorUserId="5243" LastEditDate="2015-03-26T21:45:05.777" LastActivityDate="2015-03-26T21:45:05.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7601" CreationDate="2015-03-27T14:59:49.147" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Также можно попробовать такие варианты:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;техническое подспорье&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;техническое сопровождение&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;техническая поддержка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;но изначальные предложения придется перестраивать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5250" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2015-03-27T20:04:43.437" LastActivityDate="2015-03-27T20:04:43.437" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8373" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-28T10:40:44.130" Score="1" ViewCount="390" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for russian words that throughout the course of history acquired a negative connotation, because they were linked, for exemple,to the politics of Soviet Unione, and during the last years they were replaced by english positively connoted or neutralterms. An exemple are the words предприниматель, капиталист and промышленник that had a socio-political negative connotation linked to the soviet ideology and for this reason to talk about a businessman they introduced the term businessman from english. i hope you can give me good answers and they will help me to write my thesis &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5253" LastActivityDate="2015-06-07T21:46:52.937" Title="Russian words with negative connotation substituted by english ones" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-03-18T19:31:50.030" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8373" CreationDate="2015-03-28T11:05:19.270" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Офис&lt;/code&gt; replacing &lt;code&gt;контора&lt;/code&gt;, and I would maintain that this is &lt;em&gt;the&lt;/em&gt; only example of what you're describing; anything else would be crossing into really heavy jargon (such as &lt;code&gt;эйчар&lt;/code&gt; for &lt;code&gt;кадровик&lt;/code&gt;) and/or trying to squeeze things in to fit a highly specific research topic — as with your 'businessman' example which, I'm afraid, does a rather poor job of describing both linguistic reality (&lt;code&gt;предприниматель&lt;/code&gt; is actually more common than &lt;code&gt;бизнесмен&lt;/code&gt;) and the processes that formed it (with &lt;code&gt;промышленник&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;капиталист&lt;/code&gt;, it wasn't the connotations but the obsolescence; both sounded extremely Industrial Age).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-03-28T11:05:19.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8376" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8380" CreationDate="2015-03-28T12:37:16.733" Score="-2" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как можно видеть из графика в &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%2C%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%2C%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B5%2C%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%2C%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&amp;amp;case_insensitive=on&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t4%3B%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Google Ngram Viewer&lt;/a&gt;, все числительные использовались с примерно постоянной частотой с 1800 года. Но слово &lt;em&gt;один&lt;/em&gt; до 1910 года практически не встречается в литературе. В то же время слова &lt;em&gt;одна&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;одно&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;одного&lt;/em&gt; использовались достаточно широко. При этом начало роста частоты использования слова &lt;em&gt;один&lt;/em&gt; совпадает с ростом частоты использования слова &lt;em&gt;раз&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне это кажется довольно странным. С чем это может быть связано?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5255" LastActivityDate="2015-03-28T20:24:35.250" Title="Использование слова &quot;один&quot; до 1910-ых годов" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8377" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8379" CreationDate="2015-03-28T15:50:21.443" Score="4" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it correct to say in Russian something like &quot;как &lt;strong&gt;следствует&lt;/strong&gt; из его отчёта&quot; instead of &quot;как &lt;strong&gt;следует&lt;/strong&gt; из его отчёта&quot;? What's the base form for &quot;следствует&quot;? Is it &quot;следствовать&quot;? I can't find it in any available dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2015-03-28T17:14:14.697" Title="Is it correct to say &quot;как следствует из (его отчёта, его выступления и т.д.)&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8377" CreationDate="2015-03-28T16:34:24.257" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Must be an error, as no dictionary mentions it. I seem I heard that word, yet it only to prove that it's a relatively frequent error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. The infinitive should be &quot;следствовать&quot;, but only if existed at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-03-28T16:34:24.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8377" CreationDate="2015-03-28T17:14:14.697" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that Lomonosov used the word &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%F1%EB%E5%E4%F1%F2%E2%EE%E2%E0%F2%FC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;следствовать&lt;/a&gt; in 1749 in a different meaning &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;о том следствовать начинает автор ...&quot; &#xA;  &lt;em&gt;(the author starts to  investigate that)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In XIX century, &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;следствует&lt;/a&gt;&quot; was used instead of &quot;следовать&quot; in the meaning &quot;ought to&quot;, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;я отдам там, кому следствует&quot;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;(I will return it to whom I ought to)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but never in the meaning of &quot;to follow&quot;. In modern times, this word disappears from literary language, but as you see sometimes people use it. Maybe in error, maybe because it still exists in some dialects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-03-28T17:14:14.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8376" CreationDate="2015-03-28T20:24:35.250" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;С &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%2C%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8A%2C%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8A&amp;amp;case_insensitive=on&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t4%3B%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8A%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8A%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8A%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%AA%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%AA%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8A%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8A%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%AA%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8A%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;дореволюционной орфографией&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-03-28T20:24:35.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8373" CreationDate="2015-03-29T01:28:43.927" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово &quot;мерчендайзейзер&quot; какое-то время вызывало некое, словно, почтение, своей претендующей величиной. Но спустя время, он превратился в простого &quot;мерчика&quot; с которым мы стали уже &quot;на короткой&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5258" LastActivityDate="2015-03-29T01:28:43.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8384" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-29T04:37:38.233" Score="3" ViewCount="208" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any website that exists where I can have sentences or passages in Russian recorded for me? I like practicing my spoken Russian with translated sentences in spaced repetition programs such as Anki or Memrise, but I want to add audio to these sentences that I've selected to study (from Tatoeba.com, Anki decks and other sources). I am aware of forvo.com, though it is for words, and rhinospike.com, but are there any other resources available for getting recordings in Russian? Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-04-17T10:33:21.307" Title="Websites to Have Sentences/Passages Recorded in Russian by Native Speakers" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8385" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8388" CreationDate="2015-03-29T14:38:05.187" Score="3" ViewCount="270" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the song Подмосковные вечера there's a &lt;strong&gt;&quot;б&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; letter standing alone:&#xA;Если &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;б&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; знали вы, как мне дороги&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does this mean? Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5260" LastActivityDate="2015-03-30T20:33:00.190" Title="Подмосковные вечера" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8386" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8389" CreationDate="2015-03-29T16:39:11.737" Score="2" ViewCount="226" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are маркерная доска and белая доска both standard terms for a whiteboard, or is one of these more widely used (in speech)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2015-04-02T10:16:52.463" Title="Whiteboard term" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8385" CreationDate="2015-03-29T20:24:53.297" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt; is a variant of &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; that can be used (entirely optionally) if the preceding word ends with a vowel. &lt;code&gt;Чтобы&lt;/code&gt;, being &lt;code&gt;что&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt;, always has the variant &lt;code&gt;чтоб&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly (with the same after-a-vowel rule), &lt;code&gt;ли&lt;/code&gt; has &lt;code&gt;ль&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;же&lt;/code&gt; has &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt;. The full and shortened forms are not entirely interchangeable; the shortened ones are stylistically non-neutral in most contexts, so when in doubt, use the full ones. You'll come across the short ones a lot in songs and poems, though, because they're a convenient way to lose an extra syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-03-30T02:47:24.313" LastActivityDate="2015-03-30T02:47:24.313" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8386" CreationDate="2015-03-29T21:34:24.737" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native speaker, I would probably go with the former one. One never refers to the color of the board, you just say &quot;доска&quot; as in &quot;в аудитории есть доска&quot;, and you could further specify it as &quot;доска для маркеров (или маркера)&quot; or &quot;доска для мела&quot;. The term &quot;белая доска&quot; requires some explicit thinking before I remember that this seems to be the color you use a marker on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4592" LastActivityDate="2015-03-29T21:34:24.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8385" CreationDate="2015-03-30T20:11:17.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;sorry cannot comment yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;б&quot; is a short form for &quot;бы&quot; - &quot;conditional construction&quot;(CocoPop)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Если &lt;strong&gt;б&lt;/strong&gt; знали вы&quot; means &quot;If you &lt;strong&gt;would&lt;/strong&gt; know&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it's just the way it sounds. The tension goes on &quot;бы&quot; and brakes the rhythm.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;With &quot;б&quot; there is no tension in the middle of the sentence:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&quot;Если &lt;strong&gt;б&lt;/strong&gt; знали вы&quot; = &quot;Если &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; вы знали&quot; = &quot;Если &lt;strong&gt;б&lt;/strong&gt; вы знали&quot; (less common)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would compare it to &quot;if you would know&quot; &amp;amp; &quot;If you would &lt;strong&gt;only&lt;/strong&gt; know&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5243" LastEditorUserId="5243" LastEditDate="2015-03-30T20:33:00.190" LastActivityDate="2015-03-30T20:33:00.190" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8392" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8394" CreationDate="2015-03-31T03:45:11.237" Score="1" ViewCount="422" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте! &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;I am currently learning the Russian language via Rosetta Stone, and am currently very confused as I cannot tell the difference between девочек and девочки. I have no idea what the first form means (I know both mean girl), and I previously thought that the second form meant girls. Can anyone tell me what the specific differences are between девочка, девочек, and девочки (and possibly any other forms that I could come across in the future). &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5270" LastActivityDate="2015-03-31T08:52:38.807" Title="Plural Form Help? (What are the forms of девочка)" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8393" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-03-31T05:23:00.577" Score="5" ViewCount="559" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does one officially and accurately translate the job title of &amp;quot;Systems Software Engineer&amp;quot;, for example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bls.gov/oes/2014/may/oes151133.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;bls.gov's &amp;quot;15-1133 Software Developers, Systems Software&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;, into Russian Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To give a bit more context, let me quote how US Bureau of Labor Statistics describes this job title:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;15-1133 Software Developers, Systems Software&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Research, design, develop, and test operating systems-level software, compilers, and network distribution software for medical, industrial, military, communications, aerospace, business, scientific, and general computing applications. Set operational specifications and formulate and analyze software requirements. May design embedded systems software. Apply principles and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1665" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T07:28:26.037" Title="How to translate &quot;Systems Software Engineer&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8392" CreationDate="2015-03-31T05:35:02.840" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are six grammatical cases in Russian. Simply put:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Case           Singular     Plural&#xA;&#xA;Nominative     девочка      девочки&#xA;Genitive       девочки      девочек&#xA;Dative         девочке      девочкам&#xA;Accusative     девочку      девочек&#xA;Instrumental   девочкой     девочками&#xA;Prepositional  [о] девочке  [о] девочках&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, the words for singular genitive and plural nominative coincide and have the same pronunciation (not always, but for the word &lt;code&gt;девочка&lt;/code&gt; this is the case) so usually the context should determine which form is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastActivityDate="2015-03-31T05:35:02.840" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8395" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8397" CreationDate="2015-03-31T05:36:04.230" Score="1" ViewCount="251" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I'm not mistaken some character in Ilf-Petrov's wonderful novel &lt;strong&gt;Двенадцать стульев&lt;/strong&gt; wants to damn something. I don't quite remember the situation, but he says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– гангрена (проклятая)!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is any of these words still in modern Russian in use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2015-03-31T08:34:48.773" LastActivityDate="2015-03-31T12:57:32.613" Title="Does one use (still) / did one really used once гангрена (проклятая)! as curse word, as it appears in Двенадцать стульев?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8393" CreationDate="2015-03-31T06:57:43.430" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;System Software Engineer - Системный инженер-программист / системный программист&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Software Developers, Systems Software - Разработчики (программисты), системное ПО (программное обеспечение).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look for some official title from the government, you could refer &lt;a href=&quot;http://professions.org.ru/?okz=2132&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this document&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.etks.info/okpdtr/office/search?q=%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;. I found also one more &lt;a href=&quot;http://base.garant.ru/1548770/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;, which looks more complete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.etks.info/okz/group-2132.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;etks.info&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;    Программисты&#xA;&#xA;Программисты разрабатывают записывают проверяют программы, реализующие решение различных технических, экономических и других задач с помощью компьютерной техники, а также осуществляют их сопровождение и обслуживание.&#xA;&#xA;Их обязанности включают:&#xA;&#xA;    изучение целей решаемых задач требований к результатам, определение объемов структуры источников информации подлежащей обработке на вычислительных машинах макетов и схем ее ввода, обработки, хранения, выдачи и контроля;&#xA;    описание задач с помощью математических моделей и алгоритмов, составление и запись программ на языках программирования высокого уровня и машинно-ориентированных языках;&#xA;    отладку разработанных программ и их корректировку в процессе доработки;&#xA;    определение возможности использования в решении задач готовых программ разработанных другими разработчиками (учреждениями, организациями, предприятиями);&#xA;    разработку и внедрение методов автоматизированного программирования типовых и стандартных программ управляющих, обрабатывающих сервисных программ инструкций по их использованию, входных алгоритмических языков;&#xA;    участие в работах по унификации и типизации вычислительных процессов, расширению области применения вычислительной техники;&#xA;    обслуживание компьютерных программ и соответствующей документации заключающееся в их обновлении и корректировке в соответствии с изменением входных и выходных данных, спецификаций или состава оборудования, вычислительных средств;&#xA;    выполнение родственных по содержанию обязанностей;&#xA;    руководство другими работниками.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The list of professions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Программист&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Инженер-программист&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Инженер - системный программист (amendment #5 from 2004)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4637" LastEditorUserId="4637" LastEditDate="2015-04-01T09:26:45.193" LastActivityDate="2015-04-01T09:26:45.193" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8395" CreationDate="2015-03-31T07:56:18.313" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Гангрена&quot; is almost never used. It seems that Ilf (Feinsielberg) &amp;amp; Petrov (Kataev) have chosen quite rare idioms to make their texts really expressive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet mentioned above &quot;холера&quot; is used surprisingly often. Probably due to Polish, though I must also remember quite popular Lavrenev's &quot;Сорок первый&quot; where the heroine extensively used the expression &quot;рыбья холера&quot; (&quot;fish cholera&quot;), which still in use (especially by older generation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other examples of non-standard usage: &quot;чума&quot; (&quot;plague&quot;; quite different meanings from cursing upto admiration); &quot;язва&quot; (&quot;ulcer&quot;; usually about waspish person) - though here the word &quot;язва&quot; is used perhaps due to the older meaning &quot;wound&quot; rather than modern &quot;sore/ulcer&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Проклятье&quot; is clearly out of fashion (if only not to count Ukrainian cliche &quot;клятi москалi&quot; which Russians sometimes ironically use). In everyday speech people rather choose &quot;чёрт&quot; (although literary means &quot;devil&quot; even google-translate correctly shows &quot;damn&quot; as the first translation option), or &quot;твою мать&quot; (&quot;.. your mother&quot; - with the verb omitted, so it sounds a little less rude), or really obscene &quot;блядь&quot; (&quot;bitch&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-03-31T08:57:53.680" LastActivityDate="2015-03-31T08:57:53.680" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8392" CreationDate="2015-03-31T08:52:38.807" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rather than displaying for you the forms of &lt;em&gt;девочка&lt;/em&gt;, let me tell you how to look for the forms of many words, say, you are interested now in &lt;em&gt;человек&lt;/em&gt;. Then you go to, say, Wiktionary and do the direct search or type:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/человек&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The forms appear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastActivityDate="2015-03-31T08:52:38.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8399" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8395" CreationDate="2015-03-31T12:57:32.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;sorry cannot comment yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1st you have to remember this is a comedy from 1920th;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;2nd keep in mind the censorship and PC speech in Soviet Russia when it was written.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russia is big. And keep in mind, people often use expressions from the movies. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5243" LastActivityDate="2015-03-31T12:57:32.613" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8400" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8511" CreationDate="2015-03-31T15:57:58.800" Score="4" ViewCount="2581" Body="&lt;p&gt;В статье &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%E8%F2%F7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Китч&lt;/a&gt; на википедии, например, это слово употребляется то как &quot;китч&quot;, то как &quot;кич&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какое написание правильное (или предпочтительное)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5276" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-02-13T23:25:22.703" LastActivityDate="2021-02-13T23:25:22.703" Title="&quot;Kич&quot; или &quot;китч&quot;?" Tags="&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8401" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-01T11:06:38.117" Score="4" ViewCount="968" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there an equivalent expression in Russian (not a direct translation) of &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Assumption is the mother of all fuck-ups&quot; quote?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4848" LastActivityDate="2015-04-01T13:10:44.500" Title="Assumption is the mother of all fuck-ups... in Russian (sorry:)" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8401" CreationDate="2015-04-01T12:40:04.610" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A common Russian response to &lt;em&gt;я думал...&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;I thought that...&quot;) is &lt;em&gt;индюк тоже думал, да в суп попал&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;A gobbler was a thinker too but ended up in a dish of stew&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-04-01T12:48:33.723" LastActivityDate="2015-04-01T12:48:33.723" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8401" CreationDate="2015-04-01T13:10:44.500" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some variants on the subject (not sure which suits better):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наперёд не загадывай&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наперёд не узнаешь, где найдёшь, где потеряешь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Человек предполагает, а Бог - располагает&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or even&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гладко было на бумаге, да забыли про овраги&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-04-01T13:10:44.500" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8404" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-02T00:05:43.577" Score="2" ViewCount="2674" Body="&lt;p&gt;Словари говорят, что &quot;ляг&quot;, но в устной речи (а также в форумах и т.д.) мне встречалось чаще всего &quot;ляжь&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не устарели ли словари (капитан Очевидность напоминает, что любой язык эволюционирует), или по каким правилам нужно именно &quot;ляг&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-04-03T16:03:04.720" Title="Повелительное от &quot;лечь&quot;" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8404" CreationDate="2015-04-02T00:11:55.270" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Никогда не встречал &quot;ляжь&quot;, вот даже как образчик ne plus ultra бескультурной речи, каким он бесспорно являлся бы. Просто не встречал и всё тут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-04-02T00:11:55.270" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8404" CreationDate="2015-04-02T09:47:58.843" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Первое же впечатление, что &quot;ляжь&quot; - просто форма разговорная просторечная по образу &quot;лОжить&quot;. Хотя и &quot;ляг&quot; для меня звучит неудобно, если можно так выразиться. Мысленно я могу представить, что я скажу, например, ребёнку &quot;Ляг уже&quot;. Но скорее я бы использовал &quot;ложись&quot;.&#xA;Но, отвечая на сам вопрос, моё мнение, что ляжь - неграмотно. Если бы надо было выбрать из двух вариантов - однозначно выбрал бы &quot;ляг&quot;.&#xA;Да вот хотя бы представить себе ситуацию - во время войны при звуке подлетающей бомбы - какое слово хочется употребить - &quot;Ляг&quot;, &quot;ляжь&quot; или &quot;ложись&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5286" LastEditorUserId="5286" LastEditDate="2015-04-02T10:33:23.077" LastActivityDate="2015-04-02T10:33:23.077" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8386" CreationDate="2015-04-02T10:16:52.463" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native office citizen I would go with &quot;доска&quot; or &quot;доска для рисования&quot; or just translate as &quot;белая доска&quot;. Never have used &quot;маркерная доска&quot;. &#xA;On the other hand I mostly work with foreigners and I used to say whiteboard without translation even if I speak in Russian. Like &quot;Там есть вайтбоард?&quot;.&#xA;But this can only be true in office environment since you do not expect to meet any other board in the meeting room. Maybe in some educational rooms you will need to define if you need markers or chalk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5286" LastActivityDate="2015-04-02T10:16:52.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8404" CreationDate="2015-04-02T10:21:45.577" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вроде как &quot;ляг&quot;. Ляг на спину.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5287" LastActivityDate="2015-04-02T10:21:45.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8393" CreationDate="2015-04-02T10:23:24.367" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The latest information about official description of occupations and positions you can find (in Russian) here &lt;a href=&quot;http://profstandart.rosmintrud.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://profstandart.rosmintrud.ru/&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;There are a lot of different documents but not much of direct pages so I extract for you description for the Engineer-Software developer (software developer)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ИНЖЕНЕР-ПРОГРАММИСТ (ПРОГРАММИСТ)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Должностные обязанности. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На основе анализа математических моделей и алгоритмов решения экономических и других задач разрабатывает программы, обеспечивающие возможность выполнения алгоритма и соответственно поставленной задачи средствами вычислительной техники, проводит их тестирование и отладку. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разрабатывает технологию решения задачи по всем этапам обработки информации. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Осуществляет выбор языка программирования для описания алгоритмов и структур данных. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Определяет информацию, подлежащую обработке средствами вычислительной техники, ее объемы, структуру, макеты и схемы ввода, обработки, хранения и вывода, методы ее контроля. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выполняет работу по подготовке программ к отладке и проводит отладку. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Определяет объем и содержание данных контрольных примеров, обеспечивающих наиболее полную проверку соответствия программ их функциональному назначению. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Осуществляет запуск отлаженных программ и ввод исходных данных, определяемых условиями поставленных задач. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Проводит корректировку разработанной программы на основе анализа выходных данных.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разрабатывает инструкции по работе с программами, оформляет необходимую техническую документацию. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Определяет возможность использования готовых программных продуктов. Осуществляет сопровождение внедренных программ и программных средств. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разрабатывает и внедряет системы автоматической проверки правильности программ, типовые и стандартные программные средства, составляет технологию обработки информации. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выполняет работу по унификации и типизации вычислительных процессов. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Принимает участие в создании каталогов и картотек стандартных программ, в разработке форм документов, подлежащих машинной обработке, в проектировании программ, позволяющих расширить область применения вычислительной техники.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Должен знать: &#xA;руководящие и нормативные материалы, регламентирующие методы разработки алгоритмов и программ и использования вычислительной техники при обработке информации; &#xA;основные принципы структурного программирования; &#xA;виды программного обеспечения; &#xA;технико-эксплуатационные характеристики, конструктивные особенности, назначение и режимы работы ЭВМ, правила ее технической эксплуатации; &#xA;технологию автоматической обработки информации; &#xA;виды технических носителей информации;&#xA;методы классификации и кодирования информации; &#xA;формализованные языки программирования; &#xA;действующие стандарты, системы счислений, шифров и кодов; &#xA;порядок оформления технической документации; &#xA;передовой отечественный и зарубежный опыт программирования и использования вычислительной техники; &#xA;основы экономики, организации производства, труда и управления; &#xA;основы трудового законодательства; &#xA;правила и нормы охраны труда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Требования к квалификации.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Инженер-программист I категории: высшее профессиональное (техническое или инженерно-экономическое) образование и стаж работы в должности инженера-программиста II категории не менее 3 лет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Инженер-программист II категории: высшее профессиональное (техническое или инженерно-экономическое) образование и стаж работы в должности инженера-программиста III категории или других инженерно-технических должностях, замещаемых специалистами с высшим профессиональным образованием, не менее 3 лет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Инженер-программист III категории: высшее профессиональное (техническое или инженерно-экономическое) образование и опыт работы по специальности, приобретенный в период обучения, или стаж работы на инженерно-технических должностях без квалификационной категории.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Инженер-программист: высшее профессиональное (техническое или инженерно-экономическое) образование без предъявления требований к стажу работы или среднее профессиональное (техническое или инженерно-экономическое) образование и стаж работы в должности техника I категории не менее 3 лет либо других должностях, замещаемых специалистами со средним профессиональным образованием, не менее 5 лет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5286" LastEditorUserId="5286" LastEditDate="2015-04-03T10:29:16.243" LastActivityDate="2015-04-03T10:29:16.243" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8404" CreationDate="2015-04-02T10:51:20.390" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;ИМХО в данном случае словари не устарели, слова &lt;code&gt;ляг&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;лягте&lt;/code&gt; употребляются не на столько реже, чем &lt;code&gt;ляжь&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;ляжьте&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;Думаю, что во мн.ч. правильная форма даже преобладает&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3498" LastActivityDate="2015-04-02T10:51:20.390" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8235" CreationDate="2015-04-02T18:45:29.957" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best way to see for itself the validity of the all arguments for /not using the words and sentence constructions is to try Yandex search engine:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://yandex.ua/yandsearch?text=%22%D1%8F%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8E%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%BF%D0%BE-%22&amp;amp;clid=1836587&amp;amp;lr=144&amp;amp;p=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;я не умею говорить по-&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://yandex.ua/yandsearch?text=%22%D0%AF%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8E%20%D0%BF%D0%BE-%22&amp;amp;clid=1836587&amp;amp;lr=144&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;я не говорю по-&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for different nuances in different contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-04-02T18:56:31.260" LastActivityDate="2015-04-02T18:56:31.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8413" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-02T19:41:59.703" Score="6" ViewCount="293" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any Russian adjectives, whether they end in -ый, -ий, or -ой, whose final consonant is ф? (I.e. -фый, -фий, -фой)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5289" LastActivityDate="2019-06-02T17:30:33.237" Title="Are there any adjectives ending in -фый/-фий/-фой?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8413" CreationDate="2015-04-02T20:14:35.147" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;-фой — no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-фий — theoretically, a possessive one such as &lt;em&gt;графий&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;the count’s&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-фый — theoretically again, and definitely crossing into occasionalisms, something of the [adjective]-[noun]ed type (as in &quot;dark-haired&quot;) where the noun would end in -ф or -фа. I can't think of anything less whimsical and unlikely than &lt;em&gt;многошкафая комната&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;many-closeted room&quot;) or &lt;em&gt;длиннострофые стихи&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;long-stanzaed verse&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt; Before anyone else flames me about &lt;em&gt;многошкафая комната&lt;/em&gt;, a recap:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;We shouldn't even be discussing the merits of the word. It's correctly formed; it &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; exist; that answers the question.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;But if we're discussing it anyway: &lt;em&gt;многошкафая комната&lt;/em&gt; is a witticism; &lt;em&gt;многошкафная комната&lt;/em&gt; is a solecism. There exists a combination of meaning and intended effect (facetious, perhaps referencing the Futurists) for which &lt;em&gt;многошкафая&lt;/em&gt; would be the best fit. Good luck finding a use for &lt;em&gt;многошкафная&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;многошкафовая&lt;/em&gt; that doesn't end up being just a really awkward way to say &lt;em&gt;комната со множеством шкафов&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;комната, где много шкафов&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-04-04T01:05:16.403" LastActivityDate="2015-04-04T01:05:16.403" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8373" CreationDate="2015-04-02T21:07:34.883" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Барыга&lt;/code&gt; (pusher, profiteer, illicit &lt;strong&gt;dealer&lt;/strong&gt;) — now &lt;code&gt;дилер&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;нажива, барыш&lt;/code&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://yandex.ua/yandsearch?text=%22%D0%B2%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%22&amp;amp;clid=1836587&amp;amp;lr=144&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;usage example&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;margin&lt;/strong&gt;, spread) — now &lt;code&gt;маржа&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;торговец&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;trader&lt;/strong&gt;) — now &lt;code&gt;трейдер&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;бульварная пресса&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;tabloid&lt;/strong&gt;) — now &lt;code&gt;таблоид&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;хахаль&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;boyfriend&lt;/strong&gt;, suitor) — now &lt;code&gt;бойфренд&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;дешевый перевозчик&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;low cost&lt;/strong&gt;) — now &lt;code&gt;лоукостер&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for the sake of any other advantage I suggest searching the web for terms&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;заимствованные слова&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;иностранные слова&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;модные иностранные словечки&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-04-02T21:07:34.883" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8384" CreationDate="2015-04-02T22:04:08.867" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen the mention of Native Speakers. &#xA;And nobody could give You an answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I tried some tests at &lt;a href=&quot;https://translate.yandex.ru/?text=%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%20%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%20%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%20%D0%B8%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%20%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8F.&amp;amp;lang=ru-en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;translate.yandex.ru&lt;/a&gt; .&#xA;Speech engine wouldn't admit any critical error during the tests:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;сегодня&lt;/code&gt; по-русски читается как &lt;code&gt;севодня&lt;/code&gt;; &lt;code&gt;часы&lt;/code&gt; по-русски читаются&#xA;  как &lt;code&gt;чисы&lt;/code&gt;,  в слове &lt;code&gt;дядя&lt;/code&gt; слышится легкое &lt;code&gt;з&lt;/code&gt; — &lt;code&gt;дзядя&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;For rapid control&lt;/em&gt; I dare to say that it's suitable.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;https://translate.yandex.ru/?text=%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%2C%20%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%2C%20%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C%20%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%2C%20%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%20%D0%B8%20%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F.&amp;amp;lang=ru-en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;more finer-grained analysis&lt;/a&gt; is also possible. &#xA;The consonant sounds of Russian fall into two classes: hard and soft. Russian spelling, unlike English, is almost phonetic, spelling by a small number of definite rules. Certain Russian words show a consonant variation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;should be&#xA;pronounced&#xA; |&#xA; |                An engine failure designated by X&#xA;hard __________________________________________________&#xA; .               |                          |          |&#xA; .               X                          X          |&#xA; .               |                          |          |&#xA; .           филателист    фен    шинель    демарш     тест     агрессия.&#xA; .                         |        |                             |&#xA; .                         |        X                             |&#xA;soft ______________________|________|_____________________________|&#xA;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The test is failed, but it's utterly negligible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-04-16T14:03:57.437" LastActivityDate="2015-04-16T14:03:57.437" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8404" CreationDate="2015-04-03T05:37:13.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/849810&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/849810&lt;/a&gt; в толковом словаре Ушакова - действительно &quot;ляг&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В разговорной речи редко употребляется повелительное от &quot;лечь&quot;. Чаще говорят &quot;ложи(те)сь&quot;, но это уже глагол &quot;ложиться&quot;. 8)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ляг&quot; иногда слышу, но нечасто.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Всю жизнь в Москве, &quot;Ляжь&quot; я не слышал &lt;strong&gt;никогда&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Касаемо &quot;словари устарели - не устарели&quot;: разговорная речь вообще имеет не так много общего с классическим языком, причём любым: и русским, и иностранным. 15 лет учил английский только для того, чтобы понять, что там никто не говорит по классическим канонам грамматики. Учил, чтобы потом принудительно разучиваться 8) . В русском языке аналогичная ситуация, и это нормально до некоторых пределов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1475" LastEditorUserId="1475" LastEditDate="2015-04-03T05:44:07.663" LastActivityDate="2015-04-03T05:44:07.663" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8421" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-03T05:45:00.730" Score="2" ViewCount="310" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the most significant changes in Russian language in 20th-21st centuries other than orthography rules and lexicon?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5027" LastActivityDate="2015-04-04T00:12:30.307" Title="Recent Russian language changes" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8421" CreationDate="2015-04-03T10:38:46.267" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The heavily artificial, but apparently catching, trend towards indeclinable brand names and titles (driven by marketers trying to preserve what they call &quot;brand integrity&quot;). They're using a grammatical loophole of a sort, the implicit qualifier: &lt;code&gt;работа в &quot;Макдоналдс&quot;&lt;/code&gt; rather than &lt;code&gt;в &quot;Макдоналдсе&quot;&lt;/code&gt; implying &lt;code&gt;в ресторанах &quot;Макдоналдс&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, etc. This has led to occasional examples of people not declining anything that goes in quotes, including film and periodical titles. Personally I'm worried/grumpy about the younger generation picking up this lack of declension as intuitively &quot;correct&quot;, but it's not such a big deal in the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other &quot;kids these days&quot; developments, the malapropist substitution of &lt;code&gt;неприкасаемый&lt;/code&gt; for &lt;code&gt;неприкосновенный&lt;/code&gt; seems to be unstoppable; it's all over the media and no one cares. The latter word may go obsolete, and the former officially take on a meaning (untouchable as in immune or inviolable) antonymous to its original and strictly correct one (untouchable as in pariah).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A minor but very curious example of English borrowings influencing the Russian phonetic inventory, further than the already semi-accepted /w/, is what seems to be a palatalised glottal stop: at least one video game streamer on Twitch rendered &quot;early drops&quot; (a Hearthstone term) as &lt;code&gt;[ʔʲо]рли-дропы&lt;/code&gt; (there's currently no way to even spell it standardly); this may become bigger in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-04-03T10:56:54.827" LastActivityDate="2015-04-03T10:56:54.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8423" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8404" CreationDate="2015-04-03T13:44:51.627" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;ложи[те]сь&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гораздо более частотная форма без грамматической неопределённости.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-04-03T13:44:51.627" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8404" CreationDate="2015-04-03T16:03:04.720" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ляг(те)&quot; является единственной нормативной формой.&#xA;Распространение некорректного &quot;*ляжь(те)&quot; связано с тем, что &quot;ляг(те)&quot; - единственное исключение из правила, по которому для образования повелительного наклонения без суффикса &quot;-и&quot; окончание отсекается от формы второго лица: &quot;встань(те)&quot; от &quot;встанешь&quot; (не &quot;встан(те)&quot; от &quot;встану&quot;).&#xA;Тем не менее, словари не устарели, и &quot;ляг&quot; остаётся достаточно частотным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2015-04-03T16:03:04.720" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8426" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8457" CreationDate="2015-04-03T21:28:11.773" Score="5" ViewCount="1818" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm familiar with the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;ну да&lt;/strong&gt;, but I recently came across &lt;strong&gt;да ну&lt;/strong&gt; and don't quite know what to make of it. I first heard it in a movie, where a man tries to help a girl carry some boxes, and she says (something that sounds like):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Да ну что вы. Не нужно!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She was nice about it, but I couldn't tell if she wanted him to leave her alone or was just being coy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At any rate, I would love to know how да ну is used. Also is it pronounced &lt;strong&gt;да́ ну&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;да ну́&lt;/strong&gt; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T14:33:32.540" Title="Meaning of да ну" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8427" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8429" CreationDate="2015-04-03T21:29:25.427" Score="2" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;At first sight, it looks like &quot;none other than,&quot; but in this context that can't be correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что-то у меня голова болит – &lt;strong&gt;не иначе как&lt;/strong&gt; простудился.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-04-05T23:17:12.613" Title="Meaning of не иначе как" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8426" CreationDate="2015-04-03T21:57:17.913" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;да ну́&lt;/code&gt;, or both unstressed if something like &lt;code&gt;что вы&lt;/code&gt; follows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She was possibly being coy, or at any rate wasn't particularly insistent on being left alone. &lt;code&gt;Да ну&lt;/code&gt; is a kind of laid-back expression of the needlessness of some action, either by the speaker or by the listener.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more emphatic &lt;code&gt;да ну!&lt;/code&gt; is used to express incredulity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can also be used with pronouns in the accusative — &lt;code&gt;да ну тебя&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;да ну его&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;да ну её&lt;/code&gt;, as an all-purpose expression of dismissal, ranging anywhere from benignly apathetic to annoyed. It can, again, mean incredulity, or &quot;enough of you and your being difficult&quot;, or &quot;who cares about him/her anyway&quot;. Note that it has to be a personal pronoun. If you have to name the object, you say something like &lt;code&gt;да ну его, этого Иванова&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-04-03T21:57:17.913" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8427" CreationDate="2015-04-03T22:03:21.023" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;I must have caught a chill&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Much like the English expression, it's a colloquial overstatement — using a categorical claim (&lt;em&gt;must&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;не иначе&lt;/em&gt;) to express what's really just a high likelihood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-04-03T22:03:21.023" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8426" CreationDate="2015-04-04T00:01:53.437" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;ну да = yes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;да ну = doubt, soft no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-04-04T00:01:53.437" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8421" CreationDate="2015-04-04T00:12:30.307" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;One trend driven by English influence is shortening some verbs and their derivatives by removing some suffixes in colloquial speech:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;программировать -&amp;gt; программить &#xA;терраформировать -&amp;gt; терраформить&#xA;трансформировать -&amp;gt; трансформить&#xA;информировать -&amp;gt; информить&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-04-04T00:12:30.307" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8432" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8426" CreationDate="2015-04-04T05:58:12.447" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The right one would be - Come on&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh, come on, you are not serious!&#xA;Да ну, ты не серьезно!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4848" LastActivityDate="2015-04-04T05:58:12.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8433" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8434" CreationDate="2015-04-04T10:41:03.840" Score="5" ViewCount="1356" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian names have several variants depending on the nature of the relationship between two parties involved in a conversation, formality of the setting, etc. A lady officially named Ekaterina may be called Katya among her friends but Katenka by, say, colleagues. I understand shorter names may prove useful in case of children since they are easier to pronounce/recognize for them, but this is not always necessarily the case either. For instance, an Ivan is frequently referred to as Vanya in a sympathetic manner, which is in fact longer than the original name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I'm wondering, why bother? Why do such variants exist and how did they come to existence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5069" LastActivityDate="2015-04-06T19:04:09.160" Title="Why are there so many variants for Russian names?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8434" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8433" CreationDate="2015-04-04T16:09:55.450" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term for those names is not &quot;a short name&quot;, it is diminutives. Diminutives are for addressing somebody affectionately; they do the job of  pet names like sweetie, dear, sweetheart etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Diminutives are not necessarily shorter or easier to pronounce. They are used differently. Full names are for formal conversations, while diminutives are for conversation between people who are close to each other. It would be strange to call a little boy or girl by their full names - we use &quot;cute&quot; names for that, i.e. diminutives. Sometimes there can be more than one diminutive for the very same name, for example, Павел is a full name (Russian version of Paul), his parents would call him Павлик, and his friends would call him Паша, because Павлик is too childish. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, finally, longer words are not necessarily harder to pronounce. Russian  children have no problems with pronouncing long words as long as those words constitutes of &quot;perfect syllables&quot;: one consonant - one vowel. It's piles of consonants that is hard to pronounce.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4884" LastActivityDate="2015-04-04T16:09:55.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8435" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8439" CreationDate="2015-04-04T16:42:47.453" Score="2" ViewCount="93" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need to place commas right before and right after &lt;strong&gt;в то же время&lt;/strong&gt;?:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Казалось бы, всё правильно, но здесь кроется очень опасная и &lt;strong&gt;в то же&#xA;  время&lt;/strong&gt; весьма популярная сегодня мысль о том, что...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2015-04-04T18:40:01.340" Title="Does &quot;в то же время&quot; need to have commas here?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8436" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8435" CreationDate="2015-04-04T17:12:00.953" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, never. Generally, when in doubt, don't. Hypercorrected extra commas produce a worse impression than omitted ones. You can't pin them down on carelessness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-04-04T17:12:00.953" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8413" CreationDate="2015-04-04T18:23:21.240" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would probably go with &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%E6%E8%F0%E0%F4%E8%E9&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;жирафий&lt;/a&gt;&quot;. Not so sure about the ones ending with &quot;-фый&quot; or &quot;-фой&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4592" LastActivityDate="2015-04-04T18:23:21.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8435" CreationDate="2015-04-04T18:40:01.340" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short answer: no, you don't, see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/punctum/58_128&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article on Грамота.ру&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long answer: Грамота.ру doesn't carry a lot of authority in the eyes of professional editors, but it can be used as a reference source with about as much trust as Wikipedia on neutral themes: you shouldn't quote it, and occasionally it can be mistaken, but generally it's an alright starting point.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I can't seem to find this in Справочник Розенталя fast enough, but the general sense is that &quot;by default&quot; you don't put any commas anywhere, unless stated otherwise. In this case we know that &quot;в то же время&quot; is not вводное сочетание, and therefore, there is no reason to surround it with commas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4592" LastActivityDate="2015-04-04T18:40:01.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8440" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8441" CreationDate="2015-04-05T06:26:03.943" Score="13" ViewCount="5519" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am currently learning the Russian language, and was quite intrigued by how they treat articles (they basically disregard/imply them). However, the word &quot;is&quot; is not stated to be an article, yet seems to be implied. The only potential word for &quot;is&quot; I can find is when I ask Google Translate and it returns 'является'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is strange, for example: to say &quot;the ball is red&quot; we would say 'мяч красный'. Notice how this does not have 'является', it actually directly translates to &quot;ball red&quot; yet is (or can be?) translated &quot;the ball is red&quot;. &#xA;I would like to know the exact usage rules regarding &quot;is&quot;, when (or if) 'является' is (or should be) used, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5270" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-08-29T20:13:00.750" LastActivityDate="2019-05-25T20:37:10.273" Title="Does the word &quot;is&quot; have an actual form in Russian? (Usage rules?)" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8440" CreationDate="2015-04-05T07:34:49.983" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;In fact, there's no such phenomenon as English articles in Russian at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The issue, opposite to yours, is also faced by Russian people who start learning English, since a complete sentence always must contain a verb in English. But verbs aren't necessary in Russian, especially if they mean &quot;to be&quot;. However, I think verbs with other meanings can't be skipped. You can use &quot;явлется&quot; in your phrases to replace &quot;is&quot; and it's fairly understandable, but it would seem unnaturally complicated for a native speaker. For example, &quot;ball is red&quot; should be translated as &quot;мяч красный&quot; instead of &quot;мяч является красным&quot;. From my point of view, in your speech you can always omit the verb translating a sentence from English into Russian if it's &quot;to be&quot;. Possible exceptions are scientific and juristic topics which use more formal language, for example &quot;this law is of great importance for the country&quot; can be translated as &quot;этот закон является очень важным для страны&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As @CocoPop remarked, actually there are phrases that contain &quot;есть&quot; meaning &quot;to be&quot; which cannot be skipped. They are rather idiomatic constructions, therefore they don't conform common rules. For example, &quot;работа есть работа&quot;, where &quot;работа&quot; can be replaced with another noun depending on context. I.e. &quot;друзья есть друзья&quot; or &quot;семья есть семья&quot; are also possible. These phrases can be used as a justification of some actions you wouldn't want to commit, but you have to do. Say, you have a choice between watching a match with your friends and going on a picnic with your relatives. If you want to spend time with your friends, but you're a family man, you can say &quot;семья есть семья&quot; and go on the picnic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another phrase is &quot;как есть&quot; which means &quot;as it is&quot;. Examples: &quot;прими меня таким какой я есть&quot; means &quot;take me as I am&quot;; &quot;Оставь как есть&quot; means &quot;Leave it as it is&quot;, i.e. &quot;don't alter it&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastEditorUserId="4379" LastEditDate="2015-04-07T16:12:14.617" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T16:12:14.617" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8440" CreationDate="2015-04-05T12:30:37.770" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;to be&quot; in Russian is &quot;есть&quot;, not &quot;является&quot;. &quot;Является&quot; is better translated as &quot;constitutes&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb есть is the cognate to English verb &quot;is&quot;. In some cases it has the form быть/буду/будет/был etc, all cognates to English &quot;be&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-04-05T16:41:59.973" LastActivityDate="2015-04-05T16:41:59.973" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8440" CreationDate="2015-04-05T12:49:04.890" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian does have an imperfective verb meaning &amp;quot;to be&amp;quot; (&lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt;) and it even can be conjugated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я есмь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ты еси&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;он, она, оно есть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;мы есмы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вы есьте&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;они суть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, though in modern language personal forms (except for the 3rd sg., and, more rarely, 3rd pl.) are only used  in grand style rhetoric (which in Russian heavily utilizes Church Slavonic constructs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's worth noting that an average Russian speaker does not even perceive the personal forms, except for 3rd persons', as verbs at all, but rather as parts of several idioms (&lt;em&gt;ой ты гой еси, добрый молодец&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;аз есмь царь&lt;/em&gt; etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian, like Hebrew and some other languages, uses a so called zero copula in present. This means that no words are used to link a subject with predicate in present: phrases like &lt;em&gt;я русский&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;I am Russian&amp;quot;), &lt;em&gt;она красивая&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;she is pretty&amp;quot;) etc. only have the subject and the predicate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, for the past and future actual copulas are used, also forms of &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;я был молодым&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;I was young&amp;quot;), &lt;em&gt;вы будете старыми&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;you will be old&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The forms of &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt; might be used as a copula in present for emphatic puproses: &lt;em&gt;они и есть победители&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;it's them who are the winners&amp;quot;). In spoken language, 3-rd person singular form (&lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;) is used for all persons and numbers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, since Russian has proximal possession (i.e. &amp;quot;to have&amp;quot; in Russian is expressed as &amp;quot;to be at someone/something&amp;quot;), 3rd sg. of &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;) can also be used to translate &amp;quot;to have&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня есть собака&lt;/em&gt; / I have a dog&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Есть ли жизнь на Марсе?&lt;/em&gt; / Is there life on Mars?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T18:26:56.860" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8444" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8445" CreationDate="2015-04-05T18:49:38.207" Score="-4" ViewCount="211" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сколько будет seмHадцaTь оTняTь двa (oTвет цифpами)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does this say in russian and what is de answer in russian&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5298" LastActivityDate="2015-04-05T19:15:51.150" Title="Сколько будет seмHадцaTь оTняTь двa (oTвет цифpами) What does this say in russian and what is de answer in russian" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8444" CreationDate="2015-04-05T19:15:51.150" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;How much is seventeen minus two? (the answer in digits [please]).&quot;&#xA;Since it asks for the answer in digits, the answer is the same as in English, &quot;15&quot;. In Russian, &quot;15&quot; is &quot;пятнадцать&quot;.&#xA;Still, your capitals inside the Russian words and the &quot;s&quot; are unusual. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-04-05T19:15:51.150" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8427" CreationDate="2015-04-05T23:17:12.613" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что-то у меня голова болит – не иначе как простудился.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is broadly equivalent to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что-то у меня голова болит – должно быть, простудился.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что-то у меня голова болит – вероятнее всего, простудился.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что-то у меня голова болит – кажется, простудился.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-04-05T23:17:12.613" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="54" CreationDate="2015-04-06T04:37:39.903" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;икс квадрат равно единице&lt;/code&gt; is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to translate &lt;code&gt;ObjectA = 1&lt;/code&gt; into Russian&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are three genders in Russian:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;masculine, feminine, neuter&lt;/code&gt; == &lt;code&gt;мужской, женский и средний&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You will have to know the genders of an ObjectA or either singular or plural form.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Plural&lt;/code&gt; == &lt;code&gt;множественное число&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алгоритм (algorithm):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;If ObjectA is `мужской род` Then&#xA;    ObjectA равен единице                // интеграл равен единице&#xA;&#xA;else If ObjectA is `средний род` Then       &#xA;    ObjectA равно единице                // число равно единице&#xA;&#xA;else If ObjectA is `женский род` Then       &#xA;    ObjectA равна единице                // функция равна единице&#xA;&#xA;else If ObjectA are `множественное число` Then&#xA;    ObjectA равны единице                // неизвестные равны единице&#xA;&#xA;EndIf    &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Итак, правильно будет:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Квадрат, интеграл, момент, факториал, коэффициент == &lt;code&gt;мужской род&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;икс квадрат равен единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;интеграл    равен единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;момент      равен единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;факториал   равен единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;коэффициент равен единице&lt;/code&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сумма, разность, сторона, площадь, функция  == &lt;code&gt;женский род&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;сумма    равна единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;разность равна единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;сторона  равна единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;площадь  равна единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;функция  равна единице&lt;/code&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ребро, число, ускорение, расстояние, произведение  == &lt;code&gt;средний род&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;ребро        равно единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;число        равно единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;ускорение    равно единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;расстояние   равно единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;произведение равно единице&lt;/code&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дополнительные примеры (additional examples):&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Желтое, красное, одно, первое, третье == &lt;code&gt;средний род&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Желтое  равно красному&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;красное равно единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;одно    равно другому&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;первое  равно второму&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;третье  равно пятому&lt;/code&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Неизвестные, коэффициенты, ребра, стороны, первые == &lt;code&gt;множественное число&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Неизвестные  равны единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Коэффициенты равны единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;ребра        равны единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;стороны      равны единице&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;первые       равны единице&lt;/code&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to translate &lt;code&gt;ObjectA = 1 ObjectB&lt;/code&gt; into Russian, for ex.: &lt;code&gt;a value equal to one meter&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;If ObjectA is `мужской род` Then&#xA;&#xA;    If ObjectB is `мужской род` Then&#xA;        ObjectA равен одному ObjectB       // мегабит равен одному мегабиту&#xA;&#xA;    else If ObjectB is `средний род` Then&#xA;        ObjectA равен одному ObjectB       // мегабит равен одному числу&#xA;&#xA;    else If ObjectB is `женский род` Then&#xA;        ObjectA равен одной ObjectB        // мегабит равен одной части  &#xA;&#xA;    else If ObjectB are `множественное число` Then&#xA;        ObjectA равен одним ObjectB        // показатель равен одним суткам    &#xA;&#xA;    EndIf    &#xA;EndIf &#xA;&#xA;If ObjectA is `средний род` Then&#xA;&#xA;    If ObjectB is `мужской род` Then&#xA;        ObjectA равно одному ObjectB       // ребро равно одному метру&#xA;&#xA;    else If ObjectB is `средний род` Then&#xA;        ObjectA равно одному ObjectB      // ребро равно одному числу&#xA;&#xA;    else If ObjectB is `женский род` Then&#xA;        ObjectA равно одной ObjectB       // ребро равно одной сажени  &#xA;&#xA;    else If ObjectB are `множественное число` Then&#xA;        None &#xA;&#xA;    EndIf    &#xA;EndIf&#xA;&#xA;If ObjectA is `женский род` Then&#xA;&#xA;    If ObjectB is `мужской род` Then&#xA;        ObjectA равна одному ObjectB       // длина равна одному метру&#xA;&#xA;    else If ObjectB is `средний род` Then&#xA;        ObjectA равна одному ObjectB       // длина равна одному числу&#xA;&#xA;    else If ObjectB is `женский род` Then&#xA;        ObjectA равна одной ObjectB       // длина равна одной сажени&#xA;&#xA;    else If ObjectB are `множественное число` Then&#xA;        ObjectA равна одним ObjectB       // Норма равна одним суткам&#xA;&#xA;    EndIf    &#xA;EndIf&#xA;&#xA;If ObjectA are `множественное число` Then&#xA;&#xA;    If ObjectB is `мужской род` Then&#xA;        ObjectA равны одному ObjectB       // неизвестные равны одному метру&#xA;&#xA;    else If ObjectB is `средний род` Then&#xA;        ObjectA равны одному ObjectB       // неизвестные равны одному числу&#xA;&#xA;    else If ObjectB is `женский род` Then&#xA;        ObjectA равна одной ObjectB       // неизвестные равны одной сажени&#xA;&#xA;    else If ObjectB are `множественное число` Then&#xA;        ObjectA равны одним ObjectB       // периоды равны одним суткам&#xA;&#xA;    EndIf    &#xA;EndIf&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;additional examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Икс квадрат &lt;em&gt;равен&lt;/em&gt; одному метру. Чему равен икс?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Расстояние &lt;em&gt;равно&lt;/em&gt; одному дюйму.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Неизвестное &lt;em&gt;равно&lt;/em&gt; одной сажени.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Сумма двух чисел &lt;em&gt;равна&lt;/em&gt; одному из них. Чему равно это число?   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;code&gt;равен/равна/равно/равны&lt;/code&gt; are setted by genders or plural forms of operations or functions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Результат возведения в квадрат -- квадрат [числа];       мужской род&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Результат вычисления синуса    -- синус [числа];         мужской род&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Результат произведения         -- произведение [чисел];  средний род&lt;/code&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы полностью последовательны и логичны (there is a full consistency):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;i^2 = 4       и квадрат       равен четырем&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;i^2 = 5       квадрат и       равен четырем&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;sin(i) = 1/2  синус и         равен одной второй&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Div E = 0     дивергенция йэ  равна нулю&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Div X = 0     дивергенция икс равна нулю&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Результат сложения -- сумма [чисел]; женский род&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;a+b = 2&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;а плюс бэ    равно двум&lt;/code&gt; ( Plus was read aloud as a letter or glyph )&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;a+b = 2&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;сумма а и бэ равна двум&lt;/code&gt; ( setted by genders )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-04-06T20:49:06.960" LastActivityDate="2015-04-06T20:49:06.960" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8449" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-06T14:24:10.880" Score="5" ViewCount="2612" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been learning Russian for a year now. I took a trip to somewhere where there are many Russian speaking peoples. I realized that I use мойи моя incorrectly. Can someone please help me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5299" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-16T05:55:15.647" LastActivityDate="2017-05-16T05:55:15.647" Title="When do I use &quot;мой&quot; и &quot;моя&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8449" CreationDate="2015-04-06T14:48:19.147" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_gender&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;grammatical gender&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мой&lt;/strong&gt; is used for &lt;strong&gt;masculine&lt;/strong&gt; objects:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мой дом, мой планшет, мой любимый (мужчина).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Моя&lt;/strong&gt; is used for &lt;strong&gt;feminine&lt;/strong&gt; objects:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;моя машина, моя сеть, моя любимая (женщина).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You haven't mentioned but as there are three genders in Russian language there is also &lt;strong&gt;моё&lt;/strong&gt; that is used for &lt;strong&gt;neuter gender&lt;/strong&gt; objects:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;моё окно, моё видение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S.: As you may have noticed all of them are used for animate and inanimate objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4630" LastActivityDate="2015-04-06T14:48:19.147" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8433" CreationDate="2015-04-06T16:40:42.347" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;These variants are there to indicate the degree of familiarity or the degree of respect accorded to the person. In your example, Ekaterina is a full name, and it would typically be used in a very formal context together with a patronymic, e. g. Ekaterina Ivanovna, if her father's name happens to be Ivan. This is the most respectful form of address that you would use to speak to your teacher, your boss, or any person much older than you. I may be old fashioned, but this is how I address my in-laws. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Friends and colleagues would probably use Katya. Katen'ka or Katyusha are the diminutive forms of the name Ekaterina reserved for closest friends and family.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is all very similar to Johnny vs. John vs. Mr. Smith, although a bit more nuanced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2015-04-06T16:40:42.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8433" CreationDate="2015-04-06T19:04:09.160" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dont bother with different forms, as the Dima said, they are used to indicate the degree of familiarity or the degree of respect, or cuteness :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually it is very simple, same as in any other language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a standard normal communication &lt;strong&gt;you need only two forms&lt;/strong&gt; - the formal and informal (but you really can use them interchangeably): Elena-Lena, Aleksander-Alex (or Sasha), Maria-Masha, Natalia-Natasha, Vladimir-Vlad, Vyacheslav-Slava, etc...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second form (informal) is more for your friends, buddies, kids, etc...&#xA;First form (more formal) - everyone who is not from the previous group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4848" LastActivityDate="2015-04-06T19:04:09.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8440" CreationDate="2015-04-07T17:01:27.750" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nice question! Really :)&#xA;Lots of misconceptions derived from assumptions.&#xA;Think about it - why do you guys have to use &quot;is&quot; in English?&#xA;Why cant you just say - &quot;my sister dumb&quot;, or &quot;this car red&quot;?&#xA;That's how it is said in Russian, no need to use extra words :)&#xA;No such thing as &quot;is&quot; in Russian (actually there is, its called &quot;есть&quot;, but it's never used in present tense).&#xA;Past tense you should say &quot;был/была...&quot; as &quot;was/were&quot; and so on.&#xA;Remember, verb's ending changes according to who you are talking about (male/female) and the tense you are referring to (past/present/future).&#xA;I know lol, it complicates things a bit, but same rules apply to all Latin group languages (French, Spanish, etc...).&#xA;Get used to it :) the world bigger than it seems. Cheers.&#xA;(p.s. see how I just missed &quot;is&quot; ?) habit :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4848" LastActivityDate="2015-04-07T17:01:27.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8426" CreationDate="2015-04-08T09:27:34.460" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In those two phrases: &lt;code&gt;да ну&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ну да&lt;/code&gt;, the key point for understanding their meaning is that &lt;code&gt;ну&lt;/code&gt; means uncertainty &lt;em&gt;applied on the following thing&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover &lt;code&gt;да&lt;/code&gt; in the beginning of a phrase (e.g. &lt;code&gt;да ну&lt;/code&gt;) means not agreement but rather emotional emphasis: &lt;code&gt;да что же это!&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;what the hell is going on!?&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;да отстань ты&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;get off me!&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;code&gt;да ну ..&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;I have a very strong emotional concerns\uncertainty about ...&lt;/code&gt; (may be strongly negative concerns):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;_да_ *ну* тебя&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;I have _huge negative_ *concerns* about you&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;get off&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;_да_ *ну* что вы&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;I'm _very_ *uncertain* about if you should or should not help me&lt;/code&gt; = very polite form of saying &lt;code&gt;thank you&lt;/code&gt; (typical of 'upper class', even little bit obsolete)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;or just &lt;code&gt;-Пошли в кино! \ -Да ну!&lt;/code&gt; meaning &lt;code&gt;-Let's go to cinema! \ -No I really don't want to! I think that's not goin' worth it!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in &lt;code&gt;ну да&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;да&lt;/code&gt; means just &lt;code&gt;yes&lt;/code&gt;, so &lt;code&gt;ну&lt;/code&gt; is applied on &lt;code&gt;yes&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;code&gt;ну да&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;yes, but I'm not 100% sure about it&lt;/code&gt; (in some cases even meaning that person says &lt;code&gt;yes&lt;/code&gt; meaning &lt;code&gt;no&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But for some strange reason &lt;code&gt;ну&lt;/code&gt; might also be an emphasis word :) (usually coupled with &lt;code&gt;уж&lt;/code&gt; emphasis) meaning more like &lt;code&gt;100% this time!&lt;/code&gt;, while &lt;code&gt;да&lt;/code&gt;-emphasis means more like just &lt;code&gt;I am very emotional&lt;/code&gt;. For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;ну уж нет!&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;No!&lt;/code&gt; (with a very slight &lt;code&gt;not now&lt;/code&gt; meaning)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;ну уж теперь ты попался&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;уж теперь ты попался&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;ну теперь ты попался&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;now you're caught!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact there are &lt;em&gt;plenty of emphasis-words&lt;/em&gt; and they also might combine giving totally opposite meaning, so use them wisely :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most complicated probably is &lt;code&gt;да нет наверное&lt;/code&gt; that is translated word-by-word as &lt;code&gt;yes no maybe&lt;/code&gt;, but actually means &lt;code&gt;I'm very uncertain, but I guess the answer is no&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5158" LastActivityDate="2015-04-08T09:27:34.460" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8458" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8460" CreationDate="2015-04-08T18:46:01.873" Score="4" ViewCount="489" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed this inverted (by English standards) pattern where можно follows an infinitive several times and have often wondered what the force of this inversion is. I may be wrong, but I would consider можно + inf the unmarked order. Then I saw this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Антон, пожалуйста скинь ссылочку на Анки. Я так понимаю, там слова&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;учить можно&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;¿How does this differ from theoretical &lt;strong&gt;там можно учить слова&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this order somehow reinforce the potential result along the lines of English &lt;em&gt;you can really...&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;it's really good for...&lt;/em&gt; Otherwise it seems to me that it would just be stating the obvious: &lt;em&gt;I understand you can learn words there.&lt;/em&gt; (duh!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...and what of &lt;strong&gt;обалдеть можно&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;охуеть можно&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;повеситься можно&lt;/strong&gt;, and other such exclamations? My guess is again increased potential to the effect of &lt;em&gt;it's enough to make you...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-04-10T07:16:30.827" LastActivityDate="2015-04-10T14:46:41.607" Title="phrases with infinitive + можно" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8458" CreationDate="2015-04-08T19:20:23.953" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian language has, in many cases, a free order of words. &lt;strong&gt;It does not mean that when you speak Russian, you can randomly/arbitrarily reorder words.&lt;/strong&gt; Usually, changing the order from the &quot;default&quot; one conveys some additional meaning, i. e. emphasis on some word.  But when &lt;strong&gt;reading&lt;/strong&gt; Russian texts, you should first and foremost look at the grammar forms of words, not on their order. You will often see unusual order of words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, let us return to the text you saw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Антон, пожалуйста скинь ссылочку на Анки. Я так понимаю там &lt;strong&gt;слова учить можно&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the order of words is unusual, the emphasis is often on the last word. Here, the emphasis is on the word &lt;strong&gt;можно&lt;/strong&gt;, thats why the unusual order of words. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Another thing is, the punctuation is horrible. The correct punctuation would be &lt;code&gt;Антон, пожалуйста, скинь ссылочку на Анки. Я так понимаю, там слова учить можно.&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;and what of обалдеть можно, охуеть можно, повеситься можно, and other&#xA;  such exclamations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is different from the previous case. Here verb+можно makes a highly emotional expression. Note that such expressions are highly colloquial and &quot;silly&quot;, don't use them in intelligent conversation or formal talk. In some of such expressions you can omit можно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Обалдеть!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Охуеть!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Офигеть!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(But not &quot;повеситься!&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes people intentionally write the word with silly speller error: the letter &quot;а&quot; instead of &quot;о&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Абалдеть.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Афигеть.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a similar expression &quot;Убиться веником!&quot; (or sometimes &quot;убиццо веником&quot;, &quot;убиццо веникам&quot;).  Again, such expressions are emotional, very colloquial, and foolish, never ever use them in business letters, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2015-04-08T19:29:28.937" LastActivityDate="2015-04-08T19:29:28.937" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8458" CreationDate="2015-04-08T22:24:43.807" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say it's not so much to do with &lt;em&gt;можно&lt;/em&gt; as with the general tendency of colloquial Russian towards SOV rather than SVO; &lt;em&gt;можно&lt;/em&gt;, being the effective &quot;verb&quot; of the sentence, gets the last place. Note also how &lt;em&gt;слова&lt;/em&gt; precedes &lt;em&gt;учить&lt;/em&gt;, again reversing the standard word order in favour of a more casual-sounding one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh, and regarding &lt;em&gt;я так понимаю&lt;/em&gt;: it's not really &quot;I understand&quot; here, but a &quot;correct me if I'm wrong&quot;-type expression which &lt;em&gt;usually&lt;/em&gt; presumes that the listener actually has more information. It stops just short of being a question: &quot;you can learn words there, right?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-04-09T18:01:54.993" LastActivityDate="2015-04-09T18:01:54.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8458" CreationDate="2015-04-09T00:37:12.663" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Порядок слов (words order):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Простая идея                  Идея простая&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;A simple idea               The idea is simple&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Антон идет в школу           В школу идет Антон&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Anton goes to school     It is Anton who goes to school&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Икс стремится к нулю        К нулю стремится икс&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;x goes to 0             It is x who/which goes to 0&lt;/code&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вектор определяется этими условиями&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;A vector is said to be defined by the conditions&lt;/code&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Этими условиями определяется вектор&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;The conditions are said to define a vector&lt;/code&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;code&gt;о**еть можно&lt;/code&gt;&quot; — ultimate insult in front of a woman or in a decorous place. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5185" LastEditDate="2015-04-09T23:22:25.740" LastActivityDate="2015-04-09T23:22:25.740" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8440" CreationDate="2015-04-09T12:30:38.083" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In russian language word &quot;is&quot; is often optional.&#xA;I can say: Я Олег (I am Oleg) and Я есть Олег (I am Oleg).&#xA;But second form is very rarely used. And &quot;есть&quot; in second sentences sounds redundantly&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5232" LastActivityDate="2015-04-09T12:30:38.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8464" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-09T17:03:04.883" Score="8" ViewCount="1541" Body="&lt;p&gt;A children's riddle asks &lt;code&gt;А и Б сидели на трубе. А упало, Б пропало - что осталось на трубе?&lt;/code&gt; &#xA; &lt;a href=&quot;http://folklor.academic.ru/12/%D0%90_%D0%B8_%D0%91_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5._%D0%90_%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE,_%D0%91_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE_-_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Правописание(Spelling)&lt;/a&gt;. The answer is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;И!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you search the web you will find an approximately equal number of&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;А упал&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;, Б пропал&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Qestion is:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;И осталось на трубе!&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;И осталась на трубе!&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;А упало&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;А упала&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us say:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;А, Б, Икс, и Бета, Гамма, все сидели на трубе&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Then:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;А упало, Б пропало, Икс упал, Бета упала и Гамма пропала&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как правильно?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Какое здесь правило?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;----- UPDATE -----&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Суммируя сказанное из ответов, и ставя новые вопросы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Буквы.&lt;/strong&gt; Согласно словарю Ушакова и словарю фразеологизмов, буквы русского алфавита есть среднего рода. Действительно. В школе учитель русского языка, тщательно проговаривая, поясняет:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;    здесь &lt;i&gt;а&lt;/i&gt; — долгое, &lt;i&gt;к&lt;/i&gt; здесь глухое, &lt;i&gt;й&lt;/i&gt; краткое.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако в логическом или математическом смысле пояснения на примерах нельзя назвать правилом, поскольку есть контрпримеры: &lt;code&gt;Ъ, Ь&lt;/code&gt;. Полностью логичное правило не может заключать в себе противоречащие ему примеры. Думаю, именно поэтому никто правило в явном виде не сформулировал. Плохо то, что мы оказываемся в ситуации, когда вынуждены каждый раз извлекать это правило индивидуально и учитывать контрпримеры. Здесь можно посочувствовать иностранцу, изучающему русский язык.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Звуки.&lt;/strong&gt; Посмотрим еще раз на наш пример, подразумевая его звучащим:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;    А и Б сидели на трубе.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Читая отдельно стоящие буквы, мы озвучиваем звуки, им соответствующие.&#xA;В нашей детской загадке трудная ее часть состоит в том, чтобы звук &lt;code&gt;&lt;i&gt;и&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/code&gt; объективировался в сознании слушателя в один однородный ряд: &#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;    Звук &lt;i&gt;а&lt;/i&gt;, звук &lt;i&gt;и&lt;/i&gt;, звук &lt;i&gt;б&lt;/i&gt;.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt; Или в ряд: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;    Буква &lt;i&gt;а&lt;/i&gt;, буква &lt;i&gt;и&lt;/i&gt;, буква &lt;i&gt;б&lt;/i&gt;.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt; &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но в первом предложении загадки наше подсознание машинально выдает подсказку: здесь две буквы, соединенные союзом &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Имена.&lt;/strong&gt; Однако, у каждой буквы есть еще ее имя, мнемоническое. Например, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;а — Аз, б — Буки, в — Веди, ъ — твёрдый знак, ...&#xA;α — Альфа, β — Бета, γ — Гамма, ...&#xA;y — Игрек, x — Икс, h — Эйч, ...&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С этих позиций модифицируем загадку и рассмотрим в качестве нового примера.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt; A new riddle:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;А, Б, Икс, и Бета, Гамма, с твердым знаком, все сидели на трубе. А упало, Б пропало, Икс упал и твердый знак упал, Бета упала и Гамма пропала. Что осталось на трубе?&lt;br&gt;    &#xA;Answer is: И! &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теперь мы видим, в чем была проблема. В этом предложении смешаны: звуки и имена букв. Правила для звуков, букв и имен разные.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Правило.&lt;/b&gt; Поэтому, правило должно звучать так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;а)&lt;/b&gt; минимально возможное краткое звучание буквы (вообще, глифа) относят к среднему роду. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;    &lt;i&gt;а&lt;/i&gt; долгое.&#xA;    &lt;i&gt;б&lt;/i&gt; звонкое.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не все глифы (начертания знаков) имеют соответствующий краткий звук. Например, следующие глифы имеют только имена:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;    Ъ, (, $, %, §, ... .   &lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Буквы из иностранного алфавита будем считать начертаниями с неизвестным звучанием. Указывать (ссылаться) на них следует по имени. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;б)&lt;/strong&gt; если указывают на букву (глиф) по её имени, которое дано для глифа как мнемоника, а не как краткое звучание, например,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;    Эйч, Альфа, Игрек, твердый знак, левая скобка, ... ,  &lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;то имя буквы (глифа) определяет род, и в соответствие этому роду ставят в нужной форме подчиненные слова. Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;х равен пяти.&#xA;гамма равна трём.&#xA;напечатана левая скобка.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Согласны ли вы с таким правилом?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Есть ли обоснованные возражения (контрпримеры-исключения)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-04-10T15:42:29.463" LastActivityDate="2015-04-10T15:42:29.463" Title="A children's riddle asks: 'А и Б сидели на трубе. А упало, Б пропало — что осталось на трубе?'" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;род&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8464" CreationDate="2015-04-09T17:31:02.473" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, there are two ways of looking at it. Strictly and formally speaking, the riddle would be about the &lt;strong&gt;letters&lt;/strong&gt; (буквы, in singular, буква), which are of &lt;strong&gt;feminine gender&lt;/strong&gt; and should be used with the ending -а in this case.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But then, informally and in oral speech, what is А, exactly? It's not a letter, because letters aren't something that belongs to the world of the verbal. They are &lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt;, and something (что-то, an &lt;strong&gt;indefinite pronoun&lt;/strong&gt;) has a &lt;strong&gt;neuter gender&lt;/strong&gt;, and calls for the ending -о in this case.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And since a children's riddle is something of informal and oral speech, the second version is much more appealing, although there's a way to substantiate the first one, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4592" LastActivityDate="2015-04-09T17:31:02.473" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8464" CreationDate="2015-04-09T17:45:14.497" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The trick of this riddle is that a person who hears it thinks there are two objects on a pipe &lt;code&gt;А&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Б&lt;/code&gt;. Then after &lt;code&gt;А упало, Б пропало&lt;/code&gt; (A fell down, B disappeared) it seems that nothing is on the pipe. But there is also another way of treating the phrase &lt;code&gt;А и Б&lt;/code&gt;. It's &lt;code&gt;А, И, Б&lt;/code&gt; which is pronounced alike. And in this case after &lt;code&gt;А&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Б&lt;/code&gt; have left the pipe, &lt;code&gt;И&lt;/code&gt; remains on it. That's why it's the answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in your example &lt;code&gt;А, Б, Икс, и Бета, Гамма, все сидели на трубе&lt;/code&gt;, you should say &lt;code&gt;А упало, Б пропало, Икс пропало, Бета пропало, Гамма пропало. Что осталось на трубе?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the gender of &lt;code&gt;А&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Б&lt;/code&gt;, I agree with @Francis Drake. It's neuter because &lt;code&gt;А&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Б&lt;/code&gt; are some abstract undefined terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastActivityDate="2015-04-09T17:45:14.497" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8464" CreationDate="2015-04-09T21:24:39.463" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe this A and Б reffer to word &lt;em&gt;буква&lt;/em&gt; (letter). And &lt;em&gt;буква&lt;/em&gt; is feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5324" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2015-04-09T22:40:49.323" LastActivityDate="2015-04-09T22:40:49.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8464" CreationDate="2015-04-10T05:11:00.607" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://ushakovdictionary.ru/word.php?wordid=3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ushakov's dictionary&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://ushakovdictionary.ru/word.php?wordid=3843&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;says&lt;/a&gt; that the names of the Russian letters are all neuter (except for ь and ъ that end in знак which is masculine). The riddle is about the letters, so the correct answer is:&#xA;&lt;code&gt;упало, пропало, осталось&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-04-10T05:11:00.607" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8458" CreationDate="2015-04-10T14:46:41.607" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sorry cannot comment yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think @Nikolay Ershov is absolutely correct saying that &quot;Я так понимаю&quot; is equivalent to &quot;correct me if I'm wrong&quot; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я так понимаю, там слова учить можно.&quot; - sounds very much as a question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я так понимаю&quot; seems takes the emphasis away from &quot;там&quot;. And therefore, &quot;можно&quot; has more weight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast, in the sentence &quot;Tам слова учить можно.&quot;, &quot;Tам&quot; takes the priority (unless you intentionally vocalize the emphasis on &quot;можно&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5243" LastActivityDate="2015-04-10T14:46:41.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8472" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8475" CreationDate="2015-04-11T16:13:04.687" Score="1" ViewCount="370" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't explain difference for english native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am sure there are some differences, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он выглядит более уверенным чем кажется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне кажется, мы потеряем деньги.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I can't expain it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="455" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-04-12T05:54:53.760" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T22:46:49.853" Title="Difference between Кажется и Выглядит" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8472" CreationDate="2015-04-11T16:43:05.943" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Выглядит&quot; could mean either &quot;is like&quot; or &quot;looks like&quot; depending on context. &quot;Кажется&quot; always means just &quot;seem&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-04-11T16:48:46.300" LastActivityDate="2015-04-11T16:48:46.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8472" CreationDate="2015-04-11T18:38:03.207" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If person says &quot;Кажется&quot;, he doubts! &quot;Кажется&quot; has a bit of doubt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5232" LastActivityDate="2015-04-11T18:38:03.207" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8472" CreationDate="2015-04-11T18:54:44.667" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Кажется&lt;/code&gt; имеет возвратную частицу &lt;i&gt;-ся&lt;/i&gt; &lt;code&gt;на себя&lt;/code&gt;. Это грамматически сохранилось в польском языке, а в русском языке ушло в морфологическую форму:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;  mi się wydaje      (Polish)&#xA;       \&#xA;        \&#xA;         \&#xA;мне кажет ся         (Russian)&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возвратная частица &lt;i&gt;-ся&lt;/i&gt; обозначает &quot;действия на себя, внутрь себя, между собой&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;    Они целуются.           Действие между собой.&#xA;    Болт вворачивается.     Сам, магически-автоматически :)&#xA;    Ему кажется.            Видит свои мысленные образы. Бредит, галлюцинирует.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С другой стороны, я бы акцентировал, что приставка &lt;code&gt;вы-&lt;/code&gt;, как правило, обозначает выдать наружу (вне, из себя).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;     вы-дать          -- initial --&#xA;     вы-глядеть       выдать свой образ для всех&#xA;     вы-бросить       выдать быстро наружу&#xA;     вы-лить          выдать что-то жидкое, что льется&#xA;     вы-ставить       выдать, оставить там&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Следовательно, один выдает, второй принимает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;    Он выглядит &lt;b&gt;для всех&lt;/b&gt; как ..., но &lt;b&gt;мне&lt;/b&gt; кажется, что ...&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В конкретном примере из вопроса &lt;code&gt;Он выглядит более уверенным чем кажется.&lt;/code&gt; логика требует разделить в пространстве (или во времени), кто передатчик, а кто приемник.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-04-11T23:31:29.137" LastActivityDate="2015-04-11T23:31:29.137" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8476" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-11T21:20:21.947" Score="6" ViewCount="774" Body="&lt;p&gt;Price-match, frankly, appears to almost be a single word in English, however, it is surprisingly missing from the dictionary, and translate tools don't seem to do the justice, either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/search?q=price+match&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.google.com/search?q=price+match&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Also at &lt;a href=&quot;https://archive.today/wTksp&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://archive.today/wTksp&lt;/a&gt;, but results aren't as relevant as what you get in .us.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Walmart Ad Match Guarantee&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We're committed to providing low prices every day. On everything. So if you find a lower advertised price on an identical product, tell us and we'll match it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Price Match Guarantee - Best Buy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Best Buy Price Match Guarantee ensures we won't be beat on price. We'll match the product prices of key online and local competitors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shop with Confidence | Target Corporate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Price match may be requested prior to your purchase. Simply bring in proof of the current lower price, your original receipt and we'll match the price at the Guest ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Amazon.com Help: About Price Matching&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Amazon.com consistently works toward maintaining competitive prices on everything we carry and will match the price of other retailers for some items.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Price Match Guarantee - Staples&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Get answers to your questions about Staples' price match guarantee, how to find deals and offers, and the process for buying and redeeming gift cards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Price Match Guarantee, We Match Competitors - Toys&quot;R&quot;Us, Babies ...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Toys&quot;R&quot;Us is the ultimate destination for matching competitive pricing ads. To prove it, we're matching competitors' in-store pricing on ALL products in our store!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;RPromise | Price Match | RadioShack www.radioshack.com/rpromise&#xA;‎&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The RadioShack RPromise eliminated the need to shop around because we will match the price so you get the best deal! RadioShack.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Price Match Policy - Office Supplies, Furniture, Technology at Office ...  www.officedepot.com/a/customerservice/lowprice/&#xA;‎&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Office Depot/OfficeMax stores and Officedepot.com/OfficeMax.com will gladly match the price on a new identical item sold by any retailer who sells products in  ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;5 Price-Match Policies You Should Read Closely - US News&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Dec 15, 2014 ... But price matching isn't always as easy as it sounds. Due to long lists of exclusions, it's often hard to tell when your purchase qualifies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1665" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T10:13:27.477" Title="Как перевести &quot;price match&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8426" CreationDate="2015-04-11T23:30:19.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have to carefully note an intonation of people spelling &quot;да ну&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;As previous people had mentioned, meaning depends on intonation and could mean &quot;yes&quot;, and could mean &quot;I am not sure&quot; and could mean &quot;no&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Quite often &quot;да ну&quot; is used as a sound to express feeling with the intonation rather than raw meaning of a words spelled.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Imagining the actual scene that conversation happenned, I think it was used by the girl more like just some sound to express her intention to a man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5331" LastActivityDate="2015-04-11T23:30:19.563" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8478" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-12T00:17:04.840" Score="1" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;Traditionally, the capital letter is very rarely used in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even the language itself, русский, traditionally starts with a lower case letter itself, in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, what is the reason that a lot of official documents appear to capitalise the word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fms.gov.ru/programs/fmsuds/legal/details/39591/7/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.fms.gov.ru/programs/fmsuds/legal/details/39591/7/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(в ред. Указа Президента РФ от 31.12.2003 N 1545)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(абзац введен Указом Президента РФ от 03.11.2006 N 1226)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(May I point out that, perhaps, the number sign itself is not entirely correct, too -- shouldn't it be № as well?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1665" LastActivityDate="2015-04-12T02:58:45.510" Title="Нужно ли писать слово Указ с заглавной буквы?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1893" CreationDate="2015-04-12T00:43:40.883" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Иногда &quot;фантазия&quot; произносится как &quot;хвантазия&quot;, &quot;ф&quot; -&amp;gt; &quot;хв&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;первая буква расщепляется на два звука.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5331" LastActivityDate="2015-04-12T00:43:40.883" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8476" CreationDate="2015-04-12T02:28:26.953" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;М.Видео использует понятие &lt;em&gt;продажа товара по цене конкурента&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mvideo.ru/ppc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.mvideo.ru/ppc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5332" LastActivityDate="2015-04-12T02:28:26.953" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8478" CreationDate="2015-04-12T02:58:45.510" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Russian the first word of the title of the legislative act is always capitalized (e.g. &quot;Указ Президента&quot;, &quot;Трудовой кодекс&quot;). Exceptions are subordinate legislations (&quot;постановление Правительства&quot;) and projects (&quot;проект указа&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using Latin &quot;N&quot; instead of &quot;№&quot; was allowed since typewriting. I believe it's not just site's fault and it's still legal to use &quot;N&quot; in law docs. (BTW. Russian banks insist on exclusive usage of &quot;N&quot; in domestic payment orders).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-04-12T02:58:45.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8476" CreationDate="2015-04-12T03:18:27.823" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another example is &quot;Защита цены&quot; by &quot;Эльдорадо&quot; (another big Russian retailer): &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eldorado.com.ua/low_price&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.eldorado.com.ua/low_price&lt;/a&gt; (it's an ukrainian site but the page is in Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also sometimes &quot;гарантия низких цен&quot; can be used in the meaning of the &quot;price matching&quot; too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize, Russian market still has no common term for &quot;price matching&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-04-12T03:18:27.823" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8476" CreationDate="2015-04-12T08:18:46.503" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Price match guarantee&quot; in advertising campaigns is usually translated as &lt;em&gt;Гарантия лучшей цены&lt;/em&gt; or sometimes &lt;em&gt;Гарантия наилучшей цены&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Гарантия наилучшей цены распространяется на самые низкие доступные тарифы эконом-классе и бизнес-классе KLM и Northwest Airlines.   (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.klm.com/travel/ru_ru/plan_and_book/ticket_information/best_price_guarantee/index.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;KLM&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Гарантия низкой цены&lt;/em&gt; is also used in the marketing (google finds it on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ozon.ru/context/detail/id/20290569/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ozon.ru&lt;/a&gt; and on several hotel booking sites), although &lt;em&gt;лучшая цена&lt;/em&gt; seems to be more more popular. &#xA;For a native speaker all these variants are pretty much equivalent: they reasonable ok and convey their meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Price match&quot; as the process of checking the competitors' prices does not have a coined term in Russian. I would say «сверить цены»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;цены можно сверить на сайте pricerunner.co.uk&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastEditorUserId="4833" LastEditDate="2015-04-12T19:50:32.677" LastActivityDate="2015-04-12T19:50:32.677" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8487" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8489" CreationDate="2015-04-13T00:11:28.617" Score="6" ViewCount="1952" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I wanted to ask a professor if he would write a letter of recommendation for me and wanted to convey the same feeling as &quot;I was wondering..(if you could write a letter of recommendation for me)&quot; what verb would I use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could I say, Я размышлял, можете ли Вы написать...?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6300" LastActivityDate="2015-04-13T14:54:07.300" Title="How to say &quot;I was wondering&quot; when asking a question" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8488" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8490" CreationDate="2015-04-13T00:18:14.210" Score="5" ViewCount="429" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between всякий and любой? It seems that they both mean &quot;any, every&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6300" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T07:37:27.017" Title="What is the difference between всякий and любой?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8487" CreationDate="2015-04-13T01:26:15.417" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian there are several conversation starters (which is what &lt;code&gt;I was wondering&lt;/code&gt; is) that can be used in informal conversation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я тут подумал, а не сходить ли нам на рыбалку&#xA;Мне тут пришла мысль, не создать ли нам рок-группу&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see in the example above I have used them in the context of an informal request. The examples above in my opinion have slightly different &quot;feeling&quot; as to &lt;code&gt;I was wondering&lt;/code&gt; even if they literally mean the same. In English the phrase implies a polite request, in Russian the phrases above have more informal meaning. They will not be applicable to request a professor to write a recommendation letter. In such cases I would start a conversation with a description of my current situation and then used something like &lt;code&gt;не затруднит ли Вас...&lt;/code&gt;, like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Здравствуйте Александр Николаевич. &#xA;Через неделю у меня интервью на работу. &#xA;Не затруднит ли Вас написать рекомендательное письмо...&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2273" LastActivityDate="2015-04-13T01:26:15.417" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8488" CreationDate="2015-04-13T03:09:56.047" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;любой&lt;/em&gt; straight-up means &quot;any&quot;; &lt;em&gt;всякий&lt;/em&gt; is more along the lines of &quot;every kind of&quot;, &quot;all manner of&quot;, etc. &lt;em&gt;всякий&lt;/em&gt; sees a lot more colloquial usage, but when it's occasionally used directly instead of &lt;em&gt;любой&lt;/em&gt; it actually sounds more bookish and antiquated (&lt;em&gt;Всякий, кто осмелится войти, понесёт наказание&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-04-13T03:09:56.047" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8487" CreationDate="2015-04-13T03:47:22.140" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another option is &quot;не могли бы Вы&quot; or &quot;не можете ли Вы&quot;. This sounds &quot;polite&quot; enough. Note the negative part &quot;не&quot; in all variants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-04-13T03:47:22.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8488" CreationDate="2015-04-13T06:25:18.330" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Nikolay Ershov noted before, differences do occur. As an added illustration: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;     в любое время              всякий раз            каждый раз&#xA;      at any time               every time            each time&#xA;&#xA;     любой человек             всякий человек        каждый человек&#xA;        anyone                   everyone              everyone&#xA;&#xA;      любой день                всякий день           каждый день&#xA;    a day, any day               every day         day by day, daily&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;      &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this is self-explanatory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-04-13T06:25:18.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8487" CreationDate="2015-04-13T06:40:09.553" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another starter sentence is &lt;em&gt;Я хотел Вас спросить...&lt;/em&gt; (if you are male) or &lt;em&gt;Я хотела Вас спросить...&lt;/em&gt; (if you are a woman).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &lt;em&gt;Я хотел Вас спросить, могли ли Вы написать для меня рекомендательное письмо?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1640" LastEditorUserId="1640" LastEditDate="2015-04-13T06:53:50.890" LastActivityDate="2015-04-13T06:53:50.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8487" CreationDate="2015-04-13T14:54:07.300" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Could I say, Я размышлял, можете ли Вы написать...?&quot; - sounds wrong. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&quot;размышлять&quot;, I would translate as &quot;to contemplate/reflect&quot;.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&quot;Я (по)думал(a)&quot; - &quot;I've been thinking&quot;, is more common. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, I would probably use: &quot;Я хотел(а) &amp;lt;бы y&gt; Вас попросить/спросить&quot; - &quot;I would like to ask you&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5243" LastActivityDate="2015-04-13T14:54:07.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8495" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-13T16:28:18.000" Score="7" ViewCount="902" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the word &lt;code&gt;Бог&lt;/code&gt; (Nom. Sg.) end in a sound like &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;х&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5337" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-06-05T07:26:33.693" LastActivityDate="2020-10-18T18:10:23.640" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;Бог&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8495" CreationDate="2015-04-13T16:36:57.553" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The spelling &quot;г&quot; is due to old pronunciation. But in modern Russian, we usually say &quot;Бох&quot; due to Church Slavonic (although in Church Slavonic spelling the word still ends in &quot;гъ&quot;). Also sometimes people say &quot;Бок&quot;, but this is thought to be an error.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-07-20T18:13:55.147" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T18:13:55.147" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8495" CreationDate="2015-04-14T04:49:18.870" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pronunciation is [бог] in standard Russian, in general context (outside of idioms). This follows the general Russian rules of devoicing at the end in certain circumstances so it can become [бок] before voiceless consonants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-10-18T18:10:23.640" LastActivityDate="2020-10-18T18:10:23.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8500" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8502" CreationDate="2015-04-14T14:02:19.307" Score="3" ViewCount="276" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that &lt;strong&gt;лишний раз&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;once more&lt;/em&gt; in the sense of being reminded of something once again, or something serving as &lt;em&gt;just another&lt;/em&gt; example of something. However I'm at a complete loss to understand it's meaning in the following sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;лишний раз&lt;/strong&gt; дома не останусь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Лишний раз&lt;/strong&gt; выходить не хочется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Лишний раз&lt;/strong&gt; помогать ему не хочется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-04-14T18:53:09.730" LastActivityDate="2015-04-14T21:47:08.697" Title="meaning of лишний раз" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8501" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8504" CreationDate="2015-04-14T14:04:18.417" Score="0" ViewCount="211" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a word such as &lt;code&gt;женат&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;замужем&lt;/code&gt; for homosexuals? Which would they use (in case they married in another country and came to Russia afterwards)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4962" LastActivityDate="2015-04-14T14:58:45.100" Title="Is there a word such as женат and замужем for homosexuals?" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-04-14T17:08:07.013" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8502" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8500" CreationDate="2015-04-14T14:22:13.410" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Idiomatically, the best equivalent is probably &quot;...if I don't have to&quot;. If that doesn't explain the literal choice of words, you can think of it this way: &quot;I could &lt;em&gt;spare&lt;/em&gt; myself an act of staying at home / going outside / helping him&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-04-14T14:22:13.410" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8500" CreationDate="2015-04-14T14:23:55.747" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &lt;code&gt;avoid if I don't have to&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;лишний раз&lt;/strong&gt; дома не останусь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;I avoid staying at home if I don't have to.&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Лишний раз&lt;/strong&gt; выходить не хочется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;I don't want to go out if I don't have to.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;I avoid going out if I don't have to.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Лишний раз&lt;/strong&gt; помогать ему не хочется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;I don't want to help him if I don't have to.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;I avoid helping him if I don't have to.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-04-14T18:53:47.580" LastActivityDate="2015-04-14T18:53:47.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8501" CreationDate="2015-04-14T14:58:45.100" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's hard to imagine exact replacement for &lt;em&gt;женат&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;замужем&lt;/em&gt; in homosexual case. I think most neutral construction (for both men and women) would use a verb:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы поженились. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More elaborated answer: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/8158/4630&quot;&gt;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/8158/4630&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4630" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-04-14T14:58:45.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8500" CreationDate="2015-04-14T16:03:04.833" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The focus is on the &lt;code&gt;лишний&lt;/code&gt;, which has the principal meaning: spare, extra. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a memory cell has a storage capacity of 2 bits, then 3-rd bit is &lt;code&gt;лишний&lt;/code&gt; (cell overflow). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  Лишний &lt;b&gt;X&lt;/b&gt; causes &lt;b&gt;X&lt;/b&gt; to overflow something. &#xA;&#xA;  Лишний &lt;b&gt;раз&lt;/b&gt; causes ...&#xA;          |&#xA;      once more &#xA;          |&#xA;          be not relevant, serve no useful end.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-04-14T16:03:04.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8500" CreationDate="2015-04-14T21:35:44.907" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If person speaks &quot;Я лишний раз дома не останусь.&quot;, it means that he doesn't want to be at home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine that some person was two days at home because he needed, but he didn't want to stay at home.&#xA;But on 3rd day he doesn't need to be at home, so this person quickly go away from his home. He doesn't want to be at home once more time (лишний раз). Он не хочет быть дома &lt;strong&gt;лишний раз&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5232" LastEditorUserId="5232" LastEditDate="2015-04-14T21:47:08.697" LastActivityDate="2015-04-14T21:47:08.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8508" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-15T03:27:32.847" Score="3" ViewCount="273" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please tell me how to translate &lt;strong&gt;No ads edition&lt;/strong&gt; to Russian. Thank you very much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5343" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-04-17T11:46:16.067" LastActivityDate="2015-04-17T11:46:16.067" Title="How to translate &quot;No ads edition&quot; to Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8508" CreationDate="2015-04-15T07:29:23.627" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Proper translation will be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Версия без рекламы &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.ru/search?q=%22%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%22&amp;amp;oq=%22%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%22&quot;&gt;Google proof&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4630" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2015-04-15T20:01:11.927" LastActivityDate="2015-04-15T20:01:11.927" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8384" CreationDate="2015-04-17T10:33:21.307" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think &lt;a href=&quot;http://openlanguage.com/library/learn-russian/13/complimentary-russian-course/28&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;OpenLanguage RusPod&lt;/a&gt; is a good one.. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5281" LastActivityDate="2015-04-17T10:33:21.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8400" CreationDate="2015-04-17T10:50:52.090" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Согласно, например, Словарю иностранных слов Комлева Н.Г 2006 года, допустимы оба варианта.&#xA;Поискать по словарям можно тут: &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://dic.academic.ru/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5354" LastActivityDate="2015-04-17T10:50:52.090" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8512" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8514" CreationDate="2015-04-17T15:11:31.237" Score="6" ViewCount="4283" Body="&lt;p&gt;В русском языке есть слово, оканчивающееся на три &quot;е&quot; подряд: &quot;длинношеее&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По поводу еще одного слова с тремя &quot;е&quot; подряд - &quot;змееед&quot; в интернете ведутся споры. Некоторые утверждают что слова &quot;змее&lt;strong&gt;Е&lt;/strong&gt;д&quot; не существует, правильно писать &quot;змее&lt;strong&gt;Я&lt;/strong&gt;д&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И все-таки является ли правильным словом &quot;змееед&quot;? Или все-таки правильно &quot;змееяд&quot;? Есть ли разница в значении этих слов?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2021-04-11T19:26:02.460" Title="Как правильно: змееед или змееяд?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8512" CreationDate="2015-04-17T17:46:46.673" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Змееяда&quot; встречал один раз, в довольно старом переводе Майн Рида. И помню, если не ошибаюсь, более поздний перевод, где был уже &quot;змееед&quot;. Не знаю, с чего бы считать &quot;змеееда&quot; неправильным. Похоже на новую находку наивных сетевых прескриптивистов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-04-17T17:46:46.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8512" CreationDate="2015-04-17T18:53:36.937" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The bird of prey is definitely called &lt;em&gt;змееяд&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;орёл-змееяд&lt;/em&gt; in Russian. I've never seen it called &lt;em&gt;змееед&lt;/em&gt;, and it's not mentioned in the dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It uses the OCS rendition of the second root, similar to &lt;em&gt;травоядное&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;тунеядец&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we're talking about a constructed word meaning &quot;snake eater&quot; in general, then it would make sense to render it &lt;em&gt;змееед&lt;/em&gt; in Russian, as the pattern is productive and the corpus mentions words like &lt;em&gt;кошкоед&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;говноед&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;кармоед&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;бананоед&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using the same pattern, you could construct more words with three &lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt; in them, like &lt;em&gt;швееед&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;sempstress eater&quot;), &lt;em&gt;фееед&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;fairy eater&quot;) etc. Some of them, like &lt;em&gt;орхидееед&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;сельдерееед&lt;/em&gt;, would even make sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-04-18T16:54:30.687" LastActivityDate="2015-04-18T16:54:30.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8192" CreationDate="2015-04-19T20:28:48.617" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;В большинстве случаев образование этнохоронима обусловлено не правилами, а местным обычием или &quot;сложилось исторически&quot;. Во многих случаях сами жители города называют себя и своих земляков по-разному, например в городах, чьи названия менялись со временем, жители именуют себя более привычным образом.&#xA;Ещё сложнее с городами, чьё название длинно или необычно, как, например Екатеринбург (ранее - Свердловск) или Яя (посёлок в Кемеровской области).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чаще всего, ответить однозначно на вопрос об используемом этнохорониме помогает только опрос местных жителей. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5362" LastActivityDate="2015-04-19T20:28:48.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8516" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-20T00:14:54.797" Score="1" ViewCount="735" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a Russian artist friend who speaks terrible English and I speak terrible Russian. He's sending me this amulet that he made which is small enough to fit in an envelope. How do I explain to him to send it to me using regular mail in an envelope instead of courier mail (ups, fedex, dhl). I'm not able to receive packages I have to sign for here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5364" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T17:29:29.777" Title="How to ask someone to send me a shipment using regular mail instead of courier mail?" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8518" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-20T11:13:06.577" Score="3" ViewCount="317" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the exact difference bewteen &lt;code&gt;явно&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ясно&lt;/code&gt;? Can they be used totally equivalent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Явно, что холодно в Антарктике.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ясно, что холодно в Антарктике.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5337" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-04-20T11:17:53.367" LastActivityDate="2015-04-20T15:02:17.610" Title="&quot;явно&quot; vs &quot;ясно&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8518" CreationDate="2015-04-20T11:28:12.920" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, they are not equivalent. Though both words mean &amp;quot;It's clear that...&amp;quot; the usage is different:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say: &lt;em&gt;Он явно этого ожидал&lt;/em&gt;, but not &lt;em&gt;Он ясно этого ожидал&lt;/em&gt; (however it's possible to say &lt;em&gt;Ясно, что он этого ожидал&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это явное нарушение&lt;/em&gt; - is correct, &lt;em&gt;Это ясное нарушение&lt;/em&gt; - is not (the correct usage is &lt;em&gt;Ясно, что это нарушение&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say: &lt;em&gt;Я ясно выразился?&lt;/em&gt; but not &lt;em&gt;Я явно выразился?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example the better way to write is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В Антарктике явно холодно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ясно, что холодно в Антарктике. (your example is correct here)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; @botichelli's answer gives a good hint on явно/ясно placement in the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-04-20T11:41:26.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8518" CreationDate="2015-04-20T11:28:46.830" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;явно&quot; - it's the synonym for word &quot;obvious&quot; &quot;очевидно&quot; and &quot;ясно&quot; - it's like &quot;can be understood&quot;, but it may be not obvious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your question it's better to use &quot;ясно&quot;.&#xA;&quot;явно&quot; is rare used in the beginning of a phrase. It usually goes together with the statement. &quot;В Антарктике явно холодно&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5370" LastActivityDate="2015-04-20T11:28:46.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8516" CreationDate="2015-04-20T11:37:04.857" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Courier mail is &quot;курьерская доставка&quot;, regular mail - &quot;обычная почта&quot;. In envelope -&quot;в конверте&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &quot;I'm not able to receive packages I have to sign for here&quot; can be said like &quot;Я не могу у себя получать посылки, за которые нужно ставить подпись&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5370" LastActivityDate="2015-04-20T11:37:04.857" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8518" CreationDate="2015-04-20T12:28:06.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Явно cannort be used with что. The phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Явно, что холодно в Антарктике.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is ungrammatical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without что it is grammatical,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Явно холодно в Антарктике.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the meaning is quite strange, it looks like sarcasm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-04-20T12:28:06.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8523" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8527" CreationDate="2015-04-20T12:46:12.113" Score="7" ViewCount="629" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've had many people use this with me but I haven't been able to get a good translation on it. Is it the same as вообще?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6300" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-02T14:46:02.910" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T06:30:37.283" Title="What exactly does &quot;вопще&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8524" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8518" CreationDate="2015-04-20T13:00:03.490" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The closest equivalent to &quot;ясно&quot; is &quot;clear&quot;. Usually any sentence with &quot;ясно&quot; can be directly translated with &quot;clear&quot; while keeping word order (and vice versa, except the Russian sentence often lacks equivalents to &quot;that's&quot;, &quot;it's&quot; and so on). So nothing really special here. BTW, if you really mean &quot;it's obvious&quot;, rather than &quot;it's clear&quot;, the better translation would be &quot;очевидно&quot;, not &quot;ясно&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &quot;явно&quot; originates from the word &quot;явь&quot; which roughly means &quot;reality&quot;. So it badly suits your example as you are probably talking about the place where you have never been. But if you have just stepped upon the frosty ground and beaten in your icy hands, saying &quot;Явно, что в Антарктике холодно&quot; would be perfectly OK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Considering word order in &quot;В Антарктике явно холодно&quot; vs &quot;Явно, что в Антарктике холодно&quot;. The first construction roughly means &quot;in Antarctica it's a reality that...&quot; while the second &quot;it's a reality (here and now) that in Antarctica...&quot; This is why the second one usually sounds as mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-04-20T13:25:52.273" LastActivityDate="2015-04-20T13:25:52.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8523" CreationDate="2015-04-20T14:45:25.257" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you're right. Variations in modern Russian slang:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вообще&lt;/strong&gt;: вобще, вопще, вапще&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Вообще-то&lt;/strong&gt;: вапщета, ващета, &lt;a href=&quot;http://teenslang.su/content/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%82%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;тащемта&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4630" LastActivityDate="2015-04-20T14:45:25.257" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8518" CreationDate="2015-04-20T14:56:03.547" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say the closest equivalent of &lt;code&gt;явно&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;evidently&quot;. Thus it's different from &lt;code&gt;ясно&lt;/code&gt; in that &lt;code&gt;явно&lt;/code&gt; points to an inference of a fact that isn't observed directly, or even necessarily known with certainty to the speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus it's hard to imagine someone saying &lt;code&gt;В Антарктике явно холодно&lt;/code&gt; precisely because it's an established fact. A more likely example (paradoxical as it sounds) would be &lt;code&gt;В Атлантиде явно холодно&lt;/code&gt; — something you'd say if the continent of Atlantis were to re-emerge overnight and turn out to be really far north. And, as people have pointed out, you can't say &lt;code&gt;*явно, что&lt;/code&gt;. There's a (very bookish/formal) verb &lt;code&gt;явствовать&lt;/code&gt; &quot;to be evident&quot; which is used in this sense (always impersonally, and never on its own without any references): &lt;code&gt;Из этого явствует, что...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ясно&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;clearly&quot; and, as such, doesn't need explaining. Just a note on word order: it's &lt;code&gt;Ясно, что в Антарктике холодно&lt;/code&gt; rather than &lt;code&gt;что холодно в Антарктике&lt;/code&gt;, unless you specifically want to say &quot;It's clear that Antarctica is the place where it's cold&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-04-20T15:02:17.610" LastActivityDate="2015-04-20T15:02:17.610" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8523" CreationDate="2015-04-20T15:21:15.887" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вообще&lt;/code&gt; has several intentional misspellings that reflect its colloquial pronunciations; &lt;code&gt;вопще&lt;/code&gt; is just one of them, not in any way preferred to &lt;code&gt;вапще&lt;/code&gt; or even &lt;code&gt;ваще&lt;/code&gt;. All of them are more likely to reflect the, again, colloquial function of &lt;code&gt;вообще&lt;/code&gt; as an emotionally laden &quot;completely&quot; or &quot;totally&quot;, rather than its other meanings (&quot;in general&quot; or &quot;as a matter of fact&quot;); however, nothing stops the &quot;emotional&quot; &lt;code&gt;вообще&lt;/code&gt; from being spelt regularly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-04-20T15:21:15.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8528" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8532" CreationDate="2015-04-20T15:52:57.860" Score="10" ViewCount="451" Body="&lt;p&gt;У глаголов с основой на согласный формы аориста 1 л. ед. ч. (&lt;em&gt;несъ&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;везъ&lt;/em&gt; и т.п.) совпадают с их прошедшим временем ед. ч. м. р. в современном русском. (Которое, разумеется, возникло гораздо позже с утратой конечного &lt;em&gt;-л&lt;/em&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ввиду этого возникает любопытный вопрос о возрасте выражения &lt;code&gt;еб твою мать&lt;/code&gt;: может ли это быть сохранившийся аорист? В сущности, нельзя даже сказать, что сейчас глагольная форма однозначно интерпретируется как прошедшее — а не, скажем, междометный глагол типа &lt;em&gt;хлоп&lt;/em&gt; или &lt;em&gt;прыг&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Искать что-то на эту тему — дело неблагодарное, учитывая, сколько придется продираться через спекуляции и апокрифы (вроде малоубедительного &quot;пса&quot;, который там якобы изначально был субъектом).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-07-17T17:45:22.587" LastActivityDate="2015-07-19T19:08:04.197" Title="Может ли известное ругательство с упоминанием матери быть сохранившимся аористом 1 л. ед. ч.?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8529" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8531" CreationDate="2015-04-21T09:54:20.917" Score="1" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would one translate smartphone-specific words like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Back-Button&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Home-Button&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;App-Menu&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;App-Update&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a way that they are correctly understood in a smartphone-app context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. &quot;The Back-Button has been deactivated. Please use the Home-Button to leave the App.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5372" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T07:46:49.557" Title="Smartphone-specific words" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8529" CreationDate="2015-04-21T11:01:14.400" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Back-Button - &lt;em&gt;Кнопка &quot;Назад&quot; (or just &quot;Назад&quot;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Home-Button - &lt;em&gt;Кнопка &quot;Домой&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;App-Menu -  &lt;em&gt;Меню приложений&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;App-Update - &lt;em&gt;Обновление (or Обновление приложения)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="4630" LastEditDate="2015-04-21T20:10:52.370" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T20:10:52.370" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8529" CreationDate="2015-04-21T12:44:09.107" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Traditionally, such buttons have the following names in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Назад&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Домой&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Главное меню&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Обновить приложение&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, your example would be translated as follows: &lt;code&gt;Кнопка &quot;Назад&quot; не активна. Используйте кнопку &quot;Домой&quot;, чтобы выйти из приложения.&lt;/code&gt; It might be questionable, but I suppose &quot;please&quot; isn't obligatory in Russian when it comes to regular messages shown by an application.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T12:44:09.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8528" CreationDate="2015-04-21T17:10:30.137" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Old aorist from &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;ѣбти&lt;/em&gt; (should we acknowledge its existence) would give &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;ѣсъ&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;jěbsъ&lt;/em&gt; &gt; &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;jěpsъ&lt;/em&gt; &gt; &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;jēsъ&lt;/em&gt;, through devocalization and stop-sibilant merge due to the law of rising sonority.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T17:10:30.137" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8533" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-21T17:23:20.137" Score="7" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could anybody give a precise info on when to use &quot;&lt;code&gt;cвященный&lt;/code&gt;&quot; and when &quot;&lt;code&gt;святой&lt;/code&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it similar to sainted/sacred and holy? I mean, is it just a different root, these words come from? Or is it actually the same root?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5337" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T06:36:07.587" Title="&quot;cвященный&quot; vs &quot;святой&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8516" CreationDate="2015-04-21T17:29:29.777" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To make it a polite request, you can write something like this: &quot;Пожалуйста, вышлите мне товар обычной почтой в обычном конверте. Заказное письмо или курьерская почта предполагает подпись получателя, а это невозможно в моем случае. Спасибо!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which translates as: &quot;Please, send shipment using regular mail in regular envelope. Registered mail or Courier mail service would require a signature of the recipient which is impossible in my case. Thank you!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5373" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T17:29:29.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8533" CreationDate="2015-04-21T17:37:44.170" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both &quot;Cвященный&quot; (adjective) and &quot;святой&quot; (adjective) mean &quot;holy&quot;. For example:  &quot;святая вода&quot; = holy water and &quot;святой дух&quot; = holy spirit, &quot;священный огонь&quot; = holy fire (or sacred fire). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While &quot;святой&quot; (noun) is &quot;saint&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both words (as far as I understand) come from the same root.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5373" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T17:37:44.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8335" CreationDate="2015-04-21T17:57:20.647" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also slang meaning of this word &quot;Cёк&quot; = quickly understood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5373" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T17:57:20.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8537" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8560" CreationDate="2015-04-21T19:34:21.390" Score="3" ViewCount="782" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many languages have an impersonal pronoun (&quot;man&quot; in German, &quot;on&quot; in French). In slightly old-fashioned English, the word &quot;one&quot; is used; as in &quot;Where can one get one's hair cut?&quot; Otherwise, &quot;you&quot; is normally used in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have been taught that in Russian, the common way to express this is to use the second person singular verb without the word &lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt;, as in: &quot;If one knows many people...&quot; = &quot;Если знаешь много людей...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I have two problems with this. First, is it proper to use this form with people you would normally address as &lt;em&gt;Вы&lt;/em&gt;? Second, how do you handle the word in other cases than the nominative? For example, genitive &quot;get one's hair cut&quot; or accusative &quot;if someone sees you&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5375" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T12:25:16.783" Title="Impersonal pronoun (English one/you)" Tags="&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8538" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8541" CreationDate="2015-04-21T20:10:32.873" Score="3" ViewCount="332" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have to translate some texts from russian and I cannot find anything about ”поджег бороду”. I mean, I have found out that the basic translation is to burn one's beard, but I think that there is something more, like an expression/ idiom. The context is: &quot;Я закричал, поджег бороду редактора и направился к выходу.&#xA;Вслед донеслось:.. &quot;&#xA;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5376" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T07:17:47.180" Title="What does поджег бороду mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8537" CreationDate="2015-04-21T20:16:03.817" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In case of &quot;if someone sees you&quot; - you should use &quot;Вы&quot; with people you would normally address this way instead of &quot;ты&quot;: &quot;Если Вас увидели&quot; vs. &quot;Если тебя увидели&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, in case of &quot;one's hair cut&quot; impersonal pronoun is most commonly skipped altogether: &quot;Где бы постричь волосы?&quot; = &quot;Where would one get hair cut?&quot;. It's the same in your very good example:  &quot;If one knows many people...&quot; = &quot;Если знаешь много людей...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5373" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T20:16:03.817" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8540" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-21T20:43:20.733" Score="2" ViewCount="754" Body="&lt;p&gt;I really like learning from lists—-it's efficient and effective in my opinion. I have recently finished going through Nicholas J., Brown's frequency list of the top 10,000 words in the Russian Language (took about 13 months). And i have decided that I would like to continue using a list. However, the question is: &quot;which list?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course I am aware that frequency is a foggy subject, and that beyond 10,000, the order of words no longer has meaning. Nonetheless, the fact that someone took a large sample size and then recorded the most common words still has value. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I am searching for a list that has the following features:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Largest sample size (it's obvious why this is important)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Has the &quot;best&quot; methodology for ordering words by frequency...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is the most recent (compiled within the last century &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is the longest (i.e., contains the most words&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;of course I doubt it will be possible to meet all of these requests, but give it a shot&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks ))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T21:02:44.333" Title="&quot;Best&quot; and most &quot;comprehensive&quot; frequency list of the Russian language" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8538" CreationDate="2015-04-21T20:55:30.383" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not to &quot;burn smb.'s beard&quot; but to &quot;set smb.'s beard on fire&quot;, a distinction that means rather a lot in practical terms. It's not an idiom, it's a comedic gag, with a touch of deadpan in juxtaposing it with the staid-sounding verb &lt;em&gt;направился&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-04-21T21:00:30.727" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T21:00:30.727" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8540" CreationDate="2015-04-21T21:02:44.333" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dict.ruslang.ru/freq.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;О. Н. Ляшевская, С. А. Шаров, Частотный словарь современного русского языка&lt;/a&gt; — 50,000 words on the ground of 0,3 bln. words in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruscorpora.ru/en/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian National Corpus&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T21:02:44.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8543" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8544" CreationDate="2015-04-21T22:08:30.963" Score="3" ViewCount="542" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the correct ending in this situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я хочу пиво vs я хочу пива&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;О or А? I think it should be А because it's genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2030" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T22:54:47.000" Title="What's the correct way хочу пиво vs хочу пива" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8543" CreationDate="2015-04-21T22:45:05.803" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both are correct. It's just that two different cases are used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is just like &quot;хочу чай&quot; and &quot;хочу чаю&quot;, &quot;хочу сок&quot; и &quot;хочу соку&quot;.&#xA;Это называется количественно-отделительный падеж, он же партитив. &#xA;Его можно спутать с родительным, но тем не менее это отдельный падеж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Всё дело в том, что есть как бы такие падежи, которые не универсальны, а используются только в каком-то ограниченном наборе конструкций. Подробнее  - &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/404/what-are-the-lesser-known-russian-cases&quot;&gt;What are the lesser known Russian cases?&lt;/a&gt; и &lt;a href=&quot;http://ilyabirman.ru/meanwhile/all/cases/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;тут&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;О партитиве можно почитать &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;тут&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T22:45:05.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8543" CreationDate="2015-04-21T22:49:27.457" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хочу пиво = I want the beer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хочу пива = I want some beer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want the definite cup of beer, you cannot use the second variant. If you just want some beer you can use the both. If you want to specify that you want a little beer, you use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хочу немного пива. = I want a little beer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You want a small quantity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хочу немного пивo. = I want beer a little.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You want slightly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-04-21T22:54:47.000" LastActivityDate="2015-04-21T22:54:47.000" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8546" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-22T00:55:28.113" Score="3" ViewCount="219" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was talking with a child who, I was told, has learned some basic multiplication that he can do in his head, so I asked him &lt;code&gt;Сколько будет восемь на семь&lt;/code&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not a native speaker, but I've given lectures in Russian on higher math and I say just &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; in place of &lt;code&gt;умножить на&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;разделить на&lt;/code&gt;; the context makes it obvious which one is meant. With the child also it was obvious (to me) that I meant multiplication, since division, square roots, etc. are not yet part of the child's lexicon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, the parent corrected me by repeating the task but said &lt;code&gt;восемь умножить на семь&lt;/code&gt;. That made me realize that perhaps when children learn multiplication this operation is always given in the form &lt;code&gt;умножить на&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When does the transition usually take place to abbreviate multiplication (and division) to &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; when the choice is clear from context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-04-24T15:39:18.380" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T15:39:18.380" Title="умножить на vs. на" Tags="&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8546" CreationDate="2015-04-22T05:03:43.107" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think most people will realize this form if listener knows that you talking about math. Also, a little bit more precise, you can say &quot;восемью семь&quot; or &quot;трижды семь&quot; for 3 * 7.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5377" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T05:03:43.107" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8546" CreationDate="2015-04-22T06:57:07.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;AFAIR the teachers in school insisted on saying &quot;умножить на&quot; but everyone just says &quot;на&quot; as it's more convenient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T06:57:07.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8549" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8595" CreationDate="2015-04-22T07:04:17.100" Score="3" ViewCount="602" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most verbs distinguish between the imperfect and perfect aspect (писать/написать), but with verbs of motion the imperfect verbs distinguish between undirected and directed motion (плавать/плыть).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With писать I can distinguish between:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я писал письма (каждый день)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я написал письма (вчера)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I make a similar distinction between&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я плавал в реке (каждый день)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я плавал(?) в реке (вчера)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5375" LastActivityDate="2015-04-25T15:06:14.540" Title="Aspect vs. direction of verbs of motion" Tags="&lt;вид&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8549" CreationDate="2015-04-22T07:09:40.780" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A prefix, usually &lt;strong&gt;по-&lt;/strong&gt;, should be added to the undirected motion verb to make it perfective: плавать - поплавать, летатать - полетать, кататься - покататься, etc. So, your last sentence should be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я поплавал в реке вчера.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T07:09:40.780" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8546" CreationDate="2015-04-22T07:38:52.420" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine the teacher stands in front of the class. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Addressing the audience the teacher will never say &lt;code&gt;Сколько будет восемь на семь?&lt;/code&gt; but always &lt;code&gt;Сколько будет восемь умножить на семь?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a teacher examines complex expression &lt;code&gt;100 + 8 × 7 - (5 + 12)&lt;/code&gt; standing at the blackboard and points at &lt;code&gt;(5 + 12)&lt;/code&gt; he will say &lt;code&gt;сколько будет пять плюс двенадцать?&lt;/code&gt;, but highly unlikely &lt;code&gt;Чему равна сумма пяти и двенадцати?&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Чему равно пять прибавить двенадцать?&lt;/code&gt;. Further pointing at &lt;code&gt;8 × 7&lt;/code&gt; he most likely will say &lt;code&gt;а восемь на семь?&lt;/code&gt; and a bit less likely &lt;code&gt;Сколько будет восемь на семь?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The teacher say that because the symbols of a multiplication operation &lt;code&gt;×,*,·&lt;/code&gt; dosn't have his own name, while the symbol &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt; on the contrary, has the name &lt;code&gt;плюс&lt;/code&gt;. Let us remark here that &lt;code&gt;Умножить&lt;/code&gt; is related to the name of operation, not to the name of conventional sign &lt;code&gt;×&lt;/code&gt;, which is assigned to this operation. So, he just replaces nameless with something neutral, namely, &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;. The same is true for division.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The parent are not going to correct you, but perhaps trying to be extremely pedantic in the role of the teacher who standing in front of the class ))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-04-22T11:32:58.867" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T11:32:58.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8537" CreationDate="2015-04-22T07:56:59.017" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вы&quot; can be both singular and plural. If you really want plural (can be also impersonative as referring to some &quot;universal&quot; knowledge), you say &quot;если вы знаете&quot; (note the small letter). Yet impersonal construction allows using &quot;ты&quot; as mentioned earlier even if you normally say to the person &quot;Вы&quot;. With a capital letter &quot;Если Вы знаете&quot; surely is a &lt;em&gt;personal&lt;/em&gt; construction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another point that in a spoken language impersonal vs personal &quot;если знаешь&quot; (likewise &quot;если знаете&quot;) differs by pronunciation and context only. So it's often not about the choice of words yet &lt;em&gt;how&lt;/em&gt; to say them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Returning to your examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Where can one get one's hair cut?&quot; - Где (здесь) можно постричься? (note that you &lt;em&gt;almost never&lt;/em&gt; say &quot;где здесь меня постригут&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;If someone sees you...&quot; - &quot;Если тебя кто-нибудь видит...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T07:56:59.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8537" CreationDate="2015-04-22T11:41:27.310" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TL;DR:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The less impersonal (generic, abstract) the sentence is, the more you tend to use plural for politeness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no impersonal pronoun in Russian; impersonality is conveyed with the sentence structure. This is more flexible, and there are three types of such constructs with a common attribute of pronoun missing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Indefinite-personal&lt;/strong&gt; is used when the action is carried out by specific person(s), but this is irrelevant. &lt;em&gt;В магазине мне продали водки.&lt;/em&gt; (You don't need to mention salespeople did.) Note &lt;strong&gt;3rd personal plural&lt;/strong&gt; is used for this type of construct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Generic-personal&lt;/strong&gt; is more abstract and is used to refer to generalized cases like proverbs. &lt;em&gt;С утра выпил - весь день свободен.&lt;/em&gt; (A &quot;wisdom&quot; that suits any alcoholic.) This one goes with &lt;strong&gt;2nd person singular or, occasionally, 3rd person plural&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Impersonal&lt;/strong&gt; specifies an action or a state without any definite actor. &lt;em&gt;Бутылку водки занесло снегом.&lt;/em&gt; (Abstract natural force did this.) With verbs, it is &lt;strong&gt;3rd person singular&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;strong&gt;strictly&lt;/strong&gt;, with the pronoun omitted, the only impersonal/generic construct you can get with 2nd person &lt;strong&gt;requires singular&lt;/strong&gt;, and the use must be abstract as per above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Colloquially&lt;/strong&gt;, though, 2nd p. sg. use is not limited to abstract cases. For example, it is very common with directions &lt;em&gt;(идешь квартал прямо, поворачиваешь направо, там парикмахерская)&lt;/em&gt;. I'd say it's used this way to avoid an imperative that may sound too formal or impolite. Since such use is only marginally impersonal (the directions would work for anyone, but they are given in a particular case), you further go with 2nd p. pl. for politeness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, there is a colloquial use that further mixes up impersonal and personal by actually getting the pronoun (sg. or even pl.) back into sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2015-04-22T12:25:16.783" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T12:25:16.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8562" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8546" CreationDate="2015-04-22T12:45:58.603" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Умножить на&lt;/code&gt; is formal and &quot;official&quot; name of operation, &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; is colloquial abbreviation. Also, &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; could be abbreviation of division (&lt;code&gt;разделить на&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;делить на&lt;/code&gt;), that's why it can be unclear, when you say just &lt;code&gt;восемь на семь&lt;/code&gt;. But with context, there is no problem:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таблицу умножения выучил? Сколько будет семь на восемь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is obviously multiplication. And here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сколько будет десять разделить на пять? А шестнадцать на четыре?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is obviously division, but usually &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; means multiplication by default, if no context provided.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In your case problem was more educational then translational. Parents of the child could think that he didn't understand question (for example, because of he didn't answered for a long time). When children had just learned multiplication, it can be a bit hard for them to understand question fast when question is unclear or ambiguous.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There is a lot of confusing abbreviation in Russian. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;people often say &lt;code&gt;теория относительности&lt;/code&gt; (just &quot;relativity&quot;, which is incorrect) instead of &lt;code&gt;общая теория относительности&lt;/code&gt; (general relativity) or &lt;code&gt;специальная теория относительности&lt;/code&gt; (special relativity)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;there is a term in photography &lt;code&gt;глубина резко изображаемого пространства&lt;/code&gt; (Depth of field), but ususally people use term &lt;code&gt;глубина резкости&lt;/code&gt;, which is a bit incorrect, because it has another meaning in optics.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T12:45:58.603" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8533" CreationDate="2015-04-22T15:57:13.773" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They actually come from same root and very similar to holy and sainted. The only difference is that &quot;священный&quot; applicable to inanimate things while &quot;святой&quot; can be used for both animate and inanimate objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5381" LastActivityDate="2015-04-22T15:57:13.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8564" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8566" CreationDate="2015-04-22T18:33:31.227" Score="2" ViewCount="226" Body="&lt;p&gt;My teacher told me about prepositional cases for nouns and pronouns, and that if a pronoun is preceded by a preposition, then it takes prepositional case. However, in cases such as &lt;code&gt;у тебя есть...&lt;/code&gt; why is &lt;code&gt;тебя&lt;/code&gt; not taking the prepositional case of &lt;code&gt;тебе&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do want to point out that I am very new to this language so please do try to explain it in as simple words as possible. Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5374" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T07:54:18.127" Title="Question about the preposition 'у' and the usage of pronouns following it" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="11" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8566" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8564" CreationDate="2015-04-22T20:50:18.660" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian there are only 5 prepositions that need the prepositional case after them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в (во) 'in'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;на 'on'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;о (об, обо) 'about'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;по 'along, (moving) on the surface of'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;при 'at'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first 2 when used with the prepositional case mean the place, and when used with the accusative case mean the direction to the place:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в воде (prep.) 'in the water' — в воду (acc.) 'into the water'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;на земле (prep.) 'on the ground' — на землю (acc.) 'onto the ground'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's all, all the rest of the prepositions are to be followed by the other cases. My guess is, since you're just a beginner, your teacher meant only &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;, the 2 most widely used prepositions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T07:54:18.127" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8533" CreationDate="2015-04-23T01:02:10.417" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;святой = very good, innocent, without sin, without any dirtyness, pure in spuritual sense&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;священный = very important, venerated, sacred&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Definitely священный implyes certain rites or ritual importance of the object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can apply священный to such things as sword, war, crown, staff, sceptre, monument, book, word, oath, flag, symbol, event etc, while святой is applied to things and people of especial purity: man, woman, martyr, virginity, good character, water, blessing, baptism, sacrament, deed, life, nature etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, holy war = &lt;em&gt;священная война&lt;/em&gt;. War cannot be &lt;em&gt;святая&lt;/em&gt; unless it is a war without sin with only good words :-). A holy sword is &lt;em&gt;священный меч&lt;/em&gt;. A &lt;em&gt;святой меч&lt;/em&gt; possibly heals instead of killing. Note though that holy inquisition is translated &lt;em&gt;святая инквизиция&lt;/em&gt;, that is &quot;sinless/pure inquisition&quot;. You can use &lt;em&gt;священный&lt;/em&gt; as a synonym for &quot;very important&quot;: &lt;em&gt;эта инструкция для меня священна&lt;/em&gt; &quot;this manual is very important for me, I will not deviate from it under any circumstances&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-04-23T06:36:07.587" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T06:36:07.587" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8549" CreationDate="2015-04-23T02:46:06.863" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can solve the problem by yourself, try the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruscorpora.ru/en/search-main.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ruscorpora.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us suppose that our aim is to find something across all Russian morphological forms for the verb &lt;code&gt;плавать&lt;/code&gt;. For  many verbs, the  perfective is inflected exactly like its  imperfective  partner, but with a prepositional prefix  &lt;code&gt;про-, по-, раз-&lt;/code&gt;, etc. So we put in the &lt;em&gt;Lexico-grammatical search form&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;*плавать&lt;/code&gt;. From the '&lt;em&gt;Gramm. features&lt;/em&gt;' we shall select 'past, perfective'. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruscorpora.ru/en/corpora-morph.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;help&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;out=normal&amp;amp;dpp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;seed=20108&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=*%EF%EB%E0%E2%E0%F2%FC&amp;amp;gramm1=praet%2Cpf&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The response to the query&lt;/a&gt; contains the following:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Поплавав&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;проплавала&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;поплавал&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;сплавал&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;отплавала&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By specifying our query with the second word &lt;code&gt;Я&lt;/code&gt;, we build the construction&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;WORD1 [distance between words] WORD2&lt;/code&gt;, where &lt;code&gt;WORD1=Я, WORD2=*плавать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;dpp=10&amp;amp;spp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%FF&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=6&amp;amp;lex2=*%EF%EB%E0%E2%E0%F2%FC&amp;amp;gramm2=praet&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Response to the query&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-04-23T07:10:35.533" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T07:10:35.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8564" CreationDate="2015-04-23T04:05:28.117" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A little more about &amp;quot;по&amp;quot; with prepositional case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По прошествии времени (some time later)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По ком звонит колокол (For whom the bell tolls)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я скучаю по Вас (instead of &amp;quot;Я скучаю по Вам&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1st is normal, 3rd is a little outdated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T04:05:28.117" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8549" CreationDate="2015-04-23T04:19:49.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Note that here Russian is very much like English. &quot;Я плавал&quot; - &quot;I swam&quot;; &quot;Я поплавал&quot; - &quot;I have swum&quot;. And as in English people tend to say &quot;Я плавал&quot;/&quot;I swam&quot; more often even when &quot;I have swum&quot; is OK too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-04-23T06:20:35.653" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T06:20:35.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8571" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9341" CreationDate="2015-04-23T05:10:01.643" Score="8" ViewCount="12232" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would these tenses and aspects translate into Russian? I realize that the two languages use a different system, but it seems to me that if I knew how each of these aspects translated than I would have a much easier time with picking aspects of Russian verbs. And English–Russian translators deal with this reality every day, so there must be some answer to the question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(or no?)—anyway, i didn't see a post like this, so i thought it might be useful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ESGIH.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Aspect and Tense&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-17T11:22:20.420" LastActivityDate="2016-12-11T15:42:18.540" Title="Is it possible to translate English tenses into Russian tenses?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8572" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8571" CreationDate="2015-04-23T06:06:54.427" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, there is no such a sophisticated tense system in Russian. Basically, there are only three tenses - Past, Present and Future. In Russian it doesn't matter whether an action is being committed at the moment of speech or has been committed just before this moment. So, you should usually pay attention to the time of action and translate your statements to Russian according to this. The only exception is the Present Perfect Tense - it can be translated into Russian both as a past or present form, depending on context. If an action has been done by the moment of speech, it's considered to happen in the Past. If an action started some time ago and is lasting in the moment of speech, it's expressed using the Present tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more thing is that in Perfect tenses, unlike others, verbs can be translated into Russian in perfective forms. For example, the sentense from your tenses table &quot;I have eaten all the pizza&quot; is translated as &lt;code&gt;Я съел всю пиццу&lt;/code&gt;. However, the example given by @Nikolay Ershov &quot;I've worked here for five years&quot; is translated as &lt;code&gt;Я работаю здесь [уже] пять лет&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastEditorUserId="4379" LastEditDate="2015-04-23T07:35:07.990" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T07:35:07.990" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8573" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8574" CreationDate="2015-04-23T07:05:12.800" Score="0" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you, please, help me translate this into english?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– Я знаю, – сказала Фрида, – что вы пишете новеллы. Могу я их прочесть? Они у вас при себе?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  – При себе, – говорю, – у меня лишь те, которых ещё нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5376" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2015-10-09T20:26:20.553" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T20:26:20.553" Title="How to translate this text" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2015-04-23T10:33:30.820" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8573" CreationDate="2015-04-23T07:43:22.383" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Frida said: I know that you write short stories. Can I read them? Do you have them with you?&#xA;I answered: Only those are with me that haven't existed yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The narrator means that he doesn't carry hard copies of his stories, instead he has some ideas for future stories to be written.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T07:43:22.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8575" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-23T20:50:23.630" Score="5" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;p&gt;Google Translate identifies, находимся, as the English word, are. Is this true? If it is, then when are you supposed to use it? I thought Russians don't have words such as: is, are, and am.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5070" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T17:15:22.113" Title="When do you use находимся?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8575" CreationDate="2015-04-23T21:35:48.017" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Находиться&lt;/code&gt; - to be located somewhere. As I see, it really have to be translated as &lt;code&gt;are&lt;/code&gt;, but it can also be skipped in Russian in such sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы [находимся] на улице.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;We are [located] on the street.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы находились/были на улице.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;We were [located] on the street.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сейчас он находится в Москве. / Он сейчас в Москве.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;He is in Moscow now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Be careful with &lt;code&gt;находить&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;find&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;находиться&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;to be somewhere&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;Also there is a verb &lt;code&gt;найтись&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он куда-то пропал и нашёлся только через 2 дня.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;He disappeared somewhere and had been found after 2 days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This case is used with past time and seems that they are never used in present. At least I can't remember any such example now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact there is a case when &lt;code&gt;найтись&lt;/code&gt; is about mind, not about location:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он был запутан, но быстро нашёлся. / Он был запутан, но быстро сориентировался.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;He was confused, but quickly dealt with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5385" LastEditorUserId="5385" LastEditDate="2015-04-24T07:00:08.177" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T07:00:08.177" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8546" CreationDate="2015-04-23T22:38:50.280" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; can mean both division and multiplication depending of context. But if there is no any context, I would interpret it as multiplication by default.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of defaults in math, for example operation priorities with standard functions:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;sin 2 x = sin(2*x)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;sin x cos x = (sin(x)) * (cos(x))&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You are not only saying in in a same way (without any operation), but you are also writing it in a same way - without brackets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;which was about the time when children start to know that на is a common abbreviation in speech for умножить на (or разделить на)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think they know as soon as they start to multiply numbers, at least numbers more than ten. As for smaller numbers we usually use &quot;дважды два&quot;, &quot;пятью три&quot; instead of &quot;два на два&quot;, &quot;пять на три&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5385" LastEditorUserId="5385" LastEditDate="2015-04-24T06:55:57.817" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T06:55:57.817" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8579" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8472" CreationDate="2015-04-23T22:46:49.853" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;looks&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;seems&lt;/code&gt; - isn't it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He looks more confident then he seemed to be.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It seems, we'll lose the money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've changed the first sentence to &quot;Он выглядит более уверенным, чем казалось&quot; = &quot;Он выглядит более уверенным, чем мы ожидали&quot; = &quot;He looks more confident then we expected&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5385" LastActivityDate="2015-04-23T22:46:49.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8580" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8584" CreationDate="2015-04-24T05:52:59.180" Score="0" ViewCount="75" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the text below, do I need a comma right after the word &quot;неправильно&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И здесь я вовсе не спрашиваю о том, правильно ли это или &lt;strong&gt;неправильно&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  отчитывать детей при всех, я просто хочу узнать, как у вас обходятся с&#xA;  детьми.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T11:34:00.803" Title="Proper punctuation with two alternatives related to an infinitive" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8581" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8571" CreationDate="2015-04-24T06:17:37.097" Score="5" Body="&lt;h3&gt;Let us consider only one single cell:&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the unique top-left cell of the table, the cell are further subdivided into header and data cells in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;                         +-------+&#xA;                         | I ate |&#xA;                         |       |&#xA;                         +-------+&#xA;                             |&#xA;                             |&#xA;&#xA;               Imperfective  &amp;   Perfective       &#xA;                       \  partners  /     &#xA;                    +--------+--------+        &#xA;                    |  есть  | съесть |    infinitive &#xA;                    +-----------------+      &#xA;   -- Singular --   |        |        |     &#xA;                    |        |        |     &#xA;  Masculine Past    |  ел    | съел   |    I, you, he&#xA;                    |        |        |        &#xA;  Feminine  Past    |  ела   | съела  |    I, you, she&#xA;                    |        |        |        &#xA;  Neuter    Past    |  ело   | съело  |    I, you, it&#xA;  - - - - - - - - - + - - -  + - - -  +    - - - - - - -   &#xA;                    |        |        |&#xA;  Plural &amp; Polite   |  ели   | съели  |    we, you, they    &#xA;                    |        |        |        &#xA;  - - - - - - - - - +--------+--------+        &#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This lets us to say more by writing less in Russian. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;  еcт     it eats           съест     it will eat&#xA;  едим    we eat            съедим    we shall eat&#xA;  едят    they eat          съедят    they will eat&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt; What the aspect actually is &lt;/h3&gt;   &#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;                                           &lt;b&gt;A dog greedily ate her meat.&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;                                                           .&#xA;                                                           .&#xA;                             NO · · · · · ·  Собака жадно ела мясо.&#xA;  are you sure she          /                              .&#xA;  swallowed it whole? _____/                               .&#xA;                           \                               .&#xA;                            \YES · · · · · · Собака жадно съела мясо.&#xA;                                                          =====&#xA;                                                            |&#xA;                         She has already eaten her meat ____|&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;      &lt;b&gt;She ate in quick gulps, and never got enough.&lt;/b&gt; &#xA;          ===&#xA;           |&#xA;   Imperf ?|? Perf&#xA;           |&#xA;       (ела/съела) торопливо, и никогда не бывала сыта.&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it look so simple? In my opinion, for beginning Russian, think of that no more. Before we can quickly and easily applying those aspects, we must first improve our knowledge of the process on compound words — the graphic first-level elements in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We shall consider an application how to combining a prefix (or sometimes two prefixes) with the root and suffix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;       &lt;b&gt;Two points coincide.&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&#xA;English:    co-in-cid-e&#xA;            |   |   |&#xA;           with |  fall   ·········  unfamiliar Latin form -cide (fall)&#xA;            |  into |&#xA;            со  |  пад    ·········  everyday Russian stem, ex: in падать &#xA;            |   в   |     &#xA;            |   |   |     .········  they, unknown as long and now continues&#xA;            |   |   |    /&#xA;Russian:    со- в- пад -ают&#xA;&#xA;       &lt;b&gt;Две точки совпадают.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian the process on compound words is used very wide and extensively: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;                push to the limit,               &#xA;                    finally                      &#xA;                  (и наконец)                    &#xA; Imperfective          |             Perfective       &#xA;         \             |              /          &#xA;      переписывал   (----&gt;)     переписал        | недописывал, недописавший, недописывая, недописаться, недонадписывал ...+ -ший, -ся ..., пописывал  ...+ -ший, -ся ...,  записывал ..., записывался, недозаписывал, расписывал, расписывался, отписывал, вписывал, надписывал, пописывал,  &#xA;      читал         (----&gt;)     прочитал         | дочитал, дочитался, дочитавшись, дочитывая, недочитал, ...+ -ший, -ся ..., считал, вчитался, почитал, начитал, отчитался, дочитал, ...&#xA;      делил         (----&gt;)     разделил         | разделил, недоразделил, переделил, недопеределил, обделил, выделил, уделил, наделил, отделил, поделил, + ... + -ший, -ся ...,&#xA;      таял          (----&gt;)     растаял          | растаял, дотаял, утаял, оттаял, стаял, протаял, потаял, надтаял, недорастаял, ...&#xA;      белил         (----&gt;)     побелил          | ...&#xA;      пахал         (----&gt;)     вспахал          | ... &lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian the process on compound words remain much more clearly visible than in English, so focus on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-12-09T15:52:53.810" LastActivityDate="2016-12-09T15:52:53.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8575" CreationDate="2015-04-24T08:36:53.673" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian verb can be made reflexive by suffixing &lt;code&gt;-ся&lt;/code&gt; (возвратная частица),  a short form of the reflexive &lt;code&gt;себя&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA; This verb form will often be translated by a passive in English, e.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;читает&lt;kbd&gt;ся&lt;/kbd&gt;     it is being read (literally: it is reading itself)&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt; &#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  находим следующий результат &#xA;  we find the following result    &#xA;    └────┘&#xA;  среди действительных чисел находит&lt;kbd&gt;ся&lt;/kbd&gt; число, которое ... &#xA;  among the real numbers there is (finds itself) a number which ... &#xA;                                  └────────────┘&#xA;  if you know whereabouts in it we are now&#xA;  если бы вы хоть приблизительно представляли, в каком месте мы находим&lt;kbd&gt;ся&lt;/kbd&gt;&#xA;&#xA;  just above where we are standing&#xA;  чуть повыше того места, где находим&lt;kbd&gt;ся&lt;/kbd&gt; мы&#xA;&#xA;  he and I have been on strained relations&#xA;  мы с ним находим&lt;kbd&gt;ся&lt;/kbd&gt; в натянутых отношениях&#xA;&#xA;  We had been so busy satisfying our hunger that &#xA;  hitherto we had not found time to look about us.&#xA;  Поглощенные едой, мы не обратили внимания на то, где находим&lt;kbd&gt;ся&lt;/kbd&gt;.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-04-24T17:15:22.113" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T17:15:22.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8580" CreationDate="2015-04-24T11:25:15.303" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You don't need this comma. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule applied here (useful with any parenthetical clause or word): if you can withdraw the part of sentence between commas and the sentence will be still meaningful then commas are needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check - the sentence without the part at question loses any sense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И здесь я вовсе не спрашиваю о том, отчитывать детей при всех, я просто хочу узнать, как у вас обходятся с детьми.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar example where commas are needed (from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/punctum/punctum_attach2/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Случайно появляется газ или нет, связан ли он с циклонами, а значит, можно ли по этому признаку прогнозировать – вопрос требует выяснения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4630" LastEditorUserId="4630" LastEditDate="2015-04-24T11:33:29.933" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T11:33:29.933" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8580" CreationDate="2015-04-24T11:34:00.803" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The crux is &lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;. With it, you have a complete clause in &lt;code&gt;правильно ли это или неправильно&lt;/code&gt;, and you need punctuation where it ends. I'd say, though, that a dash would fit much better than a comma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you lose &lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;, and possibly &lt;em&gt;ли&lt;/em&gt; along with it, and are left with &lt;code&gt;правильно или неправильно отчитывать детей при всех&lt;/code&gt;, no punctuation is needed, since the verb phrase about telling children off becomes the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T11:34:00.803" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8585" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16498" CreationDate="2015-04-24T11:45:51.927" Score="6" ViewCount="269" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Можно я попью чая?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What part of speech here is &quot;можно&quot;? Also, if possible, can you parse this sentence, please?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2018-05-29T13:53:22.573" LastActivityDate="2018-06-01T04:26:20.437" Title="What part of speech is можно here?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8585" CreationDate="2015-04-24T12:23:55.170" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Можно&quot; is наречие, i.e. adverb. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Можно я попью чая?&quot; may be translated as &quot;Let me have some tea.&quot; or &quot;May I have some tea?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Можно&quot; is derived from &quot;мочь&quot; (to be able to), &quot;могу&quot; (I am able to, I can) and generally stands for posessing some permission, or ability, or affordance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5387" LastEditorUserId="5387" LastEditDate="2015-04-24T12:36:51.587" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T12:36:51.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8585" CreationDate="2015-04-24T12:41:30.243" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Существует несколько вариантов названия для слов &lt;code&gt;можно&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;нельзя&lt;/code&gt; как частей речи.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;наречия состояния,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;предикативные наречия,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;наречия в роли сказуемого.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В данном случае, я считаю наиболее подходящим вариантом &lt;em&gt;наречие в роли сказуемого&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Таким образом, исходное предложение может быть разобрано как:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я - подлежащее&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;можно попью - сказуемое&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;чай - дополнение&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English my answer is much shorter.&#xA;This is an &lt;em&gt;adverb as predicate&lt;/em&gt;. In this sentence it is a part of complex predicate &lt;code&gt;можно попью&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T16:16:41.110" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8588" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8590" CreationDate="2015-04-24T16:44:55.213" Score="6" ViewCount="3696" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Spanish you add &quot;-ito/a&quot; as in hermanita, meaning little sister.  In English we mostly do this with modifier words like that (&quot;little&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the common construct in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5224" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T09:48:42.940" Title="What do you add to a word to make it cute?" Tags="&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8588" CreationDate="2015-04-24T17:44:15.740" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;чка and ик/чок, depending on gender. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сестра -&gt; сестричка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Брат -&gt; братик.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кот -&gt; котик.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5392" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T17:44:15.740" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8588" CreationDate="2015-04-24T17:49:32.340" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian this effect is achieved mainly by adding so-called diminutive suffixes to nouns. &quot;Little sister&quot; is Russian will be &lt;code&gt;сестричка&lt;/code&gt; whereas &lt;code&gt;сестра&lt;/code&gt; is a normal form. Here the &lt;code&gt;ичк&lt;/code&gt; suffix is used, but in fact there are plenty of them. Seems difficult to remember them all for Russian learners. You can check out the whole list &lt;a href=&quot;http://tutrus.com/morfemika/suffiksy-imen-sushhestvitelnyx&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. There's a table with different suffixes on the page. See those which are below the title &lt;code&gt;Уменьшительно-ласкательные&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastActivityDate="2015-04-24T17:49:32.340" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8591" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8597" CreationDate="2015-04-24T21:03:18.440" Score="4" ViewCount="292" Body="&lt;p&gt;В русском языке у слова &lt;code&gt;находить&lt;/code&gt; есть три значения:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;собственно &lt;code&gt;находить&lt;/code&gt; в смысле &quot;находить то, что потерял/искал&quot; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;считать, полагать&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я нахожу это странным - Я считаю это странным&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;с суффиксом &lt;code&gt;ся&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;находиться&lt;/code&gt;) - это указание на положение в пространстве&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  Во французском языке есть глагол &lt;code&gt;trouver&lt;/code&gt;, который используется точно в таких же значениях: два значения - это &lt;code&gt;находить&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;считать, полагать&lt;/code&gt;, и третье - с возвратной частицей (&lt;code&gt;se trouver&lt;/code&gt;) - в значении &lt;code&gt;находиться, располагаться&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Является ли это простым совпадением или такое употребление слова &lt;code&gt;находить&lt;/code&gt; пришло в русский язык из французского в эпоху, когда тот был популярен в России?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2015-04-25T16:47:03.737" Title="Значения слова &quot;находить(ся)&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8592" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-25T11:51:01.867" Score="3" ViewCount="399" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it says good! all is well when the wind blows, but can someone write this in print! (like: хорошо! всё)  thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Bhw1V.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5299" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2015-04-26T13:52:19.010" LastActivityDate="2017-10-11T03:40:20.223" Title="Can someone translate this shirt for me?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-10-11T06:15:48.247" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8592" CreationDate="2015-04-25T11:59:15.833" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The printed phrase is &quot;Хорошо! Всё будет хорошо!&quot;. It means &quot;Okay! It will be okay!&quot;. Probably, this phrase is a quotation from lyrics of the famous Ukrainian songer Andrey Danilko. He has an eponymous song.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-04-26T13:47:39.000" LastActivityDate="2015-04-26T13:47:39.000" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8594" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8636" CreationDate="2015-04-25T14:11:33.933" Score="5" ViewCount="221" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a kind of thesaurus that teaches words based on kinship? An example will make it clear to you what I have in mind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;суд - судья́, суди́ть, ...&#xA;коне́ц - наконе́ц, зака́нчивать/зако́нчить, конча́ть/ко́нчить, ...&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or a Latin example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;rex - regere, regio, rectio, directio, ...&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Got it? Take a simple base lexeme or &quot;atom of meaning&quot; and then list the words stemming from that atom that are among the most commonly used 10,000 or so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not like &lt;a href=&quot;http://wordnet.princeton.edu/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;WordNet&lt;/a&gt;, which is a semantic organization, not a lexical-etymological one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would be useful for learning native Russian words that are mostly unfamiliar to learners from non-Slavic language countries. The purpose would be to learn more quickly and efficiently by benefitting from word similarity and etymology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To give an example, it's much easier to learn words such as &lt;em&gt;рассле́дование&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;investigation&lt;/em&gt; (cf. Latin &lt;em&gt;vestigium&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;trace&lt;/em&gt;)) or &lt;em&gt;слеже́ние&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;tracing&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;persecution&lt;/em&gt;) if you know they derive from the word &lt;em&gt;след&lt;/em&gt;, which simply means &lt;em&gt;trace&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is there such a thesaurus, with URL? Or an established name for such an organizational structure of a thesaurus?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4366" LastEditorUserId="4366" LastEditDate="2015-04-29T19:04:07.183" LastActivityDate="2015-05-31T13:50:48.313" Title="Thesaurus organization by lexical kinship and etymology" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8549" CreationDate="2015-04-25T15:06:14.540" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think, a lot of confusion might arise depending on the context of such sentences, because you also need to know WHY you use perfective or imperfective for a particular statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The core difference is that &amp;quot;writing&amp;quot; is often perceived as an action leading to a natural result of something being written. Do &amp;quot;walking&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;swimming&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;carrying&amp;quot; have any natural result? They don't—at least, there are many important situations where they do not seem to. On the other hand, such activities may have a beginning and an ending, which serves as a suitable &amp;quot;limitation&amp;quot; that a perfective verb needs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the action has a particular result, of course, use a perfective that states the desired outcome. The major problem is, you have to choose aspect even when it is not that easy to find a measurable result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;regular action / name of action&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Use imperfective verbs. For verbs of motion, use imperfective multidirectional verbs. If one repeated link of a repeated trip is specifically decribed, one-way verb can also be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я часто писал письма.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я часто плавал.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я не умею писать/плавать.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;action in progress; simultaneous actions&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Use imperfectives. For verbs of motion, use one-way verb for motion with a goal and multi-directional verb for a complicated motion that is not directed anywhere in particular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я пишу письмо.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я писал письмо, поэтому не заметил, как она пришла. = I was writing a letter, that's why I didn't notice her coming.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я шёл домой. = I was going home.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я ходил по офису. = I was walking around the office.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я плавал в озере. = I was swimming in the lake.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я плыл к лесу. = I was swimming towards the forest.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;sequence of actions in the past&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Use perfectives. If your action reaches some &amp;quot;result&amp;quot;, you should obviously use the perfective you need. However, some activities (&amp;quot;sleep&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;have a walk&amp;quot;) do not have any particular result. Russian often has &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;-prefixed perfective verbs for them, so that you can describe &amp;quot;doing that action for some time&amp;quot; and arrange them in a sequence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;-prefixed perfectives formed from one-way verbs of motion mean the onset of an action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;-prefixed perfectives formed from multidirectional verbs of motion mean doing action for some time. Note that &amp;quot;походить&amp;quot; is not the default &amp;quot;walking around&amp;quot; verb—you may use it, but you can use &amp;quot;погулять&amp;quot; just as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я вчера написал письмо.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я вчера поплавал, а потом приготовил обед.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы погуляли до вечера и пошли домой. →note, that &amp;quot;пошли&amp;quot;, being formed from a one-way verb, means just going back (&amp;quot;heading&amp;quot;) home after a walk. And not walking for some time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты уже побегала?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мама вчера уехала в Петербург. → a result of action is &amp;quot;departing&amp;quot;, hence the more specific &amp;quot;у-&amp;quot; prefix.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Куда поехал директор? = Where did the director go? → again, note how one-way perfective is different&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;reference to a fact&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, rather than recalling &amp;quot;stories&amp;quot; from the past you make a random reference to a past action. It is important that it happened at all, but the exact moment is irrelevant to your message.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Use imperfective verbs. For verbs of motion, use multidirectional verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты когда-нибудь писал статьи? = Have you ever written acrticles?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я там уже плавал. = I already swam there. (i.e. I'm familiar with that experience)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я ещё не бегал. = I haven't run yet.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that imperfective verbs may have a logical consequence that overlaps with the &amp;quot;result&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он уже читал эту книгу. = He already read that book.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is easier with verbs of motion. At least, after visiting some place you always have to return &amp;quot;home&amp;quot;, so you'd want a multidirectional verb. With other verbs it remains an important point of confusion for learners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;&amp;quot;What did you do yesterday?&amp;quot;&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is pretty obvious, but still: use imperfectives and multidirectional verbs (for round trips or aimless motion) to describe actions that &amp;quot;fill&amp;quot; some time frame in question. This is the case when you answer the questions about what you were busy with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я вчера бегал.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я вчера писал письма.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я вчера плавал в реке.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я вчера ходил в кино.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я вчера только спал и ел.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-04-25T15:06:14.540" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8596" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-25T15:21:35.427" Score="3" ViewCount="266" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I learned the lesson about voiced and voiceless consonants and consonant clusters, voiced consonants voice the preceding voiceless consonant and voiceless consonants devoice the preceding voiced consonant. But why is the voiced consonant 'в' an exception to this rule? (for example: свобода stays pronounced as &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt;вобода instead of &lt;strong&gt;з&lt;/strong&gt;вобода, but автобус is pronounced as а&lt;strong&gt;ф&lt;/strong&gt;тобус)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, when a word ends with a voiced consonant and the following word starts with 'в', does the preceding voiced consonant stay voiced, or does it go voiceless, as if 'в' has no effect? (example: меж вами; is it ме&lt;strong&gt;ж&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;ами or ме&lt;strong&gt;ш&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;ами?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5394" LastActivityDate="2015-04-28T06:57:15.130" Title="Why does 'в' have a special case in consonant voicing?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8591" CreationDate="2015-04-25T16:47:03.737" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm going to answer in English since my Russian isn't good enough yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not a coincidence, it's a conspiracy. ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And it's even larger than just French and Russian. We must assume it is at least transeuropean, if not paneuropean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;trouver (fr) = trovare (it) = finden (de) = находить (ru) = βρίσκω (gr)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same two meanings in all the above languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;se trouver (fr) = trovarsi (it) = sich befinden (de) = находиться (ru) = βρίσκομαι (gr)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same meaning for all five languages (and probably others I don't know about).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Languages were and are developed by copying or cloning words and meaning from other languages, typically more advanced in one way or another. For example, English doesn't have a native word for &lt;em&gt;progress&lt;/em&gt;, which is simply the Latin word, meaning &lt;em&gt;&quot;step forth&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, which was copied into English, like zillions of others. In Latin languages, it's simply a natural evolution of the original Latin word (&lt;em&gt;progrès&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;progresso&lt;/em&gt;, etc). In Greek, it's &lt;em&gt;πρόοδος&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;&quot;forth-way&quot;&lt;/em&gt;). In German, &lt;em&gt;progressus&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;progrès&lt;/em&gt; was translated as &lt;em&gt;Fortschritt&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;&quot;forth-step&quot;&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likewise, in your &lt;em&gt;trouver/находить&lt;/em&gt; example, the spectrum of meaning could have been cloned from or influenced by French, both in German and Russian. From French, not the other way round, because French was culturally dominant in Europe during the 17th and 18th century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even more important than French are, obviously, Latin and Greek.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The people who evolved the German language were, of course, very literate and knew the classic Greek and Latin literature, from which they took inspiration. One might argue, tongue in cheek, and to echo back to the beginning of my answer, that if many European savants took inspiration from others, this is indeed conspiration (a conspiracy ;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And it definitely &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; a conspiracy in that, as a result of so much mutual inspiration across the centuries, there &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; a common spirit in our languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want the historico-philological view (rather than my guess, based on having learnt some languages), you have to consult an etymological dictionary of the Russian language, which I don't have at my disposal, neither in paper form nor online.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4366" LastActivityDate="2015-04-25T16:47:03.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8596" CreationDate="2015-04-25T17:04:12.593" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, &quot;в&quot; is a bit similar to sonorants like м, р, й and others. The second reason that might have played part in the peculiarity of this consonant's behaviour is that [ф] appeared pretty late comparing to other consonants. So, essentially, &lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt; was a consonant that existed in one variant only: Russian used to not draw any distinction based on voicing there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the beginning, Old East Slavic only had [в]. There was no devoicing back then because two consonants in a row of final consonants weren't possible: every consonant had a following vowel. Then, the short vowels disappeared, which changed the phonetic system significantly. It is here that [ф] should have appeared as a devoice version of [в]. Then, Greek influence eventually introduced [ф] as a separate sound, which is what we have now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding pronunciation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;devoiced&lt;/strong&gt; consonants are not voiced before &lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;voiced&lt;/em&gt; consonants stay voiced (both inside the word and at word boundaries)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Щ, Х, Ч, Ц behave as usual devoiced consonants, and they also have voiced counterparts [ʑʑ], [ɣ], [d͡ʑ], [d̪͡z̪] that are obvious at word boundaries (помо&lt;strong&gt;щь&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;б&lt;/strong&gt;ы, и&lt;strong&gt;х&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;аже, оте&lt;strong&gt;ц Б&lt;/strong&gt;ори, ме&lt;strong&gt;ч б&lt;/strong&gt;рата). Russian has no letters for these sounds, but the sounds do exist.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2015-04-25T17:04:12.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8596" CreationDate="2015-04-25T18:03:44.093" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; originates from Proto-Slavic non-syllabic vowel &lt;em&gt;&amp;#42;w&lt;/em&gt;, as in English &quot;well&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sound was sonorant enough for the law of the rising sonority to put it after obstruents in a single syllable, as well as another semivowel &lt;em&gt;й&lt;/em&gt; and the sonorants (liquids &lt;em&gt;р&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;л&lt;/em&gt; and nasals &lt;em&gt;м&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;н&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's why the modern Russian &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;, being an obstruent, does not vocalize preceding voiceless obstruents either: &lt;em&gt;съезжать, сватать, слать, смотреть, снимать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;срубать&lt;/em&gt; are all pronounced with initial &lt;em&gt;[s]&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Devocalization of &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; itself is a relatively recent Russian innovation. Ukrainian and Belorussian, as well as most southern Russian dialects, don't do that but rather replace it with the semivowel &lt;em&gt;[w]&lt;/em&gt; in positions where it would have been devocalized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-04-25T18:13:17.900" LastActivityDate="2015-04-25T18:13:17.900" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8600" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-26T13:24:20.190" Score="4" ViewCount="306" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw this on a website, and although I understand the meaning of the sentence, and I know that it would have the same meaning without вот, I'm curious as to what nuance it brings, or perhaps some insight into the speakers impetus to include it and under what conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я равнодушен к холоду, но &lt;strong&gt;вот&lt;/strong&gt; жары не переношу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-04-27T06:20:55.223" Title="What does вот bring to this clause?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8592" CreationDate="2015-04-26T13:45:49.180" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Alright! Everything's gonna be alright! (Bob Marley)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5397" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-04-26T13:48:34.107" LastActivityDate="2015-04-26T13:48:34.107" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8600" CreationDate="2015-04-26T14:32:11.000" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's emphasis on something being the new topic of the established discussion. It's used similarly to English &quot;here's&quot; or &quot;that's&quot; or &quot;it's&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase could be translated this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I don't mind cold, but here's something I can't stand: heat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I don't mind cold, it's heat I can't stand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you use the second part of this phrase without &lt;em&gt;вот&lt;/em&gt;, this could be the first phrase in a conversation to bring up the topic of weather tolerance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you use &lt;em&gt;вот&lt;/em&gt;, your party would be curious why would you mention heat or cold all of a sudden, if it had not been the topic already.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-04-26T14:32:11.000" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8603" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-26T18:39:01.150" Score="4" ViewCount="296" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can someone, somehow please explain what the differences are between the suffixes -то and -нибудь? They tend to decorate words like как, кто, где, что, когда́ as in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;как-то, как-нибудь (somehow)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;кто-то, кто́-нибудь (someone, somebody)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;где-то, где-нибудь (somewhere, someplace)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;куда́-то, куда́-нибудь (somewhere)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;что-то, что-нибудь (something)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;когда́-то (sometime in the past?)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;когда́-нибудь (some time in the future?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4702" LastActivityDate="2015-04-26T20:52:33.217" Title="What's the difference between the two suffixes -то and -нибудь?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8603" CreationDate="2015-04-26T20:37:22.203" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not a linguist or a teacher, but this is how I understand it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;как-то is somehow, как-нибудь is also somehow, but it also can mean anyhow, in any way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in the similar manner: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кто-то = someone, кто́-нибудь = anyone or whoever&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;где-то = somewhere, где-нибудь = somewhere, but not important where, someplace or wherever&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;куда́-то = somewhere, куда́-нибудь = anywhere&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;что-то = something, что-нибудь = anything&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;когда́-то = sometime, когда́-нибудь = some not specific (anytime) time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5373" LastActivityDate="2015-04-26T20:37:22.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8603" CreationDate="2015-04-26T20:37:40.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian &quot;-нибудь&quot; is like English &quot;-ever&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кто-нибудь - whoever, где-нибудь - wherever, когда-нибудь - whenever etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;кто-нибудь&quot; is derived from &quot;кто ни будь&quot; i.e. &quot;кто (бы) ни был&quot; - which means &quot;whoever (was)&quot;. The others have similar origin and meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-04-26T20:52:33.217" LastActivityDate="2015-04-26T20:52:33.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8603" CreationDate="2015-04-26T20:39:47.957" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The way I used to describe the difference to an English speak is to draw a parallel with prefixes &lt;em&gt;some-&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;any-&lt;/em&gt;, specifically:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;кто-то / кто́-нибудь&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  somebody / anybody&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;где-то / где-нибудь&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  somewhere / anywhere&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;что-то / что-нибудь&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  something / anything&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's slightly different with &lt;em&gt;как-то / как-нибудь&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;когда-нибдь / когда-то&lt;/em&gt; but the meaning stays the same:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он как-то это сделал&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  He did it somehow&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как-нибудь сделаем&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  We'll do it somehow&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You correctly identified that &lt;em&gt;-то&lt;/em&gt; would normally be used with passed actions and &lt;em&gt;-нибудь&lt;/em&gt; with the future ones.  In English this would also alter the meaning of the same &lt;em&gt;-how&lt;/em&gt; word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2015-04-26T20:39:47.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8603" CreationDate="2015-04-26T20:41:21.623" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's a really complicated question if you want every single of these discussed with examples&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long story short, &lt;strong&gt;-нибудь&lt;/strong&gt; refers to a hypothetical object: you have an idea that something might fit your description, but maybe such object does not exist at all. If it exists, it does not quite matter, which one. &lt;em&gt;Кто-нибудь&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;что-нибудь&lt;/em&gt; may also refer to a choice from a set of &lt;em&gt;known&lt;/em&gt; objects when it &lt;em&gt;does not matter&lt;/em&gt; which one is chosen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-то&lt;/strong&gt; refers to a real but &lt;strong&gt;unidentified&lt;/strong&gt; object. It is a certain object, but you do not know what it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes them not interchangeable in some contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Past&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In questions, assumptions and suggestions about the past it is OK to use &lt;em&gt;кто-нибудь&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;что-нибудь&lt;/em&gt;. In statements, you cannot use them in the past. After all, if you are sure the event happened, then its participants are real—even if you do not know them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Question&lt;/em&gt;: Кто-нибудь из вас раньше здесь был?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Assumption&lt;/em&gt;: Если бы кто-нибудь тут был, он бы тебя увидел. = If anyone were here, they would see you.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Assumption&lt;/em&gt;: Тебя мог кто-нибудь увидеть.= Someone might have seen you (кто-то is also possible)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement&lt;/em&gt;: Тут кто-то был. = Someone was here.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Statement&lt;/em&gt;: Начальник что-то тебе принёс. = The boss brought something for you.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Future&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the future &amp;quot;кто-нибудь&amp;quot; is used more freely that &amp;quot;кто-то&amp;quot;, because most &amp;quot;something/someone&amp;quot; sentences about future are suggestions, anyway:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кто-нибудь всё узнает и расскажет остальным. = Someone will find out everything and will tell the others.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;&amp;quot;Some time&amp;quot;&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Когда&amp;quot; is time-related by itself, so its suffixed versions are quite different in usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;когда-то&lt;/strong&gt; is typically used in the past to refer to some distant times in the past, &amp;quot;once&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;когда-нибудь&lt;/strong&gt; is either used for the past (&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;ever&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;) or for indefinite future (&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;some day&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;). If you are absolutely sure an event is bounf to happen, you can use &amp;quot;когда-то&amp;quot;, too:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он точно &lt;em&gt;когда-то/когда-нибудь&lt;/em&gt; попадётся. = He is sure to get caught some day.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There exist a few additional meanings for a few of them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;как-нибудь&lt;/strong&gt; may be used colloquially to refer to &amp;quot;someday, when you have time&amp;quot; etc.—for example, when inviting someone to hang out with you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;где-то&lt;/strong&gt; is often used colloquially as &amp;quot;about, approximately&amp;quot;, even though such usage is not acceptable for formal writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-04-26T20:41:21.623" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8608" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8610" CreationDate="2015-04-27T01:37:18.570" Score="10" ViewCount="2561" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Bulgakov's &quot;Master and Margarita&quot; there is the famous sentence: Рукописи не горят.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's usually translated into English as &quot;Manuscripts don't burn&quot;.  However it seems to me (a native English and non-native Russian speaker) that it could also be read as an impersonal construction, &quot;People don't burn manuscripts&quot; (Рукописи here being accusative rather than nominative).  So my questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Are both translations in fact correct?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If so, is either to be preferred?  In context, both seem sensible to me - the latter perhaps even the more poignant, being so clearly contrary to the facts of life in Bulgakov's society.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4205" LastActivityDate="2015-04-30T19:06:49.100" Title="Рукописи не горят" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8608" CreationDate="2015-04-27T02:59:39.420" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;To burn something&quot; in Russian would be &lt;em&gt;жечь&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Гореть&lt;/em&gt; is an intransitive verb, it does not accept an object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase &lt;em&gt;рукописи не жгут&lt;/em&gt; could indeed grammatically mean both &quot;one doesn't burn manuscripts&quot; and &quot;manuscripts don't burn (something)&quot;, though the latter meaning is unrealistic of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-04-27T02:59:39.420" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8600" CreationDate="2015-04-27T04:38:42.233" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As noted Shady_arc: '&lt;em&gt;I think, your &quot;а вот&quot; - question is sure related ( &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/4619/what-is-the-function-of-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82-in-this-sentence&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt; )&lt;/em&gt;'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я равнодушен к холоду,&lt;/code&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;а вот&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;code&gt;жары не переношу.&lt;/code&gt; — &lt;strong&gt;exactly the same&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В примере, кроме частицы &lt;code&gt;вот&lt;/code&gt;, еще один интересный случай. Для слова &lt;code&gt;жара&lt;/code&gt; будет предпочтительнее старая книжная норма, которая требовала родительный падеж перед глаголом с отрицанием. Однако возможна и вариация : &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;out=normal&amp;amp;dpp=100&amp;amp;spd=20&amp;amp;seed=16914&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%E6%E0%F0%F3%20%ED%E5&amp;amp;docid=32131&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Зато смородина жару не любит&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В данном примере, &lt;code&gt;Я равнодушен к холоду, а вот жар́у не переношу.&lt;/code&gt; Однако доводом против здесь будет омонимия, связанная с иным ударением, &lt;code&gt;ж́ару не переношу&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вариативность родительного и винительного падежей: &lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  Я не брал карандаша.        (I did not take the pencil.)&#xA;  Я не брал карандаш.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-04-27T06:20:55.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8608" CreationDate="2015-04-27T10:15:33.227" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;― Простите, не поверю, ― ответил Воланд, ― этого быть не может. &#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Рукописи не горят.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Forgive me, but I don't believe you,&quot; Woland replied, &quot;that cannot&#xA;  be:  &lt;strong&gt;manuscripts don't burn.&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The precise meaning &lt;code&gt;Рукописи не горят&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;b&gt;&lt;code&gt;Рукописи are non-inflammable, incombustible.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can we say the same thing using poetic phraseology in English?   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question will be answered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="4884" LastEditDate="2015-04-28T00:51:47.043" LastActivityDate="2015-04-28T00:51:47.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8613" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8614" CreationDate="2015-04-27T17:19:52.073" Score="3" ViewCount="51778" Body="&lt;p&gt;В этих примерах тире ставится после слова &lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Боже мой, я секретарь земской управы, той управы, где председательствует Протопопов, я секретарь, и самое большее, на что я могу надеяться, это — быть членом земской управы! (Чехов)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- По-моему, самое лучшее,  что вы можете теперь сделать, это — совсем&#xA;оставить медицинский  факультет. (Чехов)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этих — после:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мои совесть и ум говорят мне, что самое лучшее, что я могу теперь сделать, — это прочесть мальчикам прощальную лекцию... (Чехов)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Откуда этот разнобой и как предпочтительнее писать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2306" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-04-29T08:38:48.503" Title="Тире перед или после &quot;это&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8613" CreationDate="2015-04-27T17:44:28.260" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Тире обычно ставится перед «это». Тем не менее, так как тире — популярный знак авторской пунктуации для подчёркивания интонации и противопоставлений, оно часто появляется там, где оно не обязательно (а в старых произведениях — и там, где по современным нормам его вряд ли бы поставили).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2015-04-27T17:44:28.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8615" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8622" CreationDate="2015-04-27T18:45:47.190" Score="3" ViewCount="685" Body="&lt;p&gt;В этом &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/class/coach/punct/45_174&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;учебнике&lt;/a&gt; читаю такое правило:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Определения, стоящие после определяемого слова, но тесно связанные по смыслу с ним или с другими членами предложения, не обособляются. В&#xA;таких случаях, если изъять определение из состава предложения, фраза&#xA;теряет смысл.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он мог услышать вещи для себя довольно неприятные&lt;/em&gt; (Лермонтов).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Море у его ног лежало безмолвное и белое&lt;/em&gt; (Паустовский).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Потом делаю упражнения и совершаю ошибки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Начертите равносторонний треугольник со стороной, &lt;em&gt;равной пяти сантиметрам&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но ведь если удалить определение &lt;em&gt;равной пяти сантиметрам&lt;/em&gt;, предложение не имеет смысла: &lt;em&gt;Начертите равносторонний треугольник со стороной&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;28&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Страннее всего происшествия, &lt;em&gt;случающиеся на Невском проспекте&lt;/em&gt;! (Гоголь).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь я также не поставил запятую, по той же причине. Если удалить определение -- смысл теряется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2306" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-04-29T07:12:54.720" Title="Определения, тесно связанные по смыслу с определяемым словом" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8615" CreationDate="2015-04-27T21:55:52.230" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Со вторым примером всё просто: причастный оборот после определяемого существительного &lt;strong&gt;всегда&lt;/strong&gt; выделяется запятыми. Это правило имеет более высокий приоритет, чем другие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(UPD: не совсем всегда. В соседнем ответе приведено исключение.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С первым сложнее. Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он мог услышать вещи для себя довольно неприятные. (М. Ю. Лермонтов)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он мог услышать вещи, довольно неприятные его жене.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-04-28T04:54:50.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8617" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-28T03:29:04.807" Score="10" ViewCount="3526" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ie words like COP or HAM which have a similar spelling but a totally different meaning in russian or in english. Can you provide the back translation of the russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5401" LastActivityDate="2015-05-02T10:03:22.970" Title="Russian words in cyrillic that look like english words?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8615" CreationDate="2015-04-28T03:47:08.913" Score="-1" Body="&lt;pre&gt; 12. Начертите равносторонний треугольник со стороной, равной пяти сантиметрам.&#xA;                                                      └───────────────────────┘&#xA;                                                           причастный оборот&#xA;&#xA;&#xA; 28. Страннее всего происшествия, случающиеся на Невском проспекте!&#xA;                                 └────────────────────────────────┘&#xA;                                        причастный оборот&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;см. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&amp;amp;ie=utf-8&amp;amp;oe=utf-8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Обособление причастных оборотов&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вашей вины в непонимании нет, поскольку в объяснении к правилам перед упражнением ничего не говорилось о причастных оборотах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть исключение для личных местоимений. Когда запятая должна быть, но разрывает еще одну связь, со сказуемым, то запятая не ставится:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;      ┌───связь──┐                                                     &#xA;  Я сидел погруженный в глубокую задумчивость, как вдруг ...   [Пушкин]&#xA;  │      └───────────────────────────────────┘&#xA;  │                      |&#xA;  └──────связь──────── какой?&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;                  ┌───связь──┐&#xA;  До шалаша мы добежали промокшие насквозь.    [Паустовский]&#xA;            │          └──────────────────┘&#xA;            │                      |&#xA;            └──────связь──────── какие?&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-04-28T04:36:03.617" LastActivityDate="2015-04-28T04:36:03.617" CommentCount="17" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8617" CreationDate="2015-04-28T06:14:07.390" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;сор&lt;/code&gt; is the obsolete word for garbage or litter. It's used quite rarely. Pronounced like [s o r]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;нам&lt;/code&gt; is the pronoun meaning &quot;us&quot;. Its transcription is [n ʌ m]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastActivityDate="2015-04-28T06:14:07.390" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8596" CreationDate="2015-04-28T06:57:15.130" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you pronounce &lt;code&gt;автобус&lt;/code&gt; like &lt;code&gt;[афтобус]&lt;/code&gt; the voiceless consonant &lt;code&gt;т&lt;/code&gt; devoice the preceding voiced consonant &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; like you said in your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;code&gt;меж вами&lt;/code&gt; there is no need to devoice &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt; when the next word starts with voiced consonant &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; (see the difference: &lt;code&gt;меж собой&lt;/code&gt; will be &lt;code&gt;[меш сабой]&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5329" LastActivityDate="2015-04-28T06:57:15.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8617" CreationDate="2015-04-28T09:00:45.317" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ВОР&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — thief.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;MAX&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — a swing or stroke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ОН&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — the pronoun &quot;he&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Italicised lowercase (in most though not all typefaces) has a lot more, as &lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; become part of it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;роет&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — &quot;[he/she/it] digs&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сир&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — &quot;sire&quot; (not &quot;sir&quot;, which is &lt;em&gt;сэр&lt;/em&gt;), or obsoletely &quot;is orphaned&quot; (predicate form of &lt;em&gt;сирый&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;соте&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — &quot;to a cell&quot; (in a beehive).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;тор&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — &quot;torus&quot;. (The same word capitalised: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тор&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — Thor.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Times New Roman, lowercase italic &lt;em&gt;п&lt;/em&gt; is identical to &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;, giving you &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;nар&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;steam&quot;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;nо&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;on, over&quot;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;реn&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;of turnips&quot;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;саn&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;glanders&quot;. (I'm replacing &lt;em&gt;п&lt;/em&gt; with the Latin letter here.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There must be many more and it's hard to come up with an exhaustive list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-04-28T09:00:45.317" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8615" CreationDate="2015-04-28T10:56:43.377" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This guide mixes two different cases, and does not explain them very well either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он мог услышать вещи для себя довольно неприятные (Лермонтов).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no comma here not because the modifier is tightly linked to a subject (as the guide suggests), but for two reasons which must play together:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The extended modifier (&lt;em&gt;распространённое определение&lt;/em&gt;) as a whole is a comment (&lt;em&gt;рема&lt;/em&gt;) and as such has to be put towards the end of the sentence, which is not how Russian concording modifiers (&lt;em&gt;согласованные определения&lt;/em&gt;) normally behave.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The modifier itself (adjective or participle) is the last word within the clause, so that all other words, dependent on it, should precede it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason 2 was what the guide was really about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main idea is that sentence, as it goes, keeps putting the words so that the topic does not have to be separated using intonation, hence no need for isolating it with a comma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's have a closer look.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The author has put the sentence in this order because &lt;em&gt;неприятные&lt;/em&gt; is the ultimate comment of the sentence, and he wanted to put it into the very end to give it the right intonation. To do that, he has to violate normal Russian word order. Normally, the sentence would read &lt;em&gt;он мог услышать довольно неприятные для себя вещи&lt;/em&gt;, but this would make &lt;em&gt;вещи&lt;/em&gt; the comment and &lt;em&gt;неприятные&lt;/em&gt; the topic. Hence, the word order reversal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, what would have happened if the comment would have been &lt;em&gt;для себя&lt;/em&gt;? It would have gone into the end of the sentence, like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он мог услышать вещи, довольно неприятные для себя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Довольно неприятные для себя&lt;/em&gt; is a normal Russian word order. So as the sentence goes, we have a topic (&lt;em&gt;вещи&lt;/em&gt;) followed by another topic (&lt;em&gt;неприятные&lt;/em&gt;), and, hence, we have to intonate the main topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same happens if we are to make &lt;em&gt;довольно&lt;/em&gt; the comment. We can't just put it to the end of the sentence, but we can replace it with an adverbial clause:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он мог услышать вещи, неприятные для себя в достаточной степени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same rules apply and we have to separate it with a comma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Море у его ног лежало безмолвное и белое (Паустовский).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second example uses a notional copula (&lt;em&gt;знаменательная связка&lt;/em&gt;). It's a verb which plays both a grammatical role, connecting the subject (&lt;em&gt;море&lt;/em&gt;) with a predicate (&lt;em&gt;безмолвное и белое&lt;/em&gt;); and a semantic role, that is can be a predicate on itself (&lt;em&gt;море лежало&lt;/em&gt; is a valid sentence). The adjectives are predicates here, not the modifiers, hence we don't need a comma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare it to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Море было белое и безмолвное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-04-28T14:51:31.420" LastActivityDate="2015-04-28T14:51:31.420" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8617" CreationDate="2015-04-28T11:36:56.283" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;НАТЕ&lt;/code&gt; - take it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was a rock band with that name in 80's.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="310" LastEditDate="2015-04-28T11:43:01.980" LastActivityDate="2015-04-28T11:43:01.980" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8617" CreationDate="2015-04-28T12:33:53.247" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Besides mentioned word &quot;Сор&quot; there is also the word &quot;Mycop&quot; which normally means &quot;Trash&quot; but in the jargon - &quot;the Policeman&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-04-28T13:10:44.147" LastActivityDate="2015-04-28T13:10:44.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8617" CreationDate="2015-04-28T14:46:57.610" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've created two word lists from aspell's databases. I used the standard rules for Latin-Cyrillic symbol correspondence which defines symbols usable on Russian vehicle license plates: &lt;code&gt;ABEKMHOPCTYX&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English word list:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;aspell --lang=en dump master | egrep -i &quot;^[ABEKMHOPCTYX]+$&quot; | sed 's/.*/\U&amp;amp;/' | tr 'ABEKMHOPCTYX' `echo 'АВЕКМНОРСТУХ' | iconv -f utf-8 -t koi8-r` | iconv -f koi8-r -t utf-8 | sort &amp;gt; en-sorted.txt&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian word list:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;aspell --lang=ru dump master | sed 's/\/.*//;s/.*/\U&amp;amp;/' | egrep -i '^[АВЕКМНОРСТУХ]+$' | sort &amp;gt; ru-sorted.txt&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Comparison:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;comm -12 en-sorted.txt ru-sorted.txt | awk '{print length, $0}' | sort -n | cut -d&quot; &quot; -f2-&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This yields quite a long list with two five-letter matches:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;МЕССА&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ТОТЕМ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and a handful of four-letter matches:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;АТОМ&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ВАКЕ&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ВЕЕР&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ВЕЕТ&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ВОСК&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  КАМА&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  МАМА&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  МЕТА&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  МОРЕ&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  МОСК&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  НАТЕ&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  РАСТ&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  СНОС&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  СОТЕ  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ВАКе&lt;/em&gt; is apparently &lt;em&gt;ВАК (Высшая аттестационная комиссия)&lt;/em&gt; in prepositional, and I don't have a slightest idea about what &lt;em&gt;моск&lt;/em&gt; is, but otherwise the list looks legit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-04-28T14:46:57.610" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8285" CreationDate="2015-04-28T20:00:12.260" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эта фраза по сути является урезанием от &quot;бытовая культура и высокое искусство&quot;. В русском языке эти понятия достаточно сильно разведены. Картины да Винчи носители языка назовут лишь искусством, но не культурой. Правда в словосочетании &quot;наука и культура&quot; под &quot;культурой&quot; уже будет пониматься и живопись, и музыка, и пр искусства)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается науки, что физико-математической, что гуманитарной, то она в русском языке не является частью культуры.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastActivityDate="2015-04-28T20:00:12.260" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8161" CreationDate="2015-04-28T20:31:39.137" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Между определяемым словом и обособление, начинающимся словом &quot;который&quot; допускаются слова, если они не в том же роде и/или числе, что и определяемое слово. Если бы вместо &quot;страз&quot; (множественное число) была бы, например, &quot;застёжка&quot;, то фраза была бы неправильной, так как оборот относился к последнему слову.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastActivityDate="2015-04-28T20:31:39.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8615" CreationDate="2015-04-29T07:12:54.720" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;В примере &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Начертите равносторонний треугольник со стороной, равной пяти сантиметрам&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; запятой выделяется причастный оборот, а не прилагательное с зависимыми словами. Оно образовано от глагола &quot;равняться&quot;, в этом случае &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;причастие можно заменить оборотом с глаголом, от которого оно образовано.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Начертите равносторонний треугольник со стороной,&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;которая равняется пяти сантиметрам.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Причастия указывают на признаки, развивающиеся во времени. Здесь именно такой признак. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5403" LastActivityDate="2015-04-29T07:12:54.720" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8613" CreationDate="2015-04-29T08:03:19.540" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;При подлежащем, выраженном словом это, между главными членами предложения тире ставится в зависимости от логического выделения подлежащего и наличия паузы после него; ср.: Это — начало всех начал.  Это неплохое начало; Это — одиночество (Ч.). — Это дом Зверкова (Г.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То же в вашем примере.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;См.: Справочник по пунктуации. Розенталь, Д. Э. &lt;a href=&quot;http://old-rozental.ru/punctuatio.php?sid=91#pp91&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Тире между членами предложения&lt;/a&gt;, &#xA;Полный академический справочник. &lt;a href=&quot;http://orthographia.ru/punctuatio.php?sid=106#pp106&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Тире между подлежащим и сказуемым&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5403" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-04-29T08:38:48.503" LastActivityDate="2015-04-29T08:38:48.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8631" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8632" CreationDate="2015-04-29T09:11:30.027" Score="2" ViewCount="2485" Body="&lt;p&gt;Каково значение выражения &quot;Кому не слабó&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4299" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-04-29T12:37:46.197" LastActivityDate="2015-04-29T22:09:25.023" Title="Что означает выражение &quot;Кому не слабо&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8631" CreationDate="2015-04-29T13:34:26.600" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Слаб́о&lt;/code&gt; это предикат, то есть, выступает как сказуемое, отвечает на вопросы &lt;code&gt;кому? что?&lt;/code&gt;. &#xA;&lt;code&gt;Сл́або&lt;/code&gt; это краткое прилагательное от &lt;code&gt;слабый&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Точное значение вопроса &lt;code&gt;Слаб́о?&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;code&gt;Можешь?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;К этому значению необходимо добавить подтекст: &lt;em&gt;давай, покажи нам, что ты не слабак, не трус, не размазня.&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;Слаб́о&lt;/code&gt; is a word in the short predicative form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The precise meaning of the question &lt;code&gt;Слаб́о?&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;Can you do it?&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Then in any language we must add a connotation value for it: &lt;em&gt;Show us that you are not a cream puff, worrier or not a weakling one.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5373" LastEditDate="2015-04-29T22:09:25.023" LastActivityDate="2015-04-29T22:09:25.023" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8633" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8634" CreationDate="2015-04-29T16:45:57.597" Score="3" ViewCount="370" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я не смог найти перевод в интернете &quot;не издевайся на домной&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6300" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-05-01T05:58:03.660" LastActivityDate="2015-05-01T07:27:20.580" Title="Что значит фраза &quot;не издевайся на домной&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8633" CreationDate="2015-04-29T16:50:53.923" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have the last two words divided in a wrong way. Actually, it is &quot;не издевайся надо мной&quot; meaning &quot;don't mock at me&quot;, &quot;don't humiliate me.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-04-29T16:50:53.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8635" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8400" CreationDate="2015-04-29T17:38:36.403" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если вы хотите, чтобы вас понял любой носитель русского языка, то лучше писать &quot;псевдоискусство&quot; или &quot;ширпотреб&quot; (&lt;em&gt;товары широкого потребления&lt;/em&gt;). Слово &quot;кич&quot; (я как носитель русского языка написал бы так, потому что сочетание &quot;тч&quot; в русском непроизносимо и есть влияние русского корня -кич-, &lt;em&gt;ср. кичливый, кичиться&lt;/em&gt;) в России малоупотребительно, но людям, увлекающиеся английским языком или искусством о нём известно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Посмотрел этимологию, первоначально слово появилось из немецкого языка, где никакого &quot;т&quot; нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastEditorUserId="5405" LastEditDate="2015-05-01T09:14:11.483" LastActivityDate="2015-05-01T09:14:11.483" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8636" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8594" CreationDate="2015-04-29T21:05:40.660" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've found precisely the book I've been looking for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;George Z. Patrick, &lt;em&gt;Roots of the Russian Language. An Elementary Guide to Wordbuilding&lt;/em&gt;, New York, 1938 (republished various times in following decades)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Excerpt from the foreword:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Based on the supposition that familiarity and practice with the com-&#xA;  ponent elements of Russian words will facilitate student comprehension&#xA;  and learning, &lt;em&gt;Roots of the Russian Language&lt;/em&gt; includes four hundred and&#xA;  fifty of the most commonly used roots of the Russian language in a&#xA;  convenient, reference format. Mastery of these roots should enable&#xA;  students to form many more derivatives, increasing their Russian vocab-&#xA;  ularies, as well as enhancing their enjoyment and satisfaction in learning&#xA;  the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These &lt;em&gt;roots&lt;/em&gt; are what I was looking for. Most words are derived from roots and are more easily memorized when seen in context of the root and fellow derivatives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More info in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://amzn.com/0844242675&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;reviews on Amazon.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4366" LastActivityDate="2015-04-29T21:05:40.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8639" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8640" CreationDate="2015-04-30T14:53:00.400" Score="2" ViewCount="474" Body="&lt;p&gt;У пользователя в англоязычной системе есть роль &quot;Approver&quot;. Он подтверждает заказы обычных пользователей. Как перевести Approver кратко на русский одним словом. Ну, или не слишком пространно, не &quot;пользователь, утверждающий заказы&quot;. Так, чтобы помещалось нормально на кнопке. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Заранее спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2439" LastEditorUserId="3819" LastEditDate="2019-12-26T19:45:46.610" LastActivityDate="2019-12-26T19:45:46.610" Title="Как перевести &quot;Approver&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8639" CreationDate="2015-04-30T17:01:10.177" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;В ЖЖ пользователь, который одобряет или не одобряет пост в сообщество, называется модератор. Можно назвать апрувера &lt;code&gt;модератор&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;модератор заказов&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Viewer можно перевести как смотритель (если у него не только доступ, но и власть) или наблюдатель.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2015-04-30T17:06:34.450" LastActivityDate="2015-04-30T17:06:34.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8641" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8594" CreationDate="2015-04-30T17:14:06.387" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Perhaps it would be of some interest to you. Each of these examples consists of the one and only word, the rest is a mix of forms derived from that word and prepositions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;С&lt;/code&gt; through &lt;code&gt;Я&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;Натисни не стесняясь на притесняемых, стиснутых в тисках тесноты. &#xA;Утешала в утехах — тише!&#xA;В толкучке толкового толкнули в толкотне.&#xA;Треснула и затрещала с треском трещотка.&#xA;Трудно трудиться не утруждаясь трудом.&#xA;За тягу тянули тяжело, но не тужили.&#xA;Узник в узкой вязнице завязывал узел.&#xA;В схватке хваткий захватом похитил хищника.&#xA;Холод охладит прохладой.&#xA;Ходок на восходе расходовал приход и оприходовал расход.&#xA;Процветающая цветочница с цветом от зацветшего цветка. &#xA;Поцелуй исцеляет при целовании.&#xA;У оценщика драгоценности с уценкой обесценились.&#xA;В черновике зачеркнутое черными чернилами почернело.&#xA;Чертежник начертился до чёртиков в чертежной.&#xA;Чиновник по причине подчинения чинит зачинщикам причины для сочинений.&#xA;Чистый расчищает до чистоты.&#xA;Предчувствие чувствовалось в сочувствии.&#xA;Соучастие — к части участи для участвовавших.&#xA;У чудака чудовище чудно отчуждалось на чужбине.&#xA;Беспощадный щедро пощадил.&#xA;Явившийся с заявлением объявил явью явно отъявленным.&#xA;Яснее ясного, пояснение выяснять у поясняющего.   &#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A native speaker have little to no difficulty making a new. It didn't take me long to make up my examples, max. 2-3 min on each.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure if this is something special for other languages. But I strongly believe, that morphism plays the key role in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-04-30T17:14:06.387" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8608" CreationDate="2015-04-30T18:59:41.840" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Рукописи не горят&quot; idiom means  &quot;you can't kill an idea&quot; or (sometimes)  &quot;art is immortal.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has nothing to do with &quot;рукописи не жгут&quot; -- the Master says that &lt;em&gt;he burned it&lt;/em&gt; only a couple of paragraphs above in the original text.&#xA;Therefore the second translation is wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The mere fact that it is an idiom means that the phrase should not be interpreted literally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="348" LastEditorUserId="348" LastEditDate="2015-04-30T19:06:49.100" LastActivityDate="2015-04-30T19:06:49.100" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8643" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-04-30T22:17:47.433" Score="2" ViewCount="262" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I write &quot;Кому надо послать деньги?&quot; does that mean&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) To whom must the money be sent? - or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) Who must send the money?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is the sentence ambiguous?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks for any help. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt; Let me clarify that answers in Russian are welcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5413" LastEditorUserId="5413" LastEditDate="2015-05-01T17:11:08.713" LastActivityDate="2015-05-01T23:54:56.140" Title="A sentence starting with &quot;кому надо&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8643" CreationDate="2015-05-01T00:38:21.147" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a bit ambiguous, and may indeed mean both (theoretically), depending on context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To whom should I send the money?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Who &lt;em&gt;has to/want to&lt;/em&gt; send the money?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the latter is rather unlikely in normal situations, but might come useful if these is somethin unusual about the transfer, i.e. it matters who exactly sends the money. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or if you asked a friend a rather general question about transferring money, so they are interested who exactly needs their money to be sent (&quot;Кому надо послать деньги&quot; sounds rather informal for a question from the official support).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a pragmatic point of view, I'd avoid using the phrase in the 2nd meaning if a person answering it is not particularly familiar with situation. Or if they answer similar questions ten times a day. The reason is exactly the &quot;most likely&quot; interpretation: if a person hears something like that out of the blue, they will probably analyze it according to &lt;em&gt;&quot;send - something - to someone&quot;&lt;/em&gt; scheme. For the second meaning to activate, a person has to know that the addressee is already known (so you would not ask that again).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2015-05-01T00:38:21.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8647" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8643" CreationDate="2015-05-01T07:38:28.457" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This sentence is ambiguous. In a written text usually only (1) is acceptable. But in everyday talk (or in a book if the author tries to imitate the spoken language) you may encounter both variants differing in intonation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-05-01T07:38:28.457" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8643" CreationDate="2015-05-01T17:09:13.310" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ответ: да, двусмысленно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Предложенный Вами случай не специфичен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;b&gt;Вы автор книги «Анна Каренина»?&lt;/b&gt;&#xA; 1. Вы — автор?&#xA; 2. Этой книги, или другой?&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;b&gt;Диаметр круга пять сантиметров?&lt;/b&gt;&#xA; 1. Пять, a не шесть сантиметров?&#xA; 2. Именно круга? А может, кольца?&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы пишем для того, чтобы нас &lt;em&gt;правильно&lt;/em&gt; поняли. &lt;strong&gt;Двусмысленность является ошибкой&lt;/strong&gt; в передаче сообщения. Исключением будет поэзия, где мы наоборот, желаем, чтобы фантазия читателя улетела далеко-далеко :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OP case is not special:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;b&gt;Вы автор книги «Анна Каренина»?&lt;/b&gt;&#xA; 1. You're the author of the book «Анна Каренина», aren't you? &#xA;    I said, no, the author is Tolstoy.&#xA; 2. Are you an author, if I am not mistaken, of the book «Анна Каренина» or something?&#xA;&#xA;&lt;b&gt;Диаметр круга пять сантиметров?&lt;/b&gt; &#xA; 1. What is the diameter of the circle? &#xA;    They asked me how big. I said, 5 cm in diameter.&#xA; 2. The diameter of what of? Of a circle, or possible, a ring?&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is evident that OP case is not special, but a very ordinary case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Poetry is famous for its haziness. But for most writing, &lt;b&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ambiguity is a weakness.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/b&gt; There is a plently cases also in English. Try searching for Ambiguity in the Web. For example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;b&gt;They were entertaining guests.&lt;/b&gt;  &#xA;  This sentence is ambiguous because the reader &#xA;  does not know if the guests were amusing or &#xA;  if people were giving hospitality to guests.&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-05-01T17:31:33.750" LastActivityDate="2015-05-01T17:31:33.750" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8649" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8653" CreationDate="2015-05-01T17:27:31.420" Score="2" ViewCount="719" Body="&lt;p&gt;While it would seem logically that the popular expression &quot;ни рыба ни мясо&quot;&lt;s&gt;--meaning roughly &quot;neither here nor there&quot;--&lt;/s&gt;should have both nouns in genitive, a quick Google search reveals that the more serious sources--including &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=pLl3OxDrw6UC&amp;amp;pg=PA65&amp;amp;dq=%22%D0%9D%D0%B8%20%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%20%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BE%22&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ei=qrZDVafVJYrWas2pgbAK&amp;amp;ved=0CGYQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%22%D0%9D%D0%B8%20%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%20%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BE%22&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;A Dictionary of Russian Idioms and Colloquialisms&lt;/a&gt;--spell it as such, with both nouns in nominative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this? Is there any reason that the nouns are in nominative? Is this standard following &quot;ни&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4238" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2015-05-18T10:08:12.477" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T10:08:12.477" Title="Correct form of the expression &quot;Ни рыба ни мясо&quot;" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8649" CreationDate="2015-05-01T17:40:42.123" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this idiom, both nouns should be in the Nominative case, &lt;code&gt;ни рыба, ни мясо&lt;/code&gt;, no other way. The way you thought it was right, &amp;quot;ни рыба ни мяса&amp;quot;, only &amp;quot;мяса&amp;quot; is in the Genitive case, &amp;quot;рыба&amp;quot; is Nominative. Anyway, it is wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the rough meaning of that idiom is 'something senseless, useless; a person without any established point of view; an inactive, passive person'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD. Here are some examples of how this expression is used. The best English translation is 'neither fish nor fowl', it is usually used as a predicatve or as an apposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он ни мужик, ни барин, ни рыба, ни мясо... &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%20%ED%E8%20%F0%FB%E1%E0%2C%20%ED%E8%20%EC%FF%F1%EE&amp;amp;p=3&amp;amp;docid=48225&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;А. П. Чехов. Неприятность, (1888)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;He is neither a peasant nor gentleman, neither fish nor fowl.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Потому что я ни рыба ни мясо. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%20%ED%E8%20%F0%FB%E1%E0%2C%20%ED%E8%20%EC%FF%F1%EE&amp;amp;p=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Геннадий Алексеев. Зеленые берега (1983-1984)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Because I am neither fish nor fowl.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Генерала Веймарна мы увольняем, он ни рыба ни мясо. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%20%ED%E8%20%F0%FB%E1%E0%2C%20%ED%E8%20%EC%FF%F1%EE&amp;amp;p=2&amp;amp;docid=83543&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;В. Я. Шишков. Емельян Пугачев. Книга первая. Ч. 3 (1934-1939)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;We shall discharge General Veymarn, he is neither fish nor fowl.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This expression is the first part of a longer idiom, &lt;code&gt;ни рыба ни мясо, ни кафтан ни ряса&lt;/code&gt;, literary &amp;quot;neither fish nor meat, neither &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaftan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;caftan&lt;/a&gt; nor cassock.&amp;quot; There is also a synonymic expression &lt;code&gt;ни то ни сё&lt;/code&gt;, literary &amp;quot;neither that nor this&amp;quot;, it is used in the same way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-05-01T20:03:41.460" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8652" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8649" CreationDate="2015-05-01T19:55:55.723" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ни рыба ни мясо = It is neither fish nor meat. This is a borderline thing, impossible to classify.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ни рыбы ни мяса = There is neither fish nor meat. Well, we do not have the food.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-05-01T19:55:55.723" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8649" CreationDate="2015-05-01T19:56:53.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A part of the question is still unanswered, so...   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The particle &lt;kbd&gt;ни&lt;/kbd&gt; give us negative meaning:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;      ни одной ошибки.&#xA;        no mistakes      (had been made)&#xA;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The double conjunction &lt;kbd&gt;ни ... ни&lt;/kbd&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;                       ни ... ни       &#xA;                    neither ... nor&#xA;&#xA;       число 1 не считается ни простым, ни составным &#xA;  the number 1 is not considered either prime or composite &#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;   &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: In the sentence where the particle  &lt;kbd&gt;не&lt;/kbd&gt; renders negative meaning of the verb, words with the particle  &lt;kbd&gt;ни&lt;/kbd&gt; should be followed by the particle  &lt;kbd&gt;не&lt;/kbd&gt;:    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  One thing he did make his mind up about was not to bother to get up&#xA;  very early and cook everybody else's wretched breakfast. &#xA;&#xA;  Единственное, что он твёрдо решил, — ни в коем случае не вставать &#xA;  ни свет ни заря, чтобы накормить всех этих дармоедов.      &#xA;&#xA;                                         [J. R. R. Tolkien. The Hobbit] &#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Should we have both nouns in genitive?&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ни рыба ни мясо&lt;/code&gt; is a &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;out=normal&amp;amp;dpp=30&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;seed=12973&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%ED%E8&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=%F0%FB%E1%E0&amp;amp;gramm2=nom&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m3=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=1&amp;amp;lex3=%ED%E8&amp;amp;gramm3=&amp;amp;sem3=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags3=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;parent4=0&amp;amp;level4=0&amp;amp;min4=1&amp;amp;max4=1&amp;amp;lex4=%EC%FF%F1%EE&amp;amp;gramm4=nom&amp;amp;sem4=&amp;amp;sem-mod4=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod4=sem2&amp;amp;flags4=&amp;amp;m4=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;Ни рыба ни мясо&quot;&gt;fixed phrase&lt;/a&gt;. It may used as a non breaking unit in a sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  они   ни то ни сё,  ни рыба ни мясо. &#xA; └───┘ └───────────┘ └───────────────┘&#xA;                                                            [Ростопчин. (1812)]&#xA;&#xA;  что мы такое? ни рыба ни мясо,  ни Европа ни Азия. &#xA;               └───────────────┘ └─────────────────┘&#xA;                                                  [Бестужев-Марлинский. (1833)]&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The structure &lt;code&gt;Он (is) ни рыба ни мясо&lt;/code&gt; will require nominative case between the two units (that means no link with inflection). Note: A comma is omitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast, there is an ordinary sentence with its ordinary units:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt; &#xA;  Там вообще жизнь духовная, там не нужны ни рыба, ни мясо, ни хлеб, ни вода.&#xA;                                         └───────┘└───────┘└───────┘└───────┘&#xA;                                                   [Протоиерей Д.Смирнов. (1984-1989)]&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;  Он не ел ни рыбы, ни мяса. &#xA;          └───────┘└───────┘                                &#xA;                In &quot;ни мяса&quot; we have literally &quot;(there is) no (of a) meat&quot;&#xA;&#xA;  В городе нет (кого?чего?) ни хлеба, ни рыбы, ни мяса.              Родительный/Gen&#xA;                           └────────┘└───────┘└───────┘     &#xA;  Он не любил (кого?что?) ни хлеб, ни рыбу, ни мясо.                 Винительный/Accu&#xA;                         └───────┘└───────┘└───────┘                 &#xA;  Он не был рад (кому?чему?) ни хлебу, ни рыбе, ни мясу.             Дательный/Dat   &#xA;                            └────────┘└───────┘└───────┘              &#xA;  Это животное не кормят (кем?чем?) ни хлебом, ни рыбой, ни мясом.   Творит./Instr&#xA;                                   └─────────┘└────────┘└────────┘  &#xA;                         &lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is mere coincidence that a fixed phrase appear very similar to a sequence of objects of an action (direct objects).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;you may be interested to know&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;out=normal&amp;amp;dpp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;seed=18834&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%ED%E8&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=bcomma&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=12&amp;amp;lex2=%ED%E8&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Usage example 1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=random&amp;amp;out=normal&amp;amp;dpp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;seed=5012&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%ED%E8&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=18&amp;amp;lex2=%ED%E8&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Usage example 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-05-11T20:17:14.967" LastActivityDate="2015-05-11T20:17:14.967" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8643" CreationDate="2015-05-01T23:54:56.140" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кому надо послать деньги?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В разговоре смысл этой фразы может зависеть от контекста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наиболее вероятный вариант - вопрос о человеке-получателе.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Я иду в банк, напомни, кому надо послать дельги (кто получатель).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Другие возможные варианты:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Кому(-то) надо послать деньги? Проходите без очереди.&lt;/em&gt; - про отправителя.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Кому(-нибудь) надо послать деньги? Я иду в банк, пойдёмте вместе.&lt;/em&gt; - про отправителя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В любом случае, перевод &lt;em&gt;Who must send the money?&lt;/em&gt; мне кажется неправильным. Для этого варианта скорее должно быть &lt;em&gt;is going to&lt;/em&gt; или &lt;em&gt;wants to&lt;/em&gt;. Вариант &lt;em&gt;Who must send the money?&lt;/em&gt; я понимаю как &lt;em&gt;Чья обязанность послать деньги?&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Кто должен послать деньги?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5385" LastActivityDate="2015-05-01T23:54:56.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8617" CreationDate="2015-05-02T10:03:22.970" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OMON&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ОМОН&lt;/a&gt;, a system of special police units, looks like a mirror image of &quot;HOMO&quot;, which in English is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/homo#Etymology&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;derogatory short form&lt;/a&gt; of &quot;homosexual&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://boingboing.net/2013/08/15/look-at-the-interesting-badges.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Boing boing&lt;/a&gt; has a photo of the police, with their name visible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5423" LastActivityDate="2015-05-02T10:03:22.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8657" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-02T11:13:04.813" Score="3" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the russian term for &quot;verbal inspiration&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is the teaching, that God basically gave each an every word of the original text of the bible to its authors, which wrote them down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For ukrainian I found &lt;code&gt;Богонатхнення&lt;/code&gt; on Wikipedia, but I could not find a russian term. It seems &lt;code&gt;вербальное вдохновение&lt;/code&gt; is not the correct translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5424" LastEditorUserId="5424" LastEditDate="2015-05-02T11:29:57.497" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T05:37:21.297" Title="Russian term for &quot;verbal inspiration&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8658" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8657" CreationDate="2015-05-02T11:35:22.243" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe it's &lt;em&gt;богодухновение&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;боговдохновение, богодухновенность, боговдохновенность&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 Timothy 3:16 (KJV):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in Russian Synodal Bible reads:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все Писание богодухновенно и полезно для научения, для обличения, для исправления, для наставления в праведности&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, same verse in Elizabeth Bible (Church Slavonic):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всяко писанiе богодухновенно и полезно есть ко оученiю, ко ωбличенiю, ко исправленiю, къ наказанiю еже въ правдѣ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alexander Men's &quot;Bible Dictionary&quot; mentions &lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/hifNgP&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ВЕРБАЛИ́ЗМ (от лат. verbum — слово), теория, согласно к-рой Писание полностью было продиктовано Духом Святым и поэтому каждое его слово (и даже каждую его букву) как исходящее от Бога следует понимать в буквальном смысле как слово Бога. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-05-02T11:55:45.887" LastActivityDate="2015-05-02T11:55:45.887" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8659" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8657" CreationDate="2015-05-02T17:24:54.337" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that the theory of &quot;verbal inspiration&quot; in Russian Orthodoxy is usually referred as &quot;Вербальная теория богодухновенности&quot; or simply &quot;Вербализм&quot;. Needless to say it's not considered as canonical one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-05-02T17:24:54.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8661" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8662" CreationDate="2015-05-03T04:50:01.747" Score="4" ViewCount="360" Body="&lt;p&gt;These words are similar in pronunciation and meaning. Do they have a common root?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2018-05-03T07:08:07.793" LastActivityDate="2018-05-03T07:08:07.793" Title="Do &quot;шильдик&quot; and &quot;shield&quot; have a common root?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8661" CreationDate="2015-05-03T06:02:01.603" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;code&gt;шильдик&lt;/code&gt; originated from German &quot;Schild&quot; that's likely to have common descent with English &quot;Shield&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastActivityDate="2015-05-03T06:02:01.603" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8661" CreationDate="2015-05-03T06:33:31.807" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Surely both are from German &quot;Schild&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-05-03T06:33:31.807" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8666" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-03T10:51:57.393" Score="0" ViewCount="377" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen take it, take that, get and catch? Are all valid or are there other ways?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5401" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-05-08T16:23:37.483" LastActivityDate="2015-05-08T19:30:25.650" Title="How can one translate the word &quot;Нате&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8666" CreationDate="2015-05-03T11:38:14.150" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there are all that three meanings in this word&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5428" LastActivityDate="2015-05-03T11:38:14.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8666" CreationDate="2015-05-03T12:18:19.647" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Translate into what language? And  how the phrases you bring are connected with the word &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;hate&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5403" LastActivityDate="2015-05-03T12:18:19.647" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8666" CreationDate="2015-05-04T01:32:46.407" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are all valid. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;На&lt;/strong&gt; is a particle you sometimes use in speech when &quot;giving&quot; something to a person, verbally encouraging them to &quot;take, get&quot; it. Often used in the beginning of a sentence, or as a one-word sentence. Its plural/polite form is &lt;em&gt;&quot;нате&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, though, strictly speaking, their usage differs a bit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &quot;take it&quot; meaning gives rise to a few metaphorical uses in set expressions. In such expressions &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;нате&lt;/em&gt; are not, as a rule, interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2015-05-04T01:32:46.407" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8671" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8674" CreationDate="2015-05-04T02:15:46.820" Score="6" ViewCount="6011" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm considering learning &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_Cyrillic_alphabet&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mongolian Cyrillic&lt;/a&gt;. One thing I'd like to know is whether learning Mongolian Cyrillic will help me understand Russian Cyrillic. If I learn Mongolian Cyrillic, will I be able to identify Russian Cyrillic letters, and be able to (somewhat) correctly pronounce Russian words composed of them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_Cyrillic_alphabet&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;mentions&lt;/a&gt; that  Өө and Үү exist in Mongolian Cyrillic but not Russian Cyrillic, but I couldn't notice any other differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Just to be clear: I wouldn't plan on learning Russian without learning Russian Cyrillic first, but currently I don't anticipate learning Russian)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I'd also be curious as to whether learning Mongolian Cyrillic would help being able to read and pronounce words in Bulgarian, but presumably that's off topic)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5423" LastEditorUserId="5423" LastEditDate="2015-05-04T02:40:04.473" LastActivityDate="2017-06-04T07:20:11.043" Title="How similar are Mongolian Cyrillic and Russian Cyrillic?" Tags="&lt;other-languages&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8666" CreationDate="2015-05-04T03:32:21.687" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is interjection на in plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-05-04T03:32:21.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8671" CreationDate="2015-05-04T07:21:15.877" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian and Khalkha Mongolian have &lt;em&gt;extremely&lt;/em&gt; different phonetics and phonotactics, so different that &lt;em&gt;half&lt;/em&gt; of the Cyrillic letters are pronounced differently in the two languages:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;Letter       Mongolian IPA     Russian IPA&#xA;&#xA;Бб           p, pʲ              b, bʲ (p, pʲ)*&#xA;Вв           w̜, w̜ʲ              v, vʲ (f, fʲ)*&#xA;Дд           t, tʲ              d, dʲ (t, tʲ)*&#xA;Жж           tʃ                 ʐ (ʂ)*&#xA;Зз           ts                z (s)*&#xA;Йй           i                 j&#xA;Кк           kʰ, kʲʰ, x, xʲ       k, kʲ&#xA;Лл           ɮ, ɮʲ              l, lʲ&#xA;Нн           n, nʲ, ŋ           n, nʲ&#xA;Пп           pʰ, pʰʲ             p, pʲ&#xA;Тт           tʰ, tʰʲ             t, tʲ&#xA;Фф           f, pʰ              f&#xA;Цц           tsʰ                ts&#xA;Чч           tʃʰ                 t͡ɕ&#xA;Шш           ʃ                  ʂ&#xA;Ыы           i                  ɨ&#xA;&#xA;______________________________&#xA;&#xA;* - at the end of a word and/or before a voiceless consonant&#xA;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a teacher, I should tell you, it is not the best idea to learn the Mongolian Cyrillic to be able to understand Russian Cyrillic. Why not learning Russian Cyrillic at once? What you want to do is like learning the English spelling to be able to read Latin, it is almost the same situation: the letters are the same, but half of the letters are pronounced differently in English and Latin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-05-04T07:21:15.877" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8671" CreationDate="2015-05-04T07:41:08.933" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mongolian is phonetically very different from Russian, so, while you will still have a general idea about which sound corresponds to which letter, mechanical transliteration of Mongolian word into Russian and vise versa will work no better than doing it with say French and English: &quot;au revoir&quot; is not aw-ree-voy-er, not even close, though the alphabet is the same, and some sounds do correspond.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mongolian does not contrast voiced and unvoiced consonants but rather aspirated and non-aspirated, so pairs &lt;em&gt;т/д&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;б/п&lt;/em&gt; etc. differ in aspiration, not vocalization; &lt;em&gt;ж&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;з&lt;/em&gt; correspond to Russian &lt;em&gt;ч&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ц&lt;/em&gt;; and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The probably most known Mongolian word, &lt;em&gt;төгрөг&lt;/em&gt; (the name of Mongolian currency), in Russian is rendered as &lt;em&gt;тугрик&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;монгол шуудан&lt;/em&gt; is normally transliterated (as in the band's name) but, if transcribed, should rather be &lt;em&gt;монгл шутн&lt;/em&gt;, with the nasal final &lt;em&gt;н&lt;/em&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would do no harm, though, to learn a foreign alphabet, as long as you don't apply it mechanically to a language other than the one you learned it for originally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-05-04T08:40:05.757" LastActivityDate="2015-05-04T08:40:05.757" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8671" CreationDate="2015-05-04T12:48:07.243" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Trying to answer the last part of your question, the Bulgarian alphabet is very similar to the Russian one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я (Russian)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ь ю я (Bulgarian)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I've omitted the capital letters here)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bulgarian has fewer letters (ё, ы, э are missing) and Bulgarian e, щ and ъ are pronounced (slightly) differently. Apart from those differences, I think learning the &lt;em&gt;Russian&lt;/em&gt; version of the Cyrillic alphabet would definitely help you learning Bulgarian Cyrillic - but starting with Mongolian might just be confusing... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5418" LastActivityDate="2015-05-04T12:48:07.243" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8678" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-05T11:28:05.313" Score="1" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;I ran across two sentences: Марина вышла замуж за Павла and then Марина замужем недавно.  What is the difference between using вышла замуж as opposed to замужем?  Are they basically synonyms or are there specific contexts in which one is used over the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2220" LastActivityDate="2015-05-05T11:51:37.830" Title="выходить замуж as opposed to быть замужем" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8678" CreationDate="2015-05-05T11:45:25.717" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Act vs state. &quot;To get married&quot; vs &quot;to be married&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5427" LastActivityDate="2015-05-05T11:45:25.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8678" CreationDate="2015-05-05T11:51:37.830" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, &lt;code&gt;выйти замуж&lt;/code&gt; is  'to marry (about women)', and &lt;code&gt;быть замужем&lt;/code&gt; is 'to be married (about women).'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Марина вышла замуж за Павла.&quot; means 'Marina [has] married Pavel.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sentence tells us that Marina is (or was) married, and her husband is (or was) Pavel. Note, this sentence is in the past tense, it tells about the fact of Marina's marriage and about her husband, but it gives no information as for whether she is still married.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Марина замужем недавно.&quot; means 'Marina has been married recently.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sentence tells us that Marina &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; married &lt;em&gt;now&lt;/em&gt;, and it also tells about how long ago the marriage happened. This sentence is in the present tense. You can also specify the name of the husband in this sentence, like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Марина замужем за Павлом недавно.&quot; means 'Marina has been married to Pavel recently.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note, that in the first sentence it is &lt;code&gt;за&lt;/code&gt; + Accusative case, but in the second one it is &lt;code&gt;за&lt;/code&gt; + Instrumental case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-05-05T11:51:37.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8681" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8682" CreationDate="2015-05-05T14:51:50.893" Score="1" ViewCount="291" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a little confused on this phrase. Are the cases nominative + идти в ущерб + dative? Спасибо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6300" LastEditorUserId="6300" LastEditDate="2015-05-05T17:20:55.370" LastActivityDate="2015-05-09T10:52:43.303" Title="Словосочетание идти в ущерб" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8681" CreationDate="2015-05-05T15:25:53.530" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, they are. Usually it is used as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;X не должен (не может, не будет) идти в ущерб Y.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;X is in nominative, Y is in dative. The verb &lt;code&gt;должен&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;может&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;будет&lt;/code&gt;) matches the gender and number of X.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-05-05T15:25:53.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8683" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8689" CreationDate="2015-05-06T02:28:42.567" Score="5" ViewCount="587" Body="&lt;p&gt;I pride myself on not bringing stupid questions here, and I feel silly because I know what all the words in this question mean. I just can't make any sense of them. Is there a productive pattern here that I should know?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;В кого он такой пошёл?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then I saw this: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну и гнилой народ теперь пошёл!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it similar in meaning? The pattern looks the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-05-06T03:10:02.110" LastActivityDate="2020-06-09T12:59:51.430" Title="Meaning of: &quot;В кого он такой пошёл?&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8683" CreationDate="2015-05-06T03:01:49.960" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пойти в кого-то&lt;/code&gt; is an idiom that means inheriting some personal traits from ancestors. For me it's difficult to translate your phrase without a context, namely, what qualities are implied. I can imagine something like &lt;code&gt;Он очень умный. В кого он такой пошёл?&lt;/code&gt;. This is translated as &quot;He's very smart. Whom did he inherit this from?&quot;. However, it sounds quite formal, whereas &lt;code&gt;пойти в кого-то&lt;/code&gt; is informal in Russian. Probably, there's some similar idiom in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastActivityDate="2015-05-06T03:01:49.960" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8683" CreationDate="2015-05-06T09:05:31.047" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is so many meanings for Russian idioms with the word &lt;code&gt;выйти&lt;/code&gt;, for example&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;выйти замуж&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;выйти в деда/отца&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;выйти на пенсию&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;выйти во вред/ущерб&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;не выйти лицом&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;выйти по-твоему&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;that it is worth looking into a page where they were collected in block — &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frazeologiya.ru/fraza/vyiyti.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;frazeologiya.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that a questions may arise about words in past/future tense, participle, and so on, but in the dictionary frazeologiya.ru you should searhing for Infinitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An infinitive then can be used again, in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruscorpora.ru/en/search-main.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ruscorpora.ru&lt;/a&gt;, filling forms, word by word, in the each firsts text filds in the form. The example from OP&#xA;&lt;code&gt;В кого он такой пошёл?&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;should be set as shown below:   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Ka9PbHpbQAM/VUnT0-RSMwI/AAAAAAAAE2I/ohc-7w9qPlE/s1600/ru-SE-01.png&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Remembering that an order of words in Russian phrase may be changed, it is easily understood that we can try searching&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;кто&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;выйти&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For the word &lt;code&gt;кто&lt;/code&gt; we can add the property &lt;em&gt;accusative&lt;/em&gt; that tightens search criteria.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For the verb &lt;code&gt;выйти&lt;/code&gt; there is also a perfective aspect that point out at the start of the act: &lt;code&gt;пойти&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-05-06T09:56:17.987" LastActivityDate="2015-05-06T09:56:17.987" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8686" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-06T10:01:58.930" Score="0" ViewCount="275" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как лучше всего перевести собирательный термин &quot;public locale&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Three actual public locales on Nevsky Prospect are mentioned in Petersburg: the shop Tait Diamonds, confectionary Ballet, and Farce Theater.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В данном случае подразумеваются магазины и театр. Приходит в голову &quot;общественное место&quot; -- кроме этого можно как-то сказать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3887" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-05-09T09:43:21.847" LastActivityDate="2015-05-09T10:23:32.453" Title="&quot;public locale&quot; по-русски?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8686" CreationDate="2015-05-06T10:15:39.220" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ещё говорят &lt;code&gt;публичное место&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://baldatop.com/dictionary/dmitriev/%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;И есть в словарях&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-05-06T10:15:39.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8686" CreationDate="2015-05-06T11:04:06.430" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Очевидно, в голову приходит &lt;code&gt;общественное место, публичное место&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно самому оценить, и затем принять решение, какой оборот речи использовать. Для этого удобно использовать &lt;em&gt;Google Ngram Viewer&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%2C+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Вариант 1, единственное число&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%2C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Вариант 2, множественное число&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Попробуйте еще поставить/снять флажок &lt;em&gt;case-insensitive&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Имеет смысл использовать тот оборот, частотность которого в наше время выше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Уточнений от автора OP не последовало, возможен еще один вариант из какого-н. английского контекста:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;a public locale&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;публично посещаемое место&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-05-07T15:12:01.990" LastActivityDate="2015-05-07T15:12:01.990" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8683" CreationDate="2015-05-06T12:22:59.547" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to add to the other answers. The phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну и гнилой народ теперь пошёл!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is another idiom: &quot;  теперь пошел&quot; (is usually used to describe group of people or things) means changing its characteristics. Here it means: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;People have become bad (literally &quot;rotten&quot;, it could mean many negative characteristics).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This idiom means changing, not inheritance. Also, it's often used in the singular instead of the plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Студент теперь ленивый пошел&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which translates to &quot;students have become (so) lazy&quot; or even &quot;all students have become (so) lazy.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2020-06-09T12:59:51.430" LastActivityDate="2020-06-09T12:59:51.430" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="8690" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8696" CreationDate="2015-05-07T03:51:57.887" Score="2" ViewCount="8522" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я не смог найти ответ в интернете. И когда можно употреблять это слово?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6300" LastEditorUserId="6300" LastEditDate="2015-05-31T15:41:56.037" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T19:03:57.470" Title="Что значит &quot;пуся&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8691" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8698" CreationDate="2015-05-07T04:24:27.657" Score="4" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, recently I've found out that my friends do not know word &quot;тачизла&quot; which I used in some casual context. This is a word from my childhood, I've heard it on the streets of my youth pretty often. Then I've realized that, indeed, postfix &quot;-изла&quot; is pretty untypical to Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Than I've found this question on English SE: &lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/242490/what-is-the-meaning-of-joke-may-it-plizzle-the-cozizzle-in-futurama?newsletter=1&amp;amp;nlcode=31107%7C209c&quot;&gt;What is the meaning of joke “may it plizzle the cozizzle” in Futurama?&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's an excerpt from accepted answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Snoop Dogg popularized the slang (in black culture in the US) of&#xA;  adding the -izzle suffix (and sometimes infix) to various words. He&#xA;  does it in many songs, including Drop It Like It's Hot and Tha&#xA;  Shiznit. He also does it as a guest in other rappers' songs, such as&#xA;  the intro to Dr. Dre's The Chronic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the question is - what is the origin of word &quot;тачизла&quot;? Is &quot;-изла&quot; related somehow to English &quot;-izzle&quot; postfix?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:38:12.067" LastActivityDate="2015-05-07T13:25:31.593" Title="Has word &quot;тачизла&quot; anything to do hip-hop culture in general and to Snoop Dog in particular?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8693" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8690" CreationDate="2015-05-07T07:16:16.980" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think (and I met it online several times) that the word is a derogatory term for anyone taking part/supporting Pussy Riot. - at least that is the most recent meaning of the word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the word can also mean &quot;something/somebody nice and fluffy&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4777" LastActivityDate="2015-05-07T07:16:16.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8695" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8690" CreationDate="2015-05-07T08:09:14.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it is close to such English words as &quot;Bae&quot; (baby) and &quot;cutie&quot;. You can use it addressing your wife/girlfriend, your child or pet. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1075" LastActivityDate="2015-05-07T08:09:14.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8690" CreationDate="2015-05-07T08:38:54.713" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can be different things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A transliteration of English word &quot;pussy&quot;, when referring to Pussy Riot for instance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A contraction of &quot;лапуся&quot;, which in turn is a deminutive of &quot;лапа&quot;. It means an animal's leg but also used very often to call babies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It also can be a deminutive of an animal name Пушок.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the second meaning the most widespread.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-05-07T08:38:54.713" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8697" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8690" CreationDate="2015-05-07T09:26:34.320" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the possible meanings - a diminutive form of girl name like Полина, Пелагея:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пуся&lt;/strong&gt;: ПЕЛАГЕЯ, ПОЛИНА; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/info/petr/imsm/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Указатель производных (уменьшительных) имен&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This name is not modern, &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%EF%F3%F1%FF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian National Corpus&lt;/a&gt; has entry dated 1915:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Числа 16-го &lt;strong&gt;Пуся&lt;/strong&gt; с Сашей едут в Смоленск, по-видимому, до середины августа, затем Саша поступит в Павловское училище на четыре месяца, к Рождеству будет офицером. [Н. Н. Пунин. Письма А. Е. Аренс (1915)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, this can be a diminutive for pet name, that starts from letter П (like Пушок from @Anixx example), or has a syllable ПУ (лапа-лапуся-пуся).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, such short word can be reinvented (for instance, derived from &lt;em&gt;пупсик&lt;/em&gt;, etc.), rethinked as borrowed from English &quot;pussy&quot; and so on, and so forth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2015-05-07T09:26:34.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8698" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8691" CreationDate="2015-05-07T13:25:31.593" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning is the same as &lt;code&gt;тачила (car)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And suffix &lt;code&gt;-изла&lt;/code&gt; is totally related to Snoop Dogg&#xA;This suffux is not common for russians, honestly, i've never heard it from anybody in person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in tv series Scrubs(which is popular in Russia) this suffix was used lots of time to stress afroamerican slang. And in dubbing it was kept the same, for example &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Братизл, садись в мой тачизл, поезем в клубизл&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is the same as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Брат, садись в мою тачку, поедем в клуб&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5438" LastActivityDate="2015-05-07T13:25:31.593" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8690" CreationDate="2015-05-07T14:58:37.363" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне уже под 50, а слышал я это еще в детстве, а потому смею всех уверить, что никакой связи с &quot;Пусси Р.&quot; здесь нет. Попробуйте в любимом поисковике &lt;code&gt;муси-пуси&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;пуси-муси&lt;/code&gt;, поразглядывайте картинки, употребления, и пр., но с учетом того, что это очень &lt;a href=&quot;http://russian_argo.academic.ru/6860/%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8&quot;&gt;старый оборот речи&lt;/a&gt;, который сегодня, возможно, играет иными красками и созвучиями.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну а сокращенно это превращалось в звательное пуся. А кошек называли Муся ))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm near 50 years old native Russian speaker, so I can assure you that there is no link with &quot;P u s s y R.&quot; at any rate ))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I heard it in childhood as &lt;a href=&quot;http://russian_argo.academic.ru/6860/%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;пуси-муси, муси-пуси&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-05-07T15:04:51.737" LastActivityDate="2015-05-07T15:04:51.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8681" CreationDate="2015-05-07T16:58:17.090" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the options is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Х &lt;em&gt;(именительный падеж, кто? что?)&lt;/em&gt; идёт в ущерб Y &lt;em&gt;(дательный падеж, кому? чему?)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Излишний контроль &lt;em&gt;(что?)&lt;/em&gt; идёт в ущерб развитию &lt;em&gt;(чему?)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Excessive control comes at the expense of development.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, don't forgot to put the verb &lt;code&gt;идти&lt;/code&gt; and the noun &lt;code&gt;развитие&lt;/code&gt; in the correct form, according to the gender and number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="335" LastActivityDate="2015-05-07T16:58:17.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8686" CreationDate="2015-05-07T17:44:22.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Общественное место имеет какие-то не очень хорошие коннотации в русском, я бы старалась избежать его употребления в значении театры)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лучше публичное место&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хотя интуиция подсказывает мне, что можно лучше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5438" LastActivityDate="2015-05-07T17:44:22.453" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8702" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-07T18:07:34.420" Score="1" ViewCount="284" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8U3BX.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hello there!  Would someone be so kind as to translate the words on the tombstone?  It would really help in finding answers to my family tree.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5440" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-05-07T18:53:47.993" LastActivityDate="2015-05-09T12:30:13.500" Title="What does this tombstone say?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-05-09T16:20:16.767" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8702" CreationDate="2015-05-07T18:30:37.530" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Злотникова&lt;/code&gt; (Zlotnikova) is the family name, a feminine form of &lt;code&gt;Злотников&lt;/code&gt; (Zlotnikov). &lt;code&gt;Софья&lt;/code&gt; (Sofia) is the first name, which is a common Russian feminine name. &lt;code&gt;Львовна&lt;/code&gt; (Lvovna) is the patronym, meaning that her father's name was &lt;code&gt;Лев&lt;/code&gt; (Lev), or, before the 1917 orthographic reform, &lt;code&gt;Левъ&lt;/code&gt;. Then there are dates of birth and death.  As common in Russian, the month is written in Roman numerals, while the day is in Hindu-Arabic numerals, so 8.III means March 8.  In Russian, the day should precede the month.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The text is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Dear &#xA;Mommy!&#xA;You will&#xA;always live in&#xA;our hearts.&#xA;From the husband,&#xA;children,&#xA;nephews &#xA;and relatives.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorUserId="179" LastEditDate="2015-05-09T12:30:13.500" LastActivityDate="2015-05-09T12:30:13.500" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8666" CreationDate="2015-05-07T21:58:20.340" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's can be short form of russian girl name &quot;Наталья&quot;, short form is &quot;Ната&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Or &quot;take it&quot;, how answer Shady_arc&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="249" LastActivityDate="2015-05-07T21:58:20.340" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7397" CreationDate="2015-05-08T07:52:58.913" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're not a touch-typist on your native keyboard, that is the first thing to do, before attempting to type on a different keyboard layout. It's not so hard to become a touch typist and it'll benefit you all your life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you've become a touch-typist (i.e. you can type quickly, correctly, and without looking at the keyboard), you start training on the secondary keyboard layout. For Russian, just use the standard layout. It can be done, your fingers will remember the location of each letter even though your eyes might not know where that letter is hiding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Optionally, use a keyboard layout editor (such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/goglobal/bb964665.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MSKLC.exe&lt;/code&gt;, Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator, for Windows&lt;/a&gt;) to adapt the keyboard to your needs and habits. I wouldn't use it to shift letters around (standard Russsian layout works fine for those), but I did use it to remap quotes and slashes and plus and minus and so on. Entirely up to your preferences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then (if on Windows, see image), add a keyboard shortcut (like Ctrl-4 for native, Ctrl-7 for Russian) to switch between keyboard layouts. Works perfectly. You can access these settings by, for example, right-clicking on the keyboard layout icon in the taskbar and then picking &quot;Settings&quot; (or whatever it is called in your language).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mtzKh.png&quot; alt=&quot;switching between keyboard layouts using &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;Ctrl&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; key combinations in Windows&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4366" LastActivityDate="2015-05-08T07:52:58.913" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-05-22T12:45:10.073" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8666" CreationDate="2015-05-08T19:30:25.650" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can translate it as &quot;Here you are&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5442" LastActivityDate="2015-05-08T19:30:25.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8708" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8709" CreationDate="2015-05-09T00:47:28.977" Score="4" ViewCount="1012" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я долго думал, но так и не смог придумать, как перевести &quot;I had fun/I'm having fun/It's fun&quot;. &#xA;Есть ли подобные выражения в русском языке?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6300" LastEditorUserId="4097" LastEditDate="2015-05-11T21:24:33.520" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T01:55:12.230" Title="Как сказать &quot;I had fun/I'm having fun/It's fun&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8708" CreationDate="2015-05-09T02:31:25.907" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;1  = I had fun.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;2! = Have fun!&lt;/code&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Polite &amp; ceremonious&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;1    Я имел удовольствие (... doing what one has). / Я хорошо провел время. &#xA;2!   Желаю вам весело/хорошо провести время! / Желаю вам приятно отдохнуть!&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usage example with a context:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;out=normal&amp;amp;dpp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;seed=4129&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=&amp;amp;gramm1=%28SPRO%7CAPRO%7CPRAEDICPRO%7CADVPRO%29&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=5&amp;amp;lex2=%E8%EC%E5%F2%FC&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=1&amp;amp;lex3=%F3%E4%EE%E2%EE%EB%FC%F1%F2%E2%E8%E5&amp;amp;gramm3=&amp;amp;sem3=&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem2&amp;amp;flags3=&amp;amp;m3=&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;я/ты/они/мы/те ... имел(и/а) удовольствие ...&quot;&gt;я/ты/они/мы/те ... имел(и/а) удовольствие ...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;min5=1&amp;amp;max5=4&amp;amp;lex1=&amp;amp;gramm1=%28SPRO%7CAPRO%7CPRAEDICPRO%7CADVPRO%29&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=5&amp;amp;lex2=%F5%EE%F0%EE%F8%EE&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod5=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod5=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m5=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=4&amp;amp;lex3=%EF%F0%EE%E2%E5%F1%F2%E8&amp;amp;gramm3=&amp;amp;sem3=&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem2&amp;amp;flags3=&amp;amp;m3=&amp;amp;parent4=0&amp;amp;level4=0&amp;amp;min4=1&amp;amp;max4=4&amp;amp;lex4=%E2%F0%E5%EC%FF&amp;amp;gramm4=&amp;amp;sem4=&amp;amp;sem-mod4=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod4=sem2&amp;amp;flags4=&amp;amp;m4=&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;я/ты/они/мы/те ... хорошо провел(а/и) ... время&quot;&gt;я/ты/они/мы/те ... хорошо провел(а/и) ... время&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Polite, modestly  &amp; ever-so-slight informal&lt;/h3&gt; &#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;    &#xA;1    Было очень даже ничего. / Доставило удовольствие. / Приятно отдохнул. &#xA;2!   Приятно провести время! / Приятно отдохнуть! / Веселого дня&#xA;                                                             /вечера&#xA;                                                             /дискотеки&#xA;                                                             /вечеринки&#xA;                                                             /праздника/...!&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usage example with a context:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;out=normal&amp;amp;dpp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;seed=28058&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=&amp;amp;gramm1=%28SPRO%7CAPRO%7CPRAEDICPRO%7CADVPRO%29&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=3&amp;amp;lex2=%EE%F7%E5%ED%FC&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=1&amp;amp;lex3=%E4%E0%E6%E5&amp;amp;gramm3=&amp;amp;sem3=&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem2&amp;amp;flags3=&amp;amp;m3=&amp;amp;parent4=0&amp;amp;level4=0&amp;amp;min4=1&amp;amp;max4=1&amp;amp;lex4=&amp;amp;gramm4=%28ADV%7CADVPRO%29&amp;amp;sem4=&amp;amp;sem-mod4=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod4=sem2&amp;amp;flags4=&amp;amp;m4=&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;было очень даже неплохо/хорошо/приятно ...&quot;&gt;нам/вам/тем было ... я/ты/они/мы/те/ваши ... очень даже неплохо/хорошо/приятно ... &lt;/a&gt;&#xA;(some filtration of results is required)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=gr_created&amp;amp;out=normal&amp;amp;dpp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;seed=12887&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=&amp;amp;gramm1=%28SPRO%7CAPRO%7CPRAEDICPRO%7CADVPRO%29&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=3&amp;amp;lex2=%E4%EE%F1%F2%E0%E2%EB%FF%F2%FC&amp;amp;gramm2=praet&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=3&amp;amp;lex3=%F3%E4%EE%E2%EE%EB%FC%F1%F2%E2%E8%E5&amp;amp;gramm3=&amp;amp;sem3=&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem2&amp;amp;flags3=&amp;amp;m3=&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;мне/нам/вам/тем ... доставляло ... удовольствие ..&quot;&gt;мне/нам/вам/тем ... доставляло ... удовольствие ... &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=random&amp;amp;out=normal&amp;amp;dpp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;seed=6858&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=&amp;amp;gramm1=%28SPRO%7CAPRO%7CPRAEDICPRO%7CADVPRO%29&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=6&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=%28ADV%7CPRAEDIC%7CADVPRO%29+%26+ADV&amp;amp;sem2=ev%3Aposit&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=6&amp;amp;lex3=%EE%F2%E4%EE%F5%ED%F3%F2%FC&amp;amp;gramm3=praet&amp;amp;sem3=&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem2&amp;amp;flags3=&amp;amp;m3=&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;мы/я/они/те/ваши ... приятно/хорошо/отлично/удивительно/ ... отдохнули ... &quot;&gt;мы/я/они/те/ваши ... приятно/хорошо/отлично/удивительно/ ... отдохнули ... &lt;/a&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Informal &amp; slight familiarly &amp; the party is going wild&lt;/h3&gt; &#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;    &#xA;1    Классно было. / Отличненько было. / Давно я не получал такого удовольствия.&#xA;2!   Желаю развлечься по-полной! / Давай, удачи, поразвлекайся! &#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;When you don't really care &amp; emotions started to go off-scale&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;1    Обалденно было. / Оторвался на славу. / Повеселились как надо. / Это было одуренно.&#xA;2!   The text on a button: Приколись!&#xA;     Отожги там по-полной!&#xA;     Давай, оторвись там!&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-05-11T21:15:51.377" LastActivityDate="2015-05-11T21:15:51.377" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8681" CreationDate="2015-05-09T10:19:44.003" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, they are. In addition, I'd say there might be some limitations for what is used as the subject in the place before the &quot;не должно идти в ущерб&quot; expression. Typically, the subject tends to mean some continuing action (like doing something) or occupation (like a hobby) rather than some static object or thing. For example, &quot;не должно идти в ущерб&quot; can be used in a situation like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your hobby shouldn't get in the way of your working on PhD.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Твоё хобби не должно идти в ущерб работе над диссертацией.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Synonyms for &quot;идти в ущерб&quot;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;вредить, &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;идти во вред, &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;мешать &#xA;(чему либо).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-05-09T10:52:43.303" LastActivityDate="2015-05-09T10:52:43.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8686" CreationDate="2015-05-09T10:23:32.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think &lt;em&gt;заведение&lt;/em&gt; is the word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В &quot;Петербурге&quot; упомянуты три заведения, в действительности существовавшие на Невском: магазин &quot;Бриллианты Тэта&quot;, кондитерская Балле и театр &quot;Фарс&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-05-09T10:23:32.453" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8712" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-10T07:02:49.570" Score="1" ViewCount="1718" Body="&lt;p&gt;I started typing in Cyrillic a week ago, using Google Translate's keyboard option (so I've got a different question from &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/7397/5423&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;). However, I've been downgraded from a touch-typist in English and Japanese to a hunt and peck typist for Cyrillic. When using Google Translate's keyboard, I'm especially confused by the fact that the keyboard contains more columns of letters than an English alphabet keyboard has.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I learn to touch-type in Cyrillic? Solutions which are flexible in which language's Cyrillic is being taught would be useful, because I've discovered different languages &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JCUKEN&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;have different layouts&lt;/a&gt; - Russian Cyrillic has &quot;йцукен&quot; for qwerty, while Mongolian Cyrillic has &quot;фцужэн&quot; for qwerty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5423" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-01-17T19:52:39.530" Title="Learning to touch-type in Cyrillic" Tags="&lt;resources&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-05-29T18:29:45.730" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8714" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8718" CreationDate="2015-05-10T11:49:16.997" Score="1" ViewCount="1482" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have some Russian acquaintances who use мат. They sort of explained me that information, that I can find in the dictionaries; Namely, that it's obscene language. I wonder if мат rather means playing with double sense words using tons of ingenious paranomasia. Like adding hidden meanings to non-vulgar terms (similar but strictly different from the French &lt;em&gt;contrepetrie&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could somebody explain if &lt;em&gt;мат&lt;/em&gt; conveys a deep meaning I couldn't find in a dictionary?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2015-05-10T11:58:18.020" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T09:49:53.123" Title="What does мат mean?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8714" CreationDate="2015-05-10T12:49:27.280" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, there's no deeper meaning behind it, мат only means using special rude words which typically mean private parts, sexual activity, etc. Some people never use мат, others sometimes use it unintentionally (like having suddenly fallen down); generally, whether someone users it or not depends on their personal culture of speech, education, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-05-10T12:49:27.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8400" CreationDate="2015-05-10T14:20:57.670" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Спорный вопрос. В таких случаях, когда нет прямых оснований предпочесть один вариант другому, норма написания заимствованных слов обычно определяется по факту, а традиция пока не сложилась. Мне нравится вариант &quot;китч&quot; чисто зрительно, он передаёт ощущение заимствования, чего-то иностранного. Но это, конечно, субъективно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну, подождем - увидим.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5448" LastActivityDate="2015-05-10T14:20:57.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8400" CreationDate="2015-05-11T00:02:39.973" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;С одной стороны, &lt;code&gt;китч&lt;/code&gt;, по аналогии со словами &lt;code&gt;матч&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;скотч&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;патч&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;С другой стороны, все перечисленные слова заимствованны из английского, &lt;code&gt;китч&lt;/code&gt; же - из немецкого.  В немецком языке tsch - отдельный тетраграф: &lt;code&gt;Kitsch&lt;/code&gt; без t (&lt;code&gt;Kisch&lt;/code&gt;) читалось бы как &quot;киш&quot;.  В английском не так: и tch, и ch читаются как &quot;ч&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;С третьей стороны, англичане, тоже заимствовавшие &lt;code&gt;Kitsch&lt;/code&gt;, не стали менять его написание (за исключением того, что пишут его со строчной буквы).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;По частотности в Корпусе примерное равенство, если смотреть по количеству документов.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Резюме: пока не найдены другие слова, заимствованные из немецкого с тетраграфом tsch, нет и решающих доводов в ту или иную пользу. &lt;strong&gt;Лично мне&lt;/strong&gt; больше нравится вариант с &lt;code&gt;т&lt;/code&gt;.  Скорее всего, оба варианта правильные.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2015-05-11T00:45:06.203" LastActivityDate="2015-05-11T00:45:06.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8718" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8714" CreationDate="2015-05-11T00:26:27.457" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term &lt;code&gt;мат&lt;/code&gt; originates with the verb &lt;code&gt;материться&lt;/code&gt;, originally &quot;to insult smb.'s mother&quot;, but the meaning has been generalised and somewhat shifted to denote using any of the taboo-grade, sexual obscenities (for the purposes of clarity, these are: &lt;code&gt;хуй&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;пизда&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ебать&lt;/code&gt;, and the relatively recently &quot;promoted&quot;, formerly not-that-obscene &lt;code&gt;блядь&lt;/code&gt;, whereas &lt;code&gt;муде&lt;/code&gt; is considered &quot;just barely not &lt;em&gt;мат&lt;/em&gt;&quot;) or any of their morphological derivatives. There's no deeper meaning, it points specifically to the use of those words, or rather those roots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In older texts, you may come across the idiom &lt;code&gt;орать благим матом&lt;/code&gt;; this translates as something like &quot;to scream blue murder&quot; and &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt;, as one might be tempted to assume, the quaintly oxymoronic &quot;to yell virtuous obscenities&quot;. The origin of its idiom and its relation, if any, to &lt;em&gt;мат&lt;/em&gt; in the abovementioned sense are obscure; for practical purposes it's best to think of them as unrelated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-05-11T00:39:52.047" LastActivityDate="2015-05-11T00:39:52.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8712" CreationDate="2015-05-11T07:10:45.463" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to suggest you to learn to touch type Cyrillic in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.typingstudy.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.typingstudy.com&lt;/a&gt; &#xA;First you have to put a Cyrillic keyboard layout in settings and then use &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.typingstudy.com/en-russian-3/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.typingstudy.com/en-russian-3/&lt;/a&gt; this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5453" LastActivityDate="2015-05-11T07:10:45.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8712" CreationDate="2015-05-11T16:54:59.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would recommend trying a &quot;phonetic&quot; Russian keyboard layout. If you google &quot;russian phonetic keyboard&quot;, you will find a number of links explaining how to set it up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you get as a result is a layout that tries to map a standard QWERTY layout phonetically to Cyrillic. So A maps to А, B maps to Б, L maps to Л, N maps to Н, etc. Of course, since there are more letters in the Russian alphabet, some of the mappings are arbitrary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can touch-type in English using the QWERTY keyboard, but I never learned the standard Russian йцукен layout. However, using the Russian phonetic layout I was able to touch-type in Russian almost immediately. I am also a native Russian speaker, so that may have a been a factor here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2015-05-11T16:54:59.817" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8721" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-11T20:33:45.460" Score="4" ViewCount="200" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which one is correct, or are they both? Is there a difference in meaning between them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5455" LastActivityDate="2015-05-11T21:42:55.857" Title="&quot;он или она сделает&quot; vs &quot;он или она сделают&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8721" CreationDate="2015-05-11T21:02:19.367" Score="4" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;или&quot; means &quot;or&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;сделает&quot; is a singular form of verb &quot;сделать&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;сделают&quot; is a plural verb of verb &quot;сделать&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He or she will make &amp;lt;...&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means that a single person out of two will make it, therefore, it needs a singular verb:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он или она сделает &amp;lt;...&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2148" LastActivityDate="2015-05-11T21:02:19.367" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8708" CreationDate="2015-05-11T21:08:16.387" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Contextlу possible:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Хороших (приятных) впечатлений (if smbd makes a trip)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;удачи (=good luck!)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;всего хорошего (наилучшего)! (=be well!)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;etc  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5448" LastActivityDate="2015-05-11T21:08:16.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8721" CreationDate="2015-05-11T21:42:55.857" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Much depends on context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Typically, in cases without an emphasis on 'who of them' (he, she or both) &quot;сделают&quot; is suitable.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они это сделают - он или она. (They will do it - either he or she. )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он или она сделают это. (Be it he or she - they will do it. )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If definied 'just one of them will do it', then more likely &quot;сделает&quot; is the choice:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не так важно, он или она это сделает. (It's not so important, who of them will do it)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто-то из них - он или она - сделает это. (similar meaning: one of them, either he or she)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-05-11T21:42:55.857" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8725" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8727" CreationDate="2015-05-12T03:11:56.390" Score="6" ViewCount="1166" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen both used for both people and things.  So are they interchangeable?  What's the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4966" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T08:03:05.177" Title="Имя vs название" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8725" CreationDate="2015-05-12T03:50:50.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, &lt;code&gt;имя&lt;/code&gt; is used for people, and &lt;code&gt;название&lt;/code&gt; is for inanimate things. However, &lt;code&gt;имя&lt;/code&gt; can also be used for pet nicknames (&lt;code&gt;собака по имени Шарик&lt;/code&gt;), names of ships and aircrafts (e.g. &lt;code&gt;крейсер с именем Аврора&lt;/code&gt;), geographical locations such as cities, mountains, rivers and so on, (in programming) variable names (&lt;code&gt;имена переменных&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastActivityDate="2015-05-12T03:50:50.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8725" CreationDate="2015-05-12T06:37:04.637" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;In contemporary language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;имя&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;first name of a person (Василий, Вася; second name = фамилия)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;file name (computer engineering), names of variables in mathematics, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;things in some idiomatic expressions (называть вещи своими &lt;em&gt;именами&lt;/em&gt; = to call a spade a spade)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;used for naming something in someone's honour: Kirov (now Mariinsky) Theatre = Театр &lt;em&gt;имени&lt;/em&gt; Кирова, and despite using the word &quot;имя&quot; that is &quot;название театра&quot;;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;grammar terms (&lt;em&gt;имя&lt;/em&gt; существительное = noun)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most other cases words &lt;strong&gt;наименование&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;название&lt;/strong&gt; are used. Животные - &lt;em&gt;наименование&lt;/em&gt; биологического вида. Тигр и лев - &lt;em&gt;названия&lt;/em&gt; диких кошачьих. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it is sometimes possible to use имя for ships or pets, that would be rather informal usage. Much more typical is &lt;em&gt;название&lt;/em&gt; корабля and &lt;em&gt;кличка&lt;/em&gt; собаки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-05-12T06:37:04.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8728" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-12T10:53:03.073" Score="2" ViewCount="318" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;И еще один вопрос интересующий больше русских верующих —  правда ли, что  в День Света на плите Гроба  лежит вата? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Нет. В  день Света на плите Святого Гроба  нет ваты. Там стоят лампады.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://armenianchurch.do.am/publ/paskhalnoe_palomnichestvo_v_ierusalim/2-1-0-44&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://armenianchurch.do.am/publ/paskhalnoe_palomnichestvo_v_ierusalim/2-1-0-44&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google translates this as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another issue of interest to many Russian believers - is it true that on the Day of Light at the plate Holy Sepulchre is wool?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No. On the day of the World at the plate Holy Sepulchre is not wool. There are lamps.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more accurate translation would be appreciated, but I am especially bewildered by the translation of &quot;вата&quot; or &quot;ваты&quot; as &quot;wool&quot;, which makes no sense, when something quite different (perhaps &quot;miraculous&quot;?) would be expected. Every online dictionary I can find fails to provide any meaning of &quot;вата&quot; or &quot;ваты&quot; as anything but &quot;wool&quot; or the like. Is this some sort of idiom?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5457" LastActivityDate="2015-05-12T11:23:00.047" Title="&quot;вата&quot; meaning something other than &quot;wool&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8728" CreationDate="2015-05-12T11:08:39.273" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not a religious person, but from the source it seems there were debates on how the candles on the slab are lit. People ask if they are lit from cotton wool. A quick google search shows that there might be implications that the cotton wool (if placed on the slab) can be lit by some miraculous act:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;После солнца - тотчас облако, потом роса и вследствие росы - Огонь. Роса падает на вату, которая лежит на Гробе Господнем, - и мокрая вата вдруг загорается голубым Огнём&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the father answers that there is no wool on the slab, just oil lamps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, the question is about cotton wool:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And another question that interests mainly Russian believers: is it true that on the Day of Light [not sure how it is called in English, it is the Saturday of the Holy Week] there is cotton wool on the slab of the Holy Sepulcher?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, there is no wool on the slab of the Holy Sepulcher on the Day of Light. There are only oil lamps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-05-12T11:23:00.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8725" CreationDate="2015-05-13T14:35:51.887" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Название = designation. If you cannot call a thing &quot;designation&quot;, then use имя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-05-13T14:35:51.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8731" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8732" CreationDate="2015-05-15T06:58:20.707" Score="1" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need a comma after the word &lt;strong&gt;Другая&lt;/strong&gt; here?:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...эта история и по сей день тревожит их умы. &#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Другая&lt;/strong&gt;, тоже весьма&#xA;  популярная история в наших кругах – о том, как в деревню приходили&#xA;  медведи – также не даёт им покоя...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2015-05-15T09:48:02.433" Title="Comma before &quot;тоже&quot; between two modifiers modifying the same noun" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8731" CreationDate="2015-05-15T09:48:02.433" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From Lopatin's &lt;em&gt;Полный академический справочник&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;§ 84. Присоединительные члены предложения имеют характер сведений добавочных, сообщаемых попутно, в дополнение к содержанию основного высказывания. Такие члены предложения выделяются запятыми и обычно вводятся словами и сочетаниями слов (частицами, союзами или их сочетанием) &lt;em&gt;даже, в особенности, особенно, главным &#xA;  образом, в том числе, в частности, например, и притом, и потому, да и, да и только, да и вообще, и, тоже, и тоже, причем&lt;/em&gt; и др.: …&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Большое, тоже квадратное, окно выходило в садик (Зал.);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You need to isolate the whole clause with commas:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Другая, тоже весьма популярная, история в наших кругах…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I should mention that the way this sentence is built makes the modifier dangling: &lt;em&gt;в наших кругах&lt;/em&gt; comments &lt;em&gt;история&lt;/em&gt; rather than &lt;em&gt;популярная&lt;/em&gt; which it apparently should.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-05-15T09:48:02.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8725" CreationDate="2015-05-15T13:45:36.537" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Definitions&lt;/strong&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;       act of mentioning by word is &lt;b&gt;Называть,&lt;/b&gt;               &#xA;              and give us in result&#xA;                      |&#xA;                   (nouns)&#xA;                  &lt;b&gt;Названия&lt;/b&gt; &#xA;                    /  \&#xA;                   /    \&#xA;                  /      \&#xA;    &lt;b&gt;имена собственные   &lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;имена нарицательные&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;      (proper name)       (common name)&#xA;               /            \&#xA;              /              \&#xA;      ┌───────────┐       ┌───────────┐     &#xA;         read.me             file      &#xA;         system              folder    &#xA;         Владимир            human     *&#xA;         Tokio               city      &#xA;         Рекс                dog       *   &#xA;         Победа              chip      &#xA;&#xA; * see special usage below&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Атомные подводные лодки называются именами городов. &#xA;                                                      [«Известия»,2002.03.21]    &#xA;Стали вырастать один за другим поселки, и их справедливо называли &#xA;именами первооткрывателей.&#xA;                            [В. Писигин. Письма с Чукотки // «Октябрь», 2001]&#xA;Карданус предлагал, «чтобы не было стыдно», славное имя «Ермака»&#xA;отменить и кораблю присвоить название «Ледокол Э 2».&#xA;                              [Б. Г. Островский. Адмирал Макаров (1949-1955)]&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Usage:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;   &lt;b&gt;human, pet&lt;/b&gt;                                            &#xA;   ──┬───────&#xA;     │                   ┌ физрук         - Андрей Андреевич              &#xA;     │       ┌  учитель ─┤ химичка        - Алла Андреевна              &#xA;     │       │           └ трудовик       - Борис Борисович&#xA;     └ human ┤                            &#xA;             │           ┌ первоклассник  - Геннадий&#xA;             └  ученик  ─┤ второклассник  - Владимир&#xA;                         └ выпускник      - Евгений&#xA;&#xA;      └─────┘ └───────┘   └─────────────┘  └─────────────────┘                   &#xA;      └─────────────────────────────────┘          имена          &#xA;                названия        &#xA;&#xA;   &lt;b&gt;A thing or place (in time or space).&lt;/b&gt; &#xA;   ─┬───────                         &#xA;    │                ┌ сухогруз        -  Севастополь               &#xA;    │ ┌   корабль    ┤ ледокол         -  Ленин&#xA;    │ │              └ фрегат          -  Победа &#xA;    │ │                               &#xA;    └─┤              ┌ село            -  Дубравино&#xA;      │              │ районный центр  -  Купавино&#xA;      │  Населенный  ┤ станица         -  Луганская&#xA;      └    пункт     │ город           -  Владимир&#xA;                     └ столица         -  Токио&#xA;&#xA;          └─────┘      └───────┘         └────────────┘                 &#xA;                названия                     имена   &#xA;          └───────────────────────────────────────────┘&#xA;                            названия&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы не говорим:   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; Название учителя Андрей Борисович&#xA; Название ребенка Кирилл&#xA; Название собаки Рекс&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы говорим:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Название города Томск | имя старинного русского города Тверь&#xA;Название яхты Победа  | имя корабля ― «Восток»&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Examples with a context&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (1) &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;out=normal&amp;amp;dpp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;seed=7028&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%ED%E0%E7%E2%E0%ED%E8%E5&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=5&amp;amp;lex2=%EA%EE%F0%E0%E1%EB%FC&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=3&amp;amp;lex3=&amp;amp;gramm3=S&amp;amp;sem3=r%3Aconcr+%7C+%28t%3Ahum+%7C+t%3Ahum%3Aetn+%7C+t%3Ahum%3Akin+%7C+t%3Ahum%3Asupernat%29&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem2&amp;amp;flags3=&amp;amp;m3=&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;название, корабли&lt;/a&gt; (2) &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%ED%E0%E7%E2%E0%ED%E8%E5&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=5&amp;amp;lex2=%E3%EE%F0%EE%E4&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=3&amp;amp;lex3=&amp;amp;gramm3=S&amp;amp;sem3=r%3Aconcr%20%7C%20%28t%3Ahum%20%7C%20t%3Ahum%3Aetn%20%7C%20t%3Ahum%3Akin%20%7C%20t%3Ahum%3Asupernat%29&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem2&amp;amp;flags3=&amp;amp;m3=&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;название, нас. пункты&lt;/a&gt; | (3) &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=random&amp;amp;out=normal&amp;amp;dpp=50&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;seed=1254&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E8%EC%FF&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=3&amp;amp;lex2=%E3%EE%F0%EE%E4&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=1&amp;amp;lex3=&amp;amp;gramm3=S&amp;amp;sem3=r%3Apropn+%26+t%3Atopon&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem2&amp;amp;flags3=&amp;amp;m3=&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;имена, нас. пункты&lt;/a&gt;, (4) &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E8%EC%FF&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=3&amp;amp;lex2=%EA%EE%F0%E0%E1%EB%FC&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=1&amp;amp;lex3=&amp;amp;gramm3=S&amp;amp;sem3=r%3Aconcr%20%7C%20%28t%3Ahum%20%7C%20t%3Ahum%3Aetn%20%7C%20t%3Ahum%3Akin%20%7C%20t%3Ahum%3Asupernat%29&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem2&amp;amp;flags3=&amp;amp;m3=&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;имена, корабли&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Название придумывают или составляют, и затем дают как для целого класса предметов или явлений, так и для отдельных предметов. Когда мы произносим нарицательные имена вещей, мы фактически утверждаем, что этот предмет относится к данному классу.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Каждый элемент данного, названного класса, в свою очередь, может быть или поименован, или пронумерован уже существующими именами. Таким образом получают имена индивидуальные элементы Андрей, Борис, Владимир, ... и Первый, Второй, Третий ... .   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-05-15T14:36:25.717" LastActivityDate="2015-05-15T14:36:25.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8734" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8735" CreationDate="2015-05-15T15:17:40.497" Score="4" ViewCount="818" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between помнить and запомнить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both are translated as &quot;remember&quot; in Google Translate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[I know there's another question already on the difference between помнить and вспомнить. I understand those now.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5468" LastActivityDate="2015-05-15T18:20:03.210" Title="Difference between помнить and запомнить?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8734" CreationDate="2015-05-15T15:27:16.333" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;They differ in &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect_in_Slavic_languages&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;aspect&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;em&gt;помнить&lt;/em&gt; is imperfective (state), &lt;em&gt;запомнить&lt;/em&gt; is perfective (state transition).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Запомнить&lt;/em&gt; is better translated as &amp;quot;memorize&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я помнил / я запомнил&lt;/em&gt; roughly corresponds to English &amp;quot;I remembered (all along) / I've memorized (changed my state from non-remembering to remembering)&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As with other perfective / imperfective pairs, same ending puts the imperfective verb in present and the perfective one in future:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я помню&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;I remember&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я запомню&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;I'll memorize&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's worth noting that those pairs are not necessarily the only ones possible. &lt;em&gt;Запоминать&lt;/em&gt; is also an imperfective verb which could be paired with &lt;em&gt;запомнить&lt;/em&gt;, it (again, roughly) corresponds to English continuous forms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я запоминал&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;I was memorizing&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я запоминаю&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;I am memorizing&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-05-15T15:39:27.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8736" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-15T15:41:07.470" Score="4" ViewCount="596" Body="&lt;p&gt;When filling up the work history on a passport application, it says that &quot;F&quot; is &quot;недопустимый символ&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can FreeBSD be translated into Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've tried Russian Wikipedia, but somehow it thinks that Latin is acceptable in Russian, and no Cyrillic translation is required.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1665" LastActivityDate="2015-06-04T00:13:03.227" Title="How do you translate FreeBSD into Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8736" CreationDate="2015-05-15T15:43:17.643" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Perhaps Фри-Би-Эс-Ди?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, stuff like New York is written as Нью-Йорк, and writing ФриБиЭсДи is weird, since if it'll be converted to all-capital or all-lowercase then it'll be quite difficult to read.  So, Фри-Би-Эс-Ди seems like about the only possible option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1665" LastActivityDate="2015-05-15T15:43:17.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8734" CreationDate="2015-05-15T18:20:03.210" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;за-&lt;/strong&gt; used to make imperfective verbs perfective:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt; помнить&#xA;     An act of remembering. I can handle the act, with no wait of results.&#xA;&#xA; &lt;b&gt;за&lt;/b&gt;помнить&#xA;     I can handle the act that has/had been (shall be) finally completed (accomplished).&#xA;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;           &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most Russian verbs occur in pairs, one of the pair being an imperfective verb and the other a perfective verb. For perfective verbs a prepositional prefix  &lt;strong&gt;про-, по-, раз-, за-, ...&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;etc.&lt;/em&gt; is added. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As opposite to the OP, there is a perfective verb formed with the same prepositional prefix &lt;strong&gt;за-,&lt;/strong&gt; wich means the start of some action:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  говорить         заговорить     &#xA;  to talk       to start talking&#xA;&#xA;  играть           заиграть       &#xA;  to play        to begin to play&#xA;&#xA;   петь            запеть         &#xA;  to sing       to start singing&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-05-15T18:20:03.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8736" CreationDate="2015-05-15T18:47:57.067" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before universal acceptance of Latin characters into Russian texts during the last 30 years, English abbreviations were usually rendered using phonetic transcriptions of English letter names, separated by hyphens:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Би-Би-Си&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;BBC&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Си-Эн-Эн&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;CNN&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ай-Би-Эм&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;IBM&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Camelcase English words (like &amp;quot;UnitedHealth&amp;quot;) were usually separated in Russian (&amp;quot;Юнайтед Хелс&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if you should transliterate FreeBSD into Russian, I think &lt;em&gt;Фри Би-Эс-Ди&lt;/em&gt; would do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-05-15T18:47:57.067" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8740" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-16T03:43:01.573" Score="4" ViewCount="911" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was curious whether common brands like Apple or Google are considered to be part of the Russian language or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one is said to complete something in Russian, is Google, Apple и FreeBSD a fair game, or is it Гугл, Эппл и &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/8736/how-do-you-translate-freebsd-into-russian&quot;&gt;Фри-Би-Эс-Ди&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1665" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-05-17T14:11:28.010" Title="Are words like &quot;Apple&quot; / &quot;Google&quot; -- Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8741" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8740" CreationDate="2015-05-16T06:16:20.860" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sure they're, but could depends. Russia has a vaste territory, in the larger cities closely everyone (except older people), know what are Apple and Google, and both are translated &quot;directly&quot;.&#xA;If you want to say Apple as a fruit, you say : Яблоко . Apple as a brand is like you said Эппл, but that word doesn't exists in russian vocabolary. As well, гугл is just used to refer a brand. (they both are translated like it sounds).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google -&gt; Gugl&#xA;Apple -&gt; Eppl &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user5469" LastActivityDate="2015-05-16T06:16:20.860" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8740" CreationDate="2015-05-16T07:19:47.583" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The words &lt;em&gt;гуглить&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;эппловский&lt;/em&gt; are used widely in Russian nowadays, so I'd say yes, they are Russian alright.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should they be transliterated or not is completely unrelated question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Latin alphabet is well understood in Russia nowadays, so some authors, especially in IT-related press, don't bother with transliteration. They still, however, use Cyrillic for derived words like those above. Other authors always transliterate the brand names. And of course when transliteration is legally required, like in &lt;em&gt;ООО «Гугл»&lt;/em&gt; or in your question above, well, one has to transliterate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-05-16T07:19:47.583" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8743" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8740" CreationDate="2015-05-16T07:34:46.583" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two proper ways of using company (or software) names in a Russian text:&#xA;in Latin (without quotes) or in Cyrillic (with quotes) characters. The first way is preferred for widely recognized names like Apple, Windows, Google etc. while the second one might be better for introducing a new brand, particularly for the reason its pronunciation might be not obvious to most Russian speakers. For example, FreeBSD in &lt;em&gt;proper&lt;/em&gt; transcription becomes &quot;Фри Би-Эс-Ди&quot; (in quotes). It originally comprises two parts: a word (which &lt;strong&gt;must&lt;/strong&gt; be separated in Russian version - we never use capital letters inside a word) and an acronym, which is typically transcribed as above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-05-16T07:34:46.583" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8744" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8745" CreationDate="2015-05-16T13:06:01.647" Score="2" ViewCount="5130" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как называется одна отдельно взятая плоская штуковина, фишка, в домино? Т.е. как правильно назвать одну доминошку? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastActivityDate="2019-09-12T08:36:10.043" Title="Как называется &quot;фигура&quot; в домино?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8744" CreationDate="2015-05-16T13:16:00.340" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Она называется &quot;костяшка&quot; (см. второе значение на сайте &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?lop=x&amp;amp;bts=x&amp;amp;zar=x&amp;amp;ag=x&amp;amp;ab=x&amp;amp;sin=x&amp;amp;lv=x&amp;amp;az=x&amp;amp;pe=x&amp;amp;word=%EA%EE%F1%F2%FF%F8%EA%E0&quot;&gt;gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastActivityDate="2015-05-16T13:16:00.340" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8740" CreationDate="2015-05-16T13:43:30.823" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you ask about modern company names, they would mostly be well known in their original spelling (except perhaps for the Asian ones for which we all know their Latin names). And indeed, as Quassnoi already commented, the Russians tend to &quot;absorb&quot; the words and &quot;Russianalize&quot; them by assigning gender and deriving verbs and adjectives from them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Эппл выпустил...&#xA;Погугли это сам&#xA;Гугловский телефон&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It gets more complex with acronyms, that are rarely transliterated: LG, IBM, BBC. &lt;strong&gt;However&lt;/strong&gt;, it used to be very different in the Soviet time, when the vast majority of people had very limited knowledge of foreign languages and even foreign letters. For all companies well known in Russian for decades, the Russian name was in use. Compare the distributions of &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=bbc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BBC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; and its Russian form &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%E1%E8-%E1%E8-%F1%E8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Би-Би-Си&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; found in the corpora:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=bbc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;bbc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/09CsO.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%E1%E8-%E1%E8-%F1%E8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;би-би-си&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Mb7RK.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's pretty self-explanatory. Similar results—predominantly Cyrillic spelling throughout the soviet time and the growing Latin spelling after 1990—can be found for &lt;em&gt;Форд&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Сименс&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Зингер&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Филипс&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="47" LastEditDate="2015-05-17T14:11:28.010" LastActivityDate="2015-05-17T14:11:28.010" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8740" CreationDate="2015-05-16T20:55:13.983" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to add to other answers.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Interaction of English and Russian is very complicated. Latin alphabet is used in school math, so most of people know Latin pronunciation of letter's names and don't know &lt;strong&gt;correct&lt;/strong&gt; English pronunciation. As consequence, many of words changed pronunciation after they had come to Russian. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;key&lt;/code&gt; should be read as &lt;code&gt;ки&lt;/code&gt;, but if you say this, no one understand you. All people say &lt;code&gt;кей&lt;/code&gt;, and you can even find a name of a profession - &lt;code&gt;эникейщик&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;tech support&quot;, derived from &lt;code&gt;any key&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;FreeBSD&lt;/code&gt; should be &lt;code&gt;фри би эс ди&lt;/code&gt;, but more often you will hear &lt;code&gt;фри бэ эс дэ&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;sometimes you can meet words with completely wrong pronunciation, like &lt;code&gt;ZyXEL&lt;/code&gt;. Its official Russian name is &lt;code&gt;Зайксел&lt;/code&gt; (accordingly to Wikipedia), but often people say &lt;code&gt;зухель&lt;/code&gt;, because Latin &lt;code&gt;y&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;x&lt;/code&gt; looks like Russian &lt;code&gt;у&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;х&lt;/code&gt; (also - &lt;code&gt;линух&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;линукс&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, all written above is about colloquial speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2015-05-16T20:55:13.983" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8750" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8751" CreationDate="2015-05-17T05:04:51.333" Score="6" ViewCount="868" Body="&lt;p&gt;A follow-up question from &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/8736/how-do-you-translate-freebsd-into-russian&quot;&gt;How do you translate FreeBSD into Russian?&lt;/a&gt;, what is the rule that makes New York have a hyphen when written in proper Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1665" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-05-17T12:39:55.887" Title="Почему Нью-Йорк (New York) по-русски пишется через дефис?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8750" CreationDate="2015-05-17T08:23:50.250" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;From a reference book by Rozenthal, much trusted author:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/24.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/24.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;§17. Географические и административно-территориальные названия&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;4.Части сложных географических названий пишутся с прописной буквы, причем соединяются дефисом, если они образованы:&#xA;д)  сочетанием иноязычных элементов, например: Алма-Ата («отец яблок»), Норд-Кап («северный мыс»), Нью-Йорк («новый Йорк»).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;'Parts of geographical names are capitalized and hyphenated &#xA; in cases where they... combine foreign &#xA; language elements, for example: Нью-Йорк ('New York', &quot;новый Йорк&quot;).'&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, that rule is true &lt;strong&gt;for cities&lt;/strong&gt; as opposed to e.g. country names (words may get translation, then no hyphens: Новая Гвинея, Новая Зеландия) or street names (the 'Street' element, &quot;-стрит&quot; doesn't use a capital letter). One more typical transcribed name with hyphens:  Солт-Лейк-Сити. An exception (for some traditional reason): Новый Орлеан (New Orleans).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-05-17T12:39:55.887" LastActivityDate="2015-05-17T12:39:55.887" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8752" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-17T08:44:41.927" Score="6" ViewCount="547" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would mostly use &lt;code&gt;из-за&lt;/code&gt;, but actually I do not know the difference, nor when to go for &lt;code&gt;ради&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could anybody give me a hint, please.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance in &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты здесь из-за меня?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ты здесь ради меня?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are both variants possible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5477" LastEditorUserId="5477" LastEditDate="2015-05-17T19:17:30.137" LastActivityDate="2015-05-30T00:10:52.950" Title="&quot;из-за&quot; vs. &quot;ради&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8752" CreationDate="2015-05-17T09:57:07.140" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Из-за&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (due to some condition, limitation, for the reason of) usually explains the reason for something what happened, or is about a possible consequence in nearest future as a reason for taking some preventive measure. &lt;em&gt;Из-за кого-то&lt;/em&gt; sometimes means someone is to blame or is the reason for something unpleasant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из-за автомобильных пробок он опоздал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из-за прогнозируемого падения курса рубля он перенес свою поездку на более ранний срок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ради&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; — for getting a desired result, sometimes 'for the sake of'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он согласился на эту командировку только ради того, чтобы увидеть Китай.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ради своей девушки он был готов на многое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the main difference is &lt;strong&gt;'for the reason'&lt;/strong&gt; vs. &lt;strong&gt;'for a result'&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T14:59:25.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8736" CreationDate="2015-05-17T12:15:35.977" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For all I know, everybody just use Latin version: FreeBSD. In programming and related fields, most of the time people use Latin versions of terms, like SQL, Linux, C++, FFT, malware, PC - you would expect to see their Cyrillic transliterations or translations (ЭсКюЭль, Линукс, Си-Плюс-Плюс, ДПФ, Вредоносное ПО, ПК) only in old books and public official documents (were everything must be written in Cyrillic by law).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5158" LastEditorUserId="5158" LastEditDate="2015-05-26T17:42:49.613" LastActivityDate="2015-05-26T17:42:49.613" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8757" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-18T07:10:50.620" Score="2" ViewCount="1563" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a website (or a book) to find conjugation tables (at present, past, future, ...) of most common russian verbs (be, can, want, speak, do, learn, hear, ...) ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5480" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T10:03:00.827" Title="Tables of verbs conjugation" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;обучение&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8725" CreationDate="2015-05-18T08:03:05.177" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;All of the given answers are correct.&#xA;Sometimes in Russian &quot;название&quot; is an &quot;official form&quot; of name.&#xA;&quot;имя&quot; - is a &quot;speaking form&quot; of name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5478" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T08:03:05.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8757" CreationDate="2015-05-18T08:27:35.050" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a nice site: &lt;a href=&quot;http://learningrussian.net/russian_verbs.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian Verb Conjugations&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5454" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-05-18T10:34:41.000" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T10:34:41.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8757" CreationDate="2015-05-18T08:28:09.623" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;An awesome site for verbs conjugation is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Type is search:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;быть&quot; — for verb &quot;to be&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;мочь&quot; — for verb &quot;can&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;хотеть&quot; — for verb &quot;want&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;говорить&quot; — for verb &quot;to speak&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;делать&quot; — for verb &quot;to do&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;учиться&quot; — for verbs &quot;to learn&quot; &quot;to study&quot; (in russian &quot;to learn&quot; and &quot;to study&quot; are equal in some senses, but not always)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;слышать&quot; — for verb &quot;to hear&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;смотреть&quot; — for verb &quot;to look&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;видеть&quot; — for verb &quot;to see&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;любить&quot; — for verb &quot;to love&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;идти&quot; — for verb &quot;to walk&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;бежать&quot; — for verb &quot;to run&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;лежать&quot; — for verb &quot;to lie&quot; (The book lies on the table)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;врать&quot; &quot;лгать&quot; — for verb &quot;to lie&quot; (When Pinocchio lies, his nose grows.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;сидеть&quot; — for verb &quot;to sit&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;думать&quot; — for verb &quot;to think&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;прыгать&quot; — for verbs &quot;to jump&quot; &quot;to spring&quot; &quot;to leap&quot; (in russian &quot;to jump&quot; &quot;to spring&quot; &quot;to leap&quot; are equal)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;кушать&quot; &quot;есть&quot; — for verb &quot;to eat&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;пить&quot; — for verb &quot;to drink&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;писать&quot; — for verb &quot;to write&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;читать&quot; — for verb &quot;to read&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;нравиться&quot; — for verb &quot;to like&quot; (Он мне нра́вится. ― I like him)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;ненавидеть&quot; — for verb &quot;to hate&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feel free to ask any other verbs (:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5478" LastEditorUserId="5478" LastEditDate="2015-05-18T13:53:49.977" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T13:53:49.977" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8763" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8764" CreationDate="2015-05-18T10:00:53.640" Score="0" ViewCount="166" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to ask and which are the best ways to say &quot;How do I get to Red Square?&quot; using verbs of motion and respective prepositions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5482" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T11:24:09.603" Title="Using verbs of motion, how to ask &quot;How do I get to Red Square?&quot;" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8764" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8763" CreationDate="2015-05-18T10:18:23.143" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are on foot:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как пройти на Красную площадь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are driving a car:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как проехать на Красную площадь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Universal way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как попасть на Красную площадь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see the pattern is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как (мне/нам) &lt;em&gt;verb_of_motion&lt;/em&gt; на Красную площадь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T10:18:23.143" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8765" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8763" CreationDate="2015-05-18T11:24:09.603" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can also try, &#xA;&quot;Как мне добраться до Красной площади?&quot;&#xA;It is closer to the word 'get'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5483" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T11:24:09.603" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8766" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-18T11:58:45.493" Score="3" ViewCount="581" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;code&gt;to learn studying - учиться учиться&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;note: in Russian sounds pretty obvious and precise&lt;br&gt;&#xA; &lt;code&gt;Попросить сходить купить поесть&lt;/code&gt;, i.e.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;verb + verb + verb + verb + ...&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-05-18T16:46:09.183" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T03:59:12.067" Title="How the difference between “to study” and “to learn” might be rendered in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8766" CreationDate="2015-05-18T11:58:45.493" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference in English is discussed here:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/19533/is-there-any-subtle-difference-between-to-study-and-to-learn&quot;&gt;Is there any subtle difference between “to study” and “to learn”?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some people are easily influenced by an opinion, that there is practically no difference in Russian. It would be untrue to say that. The best way to improve our solid knowledge is to treat yourself as a teacher. The best practice in teaching &quot;how to&quot;, IMHO, is to show by examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;to learn studying                                учиться учиться&#xA;&#xA;I'm learning to study                            я учусь учиться&#xA;&#xA;you learn studying                               ́учитесь учиться / учишься учиться&#xA;&#xA;how psychologists study learning and studying    как психологи изучают обучение и изучение&#xA;&#xA;to study the learning process                    изучать учебный процесс&#xA;&#xA;you will learn studying                          нау́читесь изучая&#xA;&#xA;learn studying!                                  учи́тесь учиться!&#xA;&#xA;to study learning                                изучать обучение&#xA;&#xA;What do students learn studying these words?     Чему научатся студенты, изучая эти слова?&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as you can see above, in Russian we have one root (or stem, if you prefer) &lt;b&gt;&lt;code&gt;уч&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/b&gt; for both. We build a new verb with a prepositional prefix. E.g., &lt;b&gt;&lt;code&gt;из-&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/b&gt; is a prefix that give us the new meaning &lt;b&gt;&lt;code&gt;out of&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA; учить -  &lt;b&gt;из&lt;/b&gt;учать        to learn     - to study&#xA; влечь -  &lt;b&gt;из&lt;/b&gt;влечь        to draw (to) - draw out; extract&#xA; дать  -  &lt;b&gt;из&lt;/b&gt;дать         to give      - give forth, give out&#xA; ложить - &lt;b&gt;из&lt;/b&gt;ложить       to lay       - to lay open (to lay the case)&#xA; брать  - &lt;b&gt;из&lt;/b&gt;брать        to take      - to take up (What one thing to take up and master?)&#xA; гнать  - &lt;b&gt;из&lt;/b&gt;гнать        to drive     - to drive out (drive a herd - drive out of doors) &#xA;&#xA;----- not so furthered and linearly -----&#xA;&#xA; менять - &lt;b&gt;из&lt;/b&gt;менять      to change -&#xA;                      - to exchange; to vary; to modify; + to betray, break one's oath &#xA; бежать - &lt;b&gt;из&lt;/b&gt;бежать      to run -&#xA;                      - to escape (officers had a narrow escape their car) &#xA;                                + (had narrowly escaped arrest)&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I humbly hope you see the pattern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:38:12.067" LastActivityDate="2015-05-21T12:23:46.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8768" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8769" CreationDate="2015-05-18T12:32:40.433" Score="2" ViewCount="515" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is that отойти? We have examples like that but I'm not sure about it...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5484" LastActivityDate="2015-05-26T09:20:31.127" Title="How to say the bus left the stop in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8768" CreationDate="2015-05-18T12:48:12.207" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A better option is &lt;code&gt;отъехал&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Автобус отъехал от остановки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Отошел&lt;/code&gt; is suitable also, but it is not the best option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T12:48:12.207" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8768" CreationDate="2015-05-18T14:25:22.157" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Отойти от&quot; - for ships or vessels (everyday talk)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Отвалить от&quot; - for ships or vessels (marine jargon)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Отправиться из&quot; - for trains&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вылететь из&quot; - for planes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Отъехать от&quot; - for buses, autos etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-05-18T14:30:25.047" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T14:30:25.047" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8766" CreationDate="2015-05-18T14:30:01.050" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If your example &lt;strong&gt;'to learn studying&lt;/strong&gt;' doesn't suggest overlapping English meanings of the two words, let's suppose their most typical meanings: ( &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-learn-and-vs-study/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-learn-and-vs-study/&lt;/a&gt; )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;to learn&lt;/strong&gt;: to get knowledge in the process of studying something - &lt;em&gt;учиться результативно, научиться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;to study&lt;/strong&gt;: to be in the process of getting knowledge - &lt;em&gt;учиться, проходить обучение;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;studying&lt;/strong&gt;: the process for getting knowledge - &lt;em&gt;учёба, процесс изучения&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literal translation (while a correct phrase, it sounds like a slogan): &lt;em&gt;(На)учиться  учёбе.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More naturally sounding Russian version: &lt;em&gt;Научиться рациональным методам учёбы.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T14:30:01.050" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8766" CreationDate="2015-05-18T14:59:38.670" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;study&lt;/code&gt; in the meaning '&lt;em&gt;devote time and attention to gaining knowledge of (an academic subject), especially by means of books&lt;/em&gt;' (the Oxford English dictionary) can be translated as &lt;code&gt;изучать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;study mathematics - изучать математику&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;он изучает математику&lt;/code&gt; - this is one of his main subjects, his major. That usually means he attends some school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way when we say in a colloquial speech: &lt;code&gt;он учит математику&lt;/code&gt; in some context that could mean that some pupil is preparing for his math class tomorrow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;learn studying&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;code&gt;учиться изучать&lt;/code&gt; sounds more or less legal but of course if you mean by that &lt;code&gt;учиться рациональным методам учёбы&lt;/code&gt; better use the latter variant because in Russian &lt;code&gt;изучать&lt;/code&gt; is a transitive verb and you kind of ask '&lt;strong&gt;learn studying what?&lt;/strong&gt;' when you hear this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T14:59:38.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8773" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8752" CreationDate="2015-05-18T15:08:22.860" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;And do not forget &lt;code&gt;благодаря&lt;/code&gt; , which can also be a tricky synonym of &lt;code&gt;из-за&lt;/code&gt; sometimes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Из-за&lt;/strong&gt; автомобильных пробок он опоздал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Благодаря&lt;/strong&gt; автомобильным пробкам он не попал в аварию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://learnrussian.rt.com/grammar-tables/difference-between-blagodarya-and-iz-za/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The difference between “благодаря” and “из-за”&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T15:08:22.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8768" CreationDate="2015-05-18T17:12:11.863" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best teacher in English is the English one. The same for Chinese. And for Russian. Here is what and how Russians &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E0%E2%F2%EE%E1%F3%F1&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=6&amp;amp;lex2=%EE%F1%F2%E0%ED%EE%E2%EA%E0&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;write about it&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in terms of verbs-of-motion — one of the most confusing topics in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Отошел, отъехал&lt;/code&gt; is good, if you want to preserve the &lt;strong&gt;colloquial context&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if the question should have been appeared in official tests, or in the testing how one be able to recognize things in urban and cultural contexts &lt;strong&gt;in the city, with its official language,&lt;/strong&gt; then I had admitted that &lt;code&gt;Автобус отправился от остановки.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;em&gt;(по расписанию)&lt;/em&gt;, is more accurate. Because exactly this phrase we are listening (and waiting to receive and recognize) to automated announcement systems for subway, bus and train stations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?num=30&amp;amp;biw=1279&amp;amp;bih=706&amp;amp;tbm=bks&amp;amp;q=%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D1%82&amp;amp;oq=%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Usage example with a context&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;CoreyRoberts-Reynolds&lt;/em&gt; asked a question that is truly interesting:    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как сказать правильно:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;  автобус  &lt;b&gt;уехал от&lt;/b&gt;  остановки&#xA;             или                  ?&#xA;  автобус &lt;b&gt;отъехал&lt;/b&gt; от остановки&#xA;&#xA;  &lt;b&gt;отъехал&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;    или      ?&#xA;  &lt;b&gt;уехал от&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A research into this issue shows that no rule had previously existed. That is normal. We must [&lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%F3%E5%F5%E0%F2%FC&amp;amp;gramm1=praet&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=PR&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;p=1&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ask the Russian&lt;/a&gt;] to help us.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA; Я, ты, он ... (either &#xA; all the pronouns ... ,&#xA; or an adjective, predicative, adverbial pronoun, &#xA; or an animate person)                               &lt;b&gt;уехал&lt;/b&gt;,   NOT отъехал&#xA;└────────────────subject─1───────────────────────┘&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in case of &lt;code&gt;автобус&lt;/code&gt; which is an inanimate thing, we do not use &lt;b&gt;&lt;code&gt;уехал&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;subject─2 &lt;b&gt;отъехал&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;    &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=&amp;amp;gramm1=S&amp;amp;sem1=r%3Aabstr%20%7C%20(pt%3Apart%20%7C%20pt%3Aqtm%20%7C%20pt%3Aset)&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=%EE%F2%FA%E5%F5%E0%F2%FC&amp;amp;gramm2=praet&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m3=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=1&amp;amp;lex3=&amp;amp;gramm3=PR&amp;amp;sem3=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags3=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;is widely used&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;where &lt;code&gt;subject─2 = inanimate things&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about &lt;pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;b&gt;&lt;code&gt;уехал от&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  [кого?чего?]&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;In ≈90% was used the &lt;code&gt;[subject─1]&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%F3%E5%F5%E0%F2%FC&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=%EE%F2&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;p=2&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Proof&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the rest of the cases are &lt;pre&gt;&#xA; уехал от семейных неприятностей [Толстой]             | which may be classified as&#xA; уехал от чудес: в тропиках их нет [Гончаров. (1855)]  | something, that causes of &#xA; уехал от назойливых вопросов                          | mood swings. Something in&#xA; уехал от предстоящих платежей                         | our mind, that can act as &#xA; уехал от скуки                                        | it is animated and have&#xA;                                                       | intent towards to us.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-05-20T13:36:58.460" LastActivityDate="2015-05-20T13:36:58.460" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8775" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-18T19:07:52.217" Score="3" ViewCount="195" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading a paragraph about the activities that happen in a typical work day.  One sentence reads, &quot;Во время обеденного перерыва, с двенадцати до часу, я успеваю пообедать в столовой и немного отдохнуть.&quot;  My question is why use the perfective form пообедать when the piece is talking about typical days - in other words things that happen over and over again, not just a one time deal. It's also confusing because isn't успеваю imperfective?     &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2220" LastActivityDate="2015-05-19T08:20:34.810" Title="The use of the perfective" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8775" CreationDate="2015-05-18T20:16:19.427" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, perfective is about state transition, imperfective is about state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Успеваю пообедать&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;I have time to have a lunch and get some rest&amp;quot;, meaning that by the end of the break both lunch and rest are completed, not just begun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you used imperfective, this would mean that during your breaks you have the ability to make time for lunch and rest (but possibly somehow lose that ability once the break is over). The sentence would be grammatical but sound really weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я успеваю писать&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;I have time to write (and keep up with my writing pace)&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я успеваю написать&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;I have time to have it written (by some moment)&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вечером я успеваю мыть машину&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;In the evenings I have time to wash my car (I wash the car fast enough in the evenings, but probably not at the mornings)&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вечером я успеваю помыть машину&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;In the evening I have time to wash my car (so that it's clean by the time I go to bed)&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the &lt;em&gt;успевать&lt;/em&gt; itself, it's imperfective because you can't use perfective verbs in present. Using the same endings on corresponding perfective verbs will put them in future. &lt;em&gt;Я успею…&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;I will have time to…&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-05-18T20:24:20.820" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8775" CreationDate="2015-05-19T03:35:27.850" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Успеваю&lt;/code&gt; deals exhaustively with the repeated nature of the action, which is itself, in any given instance, a single and completed one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-05-19T03:35:27.850" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8778" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-19T07:08:20.443" Score="2" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mistaken (adj) = ошибочный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone &lt;strong&gt;PLEASE&lt;/strong&gt; explain how the endings in the following came about? They don't seem to be following the normal rules for adjectives and conjugation that I've studied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I am mistaken = я ошибаюсь;&#xA;I was mistaken = я ошибался;&#xA;He is mistaken = он ошибается;&#xA;He was mistaken = он ошибся;&#xA;She is mistaken = она ошибается;&#xA;She was mistaken = она ошиблась;&#xA;You are mistaken = вы ошиблись;&#xA;You were mistaken = Вы ошиблись;&#xA;They are mistaken = они ошибаются;&#xA;They were mistaken = они ошиблись;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5488" LastEditorUserId="5539" LastEditDate="2015-06-09T15:28:52.440" LastActivityDate="2015-06-09T15:28:52.440" Title="Question about reflexive verbs &amp; adjectives and tense" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8778" CreationDate="2015-05-19T07:42:30.957" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's from verb &lt;em&gt;ошибаться&lt;/em&gt;. Adjective &lt;em&gt;ошибочный&lt;/em&gt; is used to describe something, not someone.&#xA;For example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он ошибается - He is mistaken&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ошибочное мнение - Mistaken opinion&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But be aware that you can translate 'mistaken' as &lt;em&gt;неправильно понятый&lt;/em&gt; (misunderstood).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5460" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-05-19T07:42:30.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8775" CreationDate="2015-05-19T08:20:34.810" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, you may use imperfective here as well: &quot;Во время обеденного перерыва, с двенадцати до часу, я успеваю обедать в столовой и немного отдыхать&quot;. Both variants are OK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-05-19T08:20:34.810" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8781" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8778" CreationDate="2015-05-19T12:21:49.667" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Where the endings had come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some blurring arise because you are blending two verbs (blending endings) that being structurally parallel in its aspect pair &lt;code&gt;ошибаться и ошибиться&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Open in parallel &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ошибаться&lt;/a&gt;|&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ошибиться&lt;/a&gt; and take a look at its tables. 90% of native speakers are at all certain that the two verbs is blending into the one. So, at 90% you have a right )) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and incidentally,  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;Я ушибла лоб.                       I have hurt my forehead. (I said: she)&#xA;Она ушиблась прямо о [...] .        She bumped straight into a [...].&#xA;Набила шишку на голове.             Get a bump on her head. (and paint the bump with iodine)&#xA;Оставив на ee голове хорошенькую шишку.       Giving her head a nasty bump.&#xA;Она сделала много ошибок.           She has made many errors.&#xA;Да, я ошиблась.                     Yes, I am mistaken. / I am wrong. (I said: she)&#xA;Да, я набила шишек в этой теме (ошиблась).  — an idiom&#xA;Нет, это ошибочное мнение.          No, It is a mistaken opinion. &#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Idiom, usage with a context: &lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%ED%E0%E1%E8%F2%FC&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=6&amp;amp;lex2=%F8%E8%F8%EA%E0&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;набить шишек = have made errors&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-05-19T14:23:22.603" LastActivityDate="2015-05-19T14:23:22.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8736" CreationDate="2015-05-19T18:39:29.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You may call it &quot;ФриБСД&quot; while it looks funny. Russian IT guys usually call it &quot;фряха&quot; or &quot;фря&quot;, but it is very unofficial name. They rarely translate technical terms except very, very old terms (or seniors who worked in USSR where everything was translated). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: there is a word &quot;отладчик&quot;, which means &quot;debugger&quot;, but everyone calls it &quot;дебаггер&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian system administrators sometimes make fun of localized versions of Microsoft products: Microsoft translates terms like &quot;website&quot; or even &quot;DNS&quot; and it sounds funny in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5392" LastActivityDate="2015-05-19T18:39:29.370" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8766" CreationDate="2015-05-20T14:40:34.230" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;learn - учиться&#xA;study - заниматься&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5496" LastActivityDate="2015-05-20T14:40:34.230" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8766" CreationDate="2015-05-21T16:32:04.517" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;IMHO, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;to study&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; refers to some &lt;strong&gt;academic&lt;/strong&gt; work. While studying you do different researches, go through some specific literature, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;To learn&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is to gain rather some &lt;strong&gt;skill&lt;/strong&gt; than some knowledge.&#xA;&lt;em&gt;For instance&lt;/em&gt;, toddlers, they learn how to walk. They are NOT doing any researches about how gravitation affect them or how many calories is necessary for making a single step. They just practice some movements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, you can study literature(history, writer bio, modernism or realism etc.) but you &lt;strong&gt;learn&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;how to&lt;/strong&gt; read.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5503" LastActivityDate="2015-05-21T16:32:04.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8786" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="600" CreationDate="2015-05-21T16:52:53.440" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you witness people arguing in comments(on the Web) it's also may be considered as срач. the synonym would be &quot;butthurt&quot;.&#xA;in other situations(if they refer to something physical) the euphemism  would be &quot;a mess&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5503" LastActivityDate="2015-05-21T16:52:53.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8787" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8792" CreationDate="2015-05-22T03:55:28.417" Score="14" ViewCount="2311" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5%20%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot;&gt;Больше ада&lt;/a&gt; seems to be a meme on the Russian internet, but what does it mean in practice?  The literal translation of &quot;More/better hell&quot; does not seem to explain the context, and the &lt;a href=&quot;https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9585763&quot;&gt;random comment&lt;/a&gt; that leads me to ask this likens this Richard Gabriel's famous (in IT circles, anyway) &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jwz.org/doc/worse-is-better.html&quot;&gt;Worse is Better&lt;/a&gt;&quot; essay, which also doesn't explain much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5505" LastActivityDate="2015-05-25T20:24:15.263" Title="What does &quot;Больше ада&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8787" CreationDate="2015-05-22T04:34:45.610" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not an expert, but as I understand,  it can be literally translated as (a little ) 'more  OF hell' (on this earth). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5506" LastActivityDate="2015-05-22T04:34:45.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8789" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8790" CreationDate="2015-05-22T05:13:51.233" Score="3" ViewCount="601" Body="&lt;p&gt;It doesn't appear in a dictionary, however it seems to be a used word (like a vulgar version of cooler/better/funnier is what I can guess from the context?) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А звучит &lt;strong&gt;ебовее&lt;/strong&gt; чем Б&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also might be derived from &lt;em&gt;ебать&lt;/em&gt; but it's hard to guess the actual meaning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I asked this guy who wrote something like in the example, and he told me it was &lt;strong&gt;мат&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2015-05-23T10:28:42.680" LastActivityDate="2015-05-25T20:31:10.830" Title="How to translate ебовее?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8790" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8789" CreationDate="2015-05-22T05:30:16.923" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're right, it's a rude word for &quot;cooler&quot;, &quot;better&quot;. &lt;code&gt;ебовее&lt;/code&gt; is a comparative form of the adjective &lt;code&gt;ебовый&lt;/code&gt; that, in turn, is derived from the verb &lt;code&gt;ебать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastActivityDate="2015-05-22T05:30:16.923" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8787" CreationDate="2015-05-22T06:16:19.563" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I understand context in most of cases, usually it is a sort of sarcasm. When you see something very strange and stupid, that can be considered as &quot;ад&quot; (hell), you can say &quot;больше ада&quot; in meaning &quot;Did anyone see something more stupid? Show it to me!&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Also, it can mean sequel of a story. For example, you saw something strange and wrote a news article about that. Next day you saw something worse and wrote another article with header &quot;Больше ада!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2015-05-22T06:16:19.563" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8792" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8787" CreationDate="2015-05-22T09:32:18.253" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I beleive it is a shortened version of a meme known as &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lurkmore.to/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%8A_%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Адъ и Израиль&lt;/a&gt;&quot; which means &quot;total mess&quot;. Linked Lurkmore page states that some &lt;a href=&quot;https://lurkmore.to/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;network character&lt;/a&gt; used this phrase in the same meaning. However &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newsru.co.il/world/14dec2005/grek.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; states that synonymity of Israel and Hell could be taken from some less known church document. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be used in the following manner:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В комментах к статье - просто Ад и Израиль!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (The comments to an article are total mess!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which indicates that many people were offended by an article or the post, or a flame war began there, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, when a person sees that the comments (or an article, or a post) can be described as a &quot;total mess&quot; then they can add a sarcastic comment &quot;Больше ада!&quot; which means &quot;Add more insanity! I want more!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact if you google the &quot;ад и израиль&quot; phrase you'll find that it is rather popular (500k search results).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-05-23T12:01:28.460" LastActivityDate="2015-05-23T12:01:28.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8787" CreationDate="2015-05-22T15:11:49.220" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This words actually can be translated literally as &quot;More of hell&quot; or better &quot;It's crazy&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It's nature comes from idiom &quot;Ад&quot; (&quot;Hell&quot;) - something not from this world, an action from a man or a group of people, which is beyond any logic.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Typically it starts from post &quot;Просто ад&quot; (&quot;Just a hell&quot; or &quot;It's crazy&quot;) with description of something or someone crazy behavior, if author or someone from a comments find analogue or a continuation for a post it's adding a comment or a second post &quot;Больше ада&quot; (&quot;More of hell&quot; or &quot;Even crazier&quot;).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Example: Post #1 from someone 'It is crazy, I just saw a man fall from the upper floor', then Post #2 'It is even crazier, he had not a scratch, returned to upper floor and FALL AGAIN!'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5512" LastActivityDate="2015-05-22T15:11:49.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8794" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8787" CreationDate="2015-05-23T04:54:11.600" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, as a russian, I would understand it as &quot;add more insanity!&quot; or &#xA;&quot;more trash!&quot;. I saw some usages, often it is a sarcasm. Like I googled and a saw some blog post, a person complains about bullshit in the news, and at the end he asks to add even more bullshit, more dead people, more hell :D &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5517" LastActivityDate="2015-05-23T04:54:11.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8795" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-23T10:16:28.227" Score="3" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just used, without thinking, the word &quot;забывало&quot; to mean &quot;a person who forgets things all the time&quot;. When I started to think about it, I couldn't remember having heard the word, nor could I find such usage in dictionaries or on the internet. Somehow it still sounds good to me - what do you people think? Is it correctly formed, understandable and idiomatic?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5520" LastActivityDate="2015-05-26T15:54:49.270" Title="Существительное &quot;забывало&quot;" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8796" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8795" CreationDate="2015-05-23T11:40:43.853" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It sounds like a nonce word, but is quite understandable in that meaning. Maybe something like &quot;забывал&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (запевала, заводила, зазывала, вышибала), &quot;забывальщик&quot; or &quot;забывальщица&quot; when used between friends would sound less offensive since &quot;забывало&quot; reminds of such typical words as &quot;быдло&quot;, &quot;хамло&quot;, &quot;мурло&quot; etc.&#xA;However, the difference between &quot;забывал&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;забывал&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is only noticeable in written form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-05-23T12:16:43.270" LastActivityDate="2015-05-23T12:16:43.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8795" CreationDate="2015-05-24T05:05:56.467" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The suffix &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;-ло&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; holds its own basic meaning when it is added to the verb root: &lt;em&gt;tool for doing; instrument, or agent.&lt;/em&gt; For example,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;мыть - мыло, шить - шило, сидеть - седло, править - прав́ило, &#xA; хлебать - хлебало, крыть - крыл́о, покрывать - покрывало, ...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whenever you may wish to write as an author, who intented by that suffix &lt;code&gt;-ло&lt;/code&gt; to make a new word, you should bear in mind that &lt;code&gt;мыло забывало покрывало (word play)&lt;/code&gt;  are the past tense of a verb in the neuter gender of a doer, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When we are faced with a case of homonymy with two previous well-known meanings, we shall solve the problem with ambiguity, but in the case of just the newborn word the case of homonymy exists only in our mind, and we should clearly tell the reader what it is. Most certainly a reader will take a meaning by operating unconsciously, thus will stick by the well-known form of a verb. On this course you will not achieve the goal, but reader would be forced to read again the same phrase in attempts at getting to know. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When an author don't have a willingness to run the risk to be a pioneer with that new word, he/she may use in Russian&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;a)&lt;/strong&gt; a capital letter to denote a proper Name &lt;code&gt;Ты такой Забывало.&lt;/code&gt; (mood: informal, familiar; not agressive);&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;b)&lt;/strong&gt; doublling for a letter, when there is a need for a temporary &quot;common name&quot;  &lt;code&gt;забывалло&lt;/code&gt;;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;c)&lt;/strong&gt; make similar with surnames &lt;code&gt;Тебя звать не Забывайло, часом?&lt;/code&gt; (mood: sarcasm, familiar; in a &quot;correcting&quot; or &quot;accusatory&quot; way)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-05-26T15:54:49.270" LastActivityDate="2015-05-26T15:54:49.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8787" CreationDate="2015-05-25T20:24:15.263" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often see it in opposition communities, when someone posts news about madness in the Russian leadership, like Mezulina's initiatives or Astakhov's comments about women, people often reply &quot;Больше ада!&quot; = &quot;(Let's have) more hell!&quot; meaning the more insane the Russian authorities become, the sooner their rule will be over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5530" LastActivityDate="2015-05-25T20:24:15.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8594" CreationDate="2015-05-25T21:02:00.707" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two big thesauruses for the Russian language &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Russian Thesaurus&quot; by O.S. Baranov (100 000 words and expressions in 7 800 articles)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thesaurus1.narod.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.thesaurus1.narod.ru/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a bit too scientific and not so easy to use as Roget's thesaurus for English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;RuThes (45 000 notions, 107 000 words and expressions, 177 000 relationships).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.labinform.ru/pub/ruthes/index.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.labinform.ru/pub/ruthes/index.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5530" LastActivityDate="2015-05-25T21:02:00.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8768" CreationDate="2015-05-26T09:20:31.127" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Colloquially, you would say just &quot;автобус ушёл&quot;, omitting the whole bus stop from the context. &#xA;Exactly as in the idiom &quot;your bus has left the stop&quot; meaning &quot;you've missed your opportunity&quot;, &quot;it's too late&quot; - but a &quot;train&quot; is used: &quot;твой поезд ушёл&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5532" LastActivityDate="2015-05-26T09:20:31.127" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8805" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-26T17:16:30.543" Score="4" ViewCount="435" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some textbooks on Russian grammar say that the partitive genitive of a noun appears only as the object of a verb, never as the subject.  It appears to me that &lt;em&gt;воды&lt;/em&gt; in the above expression would be the subject. If so, it should be replaced by &lt;em&gt;вода&lt;/em&gt; grammatically. But &lt;em&gt;воды&lt;/em&gt; seems more frequently used. Why? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4028" LastActivityDate="2015-05-30T16:29:46.317" Title="&quot;Воды&quot; in the expression &quot;мне хочется воды&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8805" CreationDate="2015-05-26T17:29:17.260" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase &lt;code&gt;мне хочется воды&lt;/code&gt; doesn't contain any subject. It's an impersonal sentence where &lt;code&gt;мне&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;воды&lt;/code&gt; are objects. Therefore, the rule you mentioned isn't broken in the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the sentence, there's no direct analog of such construction in English. You may consider &lt;code&gt;мне хочется&lt;/code&gt; as a synonym of &lt;code&gt;я хочу&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastActivityDate="2015-05-26T17:29:17.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8805" CreationDate="2015-05-26T17:49:57.687" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the phrase &lt;em&gt;мне хочется воды&lt;/em&gt;, grammatically, there is a zero subject, one verb and two objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's an impersonal phrase, which is similar to English impersonal constructs like &quot;it seems to me&quot;, &quot;it occurs to me&quot; etc, except that phrases like that have a zero subject in Russian (as opposed to English, which has an actual subject, &quot;it&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So grammatically, both &lt;em&gt;мне&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;воды&lt;/em&gt; are objects to &lt;em&gt;хочется&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that object, subject and verb are purely grammatical terms, which are not to be confused with thematic roles of agent, patient and instrument.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-05-26T17:49:57.687" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8805" CreationDate="2015-05-28T13:10:25.303" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мне хочется воды&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is exactly &lt;code&gt;*I am in a state of*&lt;/code&gt;  thirstyness, a physiological state (that implies a psychological) corresponding to a strong need of water&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Right from the English phrase we can see why there is genetive, because &quot;of smth&quot; has direct corresponding with Russian Gen.                                                 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;code&gt;хочется&lt;/code&gt; is very special verb. It sets a person in a certain complex state in virtue of his perceiving.&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;мне чудится сон                  Nom&#xA;мне делается операция            Nom&#xA;мне хочется танцев                  Gen&#xA;мне видится образ                Nom&#xA;мне хочется моря, песка, солнца     Gen&#xA;мне слышится песня               Nom&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a certain sense in &lt;code&gt;мне хочется воды&lt;/code&gt; there &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; a subject, a psychological state only I know I am in. This subject you may consider (in English, like weather verbs) as included, &quot;It's needing; (my state of the need of ...)&quot;, where in the place of &quot;need&quot; can be placed smth with &lt;a href=&quot;http://translate.academic.ru/%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C/ru/en/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;хотеть&quot;&gt;25+ meanings in English&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я хочу воды&lt;/code&gt; vs &lt;code&gt;мне хочется воды&lt;/code&gt; is an inappropriate analogous. When we say &lt;code&gt;Я хочу ...&lt;/code&gt; we mean, first, &quot;I am needing smth&quot;, but &lt;code&gt;мне хочется ...&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;I am feeling ... (state of “being” in the present)&quot; and &quot;I am aware of this state&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я хочу&lt;/code&gt; is an analogous &lt;code&gt;Я делаю&lt;/code&gt;. Thus in &lt;code&gt;мне делается операция&lt;/code&gt; the noun &lt;code&gt;операция&lt;/code&gt; is a word in Nominative, and there is huge number of examples with such verbs. It's something that we consciously try to do, whereas a psychological state is something else. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/8805/%d0%92%d0%be%d0%b4%d1%8b-in-the-expression-%d0%bc%d0%bd%d0%b5-%d1%85%d0%be%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%82%d1%81%d1%8f-%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b4%d1%8b#comment19581_8807&quot;&gt;As you say&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;there are ... reflexive verbs accepting objects in accusative and that&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;хотеться&lt;/code&gt;, one of them, takes an object in animate accusative or in&#xA;  inanimate genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is more examples &lt;code&gt;хотеться_praes + N_accu&lt;/code&gt; without the connection with in/animate, so it is fully literate.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com.ua/search?num=30&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;tbm=bks&amp;amp;q=%22%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E%22&amp;amp;oq=%22%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Proof&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be interesting to show that there are &lt;code&gt;хотеться_praes + Noun_instr&lt;/code&gt;. Examples with a context &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=uVonAQAAIAAJ&amp;amp;q=%22%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BC%22&amp;amp;dq=%22%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BC%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;обстреливают нас всех вместе, а умираем мы все же врозь, и никому не хочется первым.&quot;&gt;the first&lt;/a&gt; , &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com.ua/search?q=%D1%81+%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE+%E2%80%95+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.+%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83.&amp;amp;num=20&amp;amp;safe=off&amp;amp;tbm=bks&amp;amp;oq=%D1%81+%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE+%E2%80%95+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.+%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;с любым животным необходимо ― терпение. Иногда хочется багром по дыхалу.&quot;&gt;the second&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-05-30T16:29:46.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23" CreationDate="2015-05-28T19:24:08.867" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often heard &quot;Я жду с нетерпением&quot; (wait without patience) to say that &quot;I'm anxious in a good way&quot; or &quot;looking forward to&quot; an event. You could say &quot;Я жду с нетерпением начать новую работу&quot; and that would communicate the American equivalent of &quot;I'm excited about my new job.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5540" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-05-28T20:11:17.240" LastActivityDate="2015-05-28T20:11:17.240" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8811" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-29T18:48:47.507" Score="5" ViewCount="392" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had a long break (~6 months) from learning Russian and now I'm a little confused.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{personal_pronoun}_dative + (не) + infinitve + что, for example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне (не) прочитать эту книгу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;mean&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I must (mustn't) read this book&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I (don't) want to read this book&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;/edit: the Russian examples I know about include dative + infinitive with out &amp;quot;не&amp;quot;, for instance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что же мне делать, один против всех&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Эпидемия - Рождённый для битвы)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;мне ещё ребёнка забирать:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-06-03T14:09:57.367" Title="The usage of dative case" Tags="&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8811" CreationDate="2015-05-29T18:53:12.793" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, &quot;мне не прочитать эту книгу&quot; means &quot;I can't read (finish reading) this book&quot;. For example, because it is difficult or long etc. You cannot finish it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мне прочитать эту книгу&quot; sounds wrong and nobody will ever say or understand this. It has no meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5544" LastActivityDate="2015-05-29T18:53:12.793" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8813" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8752" CreationDate="2015-05-30T00:10:52.950" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Из-за&quot; is normally used as &quot;because of&quot; and in the sense of laying a blame. To ask &quot;Ты здесь из-за меня?&quot; is to mean &quot;Is it my fault that you're here?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ради&quot; is normally used as &quot;for&quot; and in the sense of providing assistance. To say &quot;Ты здесь ради меня?&quot; is synonymous to &quot;Are you here for me?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5545" LastActivityDate="2015-05-30T00:10:52.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8811" CreationDate="2015-05-30T03:49:12.253" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Рассмотрим минимально законченный синтаксический образец, включающий предложенную фразу, &lt;strong&gt;где есть и подлежащее, и сказуемое&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  Мне  прочитать   эту книгу — хорошо.&#xA;  Мне не прочитать эту книгу — плохо.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сказуемое здесь выражено наречием, отвечающим на вопрос &quot;каково?&quot;. Подлежащее — глагол в инфинитиве.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Малая грамматическая обусловленность в предложенном примере оставляет &lt;strong&gt;неопределенности&lt;/strong&gt;, которые и вызывают трудности у изучающего русский язык. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;а)&lt;/strong&gt; Отсутствующее сказуемое (один из двух главных членов предложения заключающий в себе высказывание, делающий выражение мысли законченным - [сл.Ушакова]) оставляет неопределенность в отношении представленного действия &lt;code&gt;прочитать&lt;/code&gt; и его предикативным признаком: &lt;em&gt;это хорошо? плохо? весело? вовремя? ...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;б)&lt;/strong&gt; Неопределенность во времени:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  Прочитать — хорошо.            Настоящее&#xA;  Прочитать было хорошо.         Прошедшее&#xA;  Прочитать будет хорошо.        Будущее&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в)&lt;/strong&gt; Неопределенность в наклонении (как иллюстрация):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  Прочитать было бы хорошо.                        Сослагательное&#xA;&#xA;  Если бы прочитать было хорошо ... /                &#xA;     (было бы прочитать хорошо, если ...)          Условное&#xA;&#xA;  Было бы прочитать хорошо!                        Желательное&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(1)&lt;/strong&gt; There is no dot after the last word, in the OP, so it is not a sentence; &lt;strong&gt;(2)&lt;/strong&gt; there had been a variation as shown by the braces, which make no sense in ordinary texts, but are found widely as available cases from textbooks. Thus, &lt;strong&gt;(3)&lt;/strong&gt; it is &lt;code&gt;phrases | сочетания слов&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We shall consider an auxiliary sentence. For that &lt;strong&gt;we have to finish the sentence.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  Мне  прочитать  эту книгу —  хорошо.&#xA;      └── subj ─┘            └─ praed ─┘&#xA;          V_inf                 Adv&#xA;          └──── How? Каково? ────┘&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When we say&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Мне не прочитать эту книгу — плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;we mean,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  I will not be able to read this book, it's bad.&#xA;  I wouldn't be able to ...&#xA;  I couldn't be able to ... &#xA;     + probably&#xA;  I'm not going to read this book, it's bad. &#xA;  I was not going to read this book, it's bad.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some other examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  He won't be able to come in time, it's bad. &#xA;  Ему не приехать вовремя, плохо.&#xA;         └─ V_inf + Adv ─┘&#xA;&#xA;  They now appeared; she had made each promise to come early.&#xA;  Они появились, она имела от каждого обещание прибыть вовремя.&#xA;                                              └─ V_inf + Adv ─┘&#xA;&#xA;  It won't hurt you to stand.&#xA;  Тебе постоять не вредно.&#xA;       └── V_inf + Adv ──┘&#xA;&#xA;  They never go far.&#xA;  Им не уйти далеко.&#xA;     └ V_inf + Adv ┘&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;About {personal_PROnoun}_dat + VERB_inf&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider the example below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;     Для того чтобы уйти из этого мира, ему нужно было бы изжить карму.&#xA;  In order for him to leave this world, he needed to put an end to his karma.&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is talk about the same person, normally (even preferably) is &#xA;to drop the first pronoun. But the second isn't (although the sentence would be&#xA;fully literate) to avoid confusion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;                  ему   &lt;b&gt;(A)&lt;/b&gt;: omission of personal pronoun, but &#xA;               └──┬──┘       only PRO_dat does apply here.&#xA;                  │&#xA;                  │&#xA;  Для того чтобы (_) уйти из этого мира, ему нужно было бы изжить карму. &#xA;                  ▲    │                  ▲                 │&#xA;                  └────┘                  └─────────────────┘&#xA;                     \                           /&#xA;                      \                         /&#xA;                       \                       /&#xA;                         ── PRO_dat + V_inf ──&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But why &lt;strong&gt;(A)&lt;/strong&gt;? How can we deduce without the context that to the verb &lt;code&gt;уйти&lt;/code&gt; there corresponds a uniquely determined case of a pronoun? We can't, without a context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have supposition that &lt;code&gt;PRO_{case:any} + {VERB:any}_inf&lt;/code&gt; is true for Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-06-01T22:16:53.903" LastActivityDate="2015-06-01T22:16:53.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8811" CreationDate="2015-05-30T19:58:04.400" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мне прочитать эту книгу&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; прочитать эту книгу&lt;/em&gt; are quite different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The former only makes sense as a question: &lt;code&gt;Мне прочитать эту книгу?&lt;/code&gt; &quot;Am I to read this book?&quot; (Implying a rather weak degree of obligation/prescription, not &quot;must&quot;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter, negative one is a somewhat high-sounding &quot;Never will I read this book!&quot; (Implying intervening circumstances, &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; the speaker's defiance.) It's a little difficult to imagine the circumstances in which one would use this construction to talk about not getting to read a book. An alternative, and rarer, meaning could be &quot;I don't have what it takes to read this book&quot; (i.e. it's too difficult or cryptic).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-05-30T19:58:04.400" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8757" CreationDate="2015-05-31T12:44:43.597" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ru wiktionary org&lt;/strong&gt; - most popular and easy&#xA;(sorry for links, i have no enough points to post a lot of links)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;gramota ru&lt;/strong&gt; - Russian for Russians) Here russians check russian words. Very hard)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Frequency dictionary:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.artint.ru/projects/frqlist.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.artint.ru/projects/frqlist.php&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;here you can download &lt;strong&gt;lemma al zip&lt;/strong&gt; it is text file with words that used more than 1 time per million.&#xA;You can convert it to Excel (replace spaces by &quot;;&quot;) and open as CSV.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or you can download converted:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://file.qip.ru/file/XhZKX9_m/Russian_Frequency_Dictionary.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://file.qip.ru/file/XhZKX9_m/Russian_Frequency_Dictionary.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, try combo: Frequency Dictionary + Wiktionary&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5550" LastEditorUserId="5550" LastEditDate="2015-05-31T13:05:25.210" LastActivityDate="2015-05-31T13:05:25.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8594" CreationDate="2015-05-31T13:50:48.313" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Thesaurus will be too hard to learn)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it will be better to learn word parts: prefix, root, suffix, ending;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://udarenieru.ru/index.php?word=on&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://udarenieru.ru/index.php?word=on&lt;/a&gt; - then click [MOC]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;and speak more)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;суд - судья́, суди́ть, ...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;same root words: &lt;br&gt;&#xA;root: суд;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;suffix: -и-, ...;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;infinitive end: -ть, ...;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;noun ending: -(ь)я, ...;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;коне́ц - наконе́ц, зака́нчивать/зако́нчить, конча́ть/ко́нчить, ...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;root: кон(ч,ец);&lt;br&gt;&#xA;prefix: на-, за-, о-, при-, об-, ...;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;suffix: -и-, -а-, -ива-, -ик- (кончик), ...;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;verb ending: -ть, ...;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;noun: -ние, ...;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5550" LastActivityDate="2015-05-31T13:50:48.313" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8818" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-05-31T15:44:07.860" Score="5" ViewCount="4362" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я видел, что ‹‹ибо›› значит ‹‹потому что›› или ‹‹так как››. Как можно употреблять это слово?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6300" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-08-17T10:05:58.893" LastActivityDate="2017-09-02T00:19:25.583" Title="Что значит ‹‹ибо››" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8818" CreationDate="2015-05-31T16:30:28.950" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Из толкового словаря Даля (1866):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ибо - причинный союз, малоупотребительный.&#xA;Синонимы - потому что, а потому и, так.&#xA;Вместо: не дам, ибо ты не заслужил, говорят: не дам, потому что ты не заслужил; не заслужил, а потому и не дам; не заслужил, так и не дам. Нередко частица эта только подразумевается: Не ходи, [ибо] убьют.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из толкового словаря под редакцией Д.Н. Ушакова (2009):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ибо, союз (книжное, устарелое). Потому что, так как (но создает меньшую, чем эти союзы зависимость причинного предложения от главного, скорее присоединяет логическое обоснование, причину, чем подчиняет одно предложение другому; поэтому перед ним часто возможна постановка точки вместо запятой). «Переезжая быстрые речки, не должно смотреть на воду, ибо тотчас голова закружится.» Лермонтов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По моему опыту в современной речи это слово почти не используется, вместо него используют ‹‹потому что›› или ‹‹так как››&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5551" LastActivityDate="2015-05-31T16:30:28.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8818" CreationDate="2015-06-01T03:07:44.063" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;По своему прямому значению &quot;ибо&quot; сейчас практически не используется, но применятся для придания тексту/речи ироничного стиля «под старину».  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Также есть устойчивое выражение &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lurkmore.co/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ибо нехуй&lt;/a&gt;&quot; и интернет-мем &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lurkmore.co/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ибо ваистену&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эти примеры являются грубыми и/или малопонятными, употреблять их в разговоре с малознакомыми людьми не сто́ит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2015-06-01T03:07:44.063" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8818" CreationDate="2015-06-01T09:43:51.600" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a Church Slavonic loanword, meaning &quot;because&quot;, &quot;due to&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You use it whenever you want to give your speech grand style, in the same way you would use &quot;for&quot; in the sense of &quot;because&quot; in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Блаженны нищие духом, ибо их есть Царство Небесное // Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of Heaven&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-06-01T15:54:42.577" LastActivityDate="2015-06-01T15:54:42.577" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8818" CreationDate="2015-06-01T15:29:55.550" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово &quot;ибо&quot; относится почти исключительно к книжной речи и в разговорном стиле, если и употребляют, то, как правило, в ироничном ключе. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В книжной речи, особенно религиозного характера, предлог ибо по прежнему встречается и воспринимается вполне органично. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Прости им, &lt;strong&gt;ибо&lt;/strong&gt; не ведают что творят&quot; - [Лука 23;34]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И брата он убил ради ее спасенья, &lt;strong&gt;ибо&lt;/strong&gt; ему казалось нетерпимым, чтобы&#xA;  нежнейшая, без злобы, женщина страдала от тяжелейшей надменности&#xA;  супруга. [Т. Тархов. Меж двух времен. Хроники Уильяма Шекспира //&#xA;  «Наука и жизнь», 2006]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Другие примеры употребления предлога &quot;ибо&quot; можно посмотреть на сайте &lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%E8%E1%EE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Нацкорпус&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В целом, в непосредственном общении, не являясь носителем языка, слово лучше не употреблять, так как он вряд ли будет уместным. При написании научного или публицистического текста предлог употреблять можно, но в меру. Если текст религиозного характера, то можно смело заменять на &quot;ибо&quot; все &quot;так как&quot; и &quot;потому что&quot;, следя только за отсутствием тавтологии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastEditorUserId="5405" LastEditDate="2017-08-22T08:48:42.007" LastActivityDate="2017-08-22T08:48:42.007" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8823" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8826" CreationDate="2015-06-01T19:49:23.413" Score="5" ViewCount="243" Body="&lt;p&gt;We are developing app that uses weather data from &lt;a href=&quot;http://wunderground.com/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://wunderground.com/&lt;/a&gt; website&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, I'm a little bit confused with translating of these terms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mostly Sunny&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Partly Cloudy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Partly Sunny&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mostly Cloudy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, with the help of &lt;a href=&quot;http://forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;weather.gov&lt;/a&gt; glossary service I found these descriptions of corresponding weather states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mostly Sunny&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;When the 1/8th to 2/8ths of the sky is covered by with opaque (not transparent) clouds Same as Mostly Clear, except only applicable during daylight hours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Partly Cloudy&lt;/strong&gt; Between 3/8 and 5/8 of the sky is covered by clouds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Partly Sunny&lt;/strong&gt; Between 3/8 and 5/8 of the sky is covered by clouds. The term &quot;Partly Sunny&quot; is used only during daylight hours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mostly Cloudy&lt;/strong&gt; When the 6/8th to 7/8ths of the sky is covered by with opaque (not transparent) clouds. Same as Considerable Cloudiness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could you please help to translate these terms into Russian, please?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="277" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2015-06-01T21:12:48.213" LastActivityDate="2015-06-02T05:57:07.243" Title="Translating weather forecast terms into Russian" Tags="&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8823" CreationDate="2015-06-01T20:43:30.417" Score="2" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mostly Sunny - малооблачно&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Partly Cloudly - переменная облачность, облачно с прояснениями&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mostly Cloudly - пасмурно&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5427" LastActivityDate="2015-06-01T20:43:30.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8823" CreationDate="2015-06-01T20:45:30.200" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mostly Sunny / &lt;em&gt;Преимущественно солнечно&lt;/em&gt; (daylight) or &lt;em&gt;преимущественно ясно&lt;/em&gt; (any time)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Partly cloudy (sunny) / &lt;em&gt;Переменная облачность&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;облачно с прояснениями&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mostly cloudy / &lt;em&gt;Пасмурно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no phrase (used in weather forecasts) which would apply &amp;quot;partly cloudy&amp;quot; to daylight only, so just assign any of them for daylight and another one for the night time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-06-01T20:45:30.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8823" CreationDate="2015-06-02T05:57:07.243" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian Гидрометцентр has its own set of terms. Here is the authoritative link - &lt;a href=&quot;http://meteoinfo.ru/forecasts/forcterminology&quot;&gt;http://meteoinfo.ru/forecasts/forcterminology&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The approximate correspondence is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mostly Clear (Sunny) - Малооблачно; Небольшая облачность&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Partly Cloudy (Sunny) - Переменная облачность; Облачно с прояснениями&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mostly Cloudy (Considerable cloudiness) - Облачно; Пасмурно; Значительная облачность&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-06-02T05:57:07.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8373" CreationDate="2015-06-03T03:08:47.080" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;приказчик&lt;/code&gt; (mostly a pre-1917 reality) can be (to a degree) related with post-1991 &lt;code&gt;менеджер&lt;/code&gt; (but, not to miss it from notice:&lt;br&gt;&#xA; a. &lt;code&gt;приказчик&lt;/code&gt; is obsolete,&lt;br&gt;&#xA; b. there are other words of nowadays Russia to name old „приказчик“ in modern circumstances, and those words are NOT (based on) new loan-words, e. g.: &lt;em&gt;управляющий&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;продавец-консультант&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ассистент&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And, yes, the image of &lt;code&gt;приказчик&lt;/code&gt; was, as a rule, definitely negative in Soviet books and movies I could see in the late USSR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-06-04T02:32:55.580" LastActivityDate="2015-06-04T02:32:55.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8829" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-03T03:21:58.627" Score="12" ViewCount="706" Body="&lt;p&gt;The former is a personal sentence and the latter an impersonal one, though both the sentences seem semantically (almost) equivalent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Concerning personal and impersonal sentences, I have some idea how different they are in the light of the speaker's consciousness, for example: In the case of &quot;&lt;em&gt;я хочу спать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; vs &quot;&lt;em&gt;мне хочется спать&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, in the case of the above two sentences, I don't have an idea how different. Please let me know what the difference is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4028" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-06-09T15:28:43.353" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T10:46:14.750" Title="&quot;Деревья свалил ветер&quot; vs &quot;Деревья свалило ветром&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8757" CreationDate="2015-06-03T04:17:09.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my experience, the very best verb conjugation site is &lt;a href=&quot;http://rifmovnik.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://rifmovnik.ru&lt;/a&gt; because it not only fully conjugates verbs, it also gives aspect pairs (or more), it shows the stress for all forms, it also shows noun and adjective declinations and has phonetic transcriptions throughout (optional - cyrillic-based). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All you have to do is enter an infinitive or any word, in any form, with any ending, and it will show you what headword it belongs to. So, for instance, if you enter the form &lt;strong&gt;перевёл&lt;/strong&gt;, it will take you to the entry for &lt;strong&gt;перевести&lt;/strong&gt;, with a link to &lt;strong&gt;переводить&lt;/strong&gt;. You have to choose &lt;strong&gt;словоформы&lt;/strong&gt; from the dropdown menu below the search field, otherwise you just get a list of words that rhyme with &lt;strong&gt;перевёл&lt;/strong&gt;, since this is also a rhyming dictionary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, if you come across the form &lt;strong&gt;львы&lt;/strong&gt; and don't know what to make of it, just enter it in the search field, choose the option &lt;strong&gt;словоформы&lt;/strong&gt; from the dropdown menu below, then click on &lt;strong&gt;найти&lt;/strong&gt; and you will be taken to the entry for the noun &lt;strong&gt;лев&lt;/strong&gt;, along with its full declension. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-06-03T22:55:36.927" LastActivityDate="2015-06-03T22:55:36.927" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8829" CreationDate="2015-06-03T04:33:11.273" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;IMHO, the difference is logical emphasis.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In &quot;&lt;em&gt;Деревья свалил ветер&lt;/em&gt;&quot; the wind is emphasized in order to show that it was not done by other force e.g. flood or human. The sentence base (основа предложения) is &quot;ветер свалил&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In &quot;&lt;em&gt;Деревья свалило ветром&lt;/em&gt;&quot; it is emphasized that the trees are &lt;em&gt;fallen&lt;/em&gt;. The sentence base is &quot;свалило&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5557" LastActivityDate="2015-06-03T04:33:11.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8829" CreationDate="2015-06-03T08:33:40.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Деревья свалило ветром&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is unmarked, default variant without emphasis or with emphasis on ветром. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Деревья свалил ветер&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is most likely used to empathise &lt;em&gt;ветер&lt;/em&gt;, otherwise it sounds awkward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-06-03T08:33:40.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8833" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8811" CreationDate="2015-06-03T08:44:21.587" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Subject infinitive&lt;/em&gt; structure looks like a prophecy. So it is difficult to imagine a setting where this can be used with self with a verb that is dependent on whether you want it be done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-06-03T08:44:21.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8829" CreationDate="2015-06-03T08:48:12.837" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You use impersonal forms when the &lt;em&gt;agent&lt;/em&gt; of the sentence is also the &lt;em&gt;instrument&lt;/em&gt; (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thematic_relation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;thematic relations&lt;/a&gt; in grammar).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of corpus entries:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ирину обдало жаром&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Помпеи засыпало пеплом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Голову стянуло обручем&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each of those sentences can be rephrased two ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жар обдал Ирину / Печь обдала Ирину жаром&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пепел засыпал Помпеи / Везувий засыпал Помпеи пеплом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обруч стянул голову / Кто-то стянул голову обручем&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, the first sentence using the agent as the subject, the second one using an implied agent and the instrument as the object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When those conditions are met, the impersonal form is the preferred one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several idioms like &lt;em&gt;ударило током&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;пахнуло гарью&lt;/em&gt; which cannot be rephrased using active voice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Others, like those above, could be, but this would emphasize the agent's role as an established topic in the conversation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Везувий выбросил тучу пепла. Пепел засыпал Помпеи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-06-03T08:48:12.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8829" CreationDate="2015-06-03T09:41:02.023" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Roughly, I'd say it's a case of an implicit definite/indefinite distinction, similar to &lt;code&gt;Я не видел её револьвер&lt;/code&gt; vs. &lt;code&gt;Я не видел у неё револьвера&lt;/code&gt;. I feel that &lt;code&gt;Деревья свалил ветер&lt;/code&gt; doesn't necessarily logically emphasise the wind as some suggested above; rather, it implies the action of what, in English, would be referred to as &quot;the wind&quot; rather than just &quot;wind&quot;; a particular instance of wind that was discussed before or is common knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-06-03T09:41:02.023" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8836" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8829" CreationDate="2015-06-03T19:29:21.443" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;“Деревья свалил ветер” - active. more frequetly used: Ветер свалил деревья.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;English sentence order: Wind dropped the trees. &#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;“Деревья свалило ветром” - frequently used correct form. &#xA;&lt;br&gt;For better understanding: here is missed subject [Что-то/Нечто].&#xA;&lt;br&gt;[Что-то] свалило деревья ветром.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;English sentence order: [One/It/Something] dropped the trees by the wind (using wind). &#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;“Деревья были свалены ветром” - passive, grammatically correct but unused))&#xA;&lt;br&gt;English sentence order: Trees were dropped by the wind.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&quot;Деревья свалились из-за ветра&quot; - correct, used.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;Trees have fallen (fell) due to wind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5550" LastEditorUserId="5550" LastEditDate="2015-06-04T06:32:36.503" LastActivityDate="2015-06-04T06:32:36.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8829" CreationDate="2015-06-03T20:33:06.187" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Answering how looks like an idea what the difference is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like in geometry, we are able to build the diagonal in the given square when trying to solve a puzzle, the rebuilded &quot;figure of speech&quot; shall be allowed to us too. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, we reorder the first sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA; Subject-Verb Agreement = SVA&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;             SVA                          SVA  &#xA;          ┌──◄─►──┐                    ┌──◄─►─────────┐&#xA;       Ветер   свалил   деревья.      (Он), ветер,  свалил  деревья.&#xA;      └─subj─┘    │     └──obj─┘      └───subj────┘&#xA;                  │        ▲&#xA;                  └────────┘&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;then the second:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;where is&#xA;subject?    SVA                            SVA &#xA; ?? ────────◄─►──┐                      ┌──◄─►─────────┐&#xA;       Ветром  свалило  деревья.      (Оно) ветром свалило деревья.&#xA;                  │    └──obj──┘        │&#xA;                  │        ▲            │&#xA;                  └────────┘         virtual&#xA;                                       subj&#xA;                            ╒═══════════════════════╕&#xA;                               omission of personal &#xA;                             pronoun, but only `Оно`&#xA;                                 does apply here.&#xA;                            ╘═══════════════════════╛&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;We cannot go into the inquiry whether here &lt;code&gt;Оно&lt;/code&gt; belong to mystics or metaphisics, but &lt;strong&gt;semantically&lt;/strong&gt;, and this is allowed by grammar, &lt;strong&gt;there is always be a virtual subject.&lt;/strong&gt; Let us be &quot;unphilosophical&quot; but practical, it just work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And finally, there is a vivid difference in terms of process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;     (Оно)   ветром   свалило   деревья.&#xA;    └──┬──┘ └───┬──┘ └───┬───┘ └───┬───┘&#xA;       │   instrument    │       object&#xA;    subject           process&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;    Ветер   свалил   деревья.&#xA;   └──┬──┘ └───┬──┘ └───┬──┘&#xA;    subject process   object&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is worth looking at &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/8836/5288&quot;&gt;Vasil's answer&lt;/a&gt;, the direction it gives could be used as an additional explanation of the meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-06-03T20:33:06.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8736" CreationDate="2015-06-04T00:13:03.227" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I had to type FreeBSD in Cyrillic, I would use &lt;code&gt;ФриБСД&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;Anyway, &lt;code&gt;ФриБСД&lt;/code&gt; is very rare word in Russian IT world. Usually, it is &lt;code&gt;фряха&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;фря&lt;/code&gt;, or original &lt;code&gt;FreeBSD (freebsd)&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1815" LastActivityDate="2015-06-04T00:13:03.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1734" CreationDate="2015-06-04T05:59:36.513" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Just surplus info.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;‘Genuine’ Russian ‘yes’ spells and is pronounced &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;да&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;As for &lt;code&gt;да&lt;/code&gt; in your question, which is many times described in previous answers, in oral speech there are variants of this word which hardly can be heard (interpreted by ear) as &lt;em&gt;‘yes’-&lt;code&gt;да&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; pronunciational variant. It can be pronounced with a final vowel varying around and resembling something like &lt;em&gt;ы/а/schwa/and-their-shortened-varaints&lt;/em&gt;. (A form “&lt;code&gt;ды нет&lt;/code&gt;” can be found on the Internet.) Some more info is in Andrey Chernyakhovskiy’s comment below.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The phrase in question is really oral and that Russian &lt;code&gt;да нет&lt;/code&gt; does not tend to sound like English &lt;code&gt;*yes no&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;*yeah no&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-06-20T12:57:33.067" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T12:57:33.067" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="94" CreationDate="2015-06-05T04:22:25.190" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sorry – it’s not really an on-topic answer, but about-topic notes.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There’s one thing about &lt;code&gt;голод/голодный&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;жажда/?&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The former are ‘real’ Russian words, i. e. of East Slavic origin. The latter are of Church Slavonic origin. In the depths of language history Church Slavonic passages in Russian speech had been used (strictly) for ‘high style’ texts, i. e. in texts about divine, spiritual things, never about ‘low’ earthly subjects. The difference can be seen in modern&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;голодать&lt;/code&gt; — not to eat (&lt;em&gt;physiologically&lt;/em&gt;),&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;жаждать&lt;/code&gt;  —  to crave (&lt;em&gt;for something unmaterial as a rule&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, both Church Slavonic &lt;code&gt;жажден&lt;/code&gt; and Russian &lt;code&gt;жаден&lt;/code&gt; discontinued to be actual as denoting &lt;em&gt;‘thirsty’&lt;/em&gt; by now. (See Quassnoi’s comment below.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NB. It is just my note concerning… Not a 'warranted' scientific conclusion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;undate&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There’s another difference between &lt;code&gt;голод&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;жажда&lt;/code&gt; (and their derivatives).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;голод&lt;/code&gt; is about &lt;em&gt;deprivation&lt;/em&gt; of something, 'outer' objective situation,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;жажда&lt;/code&gt; is to mean a (strong) &lt;em&gt;want&lt;/em&gt; for something,  'inner' subjective situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though, I have no idea if this difference is related somehow with the previous one and how it could (if could) result in the situation in question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-06-20T12:47:13.583" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T12:47:13.583" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2015-06-08T13:01:16.587" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8829" CreationDate="2015-06-05T09:55:33.000" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both &quot;Деревья свалил ветер&quot; and &quot;Деревья свалило ветром&quot; point at the reason why those trees don't stand anymore. I find no special emphasis on &lt;em&gt;the wind vs. the trees&lt;/em&gt; here: the agent &quot;ветер&quot; takes emphasis in both versions. And without any additional context (like an opposed opinion about that 'reason') neither version expresses a stronger sense like 'It was the wind that kicked the trees down' (Именно ветер свалил деревья). So the difference between those two looks not too sufficient. But still, one can imagine a usage situation where some native speakers would prefer a particular version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;situation one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Why are those trees lying? &#xA;- It was windy last night, so the wind kicked the trees down.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(both Russian versions are possible here, the first one might slightly hint at the rescent windy weather)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;situation 2 (phone talk, letter, etc.):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Are those remarkable trees still alive?&#xA;- Not anymore. The trees were kicked down by the wind.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(the second Russian version is more natural here since some time has passed and there is no reason for mentioning the wind in more realistic manner, as the subject; however the first version wouldn't be a mistake here)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P. S.&lt;/strong&gt; Considerations on usage of different prefixes in that verb: свалило vs. повалило. In both sentences in question I'd prefer &quot;повалил(о)&quot;, probably because the action here is undefined directionally as opposed to сases like &quot;свалило в кучу&quot;, &quot;свалило с ног&quot; (about a person; maybe due to some correlation with the preposition &quot;с&quot; here).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-06-05T12:40:54.987" LastActivityDate="2015-06-05T12:40:54.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="617" CreationDate="2015-06-05T12:35:07.723" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There’s one more way — none, that is without any special word. Works for me.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Just make your speech self-attractive and addressive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А не подскажете…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though initial &lt;code&gt;А&lt;/code&gt; above is also an addressing word, it can be omitted.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Seems not very polite maybe? Universal.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(Вам шашечки или ехать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="7806" LastEditDate="2016-09-19T09:40:44.923" LastActivityDate="2016-09-19T09:40:44.923" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2015-06-05T12:35:07.723" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8843" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8844" CreationDate="2015-06-05T13:55:20.367" Score="7" ViewCount="546" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any Russian word to denote the subject?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Стрелец&lt;/code&gt; in any of its meaning. But a female one, pls.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Potential (correct but not witnessed) words are also welcome.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If no single word is possible… more than a word will do.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Truly, I was sure there was such a word. But where?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;What if the asked word works for &lt;code&gt;стрелок&lt;/code&gt; also?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-06-19T12:36:11.090" LastActivityDate="2015-06-19T12:36:11.090" Title="female “стрелец”?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8843" CreationDate="2015-06-05T14:10:34.070" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to paradigm for words in &lt;em&gt;-ец&lt;/em&gt; (when used to form an agent noun), it's replaced with &lt;em&gt;-ица&lt;/em&gt; in feminine: &lt;em&gt;певец/певица, красавец/красавица, ленивец/ленивица&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So feminine for &lt;em&gt;стрелец&lt;/em&gt; would be &lt;em&gt;стрелица&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is attested in this XVIII century's poem:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но что за красоты сияют&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;С гремящих верха колесниц,&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Что рук искусством превышают&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Диану и ее стрелиц?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В. П. Петров, &amp;quot;На карусель&amp;quot;, 1766&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dahl's dictionary also mentions &lt;em&gt;стрелица&lt;/em&gt; as an alternative name for arrowhead (Sagittariа sagittaefoliа, &lt;em&gt;стрелолист&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-06-08T07:58:28.983" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8843" CreationDate="2015-06-05T14:13:33.307" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is &lt;em&gt;стрельчиха&lt;/em&gt; meaning &quot;the wife of &lt;em&gt;стрелец&lt;/em&gt; [rifleman]&quot;. A woman born as Sagittarius will say that she is &lt;em&gt;стрелец&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastActivityDate="2015-06-05T14:13:33.307" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8843" CreationDate="2015-06-05T14:14:42.220" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Despite the fact that this is not a single word, I believe that &lt;code&gt;женщина-стрелец&lt;/code&gt; meets your needs (in any meaning of &lt;code&gt;стрелец&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2015-06-05T14:14:42.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8588" CreationDate="2015-06-06T12:17:12.587" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;it is not an answer to the question asked, just an illustration related to&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember such a series for &lt;code&gt;дурак&lt;/code&gt; (a fool):  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;дурачок, дурашечка, дурашка&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  There’s even &lt;em&gt;дурачочек&lt;/em&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more important fact illustrated here is that combining such suffixes with a word may involve mutations of a pre-suffix consonant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-06-08T12:00:26.647" LastActivityDate="2015-06-08T12:00:26.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="94" CreationDate="2015-06-06T12:50:36.363" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я обезвожен.&#xA;i.e. My body has lost a lot of water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4920" LastActivityDate="2015-06-06T12:50:36.363" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8843" CreationDate="2015-06-07T05:46:22.403" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;female-стрелец, it is like female-fireman. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other variants that were given — &quot;Стрельчиха&quot;, &quot;Стрелица&quot; — are literally correct but &lt;strong&gt;outdated, and aren't used&lt;/strong&gt;. Use &quot;Она — стрелец&quot;, &quot;Она — стрелок&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;about &quot;Стрельчиха&quot;. It can be used as a some specific kind of humor, when you speak less literate than you can. For example to say Sagittarius about female)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Стрелец — now used only for &quot;Sagittarius&quot;. No other use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Стрелок — any human shooting of a hand weapon (gun, bow, crossbow). No female form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;about &quot;-иха&quot;: врачиха (врач), ткачиха (ткач)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Врач (male) — врачиха (female, incorrect but used, correct: врач). &quot;Врачиха&quot; also may be used to say that a doctor (female) is rather rude and bad manners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5550" LastEditorUserId="5550" LastEditDate="2015-06-07T06:24:46.843" LastActivityDate="2015-06-07T06:24:46.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8843" CreationDate="2015-06-07T07:11:49.820" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Без разбора морфологии мы рискуем получить, ну, скажем так, приличное количество вопросов-калек, подобных этому. Давайте их сгенерируем:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как будет женский род:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;   Косец, дудец, игрец, гребец, братец, мудрец, горец ...?&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Следовательно, заданный в OP вопрос лишь частный, а отвечать следует с позиций более общего случая. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оказывается, что в русском языке&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;суффикс &lt;kbd&gt;-ец&lt;/kbd&gt; характеризует мужской род  &#xA;суффикц &lt;kbd&gt;-иц&lt;/kbd&gt; характеризует женский род&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Словообразующая продуктивная функция выдает такие результаты:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;  Красавец - красавица, молодец - молодица, ленивец - ленивица, ...&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В некоторых случаях продуктивная функция &lt;code&gt;-ец/-иц&lt;/code&gt; генерирует такие слова-пары, которые хотя и правильные синтаксически, но какая-то комплиментарная часть, мужская/женская, не приживается в языке. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;  армеец, партиец, японец, газпромовец ... не получили пару с суффиксом  &quot;-иц&quot;.&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если возникает необходимость именовать компактно, то есть, образовать слово нужно непременно, то включается в работу следующая словообразовательная функция, например, с суффиксом &lt;code&gt;-к&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt; японец-японка, немец-немка, ариец-арийка, ... &lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если и эта функция не срабатывает, например, по критерию благозвучия, берется следующая словообразовательная функция, с продуктивным суффиксом &lt;code&gt;-чих&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt; пловец-пловчиха ...&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Некоторые слова имеют только синтаксис женского рода, напр. &lt;code&gt;умница.&lt;/code&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Какая ты умница&lt;/code&gt; по отношению к мальчику — употребимо.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Само слово &lt;code&gt;умница&lt;/code&gt;, в контексте, потребует синтаксис женского рода для других согласованных с ним определяющих слов. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом, ответ заключается в выборе синтаксической функции словообразования, которые в русском языке хорошо известны. Прижилось ли слово &lt;code&gt;стрелица&lt;/code&gt; в русском? -- очевидно, нет. Вопрос, почему, это наверное, целое исследование.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-06-07T07:11:49.820" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8852" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1917" CreationDate="2015-06-08T06:50:45.237" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Медведь - бурый. Так   его называли. Отсюда бер в значении бурый.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5577" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-06-08T07:42:25.423" LastActivityDate="2015-06-08T07:42:25.423" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8853" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8859" CreationDate="2015-06-08T22:56:06.070" Score="3" ViewCount="263" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the dictionaries, all three of these verbs mean &lt;strong&gt;to come to terms with a situation or fact&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;to resign oneself to something inevitable&lt;/strong&gt;. Are they interchangeable or are there any important nuances to be aware of?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T08:12:08.223" Title="Difference between мириться, смириться и примириться с чем-либо" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8854" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8883" CreationDate="2015-06-08T23:59:51.520" Score="5" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a lyric that goes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;ты подели небо поровну&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;подели&lt;/strong&gt; in this context? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could I use &lt;strong&gt;дели&lt;/strong&gt; and would it change the meaning? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can I use this form with &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;мы&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;он&lt;/strong&gt;, etc? And can I use other verbs in this way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd love to know the English equivalent of this sentence so I can properly understand the use of the imperative in this context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that people use the imperative form as a command like &quot;listen&quot; or &quot;take off your coat&quot;, and as far as I understand &quot;подели&quot; on its own could be used as a command to say &quot;divide&quot; (correct me if I'm mistaken here).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when used with &quot;ты&quot; like in &quot;ты подели небо поровну&quot;, I'm not sure of the English equivalent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5572" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-17T11:21:49.623" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T11:21:49.623" Title="Use of the imperative form подели" Tags="&lt;вид&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;imperative&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8854" CreationDate="2015-06-09T04:21:30.053" Score="3" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;дели небо поровну  &#xA;-----------------&#xA;    время:          сейчас/завтра;          &#xA;    как:            как обычно / как всегда / как прежде, не один раз;           &#xA;    совершенность:  кто говорит, не знает, завершится процесс &quot;делить&quot; или нет;&#xA;    длительность:   от мгновения до бесконечности;    &#xA;    результат:      никто не заботится о результате процесса &quot;делить&quot;;          &#xA;&#xA;    &lt;b&gt;= начинай!&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;подели небо поровну &#xA;-------------------&#xA;    время:          сейчас/завтра;&#xA;    как:            предполагают, ты знаешь/умеешь &quot;делить&quot; вообще, и &quot;поровну&quot;;&#xA;    совершенность:  предполагают, что процесс &quot;делить&quot; завершится (удачей/неудачей);&#xA;    длительность:   от мгновения до конечного интервала;&#xA;    результат:      нужен; =&gt; процесс &quot;делить&quot; должен/обязан завершиться; &#xA;&#xA;    &lt;b&gt;= начни, и закончи!&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be seen in other verbs as well, examples with a context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=random&amp;amp;out=normal&amp;amp;dpp=30&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;seed=27131&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=&amp;amp;gramm1=V%2C(imper%7Cimper2)&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=5&amp;amp;lex2=%EF%EE%F0%EE%E2%ED%F3&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;VERB_imperative + ... + поровну&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;out=normal&amp;amp;dpp=30&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;seed=22537&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=&amp;amp;gramm1=V&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=8&amp;amp;lex2=%EF%EE%F0%EE%E2%ED%F3&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;lang=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;noun/pronoun + ... + verb + ... + поровну&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't use &lt;code&gt;я, мы, он + делить_imper:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rifmovnik.ru/find&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://rifmovnik.ru/find&lt;/a&gt; &gt; словоформы &gt; &quot;делить&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;credit: @CocoPop&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;пвл,2л&#xA;ед  дели&#xA;мн  делите&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;    &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't use &lt;code&gt;я, он + поделить_imper:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rifmovnik.ru/find&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://rifmovnik.ru/find&lt;/a&gt; &gt; словоформы &gt; &quot;поделить&quot;     &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;пвл&#xA;2л,ед   подели&#xA;2л,мн   поделите&#xA;1л,мн   поделим&#xA;1л,мн   поделимте&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-06-10T06:42:14.617" LastActivityDate="2015-06-10T06:42:14.617" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8853" CreationDate="2015-06-09T06:47:21.230" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;мириться с чем-либо&quot;&#xA;временно быть согласным на существование чего-либо, но иметь надежду на изменение ситуации в будущем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;смириться с чем-либо&quot;&#xA;признать существование чего-либо как неизбежного факта без надежды на изменение в будущем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;примириться с чем-либо&quot;&#xA;полностью признать что-либо, принять другую точку зрения, быть согласным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4920" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-06-09T12:15:34.343" LastActivityDate="2015-06-09T12:15:34.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8853" CreationDate="2015-06-09T12:52:36.913" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Смиряться&lt;/em&gt; (meaning &quot;come to terms with&quot;) is a Slavonicism which started to replace &lt;em&gt;примиряться&lt;/em&gt; after 1940's.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qpHPx.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was occasionally used in Russian before 1940's (18 entries in the corpus against 669 for &lt;em&gt;примиряться&lt;/em&gt;) but almost completely replaced &lt;em&gt;примиряться&lt;/em&gt; by now in this meaning. Right now, &lt;em&gt;примиряться&lt;/em&gt; mostly used in the meaning of &quot;reconcile&quot;, with animate objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before 1940's, &lt;em&gt;смиряться&lt;/em&gt; was used mostly as an intransitive verb meaning to &quot;to humble oneself&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Church Slavonic, on the other hand, used transitive &lt;em&gt;смиряться&lt;/em&gt; extensively, meaning both &quot;to come in terms with&quot; and &quot;to reconcile&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This passage from Elizabeth Bible in Church Slavonic:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Аще ли же разлучится, да пребываетъ безбрачна, или да смирится съ мужемъ своимъ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;reads in Synodal Russian translation as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если же разведётся, то должна оставаться безбрачною, или примириться с мужем своим&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-06-09T12:58:59.253" LastActivityDate="2015-06-09T12:58:59.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8853" CreationDate="2015-06-09T14:19:09.783" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;мириться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;em&gt;imperfective&lt;/em&gt;, (1) to get to peace or (2) to suffer, tolerate something that one does not have an opportunity to change/meliorate  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;for the latter meaning: &lt;code&gt;*Он мирился с отсутствием горячей воды, но не с хамством уборщицы.&lt;/code&gt; You can use &lt;code&gt;терпеть + Accusative&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;мириться с + Instrumental&lt;/code&gt; here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;смириться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt;, to stop fighting or resisting something, to refuse trying to change something, to get conformed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;смириться со своим положением&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      &lt;code&gt;смириться со своим поражением&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;      BTW, &lt;code&gt;смирение&lt;/code&gt; (humility)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;примириться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt;, to get to reconciliation, on more equal terms with an opposing part than as with &lt;code&gt;смириться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;смириться&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;примириться&lt;/code&gt; may be opposed (with some exaggeration) as &lt;em&gt;to surrender / to find the way to deal with&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;see also Quassnoi’s answer&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-06-11T08:12:08.223" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T08:12:08.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8860" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8861" CreationDate="2015-06-10T05:50:49.800" Score="4" ViewCount="352" Body="&lt;p&gt;At least according to some native speakers...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(since &lt;strong&gt;время&lt;/strong&gt; is neuter).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &lt;strong&gt;&quot;в современное время&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; considered to be the prepositional case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5584" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T09:49:58.400" Title="Why &quot;в современное время&quot; and not &quot;в современном времени&quot;?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8860" CreationDate="2015-06-10T08:59:17.010" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it's accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В + acc.&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;at a certain time period&quot;: &lt;em&gt;в войну, в перестройку&lt;/em&gt; &quot;during the war, during the perestroika&quot;, or &quot;once in a certain time period&quot;: &lt;em&gt;три раза в час&lt;/em&gt; &quot;three times per hour&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the modern language the first construct is replaced with &lt;em&gt;в +  prep.&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;на + prep.&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;inst.&lt;/em&gt; with several words: &lt;em&gt;в году, на неделе, осенью&lt;/em&gt;. You have to learn the usage for each word, same as you have learn to use different prepositions for &quot;in the summer, on Friday, at seven o'clock&quot; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В год, в неделю, в осень&lt;/em&gt; are still valid, though they sound archaic, unless they have a non-agreeing modifier: &lt;em&gt;в прошлом году&lt;/em&gt; but &lt;em&gt;в год Дракона&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-06-14T09:49:58.400" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T09:49:58.400" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8860" CreationDate="2015-06-10T10:26:26.357" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вопрос содержит ложную дихотомию. Ответ должен это учитывать. &#xA;Как вообще такой вопрос  мог возникнуть? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Дано три слова &lt;kbd&gt;в&lt;/kbd&gt;, &lt;kbd&gt;современный&lt;/kbd&gt;, &lt;kbd&gt;время&lt;/kbd&gt;. Необходимо построить согласованное сочетание слов в предложном падеже. Некто получил два варианта, &lt;strong&gt;Z&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;Y&lt;/strong&gt;. Естественно, у него возникли два правомерных вопроса:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;а) они взаимозаменяемы? и&lt;br&gt;&#xA;б) тот вопрос-дихотомия, который и оказался в OP: &lt;em&gt;Why &lt;strong&gt;Z&lt;/strong&gt; and not &lt;strong&gt;Y&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Далее еще хуже. Наш Некто не увидел, что он получил сочетания слов в двух разных падежах &lt;strong&gt;Z&lt;/strong&gt;=acc и &lt;strong&gt;Y&lt;/strong&gt;=prep, и он заключает, основываясь на ложном положении о существовании одновременно &lt;strong&gt;Z&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;Y&lt;/strong&gt;, как различных форм в одном падеже (т.е. основываясь на противоречии), что между &lt;strong&gt;Z&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;Y&lt;/strong&gt; можно произвольно выбирать. Скажем, только &lt;strong&gt;Y&lt;/strong&gt;. Или наоборот. Причина для такого произвола? Ну, возможно, такая: это не звучит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Анализируя далeе, как такая ошибка вообще могла возникнуть, в самом начале, в пункте &lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt;, можно прийти к выводу, что и для генерации грамматики, и для проверки эквивалентности ее результатов, а именно &lt;strong&gt;Z&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;Y&lt;/strong&gt;, был использован неподходящий метод, например, постановка какого-то вопроса. Скорее всего, &lt;code&gt;В ком?/в чем?&lt;/code&gt;, или, что намного хуже, &lt;code&gt;когда?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чтобы избежать тавтологии,  мы далее заменим прилагательное в условии пункта &lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;kbd&gt;в&lt;/kbd&gt;, &lt;kbd&gt;прошлый&lt;/kbd&gt;, &lt;kbd&gt;время&lt;/kbd&gt;. Итак, наш Некто получил два варианта: &lt;strong&gt;Z&lt;/strong&gt;=&quot;в прошлое время&quot; и &lt;strong&gt;Y&lt;/strong&gt;=&quot;в прошлом времени&quot;. Далее, наш Некто не сумел различить их вопросом &lt;code&gt;в ком?/в чем?&lt;/code&gt;, заключив, что оба стоят в одном предложном падеже. А если их нельзя различить, то их можно заменять. Очевидно, что наш Некто полагался на свой собственный слух или чутьё, вместо знания жёсткой грамматики. У взрослых людей это бывает среди эмигрантов, лет через пять у них притупляется чувство родного языка, это заметно при разговоре с ними. У них появляются ошибки в речи и на письме. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В ответах &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/8861/5288&quot;&gt;эту дихотомию даже поддержали&lt;/a&gt;, что дескать, &lt;code&gt;в + Noun_acc.&lt;/code&gt; можно заменить(!) на &lt;code&gt;в + Noun_prep&lt;/code&gt;. Это сопровождается примером, что такой заменой стали бы сочетания слов &lt;code&gt;&quot;в прошлый год&quot; &amp;lt;=&amp;gt; &quot;в прошлом году&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;&quot;в прошлую неделю&quot; &amp;lt;=&amp;gt; &quot;на прошлой неделе&quot;.&lt;/code&gt; Основанием для выбора было предложено взять категории архаичности, или устарелости. Правда, там не приводилось содержательных примеров полных предложений, с заменой винительного падежа на предложный, так что это утверждение осталось бессодержательным. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я утверждаю, в русском языке такая замена невозможна. Поэтому здесь ложная дихотомия. Трудно представить, что такой язык вообще существует, в котором возможно в предложении грамматически выделенный &quot;объект&quot; заменить на грамматически выделенное &quot;место действия&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для желающих попробовать заменить  Винительный на Предложный в предложении, вот пример:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Я капнул три капли в стеклянный стакан.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Сочетание слов в предложном падеже: &lt;em&gt;&quot;в стеклянном стакане&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ниже, на простом примере показано, как работает грамматическая связь в русском языке. И почему вопрос &lt;em&gt;&quot;Why &lt;strong&gt;Z&lt;/strong&gt; and not &lt;strong&gt;Y&lt;/strong&gt;?&quot;&lt;/em&gt; является ложной дихотомией. Оба, &lt;strong&gt;Z&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;Y&lt;/strong&gt;, правильны, сочетаются в разных падежах, и не взаимозаменяемы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;we shall consider examples&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA; ... потому что, потеряв веру в современное общество, ...&#xA;            ...  потеряв себя в современном обществе, ... &#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have to get rid of these examples: &lt;em&gt;временное время, общественное общество, столичная столица, водочная водка, ...&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here we have a direct object (i.e. in the accusative case):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;            &#xA;потеряв веру, в кого? / во что? &lt;b&gt;Answer is in the Acc.&lt;/b&gt;   &#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here we have the place where the action is performed, for which reason it is prepositional case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt; потеряв себя, в ком?  / в чем?  &lt;b&gt;Answer is in the Prep.&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the answer is:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;both cases are completely compatible with the Russian grammar. &lt;em&gt;Общество, время, эпоха, интервал, мгновение ...&lt;/em&gt;, it doesn't matter, what a noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It wasn't hard to find examples of how to use this interesting word &lt;code&gt;время&lt;/code&gt; )) in the prepositional case, just look at phrases&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.ru/search?num=30&amp;amp;biw=1278&amp;amp;bih=715&amp;amp;tbm=bks&amp;amp;q=%22%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%22&amp;amp;oq=%22%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;в античном времени&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.ru/search?num=30&amp;amp;biw=1278&amp;amp;bih=715&amp;amp;tbm=bks&amp;amp;q=%22%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%22&amp;amp;oq=%22%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%22#newwindow=1&amp;amp;tbm=bks&amp;amp;q=%22%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;в прошлом времени&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T07:11:07.523" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8860" CreationDate="2015-06-10T12:15:11.677" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a standard pattern for time attribution:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;в/во ... время&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;accusative&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  where &lt;code&gt;...&lt;/code&gt; can be: &lt;code&gt;то, его, своё, всякое, военное, тёплое,..&lt;/code&gt; (i. e. 'determiners' (possessives), adjectives)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Also in plural: &lt;code&gt;в/во ... времена&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems obvious (though I cannot know really 'why', it should be questioned those who speak so) this pattern is awkwardly used with &lt;code&gt;современный&lt;/code&gt;. (It looks unRussian really to me.) If one wants to use &lt;code&gt;современный&lt;/code&gt; for time attribution it’d be better to say &lt;code&gt;в современную эпоху&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в современности&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в современный исторический момент&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в современном мире&lt;/code&gt; what is generally not colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Concerning &lt;strong&gt;the prepositional case&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I can remember now just two cases when I could expect the use of &lt;code&gt;&quot;в/во ... времени&quot;&lt;/code&gt; construction &lt;em&gt;for indicating 'when'&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;kbd&gt;(But, &lt;em&gt;I suppose&lt;/em&gt;, in that construction 'time' is better interpreted as a medium, space, that is really &lt;em&gt;'&lt;strong&gt;where&lt;/strong&gt; in time'&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;code&gt;в пространстве-времени&lt;/code&gt; &lt;em&gt;(in space-time)&lt;/em&gt;.)&lt;/kbd&gt; The cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;grammatical: &lt;code&gt;в настоящем/прошлом/будущем времени&lt;/code&gt;,  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;epochal: &lt;code&gt;‘В каком времени ты живёшь?’&lt;/code&gt; &lt;em&gt;(What is a time realm you are dwelling in?)&lt;/em&gt; where &lt;code&gt;‘В&lt;/code&gt;&lt;del&gt;&lt;code&gt;современном&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;code&gt;настоящем [времени]’&lt;/code&gt; could be an answer,&lt;br&gt;&#xA; &lt;code&gt;в том времени&lt;/code&gt; referring to, e. g., &lt;code&gt;во времена ГУЛАГа&lt;/code&gt; &lt;em&gt;(in the era of the GULAG)&lt;/em&gt;…&lt;br&gt;&#xA; (i. e. ‘time’ conceived as the time of a different world)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed I don’t have an opportunity to investigate the question and can miss something here. Though hopefully it’s enough for your 'why'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-06-11T07:17:27.010" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T07:17:27.010" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8860" CreationDate="2015-06-10T13:00:09.113" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both variants are incorrect: со&lt;strong&gt;врем&lt;/strong&gt;енное &lt;strong&gt;врем&lt;/strong&gt;я :tautology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;correctly: &quot;в современности&quot;, &quot;в н&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt;нешнее время&quot;, &quot;н&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt;не&quot; (outdated), &quot;сейч&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;с&quot; (&quot;nowdays&quot;), &quot;в тек&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;щее время&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в [неком] времени - means some not real time period, not applicable to your actual environment (do ya need some philosophy?). some abstracted period, out of this time, may be parallel time. not current period, even you say &quot;в этом времени&quot; means &quot;this time line&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в настоящем времени, в будущем времени, в прошедшем времени - grammar (not real, abstraction)&#xA;&lt;br&gt;в мое время - means some period from my past (when the speaker was as young as listener is).&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; моем &lt;strong&gt;времени&lt;/strong&gt; - points to my time line (to my life period when it is actual), when two men from a different time met each other, and one of them say this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wonderful question))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5550" LastEditorUserId="5550" LastEditDate="2015-06-10T13:06:46.193" LastActivityDate="2015-06-10T13:06:46.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8865" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8860" CreationDate="2015-06-10T13:15:49.967" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While people have pointed you that &lt;em&gt;современное время&lt;/em&gt; is a tautology, I will avoid this issue and concentrate on the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;в современное время&lt;/em&gt; : currently, nowadays&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;в современном времени&lt;/em&gt; : inside the current time. Well, maybe it is from a sci-fi fiction about a time machine and time branches?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-06-10T13:35:32.213" LastActivityDate="2015-06-10T13:35:32.213" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7261" CreationDate="2015-06-10T17:56:12.670" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ukrainian is very close to Russian, and here, we say [ko'rova] and [molo'ko] without any problems. We don't unstress at least o-syllables in any way. You can also find such pronunciation in a lot of Russian dialects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5585" LastActivityDate="2015-06-10T17:56:12.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8867" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8880" CreationDate="2015-06-10T19:26:05.443" Score="4" ViewCount="261" Body="&lt;p&gt;У меня нет хороших словарей. Поэтому ищу:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;русско-польский и польско-русский (или, если не найдутся такие, тогда по крайней мере русско-английский и англо-русский)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;русско-русский (толковый)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;словари. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я знаю, что существует много таких словарей. Но их так много, что мне очень сложно выбрать один или два из них.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, для польского языка есть словарь PWN, он самый популярный и другие едва ли используются. Для немецкого зато есть два словаря, которыми обычно пользуются - Duden (основный источник) и LDaF (толковый словарь для иностранцев). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я учу русский язык 2 года, а мой родной язык - польский.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какой именно словарь, по-вашему, был бы лучшим из всех? Не могли бы вы мне что-нибудь подсказать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-06-11T09:16:25.160" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T12:57:49.683" Title="Словари русского языка" Tags="&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-10-18T13:06:00.377" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8868" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8870" CreationDate="2015-06-11T01:47:40.050" Score="2" ViewCount="131" Body="&lt;p&gt;What expression do you use to say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do not inflict any serious injury to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be the same as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't hurt me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, what I would like to say is not &#xA;some thing like,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stop poking me. It hurts. Stop hurting me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But rather, in situations like I am being mugged in the corner of the street.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see you have got a barbed club and a knife. You are mugging me. &#xA;I will give you my money but&#xA;Don't hurt me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5576" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T05:57:02.437" Title="Do not inflict any serious injury to me" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8868" CreationDate="2015-06-11T04:58:12.133" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the closest translation would be &lt;em&gt;не причиняй мне вреда&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;не делай мне вреда&lt;/em&gt;, though it sounds kinda too legalese for a situation like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One would rather use &lt;em&gt;не бей меня&lt;/em&gt; &quot;don't hit me&quot;, &lt;em&gt;не режь меня&lt;/em&gt; &quot;don't stab me&quot;, &lt;em&gt;не трогай меня&lt;/em&gt; &quot;don't touch me&quot; or &lt;em&gt;ничего мне не делай&lt;/em&gt; &quot;don't do anything (bad) to me&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T04:58:12.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8868" CreationDate="2015-06-11T05:57:02.437" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mugging&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;Не бейте меня.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;Не бейте меня, я отдам вам деньги. / Я отдам вам деньги, [только] не бейте меня.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;Не бейте меня, я отдам вам то, что вам нужно.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;Не бейте меня, я отдам вам то, что вы хотите.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;Не бейте меня, я отдам вам куртку (камеру, фотоаппарат).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;that is all, other is redundant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In the school&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;Хватит тыкать меня. Больно же!&#xA;&lt;br&gt;Хватит тыкать меня ручкой (линейкой, циркулем).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5550" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T05:57:02.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8757" CreationDate="2015-06-11T10:03:00.827" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Someone should mention it.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There is a kind of a standard dictionary:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%90._%D0%90._%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;А. А. Зализняк, «Грамматический словарь русского языка»&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(A Dictionary of Russian Grammar by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Zaliznyak&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Zaliznyak&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rifmovnik.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;rifmovnik.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; definitely has it as a base and is much more convenient to use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Briefly: assumably a full formalised paradigm of the Russian conjugation and declension put in template tables and the system of labels. Every word in the Dictionary has such labels as a pointer to the necessary template(s) and to special notes needed to yield the resulting table of conjugation/declension for the word.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is seemingly a basis of all on/off-line grammar tools and tables but in its 'raw' paper format this great dict can be a challenge and takes time to get an answer for a single word. Though for groups of words it can be of better help…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T10:03:00.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8867" CreationDate="2015-06-11T11:09:32.393" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(словари, которые мне когда-то понравились; неспецифические, общей лексики)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Русско-русские&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Ефремова, Т. Ф.&lt;/em&gt; Новый словарь русского языка. Толково-словообразовательный.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;В интернете также фигурируют названия: «Новый толково-словообразовательный словарь [русского языка]» &lt;em&gt;под редакцией (п/р) Ефремовой&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Всё-таки не могу не упомянуть словарь Даля («Толковый словарь живого великорусского языка»), но я не считаю его хорошим подспорьем для тех, кто учит современный, недиалектный русский язык.)&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Англо-русские&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Новый большой англо-русский словарь (НБАРС), &lt;em&gt;под редакцией Ю. Д. Aпpeсяна&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;В бумажном виде — трёхтомник. Как я догадываюсь, был использован для некоторых словарей LINGVO, но вот эти &quot;дериваты&quot; я ни в коем случае не рекомендую.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Англо-русский словарь &lt;em&gt;Мюллера&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Куда меньше по объёму (однотомник), но просто замечательный. Я пользовался, кажется, 22-м изданием (~1989 г.) и о качестве изданий последующих десятилетий судить не могу, но &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87#.D0.9F.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.B2.D0.B4.D0.BE-.D0.BC.D1.8E.D0.BB.D0.BB.D0.B5.D1.80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Википедия предупреждает&lt;/a&gt;, что с ними не все ОК.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-06-11T18:16:13.733" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T18:16:13.733" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-10-18T13:06:00.377" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="765" CreationDate="2015-06-11T11:37:54.017" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;А. Ю. Кудрявцев, Г. Д. Куропаткин&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Англо-русский словарь-справочник табуизированной лексики и эвфемизмов / ABC of Dirty English.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Москва, «КОМПТ», 1993&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It includes lists of words related to some general 'topic', e. g. ‘DAMN(ED)’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a newer edition with a title which differs a little.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-06-11T11:55:12.750" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T11:55:12.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8874" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8875" CreationDate="2015-06-11T11:46:43.147" Score="2" ViewCount="316" Body="&lt;p&gt;Someone commented on a song I put on the internet with the Russian phrase &lt;code&gt;биточки ваще кайф&lt;/code&gt;, which to me looks like she's telling me that at this point in the (may I point out, instrumental) track there's some sort of Russian meat &lt;a href=&quot;https://marinaskitchen.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/dsc00711-copy1.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;cutlet/chops/meatballs&lt;/a&gt; that finally kicks in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this context, what could this phrase possibly mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1722" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-06-11T12:56:53.023" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T12:56:53.023" Title="&quot;биточки ваще кайф&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;музыка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8874" CreationDate="2015-06-11T12:55:46.967" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess that this &quot;биточки&quot; here is musical slang word, derived from English &quot;beat&quot; (it can be written in Russian as &quot;бит&quot; - compare &quot;Beatles&quot; and &quot;Битлз&quot; for instance). Here's how a &lt;a href=&quot;http://sample-create.ru/semply/bity&quot;&gt;site&lt;/a&gt; dedicated to musical samples defines the word бит:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Биты - это ударные партии задающие ритм вашему треку или композиции. Вы можете скачать уже готовые сэмплы битов или сделать их при помощи драм машины или на виртуальном синтезаторе (VST). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the phrase is actually praises the beat(s) of your song: &quot;The beats are cool!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T12:55:46.967" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8876" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8879" CreationDate="2015-06-11T14:23:01.370" Score="10" ViewCount="1033" Body="&lt;p&gt;Викисловарь говорит:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;бунтарь&lt;/strong&gt;: 1. подстрекатель или участник бунта&#xA;  2. &lt;em&gt;перен.&lt;/em&gt; тот, кто протестует, борется против чего-либо; непокорный человек&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;бунтовщик&lt;/strong&gt;: подстрекатель или участник бунта&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;мятежник&lt;/strong&gt;: участник мятежа, бунтовщик&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли разница между этими словами?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-06-11T14:28:49.037" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T20:38:39.187" Title="Разница между словами &quot;бунтарь&quot;, &quot;мятежник&quot; и &quot;бунтовщик&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8876" CreationDate="2015-06-11T14:51:32.217" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are roughly the same, the differences are very vague if any.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мятеж&lt;/em&gt; is more focused on the goal (overthrowing the authority) and as such is used in legalese, &lt;em&gt;бунт&lt;/em&gt; is more about the process itself. The difference is roughly the same as that between &quot;rebellion&quot; and &quot;riot&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Star Wars' rebels are &lt;em&gt;мятежники&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;повстанцы&lt;/em&gt;), &quot;Rebel without a Cause&quot; is &lt;em&gt;Бунтарь без цели&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Бунтарь&lt;/em&gt;, as your dictionary mentions, can be used figuratively:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Можно быть великим бунтарем для всего мира, как Ибсен, а жить в мещанской обстановке, так что никто из ближайших соседей и не узнает, что жил тут великий бунтарь. // &lt;em&gt;М. М. Пришвин. Дневники (1918)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, &lt;em&gt;бунтовщик&lt;/em&gt; would be less appropriate here (though still could be used).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T14:51:32.217" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8876" CreationDate="2015-06-11T15:01:29.907" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Бунтарь&quot; обычно употребляется только в переносном смысле. &quot;Бунтовщик&quot; - только в прямом (участник бунта).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разница между &quot;мятеж/мятежник&quot; и &quot;бунт/бунтовщик&quot; довольно условная, т.к. эти слова употребляются чаще всего в историческом контексте, и соответственно, мы просто следуем традиции: &quot;медный бунт&quot;, &quot;мятеж чехословацкого корпуса&quot; и пр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T15:01:29.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8876" CreationDate="2015-06-11T17:12:49.220" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Бунт - это стихийное восстание, акция неповиновения. Как правило, при бунте нет явных лидеров и чётких целей. Люди участвующие в бунте - &lt;strong&gt;бунтовщики&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мятеж - это &lt;strong&gt;вооружённое&lt;/strong&gt; восстание против властей. Чаще всего у мятежа есть лидеры и какая-то программа действий. Люди, участвующие в мятеже - &lt;strong&gt;мятежники&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бунтарь&lt;/strong&gt; - это человек, склонный к бунту, но не обязательно в нём участвовавший, участвующий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastEditorUserId="5405" LastEditDate="2015-06-11T19:37:35.543" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T19:37:35.543" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8867" CreationDate="2015-06-11T19:34:02.763" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Наиболее популярным в России толковым словарём сейчас является &lt;strong&gt;Большой толковый словарь&lt;/strong&gt; под ред. Кузнецова. Связано это прежде всего с тем, что именно он представлен на портале &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Грамота.ру&lt;/a&gt;, который является самым авторитетным порталом по проверке орфографии и чаще всего обновляется. Также хороши словари под редакций &lt;strong&gt;Ефремовой&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;Ожегова, Шведовой&lt;/strong&gt;. Словари Ушакова и тем более Даля лучше не использовать, так как они подустарели.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается словарей, то ничего конкретного подсказать не могу, потому что польским особо не увлекался (смысл текста и без словаря понятен, а большее мне было не нужно). Единственное, что могу подсказать, что английский не очень удачный язык посредник между польским и русским, так граматика очень несхожа. Посредниками могли бы быть украинский или белорусский (по сути они и возникли как смесь древнерусского и польского). Польско-русские словари с аннотациями можно посмотреть по &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.orange-books.net/polskii_jazyk_slovari/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ссылке&lt;/a&gt;. Не сочтите за рекламу, этим сайтом не пользовался, ни рекомендовать ни ругать его не могу, но словари там приведены.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T19:34:02.763" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-10-18T13:06:00.377" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8876" CreationDate="2015-06-11T20:38:39.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Бунтарь&lt;/code&gt; часто употребляется для описания характера человека, как синоним &lt;code&gt;спонтанный&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;не признающий условностей или правил&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;провокатор&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;Бунтовщики&lt;/code&gt; больше подходит для описания группы действительно бунтующих людей, нежели &lt;code&gt;бунтари&lt;/code&gt;: второе отражает больше их нрав, нежели конкретную деятельность в некоторый период времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5589" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T20:38:39.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="94" CreationDate="2015-06-11T21:24:42.700" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there an adjective in Russian that means thirsty?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are phrase depending on context and style. But the adjective in one word I can't find out.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Когда обыватель сообщает кому-то свою потребность в воде в обычной речи: (с акцентом или метафорой) &lt;code&gt;Жажда одолела.&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Жажда замучила.&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Пить хочу.&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Сушняк замучал.&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;Сушняк!&lt;/code&gt;; (когда что-то препятствует) &lt;code&gt;Попить бы.&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Пить хочется.&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;Сейчас бы воды.&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Описание  от третьего лица чьего-то желания напиться воды: (лит.) &lt;code&gt;Он жаждал воды.&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Томимый жаждой, он ...&lt;/code&gt;(склонился над ручьём, напр.), &lt;code&gt;Замученный жаждой, он...&lt;/code&gt; (не мог отказать кому-то, напр.), &lt;code&gt;Он испытывал сильную жажду.&lt;/code&gt;; (в обычном разговоре) &lt;code&gt;Он пить хочет.&lt;/code&gt; (воды); (с акцентом и/или метафорой) &lt;code&gt;Его жажда замучила.&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;При описании состояния организма от третьего лица в экстремальной ситуации: &lt;code&gt;Он сильно обезвожен.&lt;/code&gt; (потому что долго не пил). Не путать это &lt;code&gt;обезвожен&lt;/code&gt; с &lt;code&gt;dehydrated&lt;/code&gt;, описывающее результат воздействия на материал (в научном контексте), хотя в обоих случаях речь о сильно пониженном содержании воды по сравнению с нормой.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5589" LastActivityDate="2015-06-11T21:24:42.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8883" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8854" CreationDate="2015-06-12T00:49:59.220" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;дели&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;подели&lt;/code&gt; would certainly change the meaning — from a single, completed action to either a repeated one, or prolonged and not necessarily completed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt; with an imperative form is poetic licence, mostly used in songs and generally shunned by &quot;serious&quot; poets and songwriters. Which particular verb it's used with is of no real significance. It also works with &lt;code&gt;вы&lt;/code&gt; (the plural one, not the formal one; that is to say, a formal &lt;code&gt;Вы поделите небо поровну&lt;/code&gt; is theoretically possible but a kind of stylistic oxymoron.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two other, one might say unrelated, usages &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;вы&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; plural and formal this time) with imperative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Note: for the purposes of this comment, I won't dwell on those technical imperatives that aren't imperative at all, and can be used with any pronoun, or noun for that matter — such as &lt;code&gt;знай я заранее&lt;/code&gt; &quot;had I known beforehand&quot; or the surprise-conveying &lt;code&gt;а он и упади&lt;/code&gt;. To keep this from getting too long, let's just note that they also exist.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as I said, there are two more &quot;shades&quot; of imperative that take a second-person pronoun. Both are colloquial. The first one has the tone of a suggestion that's either mildly insistent or novel within the context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ты не думай, я не шпион.&lt;/code&gt; &quot;Now, don't think I'm a spy or something.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вы расскажите всё как было, вас там привлечь не за что.&lt;/code&gt; &quot;Tell everything as it happened, there's nothing there to prosecute you for.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ты ему лучше зёрен насыпь, у хомяков от печенья диабет бывает.&lt;/code&gt; &quot;Perhaps you should better give it some cereals; cookies can give hamsters diabetes.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second usage, the pronoun is placed strictly &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; the imperative, almost as if it were an emphatic particle such as &lt;code&gt;же&lt;/code&gt;. It conveys impatience or annoyance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Оставьте вы меня в покое!&lt;/code&gt; &quot;Leave me alone already!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or the iconic &lt;code&gt;Иди ты [...]!&lt;/code&gt; &quot;Go to [&lt;em&gt;one of a wide choice of established destinations of various degrees of profanity&lt;/em&gt;]!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-06-12T00:49:59.220" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8854" CreationDate="2015-06-13T08:01:07.510" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This answer will be given to the second part of the OP question, specifically for the English native speakers, as opposite to the languages Latin, Russian, etc., with &lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;eclension and &lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;onjugation including all forms of the reflexive and personal pronoun (let's call it the &lt;i&gt;DC-&lt;/i&gt;language).  This is the standard and often repeating confusion regards of the question &quot;&lt;strong&gt;why is no subject-pronoun used in that sentence?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is not always the case when two subjects does correspond to given two pronouns and one verb.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Quick Example 1:&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;  And... um... he, he was standing there. &#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have we two subjects for given verb &quot;be&quot; there, or have we none? Have we any subject at all? Yes, we have. Is it the first or second one? If the second pronoun is the subject, what is the precise role and functions of the remaining one? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the DC-language, there is no grammatical need for a related subject pronoun, if a form of a given verb has such grammatical properties reflected in the morphology of the verb, that it unambiguously pointed out at the unique pronoun. Hence the two examples were given by me: &lt;code&gt;&quot;Подели небо поровну&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, instead of &lt;code&gt;&quot;Ты подели небо поровну&quot;.&lt;/code&gt; The pronoun &quot;Ты&quot; is completely unnecessary, from the grammatically point of view.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Quick Example 2:&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;  I am not going to give myself up.&#xA;             Не дамся.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the DC-language, &quot;where is it&quot; and &quot;who is the subject&quot;, what tense, perfectiveness, and other grammatical values can be packed tightly, fulfilled, literally, in one word.  So, in the DC-language, when reader has received this information expressed in an extra word, this word is to become for him the amplification particle. In English, it is &quot;um... he, ...&quot; from the example 1. As a vivid example in Russian, look at the phrase &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1734/what-does-the-phrase-%d0%94%d0%b0-%d0%bd%d0%b5%d1%82-mean&quot;&gt;&quot;да нет&quot;, where  'да' is not 'yes' but an unstressed particle emphasizing 'нет'&lt;/a&gt;. What a meaning speaker is amplifying, depends on the context. &lt;code&gt;&quot;Я не дамся&quot;&lt;/code&gt; is emphasizing, in the DC-language, that it is namely Me, not You. &lt;code&gt;&quot;Ты подели небо&quot;&lt;/code&gt; give us the same additional point, namely You, not Me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is nothing specifically related to the lyrics domain. It's everyday usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-06-13T08:01:07.510" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8886" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8921" CreationDate="2015-06-13T10:47:05.833" Score="7" ViewCount="297" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was searching for the ways to use this expression in Russian.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I couldn't find any Russian expression so I had to use Google translate.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I don't know if these sound natural or if these are what Russians would say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Don't let it ruin your day.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Не позволяйте испортить вам день.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Don't let her ruin your day.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Не давайте ей испортить вам день.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do they sound natural ?   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could I say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не позволяйте ей испортить вам день.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if none of the above expressions is natural, what expression can I use ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, is it a general rule to use the perfective aspect after &lt;strong&gt;позволяйте&lt;/strong&gt; ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5576" LastEditorUserId="5576" LastEditDate="2015-06-13T12:30:03.093" LastActivityDate="2015-06-18T14:43:56.877" Title="Don't let it/her ruin your day" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8887" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8886" CreationDate="2015-06-13T11:07:14.103" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dative &lt;em&gt;вам&lt;/em&gt; is nicely idiomatic, but it's more common to say &lt;code&gt;испортить вам настроение&lt;/code&gt;. I'm not saying what you have isn't natural enough, but somehow things like &lt;code&gt;испортить вечер&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;испортить праздник&lt;/code&gt; register as authentic while &lt;code&gt;испортить день&lt;/code&gt;, at least when you know it's a translation of an English idiom, feels like just that, a translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-06-13T11:07:14.103" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8886" CreationDate="2015-06-13T12:27:04.123" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not &lt;em&gt;quite&lt;/em&gt; natural to me, just because quite unusual. Right as Nikolay Ershov’s answer says.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I feel that another thing which has a tint of uncommonness is the non-unity of aspects of verbs. I would rather expect:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Не дайте … испортить…&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Не давайте … портить…&lt;/code&gt; &lt;em&gt;(Though &lt;code&gt;позволяйте&lt;/code&gt; in the last clause seems more probable to me I cannot see why; possibly because &lt;code&gt;дайте&lt;/code&gt; (compared with &lt;code&gt;позволяйте&lt;/code&gt;) is a more sharp word which is more appropriate for more definite ‘perfective’ situations (compared with ‘imperfective’ situations).)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But any combination of aspects is possible depending on the &lt;em&gt;meaning&lt;/em&gt; aspects a sayer wants to express. (I will not discuss the difference between aspects here; it is another topic — answered.)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possible translations could use &lt;code&gt;отравить&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;испортить&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Не дайте [ей] отравить вам день.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And again, I don’t claim it’s an everyday Russian expression.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Another possible verb: &lt;code&gt;изгадить&lt;/code&gt;, though it’s somewhat rough.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;em&gt;Russian&lt;/em&gt; variant could be:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Не стоит огорчаться.&lt;/code&gt; Though a literal meaning differs (&lt;em&gt;it’s not worth being upset&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is an idiomatic &lt;code&gt;выбить из колеи&lt;/code&gt; (literally &lt;em&gt;‘to knock out of a rut’&lt;/em&gt; i. e. out of one’s life course) but&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Не дай себя выбить из колеи&lt;/code&gt; is not a usual Russian oral phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The slang has more phrases for it. &lt;em&gt;(But all of them, and non-slang variants too, are not about 'day-not-to-be-ruined')&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;upd:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Concerning the claims that phrases of the type &lt;code&gt;позволить … испортить день&lt;/code&gt; are pretty Russian: I have never, not once, said/written/heard those phrases in Russian for 40 years of my life before this post, with the only &lt;em&gt;possible&lt;/em&gt; (not that I really remember the cases) exception: movies unperfect translations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-06-17T19:22:13.247" LastActivityDate="2015-06-17T19:22:13.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8889" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8890" CreationDate="2015-06-13T12:27:20.350" Score="2" ViewCount="462" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember from a Russian expression book that it was &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С днём рождения&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen my friends from Russia write that on each others facebook on birthdays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, these days I've seen &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;с днем рождения&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and no one wrote &lt;strong&gt;С днём рождения&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is my memory just inaccurate or is there some other reason ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5576" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-08T08:31:24.720" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T08:31:24.720" Title="С днём рождения или с днем рождения?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;буква-ё&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8889" CreationDate="2015-06-13T12:46:10.777" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are both the same, except that in most cases, Russians write &quot;e&quot; instead of &quot;ë&quot;, because they instinctively know when to pronounce it which way. So even though one is spelled &lt;strong&gt;днём&lt;/strong&gt; and the other is spelled &lt;strong&gt;днем&lt;/strong&gt;, they're both pronounced [дньом]. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-06-13T12:46:10.777" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8891" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8902" CreationDate="2015-06-13T14:46:17.297" Score="1" ViewCount="417" Body="&lt;p&gt;(Мне не приходит на ум лучшее заглавие. Если у вас какая-то идея, поправите её, пожалуйста)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В книжке В. Березина &quot;Путевые знаки&quot; я прочитал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;выбираюсь&lt;/strong&gt; наружу, и воздушный поток тут же срывает у меня с головы пилотку. Это отцовская пилотка (...) Пилотка мне велика, но я &lt;strong&gt;берегу её пуще коллекции вкладышей от жвачки&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Проблема у меня прежде всего в словах отмеченных жирным шрифтом.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не уверен в том, или я хорошо понимаю смысл этого отрывка. По-моему можно бы это так перевести:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'm getting out to the edge and the stream of the air takes my pilot cap from my head at this very place. It's my father's cap (...) The cap is too big for me but I protect it worse than my collection of chewing gums&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Особенно второе жирное предложение звучит странно. Перевёл ли я правильно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кстати, почему в первом предложении чистой дательный падеж &lt;em&gt;(наружу)&lt;/em&gt; а не с предлогом &lt;em&gt;(к наружу)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="5543" LastEditDate="2015-06-14T10:07:37.570" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T19:35:15.963" Title="Перевод выражения" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8892" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8891" CreationDate="2015-06-13T15:14:22.607" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вкратце.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я выбираюсь наружу&lt;/code&gt; = Я выхожу на улицу, I am getting out [into the open]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;выбираюсь&lt;/code&gt; здесь может означать, что выход на улицу чем-то затруднён, требует усилий, или автор провёл много времени в помещении (или ещё где-то, где можно быть «внутри»).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;наружу&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;em&gt;out&lt;/em&gt;) — наречие, у него нет падежей.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;пуще&lt;/code&gt; = сильнее, больше, &lt;em&gt;more than&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;вкладыши&lt;/code&gt; — небольшие листочки бумаги с картинками, например, из комиксов или мультиков, которые могли быть в упаковке жвачки. Яркие и привлекательные, могли быть ценным объектом собирания/коллекционирования (детьми), а также атрибутом недоступного Запада в советские времена.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-06-13T17:32:59.847" LastActivityDate="2015-06-13T17:32:59.847" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8893" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-13T15:20:14.037" Score="4" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;В зависимости от того, точные ли или приблизительные данные имеются в виду, в словосочетаниях &lt;code&gt;число&lt;/code&gt; + &lt;code&gt;единица измерения&lt;/code&gt; единица измерения ставится либо в конце (&quot;сто грамм&quot;), либо в начале (&quot;грамм сто&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Среди прочего это правило распространяется и на временые промежутки: &quot;три дня&quot; / &quot;дня три&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Каким образом видоизменяется словосочетание в связи с добавлением предлога &quot;через&quot;?&lt;/strong&gt; С точным значением все понятно (&quot;через три дня&quot;), а с приблизительным не совсем. Есть два варианта: &quot;дня через три&quot; и &quot;через дня три&quot;. Первый кажется мне единственным стилистически правильным, второй сильно режет ухо. &lt;strong&gt;Есть ли правило, регулирующее этот случай?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5595" LastActivityDate="2015-06-13T17:22:37.767" Title="&quot;Через&quot; с приблизительными данными о времени" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8893" CreationDate="2015-06-13T16:40:29.240" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Оба варианта правильные. Когда Вы ставите единицу измерения перед числом, это означает, что вы говорите о какой-то приблизительной, оценочной величине. Например, &quot;переезд займёт у нас дня два&quot; означает, что скорее всего переезд займёт два дня, но Вы не уверены в этом. Может быть и три, и четыре.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так же когда Вы употребляете число + единицу измерения с предлогом &quot;через&quot;. Например, &quot;я приеду через дня три&quot; означает, что скорее всего Вы приедете через три дня, а может через два или четыре. Кстати, чаще говорят &quot;через + единица измерения + число&quot;, т.е. меняют порядок слов. Например, &quot;дня через три&quot;, а не &quot;через дня три&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastActivityDate="2015-06-13T16:40:29.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8895" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8891" CreationDate="2015-06-13T16:51:38.557" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;«наружу» was historically the Accusative of an obsolete noun «&lt;a href=&quot;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=%2Fusr%2Flocal%2Fshare%2Fstarling%2Fmorpho&amp;amp;morpho=1&amp;amp;basename=morpho%5Cvasmer%5Cvasmer&amp;amp;first=1&amp;amp;off=&amp;amp;text_word=%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8C&amp;amp;method_word=substring&amp;amp;ic_word=on&amp;amp;text_general=&amp;amp;method_general=substring&amp;amp;ic_general=on&amp;amp;text_origin=&amp;amp;method_origin=substring&amp;amp;ic_origin=on&amp;amp;text_trubachev=&amp;amp;method_trubachev=substring&amp;amp;ic_trubachev=on&amp;amp;text_editorial=&amp;amp;method_editorial=substring&amp;amp;ic_editorial=on&amp;amp;text_pages=&amp;amp;method_pages=substring&amp;amp;ic_pages=on&amp;amp;text_any=&amp;amp;method_any=substring&amp;amp;sort=word&amp;amp;ic_any=on&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ружь&lt;/a&gt;» with the preposition &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;(«на ружу»), not the Dative. &#xA;Nowadays it is used only as an adverb and written in one word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-06-13T16:51:38.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8897" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8893" CreationDate="2015-06-13T17:22:37.767" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Приблизительность и точность к вашему вопросу относятся лишь косвенно. Вопрос скорее о месте предлога в словосочетании. Предлог - это по сути отделённая часть слова, которая стоит перед ним. Если слово с предлогом является главным в словосочетании, то зависимые от него слова могут стоять перед предлогом: &lt;em&gt;он шёл через&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;большой лиственный лес&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Главным в словосочетании &lt;em&gt;три дня&lt;/em&gt; является числительное, поэтому предлог стремится к нему. Чаще всего, если зависимое слово не выражено прилагательным, то его перед предлогом стараются не ставить (отсюда резь в ухе), но правилами это не запрещено, поэтому возможны оба сочетания, но более благозвучное &lt;em&gt;дня через три&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правда когда подобный вопрос обсуждался на русскоязычном форуме, со мной были согласны не все. Аргументы обеих сторон можно посмотреть по &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/34484/%D0%9D%D0%B0-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D0%B0/34491#34491&quot;&gt;ссылке&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T13:00:13.870" LastActivityDate="2015-06-13T17:22:37.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8891" CreationDate="2015-06-13T19:11:43.247" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I get outside, and the air stream sweeps the field cap off my head at that very moment. That field cap once belonged to my dad... The field cap is too big for me, but I keep it with even more care than I do with my collected inlay pics from chewing gum packages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&quot;велика&quot;, not &quot;вилка&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For title: Signs On My Way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-06-13T19:38:30.737" LastActivityDate="2015-06-13T19:38:30.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8889" CreationDate="2015-06-13T23:54:56.827" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's generally the same, however it's best to always write &quot;ё&quot; no matter which word includes it. &#xA;Also, remember to have capital letters: С Днём Рождения &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5597" LastActivityDate="2015-06-13T23:54:56.827" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8889" CreationDate="2015-06-14T02:01:28.033" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;They're the same. Capitalising the &lt;code&gt;с&lt;/code&gt; and dotting the &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; are unrelated. The most &quot;cultured&quot; way to write it is, in fact, &lt;code&gt;С днем рождения&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Don't listen to &lt;em&gt;anyone&lt;/em&gt; who says dotting your Ёs is mandatory or &quot;better&quot;. It almost looks like these people have never opened a book. It's a personal choice with many people to consistently dot their Ёs, and that's fine, but the modern-day publishing/media standard has always been to only use it for avoiding ambiguity.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-06-14T02:07:15.410" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T02:07:15.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8891" CreationDate="2015-06-14T05:55:57.363" Score="4" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я выбираюсь наружу = I am going out&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наружу - it is a direction &quot;(kind of moving) out&quot;, not place or point or zone.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;Снаружи - it is zone &quot;out of&quot;, &quot;outside&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no word &quot;наружи&quot;, so you couldn't say &quot;к наружи&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пилотка мне вилка, но я берегу её пуще коллекции вкладышей от жвачки.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) I think not &quot;вилка&quot;, but &quot;велик&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - It has a size larger than I needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) берегу - беречь = to save, to keep&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c) жвачка = жевательная резинка = chewing gum&#xA;&lt;br&gt;жвачка = short slang form&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;d) вкладыш, коллекция вкладышей = pic: &lt;a href=&quot;http://vk.cc/3Tymh2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://vk.cc/3Tymh2&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;about collecting:&#xA;&lt;br&gt;In 90-th, when USSR was crashed, wide import of goods started. There was a lot of chewing gum. Every boy tried to collect full set of these pictures. Turbo - cars (first set was of 120, second set of 450 pictures), Bombibom - also cars, TipTip - comix, Love Is - one picture comix, and so on. There was a kind of school gambling when you put two pictures facedown one on another on the table or floor or windowsill and try to turn them faceup by beating them by open hand. If you turn both you get them (yours and the other's). It was very respectful to have full collection of &quot;Turbo&quot; pics.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;* excuse my English)))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e) So, character saves this cap more than this collection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5550" LastEditorUserId="5550" LastEditDate="2015-06-14T06:09:46.107" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T06:09:46.107" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8886" CreationDate="2015-06-14T06:19:38.487" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main problem is that any exact Russian translation would sound a bit awkward here. Whether it would be &quot;не позволяйте&quot; or &quot;не дайте&quot; but in a true spoken language people try to avoid such lengthy and dull sentences. So a native Russian speaker would choose here something like &quot;Да плюнь ты на это&quot; or &quot;Да не бери в голову&quot; etc.etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T06:19:38.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8889" CreationDate="2015-06-14T07:48:14.610" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;About &quot;Е&quot; and &quot;Ё&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is easy to native speakers to differ were is it pronounced like &quot;Е&quot; and where is like &quot;Ё&quot;.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So we often write Е, just for speed. &#xA;&lt;br&gt;It may be because of &quot;Ё&quot;-key is situated on the left of &quot;1&quot;, below of &quot;Esc&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&quot;Е&quot; is situated on &quot;t&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there is some difficulties:&#xA;&lt;br&gt;- Где все? - Where is everybody?&#xA;&lt;br&gt;- &lt;strong&gt;Все&lt;/strong&gt; еще спят. - Everybody is sleeping yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;sic! ВСЕ (subject) - is plural. Everybody - singular, for best understanding exact translation - Каждый (singular). But nobody says &quot;Где каждый?&quot; - correct, but unused.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;- Где все? - Where is everybody?&#xA;&lt;br&gt;- &lt;strong&gt;Всё&lt;/strong&gt; еще спят.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is missed subject ВСЕ, and ВСЁ is used as a part of &quot;всё еще&quot; = forced &quot;still&quot;.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;[missed: Все] всё ещё спят.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;[missed: They] are still sleeping.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;- Где &lt;strong&gt;всё&lt;/strong&gt;? - Where is everything.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;- Украли. - [missed: They] have stolen [missed: everything].&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;ps: еще = ещё [yescho]. Always :)&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;pps: difficulties in law: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rg.ru/2012/09/21/bukvi-anons.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.rg.ru/2012/09/21/bukvi-anons.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5550" LastEditorUserId="5550" LastEditDate="2015-06-14T08:08:44.537" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T08:08:44.537" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8905" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8908" CreationDate="2015-06-14T10:21:00.457" Score="5" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я читал одну книгу, повесть &lt;strong&gt;про&lt;/strong&gt; лётчиков времён войны... И там, в этой повести, один из наших пилотов всегда уходил в сторону солнца после атаки, поэтому его никто не мог сбить. Он потом садился на аэродром, где базировались американские лётчики, тогда мы воевали вместе. И вот американцы пили своё виски, а он всегда просил в столовой &lt;strong&gt;немного солнца с газировкой&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Владимир Березин - Путевые знаки)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Два вопроса:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Почему говорится &lt;em&gt;повесть &lt;strong&gt;про&lt;/strong&gt; лётчиков&lt;/em&gt;, а не &lt;em&gt;повесть &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; лётчиках&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Что это за &lt;em&gt;солнце с газировкой&lt;/em&gt;? Это какой-то коктейль или напиток?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="5543" LastEditDate="2015-06-14T19:01:28.177" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T19:01:28.177" Title="Солнце с газировкой?" Tags="&lt;контекст&gt;&lt;культура&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8906" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8907" CreationDate="2015-06-14T10:31:12.430" Score="4" ViewCount="568" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Поэтому когда отец пьёт с друзьями, они поднимают тост за то, чтобы количество взлётов совпадало &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; с количеством посадок. У них было ещё много тостов, и ещё было правило не говорить &lt;strong&gt;&quot;последний&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, а говорить &lt;strong&gt;&quot;крайний&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(В. Березин - Путевые знаки)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Почему здесь добавочное &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt;? (я бы сказал &lt;em&gt;чтобы количество взлётов совпадало с количеством посадок&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В чём разница между &lt;em&gt;последний&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;крайний&lt;/em&gt;? Что здесь имеется в виду?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2018-05-03T07:08:13.980" LastActivityDate="2020-02-25T21:25:04.630" Title="Крайний и последний" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8906" CreationDate="2015-06-14T11:23:37.387" Score="17" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Можно и без &quot;бы&quot;. Сослагательное наклонение здесь подчёркивает, то, что это пожелание.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В России, среди людей занятие которых связано с риском, не принято говорить &quot;последний&quot; (полёт), так как точно таким же образом скажут о  смерти. Стандартный эвфемизм на смерть кого-либо - &lt;em&gt;&quot;отправился в последний путь&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. В итоге, у людей, связанных с опасной для жизни деятельностью (в данном тексте лётчики) стали говорить &quot;крайний&quot;, хотя это и не литературная норма.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T11:23:37.387" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8905" CreationDate="2015-06-14T12:19:29.103" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the author talks about &amp;quot;Sun-Soda&amp;quot; (&lt;em&gt;Сода-солнце&lt;/em&gt;), a short story  by Mikhail Ancharov:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его звали &amp;quot;Сода-солнце&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Американские лётчики, участники челночного полета, которые отбомбились над Берлином и теперь пили у стойки на нашей базе, встретили его невнятным весёлым лаем. Он прикрыл их от &amp;quot;мессершмиттов&amp;quot;, когда они подходили к базе. Он один спустил в море двух &amp;quot;мессеров&amp;quot;, третий задымил к горизонту.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Сода-виски, — предложили они ему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Сода-солнце, — сказал он и стал губами ловить капли грибного дождя, залетавшие в открытую фрамугу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Американцам перевели — &amp;quot;сода-солнце&amp;quot;, — они опять засмеялись и напились на радостях. Его стали звать &amp;quot;Сода-солнце&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А романов у него вовсе не было, и кто его &amp;quot;безоглядная любовь&amp;quot;, никто не знал, и вина он не пил, только хватал губами капли дождя, когда возвращался с полёта без единой пробоины. И уходил он от &amp;quot;мессеров&amp;quot; всегда в сторону солнца. Блеснёт крылышками и растворится в слепящем диске.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Грибной дождь&lt;/em&gt; (literally &amp;quot;mushroom rain&amp;quot;) is a phenomenon observed when it rains and the sun shines through openings in clouds at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the protagonist jokingly calls &amp;quot;sun-soda&amp;quot; the sun-lit raindrops which he catches with his lips.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T17:51:55.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8886" CreationDate="2015-06-14T12:44:10.827" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no such thing in Russian as &lt;code&gt;ruin the day&lt;/code&gt; (портить день), but there's a good phrase &lt;code&gt;пропал день&lt;/code&gt; (the day is lost)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Or use &lt;code&gt;ruin the evening&lt;/code&gt; (портить вечер). But it means &lt;code&gt;entertainment&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5602" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T12:44:10.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8910" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8911" CreationDate="2015-06-14T16:17:44.060" Score="3" ViewCount="312" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any Russian inanimate masculine nouns ending on -a?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can think of many feminine ones (машина, ангина, книга, панорама, перспектива, etc.), but are there any masculine ones?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T22:11:08.013" Title="Are there in Russian any inanimate masculine nouns ending on -a?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8910" CreationDate="2015-06-14T16:44:34.840" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Only marked ones, formed with suffixes &lt;em&gt;-ина&lt;/em&gt; and similar: &lt;em&gt;домина&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;голосина&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;дождина&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T16:44:34.840" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8906" CreationDate="2015-06-14T17:38:15.110" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Последний полёт&quot; (лётчики), &quot;последний прыжок&quot; (парашютисты, прыгуны с трамплина) , &quot;последний рейс&quot; (моряки), &quot;последнее погружение&quot; (дайверы, водолазы), &quot;последнее восхождение&quot; (альпинисты) и так далее. Люди названных профессий, видов спорта или увлечений НЕ говорят так из суеверия, боясь сглазить и вследствие этого погибнуть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T17:38:15.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5653" CreationDate="2015-06-14T18:51:41.160" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;karoche&quot; means long story short in russian, but it is slang and therefore not grammatically correct. When your friend said &quot;I don't want to teach you bad russian&quot; she didn't mean curse words, or vulgar language. She just knows that it's not correct russian and it's not traditional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5606" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T18:51:41.160" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8891" CreationDate="2015-06-14T19:35:15.963" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;пуще = сильнее, больше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;пуще прежнего - more than before  &#xA;он боится его пуще смерти — he fears him more than death&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also a traditional (folklore) rhyme. I think, it originated long ago as a rain-calling spell. Such rhymes are called &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sadikshkola.ru/zaklichki-dozhdyu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;закличка&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, from &quot;кликать&quot; - to call for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Дождик, дождик, пуще!&#xA;Чтоб росла пшеница гуще,&#xA;Чтоб овёс рос и ячмень -&#xA;Поливай весь день!&#xA;А на просо, на рожь&#xA;Поливай сколько хошь!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &quot;пуще&quot; means &quot;rain more, spill more water&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;пуще&quot; is quite obsolete, so I recommend not to use it in speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5582" LastActivityDate="2015-06-14T19:35:15.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8916" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8917" CreationDate="2015-06-15T09:11:26.763" Score="3" ViewCount="248" Body="&lt;p&gt;For quotation purposes, I would like to find the original (Russian) version of the following passage from the novel &lt;em&gt;Dead souls&lt;/em&gt; by Nikolaj Gogol' which in English looks like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In all the world, you will find no joys like these, for herein man imitates the God who projected creation as the supreme happiness, and now demands of man that he, too, should act as the creator of prosperity. Yet there are folk who call such functions tedious!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such a passage should be found in Chapter III of the second part of the book. I would be interested in a translitterated version from Cyrillic, if possible (for LaTex issues). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just an aside remark, in case you may be wondering or it may be needed: I have no knowledge of Russian language at all (and this is also the reason why I find it difficult to look for the original passage).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5609" LastActivityDate="2015-06-15T09:18:09.850" Title="Original version of a passage by Gogol'" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8916" CreationDate="2015-06-15T09:18:09.850" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cyrillic:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Да в целом мире не отыщете вы подобного наслажденья! Здесь, именно здесь подражает Богу человек. Бог предоставил себе дело творенья, как высшее всех наслажденье, и требует от человека также, чтобы он был подобным творцом благоденствия вокруг себя. И это называют скучным делом!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Paste it here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://translit.net/&quot;&gt;http://translit.net/&lt;/a&gt; for transliteration in any standard you need.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-06-15T09:18:09.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8918" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8922" CreationDate="2015-06-16T16:24:39.140" Score="1" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any Russian inanimate masculine nouns ending in -я?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can think of many feminine ones (торговля, трескотня, болтовня, мастерская, спальня, келья, etc.), but are there any masculine ones?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-06-20T13:31:59.983" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T13:31:59.983" Title="Are there in Russian any inanimate masculine nouns ending on -я?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8918" CreationDate="2015-06-16T19:13:28.210" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;only animate: суд&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;я, месс&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;я, дядя, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ровня. this is common: он ровня, она ровня. also animate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition: &lt;a href=&quot;http://lit.lib.ru/m/martinowich_g_a/2rod_s.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://lit.lib.ru/m/martinowich_g_a/2rod_s.shtml&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5550" LastEditorUserId="5550" LastEditDate="2015-06-16T20:13:09.943" LastActivityDate="2015-06-16T20:13:09.943" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8918" CreationDate="2015-06-17T05:02:06.773" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Possibly, some names of some cities would fit the bill:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В древности &lt;strong&gt;Антакья&lt;/strong&gt;, именовавшийся как Антиохия-на-Оронте, был важным&#xA;  политическим и культурным центром, столицей империи Селевкидов. Сейчас&#xA;  он является центром турецкого района Хатай&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вея&lt;/strong&gt; (араб. وع‎‎) — небольшой город на востоке Джибути, в регионе Арта.&#xA;  Расположен на дороге N1, которая соединяет город со столицей страны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2015-06-17T05:02:06.773" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8886" CreationDate="2015-06-17T06:48:17.030" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short: as a native Russian speaker I can say that all three variants provided by you will do. They all sound natural to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also, is it a general rule to use the perfective aspect after &lt;strong&gt;позволяйте&lt;/strong&gt; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. The diffrernce is in details:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не позволяйте ей испортить Вам день&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literally: &quot;Don't let her make your day ruined&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не позволяйте ей портить Вам день&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literally: &quot;Don't let her [constantly] ruining your day&quot; (assumed that she will be making constant attempts to ruin your day again and again)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose that the sentence &quot;to ruin one's day&quot; might be borrowed from American culture, but nowadays using it is Ok.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5617" LastEditorUserId="5617" LastEditDate="2015-06-17T13:30:23.337" LastActivityDate="2015-06-17T13:30:23.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8918" CreationDate="2015-06-17T16:21:41.693" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a number of indeclinable masculine loanwords ending in &lt;em&gt;-а, -я&lt;/em&gt;:  &lt;em&gt;квенья&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;фула&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;гёдза&lt;/em&gt; etc. which accepted the gender of their respective generic terms: &lt;em&gt;язык&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;language&quot;), &lt;em&gt;пельмень&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;dumpling&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-06-17T16:21:41.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8923" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8968" CreationDate="2015-06-17T19:45:26.780" Score="3" ViewCount="282" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it possible, attested in Russian – &lt;strong&gt;imperative nominalization (substantivation)?&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could recall &lt;code&gt;перекати-поле&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;вырви-глаз&lt;/code&gt;, but I consider them as something like &lt;em&gt;‘forget-me-not’&lt;/em&gt;, not real imperative nominalization. Am I right? Are there good one-word examples of nominalized imperatives?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Or is it absolutely unknown/impossible phenomenon in Russian and other languages too? (Googling gave me &lt;em&gt;&quot;nominalized imperative&quot;&lt;/em&gt; in Tibetan languages only, where, as I can see, it is not much about nominalization, but rather about a verbal system.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NOTE:&lt;/strong&gt; Pan-linguistic situation with imperative nominalization is not the point of this question, just 'btw'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-06-19T12:18:49.317" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T22:28:22.643" Title="Imperative nominalization in Russian?" Tags="&lt;словообразование&gt;&lt;imperative&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8924" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8923" CreationDate="2015-06-17T19:56:14.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't think of any one-word examples, or of compounds not containing a noun, except two: &lt;em&gt;тяни-толкай&lt;/em&gt; (which seems to be a literary coinage) and &lt;em&gt;уйди-уйди&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;уди-уди&lt;/em&gt;), which is the name of a squeaky toy and so is perhaps better thought of as onomatopoeic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-06-17T19:56:14.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8925" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8926" CreationDate="2015-06-18T08:27:09.297" Score="3" ViewCount="398" Body="&lt;p&gt;DevOps is a clipped compound of &quot;development&quot; and &quot;operations&quot;.(Explantion from Wikipedia) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could not found an equivalent term in russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it used without translation as &quot;DevOps&quot;  or without abbreviation as &quot;Операции Развития&quot; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is there any abbreviation for this term in Russian as well.If there is, can you share it.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5619" LastActivityDate="2015-06-18T10:02:08.217" Title="what is the equivalent in Russia of abbreviation &quot;devops&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8925" CreationDate="2015-06-18T10:02:08.217" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The names of some programming methodologies such as DevOps, Scrum, Agile are essentially proper nouns and accordingly they are treated in Russian. In written texts they are often referred to in original script, though sometimes transliterated into Cyrillic: дево́пс, скрам, эджа́йл. In oral speech they are quite freely inflected just as if they were foreign city names or alike.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2284" LastActivityDate="2015-06-18T10:02:08.217" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8923" CreationDate="2015-06-18T10:26:56.413" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Упокой&lt;/em&gt; (as in &lt;em&gt;начал за здравие, кончил за упокой&lt;/em&gt;) is imperative of Church Slavonic &lt;em&gt;упокоити&lt;/em&gt; which was loaned into Russian as a noun meaning &quot;eternal peace&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-06-18T10:55:23.940" LastActivityDate="2015-06-18T10:55:23.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="187" CreationDate="2015-06-18T12:07:42.607" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Спустя столько лет внезапный ответ. Это мат. Правильно будет &quot;охуеть&quot;. Это искажение слов и вообще русского языка имеет место в интернет-сленге, так называемом ольбанском языке (это просто сленг, который наши использует, чтобы показать свою крутость. сейчас его использование сходит на нет). Разницы между &quot;охуеть&quot; и &quot;ахуеть&quot; нет. Означают практически все: удивление, сожаление и пр.&#xA;Это просто восклицание типа &quot;Ох, вот это да!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5621" LastActivityDate="2015-06-18T12:07:42.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8886" CreationDate="2015-06-18T12:24:12.947" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, but we should see the context. &quot;Испортить день&quot; - фраза, которая чаще использовалась в переводах иностранных фильмов на русский язык. Используется в обычной речи, но не так часто. Использование &quot;Не дайте испортить ваш день&quot; или &quot;Не позволяйте испортить ваш день&quot;, или &quot;Не давайте испортить ваш день&quot; зависит исключительно от общего текста, т.е. от стилистики, динамики речи. В общем, берется то, что будет в данном тексте выглядеть лучше. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хотя вот &quot;не давайте испортить&quot; по-русски все-таки немного некрасиво звучит. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5621" LastEditorUserId="5621" LastEditDate="2015-06-18T14:43:56.877" LastActivityDate="2015-06-18T14:43:56.877" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5653" CreationDate="2015-06-18T12:30:16.613" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means in short. &quot;I will say u in short&quot;. &quot;In short, we should do it&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5621" LastActivityDate="2015-06-18T12:30:16.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8923" CreationDate="2015-06-18T20:59:28.513" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;поцелуй&lt;/code&gt; (a kiss)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Vasmer: &lt;em&gt;«Произошло из формы 2 л. повел. накл. от поцелова́ть»&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastActivityDate="2015-06-18T20:59:28.513" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8933" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-19T12:35:15.163" Score="2" ViewCount="229" Body="&lt;p&gt;Namely, a conjecture: &lt;code&gt;хуй &amp;lt; ховать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Can it be a worthy version? Or why not?&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To my surprise I’ve found &lt;a href=&quot;http://lingvoforum.net/index.php?topic=7470.0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a discussion&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;where this version does not look like something absolutely groundless (to me).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just one solid argument will be enough if &lt;code&gt;ховать&lt;/code&gt; (proto)forms/roots cannot be a source of &lt;code&gt;хуй&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Particularly I wonder if the questioned hypothesis is inconsistent with some language paradigm(s) and/or needs to be a unique case of something.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;A question apparently for experts, please. The Internet is already full of popular (quasi/pseudo)argumentation that gives me nothing.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;(I understand that answering it can be a labour and discussing the discussed (already somewhere else) can be impolitely off-communitic, so deleting the question is OK.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-06-20T12:43:14.853" LastActivityDate="2015-06-29T22:10:52.707" Title="A problematic etymology of a 'three-letter' Russian profanity" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8923" CreationDate="2015-06-19T13:02:12.247" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Возможно, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Привой&lt;/strong&gt;. Часть сортового растения, которая будет привита на &lt;strong&gt;подвой&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-06-19T13:02:12.247" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8933" CreationDate="2015-06-19T15:20:12.720" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As one of comments in the discussion points out, this &quot;explanation&quot; comes from an old joke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2015-06-19T15:20:12.720" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8923" CreationDate="2015-06-20T02:41:23.450" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you wrote about &lt;code&gt;forget-me-not&lt;/code&gt;, I immediately thought of &lt;code&gt;незабудка&lt;/code&gt;. It's a flower which name is formed from the verb &lt;code&gt;забывать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5329" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T02:41:23.450" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8937" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8938" CreationDate="2015-06-20T05:05:23.357" Score="11" ViewCount="1626" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gadling.com/2009/03/30/gadling-teaches-you-to-read-the-cyrillic-alphabet-in-5-minutes/&quot;&gt;Gadling teaches you to read the Cyrillic alphabet in 5 minutes&lt;/a&gt; mentions that there's some letters in Cyrillic that look like letters in the English alphabet, but their pronunciation in Russian is different to the similar looking letter in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Some letters ... look familiar but don’t sound like their English counterparts.&lt;/strong&gt; The Russian letter “H” makes the “N” sound, “y” makes the English “oo” sound, and “B” sounds like the English “V.” This letter, И, which looks like a backwards “N”, makes the “short i” sound, as in the English word “pin.” The Russian letter “Я” sounds nothing like [its] mirror image in English. Instead, it makes a “ya” sound, as in “yacht.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this the case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried looking it up, but only found sites with user generated content discussing the issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5423" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T20:08:22.790" Title="Why are there letters which look similar but are pronounced differently between the English alphabet and Russian Cyrillic?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;other-languages&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8937" CreationDate="2015-06-20T07:21:23.020" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cyrillic alphabet was developed in what is modern Bulgaria based on Greek alphabet, so:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В was modeled after Greek Β (beta). This was originally pronounced [b] in ancient Greek but in modern (and medieval) Greek it is weakened to [v]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Н, which originally looked N, was modeled after Greek Ν (nu)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;И, which originally looked Н, was modeled after Greek Η (eta). In ancient Greek this was pronounced similarly to English [h], but the sound was lost by the 6th century BCE and character was then repurposed for an [i] sound, as in contemporary Greek.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;У was originally part of a digraph ОУ, which was modeled after Greek digraph ΟΥ (omicron ypsilon) which the Greek used to denote [u]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я was originally written Ѧ and denoted a nasal sound similar to final sound in French &lt;em&gt;fin&lt;/em&gt; which later changed to modern [ja] in Russian and Russian recension of Church Slavonic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-06-20T20:08:22.790" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T20:08:22.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8939" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8947" CreationDate="2015-06-20T13:27:09.357" Score="4" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;В школе меня учили, что с помощью суффикса -то образуются неопределённые местоимения, например&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;где - where; где-то - somewhere&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но недавно я в книжке увидел такие примеры использования:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Внешне баба Тома была похожа на классическую русскую бабушку, но &lt;strong&gt;я-то&lt;/strong&gt; знал, что была у неё за плечами какая-то непростая судьба.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У &lt;strong&gt;нас-то&lt;/strong&gt; мир и спокойствие, мы нужны всем!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ничего-то&lt;/strong&gt; нам было не известно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Глаза наши давно привыкли к подземельям, где света не то что не было, а просто он был так же редок, как чистая вода: &lt;strong&gt;вообще-то&lt;/strong&gt; вроде бы и есть, но поди найди хороший источник, подземный ручей, наладь от него трубу, обеспечь стоки… Хорошего специалиста по канализации могли выменять на десяток снайперов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(В. Березин, &lt;em&gt;Путевые знаки&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ни в одном из примеров я не знаю, как перевести это &lt;em&gt;-то&lt;/em&gt;. Что значит оно в этих примерах и с какой целью оно используется?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T11:16:24.923" Title="Странное использование суффикса -то" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8940" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8944" CreationDate="2015-06-20T13:53:20.487" Score="4" ViewCount="3675" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я в книге нашёл формулировку &quot;худой мир&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И в какой-то момент (я был тогда совсем маленьким и знал всё это только в пересказе) вспыхнула даже маленькая война, окончившаяся худым миром.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правильно ли я понял, что здесь &lt;em&gt;худой&lt;/em&gt; значит &lt;em&gt;невыгодный; такой, который нам не нравится&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-06-20T14:21:15.547" LastActivityDate="2015-06-21T20:54:09.363" Title="Худой мир - значение" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8939" CreationDate="2015-06-20T13:55:19.403" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Частица &lt;code&gt;то&lt;/code&gt; может использоваться не только для указания неопределённости, но и для придания большей эмоциональности. В ваших примерах - для подчёркивания и усиления (&lt;code&gt;я-то&lt;/code&gt; == &lt;code&gt;именно я&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;у нас-то&lt;/code&gt; == &lt;code&gt;именно у нас / или, например, у нас&lt;/code&gt; и так далее.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5427" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T13:55:19.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8939" CreationDate="2015-06-20T14:02:59.073" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Важно: я не профессиональный лингвист и объясняю простыми словами. Возможны ошибки. =)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь &quot;-то&quot; вносит оттенок смысла &quot;в отличие от кого-то&quot;, &quot;несмотря на что-то&quot; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Внешне баба Тома была похожа на классическую русскую бабушку, но я-то знал, что была у неё за плечами какая-то непростая судьба.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Другой человек, посмотрев на бабушку, воспринял бы ее как простую русскую бабушку. Но я знал, что ее жизнь была очень непростой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У нас-то мир и спокойствие, мы нужны всем!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В отличие от кого-то еще, у нас - мир и спокойствие. Кто эти &quot;кто-то еще&quot;, должно быть понятно из контекста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ничего-то нам было не известно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь &quot;-то&quot; добавляет смысл &quot;совсем ничего&quot;. Сравните &quot;nothing&quot; и &quot;nothing at all&quot;. А еще, как мне кажется, этим выражается эмоциональное отношение говорящего - а именно, сожаление или досада. Просто &quot;ничего нам не было известно&quot; такой эмоциоанльной окраски не имеет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5582" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T14:02:59.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8940" CreationDate="2015-06-20T14:06:30.433" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Худой&lt;/em&gt; has archaic meaning &quot;bad&quot;, which persists in comparative &lt;em&gt;хуже&lt;/em&gt; &quot;worse&quot; and superlative &lt;em&gt;худший&lt;/em&gt; &quot;worst&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Худой мир&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;bad peace&quot;. It's a part of a proverb &lt;em&gt;худой мир лучше доброй ссоры&lt;/em&gt; &quot;a bad peace is better than a good quarrel&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's better translated into English as &quot;a lean settlement is better than a fat lawsuit&quot; which has exactly same wordplay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T14:06:30.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8940" CreationDate="2015-06-20T14:08:05.837" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Худой мир лучше доброй ссоры&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Думаю, автор имеет в виду эту пословицу. Здесь &quot;худой мир&quot; - непрочный, ненадежный, плохой. &quot;Добрая ссора&quot; - не &quot;kind&quot;, а &quot;сильная, серьезная&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5582" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T14:08:05.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8945" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8937" CreationDate="2015-06-20T14:23:46.717" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian.SE is filling with the user's contents too, I don’t see anything wrong with it. But such a content has to be effectively verifiable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another question closely related to the OP question: Why does the Cyrillic alphabet has the order A,B,V,G and pronounced like А, В, V, G(goo) ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please read/search/verify following keywords:&#xA; &lt;pre&gt;&#xA;         Egyptian         --&gt;  pictograms&#xA;        hieroglyphs&#xA;             |&#xA;         Phoenicia             &lt;a href=&quot;http://phoenicia.org/tblalpha.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://phoenicia.org/tblalpha.html&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;     (about 1700 B.C.)    --&gt;  pictures for syllables&#xA;             |&#xA;            ...&#xA;             |&#xA;     (about 1300 B.C.)    --&gt;  pictures for the initial consonants&#xA;             |&#xA;         Phoenicia &#xA;             |&#xA;         spread to&#xA;          /       \&#xA;         /         \&#xA;  across Asia    Greece   --&gt;  + pictures for vowels&#xA;        \         / |  \&#xA;         \       /  |   \&#xA;           Russia   |   Rom  --&gt; Latin&#xA;             |      |    |&#xA;             |      |  some&#xA;             |      |  changes ------ France, England, America, ... &#xA;             |      |                            |&#xA;             А      А                            А&#xA;             |      |                            |&#xA;             |   (200 A.D.)                      |&#xA;             Б  B-sound dropped,                 B&#xA;             |   ┌ Beta sounded as V             |&#xA;             |  ┌┘                               |&#xA;             В ┘                                 V&#xA;             Г      Γ                      C (sounded as K) replaced G&#xA;             Д      Δ                            D&#xA;            ...    ...                          ...&#xA;             Н      Η(eta) sounded as i in pin   I&#xA;             |                                   |&#xA;     (replaced at XII c.)                        |&#xA;             И      |                            I&#xA;             |      |                            |&#xA;            ...    ...                          ...&#xA;             |      |                            |&#xA;             П      Π                            P&#xA;             Р      Ρ                            R&#xA;             |&#xA;       new consonants&#xA;       to represent &#xA;       sounds (ж,ч,ш,щ,ц)&#xA;              |&#xA;             ...&#xA;              |&#xA;              Я is a modification of the Alpha. &#xA;                The right line is made vertical&#xA;                and the left line is curved.&#xA; &lt;/pre&gt;             &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-06-20T14:29:24.900" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T14:29:24.900" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8923" CreationDate="2015-06-20T15:20:32.850" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;More examples that you would probably classify as not-a-real-nominalisation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;угадайка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;ванька-встанька&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both are likely derived from the imperatives + the particle &lt;em&gt;-ка&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;встань-ка&lt;/em&gt;) that has been grammaticalised as the suffix &lt;em&gt;к&lt;/em&gt; + ending &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt;, although I cannot find any good evidence either for or against this thesis. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T15:20:32.850" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8939" CreationDate="2015-06-20T16:58:06.790" Score="7" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Есть две такие уточняющие частицы, &lt;kbd&gt;то&lt;/kbd&gt; и &lt;kbd&gt;же&lt;/kbd&gt;.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зная, что автор имеет родным языком польский, я приведу примеры из польского:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;     &lt;kbd&gt;Właśnie&lt;/kbd&gt; na to   należy położyć nacisk.&#xA;     &lt;kbd&gt;Именно&lt;/kbd&gt; на это  нужно  сделать упор.&#xA;         \&#xA;      исключив &quot;именно&quot;,&#xA;      то же самое скажем&#xA;      по-русски:&#xA;             \&#xA;  Вот на это-&lt;kbd&gt;то&lt;/kbd&gt; и нужно сделать упор.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Прямые аналогии в польском:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;   a dalej to już ...&#xA;   а дальше-то, уже ...&#xA;&#xA;   jako to ...&#xA;   как-то ...&#xA;&#xA;   A na wozach cóż to wieziecie, jeśli wolno spytać?&#xA;                   /&#xA;                  /&#xA;   А на телегах-то что везете, позвольте спросить?&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В английском параллели еще проще. Это артикли &lt;code&gt;the&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;a/an&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Пусть мы имеем предложение (1):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; Оно звучит так, как будто мы рассказываем сказку, или анекдот:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  В &lt;kbd&gt;одном&lt;/kbd&gt; парке стоит дом ...&#xA;  &lt;kbd&gt;A&lt;/kbd&gt; house stands in &lt;kbd&gt;a&lt;/kbd&gt; park ...&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теперь мы хотим сказать следующее:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; Мы видели или слышали &lt;kbd&gt;об этом&lt;/kbd&gt; доме раньше, и тут&#xA;  мы видим, что &lt;kbd&gt;этот (именно этот)&lt;/kbd&gt; дом по-прежнему &#xA;  стоит, в том же парке, и тогда мы говорим, используя частицу &lt;code&gt;то&lt;/code&gt;=&lt;code&gt;the&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;  &#xA;  Дом-&lt;kbd&gt;то&lt;/kbd&gt; стоит в парке!&#xA;      /&#xA;     /&#xA;   &lt;kbd&gt;The&lt;/kbd&gt; house stands inside &lt;kbd&gt;the&lt;/kbd&gt; park.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;или,&lt;/strong&gt; Нам сообщили, что дома (уже) в парке нет. Конечно, мы видели или слышали о доме раньше. И тут мы видим, что &lt;kbd&gt;этот (именно этот)&lt;/kbd&gt; дом &#xA;по-прежнему стоит, в том же парке, и тогда мы удивленно говорим, используя частицу &lt;code&gt;же&lt;/code&gt;=&lt;code&gt;the&lt;/code&gt; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  Дом &lt;kbd&gt;же&lt;/kbd&gt; стоит в парке!&#xA;  &lt;kbd&gt;The&lt;/kbd&gt; house stands inside &lt;kbd&gt;the&lt;/kbd&gt; park!&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-06-20T18:33:45.737" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T18:33:45.737" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8940" CreationDate="2015-06-20T17:32:48.697" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Худой мир here means unfriendly peace. Cold peace. No war, but no friendship either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-06-20T17:32:48.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8940" CreationDate="2015-06-21T12:19:59.763" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The precise meaning &quot;худой&quot; in &lt;code&gt;маленькая война, окончившаяся худым миром&lt;/code&gt; must be found in the adverb (or predicative) &lt;code&gt;худо&lt;/code&gt;, not in the adjective &lt;code&gt;худой&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare the scattered meanings of &lt;code&gt;худой&lt;/code&gt;, and the word &lt;code&gt;худо&lt;/code&gt;, that has precise, exactly one meaning -- &lt;code&gt;ill, badly&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same scattered meanings will be exists for other words (not for all, of course), which can be narrowed down to its underlying definition by look up its adverb or predicative with the same root in a dictionary:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;крепкий -&amp;gt; крепко&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;вольный -&amp;gt; вольно&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;любимый -&amp;gt; любо&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;сухой   -&amp;gt; сухо&lt;/code&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rule of thumb: try to find a word as close (short) to the stem (root) as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-06-21T12:19:59.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8950" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8954" CreationDate="2015-06-21T13:28:15.947" Score="8" ViewCount="271" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are &lt;strong&gt;мускул&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;мышца&lt;/strong&gt; synonymous?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T18:09:55.923" Title="Are мускул and мышца synonymous?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8950" CreationDate="2015-06-21T16:41:50.720" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes they are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мышца&lt;/em&gt; is a CS calque of Latin &lt;em&gt;musculus&lt;/em&gt; &quot;little mouse&quot;. They can be used interchangeably in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some derived terms like &lt;em&gt;внутримышечно&lt;/em&gt; &quot;intramuscularly&quot; or &lt;em&gt;мускулистый&lt;/em&gt; &quot;muscular, having big muscles&quot; use only one of the roots, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;em&gt;мышца&lt;/em&gt; is used in established compound names of separate muscles: &lt;em&gt;широчайшая мышца спины&lt;/em&gt; &quot;lat&quot;, &lt;em&gt;икроножные мышцы&lt;/em&gt; &quot;calves&quot; etc. In non idiomatic descriptions like &lt;em&gt;мышцы пресса&lt;/em&gt; &quot;abs&quot; &lt;em&gt;мускул&lt;/em&gt; can be used as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-06-21T17:16:10.470" LastActivityDate="2015-06-21T17:16:10.470" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8940" CreationDate="2015-06-21T20:54:09.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The citation is obviously based on the proverb &quot;Худой мир лучше доброй ссоры&quot;, already mentioned by Nick. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the mentioned proverb the word худой has every meaning of the word худой. That means both already mentioned 'unfriendly' and 'unprofitable', but also 'dishonest', or 'ugly' etc. The same about the high quality of the quarrel. The thought is that &lt;strong&gt;any&lt;/strong&gt; peace is better than &lt;strong&gt;any&lt;/strong&gt; quarrel. And because of this mute &lt;strong&gt;any&lt;/strong&gt;, you can use really absolutely any description. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;худой&quot; is used there instead of &quot;любой&quot; for exaggeration of universality of the rule. It could be &quot;даже худой&quot;, but the shortening of the sentence usually makes it to sound more strong. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1212" LastActivityDate="2015-06-21T20:54:09.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8950" CreationDate="2015-06-21T22:29:14.583" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;These words are often interchangeable. But in general the difference is like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;мышцы&lt;/code&gt; is what everyone has from birth, biologically. If you go to &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%86%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wiki&lt;/a&gt;, you can see that all 640 muscles are called &lt;code&gt;мышцы&lt;/code&gt;, because it's the preferred word for tiny muscles unlike biceps e.g. When we say &lt;code&gt;мышцы&lt;/code&gt; we often mean &lt;em&gt;flesh&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;мускулы&lt;/code&gt; is associated with physical power often acquired through training. Biceps, triceps, &lt;strong&gt;but not abs&lt;/strong&gt;! Abs are called: &lt;code&gt;мышцы пресса, мышцы живота&lt;/code&gt; (although Google found ~4K matches for &lt;code&gt;мускулы пресса&lt;/code&gt;, but check out 386К for &lt;code&gt;мышцы пресса&lt;/code&gt;). So another criterium: &lt;code&gt;мускул&lt;/code&gt; is a muscle which is visibly big/long and expands/contracts by a wide amplitude.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastActivityDate="2015-06-21T22:29:14.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8950" CreationDate="2015-06-21T23:11:10.067" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Non-interchangeable use of &lt;code&gt;мышца/ы&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in (about) medical situations with verbs:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;болеть&lt;/code&gt; – to ache, &lt;em&gt;мышцы болели&lt;/em&gt; (after training)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;сводить&lt;/code&gt; – to get cramp, &lt;em&gt;свело мышцу [судорогой]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;потянуть&lt;/code&gt; – to pull/strain, &lt;em&gt;потянул мышцу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;порвать&lt;/code&gt; – to tear, &lt;em&gt;порвал мышцу&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;мышечная масса&lt;/code&gt; – muscle(s) mass&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Non-interchangeable use of &lt;code&gt;мускул&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; with verbs:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;дрогнуть&lt;/code&gt; – to move/jerk, &lt;em&gt;ни один мускул не дрогнул на его лице&lt;/em&gt; – his face stayed still, without moving a muscle&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don’t think it’s practical to learn cases when the two words are interchangeable but maybe have some secondary and tertiary shades of difference. I’m sure it’s a matter of serious linguistic research, evidently not done. Unconscious remembering of use cases can be of more help.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nevertheless: &lt;strong&gt;one more guess about trends of &lt;code&gt;мышца&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;мускул&lt;/code&gt; usage&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;мышца&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; appears to be a base word of traditional medical/anatomical terminology about muscles,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;мускул&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; seems to be a newer word which is more active in contexts/styles perceived as more modern and progressive, e. g. concerning ‘культура тела’ which is not limited to body-building. (These contexts arose in Russia a century ago, I suppose.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;In Russia, if I’m not mistaken, a physical force was traditionally attributed to sinews, not to muscles. I think that for some time &lt;code&gt;мускул&lt;/code&gt; was used to reflect new (not of 'common' people of the past) views about it and marked the adeptness to 'new world' of reason and so on (I perceive it so in some texts).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Мышца&lt;/em&gt; is 'deeper' Russian than &lt;em&gt;мускул&lt;/em&gt;, a child probably first learns a word &lt;em&gt;мышца&lt;/em&gt;, then – &lt;em&gt;мускул&lt;/em&gt; (true for me).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Making the difference farcical: a simple country guy has &lt;em&gt;мышцы&lt;/em&gt;, a towny builds &lt;em&gt;мускулы&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-06-22T02:25:25.673" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T02:25:25.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8950" CreationDate="2015-06-22T01:21:29.570" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Compare: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB&amp;amp;num=30&amp;amp;source=lnms&amp;amp;tbm=isch&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;мускул&lt;/a&gt; / &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%86%D0%B0&amp;amp;num=30&amp;amp;source=lnms&amp;amp;tbm=isch&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;мышца&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;мускул&lt;/code&gt; is geometric in form, the external form of things, has no internal structure, while &lt;code&gt;мышца&lt;/code&gt; has their essence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be the same, as to suppose that pairs&#xA;&lt;code&gt;eggshell / egg&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;sphere / ball&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;are synonyms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-06-22T18:09:55.923" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T18:09:55.923" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8956" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-22T09:08:43.723" Score="4" ViewCount="451" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is the sentence: &lt;em&gt;&quot;У меня есть друг, который имеет четырех сыновей и двух собак. Твоему другу повезло, мой брат имеет четырех сыновей и двух жен!&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After &lt;em&gt;&quot;имеет&quot;&lt;/em&gt; all the numbers and words are in genitive plural, can you tell me why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With &quot;&lt;em&gt;У меня есть&lt;/em&gt;&quot; I use nominative case, but why with имеет is in genitive?&#xA;Thank you very much!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6497" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-05T13:48:59.373" LastActivityDate="2017-07-05T13:48:59.373" Title="&quot;Имеет четырёх сыновей&quot; - why genitive?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8956" CreationDate="2015-06-22T12:34:46.063" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это винительный падеж (кого, что?): имеет (кого?) четырех сыновей и двух собак,   имеет (кого?) четырех сыновей и двух жен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но правильно по-русски это пишется так: &#xA;&quot;У меня есть друг, у которого четыре сына и две собаки. Твоему другу повезло, у моего брата четыре сына и две жены!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-06-22T14:14:43.993" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T14:14:43.993" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8956" CreationDate="2015-06-22T13:45:01.363" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The form &quot;который имеет...&quot; is not Russian. The correct form is: &quot;У которого есть...&quot;, that implies Nominative case. For not repeating the same form twice in the same sentence, that is ugly, in one of them you should omit &quot;есть&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit. You can use the form &quot;который имеет...&quot; in the technical description.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;имеет...&quot;, especially used with living object could and would be understood as slangish &quot;has a sexual intercourse with...&quot;. So, your anecdote as you put it in Russian, is much more funny than you expected. But very improper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1212" LastEditorUserId="1212" LastEditDate="2015-06-23T09:32:06.977" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T09:32:06.977" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8959" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8961" CreationDate="2015-06-22T13:48:54.533" Score="3" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;On a website for practicing languages, I composed a story with the following line about a café in Indonesia that serves an exotic coffee: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Там варят самый вкусный и крепкий кофе в мире - Копи Лувак. —&#xA;  прошептал он медленно и загадочно, причём у Наташи слюнки потекли уже&#xA;  от одного названия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My intention was to intimate that the name of the coffee was so exotic, that Natasha's mouth watered at the mere sound of it. In other words, the name of the coffee sounded so delicious that her mouth watered even before tasting it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the &quot;redactors&quot; on the site, corrected it as follows: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— прошептал он загадочно, растягивая каждое слово, отчего у Наташи тут&#xA;  же потекли слюнки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I answered that his sentence is good, but that it doesn't express the notion that the name of the coffee sounded so seductive to Natasha that it made her mouth water, and that furthermore, I refused to believe that in a language as rich as Russian, such a thing isn't possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He went on to wrote the following: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Задал ты мне задачку!:) Сказать по-честному, я не могу уместить всю полноту замысла в рамках одного короткого предложения... Возможно, что будет хорошо звучать следующим образом: &quot;...прошептал он загадочно, растягивая каждое слово; тембр его голоса помноженный на выразительность звучания самого названия тут же захватили воображение Наташи, не оставив и нотки уныния в её душе и наполнив всё вокруг неё ароматом обжариваемых на открытом огне тёмных, как южная ночь, пухленьких кофейных зёрен....&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кроме того, хочу заметить (это лично моё мнение), когда мы употребляем выражение &quot;потекли слюнки&quot;, то, наверное, мы говорим про самого себя, а не про кого-то ещё. Например, &quot; - Слушай, я даже не знаю, что тебе предложить... Ну давай возьмём свиной шейки полкилограмма, пожарим её на мангале с лучком, красным перцем и соевым соусом, запьём всё это армянским коньячком... Как думаешь? - Да у меня уже слюнки потекли, блин! Давай бери уже, наконец, и поехали к тебе на дачу!&quot; Может быть, допустимо будет сказать так: &quot;Ну что, потянуло дымком-то, а? Потекли слюнки?&quot;. Однако, как мне кажется, когда мы ведём повествование от третьего лица, как в твоём случае, то говорить о ком-то, &quot;у неё потекли слюнки&quot;, звучит несколько неестественно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there no way to translate this into Russian more succinctly? &#xA;Here is the original sentence in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There they brew the most delicious and richest coffee in the world -&#xA;  Kopi Luwak.&quot; he whispered slowly and mysteriously, while Natasha's&#xA;  mouth watered at the mere sound of the name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T00:35:58.567" Title="A seemingly untranslatable sentence" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8950" CreationDate="2015-06-22T13:52:09.510" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мышца is what we have inside. Мускул is what we see or show out. But in 90% cases they are interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1212" LastEditorUserId="1212" LastEditDate="2015-06-22T13:58:37.817" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T13:58:37.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8959" CreationDate="2015-06-22T14:21:35.073" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your version is fine (I'd just replace &lt;code&gt;причём&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code&gt;так, что&lt;/code&gt;, note the comma), and the &lt;em&gt;redaktor&lt;/em&gt; has no idea what they're talking about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кроме того, хочу заметить (это лично моё мнение), когда мы употребляем&#xA;  выражение &quot;потекли слюнки&quot;, то, наверное, мы говорим про самого себя,&#xA;  а не про кого-то ещё.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's plainly and simply a false impression. It &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; be a little on the colloquial side, but that's got nothing to do with who it's said about. And the tongue-in-cheek presentation of that patch of purple prose they go on to produce doesn't make it any less horrible. A parody can't afford to be clumsy, and &lt;em&gt;тембр его голоса помноженный на выразительность звучания самого названия тут же захватили воображение Наташи&lt;/em&gt; is clumsy as heck on top of its dodgy syntax and punctuation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have to watch out for people overcomplicating things to create an illusion of competence. As a professional translator I can admit that I, too, have my moments of questionably pedantic judgement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-06-22T14:27:48.253" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T14:27:48.253" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8959" CreationDate="2015-06-22T14:26:31.323" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Out of context I can't say if you want to translate &quot;her mouth watered&quot; literally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you do, you don't use &lt;em&gt;потекли слюнки&lt;/em&gt;, it is a figure of speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd go with this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Там варят самый вкусный и ароматный кофе в мире — &lt;em&gt;копи лювак&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, — шептал он ей протяжно и загадочно. От одной лишь мелодии названия Наташин рот наполнился слюной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally it would be &lt;em&gt;звуки названия&lt;/em&gt; but this makes a parasitic alliteration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to say the sound of name made her crave a cup of coffee, your version is ok, though I would still drop that &lt;em&gt;причём&lt;/em&gt; and made it two sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T14:26:31.323" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8956" CreationDate="2015-06-22T14:30:56.400" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;code&gt;имеет&lt;/code&gt; is transitive just like in English, German, etc., that is why what follows it are its direct objects and, naturally, they are in the Accusative case. In your example all the nouns are animate, and in Russian all the animate plural nouns (сыновей, собак, жен are plural and animate) have their Accusative case the same as their Genitive case, that is why you had mistaken it for the Genitive case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;code&gt;У меня есть&lt;/code&gt;, what follows this expression is the subject of the expression, that is why it is in the Nominative case, you can easily see that in the past of future tense where the predicate verb быть (Present есть, Past был, Future буду) agrees in number with the subject:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Past Singular: У меня &lt;strong&gt;был друг&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Past Plural: У меня &lt;strong&gt;были друзья&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T14:30:56.400" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8964" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8966" CreationDate="2015-06-22T19:33:04.830" Score="2" ViewCount="268" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a habit of using &lt;strong&gt;всё ещё&lt;/strong&gt; in situations that call for &quot;still&quot; or &quot;yet&quot; in English. Apparently in my mind they're interchangeable, with a leaning towards &lt;strong&gt;всё ещё&lt;/strong&gt; as the default in all cases. Natives are continuously correcting this back to bare &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt;. I've tried to find rules for the usage of these terms and wasn't successful. Any help would be appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-06-23T01:42:04.263" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T01:42:04.263" Title="ещё -vs- всё ещё" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8708" CreationDate="2015-06-22T20:00:36.047" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had fun - Я веселился/повеселился/развлекался / Мне было весело&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I'm having fun - Я веселюсь/развлекаюсь&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It's fun - Это весело&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Have fun - Повеселись&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5639" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T20:00:36.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8964" CreationDate="2015-06-22T20:26:42.263" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &quot;ещё&quot; version tends to be used in a situation when something doesn't happen for the reason it's a bit early for it to happen. The &quot;всё ещё&quot; version has a slight hint in it that the time has come for something to happen but it still doesn't happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Она ещё не замужем. (probably she's a young girl)&#xA;&#xA;Она всё ещё не замужем. (sounds like she's not too young at that)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T20:26:42.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8967" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-22T20:57:34.130" Score="25" ViewCount="3198" Body="&lt;p&gt;I really want to become fluent in Russian. And I've been trying for so many years. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With a risk that this question will be closed, I can't think of a better place to ask this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My wife is of Russian origin (we don't speak Russian at home, I've been trying to ask her but she always gets back to my native language) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been over every single russian learning resource on the web. 99% of the &quot;advanced russian&quot; apps and audiobooks I've tried are already too easy for me and teach me nothing new. But I still can't get past this barrier, I'm trying to get my Russian to a level where I can &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Understand movies (e.g. Служебный роман)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Understanding our friends / her when they talk in social settings (lot's of slang and coltural references)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Understand the news &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Be able to read classic books (even classic childrens book use &quot;high&quot; words for me)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What I tried:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I have a russian radio station on whenever I can, I can most of the time understand what the topic is, and if I try I can figure out individual words, but they talk so fast that I can't get it all connected (still not past the &quot;translating it word by word&quot; phase) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using Memrize to get the top 5,000 Russian words. I'm so far flashing through it (got to 500) and haven't found a single word I don't know. But I'm sure I'll get to new words soon.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I tried to ask my wife to speak Russian to me, the kids will also benefit (they don't speak Russian!) but it's too hard, she always forgets and goes back to my native language (or English). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What I'm looking for:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For my car - something like Memrize but with audio, just saying a word and it's translation. There are probably many of these, but I can't find the one that fits my vocabulary level. Most of the ones I tried simply repeat the same old &quot;how to get from the bus to the train station and get a hotel room&quot; vocabulary that is not really helping me move to the next level. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How I wish there was a website for russian learning where they record real people speak and then play it slowly and explain word by word. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Same for movies - I wonder if there is some program that takes a famous Russian movie and plays it slowly and explains all words that are not &quot;common&quot; (e.g. not top 1000). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sorry if this is a duplicate or violating the FAQ, but I really can't think of a more relevant place to ask that question (I'm a programmer, so on my drive to work I asked myself, why isn't there a &quot;stackoverflow&quot; for Russian learning?and then I realized, that it might already exist, so happy it does, please don't close me as off topic / non constructive, you are my only hope)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bottom line&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've tried almost everything and I can't get to the &quot;advanced&quot; level in Russian for the past 10 years or so. What are some recommended action items to move to the next level? (Except moving to Russia for a few years, I asked my wife and she refuses at the moment, although I would love to personally) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5641" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-16T14:55:38.560" LastActivityDate="2017-06-16T14:55:38.560" Title="Been learning Russian for 10 years, still can't understand my wife when she talks with her friends, what to do?" Tags="&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="11" CommentCount="16" FavoriteCount="8" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-06-12T09:10:57.823" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8923" CreationDate="2015-06-22T22:28:22.643" Score="2" Body="&lt;h3&gt;A Sum-up&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;упокой&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;idiomatic&lt;/em&gt;: eternal peace), from Church Slavonic &lt;em&gt;упокоити&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;поцелуй&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (a kiss), from &lt;em&gt;поцелова́ть&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;to give a kiss&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Guessed words:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;нагоняй&lt;/code&gt; (scolding), …&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastActivityDate="2015-06-22T22:28:22.643" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2015-06-22T22:28:22.643" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8969" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8972" CreationDate="2015-06-23T00:24:49.907" Score="0" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the Alchemist by Paulo Coelho,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Путь к сокровищу стал на два часа короче.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I understand this sentence correctly, it means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The path to the treasure stood 2 hours closer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But why is &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; used here ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5576" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T01:07:31.680" Title="Путь к сокровищу стал на два часа короче" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8959" CreationDate="2015-06-23T00:35:58.567" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There they brew the most delicious and richest coffee in the world -&#xA;  Kopi Luwak.&quot; he whispered slowly and mysteriously, while Natasha's&#xA;  mouth watered at the mere sound of the name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Там заваривают кофе, вкуснейший и богатейший в мире — копи-лувак, — произнес он так таинственно и медленно, что Наташа почти почувствовала его привкус от одного только звучания этого имени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T00:35:58.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8967" CreationDate="2015-06-23T01:01:38.100" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I feel I can relate to where you come from a little.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I am a programmer who has a wife who came from a foreign country and speaks a foreign language. She is from the U.S. and we speak English at home.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Soon we will have our first born and the common tongue will be English. Plus, I will teach him some Korean (my native language) so he can talk to his grandpa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have been watching a lot of TV shows from English speaking countires (mostly U.K. and U.S.) to get all the cultural references.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Simpsons(U.S.) and My Family (U.K.) did a good job.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Get some DVDs of famous Russian TV shows and watch it over and over.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;They will probably have Russian subtitles too for the disabled. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, go to a broadcast station website.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;When I was learning, I went to BBC.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;They usually have news articles and the video or audio streaming that you can watch or listen to. That way you can listen and have the scripts for you to analyse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used to go to vesti.ru but these days I can't make some time for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am currently reading the Alchemist by Paulo Coelho in Russian.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I have read this book 5 times in English.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Repetetion is my friend.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Find your favourite books in Russian and read them.&#xA;If books like these (for adults) are too difficult, read childrens books too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you do not understand something, &lt;strong&gt;study again until you understand&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could not find any other way than &lt;strong&gt;repeat until you get it&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5576" LastEditorUserId="5576" LastEditDate="2015-06-23T01:08:58.797" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T01:08:58.797" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-06-12T09:10:57.823" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8972" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8969" CreationDate="2015-06-23T01:07:31.680" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Стал&lt;/em&gt; is the past tense of &lt;em&gt;стать&lt;/em&gt;, no longer related in modern Russian to any of &lt;em&gt;стоять&lt;/em&gt;'s prefixed perfective pairs. It's &quot;the path to the treasure &lt;em&gt;became&lt;/em&gt; shorter by two hours&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;На&lt;/em&gt; is always used when specifying the amount with comparatives; an exception is &lt;em&gt;раз&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;times&quot;) which uses &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;, as in &lt;strong&gt;в два раза быстрее&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;twice as fast&quot;. This &quot;&lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; for multiplication&quot; is also reflected in adverbialised compounds such as &lt;em&gt;вдвое&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;втрое&lt;/em&gt;. Other than that, even fractions, percentages and logarithmics use &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;на две третьих меньше&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;less by two thirds&quot;, &lt;strong&gt;на порядок дороже&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;more expensive by an order of magnitude&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T01:07:31.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8967" CreationDate="2015-06-23T01:56:22.440" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will answer in Russian because it seems that you know it well enough. I've translated some phrases which seem the most difficult to me. If you have more questions, feel free to ask.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;My wife is of Russian origin (we don't speak Russian at home, I've been trying to ask her but she always gets back to my native language) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У вас рядом есть носитель языка (native speaker). Простое общение — это лучший способ учить язык, по крайней мере улучшать навыки устной речи. Почему она предпочитает говорить по-английски? Возможно, это просто удобно, а особого смысла говорить по-русски нет. Попробуйте поговорить об этом с такой позиции (in the following manner/way) : вы хотите изучать русский и вам нужна ее помощь. Вы можете договориться о том, чтобы говорить по-русски пару часов в день или в какие-то определенные дни. Попробуйте поставить общую задачу и вместе ее выполнять.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еще один ресурс - фильмы с субтитрами (&lt;em&gt;на русском языке&lt;/em&gt;, просто чтобы лучше понимать речь). Если вы не поймете какие-то слова - ничего страшного (not a trouble), попробуйте понять по контексту. Я сам два года назад решил, что хочу совершенствовать понимание английского на слух. Абсолютно все фильмы, которые я просмотрел за эти два года, были на английском. Поначалу я использовал английские субтитры, но совсем недавно заметил, что они мне уже не нужны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Аудиокниги прекрасны тем, что их (обычно) читают профессиональные дикторы. У них правильное произношение (correct pronunciation) и они никуда не спешат, в отличие от радиоведущих (radio DJs). Снова из личного опыта: прослушал первую книгу о Гарри Поттере в исполнении Стивена Фрая, у которого идеальный британский акцент. Кстати, можете спросить у жены о ее любимых произведениях русской литературы и послушать их.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То, что вы упорно идете к своей цели уже 10 лет, вызывает уважение. Продолжайте в том же духе, успех придёт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5582" LastEditorUserId="5582" LastEditDate="2015-06-23T08:38:18.737" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T08:38:18.737" CommentCount="11" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-06-12T09:10:57.823" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8974" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8975" CreationDate="2015-06-23T04:09:17.670" Score="2" ViewCount="252" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both seem to be perfective and mean &quot;to return&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I saw more verbs that have -ться counter parts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference ?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;What meaning does &quot;-ться“ carry ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5576" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T08:10:14.893" Title="вернуть and вернуться" Tags="&lt;суффиксы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8974" CreationDate="2015-06-23T05:04:51.193" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вернуть&lt;/em&gt; is to return as in give something back. &lt;em&gt;Вернуться&lt;/em&gt; is to return as in come back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ся&lt;/em&gt; (which becomes &lt;em&gt;-сь&lt;/em&gt; after a vowel, except in adjectival participles) is simply the reflexive particle. &lt;em&gt;Вернуться&lt;/em&gt; is literally &quot;to return oneself&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ться&lt;/em&gt; is, grammatically, just the sum of its parts (infinitive &lt;em&gt;-ть&lt;/em&gt; + reflexive &lt;em&gt;-ся&lt;/em&gt;); phonetically, though, it's notable for its irregular non-palatalised pronunciation, e.g. &lt;em&gt;напиться&lt;/em&gt; rhymes perfectly with &lt;em&gt;пицца&lt;/em&gt;. Moreover, &lt;em&gt;-ться&lt;/em&gt; is identical in pronunciation to the third-person present &lt;em&gt;-тся&lt;/em&gt;, resulting in perhaps the most commonplace of spelling mistakes made by Russians, a sort of cultural equivalent of &quot;your&quot;/&quot;you're&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-06-23T05:23:59.850" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T05:23:59.850" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8974" CreationDate="2015-06-23T05:08:38.833" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider &quot;I return&quot; (or &quot;I'll be back&quot;) = &quot;Я вернусь&quot; vs &quot;Return it to sender&quot; = &quot;Вернуть отправителю&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;-ся&quot; is the reflexive particle much like one in German/Italian/Spanish etc. You may treat &quot;вернуться&quot; as &quot;return oneself&quot; although hardly anyone says so in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T05:08:38.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8967" CreationDate="2015-06-23T06:15:45.633" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that the main problem is the lack of self-confidence. That's not really a problem if your wife is speaking English to you. Just answer her in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's great that you can mostly understand the posts written in Russian but it would be much better if you asked your question in it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How to make yourself to believe you can talk Russian well, well, it's a different story. Personally I found that &quot;hardways&quot; really help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you want to be able to read classic books in Russian? Then start reading them. It's OK if you can't understand a word - more frequently you'd use a dictionary. Afraid of &quot;high words&quot;? Read poetry every day before the breakfast. Even if you'll never use these words in everyday life simply knowing them is the evidence you know Russian well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, if you want to go forward then do move forward. You have everything for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T06:15:45.633" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-06-12T09:10:57.823" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8974" CreationDate="2015-06-23T08:10:14.893" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я должен вернуть долг. Скоро заканчивается его срок.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я хочу вернуть книгу.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Она хотела вернуть любовь.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я должен вернуться домой. Забыл ключи от гаража.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мы можем вернуться к первому вопросу из списка.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Они собрались вернуться на корабль.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4920" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T08:10:14.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8967" CreationDate="2015-06-23T10:14:40.327" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Увы, кино, телепередачи и даже живая речь очень слабо насыщены фразеологизмами. Фразеологизмы (idioms) составляют главную трудность в понимании языка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется, что лучше изучать идиомы в их концентрированном виде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Найдите бесплатную компьютерную программу &quot;РазгРусс&quot; (разговорный русский). В ней более тысячи труднопонимаемых разговорных фраз, как наговоренных дикторами, так и взятых из песен, радиопередач, фильмов, телешоу. Тренинг заключается в выборе подходящего толкования фразы из предлагаемого списка. Сами фразы можно либо просто читать, либо читать и слушать, либо только слушать.&#xA;Наверное, такая программа понравится и Вашей жене.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastEditorUserId="4270" LastEditDate="2015-06-23T10:26:41.087" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T10:26:41.087" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-06-12T09:10:57.823" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8980" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8985" CreationDate="2015-06-23T12:46:55.787" Score="4" ViewCount="471" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Гости остановились у нас в совершенно блатном углу в специальном кубрике для вип-гостей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(В. Березин, &lt;em&gt;Путевые знаки&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что значит &lt;em&gt;блатной угол&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-06-23T13:12:27.667" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T13:12:27.667" Title="Блатной угол - что это значит?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8981" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8998" CreationDate="2015-06-23T12:48:39.540" Score="4" ViewCount="341" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я первый раз в жизни удивил Бутова и это бы я запомнил навсегда. Это стало бы главным событием моей жизни, про меня рассказывали бы легенды, но последующие события были &lt;strong&gt;куда круче&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(В. Березин, &lt;em&gt;Путевые знаки&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что значит &lt;em&gt;куда круче&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;/edit: Как получилось, что у слова &lt;em&gt;куда&lt;/em&gt; появилось такое странное значение?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-06-23T16:23:28.720" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T01:46:39.047" Title="Куда круче - значение" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8982" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8984" CreationDate="2015-06-23T12:54:34.083" Score="5" ViewCount="2013" Body="&lt;p&gt;Оба слова переводятся на польский и английский языки как &quot;równy&quot; и &quot;equal&quot;, соответственно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли между ними какая-то разница?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-06-23T13:41:25.927" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T14:43:50.147" Title="Ровно или равно?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8981" CreationDate="2015-06-23T12:57:13.253" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means that events later were much more colorful and exciting (to be remembered) than before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4637" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T12:57:13.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8982" CreationDate="2015-06-23T13:04:53.450" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это довольно разные слова, причем их тут не два, а три.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;рáвно&lt;/strong&gt; (adverb): &quot;equally&quot;, &quot;in equal measure&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e.g. &lt;em&gt;равно влияет на них&lt;/em&gt; &quot;affects them equally&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;равнó&lt;/strong&gt; (predicate): &quot;equals&quot;, &quot;is equal to&quot;, &quot;is tantamount to&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e.g. &lt;em&gt;равно нулю&lt;/em&gt; &quot;is equal to zero&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;рóвно&lt;/strong&gt; (adverb): &quot;exactly&quot;, &quot;straight&quot;, &quot;in a level way&quot;, &quot;smoothly&quot;, &quot;uniformly&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e.g. &lt;em&gt;ровно в два&lt;/em&gt; &quot;at two [o'clock] sharp&quot;, &lt;em&gt;стоять ровно&lt;/em&gt; &quot;to stand straight&quot;, &lt;em&gt;ровно сто&lt;/em&gt; &quot;exactly a hundred&quot;, &lt;em&gt;дорога тянулась ровно&lt;/em&gt; &quot;the road stretched smoothly&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-06-23T13:13:07.190" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T13:13:07.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8985" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8980" CreationDate="2015-06-23T13:09:07.737" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здесь &quot;угол&quot; в смысле &quot;комната&quot;, &quot;место&quot; (для постоя). &quot;Блатной&quot; может также иметь разные значения, здесь - &quot;особенно хорошее&quot;, &quot;доступное только для особых персон&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово &quot;блатной&quot; имеет сниженную стилистику. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T13:09:07.737" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8967" CreationDate="2015-06-23T17:05:11.870" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Words, Words, and more words—in my experience I needed to know 7–8,000 words before things became much easier. Maybe this isn't a problem for you, sorry :), but I think a lot of people can't understand a language simply because they don't know enough words. That doesn't mean one should just learn words—you have to listen and read too—but it's impossible to understand something if you're lacking the vocabulary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Vocabulary is not a problem, than I would suggest listening to things that are just a little above your level—start with kids shows, then move up; don't start with movies or difficult books. I started with shows for 5 year olds then 12 then 15 then etc etc—it's way more motivating than starting with the hardest materials.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck with everything :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS—Route memorization and repetition the old fashioned way works just as well as the fancy programs in my opinion)))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T17:05:11.870" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-06-12T09:10:57.823" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8987" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8988" CreationDate="2015-06-23T17:13:47.217" Score="4" ViewCount="131" Body="&lt;p&gt;Обычно страдательный залог несовершенного вида образуется с помощью частицы &lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но я вот думаю: имеет ли в таком случае конструкция &lt;em&gt;быть + ст. пр. наст.&lt;/em&gt; другое значение? Или, может, такая конструкция вообще не используется? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например: &lt;em&gt;экзамен (есть) сдаваем(ый) учеником&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-06-23T17:22:27.813" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T14:40:10.807" Title="Быть и страдательное причастие настоящего времени" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8987" CreationDate="2015-06-23T17:36:54.943" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a widely used construct in Church Slavonic but is not normally used in modern Russian, except with some verbs which can't form reflexive or change their meaning in reflexive form: &lt;em&gt;любить, судить&lt;/em&gt; etc:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он был любим богами&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он был неоднократно судим федеральным судом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find it in some older texts though:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Вот почему ребёнок благодаря своей необычной впечатлительности &lt;strong&gt;должен быть оберегаем&lt;/strong&gt; от всего, что так или иначе может пагубно отразиться на его детской природе. // &lt;em&gt;[В. М. Бехтерев. Внушение и воспитание (1911)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;У славянофилов оно выражалось только в более резкой форме и &lt;strong&gt;эпигонами их было доводимо&lt;/strong&gt; до крайности; например, К. Н. Леонтьев чуть не прославлял русского человека за то, что ему чужда «вексельная честность» западноевропейского буржуа. // &lt;em&gt;[Б. А. Кистяковский. В защиту права (1909)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays, one would say &lt;em&gt;должен оберегаться&lt;/em&gt; (or even better &lt;em&gt;ребёнка нужно оберегать&lt;/em&gt;); &lt;em&gt;эпигонами доводилось&lt;/em&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Abusing participle constructs is a sign of poor style. From Nora Gal's &lt;em&gt;Слово живое и мёртвое&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Живой, тем более современной русской речи деепричастия не очень свойственны, и причастными оборотами люди тоже говорят редко, разве что в официальных и торжественных случаях, обычно – читая по бумажке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She also provides several examples of poor style participle constructs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И никто не увидит нас вернувшимися обратно (correct: &lt;em&gt;очевидно, мы не вернёмся&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он... почувствовал себя преследуемым (correct: &lt;em&gt;ему чудилось, будто его преследуют&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T20:07:53.073" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8989" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-23T19:07:31.463" Score="2" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;Остудил воду (?) называется...&#xA;Пошел купаться (?) называется...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нужно ли здесь тире или, возможно, другой знак?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5646" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-06-24T14:59:42.013" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T14:59:42.013" Title="Ставится ли тире: &quot;Остудил воду (?) называется...&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8989" CreationDate="2015-06-23T19:17:00.660" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You need a comma here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal, 99:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Запятыми выделяются вводные слова и словосочетания. Различается несколько основных групп вводных слов по их значению:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5) вводные слова, выражающие отношение к стилю речи, к характеру и способу изложения: &lt;em&gt;словом, одним словом, иными словами, другими словами, иначе говоря, коротко говоря, попросту сказать, мягко выражаясь, если можно так сказать, если можно так выразиться, с позволения сказать, лучше сказать, так сказать, что называется&lt;/em&gt; и др.: слова &lt;em&gt;собственно, вообще, вернее, точнее, скорее&lt;/em&gt; и т.п. являются вводными, если после них можно добавить слово &lt;em&gt;говоря&lt;/em&gt;. Например: &lt;em&gt;...Правление уполномочило его ускорить работы, то есть, иными словами, он сам себя уполномочил к этому (Куприн); А Клавдия ушла, вернее, убежала, смущенно укрыв шалью лицо (Ю. Лаптев)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T19:17:00.660" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8989" CreationDate="2015-06-23T19:17:22.837" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;В приведённых примерах, &lt;code&gt;называется&lt;/code&gt; является междометием, поэтому его нужно отделить запятой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T19:17:22.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8992" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8982" CreationDate="2015-06-23T19:48:13.180" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вопрос, собственно, сводится к следующим:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему мы землю р&lt;kbd&gt;о&lt;/kbd&gt;вняли, а получили р&lt;kbd&gt;а&lt;/kbd&gt;внину?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;   równina                            &lt;b&gt;Polish&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;   равнина                            &lt;b&gt;Russian&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;   &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему два человека р&lt;kbd&gt;а&lt;/kbd&gt;вного возраста р&lt;kbd&gt;о&lt;/kbd&gt;весники?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;   rówieśnik                          &lt;b&gt;Polish&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;   ровесник                           &lt;b&gt;Russian&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt; &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Рассмотрим такую диаграмму:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;       &lt;b&gt;Polish&lt;/b&gt;             &lt;b&gt;English&lt;/b&gt;      &lt;b&gt;Russian&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;                          flatten  --&gt; ровнять      &#xA;  one root ┐_ równać __ /               |___________ one root = р&lt;kbd&gt;о/а&lt;/kbd&gt;в  &#xA;  one word ┘            \               |&#xA;                          equal    --&gt; равнять&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt; &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В английском две лексемы. В русском и польском одна, но в русском с изменяемой гласной в корне. В русском безударные гласные произносятся в зависимости от погоды, времени суток, места проживания и количества выпитых спиртных напитков )) Видимо, эта вариативность и позволила не брать новую лексему, а закрепить в письменном языке два различных значения, сохранив основу в корневой морфеме. На слух, если гласные без ударения, нельзя с уверенностью сказать, какое слово сказано.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T19:48:13.180" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8967" CreationDate="2015-06-23T20:47:57.337" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One more 'tip' from the one not in the situation of Russian learners, rather an English learner. Personal experience, as usual.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Subtitles&lt;/strong&gt; help to understand words but they can draw away from oral &lt;em&gt;speech&lt;/em&gt; recognition. It can be a torture to try to listen to dialogues and follow the subtitles for speech fragments I can’t make out. Once I started to read subtitles I can’t stop and get back to hear actual speaking. Even worse if it trains to hear through the written text.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Vocabulary is not your biggest problem, as I can see. But mostly you are in the abyss of &lt;strong&gt;passive/written&lt;/strong&gt; language learning. (Aren’t you?) Logic says: strive to make it &lt;em&gt;active&lt;/em&gt;; use your Russian whenever possible (don’t care how good it is — someone’s life depends on it?). First let is start 'running'.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;One more thing: comprehending in a slow and/or word-by-word way can be a false strategy. Put it aside for cases when nothing else helps.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;At last, I mention &lt;em&gt;my&lt;/em&gt; double mistake: (1) trying to understand everything at once in oral speech (a gimme-all-’n-now mistake), (2) trying it hard with all my &lt;em&gt;intellectual&lt;/em&gt; abilities when hearing — the system gets overloaded quickly. Certain things can be skipped to be keeping in touch with what is being spoken. (When you just start catching the speech.) Sometimes lazy, non-mind-struggling hearing can open the gates closed for conscious efforts. Though repeating the unhearable seem to be the principal way.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, you asked what to do, I sang mostly about what not to.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Sorry if too much of imperative here…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastActivityDate="2015-06-23T20:47:57.337" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-06-12T09:10:57.823" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8994" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="8995" CreationDate="2015-06-24T00:52:00.980" Score="2" ViewCount="306" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, we use &lt;strong&gt;нравиться&lt;/strong&gt; to express likes.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я им нравлюсь.&#xA;  They like me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google translate, however, gave me this for the translation of &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He doesn't like chatting on the Internet.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ему не нравится &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; чате в Интернете.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why not &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чат в интернете ему не нравится  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ему не нравится чат в интернете.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5576" LastEditorUserId="4637" LastEditDate="2015-06-24T20:51:14.623" LastActivityDate="2015-06-28T10:01:46.600" Title="He doesn't like chatting on the Internet" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8994" CreationDate="2015-06-24T11:07:35.013" Score="2" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;He doesn't like chatting on the Internet.&#xA;Ему не нравится в чате в Интернете.&#xA;Чат в интернете ему не нравится&#xA;Ему не нравится чат в интернете.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;He doesn't like &lt;strong&gt;chatting&lt;/strong&gt; on the Internet.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;Он не любит &lt;strong&gt;чатиться&lt;/strong&gt; в интернете.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;Ему не нравится &lt;strong&gt;чатиться&lt;/strong&gt; в интернете. (when &quot;чатиться&quot; used, &quot;в интернете&quot; is redundant)&#xA;&lt;br&gt;verb, process&#xA;&lt;br&gt;чатиться = &quot;to chat&quot;, Russified, wide used&#xA;&lt;br&gt;общаться, болтать в интернете = any communication. including any multimedia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Чат в интернете ему не нравится / Ему не нравится &lt;strong&gt;чат&lt;/strong&gt; в Интернете.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;He doesn't like &lt;strong&gt;a chat&lt;/strong&gt; on the Internet.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;noun, place&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Чат в интернете = a chat (each or any), not &quot;the chat&quot;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;Тот(этот) чат в интернете = the chat&#xA;&lt;br&gt;%имя_чата% ему не нравится = he doesn't like %chat_name%&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&quot;В кроватке&quot; ему не нравится = he doesn't like In-The-Bed-Chat&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;some Russified words :))&#xA;&lt;br&gt;— чатиться = to chat&#xA;&lt;br&gt;— скайпиться = to skype&#xA;&lt;br&gt;— сёрфить (редко используется) = &quot;сидеть в интернете&quot; (часто используется) = to surf&#xA;&lt;br&gt;— смситься, эсемеситься, эсэмэситься = to SMS&#xA;&lt;br&gt;— аська, васька = icq. Here is a wordplay. Ася — это женское имя, Аська — уменьшительно-ласкательное Ася. &quot;Я &lt;strong&gt;в аське&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; means &quot;I'm &lt;strong&gt;in the ICQ&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;I'm &lt;strong&gt;online in the ICQ&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. Васька = Вася = Василий — мужское имя.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5550" LastEditorUserId="5550" LastEditDate="2015-06-24T11:37:39.853" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T11:37:39.853" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8989" CreationDate="2015-06-24T11:47:47.747" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a sarcasm. One wanted to have a bath, but he had only hot water in the pipes, so he decided to cool, and put a bucket of water to fridge, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;1. but electricity was turned off, because of line disconnect. So one didn't has a bath.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;or&#xA;&lt;br&gt;2. but fridge was very powerful, or one forgot to remove the bucket from the fridge and got the ice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And he says:&#xA;&lt;br&gt;— Остудил воду, называется... Пошел купаться, называется...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5550" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T11:47:47.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8981" CreationDate="2015-06-24T13:08:58.977" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эпитетом «крутой» традиционно переводится английское (а также немецкое и&#xA;французское) «cool» (досл. «прохладный»), означающее «спокойный», «уравновешенный», «хладнокровный», «бесстрастный». Английское «Cool!» — практически полный аналог нашего «Круто!» и так же, imho, не имеет ни малейшего негативного подтекста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В разговорной речи крутым называют человека, который многого добился в жизни, имеет хороший заработок, престижную работу, большие связи, власть и т. п.&#xA;Крутые парни. |&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сущ.&#xA;В этой тихой камерной обстановке отдыхают крутые — те, у которых на лице написано: «Жизнь удалась».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;7&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Действия, решения и т. п. называют крутыми, если они строгие, решительные.&#xA;Предпринять крутые меры. |&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;нар.&#xA;С незаконными эмигрантами в этой стране обходятся весьма круто: их немедленно высылают за пределы государства.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Крутым в разговоре вы называете что-либо очень модное, привлекательное, то, что вызывает у вас восхищение, одобрение.&#xA;У него крутой мобильник. | На ней был надет крутой костюм из красной кожи. |&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;нар.&#xA;Музыканты очень круто играли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Рестораны, клубы и т. п. в разговорной речи называют крутыми, если они достаточно дорогие и там собираются известные люди, например певцы, музыканты и т. п.&#xA;Её часто видят в крутом ресторане в гостинице «Рэдиссон-Славянская».&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Вы используете в разговорной речи восклицание Круто!, когда одобряете что-либо, выражаете своё удовольствие или восхищение этим.&#xA;Каникулы в Англии — это круто!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-06-24T13:52:32.347" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T13:52:32.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="8999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8987" CreationDate="2015-06-24T13:41:21.597" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Во-первых, в русском языке глагол &quot;быть&quot; в настоящем времени почти всегда опускается. В том числе и при использовании страдательных причастий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Во-вторых, только краткое страдательное причастие может быть сказуемым. Т.е. слова &quot;Экзамен сдаваемый учеником&quot; звучат как часть предложения, но не как целое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В-третьих, в разговорной речи использование распространенных причастных оборотов имеет ограниченный характер. То есть, во многих случаях будет более уместно использовать какую-нибудь равносильную конструкцию, например придаточное предложение: &quot;Экзамен, который сдаёт ученик, ...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T13:41:21.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8981" CreationDate="2015-06-24T14:35:23.817" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means in Russian language something like 'much cooler'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5650" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T14:35:23.817" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8987" CreationDate="2015-06-24T14:40:10.807" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In russian language there is no need to translate 'be'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5650" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T14:40:10.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8982" CreationDate="2015-06-24T14:43:50.147" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the value. If you would like to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;У меня на это ушло рОвно две недели&quot;, use &quot;ровно&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In another case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Два минус один рАвно один&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Мне все рАвно, когда это произойдет&quot;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;you should use 'A'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5650" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T14:43:50.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8981" CreationDate="2015-06-24T15:14:41.970" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In present days &quot;круто&quot; mostly means &quot;great&quot;. It should not be translated as &quot;cool&quot; except in places where both &quot;great&quot; and &quot;cool&quot; are appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the original meaning goes like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;крутой&quot; - &quot;tough guy&quot;&#xA;&quot;крутые меры&quot; - &quot;strong measures&quot;.&#xA;&quot;куда круче&quot; ~ more harsh than expected/previously was.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T15:14:41.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9006" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9007" CreationDate="2015-06-24T20:30:30.890" Score="3" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was asked about one (or two ?) Russian verse(s) by a colleague of mine asking if I could find their exact reference. He had in memory a rough translation (in French) and remembered only that Pushkin was their author :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The hurricane has passed away / very few survived /&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The French translation my colleague gave me :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;L'ouragan a passé / bien peu ont survécu /&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find these words in the few Pushkin's poems I already know; Google didn't return any relevant results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any help would be appreciated !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5652" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T20:48:30.057" Title="exact reference of some Pushkin's verses" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9006" CreationDate="2015-06-24T20:40:30.473" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not 100% sure this is what you're after, but there's a poem by Sergei Yesenin, written in 1924, &lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/esenin/texts/es2/es2-094-.htm&quot;&gt;Русь Советская (Soviet Russia)&lt;/a&gt;, which starts with this text:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Тот ураган прошел. Нас мало уцелело.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  На перекличке дружбы многих нет.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я вновь вернулся в край осиротелый,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В котором не был восемь лет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first line can be translated into English, roughly, as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;That hurricane has passed.  Very few of us survived.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't been able to find any reference to a similar text by Pushkin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2015-06-24T20:48:30.057" LastActivityDate="2015-06-24T20:48:30.057" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9008" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-25T08:55:34.100" Score="3" ViewCount="309" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all: can I use &lt;code&gt;Eсли&lt;/code&gt; without &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; without &lt;code&gt;Eсли&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I see here, the first and the second start with &lt;code&gt;Eсли бы&lt;/code&gt; but in the second part of the sentence just &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; remains:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eсли бы я был богат, я бы не работал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если бы я изучал медицину, я был бы врач.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the difference is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in the first sentence: бы я был&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and in the second one: я был бы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;why there is another structure?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the third I can not understand why there is a genitive or accusative case for &amp;quot;me&amp;quot; instead of &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если меня здесь не было, я бы не хотел изучать русский язык.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also in the first part there is no &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;can you help me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6497" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-06-26T13:42:44.823" Title="Eсли and бы - Can you tell me why these sentences are all different?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9009" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-25T09:19:52.807" Score="3" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мы говорим: меня сушит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;Голос Паклина беспрестанно обрывался, как у человека, которого сушит и мучит жажда.&#xA;                                                            [Тургенев. Новь (1877)]&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В литературном языке глагол &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82%22&amp;amp;tbm=bks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;сушит&quot; употребляется в значении&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;а) субъект имеет желание, и это желание его сушит; или&lt;br&gt;&#xA;б) нечто действует на субъект как причина, и субъект сушится от причины.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Желание у субъекта есть активное действие, направленное на объект, мы говорим: субъекту хочется иметь объект. Объектом может быть не только вещь, но и процесс. Например: &lt;em&gt;пить, уехать, курить...&lt;/em&gt; При этом в литературной речи соотношение желаний&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[пить/делать что-то др.] = 10/90.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для тургеневского &quot;Человека сушит жажда&quot; мы рассмотрим три примера:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;Человека сушит жажда денег.         (1)&#xA;Человека сушит жажда пить.          (2)&#xA;Человека сушит жажда.               (3)&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И (1), и (2) допустимы, но в (3) не указан объект. Следовательно, Тургенев предлагает читателю взять объект из контекста. Из контекста понятно, что слово &quot;жажда&quot; нужно понимать как желание пить. Следовательно, &lt;strong&gt;Тургенев применяет не тавтологию, усиление или уточнение, а наоборот, экономное сокращение слов, не называя объект, который понятен из контекста.&lt;/strong&gt; (всё правильно?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ниже я представлю заготовку(unfinished scheme), и было бы интересно разобрать это всё в английском. Во что превращается слово &quot;жажда&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;thirst (n.) — Old English thyrre, root *ters- &quot;dry&quot; (see terrain)&#xA;                                              сушить       суша&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;thirst (n.)&#xA;  |         in desire (?)&#xA;  |       /&#xA; ters --- &#xA;          \  in need of a drink (?)&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кстати, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  сухой, сушеный хлеб = черствый хлеб &#xA;            ┌──same sounds──┘      &#xA;         thirsty&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-06-28T10:23:56.803" Title="Меня сушит жажда. (I'm thirsty, I have a thirst for smth to drink.) Это тавтология, усиление или уточняющее определение?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9008" CreationDate="2015-06-25T09:28:34.577" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;First of all: can I use Eсли without бы or бы without Eсли?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; is a way to express &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjunctive_mood&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Subjunctive mood&lt;/a&gt; in Russian. Verb forms are translated into English with &lt;em&gt;would / could&lt;/em&gt; when &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; is used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to answer your question: yes, you can but that changes the meaning. Everything with &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; is not real.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;why there is another structure?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This looks like a word order question. Why &lt;code&gt;если бы я был&lt;/code&gt; and not &lt;code&gt;если я был бы&lt;/code&gt;? First of all there are things you have to take for granted when learning a language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the explanation can be like this: the sooner you introduce &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; the better because it changes everything: real to unreal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plus &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; is so flexible that it can be practically anywhere in a sentence not to mention that it can be repeated many times in one sentence (in colloquial speech): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я бы хотел бы ...&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если меня здесь не было, я бы не хотел изучать русский язык.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not correct (grammatically and stylistically). To fix grammar:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Если бы меня здесь не было, я бы не хотел изучать русский язык.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically it means: If I were not here I wouldn't want to learn Russian. To fix both:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Если бы я сюда не приехал, я бы не стал изучать русский язык.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;why there is a genitive or accusative case for &quot;me&quot; instead of я&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a difference between personal and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impersonal_verb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;impersonal&lt;/a&gt; verbs. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я не здесь. Я не был здесь.&lt;/code&gt; - personal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Меня здесь нет. Меня здесь не было.&lt;/code&gt; - impersonal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;code&gt;I&lt;/code&gt; is not in &lt;em&gt;Nominative&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt;) but in &lt;em&gt;Genitive&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;code&gt;меня&lt;/code&gt;) because &lt;code&gt;I&lt;/code&gt; is not a &lt;em&gt;subject&lt;/em&gt; but an &lt;em&gt;object&lt;/em&gt; in these sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastEditorUserId="1671" LastEditDate="2015-06-25T09:43:42.953" LastActivityDate="2015-06-25T09:43:42.953" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9008" CreationDate="2015-06-25T11:11:58.973" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Бы&quot; в современном языке считается частицей, но восходит она к аористу (форме прошедшего времени) глагола &quot;быти&quot;, так что употреблять &quot;бы&quot; можно только с глаголом прошедшего времени (т.е. условное наклонение изначально было составным глагольным временем).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом условное наклонение с &quot;бы&quot; всегда относится к прошедшему времени и означает ситуацию, которая &lt;em&gt;не имела места быть в прошлом&lt;/em&gt; по какой-либо причине. Следует также упомянуть, что кроме того существует несколько особых случаев употребления &quot;бы&quot;, например, вежливое пожелание аналогично &quot;would&quot;: &quot;Не хотели бы Вы...?&quot; - &quot;Would you like...?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Соответственно, конструкция только с &quot;если&quot; без &quot;бы&quot; означает действие или ситуацию, которые в принципе могли произойти в прошлом или могут произойти в настоящем или будущем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-06-25T11:17:39.420" LastActivityDate="2015-06-25T11:17:39.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9008" CreationDate="2015-06-25T11:40:34.283" Score="0" Body="&lt;h2&gt;How the particle &lt;kbd&gt;бы&lt;/kbd&gt; logically works.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;           they told about pure logical condition&#xA;           irrespective of the time&#xA;   ┌────────┴──────────┐&#xA;    Если бы я был богат, я бы не работал. &#xA;    Если    я был богат, я бы не работал. &#xA;   └────────┬──────────┘&#xA;          they told narrowed, about logical condition&#xA;          on scene in the past&#xA;&#xA;               (1)                 (2)  &#xA;    ┌───────────┴────────────┐┌─────┴───────┐&#xA;    Если бы я изучал медицину, я был бы врач.&#xA;    supposed the (1), it hardly implies the (2), &#xA;    irrespective of the time,&#xA;    and scenes (1),(2) may be different.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;               (1)                 (2)  &#xA;    ┌───────────┴────────────┐┌─────┴───────┐    &#xA;    Если    я изучал медицину, я был бы врач.&#xA;    supposed the (1) on scene in the past, the (2) arises logically from the (1),  &#xA;    and the (2) is irrespective of the time,&#xA;    and scenes (1),(2) may be different.&#xA;&#xA;               (1)                   (2)  &#xA;    ┌───────────┴────────────┐┌───────┴───────┐     &#xA;    Если    я изучал медицину, я был    врачом.&#xA;    supposed the (1) on scene in the past, &#xA;    the fact is that the (2) is the fact &#xA;    in the same scene.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentence given in the OP  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;Если меня здесь не было, я бы не хотел изучать русский язык.&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is logically equivalent to &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;Если [object] здесь [verb], then ... .   &lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that the sentence is, in particular, equivalent to &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;Если деревья свалило ветром, then ... .&lt;/pre&gt; &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;we need only take a look at my &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/8829/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F-%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80-vs-%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F-%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC/8837#8837&quot;&gt;answer here&lt;/a&gt;, to illustrate a point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-06-26T13:42:44.823" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9013" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-25T13:25:45.543" Score="4" ViewCount="10586" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would April 17, 2015 be written in Russian, or 4.17.2015?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5654" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-01T12:27:18.670" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T08:50:32.900" Title="How to write the date (April 17, 2015) in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9013" CreationDate="2015-06-25T13:30:55.807" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;April 17, 2015 =&gt; 17 апреля 2015 г.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.17.2015 =&gt; 17.04.2015&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/?rub=data&quot;&gt;http://www.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/?rub=data&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5655" LastActivityDate="2015-06-25T13:30:55.807" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9016" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9018" CreationDate="2015-06-26T02:35:41.213" Score="2" ViewCount="2254" Body="&lt;p&gt;The British music group &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Bandit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;Wikipedia: Clean Bandit&quot;&gt;Clean Bandit&lt;/a&gt; take their name from the Russian &lt;a href=&quot;http://abcnewsradioonline.com/music-news/2014/11/19/clean-bandit-re-releases-album-announces-new-tour-explains-t.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;ABC News Radio: Clean Bandit Re-Releases Album, Announces New Tour &amp;amp; Explains Their Strange Name&quot;&gt;'чистый бандитка'&lt;/a&gt;. Grace Chatto, one of the band's members, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.uptotempo.com/2015/03/chatting-with-grace-chatto-of-clean.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;Up To Tempo: Chatting with Grace Chatto of Clean Bandit&quot;&gt;says&lt;/a&gt; that a Russian lady used it to mean 'total rascal'. She mentions that it's not common slang, however:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;It is not actually a common phrase that Russians use,&quot; Grace explains. &quot;There was a lady who was quite inventive with language who said it. And she described my sister as a 'clean bandit,' like, a 'total rascal.'&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only mentions of 'чистый бандит' I can find are in relation to the band. Would an average Russian speaker understand 'чистый бандит(ка)' to mean something like 'total rascal'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5656" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T04:28:01.177" Title="'Clean bandit' (чистый бандитка) - would a normal Russian speaker understand this to mean 'total rascal'?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9016" CreationDate="2015-06-26T14:26:01.090" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two variants of what they say. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  Чисто бандитка.&#xA;  Чистая бандитка.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;чистый&lt;/code&gt; it's not something that we talking about the feminine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чистый &lt;a href=&quot;https://translate.yandex.ru/?text=%D0%BD%D1%83%20%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%20%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0!%20%20%0A%D0%BD%D1%83%20%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0!&amp;amp;lang=ru-en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;sounds very similar&lt;/a&gt; to чисто, people seem to have confused the words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose it is &lt;code&gt;чисто бандитка.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Чисто&lt;/code&gt; is adverb. A full sentence is abbreviated as &lt;code&gt;Чисто бандитка&lt;/code&gt;. The full sentence is:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt; &#xA;          Она есть чисто бандитка. &#xA;&#xA;  She is clearly a harum-scarum child, wanton.&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-06-26T14:26:01.090" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8981" CreationDate="2015-06-26T17:36:55.820" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;More impressive&quot;, in perhaps a controversial way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3727" LastActivityDate="2015-06-26T17:36:55.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9020" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-27T13:26:02.727" Score="1" ViewCount="276" Body="&lt;p&gt;lerv - what month is that in English? Also the months of Pros - unora - cerv - kvei &#xA;The people on the tombstones were born in Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5660" LastActivityDate="2015-06-27T14:05:39.817" Title="lerv - what month is that in English?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-06-28T11:30:38.673" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9020" CreationDate="2015-06-27T14:05:39.817" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is Czech. &lt;code&gt;prosinec&lt;/code&gt; is December, &lt;code&gt;únor&lt;/code&gt; is February and &lt;code&gt;květen&lt;/code&gt; is May; &lt;em&gt;červ-&lt;/em&gt; is tricky as it could be either &lt;code&gt;červen&lt;/code&gt; &quot;June&quot; or &lt;code&gt;červenec&lt;/code&gt; &quot;July&quot;. What you see as &quot;lerv&quot; could be a corruption of &lt;em&gt;červ-&lt;/em&gt; (there will be two of these in any case, and I'm not aware of any consistent system in Czech for disambiguating the two); alternatively though much less likely, it's &lt;code&gt;leden&lt;/code&gt;, January.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-06-27T14:05:39.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9022" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-28T01:32:32.973" Score="1" ViewCount="603" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hi I'm looking for a tattoo and am of Russian heritage but have no family around me to help me with translations. I have a few ideas about a script tattoo and was wondering if anyone could give me the English equivalent or tell me if something is wrong and maybe correct it. My ideas are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Беда́ не прихо́дит одна́ (Trouble Never Comes Alone)&#xA;-На ловца́ и зверь бежи́т (Prey Runs into a Trapper)&#xA;- У страха глаза велики (Fear Has Large Eyes)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If anyone could help, that would be life-saving!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5663" LastEditorUserId="5582" LastEditDate="2015-06-30T21:04:01.883" LastActivityDate="2015-07-02T14:19:19.417" Title="What is the Russian translation for these proverbs?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2015-07-22T21:33:55.737" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9022" CreationDate="2015-06-28T09:41:12.007" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, these are okay, but mind two things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;( &lt;strong&gt;`&lt;/strong&gt; ) symbols above letters are not commonly used in Russia&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;all three statements you've given are old proverbs. It's like tattooing &quot;East or west, home is best&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5664" LastActivityDate="2015-06-28T09:41:12.007" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9022" CreationDate="2015-06-28T09:41:19.643" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;When it rains, it pours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The game walks into the bag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fear has magnifying eyes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-06-28T09:41:19.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9022" CreationDate="2015-06-28T09:43:03.983" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Во первых это не очень хорошая идея - использовать поговорки))&#xA;&lt;br&gt;What about English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Death pays all debts.&#xA;  &lt;br&gt;Divide and rule.&#xA;  &lt;br&gt;Dog eats dog.&#xA;  &lt;br&gt;Live and learn.&#xA;  &lt;br&gt;No flying from fate.&#xA;  &lt;br&gt;No wisdom like silence.&#xA;  &lt;br&gt;Time and tide wait for no man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sure, you understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нет, конечно, вы можете себе подобрать что-нибудь, что не будет звучать слишком архаично и просторечно, но это будет не просто. Попробуйте поискать среди тех пословиц, которые употребляли известные русские люди - цари, полководцы, ученые. Либо их цитаты. Или часть цитаты. Мне кажется это будет наиболее адекватное решение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5550" LastActivityDate="2015-06-28T09:43:03.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8981" CreationDate="2015-06-28T09:58:13.960" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Куда круче&quot; означает &quot;way more awesome&quot;. &quot;Круче&quot; - это сравнительная форма от &quot;крутой&quot;, то есть &quot;awesome&quot;. &quot;Куда&quot;, как и &quot;way&quot;, используется для усиления значения. Как у слова &quot;way&quot; могло появиться такое странное значение?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К слову, выражение разговорное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5664" LastActivityDate="2015-06-28T09:58:13.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8994" CreationDate="2015-06-28T10:01:46.600" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This time Google was wrong. All your suggestions are correct. Feel free to use them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5664" LastActivityDate="2015-06-28T10:01:46.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9009" CreationDate="2015-06-28T10:23:56.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Устоявшееся уточняющее определение. Слово &quot;сушит&quot; без слова &quot;жажда&quot; по отношению к человеку часто означает похмелье (hangover). В литературном языке выражение &quot;человека сушит&quot; обычно не употребляется без слова &quot;жажда&quot;, чтобы не быть вульгарным, просторечным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Все это справедливо только к одушевленным (людям, животным) объектам. Для всего остального слово &quot;сушить&quot; употребляется в буквальном значении.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5664" LastActivityDate="2015-06-28T10:23:56.803" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9029" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-06-28T21:53:49.473" Score="5" ViewCount="324" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you explain the phrase below, why is the dative used, what is the meaning, what is the grammatical principle at play here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну где ему быть...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For clarification the next line is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...вон, в котельной&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5668" LastEditorUserId="5668" LastEditDate="2015-06-29T22:09:16.957" LastActivityDate="2015-06-30T16:35:54.867" Title="What does dative + быть mean?" Tags="&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9030" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9034" CreationDate="2015-06-29T01:15:48.663" Score="1" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;хотя сам он при этом и потерял целый год.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need a little help witn this clause.&#xA;I kinda know what each word means but I dont know how they fit together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this clause mean,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Although(even if) he had to waste the entire year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is from The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The English version is  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the fact that the two hours had stretched into an entire year didn't matter  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5576" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-06-29T09:45:32.163" LastActivityDate="2015-06-29T09:45:32.163" Title="Translation of &quot;хотя сам он при этом и потерял целый год&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9029" CreationDate="2015-06-29T01:20:07.850" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dative case (по-русски дательный падеж, от слова &lt;code&gt;дать, давать&lt;/code&gt;) is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to which something is given, i.e. to &lt;em&gt;addressee, destination&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the scheme is &lt;code&gt;Noun + to + Noun&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;  a gift to one's friend &#xA;     подарок другу&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or, addressee/destination expressed by lexical meaning&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;    we have got to like it&#xA;   это должно нам нравиться&#xA;               \&#xA;                \__ Dative&#xA; &lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One might rewrite the sentence             &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;        Ему быть.&#xA;&#xA;       Где ему быть.&#xA;    Где оно ему быть.&#xA;    Где это ему быть.&#xA;  Где это оно ему быть.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning here is practically the same, but the full sentences with a subject abbreviated to subjectless&lt;br&gt;&#xA; &lt;code&gt;Где ему быть&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;See also &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/8829/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F-%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80-vs-%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F-%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC/8837#8837&quot;&gt;my answer&lt;/a&gt; for subjectless sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You cannot think about the whole sentence as &lt;code&gt;Where can it/she/he be? or Where is //he?&lt;/code&gt; because its short form. Actually, it has two meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;a) где ему быть               -- unsure, where is //he; in some place.&#xA;                                 You have supposed the scene to be there, where is //he.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;б) где ему быть (кем-то, чем-то, каким-то)   -- to be someone,  to come from,  &#xA;          └───────────────┬───────────────┘     be a match (for), to think they are like.&#xA;                      = стать&#xA;                        несов.: становиться&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-06-29T15:24:11.390" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9030" CreationDate="2015-06-29T02:14:03.323" Score="2" Body="&lt;pre&gt;          &lt;b&gt;[хотя]&lt;/b&gt; сам он при этом и потерял целый год&#xA;             \\&#xA; &lt;b&gt;[хотя это и не имеет значения&lt;/b&gt;] = although it didn't matter&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;          хотя сам он &lt;b&gt;[при этом]&lt;/b&gt; и потерял целый год&#xA;                          \\&#xA;               &lt;b&gt;[о том, что сказано ранее]&lt;/b&gt; = as he had said before&#xA;               &lt;b&gt;[учитывая сказанное ранее]&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;--&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;(Хотя это и не имеет значения, что) сам он, (учитывая сказанное про то, что  &#xA;путь стал короче) и потерял целый год&#xA;&#xA;&lt;b&gt;=&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&#xA;Хотя сам он при этом и потерял целый год&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-06-29T02:31:56.950" LastActivityDate="2015-06-29T02:31:56.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9029" CreationDate="2015-06-29T05:25:03.997" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ну где ему быть...&quot; = &quot;Ну где он может быть...&quot; При чем и одно, и другое предложение может быть как вопросительным, так и повествовательным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сама фраза звучит достаточно обыденно, ну а как так получается, что мы употребляем дательный падеж таким специфическим образом - так сразу и не ответишь ;-) Скорее всего, это остатки от старой языковой конструкции &quot;дательный самостоятельный&quot; (dativus absolutus). Например, &quot;Идущу же ему въспять, размыслив рече дружине своей...&quot; (&quot;Повесть временных лет&quot;) (As he was going back, having thought, he said to his men...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-06-29T05:25:03.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9030" CreationDate="2015-06-29T07:14:09.427" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian version translates like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;... хотя сам он при зтом и потерял целый год.&#xA;&#xA;... despite he actually wasted/lost a whole year at that.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is different from what the English version literally means (which expresses how much time it took him to do something mentioned earlier rather than 'wasting his time' as in Russian version):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;...the fact that the two hours had stretched into an entire year didn't matter.&#xA;&#xA;... то, что те два часа растянулись на целый год, не имело значения.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-06-29T08:47:45.037" LastActivityDate="2015-06-29T08:47:45.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9035" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9029" CreationDate="2015-06-29T10:37:07.260" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Something like this happens at transformation into brief impersonal form:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Где он может быть → Где ему можно быть → Где ему быть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you might think of 'dativeness' here literally as of something given to him, with 'given' omitted:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну где ему (дано, положено, возможно, суждено) быть? (Там он и находится - сам подумай.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, where is he supposed to be? You could guess where he is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2015-06-29T13:50:09.683" LastActivityDate="2015-06-29T13:50:09.683" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9013" CreationDate="2015-06-29T14:40:07.843" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to be absolutely strict and specific, here is the direct link to CLDR, which specifies the date/time format for Russian locale: &lt;a href=&quot;http://st.unicode.org/cldr-apps/v#/ru/Generic/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://st.unicode.org/cldr-apps/v#/ru/Generic/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="114" LastActivityDate="2015-06-29T14:40:07.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9037" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9029" CreationDate="2015-06-29T16:18:11.713" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's not a very widely used construction, and I can think of only one more or less proper use of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is generally used as an answer to a question, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-А он в тюрьме? (Is he in jail?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Ну где ему быть...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means something like &amp;quot;where else?&amp;quot;. It's kinda &amp;quot;yes&amp;quot;, plus you stress the obviousness of that, like in: &amp;quot;Of course he is! Where else is he supposed to be?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same way you can put it with other verbs, like &amp;quot;работать&amp;quot;(work), &amp;quot;жить&amp;quot;(live) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure about grammar of dative case here. To me it's just a common expression, sometimes they are not entirely grammatically accurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT1&lt;/strong&gt;: You've appended your phrase. Yeah, pretty much, it sounds like an answer: &amp;quot;Where else? He's there, in the boiler-house.&amp;quot;. And yes, this particular expression is constructed as &lt;code&gt;где + subject in dative + infinitive&lt;/code&gt;. You can put a pronoun, a name, a noun etc. there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1475" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-06-30T03:52:09.947" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9029" CreationDate="2015-06-29T20:54:44.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on the by Highstaker's example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну где ему быть? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can be expanded to: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну где ему ещё быть, как не в тюрьме? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which is equal in meaning to this, with more common grammar. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну где ещё он может быть, как не в тюрьме? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With all non-verbal implications this means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Since he went to prison, there's no chance for him to be anywhere else. Where else could he be? And I'm disappointed by him being in prison and/or by yourself asking that question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The form &lt;code&gt;dative + verb&lt;/code&gt; means that the subject is obliged, predicted, destined or doomed to the verb-described action. E. g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чему быть - того не миновать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This proverb means &lt;code&gt;What should happen, cannot be avoided&lt;/code&gt;. It expresses accepting or giving up to destiny, be it good or bad. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more example, from the song &quot;Двери Тамерлана&quot; by &quot;Мельница&quot;, a folk-rock band, telling about a woman's destiny:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А &lt;strong&gt;мне вышивать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Оливковый лён,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Слезами &lt;strong&gt;ронять&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Монистовый звон.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5582" LastEditorUserId="5582" LastEditDate="2015-06-30T12:06:22.027" LastActivityDate="2015-06-30T12:06:22.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8933" CreationDate="2015-06-29T22:10:52.707" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nope, this version doesn't make any sense.The real source of the word &lt;em&gt;хуй&lt;/em&gt; is an ancient Slavic root &lt;em&gt;ху-&lt;/em&gt;, which means &lt;em&gt;sprout&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;outgrowth&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5664" LastActivityDate="2015-06-29T22:10:52.707" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9016" CreationDate="2015-06-30T12:38:24.110" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Чисто&quot; is an anverb, as had been said already. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Чисто&quot; doesn't mean &quot;clear&quot; (without stains or flaws) here.  It is quite specific to the slang of bandits from 1990s. So it's meaning and connotations are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;50% &quot;truly, absolutely, definitely&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and other 50% &quot;I'm a bandit from Russia's 1990s, yo, moth****cker!&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Чистый&quot; is not a slang word, but it belongs to spoken language too. It also means &quot;true, total&quot;. Possible alternatives to this word are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Форменный бандит&#xA;Настоящий бандит&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5582" LastActivityDate="2015-06-30T12:38:24.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9022" CreationDate="2015-06-30T16:05:03.457" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for me those proverbs look great in English (where they have no background), but in Russian they look rather strange.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example &quot;На ловца и зверь бежит&quot; is used in a situation like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Hi Sergei, do you know where Vasia is? Can't reach him by the phone. We have to move our meeting to a different place. Oh, I see him, &quot;на ловца и зверь бежит&quot;, I'll tell him about it myself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it's used when you suddenly see a person that you need to talk to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &quot;у страха глаза велики&quot; - this is also a simple proverb, telling that you are scared of something not really scary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2015-06-30T16:05:03.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9042" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9029" CreationDate="2015-06-30T16:35:54.867" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ну[,] где ему быть&lt;/code&gt; is a kinda rhetorical question introducing the answer &lt;code&gt;вон, в котельной&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The first comma, if present, detaches the initial &lt;code&gt;Ну&lt;/code&gt; up to the level of a separate clause — very similar to the English &lt;code&gt;Well,..&lt;/code&gt;. Without that comma &lt;code&gt;Ну&lt;/code&gt; is a particle with the meaning of &lt;em&gt;‘Hmm’&lt;/em&gt; or just an extra place to bear an emotional charge of the clause.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Possible translations:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;W[ell, w]here can he be?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Where can he be anyway?&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the main part of your question: &lt;strong&gt;a construction ‘dative + infinitive’&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It can be a part of a larger pattern &lt;em&gt;‘dative + infinitive + modal adverbial’&lt;/em&gt; which is probably more 'parsable' for a learner:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Мне(2) нужно(1) позвонить(3).&lt;/code&gt; (dat. mod.-adv. inf.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;It is necessary(1) for me(2) to make a phone call(3).&lt;/code&gt; ('parsing' in English)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;I need to make a phone call.&lt;/em&gt; (a translation)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In certain cases a modal adverb(ial) can be implied making the above parsing possible:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Мне работать?!&lt;/code&gt; &gt;&gt; &lt;code&gt;Мне [надо] работать?!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;[Is it needful for] me to work?!&lt;/code&gt; (a 'parsing')&lt;br&gt;&#xA; &lt;em&gt;Am I to work?!&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Need I work?!&lt;/em&gt; (You’re crazy supposing that! Don’t even try…) — a translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here’s the general and simple way to retell that construction in English, I believe:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ru: &lt;strong&gt;dative&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;em&gt;infinitive&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  en: &lt;strong&gt;Subject&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;‘be’ conjugational form + ‘to’&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;em&gt;infinitive&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;где&lt;/code&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;code&gt;ему&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;code&gt;быть&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;code&gt;?&lt;/code&gt; :: &lt;code&gt;where&lt;/code&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;code&gt;is&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;code&gt;he&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;code&gt;to&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;code&gt;be&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;code&gt;?&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the scheme above is just a clue to grasp that pattern. The modalities can differ: of a Russian phrase and of its English 'analogue' deduced through that scheme.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If there is just &lt;em&gt;‘dative + infinitive’&lt;/em&gt; in the clause, without a modal adverbial expressing the modality explicitly, &#xA;the general impact on the meaning of a clause seems to be the following: &#xA;it makes a message extra-personal, as if actions (denoted by &lt;em&gt;inf.&lt;/em&gt;) do not depend on actors (denoted by &lt;em&gt;dat.&lt;/em&gt;) and are determined by something else. &#xA;In case of &lt;em&gt;non-interrogative clauses&lt;/em&gt; it can be formulated as the modality of a destined fact (action).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;examples&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Саду цвесть&lt;/code&gt; — &lt;em&gt;The garden to blow&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Чему быть, того не миновать.&lt;/code&gt; — &lt;em&gt;What is to be can’t be escaped.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Четвёртому Риму не бывать!&lt;/code&gt; — &lt;em&gt;(I spell) The Forth Rome not to come into being!&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;The Forth Rome shall not come into being!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Кому идти за пивом?&lt;/code&gt; — &lt;em&gt;Who is/will be 'the chosen' to go to buy some beer?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Зачем ему приходить сюда?&lt;/code&gt; — &lt;em&gt;Why is he to come here?&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;What’s the need of/for his coming here?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Откуда мне знать?&lt;/code&gt; — &lt;em&gt;How do I know?&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Who/What could make me informed?&lt;/em&gt; — Obviously none!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;BTW&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;было&lt;/code&gt; makes all in the past tense:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Мне(2) нужно&lt;/code&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;было&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;code&gt;(1) позвонить(3).&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;It&lt;/code&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;was&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;code&gt;necessary(1) for me(2) to make a phone call(3).&lt;/code&gt; ('parsing' in English)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; &lt;em&gt;I had to make a phone call.&lt;/em&gt; (a translation)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I suspect the construction could be theorized as some non-indicative mood. But I answered without knowing the (historical/theoretical) backgrounds for ‘dative+infinitive’ in Russian — I’m sure that background is interesting and helpful, should someone provide it…&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6#2311&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;see also (in Ruusian)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastActivityDate="2015-06-30T16:35:54.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9022" CreationDate="2015-06-30T16:43:10.453" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yet another option for a tattooed proverb: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Со щитом или на щите (Russian)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe it originates from a wish or a mandate to warriors to come home with a shield or on a shield. Losing a shield in battle was a dishonour, because it usually meant fleeing from the battlefield. Dead warriors were carried on their shield. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means coming home either alive, victorious and honored, or dead. The more general idea behind is that honor and some principles are above all, including life. Dropping ones shield and fleeing from challenges of life is worse than death.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This proverb expresses an intention to struggle and never give up to the upcoming troubles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update: wow, this has an &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/dic_wingwords/2563/%D0%A1%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ancient origin&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Aut cum scuta, ant in scuta (Latin)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5582" LastEditorUserId="5582" LastEditDate="2015-06-30T17:00:11.563" LastActivityDate="2015-06-30T17:00:11.563" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9045" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-01T10:36:52.050" Score="6" ViewCount="1578" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine an instance where you have at least three people - for example, a teacher, and two students who share the same first name. The teacher wishes to speak to one student and calls them by the short form of their name. However, since both students respond to this name, is it acceptable for the teacher to use the student's short name + patronymic to identify them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm writing a novel set in Russia and would like to get the name use correct. However, there are just too many Sashas. Being able to use Sasha Ivanovich and Sasha Fedorovich would be very useful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5675" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T15:24:38.010" Title="Can Russian diminutive names be used in combination with the patronymic?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9045" CreationDate="2015-07-01T10:51:29.360" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, this would be really uncommon. In your scenario a teacher will generally use a pupil's last name - &lt;em&gt;Sasha Petrov&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Sasha Ivanov&lt;/em&gt;. Patronyms are very rare at schools and uncommon in higher education institutions when someone refers to students.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastActivityDate="2015-07-01T10:51:29.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9045" CreationDate="2015-07-01T10:54:54.670" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally, no. It sounds weird to use Russian diminutive names with the patronymic. However, they can be used just well with last names. And in my experience, this is what teachers usually do when there're namesakes in the classroom. For example, &lt;code&gt;Саша Иванов и Саша Сидоров&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastEditorUserId="4379" LastEditDate="2015-07-03T04:40:48.853" LastActivityDate="2015-07-03T04:40:48.853" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9045" CreationDate="2015-07-01T12:16:50.780" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Name + Patronymic = polite form (not suitable for children anyway). Diminutive name cannot be used with a (partially) polite form except as a (stupid) joke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Diminutive name + last name is OK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. If you feel you have too many &quot;Sashas&quot; you could choose some other Russian name for your story.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.P.S. I remember a real life story told by a well-known Russian actor Alexander Pankratov-Cherniy. He was studying acting course together with his full namesake  another Sasha Pankratov. So their profs used to call them &quot;Sasha Cherniy&quot; (Sasha Black) and &quot;Sasha Beliy&quot; (Sasha White) because one was brunette while the other was blond. So later he even changed his last name from &quot;Pankratov&quot; to &quot;Pankratov-Cherniy&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-01T12:16:50.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9045" CreationDate="2015-07-01T13:23:07.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;During a decade and a half of my regular education the usual way to call students was by their last names. First names can be used in 'chamber' classes: trainings, courses, in-corporative education… When there are 'too many Sashas' several ways exist to resolve the collision: using last names, (full) first names with either patronymics or last names, different forms of the same (first) name — diminutives (which can be many) and a full form. In such cases it’s a matter of a mutual agreement (an explicit one, as a rule) — which form is applied to which person. E. g. a young person can be called &lt;code&gt;Саша&lt;/code&gt;, an older one — &lt;code&gt;Александр&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Александр Иванович&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;BTW&lt;/em&gt; using diminutives requires special conditions. Unlike for English &lt;em&gt;Mike&lt;/em&gt;, calling a person &lt;code&gt;Миша&lt;/code&gt; instead of full &lt;code&gt;Михаил&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Михаил Иванович&lt;/code&gt; should be sanctioned either by common social practices/conventions or by that &lt;code&gt;Михаил&lt;/code&gt;; in the last case one should be 'granted' to use &lt;code&gt;Миша&lt;/code&gt; for &lt;code&gt;Михаил [Иванович]&lt;/code&gt; explicitly, no matter the rest of the world uses but &lt;code&gt;Миша&lt;/code&gt; for him. (Perhaps, in this para, I idealized the real world a little to make explanations short.)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sasha&lt;/em&gt; can be used in school but in higher education it would be a special case for me.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;NB. I was a student in the previous century. Modern practices can differ, i. e. I admit that now there can exist institutes/universities where &lt;em&gt;Sasha&lt;/em&gt; is pretty OK in general but not that old practices disappear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your question proper, &lt;em&gt;diminutive+patronymic&lt;/em&gt; can be used — exceptionally, like exotica, probably with a tint of humour, for such combinations can sound like a joke in Russian. [upd] Also it can be used in a pleading manner to seek someone’s assistance, rarely as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-07-01T15:25:35.427" LastActivityDate="2015-07-01T15:25:35.427" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9045" CreationDate="2015-07-01T14:38:32.430" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;В России короткие имена в сочетании с отчеством ни в школе, ни в высших учебных заведениях, ни на работе не используются. Называть персонажей романа Саша Иванович или Саша Федорович было бы не реалистично и смешно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: translation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russia, short names are not used in conjunction with patronymics, neither in school, nor in the more advanced educational institutions, nor at work. Calling the characters in the novel Sasha Ivanovich or Sasha Fedorowich would be unrealistic and funny.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5678" LastEditDate="2015-07-01T19:03:00.727" LastActivityDate="2015-07-01T19:03:00.727" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9051" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9052" CreationDate="2015-07-01T20:16:18.527" Score="0" ViewCount="156" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm native Russian speaker who left the motherland for good about 15 years ago. I'm slowly losing the feel of the language and oftentimes can't determine whether what I see is a mistake or not. For example, in the quote below, is comma before the first 'ни' correct? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Каждому из нас природой бесплатно дается некоторое количество дури, которой можно пользоваться, но которую нельзя, ни продать, ни скурить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you for your time!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4905" LastActivityDate="2015-07-01T20:45:21.750" Title="Excessive punctuation in modern Russian" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9051" CreationDate="2015-07-01T20:45:21.750" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, you don't need a comma before the first &lt;em&gt;ни&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-07-01T20:45:21.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9053" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9054" CreationDate="2015-07-01T23:21:04.323" Score="2" ViewCount="1441" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking at some example sentences with reflexive verbs and I've seen the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я часто встречаюсь с друзьями&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you also say?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я часто встречаю друзей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, how would this change the meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5518" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-07-02T01:52:33.813" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T23:58:42.933" Title="встречаться vs. встречать" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9053" CreationDate="2015-07-02T01:49:19.923" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those sentences are not equal in meaning.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я часто встречаюсь с друзьями.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; The usual interpretation is about frequent meetings with existing friends. Potentially it can also mean &lt;em&gt;I often run across my [existing] friends.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я часто встречаю друзей.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; I feel the lack of context to interpret this definitely. But now my first interpretation is &lt;em&gt;I often run across my [existing] friends.&lt;/em&gt; Also I can understand it as &lt;em&gt;I often meet/run across people who becomes my [new] friends.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[&lt;strong&gt;upd&lt;/strong&gt;] There’s one trick with the last interpretation: in it &lt;em&gt;‘friends’&lt;/em&gt; can be &lt;em&gt;‘friends in the actual situation’&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;permanent friends&lt;/em&gt; as in other interpretations. &lt;em&gt;Friends&lt;/em&gt; as opposed to &lt;em&gt;enemies&lt;/em&gt; and synonymous to &lt;em&gt;allies&lt;/em&gt;. [&lt;strong&gt;/upd&lt;/strong&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;встречать&lt;/code&gt; can also mean &lt;em&gt;to go to an airport or station to meet, welcome and assist someone with their arrival&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[upd] However, with this meaning I’d rather say &lt;code&gt;Я часто езжу встречать друзей&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5560" LastEditorUserId="5560" LastEditDate="2015-07-02T16:48:38.773" LastActivityDate="2015-07-02T16:48:38.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9022" CreationDate="2015-07-02T14:19:19.417" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would stay away from the proverbs. A quote from an iconic song is not as bad as a proverb. For instance, in line with the mood of your choices, consider this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;If it wasn't for bad luck, &#xA;I wouldn't have no luck at all&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's from Albert King's song called Born Under a Bad Sign. It's not a very famous song, so when someone reads it for the first time it strikes with its interesting word play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, you could go for a Russian song with meaning or a significance, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пожелай мне удачи в бою, пожелай мне &#xA;Не остаться в этой траве.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a slightly modified quote from an important song by a band Kino, called Группа Крови. There's something gritty and visceral in the line &quot;Не остаться в этой траве&quot;. It resonates even with people who didn't hear the song at all. You could think of something along these lines and find a good quote matching your mood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the significance of a tattoo is exactly that: capture your state of mind now. Later on when looking at it you'll remember how you felt that day when you inked it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2015-07-02T14:19:19.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9053" CreationDate="2015-07-02T17:31:57.877" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я часто встречаюсь с друзьями&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I often make planned upon meetings with my friends. The friends also make effort to meet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я часто встречаю друзей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I often run across my friends. The meetings are not planned before. Alternatively it can mean that you often wait friends from plane/train/other trips.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Встретить means either run across or wait for arrival (from plane, train etc). Встречаться means to meet at a planned before meeting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a finger rule, встречаться means effort from the both sides, встретить means a random event or effort from only one side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-07-02T17:31:57.877" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9064" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-03T23:40:38.270" Score="4" ViewCount="719" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me start with some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Leningrad / Ленинград (today Saint Petersburg / Санкт-Петербург)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Leninsk / Ленинск&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stalingrad / Сталингрaд​ (today Volgograd / Волгогрaд)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gorky / Горький (today Nizhniy Novgorod / Нижний Новгород)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So apparently, if we are to name a city after a person, we have three choices: add the suffix -grad, add the suffix -insk (possibly with truncating a few letters of the original name, such as Leninsk instead of Lenininsk), or not modifying the name at all, such as Gorky.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, &lt;strong&gt;what are the rules for this, if any?&lt;/strong&gt; Does it depend on what letter the person's name ends with?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5691" LastActivityDate="2015-07-04T11:47:34.643" Title="What are the rules, if any, for naming a city after a person?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9064" CreationDate="2015-07-04T05:53:57.307" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the times of Soviet Union they sometimes follow local rules. Consider the following cities: Stalingrad (Russia), Stalino (Ukraine), Stalinabad (Tajikistan), Leningrad (Russia), Leninvaros (Hungary), Leninabad (Azerbaijan, Tajikistan), Leninakan (Armenia) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also standard suffixes like -sk for cities, e.g. Leninsk, Sverdlovsk, or -o for villages, e.g. Lenino, which one could encounter many times on the map. Yet I don't think there are truly strict rules for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About Gorkiy vs Gorkovsk. Well, I can't imagine why they chose the first variant  except for the better sounding. For example, I know the village (station) which everyone calls simply Maximka (after Maxim Gorkiy) despite of its official name Gorkovskiy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-04T05:53:57.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9064" CreationDate="2015-07-04T08:35:14.200" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules have been changing with time: &lt;em&gt;Ярославль, Борисов, Сталино, Ильичёвск, Ерофей Павлович&lt;/em&gt; etc. all named after people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main idea is to attach a possessive suffix to the person's name to form an adjective, and make it agree with assumed generic name (&lt;em&gt;деревня, город, село&lt;/em&gt; etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Short forms of adjectives in &lt;em&gt;-ск&lt;/em&gt; are nowadays the most productive pattern for toponyms in Russian, despite the fact they are not perceived as adjectives at all anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-Ин-, -ов-, -ев-&lt;/em&gt; are still used as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-Ь, -ль&lt;/em&gt; are not productive anymore, either as possessive suffixes in general or as toponymic suffixes in particular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the XX century the tendency was to leave the person's name as is: &lt;em&gt;Романов-на-Мурмане, Фрунзе, Орджоникидзе, Молотов, Черненко, Брежнев, Устинов&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-07-04T11:47:34.643" LastActivityDate="2015-07-04T11:47:34.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9067" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-04T12:36:18.657" Score="2" ViewCount="62" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to improve my Russian language skills (esp. speaking). Could you please post any useful online sources (for example: language chats, poscasts, videos..)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5693" LastActivityDate="2015-07-04T12:36:18.657" Title="where can I learn everyday Russian for free?" Tags="&lt;other-languages&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-07-06T14:10:14.763" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9068" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9069" CreationDate="2015-07-05T09:40:22.837" Score="3" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was very pleased to discover Pushkin's &lt;em&gt;Дружба&lt;/em&gt; on &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/8346/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0-by-pushkin&quot;&gt;Russian StackExchange&lt;/a&gt; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что дружба? Лeгкий пыл похмелья,  What is friendship? A slight fire of the carousal,&#xA;Обиды вольный разговор,           The insult's unrestrained talk,&#xA;Обмен тщеславия, безделья         An interchange of vanity and idleness,&#xA;Иль покровительства позор.        Or favour's stain.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(translation from &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/5008/user4419802&quot;&gt;user4419802&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need help to improve the way I read the poem. Specifically :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) is there any record available online ? I only found &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHV9pkCyR0Q&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt; but the music bothers me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Are the following accents correctly placed ? What's the accentuation of безделья ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что дру́жба? Ле́гкий пыл похме́лья,&#xA;Оби́ды во́льный разгово́р,&#xA;Обме́н тщесла́вия, безделья&#xA;Иль покрови́тельства позо́р.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) What's the rythmic pattern of the poem ? Is there a law explaining how each verse has to be cut in several parts ? Where are the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesura&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;caesurae&lt;/a&gt; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any help would be appreciated !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5652" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-07-05T15:24:16.623" Title="about Pushkin's Дружба : how to read it" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9068" CreationDate="2015-07-05T10:15:15.820" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;безде́лья&lt;/code&gt;, as the rhyming scheme suggests. The pattern is iambic tetrameter. Caesurae aren't integral to Russian syllabotonic verse; other than the one after &lt;code&gt;дружба&lt;/code&gt;, they're largely a matter of individual interpretation by the reciter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding that recording, it's not only music that ought to bother you. It's an example of this sometimes-serendipitous, mostly-cringeworthy modern Russian trend of trying to make everything pop-culture-y. &lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3KRVVWg0ftuNTd0alFQTDJfdWc/view?usp=sharing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here's&lt;/a&gt; my take — my vocal expression and the audio quality are what they are, but I've at least tried to emulate the classical Russian manner of reading poetry aloud.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-07-05T10:15:15.820" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9068" CreationDate="2015-07-05T11:53:52.110" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Considering metrics, here Pushkin uses 4-iambus as he usually did (actually, he nearly always sticked to 4-iambus or 4-trochee). So at his home field he's absolutely brilliant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main scheme is iamb-iamb-pyrrhic-iamb yet the first line starts with the spondee while the last one mirrors it with the long anacrusis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Caesurae is not a mandatory tool in Russian poetry. Usually each line is read at once except sentence's border (here the first line has a strict caesurae due to the question sign) with a full stop right after it. To save reader's breath Russian poets widely use pyrrhic so the voice goes low allowing one to breathe while the tempo never slows down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-07-05T12:14:26.683" LastActivityDate="2015-07-05T12:14:26.683" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9071" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9072" CreationDate="2015-07-05T12:31:28.380" Score="3" ViewCount="134" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, this has been bothering me for a long time, but what case should you use when dealing with two nouns in a row. Like if you were to say &quot;x is y&quot; (Джон актер). But, if the direct object is animate, like an actor is, wouldn't it be &quot;Джон актерa&quot;? Same with &quot;Я твой друг&quot;. Since friend is an animate thing, why isn't it &quot;Я твойего друга&quot;? What is the correct way to say that &quot;x is y&quot;, even if the y is animate!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4925" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T22:39:42.567" Title="Accusative or Nominative?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9071" CreationDate="2015-07-05T12:38:43.360" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no direct objects in your examples, &lt;code&gt;актер&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;твой друг&lt;/code&gt; are actually predicates or, to be more exact, nominal parts of the compound nominal predicate. The verb 'to be' which is usually omitted in Russian when it is in the present tense is intransitive, so it cannot have direct objects. The nominal part of the compound nominal predicate is usually in the Nominative case, never in Accusative, so &lt;code&gt;Джон актер.&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Я твой друг.&lt;/code&gt; are absolutely correct sentences and that's the only way you can say it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-07-05T12:38:43.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9071" CreationDate="2015-07-05T13:11:10.040" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Джон актёр&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;John is an actor&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Джон актёра&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;John did something to the actor (saw? beated? fucked?)&#xA;Most likely, fucked if you add some mimics - because you likely do not want to pronounce the f..-word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-07-05T18:24:13.657" LastActivityDate="2015-07-05T18:24:13.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9074" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9076" CreationDate="2015-07-05T14:48:51.760" Score="4" ViewCount="606" Body="&lt;p&gt;Недавно один мой знакомый поляк, увидев русское предложение «У тебя в ванной сидит ящерица», очень удивился: «Как же так, почему „сидит“? Она ведь лежит, и по-польски тоже говорится „лежит“». Меня такой вопрос застал врасплох, и я ответил ему, что если она живая, то по-русски надо говорить, что она сидит. Позже я стал вспоминать, какие животные в русском всегда «сидят» – живые насекомые всегда сидят, а вот крокодилы? Наверно, если греются на солнышке, то лежат, в засаде сидят все, даже люди, ну а на берегу, в речке крокодилы сидят или лежат? А змеи? Сколько я не вспоминал, я не вспомнил ни одного случая, когда бы я слышал, чтобы кто-то хоть как-то называл то, что делает змея, скажем, в траве, обычно глагол просто опускается: «Там под кустом змея!» или «Осторожно, тут змея!» Так что же делает змея, сидит или лежит? Ну, и про крокодилов тоже было бы интересно ваше мнение услышать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T08:06:29.867" Title="Что делает змея?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9075" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9077" CreationDate="2015-07-05T16:17:17.127" Score="6" ViewCount="1530" Body="&lt;p&gt;At first, I wash taught that ещё means &quot;yet&quot;. However, as I get deeper in grammar, I am seeing that sometimes it means &quot; more&quot; or even &quot;else&quot;! What is the actual meaning, and how can I differentiate between the meanings? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4925" LastEditorUserId="5696" LastEditDate="2015-07-05T18:12:47.673" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T14:20:57.917" Title="The Meaning of &quot;Ещё&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9074" CreationDate="2015-07-05T17:45:24.997" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Змея — однозначно &lt;strong&gt;лежит&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&amp;quot;Вот на камне, пригревшись на солнышке, лежит змея.&amp;quot; — так сказал бы я.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;...он уже достиг раздавив змею в пути &lt;strong&gt;лежащую&lt;/strong&gt;...&amp;quot;  [Радищев. Письмо к&#xA;другу, жительствующему в Тобольске, по долгу звания своего (1790)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;К самому корню древа кесарева &lt;strong&gt;прилег&lt;/strong&gt; ядовитый змей, на пагубу юных&#xA;отраслей.&amp;quot; [Ф. В. Булгарин. Димитрий Самозванец (1830)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;В сербских загадках огонь представляется в виде змия: «змея &lt;strong&gt;лежит&lt;/strong&gt;,&#xA;где змея лежит, там трава не растет».&amp;quot; [Ф.И. Буслаев. Эпическая поэзия&#xA;(1851)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь еще интересно вспомнить мультфильм, Песня Львенка и Черепашки:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я на солнышко гляжу,\ \ Всё лежу и лежу,\ \ И на солнышко гляжу.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если ящерица на спине, то она &amp;quot;лежит на спине&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Черепаха, ящерица, змея есть пресмыкающиеся. То есть при(с)мыкают себя к земле, к тому, по чему ползут. Так что логика в польском сказать про ящерицу, что &amp;quot;она лежит&amp;quot; в траве, есть. В русском в определенном контексте такое тоже есть:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Под этот луч то &lt;strong&gt;прилегла ящерица&lt;/strong&gt;, зеленая, как ярь&amp;quot; [И. И.&#xA;Лажечников. Басурман (1838)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Черепаха лежит на брюхе. Может ли она сидеть?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сидеть, внутри объема (другой смысл, чем в OP):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Человек издали замечал змею, которая обычно сидела в норе, высунув&#xA;голову&amp;quot; [Юрий Трифонов. Утоление жажды (1959-1962)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;... ежели ему доведется вместо незлобного голубя посадить в пазуху&#xA;блистательную змею.&amp;quot; [Я.П. Козельский. Философические предложения,&#xA;1768 года]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-07-05T18:43:39.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9075" CreationDate="2015-07-05T17:50:57.017" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The explanation of word &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt; cannot be simply expressed.&#xA;In short it grants the next word the meaning of delaying in terms of time or in terms of material things. It is like when the instance of something was already mentioned, and the word &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt; represents another instance of something in point of view of the speaker. If you are familiar with German, &lt;strong&gt;noch&lt;/strong&gt; carries the same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be translated into English in many ways depending on the context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я ещё не сделал(а) это. / Я всё ещё не сделал это&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I have not done it yet. / I still haven't done it.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Что ещё?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;What else?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Смотри, какое огромное здание. -- О-о, достаточно большое, но я видел здание ещё больше.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;See, how large that building is. -- Oh, that one is quite big, but I saw one that is even bigger (more + adjective).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня есть эта вещь. -- А у меня ещё одна&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I've got this thing. -- And I have another one/one more&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я хотел(а) бы ещё добавить этого&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I would like to add more of this&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also take note, the sentences &lt;em&gt;Я хотел(а) бы ещё добавить этого&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Я хотел(а) бы добавить ещё этого&lt;/em&gt; have different meanings. The last one means that in addition to what there is already present, I would also like to add this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5696" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-07-10T14:20:57.917" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T14:20:57.917" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9074" CreationDate="2015-07-05T19:48:42.483" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;На берегу и в реке крокодил однозначно лежит. Змея тоже лежит (в то время, когда не ползёт). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastActivityDate="2015-07-05T19:48:42.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9079" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9080" CreationDate="2015-07-05T23:54:06.867" Score="3" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the trailer for the latest Terminator film at &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ui81ZjE-oQQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ui81ZjE-oQQ&lt;/a&gt;, at 0:59 Sarah Connor says &quot;если хочешь жить&quot; to a character she's never met before, then at 1:04 when she says his name he replies &quot;ты знаешь кто я?&quot; She then says &quot;Мы ждем тебя...&quot; I'd have thought &quot;если хотите жить,&quot; &quot;Вы знаете кто я,&quot; and &quot;Мы ждем Вас&quot; would be more appropriate on a first meeting between adults. Can someone explain why ты would be okay? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T07:51:46.150" Title="Usage of ты instead of вы" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9079" CreationDate="2015-07-06T01:14:17.147" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a firefight, respecting formalities such as &quot;Вы&quot; would connotate a degree of &quot;hyperfomality&quot; that would be either humorous or imply that the speaker is socially awkward nerdy or overly polite individual. Generally russian language drops into &quot;terse mode&quot; when in combat. The more dangerous the terser it gets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, tho its not the case here, using &quot;Ты&quot; in translated american-set movies is homage to english language lack of ты/вы distinction. It falls on the translator to exercise creative license to figure out where ты or вы is more appropriate based on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5698" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T01:14:17.147" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9071" CreationDate="2015-07-06T01:23:19.720" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A lot of the time communicating in street russian is about whats unsaid. It takes many forms. It flavors communication in ways that only can be compared to syncopation in music.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The missing bits get derived from the context and/or from non-verbal communication. Facial expression. Tone. Vocalization. Even wider cultural context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Джон актёра&quot; literally means &quot;John did the [male] actor&quot;. Same as in english it might mean intercourse, it just as well might mean homicide, as well as many other things :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5698" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T01:23:19.720" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9082" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9045" CreationDate="2015-07-06T01:39:12.673" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using patronymic name on students isn't all that uncommon. In some short first names it would work too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're writing a novel, you need to be sensitive to the connotation that comes with such use of names. For example it might be appropriate for a high end school. Or a gymnasium of tzar russia. Or at a high end military academy. Probably not in a today middle school :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5698" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T01:39:12.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8981" CreationDate="2015-07-06T01:46:39.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;курто&quot; until it recently became widely used as counterpart to &quot;cool&quot; was used as &quot;very rough&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMP3qQR4EFA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMP3qQR4EFA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5698" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T01:46:39.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9079" CreationDate="2015-07-06T03:58:26.253" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are young people, of the same age, and it is totally possible to use &quot;ты&quot; among such people. Especially if the one who starts such an address is a girl. I often get addressed this way by girls I do not know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conversely, addressing by вы would likely show she &lt;em&gt;does not want&lt;/em&gt; to do anything with the person except purely official duties (that is speaking as an official person on duty, ex officio, like a police officer, rescuer, etc) or that she thinks that he is too old/unattractive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think if he was handicapped or his face was not visible (such as being in a bike helmet or in a mask) she would be more likely to use вы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2015-07-06T05:04:26.683" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T05:04:26.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="366" CreationDate="2015-07-06T05:36:20.167" Score="0" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Осень&lt;/strong&gt; - from PIE &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯eson&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &quot;harvest&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Зима&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - from PIE &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ĝhi̯om&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &quot;frost, snowy weather&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Весна&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - from PIE &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;u̯esr&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &quot;spring&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лето&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - etymology is unknown (there is a lot of conjectures).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-07-06T05:41:26.977" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T05:41:26.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9074" CreationDate="2015-07-06T07:47:25.290" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Змея лежит в коробке&lt;/code&gt; - я бы это понял как мертвая змея в коробке или недееспособная на данный момент змея.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Змея сидит в коробке&lt;/code&gt; - однозначно живая змея в коробке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По аналогии - &lt;code&gt;Змея сидит в комнате&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Также &lt;code&gt;Змея сидит в норе&lt;/code&gt;, но при этом &lt;code&gt;Змея лежит на тропинке&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;У тебя в комнате змея на полу лежит&lt;/code&gt;. Видимо когда речь идет о объемном пространстве живая змея сидит, а мертвая - лежит. А в случае с плоской поверхностью - змея всегда лежит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5669" LastEditorUserId="5669" LastEditDate="2015-07-06T08:06:29.867" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T08:06:29.867" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9079" CreationDate="2015-07-06T07:51:46.150" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ты&quot; is intrusion in a private space. If people are friends or relatives such intrusion is usually permitted (and &quot;ты&quot; is used), otherwise &quot;вы&quot; is preferred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usage of &quot;ты&quot; in &quot;если хочешь жить&quot; implies that there is no time for formalities: concept of &quot;your private space&quot; is now useless, either you die or you allow someone else to tell what you have to do in order to survive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically this is what happens to Bilbo when he joins the Dwarves in their quest: he has to forget about handkerchieves and other necessities  of his prior life (including his private space), because now they tread a dangerous road.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T07:51:46.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8967" CreationDate="2015-07-06T16:20:15.210" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If I try I can figure out individual words, but they talk so fast that&#xA;  I can't get it all connected (still not past the &quot;translating it word&#xA;  by word&quot; phase)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a teacher didn’t tell you about the fact that there are 2 classes of languages, one take &lt;strong&gt;a predominantly consonants approach&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;русский&lt;/em&gt;), and at the other end is the vowels approach (&lt;em&gt;English&lt;/em&gt;), that's the problem. &lt;em&gt;Русский, польский, болгарский, сербский...&lt;/em&gt; these languages belong to the consonants approach. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am sure &lt;strong&gt;You cannot hear/understand up to 60% of the consonants spoken.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Факты:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;В русском (и современном греческом) гласных фонем всего 6. Согласных фонем 34. В русском гласные не различаются по долготе/краткости. Согласные -- главная сигнальная система.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Английский: 21 фонема гласных, 25 согласных. Гласные -- главная сигнальная система.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вторая сигнальная система в русском это ударение. К примеру, поставим неверное ударение на последний открытый слог в слове &lt;code&gt;рыба&lt;/code&gt;. Мы получим два почти не различимых на слух звуковых ряда:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/6742/how-can-i-improve-my-listening-comprehension/&quot;&gt;(confusing &quot;как гриб́ы?&quot; for &quot;как рыб́ы?&quot;, and saying they are good when I clearly have no mushrooms on my plate)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь рекомендовали фильмы, не думаю, что фильмы это хорошее средство для тренировки на слух каждодневного разговорного русского. В фильмах разговорный язык — искусственный. Пишут сценарий, далее фильмы озвучивают по фразам, эти фразы начитывают с текста, и любую фразу произносят заново, если что-то не так. Даже если в фразы вставляют междометия, вводные, просторечные слова, это всё равно читается с текста. Это имитация разговорного. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Фильмы, действительно, помогут вам узнать, &lt;strong&gt;как говорить правильно&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но это едва ли поможет вам тренировать на слух ежедневный русский.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я предлагаю слушать радио. Попробуйте. Найдите знакомые фразы в тексте, и послушайте, &lt;strong&gt;как они звучат в непринужденной речи&lt;/strong&gt;. Я потратил своё время, написал субтитры, чтобы дать почувствовать, как мы говорим.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;podcast.govoritmoskva.ru/?p=911&lt;br&gt;&#xA;«Подъём» 2015-07-06&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да, мы так говорим! :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;=0.30=  С.ДОРЕНКО: 9 часов 6 минут. Понедельник, 6 июля. &#xA;=0.46=  Здравствуй, великий город! Здравствуйте все! &#xA;        Даррррррррррррррррррррррр... радио &quot;Говорит Москва&quot;.... &#xA;        &quot;Говорит Москва&quot;! &#xA;=1.11=  Эльвира Хасаншина -- ведущая этой программы. Здравствуйте,&#xA;        Эльвира (И Сергей Доренко. Доброе утро)&#xA;=1.15=  Чили - чемпионы Южной Америки, поздравляю&#xA;=1.18=  Чилийских слушателей, чилийкослушателей... не пониманию, &#xA;=1.22=  'Тор', 'Тор' у вас опечатка &#xA;=2.24=  Не каждый может иметь миллионы, но каждый может стремиться &#xA;=1.27=  пишет 'Кличко и В'.&#xA;=1.28=  Были в субботу в Новосибирском зоопарке &#xA;=1.31=  Там больше нет слонов и жирафов &#xA;=1.33=  детям понравилось, а я расстроился &#xA;=1.35=  Сообщает Денис Гудков, спасибо!&#xA;=1.37=  Пишите нам на Говорит-Москва-точка-ру,&#xA;=1.39=  Говорит-Москва-точка-ру, написать в эфир&#xA;=1.41=  а также на sms +7 925 8 8 8 8 9 4 и 8, 8 8 8 8 9 4 и 8&#xA;=1.50=  и лента в Твитере &quot;Говорит МСК&quot;&#xA;=1.53=  Представитель Макаревича опроверг информацию&#xA;=1.56=  о смерти певца&#xA;=1.58=  Представитель Макаревича опроверг информацию о смерти.&#xA;=2.02=  (и об этом он сказал нам) Да, он сообщил об этом&#xA;=2.05=   радиостанции &quot;Говорит Москва&quot;&#xA;=2.08=  Константин Петров нам пишет &#xA;=2.09=  ссылаясь на нас же&#xA;=2.10=  а, так вот же, значит, вы уже знаете что&#xA;=2.14=  был взломан, вероятно, взломан&#xA;=2.15=  эээ... сайт, э фестиваля э, эт, Грушинского&#xA;=2.19=  (Грушинского) Грушинского фестиваля&#xA;=2.21=  взломан и на заглавной странице&#xA;=2.23=  провисело довольно долго сообщение о&#xA;=2.25=  том, что убит Макаревич&#xA;=2.27=  значит, представитель певца только что&#xA;=2.29=  врл... в интервью радиостанции &quot;Говорит-Москва&quot;&#xA;=2.31=  опроверг, опроверг это м... сообщение&#xA;=2.34=  вероятно, с... сайт грушинского фестиваля&#xA;=2.37=  был взломан, ну или кто-то пошутил [? с самолетом ?]&#xA;=2.41=  какой-то пьяный админ, что-то такое... &#xA;=2.42=  и так далее. Понимаете, значит, &#xA;=2.44=  ээ... скажите, пожалуйста,&#xA;=2.46=  Макара похоронил... нет, нет, именно грушинский фестиваль&#xA;=2.50=  ээ... похоронил Макара&#xA;=2.52=  вероятно, хакер.&#xA;=2.53=  Но теперь мы знаем, что...&#xA;=2.55=  и вообще говоря, это было похоже на... ..&#xA;=2.59=  на хакерскую выходку, несмотря на то, что они&#xA;=3.01=  и, в, они проникли на заглавную  страницу,&#xA;=3.05=  это было похоже, потому что&#xA;=3.08=  если бы это произошло в действительности,&#xA;=3.09=  то конечно, МВД бы рапортовало, &#xA;=3.11=  и так далее, и так далее,&#xA;=3.12=  понимаешь, так что, так что... &#xA;=3.13=  (да, и информационные агенства)&#xA;=3.14=  конечно-конечно-конечно, но ничего не было.&#xA;=3.16=  скажите пожалуйста, поступок Земфиры -- ЗНАЧИТ -- или нет?&#xA;=3.20=  Вот у меня вопрос. Простой. &#xA;=3.22=  Вообще говоря, слова -- значат?&#xA;=3.24=  Дела  -- значат? Символы -- значат?&#xA;=3.26=  (Значат.) Значат? (Конечно.) &#xA;=3.28=  (Они потому наверное, и символы)&#xA;=3.30=  Вообще, всё значат. Всё -- значат.&#xA;=3.34=  (Да) ну правда...&#xA;=3.35=  (я считаю, что да)&#xA;=3.37=  Давайте, давайте проголосуем.&#xA;=3.38=  Скажите пожалуйста, поступок Земфиры,&#xA;=3.39=  я понимаю, что это пятничное, но в субботу, как вы знаете,&#xA;=3.41=  она взорвала нам мозг, и&#xA;=3.43=  э, я для себя думал,&#xA;=3.45=  поступок Земфиры -- значит?&#xA;=3.48=  вообще говоря,&#xA;=3.50=  следует ли, поступку Земфиры&#xA;=3.51=  с флагом Украины придавать значение?&#xA;=3.54=  Да -- 134 21 35&#xA;=3.57=  Нет -- 134 21 36&#xA;=3.59=  следует ли поступку Земфиры&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;podcast.govoritmoskva.ru/?p=905&lt;br&gt;&#xA;«Подъём» 2015-07-03 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;=0.30=  С.ДОРЕНКО: 9 часов 6 минут. Пятница, 3 июля. &#xA;=0.45=  Здравствуй, великий город! Здравствуйте все! &#xA;        Даррррррррррррррррррррррр... радио &quot;Говорит Москва&quot;.... &#xA;        &quot;Говорит Москва&quot;! &#xA;=1.11=  Анастасия Оношко -- ведущая этой программы. (И Сергей &#xA;        Доренко. Доброе утро, Сергей.) Здравствуйте, Анастасия. &#xA;        Доброе утро. &#xA;=1.15=  Говорит 'ДерзкийЮрец'... Доброе утро, говорит 96-ой   &#xA;=1.20=  А... это Степан &#xA;=1.21=  а я люблю 'Шнура' придаёт... признаётся &#xA;=2.24=  Алексей &#xA;=1.25=  так говорит 'МСК' в твитере.  &#xA;=1.26=  а... м... ещё... &#xA;=1.27=  хорошее ли у вас настроение спрашивает 'дабл ю вай джей' &#xA;=1.31=  Да! всегда хорошее! Всг... конечно... &#xA;=1.34=  всегда хорошее... &#xA;=1.35=  Что написано у вас на майке? &#xA;=1.36=  На моей майке написано, что я мусор. &#xA;=1.38=  (Да) прочитай (под... под прикрытием полиции, наппп...)&#xA;=1.40=  написано, что я мусор под прикрытием.  &#xA;=1.42=  Для резиденции свердловского губернатора&#xA;=1.45=  заказали шторы за 700 тысяч рублей&#xA;=1.47=  (там кабинет такой) &#xA;=1.48=  (на два с половиной метра) ну видите, он видимо &#xA;=1.49=  большой очень &#xA;=1.51=  активисты движения 'За Честные Закупки' обнаружили &#xA;=1.52=  на сайте госзакупок заказ на шторы &#xA;=1.55=  для резиденции губернатора &#xA;=1.57=  Свердловской области. Общая сумма которого &#xA;=1.59=  составила 700 тысяч рублей &#xA;=2.01=  согласно документации к аукциону&#xA;=2.03=  шторы в кабинет руководителя размером &#xA;=2.04=  три на два с половиной метра &#xA;=2.06=  ах, подожди-ка, (я говорю) ... &#xA;=2.07=  мамочка! (так мы проводим секвестор бюджета) &#xA;=2.08=  так это всего... &#xA;=2.09=  так это всего одни шторы, это на одно окно! &#xA;=2.13=  это на одно окно, одно! &#xA;=2.15=  (я думаю, это площадь кабинета) &#xA;=2.16=   да нет же, три на два с половиной метра &#xA;=2.19=  всего &#xA;=2.20=  (площадь шторы) шторы, &#xA;=2.21=  и за них 700 тысяч рублей. Они должны быть&#xA;=2.23=  изготовлены из 100% полиэстера &#xA;=2.26=  с бархатными портьерами &#xA;=2.28=  и с карнизом из декоративного багета&#xA;=2.31=  ах, как это прелестно! (да) закуплено на 700 тысяч рублей (да) &#xA;=2.35=  (да) мда &#xA;=2.36=  а, подожди, ээээ... &#xA;=2.37=  на одно окно 136... &#xA;=2.38=  не понимаю, не понимаю,  &#xA;=2.41=  да, но это историческое здание &#xA;=2.42=  и это исторические шторы &#xA;=2.44=  ты подумай об этом сейчас &#xA;=2.46=  когда ты говоришь а просвещении, (да) &#xA;=2.48=  не э, э... (о сокращении количества) а ты говоришь &#xA;=2.50=  о просвещении, &#xA;=2.51=  о музеях, &#xA;=2.52=  ведь ты радеешь за просвещение (да)&#xA;=2.54=  за музеи, (да) &#xA;=2.56=  а когда здание губернатора... &#xA;=2.57=  это в Свердловской области? (в Свердловской области) &#xA;=2.58=  я был у него, я был у Росселя&#xA;=3.00=  еще в гостях, ты помнишь эту историю? Я тебе&#xA;=3.02=  рассказывал, когда Газманов... &#xA;=3.03=  (что-то такое...) Газманова &#xA;=3.04=  Газманова не пустили (рассказывали) Газманова не &#xA;=3.05=  пустили завтракать в гостинице &#xA;=3.06=  из-за того что там ел я &#xA;=3.08=  (нет) я тебе рассказывал, &#xA;=3.10=  (я уже забыла, расскажите ещё раз, пожалуйста) &#xA;=3.12=  я был в гостях у Росселя &#xA;=3.14=  у него был какой то юбилей, &#xA;=3.15=  может, может быть, может быть сто лет, &#xA;=3.17=  или сто пятьдесят ему было лет... &#xA;=3.19=  ээ, и, в этот момент, в этот момент &#xA;=3.21=  меня поселили в гостинице &#xA;=3.23=  и, когда я явился к завтраку (да) &#xA;=3.26=  ээ, то, &#xA;=3.27=   мм, значит, &#xA;=3.28=  вдруг я услышал, когда за спиною за моей,  &#xA;=3.31=  когда я съедал салатик, &#xA;=3.32=  из помидорчиков, &#xA;=3.33=  за спиною за моей, я услышал скандал (возник) &#xA;=3.36=  мне стало теперь ясно, да, как она возня, скандал, пфф, &#xA;=3.40=  и, ээ, ээ, злобное шипение: 'нет нельзя! нет нельзя!', &#xA;=3.43=  'не велено пускать', &#xA;=3.44=  ии, наконец, &#xA;=3.45=  ээ, когда я &#xA;=3.47=  спросил, спросил официанта: &#xA;=3.48=  'скажите пожалуйста, &#xA;=3.49=  что за глупая возня, какая-то, которая мне портит аппетит?'&#xA;=3.53=  Они сказали: ээ&#xA;=3.55=  Это Газманов, певец Газманов, рвётся &#xA;=3.57=  позавтракать. Я сказал: &#xA;=3.59=  'Какая грязь!' &#xA;=4.00=  А что, а почему, он не такой же? &#xA;=4.02=  (а утренний голод, он такой) Я тебе хочу сказать, &#xA;         нет, я сказал: &#xA;=4.04=  &quot;хорошо, а почему? &#xA;=4.05=  А что случилось? &#xA;=4.07=  А что, вот же столы, столы, столы...&quot; &#xA;=4.08=  там был большой зал (да, да) &#xA;=4.10=  они сказали: &#xA;=4.11=  'дело в том, что &#xA;=4.12=  принято решение, что пока вы не &#xA;=4.14=  позавтракали, чтобы не нарушать ваш покой, &#xA;=4.15=  чтобы не нарушать ваш покой, &#xA;=4.17=  эээ... (они думали, что Газманов бросится у вас брать...) &#xA;=4.18=  никого не пускать, &#xA;=4.20=  никого не... они думали что &#xA;=4.22=  (бросится у Вас брать интервью) &#xA;=4.23=  нет, что &#xA;=4.24=  Газманов ворвётся в, в зал завтрака, с криком: &#xA;=4.27=  'Москва!!! Гремят колокола!!!' (понятно) что-нибудь такое...&#xA;=4.29=  а я тут ку[шать] изволил...    &#xA;=4.31=  (эскадрон моих мыслей шальных)&#xA;=4.34=  абсолютно верно...&#xA;=4.36=  я подошел лично к дверце, к этой, которая пускала в зал&#xA;=4.39=  (Вы открыли, Вы впустили его?) &#xA;=4.40=  я сказал администратору, этой пылкой женщине, лет 45-ти &#xA;=4.44=  (как к тореодору, впускают быка)&#xA;=4.45=  я сказал, я оказал: &quot;прошу вас, пожалуйста&quot; &#xA;=4.48=  я считаю это неправильным &#xA;=4.51=  я считаю это неправильно, [? помиловались ?] &#xA;=4.53=  что за элитарность? &#xA;=4.54=  я готов... &#xA;=4.56=  я готов с этим пая... ну я готов... (тем более это Газманов...)&#xA;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T13:52:01.687" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-06-12T09:10:57.823" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9090" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9103" CreationDate="2015-07-06T19:41:58.010" Score="0" ViewCount="4914" Body="&lt;p&gt;В словаре Ефремова слово &lt;em&gt;схожий&lt;/em&gt; определяется таким образом:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;схожий:&lt;/strong&gt; Похожий на кого-л., что-л.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли какая-нибудь разница между словами &lt;em&gt;похожий&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;схожий&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-07-06T21:40:19.920" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T19:55:47.530" Title="Схожий или похожий?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9091" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-06T20:16:15.390" Score="-2" ViewCount="353" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to write April seventeenth two thousand fifteen in Russian, im trying to figure out a interesting way to get a tattoo of the date my grandmother died&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5654" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T22:29:48.177" Title="How to write out the date in russian for a tattoo" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-07-06T23:14:21.513" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9091" CreationDate="2015-07-06T21:18:57.477" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Цифрами можно написать 17.04.2015&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T21:18:57.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9090" CreationDate="2015-07-06T21:26:20.700" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Схожий с Петром (с кем-чем? - дательный падеж).&#xA;Похожий на Петра (на кого-что? - Винительный падеж).&#xA;Схожий с кем-то.&#xA;Похожий на кого-то.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T21:26:20.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9091" CreationDate="2015-07-06T22:29:48.177" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, the date is usually written in the DD.MM.YYYY format, separated by the point, for example 07.07.2015 or 09.05.1945 (the latter means May 9th, not September 5th - day is written first).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5702" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T22:29:48.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9071" CreationDate="2015-07-06T22:39:42.567" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the sentences like &quot;X is Y&quot; Y is &lt;em&gt;never&lt;/em&gt; used in accusative. So, the right form is &quot;Джон - актер&quot; (long dash is usually required if the subject is a noun). But, however, you can (and must in non-present tenses) explicitly specify the &quot;to be&quot; verb, then the predicate will be in &lt;em&gt;instrumental&lt;/em&gt; case:   Джон является &lt;em&gt;актером&lt;/em&gt; (John is an actor), Джон был актером (John was an actor)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5702" LastActivityDate="2015-07-06T22:39:42.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9096" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9097" CreationDate="2015-07-07T01:32:15.073" Score="1" ViewCount="189" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/H22fZWySJ50?t=2m9s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/H22fZWySJ50?t=2m9s&lt;/a&gt; video, which I believe is a new arrangement of famous Russian folksong, someone speaks in Russian for 2 seconds. Can someone translate this saying to English please?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The speaking happens at 2:09 in the video.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5703" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T14:01:14.233" Title="Russian speaking at the ending credits track from &quot;Grand Budapest Hotel&quot; (2014)" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;other-languages&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-07-09T00:30:30.070" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9097" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9096" CreationDate="2015-07-07T01:39:55.420" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is &quot;Раз, два, три, четыре!&quot; which means &quot;One, two, three, four!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T01:39:55.420" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9098" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-07T04:46:07.350" Score="0" ViewCount="78" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need comma right after the word недопустима in the following text:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Опять же, всё это не является оценкой того, правильна или&#xA;  неправильна, допустима или &lt;strong&gt;недопустима&lt;/strong&gt; та или иная тактика со стороны игрока.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2015-07-07T14:10:59.017" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T14:10:59.017" Title="Comma in the end of list of pairs of some alternatives" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9098" CreationDate="2015-07-07T04:54:51.600" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You don't need to put the comma after the list of pairs of alternatives. Commas are only needed to separate such pairs, which is done correctly in your example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T04:54:51.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9100" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9101" CreationDate="2015-07-07T05:09:43.077" Score="7" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any way to refine the definition of the word &quot;приняться&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%EF%F0%E8%ED%FF%F2%FC%F1%FF&amp;amp;all=x&quot;&gt;The Большой толковый словарь Кузнецова&lt;/a&gt; gives the following definition:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ПРИНЯТЬСЯ, примусь, примешься; принялся, -лась, -лось; принявшийся;&#xA;  св. 1. за что и с инф. &lt;strong&gt;Начать какое-л. дело, приступить к чему-л.&lt;/strong&gt; П.&#xA;  за работу, за дело, за уроки. П. за уборку, за стирку. П. за еду, за&#xA;  обед. П. читать, делать уроки, шить. П. кричать, плакать, смеяться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, while &lt;em&gt;приняться&lt;/em&gt; seems to go along well with a wide range of verbs, for example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;принялся бежать изо всех сил&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;принялся орать во всё горло&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;принялся ходить взад-вперёд&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it still doesn't fit in well - at least to me (I may be wrong, of course) - in some other cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;принялся идти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;принялся спать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;принялся стоять&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;принялся означать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;принялся принадлежать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, is it possible to come up with some rule or a principle as to what kind of words would naturally follow the verb &lt;em&gt;приняться&lt;/em&gt; in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T15:14:29.807" Title="Words that usually would follow the verb &quot;приняться&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9100" CreationDate="2015-07-07T06:38:33.617" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть вот такое объяснение:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;М. Панов. Труды по общему языкознанию и русскому языку, Volume 2, О скрытых грамматических значениях, &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=kabSAAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;lpg=PA262&amp;amp;dq=%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B8&amp;amp;pg=PA262#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;стр. 262&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... конструкции с инфинитивом — эллиптичны и представляют собой&#xA;  сокращенные трансформы оборотов: &lt;em&gt;Он (начал, стал) орать&lt;/em&gt; — с фазовыми&#xA;  глаголами начала действия. При фазовом глаголе возможен только&#xA;  инфинитив несов. вида. Однако весь оборот (с эллиптическим устраненным&#xA;  глаголом типа &lt;em&gt;Он — орать&lt;/em&gt;) приобретает значение сов. вида: &lt;em&gt;А что они&#xA;  сделали в ответ? — Они — кричать.&lt;/em&gt; Вопрос: что делали? — не подходит.&#xA;  Такого вопроса требует глагол сов. вида: &lt;em&gt;начали, принялись, стали,&lt;/em&gt; и&#xA;  вся конструкция имеет состав: &lt;em&gt;(начать) + кричать.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С глаголами однонаправленного движения: &lt;em&gt;ползти, лететь, идти, нестись,&#xA;  плыть, ехать&lt;/em&gt; и пр. не сочетаются фазовые глаголы со значением начала&#xA;  или конца движения. Невозможно: &lt;em&gt;Он принялся идти, он начал ехать, он&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;стал лететь.&lt;/em&gt; Поэтому и невозможны конструкции: &lt;em&gt;Он — идти. Он — лететь&lt;/em&gt; и&#xA;  т. д. Исключение составляет глагол &lt;em&gt;бежать&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Я ему: стой! — а он бежать!&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  Причина в том, что для этого глагола есть специализированный фазовый&#xA;  начинательный глагол: &lt;em&gt;пустился (припустился) бежать.&lt;/em&gt; Ср. еще: &lt;em&gt;Он давай&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;бежать,&lt;/em&gt; при невозможности: &lt;em&gt;Он давай лететь; Он давай плыть.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно добавить еще один фазовый глагол: &lt;em&gt;взялся.&lt;/em&gt; А вот тезис о невозможности конструкции &lt;em&gt;принялся идти, начал ехать, ...&lt;/em&gt; здесь очень слаб, нетрудно найти контрпримеры в литературном языке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ценное здесь то, что подмечен &lt;strong&gt;принцип:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;принялся, взялся, стал, начал, припустился&lt;/em&gt; — это фазовые глаголы, которые всю конструкцию &lt;em&gt;Vфаз + Vinf&lt;/em&gt; превращают в составное глагольное сказуемое совершенного вида.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Следовательно, некоторую необычность и странность в звучании с фазовыми глаголами будут давать такие глаголы в инфинитиве, для которых &quot;что-то не так&quot; с заменой на совершенный вид.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Принялся бежать (сов.)→ побежал, отбежал, сбежал...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Принялся идти (сов.)→ пошел&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Принялся спать (сов.)→ уснул&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Принялся принадлежать (сов.)→ ??&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно заметить закономерность, что совершенный вид &quot;странных&quot; глаголов имеет другую корневую морфему, то есть, имеется разрыв в цепи морфологических изменений.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T06:38:33.617" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9100" CreationDate="2015-07-07T07:03:55.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The usage of this verb is limited to some specific situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Принялся &lt;strong&gt;за дело, за работу&lt;/strong&gt; (started working eagerly).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Реставратору принесли инструменты, и он *принялся за дело*.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Принялся &lt;strong&gt;за (что-то другое)&lt;/strong&gt; (started doing some action towards smth. after doing it to another thing).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Доев бифштекс, он *принялся за десерт*.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Принялся &lt;strong&gt;делать что-либо&lt;/strong&gt; - as a rule, in the presence of the teller (started doing something taking his time):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Увидев выброшенный кем-то компьютер, он попросил меня подождать и *принялся* его *разбирать*.&#xA;&#xA;Когда мы подошли к реке, он вдруг остановился и *принялся дразнить* уток.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T07:03:55.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9090" CreationDate="2015-07-07T07:47:37.540" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово &quot;схожий&quot; обычно употребляется в более узком значении. Например, &quot;Иван схож с Петром&quot; чаще всего означает, что у них есть какие-то общие черты характера, в то время как &quot;Иван похож на Петра&quot; в зависимости от контекста может значить и наличие общих черт характера, и сходство внешности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кроме того, употребление слова &quot;похожий&quot; в смысле отличном от физического сходства имеет оттенок неточности, разговорного стиля. Поэтому в качестве &quot;книжного&quot; (а также математического) термина в таких случаях употребляется слово &quot;подобный&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T07:47:37.540" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8967" CreationDate="2015-07-07T08:34:26.887" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;***we don't speak Russian at home&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот и объяснение вашего языкового барьера. Сайты и аудио вам не помогут, нужна интенсивная практика с носителями языка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T08:34:26.887" CommentCount="7" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-06-12T09:10:57.823" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9013" CreationDate="2015-07-07T12:30:29.103" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on your &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/9091/551&quot;&gt;additional question&lt;/a&gt;, there is a special (old-fashioned) way of writting dates that is currently used &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on a tombstones and railroad equipment&lt;/a&gt;. For instance, here's how May, 4 2006 will look like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/math/5/a/b/5abba376587f0c922887165abd20acc6.png&quot; alt=&quot;May, 4 2006&quot;&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in case of April 17, 2015 it will look like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;b&gt;    17 &#xA; 20 -- 15 &#xA;    IV &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T08:50:32.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9090" CreationDate="2015-07-07T12:41:13.317" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Похожий - имеет внешнее сходство&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Схожий - имеет любое сходство, внешнее, внутреннее, по принципу действия и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Похожий = can be taken/mistaken for, reminds&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Схожий = similar in essence or in certain features&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-07-10T19:55:47.530" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T19:55:47.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9107" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9098" CreationDate="2015-07-07T13:14:38.290" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Опять же, всё это не является оценкой того, правильна или неправильна, допустима или недопустима та или иная тактика со стороны игрока.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Частица &quot;ли&quot; в обоих случаях НЕ нужна.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Слово &quot;насчёт&quot; НЕ нужно.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Запятая после слова &quot;неправильна&quot; нужна, запятая после слова &quot;недопустима&quot; НЕ нужна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-07T13:41:58.317" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T13:41:58.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9096" CreationDate="2015-07-07T13:26:27.217" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это инструментальный вариант (без слов) русской народной песни &quot;Светит месяц, светит ясный&quot;. Фольклорная певица Надежда Бабкина произносит слова &quot;Раз, два, три, четыре!&quot;&#xA;This is the instrumental version (without words) russian folk song &quot;The moon shines, it shines clear.&quot; Folk singer Nadezhda Babkina utters the words &quot;One, two, three, four!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-07-08T14:01:14.233" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T14:01:14.233" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9100" CreationDate="2015-07-07T15:14:29.807" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Принялся означать, принялся спать и принялся принадлежать - по-русски будет звучать неграмотно. В данном случае выработка общего правила вам лишь повредит. Просто запоминайте наиболее ходовые варианты с этим словом и пользуйтесь ими. А если вам нужно более универсальное слово, используйте не &quot;принялся&quot;, а &quot;начал&quot;. С ним можно гораздо безопаснее создавать сочетания.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T15:14:29.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9045" CreationDate="2015-07-07T15:24:38.010" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to add that teachers will very rarely use patronymics to address students. They will address a student as Sasha, or Alexander, or Ivanov. But very rarely (maybe as a joke or a very formal cold way) Alexander Ivanovich. And NEVER Sasha Ivanovich cause it's just incorrect usage. If there are several Sashas, a teacher will use a last name to tell one from another, not a patronymic. So use a last name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T15:24:38.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9053" CreationDate="2015-07-07T23:58:42.933" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Встречаюсь с друзьями - it was planned.&#xA;Встречаю друзей - it happens by chance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW keep in mind that if you say &quot;Я встречаюсь с этой девушкой&quot;, it often means you date her. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2015-07-07T23:58:42.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9096" CreationDate="2015-07-08T03:30:11.750" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a &quot;one-two=three-four&quot; count-off for the next segment of the performance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Superb performance, BTW.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5698" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T03:30:11.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9113" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9114" CreationDate="2015-07-08T06:13:26.360" Score="4" ViewCount="283" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pushkin&lt;/a&gt;'s &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/9068/about-pushkins-%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0-how-to-read-it&quot;&gt;Дружба&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; the word &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;легкий&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, an adjective meaning &amp;quot;slight&amp;quot;. There's even &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/4103/how-to-pronounce-%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9?rq=1&quot;&gt;an interesting thread&lt;/a&gt; on Russian S.E. about the modern pronouciation of the word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I noticed two ways to write it : either &lt;strong&gt;легкий&lt;/strong&gt; (as Puskin did) either &lt;strong&gt;лёгкий&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;modern dictionaries do&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence my questions :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) which phonological/orthographic shift explains both spellings ? I can't see anything helpfull in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Wikipedia article dedicated to the reforms of Russian orthography&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) how was the word was pronounced at Pushkin's times ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5652" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-04-11T11:09:27.907" LastActivityDate="2021-04-11T11:09:27.907" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;лёгкий&quot; and &quot;легкий&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;буква-ё&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="9114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9113" CreationDate="2015-07-08T07:37:44.673" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Letter ё is optional, it is usually replaced by е. We have a number of questions about this letter on this site, for example: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/6770/551&quot;&gt;Using written е instead of &amp;#235;&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/1465/551&quot;&gt;Is &amp;#39;ё&amp;#39; a distinct letter, or is it just &amp;#39;е&amp;#39; with a diaeresis?&lt;/a&gt;,  &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/4304/551&quot;&gt;What are all the times where &amp;quot;е&amp;quot; changes to &amp;quot;ё&amp;quot;?&lt;/a&gt;. In short, letter ё is always used only in dictionaries, text for beginners and children, uncommon foreign words (like geographical names) and in cases when difference between word with ё and е is not obvious from the context (like небо (sky) and нёбо (roof of mouth)).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For modern reader it is definitely лёгкий. As for Pushkin times - I'm not sure what was the pronunciation at those times. Usually you notice the difference when two words stand at the end of the verse and should be rhymed (like Ольга/фольга pair which currently have different stresses, but at the beginning of the XX century both words had a stress on a first syllable).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But even when two words happen at the end of a poem's line, it is hard to tell should those words be pronounced with ё or with е. A &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/class/istiny/istiny_7_jo/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;long article about letter ё&lt;/a&gt; has the following example (by academic Vinogradov) of Pushkin's Poltava:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тесним мы шведов рать за ратью;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Темнеет слава их &lt;strong&gt;знамен&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;И бога брани благодатью&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Наш каждый шаг &lt;strong&gt;запечатлен&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Vinogradov here both words are likely using &amp;quot;е&amp;quot; (знам&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;н/запечатл&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;н), but we cannot tell for sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example where there is е and not ё is verses from Krylov's fable &amp;quot;Лебедь, Щука и Рак&amp;quot; (example from &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81#.D0.98.D0.B7.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.B2_XVII.E2.80.94XIX_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда в товарищах согласья нет —&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;На лад их дело не пойдет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, in Krylov's times пойдет was pronounced as е as can be seen from the rhymed нет/пойдет. Interestingly, in modern textbook for pupils пойдет in this verse is written using ё: пойд&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;т.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looks like it was pronounced as л&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;гкий in Pushkin times. According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81#.D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; the letter &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;'s was printed for a first time in 1795. Before that time a number of letter combinations served to resemble this sound (о, ьо, їô, ió, ио). However Google Books has a book printed in 1792, which is entitled &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=Xa9iAAAAcAAJ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Новый &lt;strong&gt;легкий&lt;/strong&gt; и самый безопасый способ лѣчения чесотки&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;. If it has to be pronounced as ё there should be one of this combinations used: о, ьо, їô, ió, ио. Since it is not so, it has to be read as &amp;quot;е&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="1688" LastEditDate="2021-04-08T21:46:01.877" LastActivityDate="2021-04-08T21:46:01.877" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="9115" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-07-08T08:48:51.693" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ё, ё — 7-я буква русского алфавита. В словах исконно русского происхождения (кроме слов с приставками трёх- и четырёх-) всегда несёт ударение. В редких случаях безударного использования (что возможно только в заимствованиях: кёнигсбе́ргский, сёрфинги́ст, сложных словах: лёссови́дный, словах с приставками трёх- и четырёх-: четырёхча́стный, или в словах, образованных от названия самой буквы «ё»: ёфика́ция) фонетически тождественна безударным «и», «е», «я» либо имеет побочное ударение, но может отражать особенности написания в языке-источнике.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В русском письме простановка точек над «ё» в большинстве случаев факультативна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Согласно справочнику «Правила русской орфографии и пунктуации» (М., 2006), употребление буквы ё может быть последовательным и выборочным. Последовательное употребление обязательно в следующих разновидностях печатных текстов: а) в текстах с последовательно поставленными знаками ударения (к ним относятся в том числе заголовочные слова в словарях и энциклопедиях); б) в книгах, адресованных детям младшего возраста; в) в учебных текстах для школьников младших классов и иностранцев, изучающих русский язык. При этом сделана важнейшая оговорка: по желанию автора или редактора любая книга может быть напечатана последовательно с буквой ё.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В обычных печатных текстах, согласно справочнику, буква ё употребляется выборочно. Рекомендуется употреблять ее в следующих случаях: 1) для предупреждения неправильного опознания слова, напр.: всё, нёбо, лётом, совершённый (в отличие соответственно от слов все, небо, летом, совершенный), в том числе для указания на место ударения в слове, напр.: вёдро, узнаём (в отличие от ведро́, узна́ем); 2) для указания правильного произношения слова – либо редкого, недостаточно хорошо известного, либо имеющего распространенное неправильное произношение, напр.: гёзы, сёрфинг, флёр, твёрже, щёлочка, в том числе для указания правильного ударения, напр.: побасёнка, приведённый, унесённый, осуждённый, новорождённый, филёр; 3) в собственных именах – фамилиях, географических названиях, напр.: Конёнков, Неёлова, Катрин Денёв, Шрёдингер, Дежнёв, Кошелёв, Чебышёв, Вёшенская, Олёкма.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-08T08:48:51.693" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T08:48:51.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9116" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-07-08T08:48:51.693" Score="0" Body="Questions about usage of letter ё and it's replacement by letter е." OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-08T08:48:51.693" LastActivityDate="2015-07-08T08:48:51.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9121" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9139" CreationDate="2015-07-09T12:32:46.450" Score="4" ViewCount="1538" Body="&lt;p&gt;Лингво переводит слова &lt;em&gt;пытаться&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;пробовать&lt;/em&gt; как &lt;em&gt;try, attempt&lt;/em&gt;. С другой стороны, словарь Ефремова говорит, что &lt;em&gt;пытаться&lt;/em&gt; значит то же, что и &lt;em&gt;стараться&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли какая-то разница между этими словами?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-07-09T13:19:42.023" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T12:23:18.493" Title="Пытаться, стараться и пробовать" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9122" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9121" CreationDate="2015-07-09T13:07:55.167" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Словарь Ожегова&#xA;ПРО́БОВАТЬ, -бую, -буешь; -анный; несовер.&#xA;1. кого (что). Испытывать, проверять. Пробовать свои силы. Пробовать артиста на какую-нибудь роль.&#xA;2. что. Есть для пробы, чтобы определить вкус, готовность чего-нибудь. Пробовать кушанье.&#xA;3. с неопред. Пытаться, стараться что-н. сделать. Пробовал объясниться.&#xA;Толковый словарь Ушакова&#xA;ПЫТАТЬСЯ, пытаюсь, пытаешься, несовер. 1. (совер. попытаться). Делать попытку, стараться, пробовать что нибудь сделать. «Он напрасно пытается закурить: отсырелый табак не принимает огня.»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-07-09T13:16:45.263" LastActivityDate="2015-07-09T13:16:45.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9121" CreationDate="2015-07-09T13:08:54.213" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если коротко, то это синонимы, так же как и try и attempt. И так же как и try и attempt &lt;strong&gt;оба&lt;/strong&gt; эти слова могут значить и &quot;делать попытку&quot;, и &quot;стараться&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если подлиннее, то &quot;пробовать&quot; - это позднее заимствование из латыни (probare) через польский (próba, próbować) или же немецкий (Probe).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А &quot;пытать(ся)&quot; - славянское слово означающее &quot;спрашивать&quot;. Однако же в современном русском языке &quot;пытать&quot; обыкновенно означает &quot;допрос с пристрастием&quot; (torture), а &quot;пытаться&quot; - как раз синоним &quot;пробовать&quot;. &quot;Пытать&quot; в значении &quot;спрашивать&quot; встречается довольно редко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5543" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T12:23:18.493" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T12:23:18.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9121" CreationDate="2015-07-09T16:38:37.570" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Они во многих случаях взаимозаменимы, но у каждого свой оттенок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Интуитивно представляется так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;стараться&lt;/strong&gt; — ясный метод достижения цели, более или менее вероятный успех;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пытаться&lt;/strong&gt; — ясный метод, но успех далеко не гарантирован;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пробовать&lt;/strong&gt; — успех не гарантирован, и даже метод может быть неверным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-07-09T16:38:37.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9125" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9135" CreationDate="2015-07-09T17:28:48.717" Score="3" ViewCount="130" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А наверху ещё посмотрим, чья возьмёт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(В. Березин, &lt;em&gt;Путевые знаки&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Значит ли это предложение то же, что&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А наверху ещё посмотрим, кто победит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastActivityDate="2015-07-16T16:32:28.880" Title="&quot;Чья возьмёт&quot; - значение" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9126" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9127" CreationDate="2015-07-09T17:31:50.107" Score="5" ViewCount="264" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У неё была одна странность: она дружила с крысой. Крыса была &lt;strong&gt;примечательная&lt;/strong&gt;, жила неизвестно где и приходила на зов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему здесь нет краткой формы прилагательного, т.е. &lt;strong&gt;примечательна&lt;/strong&gt;? Это ведь (пожалуй составное) сказуемое. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-09T21:42:21.737" LastActivityDate="2015-11-09T21:42:21.737" Title="&quot;Крыса была примечательная&quot; or &quot;примечательна&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9126" CreationDate="2015-07-09T17:34:28.363" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сказуемое - &quot;была примечательная&quot;. Это составное именное сказуемое. Именная часть сказуемого в принципе может выражаться разными частями речи - и существительным, и кратким прилагательным, и полным прилагательным (как в данном случае).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Крыса была примечательна - жила неизвестно где...&quot; - это значит, что крыса была примечательна именно тем, что жила неизвестно где.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Крыса была примечательная, жила неизвестно где...&quot; - это два более-менее независимых утверждения (в том смысле, что крыса, вероятно, была примечательна не только тем, что она жила неизвестно где).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD.&lt;/strong&gt; Поскольку полные прилагательные получились из кратких добавлением указательного местоимения, то есть фактически &lt;em&gt;примечательная&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;примечательна + я&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;примечательна + та самая&lt;/em&gt;, то можно предложить простую аналогию из английского языка:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Крыса была примечательна --&gt; The rat was remarkable&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Крыса была примечательна&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt; --&gt; The rat was &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; remarkable &lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-11-09T09:02:08.060" LastActivityDate="2015-11-09T09:02:08.060" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9128" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9140" CreationDate="2015-07-09T17:39:49.743" Score="3" ViewCount="477" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но &lt;strong&gt;ничего такого&lt;/strong&gt; всё же не случилось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(В. Березин, &lt;em&gt;Путевые знаки&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но я бы сказал вместо этого предложения&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но &lt;strong&gt;ничто такое&lt;/strong&gt; всё же не случилось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли разница между этими предложениями? Или, может, моё совсем неправильно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-07-09T18:10:38.187" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T00:31:39.553" Title="Случаться и родительный падеж" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9129" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9132" CreationDate="2015-07-09T17:44:11.010" Score="1" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Прямо готовая реклама по технике безопасности - &lt;strong&gt;что-что&lt;/strong&gt;, а череп у него остался совершенно цел, и зубы были просто идеальные - ровные, аккуратные, я такими похвастаться не мог.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наши пальцы сцепились сами, и я обнял её &lt;strong&gt;крепко-крепко&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(В. Березин, &lt;em&gt;Путевые знаки&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какая в этих примерах функция повторения? Я понимаю первый пример как &lt;em&gt;чуть-чуть&lt;/em&gt;, а второй как &lt;em&gt;всё крепче&lt;/em&gt;. Прав ли я?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-07-09T17:56:45.207" Title="Повторение слова - какая функция в этих примерах?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9130" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9133" CreationDate="2015-07-09T17:53:27.270" Score="1" ViewCount="464" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Хочешь, я буду звать тебя Кэтрин, как в старых романах. В старых романах герой всегда прощался перед путешествием и обещал привезти что-нибудь. Аленький цветочек, например.&#xA;  &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;— Аленький цветочек это уже &lt;strong&gt;инцест&lt;/strong&gt;. Ты всё-таки не мой папа. — Она улыбнулась в темноте, но я, хоть и ничего не видел, знал, что она улыбается. К счастью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В чём здесь дело? Я не вижу никакой связи кровосмешения с алыми цветками.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-07-09T18:05:04.957" LastActivityDate="2015-07-09T21:08:00.270" Title="Странное использование слова инцест" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9129" CreationDate="2015-07-09T17:56:35.640" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вы не совсем правы. В первом примере имеется в ввиду что череп остался цел, а остальные части тела нет. Во втором примере повторение используется для усиления: &quot;крепко-крепко&quot; означает &quot;очень крепко&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2015-07-09T17:56:35.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9132" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9129" CreationDate="2015-07-09T17:56:45.207" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Что-что, а&quot; служит для выделения объекта речи &lt;a href=&quot;http://translate.academic.ru/%D0%A7%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE,%20%D0%90/ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://translate.academic.ru/%D0%A7%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE,%20%D0%90/ru/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Крепко-крепко&quot; = очень крепко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-09T17:56:45.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9130" CreationDate="2015-07-09T18:06:41.490" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Аленький цветочек&quot; - это название сказки Аксакова. Сюжет - вариация на тему &quot;Красавица и чудовище&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Аленький цветочек, упоминаемый в заглавии, обещал привезти девушке отец (но сорвав его, он прогневал чудовище, что и является завязкой сюжета). Отсюда в общем-то и ассоциация.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-09T18:06:41.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9125" CreationDate="2015-07-09T20:59:24.403" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Чья возьмёт&#xA;(разгоговорное, экспрессивное) - кто выиграет в каком-либо деле; кто победит, одолеет. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне казалось, что России нет и уже никогда не будет, что всё потеряно и жить дальше не к чему. «Посмотрим, чья возьмёт, — подумал я. — Посмотрим»        (Паустовский. Повесть о жизни).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-10T07:32:29.257" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T07:32:29.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9130" CreationDate="2015-07-09T21:08:00.270" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;В книге, из которой вы цитируете отрывок, герои занимались сексом, а цветок в сказке привозил папа. Отсюда и намек на инцест. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2015-07-09T21:08:00.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8744" CreationDate="2015-07-10T03:19:45.093" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вообще-то именно она, эта &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;костяшка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &quot;домино&quot; и называется. А название игры исходно было множественное число от этого &quot;домино&quot;. Но поскольку домино несклоняемо (множественное число по форме совпадает с единственным), саму игру стали называть домино - в единственном числе, а &quot;доминошки&quot; - костями, костяшками, пластинками и проч. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кстати, в других языках этот принцип сохранился. В английском - игра dominos (также - dominoes), коcтяшки - domino, множественное - domonos&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5448" LastEditorUserId="5448" LastEditDate="2015-07-10T20:52:19.487" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T20:52:19.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9121" CreationDate="2015-07-10T06:56:39.033" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;(в рамках близких значений)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пытаться&lt;/strong&gt; - совершать целенаправленные действия в надежде на получение результата&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пробовать&lt;/strong&gt; - пытаться, будучи неуверенным в пригодности выбранного способа&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;стараться&lt;/strong&gt; - в рамках выбранного метода действий прикладывать усилия к получению наилучшего результата&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T06:56:39.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9128" CreationDate="2015-07-10T10:37:04.980" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Рассмотрим Ваш пример. Он не является частным, то есть, связанным с лексическими особенностями глагола &lt;em&gt;случаться&lt;/em&gt;(несов.)-&lt;em&gt;случиться&lt;/em&gt;(сов.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример сводится к схеме: &lt;code&gt;N_obj + не + V&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Фактически, вопрос сводится к следующему. В каком падеже ставить прямой объект при глаголе с отрицанием? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  Но ничего такого всё же не случилось.&#xA;    └─────┬───────┘      └─────┬──────┘&#xA;       object,               глагол &#xA;      Род.падеж            с отрицанием&#xA;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;История вопроса.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Она довольно давняя, вот например, &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=UuN6AgAAQBAJ&amp;amp;lpg=PA348&amp;amp;ots=R576YiqjJS&amp;amp;pg=PA348#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;Элементы антропоцентрической грамматики русского языка&quot;&gt;обсуждение его А.Пушкиным&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ответ краткий.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.narod.ru/2661-2673.html#2667&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;§ 2667.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;При переходных глаголах с отрицанием сильноуправляемое имя со знач. объекта может иметь форму род. или вин. п.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;§ 2668 гласит: Родительный падеж обязателен в следующих случаях ...; пункт (4): ...когда позицию имени со знач. объекта занимает местоимение &lt;code&gt;ничто&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ответ развернутый.&lt;/strong&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако, есть примеры с винительным падежом в литературе: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  ... но тогда ничто такое ему не будет опасно. [&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?num=30&amp;es_sm=93&amp;biw=1278&amp;bih=739&amp;tbm=bks&amp;q=%22%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%22+%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;Google Book Search&quot;&gt;Н.Лесков&lt;/a&gt;]&#xA;&#xA;  ... ничто не поддерживало въ нихъ такихъ воспоминаний,&#xA;     ничто такое не бросалось имъ въ глаза, ... [&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=8BV4BAAAQBAJ&amp;lpg=PT27&amp;dq=%22%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%20%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%22&amp;pg=PT27#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;Исторические монографии и исследования, стр. 26&quot;&gt;Н.Костомаров&lt;/a&gt;]&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Следовательно, законом или правилом это назвать нельзя. Можно поступить как в физике, там, если нет логически безупречного объяснения, то класс явлений объявляют физическим эффектом :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ничто&lt;/code&gt; называют местоименным словом. Буквально, слово/термин &lt;em&gt;&quot;местоимение&quot;&lt;/em&gt; можно прочитать &lt;em&gt;вместо-имени. (a word used instead of a name.)&lt;/em&gt; Или — &lt;em&gt;на месте имени. (a substitute word or proxy.)&lt;/em&gt; То есть, вместо конкретного &quot;наименования/имени&quot; используют обобщающий термин-слово. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если &lt;code&gt;ничто&lt;/code&gt; это (в)местоимение, грамматически не отличимое от имени, а имена у нас существительные, то есть, неотличимое от существительного, то это &lt;em&gt;обобщающий-термин-вместо-имени&lt;/em&gt; конкретного &quot;существительного&quot;. Тогда (в)местоимение &lt;code&gt;ничего&lt;/code&gt; можно считать местоименным словом &lt;code&gt;ничто&lt;/code&gt;, стоящим в родительном падеже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы видим ещё одно (в)местоимение — &lt;code&gt;такой.&lt;/code&gt; Это &lt;em&gt;термин-вместо-имени&lt;/em&gt; конкретного &lt;em&gt;&quot;прилагательного (lit.: a word used for adding on)&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему предпочитают родительный падеж? Вот как объясняет родительный падеж при глаголе с отрицанием Розенталь:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Д.Э. Розенталь. Русский язык. 2005&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Форма родительного падежа подчеркивает отрицание: &lt;em&gt;Угрюмых и серьёзных фигур их не терплю (Л.); Он не любил этого города (М.Г.).&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  Это общее положение конкретизируется рядом условий, наличие которых&#xA;  приводит к явному преобладанию формы родительного падежа дополнения&#xA;  при переходном глаголе с отрицанием: &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;отрицание усиливается&#xA;  частицей &lt;code&gt;ни&lt;/code&gt; или местоимением либо местоимением или наречием, в состав&#xA;  которого входит указанная частица: &lt;em&gt;Ни подкупы, ни запугивания, ни&#xA;  насилия, к которым прибегали судовладельцы, не сломили боевого духа&#xA;  итальянских моряков (Газ.); Никогда никому не доверял своей тайны&#xA;  (Ч.); Никто не видел такого тяжелого и скверного сна (М.Г.);&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И следующий Ваш пример. Попробуем разобраться, почему предпочитают родительный падеж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  Но ничто такое всё же не случилось.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Этот пример мы перепишем так, чтобы местоимение можно было использовать с именем одушевленным:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  Но ничто(никого) такое всё же не нашлось.&#xA;     └─────┬─────┘    \   &#xA;      Винительный      \___ не согласуется с винительным падежом&#xA;         падеж              для местоимения `никого`&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы переписали для того, чтобы показать проблему: в винительном падеже местоимение &lt;code&gt;ничто/никто&lt;/code&gt; примет форму &lt;code&gt;ничто/никого.&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выбором &lt;em&gt;одушевленное/неодушевленное&lt;/em&gt; вносится дополнительная дифференциация для винительного падежа, необходимы два словосочетания &lt;code&gt;ничто такое / никого такого.&lt;/code&gt; Родительный же падеж, одной формой, а значит, более экономно, передает более общее значение. Одно слово &lt;code&gt;такого&lt;/code&gt; и для одушевл., и для неодушевл. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для говорящего легче формулировать более общие утверждения. А поскольку русский язык относится к классу синтетических языков (на другой стороне аналитические, например, английский/китайский), тот, кто говорит/пишет, совершает больше работы, чем тот, кто читает написанное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Идя по пути наименьшего сопротивления, у носителей языка, видимо, и сложился навык использовать форму родительного падежа, &lt;code&gt;ничего/никого такого + не + глагол&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Почему существует два падежа?&lt;/strong&gt; Выбором падежа мы устраняем омонимию (двусмысленность):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;    Винительный       |       Родительный&#xA;----------------------+-----------------------&#xA;                      |&#xA;  Ты вилку не взял.   |   Ты вилки не взял.  &#xA;                      |        \&#xA;                      |         ед.ч. или мн.ч. ?&#xA;                      |         &#xA;  Мы не споем песню.  |   Мы не споем песни. &#xA;                      |                  \&#xA;                      |            ед.ч. или мн.ч. ?  &#xA;                      |&#xA;  Не построили дом.   |   Не построили дома.  &#xA;                      |                  \&#xA;                      |                внутри дома?&#xA;                      |                этого дома?&#xA;                      |     на письме: много домов?&#xA;                      |       На письме необходимо &#xA;                      |        обозначить ударение.&#xA; &lt;/pre&gt; &#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-07-13T08:58:22.040" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T08:58:22.040" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9141" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9143" CreationDate="2015-07-10T16:33:25.613" Score="10" ViewCount="1111" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Иди, дело есть. ― Чего? ― спросил Карусельщик с подозрением, но из тумана все же показался. // &lt;em&gt;[Елена Хаецкая. Синие стрекозы Вавилона/ Семеро праведных в раю господина (2004)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could anybody explain why &lt;em&gt;чего&lt;/em&gt; is used in genitive here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English you can say &quot;What?&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But why don't they use the nominative case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5717" LastEditorUserId="5510" LastEditDate="2016-08-08T13:14:32.527" LastActivityDate="2016-08-08T13:14:32.527" Title="Why do Russians say &quot;Чего?&quot; and not &quot;Что?&quot; when they didn't understand something?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="10" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9141" CreationDate="2015-07-10T16:57:20.597" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the  familiar-colloquial/low-colloquial word &lt;code&gt;чего?&lt;/code&gt;  there is equivalent in English &lt;code&gt;A what?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T16:57:20.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9141" CreationDate="2015-07-10T17:30:35.357" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не все россияне говорят &quot;чего?&quot;, культурная часть россиян говорит &quot;что?&quot;. Кроме разговорного варианта &quot;чего?&quot; есть ещё совсем просторечный вариант &quot;Чё?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not all the Russians say &quot;чего?&quot;, the educated Russian people rather use &quot;что?&quot;. In addition to the spoken version &quot;чего?&quot;, there is quite low colloquial variant of &quot;Чё?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="2380" LastEditDate="2015-07-11T09:36:14.743" LastActivityDate="2015-07-11T09:36:14.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9141" CreationDate="2015-07-10T17:47:59.940" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why should it be in Nominative? For me &lt;em&gt;что?&lt;/em&gt; is a shortening of &lt;em&gt;Что вы сказали?, Что вы хотите?&lt;/em&gt; or a similar question. In most such questions &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt; is the object, so it must be Accusative. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In colloquial speech, the Accusative is in some cases replaced with Genitive/Partitive.  People say &lt;em&gt;Чего ты хочешь?&lt;/em&gt; and sometimes even &lt;em&gt;Чего ты спросил?&lt;/em&gt;. &#xA;And the short form of such questions would be just &lt;em&gt;Чего?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T17:47:59.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9141" CreationDate="2015-07-10T17:51:59.540" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I should note that in this particular case &quot;Что/чего?&quot; does not stand for &quot;What do you say? I didn't understand&quot; but rather for &quot;What do you want?&quot; Although that depends upon the pronunciation yet more often people say &quot;Чего?&quot; when they really mean the latter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T17:51:59.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9141" CreationDate="2015-07-10T19:27:28.113" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;These phrases should be understood as contractions. I wrote the full forms to the right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что? = Что [ты говоришь]? or Что [ты сказал]? (What do/did you say?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чего? = Чего [ты хочешь]? or Чего [тебе надо]? (What do you want/need?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The later variant suggests that the listening party thinks the speaker wants/asks something from them, possibly something the listening party does not have or does not want to give or to do. As such it is usually considered less polite or more unfriendly/reluctant/unentusiastic/skeptical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example if the Карусельщик asked &quot;что?&quot; it would mean he requests the call to be repeated because he failed to hear it clearly. Asking &quot;чего?&quot; does not imply he wants a repeat. It rather requests for clarification as in &quot;What do you want from me?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-07-11T09:33:24.087" LastActivityDate="2015-07-11T09:33:24.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8744" CreationDate="2015-07-10T20:46:23.130" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually it is called камень by the players.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-12T08:36:10.043" LastActivityDate="2019-09-12T08:36:10.043" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="9148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9141" CreationDate="2015-07-10T20:49:06.107" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Could anybody explain why чего is used in genitive here?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not at all, that is not Genitive, just vulgar form for Nominative/Accusative &quot;Что&quot;.&#xA;From other hand, it may be short form for &quot;Чего ты хочешь?&quot; (what do you need?) or something similar. At the last sentantion the Genetive &quot;Что&quot; is fully correct as by as The Accusative &quot;Что?&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5448" LastActivityDate="2015-07-10T20:49:06.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9151" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-11T08:47:22.327" Score="3" ViewCount="242" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have learned that verbs &lt;em&gt;говорить&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;читать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;писать&lt;/em&gt; are used with an adverbial form of the language (e.g., “я говорю по-японски”).  On the other hand, it seems to me that the verb &lt;em&gt;слушать&lt;/em&gt; is rarely used with the adverbial one.  But I wonder whether &lt;em&gt;слушать&lt;/em&gt; may be used with the adverbial one in a few situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in a situation where I am listening to the radio news by selecting the Japanese language in sound multiplex broadcasting, is it possible to say “я слушаю новости радио по-японски”?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4028" LastActivityDate="2017-12-15T09:36:14.563" Title="Is &quot;слушать&quot; used with an adverbial form of the language?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9151" CreationDate="2015-07-11T09:00:30.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я слушаю по радио новости по-японски.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я слушаю радионовости по-японски.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these sentences по-японски refers to новости.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your phrase &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я слушаю новости радио по-японски.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means actually &quot;I am listening the news about radio in Japanese&quot;, possibly not something you wanted to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-07-11T09:00:30.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9151" CreationDate="2015-07-11T10:29:33.000" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although the spelling suggests that &quot;по-русски&quot; is a whole word yet it still sounds for us like two words that is &quot;like Russian&quot;, &quot;Russian way&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So when I say &quot;Я говорю по-русски&quot; deeply in my mind I think both &quot;I &lt;strong&gt;do&lt;/strong&gt; speak Russian&quot; and &quot;I can speak &lt;strong&gt;like&lt;/strong&gt; Russians&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus saying &quot;Я слушаю по-русски&quot; seems to be a nonsense as there's no way to listen &quot;like Russians do&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-11T10:29:33.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9154" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9174" CreationDate="2015-07-11T11:01:37.130" Score="2" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any app where you would give in a date (for exmaple July 11th, 2015) and it would write out the correct way to say it in russain (i.e.  Одиннадцатого Июля две тысячи пятнадцатого года)? I want to practice this, but I am never sure I got it right - so such a tool would be cool to check for mistakes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5721" LastActivityDate="2015-07-12T19:39:15.967" Title="App to print out fully expanded name of dates" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9141" CreationDate="2015-07-11T12:26:45.113" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually &quot;чего&quot; isn't necessarily vulgar. A lot depends on intonation of the speaker and the context. But it tends to sound ruder and more colloquial than &quot;что&quot;. Still people who are in very good relations can use &quot;чего&quot; as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2015-07-11T12:26:45.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9151" CreationDate="2015-07-11T12:57:45.300" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нельзя сказать &quot;я слушаю новости радио по-японски&quot;. Это неправильно. Нужно сказать &quot;я слушаю по радио новости на японском языке&quot;.&#xA;You cannot say &quot;я слушаю новости радио по-японски&quot;. This is wrong. You can say &quot;я слушаю по радио новости на японском языке&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastActivityDate="2015-07-11T12:57:45.300" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9157" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-11T14:25:41.057" Score="0" ViewCount="229" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have read &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5%20%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%20%D0%B8%20%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%20%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5%20%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;amp;ie=utf-8&amp;amp;oe=utf-8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the anecdote&lt;/a&gt; in Russian  that reads literally as &quot;to get more milk from a cow and spend less food, you should feed your cow less and milk it more&quot;. Is that a common anecdote in Russia? Do you say that in everyday speech in Russia? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would you react if someone said it without an explanation of what he/she meant by a cow and milk?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The context:&#xA;I come to my colleagues at work and say, for example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ruble is falling, and we are drowning in the crisis. I want to get more milk from a cow and spend less food.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5723" LastEditorUserId="5723" LastEditDate="2015-07-11T15:15:50.867" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T10:43:28.940" Title="to get more milk from a cow and spend less food, you should feed your cow less and milk it more" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9157" CreationDate="2015-07-11T14:50:51.007" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read that joke, but I don't say or hear it in everyday speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would I respond to it, depends entirely on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATED:  In my opinion, the joke is about silly and trivial suggestions by stupid &quot;experts&quot;, so it is not to be used in this context. If applied to Russia, the joke is about authorities, which, according to the joke author, in hard times increase the burden of taxation instead of trying to help people/small businesses. For your context, I don't even understand what is the meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2015-07-11T21:57:28.663" LastActivityDate="2015-07-11T21:57:28.663" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9159" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-11T17:17:00.143" Score="4" ViewCount="756" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как я понимаю, глагол &lt;strong&gt;отправлять&lt;/strong&gt; имеет следующие формы:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я отправлял - я отправляю - я буду отправлять,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;тогда как глагол &lt;strong&gt;отправить&lt;/strong&gt; как будто бы не имеет формы настоящего времени:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я отправил - ??? - я отправлю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я выстроил их в соответствии с совершенным/несовершенным родом и не понимаю этой системы - можно ли считать совершенный род аналогом английского &lt;em&gt;perfect&lt;/em&gt;'а, а его как будто бы прошедшее время - &lt;em&gt;present perfect&lt;/em&gt;? Тогда как обстоит дело с &lt;em&gt;past perfect&lt;/em&gt;? И есть ли примеры пар глаголов, у которых есть все шесть форм? Я придумал только глаголы вроде &lt;strong&gt;пить/выпить/выпивать&lt;/strong&gt; с формами&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я пил - я пью - я буду пить,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я выпил - ??? - я выпью,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я выпивал - я выпиваю - я буду выпивать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;соответственно, у которых совершенный вид всё равно не имеет одного из времен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2380" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-08-02T10:07:15.843" Title="Есть ли настоящее время у глагола отправить?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;спряжение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9157" CreationDate="2015-07-11T17:27:51.230" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Во времена СССР анекдоты можно было услышать только от друзей и коллег, а сейчас много анекдотов публикуется в &quot;жёлтой прессе&quot; и в Интернете. Этот анекдот (о корове) - мало известен, в повседневной речи в России его не употребляют. Совершенно понятно, что анекдот о корове и молоке - иносказательный и речь в нём идёт на самом деле о экономическом кризисе.&#xA;During Soviet times, the jokes could be heard only from friends and colleagues, and now a lot of anecdotes is published in the tabloids and on the Internet. This anecdote (of a cow) is little known, in everyday speech in Russia it is not consumed. It is clear that the story about the cow and the milk is allegorical and it is actually about the economic crisis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastActivityDate="2015-07-11T17:27:51.230" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9159" CreationDate="2015-07-11T18:30:14.137" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;У совершенных глаголов просто нет настоящего времени. Можно сказать, что они обозначают бесконечно короткие события. Они не соответствуют виду perfect, скорее simple (не точно, но вид continous всегда, пожалуй, переводят как несовершенные глаголы, а совершенные глаголы - как вид simple).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Present perfect continous переводят как несовершенный вид прошлого (если событие окончено) времени, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы смотрели фильм &quot;Белая собака&quot;. - You have been watching the film &quot;White Dog&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я бы сказал, что вид simple обозначает короткие и очень долгие события, так что он соответствует несовершенному виду, если обозначает конечные короткие (Present Simple не может обозначать бесконечно коротких, потому что &quot;теперь&quot; бесконечно короткое, а по логике русского* языка две беск. короткие вещи не могут случиться в одно время) или очень долгие вещи (Present Simple как gnomic aspect или напр., когда можно поставить used to на место Past Simple).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;* и польского, - я поляк&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5574" LastEditorUserId="5574" LastEditDate="2015-08-02T10:07:15.843" LastActivityDate="2015-08-02T10:07:15.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9159" CreationDate="2015-07-11T19:09:35.243" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Категория времени в русском языке существенно отличается от западноевропейских языков, так что не нужно искать аналогию там где её нет. В частности, &lt;em&gt;ничего&lt;/em&gt; соответствующего ни давнопрошедшему, ни ближайшему прошедшему времени у русских глаголов нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Предложение &quot;Я отправил письмо&quot; может соответствовать как &quot;I have sent the letter&quot;, так и &quot;I had sent the letter&quot;, а иногда даже и &quot;I sent the letter&quot;, потому что форма &quot;отправил&quot; говорит об однократном завершении действия, но не о порядке следования событий во времени. Если же нужно подчеркнуть этот самый порядок, то приходится использовать дополнительные слова: до того, ранее, перед тем и т.д. и т.п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Аналоги Past/Present Perfect можно отыскать разве что в церковнославянском: ты любилъ еси = you have loved, ты любилъ бяше = you had loved и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-11T19:09:35.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9163" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9159" CreationDate="2015-07-11T21:11:45.177" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Глаголы совершенного вида не имеют настоящего времени.&#xA;Другими словами, когда мы хотим использовать настоящее время, мы всегда используем ближайший по значению глагол несовершенного вида&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;я отправил - я отправляю - я отправлю.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4929" LastEditorUserId="4929" LastEditDate="2015-07-11T21:44:32.000" LastActivityDate="2015-07-11T21:44:32.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9151" CreationDate="2015-07-11T21:20:17.063" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the adverbial form implies some kind of ability. It makes little sense to be used with &lt;em&gt;слушать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4929" LastEditorUserId="4929" LastEditDate="2015-07-11T21:31:37.140" LastActivityDate="2015-07-11T21:31:37.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9128" CreationDate="2015-07-11T21:27:18.523" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;В данном случае частица &lt;em&gt;ни&lt;/em&gt; меняет падеж (и тип предложения с обычного на безличное). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Что-то такое случилось.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ничего такого не случилось.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Т.е. ваш вариант (именительный падеж) используется, когда нет отрицания. Ещё пример:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Есть деньги. Нет денег.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4929" LastEditorUserId="4929" LastEditDate="2015-07-13T01:21:07.127" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T01:21:07.127" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9166" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-12T07:10:28.013" Score="3" ViewCount="103" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word даваться is translated in my flash card app as &quot;to let oneself&quot;.&#xA;I was wondering if someone could provide some examples of how to use this word. Are there any stable phrases using даваться, such as &quot;let yourself go&quot; in English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5692" LastActivityDate="2015-07-12T12:49:52.393" Title="Are there any common phrases that use даваться?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9166" CreationDate="2015-07-12T07:54:22.717" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe your flash card app means something like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она в глаза глядит из-под воды, не даётся. // &lt;em&gt;[А. Н. Толстой. На рыбной ловле (1923)]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;She (mermaid) looked him in the eye from underwater, but would not let herself be caught.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not the main meaning, though. More common meanings would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A reflexive form of &lt;em&gt;давать&lt;/em&gt;, used in passive voice: &lt;em&gt;Школьникам даётся задание&lt;/em&gt; // A task is assigned to the students&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;To come naturally, easily&quot;. &lt;em&gt;Математика мне не даётся&lt;/em&gt; // Math does not come naturally to me&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-07-12T07:54:22.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9168" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9169" CreationDate="2015-07-12T08:04:45.127" Score="3" ViewCount="94" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is one passive voice and the other reflexive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5692" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-07-12T08:07:42.370" LastActivityDate="2015-07-12T08:35:38.823" Title="What's the difference between говориться and они говорят to indicate something that people often say?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9168" CreationDate="2015-07-12T08:25:32.430" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To convey the meaning of English &quot;they say&quot;, two constructs are used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как говорится: с глаз долой ― из сердца вон!&lt;/em&gt; // &quot;Out of sight, out of mind, as the saying goes&quot;!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This (passive voice and reflexive) construct is used when citing an old proverb or saying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Говорят, если каждый день съедать по яблоку, будешь потом когда-нибудь очень здоров. [Юрий Коваль. Сиротская зима (1980-1993)]&lt;/em&gt; // &quot;They say if you have an apple a day, you'll be very healthy, one day, someday&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This (indicative and impersonal) construct is used to convey hearsay evidentiality, that you are telling something you learned from the others rather than seeing or deducting yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-07-12T08:25:32.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9168" CreationDate="2015-07-12T08:29:05.927" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, not &quot;Говориться&quot; but &quot;Как говорится&quot; (without soft sign) that is it's not an infinitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, &quot;Они говорят&quot; is a &lt;strong&gt;personal&lt;/strong&gt; form in Russian. To indicate that &quot;people often say smth.&quot; we say simply &quot;Говорят...&quot; (BTW. some indefinite pronouns can be used to achieve a desired level of impersonation as well, i.e. &quot;Некоторые говорят&quot; = Some people say, &quot;Люди говорят&quot; = People say etc. But &quot;Они говорят&quot; is always(!) personal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So correct forms are &quot;Как говорится&quot; = It is said that... and &quot;Говорят&quot; - they say...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-07-12T08:35:38.823" LastActivityDate="2015-07-12T08:35:38.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9166" CreationDate="2015-07-12T12:49:52.393" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is another phrase &quot;Это дается с трудом&quot; &quot;Не даваться легко&quot; - &quot;It is achieved by hard work&quot; &quot;it's not easy to achieve &quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4442" LastActivityDate="2015-07-12T12:49:52.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9154" CreationDate="2015-07-12T13:33:37.363" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Одиннадцатого Июля 2015 года я поехал в Москву.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сегодня одиннадцатое июля 2015 года и я поехал в Москву.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5729" LastActivityDate="2015-07-12T13:33:37.363" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9157" CreationDate="2015-07-12T15:22:22.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я эту шутку слышал, причем несколько раз. Я не скажу, что она сильно ходовая, но вполне известная.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To understand it better insert this &quot;чтобы корова меньше ела и давала больше молока&quot; into google search and read how this joke is used in different contexts. That will allow you to feel it better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2015-07-12T15:22:22.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9154" CreationDate="2015-07-12T19:39:15.967" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Склонение порядковых и количественных числительных по падежам&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://numeralonline.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://numeralonline.ru/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;              11    апреля  1945   года &#xA;              │              │&#xA;         ┌────┴───────┐  ┌───┴────────────────────────┐&#xA;          одиннадцатое   тысяча девятьсот сорок пятого  &#xA;         └─────┬──────┘  └─────────┬──────────┘└──┬───┘ &#xA;             Имен.п.             Имен.п.         Род.п. &#xA;             средн.р. &#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-07-12T19:39:15.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9157" CreationDate="2015-07-12T21:55:50.957" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a quite famous joke. Usually it is used as a sarcastic and/or ironic comment of someone's management style. It is obvious, that if you feed your cow less, you can't get more milk. But if someone doesn't understand, how things work, he can try to &quot;feed cow less&quot; and &quot;milk it more&quot; at the same time.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For example, your boss gathered you and all your colleagues and said, that from now all of you will work harder and get less salary. After that you can comment his words with this joke.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Your example is completely incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2015-07-12T21:55:50.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9176" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-12T22:26:29.610" Score="2" ViewCount="238" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am confused; don't both of these words mean &quot;more&quot;? What is the literal meaning and context of each? Sample sentences would be helpful! спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5733" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T12:20:21.213" Title="What is the difference between Больше and ещё" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-07-13T19:22:11.573" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9176" CreationDate="2015-07-13T01:08:55.350" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say &lt;em&gt;ещё&lt;/em&gt; implies a continuing process, like putting food on a dish or enumerating objects, in positive sentences, while &lt;em&gt;больше&lt;/em&gt; is used in negative sentences and when discussing sizes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ещё мне добавь - Give me more (money, food)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Больше не надо - Don't need more (goes with anything)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А ещё больше есть? - Do you have an even bigger one (shirt, car)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4929" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T01:08:55.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9178" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9179" CreationDate="2015-07-13T07:11:25.967" Score="3" ViewCount="2448" Body="&lt;p&gt;У меня в голове хаос, и я уже не знаю, что и как.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Меня в школе учили, что в составном сказуемом всегда используется краткая форма прилагательного, и я всегда использовал краткую форму. В другом месте я прочитал, что краткая форма означает временное свойство чего-то, но это так и осталось для меня неясным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А недавно мне &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/9126/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE/9127#9127&quot;&gt;здесь&lt;/a&gt; ответили, что могут быть ещё и другие отличия, не совпадающие с тем, о чём я выше писал. Примеры я понимаю, а общий принцип - нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теперь для меня всё это кажется совсем непонятным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что по существу? Когда я должен использовать краткую форму, а когда полную?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примеры.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Краткая форма:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Крыса была примечательна. Она была для меня хороша. Решение было очень просто.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Полная:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Крыса была примечательная/примечательной. Она была для меня хорошая/хорошей. Решение было очень простое/простым.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T14:23:26.493" Title="Краткая и полная форма прилагательного в сказуемом" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9178" CreationDate="2015-07-13T08:08:46.010" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если нет разницы, то в качестве именной части сказуемого следует использовать краткую форму прилагательного (кстати, её иногда называют также предикативной).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но дело в том, что зачастую краткие и полные формы прилагательных существенно отличаются друг от друга. Самый очевидный пример - это временные и постоянные признаки. Например, &quot;Он был зол&quot; - he was angry; &quot;Он был злым&quot; - he was evil.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Немного подробнее можно почитать, например, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.goldrussian.ru/polnye-i-kratkie-prilagatelnye.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;здесь&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается приведённых примеров, то тут допустимы обе формы. Происходит это очевидно потому, что они несколько отличаются по смыслу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Она хороша&quot; = She's great (either she's pretty or she's a professional); &quot;Она хорошая&quot; = She's a good person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Решение было просто&quot; для русского уха это звучит практически как &quot;Принять решение/решить было просто&quot; (Easy to decide/solve), т.е. наречие, а не прилагательное. Вероятно поэтому можно встретить обе формы: &quot;решение было просто&quot; и &quot;решение было простым&quot; (The decision/solution was simple).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD. Даже если между краткой и полной формой нет смысловой разницы, то, по крайней мере, стилистическое различие присутствует обязательно: краткая форма звучит резче, чётче, определённее; а полное прилагательное как будто бы намекает на присутствие ещё одного (определяемого) существительного, что даёт какую-то недосказанность, привлекает внимание слушателя. Не удивительно, что в курсах русского языка для иностранцев эту особенность могут опускать, но в художественной литературе такой приём встречается весьма часто.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теперь к примерам. &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я был верен этой книге&lt;/em&gt;&quot; и &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я был верным этой книге&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. В принципе, допустимо и одно, и другое, но &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я был верен&lt;/em&gt;&quot; звучит намного лучше: более чётко, более однозначно, с акцентом на действие - &quot;Я верил этой книге&quot;, &quot;Я следовал этой книге&quot; и т.п. &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я был верным этой книге&lt;/em&gt;&quot; звучит как-то более &quot;размазанно&quot;, вяло - ближе к &quot;Я был верным последователем этой книги&quot;, &quot;Я был по натуре верным человеком и следовал этой книге&quot; и пр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;И я успел обнаружить, что станция эта огромная&lt;/em&gt;.&quot; Если заглянуть в оригинал, то окажется, что, на самом деле, предложение на этом не заканчивается: &quot;&lt;em&gt;И я успел обнаружить, что станция эта огромная, с рационально использованными тупиками и помещениями, с аккуратными надписями и названиями, написанными под трафарет тем самым шрифтом, который бывает только у военных&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. То есть здесь идёт подряд несколько определений к слову &quot;станция&quot;, разделённых запятыми. В этом случае разумнее использовать полное прилагательное. Но обратите внимание, что при другой &lt;em&gt;пунктуации&lt;/em&gt; уместнее была бы краткая форма: &quot;И я успел обнаружить, что станция эта огромна: с аккуратными надписями и названиями...&quot; При чтении первый вариант должен звучать плавно (одна большая мысль - &quot;станция и огромная, и с надписями и т.д.&quot;), а второй - с заметной паузой в середине предложения (две мысли - &quot;станция была огромна&quot; и &quot;как именно огромна была станция&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Разгадка была проста - станцией управляли не просто военные, а военные медики&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Здесь сразу после прилагательного мы видим знак &quot;тире&quot;, который недвусмысленно отделяет утверждение (&quot;Разгадка была проста&quot;) от последующего пояснения (&quot;Станцией управляли не просто военные...&quot;). Здесь лучшим выбором будет краткая форма &quot;проста&quot;, которая удачнее разделяет мысли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В общем-то тут нет какого-то чёткого правила, но сама тенденция, я надеюсь, понятна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T14:23:26.493" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T14:23:26.493" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9176" CreationDate="2015-07-13T12:20:21.213" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you provide context of usage of word &quot;more&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Больше can has meaning &quot;Bigger&quot;, but &quot;Ещё&quot; can`t&#xA;Ex:&#xA;Красная чашка больше зеленой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose it`s better to use &quot;ещё&quot; as translation for word &quot;more&quot;, but it can be context-dependent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5736" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T12:20:21.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7387" CreationDate="2015-07-13T12:26:30.477" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Девушка хоть куда&quot; means she can do many types of work. She is good not only in one sphere, but is capable of doing many things good, such as cooking, weaving, sewing, dancing, singing, foreign languages etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is often used to mean she is good to marry her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T12:26:30.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1353" CreationDate="2015-07-13T12:35:10.330" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Samovojska is croatian surname.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5736" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T12:35:10.330" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9183" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9215" CreationDate="2015-07-13T16:44:29.017" Score="7" ViewCount="1359" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне когда-то кое-кто сказал, что писать &quot;Вы&quot; с большой буквы - подобострастно. Но я видел несколько раз, что пользователи этого сайта пишут это слово именно с большой буквы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как на самом деле? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;/edit: В вопросе речь о местоимении &quot;вы&quot; в функции 2. лица единственного числа, например, когда обращаемся к одному человеку. Это и так ясно, что, обращаясь к группе людей, необходимо использовать &quot;вы&quot; с малой буквы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример: корреспонденция майлом/личными сообщениями с пользователем форума, которого я не знаю в реальной жизни. Должен ли я писать &quot;Вы&quot;, &quot;вы&quot; или просто &quot;ты&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-07-14T17:22:20.123" LastActivityDate="2018-10-26T05:30:23.507" Title="Писать местоимение &quot;вы&quot; с малой или большой буквы?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9184" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9195" CreationDate="2015-07-13T17:56:48.233" Score="5" ViewCount="345" Body="&lt;p&gt;It sounds like стихотворение has something to do with творческий, so I'd guess it's more like epic poetry, but I was taught поэм/поэзия is used for epic poems. Is стихи just short for стихотворение?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5692" LastActivityDate="2015-07-14T12:38:57.717" Title="What's the difference between стихи and стихотворение?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9185" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9183" CreationDate="2015-07-13T18:07:14.297" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;С большой буквы пишут, если уважают собеседника (например, старше по возрасту или незнакомый человек). С маленькой буквы пишут, если это группа людей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5739" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T18:07:14.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9184" CreationDate="2015-07-13T18:10:10.533" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sure, &lt;strong&gt;стихи&lt;/strong&gt; is just short &lt;strong&gt;стихотворения&lt;/strong&gt; (about 4 strings).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5739" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T18:10:10.533" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9187" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9190" CreationDate="2015-07-13T18:24:11.507" Score="5" ViewCount="582" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have decided to begin to learn Russian and came across a sentence that translates as *I'm going home *. However the literal translation in Russian is &lt;em&gt;I'm going homeward&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This raises the question would &lt;em&gt;Я пойду дом&lt;/em&gt; be grammatically incorrect as opposed to the sentence written in the question? If the sentence is grammatically incorrect why ? Does the verb &lt;em&gt;to go&lt;/em&gt; modify the noun in some way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5732" LastActivityDate="2015-07-18T20:34:09.867" Title="Why is домой used as opposed to дом in the scentance &quot;Я пойду домой&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9187" CreationDate="2015-07-13T18:34:57.013" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я пойду дом&lt;/em&gt; is ungrammatical in exactly the same way &quot;I will go house&quot; is ungrammatical in English. The verb пойти is intransitive and cannot take a direct object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Part of the confusion is that &quot;home&quot; is both a noun and adverb in English. As a noun, it means &quot;place of residence&quot; (equivalent to &quot;дом&quot; in Russian), while as an adverb, it means &quot;towards a place of residence&quot; (equivalent to &quot;домой&quot;). In the sentence &quot;I am going home&quot;, it is serving as an adverb, so you need to use the adverb домой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5740" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T18:34:57.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9184" CreationDate="2015-07-13T18:53:41.393" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Стих = stanza&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Стихи = verse&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Стихотворение = short poem&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэма = long poem&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet the word &quot;стих&quot; can also be used as shortened form of &quot;стихотворение&quot; i.e. short poem. However it's a bad habit to mention plural &quot;стихи&quot; when you mean just a single poem (alas, it's a common mistake as almost every poem consists of several stanzas).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T18:53:41.393" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9192" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-13T18:58:27.380" Score="3" ViewCount="219" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that nouns that end in certain letters become by default male, but if a noun does not end in any of these letters (e.g., Бостон) what gender does it take by default?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5732" LastEditorUserId="957" LastEditDate="2015-07-14T19:23:24.207" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T03:31:49.900" Title="What gender do place names take if they do not end in letters that mean that a gender is assigned to a noun by default?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9183" CreationDate="2015-07-13T18:59:27.720" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal, 28:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С прописной буквы пишутся местоимения &lt;em&gt;Вы&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;Ваш&lt;/em&gt; для выражения вежливого обращения к одному лицу, например: &lt;em&gt;Прошу Вас, уважаемый Сергей Петрович…&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При обращении к нескольким лицам эти местоимения пишутся со строчной буквы, например: &lt;em&gt;Прошу вас, уважаемые Сергей Петрович и Павел Иванович…&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this rule is only applied to &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt; used towards the addressee in a personal letter, not in any writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that in a direct speech lowercase &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt; is used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Г. Зеленко: ― К какой глубине вы относите сино-тибетские языки? // &lt;em&gt;Сергей Старостин, Григорий Зеленко. У человечества был один праязык // «Знание -- сила», 2003&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, many people, myself included, choose to perceive Internet forum communication as a transcript of live conversation rather than a series or letters. Thus, those people (and I) use uppercase &lt;em&gt;Вы&lt;/em&gt; in emails but lowercase on forums and instant messengers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-07-13T21:49:39.127" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T21:49:39.127" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9187" CreationDate="2015-07-13T19:46:48.277" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just as English speakers say &quot;I'm going home&quot;, but I'm going to the store, to work, to church, to school, etc. (English speakers don't use &quot;to with home&quot; - домой is an exception like this. Just remember that it is special. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5692" LastActivityDate="2015-07-13T19:46:48.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9184" CreationDate="2015-07-13T22:38:16.987" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Стихи&lt;/em&gt; (in its main meaning) is a mass noun (&amp;quot;poetry&amp;quot;), &lt;em&gt;стихотворения&lt;/em&gt; is a count noun (&amp;quot;poems&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да, стихи… Ему — тридцать два года!  В самом деле, что же дальше? — И дальше он будет сочинять по нескольку стихотворений в год. — До старости? // &lt;em&gt;М. А. Булгаков. Мастер и Маргарита&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, his poetry… He was thirty-two! And what were his prospects?&#xA;To go on writing a few poems every year. How long — until he was an old man? // &lt;em&gt;Mikhail Bulgakov, The Master and Margarita&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &lt;em&gt;стихотворения&lt;/em&gt; can be used to translate &amp;quot;poetry&amp;quot; as well, just like English &amp;quot;poems&amp;quot; can mean &amp;quot;poetry&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;стих&lt;/em&gt; also has several secondary meanings, most of them corresponding to English &amp;quot;verse&amp;quot; (as in the Bible, or a part of a poem). In those meanings, &lt;em&gt;стихи&lt;/em&gt; simply mean &amp;quot;verses&amp;quot;. &lt;em&gt;Стих&lt;/em&gt; can also mean &amp;quot;mood&amp;quot;, like in &lt;em&gt;на него нашёл грустный стих&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;he's feeling blue&amp;quot;. &lt;em&gt;Стихотворения&lt;/em&gt; can be used in neither of those meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, &lt;em&gt;стих&lt;/em&gt; is a colloquial synonym for &lt;em&gt;стихотворение&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Прочли ему за услуги два или три стиха. // &lt;em&gt;Василий Аксенов. Таинственная страсть (2007)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, but it's not recommended to use it as a countable noun except in colloquial speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-07-14T12:38:57.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9183" CreationDate="2015-07-14T13:54:07.973" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe you should use Вы when you speak to one person, and вы when you speak to group of people. &quot;Люди, что вы делаете?&quot; but &quot;Иван Петрович, Вы забыли Вашу шляпу&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5392" LastActivityDate="2015-07-14T13:54:07.973" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9199" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-14T21:18:46.153" Score="2" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if &lt;code&gt;вы пройдете мимо&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;you pass by&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;you will pass&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone give me a certain answer please? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5415" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-15T07:41:13.020" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T21:44:51.050" Title="&quot;Вы пройдете мимо&quot; is &quot;you pass by&quot; or &quot;you will pass&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9183" CreationDate="2015-07-14T23:04:18.160" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;При обращении к одному человеку &quot;Вы&quot; с заглавной буквы пишется в трёх случаях:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в начале предложения&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в официальных письмах&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в знак особого уважения&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В остальных случаях пишите &quot;вы&quot; со строчной буквы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Тыкать&quot; (обращаться на ты) в форуме можно только если человек на это согласился. Например, в профайле может стоять &quot;предпочитаю обращение на ты&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну или если он называет вас на &quot;ты&quot;, вы можете или предложить обращаться на &quot;вы&quot;, или тоже начать ему тыкать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-07-14T23:04:18.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9192" CreationDate="2015-07-15T02:11:02.927" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Try be thinking in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We don't place a (&lt;em&gt;grammatical&lt;/em&gt;) gender in a person or a thing. The question that would be surprising to people, is what are supposed to be masculineness or feminineness associated with seasons &lt;code&gt;зима, осень&lt;/code&gt;? Nothing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She lived as a woman but presented us by her title as being a man&lt;b&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  ... она дала такой ответ: «Я вас оставлю директором, &#xA;  а сама буду генеральным».       &#xA;                             [М.Андреев. Золотая рыбка областного образования,&#xA;                              «Воронежские вести», 2003]&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She told about herself (or men told about she) expressed it by masculine forms of words and this is norm&lt;b&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  Будучи его учителем, тетка была и товарищем его игр. &#xA;                             [М.Горький. Фома Гордеев (1899)]&#xA;&#xA;  ... свободное обращение детей с учителем, &#xA;  которым в тот день была Прозорова. &#xA;                             [И.В.Омулевский. Шаг за шагом (1870)]&#xA;&#xA;  Нина Ивановна, наш директор, была генералом. &#xA;                             [И на Мальте будут русские расти (2002),&#xA;                              «Домовой», 2002.03.04]&#xA;&#xA;  ... наш Директор всегда была на посту. &#xA;                             [Евгения Пищикова. Пятиэтажная Россия (2007),&#xA;                              «Русская Жизнь», 2008]&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have a couple of words&lt;b&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  метро    метрополитен&#xA;  фото     фотография     фотка&#xA;  ...&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;that denoting the same thing, but this words has different &lt;em&gt;grammatical&lt;/em&gt; gender. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For us it is like a colour,&lt;/strong&gt; that highlighting words in our text or speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We are denoting a gender of nouns, not things. We hear it like a musical rhythm that goes: &lt;em&gt;bit-bum-boom-boom-bit-boom-bum-bum...&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we have it allready, we using it. &lt;code&gt;Директор была строгая.&lt;/code&gt; We mean &lt;em&gt;she&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say &lt;code&gt;&quot;Можга красивое,&quot;&lt;/code&gt; if you means it is &lt;code&gt;село&lt;/code&gt;, knowing that, I quote: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mozhga-gov.ru/city/history.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Село Можга было возведено в ранг города.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Бостон&lt;/em&gt; may to be understood as the name of a circus troupe, ballet company, and so on. So we can say &lt;code&gt;Бостон выступала.&lt;/code&gt; We mean &lt;em&gt;she&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Supposing a scene to be &quot;house,&quot; and an author(speaker) had described it previously. The speaker might wish to point out some particular thing. He(or she?) would then have to say &quot;a red apple,&quot; or &quot;a red tomato&quot;, or &quot;a red ball-pen&quot;.  One might wish to allude to the quantity, &lt;em&gt;one tomato,&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;two pen.&lt;/em&gt; Or to describe the kind of thing, as &quot;a litlle tomato.&quot;; or to the serial order, as &quot;the first thing,' or &quot;the second thing.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without ambiguity he can say &lt;em&gt;give me a red litlle-thing.&lt;/em&gt; In Russian, every name of things has gender. &lt;em&gt;Apple&lt;/em&gt; is neuter, &lt;em&gt;tomato&lt;/em&gt; is masculine, &lt;em&gt;ball-pen&lt;/em&gt; is feminine. So, we additionally can say: &lt;em&gt;give me the red-masculine.&lt;/em&gt; Without any ambiguity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Occurring in many inflected languages, in Russian too, Adjective, Noun, Verb, Pronoun has its own characteristic such as &lt;em&gt;time, gender, case, persons&lt;/em&gt; and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Imagine how we seeing and hearing highlighted text or speech.&lt;/strong&gt; Yes, the writer/speaker has to do much more work than reader/listener. Because Russian belongs to group &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_language&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;synthetic languages&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What the default gender of a particular (even if it's a man-made word     &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Воркалось, хливкие шорьки&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Пырялись по мове&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И хрюкотали зелюки,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Как мюмзики в мове.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;) word, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is answered in every Russian textbooks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-07-15T03:31:49.900" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T03:31:49.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1961" CreationDate="2015-07-15T13:13:59.010" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как ни забавно, в русский язык уже вошло слово &quot;гик&quot; по кальке с английского. И молодежь очень часто пользуется именно им.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T13:13:59.010" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9203" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9211" CreationDate="2015-07-15T14:41:03.883" Score="4" ViewCount="852" Body="&lt;p&gt;14-го июля спустя более чем пятьдесят лет был опубликован &lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0062409859&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;второй роман&lt;/a&gt; Харпер Ли, являющийся продолжением книги &quot;Убить пересмешника&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Повсеместно название переводят как &quot;Пойди, поставь сторожа&quot;, что, на мой взгляд, слишком буквально. &#xA;Есть ли какое-нибудь выражение или название, которое бы более красиво передавало заглавие книги?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3777" LastEditorUserId="3777" LastEditDate="2015-07-16T12:40:48.783" LastActivityDate="2015-07-16T12:40:48.783" Title="&quot;Go set a watchman&quot; (&quot;Пойди, поставь сторожа&quot;) by Harper Lee" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9199" CreationDate="2015-07-15T16:11:17.173" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You will pass by&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Совершенный вид, будущее время&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4929" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T16:11:17.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9203" CreationDate="2015-07-15T16:12:01.120" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это фраза из Библии, Исаия 21:6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://allbible.info/bible/sinodal/isa/21/&quot;&gt;Синодальный перевод&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ибо так сказал мне Господь: пойди, поставь сторожа; пусть он сказывает, что увидит.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bible-center.ru/ru/bibletext/slavonic_ru/isa/21:6&quot;&gt;церковнославянском&lt;/a&gt; варианте — &lt;em&gt;«шед постави себе стража»&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T16:12:01.120" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9206" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9207" CreationDate="2015-07-15T17:38:42.687" Score="1" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Когда русскому человеку особенно плохо живется, он обвиняет в этом&#xA;  жену, соседа, погоду, Бога - всех, кроме самого себя.»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Этом - prepositional,&#xA;Жену - accusative.&#xA;Why don't they match?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Этом - masculine,&#xA;Жена - feminine.&#xA;Why not Этой?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Большое спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5584" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T18:07:42.783" Title="Он обвиняет в этом жену?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9206" CreationDate="2015-07-15T17:54:30.397" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The relevant part of the phrase translates as &quot;he accuses his wife of this&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Обвинять&lt;/em&gt; is a polyvalent verb which accepts up to two objects (one direct and one prepositional): &lt;em&gt;обвинять кого? (acc.) в чём? (prep.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare English verb &quot;to accuse someone of something&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So those are two different objects and they don't have to agree with each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-07-15T18:02:13.600" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T18:02:13.600" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9206" CreationDate="2015-07-15T18:07:42.783" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;В этом =&gt; в том, что ему плохо живется. It has nothing to do with the word &quot;жена&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T18:07:42.783" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9199" CreationDate="2015-07-15T20:55:13.683" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In verbs of motion, prefixed forms of -&lt;strong&gt;идти&lt;/strong&gt; are perfective and prefixed forms of -&lt;strong&gt;ходить&lt;/strong&gt; are imperfective. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore &lt;strong&gt;пройдёте&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;you will pass by&quot; whereas &lt;strong&gt;прохо́дите&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;you (generally) pass by,&quot; or &quot;are passing by.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-07-15T21:44:51.050" LastActivityDate="2015-07-15T21:44:51.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9203" CreationDate="2015-07-16T00:48:05.920" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я вам могу подать идею, как можно сгенерировать другие варианты перевода.&#xA;Идете сюда - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.biblegateway.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.biblegateway.com/&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Набираете там Isaiah 21:6-12. Вы получите все основные варианты перевода Библии на английский язык. Один из которых Go set a watchman. Но там есть и другие варианты - post a lookout, set a looker и прочие. После чего вы можете создать собственные другие переводы этой фразы с имеющихся переводов на английский.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еще один вариант &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;s=watchman&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;s=watchman&lt;/a&gt; Смотрите тут варианты перевода слова watchman и делаете другой перевод.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Недостаток всех этих методов - при переводе, который будет отличаться от синодального, потеряется аллюзия на известный стих Библии. А церковнославянский перевод архаичен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2015-07-16T00:48:05.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9125" CreationDate="2015-07-16T16:32:28.880" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This also means &lt;code&gt;let's see which side will win&lt;/code&gt; where &lt;code&gt;чья&lt;/code&gt; - means &lt;code&gt;чья сторона&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;There is also a phrase &lt;code&gt;наша (сторона) взяла&lt;/code&gt; that we use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5753" LastActivityDate="2015-07-16T16:32:28.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9183" CreationDate="2015-07-17T00:09:01.017" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll write in Russian, ОК?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Общеизвестно, что Вы (с заглавной) пишется при вежливом обращении к одному лицу. Но есть одна тонкость, про которую обычно забывают. &#xA;Её по-разному формулируют - и это приводит к разночтениям. Я своими словами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В основном правиле речь идет только о &lt;strong&gt;личном&lt;/strong&gt; обращении к &lt;strong&gt;конкретному&lt;/strong&gt; лицу.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Поэтому со строчной (маленькой) буквы вы пишется:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1. при передаче &lt;strong&gt;устной речи&lt;/strong&gt; (в т.ч. в художественных текстах), а также в интернете, если стиль общения соответствуют устному (почти всегда на форумах, в скайпе и т. л., и часто во всякого рода социальных сетях),&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2. при неконкретном обращении, предполагающем массового читателя, - типа памяток в гостинице или рекламы,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;3. в рассылках.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Отдельным пунктом раньше стояли анкеты, сейчас, вроде, пришли к выводу, что там следует использовать заглавную.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К сожалению, эти правила нигде в одном месте явно не сформулированы, вынужден лично ликвидировать этот недочет. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При написании e-мэйла одному человеку, коли уж Вы используете &quot;вы&quot;, писать стоит с заглавной. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5448" LastEditorUserId="5448" LastEditDate="2018-10-26T05:30:23.507" LastActivityDate="2018-10-26T05:30:23.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="9216" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9220" CreationDate="2015-07-17T00:25:12.853" Score="1" ViewCount="339" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see this phrase below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нет это нельзя&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And it is used in this context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Может Лучика побреем ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нет это нельзя. Хватает того что я согласился&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My translation of it is either &quot;There is no impossible&quot; or &quot;No it cannot be&quot;. The first one makes more sense than the second one. What is the exact translation of this to English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5757" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T10:38:46.807" Title="Нет это нельзя - what does it really mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9128" CreationDate="2015-07-17T00:31:39.553" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ваш вариант необычен, но не является неверным. &#xA;Он передает более категоричное отрицание и конкретное.&#xA;Сравните с одушевленным вариантом. Никто не заходил - никого не заходило.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Грамматику не буду сейчас разбирать. Скорее всего это действительно винительный падеж. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5448" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T00:31:39.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9216" CreationDate="2015-07-17T01:09:45.397" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, your are right. The correct translation 'not impossible', 'not allowed', 'you/we can't do it' - depends on context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Cannot be' is also occasionally possible, but only if about something physically impossible. - &quot;Он выпил 10 бутылок вина&quot; (He drank 10 bottles of wine at a time) - &quot;Это невозможно!&quot;/&quot;Этого не может быть!&quot; (it can't be!). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in your quote 'There is no impossible'/'not allowed' etc. is only exact translation, not 'cannot be'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5448" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T01:09:45.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9219" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9223" CreationDate="2015-07-17T01:25:36.597" Score="5" ViewCount="189" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know of any nouns like путь that are declined in a mixed masc./fem. way? What I mean is путь follows a typical feminine pattern for the dat./gen./prep. cases (пути), but its instrumental case follows the masculine one (путём).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5295" LastActivityDate="2015-07-21T14:39:50.637" Title="Nouns with mixed masc./fem. declensions" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9216" CreationDate="2015-07-17T01:42:26.900" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &amp;quot;you cannot do this&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;we cannot do this&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нельзя&lt;/em&gt; is a modal predicative meaning &amp;quot;not allowed&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;not possible&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;not supposed to&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сюда нельзя&lt;/em&gt; // One cannot go in here&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нельзя двигаться быстрее света&lt;/em&gt; // It's impossible to move faster than light&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мне нельзя поднимать тяжелое&lt;/em&gt; // I'm not supposed to lift heavy things&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Its exact shade of modality is vague and you cannot tell it definitely out of context (and often even within the context). That's why this word (along with its equally vague antonym &lt;em&gt;можно&lt;/em&gt;) is frowned upon in the military: one would be scolded for using these words instead of more definite &lt;em&gt;разрешается&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;возможно&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;допускается&lt;/em&gt; etc. when talking to a senior.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T10:38:46.807" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9221" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9224" CreationDate="2015-07-17T03:46:52.760" Score="2" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;In official letters, registration documents and common usage one can often see unbalanced quotation marks, e.g. &lt;code&gt;«Операция «Багратион»&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ОАО «Корпорация «Комета»&lt;/code&gt; - two opening quotes followed by only one closing quote.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to automate correct placement of quotation marks. For instance, given a sentence &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; Газета &quot;Правда&quot; сообщила, что Иванов, &#xA; возглавлявший ОАО &quot;Корпорация &quot;Ромашка&quot;, &#xA; уходит в отставку.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;that has five quotation marks&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kU1Yn.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the quotation marks 1,3, and 4 are opening and the marks 2, and 5, are closing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general terms, I would like to understand if unbalanced quotation marks make correct usage? Is this specific to the Russian language?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the implementation details, it seems that the choice of opening and closing quotation marks in the Russian language follows a simple rule: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If a quotation mark follows a space or a punctuation mark, then it must be a closing quote, otherwise it is an opening quote.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this rule correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="912" LastEditorUserId="912" LastEditDate="2015-07-19T05:26:10.473" LastActivityDate="2015-07-19T05:26:10.473" Title="Unbalanced quotation marks" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;&lt;цитата&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9216" CreationDate="2015-07-17T06:24:07.863" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means exactly&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;   &#xA;  No. That is not possible  [...]&#xA;                              |&#xA;       [to do smth; or being/doing; or to be smbd/smhw]   &#xA;&lt;/pre&gt; &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The translation &lt;em&gt;&quot;There is no impossible&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is a google style, that is, incorrect.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Proof:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;impossible = not possible&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;therefor:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;There is no impossible = There is no not possible     *(!)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;and being translated back into Russian:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Нет, это не невозможно.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;-- that is wrong, because it means &lt;code&gt;Это возможно.&lt;/code&gt;= &lt;code&gt;It's possible.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Нет, это нельзя.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is short for &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Нет, это нельзя + Verb&lt;/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;or Pred&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;strong&gt;.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We are avoiding that short form in formal texts. The &lt;strong&gt;Verb&lt;/strong&gt; is picking up from context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  There's no denying it(that).         Это(го) нельзя отрицать.&#xA;  I ought not to have said about it.   Мне нельзя говорить об этом.&#xA;  It can't be denied.                  Это(го) нельзя отрицать.&#xA;&#xA;  There is no saying what ...          нельзя сказать, что ...&#xA;  There is no denying that ...         нельзя отрицать, что ...&#xA;&#xA;  I can't leave things as they are.    Мне нельзя это так оставить.&#xA;  It was impossible to say.            Нельзя это(го) было сказать.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt; &#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T06:24:07.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9219" CreationDate="2015-07-17T06:29:50.647" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's a well-known school question. These nouns are called &quot;разносклоняемые&quot;. There are eleven neuter gender nouns ending in &quot;-мя&quot; and one masculine &quot;путь&quot; which you mentioned above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The full list is бремя, время, вымя, знамя, имя, пламя, племя, семя, стремя, темя, голомя and, of course, путь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW. That's not a &quot;mixed masc./fem. way&quot; as declining Russian nouns depends upon their type (I, II, III) not (generally) upon their gender. Here they behave like both II and III types.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-07-17T06:35:50.870" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T06:35:50.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9221" CreationDate="2015-07-17T07:48:02.253" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two types of quotes in Russian: «French-style» - considered to be the main punctuation tool and „German-style“ - an additional one. Note that usual &quot;English-style&quot; is not officially allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you use both &quot;French&quot; and &quot;German&quot; quotation marks they must be both balanced and nested as «xxx „yyy «zzz „ttt“»“» etc. But if you use only &quot;French&quot; quotes then several closing quotes must be absorbed into one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering commas and dots, there's no &quot;simple&quot; rule. If, say, dots or exclamation mark are a natural part of quoted text then they go inside quotes; otherwise outside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-07-18T12:09:44.160" LastActivityDate="2015-07-18T12:09:44.160" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9225" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9227" CreationDate="2015-07-17T09:42:13.097" Score="2" ViewCount="5700" Body="&lt;p&gt;Фраза &quot;Повезло выучить второй язык, не прикладывая усилий&quot; режет мне слух. Я бы написал &quot;Повезло выучить второй язык, не прилагая усилий&quot;. Я прав? Это стилистика? Или действительно ошибка? Спасибо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1557" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-17T10:29:47.190" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T10:29:47.190" Title="Прикладывать или прилагать?" Tags="&lt;вид&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;&lt;стиль&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9225" CreationDate="2015-07-17T10:14:12.723" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ну стилистически сочетание &quot;прилагать усилия&quot; выглядит, конечно, лучше, так как глагол &quot;прикладывать&quot; ассоциируется с физическим действием. Однако &quot;прикладывать усилия&quot; также весьма распространённый оборот, и, если и есть какое-то правило, которое запрещает его использовать, лучше на него не ссылаться, а то прослывёшь пуристом, а то и, не дай Бог, граммар-наци ;-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T10:14:12.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9227" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9225" CreationDate="2015-07-17T10:14:20.637" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подобный вопрос был задан на &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/spravka/buro/29_474400&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;грамоте.ру&lt;/a&gt;. Ответ такой:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Правильно: &lt;strong&gt;прилагать усилия&lt;/strong&gt;. С глаголом совершенного вида приложить в значении 'направить действие чего-л. на что-л., применить' соотносится глагол несовершенного вида прилагать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T10:14:20.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8528" CreationDate="2015-07-17T12:33:41.670" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не думаю.&#xA;В принципе можно сделать любые предположения. Но зачем здесь аорист? Грамматика непонятна совершенно. &#xA;Что может значить аорист вообще? Законченное однократное действие в прошлом. В прошлом - понятно. А вот почему законченное, да еще однократное. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну или вот.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Иначе аорист можно определить как абсолютное прошедшее&#xA;  повествовательное время, специфика которого заключается в передаче&#xA;  динамичных, активных событий прошлого, не связанных с настоящим&#xA;  временем.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тоже не катит как-то...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Уточняю, вопросы не &quot;риторические&quot;. Это рассуждения. Я не вижу грамматической и/или контекстной причины употреблять такое выражение в форме аориста. &lt;em&gt;Аорист здесь не по ситуации&lt;/em&gt;. Может, конечно я и не прав. Но мне такой довод кажется достаточно весомым.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну это помимо того, что реконструкция формы, как верно пишет Quassnoi в таком виде весьма сомнительна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5448" LastEditorUserId="5448" LastEditDate="2015-07-19T19:08:04.197" LastActivityDate="2015-07-19T19:08:04.197" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9229" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9239" CreationDate="2015-07-17T13:00:54.180" Score="2" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подскажите, будет ли стилистически верным дословный перевод 'life story' в данном контексте:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They had their life story turned into a movie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;перевод: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;По их истории жизни был снят фильм.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5758" LastActivityDate="2015-07-18T11:51:54.477" Title="Перевести 'life story' в контексте" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9230" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9231" CreationDate="2015-07-17T13:48:34.813" Score="1" ViewCount="267" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Засрать' (from 'срать') is а rude Russian verb means just about 'to dirty off' (literally: to grime smth with feces). What is the correct form of its imperfect: 'засирать' or 'засерать'? And why so?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;//---------&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Как будет несовершенный вид к засрать?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5448" LastActivityDate="2015-08-01T22:12:29.813" Title="'Засирать' or 'засерать'?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9230" CreationDate="2015-07-17T14:11:16.590" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Засирать&lt;/em&gt; should be correct; compare &lt;em&gt;забрать/забирать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;задрать/задирать&lt;/em&gt;, as well as a few verbs with a differently patterned infinitive but the same present-tense stem: &lt;em&gt;запереть (запру) — запирать, замереть (замру) — замирать&lt;/em&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-07-17T14:16:33.133" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T14:16:33.133" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4314" CreationDate="2015-07-17T15:41:03.177" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Be careful, you can find this use &lt;code&gt;йа, йо, йу&lt;/code&gt; in the slang forms! &#xA;At the same time all the &quot;right&quot; forms are listed in the ansveres above: &lt;code&gt;Йод, Нью-Йорк, йогурт, йога, майор, майонез...&lt;/code&gt;, it is also may be a &quot;spelled&quot; form of &quot;yo!&quot; - &lt;code&gt;йоу!&lt;/code&gt;, all other forms are slang and they are very popular on the forums and communities: &lt;code&gt;йож, йад, йа&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5753" LastActivityDate="2015-07-17T15:41:03.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9178" CreationDate="2015-07-17T20:45:43.290" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Надёжнее использовать полную форму. Потому что краткая чаще всего звучит абсурдно:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;У нашего генподрядчика газон зелен.&#xA;Наш чизкейк всегда сочен.&#xA;Ваш коворкинг безлюден.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вместе с неологизмами из 21 века, краткие прилагательные здесь звучат как пережиток эпохи Пушкина (как из сказки &quot;Конёк-горбунок&quot;). Потому что в 19 веке в литературе было гораздо больше кратких прилагательных, т.к. она больше, чем сегодня, ориентировалась на стандарты церковнославянского.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Краткая форма прилагательного пришла из церковнославянского (древнеболгарского) и поэтому в русском используется в основном на письме и довольно узко. В устную речь они проникли мало, либо в виде устойчивых слов, либо терминов из литературного мира:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;буду краток&#xA;этот тренд устойчив&#xA;мой твиттер популярен&#xA;этот блоггер известен&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(все эти прилагательные широко использовались в окололитературной тематике или в технической литературе)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или краткая форма несёт другой смысл: хорóшая-хорошá.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Остальные прилагательные в краткой форме звучат старомодно и привносят в стиль абсурд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В русском полная форма сложилась собственно из исконной славянской старой формы и формы личного местоимения (бѣлъ + ый =&gt; белый (гласные выпали в другие гласные или исчезли вообще)). В южнославянских краткая форма как была, так и осталась (белый самолёт - &quot;бели авион&quot;, и -и на конце - это не &quot;ий&quot;, а &quot;ъ&quot;, выпавшая в &quot;и&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В общем, это по сути две части речи (хотя родственные, идущие от одного предка).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В русском языке укоренились некоторые вещи из церковнославянского (письменного), но во многих отношениях побеждает устная речь (точнее, письменная всё больше копирует грамматику из устной, которая нам роднее и устойчивее), поэтому надёжнее придерживаться устной (кроме редких случаев, где краткие формы прижились, которые я упомянул выше).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается полной формы прилагательного, есть небольшое различие в употреблении про людей:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;он был жизнерадостный/жизнерадостным&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если нет уточнений на время или длительность, то &quot;-ый&quot; значит &quot;в тот момент&quot; (как в описании: &quot;заходит он жизнерадостный такой&quot;), а &quot;-ым&quot; - что он был таким всегда, и что человека уже нет или он поменялся кардинально.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastEditorDisplayName="user1514" LastEditDate="2015-07-20T12:12:24.313" LastActivityDate="2015-07-20T12:12:24.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9234" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9187" CreationDate="2015-07-17T21:11:04.837" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;домой&lt;/em&gt; is a noun in an old form of dative case, as @Quassnoi pointed out. Dative is now changed in sound and is not used for target anymore, but this one word persists in this stable expression. Other examples similar to this (but I'm not sure it's the same historical grammar case):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;ехал то лесом, то полем&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;rode a bit in woods, a bit in fields&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the destination, домой is the only correct form for &quot;go home&quot; in general. But:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;я пойду в парк&#xA;я пойду на море&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since домой means go home in general, the word with preposition means more specific: &lt;em&gt;я пойду в дом&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;I'll go inside the house&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastEditorDisplayName="user1514" LastEditDate="2015-07-18T20:34:09.867" LastActivityDate="2015-07-18T20:34:09.867" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9235" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9236" CreationDate="2015-07-18T00:58:30.340" Score="5" ViewCount="447" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase &quot;У меня машина&quot; is interpreted as &quot;I have a car&quot;. Here is my understanding of the &quot;layers&quot; of that translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The phrase &quot;У меня машина&quot; literally means &quot;Car near me&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In Russian, we leave the verb &quot;to be&quot; implicit. Thus a possible interpretation of this sentence is &quot;&lt;em&gt;There is&lt;/em&gt; a car near me&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The concept of something being &quot;near&quot; someone, indicated by the word &quot;У&quot;, is a common idiom to indicate that the thing &lt;em&gt;belongs&lt;/em&gt; to that person. Thus &quot;There is a car near me&quot; is interpreted here as &quot;I have a car&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, is the interpretation in point 2 the only possible interpretation? Couldn't we also not take there to be an implicit verb &quot;to be&quot;, and take the phrase as just meaning &quot;my car&quot;? For instance, if A and B walk into a garage, and A sees a strange machine and asks what it is, could the following exchange occur?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A: Что это?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;B: У меня машина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or even&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;B: Это у меня машина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which we could literally translate as &quot;That (is) the car which is near me&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T01:57:32.843" Title="Can &quot;У меня машина&quot; just mean &quot;My car&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9235" CreationDate="2015-07-18T01:59:55.970" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, the literal translation is not really &quot;the car near me&quot;; a better match would be the French &lt;em&gt;la voiture chez moi&lt;/em&gt;. (Shameless plug for &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/7867/%D1%83-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C-%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD-by-him-is-a-suitcase/7868#7868&quot;&gt;my long answer about the semantics of the possessive &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, and more to the point, the simple answer is &quot;no&quot; and the complicated one is &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; complicated. As a basic phrase, &lt;strong&gt;моя машина&lt;/strong&gt; is decidedly &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; interchangeable with &lt;strong&gt;у меня машина&lt;/strong&gt;. However, the line starts to get blurred when more information is added to the message; thus it's much more idiomatically correct to express &quot;my car is old&quot; as &lt;strong&gt;машина у меня старая&lt;/strong&gt; than as &lt;strong&gt;моя машина старая&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's rather hard (though not impossible) to imagine a context in which someone would say &lt;strong&gt;Это у меня машина&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;Это моя машина&lt;/strong&gt;. Perhaps if the &lt;em&gt;машина&lt;/em&gt; in question was some kind of a steampunk monstrosity not immediately recognisable as a car, or if it was a &quot;pretend&quot; car that a child has made out of, I don't know, sofa pillows. Yes, there are some super-subtle rules involved in such seemingly simple word choices.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The logic goes something like this: &lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt; can (in fact, must) replace the possessive pronoun when the sentence is about what the thing I own is &lt;em&gt;like&lt;/em&gt;, rather than what it &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt;. Which is why for &lt;strong&gt;Это у меня машина&lt;/strong&gt;, I had to come up with such outlandish examples: they had to involve the &quot;carness&quot; of something that fundamentally isn't a car. Stick with &lt;strong&gt;это моя машина&lt;/strong&gt; if you want to err on the safe side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vernacular Russian taken to the extreme sometimes flaunts such constructions as &lt;strong&gt;у меня у сестры свадьба через две недели&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;my sister's getting married in two weeks&quot;. That kind of syntax is generally frowned upon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-07-18T02:14:59.720" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9235" CreationDate="2015-07-18T05:01:13.540" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;just to illustrate the answer of Nikolay Ershov&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;        Phrases      ----      Сочетания слов&#xA;&#xA;a father's car                  папина машина&#xA;a cat's tail                    кошачий хвост&#xA;a day's journey                 дневная прогулка &#xA;a [I]'s car                     моя машина&#xA;   \&#xA;    a Russian way to think&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;    sentences           ----          предложения&#xA;                [Noun + has + noun]&#xA;&#xA;Father has a car.                     У папы есть машина.&#xA;Cat has tail.                         У кота есть хвост.&#xA;&lt;s&gt;A day has 28 hours.                   У дня 28 часов.&lt;/s&gt;&#xA;Each day has his own angel.           У каждого дня (есть) свой ангел.&#xA;The library has the long history.     У библиотеки (есть) длинная история.&#xA;The library has over 1 million books. В библиотеке (есть) более миллиона книг.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;—————&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;words in braces ( ) can be omitted&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;    sentences           ----              предложения&#xA;                [Noun + has + verb]&#xA;&#xA;The day has gone.                         День прошёл.&#xA;Father has come.                          Отец пришёл.&#xA;The library has been closed for 10 years. Библиотека закрыта уже 10 лет.&#xA;The library has acquired a new books.     Библиотека получила новые книги.&#xA;He has being as a student.                Он является учащимся.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;    sentences           ----              предложения&#xA;                [Noun + has + verb]&#xA;&#xA;     ----------- English way to think -----------------&#xA;&#xA;The day has gone.                         День есть прошедший.&#xA;Father has come.                          Отец есть пришедший.&#xA;The library has been closed for 10 years. Библиотека имеет быть закрытой 10 лет.&#xA;The library has acquired a new books.     Библиотека есть получившая новые книги.&#xA;He has being as a student.                Он есть являющийся учеником.&#xA;&#xA;                                          └──────────────────────────────────────┘&#xA;                                              understandable, but very strange&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-07-18T11:20:03.707" LastActivityDate="2015-07-18T11:20:03.707" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9235" CreationDate="2015-07-18T07:58:08.887" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Speaking about posessive &quot;У&quot; in Russian I'd like to cite the well-known nursery rhyme by S. Mikhalkov which shows the flexibility of this construction. Hope it could be of some fun for those learning Russian too. Yet be warned that it imitates the childish talk so it contains a couple of intended errors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;С. Михалков&#xA;А ЧТО У ВАС?&#xA;&#xA;Кто на лавочке сидел,&#xA;Кто на улицу глядел,&#xA;Толя пел,&#xA;Борис молчал,&#xA;Николай ногой качал.&#xA;&#xA;Дело было вечером,&#xA;Делать было нечего.&#xA;&#xA;Галка села на заборе,&#xA;Кот забрался на чердак.&#xA;Тут сказал ребятам Боря&#xA;Просто так:&#xA;- А у меня в кармане гвоздь!&#xA;А у вас?&#xA;- А у нас сегодня гость!&#xA;А у вас?&#xA;- А у нас сегодня кошка&#xA;Родила вчера котят.&#xA;Котята выросли немножко,&#xA;А есть из блюдца не хотят!&#xA;&#xA;- А у нас в квартире газ!&#xA;А у вас?&#xA;&#xA;- А у нас водопровод!&#xA;Вот!&#xA;&#xA;- А из нашего окна&#xA;Площадь Красная видна!&#xA;А из вашего окошка&#xA;Только улица немножко.&#xA;&#xA;- Мы гуляли по Неглинной,&#xA;Заходили на бульвар,&#xA;Нам купили синий-синий&#xA;Презеленый красный шар!&#xA;&#xA;- А у нас огонь погас -&#xA;Это раз!&#xA;Грузовик привез дрова -&#xA;Это два!&#xA;А в-четвертых - наша мама&#xA;Отправляется в полет,&#xA;Потому что наша мама&#xA;Называется - пилот!&#xA;&#xA;С лесенки ответил Вова:&#xA;- Мама - летчик?&#xA;Что ж такого?&#xA;Вот у Коли, например,&#xA;Мама - милиционер!&#xA;А у Толи и у Веры&#xA;Обе мамы - инженеры!&#xA;А у Левы мама - повар!&#xA;Мама-летчик?&#xA;Что ж такого!&#xA;&#xA;- Всех важней,- сказала Ната,-&#xA;Мама - вагоновожатый,&#xA;Потому что до Зацепы&#xA;Водит мама два прицепа.&#xA;&#xA;И спросила Нина тихо:&#xA;- Разве плохо быть портнихой?&#xA;Кто трусы ребятам шьет?&#xA;Ну, конечно, не пилот!&#xA;&#xA;Летчик водит самолеты -&#xA;Это очень хорошо!&#xA;&#xA;Повар делает компоты -&#xA;Это тоже хорошо.&#xA;&#xA;Доктор лечит нас от кори,&#xA;Есть учительница в школе.&#xA;&#xA;Мамы разные нужны,&#xA;Мамы разные важны.&#xA;&#xA;Дело было вечером,&#xA;Спорить было нечего.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-18T07:58:08.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9229" CreationDate="2015-07-18T11:51:54.477" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Наиболее подходящим вариантом для меня оказался:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(В 2003 году) был снят фильм, основанный на их жизни.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5758" LastActivityDate="2015-07-18T11:51:54.477" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9240" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9242" CreationDate="2015-07-18T11:57:15.410" Score="1" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hello I would like to know what is the meaning of the following phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А попросту говоря, эта твоя бравура меня заебала&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both Google and Yandex give meaningless translations in regards to the second part of the phrase, and looking for it with Google images does not help much&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5762" LastEditorUserId="5582" LastEditDate="2015-07-20T15:55:05.050" LastActivityDate="2015-07-20T15:55:05.050" Title="How do I translate &quot;А попросту говоря, эта твоя бравура меня ...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2015-07-18T18:38:59.703" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9241" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9240" CreationDate="2015-07-18T12:28:19.890" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;бравура&quot; seems not to be used nowadays except in the expression &quot;бравурная музыка&quot; (bravura music). Otherwise people use the word &quot;бравада&quot; (bravado). Both words (French or Italian origin) also present in English (bravado, bravura) and are quite understandable due to the word &quot;brave&quot;. It's not clear from the context either that's about some kind of bragging or (bravura) music. The last word is obscene. It means &quot;pisses me off&quot; though a bit ruder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the approximate translation is &quot;To say it simple, those your bravura pisses me off&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-18T12:28:19.890" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9240" CreationDate="2015-07-18T14:13:35.217" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;бравура/бравада is a French borrowing, means showing off or bragging. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Simply put, I'm freaking sick of your bragging.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastEditorDisplayName="user1514" LastEditDate="2015-07-18T20:27:49.037" LastActivityDate="2015-07-18T20:27:49.037" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9244" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9250" CreationDate="2015-07-18T21:42:55.940" Score="9" ViewCount="246" Body="&lt;p&gt;The complementary concepts &quot;in theory&quot; and &quot;in practice&quot; are expressed in Russian with different prepositions: &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; теории and &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; практике. Perhaps there is no good explanation of that, but if someone could provide any reason why the same preposition is not used in both phrases I would appreciate it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-20T07:31:32.733" LastActivityDate="2020-04-18T12:28:46.020" Title="&quot;в теории&quot; против &quot;на практике&quot;" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9183" CreationDate="2015-07-19T00:31:22.247" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я хочу отметить, что &quot;Вы&quot; в интернете часто пишут, чтоб подчеркнуть дистанцию и некое превосходство. Тон при этом может быть весьма агрессивным/высокомерным и совсем неуважительным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из серии: &quot;А Вы, батенька, обычным дурачком оказались. Я Вас больше не задерживаю.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тогда как в обычной беседе этот же человек будет использовать просто &quot;вы&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2015-07-19T00:31:22.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9246" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9269" CreationDate="2015-07-19T11:00:23.447" Score="3" ViewCount="226" Body="&lt;p&gt;How are these three sentences different?:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы уже &lt;strong&gt;открывали&lt;/strong&gt; это окно несколько раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы уже &lt;strong&gt;пооткрывали&lt;/strong&gt; это окно несколько раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы уже &lt;strong&gt;открыли&lt;/strong&gt; это окно несколько раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any slight differences in meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2015-07-24T04:54:37.210" Title="Difference between &quot;открывали&quot;, &quot;пооткрывали&quot; and &quot;открыли&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9246" CreationDate="2015-07-19T12:08:37.547" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;В квартире очень душно. Мы уже несколько раз открывали окно, чтобы её проветрить. Мы пооткрывали все окна в квартире, чтобы её проветрить.&#xA; &quot;Мы уже пооткрывали это окно несколько раз&quot; вы сказать не можете, это неграмотно. Для выражения &quot;Мы уже открыли это окно несколько раз&quot; очень сложно найти реальный пример использования. Так не говорят.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The apartment is very stuffy. We have several times opened the window to ventilate. We opened all the Windows in the apartment to be ventilated.&#xA;&quot;Мы уже пооткрывали это окно несколько раз,&quot; you can't tell, it's illiterate. For the expression &quot;Мы уже открыли окно несколько раз,&quot; it is very difficult to find a real use-case. You don't say. Правильный, используемый вариант &quot;Мы уже открывали окно несколько раз.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-07-19T12:18:50.197" LastActivityDate="2015-07-19T12:18:50.197" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9248" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-19T15:20:55.763" Score="2" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;What way is correct?:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы уже один раз рисовали.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы уже один раз &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;рисовали.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If both are correct, then what are the different shades in meaning?&#xA;Is it like &quot;Мы уже один раз порисовали&quot; can have ironical sense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-07-21T03:31:35.277" LastActivityDate="2015-07-21T03:31:35.277" Title="&quot;один раз рисовали&quot; or &quot;один раз порисовали&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9249" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9248" CreationDate="2015-07-19T15:50:46.873" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мы уже один раз порисовали&quot; может иметь иронический смысл. Похожие конструкции с ироническим смыслом: 1.&quot;Идите погуляйте в лесу. - Спасибо, мы уже один раз  погуляли&quot;. 2. &quot;Поплавайте в пруду. - Спасибо, мы уже один раз поплавали.&quot; (Во во время прогулки и купания случилось что-то неприятное.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мы уже один раз рисовали.&quot; Ребёнка, который только-только начал учиться в студии рисования, дедушка спрашивает, как у него идут дела с обучением рисованию. Внук отвечает: &quot;Дела идут хорошо. Мы уже один раз рисовали натюрморт&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Once we were showing off&quot; can have the ironic sense. Similar design with an ironic sense: 1.&quot;Go take a walk in the woods. Thanks, we once walked.&quot; 2. &quot;Take a swim in the pond. Thank you, we once had a swim.&quot; (While walking and swimming happened something unpleasant.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;We once drew.&quot; A child who has only just started to learn in the Studio of drawing, grandpa asks how's he doing teaching of drawing. The grandson replies: &quot;Things are going well. We once painted still life&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-07-20T12:43:41.563" LastActivityDate="2015-07-20T12:43:41.563" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9244" CreationDate="2015-07-19T17:04:10.097" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;На практике&lt;/strong&gt; is probably modelled after &lt;strong&gt;на деле&lt;/strong&gt;, and is a more abstract use of the &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; that is more or less grammaticalised as the &quot;at&quot; preposition for organised activities: &lt;em&gt;на работе&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;на уборке урожая&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;на вечеринке&lt;/em&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Edit: or, now that I think of it, it may be something else: Russian may implicitly regard &quot;unreal&quot;/mental spaces as enclosed, and &quot;real&quot;/physical ones as open. Best illustrated by &lt;strong&gt;во сне&lt;/strong&gt; vs. &lt;strong&gt;наяву&lt;/strong&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for not using the same preposition — Russian essentially shrugs it off. Remember that the Russian multi-paradigm declension means that a speaker gets used to forming sequences of entirely different morphemes meaning exactly the same thing, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В лесу мы видели еж&lt;strong&gt;ей&lt;/strong&gt;, куниц[-Ø]  и барсук&lt;strong&gt;ов&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— and that sense of equivalence in difference may carry over to prepositions. Speculatively, I even sometimes feel that &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; used with the prepositional case in a locative sense have come, subjectively, to be perceived as the front part of a circumfix, rather than a &quot;detachable&quot; preposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(That may also be a subtle yet powerful influence the &lt;strong&gt;на Украине/в Украине&lt;/strong&gt; controversy, since for many people, using a different preposition would &lt;em&gt;feel&lt;/em&gt; like an intervention into the deepest workings of grammar itself, rather than word choice.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-07-19T19:02:27.407" LastActivityDate="2015-07-19T19:02:27.407" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9251" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9254" CreationDate="2015-07-20T04:22:53.313" Score="10" ViewCount="732" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can anyone shed some light onto the process by which (masculine) personal names of the Ancient Greek world were Russianized? With some notable exceptions (Homer, Aristotle, Hadrian, et al.), English tends to Anglicize them using a fairly straightforward transcription of the Greek name in the nominative case, whereas I've noticed a trend in Russian whereby the -us/-es/-as/-is endings are elided. Here are some examples where English kept these nominative endings and Russian didn't:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Κόρινθος – Corinthus — Коринф&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Περσεύς – Perseus – Персей&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Ἡρακλῆς – Heracles – Геракл&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Ὀρφεύς – Orpheus – Орфей&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Αἰνείας — Aeneas — Эней&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Ὀδυσσεύς — Odysseus — Одиссей&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Οἰδίπους — Oedipus – Эдип&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Νάρκισσος — Narcissus – Нарцисс&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Ἀπολλώνιος – Apollonius – Аполлоний&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Ἱπποκράτης — Hippocrates – Гиппократ&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Ἀρχιμήδης — Archimedes – Архимед&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Ἀσκληπιός – Asclepius – Асклепий&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Πρωτεύς – Proteus - Протей  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This may be a difficult question to answer, but does anyone know why Russian has (for the most part, from what I've observed) elided the nominative endings? Why Персей, Эдип, and Аполлоний and not *Персеус, *Эдипус, and *Аполлониус, for example?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, am I perhaps asking this of the wrong language? Specifically should I be asking instead why Old Church Slavonic/Old Bulgarian used this process? Meaning, did Russian import the OCS versions of Greek names, and therefore this represents an Old Bulgarianization moreso than a Russianization, or were these imported from Greek directly into Russian without the OCS middleman? I have noticed quite a few similarities between Ancient Greek names in Modern Bulgarian and Russian, but I don't know if this represents a common origin or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance / Заранее спасибо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5295" LastActivityDate="2015-07-20T19:07:05.553" Title="Russianization of Ancient Greek personal names" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9252" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9251" CreationDate="2015-07-20T08:01:04.790" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can find a detailed rule (5 steps) for endings in the end of this article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.astromyth.ru/Additional/GreekNames.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.astromyth.ru/Additional/GreekNames.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-07-20T08:01:04.790" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9248" CreationDate="2015-07-20T08:12:42.553" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Specifically for the English speakers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can think:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;We have been [рисовать]-ing smth.&#xA;                  \&#xA;                    несоверш. вид любого глагола&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But do not&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;           | порисовали   |&#xA;           | нарисовали   |&#xA;           | разрисовали  |-ing&#xA;           | дорисовали   |&#xA;           | пририсовали  |&#xA;               [...]&#xA;                 \&#xA;                  соверш. виды&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, &#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  Мы уже один раз&#xA; └───────────────┘&#xA;   /&#xA;  ... нарисовали    | We had to paint out. &#xA;                    | We once painted out.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;                          We had to&#xA;                         └─────────┘&#xA;                        /&#xA;  ... порисовали    | ...  paint a little, paint for a while&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;  ... разрисовали   | ...  paint with new hatches, &#xA;                           to made a painting excessively large,&#xA;                           or mess the painting up&#xA;&#xA;  ... дорисовали    | ...  paint until p. is done,&#xA;                           have made the final stroke&#xA;&#xA;  ... пририсовали   | ...  paint-in some more, that not had intented before  &#xA;&#xA;                and so on...&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-07-20T08:12:42.553" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9251" CreationDate="2015-07-20T10:53:12.593" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;This tradition comes way back from Old Church Slavonic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OCS was conceived as a literary language for translation of the Scripture. As such, though it was based on the Slavic dialect spoken in vicinity of what is now Thessaloniki, Greece, it had several features which made it a little bit different from the live spoken language. Mainly it was wide usage of calquing, both lexical and grammatical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Greek words which had no established correspondence in Slavic were translated morpheme by morpheme. Thus we have numerous words like &lt;em&gt;иносказание&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;совесть&lt;/em&gt;, etc. Sometimes existing words were given new meanings: &lt;em&gt;судьба&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;fate&quot;, originally &quot;ruling&quot;, &quot;verdict&quot;), &lt;em&gt;слава&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;fame&quot;, originally &quot;naming&quot;), etc. Sometimes whole phrases were calqued: &lt;em&gt;исполнить приговор&lt;/em&gt; (literally &quot;to fill&quot;, compare English &quot;fulfill&quot;), &lt;em&gt;нанести ущерб&lt;/em&gt; (literally &quot;to bring in&quot;) etc. Finally, even grammatic constructs like &lt;em&gt;вкушая вкусихъ&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;видя видехъ&lt;/em&gt; etc. were translated word for word and form for form from Greek (which in turn had it calqued the same way from Bible Hebrew).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same principle was of course used for nouns. Since Greek had inflexion and Slavic had inflexion, and words were calqued morpheme by morpheme, and inflexional suffix was a morpheme, it made sense when translating a proper name to leave the word stem (everything but the inflexional suffix) as is and use the native suffixes to translate Greek suffixes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the proper names were analyzed for calquing. For instance, Pontius Pilate's name (nomen) is etymologically an adjective, and it had been translated as such into Church Slavonic (&lt;em&gt;при Понтiйстѣмъ Пiлатѣ&lt;/em&gt; in the Symbol of Creed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &quot;elision&quot; is not exactly the word to describe the process. Unlike Russian, Old Church Slavonic had no zero inflectional morphemes. What we now perceive as a zero morpheme in words like &lt;em&gt;Ахилл-Ø&lt;/em&gt;, used to be a reduced vowel &lt;em&gt;ъ&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Ахилл-ъ&lt;/em&gt;. It is not pronounced in Russian and modern recensions of Church Slavonic but used to be pronounced alright in Old Church Slavonic. So it is better to used the term &quot;replacement&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-07-20T19:07:05.553" LastActivityDate="2015-07-20T19:07:05.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9246" CreationDate="2015-07-20T12:21:37.957" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;#1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы уже открывали это окно несколько раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We were opening the window many times. (but they not necessarily managed to)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;#3&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы уже открыли это окно несколько раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same, but they managed to open it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;#2 is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы уже пооткрывали это окно несколько раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct way of using this form:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Было так душно, что] Мы пооткрывали все окна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сквозняк закрывал окно, мы пооткрывали его несколько раз, а потом бросили.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The draught kept closing the window. So we were opening it for a while, then gave up.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, one could occasionally use #2 in speech, meaning this but changing the sentence structure on the fly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastEditorDisplayName="user1514" LastEditDate="2015-07-20T17:34:44.773" LastActivityDate="2015-07-20T17:34:44.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9256" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9261" CreationDate="2015-07-20T13:43:42.760" Score="4" ViewCount="2562" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am familiar with the word &lt;strong&gt;заебать&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;[zə(j)ɪˈbatʲ]&lt;/em&gt;, but I do not understand where does the word &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; come in picture. This surely doesn't change the meaning of the sentence, but a little explanation could be in place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way I'd figure out this is; the sentence &lt;strong&gt;Да ты заебал&lt;/strong&gt; is translated 'Im sick of you/You sicken me/I'm tired of your shit'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And logically, my guess here would be 'You really piss me off/You make me mad'. Is this close?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In comparison:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да ты заебал - You piss me off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как ты меня заебал - You (really/truly) piss me off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yes, I do know and appreciate the speed limits in Russia. Let's take it easy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user5770" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T09:50:07.873" Title="Can you provide translation to this Russian profanity?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;slang&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9256" CreationDate="2015-07-20T14:15:33.407" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как&lt;/em&gt; in this context means &lt;em&gt;so&lt;/em&gt; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sick of you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm so sick of you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this sentence is quite rude, not sure the question will survive long enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-07-20T14:15:33.407" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9258" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9256" CreationDate="2015-07-20T14:27:44.500" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;I am sick of you&quot; - is kinda mild translation for this because &quot;заебал&quot; is really rude in Russian. I'd choose something along these lines - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are pissing me the fuck off!&#xA;You are fucking pissing me off!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(or &quot;pissed off&quot; depending on situation and context)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2015-07-20T14:27:44.500" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9219" CreationDate="2015-07-21T00:50:25.310" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @user4419802 mentioned above, Russian declension system is not that much about masculine and feminine as it is about etymology of the word, or, in particular, the ending of its stem in Proto-Slavic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Путь &amp;lt; *pont-i&amp;#774;-s&lt;/em&gt; (along with &lt;em&gt;гость &amp;lt; *gost-i&amp;#774;-s, ночь &amp;lt; *nokt-i&amp;#774;-s&lt;/em&gt; and several other nouns) had the stem ending in &lt;em&gt;-i&amp;#774;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Proto-Slavic those words could be both masculine and feminine, but were declined in the same way, regardless of gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, on some stages of language development (different stages for different dialects of Proto-Slavic, which had later become different Slavic languages), gender started to matter, and masculine nouns accepted paradigm of words with stem in &lt;em&gt;-o&amp;#774;&lt;/em&gt; (which were only masculine and neuter). Those were words like &lt;em&gt;конь &amp;lt; *ko&amp;#774;nj-o&amp;#774;-s, нож &amp;lt; *no&amp;#774;zj-o&amp;#774;-s&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Old Church Slavonic masculine words in &lt;em&gt;-i&amp;#774;&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;гость&lt;/em&gt;-like) differed from feminine words only in inst. sg. (&lt;em&gt;гостьмъ / нощью&lt;/em&gt;) and nom. pl. (&lt;em&gt;гостiе / нощи&lt;/em&gt;). Other cases were the same: &lt;em&gt;гости / нощи&lt;/em&gt; (sg. loc. and dat.), &lt;em&gt;гость / нощь&lt;/em&gt; (sg. acc.) etc. Similar situation was in Old Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Modern Russian, masculine words originally in &lt;em&gt;-i&amp;#774;&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;гость&lt;/em&gt;-like) completely changed their inflection by analogy with declensions of words with stems originally in &lt;em&gt;-o&amp;#774;&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;конь&lt;/em&gt;-like).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, since nothing left there to tell the gender of a word in &lt;em&gt;-ь&lt;/em&gt;, the gender of such words became very mobile.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Words &lt;em&gt;тополь&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;шинель&lt;/em&gt; are masculine and feminine, accordingly, in Modern Russian, but it's the other way around in Modern Belorussian. Pushkin used feminine &lt;em&gt;лебедь&lt;/em&gt; less than 200 years ago in his poetry. As @YellowSky mentioned above, &lt;em&gt;путь&lt;/em&gt; is feminine in Modern Ukrainian. And even native Russian speakers sometimes confuse the gender of words like &lt;em&gt;тюль, шампунь, лосось&lt;/em&gt; and similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;em&gt;путь&lt;/em&gt; apparently had swerved into feminine and back to masculine on its way from Proto-Slavic to Russian, but the constructs like &lt;em&gt;к пути&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;на пути&lt;/em&gt; were probably considered idiomatic and had not been changed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now it's time to actually answer your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Words in &lt;em&gt;-i&amp;#774;&lt;/em&gt; were the most common examples of mixed-gender declension, but not the only ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Око&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ухо&lt;/em&gt; had stems in &lt;em&gt;-s&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;чудо&lt;/em&gt;-like, &lt;em&gt;чудес-&lt;/em&gt; in oblique cases) but accepted declension pattern of &lt;em&gt;-i&amp;#774;&lt;/em&gt; in dual. So while dual is not productive in Russian anymore, we can still find it fossilized in the adverb &lt;em&gt;воочию&lt;/em&gt; (compare &lt;em&gt;ночью&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дитя&lt;/em&gt; originally had stem in &lt;em&gt;-nt&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;телёнок&lt;/em&gt;-like, &lt;em&gt;телят-&lt;/em&gt; in plural cases), but accepted declension pattern of &lt;em&gt;-i&amp;#774;&lt;/em&gt; in plural. We can use it only in nom. and acc. in singular, but in all cases in plural, including &lt;em&gt;-ьми&lt;/em&gt; in pl. inst., which is otherwise used only with feminine nouns (with two else exceptions below). This is the only neuter noun which does not end in &lt;em&gt;-о&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-е&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;-мя&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Зверь&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;люди&lt;/em&gt; are the male nouns (originally in &lt;em&gt;-i&amp;#774;&lt;/em&gt;) which can use &lt;em&gt;-ьми&lt;/em&gt; in pl. inst. &lt;em&gt;Люди&lt;/em&gt; does not have a singular form in Modern Russian, however, it's etymologically masculine. This is something people like Dostoevsky had to know by heart before the orthographic reform of 1918, so that &quot;Poor Folk&quot; would have been correctly named &lt;em&gt;Бедные люди&lt;/em&gt; (and not &lt;em&gt;бедныя&lt;/em&gt; as it would if &lt;em&gt;люди&lt;/em&gt; were feminine).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сын&lt;/em&gt; on one hand, and &lt;em&gt;дочь&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;мать&lt;/em&gt; on the other hand, had stems in &lt;em&gt;-u&amp;#774;&lt;/em&gt; (short u) and &lt;em&gt;-r&lt;/em&gt;, accordingly. Words of those declensions had an extra syllable in oblique cases. Thus we see those words have the similar declensions in oblique plural cases: &lt;em&gt;сыновей, дочерей, матерей&lt;/em&gt;. Other masculine words with the same declension pattern were most probably modeled after &lt;em&gt;сын&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;кумовья, шурья&lt;/em&gt; (plural of &lt;em&gt;кум&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;шурин &amp;lt; *шурь&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-07-21T14:39:50.637" LastActivityDate="2015-07-21T14:39:50.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9256" CreationDate="2015-07-21T14:45:17.377" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как&lt;/code&gt; in this case can be literally translated into English as &lt;code&gt;how&lt;/code&gt;, or maybe &lt;code&gt;Oh, how...&lt;/code&gt;, used for emphasis, rather than a question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как ты меня заебал! - Oh, how you've pissed me off!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This also works in other exclamations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как я устал! - Oh, how tired I am!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2015-07-21T17:54:02.303" LastActivityDate="2015-07-21T17:54:02.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9141" CreationDate="2015-07-21T21:08:07.173" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это разные &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;падежи&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;доска (доски), папа (папы) - И.п. (Кто? Что?)   &#xA;доски (досок), папы (пап) - Р.п. (Кого? Чего?)  &#xA;доске (доскам), папе (папам)- Д.п. (Кому? Чему?)    &#xA;доску (доски), папу (пап) - В.п. (Кого? Что?    )&#xA;доской/доскою (досками), папой/папою (папами) - Т.п.(Кем? Чем?)&#xA;доске (досках), папе (папах) -П.п.(О ком? О чём? В ком? В чём?)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример (вопрос и ответ):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;У тебя есть ручка? (Есть что?) - Да (есть ручка).&#xA;У тебя нету ручки? (Нету чего?) - Да (нету ручки). &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В первом вопросе интересует присутствие ручки, а во втором отсутствие. Отсюда и значение ответа будет разное хотя одно и то же слово. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Оружие? (Спрашивает милиция) - Чего? (ответ, может иметь значение &quot;Да конечно есть, что за дурацкий вопрос&quot;)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry for my English. These are different &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;forms of words&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; купить танкИ (buy TANKS) - Именительный падеж (Кто? Что?)  &#xA; мир танкОВ (world OF TANKS) - Родительный падеж (Кого? Чего?)  &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example (question and answer):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;У тебя есть ручка(Что)? (Do you have a pen?) - Yes (I have).&#xA;У тебя нету ручки(Чего)? (Don't you have a pen? or Do you not have a pen?) - Yes (I don't have). &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first question it is important to &lt;code&gt;have&lt;/code&gt;. In the second question it is important to &lt;code&gt;don't have&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Weapons? (said a policeman) - Чего? (I mean: &quot;Yes, of course there are, what a stupid question&quot;)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5777" LastEditorUserId="5777" LastEditDate="2015-07-21T22:21:38.960" LastActivityDate="2015-07-21T22:21:38.960" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9235" CreationDate="2015-07-22T01:57:32.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;To be&quot; is indeed implicit, but you put it into a wrong position. It's &quot;у меня (есть) машина&quot;. This &quot;у меня есть (something)&quot; is the standard translation for &quot;I have (smth)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5778" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T01:57:32.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9264" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-22T03:21:41.437" Score="7" ViewCount="445" Body="&lt;p&gt;What I got from reading &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/392/what-is-the-understanding-of-church-slavonic-among-russian-native-speakers&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; is that the Russian recension of Church Slavonic (церковнославянский язык) is probably not terribly difficult to understand, at least generally, for an educated Russian. However, it is most certainly not modern Russian and thus would require dedicated study to understand completely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question, then, is this: How are Russian Orthodox priests educated with regards to the Russian recension of Church Slavonic? Do they learn it in the same way one might learn Latin or Ancient Greek (though with more attention to pronunciation than those languages typically receive)--i.e., rigorously studying the grammar and vocabulary? Or are they mainly just taught how to correctly pronounce it, with comprehension being merely an afterthought?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm curious if the (majority of) priests are essentially just reciting these texts without necessarily comprehending them, or if they're actually fluent in the language and could, at least theoretically, read or compose religious new texts in it that they haven't memorized through repetition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By extension, when they study scripture, do they read in Church Slavonic or modern Russian? Since services are in CS, I suppose one should assume the priests understand the language they're speaking, but it doesn't seem unreasonable to me to believe that they are simply reciting the prayers in CS but actually do all their Bible study in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they actually do study the language's grammar and vocabulary and such in a rigorous manner, does anyone know what textbook(s) they use to do so? Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5295" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T21:19:01.387" Title="Orthodox priests' facility with the Church Slavonic language" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9264" CreationDate="2015-07-22T05:12:54.980" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, unless there are some Russian priests actually here, I doubt anyone else can provide you a full answer on such a detailed question. But yes, the grammars of CS and modern Russian differ much, so they must learn it more or less like Englishmen learn Latin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, I read book by Pletneva and Kravetskiy which, as the title says, was recommended for the church schools. You may find it along with other materials here - &lt;a href=&quot;http://azbyka.ru/tserkov/tserkovno-slavyanskiy/uchebnye_posobiya/rukovodstvo_po_tserkovnoslavyanskomu.shtml&quot;&gt;http://azbyka.ru/tserkov/tserkovno-slavyanskiy/uchebnye_posobiya/rukovodstvo_po_tserkovnoslavyanskomu.shtml&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T05:12:54.980" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9256" CreationDate="2015-07-22T09:50:07.873" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The one thing the other answers do not mention is that &quot;как&quot; adds a flavor of impersonality to the expression. Here is what I mean: &quot;да ты заебал&quot; is directed towards the listener, while &quot;как же ты меня заебал&quot; is more of a general remark, if I you will. The first expression delivers information (in a rather crude way) to the person one's speaking with, while the second expression is more about reflecting on the fact that the person is pissing you off. So by using the second expression you're basically saying that communication with the person who's pissing you off is impossible and pointless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, let's say you're in prison and you want to rest, but there is another prisoner in the cell who's trying to start a dialogue with you in a rather intrusive manner. Then the following conversation might take place:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;-- Хочешь, я на одной ноге постою, как цапля?&#xA;-- Нет.&#xA;-- Нет, ну хочешь, я цаплей постою?&#xA;-- Да ты заебал! (= please, do stop it)&#xA;-- Ну давай я цаплей постою, хочешь?&#xA;-- Как же ты меня заебал!.. (= he's crazy, it's impossible to communicate with him)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5779" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T09:50:07.873" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9268" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-22T11:14:45.320" Score="2" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;Можно ли сказать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужен/нужны нож или ножницы?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вариант&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужны ножницы или нож&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кажется лучше, поскольку глагол и согласуется с ближайшим словом, и стоит во множественном числе, но какое или какие из правил применяется или применяются в русском языке? ;-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2380" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T16:48:53.873" Title="Согласование числа с &quot;или&quot;: &quot;мне нужен/нужны нож или ножницы&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;&lt;стилистика&gt;&lt;согласование&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9269" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9246" CreationDate="2015-07-22T11:38:37.710" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы уже открывали это окно несколько раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one means that we have opened the window several times, but each time someone or something has closed it. Also, it implies that we refuse to open the window once more, or at least we think that it is impractical or pointless. For example, consider the following situation: mother enters children's playroom, and sees the window is wide open (I've replaced &quot;открывали&quot; with &quot;закрывали&quot;, but the point remains the same).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;-- Ах, какой тут сквозняк! Дети, ну-ка быстро закройте окно!&#xA;-- Мы его уже закрывали несколько раз! Там шпингалет сломался...&#xA;-- Тогда бегом одеваться, а то еще простудитесь!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also use this word with other meanings, like in &quot;Мы несколько раз открывали на этой улице магазин, но шпана постоянно выбивала стекла и распугивала покупателей&quot;. It has the same connotation of a completed action which does not achieved its goal. Does it makes sense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы уже открыли это окно несколько раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one is definitely incorrect in this particular context. You can't open the already opened window. I guess it &lt;em&gt;might&lt;/em&gt; be correct in some very special case, something along these lines: &quot;Мы открыли магазин, но на открытие пришло мало людей, так что мы открыли его еще раз&quot;, but it still has somewhat ironic sense to it. In general, this sentence is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы уже пооткрывали это окно несколько раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thise one sounds kind of colloquial and even childish. The example in the comments to the YellowSky's post perfectly demonstrates the context in which in can be used. Or, continuing with our example, mom could ask the children why the windows is broken:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;-- Так, а что со шпингалетом случилось?&#xA;-- Ну, мы пооткрывали окно... Вот он и сломался.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's worth noticing that the same verb used with a plural form of the same word gives completely different meaning to the phrase. For example, if instead of a mom we'd have an old grumbling grandma, she could say: &quot;Пооткрывали тут окон! Весь дом продуло!&quot;, or even &quot;Понаоткрывали тут окон!&quot;. Here, she complains about the fact that the windows are open and thus it's cold (depending on the level of grumbliness, it could or could not imply that there is actually more than one window). Also, note that you can't &quot;пооткрывать магазин&quot;, but you can &quot;пооткрывать магазинов по всей улице&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5779" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T11:38:37.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9268" CreationDate="2015-07-22T11:41:14.970" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Использование твоего варианта будет правильней,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужны ножницы или нож&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;но использование варианта ниже тоже не будет ошибкой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужен нож или ножницы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user5773" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T11:41:14.970" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9264" CreationDate="2015-07-22T12:54:42.043" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;My question, then, is this: How are Russian Orthodox priests educated with regards to the Russian recension of Church Slavonic? Do they learn it in the same way one might learn Latin or Ancient Greek (though with more attention to pronunciation than those languages typically receive)--i.e., rigorously studying the grammar and vocabulary? Or are they mainly just taught how to correctly pronounce it, with comprehension being merely an afterthought?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been studying Old Church Slavonic in a secular school, but from what I've heard it's pretty much the same in religious institutions as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They have courses in Church Slavonic (and probably Old Church Slavonic), learn the things and pass the tests, as usual. A native Russian speaker does have to study CS grammar pretty much as rigorously as they would that of Latin or Greek, because it has much less in common with Russian than one might think. Vocabulary is of less concern but there are lots of &quot;false friends&quot; because of large numbers of loanwords which had since shifted their meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more thing a priest has to learn is pronounce Church Slavonic properly: get rid of vowel reduction (&lt;em&gt;аканье&lt;/em&gt;), use fricative &lt;em&gt;г&lt;/em&gt; in all positions, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'm curious if the (majority of) priests are essentially just reciting these texts without necessarily comprehending them, or if they're actually fluent in the language and could, at least theoretically, read or compose religious new texts in it that they haven't memorized through repetition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you read those texts much as a Russian speaker, you'll inevitably reach a decent degree of comprehension. Composing the texts is a little bit harder, but this ultimately depends on how devoted you are. Bedřich Hrozný, who deciphered Hittite, claimed he was so familiar with the structure and spirit of the Ancient Eastern documents that he could easily make a career of a scribe in any of those ancient empires. So as with any language, the more you use it, the more fluent with the language you get.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;By extension, when they study scripture, do they read in Church Slavonic or modern Russian? Since services are in CS, I suppose one should assume the priests understand the language they're speaking, but it doesn't seem unreasonable to me to believe that they are simply reciting the prayers in CS but actually do all their Bible study in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a priest you would probably have to do the Bible study in both languages, because the authorized Russian translation (Synodal), which is from Bible Hebrew, and the authorized Church Slavonic translation (Elizabeth), which is from Greek, in fact differ in quite a few aspects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If they actually do study the language's grammar and vocabulary and such in a rigorous manner, does anyone know what textbook(s) they use to do so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure about Church Slavonic (I didn't take it), but the classic Old Church Slavonic textbook is Khaburgaev's &lt;em&gt;Старославянский язык&lt;/em&gt;. It won't teach you the modern Church Slavonic subtleties, though, like when to use &lt;em&gt;ѧ&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;ꙗ&lt;/em&gt;, how to put accents on words etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-07-22T21:19:01.387" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T21:19:01.387" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9268" CreationDate="2015-07-22T14:11:21.903" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если нужны несколько предметов, то должно употребляться множественное число - &lt;em&gt;Мне нужны нож и вилка (ножницы)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В разговорной, особенно спонтанной, речи иногда используют вариант с единственным числом глагола, но нормативность подобного согласования крайне сомнительна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T14:11:21.903" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9273" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9274" CreationDate="2015-07-22T14:56:38.843" Score="1" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the context of programming code (as a noun, not a verb.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;plus: what about development?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Sorry I'm a beginner.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4727" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T17:00:09.580" Title="Is код the best way to translate &quot;code&quot; (noun)" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9273" CreationDate="2015-07-22T15:32:18.720" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Purely in the programming context: code = код, (software) development = разработка (программного обеспечения).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T15:32:18.720" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9268" CreationDate="2015-07-22T16:48:53.873" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вариант &lt;code&gt;Мне нужны нож или ножницы&lt;/code&gt; неправилен (хотя это довольно простительная ошибка), два других — вполне корректны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако, при обратном построении фразы, скажем&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;— Кому следует передать всё это барахло?&#xA;— Про всё барахло не знаю, но нож или ножницы нужны мне.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;множественное число должно употребляться всегда, когда упоминаемые предметы различаются по числам или родам: &lt;code&gt;нож или вилка нужны мне&lt;/code&gt;, но &lt;code&gt;вилка или ложка нужна мне&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Предупреждение: это лишь чувство носителя языка, я не специалист.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4620" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T16:48:53.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9273" CreationDate="2015-07-22T17:00:09.580" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Set of technical standards GOST (Russian: ГОСТ) contain articles &quot;Terms and definitions&quot;, where you'll find examples to illustrate the use of the word &lt;code&gt;код&lt;/code&gt; as a single term:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.opengost.ru/iso/01_gosty/01040_gost_iso/0104035_gost_iso/1186-gost-19781-90-obespechenie-sistem-obrabotki-informacii-programmnoe.-terminy-i-opredeleniya.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ГОСТ 19781-90&lt;/a&gt; , &lt;a href=&quot;http://protect.gost.ru/v.aspx?control=8&amp;amp;baseC=-1&amp;amp;page=0&amp;amp;month=-1&amp;amp;year=-1&amp;amp;search=&amp;amp;RegNum=1&amp;amp;DocOnPageCount=15&amp;amp;id=150791&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ГОСТ 19.101-77&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Исходный код&lt;/code&gt; has become most likely an idiom instead of &lt;code&gt;исходный текст&lt;/code&gt;. It can be found in &lt;a href=&quot;http://dlib.rsl.ru/loader/view/01005405118?get=pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ГОСТ Р 54593-2011&lt;/a&gt; in the domain of Open Source.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In text in a book you will likely come across&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;исходный текст --&amp;gt; объектный код&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;source code --&amp;gt; object code&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;rather than&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;исходный код --&amp;gt; объектный код.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;em&gt;informal&lt;/em&gt; correspondences, reports, etc. in the domain of programming, the common term used is &lt;code&gt;код&lt;/code&gt; for &lt;code&gt;source code.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-07-22T17:00:09.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4103" CreationDate="2015-07-23T00:56:05.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have you ever used Forvo? It's a site where you can listen to native speakers pronouncing various words in their languages. Here's лёгкий:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://forvo.com/word/%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://forvo.com/word/%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://forvo.com/word/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://forvo.com/word/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, I feel your pain. As a learner of Russian I, too, have mispronounced this word a few times myself! Specifically, I pronounced г as /g/ instead of /x/.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5295" LastActivityDate="2015-07-23T00:56:05.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9278" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9246" CreationDate="2015-07-23T04:04:34.930" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы уже открывали это окно несколько раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here it means that you had opened the window several times. Without несколько раз it may mean you opened it once, but now it is closed (or at least it became closed after you opened it, even if now it is opened).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы уже пооткрывали это окно несколько раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You had opened the window several times over a continuous time period, but now you stopped this activity and possibly do not want to repeat. Несколько раз is redunant here, пооткрывали implyes it was your activity over some time period to open the window (so you did it several times).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы уже открыли это окно несколько раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Impossible unless the window permits being opened more than once without closing it. This can be OK in other context when you can open something several times without closing it: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Закон сохранения импульса открыли несколько раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Закон сохранения импульса открывали несколько раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The later implyes you do not know all cases where it was discovered, you just say it was several times. Maybe some cases are forgotten and lost to history. The former implyes you know all the instances well and there are a few of them, all of them are remembered till now, even if they were unknown to each other's researchers at the time when they were doing the discoveries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-07-24T04:54:37.210" LastActivityDate="2015-07-24T04:54:37.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9279" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9296" CreationDate="2015-07-23T05:57:14.750" Score="1" ViewCount="248" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, that's a real puzzler for me and I still can't decode the meaning even through the help of my Russian friends (and my Russian instructor, too!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The complete sentence &quot;Хотя казалось бы&quot; was preceded by congratulations on going very well in my exams. I suspect some joke or even disparaging comment... Too much food for my imagination, can't bear it anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5782" LastActivityDate="2015-07-25T02:44:46.170" Title="&quot;Хотя казалось бы.&quot; Unable to parse the meaning" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9279" CreationDate="2015-07-23T06:36:45.683" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Хотя казалось бы&quot; literally means &quot;Though it seemed&quot;. Yet often that means also &quot;Though I seem&quot; or &quot;Though it looked like&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If &quot;Хотя казалось бы...&quot; has no continuation then it typically stands for: &quot;Though it looked like [it would be the other way round]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-07-23T06:43:47.520" LastActivityDate="2015-07-23T06:43:47.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9281" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-23T10:39:05.383" Score="4" ViewCount="407" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a beginner and have a question regarding &lt;code&gt;bus stop&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;tram stop&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to say: &lt;code&gt;&quot;I'm going to the bus stop/tram stop.&quot;&lt;/code&gt; And I would like to use &lt;code&gt;остановке&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that &lt;code&gt;остановка&lt;/code&gt; is feminine and I have to form &lt;code&gt;авто́бусный&lt;/code&gt; to feminine. So far so good for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Я иду на авто́бусная остановка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But how do I do this with &quot;tram stop&quot;? It is masculine &lt;code&gt;трамва́й&lt;/code&gt; and therefor I can not use it with &lt;code&gt;остановка&lt;/code&gt; or can I?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Я иду на трамва́й остановка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm thanking you in advance for your help!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5784" LastActivityDate="2015-07-23T11:17:53.247" Title="Little questions regarding &quot;tram stop&quot;" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9281" CreationDate="2015-07-23T11:07:15.090" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apart from putting the adjective into the feminine gender to adjust it to the feminine noun &lt;code&gt;остановка&lt;/code&gt;, you also have to put the resulting word combination into the Accusative case, because the preposition &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; needs the following noun phrase to be in the Accusative case, if it is about the direction to the place. That is why the correct way to say it is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Я иду на авто́бусн&lt;strong&gt;ую&lt;/strong&gt; остановк&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the tram stop, the corresponding adjective is formed the same way as with the bus:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;авто́бус → авто́бусная&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;трамва́й → трамва́йная&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And naturally, be it a bus or tram stop, the Accusative case is needed after &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Я иду на трамва́йн&lt;strong&gt;ую&lt;/strong&gt; остановк&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-07-23T11:07:15.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9281" CreationDate="2015-07-23T11:17:53.247" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you really want to use the form &lt;code&gt;остановке&lt;/code&gt; you need to use preposition &lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt; and use Dative case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду к останов&lt;strong&gt;ке&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case &lt;code&gt;автобусная остановка&lt;/code&gt; becomes &lt;code&gt;к автобусной остановке&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;трамвайная остановка&lt;/code&gt; becomes &lt;code&gt;к трамвайной остановке&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я иду к автобусн&lt;strong&gt;ой&lt;/strong&gt; останов&lt;strong&gt;ке&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я иду к трамвайн&lt;strong&gt;ой&lt;/strong&gt; останов&lt;strong&gt;ке&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2015-07-23T11:17:53.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9284" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9286" CreationDate="2015-07-24T06:44:13.810" Score="5" ViewCount="269" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've come across these two set expressions, but I don't understand the cases that are used here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;во хмелю — why is the preposition &quot;в&quot; being used with the ending &quot;ю&quot;—is this a partitive of some kind ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;с похмелья — is this the genitive case? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the literal translations of these phrases? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit: Ok, so I just found out that there's a verb хмелить, but what's the purpose of the &quot;в&quot; here?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2015-07-27T14:17:42.573" Title="Case usage with хмель, похмелье?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9284" CreationDate="2015-07-24T06:54:38.500" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This would be &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/986/prepositions-%D0%B2-and-%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot;&gt;discussion about в/во prepositions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;во хмелю&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;хмель&lt;/code&gt; is not a verb here but a noun meaning &lt;code&gt;hop&lt;/code&gt;. The whole phrase &lt;code&gt;во хмелю&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;he is drunk&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;It is hardly used in big cities, most likely only in a country side. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;с похмелья&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;he has a hang-over&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;Another variation of this:&#xA;&lt;code&gt;У тебя похмелье?&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;Ты с похмелья?&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;У него похмелье&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;Он с похмелья&lt;/code&gt;. Which basically have the same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4637" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-07-24T06:54:38.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9284" CreationDate="2015-07-24T07:52:01.710" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Хмель&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;hop, &lt;em&gt;Humulus lupulus&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is a widely used if partially obsolete synecdoche for inebriation. I've never come across the verb &lt;em&gt;хмелить&lt;/em&gt; but you might mean &lt;strong&gt;хмелеть&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;to become drunk&quot;. &lt;strong&gt;Похмелье&lt;/strong&gt;, literally &quot;after-&lt;em&gt;хмель&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, is hangover. There is a similar idiomatic use of &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; in the adverbialised &lt;strong&gt;спросонья&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;freshly awake, groggy&quot;. Yes, it's genitive; the literal meaning of &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt;+genitive is ablative — it's a reverse &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;+accusative in the same way as the elative &lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt; complements the illative &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;+accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the ending on &lt;strong&gt;во хмелю&lt;/strong&gt; (a somewhat obsolete way to say &quot;drunk&quot;): not partitive, but locative. There's a limited set of almost exclusively monosyllabic masculine nouns that have two forms of the prepositional case; a regular &lt;em&gt;-е&lt;/em&gt; one and an &lt;em&gt;-у/-ю&lt;/em&gt; one. The latter is always accented, and used with &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; (never &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;) when these prepositions refer literally to a location.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &quot;literally&quot; may not make a lot of sense here, considering &lt;strong&gt;хмель&lt;/strong&gt; is inherently an abstraction, but here's a classic illustration of the distinction that may make it a little clearer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вороны что-то ищут в снегу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;the crows are searching for something in the snow&quot; vs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Художники что-то ищут в снеге&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;artists search for something in snow&quot; (i.e. some aesthetic &lt;em&gt;je ne sais quoi&lt;/em&gt; in snow that they're trying to capture.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-07-24T07:52:01.710" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9284" CreationDate="2015-07-24T07:54:35.393" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Хмель&quot; is just a plant (Humulus) which is used in brewing. So this word has yet another meaning (быть во хмелю = &quot;to be in Humulus&quot; = to be drunk; although this phrase sounds a little archaic - probably you've encountered it in a book; people rarely say so).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Похмелье&quot; has the same root as &quot;хмель&quot; yet in modern language (due to the part &quot;по-&quot; = &quot;после&quot; = &quot;after&quot;) it usually means &quot;hangover&quot; (i.e. &quot;after Humulus&quot;). Yet a couple of hundreds years ago it meant something else, actually - &quot;carousal&quot;. Read this topic on a subject - &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/8346/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0-by-pushkin&quot;&gt;Дружба by Pushkin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now about a grammar. &quot;С похмелья&quot; is a genitive case. &quot;Во хмелю&quot; is a (rare) locative case (like &quot;в лесу&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-07-24T07:54:35.393" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9284" CreationDate="2015-07-24T10:15:39.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Во хмелю&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1630/what-are-some-examples-of-nouns-that-end-in-%D1%83-in-prepositional-case/7373#7373&quot;&gt;Locative case&lt;/a&gt;. I never encountered it being used with хмель. Possibly it means the person is drunk. The standard meaning would be the person is in the brushwood of хмель.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-07-24T10:15:39.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9289" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-24T10:58:54.710" Score="3" ViewCount="219" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://phraseology.academic.ru/1031/%D0%9D%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this source&lt;/a&gt; one should write&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На верху блаженства&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://pravopisanie_i_stilistika.academic.ru/57/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this source&lt;/a&gt; (from the same site) one should write&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наверху блаженства&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder, what is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My hypothesis:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Быть наверху блаженства = be in a highly joyful state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Быть на верху блаженства = be in at the maximum of joy (better than before and after).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-08-13T16:34:18.850" Title="Быть на верху блаженства vs быть наверху блаженства" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;синтаксис&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9289" CreationDate="2015-07-24T12:08:45.063" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Поскольку словосочетание &quot;верх блаженства&quot; вполне устойчиво, то и раздельное написание в случае &quot;на верху блаженства&quot; представляется вполне верным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А что значит &quot;наверху блаженства&quot; - мне не понятно. Выше чем само блаженство, что ли? По-моему, это ошибка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-24T12:08:45.063" CommentCount="16" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9292" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-24T14:12:05.197" Score="0" ViewCount="156" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can I parse пройдитеськаде?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please tell me what conjugation it is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5792" LastActivityDate="2015-07-24T17:02:06.597" Title="What is пройдитеськаде?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9292" CreationDate="2015-07-24T14:35:48.507" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;ДЕ, частица. Разг.-сниж. Употр. для указания на то, что приводимые слова являются передачей чужой речи; дескать, мол. Да скажите: князь Гвидон шлёт царю-де свой поклон (Пушкин).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Частица КА разг. выражает смягчение или неформальность просьбы, приказа либо требование ускоренного выполнения ◆ Поезжай-ка ты в деревню!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если частица, которая пишется через дефис, стоит после другой частицы, то дефис опускается, например: всё же таки, мы бы де так не поступили. Ср.: Такой-то де старик … и зол и подл (Пушкин); Кому же нибудь я должен это сказать! (Тургенев).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правильное написание &quot;пройдитесь-ка де&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример употребления: Простая, необразованная женщина рассказывает подруге о том, как водила своего 10-летнего сына на кастинг, где выбирали маьчика на роль в фильме: &quot;И вот главный говорит моему Володе - пройдитесь-ка де от двери до окна, покажите нам себя.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-07-24T17:02:06.597" LastActivityDate="2015-07-24T17:02:06.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9292" CreationDate="2015-07-24T15:03:43.980" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пройдитесь&quot; is an imperative for &quot;пройти(сь)&quot; (to walk). (plural 2nd person)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The particle &quot;-ка&quot; is used with the imperative to soften it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Де&quot; is somewhat archaic particle used to denote direct speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is &quot;[Он сказал вы] пройдитесь-ка де&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-07-24T15:19:44.910" LastActivityDate="2015-07-24T15:19:44.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9284" CreationDate="2015-07-25T00:35:09.560" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The others have given good answers, I'll just elaborate a little on &lt;em&gt;в хмеле / во хмелю&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondary prepositional forms in &lt;em&gt;-у, -ю&lt;/em&gt; (and stressed &lt;em&gt;-ы, -и&lt;/em&gt; for some declension I nouns), while technically being prepositional, in fact mean locative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should use these forms when &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;in&amp;quot;) or &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;on&amp;quot;) means &amp;quot;being there&amp;quot;, literally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's consider some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Предки Грегори Пека видели в лесе препятствие&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Предки Грегори Пека видели в лесу препятствие&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both phrases translate verbatim as &amp;quot;saw in forest (prep.) hindrance (acc.)&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first phrase means that Gregory Peck's ancestors, the first white settlers in America, treated the forest like a hindrance and burned it to create a patch of arable land.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one (constructed by me) means that they were, probably, walking down the forest and saw a hindrance or an obstacle of some kind, maybe a stump or a fallen tree.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can reword the second phrase as &amp;quot;Gregory Peck's ancestors saw a hindrance &lt;em&gt;while being&lt;/em&gt; in the forest&amp;quot;, but not the first one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, we use prepositional proper in the first (&lt;em&gt;лесе&lt;/em&gt;, not &amp;quot;being&amp;quot;-like), and locative (&lt;em&gt;лесу&lt;/em&gt;, &amp;quot;being&amp;quot;-like) in the second one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В «Мосте Ватерлоо» с Вивьен Ли (Успенская) сыграла русскую преподавательницу балетной школы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This translates as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Ouspenskaya) has played a Russian ballet teacher in &amp;quot;Waterloo Bridge&amp;quot; starring Vivien Leigh.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, you add &amp;quot;while being&amp;quot; here: the actress played in the film &amp;quot;Waterloo Bridge&amp;quot;, but not &amp;quot;while being&amp;quot; on the actual Waterloo bridge. Hence, prepositional proper (&lt;em&gt;мосте&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-07-27T14:17:42.573" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9296" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9279" CreationDate="2015-07-25T02:44:46.170" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The guy who told you this probably suspected worse results. So his &quot;Хотя казалось бы&quot; shows he is a bit surprised or relieved. I can't say that this phrase means some bad attitude towards you. It totally depends on the situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2015-07-25T02:44:46.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9297" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9309" CreationDate="2015-07-25T08:24:07.627" Score="1" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a Memrise course В чем проблема? is translated as &quot;what's the problem?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could you explain which case &lt;code&gt;В чем&lt;/code&gt; in in? Проблема looks like Genetive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5692" LastActivityDate="2015-07-27T14:13:19.033" Title="Can you explain the grammar of В чем проблема? to me?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9297" CreationDate="2015-07-25T08:54:56.733" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;В чём проблема? -&gt; В чём есть проблема? -&gt; In what the problem is? That is Nominative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;В чём&quot; marks the Prepositional case yet the object is missing here because it's a question. Consider &quot;В чём проблема?&quot; (What's the problem?) - &quot;Проблема в тебе&quot; (You're the problem).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-07-25T09:01:53.097" LastActivityDate="2015-07-25T09:01:53.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9299" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-25T18:07:30.573" Score="6" ViewCount="344" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, this word has caused many problems for me. I just can't find any good explanation of this very vague word. Some same that it means moving across the surface of an objects, others say it's like a &quot;distributive&quot; property preposition????? If someone could just provide a detailed explanation on this would, that would be great!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4925" LastActivityDate="2015-07-26T05:19:32.630" Title="По??? How many meanings does this word have?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9289" CreationDate="2015-07-25T19:45:39.927" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;@Anixx, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;наверху блаженства&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is correct,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this expression &quot;наверху&quot; is the so-called &quot;непревообразный предлог&quot; (non-primitive? preposition). It is not divided into two semantic parts, so there it is stored joint-spelling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;read more here (in Russian)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pravopisanie_i_stilistika.academic.ru/57/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://pravopisanie_i_stilistika.academic.ru/57/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Пункт 7. &quot;Примечание 2&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Быть наверху блаженства = be in a highly joyful state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Быть на верху блаженства = be in at the maximum of joy (better than&#xA;  before and after).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These expressions are very closed in Russian, the same mean practically.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Both cases need joint spell.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5448" LastEditorUserId="5448" LastEditDate="2015-07-25T21:07:25.977" LastActivityDate="2015-07-25T21:07:25.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9299" CreationDate="2015-07-25T20:17:52.813" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's hard to give a short answer concerning meaning of any common preposition. For example, my dictionary states that there are 28 specific usage cases of &quot;по&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet quite often &quot;по&quot; is used along with the Dative case to denote that some action takes place on the surface of an object. &quot;По&quot; has no direct counterpart in English since it means both &quot;on&quot; and &quot;over&quot; (like bread and butter).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note also: &quot;Я мажу масло на хлеб&quot; - &quot;I make bread and a butter&quot;; &quot;Я мажу масло по хлебу&quot; - &quot;I spread butter over bread&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-25T20:17:52.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9299" CreationDate="2015-07-25T23:45:20.750" Score="9" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Some same that it means moving across the surface of an objects, others say it's like a &quot;distributive&quot; property preposition&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means both of these things, and a number of others. What's more, depending on the meaning, it can agree with dative, accusative, or (very rarely) prepositional. The other meanings include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;as far as&quot;/&quot;all the way up to&quot; (accusative)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;с пятого по восьмое апреля&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;from 5th till 8th April&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вода была по колено&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;the water stood knee-high&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;in&quot; (of disciplines and areas of expertise) (dative):&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;специалист по сумчатым&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;an expert in marsupials&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чемпионат по хоккею&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;ice hockey championship&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;after&quot; (residually; this meaning is more pronounced in several other Slavic languages), and hence &quot;based on&quot; (mostly dative):&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;по роману М. А. Булгакова&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;based on the novel by M. A. Bulgakov&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;оговорка по Фрейду&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;Freudian slip&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;по зрелом размышлении&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;on serious ('mature') reflection&quot; — this is one of those rare prepositional usages&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; of &lt;strong&gt;потом&lt;/strong&gt; reflects this older meaning of &quot;after&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The list goes on — you also get highly idiomatic things like &lt;strong&gt;ночевать по друзьям&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;ходить по грибы&lt;/strong&gt; — but the ones above are the most common, in addition to the two you mentioned (which I presume you've already got the hang of.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prepositions generally tend to stray far from their original and literal meanings and develop quite a number of secondary ones, but &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; probably holds the record as Russian prepositions go. It's okay to be baffled by it. And I'm afraid there's really no single meaning of &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; that could give you an &quot;aha!&quot; moment about all the others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-07-25T23:54:09.107" LastActivityDate="2015-07-25T23:54:09.107" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9304" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9307" CreationDate="2015-07-26T06:09:49.707" Score="7" ViewCount="358" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm curious about the word/ending &quot;бо&quot;. For example in the word, &lt;em&gt;ибо,&lt;/em&gt; which is basically &lt;em&gt;и + бо&lt;/em&gt; with &lt;em&gt;бо&lt;/em&gt; meaning &lt;em&gt;потому что, так как итд,&lt;/em&gt; а ещё слово &quot;либо&quot; имеет это окончание, но что оно значит? This form seems to match with nothing else in the modern language. In other words it seems completely foreign to me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2015-07-26T23:17:18.877" LastActivityDate="2015-07-26T23:17:18.877" Title="What is the origin of &quot;бо&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9304" CreationDate="2015-07-26T07:23:04.747" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quite obvious либо = ли + бо = or because.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бо itself is an old preposition which means... well, &quot;because&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Боянъ бо вѣщий,&#xA;аще кому хотяше пѣснь творити,&#xA;то растѣкашется мысию по древу,&#xA;сѣрымъ вълкомъ по земли,&#xA;шизымъ орломъ подъ облакы.&#xA;&#xA;Because wise Boyan,&#xA;If he wanted to praise someone by a song,&#xA;Then he flew as a squirrel on the tree,&#xA;As a grey wolf on the land,&#xA;As a grey-blue eagle in the clouds.&#xA;&#xA;(&quot;The Tale of Igor's Campaign&quot;, end of the 12th century, author is unknown)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's all there's to it ;-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-07-26T08:44:46.990" LastActivityDate="2015-07-26T08:44:46.990" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9304" CreationDate="2015-07-26T07:48:43.420" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;бо&lt;/code&gt; retains its own meaning in Polish &lt;a href=&quot;https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/bo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[bo&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://sjp.pwn.pl/poradnia/szukaj/bo.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[bo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;]&lt;/a&gt;, as a single word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;b&gt;Бо = потому что = because&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&#xA;   ... не для выигрыша, а так, чтоб только не играть даром, что, по его словам,&#xA;                                                           └────┘&#xA;                                                            /&#xA;                                                           /&#xA;     ... nie dla wygranej, byle tylko nie grać za darmo, bo to, jego zdaniem, &#xA;                                                    [Пушкин. Капитанская дочка]&#xA;&#xA;  — А потому, что ветер оттоле потянул, ― отвечал дорожный,&#xA;     └───────────┘&#xA;       /&#xA;  — A bo wiatr pociągnął stamtąd — odparł podróżny,&#xA;                                                    [там же]&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Polish is interesting at look at in that it retains dozen words, for example, &lt;code&gt;ся = się&lt;/code&gt; as a single disconnect-able word for its counterpart in Russian &lt;a href=&quot;http://sjp.pwn.pl/poradnia/haslo/;1816&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt;, in place of Russian suffix &lt;code&gt;-сь, -ся&lt;/code&gt; in verbs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  Jeśli więc w którymś z późniejszych słowników PWN-owskich łada się znalazła,&#xA;                                                                   \&#xA;  Даже если в котором в нижеуказанных PWN-овских словарей łada нашлась, &#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the other side, it has concatenation &lt;code&gt;мы&lt;/code&gt; in the place of verb, where Russian dropped it &lt;a href=&quot;https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/znale%C5%BA%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot; take a look at the table by clicking on [pokaż▼] pozostałe formy &quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  znaleźliśmy byli&#xA;    _______/&#xA;   /&#xA;  мы бы нашлись&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the claim in the beginning is motivated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-07-26T07:48:43.420" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9304" CreationDate="2015-07-26T08:24:14.240" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бо&lt;/strong&gt; is one of a set of particles that go all the way back to Proto-Slavic, and whose ultimate etymology is obscure; most conjunctions in Slavic languages are made of such particles variously spliced together, and many continue to be used on their own as clitics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Talking about other Slavic languages: curiously, while &lt;strong&gt;бо&lt;/strong&gt; universally means &quot;because&quot;/&quot;for&quot; where it occurs on its own, it's also the common denominator of the words for &quot;or&quot; in Ukrainian (&lt;strong&gt;або&lt;/strong&gt;), Slovak (&lt;strong&gt;alebo&lt;/strong&gt;), and Czech (&lt;strong&gt;nebo&lt;/strong&gt;). And, of course, the Russian &lt;strong&gt;либо&lt;/strong&gt;. How the two meanings are related is anyone's guess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can imagine it possibly starting out as a discourse particle similar in meaning to the modern colloquial English &quot;you know&quot;, which might explain the divergence into &quot;because&quot; and &quot;or&quot; (think of &lt;em&gt;Don't start trouble with these guys: they don't mess around, you know&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;a car, a truck or, you know, a go-kart&lt;/em&gt;), but that's entirely my own speculation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An interesting, if a bit vague and meandering, book that specifically addresses the somewhat enigmatic origin of such particles (&lt;strong&gt;бо&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ли&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.), is &lt;em&gt;Непарадигматическая лингвистика: История «блуждающих частиц»&lt;/em&gt; by Т.М.Николаева.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-07-26T09:12:29.777" LastActivityDate="2015-07-26T09:12:29.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9304" CreationDate="2015-07-26T13:31:09.890" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The origin is the PIE root bhea̯- &quot;to say&quot; (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;bhea̯ti&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = &quot;says&quot;). From the same origin are Russian байка, баять, English fate, fame, fabula etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-07-26T13:36:35.213" LastActivityDate="2015-07-26T13:36:35.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9297" CreationDate="2015-07-26T23:36:19.150" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best way to look at this pattern is literally (albeit not too idiomatic) &quot;Wherein lies the problem?&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;in what&lt;/strong&gt; (is) (the) &lt;strong&gt;problem&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В чём ра́зница?&lt;/strong&gt; - what's the difference? Lit: In what does the difference lie?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В чём де́ло?&lt;/strong&gt; - What's the matter? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В чём беда&amp;#769;?&lt;/strong&gt; - What's the harm?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В чём я был непра́в?&lt;/strong&gt; - What was I wrong about?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-07-27T14:13:19.033" LastActivityDate="2015-07-27T14:13:19.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9310" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-27T03:10:17.807" Score="2" ViewCount="478" Body="&lt;p&gt;I still have trouble understanding how I'm supposed to reduce vowels in long words. Because in some words like cвидания, the unstressed &quot;я&quot; becomes /jə/; while in others like язык, it sounds more like /jɪ/. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same happens with &quot;e&quot;, or at least that's what it seems to me. I feel the ones in &quot;телефон&quot; sound more markedly like /jɪ/ than the one in &quot;очень&quot;, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could it be I'm just wrong? If so, can anybody point out to me what the right pronunciation is for these vowels?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5801" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-07-27T09:28:46.927" LastActivityDate="2015-07-29T12:04:20.853" Title="To what vowel are unstressed &quot;е&quot;, &quot;и&quot; and &quot;я&quot; reduced to? Is it an /ɪ/ or an /ə/?" Tags="&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9310" CreationDate="2015-07-27T04:47:28.117" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, &quot;я&quot; = &quot;ja&quot; (or &quot;softsign+a&quot;) and it is &quot;A&quot; what we reduce.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The actual reduction of vowels may change from word to word and from speaker to speaker. Much like English-speaking persons have a dozen of different pronunciations for &quot;E&quot;. You may even do not reduce vowels at all, though it's quite an unusual way of talking. That is both &quot;jezyk&quot; and &quot;jizyk&quot; are OK, while &quot;jazyk&quot; sounds like you've just come from some tiny village in Siberian wilderness where the people are as slow as the seasons of the year ;-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But never ever confuse ja/je/ji with its &quot;simply-soft&quot;-counterpart. That is &quot;t'el'ifon&quot; or &quot;t'il'ifon&quot; are both OK, yet &quot;t'eljifon&quot; is just an epic fail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-07-27T04:47:28.117" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9312" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-27T15:38:13.103" Score="5" ViewCount="349" Body="&lt;p&gt;I thank everybody for the explanations; the question remains, for me, a little complicated.&#xA;My doubts were originated by some translations, that follow, I found in an on-line dictionary (I translated the Italian translation into English) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;она подучила его немецкому языку — gli insegnò un po' di tedesco (he taught him a little German); in this case подучить is translated as learning a little, only the basics of German.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Её подучили, она стала медицинской сестрой&quot; (В. Панова) — &quot;Imparò a fare l'infermiera&quot; (V. Panova) (she learned how to work as a nurse); in this case, not knowing all the Russian text, in my opinion the translations could be the following two:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a. somebody taught her the basics in order to allow her to work as a nurse, may be in order to face an emergency situation;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b. she had acquired before a professional experience as a nurse and this experience has been improved by adding something; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;перед отъездом в Германию он подучился немецкому — prima di andare in Germania imparò un po' di tedesco (before leaving to Germany he learned some German); in this case, as the first, подучить has been translated as learning a little.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thank for every clarification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user5802" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-07-28T01:41:57.113" LastActivityDate="2015-07-29T10:57:24.223" Title="Meaning of the word &quot;подучить”;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9312" CreationDate="2015-07-27T15:49:07.793" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I checked in the dictionaries and I found that “подучить” means studying a little and also the opposite,i.e. improving his own knowledge about some subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's not the opposite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я хочу подучить испанский&lt;/em&gt; implies you already have some knowledge of Spanish &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; intend to improve it a little bit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be wrong to use it if you had no prior knowledge of Spanish whatsoever, you would use &lt;em&gt;выучить&lt;/em&gt; instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-07-27T15:49:07.793" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9312" CreationDate="2015-07-27T17:20:47.963" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;@Antonio you're right, it is correct to say like that.  It does not necessarily imply adding to something that existed. For example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;подлить масла в огонь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means pour oil onto fire, whether it has been done before or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я еду в Испанию и хочу подучить язык.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is absolutely correct. This form does not require adding something to something. Natvie speakers won't see any problem in this usage, unless they're interested in languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;100% is to say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вижу, он работал в поле - подзагорел заметно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I see he worked in the field: he's got a bit of sunburn.&lt;/em&gt; This does not at all mean he had or had not any sunburn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another user suggested &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;немного поучить испанский&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is 100% correct but sounds a bit unambitious, like if one seriously plans not achieving anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastEditorDisplayName="user1514" LastEditDate="2015-07-27T17:28:15.447" LastActivityDate="2015-07-27T17:28:15.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9312" CreationDate="2015-07-27T17:37:26.590" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Значение слова ПОДУЧИТЬ&#xA;Толковый словарь русского языка. Д.Н. Ушаков&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;подучить&#xA;подучу, подучишь, сов. (к подучивать), кого-что.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Научить, ОБУЧИТЬ НЕМНОГО чему-нибудь. (разг.). 1. Подучить мальчика столярному делу. Его еще надо подучить, тогда будет хорошим мастером.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Заучить, УСВОИТЬ ПОЛУЧШЕ (разг.). Подучить формулу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(несов. также подучать). Научить сделать что-нибудь, подговорить. Он меня подучил сказать дерзость.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Толковый словарь русского языка. С.И.Ожегов, Н.Ю.Шведова.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;подучить&#xA;-учу, -учишь; -ученный; сов. (разг.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кого-что. Научить немного чему-нибудь или выучить несколько лучше. Подучить практиканта. Подучить урок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кого (что), с неопр. Подговорить сделать что-нибудь плохое, предосудительное. Подучить солгать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;несов. подучивать, -аю, -аешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastActivityDate="2015-07-27T17:37:26.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9317" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-27T23:21:36.590" Score="3" ViewCount="171" Body="&lt;p&gt;A claim has &lt;a href=&quot;https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/12502/do-any-languages-use-suffixes-to-represent-place-value-in-numbers/12903?noredirect=1#comment34392_12903&quot;&gt;turned up on the Linguistics SE&lt;/a&gt; that &lt;strong&gt;двумястами&lt;/strong&gt; and other such forms have two stressed syllables. I disagree; &lt;code&gt;-мя-&lt;/code&gt; seems pre-emphatic to me here, and Wiktionary &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;is with me on this&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, one thing the two-stresses theory may have going for it is that there are no other (standard) examples of pre-emphatic &lt;code&gt;/a/&lt;/code&gt; failing to reduce to &lt;code&gt;[ɪ]&lt;/code&gt; after a soft consonant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I can think of a test, but I'm not sure its result for me would be the same for most people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the test. With words that have a true secondary stress, the following cadence is possible at the end of a sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;...вагòноремóнтный завóд.&#xA;   ___&#xA;      \_____&#xA;            \_________&#xA;                      \_          &lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I can only imagine saying something like &lt;strong&gt;двумястами годами&lt;/strong&gt; with two pitch drops: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;...двумястами годами.&#xA;   _______&#xA;          \______&#xA;                 \__&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet I'm not entirely positive that &lt;em&gt;no-one ever&lt;/em&gt; would say it with three drops:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;...двумястами годами.&#xA;   ____&#xA;       \__&#xA;          \______&#xA;                 \__&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— which would indicate that for this speaker, there is a secondary stress on &lt;code&gt;-мя-&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this occur? Are there any more arguments for either side?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:54:12.410" LastActivityDate="2015-07-28T14:38:44.187" Title="Do instrumental forms of numerals like двумястами have secondary stress?" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9319" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9329" CreationDate="2015-07-28T14:31:28.787" Score="7" ViewCount="9912" Body="&lt;p&gt;Согласно толковому словарю &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.onlinedics.ru/slovar/ushakov/s/sledujuschij.html&quot;&gt;Ушакова&lt;/a&gt;, смысл слова &quot;следующий&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ближайший по очереди, первый из долженствующих появиться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тем не менее, если мы говорим о днях недели, то мы скорее используем прилагательные &quot;этот&quot; и &quot;следующий&quot; в зависимости от того, подразумеваем ли мы день на этой неделе или на следующей. Например, если обсуждение происходит 21-го июля (во вторник):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Встретимся в следующий понедельник (имеется в виду 27-е июля, на следующей неделе)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Концерт будет в следующий четверг (имеется в виду 30-е  июля, на следующей неделе)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Приходи вечером, в этот четверг (имеется в виду 23-е июля, на этой неделе)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В последнем примере &quot;четверг&quot; как раз таки ближайший по очереди.  Это подходит под описание толкового словаря.  Но назвать его &quot;следующим&quot; кажется неестественным. Существует ли правило об использовании слова &quot;следущий&quot; применительно к дням недели?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="4379" LastEditDate="2015-07-28T17:36:08.950" LastActivityDate="2020-12-07T15:22:43.593" Title="&quot;Следующий понедельник&quot;, &quot;следующий четверг&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;словоупотребление&gt;&lt;словоприменение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9310" CreationDate="2015-07-28T14:37:21.803" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In standard Russian pronunciation based on the Moscow dialect, &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt; or a consonant ending in -&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;, or one of the soft syllables &lt;strong&gt;ча&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;ща&lt;/strong&gt; have the vowel reduced to [ɪ] when they occur &lt;strong&gt;directly before the stressed syllable&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ча&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;ща&lt;/strong&gt;  theoretically represent the sound combinations &lt;strong&gt;чя&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;щя&lt;/strong&gt;, yet since &lt;strong&gt;ч&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;щ&lt;/strong&gt; are considered inherently soft consonants by their own right, the spelling with -a- is orthographically correct and logical in order to avoid a &quot;double softness&quot; in the spelling. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;язы́к&lt;/strong&gt; [jɪˈzɨk] &lt;strong&gt;яйцо́&lt;/strong&gt;  [jɪjˈʦo] &lt;strong&gt;я́йца&lt;/strong&gt; [ˈjajʦɐ] &lt;strong&gt;яи́ц&lt;/strong&gt; [jɪˈiʦ] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;час&lt;/strong&gt; [tʃas] &lt;em&gt;but&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;часо́в&lt;/strong&gt; [tʃɪˈsof]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;я́сно&lt;/strong&gt; [ˈjasnɐ] &lt;em&gt;but&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;объясни́&lt;/strong&gt;  [ɐbjɪsˈɲi]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When in doubt, you can go to &lt;a href=&quot;http://rifmovnik.ru/find&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; site and enter any word or word form, and it will indicate the pronunciation with all the correct vowel reductions using the cyrillic phonetic transcription, which is easy enough to understand. Just be sure to choose словоформы in the dropdown next to the search field. Otherwise, you'll just get a list of words that rhyme with your entry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-07-29T12:04:20.853" LastActivityDate="2015-07-29T12:04:20.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9317" CreationDate="2015-07-28T14:38:44.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The claim of the word being a one-stress-syllable word can be proven/disproved through a process of elimination.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In four examples below we will use the leading word, which is familiar to the native speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have to pronounce two polysyllabic words exactly in one style making emphatic stress on the accented syllable. Those on the left have one only.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of them sounds pretty understandable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;бр́омистыми   --&gt;   дв́умястами&#xA;&#xA;пухн́ястыми   --&gt;   двум́ястами&#xA;&#xA;мест́ами      --&gt;   двумяст́ами        #&#xA;&#xA;переназов́и   --&gt;   двумястам́и&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case (#) &lt;code&gt;дву&lt;/code&gt; starts to be audible as a non-recognized prefix. The &lt;code&gt;дву&lt;/code&gt; tend to reduce to a something as &lt;code&gt;ду&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;мя&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;ми&lt;/code&gt;, in rapid speech contracting upto &lt;code&gt;дма&lt;/code&gt;.  If we try make it sound more clear and sharp in consonants, we have got clearly two stresses, without going &lt;code&gt;мя -&amp;gt; ми&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tonally, the most closest pronunciation for &lt;code&gt;двумястами&lt;/code&gt; will be &lt;code&gt;двумя перстами&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-07-28T14:38:44.187" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9319" CreationDate="2015-07-28T16:07:52.953" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Формального  правила об использовании слова &quot;следующий&quot; применительно к дням недели я не знаю, и не знаю, существует ли оно. Но мы говорим о днях недели так, как Вы написали. Ближайший четверг мы называем &quot;этот четверг&quot;; четверг, который будет через четверг, мы называем &quot;следующий четверг&quot;. А составители словарей своими формулировками меня тоже иногда сбивают с толку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Formal rules about the use of the word &quot;next&quot; in relation to the days of the week I don't know and don't know it is there. But we're talking about days of the week as You wrote. Next Thursday we called &quot;this Thursday&quot;; Thursday, which will be after Thursday, we call &quot;next Thursday&quot;. But the compilers of dictionaries and their wording me too sometimes confusing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-07-28T16:43:15.890" LastActivityDate="2015-07-28T16:43:15.890" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9312" CreationDate="2015-07-28T17:36:44.013" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the closer translation to Italian of (2) will be something between &lt;code&gt;lei era imparata...&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;lei è stata imparata...&lt;/code&gt;, for me the second looks more natural, but both are acceptable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case &lt;code&gt;под-&lt;/code&gt; means little effort, doing something easily or slightly and usually having some background on the subject. When there is no background experience I'd certainly use &lt;code&gt;поучить&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;выучить&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5669" LastEditorUserId="5669" LastEditDate="2015-07-28T19:55:34.200" LastActivityDate="2015-07-28T19:55:34.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="208" CreationDate="2015-07-28T21:24:26.230" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a Native Russian speaker, and to me Ukrainian is like country to me. And Serbian is as American English is to Jamaican English. The words are there, but not the same. So it really depends on where you live in Russia, and that is what ultimately defines whether or not you can comprehend other Slavic Languages. But, put it this way: there's a lot more people who can understand Ukrainian west of Novgorod.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5806" LastActivityDate="2015-07-28T21:24:26.230" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="208" CreationDate="2015-07-28T23:01:27.170" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There exists a language continuum in Ukraine and Russia, so a person from the Russian South-West (Kuban, Voronezh, etc.) will have general understanding in Eastern Ukraine, but they will definitely understand nothing in Lviv or Uzhgorod.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For &quot;average Russian&quot; and &quot;average Ukrainian&quot; the communication will be definitely impaired, but still possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5027" LastActivityDate="2015-07-28T23:01:27.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9151" CreationDate="2015-07-29T00:20:29.497" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если нужно сказать &quot;новости на японском языке, я их слушаю и понимаю&quot;, то это будет примерно так: &quot;я слушаю новости на японском&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4785" LastActivityDate="2015-07-29T00:20:29.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9151" CreationDate="2015-07-29T01:57:08.547" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To me it seems that the adverbial form a language attaches itself to a verb that represents active use of a language: говорить / читать / писать is equivalent to [I can] speak / read / write по-японски. Слушать (to listen) has a passive connotation: you wouldn't say &quot;I can listen Japanese&quot;, but you could say &quot;I can listen someone speak Japanese&quot; (Я слушаю, как некто говорит по-японски).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could look at it this way: &quot;по-японски&quot; means &quot;in a Japanese manner&quot;, so you could speak or write &quot;in a Japanese manner&quot;, but you would not listen &quot;in a Japanese manner&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2015-07-29T01:57:08.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9312" CreationDate="2015-07-29T10:57:24.223" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;подучить meant to improve knowledge of something to a certain pre-determined level from a lesser level (but not completely learn). I.e. to approach the pre-determined level from below (thus the preposition под).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1. ------ perfect level&#xA;&#xA;2. ------ planned level&#xA;&#xA;3. ------ current level&#xA;&#xA;4. ------ no knowlwdge&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You want to approach 2 from 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-07-29T10:57:24.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9319" CreationDate="2015-07-29T11:45:59.523" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Думаю, что &quot;следующий&quot; по отношению к дням недели мы применяем к наименованию дня не напрямую, а косвенно - через понятие &quot;&lt;strong&gt;следующая неделя&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, которой этот день всецело принадлежит. Это связано с тем, что подсознательно мы и в прочих случаях не отмеряем время количеством четвергов или понедельников (в отличие от &quot;количества недель&quot;), а ориентируемся с помощью этих наименований только внутри недели. Строго говоря, для однозначности сначала нужно обозначить, на какой это неделе и только после этого - в какой день обозначенной недели. Выражение &quot;следующий четверг&quot; сокращённо выполняет именно эту функцию. Поэтому &quot;&lt;strong&gt;следующий четверг&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - это &lt;strong&gt;четверг следущей недели&lt;/strong&gt; (той, которая начнётся по окончании текущей). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово &quot;этот&quot;, однозначно относящее названный день к текущей неделе - необязательное уточнение: если мы говорим &quot;в четверг&quot; в явном контексте будущего (состоится то-то и пр.), то упомянутый четверг относится к текущей неделе. Можно сказать аналогично и о прошедшем событии текущей недели (&quot;в четверг был дождь&quot;). Контекст будущего делает иногда уместным и указание на день следующей недели без уточнения &quot;следующий&quot;: в конце недели мы можем сказать, например, что &quot;в понедельник я пойду к врачу&quot;, и это будет однозначно понято собеседником.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Понятие &quot;ближайший четверг (понедельник)&quot; характерно для ссылки на мероприятия, происходящие по расписанию в определённый день недели. Такая ссылка может косвенно указывать на &quot;следующее&quot; по очерёдности мероприятие, которое состоится на текущей, либо на следующей неделе - в зависимости от того, до или после четверга текущей недели это говорится (если в четверг, то нужно говорить &quot;в следующий&quot;). Кроме того, &quot;ближайшим&quot; четверг можно указать относительно какой-либо даты или события в будущем - в соотв. контексте (напр. &quot;в ближайший к дате его приезда четверг он сможет попасть к этому врачу&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-07-29T12:12:25.843" LastActivityDate="2015-07-29T12:12:25.843" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9330" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7796" CreationDate="2015-07-29T12:55:38.447" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется, что у глаголов &quot;глядеть&quot; и &quot;смотреть&quot; есть общее значение, но каждый из них обладает еще и другими значениями. Например, можно сказать &quot;смотреть кино&quot;, но нельзя &quot;глядеть кино&quot;. &#xA;&quot;Я часто, смотря кино, отмечаю про себя несоответствия между характерами персонажей и их поведением.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С другой стороны, можно сказать &quot;дерево (луч солнца) глядит в окошко&quot;, но нельзя - &quot;дерево смотрит в окошко&quot;. Наверняка есть пример с деепричастием у какого-нибудь Пастернака, там у него постоянно намокшие воробушком сиреневые ветви куда-нибудь глядят. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для супплетивов, насколько я понимаю, необходима идентичность лексических значений, они могут отличаться только грамматически. В случае с &quot;глядеть&quot; и &quot;смотреть&quot; есть разница в лексическом значении. Значит, не получается считать деепричастие &quot;глядя&quot; супплетивной формой глагола &quot;смотреть&quot;. Хотя, конечно, идея увлекательная.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="185" LastActivityDate="2015-07-29T12:55:38.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9331" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-07-29T21:02:55.657" Score="2" ViewCount="1482" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am attempting to translate the sentance &lt;em&gt;is but an image&lt;/em&gt; from Fausts Chorus Mysticus. So far I have &lt;em&gt;это но копия&lt;/em&gt; but I am wondering if it should be just &lt;em&gt;но копия&lt;/em&gt; as the literal translation of the first sentance is &lt;em&gt;it is but an image&lt;/em&gt;. How should the sentance be written? Does the meaning of &lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt; change depending on the context in which it is used so as to effectivey be a Russian equivalent of &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt;? Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5810" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-07-29T21:16:46.997" LastActivityDate="2015-08-01T10:27:41.840" Title="Is there no direct translation for IS in Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9331" CreationDate="2015-07-29T21:32:56.693" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, &lt;strong&gt;но&lt;/strong&gt; is just the &quot;but&quot; as in &quot;however&quot;. &quot;But&quot; as in &quot;only&quot; is &lt;strong&gt;лишь&lt;/strong&gt; (and &quot;but&quot; as in &quot;not X but Y&quot; is &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on the exact phrase, you may not even need the &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt;. Or even the dash.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exact equivalent of &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt;, but it's mostly used to say &quot;&lt;em&gt;there&lt;/em&gt; is&quot;. It's the same for all persons and numbers in modern Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, just in case, beware of &lt;strong&gt;суть&lt;/strong&gt;; most Russian speakers nowadays use it incorrectly, mistaking it for some super-bookish equivalent of &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt;; in fact, it's merely its obsolete plural form (&quot;they are&quot;), and a sad case of a bastardised archaism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-07-29T21:32:56.693" CommentCount="18" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9331" CreationDate="2015-07-30T05:12:21.253" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is quite strange to translate English translation(!) into Russian, isn't it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Deutsch this excerpt sounds like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alles Vergängliche&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ist nur ein Gleichnis&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is &amp;quot;All the transient is only similitude&amp;quot;. And in Russian: &amp;quot;Всё преходящее есть только подобие&amp;quot;. In Pasternak's translation: &amp;quot;Всё быстротечное - символ, сравненье&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what's the use to translate &amp;quot;is but an image&amp;quot;? If it stood completely without context I'd translate it as: &amp;quot;есть только образ&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-08-01T10:27:41.840" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9335" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9337" CreationDate="2015-07-30T21:10:46.657" Score="1" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure that this is exactly a Russian language question as technology and languages, but...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was looking for the Cyrillic spelling of &quot;Vladyka&quot;, and the Google Translate iPhone app doesn't offer the full web translate.google.com app option of typing something in Latin characters and get help spelling it in Cyrillic. So I tried &quot;English to Russian&quot; in the app, which seems much less rich than the desktop translate.google.com, and then completely failed to find a preimage that would render as &quot;Владыка.&quot; &quot;Bishop&quot; was translated as &quot;епископ&quot;, and I was pretty sure &quot;lord&quot; was going to translate as &quot;господин&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of general strategies, what can / should I be doing to identify correct spelling when I only have a smartphone, not a desktop? (Type it in a Google search?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1556" LastActivityDate="2015-07-31T20:47:51.327" Title="How could I have gotten the Cyrillic spelling of Vladyka?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9335" CreationDate="2015-07-31T20:47:51.327" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, you can install a Russian dictionary in keyboard apps (at least in Android there's plenty of them), and it contains most of the language, except neologisms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have a transliterated Russian word, there are Russian&amp;lt;-&gt;Translit (транслит) services:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;live translation (write in translit, see in Russian): &lt;a href=&quot;http://translit.cc/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://translit.cc/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(with spellchecking)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;another useful site: &lt;a href=&quot;http://pereklad.online.ua/translit-russkiy/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://pereklad.online.ua/translit-russkiy/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;quite old and ugly one: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russpain.ru/translit-avtomat.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.russpain.ru/translit-avtomat.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastActivityDate="2015-07-31T20:47:51.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9338" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9339" CreationDate="2015-08-01T04:55:55.607" Score="3" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are a few sentences, for which I do not understand why &quot;его&quot; и &quot;ее&quot; do not have the letter &quot;Н&quot; before them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;... для этого нам надо играть по ее правилам.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;На его месте должен был быть я.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why don't these take the letter &quot;н&quot;—нём, ней? and why aren't they in the same case as the next word? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;thanks)) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2015-08-01T19:39:26.060" Title="Correct use of &quot;его, ее&quot; after preposition?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9338" CreationDate="2015-08-01T06:37:50.403" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fairly easy here. &lt;strong&gt;Его&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;её&lt;/strong&gt; only take initial «н» as pronouns in Genitive case (and, well, Accusative, because it's the same). When you have possessive adjective pronouns «его» and «её», no «н» is required.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though, of course, these possessive adjectives (его, её, их) originate from the Genitive case of the corresponding pronouns. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a bonus, you can consider the initial «н» a sure sign that the preposition really refers to the pronoun (remember that not all preposition require it!) :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я от неё писем не получал. → «от» refers to some «она» (&quot;I haven't received any letters from her&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я от её писем уже устал. → «от» is a preposition before «писем», and «её» is a possessive adjective that got between them (&quot;I am tired of her letters already&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2015-08-01T19:39:26.060" LastActivityDate="2015-08-01T19:39:26.060" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9338" CreationDate="2015-08-01T06:39:09.227" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нём (себе/мне/ней/них/нас) -- is pronoun in place of a noun. Hence, it has the meanings of the noun in  lexical and grammatical sense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его (свой/моё/её/их/наше) -- is purely possessive pronoun, as the attribute to the marking who else's.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  для   этого   нам    надо  играть  по  ее  правилам&#xA;  for   this  we_have  must  to_play by  her  rules &#xA;  &quot;that is what we must play by her rules&quot;&#xA;                   or &#xA;  &quot;for that we must play by her rules&quot;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;   На  его  месте  должен  был  быть  я   &#xA;   On  his  place   must   was  to_be I&#xA;   &quot;I ought myself to be on his place.&quot;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;   Our   teacher   is   teach-ing   Russian     to  us.&#xA;   Наш   учитель    •   учить-щий  русский-ому  •   наc.&#xA;   &quot;Наш учитель учит нас русскому (языку)&quot;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-08-01T06:44:29.650" LastActivityDate="2015-08-01T06:44:29.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8571" CreationDate="2015-08-01T08:17:25.767" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, that's quite an interesting question. But to say how the tenses correspond to each other we must first know what they really mean in both languages. And this is where we may fail as everyone knows well at most only one language. But let's try anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English &lt;strong&gt;Continuous&lt;/strong&gt; tense means: &amp;quot;I'd like to point out that some action is still in progress&amp;quot;. It is always to be translated into Russian &lt;strong&gt;Imperfective&lt;/strong&gt;... but &lt;em&gt;not vice versa&lt;/em&gt;! Because Russian Imperfective really means: &amp;quot;Action is not completed&amp;quot;. Sure, if something &amp;quot;is in progress&amp;quot; it is not completed, but it &lt;em&gt;may&lt;/em&gt; be uncompleted and no progressing at all. (And even worse, English speakers use Continuous tense only when they &lt;em&gt;wish&lt;/em&gt; to say that the action is in progress, so Continuous tense is used relatively rare compared to Indefinite one).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus we have so far&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was eating pizza when you arrived ---&amp;gt; Когда ты пришёл, я ел пиццу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am eating pizza right now ---&amp;gt; Прямо сейчас я ем пиццу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will be eating pizza when you arrive ---&amp;gt; Когда ты придёшь, я буду есть пиццу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that I put &amp;quot;when&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;right now&amp;quot; in the start of Russian sentences as these words are now the only &amp;quot;containers&amp;quot; of that &amp;quot;continuous&amp;quot; meaning, so usually it's a good idea to say them early.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now to &lt;strong&gt;Perfect&lt;/strong&gt; tense. It's like a &amp;quot;mirror&amp;quot; for Continuous tense: &amp;quot;I'd like to point out that some action is completed&amp;quot;. It nicely fits into Russian &lt;strong&gt;Perfective&lt;/strong&gt;, yet, again, &lt;em&gt;not vice versa&lt;/em&gt; as there's no &amp;quot;I'd like to&amp;quot; in Russian Perfective: it means &amp;quot;simply finished&amp;quot; and nothing more. (Now you should understand why Russians use English Present Perfect tense so often: they think in terms of Russian Perfective, and everything which is &amp;quot;simply finished&amp;quot; sadly becomes &amp;quot;has been finished&amp;quot; in that &amp;quot;Russian&amp;quot; English).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I had eaten all of the pizza when you arrived ---&amp;gt; Когда ты пришёл, я уже съел всю пиццу (or maybe Я съел всю пиццу, пока ты шёл)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have eaten all of the pizza ---&amp;gt; Я съел всю пиццу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will have eaten all of the pizza by the time you arrive ---&amp;gt; Я съем всю пиццу, пока ты придёшь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of notes again. Translating English Perfect into Russian Perfective is a pain. The sentence &amp;quot;Я съел всю пиццу, когда ты пришёл&amp;quot; has no sense as it may mean both(!) &amp;quot;before&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;together&amp;quot;. That's quite natural because both &amp;quot;съел&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;пришёл&amp;quot; are Perfective and there's no magic default rule of the verb agreement. So we desperately need some extra mark such as &amp;quot;уже&amp;quot; (already) or &amp;quot;пока&amp;quot; (while).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next, &lt;strong&gt;Perfect Continuous&lt;/strong&gt; tense. For my Russian mind it looks like &amp;quot;помесь ежа и ужа&amp;quot; (the hybrid of hedgehog and natrix). It means &amp;quot;the action is partially completed yet still in progress&amp;quot;. What's more important here? Of course, the progress is (and thence the fact the action is not yet completed). So Russians use &lt;strong&gt;Imperfective&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now we have&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I had been eating pizza for two hours when you arrived ---&amp;gt; Я уже два часа ел пиццу, когда ты пришёл&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have been eating pizza for two hours ---&amp;gt; Я ем пиццу уже два часа&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will have been eating pizza for two hours when you arrive -&amp;gt; Я уже два часа буду есть пиццу, когда ты придёшь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To emphasize that &amp;quot;Perfect tense&amp;quot; I have to use the word &amp;quot;уже&amp;quot; (already). The &amp;quot;Continuous&amp;quot; tense is expressed by Imperfective itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And now we finally got to &lt;strong&gt;Simple&lt;/strong&gt; tense. What does it mean in English? There are two main cases when people use Simple tense: either it's the gap between Continuous and Perfect, i.e. the action is neither completed nor is progressing, or simply they don't care to have all the setup with words &amp;quot;after&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;before&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;as&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;while&amp;quot; etc. etc. Yet those cases may be totally different! Consider &amp;quot;Yesterday I ate some pizza at McDonald's&amp;quot; vs the following dramatic dialogue: &amp;quot;Hey, man! Where's my pizza?&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;Sorry, dude. I ate the pizza yesterday&amp;quot;. In the first example you can't use either Continuous or Perfect as you're not eating the pizza right now nor you mean you've finished all that big yummy pizza a whole. That's a job for Russian &lt;strong&gt;Imperfective&lt;/strong&gt; as it doesn't require the actual progress in eating pizzas. Only the uncompleteness is enough for it (but if you really mean you finished your pizza you may use Perfective, and probably along with the word &amp;quot;piece&amp;quot;, unless you're a true gourmand: &amp;quot;Вчера я съел кусок пиццы&amp;quot;). Yet in the second example, surely, that terrible crime was fully committed and the poor pizza now is in your inside. And there's nothing left in the refrigerator for the hungry friend of yours. Just you're too lazy to explain to him whether you'd finished it by yesterday breakfast or by yesterday lunch. And that's a job for Russian &lt;strong&gt;Perfective&lt;/strong&gt; as it's not interested in the fine timings but only in the final results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So we have&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I ate pizza yesterday ---&amp;gt; either &amp;quot;Я ел пиццу вчера&amp;quot; (just to inform of my menu) or &amp;quot;Я съел пиццу вчера&amp;quot; (and nothing left of it)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I eat pizza everyday ---&amp;gt; Я ем пиццу каждый день&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will eat pizza tomorrow ---&amp;gt; either &amp;quot;Завтра я буду есть пиццу&amp;quot; (just planning my menu) or &amp;quot;Я съем пиццу завтра&amp;quot; (gonna finish this pizza tomorrow)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that unlike Past or Future the Simple Present tense translates only into Imperfective as there can't be a completed result in the Present tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although this correspondence is no way complete, I hope even in this state it could be of some use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-08-01T08:43:48.807" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9342" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9345" CreationDate="2015-08-01T16:01:04.527" Score="2" ViewCount="825" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Basic_English_word_list&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Basic English&lt;/a&gt; and its kin are artificial dialects which represent, among other features, a carefully-pared-down vocabulary intended to be fairly comprehensive and expressive for its thrift. The vocabulary holds somewhere around 1000 words, give or take.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To my knowledge &lt;a href=&quot;http://russianaccelerator.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian Accelerator&lt;/a&gt; claims a 750 word Russian vocabulary that's meant to go pretty far.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any freely available lists of a comparable length Russian vocabulary intended to give similar expressive power for its parsimony?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1556" LastActivityDate="2015-08-02T15:21:16.853" Title="Is there a vocabulary list comparable to Basic English?" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9230" CreationDate="2015-08-01T22:12:29.813" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would consider засерать as pretty archaic, coming from the form засерить. In modern language, засирать is more natural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5027" LastActivityDate="2015-08-01T22:12:29.813" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9344" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9346" CreationDate="2015-08-02T02:22:13.277" Score="3" ViewCount="425" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm reading Tolstoy's &lt;em&gt;War and Peace&lt;/em&gt; (in English) and am baffled by what the joke is in the following passage in Volume I, Part III, Chapter 2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он рассказывал дамам с шутливой улыбкой на губах последнее — в середу — заседание государственного совета, на котором был получен и читался Сергеем Кузьмичом Вязмитиновым, новым петербургским военным генерал-губернатором, знаменитый тогда рескрипт государя Александра Павловича из армии, в котором государь, обращаясь к Сергею Кузьмичу, говорил, что со всех сторон получает он заявления о преданности народа и что заявление Петербурга особенно приятно ему, что он гордится честью быть главою такой нации и постарается быть ее достойным. Рескрипт этот начинался словами: Сергей Кузьмич! Со всех сторон доходят до меня слухи и т. д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Так-таки и не пошло дальше, чем «Сергей Кузьмич»? — спрашивала одна дама.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Да, да, ни на волос, — отвечал, смеясь князь Василий. — &lt;strong&gt;«Сергей Кузьмич... со всех сторон... Со всех сторон, Сергей Кузьмич...»&lt;/strong&gt; Бедный Вязмитинов никак не мог пойти далее. Несколько раз он принимался снова за письмо, но только что скажет Сергей... всхлипывания... Ку...зьми...ч — слезы... и со всех сторон заглушаются рыданиями, и дальше он не мог. И опять платок, и опять &lt;strong&gt;«Сергей Кузьмич, со всех сторон»&lt;/strong&gt;, и слезы... так что уже попросили прочесть другого.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've tried all kinds of Google queries and come up with no explanation of this passage. I've asked two Russian speakers (one a native and one with a M.A. in Russian) and neither understood what the joke was, although they did tell me that Кузьмич can mean blacksmith.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, it's possible that there is no joke, and the point is that one can make society people laugh merely by signaling that one is supposedly telling a joke, even if they don't understand it (similar to how the Emperor's New Clothes worked for everyone except the child at the end). I'd like to first eliminate the possibility that there really is some kind of wordplay going on here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Please explain in English, as I took one year of Russian over 20 years ago, and forgot much of it, although I can still read Cyrillic.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5818" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-08-02T06:24:49.260" Title="Wordplay between Кузьмич and со всех сторон" Tags="&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9342" CreationDate="2015-08-02T02:53:26.510" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the &quot;Basic Russian&quot; hasn't been generated yet then only reason is it's unpractical and likely to yield little.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vocabulary for English is essential, in comparison with Russian. In Russian, the words, that very closely by intuitive comprehending, forms a bush (cluster), derived from one simple word, or, more accurately, from stem or root. In English things seemed more simpler, because a word, as teachers are saying to us, has no inflection, no agreement in morphology, and far from the amounts of words derived by prefixing, affixing, suffixing than in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what they say did not take into account the simple fact, that explains the lack of &quot;Basic Russian&quot;. Every Russian (Turkish, Polish, ...) words has the princip|le of the color-coded component used in electronic industry. Every colored strip marks given word, that it is listed as the member of a class.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a rapid introduction to this topic: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.quia.com/jg/1669650list.html&quot;&gt;suffixing-meaning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Explanation by Quick Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;           prefixes-root-affixing+suffixing+flexia&#xA;                      |&#xA;                    -да-&#xA;                      |&#xA;                     да-р           gift, present&#xA;                     да-р-ован-ие   gift, talent, endowment&#xA;                     да-р-ом        nothing, gratis&#xA;                     да-нь          tribute, contribution&#xA;                     да-тель-н-ый   dative&#xA;                     да-нн-ые       datum, data&#xA;                  по-да-р-ок        present&#xA;                  по-да-р-ить       make a present&#xA;                 про-да-ть          to sell&#xA;             рас-про-да-жа          sale&#xA;              пре-по-да-вать        to teach&#xA;                  по-да-вать        to present, serve&#xA;                  по-да-тель        bearer&#xA;                  по-да-яние        charity, alms&#xA;                 под-да-нный        subject, citizen&#xA;  да-ть           за-да-ча          problemm, question&#xA; to give           с-да-ча          change&#xA;                   у-да-ча          success&#xA;                   у-да-л-ось       had done&#xA;                   у-да-ст-ся       (s/he) might be able to&#xA;                  от-да-лить        push away, zoom out&#xA;                  от-да-ли-сь       echoed                  &#xA;                 раз-да-вать        to distribute, pass out&#xA;                 раз-да-ча          handing out&#xA;                 воз-да-вать        to reward, render, return &#xA;                  вы-да-ча          distribution, giving out&#xA;                  из-да-вать        to publish,  to emit smth (began to hum)&#xA;                 пре-да-нность      loyalty, devotion&#xA;                 при-да-ное         dowry&#xA;                  от-да-вать        give away&#xA;                 пре-да-ть (чему-то) ...&#xA;                 пре-да-ть (кого-то) ...&#xA;                     ...&#xA;&#xA;&quot;Дать задачу отдать сдачу.&quot;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;            &#xA;Class про- collected the members that have common characteristics:&#xA;  |&#xA;  |   get past smth; bypass smth; to go in; to go through;&#xA;  |   to pass inside;  to move along smth; &#xA;  |         &#xA;  |         &#xA;  |          про-делать&#xA;  |          про-ходить&#xA;  |          про-писать &#xA;  |          про-дать&#xA;  |          про-плыть&#xA; про-        про-говорить     &#xA;             про-греть&#xA;             про-плавить&#xA;             про-...    &#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Once students achieve an understanding and mastery of the basic &#xA;  Russian suffixes and prefixes, they will be able to recognize,&#xA;  identify,  and decipher words into their component parts. With this&#xA;  skill established,  they should also develop an ability to construct&#xA;  many words and terms  from a given Russian root, facilitating both the&#xA;  translation of Russian  literature and student conversation and&#xA;  composition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?num=30&amp;amp;biw=1279&amp;amp;bih=727&amp;amp;tbm=bks&amp;amp;q=%22understanding+and+mastery+of+the+basic++Russian+suffixes+and+prefixes%2C+they+will+be+able+to%22&amp;amp;oq=%22understanding+and+mastery+of+the+basic++Russian+suffixes+and+prefixes%2C+they+will+be+able+to%22&quot;&gt;Roots of the Russian Language by G. Patrick&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-08-02T03:14:16.780" LastActivityDate="2015-08-02T03:14:16.780" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9344" CreationDate="2015-08-02T03:18:45.060" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, there is no joke there, on the contrary, it is supposed to be a highly serious and patriotic passage. It goes like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prince Vassily was telling how Sergey Kuzmich, the governor of St. Petersburg, was reading aloud a letter he received from the Emperor, in which the Emperor wrote how he was moved by the statements of patriotism, loyalty, and devotion to the Emperor he received from all the parts of the country. The letter began &quot;Sergei Kuzmich, from all the parts ...&quot;, but Sergei Kuzmich could not read it further, because each time he tried to, he choked with tears and sobbing, so moved he was by what the Emperor wrote to him, by that degree of patriotism which was in the society at that moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But Prince Vassily, who was telling this story, did it with a joking smile, perhaps an ironic smile, or maybe Sergei Kuzmich' crying because of his feeling too patriotic and loyal looked compunctionate to Prince Vassily. I cannot explain the reason of his smile exhaustively, I am not a great specialist on &lt;em&gt;War and Peace&lt;/em&gt;, but definitely there is no pun, or wordplay, or joke based on  &lt;strong&gt;Сергей Кузьмич&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;со всех сторон&lt;/strong&gt;, Prince Vassily smiled at the very fact that Sergei Kuzmich cried while reading a patriotic text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, &lt;strong&gt;Кузьмич&lt;/strong&gt; cannot mean 'blacksmith'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2015-08-02T03:29:19.377" LastActivityDate="2015-08-02T03:29:19.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9344" CreationDate="2015-08-02T05:44:03.570" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The joke is about no gap between sentences. Remember that in Russian the verb &quot;to be&quot; is usually omitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus &quot;Sergei Kuzmich! From all sides...&quot;, saying it fast, may also mean: &quot;Sergei Kuzmich &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; from all sides...&quot; that is &quot;Sergei Kuzmich is everywhere&quot; ;-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. &quot;Blacksmith&quot; = &quot;Кузнец&quot;. While &quot;Кузьмич&quot; is a patronimic of &quot;Кузьма&quot; which originates from greek &quot;Κοσμάς&quot; (consider also Italian &quot;Cosimo&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-08-02T05:52:35.847" LastActivityDate="2015-08-02T05:52:35.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9344" CreationDate="2015-08-02T06:16:45.720" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mechanical repetition of a word or a part of a phrase is one of Tolstoy's personal tropes. Also in &lt;em&gt;War and Peace&lt;/em&gt;, you have Pierre's dream about &lt;em&gt;сопрягать&lt;/em&gt;; in &lt;em&gt;Дьявол&lt;/em&gt;, there are the words &lt;em&gt;фосфориты оправдают&lt;/em&gt; stuck in the protagonist's head at the very beginning; and this is another one of those examples. While there may be some humour in it sounding like &amp;quot;Sergey Kuzmich is everywhere&amp;quot; as @user4419802 suggested, this was probably the kind of humour that was more like a little theatrical performance than the retelling of something witty. What's more,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сергей Кузьмич, со всех сторон,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;со всех сторон, Сергей Кузьмич&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— is accidentally iambic, which adds some vague effect to repeating and recombining this barely meaningful line (one is reminded of Joyce's &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;apologise, pull out his eyes, pull out his eyes, apologise&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кузьмич&lt;/em&gt; is the patronymic formed from &lt;strong&gt;Кузьма&lt;/strong&gt;, a name entirely unrelated to &lt;strong&gt;кузнец&lt;/strong&gt; — while it is, technically, related to &lt;strong&gt;космонавт&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-08-02T06:24:49.260" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9349" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9350" CreationDate="2015-08-02T06:49:38.620" Score="10" ViewCount="688" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Memrise course &quot;Russian grammar through sentences translates &quot;This is my car&quot; as &quot;Это моя машина.&quot;  I don't understand why we don't use the feminine Эта in this sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translate.Ru translates  Эта моя машина as &quot;this my car.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which version is correct? Is there a difference in meaning and usage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5692" LastActivityDate="2015-08-09T09:10:55.157" Title="What is the difference in meaning between &quot;Это моя машина&quot; and &quot;Эта моя машина&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9349" CreationDate="2015-08-02T07:45:10.683" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Think of &quot;&lt;em&gt;Это&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in &quot;Это моя машина&quot; like being &quot;&lt;em&gt;This is&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in &quot;This is my car&quot;. That is a &quot;pure pointer&quot;. There's no need to change the gender here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet consider &quot;This car is mine&quot; --&gt; &quot;Эта машина - моя&quot;. Here &quot;This&quot; applies to &quot;Car&quot; not to &quot;Is&quot; and so in Russian you need &quot;Эта&quot; not &quot;Это&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding your phrase &quot;Эта моя машина&quot;. It seems to have a little meaning since &quot;эта&quot; must match some feminine noun. Thus the sentence may mean either &quot;Эта [хреновина] - моя машина&quot; (This [piece of shit] is my car) or &quot;Эта моя машина - [что-то с чем-то]&quot; (That my car is [really something]). In any case you missed something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize: &quot;Это машина&quot; --&gt; &quot;This is a car&quot;; &quot;Эта машина&quot; --&gt; &quot;This car is&quot;. The gender shows which object the word &quot;Это&quot; applies to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-08-02T07:56:08.403" LastActivityDate="2015-08-02T07:56:08.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9349" CreationDate="2015-08-02T10:38:03.413" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Эта моя машина&quot; = &quot;This my car&quot; is ungrammatical or incomplete sentence, both in Russian and English. It requires a continuation (what is with your car). Also it means you have several cars and want to speak about one of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-08-04T08:33:23.523" LastActivityDate="2015-08-04T08:33:23.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9349" CreationDate="2015-08-02T13:27:31.300" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a related question here, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/7657/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F-but-%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-why-different-pronouns&quot;&gt;“Они братья” but “Это упражнения” - why different pronouns?&lt;/a&gt;, see my answer there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, the English construction &lt;code&gt;this is / these are&lt;/code&gt; are always rendered as &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt; irrespective of the gender and number of the thing named, the same goes about &lt;code&gt;it is / they are&lt;/code&gt;, if the thing named is non-living:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is my car. – Это моя машина. (Feminine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is my house. – Это мой дом. (Masculine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is my window. – Это моё окно. (Neuter)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are my cars / houses / windows. – Это мои машины / дома / окна. (Plural)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Это&lt;/code&gt; inflects according to the gender, number, and case of the following noun only when it is an &lt;em&gt;attribute&lt;/em&gt; to that following noun and forms a noun phrase with it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This car – Эта машина (Feminine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This house – Этот дом (Masculine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This window – Это окно. (Neuter)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These cars / houses / windows – Эти машины / дома / окна. (Plural)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But note, these latter are noun &lt;em&gt;phrases&lt;/em&gt;, they can function only as elliptical sentences or as parts of a longer complete sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-08-02T13:27:31.300" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9342" CreationDate="2015-08-02T14:06:05.973" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a variety of lists around which are comparable. You can google &quot;most common russian words&quot; or something similar. It is harder to shrink Russian down to basic words. Given the nature of the Russian language means the most simple words are complicated by conjugations, declensions and other grammatical changes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found a series called Book2 which are books for language vocabulary. There is one for Russian. The book covers words for the most common situations. As you learn more common words it is easier to then master all the grammatical issues and the wide array of prefixes and suffixes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5819" LastActivityDate="2015-08-02T14:06:05.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9342" CreationDate="2015-08-02T15:21:16.853" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can find something like this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/vocabulary/most_common_words.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://masterrussian.com/vocabulary/most_common_words.htm&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.learnrussianfree.com/vocabulary/word&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.learnrussianfree.com/vocabulary/word&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.101languages.net/russian/most-common-russian-words/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.101languages.net/russian/most-common-russian-words/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it's much more useful to get a good modern textbook of Russian. Then the vocabulary in this textbook will represent such a list automatically. Especially if it's for beginners. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2015-08-02T15:21:16.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9355" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9361" CreationDate="2015-08-02T20:45:58.593" Score="6" ViewCount="3188" Body="&lt;p&gt;I asked an earlier question, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/9342/is-there-a-vocabulary-list-comparable-to-basic-english&quot;&gt;Is there a vocabulary list comparable to Basic English?&lt;/a&gt;, and @Avtokod gave a gem of an answer saying basically, &quot;You don't want the most common 1000 Russian words; you want a grasp of how suffixes and prefixes create clusters of words.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I'm making a separate base question for the obvious followup question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where on the web can I best research the suffixes, prefixes, and other important things I did not know to ask for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1556" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2018-08-26T10:13:29.423" Title="How can I learn the basic Russian suffixes and prefixes?" Tags="&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9356" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9349" CreationDate="2015-08-02T21:59:50.333" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I looked the Memrise course. There's the biggest problem with &lt;strong&gt;idiomatic translation.&lt;/strong&gt; While appreciating the efforts, I think it is not the best way of reducing the pressure of work during language learning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With idiomatic translation only, we lost the &lt;strong&gt;morphological patterns&lt;/strong&gt; of a language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Returning to the question. Let's us take the past tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  this    was          my       home       | - original phrase&#xA;  это.N   быть.N.PST   мой.INS  дом.INS    | - vocab. forms with grammatical labels&#xA;  это     было         моим     домом      | - morpheme-by-morpheme glosses&#xA;  &quot;вот здесь был мой дом&quot;                  | - idiomatic translation&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;   this  was    my    case       &#xA;   это   было   моим  случаем &#xA;   &quot;так было и со мной&quot;   &#xA;&#xA;&#xA;   this    was          my         fault &#xA;   это.N   быть.N.PST   мой.F.INS  ошибка.INS    &#xA;   это     было         моей       ошибкой&#xA;   &quot;это было моей ошибкой&quot;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;   this  was   my    car       (after an accident)&#xA;   это   было  моей  машиной&#xA;   &quot;это было моей машиной&quot; &#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/resources/glossing-rules.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Leipzig Glossing Rules&lt;/a&gt; for List of standard abbreviations.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us move the switch of tenses to the position &quot;Now&quot;. The rest grammatical rockers-levers we keep as they were. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;   this  is    my    car&#xA;   это   есть  моей  машиной&#xA;   &quot;вот это моя машина&quot; or &quot;вот моя машина&quot; or &quot;это — моя машина&quot;&#xA;&#xA;   it    is    my    car&#xA;   оно   есть  моей  машиной&#xA;   &quot;это моя машина&quot;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you are trying to say is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;   эта  моя  машина&#xA;   the  my   car&#xA;   &quot;this car&quot;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-08-02T21:59:50.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9357" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9358" CreationDate="2015-08-02T22:07:50.133" Score="4" ViewCount="277" Body="&lt;p&gt;В таком предложении:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он заходит справа и, поравнявшись, даёт ей немного привыкнуть к себе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;как правильно: к нему или к себе? Меня смущает &quot;себе&quot;, потому что можно подумать, что он даёт ей время привыкнуть к себе же самой. Хоть это и нелогично. Какое грамматическое правило существует?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T10:58:15.643" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T10:58:15.643" Title="Он даёт привыкнуть к нему или себе?" Tags="&lt;местоимения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9357" CreationDate="2015-08-03T01:10:59.643" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Грамматическое правило простое: местоимения &lt;code&gt; себя, себе, собой&lt;/code&gt;, не имеющее именительного падежа, а также &lt;code&gt;свой&lt;/code&gt; означают того же, кто является &lt;em&gt;подлежащим&lt;/em&gt; в передложении.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он увидел себя. - Значит «Х увидел Х», т. е. субъект и объект тождественны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он увидел его. - Значит «Х увидел Y», т. е. субъект и объект различныны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он взял свою сумку. - Значит «Он взял сумку, принадлежащую ему же».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он взял его сумку. - Значит «Он взял сумку, принадлежащую другому мужчине, чужую сумку».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поскольку в вашем предложении «Он даёт ей привыкнуть к себе» подлежащим является «он», то «себе» тут может означать только то же, что и «он»: «он даёт ей привыкнуть к нему же самому». Если бы мы сказали «Он даёт ей привыкнуть к нему», то это бы означало «Он даёт ей привыкнуть к другому [мужчине]», как, например в такой ситуации: «Светлана не любит собак, а Олег купил щенка, поэтому пока что они [Светлана и Олег] выгуливают его [щенка] вместе, он [Олег] даёт ей [Светлане] привыкнуть к нему [к щенку]».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ещё лучше эту разницу видно в творительном падеже:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он разговаривал с собой. — Он разговаривал с ним.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хотя в первом предложении перед «собой» ещё можно было бы добавить слово «самим», но и без него разница очень хорошо видна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-08-03T01:17:54.260" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9359" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-03T03:00:57.547" Score="2" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;оно моё имя just doesn't make intuitive sense to me. Is it correct to use оно in this case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5692" LastActivityDate="2015-08-03T14:49:24.790" Title="Why do we say оно моё имя for &quot;it's my name&quot; instead of это моё имя?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2015-08-06T05:26:54.887" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9355" CreationDate="2015-08-03T07:45:30.210" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a good list with explanations in Derek Offord's book &lt;em&gt;Using Russian&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4432" LastActivityDate="2015-08-03T07:45:30.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9355" CreationDate="2015-08-03T08:22:15.523" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;English prepositions can do two jobs: 1) changing the noun like &amp;quot;on the floor&amp;quot;, and 2) changing the verb like &amp;quot;to get out&amp;quot;. Unlike English ones, Russian prepositions do only 1). For 2) we use verb prefixes exclusively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This concept presents in many languages and even in English you sometimes say &amp;quot;bypass&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;foresee&amp;quot; etc. What makes English special is that in 80% cases you still may use separate prepositions like &amp;quot;go in, go out, go on, go by&amp;quot; so there's one monstrously large vocabulary entry on &amp;quot;to go&amp;quot; yet it's only one and you know what letter it starts with. But in a Russian vocabulary there are a dozen of entries on those &amp;quot;to go&amp;quot;-variants and they all start (the prefixes!) with different letters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How to deal with it? Well, think of it like an extra set of &amp;quot;prepositions&amp;quot; which you have to learn. In fact, they sometimes coincide. Let's take an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Под&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Under&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; yet it's a verb prefix too. Let's add it to a verb &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Держать&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; (to keep, to hold). Now we have &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Поддержать&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; (note that double D: there's also both preposition and prefix &amp;quot;по&amp;quot;, so &amp;quot;подержать&amp;quot; is an absolutely different word). What &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Поддержать&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; means? Literally &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;to hold (from) under&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;. Then applying some mind work gives &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;to support&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; which is the right answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem is that the prepositions (both true and &amp;quot;prefix-like&amp;quot; ones) have too many meanings so you can't deal with only a simple one-to-one correspondence. Or at least it wouldn't help you to get it. As an example, &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Подделать&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Under&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; + &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Do&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;. But what it means? Really, &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;To Forge&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;. Having known that beforehand, perhaps, I can speculate that it was due to forging signatures or stamps  which are &lt;em&gt;under&lt;/em&gt; the text, yet no chance I could figure this just without any context. Sadly, this means you still need the dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what about listing all those prefixes? Well, I don't know the comprehensive source to provide it here. But there shouldn't be too many of them (or else Russian people can't remember them all). So let's try to deal with it just by another example. How many verbs can we form out of &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Держать&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; by adding different prefixes? Now let's do it: starting from the literal meaning we go to true one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выдержать ---&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to hold from inside to outside&amp;quot; ---&amp;gt; to withstand, to survive, to keep self-control, to make vintage wine or cheese etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Додержать ---&amp;gt; to keep upto/until smth. (rarely used in prefix-form)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Задержать ---&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to hold after&amp;quot; ---&amp;gt; to delay&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Издержать ---&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to hold from&amp;quot; ---&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to hold completely&amp;quot; ---&amp;gt; to spend, to waste (a little bookish)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Одержать [победу] ---&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to hold [a victory] all round&amp;quot; ---&amp;gt; to win&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Передержать ---&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to hold throughout&amp;quot; ---&amp;gt; to hold too much&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Придержать ---&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to hold near&amp;quot; ---&amp;gt; to delay a little&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подержать ---&amp;gt; to keep a little&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поддержать ---&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to hold under&amp;quot; ---&amp;gt; to support&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сдержать ---&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to hold from top down to bottom&amp;quot; ---&amp;gt; to hold back, to fight off&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Удержать ---&amp;gt; &amp;quot;to fulfill the process of holding&amp;quot; ---&amp;gt; to keep despite of smth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This list is no way complete but it could serve as a starting point. Try to apply these same prefixes, say, to verb &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Идти&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; (to go) - can you now understand all the verbs? Выйти, дойти, зайти, изойти, обойти, перейти, прийти, пойти, подойти, сойти, уйти? (The life is hard and making the couple of errors here seems to be unavoidable, yet there always is the vocabulary to fix them).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD. As I was pointed out any &amp;quot;preposition&amp;quot; matching only the verb is considered to be an adverb not a preposition anymore. That makes much sense and yet raises one more question: if Russian language has adverbs too (and it really has) why Russian verbs need prefixes at all? The answer is &lt;em&gt;productivity&lt;/em&gt;. Naturally, some adverbs make a bigger meaning shift than others. Say, &amp;quot;Go forward&amp;quot; still means &amp;quot;Go&amp;quot; plus a direction. While &amp;quot;Go nuts&amp;quot; isn't about &amp;quot;going&amp;quot; at all. So sometimes it makes sense (at least for Russians) to merge two words into one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's take another example. &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Я повернул налево&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; (I turned left). Here &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;налево&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; (left) is a regular adverb. Yet the verb &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Повернуть&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; is still uses a prefix: &amp;quot;По&amp;quot; + &amp;quot;Вернуть&amp;quot;. That is &amp;quot;an incomplete action&amp;quot; + &amp;quot;one turnover&amp;quot; which gives just one regular turn in a grand total. It's fun that in English there's a prefix too although the other way round: &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;To Return&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; (&lt;em&gt;Вернуть&lt;/em&gt; in Russian) is formed like &lt;em&gt;Re&lt;/em&gt; + &lt;em&gt;Turn&lt;/em&gt; that is turning twice gives coming back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus there's nothing truly new in the concept of prefixes, and once you've got it, it helps much just like common prepositions, adverbs and conjunctions do. Though the flexibility is always a danger. Not all the couplings really make sense and combining them blindly is a way to play a fool. The most well-known joke about prefixed verbs is the word &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Недоперепить&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;. Could anyone translate it? :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-26T10:13:29.423" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="9362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9359" CreationDate="2015-08-03T09:08:09.697" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it's not correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where you probably got this from (at least it's the only possible source I can think of) is the way the concept of noun gender is introduced early on at Russian schools. Before schoolchildren know their way around the formal designations of &quot;masculine&quot;, &quot;feminine&quot;, and &quot;neuter&quot;, they're taught to check which form of &lt;strong&gt;он&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;мой&lt;/strong&gt; they would intuitively use with the noun in question. &lt;strong&gt;Он, мой дядя&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;она, моя соль&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;оно, моё такси&lt;/strong&gt; is a formula most people remember from school, and might occasionally still use as a quick colloquial way to refer to a noun's gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a bit of predictable randomness in that you've (presumably) heard it used with &lt;strong&gt;имя&lt;/strong&gt;, it being one of the ten surviving neuter nouns with that complicated paradigm that don't even look neuter. &lt;strong&gt;Оно, моё имя&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't mean &quot;it's my name&quot;; in fact, it barely means anything, much like &quot;I, me, mine&quot; or &quot;go, went, gone&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-08-03T09:08:09.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9349" CreationDate="2015-08-03T09:27:07.010" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Эта моя машина&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; literally translates as 'this/that car of mine' (like in the song title by Beach Boys) and doesn't make a complete sentence. In Russian it is mainly possible to say so in a situation of resuming an interrupted narrative with the teller's car already mentioned before. Then &quot;эта&quot; functions as a reminder of that car (эта ~ упомянутая мной) :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На чём я остановился - о машине своей говорил? Я вот что хотел рассказать. &lt;strong&gt;Эта моя машина&lt;/strong&gt; стояла тогда во дворе...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-08-03T09:27:07.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9359" CreationDate="2015-08-03T14:49:24.790" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, we never use &quot;It's my name&quot; neither in English, nor Russian when we are introducing ourselves.&#xA;To introduce yourself, you should say &quot;Меня зовут ...&quot;.&#xA;For example, &quot;Меня зовут Иван&quot; - &quot;I'm called Ivan&quot;(Means actually &quot;My name is Ivan&quot;, but we never use such in Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5824" LastActivityDate="2015-08-03T14:49:24.790" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9367" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9422" CreationDate="2015-08-03T22:20:45.540" Score="4" ViewCount="229" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, often if one digs deep enough one will find that every perfective verb in fact has an imperfective. Except, the problem is these imperfectness seem to be very old or don't exists at all anymore. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, will speakers of russian understand them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example let's take the verb жарить:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;изжаривать—изжарить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;зажаривать—зажарить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are the imperfectives used at all?—I've found them in dictionaries, but Russians tell me that they don't know of them. Why is this? Are they just very old? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every perfective verb I've ever learned has one of these imperfective if you look hard enough, which is logical, they should have one. How should I deal with this when I'm learning words? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2015-08-11T16:24:21.370" Title="Old, dead, or nonexistent?—imperfectives of some verbs" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9367" CreationDate="2015-08-03T23:14:47.453" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's talk specifically about examples you've provided. Both of these pairs are perfectly valid in Russian and the difference between them is pretty transparent for native speaker. The other thing is that &quot;изжаривать&quot; is used in practice in it reflexive form - &quot;изжариваться&quot; - and indeed is used more rarely (but still used) than other three forms.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So here are examples of word usage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Сколько же можно бесцельно изжариваться на солнце?&quot;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Чего ж ты так баклажаны-то изжарил, прямо до угля?&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Надо зажарить баклажаны, вот что!&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Сначала ты зажариваешь баклажаны на огне, а потом уже, на углях, готовишь мясо&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest analogy will be phrasal verbs in English. Some of them are used pretty often, some sound valid but are used rarely. Some are obsolete, some are just wrong. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, a friendly hint, you can just google all these words. It will give you some ideas on their usage. Also, there's a Google's Russian competitor, &lt;a href=&quot;https://yandex.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Yandex&lt;/a&gt;, which quite often is a better option for searching Russian words.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2015-08-11T16:24:21.370" LastActivityDate="2015-08-11T16:24:21.370" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9369" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9372" CreationDate="2015-08-04T04:52:07.363" Score="8" ViewCount="1374" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a word &quot;исполнитель&quot; for &quot;a doer&quot; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We say &quot;a don'ter&quot; if the person moans about what he wants but never actually does anything to achieve it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is an expression &quot;не исполнитель&quot; for &quot;a don'ter&quot; correct to say? Or is there a regular word in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5826" LastActivityDate="2015-08-04T12:47:52.173" Title="How to say &quot;a don'ter&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9370" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9369" CreationDate="2015-08-04T05:15:19.243" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no word which is a good fit in 100% of cases. Though &quot;&lt;strong&gt;нытик&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is pretty close. &quot;Да он только ноет&quot; is said about somebody who complains a lot but does not make any real attempt to change the situation. So, from the verb &quot;ныть&quot; (to whine) there colloquial noun &quot;нытик&quot; is derived.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's quote from article about нытик's:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он – нытик! Это почти приговор. Дело в том, что мужчина-нытик вызывает&#xA;  куда большее отторжение, чем постоянно причитающая женщина. У кого&#xA;  вызывает? Да у любого встречного, не говоря уже о близких.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some context word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;тряпка&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; will be relevant. &quot;Тряпка&quot; (literally a &quot;rag&quot;) is person who is to weak and coward to act like a &quot;real man&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Somewhere close but definitely not a sinonym is a word (with a subtle tint of criminal slang) &quot;терпила&quot;. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Терпила&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is somebody who can not stand for himself. In real criminal slang it was a word to call some special sort of victims but now it is used in a more general way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-08-04T05:32:47.617" LastActivityDate="2015-08-04T05:32:47.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9357" CreationDate="2015-08-04T05:19:13.453" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question is not that simple. The &quot;Introduction to Common Syntax&quot; of Tyestyelec has half of the fifth (or maybe sixth, I'm not sure) chapter about such things. &quot;Себя&quot; and &quot;свой&quot; inside the infinitive clause correspond to the zero-subject of the infinitive clause, which doesn't have to correspond to the subject but can also correspond to other objects of the main verb in certain situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentence &quot;даёт ей немного привыкнуть к себе&quot; can therefore mean &quot;к ней же&quot;, and it is semantics not syntax that stops us from such an understanding in usual situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2015-08-04T05:19:13.453" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9369" CreationDate="2015-08-04T05:19:34.127" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Неисполнитель&quot; doesn't mean anything interesting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd choose the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Пустомеля&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; here. It's composed of the words &quot;Void&quot; and &quot;Grind&quot;. &quot;To grind with a tongue&quot; is a Russian idiom for stupid chatting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Unlike &quot;Don'ter&quot; which seems to be quite modern, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Пустомеля&lt;/em&gt;&quot; looks like a comer from &quot;Good Ol' Times&quot; (although the word is really nice). There are other variants: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Пустослов&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (Void + Word; more neutral like &quot;Babbler&quot;); &quot;&lt;em&gt;Пустобрёх&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (Void + Bark, Lie; sounds a bit ruder); and even &quot;&lt;em&gt;Фуфло&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (criminal jargon, very rude).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-08-04T05:34:37.680" LastActivityDate="2015-08-04T05:34:37.680" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9369" CreationDate="2015-08-04T08:58:06.627" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the &quot;исполнитель&quot;, it is a kind of doer that does something that someone else (manager) tell him to do.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Person, that does what &lt;em&gt;he/she&lt;/em&gt; wants would be called &quot;деятельный человек (деятельная женщина)&quot; or &quot;созидатель(созидательница)&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There is also word &quot;деятель&quot;, but it mostly used for political/art/science/whatever figures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5454" LastActivityDate="2015-08-04T08:58:06.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9369" CreationDate="2015-08-04T09:05:40.503" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Don%27t-er&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Urban Dictionary&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't-er&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;A person that always says &lt;em&gt;I don't... I can't... Maybe...&lt;/em&gt; contradict, hesitate. A person that's going against his will not doing of what he is capable to do!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is NOT a &amp;quot;пустомеля&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ПУСТОМЕ́ЛЯ&lt;/strong&gt;, пустомели, мн. и, пустомелей, муж. и жен. (разг. фам.). Болтун, человек, любящий говорить, болтать, молоть пустое, вздор.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пустомеля is a person that likes to talk a lot, and not a person that says &amp;quot;I don't, I can't...&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Слабак&lt;/strong&gt; is a good translation for &amp;quot;don't-er&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слабый физически или слабовольный, малодушный человек. Выглядеть слабаком. Казаться слабаком. Парень оказался слабаком. Приятель твой с. Ты с. по сравнению с братом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a person that is physically weak or has weak will, etc. So he possibly often uses &amp;quot;I don't, I can't...&amp;quot; in his speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a bunch of synonyms for such person:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;НЫ́ТИК&lt;/strong&gt;, -а, муж. (разг.). Ноющий, всегда чем-н. недовольный человек. Словарь Ожегова&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нюня&lt;/strong&gt;. Плаксивый, бесхарактерный человек. «Все оттого, что я слишком их избаловал, что я нюня, тряпка, баба.» Чехов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And also others: размазня, мямля, рохля, недотепа, слюнтяй&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-08-04T09:05:40.503" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9369" CreationDate="2015-08-04T12:47:52.173" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use the word бездельник (don'ter who is actually okay with himself doing nothing) or even дармоед (literally a person, who &quot;eats his food&quot; with the rest of collective without a contribution to the collective's work), depending on a context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5830" LastActivityDate="2015-08-04T12:47:52.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9377" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-05T00:20:49.853" Score="4" ViewCount="266" Body="&lt;p&gt;Specifically if 2 people were negotiating a deal and it was almost agreed upon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then side 1 started demanding to add a detail in the deal and side 2 was refusing this addition. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then the side 1 said in writing &lt;strong&gt;если да то да, а если нет то нет&lt;/strong&gt; and that they do not understand why side 2 was refusing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What did side 1 mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If side 2 does not agree to the detail then side 1 will not make the deal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If side 2 will not agree then side 1 will still make the deal.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Something else.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5832" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T09:19:41.093" LastActivityDate="2015-08-09T13:25:34.800" Title="Meaning of the saying &quot;если да то да, а если нет то нет&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;saying&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9377" CreationDate="2015-08-05T00:51:28.150" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, &quot;если да - то да, если не нет - то нет&quot; means basically that all negotiations are done and no more bargaining is accepted. All the sides of negotiations should stick with what they currently have agreement upon. If somebody still believes that something should be changed, then no deal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it is #1 in your classification. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not a high style official business slang though. It sound like somebody was pretty fed up with negotiations ;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it worth to mention that the phrase &quot;да - да, нет - нет&quot; is actually Biblical, though is used in different context. It is from the Gospel of Matthew:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Но да будет слово ваше: «да, да», «нет, нет»; а что сверх этого, то&#xA;  от лукавого»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is what Jesus encouraged people to do - instead of making lenghty promises and obligations. Here's the English version of that excerpt:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nor shall you make an oath by your head, for you cannot make one hair&#xA;  white or black. But let your statement be, 'Yes, yes ' or 'No, no';&#xA;  anything beyond these is of evil.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T08:10:00.477" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T08:10:00.477" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9377" CreationDate="2015-08-05T04:36:30.347" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I should only add that some kind of bargaining in business is always acceptable. And although this phrase, while being highly emotional, strictly means that no further negotiations are accepted and the deal is only possible under the current conditions, in practice, it may rather mean that one side believes that the other side is seeking to change the &lt;em&gt;essential&lt;/em&gt; conditions which is inappropriate. Anyway, the further negotiations are put under risk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T04:36:30.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="208" CreationDate="2015-08-05T09:55:43.383" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most Russian-spesker understand Ukranian. I do. &#xA;But just a small part can write.&#xA;It's about classic Ukrainian, western one.&#xA;So-calles &quot;суржик&quot; (surzhik, eastern ukrainian coine) is much closer to Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5448" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T09:55:43.383" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9381" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9383" CreationDate="2015-08-05T12:27:21.210" Score="3" ViewCount="1152" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я начал молиться – не вслух, а так, про себя, будто разговаривая с непонятным мне существом, что смотрит за всеми нами и определяет жизнь каждого – от &lt;strong&gt;самых лучших&lt;/strong&gt;, вроде Кати и моего отца, до свинарей, которых я ненавидел, но теперь, уже в кабине самолёта готовясь покинуть их, почти любил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как понимать сочетание &lt;strong&gt;самый лучший&lt;/strong&gt;? Может &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... from the &lt;strong&gt;very best&lt;/strong&gt; ones, such as ... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T22:28:40.790" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T22:23:43.310" Title="Двойная превосходная степень - можно ли сказать &quot;самый лучший&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9382" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9386" CreationDate="2015-08-05T12:40:36.467" Score="1" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Станция &quot;Площадь Победы&quot; лежала перед нами, и я чувствовал себя Колумбом, достигшим Америки. Ну ладно, сбавил я, одним из членов Колумбова экипажа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что это за слово &lt;em&gt;Колумбова&lt;/em&gt;? Это не прилагательное, потому что оно кончалось бы тогда на -ого&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T22:27:36.867" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T22:27:36.867" Title="&quot;Колумбова&quot; как производная от слова &quot;Колумб&quot;" Tags="&lt;слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9381" CreationDate="2015-08-05T12:41:39.697" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Грамота.ру &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search-answer/?s=%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot;&gt;пишет&lt;/a&gt; о двойной превосходной степени: «Это допустимое сочетание для разговорной речи, в ситуации непринужденного общения. Но в образцовой литературной речи его лучше избегать».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И, конечно же, &lt;strong&gt;the very best&lt;/strong&gt; – это правильная интерпретация выражения &lt;strong&gt;самый лучший&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T12:41:39.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9384" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9392" CreationDate="2015-08-05T12:48:14.513" Score="2" ViewCount="7381" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На «Автово» сумасшедший дом. Или был сумасшедший дом но с этой станцией вовсе ничего до конца не поймёшь. Только перед «Автово» ещё и «Кировский завод», а там есть «Кировская бригада», с которой не шути. Они безо всяких псов порвут, как Тузик &lt;strong&gt;грелку&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я бы это перевел&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They will catch you without any dogs, just as (a dog's name) would catch a hot bottle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но этот перевод не имеет смысла. Как это правильно понять?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T22:28:11.750" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T22:28:11.750" Title="Значение выражения &quot;как Тузик грелку&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9385" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9388" CreationDate="2015-08-05T12:59:37.380" Score="2" ViewCount="356" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но как-то разбрасываться таким знакомством нам не приходилось. Живой человек, к нам расположенный, и не мутант – это &lt;strong&gt;дорогого&lt;/strong&gt; стоит в чужом городе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему здесь используется родительный падеж? Я не вижу ничего, к чему он мог бы относиться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T13:34:43.590" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T23:22:08.423" Title="Странная форма прилагательного &quot;дорогой&quot;" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9382" CreationDate="2015-08-05T13:01:46.513" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Колумбов&lt;/strong&gt; – это, конечно же, прилагательное, &lt;a href=&quot;http://russkiyyazik.ru/721/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;притяжательное прилагательное&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; – разряд прилагательных, выражающих принадлежность чего-либо лицу или животному (отцовы сапоги, волчья нора), образуются с помощью суффиксов -ов(-ев), -ин, -ий. О значении и употреблении притяжательных прилагательных можно &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/58.htm#%D0%B7_04&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;почитать у Розенталя&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T13:01:46.513" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9387" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9389" CreationDate="2015-08-05T13:06:38.490" Score="4" ViewCount="402" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Семецкий, чуя, что дело пахнет &lt;strong&gt;жареным&lt;/strong&gt;, сказал, что будет спать в дальней комнате, потому что оттуда лучше вид. Вид, как же! Поверил я в этот вид, наверняка он просто рассчитывал удрать, спрыгнув вниз, на ржавые крыши пристроек. Будь моя воля, я посоветовал бы ему это сделать, не дожидаясь оказии, просто так, профилактически. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Значит ли в этом контексте слово &lt;strong&gt;жареный&lt;/strong&gt; то же, что &lt;strong&gt;опасный&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T22:29:32.097" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T22:29:32.097" Title="Синонимичны ли контекстуально слова &quot;жареный&quot; и &quot;опасный&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;&lt;контекст&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9385" CreationDate="2015-08-05T13:20:04.127" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Стоить&lt;/strong&gt; может управлять винительным падежом, «стоит &lt;strong&gt;одну копейку&lt;/strong&gt;», но может управлять и родительным, когда речь идёт не о денежной стоимости, а о ценности, важности, т. е. в переносном значении: «Это стоило ему &lt;strong&gt;многих усилий&lt;/strong&gt;». В выражении &lt;code&gt;дорогого стоит&lt;/code&gt; «дорогое» значит «что-то дорогое», и может, в принципе, относиться к чему угодно, в зависимости от контекста, но вообще-то это цельная фразеологическая единица, которая значит «&lt;strong&gt;имеет большую ценность&lt;/strong&gt;»:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но материнское сердце дорогого стоит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Красивая улыбка дорогого стоит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мало слово, но дорогого стоит! (пословица)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T13:20:04.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9387" CreationDate="2015-08-05T13:26:41.180" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[Дело] пахнет/запахло жареным&lt;/strong&gt; – это фразеологизм, который означает «опасно, рискованно», синонимы: &lt;em&gt;пахнет порохом&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;пахнет керосином&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;пахнет палёным&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T13:26:41.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9384" CreationDate="2015-08-05T13:29:05.863" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;как Тузик грелку&quot; — значит &quot;на мелкие клочки&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Возможное переводы:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;They will&lt;br&gt;&#xA;make mincemeat of you/&lt;br&gt;&#xA;tear you apart/&lt;br&gt;&#xA;wipe the floor with you/&lt;br&gt;&#xA;shred you into pieces&lt;br&gt;&#xA;without any dogs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Upd&lt;/em&gt;. Меня сейчас озарило. Собаки здесь не причем!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They will make mincemeat of you without any mincer.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They will shred you into pieces without any shredder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5454" LastEditorUserId="5454" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T19:42:54.490" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T19:42:54.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9387" CreationDate="2015-08-05T14:41:01.670" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;запахло жареным&#xA;• ПАХНЕТ/ЗАПАХЛО ЖАРЕНЫМ highly coll&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;[VP; impers]&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;sth. promises profit:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it (sth.) smells of money;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;there's money to be made.&#xA;♦ У этого спекулянта большие связи, он всегда знает, где пахнет жареным. This speculator has good connections and always knows where there's money to be made.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Also: ПАХНЕТ/ЗАПАХЛО ПАЛЕНЫМ highly coll danger from or punishment for some wrongdoing, illegal actions etc is imminent:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;one smells trouble (coming);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;there's danger in the air;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it looks like they've got me (you etc );&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it looks like the jig is up.&#xA;♦ &quot;Так, - сказал Губошлёп, не утрачивая своей загадочной весёлости. - Что-то палёным пахнет&quot; (Шукшин 1). &quot;Damn,&quot; said Fat Lip, without losing his enigmatic gaiety. &quot;It looks like they've got us&quot; (1a).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В данном контексте речь идёт о грозящей Семецкому ОПАСНОСТИ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this context we are talking about DANGER.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T14:52:46.147" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T14:52:46.147" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9384" CreationDate="2015-08-05T16:03:13.993" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это образное выражение означает, что кто-то (они, он, она) очень легко и быстро с кем-то ( с ними, с ним, с ней) совершит расправу, уничтожит. И сделает это так же легко и быстро, как собака порвёт на части медицинскую резиновую ёмкость для горячей воды, которую в России называют &quot;грелка&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эти слова не всегда являются грубой угрозой, довольно часто они имеют грубовато-иронический смысл.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This figurative expression means that someone (they, he, she) is very easy and fast with someone (them, him, her) to commit to kill, to destroy. And to make it as easy and fast as a dog will tear to pieces medical rubber hot water tank, which in Russia are called &quot;грелка&quot;.&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These words are not always rude threat, they are often crudely ironic sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T16:18:19.367" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T16:18:19.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9384" CreationDate="2015-08-05T16:22:39.960" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вообще, выражение выглядит неоднозначным, так как грелки обычно делаются из довольно плотной резины, так что далеко не всякий &quot;тузик&quot; их способен порвать. Так что иногда употребляется вариант: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Порвать как тузик тряпку&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, что должно быть несколько более понятно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примерно то же самое означает и &quot;Порвать на британский флаг&quot; (to tear in pieces like Union Jack). Просто современный жаргон.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T16:22:39.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9385" CreationDate="2015-08-05T16:34:53.437" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Русско-английский перевод &lt;code&gt;дорогого стоит&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Дорого стоит&lt;/code&gt; употребляется в том числе в ироническом и даже саркастическом контексте it's worth a lot/a great deal; it's worth its weight in gold ( более вычурно ) Подарок Лужкова дорогого стоит («Новые Известия»). - Luzhkov's gift comes at a price.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Русско-Английский словарь общей тематики.       Russian-English dictionary of general subjects. 2012&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-08-05T23:22:08.423" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T23:22:08.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9382" CreationDate="2015-08-05T19:03:30.063" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это все-таки прилагательное, просто родительный и дательный падеж в мужском и среднем роде у него &lt;strong&gt;Колумбова&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;Колумбову&lt;/strong&gt;, соответственно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В то же время притяжательные на &lt;strong&gt;-ин&lt;/strong&gt; склоняются вполне «прилагательно»: &lt;strong&gt;маминого&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;маминому&lt;/strong&gt;, а не &lt;em&gt;*мамина&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;*мамину&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Объясняется это, видимо, тем, что с притяжательными прилагательными &lt;em&gt;-jь&lt;/em&gt; в праславянском не сочеталось (что видно по исходным формам), поэтому склонение по образцу прилагательных возникло позже, по аналогии, которая осталась неполной. По тому, как ведут себя притяжательные прилагательные в польском, сложно об этом догадаться — однако же, например, в чешском (где склонение очень консервативно) «существительных» окончаний гораздо больше, чем в русском:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kolumbov&lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; mořsk&lt;strong&gt;á&lt;/strong&gt; výprav&lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;em&gt;(экспедиция)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kolumbov&lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt; mořsk&lt;strong&gt;é&lt;/strong&gt; výprav&lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kolumbov&lt;strong&gt;ě&lt;/strong&gt; mořsk&lt;strong&gt;é&lt;/strong&gt; výprav&lt;strong&gt;ě&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;o Kolumbov&lt;strong&gt;ě&lt;/strong&gt; slavn&lt;strong&gt;ém&lt;/strong&gt; objev&lt;strong&gt;u&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(открытии)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T19:09:43.907" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9385" CreationDate="2015-08-05T19:08:02.290" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;В данном случае употреблён распространённый, но вызывающий некоторые споры словесный штамп (&quot;дорогого стоит&quot;), который не нарушает падежных правил (родительный падеж уместен), но которому говорящие не придают буквального смысла. Его используют как идиому, обозначающую, что упомянутое перед этим событие (чей-то благородный поступок, похвала со стороны известного человека, чья-то оговорка с саморазоблачением и т.п.) о многом говорит или имеет особое значение. Буквальный же смысл предложения состоит в сопоставлении названного (здесь - того, что нашёлся благожелательно настроенный человек) с тем, что за это можно было бы без сожаления отдать в тех условиях (здесь - &quot;нечто дорогое&quot;) - настолько наличие такого человека полезно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример аналогичного использования родительного падежа в простейшей ситуации: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;купленный предмет (не) стоит заплаченных за него денег&quot;.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример классической поговорки с родительным падежом: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Игра не стоит свеч&quot; &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(буквальный смысл: на свечи потратиться придётся, а выигрыш в карты этого не окупит; переносный смысл - &quot;за это дело браться невыгодно&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-08-05T19:08:02.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9381" CreationDate="2015-08-06T16:45:38.157" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правило, такие конструкции тавтологичны, например, нельзя без иронии сказать &quot;самый прекрасный&quot; (прилагательное и без того выражает предельную степень). Но выражение &quot;самый лучший&quot; употребляется широко и не только в разговорной речи. В пользу его допустимости говорит и то, что в другом контексте &quot;лучший&quot; может означать сравнительную степень (лучше названного перед этим, напр. &quot;есть лучший способ&quot;) или подразумевать относительность (лучший в ограниченном кругу сопоставляемого), а &quot;самый лучший&quot; такое понимание сразу исключает, добавляя ясности. Однако было бы бессмысленно рассуждать о том, что одно &quot;прекрасно&quot;, но другое &quot;прекраснее&quot; его или что оно &quot;самое прекрасное&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-08-06T16:45:38.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9398" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-06T23:15:23.780" Score="2" ViewCount="271" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the west, it's called World War 2. For Russians, this is called the Great Patriotic War...but does this &lt;strong&gt;only&lt;/strong&gt; refer to the Eastern European Front 1941 Jun 22 to 1945 May 9?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Britain&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the Battle of Britain&lt;/a&gt;, for example, considered part of the Great Patriotic War? What about the Japanese Pacific theater? Do Russians have a term for WW2 that encompasses the greater global conflict?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, even closer, what about &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_War&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the Winter War&lt;/a&gt; (first war with Finland in 1939)? Or something like &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Khasan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the Battle of Lake Khasan&lt;/a&gt; that was at the Far East fighting the Japanese in 1938? Are these considered part of the Great Patriotic War?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(sorry I have no idea what tag to use so I just used &quot;nouns&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5691" LastActivityDate="2015-08-08T05:17:48.000" Title="Is the &quot;Great Patriotic War&quot; used only for the Eastern European Theater 1941 - 1945?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9399" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9398" CreationDate="2015-08-06T23:53:27.493" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term &quot;Великая Отечественная война&quot; (Great Patriotic War) refers only to the war between USSR and the Nazi Germany, together with it's European allies (fascist Italy, Romania etc.)  It started at June 22, 1941 and finished at May 9, 1945.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the answers are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In the west, it's called World War 2. For Russians, this is called the&#xA;  Great Patriotic War...but does this only refer to the Eastern European&#xA;  Front 1941 Jun 22 to 1945 May 9?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is the Battle of Britain, for example, considered part of the Great&#xA;  Patriotic War? What about the Japanese Pacific theater? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Or, even closer, what about the Winter War (first war with Finland in&#xA;  1939)? Or something like the Battle of Lake Khasan that was at the Far&#xA;  East fighting the Japanese in 1938? Are these considered part of the&#xA;  Great Patriotic War?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of these are not considered parts of the Great Patriotic War.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do Russians have a term for WW2 that encompasses the greater global conflict?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term is Вторая мировая война (World War II).  Why would somebody invent another term, if there is an internationally accepted one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="348" LastEditDate="2015-08-08T05:17:48.000" LastActivityDate="2015-08-08T05:17:48.000" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9400" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9401" CreationDate="2015-08-07T05:46:02.580" Score="2" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need a comma in these sentences?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Несмотря на&lt;/strong&gt; факт абсолютной незаконности присоединения Крыма &lt;strong&gt;Россией, факт&lt;/strong&gt; наличия неоднократных нарушений международного права со стороны Запада – ещё задолго до присоединения Крыма – по-прежнему остаётся фактом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Факт наличия неоднократных нарушений международного права со стороны Запада – ещё задолго до присоединения Крыма – по-прежнему остаётся &lt;strong&gt;фактом, несмотря на&lt;/strong&gt; факт абсолютной незаконности присоединения Крыма Россией.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes, then is it possible to explain why? After all, we don't seem to need commas with other prepositions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;На&lt;/strong&gt; вершине горы он казался ещё выше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сквозь&lt;/strong&gt; бурю мы не пойдём.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он взял больничный &lt;strong&gt;в связи с&lt;/strong&gt; плохим самочувствием. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="5600" LastEditDate="2015-08-09T06:11:10.403" LastActivityDate="2015-08-09T06:11:10.403" Title="Do I need a comma with the preposition 'несмотря на'?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9400" CreationDate="2015-08-07T06:04:19.483" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Gramota.ru &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search-answer/?s=%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%20%D0%BD%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;says&lt;/a&gt;: «Обороты «&lt;strong&gt;несмотря на&lt;/strong&gt; + существительное» обычно выделяются знаками препинания: &lt;em&gt;Как удвоить продажи, несмотря на кризис?&lt;/em&gt;»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Phrases '&lt;strong&gt;несмотря на&lt;/strong&gt; + noun' are usually separated with commas.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only explanation I can think of is that the preposition &lt;strong&gt;несмотря на&lt;/strong&gt; is formed from the verb смотреть, and the whole phrase &lt;strong&gt;несмотря на&lt;/strong&gt; + a noun looks very much like an adverbial participial phrase, деепричастный оборот, which is always singled out with commas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-08-07T06:04:19.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9398" CreationDate="2015-08-07T06:25:29.350" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Besides &quot;Great Patriotic War 1941-1945&quot; there is also &quot;Отечественная война 1812&quot; (i.e. &quot;Patriotic War 1812&quot;) which refers to the Frensch invasion of Russia (part of the Napoleonic Wars). Clearly, that is not a mere coincidence. And as the term &quot;Great Patriotic War 1941-1945&quot; doesn't include, say, Soviet-Japan war in August-Septemper 1945 (Manchuria, Korea, Sakhalin, Kuriles - part of WWII), likewise the term &quot;Patriotic War 1812&quot; doesn't include the Russian Campaign of 1813-1814 in Germany and France (part of the Napoleonic Wars) which directly followed the Napoleon's defeat in Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is the word &quot;Отечественная&quot; (Patriotic) here specifically mentions the general mobilization and a large-scale involvement of irregular guerilla troops in Russia. Hope that makes clear why the Battle of Britain can not be considered the part of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-08-07T06:25:29.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2987" CreationDate="2015-08-07T15:08:00.120" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Следует улавливать тонкую грань в использовании вариантов «нахуй» и «на хуй». Существует наречие «нахуй». Оно имеет смысл «зачем»/«прочь». Также есть одноимённое междометие, которое используется просто в качестве связки слов в предложении.&#xA;Надень шапку, нахуй, а то простудишься&#xA;В отличие от наречия, «на хуй» надо понимать буквально. В любом случае, существует проверочное слово «в жопу». Если сомневаетесь, как грамотно написать деловое письмо, замените «на хуй» на «в жопу». Если смысл не изменился, то надо писать раздельно. А если «нахуй» можно безболезненно удалить из текста, то пишется слитно и выделяется, нахуй, запятыми.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.to/%D0%9F%D0%9D%D0%A5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://lurkmore.to/%D0%9F%D0%9D%D0%A5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5843" LastActivityDate="2015-08-07T15:08:00.120" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9405" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-09T02:57:59.127" Score="6" ViewCount="257" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to learn russian, I would like to know what &quot;светло мне&quot; means. The complete phrase is: &quot;Даже тёмной ночью светло мне&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5848" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-08-11T16:57:54.920" LastActivityDate="2015-08-15T13:24:48.403" Title="What is the meaning of &quot;Светло мне&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9405" CreationDate="2015-08-09T07:58:50.257" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Светло&quot; itself is an impersonal construction in the line with &quot;Холодно&quot;, &quot;Сыро&quot;, &quot;Грязно&quot;, &quot;Жарко&quot; etc. Yet together with dative case it rather means &lt;em&gt;a particular person feels&lt;/em&gt; that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Плохо&quot; - It is bad&#xA;&quot;Ему плохо&quot; - He feels bad&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Мне светло&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is a kind of common poetical trope which even if may be read straight (Even in the dark night it's light to me) anyway sounds like &quot;&lt;em&gt;I feel peaceful&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or something like that. And one more &quot;musical&quot; example to show that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Отчего, отчего, отчего мне так светло,&#xA;Оттого, что ты идёшь по переулку.&#xA;...&#xA;Отчего, отчего, отчего так хорошо,&#xA;Оттого, что ты мне просто улыбнулась.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-08-09T09:36:15.803" LastActivityDate="2015-08-09T09:36:15.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9349" CreationDate="2015-08-09T09:10:55.157" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is in stress:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;This is my car&lt;/strong&gt; - &quot;&lt;em&gt;Это моя машина&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;This car is mine&lt;/strong&gt; - &quot;&lt;em&gt;Эта моя машина&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Usually we say: &quot;&lt;em&gt;эта машина - моя&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5850" LastActivityDate="2015-08-09T09:10:55.157" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9151" CreationDate="2015-08-09T09:38:29.553" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я говорю/пишу по-японски&lt;/em&gt; is literally translated as &quot;I speak/write in Japanese manner&quot;. This is historical phrase building.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You wouldn't say &quot;I listen/read in Japanese manner&quot;, and likewise you wouldn't say &quot;Я слушаю/читаю по-японски&quot;. Although this isn't a rude mistake. Most people wouldn't even notice if you said that in everyday life or interview. This is only important for books, publications etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The perfectly correct way is: &lt;em&gt;Я слушаю/читаю (what?) новости/журналы/передачи на японском языке.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is also correct: &lt;em&gt;Я читаю сидя/лежа.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Я слушаю [музыку/плеер/радио] находу.&lt;/em&gt; Why - because again, this describes in which manner you are doing things. You read (in which manner?) while you are running.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5849" LastActivityDate="2015-08-09T09:38:29.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9377" CreationDate="2015-08-09T13:08:42.350" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning may depend on the formality level of the conversation, though the very usage of it is quite informal already. While what @shabunc says may be true, this may also be a way to give a &lt;em&gt;carte blanche&lt;/em&gt;, so to speak. Even less formal form would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;да - так да, нет - так нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the full version of the phrase in this case is: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It would be nice if you agree, but if you don't, it's fine too (though I don't see why).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, since even native speakers seem to  be giving different interpretations, it won't hurt to ask for clarifications.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="649" LastEditorUserId="649" LastEditDate="2015-08-09T13:25:34.800" LastActivityDate="2015-08-09T13:25:34.800" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9405" CreationDate="2015-08-09T13:27:56.297" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Светло мне&quot; означает, что у этого человека &quot;светло на душе&quot;, то есть он испытывает чувство радости и душевный подъём даже тёмной ночью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Светло мне&quot; means that this person &quot;is light on the soul&quot;, that is, he feels a sense of joy and elation in the darkest of nights.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5582" LastEditDate="2015-08-15T13:24:48.403" LastActivityDate="2015-08-15T13:24:48.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9411" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-09T21:15:11.447" Score="1" ViewCount="402" Body="&lt;p&gt;right not I try to make the Russian course from RT and I guess they have some mistakes in there tasks and I ask you kindly if you could take a look at it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Task 4 - Number 1&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://learnrussian.rt.com/lessons/genitive-case-plural-quantity/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://learnrussian.rt.com/lessons/genitive-case-plural-quantity/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;У вас есть визы? У нас нет виз.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think &quot;ы&quot; is wrong because it is about more than one visa right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Task 3 - Number 8&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://learnrussian.rt.com/lessons/genitive-case-plural-quantity/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://learnrussian.rt.com/lessons/genitive-case-plural-quantity/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мы купили 5 машин. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my understanding they forgot to add the &quot;ы&quot; because the case is accusativ plural. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Task 3 - Number 8&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;&lt;em&gt;/lessons/nouns-adjectives-possessive-pronouns-plural/&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В России много красивых девушек.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I look into the dictionary the plural prepositional case of &quot;girl&quot; is девуш&lt;strong&gt;ках&lt;/strong&gt; so why did they девуш&lt;strong&gt;ек&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I appreciate your answers! Thanking you in advance!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5852" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-08-10T06:42:19.067" LastActivityDate="2015-08-10T08:17:20.640" Title="Possible mistakes in an russian online course. Could you proof-read it please?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2015-08-09T23:13:38.523" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9411" CreationDate="2015-08-09T21:37:32.647" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Task 4 - Number 1&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;У вас есть визы? у нас нет виз.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct. It is about more than one visa, so plural is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Task 3 - Number 8&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мы купили 5 машин. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct. Russian plurals are bit more complicated, than in english. Nouns have two plural forms, correct form depends on amount of items (two last digits in number):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Last digits                     form&#xA;01, 21, 31, ... 91              машина&#xA;02 - 04, 22 - 24, 32 - 34, ...  машины&#xA;05 - 20, 25 - 29, 35 - 39, ...  машин&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why? It's very long story...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Task 3 - Number 8&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В России много красивых девушек.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is genitive case, not prepositional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastEditorUserId="4481" LastEditDate="2015-08-10T08:17:20.640" LastActivityDate="2015-08-10T08:17:20.640" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9411" CreationDate="2015-08-09T21:37:58.880" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;All is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4-1. &quot;Визы&quot; is nominative plural here (coincides with both accusative plural and genitive singular); &quot;Виз&quot; is genitive plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3-8. This is due to dual vs plural historical difference. &quot;Две (три, четыре) машины&quot; but &quot;пять (шесть, семь, ..., двадцать) машин&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3-8. This is genitive not a prepositional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-08-09T21:54:36.013" LastActivityDate="2015-08-09T21:54:36.013" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9414" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-10T04:22:51.653" Score="1" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can someone give me a certain question? please?&#xA;I believe it's something like &quot;but he is not love back by nobody&quot;&#xA;But I'm not sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5415" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-08-12T14:33:43.017" LastActivityDate="2015-08-16T11:32:05.460" Title="&quot;Но не любил в ответ его никто&quot; what does this exactly mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9414" CreationDate="2015-08-10T06:06:50.930" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, lets try to change this sentence to &quot;default&quot; order of words.&#xA;(Current order is correct, it is just emphasizing one of words) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The subject is &quot;никто&quot; - &lt;em&gt;nobody&lt;/em&gt;. Subject should be in the nominative case.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The verb is &quot;не любил&quot; - &lt;em&gt;did not love&lt;/em&gt;. It is active case.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The verb has the direct object &quot;его&quot; - &lt;em&gt;him&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;did not love him&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And there is the adverbial phrase &quot;в ответ&quot; - &lt;em&gt;back&lt;/em&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We get&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но никто не любил его в ответ.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Nobody loved him back.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian has one more negation then English in sentences with negative pronouns, such as &lt;em&gt;nobody, nowhere, nothing&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Changing the order of words in Russian emphasizes some of them. It also can be used in poetry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но не любил в ответ его &lt;em&gt;никто&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(He loved and cared for a lot of people, but &lt;em&gt;nobody&lt;/em&gt; loved him back)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5454" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-08-11T13:15:35.193" LastActivityDate="2015-08-11T13:15:35.193" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9416" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9418" CreationDate="2015-08-10T10:17:39.000" Score="3" ViewCount="748" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been hearing often the phrase &quot;после сытного обеда по закону архимеда полагается поспать&quot;. I take that it is quite a familiar saying to most Russians. I wanted to find out more about this saying - where it is written by Archimedes, and why/how this saying became popular in Russia (if that is known). If anyone knows or can find, I would appreciate it. Google searches in Russian turn up blogs about food.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4865" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-08-11T01:59:03.693" LastActivityDate="2015-08-11T01:59:03.693" Title="Meaning and origin of &quot;после сытного обеда полагается поспать&quot;" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9416" CreationDate="2015-08-10T10:39:46.200" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's just a childish rhyme. Yet another variant &quot;&lt;em&gt;После сытного обеда вытри руки об соседа&lt;/em&gt;&quot; doesn't mention Archimedes at all. Both are quite old and it seems that no one remembers when they first appear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-08-10T10:39:46.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9416" CreationDate="2015-08-10T11:09:48.263" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это шутка. Архимед об обеде ничего не писал, такого &quot;закона Архимеда&quot; не существует.:) Просто имя Архимед хорошо рифмуется со словом &quot;обед&quot;. Это старый стишок, который довольно популярен в среде тинэйджеров.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a joke. Archimedes about a lunch wrote nothing, such &quot;Archimedes's law&quot; doesn't exist. :) Simply the name Archimedes in Russian is well rhymed with the word &quot;lunch&quot;. It is an old rhyme which is quite popular among teenagers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ещё один похожий стишок: &quot;После сытного обеда, по закону Архимеда, чтобы жиром не заплыть, полагается курить&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-08-10T12:15:45.093" LastActivityDate="2015-08-10T12:15:45.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9419" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9420" CreationDate="2015-08-11T01:40:25.107" Score="1" ViewCount="205" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was surprised to find another city with the -gorsk ending: Железногoрск (Zheleznogorsk), formerly known as Krasnoyarsk-26.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It sounded familiar, and I immediately looked up Iron (the metal), which is Железо. &lt;strong&gt;Notice there is no &quot;н&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why does it inflect this way when a city gets named after a metal? Are there special rules for naming cities like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW I also looked up &quot;Железно&quot; on Google Translate, and it said it means &quot;irons&quot;. This only confused me even more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5691" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-08-11T01:52:19.733" LastActivityDate="2015-08-15T03:20:31.043" Title="Why is there an &quot;н&quot; in &quot;Железногoрск&quot;?" Tags="&lt;toponyms&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9419" CreationDate="2015-08-11T01:58:27.303" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is derived not from noun &lt;code&gt;железо&lt;/code&gt; but from adjective &lt;code&gt;железный&lt;/code&gt;, so it's basically short form of &quot;Железная Гора&quot; - Iron Mountain. So, no mystery at all ;)&#xA;There's also such city as &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA&quot;&gt;Медногорск&lt;/a&gt; - &quot;Медная гора&quot;, which name follows the same pattern. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also it worth to know that in some toponyms &quot;-горск&quot; comes from &quot;гора&quot; and in some from &quot;город&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Железно&quot; has nothing to do with this, google translate just get it wrong. It is an interjection, colloquial and pretty rarely used synonym of &quot;exactly, precicesely, that's for sure&quot;. Sort of &quot;Ты уверен?&quot; - &quot;Железно&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-08-11T02:11:38.630" LastActivityDate="2015-08-11T02:11:38.630" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9419" CreationDate="2015-08-11T02:40:39.267" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Железно&quot; is the form used in forming compound nouns and adjectives. e.g, железнодорожник (n. railway worker); железнодорожный (adj. railway), as in  железнодорожный вокзал (railway station). Горск means 'settlement'. Many nouns have an adjectival form with 'н'. e.g., компьютер becomes компьютерный as in комрьютерная выставка; открытие компьютерную выставку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3847" LastEditorUserId="3847" LastEditDate="2015-08-15T03:20:31.043" LastActivityDate="2015-08-15T03:20:31.043" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9367" CreationDate="2015-08-11T13:51:48.747" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the provided example the imperfective forms of the verbs do exist, as confirmed by the dictionary entries. Those words are understood by the people in this forum.  Hence the only question is how often they are used.  One of the useful tools is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruscorpora.ru/ngram.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Corpus of Russian Language - Charts&lt;/a&gt;.  You can type a word in a form and look at how usage frequency changed over the last two hundred years.  This would be a more objective measure of how the word is used, rather then a personal opinion of an individual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruscorpora shows that the verb &quot;изжаривать&quot; (as oppose to &quot;изжарил&quot;) is not referenced by its database.  So even though this particular combination of prefix and root is possible and is understood, people do not find much use for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second example &quot;зажаривать&quot; has been used infrequently.  By using this form &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruscorpora.ru/search-main.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Corpus of Russian Language - Search&lt;/a&gt; you can see the snippets of text with examples of how this verb was used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2015-08-11T13:51:48.747" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9423" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9441" CreationDate="2015-08-12T20:21:05.163" Score="1" ViewCount="2231" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вы можете найти в интернете: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%83+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=машу+каслом+не+испортишь&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что это значит?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastActivityDate="2015-11-27T08:56:17.923" Title="Что значит &quot;машу каслом не испортишь&quot;?" Tags="&lt;фраза&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9423" CreationDate="2015-08-12T21:27:19.683" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;кашу маслом не испортишь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Толкование Перевод&#xA;1кашу маслом не испортишь &#xA;кашу (каши) маслом не испортишь&#xA;посл.&#xA;cf. never too much of a good thing; plenty is no plague; good counsel does no harm&#xA;Глумов. Я, кажется, в разговоре с ним пересолил немного... Ещё молод, увлекаюсь... Ну, да это не мешает, кашу маслом не испортишь. (А. Островский, На всякого мудреца довольно простоты) — Glumoy. Talking to him I laid it too thick, I reckon... Well, I am still young and easily carried away... No harm done, though. Never too much of a good thing.&#xA;Русско-английский фразеологический словарь&#xA;2кашу маслом не испортишь &#xA;• КАШУ &amp;lt;-и&gt; МАСЛОМ НЕ ИСПОРТИШЬ{{}}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;[saying]&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;⇒ sth. good or useful cannot be harmful, even in large amounts:&#xA;- - butter never spoils the porridge;&#xA;- you can't spoil porridge with butter;&#xA;- you can't have too much of a good thing.&#xA;     ♦ ...Товарищ Коба провозгласил первый тост: &quot;Дорогие друзья, - сказал он, - я пригласил вас сюда для того, чтобы... отметить самую короткую ночь...&quot; - &quot;Ура!&quot; - крикнул Вершилов. &quot;Не спеши, - поморщился Коба. - ...Я также хочу провозгласить тост за самого мудрого нашего деятеля...&quot; Вершилов на всякий случай хотел ещё раз крикнуть &quot;ура&quot;, зная, что каши маслом не испортишь, но товарищ Коба на этот раз успел плюнуть прямо в открытый для выкрика рот (Войнович 5). Comrade Koba proposed the first toast. &quot;Dear friends,&quot; he said, &quot;I invited you here to celebrate...the shortest night of the year. ...&quot; &quot;Hurrah!&quot; cried Vershilov. &quot;Not so fast,&quot; said Comrade Koba, knitting his brows... .I also want to propose a toast to our wisest statesman. ...&quot; Vershilov was about to shout &quot;Hurrah!&quot; just to be on the safe side, realizing that butter never spoils the porridge, but this time Comrade Koba managed to spit directly into Vershilov's open mouth (5a).&#xA;Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastActivityDate="2015-08-12T21:27:19.683" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9423" CreationDate="2015-08-13T06:45:39.963" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know why the answer of @Матвей Дёмин has gotten a downvote, but it is in essence right. There is an adage &quot;кашу маслом не испортишь&quot;, which means that something would be very useful (at least not harmful) in some situation, meal, product or whatever. It is usually used with a bit of humor. (Literally it says that you cannot make any harm to porridge with oil)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, recently a neighbor of mine asked me to print one text for him. As he is a retiree and has bad sight he needed a font to be large, but he had  not specified the size. So I printed with a size of 30, which is enormously large, and I could say in this case &quot;кашу маслом не испортишь&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you have provided slightly another words &quot;машу каслом не испортишь&quot;. This can be either an error, messing the first letters in the first two words, or (more likely) a deliberate pun. I see nothing funny in it without a context, but I can suppose that it is somehow related to some Masha (Маша), which is a female name. So it might be some situation where these word were used toward some girl, and they were supposed to be funny. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no word &quot;касло&quot;, so this phrase has no serious meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorUserId="179" LastEditDate="2015-08-13T06:54:30.280" LastActivityDate="2015-08-13T06:54:30.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9423" CreationDate="2015-08-13T09:00:23.650" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The origin. This is a slip-of-the-tongue expression from an anecdote. The reply to it was &quot;смотря каким каслом!&quot; (= depends on how good that &quot;касл&quot; is), as if the first phrase (which is a distorted version of the well-known proverb &quot;Кашу маслом не испортишь&quot; ~ 'It's never too much butter in porridge') had literally meant 'You can't make a woman of Masha using some non-existent &quot;касл&quot; thing'. The other person in their reply definitely meant something at a real man's disposal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, for proper understanding one needs to know the expression &quot;испортить девушку&quot; (to make a woman of a girl): the literal meaning of 'spoiling' here is that a girl would be a virgin no more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-08-13T09:38:04.760" LastActivityDate="2015-08-13T09:38:04.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9427" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9430" CreationDate="2015-08-13T16:19:52.197" Score="3" ViewCount="1745" Body="&lt;p&gt;Особый:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) а) Необычный, исключительный в каком-л. отношении.&#xA;  б) Не похожий на других; своеобразный.&#xA;  в) Отличный от других по степени проявления; значительный.&#xA;  2) Отдельный, особый&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Особенный:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) а) Необычный, исключительный. б) Не похожий на других; своеобразный. в) Отличный от других по степени проявления; заметный, значительный. 2) а) Отдельный, отличный от других. б) Специально для кого-л., для какой-л. цели предназначенный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Источник: словарь Ефремова&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это почти идентичные дефиниции. Есть ли какая-то разница между этими словами?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastActivityDate="2015-08-13T17:04:16.060" Title="Особый или особенный" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9289" CreationDate="2015-08-13T16:21:01.770" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Быть на верху блаженства&quot; - корявая фраза. &quot;Наверху блаженства&quot; не &quot;бывают&quot;, а пребывают. :) Типа &quot;Пребывал на верху блаженства&quot;. &#xA; В литературном произведениии, &quot;пребывание на верху блаженства&quot; обычно продолжается не долго, после чего следует &quot;холодный душ&quot; и низвержение в адский холод бренного существования.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5873" LastEditorUserId="5873" LastEditDate="2015-08-13T16:34:18.850" LastActivityDate="2015-08-13T16:34:18.850" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9427" CreationDate="2015-08-13T16:41:42.873" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Разница есть.&#xA; &quot;Особый&quot; - отдельный. Например: Особый отдел в оранизации, как правило секретный, с ограниченным доступом.&#xA; &quot;Особенный&quot; - отличающийся от других. Например: &quot;У ней особенная стать&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5873" LastActivityDate="2015-08-13T16:41:42.873" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9427" CreationDate="2015-08-13T17:04:16.060" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эти слова сильно различаются по области употребления.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Особенный&quot; относят, как правило, к индивидуальным сущностям (конкретный человек, предмет и т.п.) и это слово имеет субъективный, оценочный или эмоциональный оттенок. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Этот артист в театре особенный, он мне интереснее прочих.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Особый&quot; чаще всего указывает не на индивидуальные свойства предмета или явления, а на его классификационную принадлежность, отличающую его от предмета (явления) другой группы по каким-то признакам. Используется (в отличие от слова &quot;особенный&quot;) для образования формальных понятий (включая связанные с организационным &quot;обособлением&quot;) : &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;особый класс млекопитающих, особый вид сварки, особый отдел, &#xA;&#xA;особый случай, особо тяжкие преступления, особые полномочия и т.п.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-08-13T17:04:16.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9431" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9433" CreationDate="2015-08-13T19:49:03.993" Score="3" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это - отрывок из Гумилева.  Он находится в начале первой главы &quot;От Руси к России&quot;, в части &quot;Готы&quot;, в первом предложении, в последнем абзаце.  Полное предложение выглядит так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Могучее государство готов погибло, как это нередко бывало, из-за измены подданных и жестокости правителя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не понимаю, почему предложение построено таким образом.  То есть, словосочетание &quot;могучее государство&quot; - среднего рода, а &quot;готов&quot; - мужского.  Я написал бы &quot;могучее государство готово погибать...&quot;. Возможно, я не понимаю смысл.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Объясните, пожалуйста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5874" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2015-08-15T15:40:23.420" LastActivityDate="2015-08-15T15:40:23.420" Title="Могучее государство готов погибло" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9432" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9435" CreationDate="2015-08-13T19:55:57.810" Score="2" ViewCount="1393" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мы прочитали эту пословицу вчера.  Дочка хотела узнать значение.  Я сказал, что первый язык то, с которым вкусить.  Есть ли второе значение, нечто более глубоко?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5874" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-12-20T15:02:24.577" LastActivityDate="2016-12-20T15:02:24.577" Title="Пословица &quot;Грамота - второй язык&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9431" CreationDate="2015-08-13T19:59:03.223" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Дело в том, что &quot;го́тов&quot; в данном случае - это существительное во множественном числе родительном падеже, ударение падает на первый слог. &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B&quot;&gt;Го́ты&lt;/a&gt;&quot; это название древнего германского народа.                               &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastEditorUserId="5454" LastEditDate="2015-08-14T19:59:42.757" LastActivityDate="2015-08-14T19:59:42.757" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9434" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9432" CreationDate="2015-08-13T20:16:42.423" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я думаю, что эта пословица о том, что иногда бывает сложно понять неграмотного человека. С одной стороны мы говорим на одном и том же языке, но его неграмотность равносильна тому, как если бы мы говорили на разных языках. В этом смысле овладевание грамотностью сравнимо с изучением нового &quot;второго&quot; языка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastActivityDate="2015-08-13T20:16:42.423" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9432" CreationDate="2015-08-14T00:05:36.273" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть две вещи: (1) устная речь; и (2) письменная словесность.&#xA;Грамота, это умение создать вторую вещь, письменную словесность. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Грамотей есть тот, кто грамотно &lt;em&gt;пишет.&lt;/em&gt; Учиться грамоте значит изучать, как можно устную речь (1) записать в письменном виде (2). Способ письма определён через различные начертания букв, например, через прописные, заглавные, строчные, печатные и т.д. Буква в ее конкретном начертании называется по-русски литера (from Latin &lt;em&gt;littera&lt;/em&gt; (also &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;litera&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;) &quot;graphic symbol, alphabetic sign of the alphabet&quot;). Отсюда, очень легко запомнить перевод: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  Грамота = literacy&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Устная речь&lt;/em&gt; есть понятие более общее, чем понятие &lt;em&gt;язык.&lt;/em&gt;  Можно знать свой родной язык (the mother tongue), &lt;strong&gt;это первый язык,&lt;/strong&gt; и еще иностранные языки (foreign languages), и говорить на разных языках в нашей устной речи. Тот первый из иностранных языков, который по счёту станет &lt;strong&gt;вторым языком,&lt;/strong&gt; изучать всегда трудно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если мы теперь приравняем по трудности, по полезности, по затратам времени изучение нашего первого иностранного языка &lt;strong&gt;(второго языка)&lt;/strong&gt; к изучению письменной словесности на своём родном языке, то есть, &lt;strong&gt;приравняем к грамоте,&lt;/strong&gt; то мы и получим предложение:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  “Грамота — второй язык”&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно заметить, что латинский язык остался только в виде одной своей половины, письменного языка, письменной словесности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В пословице смысл слова &lt;em&gt;грамота&lt;/em&gt; переносится на словосочетание &lt;em&gt;&quot;словесная письменность&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, а  смысл &lt;em&gt;&quot;равный в изучении с иностранным языком&quot;&lt;/em&gt; — на словосочетание &lt;em&gt;&quot;второй язык,&quot;&lt;/em&gt; и они успешно приравниваются в записи пословицы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы говорим: оба слова, &lt;em&gt;грамота&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;язык,&lt;/em&gt; использованы в переносном смысле. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Первые значения для слов пословицы, взятые из словаря, не годятся для выяснения смысла пословицы, как говорят в математике, здесь термины с разными объемами понятия (с разными смыслами), поэтому просто так их приравнять нельзя. Это не тождество, выраженное через тире &quot;—&quot;, а уравнение, в котором нужно найти решение.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-08-14T00:05:36.273" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9436" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9437" CreationDate="2015-08-14T03:47:06.977" Score="4" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm translating this into Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Let us continue this discussion in chat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and considering three options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;This one seems more logical to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Предлагаю вам продолжить обсуждение в чате.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;This one emphasizes that I will also participate. But it sounds more like commercialese speech (канцелярит).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Предлагаю нам продолжить обсуждение в чате.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Same friendliness, plus a clue about site mechanics, which allows copying all the comments into the newly created chat. What do you think of this one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давайте перенесём обсуждение в чат.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there other nuances? What should I use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The context is StackExchange site interface, as you may have guessed already. Here's the original question: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.meta.stackoverflow.com/q/1021/181472&quot;&gt;https://ru.meta.stackoverflow.com/q/1021/181472&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5582" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-03-16T15:05:56.023" LastActivityDate="2015-08-14T15:07:49.410" Title="Предлагаю нам или вам?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;стиль&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9436" CreationDate="2015-08-14T05:08:26.987" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your first version sounds more natural than the second one: it's better to avoid expressions literally offering something to yourself (нам -&gt; 'both of you' includes yourself). However, it is possible to use &quot;нам с вами&quot; instead of &quot;нам&quot;, then it would sound more like 'I suggest that you and I continue...' But a more exact translation is possible here (it also sounds slightly less formal):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Давайте продолжим обсуждение в чате.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-08-14T05:53:46.793" LastActivityDate="2015-08-14T05:53:46.793" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9436" CreationDate="2015-08-14T05:13:55.190" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is pretty similar to difference between English &quot;Let's move this discusssion to chat&quot; (~&quot;нам&quot; form) and &quot;I'd like to suggest you...&quot; (~&quot;вам&quot; form). I'd rather disagree with @Alex_ander. To me &quot;предлагаю нам&quot; in this context sounds slightly more friendly and definitely less official than &quot;предлагаю вам&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though this is definitely very personal and I can imagine a lot of native speakers who will tend to agree with Alex_ander and equally - with me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2015-08-14T05:13:55.190" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9436" CreationDate="2015-08-14T07:51:54.147" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Предлагаю вам продолжить обсуждение в чате.&quot; Так может сказать модератор форума, заставляя юзеров покинуть форум и продолжить обсуждать оффтопик в чате.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Предлагаю нам продолжить обсуждение в чате.&quot; - если собираетесь принять участие в этом обсуждении.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5873" LastActivityDate="2015-08-14T07:51:54.147" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9423" CreationDate="2015-08-14T17:09:14.920" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ну изначально, &quot;кашу маслом не испортишь&quot;, ну а смысл прост..... Кашу не возможно испортить маслом, это знают все:-) но есть другие примеры, когда добавление компонента или действия не повредит. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5877" LastActivityDate="2015-08-14T17:09:14.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9443" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-15T03:21:10.557" Score="2" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can anyone clarify the uses of these cases in Russian? (Sorry if this area is for more advanced questions, I am new here!). Also I have studied Latin and have knowledge of its case system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is genitive always used after &quot;из&quot; ? (ex &quot;я из америки&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is the genitive used in &quot;Мне бы хотелось чая&quot; ? If I understand properly this means &quot;I would like some tea&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also are instrumental and prepositional analogous to ablative in Latin? (I know accusative is also used after certain prepositions in Latin).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5878" LastActivityDate="2015-08-15T03:21:10.557" Title="Use of genitive, prepositional, and instrumental cases in Russian" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-08-15T04:06:42.953" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9444" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9423" CreationDate="2015-08-15T13:44:29.523" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A proverb (&lt;strong&gt;кашу маслом не испортишь&lt;/strong&gt;) spoonerised, yielding &lt;em&gt;Маша&lt;/em&gt; and the non-word &lt;em&gt;касло&lt;/em&gt;; however, given the presence of a female name and the verb &lt;em&gt;испортить&lt;/em&gt;, the whole thing defaults to innuendo so that all manner of frivolous meanings could be read into &lt;em&gt;касло&lt;/em&gt; (which, I should stress, doesn't &quot;sound like anything&quot; per se).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not a terribly intelligent piece of humour, I'm afraid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-08-15T13:44:29.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9445" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9486" CreationDate="2015-08-15T21:38:48.813" Score="4" ViewCount="10365" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe, где is where? and куда is like, to where? or something like that&#xA;I am not sure D:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5415" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-08-17T01:43:52.057" LastActivityDate="2015-08-22T04:30:21.157" Title="Difference between &quot;где&quot; and &quot;куда&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9446" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9450" CreationDate="2015-08-15T21:45:50.620" Score="3" ViewCount="283" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, I like to watch the Easy Languages videos whenever they get uploaded, and a new one came out yesturday. I can understand almost all the video, except the very beginning. This guy is explaining his most crazy thing that he has ever done, and he says this to start, &quot;И самым безумным моим поступком является то, что...&quot; This phrase makes no sense to me because a) Why the instrumental case? b) why use &quot;является&quot;? and c) Why &quot;то, что&quot; instead of just simply &quot;что&quot;? If someone could just explain this to me, that would be great!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4925" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-08-16T04:40:39.227" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T06:05:27.567" Title="&quot;И самым безумным моим поступком&quot; - why instrumental case?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9446" CreationDate="2015-08-16T00:05:35.517" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;a) Because &lt;em&gt;является&lt;/em&gt;. If this is your first encounter with instrumental being used to describe thing A being thing B, take my word for it that it won't be your last.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) &lt;strong&gt;Является&lt;/strong&gt; is basically &quot;is&quot;. But yes, it's a little surprising in such an informal context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c) It gets worse, I would've used &lt;strong&gt;то, как&lt;/strong&gt;. Just &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt; would definitely be wrong here, because the whole clause that follows is technically the subject of the one with &lt;em&gt;является&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-08-16T00:05:35.517" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9445" CreationDate="2015-08-16T00:09:56.083" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;ГДЕ = &quot;Where&quot; (the location) Где яблоко? (where is the apple?—in what location&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;КУДА = &quot;To where&quot; Куда ты положил яблоко? —where (to where) did you put the apple?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English we have only &quot;where&quot;, which can mean (to where (the action)) and (where(the location)). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2015-08-16T00:09:56.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9449" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9446" CreationDate="2015-08-16T01:24:26.183" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;являться — can mean something close to &quot;to appear as&quot; —&quot;was as x&quot; &quot;appeared in the image of x&quot;. Remember that the verb pair &quot;появляться-появиться&quot; does actually mean that something appeared. But with &quot;являться&quot; &lt;strong&gt;in this case&lt;/strong&gt; we are saying that some object &quot;x&quot; appeared as &quot;y&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I find that as a native speaker the word &lt;strong&gt;&quot;as&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; helps one to understand the instrumental case better. We can say &quot;he was as his sister&quot; meaning he was like his sister, but the word &quot;as&quot; adds more a flavor of existing and taking on all the properties of the other thing (the sister).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whenever we say that something exists, will exist, or existed as something, the instrumental is used. But in short, just remember that the instrumental is always used after this verb. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2015-08-16T01:24:26.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9446" CreationDate="2015-08-16T06:22:14.910" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, this sentence is not an example of &quot;good&quot; Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The instrumental case is used properly. Here we have a compound nominal predicate (&quot;является моим самым безумным поступком&quot;). In Russian when the noun is a predicative then it becomes the instrumental case, except only the present tense with the verb &quot;to be&quot; (as you know, the latter is usually omitted). Consider &quot;&lt;em&gt;This is a mistake&lt;/em&gt;&quot; - &quot;&lt;em&gt;Это ошибка&lt;/em&gt;&quot; vs &quot;&lt;em&gt;That was a mistake&lt;/em&gt;&quot; - &quot;&lt;em&gt;Это было ошибкой&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;That will be a mistake&lt;/em&gt;&quot; - &quot;&lt;em&gt;Это будет ошибкой&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (present in nominative, past and future are in instrumental). And if using another copula such as &quot;являться&quot; then both &quot;&lt;em&gt;Это является ошибкой&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;Это являлось ошибкой&lt;/em&gt;&quot; must be in the instrumental case.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Являться&quot; is a kind of &quot;formal style&quot;. And I should say, it's a bad style. Just &quot;И самым моим безумным поступком &lt;em&gt;было&lt;/em&gt;&quot; would be far more natural.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;English &quot;&lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is both &lt;em&gt;a pronoun&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;a conjunction&lt;/em&gt;, so it's natural to say: &quot;My craziest thing was that...&quot; Yet in Russian there are two different words: &quot;&lt;em&gt;то&lt;/em&gt;&quot; = that (pronoun) and &quot;&lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;&quot; = &quot;that (conjunction)&quot;. And quite often we use them both at once: &quot;&lt;em&gt;то, что&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Considering this, you may think the sentence's structure as &quot;Моим самым безумным поступком было &lt;em&gt;то, что&lt;/em&gt;...&quot; --&gt; &quot;&lt;em&gt;То&lt;/em&gt; было моим самым безумным поступком, &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;...&quot; --&gt; &quot;&lt;em&gt;That&lt;/em&gt; was my craziest thing &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt;...&quot; although no one would ever say so.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-08-17T06:05:27.567" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T06:05:27.567" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9445" CreationDate="2015-08-16T11:20:28.873" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Где&lt;/code&gt; means the place itself without action, and &lt;code&gt;куда&lt;/code&gt; means direction or aim.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure, I'm right, but it seems like you have to manipulate time to male this difference between &lt;code&gt;где&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;куда&lt;/code&gt; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Где&lt;/code&gt; maps simple time, and &lt;code&gt;куда&lt;/code&gt; maps continuous and perfect:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Где эта улица? - Where is this street?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Где было молоко? - Where was the milk?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Куда ты идёшь? - Where are you going?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Куда ты положил молоко? - Where have you put the milk.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: There can be the other meanings of this words, I was answering only about specific case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5385" LastActivityDate="2015-08-16T11:20:28.873" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9414" CreationDate="2015-08-16T11:32:05.460" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think, the previous context assumes he was making some good things. But he has not get recognition (love) from anybody for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the translation can be &quot;But he haven't get any regards in return&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5385" LastActivityDate="2015-08-16T11:32:05.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9446" CreationDate="2015-08-16T12:38:57.547" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вы можете привести полную цитату из из этого видео, kingkola36 ? &quot;И самым безумным моим поступком является то, что ...&quot; Что этот парень сказал дальше?&#xA;Это действительно не очень хорошо построенная фраза. Правильнее было бы сказать, например: &quot;И самым моим безумным поступком был прыжок с десятиметровой высоты в воду&quot; или &quot;И самым моим безумным поступком было восхождение на Эверест&quot;. Если попытаться продолжить эту фразу, не меняя конструкцию, которую предложили Вы (вернее, тот парень из видео), то получится: &quot;И самым моим безумным поступком является то, что я прыгнул с десятиметровой высоты в воду&quot; или &quot;является то, что я совершил восхождение на Эверест.&quot; Это действительно плохой стиль, плохой русский язык.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you give the full quote from this video, kingkola36 ? &quot;And the most insane of my deed is that ...&quot; What did this guy say next?&#xA;It's really not very well constructed phrase. It would be more correct to say, for example: &quot;And my very crazy thing to do was jump from a десятиметровой height into the water&quot; or &quot;And my most insane thing was climbing mount Everest&quot;. If you try to continue this sentence without changing the design suggested by You (or rather, the guy from the video) it says: &quot;And my most insane thing is that I jumped from a десятиметровой height into the water&quot; or &quot;is that I climbed mount Everest.&quot; This is really bad style, bad Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-08-16T12:45:00.423" LastActivityDate="2015-08-16T12:45:00.423" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9455" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-17T01:55:19.820" Score="5" ViewCount="23665" Body="&lt;p&gt;Согласно информации о правописании бесприставочных прилагательных и причастий с &lt;code&gt;-н-&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;-нн-&lt;/code&gt;, которую я нашел в Интернете, прилагательные должны писаться с &lt;code&gt;-н-&lt;/code&gt;, а причастия - с &lt;code&gt;-нн-&lt;/code&gt;. Например, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;чищеный - прилагательное&#xA;чищенный - причастие&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(например, &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/48622/%D0%92-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B5-%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C-%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%9D%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%9D%D0%9D%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot;&gt;здесь&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В то же время, появление приставки приводит к тому, что и прилагательное пишется с &lt;code&gt;-нн-&lt;/code&gt;, за исключением приставки &lt;code&gt;не-&lt;/code&gt;, которая, согласно найденным мною правилам, на правописание &lt;code&gt;-н-&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-нн-&lt;/code&gt; не влияет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отсюда я делаю вывод, что орфографически правильными должны являться обе формы с приставкой &lt;code&gt;не-&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;нечищеный - прилагательное&#xA;нечищенный - причастие&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Прав ли я? Я замечаю, в частности, что программа проверки правописания в Google Chrome принимает слова &lt;code&gt;чищеный&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;чищенный&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;нечищеный&lt;/code&gt;, но отвергает слово &lt;code&gt;нечищенный&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если поведение Chrome верно, то какие правила я упустил в своих рассуждениях? Существует ли в русском языке слово &lt;code&gt;нечищенный&lt;/code&gt;? И если нет, то почему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="831" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T13:00:13.870" LastActivityDate="2015-11-15T17:03:51.860" Title="&quot;Нечищеный&quot; или &quot;нечищенный&quot;" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9456" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9459" CreationDate="2015-08-17T03:46:06.680" Score="2" ViewCount="1429" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference in meaning between theses two?—I assume that there is. What is the difference? When should one structure be used and not the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я и мой друг встретились перед обедом.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;мы с моим другом встретились перед обедом.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-08-17T08:09:50.510" LastActivityDate="2015-08-18T07:43:49.697" Title="&quot;Я и мой друг&quot; or &quot;мы с моим другом&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9455" CreationDate="2015-08-17T05:39:56.143" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tdqaC.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tdqaC.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы правы: приставка &quot;не&quot; и с причастиями в определенных случаях пишется слитно. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;По ссылке - правило.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://yandex.ru/clck/jsredir?from=yandex.ru%3Bsearch%2F%3Bweb%3B%3B&amp;amp;text=&amp;amp;etext=783.U3KU0_y7VORo3G9k58l1w6PA271ER8UFSRF98EdnnjLC_gZ5VZASm7wiQJVZBEqUBlHrrt-pbsznkgeRJE53JQ.b1ee9913f0c1f0e858dbe839f2caa60409943540&amp;amp;uuid=&amp;amp;state=PEtFfuTeVD5kpHnK9lio9WCnKp0DidhEr16RFjt_h9kMwOKhK2Pw7RlTkiUNpvm1IbsdiJHd8tA&amp;amp;data=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&amp;amp;b64e=2&amp;amp;sign=52842d2c0dd675f6f81c5e87dc182617&amp;amp;keyno=0&amp;amp;cst=AiuY0DBWFJ5Hyx_fyvalFPA9KI5rmKu0WS7bRgCElMxpwHW8czAf5ulH3IZ7RVvKGzB-CgOG2SS104jLVxcYhkg4RSAWpRJM9c1uQBhvUjhwh6MeROfwYRzmchUM0eeGaGybDaqMLyIVMxjyp08VTx3Iv1YZTSdAQ9kWyDJontMHcNlRvq2AA6lD9mXtou-DbGjc_hlhuFXlnKMwn_RoXQ&amp;amp;ref=cM777e4sMOAycdZhdUbYHpMQ80108_UCTdwuV_bvPyfSQ3Wu39WHEQuhu8kJcY3-9D4MQJ-e8QNvkrwukeYpWfV0JCzuRcrfz3Tmc42Ir9bmCUNSkL00EaxxfO6-OloLccIpjBOYYVoTex0S4rzMKTlIQjhjC6pCSCwx4WlZYw0jXY0B0qy1l6q71PEfrl250VTEfjxxQ2KbTNyihh-hLeuzOUlq1cWS&amp;amp;l10n=ru&amp;amp;cts=1439789880664&amp;amp;mc=4.324625008845896&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Справочник по правописанию и стилистике. — М.: Комплект. Д. Э. Розенталь. 1997.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дополнение&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В данном случае перед нами глагол несовершенного вида. Причастия этих глаголов и прилагательные пишутся по-разному: если есть зависимые слова - причастие, нет зависимых слов - прилагательное. &#xA;Ср.: жареная рыба ( прилагательное), жаренная на сковородке рыба (причастие). &#xA;Чищеные туфли, чищенные ваксом туфли (причастие). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пишется раздельно &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; с причастиями, имеющими &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;при себе пояснительные слова,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; например: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;не возвращённая автору рукопись&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, не замеченные корректором опечатки, не сданные в срок гранки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5403" LastEditorUserId="5403" LastEditDate="2015-08-17T15:43:46.747" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T15:43:46.747" CommentCount="64" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9456" CreationDate="2015-08-17T05:45:54.107" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both are grammatically correct. Both &lt;em&gt;&quot;Я и мой друг&quot;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;&quot;Мы с моим другом&quot;&lt;/em&gt; mean same thing. Try to give us a context where these two are not the same in your opinion. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3566" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T05:45:54.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9456" CreationDate="2015-08-17T06:22:20.437" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both forms are correct. Yet &quot;Я и мой друг&quot; seems to have a little accent on the previous separation, while &quot;Мы с моим другом&quot; sounds just neutral. You may think it as being somewhat close (at least in the specific context) to simple past vs present perfect tense in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мы с моим другом встретились --&amp;gt; We met&#xA;&#xA;Я и мой друг встретились --&amp;gt; We have met&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD. As an example of usage. &lt;em&gt;После долгих лет разлуки я и мой друг наконец-то встретились&lt;/em&gt;. That's mostly stylistical difference &quot;&lt;em&gt;we&lt;/em&gt;&quot; vs &quot;&lt;em&gt;me and him&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-08-18T07:33:35.703" LastActivityDate="2015-08-18T07:33:35.703" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9456" CreationDate="2015-08-17T07:41:34.053" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is pure logical. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;We = my sister and I&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Then&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;&quot;Я и мой друг встретились перед обедом.&quot;       is incorrect for this situation&#xA;&#xA;&quot;Мы с моим другом встретились перед обедом.&quot;      OK&#xA;&#xA;&quot;Мы с моими друзьями встретились перед обедом.&quot;   OK&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;We = my friend and I&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Then&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;&quot;Я и мой друг встретились перед обедом.&quot;          OK&#xA; \___мы_____/&#xA;&#xA;&quot;Мы с моим другом встретились перед обедом.&quot;      OK&#xA;    \___________/&#xA;         |&#xA;          limiting attribute&#xA;&#xA;&quot;Мы с моими друзьями встретились перед обедом.&quot;   incorrect&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T07:41:34.053" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9461" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9469" CreationDate="2015-08-17T19:08:59.073" Score="5" ViewCount="443" Body="&lt;p&gt;Чем отличаются слова смельчак и храбрец?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5874" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-08-18T16:04:40.440" LastActivityDate="2015-08-20T21:42:32.223" Title="Смельчак - храбрец" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9462" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9463" CreationDate="2015-08-17T19:47:25.010" Score="1" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;Через две буквы &quot;т&quot; или одну?  То есть, на наших колоколах в соборе пишется через две, а в momondo.ru лишь через одну.  В Сиэттле живу, и постоянно вижу эти разные способы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5874" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T21:28:22.323" Title="Как правильно пишется &quot;Сиэттл?&quot;" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9462" CreationDate="2015-08-17T20:01:59.377" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Возможны несколько вариантов написания, &lt;code&gt;Сиэтл&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Сиэттл&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Сиетл&lt;/code&gt; и даже &lt;code&gt;Сиатл&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;как утверждает Вики&lt;/a&gt;). Судя по &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BB%2C%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BB%2C%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2008&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BB%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BB%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;данным гугловского Ngram Viewer&#xA;'a&lt;/a&gt;, вариант &lt;code&gt;Сиэтл&lt;/code&gt; сейчас самый распространённый, за ним с большим отрывом по частоте употребления в литературе идёт &lt;code&gt;Сиэттл&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T20:01:59.377" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9464" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9472" CreationDate="2015-08-17T20:06:10.647" Score="8" ViewCount="941" Body="&lt;p&gt;In some cases one can write either в тазе/в тазу...на мысе/на мысу...в снегу/в снеге... и.т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference in meaning between the old locative case (у,ю endings) and the prepositional case? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2021-03-12T16:51:01.783" Title="Difference in meaning between locative and prepositional cases" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9464" CreationDate="2015-08-17T20:29:34.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer is no, in some constructions/phrases you use the former, in the others you use the latter form, also many nouns don't have a separate locative form. Here's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.philology.ru/linguistics2/plungyan-02.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;an article&lt;/a&gt; that argues that the usage of the locative case signifies the fact of a full, intensive contact when the position of the object is strictly determined, or its freedom of movement is limited, or its nature is partially or fully changed, still this is of little practical value, in every Preposition + Noun phrase you have to know exacty which form of the noun is to be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T20:29:34.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9466" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9467" CreationDate="2015-08-17T20:54:40.530" Score="2" ViewCount="242" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just saw the following two sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У мальчиков есть вода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У мальчиков нет воды.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that the meaning is something like &lt;em&gt;The children have water.&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;The children don't have water.&lt;/em&gt;. However, why do the two sentences use different forms of &lt;code&gt;вода&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;воды&lt;/code&gt;? (I don't know the proper form of those words, but maybe &lt;code&gt;вода&lt;/code&gt; is the proper and &lt;code&gt;воды&lt;/code&gt; is the plural form of it?) But then I'm not sure why the latter uses plural form...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What makes these two words different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;By the way is there any good dictionary to list all the conjugated forms of a noun? I searched both &lt;code&gt;вода&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;воды&lt;/code&gt; and then got results in both times, but I even can't see which is the proper form!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5870" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-08-19T17:15:20.953" Title="Why do you use &quot;воды&quot; in this sentence?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9466" CreationDate="2015-08-17T21:04:17.160" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;After the predicate word &lt;code&gt;есть&lt;/code&gt;, 'there is', the noun is used in the Nominative case, that is in the dictionary form, but after the predicate word &lt;code&gt;нет&lt;/code&gt;, 'there's no', the noun is used in the Genitive case, like the objects after other negative predicates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best dictionary to list all the conjugated forms of a noun is ABBYY Lingvo, but it cost some money, if you don't want to buy it, use Wiktionary, it lists all the case forms of most Russian words, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0#.D0.A0.D1.83.D1.81.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here they are&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;code&gt;вода&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T21:04:17.160" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9462" CreationDate="2015-08-17T21:28:22.323" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;В разное время методы практической транскрипции с английского тяготели то к формальной транслитерации (в интересах обратного восстановления), то к близости по произношению. &quot;Сиэттл&quot; соответствует идеям транслитерации, но поскольку в английском произношении tt и t не различаются (в отличие от русского произношения сдвоенных в написании согласных), то написание &quot;Сиэтл&quot; в настоящее время вытеснило первый вариант. Для прочих же вариантов написания оснований явно меньше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T21:28:22.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9469" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9461" CreationDate="2015-08-17T23:11:11.397" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эти понятия во многом пересекаются, но есть ситуации, для которых одно из этих слов уместнее:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Смельчак - человек, готовый пойти на риск в расчёте на удачу и свои силы (готовность ввязаться в борьбу).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Храбрец - человек, действующий бесстрашно, попав в сложную ситуацию (готовность бороться).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иными словами, можно &quot;смело в бой пойти&quot; (как в песне поётся) и затем &quot;храбро сражаться&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T23:11:11.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9461" CreationDate="2015-08-17T23:36:22.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я не считаю, что здесь есть какая-то существенная разница. Однако слово &quot;смельчак&quot;, засчёт суффикса -ак, звучит как чуть более эмоционально окрашенное (приземлённое) слово, чем &quot;храбрец&quot;, с вытекающими отсюда коннотациями, у каждого своими (см. ответ Alex_ander). Толковый словарь под редакцией Кузнецова, например, не даёт никакой разницы: &quot;СМЕЛЬЧАК, -а; м. Смелый человек; храбрец&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Храбрец - заимствование из церковнославянского, смельчак - исконно русское слово. Это просто дублеты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2281" LastActivityDate="2015-08-17T23:36:22.453" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9461" CreationDate="2015-08-18T06:55:27.510" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;В настоящее время оба слова употребляются взаимозаменяемо. Тем не менее, некая разница между ними должна была иметь место, так как оба слова являются общими для всех славян.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Смельчак&quot; очевидно связан со &quot;сметь&quot;, &quot;осмелиться&quot;, то есть &quot;смелость&quot; - это изначально духовная черта, ближе всего к &quot;решимости&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Со словом &quot;храбрец&quot; всё сложнее. Но даже если оно и не связано с &quot;быстрый&quot;, &quot;острый&quot; и пр., всё-таки некая связь именно с &quot;храбростью в сражении&quot; кажется здесь более выраженной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-08-18T06:55:27.510" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9472" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9464" CreationDate="2015-08-18T07:18:09.997" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's quite hard to argue on this. But I can say that my personal preference is to use locative as much as possible, reverting to the prepositional case only if the sentence has absolutely nothing to do with &amp;quot;physical location.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet there are some nouns which I never use in locative case. For example, I never say &amp;quot;на мысу&amp;quot; but only &amp;quot;на мысе.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps, what one is used to saying is more important here than some bookish rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2020-11-12T07:38:50.200" LastActivityDate="2020-11-12T07:38:50.200" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="9473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9456" CreationDate="2015-08-18T07:43:49.697" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most common is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Перед обедом я встретился с другом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы с другом встретились перед обедом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;моим&quot; is unnecessary here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-08-18T07:43:49.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9474" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9475" CreationDate="2015-08-18T22:20:13.893" Score="2" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need а comma in the following sentence?:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...об этом там почему-то умолчано. &lt;strong&gt;Не сказано также и что именно&#xA;  имеется в виду под словом &quot;объект&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It looks to me like a complex sentence with two clauses and naturally there should be a comma here, but I am not sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2015-08-19T09:54:54.230" LastActivityDate="2015-08-19T09:54:54.230" Title="Comma before a clause starting with particle 'и'" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9474" CreationDate="2015-08-19T00:31:03.540" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You don't. If you need a rule, the following might help:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;§ 142.&lt;/strong&gt; При двух рядом стоящих союзах (подчинительный союз или относительное слово и другой подчинительный союз; сочинительный союз и подчинительный союз или относительное слово) запятая между союзами ставится только в том случае, когда опущение придаточного предложения не требует перестройки главного предложения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если перед подчинительным союзом или относительным словом стоит отрицание &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; или сочинительный союз (&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;или&lt;/strong&gt; и т. д.), тесно сливающийся с придаточным предложением, то последнее не отделяется от главного запятой, например: Я хочу знать не как это делается, a зачем это делается. Он раздражителен и когда болен, и когда здоров.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, if two conjunctions collide like that, you need to watch carefully if &quot;excluding&quot; the dependent clause from the sentence makes any sense. In your sentence &quot;что&quot; is directly connected to &quot;и&quot;, so separating them would seem weird (it would suggest that &quot;Не сказано также и.&quot; is a perfectly OK sentence).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastEditorUserId="2388" LastEditDate="2015-08-19T06:30:46.397" LastActivityDate="2015-08-19T06:30:46.397" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9474" CreationDate="2015-08-19T06:37:04.527" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In your example before the conjunctions что there is another conjunctions и. in this case we don't need comma. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare: Не вернул он мне книгу &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;и когда&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; прочитал ее; Скоро станет известно &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;и кто&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; приедет на праздник;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See: &lt;a href=&quot;http://orthographia.ru/punctuatio.php?sid=134#pp134&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Знаки препинания в сложноподчиненном предложении&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5403" LastEditorUserId="5403" LastEditDate="2015-08-19T08:18:24.887" LastActivityDate="2015-08-19T08:18:24.887" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9477" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9488" CreationDate="2015-08-19T16:30:29.490" Score="9" ViewCount="1376" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a perfectly valid phrase in Russian: &quot;Косил косой косой косой&quot;. It contains three completely identically-looking words at the end and the first one is a different declension of others. I am native Russian so I understand what this phrase means and my question is not about that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any problem for non-russian speaking teacher to explain to curious pupil the meaning of the above?&#xA;What topics of Russian language are a must for comprehending the above?&#xA;Let's say you're that teacher; how you'll approach in explaining the above?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="114" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T15:40:07.280" Title="How non-native Russian language course will approach to deciphering the phrase &quot;Косил косой косой косой&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9478" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9492" CreationDate="2015-08-19T21:04:29.377" Score="5" ViewCount="455" Body="&lt;p&gt;Prefixes &quot;раз, пере, до и.т.д.&quot; are easily understood when attached to other verbs. Or at least, there is some form of logic to them, but with &quot;быть&quot; they make no sense whatsoever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the literal meaning of &quot;раздобыть&quot; &quot;выбыть&quot;  &quot;добыть&quot; итд&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The prefixes don't seem to add any physical or abstract meaning. I mean, I know what these words mean, but what would they translate to directly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;добыть— &quot;to be to&quot; &quot;to be up to&quot; ??&#xA;выбыть— &quot;be out&quot; ??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looking for someone that knows english really well and can translate these words into something that captures the essence of the words—it doesn't have to be a real english verb; i know the real translations already. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2016-01-17T22:39:25.937" Title="How to understand the meanings of prefixes with &quot;быть&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9478" CreationDate="2015-08-19T21:39:45.570" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The situation is very like to that with the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Latin/Grammar/Verbs/esse.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;prefixes added to the Latin verb &lt;em&gt;sum, fui, esse&lt;/em&gt; 'to be'&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;absum, abfui, abesse — be away, be absent [away + be]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;praesum, praefui, praeesse — be at the head of; be present [before + be]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us have a look at the Russian verbs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• &lt;strong&gt;до&lt;/strong&gt;быть 'to get, to procure': до- 'to, up to, till' - &amp;quot;[make smth] be to [smb], be to [smth], get to [smth]&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• &lt;strong&gt;вы&lt;/strong&gt;быть 'to retire, to drop out': вы- 'out, away' - &amp;quot;be away, be out&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;быть 'to depart, to decrease': y- 'away' - &amp;quot;be away&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• &lt;strong&gt;при&lt;/strong&gt;быть 'to arrive, to increase': при- 'up to, near' - &amp;quot;be near, be up&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;быть 'to forget': за- 'behind' - &amp;quot;be behind i.e. leave behind&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, in Russian many verbs with prefixes are highly idiomatic, and you cannot get their meaning by summing up the meaning of the prefix and the meaning of the verb, besides, most prefixes have many meanings, and some of their meanings can be present only in just a couple of words. All the forms of &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt; with prefixes are non-productive, you cannot add any prefix you like to that verb to construct the meaning you like, you have just to learn those verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-08-19T21:39:45.570" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9477" CreationDate="2015-08-19T22:06:08.277" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is a grammatically correct sentence in American English, used as an example of how homonyms and homophones can be used to create complicated linguistic constructs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The approach will be &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;same&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-08-19T22:06:08.277" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9481" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9483" CreationDate="2015-08-20T02:51:39.980" Score="7" ViewCount="190" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to translate Okudzhava's song &quot;Я вновь повстречался с Надеждой&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question refers to the very end of this verse:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Когда бы любовь и надежду связать воедино,&#xA;какая бы, трудно поверить, возникла картина!&#xA;Какие бы нас миновали напрасные муки,&#xA;и только прекрасные муки глядели б с чела...&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did some research on &quot;глядеть с чела&quot; but it does not seem to be a common expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could imagine something like &quot;frown at smt.&quot; or &quot;look seriously at smt. (with knitted brow)&quot; maybe?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure it's obvious for a native, but that's certainly beyond my modest Russian. Any help would be apreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5893" LastEditorUserId="5893" LastEditDate="2015-08-20T09:37:42.760" LastActivityDate="2015-08-20T09:39:39.170" Title="Is there an idiomatic meaning to &quot;глядеть с чела&quot; (or else, what does that mean?)" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9445" CreationDate="2015-08-20T03:07:12.710" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's deeply rooted in Russian grammar. Location without movement governs the locative, while location with movement uses the accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Где -&amp;gt; no movement, locative&#xA;Куда -&amp;gt; movement, accusative&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Something similar goes, for instance, in German:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;wo -&amp;gt; no movement, dative&#xA;wohin -&amp;gt; movement, accusative&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English movement can be expressed directly with &quot;where to&quot;, but often is indicated by other parts of the sentence, or not at all if that's implicitely clear. In Russian you simply must know whether there is movement or not, or else you won't be able to form a proper sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beside the need to use the proper case, &quot;where&quot; is not the only word that has two variants. For instance, &quot;here&quot; (&quot;from here&quot; / &quot;to here&quot;) will also be said differently according to movement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To show how strong a meaning these adverbs carry, these two sentences are common in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Где ты? -&amp;gt; where are you?&#xA;Куда Ты? -&amp;gt; where are you going?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While in English the meaning is carried by the verb, in Russian the adverb is sufficient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5893" LastEditorUserId="5893" LastEditDate="2015-08-22T04:30:21.157" LastActivityDate="2015-08-22T04:30:21.157" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9481" CreationDate="2015-08-20T03:21:42.820" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Чело&lt;/em&gt; means 'brow, forehead', &lt;em&gt;глядеть&lt;/em&gt; means 'to look', so &lt;em&gt;глядеть с чела&lt;/em&gt; means 'to look from the forehead, from the face', it is a metaphor which means 'to be depicted on the face', it can be said about emotions, facial expressions, fear, happiness, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The general idea in those lines is 'if love and hope could be combined, an unbelievable thing would happen [lit. a beautiful picture would appear], vain sufferings would abandon us, and only sweet suffering would be in our faces [lit. would look from our faces].'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note, this, as always in Okudzhava's songs, is highly poetic language full of metaphors, you don't use that in everyday speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2015-08-20T09:39:39.170" LastActivityDate="2015-08-20T09:39:39.170" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9484" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-20T18:25:36.240" Score="2" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen неделю, but I don't know of when the transformation occurs. Could somebody explain it to me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5898" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T01:59:07.610" Title="When does неделя become неделю?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9484" CreationDate="2015-08-20T18:37:19.380" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Неделю&quot; is simply the accusative case of &quot;неделя&quot; (week), unless you mean &quot;не делю&quot; which stands for &quot;[I] don't divide&quot;. The accusative case itself has too many applications to list it here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-08-20T18:37:19.380" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9445" CreationDate="2015-08-20T21:05:20.873" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Откуда&lt;/code&gt; ты идешь? (from) - I am going from my house.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Куда&lt;/code&gt;ты идешь? (to) - I am going to school. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Где&lt;/code&gt; эта школа? (location) - The school near your home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5777" LastActivityDate="2015-08-20T21:05:20.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9461" CreationDate="2015-08-20T21:42:32.223" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово &lt;code&gt;смелость&lt;/code&gt; скорее всего пошло от &lt;code&gt;суметь&lt;/code&gt; (он сумел). Прилагательное &lt;code&gt;сумелый&lt;/code&gt;. То есть оказаться в состоянии сделать что-либо. И это от глагола. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как ты смеешь мне дерзить? &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Имеется ввиду что он осмелился высказать то что он думает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово &lt;code&gt;храбрость&lt;/code&gt; имеет значение не жалея себя.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он смело пошел в бой и храбро сражался.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тут имеется ввиду что он решился вступить в бой и сражался не жалея своей жизни. Значения у слов разные. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5777" LastActivityDate="2015-08-20T21:42:32.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9488" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9477" CreationDate="2015-08-20T22:19:32.237" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The original phrase can be extended/modified:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Лопоухий косой за песчаной косой пал под острой косой косой бабы с&#xA;  косой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The updated phrase uses the word &quot;косой&quot; with 5 different meanings. Extra words in the phrase help a non-native speaker to identify the meaning of each &quot;косой&quot; instance. Translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;лопоухий косой - lop-eared hare&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;за песчаной косой - beyond a sandbank&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;пал под острой косой - fell under a sharp scythe&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;косой бабы - of a cross-eyed woman&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;с косой - with a braid&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once that &quot;explained&quot; phrase is picked apart and understood by a student, then student would need to know at least two more meanings of the word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;косой - skewed; crooked&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;косой - cross-eyed man (as a noun)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then a student can try to make sense of the original phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Косил косой косой косой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a possibility of a double meaning here. The subject in this sentence could be a man, but in a context of a fairy-tale it could be a hare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Another aspect of the problem, in addition to the many meanings of word &quot;косой&quot;, is the exact meaning of each word. Russian grammar is flexible and allows words to be moved around in a sentence. A teacher may list the following three (possibly more) word-order sequences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Verb / subject / adjective modifying object / object - Cut / cross-eyed man / with a crooked / scythe&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Verb / adjective modifying object / object / subject - Cut / with a crooked / scythe / cross-eyed man&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Verb / object / adjective modifying subject / subject - Cut / with scythe / cross-eyed / cross-eyed man&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the last example adjective and the subject restate the obvious (repeat themselves).  That usage is unlikely in practice.  The first two examples  deliver the exact same idea in spite of individual &quot;косой&quot; words taking different meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2015-08-21T15:40:07.280" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T15:40:07.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9484" CreationDate="2015-08-21T01:21:53.483" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Неделю&lt;/strong&gt; is the accusative singular. The ending comes from a Proto-Slavic nasal — &lt;em&gt;*nedělj&lt;strong&gt;ǫ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — which is a cognate of the accusative ending &lt;strong&gt;-am&lt;/strong&gt; of the Latin first declension, e. g. &lt;em&gt;agricol&lt;strong&gt;am&lt;/strong&gt; vidi&lt;/em&gt; &quot;I saw a farmer [&lt;em&gt;agricola&lt;/em&gt;]&quot;. The ancient Slavs kind of Frenchified that &lt;em&gt;[am]&lt;/em&gt; to a twangy &lt;em&gt;[oⁿ]&lt;/em&gt;, which then lost its twang and became a clear &lt;em&gt;[u]&lt;/em&gt; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And that Latin example shows you the basic usage of accusative: it's the direct object case. E. g. &lt;em&gt;Вот как я провёл эту неделю&lt;/em&gt; &quot;That's how I've spent this week.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The accusative is also the case used with certain prepositions; the logic of which prepositions take which cases is old and often unclear, so no examples, to keep this simple. You'll come to that eventually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, since &lt;em&gt;неделя&lt;/em&gt; is a word for a period of time, its accusative has another important usage — it means &quot;for [the duration of] a week&quot;. Just like &lt;strong&gt;минуту&lt;/strong&gt; can mean &quot;for a minute&quot;, and &lt;strong&gt;год&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;year&quot; but can also mean &quot;for a year&quot; (since its accusative happens to have the same form as its nominative.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-08-21T01:59:07.610" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T01:59:07.610" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9381" CreationDate="2015-08-21T22:11:35.617" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Выскажу иную точку зрения. C английского very переводится как очень. В то время как самый это указательное местоимение. Произошло от сам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Тот самый человек.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тут же не имеется ввиду в значении очень. Имеется ввиду что это он сам и есть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Тот самый день в который мы познакомились. Или тот самый лучший день... &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вдумайтесь в эти 2 предложения. Имеется ввиду что это он и есть. Или это он и есть лучший. Эта не превосходная степень а указание. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Тот очень хороший поступок. Тот самый хороший поступок. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вдумайтесь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Самый лучший переводится просто как The best.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5777" LastEditorUserId="5777" LastEditDate="2015-08-21T22:23:43.310" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T22:23:43.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9432" CreationDate="2015-08-21T22:38:17.037" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Что то вы запутали. Грамота - это письменность. Язык - средство общения. Смысл пословицы - письменность второе средство общения. А краткость сестра таланта.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5777" LastActivityDate="2015-08-21T22:38:17.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9478" CreationDate="2015-08-22T17:11:24.760" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the verb &quot;&lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt;&quot; retains the meaning of &quot;&lt;em&gt;being somewhere&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, just like &quot;&lt;em&gt;to be&lt;/em&gt;&quot; does, it seems obvious how the variants &quot;&lt;em&gt;выбыть&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;убыть&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;прибыть&lt;/em&gt;&quot; etc. are made. Yet the verbs &quot;&lt;em&gt;забыть&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;добыть&lt;/em&gt;&quot; are more interesting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As it was said &quot;&lt;em&gt;забыть&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is not only &quot;&lt;em&gt;to forget&lt;/em&gt;&quot; but also &quot;&lt;em&gt;to leave behind&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and just &quot;&lt;em&gt;to leave&lt;/em&gt;&quot; sometimes. E.g. &quot;&lt;em&gt;I left my umbrella at home&lt;/em&gt;&quot; -&gt; &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я забыл свой зонт дома&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (unlike in English you are not obliged to say only &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я забыл взять свой зонт из дому&lt;/em&gt;&quot; as Russian &quot;&lt;em&gt;забыть&lt;/em&gt;&quot; fits for both &quot;&lt;em&gt;forget&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;leave&lt;/em&gt;&quot;). Even more, &quot;&lt;em&gt;забыть&lt;/em&gt;&quot; may also mean &quot;&lt;em&gt;to neglect&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. And from neglecting the things you need only one step more to forget them at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Добыть&lt;/em&gt;&quot; seems vague at first sight. Yet consider the synonym verb &quot;&lt;em&gt;достать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; which is made just the same way: prefix &quot;&lt;em&gt;до&lt;/em&gt;&quot; + another copula &quot;&lt;em&gt;стать&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Unlike &quot;&lt;em&gt;добыть&lt;/em&gt;&quot; the verb &quot;&lt;em&gt;достать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; retains also the purely physical meaning: &lt;em&gt;to take&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;to touch&lt;/em&gt;. So now we have the full chain: &lt;em&gt;to touch&lt;/em&gt; -&gt; &lt;em&gt;to reach&lt;/em&gt; -&gt; &lt;em&gt;to get smth&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD. Now on &quot;&lt;em&gt;убыть&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Let's take the imperfective form &quot;&lt;em&gt;убывать&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. What does it mean? Well, it's about &lt;em&gt;diminishing&lt;/em&gt; (like &quot;&lt;em&gt;вода убывала и, наконец, убыла&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, i.e. some part of water flows away, so now we have less water or, maybe, no water at all). Consider also the phrase &quot;&lt;em&gt;Тебя не убудет&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (i.e. you will not diminish; you won't lose the part of yourself -&gt; it doesn't hurt you). So &quot;true&quot; meaning of &quot;&lt;em&gt;убыть&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is to diminish or to descend (like &lt;em&gt;убывающая луна&lt;/em&gt;) until disappearing completely (or until it's enough).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-08-23T05:36:06.083" LastActivityDate="2015-08-23T05:36:06.083" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9493" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9494" CreationDate="2015-08-23T01:22:29.260" Score="2" ViewCount="797" Body="&lt;p&gt;I encountered a sentence: &lt;code&gt;Я был дома.&lt;/code&gt;. However, the sentence uses &lt;code&gt;дома&lt;/code&gt;, the genitive form of a noun &lt;code&gt;дом&lt;/code&gt;. But I cannot understand why the genitive is used in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, why not say &lt;code&gt;Я был дом.&lt;/code&gt;? Isn't it that the genitive is used in a sentence in which a negation occurs? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5870" LastEditorUserId="179" LastEditDate="2015-08-23T02:09:38.383" LastActivityDate="2021-01-11T23:38:21.333" Title="Why use genitive case in &quot;Я был дома&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9493" CreationDate="2015-08-23T04:54:02.887" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no applied case for any grammatical case at all. It is adverb, at least, from our Grammarians. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Главным формальным признаком &lt;em&gt;наречия&lt;/em&gt; как части речи является&#xA;  отсутствие словоизменения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;дома, там, вчера, вместе, вдвоем, ...&lt;/code&gt; — are all adverbs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in the phrase: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;   &lt;b&gt;noun    adv&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;  встреча вечером&#xA;  дорога  домой&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;see more: &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.narod.ru/1645-1668.html&quot;&gt;http://rusgram.narod.ru/1645-1668.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-08-23T05:08:43.143" LastActivityDate="2015-08-23T05:08:43.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9493" CreationDate="2015-08-23T07:21:11.230" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дома&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - is the remnant form of the old Russian Local case(местный падеж)  which has not been retained in modern Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian such forms are considered to be adverbs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See: &quot;Морфология русского литературного языка. Наречие. Форма и значение наречий&quot; (№ 36/2004 газеты &quot;Русский язык&quot; издательского дома &quot;Первое сентября&quot;)&#xA;UPD &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;По мнению Макса Фасмера, форма &quot;дома&quot; (&quot;Я дома&quot;) является древней формой местного падежа. Реже эту форму определяют как форму Р.п., однако это маловероятно, так как историческим окончанием Р.п. слов склонения на -у, в которое входило слово &quot;дом&quot;, было окончание -у (например, &quot;из дому&quot;).&#xA;См.: Фасмер М. Этимологический словарь русского языка: в 4 т. Изд. 3-е. Т. 1 (А - Д). СПб., 1996. С. 526-527.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5403" LastEditorUserId="5403" LastEditDate="2015-09-15T11:33:44.820" LastActivityDate="2015-09-15T11:33:44.820" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9496" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-23T07:32:46.403" Score="5" ViewCount="342" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does the word Тлетворный mean in this sentence? Is it an idiom?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Одно время Тлетворный игрался в тибетскую карту.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5908" LastActivityDate="2015-08-23T15:21:19.233" Title="Тлетворный - what does it mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9496" CreationDate="2015-08-23T07:38:37.487" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this sentence it looks like surname.&#xA;In general - &quot;Тлетворный&quot; - similar to &quot;putrescent&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5244" LastActivityDate="2015-08-23T07:38:37.487" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9478" CreationDate="2015-08-23T11:02:32.973" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Значение слова &lt;code&gt;Быть&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;существовать, иметься &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;находиться, присутствовать, состоять, иметь место &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;являться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;поступать, вести себя&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Значение приставок в русском языке:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://wordsland.ru/magiclanguage/prist.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://wordsland.ru/magiclanguage/prist.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5777" LastEditorUserId="5777" LastEditDate="2015-08-23T11:11:13.287" LastActivityDate="2015-08-23T11:11:13.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9496" CreationDate="2015-08-23T15:21:19.233" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;ТЛЕТВОРНЫЙ, -ая, -ое; -рен, -рна, -рно. Книжн. 1. Порождающий тление или порождённый тлением. Т. запах, воздух. Т. яд. 2. Оказывающий пагубное, разлагающее воздействие на кого-, что-л.; вредоносный. Т-ая атмосфера. Т-ая пропаганда. Оказывать т-ое влияние на кого-л. &amp;lt;Тлетворность, -и; ж. Т. духа. Т. воздействия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on meaning this word has the following translations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;- &lt;strong&gt;pestilential&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;|ˌpestɪˈlenʃəl|&lt;/strong&gt;  — чумной, пагубный, тлетворный, вредный, отвратительный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;- &lt;strong&gt;pestilent |ˈpestɪlənt|&lt;/strong&gt;  — ядовитый, тлетворный, смертоносный, вредный, надоедливый, назойливый&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;- &lt;strong&gt;harmful |ˈhɑːrmfəl|&lt;/strong&gt;  — вредный, пагубный, губительный, тлетворный, разлагающий&#xA;  Смотрите также&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;тлетворный дух коррупции — the stench of corruption&#xA;  Родственные слова, либо редко употребляемые в данном значении&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-  &lt;strong&gt;putrid |ˈpjuːtrəd|&lt;/strong&gt;  — гнилой, вонючий, испорченный, мерзкий&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;- &lt;strong&gt;noxious |ˈnɑːkʃəs|&lt;/strong&gt;  — вредный, ядовитый, пагубный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;- &lt;strong&gt;pernicious |pərˈnɪʃəs|&lt;/strong&gt;  — пагубный, вредный, гибельный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5403" LastActivityDate="2015-08-23T15:21:19.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9500" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9501" CreationDate="2015-08-24T10:37:32.920" Score="4" ViewCount="402" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть глаголы с суффиксом &lt;em&gt;-ну-&lt;/em&gt;, которые образуют прошедшее время c утратой суффикса &lt;em&gt;-ну-&lt;/em&gt; и без добавления суффикса &lt;em&gt;-л&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;замёрзнуть – замёрз, погибнуть – погиб,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в то время как другие сохраняют суффикс &lt;em&gt;-ну&lt;/em&gt; и добавляют суффикс &lt;em&gt;-л&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;глотнуть – глотнул, махнуть – махнул. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот есть статья об этом: &lt;a href=&quot;http://rus.1september.ru/article.php?ID=200101507&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Н. А. Еськова, Устройство парадигм глаголов&#xA;непродуктивного класса с инфинитивом на -нуть&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Всего глаголы типа «погибнуть – погиб» образуются от 60 корней, и в этой статье дается список тех из них, которые могут употребляться без приставки, но есть и такие, типа «привыкнуть – привык», которые без приставки не употребляются. Где можно найти список этих последних глаголов, глаголов, которые всегда употребляются с приставками, но образуют прошедшее время c утратой суффикса &lt;em&gt;-ну-&lt;/em&gt; и без добавления суффикса &lt;em&gt;-л&lt;/em&gt;? Работы Еськовой, которые она упоминает в библиографии к своей статье, мне найти не удалось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-08-24T15:45:26.193" Title="Список глаголов типа «привыкнуть – привык»" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9500" CreationDate="2015-08-24T15:36:20.387" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Гугл по запросу &lt;em&gt;«бегнуть вергнуть двигнуть»&lt;/em&gt; находит статью &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slioussar.ru/resources/VerbDatabase/SlioussarVerbs.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Н.Слюсарь 2012&lt;/a&gt; co списком всех 60 известных корней этого класса:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(НУ)-класс&#xA;  60 глаголов: &lt;em&gt;–бегнуть&lt;/em&gt;, крепнуть, блёкнуть, липнуть, брюзгнуть, мёрзнуть, бухнуть, меркнуть, &lt;em&gt;–вергнуть&lt;/em&gt;, мокнуть, виснуть, молкнуть, волгнуть, мякнуть, &lt;em&gt;воскреснуть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;набрякнуть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;–выкнуть,&lt;/em&gt; никнуть, вязнуть, &lt;em&gt;обрыднуть&lt;/em&gt;, вянуть, пахнуть, гаснуть, &lt;em&gt;промозгнуть&lt;/em&gt;, гибнуть, пухнуть, глохнуть, &lt;em&gt;разверзнуть&lt;/em&gt;, горкнуть, сипнуть, грузнуть, склизнуть, грязнуть, слабнуть, &lt;em&gt;–двигнуть&lt;/em&gt;, слепнуть, дохнуть, слизнуть, дрогнуть, сохнуть, дрыхнуть, &lt;em&gt;–стигнуть&lt;/em&gt;, дрябнуть, стынуть, дряхнуть, сякнуть, жолкнуть, терпнуть, жухнуть, тихнуть, &lt;em&gt;заскорузнуть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;–торгнуть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;захряснуть&lt;/em&gt;, тускнуть, зябнуть, тухнуть, &lt;em&gt;исчезнуть&lt;/em&gt;, хрипнуть, киснуть, чахнуть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Корней, требующих приставки, в списке всего 14. Еще несколько бесприставочных глаголов, отсутствующих в таблице у Еськовой, например «брюзгнуть».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastEditorUserId="4833" LastEditDate="2015-08-24T15:45:26.193" LastActivityDate="2015-08-24T15:45:26.193" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9502" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9503" CreationDate="2015-08-25T08:55:52.003" Score="9" ViewCount="686" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сколько тебе лет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do you use &lt;code&gt;тебе&lt;/code&gt;, the dative form of &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt;? I think this sentence means &lt;em&gt;&quot;How old are you?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;  but why not say it with genitive, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сколько тебя лет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or nominative? I'm not sure why you have to use dative here...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5870" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T19:42:21.053" Title="Why use dative in &quot;Сколько тебе лет&quot;?" Tags="&lt;pronouns&gt;&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9502" CreationDate="2015-08-25T10:10:48.363" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dative case marks the indirect object of a verb, but your example does not have a verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may think it is a shortened form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please look at this examples, with a verb:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;           &lt;b&gt;verb&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;            |&#xA;  Сколько исполнилось тебе лет?&#xA;  Сколько дают        тебе лет?&#xA;  Сколько было        тебе лет?&#xA;  Сколько стукнуло    тебе лет?&#xA;  Сколько осталось    тебе лет до пенсии?&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The examples given are not in the literary forms, but still in a valid form, for the sake of explanation. Their literary forms are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  Сколько лет тебе исполнилось?  или, Сколько тебе лет исполнилось?&#xA;  Сколько тебе лет дают?&#xA;  Сколько лет тебе было?         или, Сколько тебе было лет?&#xA;  Сколько тебе стукнуло лет?     или, Сколько тебе стукнуло?&#xA;  Сколько тебе осталось лет до пенсии?&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;__ Update __&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;Let us consider more interengaged examples for both langs.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  How        young   were   you?         | original phrase&#xA;  Как        молоды  были   вы?          | morpheme-by-morpheme glosses&#xA;  &quot;Насколько молоды вы были?&quot;            | literary, idiomatic translation&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;  how young were you (when it happened)?&#xA;  &quot;Насколько вы были молоды (когда это случилось)?&quot;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;  &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, we're switching from &quot;young&quot; to &quot;old&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  How         old     were  you?         | original phrase&#xA;  как         старый  быть  ты           | vocab. forms&#xA;  Насколько   стар    был   ты?          | morpheme-by-morpheme glosses&#xA;  &quot;Сколько тебе было лет?&quot;               | literary, idiomatic translation&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;                                        &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All three together:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;  How old were    you?              Сколько тебе было  лет?&#xA;  How old are     you?              Сколько тебе       лет?      &lt;b&gt;(*)&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;  How old will you be?              Сколько тебе будет лет?&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;  &#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, by default, if a scenario would need to be written for the Reality, usually we do not use the verb &lt;code&gt;есть&lt;/code&gt; &lt;b&gt;(*)&lt;/b&gt;, but it is sometimes also used for stylistic amplification. Such a redundancy used to bringing a hints, and not in line with standard usage patterns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, returning to the Q: &lt;strong&gt;Why there is Dative for &lt;code&gt;ты.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; A life is the gift from God/Nuture to humans, which measured in a year. The Dative case (по-русски дательный падеж, от глагола дать) is a grammatical case &lt;strong&gt;generally used to indicate&lt;/strong&gt; the noun to which something is given, i.e. to &lt;strong&gt;addressee&lt;/strong&gt;, destination. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;&quot;he gave the girl a gift&quot; = &quot;he gave a gift to the girl&quot;; &#xA;                                              └────────┘&#xA;                                         the girl is addressee. &#xA;&#xA; He gave   me  his  heart,  so  I gave      him     mine    | original phrase&#xA; Он дать|P я   его  сердце, так я дать|P.F он|DAT  мой|N    | vocab. forms with grammatical labels&#xA; Он дал    мне его  сердце, так я дала      ему     своё    | morpheme-by-morpheme glosses&#xA; Он отдал мне своё сердце, а я отдал(а) ему своё.&quot;            | literary, idiomatic translation &#xA;&#xA;         Here me=мне and him=ему are addressee.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/resources/glossing-rules.php&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Leipzig Glossing Rules&lt;/a&gt; for list of standard abbreviations&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA; I     just received a call&#xA; я|DAT&#xA; &quot;Мне только что звонили.&quot;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA; I     am very sorry to hear&#xA; я|DAT&#xA; &quot;Мне очень жаль это слышать.&quot;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA; Let       me    stay here, and be a servant&#xA;           я|DAT&#xA; &quot;Позвольте мне   остаться здесь и быть вашим слугой.&quot;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA; He      ought     now    to have been at school&#xA; он|DAT&#xA; &quot;Ему     следовало сейчас быть в школе.&quot;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA; How  old  are  you?&#xA;                ты|DAT&#xA; &quot;Сколько тебе лет?&quot;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we have the Dative, this marks &lt;strong&gt;addressee&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-08-27T09:56:40.687" LastActivityDate="2015-08-27T09:56:40.687" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9504" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-25T19:12:57.943" Score="1" ViewCount="286" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess is не знаю, я ничего не сделал никому or am I wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5415" LastActivityDate="2015-09-26T17:17:43.897" Title="how do I say ''I do not know, I did not do anything to anyone'' in russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9504" CreationDate="2015-08-25T19:41:02.153" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Something like &quot;&lt;em&gt;Не знаю, я ничего никому не делал.&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the word order is relatively liberal in Russian, for emphasis it's a bit better to put the verb last.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The choice of the verb (&lt;em&gt;сделал&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;делал&lt;/em&gt;) depends on whether you need Perfective aspect vs Imperfective one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Imperfective aspect can be (roughly) translated back into English using Continuous Tense, as in &quot;I wasn't doing anything&quot;, whereas Perfective aspect can be translated using Perfect Tense (Present or Past, depending on context), although such distinction is not direct.  So your choice should really depend on whether you consider the action complete and its result observable (and in case of a negative sense, &lt;em&gt;would be&lt;/em&gt; observable, &lt;em&gt;had it taken place&lt;/em&gt;), or it's an action without a specific outcome (or &lt;em&gt;supposed outcome&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastEditorUserId="5915" LastEditDate="2015-08-25T19:57:28.117" LastActivityDate="2015-08-25T19:57:28.117" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9506" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9507" CreationDate="2015-08-25T22:55:29.903" Score="4" ViewCount="4588" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anyone want to try to translate this table into Russian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English there are 4 conditionals (Type 0, 1, 2, 3, 4).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have a good idea of how these translate, but I would like to see what the great members on this stack will come up with. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/P0Dof.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/P0Dof.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2015-09-02T06:28:58.073" Title="English Conditionals to Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9506" CreationDate="2015-08-26T00:02:47.837" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not a professional linguist, so I can't provide any reference to the textbooks on this matter, but as a native speaker, my translation is below (the cells in the table correspond to the table from the question):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;+----+---------------------------------------+----------------------+&#xA;|  0 | если я пью кофе вечером               |  я плохо сплю        |&#xA;|    | если я выпью кофе вечером             |  я плохо сплю        |&#xA;|    | если я выпиваю кофе вечером           |  я плохо сплю        |&#xA;|    | если я выпил кофе вечером             |  я плохо сплю        |&#xA;+----+---------------------------------------+----------------------+&#xA;|  1 | если я выпью кофе сегодня вечером     |  я буду плохо спать  |&#xA;+----+---------------------------------------+----------------------+&#xA;|  2 | если я бы выпил кофе сегодня вечером  |  я бы плохо спал     |&#xA;+----+---------------------------------------+----------------------+&#xA;|  3 | если я бы выпил кофе в прошлый вечер  |  я бы плохо спал     |&#xA;+----+---------------------------------------+----------------------+&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I can see from this table, with imaginary situations one always uses the particle &quot;бы&quot; with a verb in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also imaginary situations in the future and present differ from ones in the past only by a verb in the if clause, that is only by the tense of a verb in this clause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorUserId="179" LastEditDate="2015-09-02T06:28:58.073" LastActivityDate="2015-09-02T06:28:58.073" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9508" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9506" CreationDate="2015-08-26T10:48:03.837" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a (very) rough correspondence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;If I drink coffee at night, I don't sleep well&lt;/em&gt; -&amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;Если я пью (выпью) кофе на ночь, то сплю плохо&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;If I drink coffee tonight, I won't sleep well&lt;/em&gt; -&amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;Если сегодня вечером я выпью кофе, то буду плохо спать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;If I drank coffee tonight, I wouldn't sleep well&lt;/em&gt; -&amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;Если я буду пить кофе сегодня вечером, то не высплюсь&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;If I had drunk coffee last night, I wouldn't have slept well&lt;/em&gt; -&amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;Если бы я вечером пил (выпил) кофе, я бы плохо спал (не уснул)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of notes. First, in (1) you must use Present (Imperfective, of course) on &amp;quot;the right side&amp;quot;. Yet on &amp;quot;the left side&amp;quot; you have a choice between Present Imperfective and Future Perfective. Not much difference though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, there's no real difference between (2) and (3) in Russian. Anyway you have to intone what's still possible and what you believe to be unreal (or stick to (4) maybe). I put them in order which would be preferable for me personally. But the only requirement is that both parts must be in future tense (no matter of Perfective vs Imperfective here).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On (4), only past tense is allowed but both Perfective and Imperfective are OK. Next, &amp;quot;бы&amp;quot; was a form of the verb &amp;quot;быть&amp;quot; long time ago but in modern Russian it's just a particle, so it tends to stay next to the conjunction: &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;если бы&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;когда бы&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;вот бы&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; etc. Moreover, there's a &amp;quot;unite&amp;quot; conjunction &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;кабы&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; mentioned in Russian analogue of &amp;quot;ifs and ans&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если бы, да кабы, да во рту росли грибы (...тогда бы был не рот, а целый огород)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And last but not least, (4) may also be the pure imaginary setting similar to that &amp;quot;If I were the King&amp;quot; (or the former &amp;quot;ifs and ans&amp;quot;) which makes it really close to English Second Conditional too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Если б я был султан, я б имел трёх жён,&#xA;И тройной красотой был бы окружён.&#xA;Но с другой стороны, при таких делах&#xA;Столько бед и забот, ах, спаси аллах!&#xA;&#xA;(the well-known song from the well-known movie ;)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yet another &amp;quot;monarchic&amp;quot; example, now from the classics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;Кабы я была царица,-&#xA;Говорит одна девица,-&#xA;То на весь крещёный мир&#xA;Приготовила б я пир&amp;quot;.&#xA;- &amp;quot;Кабы я была царица,-&#xA;Говорит её сестрица,-&#xA;То на весь бы мир одна&#xA;Наткала я полотна&amp;quot;.&#xA;- &amp;quot;Кабы я была царица,-&#xA;Третья молвила сестрица,-&#xA;Я б для батюшки-царя&#xA;Родила богатыря&amp;quot;.&#xA;&#xA;(from the tale by Pushkin)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-08-26T10:48:03.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9509" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-26T10:49:23.870" Score="7" ViewCount="631" Body="&lt;p&gt;the difference in these two words is something I don't understand, is it just me or do those words actually mean the same thing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for example: if I want to say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I don't Know yet!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;do I say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пока не знаю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ещё не знаю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5924" LastActivityDate="2015-08-26T14:00:43.493" Title="What is the difference between пока and ещё?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9509" CreationDate="2015-08-26T10:54:22.460" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the context you are using it, the words indeed have a similar meaning - &quot;yet&quot;. Fun fact, you can also say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пока еще не знаю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пока&lt;/em&gt; in the meaning of &lt;em&gt;yet&lt;/em&gt; is actually the short of &lt;em&gt;пока еще&lt;/em&gt;. From &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/1101150&quot;&gt;Ushakov's dictionary&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ПОКА́&#xA;  нареч.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;со словом&lt;/em&gt; “еще” или &lt;em&gt;без него&lt;/em&gt;. До сего времени, до этих пор, всё еще. &lt;em&gt;Сведений пока нет. Пока еще ждем. Пока еще не уехали.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastEditorUserId="4801" LastEditDate="2015-08-26T11:00:37.913" LastActivityDate="2015-08-26T11:00:37.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9509" CreationDate="2015-08-26T13:39:03.173" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;They're really similar (and can be used together as the previous poster suggested), but intuitively, I'd say &lt;strong&gt;Я ещё не знаю&lt;/strong&gt; implies a greater degree of confidence, imminence, and/or proximity in time, compared to &lt;strong&gt;Я пока не знаю&lt;/strong&gt;, of your knowing eventually. You could say that &lt;strong&gt;пока&lt;/strong&gt; is neutral expectation-wise, while &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt; is somewhat on the optimistic side. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Come to think of it, the latter is a better way to describe it, because with &lt;em&gt;undesirable&lt;/em&gt; eventualities, the confidence factor is reversed: &lt;strong&gt;Я ещё не умер&lt;/strong&gt; is definitely upbeat compared to the resigned-ish &lt;strong&gt;Я пока не умер.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On &lt;em&gt;third&lt;/em&gt; thoughts (sorry but I'm really making these little discoveries as I go along, it's fascinating), the very neutrality of &lt;strong&gt;пока&lt;/strong&gt; can, with these undesirable outcomes, give it a &quot;so far so good&quot; touch that doesn't quite work with &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt;. E.g. &lt;strong&gt;Съел-таки&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(=я всё-таки съел)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;эти просроченные консервы. Пока не умер.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the end, what I could definitely say is that &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt; is about a more likely, or temporally nearer, outcome — which is consistent with its being more &quot;optimistic&quot; because when it's not about being &quot;almost there&quot;, it's about defying the odds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-08-26T14:00:43.493" LastActivityDate="2015-08-26T14:00:43.493" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9512" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9513" CreationDate="2015-08-27T06:48:32.830" Score="5" ViewCount="339" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have found the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Девочка сидит на мосту.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, when I looked up &lt;code&gt;мост&lt;/code&gt; in my dictionary, I found that it listed two declined forms on the prepositional, which is &lt;code&gt;мосте&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;мосту&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For my tiny knowledge of Russian, you usually add &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; to the end of the masculine word for a prepositional form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why does it use &lt;code&gt;мосту&lt;/code&gt;? And how can you differentiate two forms? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5870" LastActivityDate="2015-08-27T18:50:13.573" Title="What is the difference between &quot;мосте&quot; and &quot;мосту&quot; for a prepositional form of &quot;мост&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9512" CreationDate="2015-08-27T09:03:53.837" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, the problem as usual goes deep into the history of the language. I try to recollect as much as I remember, and if I fail let's other will improve my story. So let's begin in the beginning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once Russian nouns had 4 types of declension, but nowadays there are only 3 remaining. As the consequence of this shift some nouns got 2 forms of prepositional case - a new one along with an older one. BTW. Prepositional case is the new acquisition in Russian language too. In the old times there was Locative case which was (almost) fully absorbed by newcomer Prepositional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The biggest part of nouns has now no trace of old Locative. Say, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я в деле&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (&lt;em&gt;I'm in&lt;/em&gt;)   and &quot;&lt;em&gt;Поговорим о деле&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Let's talk about business&lt;/em&gt;) - both are the very same case. But some nouns got two forms which are now used differently (as the old joke says, there's no use of having many clocks if they all show the same time). So consider, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я в лесу&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (&lt;em&gt;I'm in the forest&lt;/em&gt;) vs &quot;&lt;em&gt;Что мы знаем об этом лесе?&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (&lt;em&gt;What do we know about this forest?&lt;/em&gt;). Different forms, different meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How to treat this situation, whether it's a brand new locative case or the special second form of prepositional case, is the matter of agreement. Anyway, one has to know and use it properly. In example sentence, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Девочка сидит на мосту&lt;/em&gt;&quot; the bridge surely is a location of a girl, so one should say &quot;&lt;em&gt;на мосту&lt;/em&gt;&quot; not &quot;&lt;em&gt;на мосте&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-08-27T09:03:53.837" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9502" CreationDate="2015-08-27T15:57:37.317" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сколько&lt;/strong&gt; (Чего?) &lt;strong&gt;лет&lt;/strong&gt; (Кому?) &lt;strong&gt;тебе?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сколько тебя лет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сколько&lt;/strong&gt; (Чего?) &lt;strong&gt;лет&lt;/strong&gt; (У кого?) &lt;strong&gt;у тебя?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так как &lt;code&gt;лето&lt;/code&gt; это пора года, то &lt;code&gt;у тебя&lt;/code&gt; его быть не может. По этому в таком контексте не употребляется. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сколько&lt;/strong&gt; (Чего?) &lt;strong&gt;лет опыта&lt;/strong&gt; (У кого?) &lt;strong&gt;у тебя?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А вот так можно сказать поскольку &lt;code&gt;опыт&lt;/code&gt; у тебя может быть (измеренный летами).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5777" LastActivityDate="2015-08-27T15:57:37.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9512" CreationDate="2015-08-27T16:23:15.477" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Склонения слова &lt;code&gt;Мост&lt;/code&gt;:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://udarenieru.ru/index.php?doc=%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://udarenieru.ru/index.php?doc=%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дательный: Мосту&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Предложный: Мосте&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Предложный 2: Мосту&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У слова 2 варианта написания в предложной падеже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пушкин:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Златая цепь на дУбе том&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5777" LastEditorUserId="5777" LastEditDate="2015-08-27T18:50:13.573" LastActivityDate="2015-08-27T18:50:13.573" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9516" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9518" CreationDate="2015-08-28T08:06:57.563" Score="2" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anybody know what the word пахтярь means? It appears to refer to a profession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm guessing it means &quot;ploughman&quot; but I can't find it in any dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answers in Russian are welcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5927" LastActivityDate="2015-08-28T14:40:36.403" Title="The word пахтярь" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9516" CreationDate="2015-08-28T08:54:16.577" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;ploughman&lt;/code&gt; would be &lt;code&gt;пахарь&lt;/code&gt; as any dictionary says. I've never heard &lt;code&gt;пахтярь&lt;/code&gt; in Russian; perhaps it exists in some other Slavic language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4637" LastActivityDate="2015-08-28T08:54:16.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9516" CreationDate="2015-08-28T09:30:27.140" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;В литературном русском языке слова &quot;&lt;em&gt;пахтярь&lt;/em&gt;&quot; нет, но, в принципе, оно может быть диалектным производным от глагола &quot;&lt;em&gt;пахтать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (&lt;em&gt;to churn&lt;/em&gt;), т.е. &quot;&lt;em&gt;пахтярь&lt;/em&gt;&quot; = &quot;&lt;em&gt;тот, кто пахтает&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Также это может быть либо искажённым &quot;&lt;em&gt;пахарь&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (ploughman), либо украинским &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://explain_words_uk.academic.ru/4686/%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;пахтяр&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&quot; - некий тип арендатора в сельском молочном хозяйстве (опять же, явно родственно глаголу &quot;&lt;em&gt;пахтать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; - &quot;&lt;em&gt;to churn&lt;/em&gt;&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-08-28T09:43:40.583" LastActivityDate="2015-08-28T09:43:40.583" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9516" CreationDate="2015-08-28T14:40:36.403" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пахтяр&lt;/strong&gt; (sic) is apparently Ukrainian for someone who rents farmland or cattle. Judging by the search results I get, it's probably obsolete.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://explain_words_uk.academic.ru/4686/%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://explain_words_uk.academic.ru/4686/%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%80&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-08-28T14:40:36.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9520" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9535" CreationDate="2015-08-28T15:02:25.980" Score="1" ViewCount="301" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which one is correct?:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все монахи были одеты в &lt;strong&gt;кэсу&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все монахи были одеты в &lt;strong&gt;кэса&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And which syllable must be stressed? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2015-08-30T16:06:13.900" Title="Does &quot;кэса&quot; decline in Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9521" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9522" CreationDate="2015-08-28T18:24:24.317" Score="4" ViewCount="1041" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to understand the difference between the words &quot;пытаться&quot; and &quot;стараться&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the dictionaries that are available both mean &quot;try&quot; or &quot;attempt&quot; something, but in slightly different senses, which I am unable to work out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/6711/5929&quot;&gt;This answer&lt;/a&gt; to a related question claims that the words are synonymous. But it doesn't seem like that according to my dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/9121/5929&quot;&gt;This question&lt;/a&gt; seem to be a duplicate of mine, but it is in Russian and I am yet not proficient enough to understand it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5929" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-09-01T21:58:21.803" Title="What is the difference between пытаться and стараться?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9521" CreationDate="2015-08-28T19:11:54.667" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is my attempt at translation of the accepted answer to the duplicate (your second link):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(limiting the scope to similar meanings only)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пытаться&lt;/strong&gt; - (&lt;em&gt;try&lt;/em&gt;) to perform directed actions in hopes to obtain result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пробовать&lt;/strong&gt; - to try, while being unsure in usefulness of the chosen approach&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;стараться&lt;/strong&gt; - while sticking to the chosen approach, expend the efforts to obtain the best result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between your words is the same as between the nouns &lt;strong&gt;попытка&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;старание&lt;/strong&gt;.  A more suitable translation for the latter that I could find is '&lt;em&gt;assiduity&lt;/em&gt;' (the former is, of course, '&lt;em&gt;attempt&lt;/em&gt;').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence you can translate &quot;&lt;strong&gt;пытаться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; as &quot;&lt;em&gt;to try, to attempt&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;стараться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; as &quot;&lt;em&gt;to apply oneself, to strive, to exert oneself&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.glosbe.com/ru/en/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.glosbe.com/ru/en/&lt;/a&gt; seems to have those.&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;пытаюсь&lt;/strong&gt; придумать примеры. - I am &lt;em&gt;trying&lt;/em&gt; to come up with examples.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Он &lt;strong&gt;старается&lt;/strong&gt; выглядеть счастливым. - He &lt;em&gt;strives&lt;/em&gt; to look happy.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Она всячески &lt;strong&gt;старалась&lt;/strong&gt; не показать вида. - She &lt;em&gt;endeavored&lt;/em&gt; at all cost not to show it.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Вчера мы &lt;strong&gt;пытались&lt;/strong&gt; доказать это. - Yesterday we &lt;em&gt;attempted&lt;/em&gt; to prove it.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я &lt;strong&gt;стараюсь&lt;/strong&gt; не подводить друзей. - I &lt;em&gt;take pains&lt;/em&gt; not to fail my friends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastEditorUserId="5915" LastEditDate="2015-09-01T21:58:21.803" LastActivityDate="2015-09-01T21:58:21.803" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9523" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-29T05:54:21.033" Score="1" ViewCount="492" Body="&lt;p&gt;родина means motherland, but I'm looking for the translation to a related word, &quot;motherworld&quot;. This is similar to mother earth or mother nature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google translate does not even attempt a translation of it, but if I separate the two words, it gives me &quot;Мать мир&quot;. Should I just put them together like &quot;Матьмир&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5691" LastActivityDate="2019-11-13T23:48:01.220" Title="Is there a word for Motherworld, similar to Motherland (Родина)?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9524" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-29T08:45:56.763" Score="6" ViewCount="4995" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какая разница между словами: &quot;оплата&quot;, &quot;уплата&quot;, &quot;платеж&quot; и &quot;платежка&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5931" LastEditorUserId="81" LastEditDate="2015-09-07T19:17:33.167" LastActivityDate="2015-09-07T19:17:33.167" Title="Оплата, уплата, платеж, платежка - в чем разница?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9524" CreationDate="2015-08-29T09:46:16.087" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;оплата&lt;/strong&gt; - употребляется с указанием того, за что платятся деньги (оплата товара, оплата проезда), и - в отличие от слова &quot;&lt;strong&gt;плата&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - всегда без предлога (типичная ошибка: &lt;em&gt;&quot;оплата за проезд&quot;&lt;/em&gt; вместо выражений &lt;em&gt;&quot;плата за проезд&quot;&lt;/em&gt; или &lt;em&gt;&quot;оплата проезда&quot;&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;уплата&lt;/strong&gt; (форм.) - употребляется без предлога и с упоминанием денежной формы (уплата суммы денег за что-то, пошлины, штрафа, взносов)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;платёж&lt;/strong&gt; - действие по перечислению денег за услуги (осуществить, произвести платёж)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;платёжка&lt;/strong&gt; (неформ.) - документ, подтверждающий факт и размер оплаты чего-либо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-08-29T09:46:16.087" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9524" CreationDate="2015-08-29T09:49:56.830" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Платёжка&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - это разговорное сокращение для &quot;&lt;em&gt;платёжное поручение&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (или &quot;&lt;em&gt;платёжный документ&lt;/em&gt;&quot;), то есть &quot;&lt;em&gt;платёжка&lt;/em&gt;&quot; - это &lt;strong&gt;документ&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;order&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Оплата&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;уплата&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;платёж&lt;/strong&gt; обозначают &lt;em&gt;действия&lt;/em&gt; по соответствующим глаголам (&lt;em&gt;оплатить&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;уплатить&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;платить&lt;/em&gt;). Поскольку данные глаголы синонимичны (разница только в видах: совершенный-несовершенный), то и существительные, в целом, почти взаимозаменяемы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Уплата&lt;/strong&gt; - редко встречается в современной &quot;обычной&quot; речи, в основном в формальных выражениях, типа &quot;&lt;em&gt;уплата налогов&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Оплата&lt;/strong&gt; - более нейтральное слово.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Платёж&lt;/strong&gt; может обозначать как само действие (&lt;em&gt;payment&lt;/em&gt;), так и сумму платежа (&lt;em&gt;total&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-08-29T10:17:19.420" LastActivityDate="2015-08-29T10:17:19.420" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9523" CreationDate="2015-08-29T21:17:17.077" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Родина&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;place of birth&quot;. So it's valid word for both &lt;code&gt;Motherland&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Motherworld&lt;/code&gt;. Other valid translation of &lt;code&gt;Motherworld&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;родной мир&lt;/code&gt;. If &lt;code&gt;Motherworld&lt;/code&gt; is planet than &lt;code&gt;родная планета&lt;/code&gt; is valid too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4336" LastActivityDate="2015-08-29T21:17:17.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9528" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9529" CreationDate="2015-08-30T05:36:11.080" Score="1" ViewCount="674" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.stackoverflow.com/&quot;&gt;Stack Overflow for Russian (beta)&lt;/a&gt;, you can see the phrase &lt;em&gt;на русском&lt;/em&gt; in the title, which I'm sure means &lt;em&gt;in Russian&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I'm not sure why the site expresses the phrase as &lt;code&gt;на русском&lt;/code&gt;. Specifically, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It seems that &lt;code&gt;русском&lt;/code&gt; looks like instrumental (not sure but just I guess), but why does &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; not take either prepositional or accusative, which I learned &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; should take.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you mean &lt;em&gt;I speak Russian.&lt;/em&gt;, you say &lt;em&gt;Я говорю по-русски.&lt;/em&gt;. Is there any difference between the two word (&lt;code&gt;по-русски&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;на русском&lt;/code&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5870" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:53:35.257" LastActivityDate="2015-08-30T05:48:51.507" Title="What does &quot;на русском&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9528" CreationDate="2015-08-30T05:48:51.507" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Русском&lt;/code&gt; is prepositional. Masculine adjective prepositionals look like noun instrumentals. The instrumental here would be &lt;code&gt;русским&lt;/code&gt;. The difference between &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt; with languages &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/8037/%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8/8038&quot;&gt;has been asked about here&lt;/a&gt;. In this particular case, &lt;code&gt;по-русски&lt;/code&gt; would have been, at least theoretically, ambiguous — with an alternative reading of &quot;Stack Exchange, Russian-style&quot; — while &lt;code&gt;на русском&lt;/code&gt; can only refer to the language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-08-30T05:48:51.507" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9531" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9532" CreationDate="2015-08-30T10:38:30.967" Score="0" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have came across a sentence which contains the following words in the prepositional case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;вашей компании&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could not figure out why компания transformed into компании (why double &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; at the end; my expectation is single &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a specific rule that if there is a &lt;strong&gt;&quot;ия&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; at the end of the word, it would transform as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;ии&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. Or, is it an exception?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5619" LastEditorUserId="5619" LastEditDate="2015-08-30T21:51:06.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-01T04:12:25.713" Title="Unexpected ending at prepositional case of &quot;компания&quot;" Tags="&lt;суффиксы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9531" CreationDate="2015-08-30T11:01:40.163" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Wiktionary tells us&lt;/a&gt;, the word &quot;компания&quot; splits into root -компани- and inflection -я:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Корень: -компани-; окончание: -я&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all cases, only inflection changes (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;same source&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;падеж  ед. ч.   мн. ч.&#xA;Им.  компáния   компáнии&#xA;Р.   компáнии   компáний&#xA;Д.   компáнии   компáниям&#xA;В.   компáнию   компáнии&#xA;Тв.  компáнией  компáниями&#xA;     компáниею&#xA;Пр.  компáнии   компáниях&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is a general rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt; I think I have understood why you were expecting a single &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have a double consonant, like &lt;strong&gt;нн&lt;/strong&gt;, it usually pronounced in the same way as a single one. But there is no such case double vowel; all vowel sounds are pronounced &lt;em&gt;independently&lt;/em&gt;. Listen &lt;a href=&quot;http://forvo.com/word/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5454" LastEditorUserId="4500" LastEditDate="2015-09-01T04:12:25.713" LastActivityDate="2015-09-01T04:12:25.713" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9531" CreationDate="2015-08-30T11:20:39.403" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;В родительном и предложном падежах у имён существительных &quot;компания&quot;, &quot;мания&quot;, &quot;талия&quot;, &quot;версия&quot; и т.п. окончание &lt;strong&gt;ии&lt;/strong&gt;. Нет кого-чего? - компании, мании, талии, версии. Думаю о ком-о чём? - о компании, о мании, о талии, о версии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastActivityDate="2015-08-30T11:20:39.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9531" CreationDate="2015-08-30T12:41:40.443" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, always like this. The ending is only one letter, so last but one letter remains as is. This is true not only for &lt;strong&gt;-ия&lt;/strong&gt; but also for several other similar endings: &lt;strong&gt;-ие&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;-ея&lt;/strong&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-08-30T12:41:40.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9520" CreationDate="2015-08-30T16:06:13.900" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ответ на последний вопрос: слово &quot;кэса&quot; было заимствовано, скорее всего, из японского языка (хирагана: けさ, ромадзи: kesa, иероглифическую запись сервер почему-то не пропускает.) &lt;strong&gt;В русском языке слова, заимствованные из японского, как правило, произносятся с ударением на предпоследний слог&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://miuki.info/2010/09/udarenie-v-yaponskom-yazyke/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://miuki.info/2010/09/udarenie-v-yaponskom-yazyke/&lt;/a&gt;).  По ссылке приведён список исключений. Единственное неочевидное в списке - слова с долгим слогом в японском языке, всё остальное к слову &quot;кэса&quot; явно не имеет отношения. Но в хирагане долгие слоги записываются двумя символами (&lt;a href=&quot;http://lingust.ru/japanese/japanese-lessons/lesson4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://lingust.ru/japanese/japanese-lessons/lesson4&lt;/a&gt;), а в слове кэсу, написанном хираганой, символов столько же, сколько и слогов (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.behindthename.com/name/kesa/submitted&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.behindthename.com/name/kesa/submitted&lt;/a&gt;).  Поэтому слово &quot;кэса&quot; скорее всего произносится с ударением на первый слог, хотя можно ещё спросить знающих японский язык и/или русскоязычных дзен-буддистов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По вопросам склонения вам на форум японистов. По крайней мере в отношении имён и топонимов у них нет единого мнения, хотя в академической литературе японские имена и топонимы обычно не склоняются. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://info-japan.ru/forum/yaponskiy-yazyk/nuzhno-li-sklonyat-yaponskie-imena-i-toponimy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://info-japan.ru/forum/yaponskiy-yazyk/nuzhno-li-sklonyat-yaponskie-imena-i-toponimy&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-08-30T16:06:13.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9536" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-08-31T15:18:19.910" Score="1" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've recently figured out how my last name is spelled in russian. When my ancestors came to Argentina (and transliterated their last name) they wrote Mellibovsky (&quot;ll&quot; is a phoneme that in rioplatense spanish is quite similar to ж) and after two generations someone substracted the &quot;v&quot;. That kind of stuff make it harder for me to find the equivalent in russian. Now that I've found it, does anybody knows where does the stress mark go in Межибовский?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5937" LastActivityDate="2015-09-01T04:14:15.353" Title="Where does the stress mark go in Межибовский?" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9537" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9536" CreationDate="2015-08-31T15:45:44.017" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This name is certainly of Polish origin. Also, there is a town in Ukraine, Khmelnitsky region - &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Меджибож&lt;/a&gt; (ukr. Меджибіж).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Меджи́бож&lt;/em&gt; is stressed on the second syllable, but name &lt;em&gt;Межибо́вский&lt;/em&gt; should have stress on the 3rd syllable.              &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-09-01T04:14:15.353" LastActivityDate="2015-09-01T04:14:15.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9536" CreationDate="2015-08-31T21:50:42.187" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The family names which end by -овский have Polish origin.  In Polish, the stress is almost always on the next-to-last syllable (it is called penultimate stress).  Therefore, the stress in family names which end by -овский is on -о (...о́вский)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-08-31T21:50:42.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9539" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-01T01:02:12.473" Score="2" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как передавали в царские времена польское буквосочетание « lo »?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Транскипция « ліо » была тогда возможной? Кажется, сегодня пишут « лё », даже в безударных слогах: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Википедия&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чему могло бы соответствовать « ліо »? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5927" LastActivityDate="2015-09-01T13:30:20.193" Title="Транскрипция польского слога « lo » до революции" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9539" CreationDate="2015-09-01T13:30:20.193" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я не знаток русско-польской транскрипции, но основным методом передачи иностранных слов до революции была транслитерация. В этом случае, &quot;lo&quot; должно было передаваться как &quot;ло&quot;. Подтверждение этому можно найти если в &quot;Яндексе&quot; ввести запрос &quot;Лорентовичъ&quot;, первая ссылка будет на книгу 1910 г., где есть следующий текст:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С о т р у д н и к и— въ Польшѣ: Ст. Жеромскiй (Stefan Zeromski), И. &lt;strong&gt;Ло&lt;/strong&gt;рентовичъ (Jan &lt;strong&gt;Lo&lt;/strong&gt;rentowicz)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В принципе, несмотря на рекомендации, приведённые в Википедии и ряде других изданий, передача польского &quot;lo&quot; как &quot;ло&quot; по прежнему популярна, связано это прежде всего с тем, что безударная &quot;Ё&quot; нехарактерна для русского языка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается дореволюционного &quot;iо&quot;, то до XIX века эта было обычное сочетание, например у князей Потёмкиных фамилия до конца XVIII века писалась как &quot;Потiомкинъ&quot;, впоследствии во всех подобных случаях стали писать через &quot;ё&quot;. Единственного иностранца, из тех, что я могу вспомнить, у которого в русском языке появилось &quot;ё&quot;, это немецкий поэт Гёте. Во всех остальных случаях как правило используются раздичные сочетания и буквы для замены (&lt;em&gt;йо, эй, о, е&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastActivityDate="2015-09-01T13:30:20.193" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9523" CreationDate="2015-09-01T13:54:41.917" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Possible translation - folk phraseologism &lt;strong&gt;мать сыра земля&lt;/strong&gt; (mother earth) and Soviet idiom &lt;strong&gt;Родина-мать&lt;/strong&gt; (homeland-mother)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastActivityDate="2015-09-01T13:54:41.917" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9542" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10575" CreationDate="2015-09-02T19:07:16.207" Score="6" ViewCount="253" Body="&lt;p&gt;То есть, почему один завод называется &quot;нефтеперерабатывающим&quot;, а другой- &quot;деревообрабатывающим&quot;.  Может быть, просто от благозвучности?  Есть ли конкретная разница между &quot;перерабатывать&quot; и &quot;обрабатывать&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Честно говоря, я знаю, что процессы на таких заводах отличаются.  На нефтеперерабатывающем заводе, любую внутримолекулярную связь можно ломать, а на деревообрабатывающем заводе, цель разрывать несколько связей, чтобы разделить виды вещества. Итак, я хочу узнать, что эти разные основания слов действительно описывают процессы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5874" LastActivityDate="2015-09-08T14:03:54.620" Title="Чем отличаются &quot;пере-&quot; и &quot;об-&quot; &quot;рабатывающий&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9542" CreationDate="2015-09-02T19:33:19.513" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Наверно разница в степени сохранения исходного сырья. Нефть полностью разделяется на составляющие, т.е. идет переработка сырья. А вот древесина приобретает необходимую форму и обрабатывается дополнительными веществами. Получается, что дерево, проходя завод, сохраняется как материал. Оно обрабатывается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4920" LastActivityDate="2015-09-02T19:33:19.513" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9546" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-03T03:25:39.553" Score="10" ViewCount="631" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've always had trouble figuring out why the dative is used in such constructions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я учу драконов русскому языку каждый день—вот беда моя!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why is the verb учить followed by an accusative object then the dative? Is the literal meaning something like, &quot;I'm teaching dragons FOR the Russian language&quot;, with FOR meaning &quot;after, in the way of, for the purposes of&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The base meaning of Dative is &quot; to, for&quot;. Most people translate Dative always as &quot;to&quot; but &quot;for&quot; works way better in my opinion. мне холондо—is more &quot;it's cold for me&quot; that it is &quot;it's cold to me&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it's not what I suggested, wtf is going on with these teaching/ learning verbs выучивать, приучивать итд...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2015-09-29T21:32:21.203" Title="Use of Dative after учить etc" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9546" CreationDate="2015-09-03T07:05:07.687" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;учить&lt;/strong&gt; что-либо = получать знания самостоятельно (учить = получать знания)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;учить&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;кого-либо/что-либо (винительный = кого, что)&#xA;чему-либо (дательный  = кому, чему)&#xA;= давать знания другому (человеку) (учить = давать знания)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;notice that что-либо &#xA;&lt;br&gt;in the first case - knowledge&#xA;&lt;br&gt;in the second - knowledge-receiver&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;учусь&lt;/strong&gt; чему-либо (дательный  = кому, чему) = учить себя, давать знания себе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;too hard to explain&#xA;&lt;br&gt;may be it will be better to say that the study is THE ENDLESS WAY.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&quot;двигаться &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;двигать свой(чужой) мозг и сознание &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - к кому? к чему? - к знаниям.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К - means the direction (may be to unattainable point)&#xA;&lt;br&gt;you can't say &lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt; because ЗНАНИЯ (ПРИВЫЧКА) is not a geo-zone - it is some abstraction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;per aspera ad astra = через тернии &lt;strong&gt;К&lt;/strong&gt; звездам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5550" LastEditorUserId="5550" LastEditDate="2015-09-03T07:23:55.770" LastActivityDate="2015-09-03T07:23:55.770" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9548" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="9549" CreationDate="2015-09-03T11:12:58.577" Score="2" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word evidently comes from PIE &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯dentsnea̯&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; from &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯donts&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;tooth&quot; from root &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯ed-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;to bite&quot;. This should give &quot;дясна&quot; in Russian. Why &quot;десна&quot; then?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-09-03T11:52:46.593" Title="How word дясна became десна?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9548" CreationDate="2015-09-03T11:45:15.243" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, it should and it was - in Old Russian it was &quot;дясна&quot; up to XV century. In Ukrainian it is &lt;a href=&quot;https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;still&lt;/a&gt; &quot;ясна&quot; which is the remnant of that form. In Belarusian it is &quot;дзясна&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To my knowledge in almost all other Slavic languages, except Polish and including Church Slavonic, the form was with -e. My guess is that something similar to &quot;aгнец&quot;/&quot;ягнёнок&quot; had happend, it's just that in this particular case, the church slavonic form won. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-09-03T11:52:46.593" LastActivityDate="2015-09-03T11:52:46.593" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9546" CreationDate="2015-09-03T13:56:46.703" Score="3" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Historically the meaning of Dative is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dative_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;giving&lt;/a&gt;. So it makes sense to give knowledge to someone using Dative.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this particular example it would be wrong grammatically to put 2 objects either in Accusative or in Dative because it would be confusing:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;я учу драконов русский язык (all Acc wrong) -&amp;gt; я преподаю драконам русский язык&#xA;я учу/преподаю драконам русскому языку (all Dat wrong) -&amp;gt; я учу драконов русскому языку&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course there are other cases left (at least Genitive, Instrumental and Prepositional), so why Dative? Again as mentioned above Dative &lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/aa071600a.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;designates that something is given or addressed to the person (object)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;One more observation: &lt;code&gt;учить&lt;/code&gt; has at least 2 meanings which can be gramatically deducted from the case used for the object: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;я учу русский язык - I learn Russian&#xA;я учу русскому языку - I teach Russian&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastEditorUserId="1671" LastEditDate="2015-09-03T14:08:17.333" LastActivityDate="2015-09-03T14:08:17.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9551" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9546" CreationDate="2015-09-03T14:41:01.770" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can think of it as of an omitted verb. While does not work well with &quot;language&quot; (I cannot think of a suitable verb), it works with other examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Научить [подражать] плохому примеру.= To teach [to be similar] to bad example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Научить [следовать] плохому примеру. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Научить [следовать] плохому.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Научить [следовать] хорошему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-09-03T14:41:01.770" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9546" CreationDate="2015-09-03T15:49:44.530" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a hard question. Intuition draws a blank here; &quot;it's just how you say it&quot;. It's possible that the naming of cases by grammarians (dative, instrumental, etc.) has made them appear more meaningful, in and of themselves, than they really are, and what we call the dative case is really a semantically-unbound grammatical meme with a cloud of usages some of which are more frequent than others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But since people are happily offering their speculations, here's mine: it might have started back when the &lt;em&gt;-ti&lt;/em&gt; infinitives of Proto-Slavic verbs were still perceived as datives of now-extinct verbal nouns. Which would make &lt;em&gt;*učiti sę slověnьskujemu ęzyku&lt;/em&gt; have the same basic syntax as, say, &lt;em&gt;*učiti sę lětati&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-09-03T15:49:44.530" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9553" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9542" CreationDate="2015-09-03T17:04:59.500" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это разные процессы, разные значения, дело не в благозвучии. Даже дерево может перерабатываться и обрабатываться. Например, когда из него делают бумагу, то это переработка (перерабатывается). А когда дерево, например, сушится, пропитывается чем-то, когда его шлифуют, строгают, обрабатывают паром и т.п. - это обработка (обрабатывается).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5946" LastActivityDate="2015-09-03T17:04:59.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="9554" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10554" CreationDate="2015-09-03T23:28:41.657" Score="3" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen a few places in Russia with the ending -ово. For example Иваново, Кемерово, and Домодедово. Does anyone know the origin of this ending? For example, is it related to the adjectival ending -ого, or perhaps a modified version of the -ов ending that we see in Russian surnames? Спасибо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5295" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-09-23T21:31:42.507" LastActivityDate="2015-09-23T21:31:42.507" Title="Etymology of toponymic ending -ово" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;toponyms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9554" CreationDate="2015-09-04T06:06:18.307" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;By intuition, &lt;em&gt;whaterver&lt;/em&gt;ово in the names of different places means &quot;a place with a lot of &lt;em&gt;whatever&lt;/em&gt;&quot; of &quot;a place that belongs to &lt;em&gt;whatever&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Иваново is a typical name for a village that accommodated quite a lot of people with surname Иванов (which in turn means потомок ивана, иванов сын) at the point of time when that village was given the name.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Домодедово means roughly the same, I suppose. However, Шереметьево is a place that was somehow related to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Sheremetev&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Sheremetev&lt;/a&gt; family (an example again by intuition: земля графа Шереметьева =&gt; шереметьево место =&gt; Шереметьево).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кемерово is a place that possesses kemers (&quot;кемер&quot; is a Turkic word for &lt;em&gt;hill&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though the explanations are quite different, there is still a common idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4450" LastActivityDate="2015-09-04T06:06:18.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10555" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-04T18:40:21.570" Score="2" ViewCount="331" Body="&lt;p&gt;В Мастере и Маргарите (в девятнадцатой главе): &lt;code&gt;Она сделала все, чтобы разузнать что-нибудь о нем, и, конечно, не разузнала ровно ничего.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В чем разница между этими двумя словами? Спасибо! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И еще один вопрос: в моем первым предложении, можно ли сказать &lt;code&gt;я случайно натолкнулся на следующую фразу&lt;/code&gt; (I ran across the following phrase), если я хочу говорить просто фигурально, а не физически? Надеюсь, что оба моих вопросов понятные. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2015-09-04T18:54:13.967" LastActivityDate="2015-09-04T20:44:56.847" Title="Разница между 'разузнать' и 'узнать'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10555" CreationDate="2015-09-04T18:48:58.557" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Разузнать&lt;/em&gt; - это произвести какие-либо активные действия с целью узнать.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Узнать&lt;/em&gt; - это просто узнать. Например, случайно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;О приставках &lt;em&gt;раз-&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;рас-&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;разо-&lt;/em&gt; на &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7-&quot;&gt;ru.wiktionary.org&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;при добавлении к глаголам образует глаголы со значением усиления интенсивности&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И да, предложение &lt;em&gt;я случайно натолкнулся на следующую фразу&lt;/em&gt; вполне употребимо в фигуральном смысле.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2015-09-04T18:48:58.557" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10557" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10561" CreationDate="2015-09-04T20:29:17.660" Score="1" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;p&gt;Еще один вопрос относительно значения -- в чем разница между &lt;code&gt;обещать&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;сулить&lt;/code&gt;? Сулить -- более литературное слово? Оно когда-нибудь употребляется в неформальном общении, но более редко чем 'обещать'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2015-09-04T20:54:45.573" LastActivityDate="2015-09-04T21:22:38.587" Title="'Обещать'/'сулить'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10555" CreationDate="2015-09-04T20:44:56.847" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется, что 'раз-' придает действию некий успешный ход совершения. И возможно, в фразе из книги, автор хотел отгородиться от распространенного использования слова &quot;узнать&quot; как действия идентификации кого-то в встретившемся человеке. Например, &quot;Я узнал в прохожем своего знакомого.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4920" LastActivityDate="2015-09-04T20:44:56.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10557" CreationDate="2015-09-04T20:56:31.757" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Оба слова имеют примерно одно и то же значение, однако слово &lt;code&gt;сулить&lt;/code&gt; в повседневной жизни употребляется значительно реже и, на мой взгляд, его даже можно считать устаревающим.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-09-04T21:22:38.587" LastActivityDate="2015-09-04T21:22:38.587" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10557" CreationDate="2015-09-04T21:18:03.573" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Они взаимозаменяемы в значении &quot;&lt;em&gt;предвещать&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;предсказывать&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;вселять надежду на&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.  У &quot;&lt;em&gt;обещать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; есть ещё другое значение - &quot;&lt;em&gt;давать обязательство&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В неформальном общении слово &quot;&lt;em&gt;сулить&lt;/em&gt;&quot; осталось только в составе идиоматических сочетаний: сулить победу, сулить удачу, что сулит нам 2016 год?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-09-04T21:18:03.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10557" CreationDate="2015-09-04T21:20:21.213" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сулить&lt;/strong&gt; можно только вещи или явления (тогда как &lt;strong&gt;обещать&lt;/strong&gt; можно и совершение обещающим неких действий) — и само употребление слова &lt;strong&gt;сулить&lt;/strong&gt; обычно означает, что эти вещи или явления однозначно желательны для того, кому сулят, вплоть до соблазнительности и/или нереалистичности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Упрощая, можно сказать, что сулить — это искушать обещанием.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-09-04T21:20:21.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10562" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10563" CreationDate="2015-09-04T22:36:59.197" Score="5" ViewCount="393" Body="&lt;p&gt;Кажется, понимаю значение 'вспомнить.' Я бы охарактеризовать это как мгновенное воспоминание или &quot;to recall&quot; на английском. Но я не знаю как отличать это от глагола 'припомнить.' Они кажутся очень похожими. Как они отличаются друг от друга в определении и исполнении?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-09-05T12:51:48.070" Title="'Вспомнить' и 'припомнить'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10562" CreationDate="2015-09-04T22:51:59.200" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здесь приставка &quot;при-&quot; имеет значение неполноты действия (чуть-чуть). То есть &quot;вспомнить&quot; - это чёткий образ в памяти, а &quot;припомнить&quot; - смутный, неуверенный, на грани забывания.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastActivityDate="2015-09-04T22:51:59.200" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10564" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-05T01:46:27.070" Score="3" ViewCount="192" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть ли существенная разница в употреблении следующих слов и выражений -- '&lt;em&gt;порой&lt;/em&gt;', '&lt;em&gt;изредка&lt;/em&gt;' и '&lt;em&gt;время от времени&lt;/em&gt;'? То есть, можно ли употреблять их как синонимы, или мне надо относиться к каждому по-разному?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-09-05T06:49:14.753" LastActivityDate="2015-09-05T18:23:47.373" Title="порой/изредка/время от времени" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10565" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10567" CreationDate="2015-09-05T02:16:20.663" Score="0" ViewCount="331" Body="&lt;p&gt;Русский использует другой алфавит, чем я, так что если я хочу знать написание &lt;em&gt;привет&lt;/em&gt;, например, правописание этого слова, а не произношение на английском, что я должен делать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translation: Russian uses a different alphabet than I do, so if I want to know the spelling of привеt for example, the letter to letter writing of it rather than the pronunciation in English, what should I do? .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5951" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-09-05T12:48:27.667" LastActivityDate="2015-09-10T12:48:37.053" Title="Как вы запоминаете побуквенное правописание слов | How do you remember the letter by letter spelling of words" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10566" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10564" CreationDate="2015-09-05T06:47:24.810" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Все эти слова означают то же, что и &lt;strong&gt;иногда&lt;/strong&gt; (sometimes), но при этом у каждого из них есть свои особенности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;изредка&lt;/em&gt; = иногда + (очень) редко&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;время от времени&lt;/em&gt; = иногда + (до некоторой степени) регулярно&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;порой&lt;/em&gt; = иногда + неожиданно, нерегулярно&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примеры:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как взор его был быстр и нежен,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Стыдлив и дерзок, а &lt;em&gt;порой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Блистал послушною слезой!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (А.С. Пушкин &quot;Евгений Онегин&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Рогожин &lt;em&gt;изредка&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;вдруг&lt;/em&gt; начинал &lt;em&gt;иногда&lt;/em&gt; бормотать, громко, резко и бессвязно; начинал вскрикивать и смеяться...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (Ф.М. Достоевский &quot;Идиот&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-09-05T18:23:47.373" LastActivityDate="2015-09-05T18:23:47.373" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10565" CreationDate="2015-09-05T10:50:25.537" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Русская орфография основывается на морфологическом принципе. Если вы хотите грамотно писать на русском языке, то надо выучить основные морфемы из которых образуются русские слова. Например, слово &quot;cделать&quot; произносится как [zd'el٨t'], но зная, что есть приставка &quot;с-&quot; и суффиксы &quot;-а&quot; и &quot;-ть&quot; пишем именно так. В целом русская графика гораздо ближе к произношению, чем та же английская. Есть несколько несложных законов редукции и ассимиляции, плюс сравнительно небольшое количество слов с историческим написанием, в остальном же написание соответствует произношению.&#xA;Во взятом вами слове &quot;привет&quot; можно допустить две ошибки: &quot;пр(и/е)ве(т/д). Согласная на конце слова проявляется если слово просклонять &quot;с приве&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ом&quot;, здесь &quot;т&quot; уже в сильной позиции перед гласной, значит и в слабой позиции пишем &quot;т&quot;. Гласные звуки проверяются ударением, но в данном случае это невозможно, значит, нужно запомнить, или свериться со словарём.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-09-10T12:48:37.053" LastActivityDate="2015-09-10T12:48:37.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10565" CreationDate="2015-09-05T11:41:25.253" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;TL/DR:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Use a spellchecker, which is very simple, use an orthographic dictionary.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you learn, try writing dictations.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Remember the written form, decompose the word into phonemes and distinct them (see an example below)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Written Russian language keeps the writing of words above pronunciation and mostly keeps the written forms the same across transformations. There are several reasons: a) vowel reduction made every minor dialect have different pronunciation of the same vowel, b) written Russian came not from Russian, but from Church Slavonic. I assume that the scholars tried to keep the sacred texts unchanged. Later it became a written tradition and a common denominator for dialects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way functionally literate native Russians do is remember the graphical image of a word. Plus we have in mind its sources, like the base and the prefixes/suffixes. E.g. &lt;code&gt;прибрежный&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;при-&lt;/code&gt; (at) &lt;code&gt;-брег-&lt;/code&gt; (shore) &lt;code&gt;-н-&lt;/code&gt; (adjective suffix) &lt;code&gt;-ый&lt;/code&gt; (masculine adjective termination). Now, &lt;code&gt;при-&lt;/code&gt; is similar to &lt;code&gt;пре-&lt;/code&gt; and often both pronounced with &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;, but we know that &lt;code&gt;пре-&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;over&quot; and not suitable here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course there are false friends like similar words that have different vowels in them, that natives confuse for related and use to check one another, like шп&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ргалка/шп&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;ра. But that's part of the deal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastActivityDate="2015-09-05T11:41:25.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10562" CreationDate="2015-09-05T12:51:48.070" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть еще такое значение у &lt;em&gt;припомнить&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Припомнить кому-либо что-либо&lt;/em&gt; - означает угрозу/предупреждение в адрес &lt;em&gt;кого-либо&lt;/em&gt;, что его поступок не будет забыт.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я тебе это еще припомню!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она ему это еще припомнит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2015-09-05T12:51:48.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10572" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-07T12:14:59.340" Score="4" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have encountered &quot;всевеликое войско донское&quot;, but what exactly does it mean in Russian? Perhaps it is dialectal? Can it be seen in other context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5956" LastActivityDate="2015-09-07T18:20:12.837" Title="What does всевеликий mean?" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;диалект&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10572" CreationDate="2015-09-07T12:26:33.850" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Всевеликий&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;means&lt;/a&gt; 'great to the utmost extent', it is often used in religious contexts and refers to the Lord, &lt;strong&gt;Всевеликий Господь&lt;/strong&gt;, 'God the Almighty'. In the name of the &lt;strong&gt;Всевеликое Войско Донское&lt;/strong&gt; this word is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Republic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;also translated&lt;/a&gt; into English as 'almighty', 'the Almighty Don Host'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-09-07T12:26:33.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10572" CreationDate="2015-09-07T18:20:12.837" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a Church Slavonic calque from Greek &lt;em&gt;παμμέγιστοσ&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;the greatest of all&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Greek word had been used as a title of several Christian saints in medieval Greek literature and was calqued by Slavonic translators.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tradition of using a positive Slavic adjective and the prefix &lt;em&gt;все-&lt;/em&gt; to form a superlative form can be also observed in words like &lt;em&gt;всеблагий&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;the kindest of all&quot;), &lt;em&gt;всемилостивый&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;the most merciful of all&quot;), &lt;em&gt;всепетая&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;the most praised of all&quot;) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This pattern might be somewhat confusing because words like &lt;em&gt;всемогущий&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;omnipotent&quot;) and &lt;em&gt;всеведущий&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;omniscient&quot;) don't mean &quot;the most knowledgeable / potent of all&quot;, but rather &quot;the one who knows / can do everything&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-09-07T18:20:12.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10575" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9542" CreationDate="2015-09-08T14:03:54.620" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пере-рабатывать&lt;/strong&gt; - превращать во что-то другое, что либо совсем не имеет никаких намёков на изначальный ресурс, либо эта связь неважна и неакцентируется. Из нефти делают, например, пластмассу. То, что она сделана из нефти, для потребителя совершенно не важно. Поэтому нефть &lt;strong&gt;пере&lt;/strong&gt;рабатывают.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Об-рабатывать&lt;/strong&gt; - производить какие-то операции, которые не приведут к потери какой-то (пусть визуальной) связи с первоначальным материалом. Дерево &lt;strong&gt;об&lt;/strong&gt;рабатывают и делают из него мебель, при этом то, что мебель из дерева - делает её дороже, изначальный ресурс подчёркивается, он остаётся одним из основных элементов. В тоже время дерево &lt;strong&gt;пере&lt;/strong&gt;рабатывают в бумагу - её связь с деревом не важна для потребителя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5963" LastActivityDate="2015-09-08T14:03:54.620" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10576" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-09T14:27:37.037" Score="4" ViewCount="775" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering about the word &quot;perestroika,&quot; its translation and its meaning.  I understand that capital-P &quot;Perestroika&quot; is a post-Communist movement, and I believe small-p &quot;perestroika&quot; may translate to mean &quot;restructuring.&quot; I am curious if the word is only used in reference to a specific political context (capital P), or if it is a word that has other significance (small p) and/or can be used conversationally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5967" LastActivityDate="2015-09-10T20:11:59.607" Title="What is the meaning of &quot;perestroika&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10576" CreationDate="2015-09-09T14:54:10.927" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Перестройка&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is a &quot;normal&quot; word meaning &lt;em&gt;reconstruction&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;rebuilding&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;changeover&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-09T14:54:10.927" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10576" CreationDate="2015-09-09T16:01:53.617" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the term was introduced in 1985 upon election of Mikhail Gorbachev as the Secretary General of the Central Committee of CPSU (the position he continued to hold for more than six years).  So, it's not really &quot;post-Communist movement&quot;, it started by them in an attempt to modernize the regime.  &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Restructuring&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is the most accepted translation, as far as I could judge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When used in English texts, it always refers to that process of restructuring of the economy, administration, and often along with &quot;&lt;em&gt;glasnost'&lt;/em&gt; &quot; (&quot;openness&quot;).  I don't believe there is any particular reason to capitalize the word in English text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian language the word did, as the result of the events of the second half of 1980s and beginning of 1990s, gain some special meaning, which probably still lingers and will do as long as people who remember it.  Eventually it's hopefully going to regain its general meaning.  Compare with &quot;The Prohibition&quot; or &quot;The Depression&quot; in the US.  Since Russian language lacks articles, capitalization is a way to make the word special, but only in writing.&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;Somebody living now in Russia should shed some light on possible negative connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-09-09T16:01:53.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10583" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10584" CreationDate="2015-09-10T08:21:19.910" Score="5" ViewCount="459" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это мой ребёнок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked up for the word and it returned &quot;a child&quot; or &quot;a baby&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it seems that &quot;ребенок&quot; (&lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt;, not &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt;) also returned &quot;a child&quot; or &quot;a baby&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference between the two words? How can I differentiate one from the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5870" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-09-10T09:04:22.990" LastActivityDate="2015-09-11T08:36:10.237" Title="What is the difference between &quot;ребенок&quot; and &quot;ребёнок&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;буква-ё&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10583" CreationDate="2015-09-10T08:40:25.770" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only difference is the way of writing the word. In modern written Russian it is quite often acceptable to write &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;, especially when there is no confusion in meaning, and &lt;strong&gt;ребенок&lt;/strong&gt; is unambiguous. Read more in related questions: &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/6770/using-written-%D0%B5-instead-of-%C3%AB&quot;&gt;Using written е instead of ë&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1465/is-%D1%91-a-distinct-letter-or-is-it-just-%D0%B5-with-a-diaeresis?lq=1&quot;&gt;Is 'ё' a distinct letter, or is it just 'е' with a diaeresis&lt;/a&gt;?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-09-10T08:40:25.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10585" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10583" CreationDate="2015-09-10T09:02:24.750" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; is a equal in most times, but in official documents, passports and other this difference have big value (and make big problems, if in password &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; and in other documents - &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; used as ligature for &lt;strong&gt;йо&lt;/strong&gt;: ёлка, ёж, тяжёлый (but &lt;em&gt;йогурт&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;ёгурт&lt;/em&gt;). Also &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; used in handwriting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In books and press uses &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; for replace &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; (simple tipesettings) without losing values.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81_%28%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Article in Wikipedia about &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; (RUS).&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4342" LastActivityDate="2015-09-10T09:02:24.750" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9523" CreationDate="2015-09-10T18:44:51.660" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Motherworld&quot; is not an actual word in English - it is missing not just from Google Translate but from all major dictionaries. It is not possible to provide an accurate translation because there can be no consensus on the meaning of a made-up word. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen &quot;mother world&quot; (two separate words) used in science fiction. If that was indeed the context you were looking for, I would say &lt;em&gt;планета происхождения&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;планета-мать&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;мать-планета&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1860" LastActivityDate="2015-09-10T18:44:51.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10590" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10591" CreationDate="2015-09-11T05:06:01.230" Score="2" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm newbie in both English and Russian, so sorry.&#xA;But Russian is pretty much more difficult for me... Trying to translate few sentences for about a hour... :) I'm especially confused by two words and their usage in conjunction with other ones. Can't understand at all!&#xA;К тому же, &lt;em&gt;по деньгам у них - не &lt;strong&gt;ахти&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Но вот за что я ручаюсь - я не был у них в голове, не телепат, но выглядят и ведут себя они намного веселее и раскованнее, чем у нас. &lt;em&gt;Нету у людей &lt;strong&gt;напряга&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;Or maybe this sentences are wrongly composed and there are no meaning at all?&#xA;Thanks a lot for your help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5977" LastEditorUserId="5977" LastEditDate="2015-09-20T10:40:23.903" LastActivityDate="2015-09-20T10:40:23.903" Title="What is the meaning of these specific words: &quot;не ахти&quot;, &quot;напряг&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10590" CreationDate="2015-09-11T05:40:57.843" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не ахти&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;not too well&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Напряг&lt;/em&gt; is a slanguish word meaning &lt;em&gt;trouble&lt;/em&gt;. I hope that would be sufficient to catch the rest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem is you're trying to understand a &quot;spoken&quot; language which is not a good place to start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-09-11T06:04:03.443" LastActivityDate="2015-09-11T06:04:03.443" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8205" CreationDate="2015-09-11T08:16:36.343" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Learn one language at a time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The risk of mistaking which language something you learned belongs to is less.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, the real advantage is you will learn the first language, or the second language much, MUCH, better than if you mix the two.  If you mix the two, you are likely to not have a preferred language.  You might feel that as a polyglot that is okay, but the listener you are speaking with will probably be a diglot, not a polyglot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Monolinguals, diglots, and polyglots all think differently from each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, while you might feel you are the same as a diglot in Ukraine, the truth would be your third (fourth) etc language structure could interfere with your being understood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, you would probably not notice it .... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My 2 cents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS - move to Ukraine, it is a WONDERFUL place to live.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wayne&#xA;Luvsiesous &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5978" LastActivityDate="2015-09-11T08:16:36.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10583" CreationDate="2015-09-11T08:36:10.237" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ребёнок = Ребенок, there is no difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian vowels are paired this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;а - я [а - йа] &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;о - ё [о - йо] &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;у - ю [у - йу] &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;э - е [э - йэ] &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ы - и [ы - и]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Letter ё sounds differently from e, they even are not paired. But letter ё just became unlicky for it's look, people are lasy &quot;put dots on the i's&quot;. There were modern attempts to exclude this letter from alphabet, and were movements to protect letter ё.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="905" LastActivityDate="2015-09-11T08:36:10.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10594" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10597" CreationDate="2015-09-11T21:44:33.817" Score="2" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does the meaning of 'столь' differ from 'так'? Based on the context of some sentences, I am inclined to view 'столь' as close to the meaning of 'настолько'. Am I correct in this thinking? For example: 'Кроме того, Берлиоза охватил необоснованный, но столь сильный страх, что ему захотелось тотчас же бежать с Патриарших без оглядки.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, is 'столь' useful to know by itself (that is, unique in meaning) or just a secondary synonym?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-09-12T11:46:46.860" Title="'Столь' versus 'так'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10594" CreationDate="2015-09-11T22:11:02.997" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Interesting to note that '&lt;strong&gt;столь&lt;/strong&gt;' in the quote you give cannot be replaced with '&lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt;', but would require '&lt;strong&gt;такой&lt;/strong&gt;' instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference in meaning between '&lt;strong&gt;столь&lt;/strong&gt;' and '&lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt;' does not really exist.  Both are adverbs in the use where they are synonyms, but keep in mind that '&lt;strong&gt;столь&lt;/strong&gt;' (or its full prototype '&lt;strong&gt;настолько&lt;/strong&gt;') can be used to modify adverbs as well as adjectives, but '&lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt;' turns into '&lt;strong&gt;такой&lt;/strong&gt;' (такая, такое) with adjectives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some examples.  Italics designate adjectives&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я Вас любил &lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt; искренно, &lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt; нежно...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Не &lt;strong&gt;столь&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;страшен&lt;/em&gt; грипп, как его осложнения.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Вы &lt;strong&gt;столь&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;забывчивы&lt;/em&gt;, сколь незабвенны.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Голос у нее &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;такой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;тихий&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;такой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;нежный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;такой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;невинный&lt;/em&gt;...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Опять выглянуло солнышко, да &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;такое&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;весёлое&lt;/em&gt;, яркое!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/134/quassnoi&quot;&gt;Quassnoi&lt;/a&gt; points out (thank you!), with shortened adjectives the shortened form of '&lt;strong&gt;такой&lt;/strong&gt;' ('&lt;em&gt;такая&lt;/em&gt;', '&lt;em&gt;такое&lt;/em&gt;') -- '&lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt;' -- is used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Начался штурм города, и &lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt; силён был натиск армии семерых вождей...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-09-12T11:46:46.860" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10596" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-11T22:26:45.817" Score="2" ViewCount="460" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wish I could find a more directly way to phrase this question, but as an English speaker learning Russian, I rarely use the word 'ведь'. I am interested in two things from native speakers: 1) In your view, is 'ведь' necessary to use in order to express some thoughts/types of sentences (examples are very welcome), 2) If so, how do I incorporate it more into my speech? How would you recommend conceptualizing it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-09-12T10:19:40.677" Title="Usage of 'ведь'" Tags="&lt;словоупотребление&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10594" CreationDate="2015-09-11T22:30:45.567" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Столь&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;настолько&lt;/em&gt;) means quantitative &amp;quot;so&amp;quot; (meaning &amp;quot;so much&amp;quot;), and can be replaced with &lt;em&gt;так&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;такой&lt;/em&gt; anywhere it cannot be confused with qualitative or classifying &amp;quot;so&amp;quot; (meaning &amp;quot;in the same way&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means you should avoid using &lt;em&gt;так&lt;/em&gt; when quantitative meaning is not the only possible one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare two sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не настолько накрашена, чтобы принимать гостей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не так накрашена, чтобы принимать гостей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence unequivocally means &amp;quot;I'm not wearing enough makeup to welcome my guests&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one is dubious: it might mean both &amp;quot;I'm not wearing the right makeup&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;I'm not wearing enough makeup&amp;quot;. Though this sentence is a little bit ungrammatical if parsed according to the first meaning, this first meaning is what most people would perceive from this sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answering you second question, yes, &lt;em&gt;столь&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;настолько&lt;/em&gt; are complete synonyms, &lt;em&gt;столь&lt;/em&gt; being the grand style form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-11T22:36:09.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10596" CreationDate="2015-09-11T23:16:43.110" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;By using &lt;em&gt;ведь&lt;/em&gt; in a question, you make it sound confirming something you already know (&lt;em&gt;ведь&lt;/em&gt; is etymologically related to &amp;quot;I know&amp;quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это ты разбил чашку? // Was it you who broke the cup? (I'm genuinely interested)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ведь это ты разбил чашку? // It was you who broke the cup, wasn't it? (I'd be surprised if it wasn't you)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-11T23:16:43.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10596" CreationDate="2015-09-12T09:24:00.743" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Typically, &lt;em&gt;ведь&lt;/em&gt; is a part of a phrase explaining the reason for something, most often it's a reminder that the reason is known (or easily understandable) to those addressed. It sounds like '&lt;em&gt;as you know&lt;/em&gt;', '&lt;em&gt;as we both know&lt;/em&gt;', '&lt;em&gt;as everybody knows&lt;/em&gt;','&lt;em&gt;as I already knew&lt;/em&gt;' , '&lt;em&gt;since&lt;/em&gt;', etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мыть посуду придётся тебе, ведь это ты оставил тарелки после еды.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(It's your turn to wash the dishes since it was you who left those plates on the table after dinner.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я поспешил скрыться, ведь он собирался меня убить.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I made a quick escape: I knew he was going to kill me.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P.S.&lt;/strong&gt; Where to use or not to use it. As with the equivalent expressions above: in official documents, something like &lt;em&gt;потому что&lt;/em&gt; (because) should be used instead. In case of a dialogue or some interactive writing &lt;em&gt;ведь&lt;/em&gt; implies the listener or reader would definitely agree with what is said or written just after that word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-09-12T10:19:40.677" LastActivityDate="2015-09-12T10:19:40.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2994" CreationDate="2015-09-13T19:09:25.637" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мы не говорим так! Можно так сказать только ради шутки и только лишь! Надо просто найти подходящий эквивалент этому выражению i'll win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я выиграю битву.&#xA;Я смогу победить в этой битве.&#xA;Я сделаю тебя сегодня! (в матче, в игре).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5988" LastActivityDate="2015-09-13T19:09:25.637" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10601" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-13T20:13:07.410" Score="1" ViewCount="217" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have referenced a few Russian lesson pages, but I have not come up with an answer for why the ending changes in this particular manner. Could somebody explain this to me? I had thought that the change was from “е” to “я”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5898" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T13:14:43.237" Title="Why does &quot;животное&quot; become &quot;животные&quot; when &quot;animal&quot; becomes &quot;animals&quot;?" Tags="&lt;окончания&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10601" CreationDate="2015-09-13T20:44:45.680" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ending changes similar to those of adjectives (зелёное, зелёные и т.п.) since this word was originally an adjective. You can think of it as short form of &quot;животное существо&quot; (animal creature).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-09-13T20:44:45.680" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10604" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-13T21:14:19.110" Score="3" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is difference between the terms гроссмейстер-многоходовщик and simply гроссмейстер?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5989" LastActivityDate="2015-09-13T22:15:01.190" Title="What is difference between гроссмейстер-многоходовщик and simply гроссмейстер?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10604" CreationDate="2015-09-13T21:49:01.973" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Гроссмейстер (нем. Großmeister «большой мастер») - высшее шахматное звание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Официального звания &quot;гроссмейстер-многоходовщик&quot; не существует. &lt;strong&gt;Многоходовщик&lt;/strong&gt; - это слово не из официального, а из разговорного стиля речи. Так называют человека со стратегическим складом ума, умеющего просчитывать свои действия на много &quot;ходов&quot; вперёд. И это качество совсем не обязательно имеет отношение к шахматам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The official title of &quot;grandmaster-многоходовщик&quot; does not exist. &lt;strong&gt;Многоходовщик&lt;/strong&gt;  - the word is not official and colloquial style of speech. So call a person with a strategic mind, able to recognize their actions on a lot of &quot;moves&quot; forward. And this quality does not necessarily has to do with chess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-09-13T22:15:01.190" LastActivityDate="2015-09-13T22:15:01.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10606" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-14T10:19:53.450" Score="3" ViewCount="1040" Body="&lt;p&gt;Благодаря моей догадке, подтвержденной словарем Academic.ru, я уже выяснил, что это словосочетание означает: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Народн. Ирон.&lt;/em&gt; Быстро, не сомневаясь и не раздумывая, справиться с чем-л.  Выражение возникло под влиянием оборота одним ударом семерых из сказки братьев Гримм «Храбрый портняжка» (1814 г.). Форма (аористная) убивахом (побивахом) стилизована под старославянский. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что значит &lt;em&gt;семерых&lt;/em&gt;? Существует ли вообще ещё аорист в русском языке? Есть ли у него такое же значение, как у древнегреческого аориста?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-09-14T10:50:42.427" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T10:50:42.427" Title="Одним махом семерых побивахом" Tags="&lt;пословицы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10607" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-14T10:23:39.547" Score="0" ViewCount="663" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не было никаких примет, по которым можно было предсказать появление Кондуктора, ни одной, кроме того, что ты вылез на поверхность. Ты вылез на поверхность, а стало быть, живёшь без билета.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как лучше понять это сочетание &lt;em&gt;стало быть&lt;/em&gt; в этим контексте? Никакие из предложений моего словаря не подходят мне к контексту. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T11:06:40.463" Title="Стало быть - значение" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10608" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-14T10:28:58.637" Score="2" ViewCount="822" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Значит, они стали переходить через мост. Дайте, мы вам объясним. Видите ли, товарищ, это так называемые павловские собаки. Была легенда, мы полагаем, что это только легенда, которая рассказывает о том, что в Институте физиологии имени Павлова жили экспериментальные собаки…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Меня всегда учили, что как соответствие &lt;em&gt;let's&lt;/em&gt; используется слово &lt;em&gt;давай/давайте&lt;/em&gt;. Здесь я встретил вместо этого &lt;em&gt;дай/дайте&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли какое-то различие между этими глаголами?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastActivityDate="2015-09-15T23:01:52.767" Title="Дайте или давайте" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10609" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-14T10:33:08.493" Score="4" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно, конечно, &lt;strong&gt;мокрыми печальными птицами&lt;/strong&gt; сидеть тут, ожидая момента, пока вода спадёт, но, во-первых, она реально фонила, а во-вторых, неизвестно ещё, кто к нам приплывет снизу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я понял бы это как &lt;em&gt;Можно, конечно, сидеть тут, как мокрые печальные птицы (...)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно ли всегда использовать творительный падеж в таком смысле, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он дрался за выживание львом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он дрался за выживание как лев.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-15T13:41:32.617" Title="Мокрыми печальными птицами" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10610" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10633" CreationDate="2015-09-14T10:38:21.983" Score="2" ViewCount="458" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я всё больше держался Кролика. &lt;strong&gt;Кролик был вор&lt;/strong&gt; с мистическим уклоном. Жулик и вор он был, впрочем, вполне нормальный. А вот его дружок по грибной тематике был человек особенный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему здесь автор не написал &lt;em&gt;Кролик был вором&lt;/em&gt;, и вместо этого использовался именительный падеж? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-14T21:27:41.457" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T21:27:41.457" Title="Быть с именительным падежом" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;essive&gt;&lt;изобразительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10611" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-14T10:42:37.860" Score="2" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Ему Пушкин лиру передал, а мы отдувайся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы - это 1 лицо мн. ч., отдувайся - 2 лицо ед. ч. Почему так смешано? Здесь ведь нужно бы использовать грамматическую форму, соответствующую местоимению &lt;em&gt;мы&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-09-14T11:18:25.610" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T12:06:05.070" Title="Несхождение лица и числа" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10612" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10618" CreationDate="2015-09-14T10:45:14.797" Score="0" ViewCount="75" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Надобны для этого любовь и в человецех благоволение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я выяснил, что это фрагмент из Евангелия. Но русское ли вообще слово &lt;em&gt;человецех&lt;/em&gt;, или, может, это слово из церковнославянского?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-09-14T11:03:37.557" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T11:03:37.557" Title="Слово человецех" Tags="&lt;слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10606" CreationDate="2015-09-14T10:47:32.020" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что значит &lt;em&gt;семерых&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Семерых&lt;/em&gt; is acc. of &lt;em&gt;семеро&lt;/em&gt;, which is the collective form of the numeral &lt;em&gt;семь&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;seven&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's used with animate masculine or neuter nouns denoting sentient beings to describe sets of such beings: &lt;em&gt;двое рабочих, пятеро строителей, семеро богов&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning is similar to English &quot;pair&quot; or &quot;dozen&quot; (but extends to all numbers from 2 to 10), and directly corresponds to Polish &lt;em&gt;troje&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;siedmioro&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Существует ли вообще ещё аорист в русском языке?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No it does not. All past forms had been replaced with a single past form originating from perfect. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Есть ли у него такое же значение, как у древнегреческого аориста?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Church Slavonic uses aorist in pretty much the same way Modern English uses past simple: to describe one-off, integral events in past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this form (&lt;em&gt;убивахом&lt;/em&gt;) is plural and imperfect (&quot;we used to kill&quot;) and is here only for styling purposes. It's ungrammatical if parsed according to Church Slavonic rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T10:47:32.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10606" CreationDate="2015-09-14T10:48:22.027" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Семерых&lt;/em&gt; - это винительный падеж от &lt;em&gt;семеро&lt;/em&gt;. Это форма числительного, именуемая &lt;em&gt;собирательная&lt;/em&gt;. Например, &lt;em&gt;семеро одного не ждут&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;трое в лодке, не считая собаки&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;двое - это компания, а трое - уже толпа&lt;/em&gt; и т.п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Аорист&lt;/em&gt; в современном русском языке не используется, хотя попадаются вот такие отдельные реликты. Насчёт истории, вопрос довольно сложный, так как аорист присутствует и в церковнославянском, и в древнерусском языках. Церковнославянский же язык, как известно, был создан &quot;с оглядкой&quot; на древнегреческий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T10:48:22.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10615" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10620" CreationDate="2015-09-14T10:50:53.967" Score="4" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Из-за тебя я ухаживала за твоим товарищем, и вот он встал на ноги. А мне никто ничего не должен. Я, значит, всем должна?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Меня всегда учили, что &lt;em&gt;должен&lt;/em&gt; значит то же, что и &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt;. Видимо, здесь это не так. Как бы лучше всего понять значение слова &lt;em&gt;должен&lt;/em&gt; в этом контексте? Может, &lt;em&gt;у меня обязанности перед кем-либо&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-09-14T11:14:33.043" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T14:14:05.583" Title="Слово должен в значении другом чем &quot;should&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10607" CreationDate="2015-09-14T10:57:00.597" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Стало быть&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;значит&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;следовательно&lt;/em&gt;. Само сочетание когда-то являлось формой прошедшего времени (перфект) от глагола &lt;em&gt;стать&lt;/em&gt;, но в современном русском языке перфекта больше нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T10:57:00.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10607" CreationDate="2015-09-14T11:00:58.010" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;СТАЛО БЫТЬ, вводное выражение и союз&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вводное выражение. &lt;strong&gt;То же, что «следовательно, значит, выходит».&lt;/strong&gt; Выделяется знаками препинания, обычно запятыми. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но, на беду, это все был народ, с которым было трудно ладить, народ торопливый, занятой или же принадлежащий свету, – стало быть, еще более занятой, нежели всякий другой, и потому нетерпеливый до крайности. Н. Гоголь, Портрет. Ты, стало быть, уже уезжаешь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Союз. Синтаксические конструкции с союзом «стало быть» обособляются.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Говорю, выходи, стало быть и выходи! А. Чехов, Маска. Яков не искал реальных, осязательных последствий от своего стучания для того дела, за которое он «стоял» столь неуклонно среди глухих стен и не менее глухих к его обличениям людей; он видел «пользу» уже в самом факте «стояния» за Бога и за великого государя, стало быть поступал так «для души». В. Короленко, Яшка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В Вашем предложении &quot;стало быть&quot; - вводное выражение.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-09-14T11:06:40.463" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T11:06:40.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10612" CreationDate="2015-09-14T11:02:42.267" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it's a Church Slavonic word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Modern Russian does not use plural of &lt;em&gt;человек&lt;/em&gt; at all (it would be &lt;em&gt;в людях&lt;/em&gt;), and even if it would do, it would revert the second palatalization on the morpheme boundary (that is, it would be &lt;em&gt;*в человеках&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T11:02:42.267" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10608" CreationDate="2015-09-14T11:05:46.640" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дай&lt;/em&gt; - это императив от глагола &lt;em&gt;дать&lt;/em&gt; (совершенный вид), а &lt;em&gt;давай&lt;/em&gt; - императив от &lt;em&gt;давать&lt;/em&gt; (несовершенный вид).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Грубо говоря, &lt;em&gt;дай&lt;/em&gt; = дай сделать &lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt;, а &lt;em&gt;давай&lt;/em&gt; = давай сделаем &lt;strong&gt;вместе&lt;/strong&gt; (иногда также, сделай &lt;strong&gt;сам&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Да, вместо &lt;em&gt;дайте мы вам объясним&lt;/em&gt;, нужно говорить &lt;em&gt;давайте мы вам объясним&lt;/em&gt;, но это одна из тех &quot;разговорных&quot; ошибок на грани просторечия, которые время от времени допускают почти все носители языка. В данном случае, возможно, текст был стилизован под разговорную речь, возможно также, что там велось повествование от имени некоего не слишком интеллигентного субъекта и т.п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-09-14T12:36:07.853" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T12:36:07.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10615" CreationDate="2015-09-14T11:13:19.617" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;This passage might mean something like that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I've been taking care of your friend, and look at him now, back on his feet. But none owes me anything. So what, was it me who owed everyone?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian modal &lt;em&gt;должен&lt;/em&gt; (that without nominal object) does not really distinguish between &quot;be&quot; (as in &quot;you are to do smth.&quot;), &quot;ought&quot; (= &quot;owed&quot;), &quot;should&quot; or &quot;must&quot;, it requires context to understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, when used with the nominal object in dative (&lt;em&gt;быть должным кому-то&lt;/em&gt;), it means &quot;to owe someone&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-09-14T14:14:05.583" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T14:14:05.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10609" CreationDate="2015-09-14T11:16:10.800" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Даже затрудняюсь объяснить какое тут правило действует, но почему-то всегда говорят &lt;em&gt;дрался как лев&lt;/em&gt;, а вот, например, &lt;em&gt;юркнул ужом&lt;/em&gt; - вполне нормально. В общем, тут всё зависит от глагола.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T11:16:10.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10615" CreationDate="2015-09-14T11:19:41.370" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's like this (the literal meaning of &lt;em&gt;должен&lt;/em&gt; here is 'to be in debt'):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been taking care of your mate, now he's on his own feet again. Looks like no one owes me anything. Does that all mean I'm the only one who always owes everyone?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T11:19:41.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10615" CreationDate="2015-09-14T11:20:41.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;В данном случае можно сказать, что &lt;strong&gt;&quot;должен&quot;, &quot;должна&quot; означает наличие обязательств перед кем-то.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А мне никто ничего не должен. Я, значит, всем должна? - &lt;strong&gt;А передо мной ни у кого нет никаких обязательств. А у меня, значит, есть обязательства перед всеми?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case we can say that &quot;must&quot;, &quot;must&quot; means that there are commitments in front of someone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I don't have to. I mean, everyone needs? - In front of me and no one has any obligations. And I have, therefore, has obligations to all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-09-14T11:35:00.187" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T11:35:00.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10610" CreationDate="2015-09-14T11:21:16.653" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Был вором&lt;/em&gt; = занимался воровством; &lt;em&gt;был вор&lt;/em&gt; = являлся вором по своей сути.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это примерно как в английском &lt;em&gt;What he was&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;Who he was&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T11:21:16.653" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10625" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10611" CreationDate="2015-09-14T11:53:23.987" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Отдувайся&quot; is the imperative form. One of a number of indirect uses of imperative is &lt;em&gt;the imperative of obligation&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2#482&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;). It is typically used in the folowing structure:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;[Situation], а [obligation]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One part of such a sentence describes the situation that leads to the necessity of performing an action the speaker considers unpleasant (which is described in the second part). The action one is forced to perform is in imperative then. It usually should be performed  by the first person, and this person would rather avoid it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он даже будильник не поставил, а мы теперь жди его. ~ He did not even set his alarm clock, and now we should wait for him (which we are not happy about).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2388" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T11:53:23.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10611" CreationDate="2015-09-14T11:55:15.253" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это повелительное наклонение, а в русском императиве нет формы для первого лица (за исключением &lt;em&gt;побудительной&lt;/em&gt; у некоторых глаголов, типа &lt;em&gt;идёмте&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;умрёмте&lt;/em&gt; и т.п.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В данном случае &lt;em&gt;мы - отдувайся&lt;/em&gt; то же, что &lt;em&gt;нам отдуваться&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T11:55:15.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10611" CreationDate="2015-09-14T12:06:05.070" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не существует глагольный формы повелительного наклонения, согласованной с первым лицом (себе не приказывают; здесь &quot;мы&quot;), поэтому применяется вариант без попытки согласования и с множественным числом - это не привело бы к упорядочиванию. Домысливается, будто каждому из &quot;нас&quot; приказали: отдувайся.&#xA;Альтернативной формой мог бы быть отказ от повелительного наклонения: &quot;а нам (приходится) отдуваться&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P.S.&lt;/strong&gt; Похожий случай сочетания повелительного наклонения с третьим лицом мн.ч.: &quot;а они возьми, да и умри оба&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T12:06:05.070" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10609" CreationDate="2015-09-14T12:27:17.020" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Категорического запрета нет, но при использовании творительного падежа возможна двусмысленность. Например, в вашем примере &quot;Он дрался за выживание львом&quot;, у меня первое впечатление от фразы было будто он использовал льва как оружие в драке. В меньшей степени двуссмысленность проявляется при изменении порядка слов, &lt;em&gt;Он львом дрался за выживание&lt;/em&gt;, поэтому в таких конструкциях слово в творительном падеже &lt;strong&gt;всегда&lt;/strong&gt; должно стоять рядом со сказуемым.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я волком бы выгрыз&lt;/strong&gt; бюрократизм.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  К мандатам почтения нету.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  К любым чертям с матерями катись&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  любая бумажка. Но эту...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В. В. Маяковский &quot;Стихи о советском паспорте&quot; 1929 г.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastEditorUserId="5405" LastEditDate="2015-09-15T13:41:32.617" LastActivityDate="2015-09-15T13:41:32.617" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10609" CreationDate="2015-09-14T12:49:45.873" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Судя по внешним признакам, &lt;em&gt;обстоятельство образа действия&lt;/em&gt; с использованием существительных в тв. падеже должно однозначно &lt;em&gt;связываться с глаголом&lt;/em&gt; - от этого зависит сама возможность построения фразы. В предложении &quot;Он дрался за выживание львом&quot; связь с глаголом не просматривается и смысл &quot;дрался (как?) подобно льву&quot; утерян полностью (возникает вопрос: что за &quot;выживание львом&quot; - превратился во льва и выжил?). В то же время, при другом порядке слов смысл можно поправить, хотя по стилю выражение останется не совсем удачным: &quot;он львом дрался за выживание&quot; - это уже понятно (дрался храбро как лев), хотя изящества этому выражению сам приём не даёт. Возможно, для стилистических ограничений имеет значение сочетаемость (или даже идиоматическая связь) глагола с используемыми существительными: птицы сидят, волки грызут добычу...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я волком бы выгрыз бюрократизм... (В. Маяковский)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вывод такой: фразу таким способом можно построить практически всегда, но не всегда она будет выглядеть естественной. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T12:49:45.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10608" CreationDate="2015-09-14T13:08:52.583" Score="3" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;kbd&gt;Дайте&lt;/kbd&gt; мы объясним (выполним, сделаем, ...)&#xA; Give us the function of explanation (execution, doing, ...)&#xA; Hand over the function of (...) to us.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;kbd&gt;Давайте&lt;/kbd&gt; мы объясним (выполним, сделаем, ...)&#xA; Let us explain (execute, do, ...) that.&#xA;&#xA;&#xA; Give me a chance to explain...&#xA;&lt;kbd&gt;Дайте&lt;/kbd&gt; мне шанс объясниться... &#xA;&#xA;&#xA; Let me explain...&#xA;&lt;kbd&gt;Давайте&lt;/kbd&gt; я поясню... &#xA;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В приведенных выше примерах Вы не можете заменить &lt;kbd&gt;Давайте&lt;/kbd&gt;&amp;lt;≠&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;Дайте&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA; May I &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;explain&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; that?&#xA;             \ ____________with emphasis on&#xA;              \&#xA;&lt;kbd&gt;Давайте&lt;/kbd&gt; я &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;объясню&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; это?&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA; May &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;I&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; explain that?&#xA;      \ __________________with emphasis on&#xA;       \&#xA;&lt;kbd&gt;Дайте&lt;/kbd&gt; &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;я&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; это объясню.&#xA;         \&#xA;Позвольте &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;мне&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; это объяснить?&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этих примерах возможна замена &lt;kbd&gt;Давайте&lt;/kbd&gt;&amp;lt;=&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;Дайте&lt;/kbd&gt; , если смысловой [акцент, усиление, ударение] сделан типографически.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T13:08:52.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10601" CreationDate="2015-09-14T13:14:43.237" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Животное&lt;/strong&gt; is a nominalised adjective. These retain their adjectival declension in Russian but are otherwise treated as nouns for all intents and purposes. So for example there's &lt;strong&gt;столовая&lt;/strong&gt; the adjective, meaning &quot;table&quot; (as in &quot;table spoon&quot;), and there's &lt;strong&gt;столовая&lt;/strong&gt; the noun, meaning &quot;canteen&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it's worth noting that &lt;strong&gt;животное&lt;/strong&gt; and other taxonomical terms were (I think) 18th-century scholarly coinages calqued (with some liberties) from Latin and given a Church Slavonic-esque sound:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;животные&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Animalia&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;млекопитающие&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Mammalia&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;земноводные&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Amphibia&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;насекомые&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Insecta&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пресмыкающиеся&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Reptilia&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— and with the exception of the latter, they were these nominalised adjectives right from the start, and hadn't really had a prior history as adjectives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where &lt;strong&gt;животный&lt;/strong&gt; does get used as an adjective in modern Russian (as in &lt;strong&gt;животная притягательность&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;animal magnetism&quot;), it's actually a &lt;em&gt;back&lt;/em&gt;-transition into an adjective meaning &quot;of or pertaining to animals&quot;, from the noun &quot;animal&quot;, from a theoretical Church Slavonic adjective meaning &quot;endowed with life&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T13:14:43.237" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10610" CreationDate="2015-09-14T15:01:31.797" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that what you have here is the &lt;strong&gt;complex predicate&lt;/strong&gt; consisting of the helping verb &quot;be&quot; (&quot;есть&quot; : &quot;был&quot; 3rd person Past Tense) &lt;em&gt;and the noun phrase&lt;/em&gt;.  That is similar to the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я - пользователь на сайте StackExchange.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that sentence '&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;' - subject and '&lt;strong&gt;пользователь&lt;/strong&gt;' - predicate.  The verb 'есть' is omitted and replaced with a dash.  With the verb omitted the noun has nominative case.  With the verb, like in your sentence, it can be in Instrumental case or in Nominative case.  See more &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.licey.net/russian/syntax/r1_1_5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-09-14T15:01:31.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10610" CreationDate="2015-09-15T08:41:33.170" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;В подтверждение версии, высказанной @user4419802:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В позиции именной части сказуемого именительный падеж конкурирует с творительным падежом. Форма &lt;strong&gt;именительного&lt;/strong&gt; падежа употребляется тогда, когда речь идет о &lt;em&gt;постоянном&lt;/em&gt; признаке, присущем носителю на протяжении длительного промежутка времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6&quot;&gt;Именительный падеж в позиции именной части сказуемого&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Также:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Имя существительное в роли именной части употребляется обычно в формах именительного или творительного падежа. &lt;strong&gt;Именительный&lt;/strong&gt; обозначает признак &lt;em&gt;постоянный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;устойчивый&lt;/em&gt;. При отнесенности к плану прошлого, такой именительный может восприниматься как архаичный. Признак &lt;em&gt;временный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;непостоянный&lt;/em&gt; передается чаще при помощи формы &lt;strong&gt;творительного&lt;/strong&gt; падежа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hi-edu.ru/e-books/xbook089/01/part-015.htm&quot;&gt;Именная часть сказуемого&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Т.е. в данном случае возможно такое противопоставление:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(В то время) он был &lt;strong&gt;вором&lt;/strong&gt; (но потом прекратил заниматься воровством).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он был &lt;strong&gt;вор&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;со стажем&lt;/em&gt; (т.е. это являлось его основным занятием).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или даже оба падежа вместе:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он был &lt;strong&gt;вор вором&lt;/strong&gt; (т.е. отъявленным вором).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5269" LastActivityDate="2015-09-15T08:41:33.170" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10634" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10635" CreationDate="2015-09-15T11:59:42.123" Score="0" ViewCount="703" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Неподавшие&quot; пишется слитно или раздельно?&#xA;Предложение:&#xA;Сделать что-то с лицами, неподавшими документы на оформление пропуска&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5991" LastActivityDate="2015-09-15T12:46:48.153" Title="Как пишется &quot;неподавшие документы лица&quot;?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10635" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10634" CreationDate="2015-09-15T12:10:26.703" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should write it separately: &lt;em&gt;не подавшими&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal, 70.2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пишется раздельно &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; с причастиями, имеющими при себе пояснительные слова, например: &lt;em&gt;не возвращенная автору рукопись, не замеченные корректором опечатки, не сданные в срок гранки, не изданные при жизни писателя варианты отдельных глав романа&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примечание 1. Данное правило распространяется и на те случаи, когда причастие с пояснительными словами образует часть составного сказуемого, например: &lt;em&gt;Многие письма писателя остались не опубликованными при его жизни; Бездарность сойдет со сцены не замеченной в искусстве&lt;/em&gt;. Ср. в другой синтаксической конструкции: &lt;em&gt;Трудно представить себе его не участвующим активно в общественной жизни.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-15T12:46:48.153" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10636" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-15T20:10:27.693" Score="7" ViewCount="536" Body="&lt;p&gt;A hustler is a person, who does something useful and talks a lot about it, as shown below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Fqy7E.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Fqy7E.png&quot; alt=&quot;Charlatan, Martyr and Hustler&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a good expression for that in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm interested only in those expressions, which regard hustling as something positive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1640" LastActivityDate="2015-09-16T04:49:49.300" Title="What do you call a hustler in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10636" CreationDate="2015-09-15T20:46:10.223" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not exactly what are you looking for, but if we take Webster's definition of &quot;hustler&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;an ambitious person who eagerly goes after what is desired &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, the best Russian correspondence I believe would be &lt;em&gt;хват&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ХВАТ, -а; м. Нар.-разг.&lt;/em&gt; Бойкий, ловкий, удалой человек. Держаться, выглядеть хватом. Х. парень, детина, баба. Ай да хваты ребята! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-09-15T20:46:10.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10636" CreationDate="2015-09-15T21:32:15.323" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the best variant is the adjective &lt;em&gt;бойкий&lt;/em&gt; which stands for both &lt;em&gt;determined&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;lively&lt;/em&gt;. Quite often that implies that one likes talking too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If only one noun is needed then it can be formed by prefix &quot;&lt;em&gt;бой-&lt;/em&gt;&quot; as the following: &lt;em&gt;бой-парень&lt;/em&gt; (guy), &lt;em&gt;бой-девка&lt;/em&gt; (girl), &lt;em&gt;бой-баба&lt;/em&gt; (woman).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-15T21:32:15.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10608" CreationDate="2015-09-15T22:56:36.950" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with the answer by Avtokod. I do not think it is ungrammatical besides the excessive comma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is some difference in meaning. As Avtokod says дайте is more used when hand over of a function is requested. It impyes the action will be done by the speaker without participation of the addressee. In this context I would understand it as the speaker requests the addressee to mute and keep quiet until he finishes the explanation rather than actively participate, ask questions etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давайте я вам объясню = Let me explain this to you with your&#xA;  participation (you can ask questions in the process etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дайте я вам объясню = Allow me to explain this, do not interrupt me&#xA;  please. Please keep quiet, allow me to talk. You will understand everything after I finished so please do not ask questions until I stopped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-09-15T23:01:52.767" LastActivityDate="2015-09-15T23:01:52.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10636" CreationDate="2015-09-16T04:49:49.300" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;увлеченный человек&quot; - это, кажется, наиболее близкое&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5550" LastActivityDate="2015-09-16T04:49:49.300" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10641" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10642" CreationDate="2015-09-16T16:55:20.847" Score="7" ViewCount="446" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this song lyric:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мой парень снова влип в дурные дела&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;влип&quot; appears (I checked two lyrics sites), but I can't find it in any online dictionaries. What does it mean? And would the sentence still be grammatically correct without it? (ie. &quot;Мой парень снова в дурные дела&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastActivityDate="2015-09-16T18:01:03.830" Title="What does &quot;влип&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10641" CreationDate="2015-09-16T17:43:05.947" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Влип&lt;/em&gt; is the past tense of the verb &lt;em&gt;влипнуть&lt;/em&gt; which literally means &lt;em&gt;get into something sticky&lt;/em&gt;. Here this word is used in colloquial meaning much close to English &lt;strong&gt;get into a mess&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-16T17:43:05.947" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10641" CreationDate="2015-09-16T18:01:03.830" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This widely used informal expression means someone's got into an unpleasant situation with inevitable consequences. There's also a famous saying &quot;влип, очкарик!&quot; (you got stuck, foureyes!) from a very popular Soviet movie, where those words were said to the main character wearing glasses who'd literally got stuck in a pool of tar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-09-16T18:01:03.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10645" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-16T20:27:14.780" Score="6" ViewCount="251" Body="&lt;p&gt;may I ask you to help me regarding the word &lt;strong&gt;memorable&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;unforgettable&lt;/strong&gt;? In specific I would like to know when (in which scenario) a real russian person uses &lt;strong&gt;незабвенный&lt;/strong&gt; and/or &lt;strong&gt;незабываемый&lt;/strong&gt;. I ask because my dictionaries give me the same translations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thank you very much in advance!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5997" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T07:31:14.800" Title="When to use незабвенный / незабываемый?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10646" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10645" CreationDate="2015-09-16T20:50:59.343" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually both &lt;em&gt;незабвенный&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;незабываемый&lt;/em&gt; mean the very same thing. Yet the word &lt;em&gt;незабвенный&lt;/em&gt; is of Church Slavonic origin, and thus it belongs exclusively to a &quot;high-style&quot; (or a parody on it). In everyday speech one should stick to &lt;em&gt;незабываемый&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-16T20:50:59.343" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10647" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10645" CreationDate="2015-09-16T21:30:34.633" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To my ear &quot;&lt;strong&gt;незабвенный&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; actually means the same as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;незабытый&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and not the same as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;незабываемый&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.  I'll try to explain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both English words you have contain the part &quot;able&quot; in them which suggests that their meaning has to do with the &quot;ability to remember/recall&quot; or &quot;ability to forget&quot; (negated with the prefix &quot;un-&quot;), rather than the actual fact of ever-presence in memory/mind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To express similar attribute of something (event, object, notion) in Russian, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;незабываемый&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; would be used.  It has the passive voice form (the active voice form would be &quot;&lt;strong&gt;незабыва&lt;em&gt;ющий&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;).  The adjective &quot;&lt;strong&gt;забытый&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;незабытый&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; as well) is formed from the &lt;em&gt;perfect&lt;/em&gt; verb &quot;забыть&quot;, whereas &quot;[&lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;-]&lt;strong&gt;забываемый&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is formed from the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;im&lt;/strong&gt;perfect&lt;/em&gt; verb &quot;&lt;strong&gt;забывать&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Незабытый&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (rarely used, I think) means &quot;&lt;em&gt;one that &lt;strong&gt;wasn't&lt;/strong&gt; forgotten&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;незабвенный&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; has the same meaning, while &quot;&lt;strong&gt;незабываемый&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; means &quot;&lt;em&gt;one that &lt;strong&gt;can't&lt;/strong&gt; be forgotten&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;not able to be forgotten&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;unforgettable&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-09-16T21:30:34.633" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10648" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-17T01:09:31.630" Score="2" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is an alternative way to say 'тотчас же?' Maybe it is not really in use anymore, but it keeps popping up in Russian literature I'm reading, and it's a bit hard to get out sometimes. What is a more modern way to say 'at once/immediately'? Сразу?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-07-12T13:56:23.407" LastActivityDate="2016-07-12T13:56:23.407" Title="Alternative to 'тотчас же'" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10649" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10648" CreationDate="2015-09-17T01:45:46.930" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can also say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;сейчас же&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;немедленно&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;в мгновение ока&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, and, as you suggested, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;сразу [же]&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between &quot;&lt;strong&gt;тотчас&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and, say, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;сейчас&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, is that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;тотчас&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; refers to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;тот&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; &quot;&lt;strong&gt;час&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, that is, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;that hour&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;&lt;strong&gt;that time&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;), where as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;сейчас&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; refers to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;сей час&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;this hour&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;&lt;strong&gt;this time&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-09-17T01:45:46.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10648" CreationDate="2015-09-17T06:15:50.213" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;That expression is mainly used in literature; probably &quot;&lt;strong&gt;тут же&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is its closest version in everyday speech. While it literally means '&lt;em&gt;right here&lt;/em&gt;' it marks the immediate point in both space and time. Other expressions for specific cases of action include: &quot;сразу же&quot;, &quot;сходу&quot;, &quot;не мешкая&quot;, &quot;не долго думая&quot;, &quot;спешно&quot;, &quot;в ту же минуту&quot;, &quot;через мгновение&quot;и т. п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-09-17T06:15:50.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10651" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2015-09-17T09:29:17.313" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2015-09-17T09:29:17.313" LastActivityDate="2015-09-17T09:29:17.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10652" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2015-09-17T09:29:17.313" Score="0" Body="Questions about different words having the same or similar meaning." OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-11-28T22:30:09.860" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T22:30:09.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10645" CreationDate="2015-09-17T09:41:00.927" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference in usage is really dramatic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.&amp;quot;Незабываемый&amp;quot; (&lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt; unforgettable, memorable) is mainly said &lt;strong&gt;of events&lt;/strong&gt; including recent ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Это был незабываемый вечер&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;(зрелище, театральная постановка,&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;свидание - в таком-то году, вчера или даже сегодня).&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, it's not typical to use words like &amp;quot;(ты/он) незабываемый&amp;quot; when expressing the idea that you won't forget the person you met or still remember them - you'd rather say directly &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;я буду тебя (его, её) помнить&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(помню, не забуду, не могу забыть)&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;мне не забыть тебя&amp;quot;,&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;его невозможно забыть&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.&amp;quot;Незабвенный&amp;quot; (&lt;em&gt;someone&lt;/em&gt; out of oblivion - &amp;quot;не преданный забвению&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;до сих пор не забытый&amp;quot;) is said &lt;strong&gt;of a person&lt;/strong&gt; not seen for some time by those present or even of someone who'd passed. This word is only mentioned in addition to that persons name: as with the example above, it's not typical to say &amp;quot;он (имя) незабвенный&amp;quot;. As mentioned in other answers, the word mainly belongs to refined style of speech and sometimes is used ironically. In poetry it may also be used to point at some memorable day in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Незабвенный профессор Преображенский&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;в таких случаях начинал чертыхаться.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-17T09:48:58.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10648" CreationDate="2015-09-17T10:38:07.283" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не заглядывая в словари, могу сказать, что &lt;strong&gt;тотчас же&lt;/strong&gt; это абсолютно книжное выражение и в разговорной речи практически не употребляется. В разговорной речи употребляются чаще всего такие &quot;аналоги&quot; этого выражения, как &lt;strong&gt;сейчас же&lt;/strong&gt;и &lt;strong&gt;сразу же.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not looking in dictionaries, I can say that &lt;strong&gt;тотчас же&lt;/strong&gt; this brand book expression in colloquial speech is not used practically. In colloquial speech used most often such &quot;analogues&quot; of this expression, &lt;strong&gt;сейчас же&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;сразу же&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-09-17T12:15:08.483" LastActivityDate="2015-09-17T12:15:08.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10645" CreationDate="2015-09-17T11:43:26.487" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово &quot;незабвенный&quot; в многих словарях дано с пометой (книжн.) - книжное, (высок.) - высокое, (торж.) - торжественное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://xn--b1algemdcsb.xn--p1ai/term/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://xn--b1algemdcsb.xn--p1ai/term/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово же &quot;незабываемый&quot; стилистичекски нейтрально и может употребляться и в книгах и в разговорной речи. В разговорной речи слово &quot;незабвенный&quot; употребляется очень редко, а слово &quot;незабываемый&quot; употребляется в разговорной речи часто.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word &lt;strong&gt;&quot;незабываемый&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; neutral style and can be used and in books and in colloquial speech. In colloquial speech a word &lt;strong&gt;&quot;незабвенный&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is used very rarely, and a word &lt;strong&gt;&quot;незабываемый&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is used in colloquial speech often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-09-17T11:50:36.263" LastActivityDate="2015-09-17T11:50:36.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4150" CreationDate="2015-09-17T18:40:30.153" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ufolog.ru/names/order/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.ufolog.ru/names/order/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Фамилия Тальский указывает на имя основателя рода. Фамилия Тальский образована от еврейского мужского имени Таль (טל), которое в переводе на русский язык означает «роса».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Согласно другой гипотезе, фамилия Тальский имеет славянское происхождение и восходит к названию поселка в Хасынском районе Магаданской области, расположенного в долине реки Талой – Талая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Первое упоминание о поселке Талая обнаружено в документах церковного архива поселка Ямска за 190-1906 годы. В них говорится, что купец Афанасий Бушуев в 1868 году открыл целебные свойства тальской воды, замораживал воду и продавал населению лед, как лечебное средство.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://toldot.ru/urava/lnames/lnames_21068.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://toldot.ru/urava/lnames/lnames_21068.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Фамилия Тальский произошла от названия деревни Таль в Бобруйской области, деревни Талька в Игуменской области или городка Тальное в Уманьской области. (Эта информация взята из книги «A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from the Russian Empire» Александра Бейдера, см. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.avotaynu.com/books/DJSRE2.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.avotaynu.com/books/DJSRE2.htm&lt;/a&gt;). Очевидно, предок носителя этой фамилии был выходцем из одного из этих мест.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-09-17T18:40:30.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10657" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10660" CreationDate="2015-09-17T20:10:18.043" Score="11" ViewCount="782" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've recently come across this expression in two sentences and the dictionaries are no help:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Слышь, сегодня лучше не попадайся на глаза шефу: он, &lt;strong&gt;по ходу&lt;/strong&gt;,&#xA;  озверел из-за чего-то там.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;По ходу&lt;/strong&gt;, нас кинули!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-05-28T08:55:43.613" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T18:35:40.543" Title="Meaning of &quot;по ходу&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="21" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10658" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10657" CreationDate="2015-09-17T20:34:04.317" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Phrase &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;по ходу&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; here is a &lt;strong&gt;parasite word&lt;/strong&gt;, similar to &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;like&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I mean&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; in modern times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Listen, today you better hide from the boss' eyes: he, &lt;strong&gt;like&lt;/strong&gt;, went berserk because of something there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I mean&lt;/strong&gt;, we're thrown!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(not sure about this one, &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;нас [про]кинули&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; used to be more common, I've not heard &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;нам&lt;/em&gt; кинули&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In language proper, those two words are a part of &amp;quot;по х&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;ду д&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;ла&amp;quot;, which literally means &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;along the way of business/lawsuit&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-17T20:34:04.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10659" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10657" CreationDate="2015-09-17T21:03:50.580" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a filler word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Its meaning is &amp;quot;along the way&amp;quot;, but it's used as a variation of &lt;em&gt;похоже&lt;/em&gt; which means &amp;quot;like&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;it seems&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слышь, сегодня лучше не попадайся на глаза шефу: он, по ходу, озверел из-за чего-то там.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yo, don't let the boss get his eye on you today, he's kinda freaking out because of some shit&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-17T21:03:50.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10657" CreationDate="2015-09-17T23:22:07.860" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the modern Russian vernacular, “&lt;em&gt;по ходу&lt;/em&gt;” is used instead of “&lt;em&gt;похоже&lt;/em&gt;” to mean “&lt;em&gt;probably&lt;/em&gt;”. That's a new phenomenon, and I think that's ugly, too. “&lt;em&gt;Похоже&lt;/em&gt;” is substituted by “&lt;em&gt;по ходу&lt;/em&gt;” mostly by students, both in high schools and in higher education.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;=========================&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В современном разговорном русском &quot;&lt;code&gt;по ходу&lt;/code&gt;&quot; используется вместо &quot;&lt;code&gt;похоже&lt;/code&gt;&quot; в значении &quot;&lt;code&gt;вероятно&lt;/code&gt;&quot;.  Это явление новое и, по-моему, уродливое.  &quot;&lt;code&gt;По ходу&lt;/code&gt;&quot; вместо &quot;&lt;code&gt;похоже&lt;/code&gt;&quot; говорят в основном школьники или студенты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На более правильном разговорном русском (если считать &quot;&lt;code&gt;слышь&lt;/code&gt;&quot; правильным :) ) вышеприведённые предложения звучат так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Слышь, сегодня лучше не попадайся на глаза шефу: он, похоже, озверел&#xA;  из-за чего-то там.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Похоже, нас кинули!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А ещё &quot;по ходу&quot; означает on the course. Пример:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;И рвутся аорты,&#xA;Но наверх - не сметь!&#xA;Там слева по борту,&#xA;Там справа по борту,&#xA;Там прямо по ходу&#xA;Мешает проходу&#xA;Рогатая смерть!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Владимир Высоцкий)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Речь идёт о гибнущей подводной лодке, которая не может всплыть, потому что на поверхности слишком много мин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наконец, &quot;&lt;code&gt;по ходу&lt;/code&gt;&quot; может означать &quot;в процессе, во время осуществления чего-либо&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83&lt;/a&gt;) Чаще всего употребляется &quot;&lt;code&gt;по ходу дела&lt;/code&gt;&quot;.  Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И Райкин стал повсюду искать духи с этим запахом, по ходу дела&#xA;  приобретая другие понравившиеся ароматы или просто изысканные флаконы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В общем, я решил, что сориентируюсь по ходу дела ― и был прав.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="8357" LastEditDate="2017-02-18T07:12:55.273" LastActivityDate="2017-02-18T07:12:55.273" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10645" CreationDate="2015-09-18T00:33:57.257" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Незабываемый&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be correctly only applied to things and events. It roughly means &quot;producing impression&quot;, &quot;producing emotion&quot;. It can be applied to night, tour, glance, taste, eyes, amusement etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Незабвенный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is very high-style. A Church-Slavonic borrowing. Roughly translates as &quot;exceptional&quot;, &quot;blazing&quot;, &quot;outstanding&quot;. It can be applied only to actors, poets or heroes and their deeds. This implyes that those people had perished or had not been seen for a long time. This implyes their impact is still substantial yet the people most likely are not currently widely known, they just sparked in the past. They are more part of eternity rather than current events and discourse, yet memory of them is somehow kept by the followers or monuments. Applicable to people, deeds, sacrifice, heroism, victory, popularity, recognition and other achievements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You cannot apply it to people of the past who are very well known, like presidents or national leaders of the recent past. It is applicable only to relatively half-forgotten yet exceptional people. It has a taste of sore and pittyness, maybe melancholy and a lot of internal strength.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To produce super-duper high-style you can combine several Church-Slavonic borrowings: незабвенная клятва, незабвенное знамя, незабвенное пламя etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In sum, незабываемый means unforgettable, impressing, while незабвенный is... infallable to oblivion (забвение means oblivion and similarly high-style).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2019-01-08T11:27:04.220" LastActivityDate="2019-01-08T11:27:04.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10662" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10663" CreationDate="2015-09-18T08:50:20.630" Score="6" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between распродажа and акция? When should one be used rather than the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="66" LastActivityDate="2015-09-18T21:06:20.733" Title="Translating &quot;Sale&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10662" CreationDate="2015-09-18T09:05:49.250" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Распродажа&lt;/strong&gt;- это продажа товаров по сниженным ценам, которая продолжается до тех пор, пока весь товар не будет продан. &lt;strong&gt;Акция&lt;/strong&gt; может продолжаться даже всего один день с таким &lt;strong&gt;рекламным слоганом&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;У нас сегодня акция: покупаете две бутылки вина, третья бутылка - бесплатно!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Распродажа&lt;/strong&gt; is a sale of goods at reduced prices, which continues until all goods are sold out. &lt;strong&gt;Акция&lt;/strong&gt; can continue even for just one day with an advertising slogan like &quot;Just today: buy two bottles of wine, the third bottle for free&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2015-09-18T21:06:20.733" LastActivityDate="2015-09-18T21:06:20.733" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10662" CreationDate="2015-09-18T10:06:24.560" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that распродажа is not necessarily requires that &quot;all goods are to be sold&quot;. For example &quot;рождественская распродажа&quot; just means that during some period of time before Christmas the prices are lower than usual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Распродажа usually have a simple rule: &quot;all prices are 50% off&quot; or &quot;these items are 50% off and those only 30% off&quot;, or &quot;old collection items have their prices 50% off (and new ones have their regular price)&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for акция (which is a short form of рекламная акция) it have more complex rules like &quot;3rd item in a check is sold at 50% of regular price&quot; or &quot;When you buy a toothpaste you got toothbrush free&quot;, etc. So, it is more targeted or focused. And, of course &quot;акция&quot; may also end when all the goods that participate in it are sold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2015-09-18T10:06:24.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10662" CreationDate="2015-09-18T11:27:13.877" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference, according to Russia's practice in recent years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Акция&quot; is a type of sale announced for a very short period of time. It is aimed either at promotion of some new goods or at fast partial selling of goods exceeding available room for storage (just after getting a big party of goods like food). In both cases the goods are usually of proper quality but at lower prices (+ sometimes tricks with prices are used to persuade buyers into buying more items).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;распродажа&quot; usually means to a potential buyer, that the seller has problems with selling those goods and has decided to get rid of their supplies or even to finish with that business. The buyers expect they'd get something not of top quality but attractively cheaper than usual.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-09-18T11:27:13.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10666" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10667" CreationDate="2015-09-18T20:24:08.117" Score="2" ViewCount="104" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В русском языке есть слово мир, слово дом, а еще слово слово.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В русском языке есть слово &quot;мир&quot;, слово &quot;дом&quot;, а еще слово &quot;слово&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как правильно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6006" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2015-09-18T20:37:37.297" LastActivityDate="2015-09-18T21:25:50.317" Title="Слово слово или слово &quot;слово&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10666" CreationDate="2015-09-18T21:03:12.720" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильно с кавычками:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В русском языке есть слово &quot;мир&quot;, слово &quot;дом&quot;, а еще слово &quot;слово&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кавычки используются &lt;a href=&quot;http://russkiyyazik.ru/370/&quot;&gt;при переводе значения иноязычного слова, при описании значения слова, и т. п.&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2015-09-18T21:13:40.960" LastActivityDate="2015-09-18T21:13:40.960" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10666" CreationDate="2015-09-18T21:25:50.317" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://old-rozental.ru/punctuatio.php?sid=170#pp170&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;правило&lt;/a&gt;: кавычками выделяются слова, употребленные не в своем обычном значении,  или на которые надо обратить внимание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В вашем предложении «дом» и «мир» точно употреблены не в своем значении, насчет «слова» пусть разбираются специалисты по рекурсии, но внимание на него обратить надо. &#xA;Поэтому кавычки нужны. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В крайнем случае, например, если кавычек получается слишком много, можно использовать шрифт: «слово &lt;strong&gt;слово&lt;/strong&gt;». &#xA;Но совсем никак не выделять, конечно, нельзя. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2015-09-18T21:25:50.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10669" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-19T14:54:48.673" Score="3" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;разве это единственный &quot;паразит&quot;? &lt;strong&gt;Вы гляньте&lt;/strong&gt;, как теперь все&#xA;  повадились &quot;дакать&quot;. Каждое второе слово - &quot;да&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I realize that гляньте is an imperative, but I don't understand the use of the pronoun вы with it, and additionally it seems like some sort of lead-in to what she says next. Is this correct? Is this comparable to any English usage? My guess from the context is something like &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Have you noticed...&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T07:39:08.267" Title="usage of вы гляньте" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10669" CreationDate="2015-09-19T15:23:42.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Гляньте&lt;/strong&gt; - слово из просторечной лексики. Его литературным синонимом является слово &lt;strong&gt;посмотрите&lt;/strong&gt;.  &lt;em&gt;Вы посмотрите, как теперь все повадились &quot;дакать&quot;. Каждое второе слово - &quot;да&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Гляньте&lt;/strong&gt; is the word of the vernacular style. Its literary synonym is the word &lt;strong&gt;посмотрите&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2015-09-24T07:39:08.267" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T07:39:08.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10669" CreationDate="2015-09-19T17:47:35.983" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Speaking about the usage of the pronoun together with the imperative, yes, usually it's omitted, but there are some exceptions. And the most common reason to keep the pronoun is a high expressivity, and (sometimes quite aggressive) attempt to persuade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may also want to consult this (quite lengthy) article on &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2#321&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian Imperative&lt;/a&gt;. The relevant chapter is 3.2.1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-19T17:47:35.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10669" CreationDate="2015-09-19T18:32:54.543" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вы&lt;/em&gt; makes this imperative rhetoric.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not an actual call to go and look at something, it's a figure of speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is somewhat similar to English &amp;quot;oh&amp;quot; added to the beginning of the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Погляди, как он играет // Look at him playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты погляди, как он играет! // Oh look at him playing!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты, погляди, как он играет // You, look at him playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T15:41:38.380" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10673" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10674" CreationDate="2015-09-20T10:38:27.487" Score="5" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first example appears to be not flective at all, like in analytical languages. The second is sound more correctly to me, because it's using grammatical case... Am I right? The second is right and first is wrong?&#xA;Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5977" LastActivityDate="2015-09-20T12:01:26.833" Title="Are there any differences between &quot;купи дорогой сыр&quot; and &quot;купи дорогого сыру&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10673" CreationDate="2015-09-20T10:52:42.427" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first one is &amp;quot;buy &lt;em&gt;the&lt;/em&gt; expensive cheese&amp;quot;, the second one &amp;quot;buy &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; expensive cheese&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As its English counterpart, the first one can only be used in context, since &amp;quot;the&amp;quot;  implies we know what cheese exactly are we talking about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It might be used in a conversation like that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Купи сыру.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Какой сыр покупать? Есть дорогой и дешёвый, но дешёвый невкусный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— У нас сегодня гости. Купи дорогой сыр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This distinction, though, only works for uncountable nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first example appears to be not flective at all, like in analytical languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's used in accusative, which is an oblique case. It's more obvious if we use a 1st desclension noun with different forms in accusative and nominative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вода (nom.) / купи воду (acc.) / купи воды (gen.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-20T10:59:19.480" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10673" CreationDate="2015-09-20T11:26:38.513" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically we may use three cases here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Accusative &lt;em&gt;Купи сыр&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Genitive I &lt;em&gt;Купи сыра&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Genitive II (or Partitive) &lt;em&gt;Купи сыру&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the difference between Acc. and Gen. is referring to definite vs indefinite subject. That is &lt;em&gt;купи сыр&lt;/em&gt; translates into &lt;em&gt;buy cheese&lt;/em&gt;, while &lt;em&gt;купи сыру&lt;/em&gt; into &lt;em&gt;buy some cheese&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Choosing Gen. II over Gen. I is rather optional. Personally, I'd say &quot;&lt;em&gt;купи сыра&lt;/em&gt;&quot; but it's probably the matter of dialect etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-09-20T12:01:26.833" LastActivityDate="2015-09-20T12:01:26.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10676" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-20T14:53:43.497" Score="5" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;p&gt;In «Так что же нам делать?», Lev Nikolaevich wrote &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Я сижу на шее у человека, задавил его и требую, чтобы он вез меня, и, не слезая с него, уверяю себя и других, что я очень жалею и хочу облегчить его положение всеми возможными средствами, но только не тем, чтобы слезть с него.»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally Russian and English grammars agree completely, such that it's possible to translate using the same construction.  But here I'm baffled.  He switches from simple present to simple past and then back again (сижу...задавил...уверяю).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translating directly into English, the construction doesn't work:  &quot;I sit on a person's neck, crushed him and demand, that he carry me...&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd expect him to have written «сижу на шее у человекa, давя его, и требую...», which of course in English would be &quot;I sit on a person's neck, crushing him, and demand that he carry me...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could someone explain?  If we were ever taught how to deal with such constructions, the intervening 50+ years have wiped out the memory. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6013" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-09-21T10:00:10.603" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T10:00:10.603" Title="A strange-seeming construction in Tolstoj" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10676" CreationDate="2015-09-20T15:06:38.867" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian language is not so strict about mixing past and present tense. Consider that Russian Past tense plays both English Simple Past and Present Perfect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you may think this sentence as &lt;em&gt;I sit, I have crushed, I demand&lt;/em&gt; etc. For the sake of better translation, it's also possible to use just participle &lt;em&gt;crushing&lt;/em&gt;, if you'd like to. There's no big difference here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-09-20T15:18:45.587" LastActivityDate="2015-09-20T15:18:45.587" CommentCount="43" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10679" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-21T02:51:25.813" Score="2" ViewCount="209" Body="&lt;p&gt;В чем разница между этими словами? Кажется, что все они имеют одно и то же значение, но отличаются в том, как они используются. К тому же, можно ли привести несколько примеров?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between these words? It seems that all of them have the same meaning but differ from one another in how they are used. Also, could a few examples be provided?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-09-21T04:37:44.553" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T17:13:42.253" Title="Значение слов 'при этом,' 'заодно,' 'одновременно'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10680" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10684" CreationDate="2015-09-21T03:04:13.450" Score="1" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am having a hard time sometimes conceptualizing 'по' when I come across it in my reading.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take for example a sentence from Bulgakov: 'Трудно сказать, что именно подвело Ивана Николаевича – изобразительная ли сила его таланта или полное незнакомство с вопросом, по которому он писал...'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I read this sentence, I view the 'по' as 'along' or 'according to,' but doesn't seem to feel right in this context (writing along or according to a question). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I were to construct a sentence like this myself (from English into Russian)-- 'whether it was the descriptive power of his talent or complete unfamiliarity with the question he was writing about...' I would maybe write it as 'незнакомство с вопросом, над котором он писал' или 'о том, что он писал', but not using 'по.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To reiterate, what should I know about 'по' so I am in a better position to understand what I am reading or hearing and how can I personally better incorporate it in my speech and writing? I know this is a broad and more theoretical question, but comments and insights are very much appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T11:06:59.827" Title="Conceptualization of 'по'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10681" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10692" CreationDate="2015-09-21T03:21:33.843" Score="3" ViewCount="275" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am very interested to know from Russian speakers about their attitude towards Tolstoy's language. When I read any of his work, whether it is his extended writing or short stories, the words he use strike me as being still contemporary and commonplace, as if it could have been written today. Certainly the elevated, aristocratic theme of his works could not be considered reflective of contemporary discourse, but the vocabulary by which he expresses them seems to be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am curious about this, because it has an influence on what I'm inclined to read. To some extent my choice of literature is based on pleasure and I read what I like, however, I don't want to be inundated with too much outdated vocabulary. I want what I'm reading to bear a resemblance to what a Russian speaker might speak today. I think it's good to read eclectically to a certain extent, but I want to know what classic Russian writer's vocabulary is closest to the lexicon of most Russian speakers in the present.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastEditorUserId="5201" LastEditDate="2015-09-21T07:10:05.287" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T05:55:09.253" Title="How Contemporary Is Tolstoy's Language?" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10679" CreationDate="2015-09-21T07:31:53.807" Score="4" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Одновременно&lt;/strong&gt; simply means &lt;strong&gt;at the same time&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Честь имею предупредить, что копию с сего &lt;em&gt;одновременно&lt;/em&gt; посылаю к барону Бьорингу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Заодно&lt;/strong&gt; literally means &lt;em&gt;for one thing&lt;/em&gt; and is used in the sense of either &lt;strong&gt;on the same side, teamwise&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;at the same time&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Выпьют горькое вино&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  На помин души...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Жди. И с ними &lt;em&gt;заодно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Выпить не спеши.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;При этом&lt;/strong&gt; literally means &lt;em&gt;near to this&lt;/em&gt; and denotes the same as &lt;strong&gt;additionally&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;При этом&lt;/em&gt; было сказано как-то даже несколько обидно насчет тоненького мужчины: что он больше ничего, как что-то вроде зубочистки, а не человек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-09-21T15:17:28.403" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T15:17:28.403" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10681" CreationDate="2015-09-21T07:43:30.087" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Язык Толстого немного устарел - все-таки он умер больше ста лет назад, в 1910 году и с тех пор многое изменилось. Но его читать трудно не только по этой причине. Его трудно читать еще и потому, что он пишет плохо. Если же коснуться его &quot;философских&quot; рассуждений - с глубочайшей многозначительностью и бесподобным занудством рассусоливание об элементарнейших предметах, которые постигаются в полной мере к пятнадцати годам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С. Логинов в статье &quot;О графах и графоманах или Почему я не люблю Льва Толстого&quot; приводит пример: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Делаю вторую попытку. Палец сходу упирается в нечто монструазное: &quot;Пятое то, что в нашем обществе, где влюбление между молодым мужчиной и женщиной, имеющее в основе все-таки плотскую любовь, возведено в высшую поэтическую цель стремлений людей, свидетельством чего служит все искусство и поэзия нашего общества, молодые люди лучшее время своей жизни посвящают: мужчины на выглядывание, приискивание и овладевание наилучшими предметами любви в форме любовной связи или брака, а женщины и девушки – на заманиванье и вовлечение мужчин в связь или брак&quot;. Комментарии излишни. Более густую смесь канцелярита с псевдонаучной терминологией трудно себе представить.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из современных писателей я бы посоветовал Пелевина^W Лукьяненко, какого-нибудь Юрия Бригадира, братьев Стругацких (в их случае необходимо будет сделать скидку на то, что им приходилось писать свои произведения при СССР), Андрея Щербакова, Владимира Георгиевича Сорокина. Я бы еще советовал читать блоги в ЖЖ, к примеру (скажем, блог Артемия Лебедева, очень рекомендую его книгу &quot;Ководство&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Константин Михайлов в статье &quot;Язык, который мы потеряли&quot; предлагает черпать знания не у писателей:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Понятно, что изменения в языке, происшедшие за XX век, можно проследить, как уже говорилось, не только на анализе газетных объявлений, но и сравнивая язык писателей, скажем, язык Бунина и Пелевина. Но это будет прежде всего сравнение языка литераторов, на котором ни тогда, ни сейчас никто из обычных людей не писал и не пишет. Иное дело – газетные объявления. Для понимания особенностей языка той уже далекой от нас эпохи эти короткие сообщения ценны прежде всего тем, что язык объявлений – это массовый, так сказать, «шаблонный» язык того времени: язык средних городских слоев – учителей, врачей, студентов, гимназистов, гувернанток, выпускниц разного рода женских курсов (типа Бестужевских), священнослужителей, части купцов и предпринимателей и т.п. Давая объявления в газету (о продаже дома, о найме на работу, о репетиторстве и прочем), эти люди, конечно же, не думали о красотах стиля. Они сообщали свою информацию, пользуясь речевыми штампами, которые были присущи тому времени. Именно поэтому в них – дух эпохи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надеюсь, мой ответ вам поможет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4843" LastEditorUserId="4843" LastEditDate="2015-09-21T09:25:24.377" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T09:25:24.377" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10680" CreationDate="2015-09-21T08:19:26.663" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;По&lt;/strong&gt; is a very versatile preposition with a lot of abstract meanings that one doesn't intuitively associate with its perceived &quot;literal&quot; meaning of moving over a surface. It may perhaps be easier to consider its individual usages separately, almost as if it were different prepositions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't have sources for this but from what I can tell by looking at the bigger picture of Slavic languages, the original literal meaning of &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; was most likely &quot;after&quot;, or something similar ultimately referring to the action of &lt;em&gt;following&lt;/em&gt;. In the particular case of Russian, what I think happened was that its meaning of &quot;following&quot; a path, trail, etc. branched off into a more general meaning of moving over any surface, not necessarily one that suggests a direction; that meaning eventually superseded the original one, but many of the more abstract usages of &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; still have &quot;following&quot;, rather than &quot;surface&quot;, as their underlying metaphor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T08:19:26.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10680" CreationDate="2015-09-21T11:06:59.827" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning of the preposition &quot;&lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; (вопросу)&quot; in your example is close to that of '&lt;strong&gt;on&lt;/strong&gt;' in the expression 'on that subject' ('lack of knowledge about the subject he was writing &lt;strong&gt;on&lt;/strong&gt;').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T11:06:59.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10686" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9554" CreationDate="2015-09-21T12:39:19.873" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Скорее всего это происходит от следующей конструкции:&#xA;Село &lt;strong&gt;чьё?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Иваново&lt;/em&gt;, где &lt;em&gt;Иванов&lt;/em&gt; - это фамилия. Таким образом слово &lt;em&gt;село&lt;/em&gt; придаёт средний род географическому названию, по средством ответа на вопрос о принадлежности.&#xA;Для сравнения:&#xA;Деревня &lt;strong&gt;чья?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ивановская&lt;/em&gt;. Слово &lt;em&gt;деревня&lt;/em&gt; придаёт женский род и формирует другое название.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6020" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T12:39:19.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10657" CreationDate="2015-09-21T14:27:18.520" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depends on context. Might mean &quot;Feels like...&quot; or &quot;Way of things&quot;(expression that means &quot;we'll see how it will be going&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, russian language can be tricky with every expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6022" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T14:27:18.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10681" CreationDate="2015-09-21T14:28:19.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your question is a bit ambiguous, at least I doubt that it can receive some definite answer here, not based on one's preferences, opinion etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For one thing, it is not clear &lt;code&gt;what a Russian speaker might speak today&lt;/code&gt;. It highly depends on situation, habits, customs, culture, education, surrounding audience etc. of a speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've read, I'm pretty sure, more than a half of Tolstoy's works and the only examples of obsolete words I can remember are those related to some vehicles not used today (like экипаж etc.), some rural stuff and regional stuff (like one related to the Cossacks of the Don river and the Caucasus). But all these (in my opinion) are not rife in his works if the work is not completely devoted to such regional matters like his story the Cossacks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also Tolstoy never (at least I cannot remember) touches sexual content, even something which might be considered as erotics is almost skipped in his works if it cannot be avoided (like the medical examination of Kitty Shcherbatskaya at the beginning of Anna Karenina).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm pretty sure one can express his thoughts in a civil way using the Tolstoy's language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the other hand, if you read only Tolstoy and remember only his language, then sure, you will have problems to understand &lt;code&gt;what a Russian speaker might speak today&lt;/code&gt; for instance in a garage with other men (in Russia, at least until recently, the garage was considered a place where men gather together, drink some alcohol drinks and speak about various matters, usually not about Tolsoy's heritage).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in essence I do not think that there exists any writer, by reading the books of whom, you will be able to understand &lt;code&gt;what a Russian speaker might speak today&lt;/code&gt;. You need to shuffle information, language from many sources like classical literature, modern newspapers, some forums, preferably without compulsory registration, in order to read foul words too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But as for civil, cultural language Tolstoy is not obsolete by any means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T14:28:19.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8426" CreationDate="2015-09-21T14:33:32.540" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depending on context might mean &quot;Oh really!&quot;, &quot;No, I don't want it&quot;. In phrase &quot;да ну их на фиг&quot; it means &quot;oh, leave them alone&quot;(when you want to say that you don't want to see/hear someone or something).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6022" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T14:33:32.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10681" CreationDate="2015-09-21T17:09:28.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are asking whether Tolstoy's language is easily understood by present-day Russian speakers, then the answer is definitely &quot;yes&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, if you wonder whether present-day Russian talk the same way as Tolstoy's characters in their daily life, then the answer is probably &quot;no&quot;, simply because life in Russia has changed drastically (several times) over the past 100 years. I would expect that few people in Russia today speak the same way as a mid-19th century Russian aristocrat or a mid-19th century Russian surf.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T17:09:28.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10679" CreationDate="2015-09-21T17:13:42.253" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Word &quot;заодно&quot; doesn't always suit the sentence with &quot;при этом&quot;(which might mean &quot;Including (the fact)&quot;) and &quot;одновременно&quot; means &quot;at the same time&quot;, but can't be used in the beginning of sentence(like &quot;At the same time, I loved another girl&quot;). Here you'd better use &quot;При этом&quot;(&quot;При этом я любил другую девушку&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian language can be worse than chinese sometimes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6022" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T17:13:42.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10692" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10681" CreationDate="2015-09-21T18:59:20.107" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;While Tolstoy's works are easily understandable by a modern Russian speaker, his language is a bit different from how Russians speak now.  Examples from &quot;Война и мир&quot;, first paragraphs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так говорила в июле 1805 года известная Анна Павловна Шерер, фрейлина и&#xA;  приближенная  императрицы  Марии  Феодоровны,  встречая важного и чиновного князя  Василия,  первого  приехавшего  на  ее вечер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the modern Russian, they don't speak &quot;известная Анна Павловна Шерер&quot;.  Either &quot;знаменитая/прославленная/великая Анна Павловна Шерер&quot; or &quot;известная писательница/поэтесса etc. Анна Павловна Шерер&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no expression &quot;чиновный князь&quot;.  In this sentence the word &quot;чиновный&quot; is understandable only from the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Анна  Павловна  кашляла несколько  дней, у нее был &lt;em&gt;грипп&lt;/em&gt;, как она&#xA;  говорила (&lt;em&gt;грипп&lt;/em&gt;  был тогда  новое слово, употреблявшееся только &#xA;  редкими).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Грипп&lt;/em&gt; было тогда новым словом, or слово &lt;em&gt;грипп&lt;/em&gt; было тогда новым.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;употреблявшееся только редкими&quot; sounds very unusual in modern Russian.  Should be &quot;&lt;em&gt;Грипп&lt;/em&gt; было тогда новым словом, употреблявшимся лишь немногими.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В записочках, разосланных  утром с красным лакеем, было написано без&#xA;  различия во всех:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В записках.  Diminutives are less used now.  (For example, Nabokov calls male briefs &quot;трусики&quot;, while today they are called &quot;трусы&quot;.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;без различия во всех&quot; is another obsolete expression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, many of his expressions (1-2 per sentence) would not be used today, albeit they are still easily understandable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the theory that Tolstoy was a poor writer, the vast majority of Russians think that Tolstoy was a great writer and a genius.  The sentence which Loginov calls &quot;monstrouos&quot; is, in my opinion, well written and easily understandable, in spite of its great length.  Note that Loginov is not a renowned literary critique or literary scientist.  He is an author of science fiction books, a chemist by education.  Why his judgements about Tolstoy are important, is a mistery for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2015-09-22T05:55:09.253" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T05:55:09.253" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10693" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10694" CreationDate="2015-09-21T19:56:29.133" Score="1" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen several instances of phrases in which всё precedes a comparative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я бегу &lt;strong&gt;всё выше&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;всё бо́льше&lt;/strong&gt; и бо́льше&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;всё ещё&lt;/strong&gt; не сделал это&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I read &quot;всё&quot; as meaning something like &quot;still&quot; in English, in these sentences. &quot;Higher still&quot;, &quot;more still&quot;, etc. Is this accurate? Does &quot;всё&quot; simply emphasize a comparative, or does it carry more subtle connotations? Can &quot;всё&quot; be used with any comparatives in this way, and could you give one or two more examples?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T16:59:46.043" Title="What is the meaning of всё + comparative?" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10693" CreationDate="2015-09-21T20:26:57.520" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this is closer to English &amp;quot;yet&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я бегу всё выше // I'm running yet higher up&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Всё больше и больше // Yet more and more&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я всё ещё не сделал это // I haven't done it yet&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the last sentence, &lt;em&gt;всё&lt;/em&gt; does not modify a comparative, though. It's a part of &lt;em&gt;всё ещё&lt;/em&gt; which is a little bit more emphatic than mere &lt;em&gt;ещё&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Сделал? — Ещё не сделал. — А теперь? — Всё ещё не сделал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Higher still&amp;quot; (like in &amp;quot;gas prices are high, but they were higher two years ago, and higher still three years ago&amp;quot;) would correspond to Russian &lt;em&gt;ещё&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бензин нынче дорог, но два года назад он был дороже, а три года назад — ещё дороже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T20:26:57.520" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10695" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-21T20:46:54.327" Score="3" ViewCount="165" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the proper way to use the phrase 'стало быть'? It seems to be used most often when asking for clarification about the result or outcome of something, meaning maybe something like 'it follows that' or 'that means.' But I see 'значит' used as well in the same context. Are they complete synonyms and can be used interchangeably, or do they differ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T09:53:15.337" Title="Usage of 'стало быть' versus 'значит'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10695" CreationDate="2015-09-21T21:30:13.030" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Стало быть&quot; and &quot;значит&quot; are indeed synonyms, so generally speaking you could use them in the same context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это синонимы, значит, они могут заменять друг друга.&#xA;  Это синонимы, стало быть, они могут заменять друг друга.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &quot;стало быть&quot; is less formal and to me sounds even a bit archaic; in formal context I would prefer use &quot;значит&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since you mention &quot;asking for clarification&quot;, there is another difference. &quot;Значит&quot; can be used to form a question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Значит ли это, что они могут заменять друг друга?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You cannot use &quot;стало быть&quot; in this manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T21:30:13.030" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10697" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10695" CreationDate="2015-09-21T21:32:25.687" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You would be hard-pressed to find phrases so close in meaning used in perfect accordance to their minute differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The [original] meaning of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;значит&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (which grew from the present tense third-person singular form of the verb &quot;&lt;em&gt;значить&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, which means &quot;&lt;em&gt;designate&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;em&gt;show&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, from the word &quot;&lt;em&gt;знак&lt;/em&gt;&quot; = &quot;&lt;em&gt;sign&lt;/em&gt;&quot;) was &quot;&lt;strong&gt;shows&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;means&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; ('&lt;em&gt;has the meaning of&lt;/em&gt;').  That meaning is very close to the verb &quot;&lt;em&gt;означает&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The [original] meaning of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;стало быть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; can probably be deduced from the words of which it consists, &quot;&lt;em&gt;стало&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, literally, &quot;&lt;em&gt;has become to be&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Accordingly, the difference is that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;значит&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; establishes the indirect connection between events or concepts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;concept1&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;значит&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;concept2&lt;/em&gt;&quot; =&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  .. &quot;&lt;em&gt;concept1 shows concept2&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, or &quot;&lt;em&gt;concept1 denotes concept2&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;whereas &quot;&lt;strong&gt;стало быть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; establishes a more direct connection, transitional or transformational relationship:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;concept1&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;стало быть&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;concept2&lt;/em&gt;&quot; =&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  .. &quot;&lt;em&gt;concept1 becomes concept2&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;em&gt;concept1 flows into concept2&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in modern speech (and writing) those are freely interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-09-21T21:32:25.687" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10698" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-21T22:00:58.193" Score="4" ViewCount="184" Body="&lt;p&gt;I translated a sentence of mine into Russian, which originally read: &quot;I want to hear all about your news and what took place today! Once I have my coffee, of course.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is my translation: &quot;Я хочу услышать все о твоих новостях и сегодняшних происшествиях! Раз уж у меня есть кофе.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At first, I translated the last sentence quite directly as 'Раз у меня есть кофе,' but was changed to 'раз уж...'  Could you provide a brief explanation of 'раз уж' (though I can intuit from context, I want to be sure) and an example or two of how it is used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T06:37:42.430" Title="Meaning and Usage of 'Раз уж'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10699" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10702" CreationDate="2015-09-21T22:26:20.070" Score="3" ViewCount="269" Body="&lt;p&gt;Very simply, what is the difference between the phrases 'вот оно что' or 'вон оно что?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-09-27T08:43:25.887" Title="'Вот оно что' versus 'вон оно что'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10698" CreationDate="2015-09-22T02:55:45.337" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Раз уж у меня есть кофе&quot; translates into something like &quot;...since I already have my coffee&quot;, or, to put it another way, &quot;Now that I have got my coffee [I'm ready to listen to you]&quot; -- it implies that you have a cup of coffee in your hand and are ready to listen. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is not much difference here between &quot;раз&quot; and &quot;раз уж&quot; -- the particle &quot;уж&quot; (reduced &quot;уже&quot;) simply reinforces completeness of what follows (&quot;у меня есть чашка кофе&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your English phrase sounds more like you haven't had your coffee yet and are not ready to listen until you have, so it would be better translated as &quot;Расскажи мне, что у тебя нового и что происходило сегодня, но только после того, как я выпью кофе, конечно&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T02:55:45.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10699" CreationDate="2015-09-22T05:44:16.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both are colloquial expressions of understanding something told by someone else. While &quot;вот оно что&quot; из emotionally neutral, &quot;вон оно что&quot; carries a bit of surprise or even sympathy for the other party in the conversation. The latter version is unlikely to be used in formal speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P.S.&lt;/strong&gt; Examples of formal and personal usage, where proper choice is preferable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(business negotiations)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Извините за задержку с платежом, забастовка банковских служащих продлится ещё два дня.&#xA;&#xA;- Вот оно что. Теперь понятно, давайте обсудим ситуацию.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(informal situation)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Жена не смогла поехать (к вам в гости) вместе со мной, она приболела.&#xA;&#xA;- Вон оно что... Ну передавайте ей привет, пусть поправляется.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-09-27T08:43:25.887" LastActivityDate="2015-09-27T08:43:25.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10699" CreationDate="2015-09-22T05:55:21.360" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No real difference. You may think it like &lt;em&gt;This is it&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;That's it&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Вот&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is a &quot;pointer&quot;-word for any object near to the speaker. &quot;&lt;em&gt;Вон&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is its counterpart for any distant object. (BTW. There are several other meanings insignificant for this topic, e.g. &lt;em&gt;Вон!&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;Get out!&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is &lt;em&gt;Вот&lt;/em&gt; is a &lt;em&gt;Here&lt;/em&gt;-pointer as in &lt;em&gt;Here you are&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Вон&lt;/em&gt; is a &lt;em&gt;There&lt;/em&gt;-pointer as in &lt;em&gt;There you are&lt;/em&gt; (but note that &lt;em&gt;here&lt;/em&gt;-location as in &quot;You are here&quot; would become &lt;em&gt;здесь&lt;/em&gt; in Russian, and &quot;You are there&quot; will be &lt;em&gt;там&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet in this particular case the whole expression is rather another way of saying: &quot;Oh, I see&quot;. So both &quot;Вот оно что&quot; and &quot;Вон оно что&quot; have absolutely same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still there's one more point to note. The dictionaries mark the word &quot;&lt;em&gt;Вон&lt;/em&gt;&quot; as &quot;colloquial&quot;. My guess, this is due to the &quot;point-with-a-finger&quot; effect: saying &quot;вон&quot; often implies pointing with a finger, which is improper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-09-22T12:01:32.423" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T12:01:32.423" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10698" CreationDate="2015-09-22T06:37:42.430" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since you translate &lt;em&gt;from&lt;/em&gt; English &quot;&lt;em&gt;Once I have my coffee, of course&lt;/em&gt;&quot; then this sentence should become &quot;&lt;em&gt;Как только выпью кофе, конечно&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About conjunction &quot;&lt;em&gt;Раз уж&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. It's just a spoken alternative to &quot;&lt;em&gt;Если уж&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Although direct translation to &quot;&lt;em&gt;If already&lt;/em&gt;&quot; has a little sense in English, yet the meaning should now be clear: it's a conditional clause similar to &lt;em&gt;as&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;since&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reducing &quot;&lt;em&gt;Раз уж&lt;/em&gt;&quot; to &quot;&lt;em&gt;Раз&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is okay too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T06:37:42.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10695" CreationDate="2015-09-22T07:23:55.983" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are quite a few Russian variants for &lt;em&gt;then&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;that means&lt;/em&gt;. Be it &lt;em&gt;значит&lt;/em&gt; (it signifies), &lt;em&gt;стало быть&lt;/em&gt; (it becomes), &lt;em&gt;следовательно&lt;/em&gt; (it follows), &lt;em&gt;таким образом&lt;/em&gt; (in such a way) etc. all these &quot;nails&quot; are interchangeable until they become their &quot;original&quot; meaning, like verb &quot;значить&quot;, noun &quot;образ&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only point is, in the spoken language people usually choose short words over long ones, so, say, &quot;&lt;em&gt;следовательно&lt;/em&gt;&quot; sounds quite bookish. In normal conversation the word &quot;&lt;em&gt;значит&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is preferred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T07:23:55.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10695" CreationDate="2015-09-22T09:53:15.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;difference in usage&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't come from literal meaning of the words here. While both expressions have about the same meaning in modern speech, the usage of &quot;стало быть&quot; из much more limited to colloquial cases (still being used not as often as &lt;em&gt;значит&lt;/em&gt;) or to refined style in literature. It is also possible to hear it e.g. as a part of some professor's eхplanation for audience at a lecture on a scientific subject, but you'd never find &quot;стало быть&quot; in a scientific writing (&quot;/a, это/ значит&quot; or &quot;следовательно/поэтому&quot; are used instead). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T09:53:15.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10706" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10708" CreationDate="2015-09-22T11:52:44.403" Score="5" ViewCount="263" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does the phrase &quot;вот уже&quot; mean? For example, &quot;Вот уже я знаю&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T13:14:22.077" Title="What does &quot;вот уже&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10706" CreationDate="2015-09-22T12:22:03.133" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's like an invitation to have a look at the way the things have changed by the moment: '&lt;strong&gt;as you can see now&lt;/strong&gt;', etc. In your example: &lt;em&gt;It came to the fact even I know that&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вот уже и пенсионера от смартфона не оттащишь - настолько они стали доступны.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T12:22:03.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10706" CreationDate="2015-09-22T12:56:38.147" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Уже&lt;/strong&gt; = already; &lt;strong&gt;вот&lt;/strong&gt; is some analogue to &lt;em&gt;here&lt;/em&gt;, but it may be omitted in the translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вот уже&lt;/em&gt; means that &lt;em&gt;something has already happened&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;approaching&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И &lt;em&gt;вот уже&lt;/em&gt; трещат морозы&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И серебрятся средь полей...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (Читатель ждёт уж рифмы розы;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  На, вот возьми её скорей!)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вот уж&lt;/em&gt; снег последний в поле тает,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Теплый пар восходит от земли,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И кувшинчик синий расцветает,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И зовут друг друга журавли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus &lt;em&gt;Вот уже я знаю&lt;/em&gt; is simply another way (albeit, a little mannered one) of saying &lt;em&gt;Now I know&lt;/em&gt;, unless said in a purely sarcastic tone meaning &lt;em&gt;Damned if I know&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-09-22T13:14:22.077" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T13:14:22.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10693" CreationDate="2015-09-22T13:36:12.480" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an informal context, I've always treated this as &quot;more and more&quot;, or perhaps &quot;increasingly&quot; in a more formal context. With your examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt; I'm running higher and higher. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt; More and more&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last example is slightly different, but I certainly agree with Quassnoi♦'s translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example from Brodsky: &#xA;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Теперь все чаще чувствую усталость,&#xA;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;все реже говорю о ней теперь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I am feeling exhausted more and more (frequently),&#xA;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;I am now speaking of it (the exhaustion) more and more rarely&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Please note that my translation above is hideously literal for a poem, but I kept it this way just to keep focus on все [comparative].)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Poem for reference: &lt;a href=&quot;http://pishi-stihi.ru/teper-vse-chashhe-chuvstvuyu-ustalost-brodskij.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://pishi-stihi.ru/teper-vse-chashhe-chuvstvuyu-ustalost-brodskij.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6029" LastEditorUserId="6029" LastEditDate="2015-09-22T16:59:46.043" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T16:59:46.043" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10693" CreationDate="2015-09-22T16:02:31.747" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question of this topic already includes a full answer. Yes, if &quot;всё&quot; precedes a comparative then it means emphasizing like &lt;em&gt;still&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;yet&lt;/em&gt;. This construction is quite common. Let's take a couple of examples from Russian poetry. (BTW. All poems are of &quot;The Silver Age&quot;: much sophisticated, more fun to translate).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Blok (The Twelve):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Всё быстрее и быстрее&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Уторапливает шаг.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Замотал платок на шее —&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Не оправится никак...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Mayakovsky (The conversation with the tax inspector about poetry):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Всё меньше&lt;/em&gt; любится, &lt;em&gt;всё меньше&lt;/em&gt; дерзается,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  и лоб мой время с разбега крушит.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Приходит страшнейшая из амортизаций —&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  амортизация сердца и души.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Mayakovsky (The flute-backbone):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Всё чаще&lt;/em&gt; думаю -&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  не поставить ли лучше&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  точку пули в своем конце.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Сегодня я&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  на всякий случай&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  даю прощальный концерт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Esenin (I don't regret, don't call, don't cry):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дух бродяжий! ты &lt;em&gt;всё реже, реже&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Расшевеливаешь пламень уст.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  О моя утраченная свежесть,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Буйство глаз и половодье чувств.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Gumilev (Sahara):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так и будут бродить до скончанья веков,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Каждый час &lt;em&gt;всё грозней и грознее&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Головой пропадая среди облаков,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Эти страшные серые змеи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Balmont (The Swan):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И когда блеснули звёзды дальние,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И когда туман вставал в глуши,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Лебедь пел &lt;em&gt;всё тише&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;всё печальнее&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И шептались камыши.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Bryusov:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всё чаще&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всё чаще по улицам Вильно&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мелькает траурный креп.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Жатва войны обильна,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Широк разверзнутый склеп.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всё чаще в темных костёлах,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В углу, без сил склонена,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Сидит, в мечтах невесёлых&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мать, сестра иль жена.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Война, словно гром небесный,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Потрясает испуганный мир...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Но всё дремлет ребёнок чудесный,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Вильно патрон - Казимир.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всё тот же, как сон несказанный,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Как сон далеких веков,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Подымет собор святой Анны&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Красоту точёных венцов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И море всё той же печали,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Всё тех же маленьких бед,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Шумит в еврейском квартале&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Под гулы русских побед.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-09-22T16:08:07.510" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T16:08:07.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10669" CreationDate="2015-09-22T17:59:22.933" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вы гляньте, ...&quot; это риторическое выражение, и на это указал &lt;em&gt;Quassnoi&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Но не каждая конструкция &quot;местоимение + императив&quot; — риторическая.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;(1) Вы послушайте, вы подумайте, вы вообразите, вы гляньте, ...&#xA;&#xA;(2) Вы сходите, вы ударьте, вы сьешьте, вы напишите, ...&#xA;&#xA;(3) послушайте, подумайте, вообразите, гляньте, сходите, ударьте, сьешьте, ...&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) -- риторическая, &quot;вы&quot; воспринимается скорее во множественном числе;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(2) -- персонифицированный императив, &quot;вы&quot; воспринимается скорее в единственном числе;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(3) -- императив ко второму лицу (лицам) диалога.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Императив везде сохраняется, но &lt;strong&gt;различие заключено в степени направленности,&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;узкая-широкая,&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;strong&gt;императива.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Под &lt;em&gt;риторической конструкцией&lt;/em&gt; я понимаю широкое обращение, одновременно ко всем и ни к кому в частности. Если это вопрос, то ответ на него не ожидается, потому что ни к кому конкретно в данный момент не обращались. Риторический вопрос действителен перед полной пустотой, обычно, в надежде, что кто-то услышит.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Императив&lt;/em&gt;, в отличие от риторики, подразумевает лицо, к которому обращаются, и чью реакцию желают вызвать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;Сценка.&#xA;&#xA;Человек. Один в комнате. Читает газету. Удивляется. Произносит вслух:&#xA;&#xA;-- Гляньте, как теперь все повадились &quot;дакать&quot;. Каждое второе слово - &quot;да&quot;.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эта сценка оставляет впечатление чего-то странного, с кем человек там разговаривает? К кому направлен его императив &quot;гляньте&quot;? Для русскоязычного, он говорит сам с собой, возможно, человек не совсем психически здоров.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;Та же сценка.&#xA;&#xA;-- Вы гляньте, как теперь все повадились &quot;дакать&quot;. Каждое второе слово - &quot;да&quot;.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь русскоязычному ясно, что это риторическое восклицание человека. Всю эту окраску дает местоимение &lt;code&gt;&quot;вы&quot;&lt;/code&gt; перед &quot;гляньте&quot;, сценка в пустой комнате воспринимается нормально, так, как если человек не ждет ничьей реакции на своё восклицание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еще более сильные риторические восклицания:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;Нет, вы гляньте, ...&#xA;Нет, вы только погляньте, ...&#xA;Нет, вы только послушайте, что он говорит!&#xA;Нет, ну вы подумайте, что он говорит!&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-09-22T17:59:22.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10712" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-23T14:15:59.400" Score="1" ViewCount="60" Body="&lt;p&gt;The song lyric &quot;Страхам дней минувших меня уж не догнать&quot; translates to something like &quot;The fears of days past don't reach me anymore&quot;. I understand why &quot;дней минувших&quot; is in the genitive, because they &quot;own&quot; the fears, I understand why &quot;меня&quot; is in the accusative, because it's the object that's (not) being &quot;reached&quot;, but I have no idea why the &quot;стра́хи&quot; aren't in the nominative. After all, they're the ones performing the verb (догнать). Why are they instead in the dative case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastActivityDate="2015-09-23T14:15:59.400" Title="Why is &quot;страхам&quot; in the dative in &quot;Страхам дней минувших меня уж не догнать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2015-09-23T14:19:32.153" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9554" CreationDate="2015-09-23T20:24:04.113" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; the neuter equivalent of the masculine &lt;em&gt;-ов&lt;/em&gt; seen in some Russian family names.  &lt;em&gt;-ов-&lt;/em&gt; itself is just a way of turning a noun into an adjective.  Neuter is the default (and also agrees with &lt;em&gt;место&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;село&lt;/em&gt;).  In turn it is again treated as a noun.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not especially related to &lt;em&gt;-ого&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are equivalents in many other Slavic languages, for example the city of Велико Търново or the village of Aleksandrovo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not so different from the process for creating names like &lt;em&gt;Новосибирск&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5897" LastActivityDate="2015-09-23T20:24:04.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10714" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10732" CreationDate="2015-09-23T20:25:20.810" Score="4" ViewCount="273" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since most feminine conjugations of Russian names, as well as nouns and adjectives either end with &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;, I find it weird that Никита is a typical masculine name?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if it is just an &quot;exception&quot; on the rule, or whether there is a logical explanation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6036" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T21:16:35.773" Title="Why is &quot;Никита&quot; a typical masculine name?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10714" CreationDate="2015-09-23T20:36:06.233" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, your assumption is just wrong. There are some word which are masculine though are ending at -a or -я. Like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Парнишка (or братишка or мишка, plus some other words ending on -ишка)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дядя&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Деда&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мужчина&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Судья&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Юноша&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2015-09-23T20:36:06.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10714" CreationDate="2015-09-23T20:36:57.130" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian nouns ending in &lt;strong&gt;-а&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;-я&lt;/strong&gt; are &lt;em&gt;either&lt;/em&gt; feminine or masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feminine: мама, тётя, Наташа, Ольга, Светлана&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Masculine: папа, дядя, воевода, Никита, Данила, Серёжа, Саша, Коля, Петя&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-23T20:36:57.130" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10714" CreationDate="2015-09-23T20:37:43.763" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Typically &lt;em&gt;short&lt;/em&gt; from of masculine first names also end in &lt;code&gt;-а&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;-я&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дима&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Петя&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вова, Володя&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;etc&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following &lt;em&gt;full&lt;/em&gt; form of masculine first names also end in &lt;code&gt;-а&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;-я&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Илья&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Добрыня&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кузьма&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;etc&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is not weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2015-09-24T21:16:35.773" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T21:16:35.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10718" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-24T08:42:50.160" Score="2" ViewCount="310" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could I have some explanation about the word 'симпатичный'? In some contexts it seems to mean attractive and others it seems to be sympathetic. For example: “Цилиндр тихо прозвенел в ответ, остановился, потух, и в комнату вошла полная симпатичная женщина в белом чистом халате и сказала Ивану...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, how does 'симпатичный' compare to 'привлекательный' in meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-09-25T09:59:46.503" Title="Definition of 'симпатичный'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10718" CreationDate="2015-09-24T10:01:12.580" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning is 'good looking' (if 'sympathetic', then not in meanings close to &quot;сочувствующий&quot;). The difference with &quot;привлекательный&quot; is that it might be just personal &lt;em&gt;impression&lt;/em&gt;, not necessarily based on general attractiveness of the mentioned one. &quot;Привлекательный&quot; expresses the idea that the person is definitely attractive to the others as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T10:01:12.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10718" CreationDate="2015-09-24T10:02:26.487" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Симпатия&lt;/em&gt; is a false friend of English &quot;sympathy&quot;: it means &quot;liking, fondness&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likewise, &lt;em&gt;симпатичный&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;lovely, likeable&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian for &quot;sympathy&quot; would be &lt;em&gt;сочувствие, сострадание, взаимопонимание&lt;/em&gt;, the first word being the Slavic calque of the Greek ancestor to the English word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can hardly imagine any context where &quot;sympathy&quot; could be translated as &lt;em&gt;симпатия&lt;/em&gt; (or &quot;sympathetic&quot; as &lt;em&gt;симпатичный&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also, how does 'симпатичный' compare to 'привлекательный' in meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Привлекательный&lt;/em&gt; is a calque of some cognate of &quot;attractive&quot; and means the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two words are quite close in meaning, but &lt;em&gt;привлекательный&lt;/em&gt; has more sexual connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Симпатичная бабуля&lt;/em&gt; would mean &quot;lovely old lady&quot;; &lt;em&gt;привлекательная бабуля&lt;/em&gt; would mean &quot;attractive old lady&quot;. It would be weird to call an old lady attractive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-09-24T17:38:28.270" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T17:38:28.270" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10718" CreationDate="2015-09-24T10:03:57.217" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For example: “Цилиндр тихо прозвенел в ответ, остановился, потух, и в&#xA;  комнату вошла полная симпатичная женщина в белом чистом халате и&#xA;  сказала Ивану...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Симпатичный&quot; -- at least in this case -- means that the narrator liked the way this woman looked, but didn't find her an &lt;em&gt;extremely&lt;/em&gt; beautiful woman. There is, however, nothing bad about this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also, how does 'симпатичный' compare to 'привлекательный' in meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that &quot;привлекательный&quot; would be the word to describe a person that is beautiful according to the standard views on beauty. The word is made the same way as the English &quot;attractive&quot; &amp;lt;- &quot;attract&quot;: &quot;привлекательный&quot; &amp;lt;- &quot;привлекать&quot;.&#xA;If someone is &quot;cимпатичный/ая&quot;, you like their looks, but perhaps they don't look like people in fashion magazine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6034" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T10:03:57.217" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10722" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-24T14:51:49.497" Score="2" ViewCount="655" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can 'попустись' be translated as 'forget it?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastEditorUserId="2199" LastEditDate="2015-10-08T06:59:22.520" LastActivityDate="2017-01-03T17:07:35.467" Title="Translation of 'Попустись'" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10723" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-24T15:10:15.813" Score="2" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there an alternative way to order someone if you don't know how to form the imperative out of a certain word? For example, I might want to say, &quot;Don't smoke!&quot; but I can't come up with &quot;Не кури!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T16:01:14.170" Title="Expressing an Imperative Without Knowing the Imperative" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10722" CreationDate="2015-09-24T15:28:30.977" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems you're digging into some kind of slang. &lt;em&gt;Попустить&lt;/em&gt; is quite outdated verb which means &lt;em&gt;to tolerate&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;not to prevent&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strike&gt;And there's no reflexive counterpart &quot;&lt;em&gt;попуститься&lt;/em&gt;&quot; at all&lt;/strike&gt;. And reflexive form &quot;&lt;em&gt;попуститься&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is found on truly rare occasions only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Searching on the web shows that there's &quot;teenage slang&quot; word &quot;&lt;em&gt;попустись&lt;/em&gt;&quot; which means &lt;em&gt;relax&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;take it easy&lt;/em&gt;. But I must say I never heard this expression myself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-09-24T16:48:22.727" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T16:48:22.727" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10723" CreationDate="2015-09-24T15:33:49.163" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could say &lt;code&gt;Не курить!&lt;/code&gt;. It sounds more like an order than &lt;code&gt;Не кури!&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Another example: &lt;code&gt;Don't make noise!&lt;/code&gt; =&gt; &lt;code&gt;Не шуметь!&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;Не шуми!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T15:33:49.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10723" CreationDate="2015-09-24T15:34:16.310" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Colloquially either &lt;em&gt;Здесь не курят&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Здесь курить нельзя&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we talk about formal (written) prohibition then &quot;&lt;em&gt;Курение запрещено&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;em&gt;Курить запрещено&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As generic construction, one may also use &lt;em&gt;не нужно&lt;/em&gt; + &lt;em&gt;any infinitive&lt;/em&gt; to avoid the imperative at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-09-24T15:46:47.997" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T15:46:47.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10723" CreationDate="2015-09-24T15:49:34.243" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a lot of possible expressions without imperative, unfortunately those are also unlikely to help in that particular case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Не надо здесь курить! &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Не могли бы вы в сторонке покурить?&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Здесь нельзя курить. По новому закону - 15 метров от остановки.&#xA;&#xA;Может, перестанешь курить (при детях)?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-09-24T16:01:14.170" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T16:01:14.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10730" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10733" CreationDate="2015-09-24T18:22:06.500" Score="3" ViewCount="368" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've encountered phrases such as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он говорит о том, что...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which seems to mean something like &quot;He says that...&quot;, ie &quot;He says that the store is closed&quot; or something (&quot;Он говорит о том, что магазин закрыт&quot;?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My questions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What precisely does this sentence mean, and how does it compare to other (if there are other) sentence structures for saying &quot;He says that...&quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is &quot;Он говорит что...&quot; on its own not correct? This would be closer to the English &quot;He says that...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2015-09-24T18:41:54.733" LastActivityDate="2015-09-25T04:27:13.950" Title="Говорить о том, что" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10731" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10730" CreationDate="2015-09-24T18:38:09.183" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;code&gt;Он говорит о том, что&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Он говорит, что&lt;/code&gt; are translations of the &lt;code&gt;He says that&lt;/code&gt; and are completely interchangable if used for nouns that can &lt;em&gt;produce sound&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;code&gt;he&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;she&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;radio&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;tv&lt;/code&gt; etc).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For other nouns, it's better to use the long form. And its meaning is &lt;code&gt;.. tells that&lt;/code&gt;. For example: &lt;code&gt;Это говорит о том, что...&lt;/code&gt; &amp;rarr; &lt;code&gt;It tells that&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2015-09-24T18:53:59.743" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T18:53:59.743" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10714" CreationDate="2015-09-24T20:21:16.780" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It comes from Greek masculine name Νικήτας meaning &quot;victor&quot;. The Greek ending -ς is usually dropped in Russian so the word ends up with -α. This is similar to French masculine name Nicolas (which was also borrowed from Greek) where the final -s is not pronounced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T20:21:16.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10730" CreationDate="2015-09-24T21:19:38.677" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Он говорит о том, что&lt;/strong&gt; =&gt; &quot;he's talking about how...&quot;, &quot;he's talking about the fact that...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Он говорит, что&lt;/strong&gt; (note the comma) =&gt; &quot;he says that...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Essentially, the former refers to the subordinate clause being the topic someone is speaking on (or the message they're trying to get across), while the latter is your basic reported speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-09-24T21:19:38.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10730" CreationDate="2015-09-25T04:27:13.950" Score="-2" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;   это говорит о том, что нечто делает то-то&#xA;              -------&#xA;      __________/      &#xA;     /         &#xA;   what it says, that it's doing smth on that&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;  &#xA;   это говорит, что нечто делает то-то&#xA;&#xA;   it says that it's doing smth on that&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-09-25T04:27:13.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10718" CreationDate="2015-09-25T09:59:46.503" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In fact this is an English issue as much as a Russian one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main Russian use of &lt;em&gt;симпатичный&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;&quot;good looking&quot;&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; the main  main English use (&lt;em&gt;&quot;compassion&quot;&lt;/em&gt;) are both different than the main European ones like &lt;em&gt;sympathisch&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;simpático&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;sympathique&lt;/em&gt; etc,  (&lt;em&gt;&quot;friendly&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&quot;pleasant&quot;&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;&quot;nice&quot;&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian meaning comes from the common European one, probably all from French.  The English meaning is really the most correct, etymologically.  (The literal component parts of &lt;em&gt;sympathy&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;compassion&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сочувствие&lt;/em&gt; are the same (&lt;em&gt;&quot;with&quot;&lt;/em&gt; + &lt;em&gt;&quot;feeling&quot;&lt;/em&gt;).)  But both are false friends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5897" LastActivityDate="2015-09-25T09:59:46.503" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10737" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10744" CreationDate="2015-09-25T12:26:59.247" Score="2" ViewCount="166" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently, I came across this statement in a blog about the use of a Russian expression: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Обычно подро́стки (практически &lt;strong&gt;поголовно&lt;/strong&gt;) используют это&#xA;  выражение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... which I translated to mean: &lt;em&gt;Usually teenagers (almost &lt;strong&gt;entirely&lt;/strong&gt;) use this expression&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However someone told me that (1) this expression is considered somewhat dated and not very common in Modern Russian; and (2) that when used, it expresses a tinge of scorn or disapproval, like &lt;em&gt;the whole (damn) lot of them.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this accurate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-09-25T20:43:55.077" Title="Meaning of все поголовно" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10738" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10740" CreationDate="2015-09-25T12:34:33.290" Score="7" ViewCount="188" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following sentence and in general, does вся подноготная refer to the &lt;strong&gt;truth&lt;/strong&gt; or to the &lt;strong&gt;totality of information&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Статья рассказывает обо &lt;strong&gt;всей подноготной&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was informed that this expression means basically &lt;strong&gt;everything&lt;/strong&gt;, including all the sordid details you didn't want to know (TMI). Is that accurate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-09-25T18:39:09.673" Title="Meaning of вся подноготная" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10738" CreationDate="2015-09-25T12:44:04.700" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Oh! That's a nice question. &lt;em&gt;Подноготный&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;под&lt;/em&gt; (under) + &lt;em&gt;ноготь&lt;/em&gt; (nail). So originally it meant a true &lt;strong&gt;torture&lt;/strong&gt;. Thus &lt;em&gt;basically everything&lt;/em&gt; is a good translation :-))) But talking seriously, of course, it's &lt;em&gt;a hidden truth&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-25T12:44:04.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10740" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10738" CreationDate="2015-09-25T12:44:22.840" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Answering directly to your question &lt;code&gt;this expression means basically everything, including all the sordid details you didn't want to know (TMI). Is that accurate?&lt;/code&gt; I would say &quot;no&quot;, it means the truth, but with one important exception, that it is the one you would like to hide, conceal from others. Not the one you don't want to know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my dictionary &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;подноготная&#xA;ж. (feminine)&#xA;Правда, истина, тщательно скрываемые обстоятельства, подробности чего-либо.&#xA;&#xA;The truth, verity, thoroughly concealed circumstances, detail of something&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you can translate it like &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All (this stands for вся) truth, verity, thoroughly concealed circumstances, detail of something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; explains its etymology&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Происходит от ноготь. В старину выпытывали правду путём выдирания ногтей &#xA;или засовывания под них маленьких опилок.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It derives from &quot;a nail&quot;, because long time ago the truth was extorted via nails extirpation or shoving sawdust under the nails.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I would like to add one important note&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have never heard this word in any serious situation. What do I mean with 'serious'? Consider a situation: counterintelligence officers were interrogating some spy in order to gain some data, sort of truth from him. Even if they were torturing him, it would be very strange for me, as a native speaker, to hear something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;офицеры контрразведки допрашивали одного шпиона, чтоб узнать его&#xA;подноготную.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This word is usually present in colloquial language, in situations like: my representative is a substance abuser, driver under the influence, adulterer and whatever. And someone is telling me, that he is a very good man, so I can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;да я же знаю всю его подноготную&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The more proper definition of the meaning would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;The truth, verity, thoroughly concealed circumstances, detail of &#xA;someone's life, behavior, morals.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorUserId="179" LastEditDate="2015-09-25T18:39:09.673" LastActivityDate="2015-09-25T18:39:09.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10741" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10738" CreationDate="2015-09-25T12:59:00.247" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's about getting to know of all the skeletons in someone's closet. The literal meaning of &quot;&lt;em&gt;подноготная (правда)&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (smth. like 'undernail truth') is related to medieval torture by driving nails under nails.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-09-25T12:59:00.247" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10737" CreationDate="2015-09-25T13:01:50.343" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No, it's still in use.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Usually not. Consider also Latin &quot;&lt;em&gt;per capita&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The impression of some &quot;scorn or disapproval&quot; may originate from the meaning of this word in farming: &lt;em&gt;livestock capita&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;поголовье скота&lt;/em&gt;. Nevertheless, applying either adjective &lt;em&gt;поголовный&lt;/em&gt; or adverb &lt;em&gt;поголовно&lt;/em&gt; to human-beings is OK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-09-25T19:52:53.773" LastActivityDate="2015-09-25T19:52:53.773" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10743" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10737" CreationDate="2015-09-25T13:18:28.403" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both things that person told you are true. The word &quot;поголовно&quot; is related to &quot;поголовье скота&quot; (cattle count).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-09-25T13:18:28.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10737" CreationDate="2015-09-25T17:51:19.183" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Поголовно» simply implies that something is happening on a large scale, be it something negative or something positive.&#xA;Compare &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наверное, они чуть ли не поголовно все наркоманы?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тогда мальчишки все поголовно увлекались футболом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you see there is nothing bad in being interested in footbal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it may still be used with a relatively small group of people, e.g. a class, meaning &quot;without exception&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6047" LastEditorUserId="6047" LastEditDate="2015-09-25T20:43:55.077" LastActivityDate="2015-09-25T20:43:55.077" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10746" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-26T04:48:04.830" Score="1" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference in meaning between the various ways to say 'stop?' Namely, 'стой,' 'хватит,' 'перестань,' and 'прекрати?' Also, can they be used interchangeably and in all cases when one wants to say 'stop?' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-09-26T12:00:13.893" Title="Difference in Meaning between Стой, Хватит, Перестань, and Прекрати?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10747" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-26T05:09:36.307" Score="2" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;Что означает 'почем знать?' Это нечто вроде 'who knows?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-09-26T08:10:35.753" LastActivityDate="2015-09-26T08:10:35.753" Title="Meaning of 'Почем Знать?'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;фраза&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10747" CreationDate="2015-09-26T07:14:16.230" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;«почем»&lt;/em&gt; is a colloquial word, literally meaning &quot;what for?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase «&lt;em&gt;а мне почем знать?&lt;/em&gt;» means &quot;&lt;em&gt;why would I know?&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;em&gt;how can I know it?&lt;/em&gt;&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastEditorUserId="4833" LastEditDate="2015-09-26T07:20:23.633" LastActivityDate="2015-09-26T07:20:23.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10746" CreationDate="2015-09-26T08:06:31.557" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Стой&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;stay still&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;stop going&lt;/em&gt;. It could be either an order like &quot;&lt;em&gt;Stop! Don't move&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or just asking similar to &quot;&lt;em&gt;Hey, stop! Wait for me&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or even &quot;&lt;em&gt;Hey, stop. Let me think&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. The latter two especially in soft forms like &quot;&lt;em&gt;постой&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;постой-ка&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. But you cannot translate, say, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Stop kidding me&lt;/em&gt;&quot; with &quot;&lt;em&gt;Стой&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Хватит&lt;/strong&gt; = &lt;em&gt;enough&lt;/em&gt;. It could be an order similar to &lt;em&gt;stop&lt;/em&gt; just the way &lt;em&gt;Enough!&lt;/em&gt; in English is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Перестань&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;прекрати&lt;/strong&gt; are essentially the same in imperative. You may think that &lt;em&gt;перестать&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;leave off&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;прекратить&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;cease&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;put an end&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-26T08:06:31.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10746" CreationDate="2015-09-26T08:15:50.857" Score="1" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Стой&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It literally means you should stop. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Freeze! Freeze or I'll shoot! -- Стой! Стой, стрелять буду!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hold on, we need to get back and lock the door. -- Стой, нам надо вернуться и запереть дверь.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Хватит&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is closest in meaning to &quot;that's enough&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-Would you like more whisky? - No, thanks, that's enough for me. -- Не хотите ли еще виски? - Нет, спасибо, мне хватит.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;That's enough fooling around! -- Хватит дурачиться!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;That's enough lies! -- Хватит лгать! &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Перестань и Прекрати&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These two are interchangeable, in my opinion. Moreover, these are sometimes interchangeable with &quot;хватит&quot;, but not always:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stop fooling around! -- Перестань (прекрати) дурачиться!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stop lying! -- Перестань (прекрати) лгать!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't come up with a situation when you cannot substitute &quot;перестань&quot; or &quot;прекрати&quot; with &quot;хватит&quot; (looks like you always can). However, like with the whisky example, you can't always substitute &quot;хватит&quot; with &quot;перестань&quot; or &quot;прекрати&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that I am translating &quot;перестань&quot; and &quot;прекрати&quot; with an actual verb &quot;stop&quot;, while &quot;хватит&quot; with a full sentence &quot;that's enough&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6051" LastActivityDate="2015-09-26T08:15:50.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10746" CreationDate="2015-09-26T12:00:13.893" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When asking somebody to cease some activity, those do have slightly different meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Стой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is an &lt;em&gt;imperative&lt;/em&gt; (a command) to [temporarily] halt any advancement, supposedly to evaluate the situation and decide whether it's worth continuing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Хватит&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; an imperative, it's an advice, a statement of fact, &quot;&lt;em&gt;what you've done up until now should suffice, you'd be wise to cease at this point&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.  It is &lt;em&gt;softer&lt;/em&gt; than &quot;&lt;strong&gt;стой&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.  Of course, it can be said with much force to sound like a command, yet grammatically it's &lt;em&gt;indicative mood&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;перестань&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;прекрати&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; are &lt;em&gt;imperatives&lt;/em&gt;.  Both are commands, both mean &quot;&lt;em&gt;put an end to it&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;cease&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.  Between those two, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;прекрати&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is stronger, to my ear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-09-26T12:00:13.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10752" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10754" CreationDate="2015-09-26T13:41:58.800" Score="2" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is from the Russian translation of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papers,_Please&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Papers, Please&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вашей семье будет предоставлена квартира в Востошом Грештине.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is my attempt at a translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Your family will provided аn apartment in Eastern Grestin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I'm really struggling to understand the structure of the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Why is Вашей семье in the prepositional and not the nominative? It's the one performing the action in his case (будет).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The construction &quot;будет предоставлена квартира&quot; bothers me because of the combination of the adjective &quot;предоставлена&quot; with the noun &quot;квартира&quot;. What bothers me is that the adjective in this case is applied to &quot;семье&quot;, and yet it's almost as if it has &quot;квартира&quot; as a direct object, as if it's being treated as a verb. But it's an adjective. I would have expected &quot;...будет предоставлять квартиру&quot;, with квартира in the accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way this is written, it sounds almost as if they're trying to say &quot;Your family will be an apartment&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could someone provide other examples of these kinds of constructions? That is, of the type &quot;subject + быть + adjective object&quot; to express &quot;subject will be adjectived an object&quot; rather than &quot;subject will be an adjective object&quot;, if you see what I mean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, why not just say &quot;Ваша семья будет предоставлять квартиру&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastActivityDate="2015-09-26T14:20:38.263" Title="An adjective being used as if it's a verb - &quot;Вашей семье будет предоставлена квартира&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10752" CreationDate="2015-09-26T13:54:07.440" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You've got it backwards. The subject is &lt;em&gt;квартира&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;вашей семье&lt;/em&gt; is an indirect object. The sentence is passive, meaning &quot;An apartment will be provided to your family&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This might be a bit clearer if you rearrange the words to a more typical English word order: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Квартира будет предоставлена вашей семье.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Apartment-NOM will_be provided-FEM your-DAT.FEM family-DAT&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;An apartment will be provided to your family&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5740" LastActivityDate="2015-09-26T13:54:07.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10752" CreationDate="2015-09-26T14:08:57.380" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You sentence is in the Passive voice. &amp;quot;Вашей семье&amp;quot; is not Prepositional, it is Dative, 'to your family'. &amp;quot;Предоставлена&amp;quot; is 'given, provided to', so the word-for-word translation of the Russian sentence is like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Вашей семье] [будет] [предоставлена] [квартира].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[To your family] [will be] [given] [an apartment].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The normal English translation is 'An apartment will be given to your family.' or 'Your family will be provided with an apartment.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sentence 'квартира' is the subject, and 'вашей семье' is an indirect (dative) object. That is why 'предоставлена' agrees with 'квартира', adjectives and participles used as a part of the predicate must agree in gender &lt;em&gt;with the subject&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Ваша семья будет предоставлять квартиру&amp;quot; is in Active voice, that is why it means quite an opposite thing, 'Your family will provide an apartment (for someone else).' In this sentence 'ваша семья' is the subject, and 'квартиру' is the direct object. Remember, only nouns in the Nominative case can be subjects in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Победителю будет вручён приз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The winner will be given a prize. / A prize will be given to the winner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Каждому будут даны указания.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Everybody will be provided with instructions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Божеству были принесены жертвы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sacrifices were made to the deity. / The deity was made sacrifices to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note, that in Russian, using the Passive voice is not recommended, it sounds too bookish and formal, sometimes even bureaucratic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-26T14:08:57.380" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10752" CreationDate="2015-09-26T14:20:38.263" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Предоставлена&lt;/em&gt; is a participle in short form, not an adjective. The translation can have a similar form (the subject: &lt;em&gt;apartment&lt;/em&gt; in passive voice) :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;An apartment in Eastern Grestin will be provided for (given to) your family.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other opportunity of translation (the subject: &lt;em&gt;family&lt;/em&gt; in passive voice):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;  Your family will be provided with аn apartment in Eastern Grestin.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-09-26T14:20:38.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9504" CreationDate="2015-09-26T17:17:43.897" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a conversation, the answers would probably be&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- Я не знаю, я ничего никому не делал.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- Я не знаю, я ничего никому не сделал.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- Я не знаю, я никому не причинил зла.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- Я не знаю, я никому не причинял зла.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;They all have same meaning &quot; I don't know, I did not do anything to anyone.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6055" LastActivityDate="2015-09-26T17:17:43.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10757" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10759" CreationDate="2015-09-27T12:31:58.740" Score="2" ViewCount="346" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;дом Ивана&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Иван&quot; is in the genitive, which means that the above translates to &quot;Ivan's house&quot;. Following this pattern, if I wanted to say &quot;my house&quot;, I should logically be able to do that by using я in the genitive:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;дом меня&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in practice I always hear it as &quot;мой дом&quot;. Is it &lt;em&gt;ever&lt;/em&gt; possible to use &quot;дом меня&quot; to mean &quot;my house&quot;? If so, how is it different to &quot;мой дом&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2015-09-27T13:03:16.733" LastActivityDate="2015-09-27T14:40:35.803" Title="When should I use genitive personal pronouns versus possessive pronouns?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10758" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-27T12:44:23.050" Score="4" ViewCount="460" Body="&lt;p&gt;To cut a short story long, I've been trying to learn Russian for some time, and having had little success with the normal courses (I have a memory like a sieve), I thought I'd try to learn by translating and speaking poems.  I've chosen Shakespeare's Hamlet Soliloquy (Monolog) in the Pasternak translation, and I'm using the Smoktunovsky and Vysotsky performances for pronunciation.  I've discovered that Messrs Google, Babel and co may be fine for a rough translation, but they can fall very short of the mark in translating the actual sense and meaning of Russian.  I particularly hate it when they are smart enough to recognize that it's Hamlet but dumb enough to spout the English version (not the original Klingon), which differs significantly from the Pasternak translation (at least, as far as I can make out!).   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, I've managed (I think) to make sense of most of the Pasternak, but there are a few phrases that I just can't find a reasonable interpretation for.  The first of these is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Скончаться. Сном забыться.  Уснуть &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've got Уснуть (sleep), but &quot;To fade away, a forgotten dream&quot;, as my best guess for  Скончаться. Сном забыться, just doesn't seem right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd be grateful if somebody could provide me with an idea of what they actually &lt;em&gt;mean&lt;/em&gt; in context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6057" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-01-10T16:32:14.983" LastActivityDate="2018-01-10T16:32:14.983" Title="Best English meaning of &quot;Скончаться. Сном забыться. Уснуть&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-01-10T16:31:45.667" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10757" CreationDate="2015-09-27T12:53:37.367" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The English possessive pronouns are &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; rendered into Russian as the Russian possessive pronouns, &lt;em&gt;never&lt;/em&gt; as the Russian personal pronouns in the Genitive case, just the same way as you would not say it in English '*the house of me'.&#xA;The function of the Russian personal pronouns in the Genitive case is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to follow the prepositions that govern the Genitive case: &lt;strong&gt;от меня&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;для тебя&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to follow the verbs that govern the Genitive case: &lt;strong&gt;Он боится меня&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Я избегаю его&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note, that the Genitive case forms of all the Russian personal pronouns coincides with their the Accusative case forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-09-27T12:53:37.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10758" CreationDate="2015-09-27T13:18:52.560" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The original phrase is &amp;quot;To die, to sleep – To sleep – perchance to dream&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Скончаться — this is a formal way to say 'to die'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сном забыться — 'to doze off, to lose contact with reality', lit. &amp;quot;to forget oneself in a dream, in sleep&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Уснуть — 'to fall asleep'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-27T13:18:52.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10758" CreationDate="2015-09-27T14:12:54.830" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Скончаться&lt;/em&gt; is yet another word for &lt;em&gt;to die&lt;/em&gt;. It's of the same root as &lt;em&gt;конец&lt;/em&gt;, i.e. &lt;em&gt;end&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Забытьё&lt;/em&gt; is either &lt;em&gt;a half-sleep&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;a nap&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;a fainting&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;a loss of conciousness&lt;/em&gt;. BTW. Sometimes &lt;em&gt;забыться&lt;/em&gt; may also mean &lt;em&gt;to lose self-control&lt;/em&gt; (literally, to forget oneself), yet in Pasternak's text on both occasions &lt;em&gt;забыться / забыться сном&lt;/em&gt; surely is &lt;em&gt;to fall into a doze&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-27T14:12:54.830" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10757" CreationDate="2015-09-27T14:40:35.803" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it could be said only as a joke. You may think it like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Possessive: Иванов дом = Ivan's house (OK); мой дом = my house (OK)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Genitive: дом Ивана = house of Ivan (OK); дом меня = house of me (WRONG)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-27T14:40:35.803" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10763" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-27T17:43:28.297" Score="12" ViewCount="356" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't understand why the plural version of &lt;em&gt;дом&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;дом&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;дом&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. I had thought that the common rule was to add &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-и&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; at the end of masculine words in the nominative form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5898" LastEditorUserId="5897" LastEditDate="2015-09-27T19:10:29.663" LastActivityDate="2015-09-28T10:40:16.390" Title="Why does дом become дома instead of домы?" Tags="&lt;окончания&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10765" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10763" CreationDate="2015-09-27T18:30:24.227" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is always a problem with &quot;common rules&quot; in Russian. As in Vysotsky's song:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы говорим не &quot;штормы&quot;, а &quot;шторма&quot; -&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Слова выходят коротки и смачны:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Ветра&quot; - не &quot;ветры&quot; - сводят нас с ума,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Из палуб выкорчевывая мачты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many nouns have plural ending in -&lt;em&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt;/-&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;, yet some only -&lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; (e.g. &lt;em&gt;sleeves&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;рукава&lt;/em&gt;), some both (&lt;em&gt;storms&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;штормы&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;шторма&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;winds&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;ветры&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;ветра&lt;/em&gt;), and some even have different meanings (&lt;em&gt;хлебы&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;loafs of bread&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;хлеба&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;cereals&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples are easily understandable, e.g &quot;&lt;em&gt;глаза&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (eyes) ends in -&lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt;, because the old dual form won over plural. But why it is &quot;&lt;em&gt;мастера&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (masters, craftsmen), and not &quot;мастеры&quot; - I can't say for sure. Just take it as is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-09-27T18:30:24.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10763" CreationDate="2015-09-27T19:10:52.183" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;This masculine nouns plural ending &lt;strong&gt;-á&lt;/strong&gt;, as opposed to the  traditional &lt;strong&gt;-и/-ы&lt;/strong&gt;, is a comparatively recent innovation. Even in the 19th century it was correct to say and write &lt;code&gt;учители&lt;/code&gt; (now it is &amp;quot;учител&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;), &lt;code&gt;домы&lt;/code&gt;, etc. Look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2015&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ngram Viewer graph of the usage of &lt;code&gt;домы&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, it practically had stopped to be used by the 1920s, &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2008&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the same thing and the same years with &lt;code&gt;учители&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The plural ending &lt;strong&gt;-á&lt;/strong&gt; first appeared in the low colloquial speech (&amp;quot;просторечие&amp;quot;) and in the professional argots (шоферá 'drivers', слесаря́ 'turners' as opposed to the correct standard шофёры, слéсари) and later, as the graphs show, after the 1917 revolution, this ending started to infiltrate the written speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The masculine nouns with the plural ending &lt;strong&gt;-á&lt;/strong&gt; are too many for all of them to be listed here, you just need to consult the dictionary, but I am sure, Russian textbooks will always point out the nouns that have the plural ending &lt;strong&gt;-á&lt;/strong&gt;. Take such nouns as irregular, that's all I can recommend, there are no rule that can help you tell such nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note, that some nouns can have both endings, with different meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;тон 'tone'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;тонá (about color) and тóны (about sound)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;хлеб 'bread'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;хлебá (field(s) of wheat, rye) and хлéбы (loafs of bread)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And sometimes both endings are correct: штормá and штóрмы 'storms', годá and гóды 'years' (but only гóды in годы юности 'the years of youth', девяностые годы 'the nineties').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again: dictionaries rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-27T19:10:52.183" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10767" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-27T22:02:10.677" Score="1" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am aware that one way to express 'as much [X] as' between one quantity and another is by 'столько, сколько...&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &quot;В течение недели пес сожрал столько же, сколько в полтора последних голодных месяца на улице.&quot; (In the course of a week, the dog devoured as much [food] as in his last, hungry month-and-a-half on the street.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are some other ways to express this comparison?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-09-27T22:18:13.590" Title="Ways to translate/say, &quot;as much as&quot;/&quot;to the same extent as&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10767" CreationDate="2015-09-27T22:18:13.590" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Perhaps in some cases you can use &quot;так же, как и&quot;, for instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I was &lt;strong&gt;as much&lt;/strong&gt; scared &lt;strong&gt;as&lt;/strong&gt; intrigued.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я был &lt;strong&gt;так же&lt;/strong&gt; напуган, &lt;strong&gt;как и&lt;/strong&gt; заинтригован. =  Я был &lt;strong&gt;настолько же&lt;/strong&gt; напуган, &lt;strong&gt;насколько&lt;/strong&gt; заинтригован.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some contexts, the construct &quot;&lt;strong&gt;и ..., и ... в равной мере&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; could be used (with variations like &quot;&lt;strong&gt;в равной мере и ..., и ...&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That depends on the context, of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-09-27T22:18:13.590" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10763" CreationDate="2015-09-28T10:40:16.390" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Зализняк noted, Russian language currently has conflicting rules: old ones and new ones. They fight over words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The new rule is that in plural form, the stress (ударение) should fall on a different syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And indeed it does in the pair д&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;м - дом&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It could not do that when plural was домы since the stress on ы is uncommon and very colloquial (кр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;н - кран&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt; as some people say).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not pretending this to be universal because it doesn't readily explain пр&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;вод - провод&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;. Where also exists an omonym пр&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;воды.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-09-28T10:40:16.390" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10722" CreationDate="2015-09-28T12:57:39.600" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The original meaning of the word &quot;попускать&quot; is to allow something to happen. In my lifetime I have not heard it used that way.&#xA;The meaning you are referring to seems to come from Ukrainian Russian speakers and has a darker meaning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;попускать кого-то&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; means to humiliate someone. It is not proper Russian though, and comes from Ukrainian slang.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consequently, when you tell that annoying guy at the nightclub &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Попустись!&quot; - &quot;Piss off!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; would be a much more accurate translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are telling your annoyed and agitated friend &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Попустись немного&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, you can translate that as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Chillax/Let it go/Forget it&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. How your friend will take it depends of your tome of voice and how close you are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6065" LastEditorUserId="6065" LastEditDate="2015-10-13T15:48:59.633" LastActivityDate="2015-10-13T15:48:59.633" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10722" CreationDate="2015-09-28T13:08:24.173" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say it depends on context - it can be anything from gentle &quot;let it go&quot; to mild &quot;chill out&quot; or &quot;relax&quot; to harsh &quot;stand down&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6066" LastActivityDate="2015-09-28T13:08:24.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10773" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23" CreationDate="2015-09-28T14:22:27.983" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some great answers here! Having read them, I was reassured that the words &lt;em&gt;excited&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;exciting&lt;/em&gt; are not in use in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, if you need to translate your emotions from English, try to express them without using excited or exciting in the first place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm very excited about my new job. -&amp;gt; I can't wait to start my new job! -&amp;gt; Я не могу дождаться начала своей новой работы!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My trip to Europe was so exciting. -&amp;gt; My trip to Europe left me impressed. -&amp;gt; Я был впечатлён своей поездкой по Европе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are you excited about going to the party? -&amp;gt; Are you ready to party? -&amp;gt; Ну что, ты готова к вечеринке?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6065" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-28T14:22:27.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10774" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10775" CreationDate="2015-09-28T15:52:35.260" Score="7" ViewCount="1348" Body="&lt;p&gt;В контексте ‹‹Жаловать есмя своих холопов вольны, а и казнити вольны же››&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5932" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T19:30:38.060" Title="Что значит слово ‹‹есмя››?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10774" CreationDate="2015-09-28T16:28:30.560" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно заметил @&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/5915/victor-bazarov&quot;&gt;Victor Bazarov&lt;/a&gt;, это древнерусская форма глагола «быть» в первом лице множественного числа настоящего времени, совр. рус. «мы есть». На самом деле, правильно было бы сказать &lt;em&gt;есмы́&lt;/em&gt;, ст.сл. &lt;em&gt;ѥсмъ&lt;/em&gt;, в &lt;em&gt;есмы́&lt;/em&gt; окончание -мы под воздействием местоимения «мы», но и форма «есмя» была широко распространена.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ваша цитата не совсем точна и не полна, вот её &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=Hx58WrRwnhgC&amp;amp;pg=PT151&amp;amp;lpg=PT151&amp;amp;dq=%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%8F%20%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B,%20%D0%B0%20%D0%B8%20%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%20%D0%B6%D0%B5&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=v-8mvsTWaB&amp;amp;sig=BnjMSBhMNosxOog-4dpBtrfv_vE&amp;amp;hl=uk&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0CDoQ6AEwBWoVChMI-YPUm4uayAIVgxIsCh0JHwaa#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%8F%20%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%2C%20%D0%B0%20%D0%B8%20%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%20%D0%B6%D0%B5&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;правильный вид&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А жаловати есмя своих холопей волны, а и казнити волны же есми были.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как можно заметить, второй раз написано уже не «есмя», а «есми», что, в принципе, характерно для уровня грамотности московских писцов XV века. Оба эти слова являются вспомогательными глаголами и относятся к причастию «были» (в др.-рус. языке формы глагола на -л были причастиями), т. е. «есмя были», что является формой одного из прошедших времён, перфекта, от глагола «быти», как в современном английском «have been», и на современный русский переводится «[мы] были», современное русское прошедшее время происходит от древнерусского перфекта, формы настоящего времени глагола «быть» в современном русском перестали употребляться, а старые причастия на -л начали восприниматься как формы глагола прошедшего времени, хотя они до сих пор изменяются по родам, что характерно для причастия, а не глагола.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом, перевод этого предложения такой:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А жаловать своих холопов мы всегда были вольны, вольны были и казнить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-09-28T20:16:46.227" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10758" CreationDate="2015-09-28T16:34:06.503" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;About meanings in the context.&lt;/em&gt; The original monologue is about possible suicide (&lt;strong&gt;suffering or death&lt;/strong&gt;), however many of Russian translations incl. the one by Pasternak (especially in its version for Taganka Theatre and Visotsky) intentionally disguise that idea by transforming the famous '&lt;strong&gt;to be or not to be&lt;/strong&gt;' dilemma into '&lt;strong&gt;struggle or inaction&lt;/strong&gt;', to glorify the idea of struggle.  So most Russian readers are quite sure of the latter main idea. After expression of it in the very beginning of translation, the words &quot;&lt;em&gt;Скончаться. Сном забыться. Уснуть.&lt;/em&gt;&quot; sound like 3 options of inaction: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;to die; to forget yourself in sleep /in a dream/; to fall asleep, &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;while in the author's concept they are a part of Hamlet's understanding what death is like: it's like to fall asleep but the problem is you'd most likely have dreams you wouldn't like. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-09-28T16:34:06.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10777" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-28T21:49:24.203" Score="2" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whilst learning the Russian language I stumbled upon this sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хорошо, когда будете в аэропорту в Лондоне, позвони ещё раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Good, when you are at the airport in London, call me again.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I'm wondering why it is аэропорт&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; (dativ / masculine)? During my classes I learned that the preposition &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; 99% with the prepositional case. So what do I miss here at this point? I would appreciate any kind of hint, thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6069" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-09-28T22:19:42.590" LastActivityDate="2015-10-13T14:56:47.530" Title="Can I use the dative case as a statement of place?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10778" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-09-29T01:50:51.557" Score="12" ViewCount="1098" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are some phrases to express that it is hard to think because you are very tired. In English, saying your 'brain is fried' can be due to external reasons such as taking drugs, but I'm talking very simply about how to say you're tired and that it has become hard to think clearly and/or at a normal pace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastEditorUserId="5201" LastEditDate="2015-09-29T14:39:05.370" LastActivityDate="2015-09-29T14:39:05.370" Title="How to translate 'My brain is fried?'" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10778" CreationDate="2015-09-29T05:37:27.153" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say &lt;em&gt;&quot;У меня мозги кипят&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (i.e. &quot;my brain boils&quot;). This could also mean an external reason, as an extreme heat, but usually it stands for &quot;I'm stuck&quot;, &quot;I'm tired of thinking&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW. This is probably due to driver's slang: if the engine overheats and starts smoking then one says &lt;em&gt;&quot;Мотор закипел&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-09-29T13:44:57.370" LastActivityDate="2015-09-29T13:44:57.370" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10780" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10783" CreationDate="2015-09-29T12:01:57.333" Score="5" ViewCount="362" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed twice now that in situations where someone is reporting past events, they suddenly switch to the present tense for no apparent reason. The first example is from &lt;a href=&quot;http://hyaenidae.narod.ru/story1/013.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; fairy tale. The second paragraph starts out in the past tense and then turns into the present tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кот ходил, ходил и набрел на избушку. Залез на чердак и полеживает себе. А захочет есть — пойдет в лес, птичек, мышей наловит, наестся досыта — опять на чердак, и горя ему мало!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second sentence in particular seems to read &amp;quot;He &lt;em&gt;climbed&lt;/em&gt; up to the attic, and &lt;em&gt;lies&lt;/em&gt; down&amp;quot;! This kind of change in tense is completely inconceivable in English. What motivates it in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other example I noticed was in some song lyrics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы встретились в маршрутке  &lt;em&gt;(past tense)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Под номером один, едем и молчим. &lt;em&gt;(present tense)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он говорит - доброе утро, &lt;em&gt;(present tense)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А я не слышу будто. &lt;em&gt;(present tense)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он сжал мне руку сильно... &lt;em&gt;(past tense)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-09-29T16:26:42.620" Title="The present tense in Russian storytelling" Tags="&lt;tense&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10781" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10780" CreationDate="2015-09-29T13:12:29.120" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;So you see, it's always the &lt;em&gt;transition&lt;/em&gt; from past to present and conditional future. That makes sense if you imagine that the story is happening now. This brings more reality and hence suspence. Now, what happened in the past is exposition, it's not very important for our narrative. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes this flow of the present tense can be interspersed with some past to mark a time gap. Your second example skips to the next exposition: he squeezed my hand. So what is my reaction now?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of this is very intuitive for native speakers. Creative writing allows many forms. Take imperative mood in Russian (my favorite example). All of these are correct: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Упасть, отжаться! &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Упал, отжался! &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Упади, отожмись!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I guess you only learn the third variant as correct imperative (first two are not so polite).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastActivityDate="2015-09-29T13:12:29.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10782" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10784" CreationDate="2015-09-29T16:11:30.230" Score="4" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say that I want to have a night out on the town with someone that I know is strapped financially, and I want to make it clear that I plan to pay for everything. What can I say that's better than &quot;Я заплачу за всё&quot;, which is rude and potentially demeaning? The goal is to make it clear ahead of time that you are offering to take them out all expenses paid, without making them feel uncomfortable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English phrase would probably be &quot;my treat&quot; but alternatives are welcome. Google Translate shows &quot;я угощаю&quot; for &quot;my treat&quot; but that just sounds obnoxious, plus it wouldn't seem right if there were no food involved, such as going out to a bar or a movie for example. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To clarify, my question is not about dating etiquette, just a nice, casual way to tell someone - anyone - that you have it covered. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1860" LastActivityDate="2015-10-02T03:29:22.650" Title="My treat (general context)" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10780" CreationDate="2015-09-29T16:26:42.620" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not unique to the Russian language. Frequently, the past tense is used to create context while the present tense is used to relate events. For example, an English speaker may say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The craziest thing happened on my way to work yesterday! This guy&#xA;  comes up to me and says...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence is context, and the second sentence is the main event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1860" LastActivityDate="2015-09-29T16:26:42.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10782" CreationDate="2015-09-29T16:27:54.933" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я угощаю&lt;/code&gt; is quite correct and elegant form to mean that you pay for everything. If you invite to something that involves tickets (theater, cinema) it will still be clear, but you may also say &lt;code&gt;я приглашаю&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я плачу за всё&lt;/code&gt; in this situation is too straightforward. Another straightforward way is &lt;code&gt;всё за мой счёт&lt;/code&gt;. But both require that the other side not be sensitive to this, nor take it as an offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A humorous way would be to say &lt;code&gt;контора платит&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;em&gt;[my] company pays&lt;/em&gt;, that person understanding that you mean it's you who pays).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastEditorDisplayName="user1514" LastEditDate="2015-09-29T16:33:35.593" LastActivityDate="2015-09-29T16:33:35.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10786" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9546" CreationDate="2015-09-29T19:42:54.867" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say &quot;Я учу драконов русскому языку&quot; is like &quot;I'm driving/getting them to knowing it&quot;. Generally, &quot;учить &lt;em&gt;smb. (Acc) smth. (Dat)&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is &quot;bring &lt;em&gt;smb.&lt;/em&gt; to knowlidge of &lt;em&gt;smth.&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6073" LastActivityDate="2015-09-29T19:42:54.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9546" CreationDate="2015-09-29T21:32:21.203" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ok, so I answered my own question. The definition of Учить as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;To learn&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is bad gloss in my opinion. That is, it's too simplistic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In reality, a better translation is &quot;To train&quot;. In English is perfectly valid to say &lt;strong&gt;&quot;I'm training the students to/for Russian (the Russian language)&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's more natural to say &quot;I'm trying them in Russian&quot;. But &quot;for&quot; is ok too. It's just a matter of oblique cases here that don't add much meaning at all to the sentence—they are just required for no good reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But to my English ears &lt;strong&gt;&quot;To train&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is better followed by the Dative meaning &lt;strong&gt;&quot;TO,For&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; than &lt;strong&gt;&quot;To learn&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Учиться is effectively &quot;To train oneself for X&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said &quot;To train&quot; matches all the other forms much better. &quot;Выучить&quot;, обучиь итд; they all have a sense of training. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2015-09-29T21:32:21.203" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10788" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10789" CreationDate="2015-09-30T11:16:35.583" Score="8" ViewCount="931" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know the russian word 'пока' has a number of meanings, the most prevalent one being the informal 'bye'.&#xA;In some contexts, however, I have come across 'пока-пока', but couldn't find much info about the use of this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it just a &quot;cutesy&quot; way of saying bye?&#xA;In which situations would this be used (over пока)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6075" LastActivityDate="2018-10-07T16:19:02.520" Title="Usage of пока-пока" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10788" CreationDate="2015-09-30T11:39:17.553" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it's a babyish way to say bye, similar to English &quot;bye-bye&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be used whenever English &quot;bye-bye&quot; would be used, and I believe is a Russian calque of the English word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-09-30T19:57:57.200" LastActivityDate="2015-09-30T19:57:57.200" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10790" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10782" CreationDate="2015-10-02T03:29:22.650" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say &quot;Расходы на мне&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's explicit enough without being rude.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-10-02T03:29:22.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10791" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-02T15:55:53.480" Score="2" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do I spell (and pronounce) the twenty third of October in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6084" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-10-02T19:15:48.013" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T21:00:45.410" Title="Numeral: Date. Confused when last digit is three" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10792" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10791" CreationDate="2015-10-02T16:28:54.873" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;October 23&quot; would be &lt;em&gt;двадцать третье октября&lt;/em&gt; ([dvɐt͡sɨ#'trʲetʲjɪ əktʲɪbrʲä])&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You use neuter gender for the ordinal here because it agrees with assumed noun &lt;em&gt;число&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;number&quot;) which is neuter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-10-02T16:28:54.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10791" CreationDate="2015-10-02T16:42:04.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 6 cases for it in their usual order (only &quot;третье&quot; changes):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Двадцать третье октября&lt;/code&gt; (what day it is)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;(От) двадцать третьего октября&lt;/code&gt; (when, letter /of/ what date, on what date)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;(К) двадцать третьему октября&lt;/code&gt; (/by what date/, to what day devoted)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Двадцать третье октября&lt;/code&gt; (the day one might remember)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Двадцать третьим октября&lt;/code&gt; (smth. ends with that day or marked with that date written)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;На двадцать третьем октября&lt;/code&gt; (we've finally come to agreement on that day for our next meeting)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-10-02T20:14:15.397" LastActivityDate="2015-10-02T20:14:15.397" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10794" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-02T22:23:01.890" Score="3" ViewCount="57" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been told that the correct and preferred syntax is 11-oго while I have seen syntax written as 11-го. which of these two is most correct and most common?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this spelling correct: У меня день рождéния 11-го/11-oго июня?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6085" LastEditorUserId="6085" LastEditDate="2015-10-02T22:42:20.560" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T03:00:05.683" Title="Date and syntax" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10795" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-02T22:33:09.210" Score="1" ViewCount="627" Body="&lt;p&gt;Was блин's development independent of блядь? Does anybody have something to say to whether it is a euphemism of блядь this statement? (or against it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-10-19T21:59:30.010" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T21:59:30.010" Title="Is блин a euphemism for блядь?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10796" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-02T22:38:52.720" Score="1" ViewCount="56" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am curious how I write correctly that I exercise the sport тхэквондо (russian spelling for: &quot;taekwondo&quot;?)?&#xA;Which verb is most correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am also curious how Hebrew is spelled correctly (еврейский?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6085" LastActivityDate="2015-10-02T23:25:20.813" Title="Language and exercise a sport?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10796" CreationDate="2015-10-02T23:25:20.813" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;занимаюсь&lt;/strong&gt; тхэквондо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of other kinds of sports (like ball games as opposed to wrestling) it is also possible to use the verb &quot;играть&quot; (я играю в футбол, в шахматы).&#xA;The spelling &quot;&lt;em&gt;тхэквондо&lt;/em&gt;&quot; comes from strict rules of Korean-to-Russian &lt;em&gt;practical transcription system&lt;/em&gt;, not from English version of the word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;еврейский (adjective)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;еврей (noun; nationality)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-10-02T23:25:20.813" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10798" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-02T23:30:07.813" Score="2" ViewCount="189" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am curious what the difference is between yчите and изучaете?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6085" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-10-19T16:44:13.243" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T16:44:13.243" Title="Difference between &quot;ýчите&quot; and &quot;изучáете&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10799" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-03T00:11:26.067" Score="1" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;I translated Tel-Aviv, Israel into тель-авив, Израиль but I am not sure if there should be a &quot;-&quot; between the two words or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6086" LastActivityDate="2015-10-13T14:28:50.700" Title="Question: How do you spell Tel-Aviv in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10798" CreationDate="2015-10-03T00:35:31.557" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;учить = learn&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;изучать = study.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-10-19T14:14:58.707" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T14:14:58.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10794" CreationDate="2015-10-03T03:00:05.683" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;У меня день рождéния 11 июня.&quot; or &quot;У меня день рождéния 11-го июня.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;У меня день рождéния 11-oго июня.&quot; — understandable but wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T03:00:05.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10795" CreationDate="2015-10-03T03:13:39.833" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &quot;блин&quot; is one of several an euphemism of блядь.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;More examples: млин, плин, млять, плять, бляха-муха, ... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T03:13:39.833" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10804" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-03T07:09:38.263" Score="2" ViewCount="2101" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как объяснить иностранцам и всем тем, кто со слуху не различает ударные личные окончания глаголов, в каких случаях глагольное личное окончание ударное? Есть ли какие-нибудь способы?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5403" LastActivityDate="2015-12-02T19:06:08.697" Title="Спряжение глаголов с ударными личными окончаниями" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="11" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10806" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-03T13:27:49.980" Score="4" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;I undestand that it is correct to write: &quot;Я былa в Москве&quot; but if a name ends with &quot;ё&quot; would it still be correct to end the sentence with an &quot;e&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я былa в Мальмe (Мальмё), Швеция&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6089" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-10-07T06:55:06.613" LastActivityDate="2015-10-12T05:52:13.687" Title="Я былa в Москве but if a town name ends in ё?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10806" CreationDate="2015-10-03T13:37:53.553" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мальмё&lt;/em&gt; is a foreign word which has no declension. In every case you should say just &lt;em&gt;Мальмё&lt;/em&gt; and nothing else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я была в Мальмё, Швеция&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or maybe &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я была в Мальмё, в Швеции&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T13:37:53.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10809" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-03T13:42:32.263" Score="-2" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I want to say that someone has a lot of money and be specific about it (See below). Why is the -om terminatation added on the F form and what is the rule for that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;он миллионер. Она миллионером.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6089" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T13:49:23.340" Title="он/Она and the -OM termination?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10809" CreationDate="2015-10-03T13:49:23.340" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is incorrect.  -ом ending is not added in the female form.  In both cases you would use nominative case. You would also use a dash (тире) before the noun in such construct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он - миллионер.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Она - миллионер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also use был/была verb in place of dash - and in this case you would add the -ом ending, as the noun is then used in instrumental case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он был миллионером.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Она была миллионером.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T13:49:23.340" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10811" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-03T13:51:59.117" Score="0" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am struggling with the word &quot;рождéния&quot;. I have used Google Translate but I want to run this by you. You are smarter than the Google machines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the prounaciation &quot;rozdenja&quot; or &quot;razdenja&quot;. I assume that with the &quot;я&quot; I shoukd in this case end the word with an &quot;-ja&quot;. Let me know what you think about this. I am using that word together in a sentence with: &quot;день рождéния&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6089" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T14:06:23.540" Title="How to pronounce the word &quot;рождéния&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10811" CreationDate="2015-10-03T14:06:23.540" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;(Using English pronunciation shorthand)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can pronounce it as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;rƏzh- D'EH- knee- yah&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; ('k' in 'knee' is silent of course).  The third syllable is different in the word &quot;&lt;em&gt;рожденья&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, note the soft sign where in the other '&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;' is.  &lt;em&gt;That&lt;/em&gt; word is pronounced as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;rƏzh- D'EN'- yah&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, in both the letter 'я' stands by itself and hence needs to contain the fricative(?) 'j' sound (English 'y').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T14:06:23.540" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10813" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-03T14:38:34.943" Score="0" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am struggling with a pronunciation of a date (birthday). The very end. So if I would like to pronounce &quot;16-oг&quot;. Would the following be correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Шестнáдцaть-&lt;strong&gt;eva&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am struggling a little with how to transform the -oг into a correct termination and pronunciation. Would appreciate some input. I have struggled with this part during longer period of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6089" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T20:11:17.483" Title="Question: Prounounciation of a date?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10814" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-03T14:48:39.050" Score="2" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;About the sentence: &quot;Я живy с семьёй.&quot; --&gt; Phonetic: [Yah zhivu s sem'yoy.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When pronouncing the &quot;independent c&quot;. Would you pronounce both the &quot;s:es&quot; in one go or would you make a short pause before pronouncing &quot;sem'yoy&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6089" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-06-25T13:58:15.683" LastActivityDate="2020-06-25T13:58:15.683" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;I live with my family&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10813" CreationDate="2015-10-03T15:06:59.787" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you meant &quot;16-го&quot; (not &quot;16-ог&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pronunciation of the last two syllables is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-тәвә&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(both letters '&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;' are without emphasis, but the second of them is even less stressed, more &quot;&lt;em&gt;lost&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, so to speak) and the entire word is something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;шәсн&lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sub&gt;т&lt;/sub&gt;цәтәвә&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the first '&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;' is omitted in the pronunciation and the '&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;' before '&lt;strong&gt;ц&lt;/strong&gt;' becomes non-vocal, '&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;', which BTW, almost disappears  (sorry, I'm not good at writing in IPA).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because the ending of the word in genitive case loses its soft sign, the sound '&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;' is hard (compared to the &lt;em&gt;cardinal number 16&lt;/em&gt;, for instance).  The nominative case of the ordinal number (&quot;&lt;em&gt;шестнадцатое&lt;/em&gt;&quot;) also has the hard '&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;' in the postfix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastEditorUserId="5915" LastEditDate="2015-10-03T20:11:17.483" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T20:11:17.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10814" CreationDate="2015-10-03T15:07:42.150" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it usually goes like &quot;double S&quot;. Actually, you may/should even omit a pause after &quot;&lt;em&gt;живу&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, and say &quot;SS&quot; by using the exhalation of &quot;&lt;em&gt;У&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T15:07:42.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10814" CreationDate="2015-10-03T15:08:31.077" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No pause, just make it doubled, as it is.  Pronounce it as if imitating a snake's hissing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T15:08:31.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10804" CreationDate="2015-10-03T17:58:05.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Окончание ударно, когда на него падает ударение. Боюсь, схема ударений окончаний - это словарное свойство глагола. Глаголы на -аю, -ею обычно имеют безударные окончания, но не более того, да и их инфинитивы совпадают с инфинитивами глаголов вроде &quot;писать&quot;, &quot;петь&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Было бы удобно предложить иностранцам пользоваться для определения этого &quot;Грамматическим словарём русского языка&quot; А. А. Зализняка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T17:58:05.663" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10814" CreationDate="2015-10-03T19:03:43.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You would pronounce them in one go. Think of &lt;em&gt;give u&lt;strong&gt;s s&lt;/strong&gt;ome&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemination&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemination&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note also that in this case, you've got two phonemically different consonants; the first [s] is hard and the second one is soft ([sʲ]). Some people assimilate, though, making them both soft; it's subject to free variation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian generally doesn't do pauses. The only Russian word that contains a &quot;pause&quot; of sorts (glottal stop) is the colloquial &lt;strong&gt;не-а&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;nope&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-10-03T19:11:36.470" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T19:11:36.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10820" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-03T19:14:12.483" Score="1" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard of several different pronunciations for the phrase &quot;сотовые телефоны&quot; (&lt;em&gt;sótovyje telefóny&lt;/em&gt; [&lt;em&gt;ˈsotəvɨje tʲɪlʲɪˈfonɨ]&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which is the correct pronunciation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;satavyye telefone&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;satovyye telefone&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;sotovyye telefone&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6091" LastEditorUserId="6545" LastEditDate="2020-06-15T19:16:35.737" LastActivityDate="2020-12-31T12:05:14.413" Title="What is the correct pronunciation of &quot;сотовые телефоны&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10820" CreationDate="2015-10-03T19:20:12.630" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;None of the above; &quot;sotavyye telefony&quot;, to use your notation. I doubt you heard those from native speakers; there are words with ambiguous emphasis in Russian but &lt;strong&gt;сотовые&lt;/strong&gt; certainly isn't one of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T19:20:12.630" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10822" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-03T19:24:55.733" Score="3" ViewCount="296" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ran into the two words &quot;вce&quot; and &quot;вcё&quot;. The teacher I have pronounces the words exactly the same even though the last letter is different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also ran the word through the Google Translate and some other fifth class software and got what appears to me as the same pronunciation for both of them or garbage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are the words pronounced the same? Do you guys have an opinion and expertise about this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6091" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-07-27T11:56:45.440" LastActivityDate="2020-07-29T21:04:24.977" Title="Difference in pronunciation between &quot;вce&quot; and &quot;вcё&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;буква-ё&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10823" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-03T19:33:28.227" Score="1" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;I ran into two words that ends with the same letter in plural. My book sometimes marks if a word is masculine or feminine sometimes they just omit it. Can you please help out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;рубль     (M or F)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;трамвай   (M or F)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6091" LastEditorUserId="3511" LastEditDate="2015-10-05T09:17:52.423" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T09:17:52.423" Title="Are these two words masculine or feminine?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10822" CreationDate="2015-10-03T19:35:36.853" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;These words actually have both different meanings and different pronunciation.&#xA;Transcriptions are the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Все - [ф с' э]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Всё - [ф с' о]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastEditorUserId="4379" LastEditDate="2015-10-03T19:52:00.003" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T19:52:00.003" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10823" CreationDate="2015-10-03T19:39:27.783" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both are masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any online dictionary (wiktionary.org, for instance) should be able to tell you most of what you need to know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-03T19:39:27.783" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10822" CreationDate="2015-10-03T21:56:58.120" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Listen to audios, or read IPA transcriptions, at the wiktionary article for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5#Pronunciation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;все&lt;/a&gt;.  The first one is the pronuncation of &lt;code&gt;все&lt;/code&gt;, the secons one is pronuncation of &lt;code&gt;всё&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in Russian ё is often written as е, so the word written as &lt;code&gt;все&lt;/code&gt; may actually mean &lt;code&gt;всё&lt;/code&gt;.  Such ё-&amp;gt;е replacement is most common in printed books, newspapers and journals (almost 100% cases), common in Internet (50% cases), and less common, but still ocasionally happens, in handwritten texts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2020-07-29T21:04:24.977" LastActivityDate="2020-07-29T21:04:24.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10827" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-04T05:54:20.473" Score="2" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I am not mistaken, 'по-настоящему' and 'как следует' generally mean 'properly' or 'in the right way.' Is there a difference in usage and meaning between these words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-10-04T08:25:21.213" Title="Difference between 'по-настоящему' and 'как следует'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10827" CreationDate="2015-10-04T07:28:21.983" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, &lt;em&gt;Как следует&lt;/em&gt; may be not just an idiom for &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;properly&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;, but also a construction similar to either &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;as it follows from&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;as it ought to&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &lt;em&gt;По-настоящему&lt;/em&gt; literally means &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;for real&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;. So these words are not always interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подумай &lt;em&gt;как следует&lt;/em&gt; --&amp;gt; do &lt;em&gt;proper&lt;/em&gt; thinking; think twice&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подумай &lt;em&gt;по-настоящему&lt;/em&gt; --&amp;gt; do &lt;em&gt;real&lt;/em&gt; thinking (mostly unmeaningful)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-10-04T07:28:21.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10827" CreationDate="2015-10-04T07:39:58.810" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;По-настоящему&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; typically means doing something &lt;strong&gt;at full strength&lt;/strong&gt;, without simplification or imitation of some action for some reason, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;боксировать по-настоящему,  без скидок на неопытность соперника&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Как следует&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&lt;em&gt;the way it should be done&lt;/em&gt;) means doing something &lt;em&gt;properly or thoroughly&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;as&lt;/strong&gt; one is &lt;strong&gt;supposed to do&lt;/strong&gt; it. The expression is usually opposed to someone's possible revealing their laziness or is based on a precedent of not doing their best. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;По-настоящему&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; can be used in similar meaning without a hint at a person's imperfection (it's a bit 'politically correct').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;На этот раз вымой пол как следует.&#xA;&#xA;(more friendly) Вымой сегодня пол, только по-настоящему (= как ты это умеешь).&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-10-04T08:25:21.213" LastActivityDate="2015-10-04T08:25:21.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10795" CreationDate="2015-10-04T17:23:26.677" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Блин&lt;/code&gt; is only a filler word and is a euphemism only in that position, you can't use it as a noun. And is almost acceptable. Russian linguist &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.e-reading.club/chapter.php/101730/45/Krongauz_-_Russkiii_yazyk_na_grani_nervnogo_sryva.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Maxim Krongauz mentions&lt;/a&gt; it being used on stage at award ceremonies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В начале книги я назвал актера Евгения Миронова, использовавшего &lt;em&gt;блин&lt;/em&gt; в благодарственном слове при вручении ему премии. Прошло несколько лет, и уже писатель Дмитрий Быков, вручая ту же премию, зачитывает поэтическое послание, в котором есть такие строки: «Вот вы сидите – номинанты, блин, – инфанты, дебютанты, неофиты, – а через пять минут из вас один пойдет под эти хищные софиты».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Older generation (50 and older) hear it as rude and often told us off and demanded &quot;Без блинов!&quot; Krongauz writes that he (born in 1950s) strongly dislikes it, meanwhile his father strongly opposed to the word &lt;code&gt;фиг&lt;/code&gt; which was also an euphemism to a strong obscenity. But nowadays its byproducts (&lt;code&gt;фиг вам&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;фиговина&lt;/code&gt;) are 99% inoffencive, although definitely not acceptable in high style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-10-19T21:57:14.630" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T21:57:14.630" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10831" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10832" CreationDate="2015-10-04T23:25:04.760" Score="1" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to translate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Do you have time to read?&quot; and end up with: &quot;у вас есть время, чтобы прочитать?&quot;. Is there any other way to re-phrase the second part of the sentence?&#xA;Would &quot;у вас есть время, читать?&quot; work? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T07:41:44.290" Title="Translation: Some parts missing" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10831" CreationDate="2015-10-04T23:33:04.933" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;У вас есть время, чтобы прочитать?&quot; means 'Do you have time to finish reading it?' since &quot;прочитать&quot; is a perfective verb meaning 'to begin and finish reading something'.&#xA;Your variant &quot;У вас есть время читать?&quot; is OK, only the comma is not needed there. Also you can say it as &quot;У вас есть время на чтение?&quot; that is 'Do you have time for reading?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-10-04T23:33:04.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10833" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-05T01:54:57.020" Score="2" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;My textbook mentions short adjectives like болен which decline by gender - больна, больно, больны.  But it also mentions short adverbs like хорошо and сложно which can be used as neuter short adjectives -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;adj: Это очень интересно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;adv: Он очень интересно говорил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do these decline when used as adjectives?  Например,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мария Николаевна совсем хороша?  Я совсем хорош?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't found declension charts for these, so I suspect not.  So then, are these words just super-simple-short-adjectives that never decline like болен?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4966" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T08:28:05.930" Title="Short adverbs used as adjectives" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10834" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10835" CreationDate="2015-10-05T02:26:38.407" Score="8" ViewCount="4333" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it okay to say &quot;два мужчины&quot; or should I always say &quot;двое мужчин&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2015-10-05T10:14:53.597" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T21:39:38.157" Title="&quot;два мужчины&quot; or &quot;двое мужчин&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10834" CreationDate="2015-10-05T05:24:28.163" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;You usually say &quot;двое мужчин&quot; if you consider them 'a group' (e.g. they came together, do something together, do the same thing, etc.). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Из-за угла вышли двое мужчин.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's an example, where &quot;два мужчины&quot; is more correct (how many; different times or places).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В моей жизни было два мужчины.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A real example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;   Анастасия Вертинская: &quot;У меня в жизни только два мужчины, &#xA;    которых я по-настоящему люблю. Это мой отец и сын Степан...&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P.S.&lt;/strong&gt; A reference, by request and as opposed to the quoted web source where &quot;два мужчины&quot; was called &lt;em&gt;impossible&lt;/em&gt; expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Жилина О.А., Романова Н.Н. - Русский язык и культура речи. ч.1. Основы культуры речи - 2008&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://psyera.ru/upotreblenie-sobiratelnyh-chislitelnyh_8716.htm&quot;&gt;http://psyera.ru/upotreblenie-sobiratelnyh-chislitelnyh_8716.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;II. Числительные собирательные и количественные употребляются &lt;strong&gt;как синонимы&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) с субстантивированными прилагательными и причастиями мужского рода: двое прохожих - два прохожих, трое больных -три больных, двое отдыхающих - два отдыхающих (предпочтительнее собирательные числительные);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) с существительными мужского и общего рода, имеющими окончание -а: &lt;strong&gt;двое мужчин - два мужчины&lt;/strong&gt;, трое старост - три старосты, трое сирот - три сироты (предпочтительнее собирательные числительные);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-10-05T21:39:38.157" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T21:39:38.157" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10836" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-05T05:26:57.373" Score="2" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I want to ask what concert/opera/ballet is playing would:&#xA;&quot;Который спектакль идёт?&quot; be correct or is there a better phrase that is used more commonly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2015-10-05T08:45:23.667" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T08:45:23.667" Title="What concert/opera/ballet is playing? the difference between &quot;который / какой&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10837" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10847" CreationDate="2015-10-05T05:55:53.477" Score="1" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am curious if the following is the correct grammatically?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;кто играет роль Лары?&quot; (Lara's role)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a more common expression tha would fit better?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T13:28:56.477" Title="Who plays the role?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10838" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10848" CreationDate="2015-10-05T06:20:44.453" Score="0" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could the word: &quot;пойдёмте&quot; be used to tell someone to hurry up?&#xA;I get a lot of hits on a lot of other words on &quot;hurry up&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &quot;Скорее&quot; a better word in this case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastEditorUserId="6096" LastEditDate="2015-10-05T06:56:06.303" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T08:17:53.253" Title="Looking for a &quot;hurry up&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10839" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10840" CreationDate="2015-10-05T06:37:17.483" Score="3" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;When meeting someone and you are glad to see them I have learned that one phrase that can be used is:&#xA;&quot;Я радa видеть вас&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you want to respond to that and tell that you are also happy to see them would: &quot;Я также рад видеть вас&quot; be a appropriate response?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-10-05T17:28:40.420" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T20:00:36.823" Title="When meeting someone and you are glad to see them" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10839" CreationDate="2015-10-05T06:45:12.347" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a single word used quite often in such cases: &amp;quot;взаимно&amp;quot;. That words is used when you want to express that you share the same feelings with person after he or she expressed that feelings. It could be used both for positive and negative sentiments. For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пётр: Как же я тебя ненавижу!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Василий: Знаешь, взаимно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of your phrase &amp;quot;я так же рад видеть вас&amp;quot; (notice that &amp;quot;так же&amp;quot; in this case is written separately) - it is a valid but slightly non-colloquial form. It sounds a bit pathetic. Something like &amp;quot;и я тоже очень рад&amp;quot; sounds more natural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T20:00:36.823" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10833" CreationDate="2015-10-05T07:10:45.040" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мария Николаевна совсем хороша? Я совсем хорош?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, these are valid sentences. Though I guess, you don't understand what they mean )))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Совсем хорош&lt;/em&gt;&quot; = &lt;em&gt;dead drunk&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, yes, this one declines (by gender), because it &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; an adjective. When it's an adverb it has no declension, e.g. &lt;em&gt;&quot;Кому на Руси жить хорошо&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-10-05T08:28:05.930" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T08:28:05.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10838" CreationDate="2015-10-05T07:32:19.860" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Cкорее&lt;/code&gt; is definitely better and more universal, but I can imagine a periodically repeated &lt;code&gt;пойдёмте&lt;/code&gt; that is used as an incentive to move on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5427" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T07:32:19.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10843" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10831" CreationDate="2015-10-05T07:41:44.290" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;That depends upon what you're trying to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У Вас есть время, чтобы прочитать?&lt;/em&gt; --&amp;gt; Do you have time to read [this book]?; i.e. you ask if the person minds reading some text&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У Вас есть время, чтобы читать?&lt;/em&gt; --&amp;gt; Do you have time to read? [Really?]; i.e. you believe that the person is too busy to read anything at all&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У Вас есть время, чтобы почитать?&lt;/em&gt; --&amp;gt; Do you have time to read [a little]; this is mostly neuter, as it may mean both above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T07:41:44.290" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10834" CreationDate="2015-10-05T07:46:41.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, no one says &quot;&lt;em&gt;два мужчины&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Can't really remember any setting where this could be right. Though you may say &quot;&lt;em&gt;два мужика&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T07:46:41.910" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10836" CreationDate="2015-10-05T07:57:33.747" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Который&lt;/em&gt; is wrong in this case. You may only say &lt;em&gt;Какой&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also talking about &quot;classical shows&quot;, like classical music concert, opera or ballet, there's a tradition to use the verb &quot;&lt;em&gt;давать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; instead of &quot;&lt;em&gt;идти&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. &lt;em&gt;What ballet is playing in Bolshoi&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;Какой балет дают в Большом&lt;/em&gt;? Although nowadays many people say &quot;идёт&quot; too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T07:57:33.747" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10837" CreationDate="2015-10-05T08:06:13.833" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is correct. You can also say &quot;Кто играет Лару / Гамлета / короля?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T08:06:13.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10837" CreationDate="2015-10-05T08:06:35.253" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, that's correct. You may also shorten this like: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Кто играет Лару?&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, or maybe even &quot;&lt;em&gt;Кто Лара?&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, if the context allows to do this without any ambiguity. But these are just colloquial &quot;shortcuts&quot; for the above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T08:06:35.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10838" CreationDate="2015-10-05T08:15:15.473" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;hurry (sb/sth) up&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To translate the phrase into Russian, you will convert the &lt;code&gt;up&lt;/code&gt; to prefix &lt;code&gt;по-&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;под-&lt;/code&gt;, then insert that (sb/sth):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;to ​move or do things more ​quickly than ​normal or to make someone do this:&#xA;&#xA;по-спеши&#xA;по-торопись&#xA;по-торопливайся&#xA;по-шевеливайся&#xA;по-живее&#xA;по-скорее&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;  &quot;We shan't get there till tomorrow going on like this. Hurry up!&quot;&#xA;  The sledge-driver cranes his neck again, rises in his seat, &#xA;  and with heavy grace swings his whip. &#xA;                                        [Anton Chekhov. Misery]&#xA;  ― Этак мы и до завтра не доедем. Подгони-ка! Извозчик опять &#xA;  вытягивает шею, приподнимается и с тяжелой грацией взмахивает кнутом.&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is no (sb/sth), or not meant for inclusion that (sb/sth) from the context, then you used to insert words generally without &lt;code&gt;по-&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;== скорее, скорей:&#xA;  Папа смеялся и кричал мне вслед: — Скорей, скорей, а то опоздаешь. &#xA;                                                        [Leo Tolstoy. Childhood]&#xA;  Papa laughing as he shouted after me, &quot;Hurry up, hurry up or you'll be late!&quot;&#xA;&#xA;  Hurry up! What news?&#xA;  Скорей, что нового?&#xA;&#xA;== живо, живее:&#xA;  Now then, hurry up!&#xA;  Ну, живо!&#xA;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T08:15:15.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10838" CreationDate="2015-10-05T08:17:53.253" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пойдёмте&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Идёмте&lt;/em&gt; are the same as &lt;em&gt;Let's go&lt;/em&gt;. Sure, you may say &quot;Let's go&quot; instead of &quot;Hurry up&quot; under some circumstances, but technically these are not the same thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a direct translation for &quot;&lt;em&gt;Hurry up&lt;/em&gt;&quot; into Russian, I'd choose either &lt;em&gt;Быстрее&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Поторапливайтесь&lt;/em&gt; depending on whether you mean a stronger or weaker order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T08:17:53.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10850" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10852" CreationDate="2015-10-05T08:50:07.337" Score="0" ViewCount="309" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to run this by you since sometimes the various language AI:s on internet comes back with various answers and I have seen different spelling variants in a few books depending on where the books are written.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would Copenhagen be equivalent to: &quot;Kопенгаген&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T11:29:23.853" Title="Denmark's capital in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10834" CreationDate="2015-10-05T09:29:44.023" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A couple of sources to clear the topic:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rus.1september.ru/article.php?ID=200801009&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Два, две или двое?&lt;/a&gt; (edited)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По правилам русского языка, если речь о &lt;em&gt;женщинах&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;девушках&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;девочках&lt;/em&gt;, употребляются количественные числительные &lt;em&gt;две&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;три&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;четыре&lt;/em&gt; и т.д.: две женщины, три девушки, четыре девочки. Если же речь о &lt;em&gt;мужчинах&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;юношах&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;мальчиках&lt;/em&gt;, их уже будет &lt;em&gt;двое&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;трое&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;четверо&lt;/em&gt;. Сказать: «Иду я по парку, а навстречу мне &lt;em&gt;два мужчины&lt;/em&gt;» абсолютно невозможно. Хоть слово мужчина (как и юноша) по форме напоминает слово женщина, оно – мужского рода – значит, навстречу идут &lt;em&gt;двое мужчин&lt;/em&gt;. Итак, мужчин и юношей не может быть два, три, четыре. А вот мальчиков может быть и два, и двое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Собирательные числительные идут в ход и тогда, когда имеются в виду вообще люди или дети: вот по улице, например, идут &lt;em&gt;двое&lt;/em&gt; или &lt;em&gt;двое прохожих&lt;/em&gt; (двое мужчин, две женщины или мужчина и женщина – не суть важно), а за ними – четверо ребят (опять-таки, это могут быть и мальчишки, и девчонки, или и те, и другие).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если мы имеем дело с сочетанием &lt;em&gt;трое сирот&lt;/em&gt;, нельзя сразу сказать, кто имеется в виду: мальчики или девочки (могут быть и те, и другие, или, например, двое мальчиков и одна девочка), если же упомянуты &lt;em&gt;три сироты&lt;/em&gt; – речь однозначно о девочках, лишившихся родителей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть случаи, когда можно сказать и так, и этак: &lt;em&gt;два друга&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;двое друзей&lt;/em&gt;. В первом словосочетании смысловой акцент – на личностях, это два конкретных человека, которые дружат, во втором – скорее на том, что их объединяет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не рекомендуется употреблять собирательные числительные, если речь идет о людях, занимающих высокое положение. Например, на кафедре может быть &lt;em&gt;два профессора&lt;/em&gt; (но не &lt;em&gt;двое профессоров&lt;/em&gt;), а в воинском подразделении – &lt;em&gt;три генерала&lt;/em&gt; (но не &lt;em&gt;трое генералов&lt;/em&gt;). Количественные числительные и в этом случае позволяют сделать акцент на личности, на ее достижениях, а собирательные – «понижают статус» соответствующего лица (ср. двое преподавателей, трое военных – здесь акцент скорее на социальной группе).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To go deeper:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruslang.ru/doc/rjano03.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Русский язык в научном освещении, №1 (3), 2002&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Многие информанты весьма настороженно относятся к форме &lt;em&gt;два мужчины&lt;/em&gt;, избегая ее и предпочитая ей в тех случаях, когда отсутствуют семантические запреты на сочетаемость с собирательным числительным, форму с двое: &lt;em&gt;двое мужчин&lt;/em&gt;. Частотность сочетаний типа &lt;em&gt;два мужчины&lt;/em&gt; действительно невелика. Идиолекту автора статьи формы &lt;em&gt;два мужчины&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;два юноши&lt;/em&gt; не чужды. Однако мы не можем не считаться с тем, что статистика говорит не в пользу сочетания &lt;em&gt;два мужчины&lt;/em&gt;. [...] такие формы, как &lt;em&gt;три/четыре мужчины&lt;/em&gt;, а также в некоторых&#xA;идиолектах и &lt;em&gt;два мужчины&lt;/em&gt;, оказываются на периферии нормы. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5269" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T09:29:44.023" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10852" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10850" CreationDate="2015-10-05T11:29:23.853" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the one who's first language is Russian and who lives in Copenhagen, I can confirm that Копенгаген is correct. It is also common to name it Копен as short informal name in chat or small talk but not in email conversations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5132" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T11:29:23.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10837" CreationDate="2015-10-05T13:28:56.477" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it's better to say: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кто исполняет роль Лары?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5373" LastActivityDate="2015-10-05T13:28:56.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10854" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-05T23:59:48.777" Score="3" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't understand the difference between the these words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there one? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit: &#xA;I know all about intransitive and transitive verbs, but my dictionaries say that плескать can be intransitive too. &#xA;&quot;Волны плещут о борт корабля&quot;&#xA;&quot;вода плеснула&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's were the confusion is for me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2015-10-06T01:20:55.377" LastActivityDate="2015-10-06T01:20:55.377" Title="плескать / плескаться" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10854" CreationDate="2015-10-06T00:35:57.587" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Плескать&quot; (perfective &quot;плеснуть&quot;) means 'to splash some liquid somewhere or at someone', like in &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он плеснул ей в лицо водой. - He splashed water into her face.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vxC1K.jpg&quot; width=&quot;330&quot; height=&quot;200&quot;&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &quot;плескаться&quot; is something one can do alone, to bathe and splash water around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ребёнок плещется в ванне. - A baby is splashing in the tub.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/q2Rbf.jpg&quot; height=&quot;200&quot;&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or it can mean two people bathing and splashing at each other or more people bathing and splashing at one another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Школьники плескались в фонтане. - Pupils were splashing in the fountain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RMcO8.jpg&quot; height=&quot;300&quot;&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-10-06T00:35:57.587" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10854" CreationDate="2015-10-06T00:38:03.647" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, yes, there is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The former is &lt;em&gt;transitive&lt;/em&gt; (can have a direct object), whereas the latter is &lt;em&gt;intransitive&lt;/em&gt; (used without a direct object).  In fact you can say that the latter is the same as the former with &quot;self&quot; as the object (the postfix '-ся' called &quot;reflexive&quot; postfix, formed from &quot;себя&quot; = &quot;oneself&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the verb &quot;плескать&quot; with a direct object:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Днепр сердито &lt;strong&gt;плескал&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;волнами&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &quot;плескаться&quot; can be used in different shades of meaning.  From the recent news:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бегемот-малыш с удовольствием &lt;strong&gt;плескался&lt;/strong&gt; в бассейне зоопарка.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  На северном полюсе Марса когда-то &lt;strong&gt;плескался&lt;/strong&gt; океан.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence, the baby hippo &lt;em&gt;splashed&lt;/em&gt; with pleasure in a zoo pool.  In the second, an ocean &lt;em&gt;splashed&lt;/em&gt; on Mars' Nothern pole some eons ago.  Both mean (in Russian) that the subject &quot;splashed &lt;strong&gt;itself&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-06T00:38:03.647" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10858" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10860" CreationDate="2015-10-06T14:37:19.467" Score="2" ViewCount="500" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you, please, help me translate the adjective &lt;code&gt;вырвиглазный&lt;/code&gt; into English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usage: &lt;code&gt;вырвиглазный баннер&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;вырвиглазный перевод&lt;/code&gt;. Synonyms:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;аляповатый&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;дебильный&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;запредельный&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;мозговыносящий&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;мозговырывающий&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;мозгоразрывающий&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;стрёмный&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;ужасный&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2199" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T12:50:50.000" Title="How to translate Вырвиглазный into English?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2015-10-06T21:26:28.253" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10858" CreationDate="2015-10-06T15:12:08.240" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;How about &quot;&lt;strong&gt;eye-popping&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;? Not exactly the same meaning, but it has the right visual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively you could call those banners &lt;strong&gt;ugly&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;unsightly&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;hideous&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Fugly&lt;/strong&gt;, if you choose to be explicit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translations can be &lt;strong&gt;abhorring&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;baffling&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;unfathomable&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So that's the shortlist! I used a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thesaurus.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.thesaurus.com&lt;/a&gt; for this answer. I'm sure you can find something that speaks to your particular case there. Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6065" LastEditorUserId="6065" LastEditDate="2015-10-07T12:50:50.000" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T12:50:50.000" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10858" CreationDate="2015-10-06T15:16:36.623" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Urban Dictionary has some variants:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Eye-hurt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;eye-hurt&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - A visible object that hurts your brain when viewed. This could be an ugly-ass girl/guy, or a crappy piece of art.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Damn website font is eye-hurt!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=eyesore&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;eyesore&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - Ugly, hard on the eyes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Since you painted your house electric pink it has become the eyesore of the neighborhood.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=eye%20trash&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;eye trash&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - anything that is a visually offensive; i.e. a waste of good scenery; worse than an &lt;strong&gt;eye sore&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;All the &amp;quot;cookie cutter&amp;quot; urban sprawl is eye trash for nature.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-10-06T15:16:36.623" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10858" CreationDate="2015-10-06T19:27:09.150" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd add &quot;gaudy&quot; to a list of possible translations.&#xA;According to the google dictionary it means: extravagantly bright or showy, typically so as to be tasteless. Seems to be pretty close to &lt;code&gt;вырвиглазный&lt;/code&gt; in my impression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastActivityDate="2015-10-06T19:27:09.150" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10865" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10871" CreationDate="2015-10-07T08:34:46.530" Score="5" ViewCount="1752" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my textbook the word надо is translated into: &quot;It is needed&quot; and нужен: &quot;needed&quot;. As russian speaker. When do you use these two words, are there any nuances?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T10:16:13.540" Title="Difference between надо and нужен" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10866" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10868" CreationDate="2015-10-07T08:50:43.520" Score="4" ViewCount="259" Body="&lt;p&gt;My Russian teacher, claims that when pronouncing &quot;часá&quot; it should be pronounced as: &quot;чi-сa&quot; with an &quot;i&quot; instead of an &quot;a&quot;. I have looked around and it appears that the pronunciation hinges around: &quot;cha-sa&quot;. You are native Russian speakers and could perhaps tell me what is correct and what is a myth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-tell-time-in-russian.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-tell-time-in-russian.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/httelltime.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://masterrussian.com/httelltime.shtml&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-05-24T16:46:09.287" LastActivityDate="2020-05-24T16:46:09.287" Title="Pronunciation of часá (часы, часов)" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10867" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10866" CreationDate="2015-10-07T08:57:58.867" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native speaker, I can assure you it definitely is pronounced as &quot;cha-sa&quot;. And I really can't pinpoint the myth origin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering that a in ча can be both stressed and unstressed, it really is pronounced differently depending on stress. But it's still is pronounced as a, not as I. It's just less opened and bright. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6104" LastEditorUserId="6104" LastEditDate="2015-10-07T09:26:27.400" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T09:26:27.400" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10866" CreationDate="2015-10-07T09:09:48.090" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your teacher is absolutely right. According to the rules of pronunciation of the Russian unstressed vowels, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the letter &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; after &lt;code&gt;ч&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;щ&lt;/code&gt; in an unstressed syllable is&#xA;  pronounced as the letter &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;, that is as [ɪ].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have a look:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;часы́&lt;/a&gt;  - [t͡ɕɪˈsɨ] 'clock'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;часовóй&lt;/a&gt; - [t͡ɕɪsɐˈvoj] 'sentry'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;щавéль&lt;/a&gt; - [ɕːɪˈvʲelʲ] 'sorrel, dock (plant)'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;счастли́вый&lt;/a&gt; - [ɕːɪˈslʲivɨj] 'happy'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is why the word &lt;code&gt;часá&lt;/code&gt; is pronounced as [t͡ɕɪˈsa].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T09:09:48.090" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10866" CreationDate="2015-10-07T09:37:20.177" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do not think of a vowel reduction as simply a vowel &quot;replace&quot;. Honestly, every time when I see a phonetic transcription, I can't believe that it's the same what I speak.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, the rule of reduction is really simple: speak neither &lt;code&gt;чi-са&lt;/code&gt;, nor &lt;code&gt;ча-са&lt;/code&gt;, nor &lt;code&gt;че-са&lt;/code&gt;, but &lt;code&gt;ч-са&lt;/code&gt;, where the dash stands for &quot;some noise&quot; left between spelling &lt;code&gt;ч&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;с&lt;/code&gt;. No speaker really cares if it's closer to one vowel or another. Just do it quick and never stress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T09:37:20.177" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10865" CreationDate="2015-10-07T09:41:19.927" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The same like &quot;we need&quot; vs &quot;he is needed (for something)&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5132" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T09:41:19.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10865" CreationDate="2015-10-07T09:51:04.873" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, &lt;code&gt;надо&lt;/code&gt; is more colloquial than &lt;code&gt;нужен&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To say &lt;strong&gt;[somebody] needs [something]&lt;/strong&gt; you use the two words in such a way: &lt;strong&gt;[somebody in the Dat. case] надо/нужен [something in the Nom. case]&lt;/strong&gt;. Note, &lt;code&gt;надо&lt;/code&gt; never changes its form, but &lt;code&gt;нужен&lt;/code&gt; must agree in number and gender with the subject of the sentence, that is the part which is in the Nominative case. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need a pencil.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне надо карандаш.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нужен карандаш.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oleg needs a pen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Олегу надо ручка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Олегу нужна ручка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, in sentences like &lt;strong&gt;[somebody] needs [something]&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;code&gt;нужен&lt;/code&gt; is used more often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is another way to use the two words, it is when you want to say &lt;strong&gt;[somebody] needs [to do something]&lt;/strong&gt;. In this case, &lt;code&gt;нужен&lt;/code&gt; is used in the neuter gender, &lt;code&gt;нужно&lt;/code&gt;, and both words are absolutely interchangeable. The construction is like this: &lt;strong&gt;[somebody in the Dat. case] надо/нужно [infinitive phrase]&lt;/strong&gt;. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need to go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне надо/нужно уходить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You need to see that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вам надо/нужно это увидеть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T09:51:04.873" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10865" CreationDate="2015-10-07T09:56:55.337" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Надо&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (нужно) mainly combines with &lt;strong&gt;verbs&lt;/strong&gt; (infinitives): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;это надо/нужно сделать - it needs to be done, &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;while &lt;strong&gt;&quot;нужен&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (м.р.) combines with (masculine) &lt;strong&gt;nouns&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; нужен нож - a knife is needed.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T09:56:55.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10865" CreationDate="2015-10-07T10:07:51.383" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нужный&lt;/em&gt; is an &lt;em&gt;adjective&lt;/em&gt; meaning &quot;needed&quot;, &quot;required&quot;, &quot;necessary&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нужен / Нужна&lt;/em&gt; is a &lt;em&gt;short adjective&lt;/em&gt; made of the full form &lt;em&gt;нужный&lt;/em&gt;. Short adjectives often are the part of predicative (e.g. &quot;Я им нужен&quot;) but they are still &lt;em&gt;adjectives&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нужно / Надо&lt;/em&gt; are purely impersonate constructions like, say, Spanish &lt;em&gt;hay que&lt;/em&gt;. The closest English equivalent would be &quot;It is needed&quot;. The difference between &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt; is very, very slight. You may simply ignore it for a moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Technically, &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt; is the neuter gender of the short adjective &lt;em&gt;нужен / нужна&lt;/em&gt; but in the vast majority of cases &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt; stands for an impersonate, not for an adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-10-07T10:16:13.540" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T10:16:13.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10875" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10878" CreationDate="2015-10-07T11:50:20.480" Score="0" ViewCount="256" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word, to smile: улыбаться. I have tried a new speech engine and it is much better than the ones I used so far but this one is a little tricky in my opinion. The verbs with -ся can be a challenge. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need help with the first few words (see markings).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is more correct and how do you pronounce?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;улыбаться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;u&lt;strong&gt;v&lt;/strong&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;-bat-tsa&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;or&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;u&lt;strong&gt;l&lt;/strong&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;-bat-tsa&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-12-24T21:35:08.900" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;улыбаться&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10820" CreationDate="2015-10-07T11:55:57.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's better to use &amp;quot;мобильные телефоны&amp;quot;, or even just &amp;quot;мобильные&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;сотовые телефоны&amp;quot; is mostly used in formal writing/speaking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you really need to use &amp;quot;сотовые телефоны&amp;quot;, the first 'o' is pronounced like the first 'o' in &amp;quot;follow&amp;quot; and the second 'o' is like the first 'o' in &amp;quot;pronounce&amp;quot; (not stressed and something between [o] and [a], but closer to [o])&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if you'd like to know the pronunciation of &amp;quot;мобильные&amp;quot;, it is &amp;quot;Ma-bIl'-nы-ye&amp;quot;. I hope you know how to pronounce 'ы'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-12-31T12:05:14.413" LastActivityDate="2020-12-31T12:05:14.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="10877" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10890" CreationDate="2015-10-07T11:56:24.790" Score="3" ViewCount="231" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am curious when it is approprite to use the expression: &quot;всё в порядке&quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could I use it if someone ask me: &quot;как дела&quot;? or could I use the expression in other situations like if someone asks me how the progress is in a projekt (work related issues)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you use this sentence and how?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T00:46:35.347" Title="When would you use &quot;всё в порядке&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10875" CreationDate="2015-10-07T11:57:04.427" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using English transcription (not IPA, at which I'm no good):&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;oo-ly-BUT-tsa&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second syllable is without stress, so the '&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;' can really be pronounces as a &lt;em&gt;schwa&lt;/em&gt;, so can the last '&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;'.  The sounds 't' and 'ts' are really combined into a single '&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ц&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;', so in Russian you can write the pronunciation as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;у-лы-БА-ца&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T11:57:04.427" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10877" CreationDate="2015-10-07T12:02:30.317" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;всё в порядке&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is usually given in response to an inquiry about the status of things (project, activity, whatnot), especially if the question is expressed with some concern about the success.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In response to &quot;&lt;em&gt;как дела?&lt;/em&gt;&quot; one would usually say &quot;&lt;em&gt;спасибо, ничего&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or any variation of &quot;&lt;em&gt;хорошо&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, for example, &quot;&lt;em&gt;замечательно&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or even &quot;&lt;em&gt;лучше всех&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.  That is, unless one really wants to share the troubles and talk about a possible solution to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T12:02:30.317" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10880" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10881" CreationDate="2015-10-07T16:45:03.917" Score="6" ViewCount="519" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the rule that &quot;ш&quot; cannot be soft (unpalatalized) apply when it is followed by a soft sign &quot;шь&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the famous song &quot;Никого не Будет в Доме&quot; from &quot;Ирнония Судьбы&quot;, there's a line&#xA;&quot;...из которых хлопья шьют.&quot;&#xA;Beautiful imagery, but how do you pronounce &quot;шьют&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the movie, I distinctly hear &quot;шълют&quot; (unpalatalized ш, then л):&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n24BCHXB9V0&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n24BCHXB9V0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've also always wondered how the 2nd person verb endings are supposed to be pronounced: представлае&lt;strong&gt;шь&lt;/strong&gt;, говори&lt;strong&gt;шь&lt;/strong&gt;, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="313" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T10:12:24.080" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;шь&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10880" CreationDate="2015-10-07T17:05:15.963" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's only one 'Ш' in Russian (except rare dialects), and it's &lt;em&gt;hard&lt;/em&gt;. It doesn't matter if it's followed by 'Ь' or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the word &quot;&lt;em&gt;шьют&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, it is said like 'ШЙУТ'. 'Ь' here denotes that 'Ю' is iotized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Singers sometimes intentionally make phonetic errors but I don't seem it's true in this particular case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD. Having listened this song one more time, I should say, the pronounce is very clear from the beginning to the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-10-07T17:16:36.950" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T17:16:36.950" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10880" CreationDate="2015-10-07T17:05:23.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure about rules, but usually 'ь' after, uh, hissing consonants (not sure if it's a proper name, but hope you understand) does not alter their pronunciation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of &quot;шьют&quot; 'ь' denotes that 'ю' should be pronounced as 'йу', not as just 'у' (English 'u'). Actually, I can't hear any 'л' in the song, it's 'й'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of &quot;представляешь&quot; and other verbs... I actually don't remember why we need soft sign, but there should be some grammatical rule&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And finally, in case of nouns (мышь, ночь...), as far as I remember, soft sign after hissing consonants indicates the word is feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2015-10-07T17:05:23.047" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10883" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-07T21:05:57.027" Score="1" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English we have: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Would you like do x? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Should we do x? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Let's do x &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would the idiomatic equivalent(s) in Russian be? &#xA;For instance a literal translation of &lt;code&gt;should we go to work?&lt;/code&gt; might be &lt;code&gt;мы должны встретиться после работы ?&lt;/code&gt; (I used a translator here, my Russian isn't so good and Google is failing me on this issue.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if this is &lt;em&gt;literally&lt;/em&gt; correct, I doubt that it is idiomatic Russian, as in my experience, Russian phrases tend to be a little more direct/to the point. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A language learning site suggested:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Я хотела бы пригласить тебя к себе на ужин.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For &lt;code&gt;I would like to invite you to dinner at my place.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that the same level of politeness as it sounds like it is in English?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4828" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2015-10-07T21:10:31.823" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T07:59:05.050" Title="What's the idiomatic way to politely propose an activity?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10883" CreationDate="2015-10-07T21:45:00.703" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The common patterns for translation of such questions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;[&lt;em&gt;Pronoun&lt;/em&gt;] &lt;em&gt;verb&lt;/em&gt; ... ?  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;[Не] &lt;em&gt;verb&lt;/em&gt; [ли] &lt;em&gt;pronoun&lt;/em&gt; ... ?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Where optional parts are enclosed in brackets.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, the following questions have the same meaning &lt;code&gt;Would you like to have a drink?&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Выпьем?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Хотите выпить?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Вы хотите выпить?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Не хотите выпить?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Вы не хотите выпить?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Не хотите ли выпить?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Не хотите ли вы выпить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first form is the most direct. The last one is the most politeness.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;More words - more politeness. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the Russian equivalents are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Would you like do x?&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Не] хотите [ли] x?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [Вы] хотите x?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Should we do x?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Не] должны [ли] мы x?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мы должны X?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Не] следует [ли] нам x?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Нам следует x?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Let's do x&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давайте сделаем х?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Сделаем x?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The translations of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Should we go to work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы должны идти на работу?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Не должны ли мы идти на работу?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;etc&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="1688" LastEditDate="2015-10-08T18:16:39.963" LastActivityDate="2015-10-08T18:16:39.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10885" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10886" CreationDate="2015-10-07T23:22:44.073" Score="1" ViewCount="195" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which one of these two is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) &quot;У меня есть пять комнат.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) &quot;У меня есть пять комнаты&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also noticed that if using номер. I get a slightly different answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сколько у вас номер?&#xA;&quot;У меня есть пять номеров.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does the номер switch over to -OB?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastEditorUserId="6096" LastEditDate="2015-10-07T23:34:21.707" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T09:59:56.080" Title="Сколько у вас комнат?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10885" CreationDate="2015-10-07T23:29:53.233" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules are pretty well known and hard-set:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;any number ending on &quot;&lt;strong&gt;один&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (like &quot;сто тридцать тысяч двести пятьдесят &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;один&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;) requires the noun to be &lt;strong&gt;singular&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;em&gt;nominative case&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;any number ending on &quot;&lt;strong&gt;два&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;три&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; или &quot;&lt;strong&gt;четыре&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; requires the noun to be &lt;em&gt;singular&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;genitive case&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;any other number (including &quot;teens&quot;) requires the noun to be &lt;em&gt;plural&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;genitive case&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to that rule,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня есть пять &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ко́мнат&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Ко́мнат&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; – genitive of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ко́мнаты&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, which is plural of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ко́мната&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня есть пять &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;номеро́в&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Номеро́в&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; – genitive of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;номера́&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, which is plural of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;но́мер&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastEditorUserId="5454" LastEditDate="2015-10-09T09:59:56.080" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T09:59:56.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10887" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10885" CreationDate="2015-10-08T11:37:42.500" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня пять комнат&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; или &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;В моём номере пять комнат&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (если речь идёт о номере в отеле). Глагол &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; в этих конструкциях не нужен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-10-08T11:43:09.800" LastActivityDate="2015-10-08T11:43:09.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10888" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-08T16:23:31.963" Score="0" ViewCount="293" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the text by A. Tolstoy, some dashes are used.  For example, the story ends with &quot;Мышка за кошку,/ Кошка за Жучку,/ ... / Дедка за репку / -– Тянут потянут -– и вытянули репку&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the second dash is used to draw attention to their unexpected success (contrary to their former unsuccessful tries).  But I have no idea what the first dash is used for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope someone could give an explanation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4028" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-09T21:42:41.450" LastActivityDate="2015-11-09T21:42:41.450" Title="The usage of dashes in the Russian fairy tale &quot;Репка&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10888" CreationDate="2015-10-09T06:55:53.980" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think both dashes are just intonational (интонационное тире). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They need to impart a rhythm to the text. When one read the sentence he makes little pauses on commas, and big pauses on dashes. It is a nursery tale and it have its own rhythm. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal describes two cases of an intonational dashe usage (in §81), but an intonational dashe can be located in any place in sentence, where the author feel it is necessary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6108" LastEditorUserId="6108" LastEditDate="2015-10-10T03:30:34.623" LastActivityDate="2015-10-10T03:30:34.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10877" CreationDate="2015-10-09T06:59:19.523" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Question (about status in some specific area):&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Как (у тебя) дела в школе / на работе/ на личном фронте/ с проектом ХХ?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Answer:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Все в порядке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question (general):&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Как (у тебя) дела?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Answers:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;very good:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Хорошо! / Замечательно!/ Отлично! / В шоколаде (&lt;em&gt;colloquial&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;OK&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Хорошо. / Нормально.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;not good:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Хорошо… /  Как сажа бела́ (&lt;em&gt;colloquial&lt;/em&gt;)   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;joke instead of answer:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;—  Как у зебры. / Не дождетесь! / Пока не родила́ &lt;em&gt;(only female, not necessary pregnant)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5454" LastEditorUserId="5454" LastEditDate="2015-10-09T07:07:13.420" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T07:07:13.420" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10891" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10893" CreationDate="2015-10-09T07:39:36.577" Score="0" ViewCount="176" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you please explain what &quot;нет, что ты&quot; could be translated into?&#xA;I have tried the speech machines but they do not pick it up. Is this phase used a lot in the russian language? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T08:16:55.087" Title="Please explain что ты?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10892" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10895" CreationDate="2015-10-09T08:07:04.997" Score="0" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;The wording: &lt;strike&gt;&quot;другой наверну&quot;&lt;/strike&gt; &quot;другой наверху&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have not been able to do some research on this and I was hoping for someone to help me out a little. I need input on the &quot;grammatika&quot;. What type of word &quot;другой&quot; is. Is it adaped to наверну?. Is наверну dativ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastEditorUserId="5269" LastEditDate="2015-10-09T09:59:38.973" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T09:59:38.973" Title="On the second floor?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10891" CreationDate="2015-10-09T08:16:55.087" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here expression &quot;что ты!&quot; is a short version of «что ты такое говоришь/предлагаешь!»&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It means that previously expressed ideas absolutely unacceptable by answerer.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;This expression normally used in speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Слышь, программист, а ты умеешь писать вирусы?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Нет, что ты! &lt;em&gt;(испуганно)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5454" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T08:16:55.087" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10892" CreationDate="2015-10-09T08:27:38.843" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it's spelled exactly &lt;em&gt;наверну&lt;/em&gt;, then it's 1st person singular of &quot;&lt;em&gt;навернуть&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, i.e. &quot;[I] will screw another one&quot;. This seems to be a sort of jargon speech, but note, unlike in English, &quot;screw&quot; in Russian colloquial speech usually means simply &quot;eat&quot;. That is, &quot;I'm gonna eat another one&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But without any context, it's only a guess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T08:27:38.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10895" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10892" CreationDate="2015-10-09T08:38:25.793" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If there are no typos, &lt;strong&gt;наверну&lt;/strong&gt; is a verb (1st person future tense) which can have different meanings (technical - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to screw on&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or slang - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to eat&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to dig in&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;). Другой could mean &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;a different / another one / one more&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the question title makes me think there is a typo, and the phrase is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Другой, наверно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Наверно&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;em&gt;вводное слово&lt;/em&gt; gramatically, meaning &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;probably&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the full sentence is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У него два туалета - один внизу, другой наверху.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Другой&lt;/strong&gt; is an adjective, nominative case. The noun is omitted to avoid repetition, but you could also say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У него два туалета - один туалет находится внизу, другой туалет наверху.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Наверху&lt;/strong&gt; is an adverb, meaning &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;upstairs&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastEditorUserId="4801" LastEditDate="2015-10-09T09:07:43.877" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T09:07:43.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10892" CreationDate="2015-10-09T08:50:07.413" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Другой (adjective) — other, another, different&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Наверну (verb, singular first person, future tense) — to screw.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not sentence, not a phrase, just two separate words. It needs a context to answer correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Этот колпачок не от этого тюбика. — This cap is not of this tube.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Хорошо, я &lt;strong&gt;другой наверну&lt;/strong&gt;. — Okay, I'm screw another one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably a typo, not &lt;code&gt;наверну&lt;/code&gt; but &lt;code&gt;наверное&lt;/code&gt; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T08:50:07.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10897" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10900" CreationDate="2015-10-09T09:51:33.360" Score="0" ViewCount="410" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a few questions. I am struggling with these ones and I need some help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are these locative, dative or genitive pluralis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в нём (dative)?&#xA;в саду (dative)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;много цетов --&gt; genitive pluralis? due to the много?&#xA;много овощей --&gt; genitive pluralis? Is the -ей added in this case because it is feminine?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-10-09T14:42:01.953" LastActivityDate="2018-01-21T08:12:59.287" Title="Russian grammar" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10880" CreationDate="2015-10-09T10:12:24.080" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Шлют and шьют are two different words.&#xA;As it has been noted before, ь in the middle of a word means that the consonant before it and the vowel after it are pronounced separately. &#xA;Compare: шут and шьют &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6110" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T10:12:24.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10897" CreationDate="2015-10-09T12:08:45.947" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since you already know about genitive, locative and dative from the comments, this is to answer your last question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;много овощей&quot; --&gt; genitive plural? Is the -ей added in this case because it is a feminine?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No.  Plural of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;овощ&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; = &quot;&lt;strong&gt;овощи&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.  &lt;em&gt;Regardless of gender&lt;/em&gt;, plurals that end on &quot;-&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; often have in genitive the postfix &quot;-&lt;strong&gt;ей&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.  It is ruled by the declension, not gender.  By the way, the gender of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;овощ&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is &lt;em&gt;masculine&lt;/em&gt;.  Other examles:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Щи&lt;/strong&gt; (cabbage soup, masculine, no singular, 2nd declension) - genitive &lt;strong&gt;щ&lt;em&gt;ей&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Вещи&lt;/strong&gt; (from &quot;&lt;em&gt;вещь&lt;/em&gt;&quot; &quot;thing&quot;, feminine, 3rd declension) - genitive &lt;strong&gt;вещ&lt;em&gt;ей&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Родичи&lt;/strong&gt; (from &quot;&lt;em&gt;родич&lt;/em&gt;&quot; &quot;kin&quot;, masculine, 2nd declension) - genitive &lt;strong&gt;родич&lt;em&gt;ей&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Москвичи&lt;/strong&gt; (from &quot;&lt;em&gt;москвич&lt;/em&gt;&quot; &quot;Muscovite&quot;, masculine, 2nd declension) - genitive &quot;&lt;strong&gt;москвич&lt;em&gt;ей&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and so on.  But&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Тысячи&lt;/strong&gt; (from &quot;&lt;em&gt;тысяча&lt;/em&gt;&quot; &quot;thousand&quot;, feminine, 1st declension) - genitive &lt;strong&gt;тысяч&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Дачи&lt;/strong&gt; (from &quot;&lt;em&gt;дача&lt;/em&gt;&quot; &quot;cottage&quot;, feminine, 1st declension) - genitive &quot;&lt;strong&gt;дач&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Чащи&lt;/strong&gt; (from &quot;&lt;em&gt;чаща&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;jungle, thicket&quot;, feminine, 1st declension) - genitive &quot;&lt;strong&gt;чащ&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that some &lt;em&gt;2nd and 3rd declension nouns&lt;/em&gt; have in &lt;em&gt;genitive plural&lt;/em&gt; the &quot;-&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ей&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, but &lt;em&gt;1st declension ones&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;genitive plural&lt;/em&gt; have &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;no postfix&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastEditorUserId="5915" LastEditDate="2015-10-09T15:05:16.647" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T15:05:16.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10897" CreationDate="2015-10-09T16:53:07.573" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В нём&lt;/strong&gt; - prepositional case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В саду&lt;/strong&gt; - locative case.  Some nouns require a locative case instead of prepositional after &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;, when location is described. Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дети гуляли &lt;strong&gt;в лесу&lt;/strong&gt; - locative &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Поэт написал стихи &lt;strong&gt;о лесе&lt;/strong&gt; -&#xA;prepositional&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locative_case#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locative_case#Russian&lt;/a&gt; for more information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Много цветов&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;много овощей&lt;/strong&gt; - genitive pluralis.  When the quantity is given, no matter exact or inexact (одиннадцать, пять много, несколько etc.), nominative pluralis and accusative pluralis are replaced by genitive pluralis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Зачем ты купил &lt;strong&gt;овощи&lt;/strong&gt;? (accusative p.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Зачем ты купил так &lt;strong&gt;много овощей&lt;/strong&gt;? (genitive p.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that other cases are not replaced:&#xA; - На столе лежит мешок с &lt;strong&gt;овощами&lt;/strong&gt; (instrumental p.)&#xA; - На столе лежит мешок с &lt;strong&gt;несколькими овощами&lt;/strong&gt; (also instrumental p.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exeption is when the quantity ends by один (одна, одно), два (две), три, or четыре.  Then the rules are more complicated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the quantity ends by один (одна, одно), the noun keeps it case but becomes singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the quantity ends by  два (две), три, or четыре, n.p. and a.p. are replaced by genitive &lt;strong&gt;singularis&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Билл Гейтс купил четыре реактивных самолёта. (genitive singularis)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if the noun is animate, and the original case is accusative rather than nominative, the number is plural!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вася Пупкин купил четырёх помойных котов (genitive pluralis or accusative pluralis - they are the same in this case)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, if the quantity ends by один (одно, одна), the case is not changed, but the number becomes singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Салман ибн Абдул-Азиз купил двадцать одну межконтинентальную баллистическую ракету (accusative singularis)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-10-09T16:53:07.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10902" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10903" CreationDate="2015-10-10T03:40:51.013" Score="3" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Самодельные суши? Ебаторно очень... проще заказать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this word order express anything different than &lt;strong&gt;очень ебаторно&lt;/strong&gt;? Is it perhaps more &quot;too&quot; than &quot;very&quot; in this order?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T00:39:45.970" Title="прилагательное + ОЧЕНЬ" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10902" CreationDate="2015-10-10T08:46:27.663" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The two phrases (with &lt;em&gt;очень&lt;/em&gt; before and after the &lt;em&gt;ебаторно&lt;/em&gt;) mean pretty much the same thing.  There may be a slight difference based on the emphasis in the spoken voice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are right to say that it's perhaps more &quot;too&quot; then &quot;very&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally there may be a very slight difference in the emphasis, based on whether &lt;em&gt;очень&lt;/em&gt; is used before or after.  When it's used after the adverb, the emphasis is on the adverb and &lt;em&gt;очень&lt;/em&gt; is closer in meaning to &quot;too&quot;.  If it's used before the adverb, then the actual tone of voice would determine the emphasis.  If it is on &lt;em&gt;очень&lt;/em&gt;, than it's closer to &quot;very&quot;, if it's on the adverb, then it's closer to &quot;too&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2015-10-10T08:46:27.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10902" CreationDate="2015-10-10T08:53:09.777" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word order puts focus on &lt;strong&gt;Ебаторно&lt;/strong&gt; (means &quot;I think this is hard. Let's do do it simpler&quot;). Actually &lt;strong&gt;очень&lt;/strong&gt; here does not mean anything. It just make the speech smoother. Otherwise the speaker should make a long pause before &lt;strong&gt;проще заказать&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;очень ебаторно&lt;/strong&gt; puts focus on &lt;strong&gt;очень&lt;/strong&gt;. It may mean &quot;I have such an experience and never do it again&quot;). However to keep the style of the conversation &lt;strong&gt;очень&lt;/strong&gt; should be replaced with some offensive synonymy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW is very offensive. However it's ok to say this to your friend if your friend uses to say &quot;fuck&quot; all the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6114" LastActivityDate="2015-10-10T08:53:09.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10902" CreationDate="2015-10-10T09:33:01.443" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, the reverse word order here adds &lt;strong&gt;neither extra meaning nor emphasis&lt;/strong&gt;, but in some context it may be used for better rhythmic organization of speech (as in poetry, not using such an adverb, of course). Such word order (&lt;em&gt;очень&lt;/em&gt; after an adjective or an adverb) is mainly possible in a simple phrase defining something and it's likely to become unnatural or even ungrammatical in a complicated sentence where those 2 words would be of less importance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-10-10T09:40:44.693" LastActivityDate="2015-10-10T09:40:44.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10906" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10909" CreationDate="2015-10-10T09:36:01.550" Score="3" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to learn the grammar and adjectives. I am not sure that I got it all right so please correct me if I am wrong. I think that there is a distinction between if the noun &quot;has a heart beat&quot; or not. If it is a thing then nominativ and ackusative cases are the same like in this example. What happens in ackusative case if the noun is of a kind (what do you call it in English/russian?) that forces acusative to change?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adjective: чёрный&#xA;Noun: дом (Masculine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normal Adjectives - Hard (“-ый”, “-ой”, “-ий” (but not “-ний”))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nominative Case: чёрный дом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Accusative Case: чёрный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Genitive Case: чёрного&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dative Case: чёрному&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instrumental Case: чёрным&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prepositional Case: чёрном&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/adjectives.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/adjectives.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9#Adjective&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9#Adjective&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastActivityDate="2015-10-10T11:31:27.960" Title="How to adapt &quot;normal&quot; adjective?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10907" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10908" CreationDate="2015-10-10T11:02:54.497" Score="4" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am very new in Russian language. I would like to know the meaning of the following sentence: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот 89603408610 билайн наличные мне кинь на баланс. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6116" LastActivityDate="2015-10-10T20:28:50.167" Title="Вот 89603408610 билайн наличные мне кинь на баланс - What is the meaning?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10907" CreationDate="2015-10-10T11:12:49.973" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can only interpret it as an order or command (due to absence of any terms of politeness) to add funds to a particular phone (identified by the number) on a particular cellular carrier (&quot;билайн&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literally translated it would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Here it is: NNNNN on &quot;&lt;em&gt;билайн&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, drop some cash for me on that account.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The punctuation is probably omitted for brevity (&quot;&lt;em&gt;txtspk&lt;/em&gt;&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastEditorUserId="5915" LastEditDate="2015-10-10T20:28:50.167" LastActivityDate="2015-10-10T20:28:50.167" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10906" CreationDate="2015-10-10T11:31:27.960" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The accusative case forms differ for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;animate&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; versus &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;inanimate&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; objects.  &lt;em&gt;In the 2nd declension&lt;/em&gt; the accusative or an &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;animate&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; noun coincides with the &lt;em&gt;genitive case&lt;/em&gt;, and the accusative for an &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;inanimate&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; object coincides with the &lt;em&gt;nominative&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nominative: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Человек&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; .  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дом&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Genitive: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Человека&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; .  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дома&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Accusative: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Человека&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; . &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дом&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The adjectives change their form to match the noun they define.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find more &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_declension&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, for instance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-10T11:31:27.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10907" CreationDate="2015-10-10T18:15:46.003" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is improper, broken Russian, probably because it is an SMS text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Билайн is a Russian mobile phone company.&#xA;89603408610 is probably a phone number.&#xA;One asks or requests to add money to his phone account.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-10-10T18:15:46.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10806" CreationDate="2015-10-10T19:38:11.263" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Russian_indeclinable_nouns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian words that are indeclinable&lt;/a&gt;.  So it's simply: &lt;em&gt;Я былa в Мальмё.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For foreign city names specifically, you can take some of the wisdom on&#xA; &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/7223/non-russian-names-to-decline-or-not-to-decline&quot;&gt;this question on the declension of foreign person names&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are fairly exact rules on the intonation and final ending combinations that make a word indeclinable, and some exceptions, and some disagreement in some edge cases if we actually look at the data descriptively.  (They tend to be foreign words, abbreviations etc.)  But for a language learner I think it does not make sense to focus more than minimal effort on learning the rules explicitly - just see the examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5897" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-10-12T05:52:13.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10912" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10914" CreationDate="2015-10-10T20:03:03.307" Score="7" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;в нашей компании работает 25 сотрудников &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have come accross this sentence and I have two question about this sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;first, I think the subject of the sentence is: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;25 сотрудников &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;since, it is plural 3rd person, the verb sould be &lt;code&gt;рабо́тают&lt;/code&gt; instead of  &lt;code&gt;работает&lt;/code&gt;. Isn't it right ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;second, If we change the order of the word in this sentence, would the form of the verb change or not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for instance: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;25 сотрудников рабо́тают в нашей компании &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5619" LastEditorUserId="5619" LastEditDate="2015-10-10T20:49:45.413" LastActivityDate="2015-10-11T06:36:40.150" Title="which form of the verb should be used in this particular case: 'работает' or 'рабо́тают'" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="83" CreationDate="2015-10-10T20:12:58.213" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer the question exactly: the only country outside of the former Soviet Union where you can simply ask almost anybody a question in Russian is Bulgaria.  (The answer, however, will probably not be in perfect Russian.)  In Serbia, Montenegro, Republika Srpska and Macedonia there is also some hope.  (This is because the language and alphabet are similar, and politically the connotations are not too negative.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all the other cases outside of the former Soviet Union, we cannot speak of general knowledge across the country, and certainly it will be less than in those cases.  In terms of similarity of language, the other Slavic countries can compete, but there, as in Hungary or Romania, there is also non-nil risk of a negative reaction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5897" LastActivityDate="2015-10-10T20:12:58.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10912" CreationDate="2015-10-10T20:57:03.193" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В нашей компании работа&lt;strong&gt;ет&lt;/strong&gt; 25 сотрудников.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В нашей компании работа&lt;strong&gt;ют&lt;/strong&gt; 25 сотрудников.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;are acceptable.  In the former case the verb takes the 3rd person singular because you're talking of the &lt;strong&gt;entire working force&lt;/strong&gt; as of &lt;em&gt;a single entity&lt;/em&gt;.  The subject of the sentence then is thus perceived as singular and the verb agrees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar expression: &quot;На по́лке сто&lt;strong&gt;яло&lt;/strong&gt; пять кружек&quot;.  More examples can be found on the Web, I am sure.&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;No, it's not necessarily dependent on the word order.  You can say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Двадцать человек сто&lt;strong&gt;яло&lt;/strong&gt; в стороне. (example from &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramma.ru/RUS/?id=5.2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-10T20:57:03.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10912" CreationDate="2015-10-10T21:02:15.687" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a singular vs plural predicative question, and it's a bit tricky.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/22-spravka/letters/64-bolshinstvo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На постановку сказуемого в форму единственного числа влияет стремление автора текста обратить внимание читателей на &lt;em&gt;пассивность&lt;/em&gt; подлежащего, &lt;em&gt;совместность&lt;/em&gt; действия действующих лиц, а также на &lt;em&gt;количество&lt;/em&gt;, названное в подлежащем. Пассивность подлежащего может подчеркиваться употреблением в качестве сказуемых глаголов со значением бытия, наличия: быть, существовать, иметься и др.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, you &lt;em&gt;may&lt;/em&gt; use singular to emphasize that you think of all these people as a whole. So here we have:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;25 сотрудников &lt;em&gt;работают&lt;/em&gt; в нашей компании --&gt; 25 persons &lt;em&gt;work&lt;/em&gt; in our company&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В нашей компании &lt;em&gt;работает&lt;/em&gt; 25 сотрудников --&gt; &lt;em&gt;A total of&lt;/em&gt; 25 persons &lt;em&gt;work&lt;/em&gt; in our company&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that English verb is still plural in the 2nd example, but Russian verb is singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the matter of &quot;quasi-passive&quot; singular predicative, it's a sort of equivalent to English &quot;There are&quot;. Consider this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В комнате &lt;em&gt;были&lt;/em&gt; три человека --&gt; Three persons &lt;em&gt;were&lt;/em&gt; in the room&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В комнате &lt;em&gt;было&lt;/em&gt; три человека --&gt; &lt;em&gt;There were&lt;/em&gt; three persons in the room&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You also may use the verbs different from &quot;to be&quot;, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На полу &lt;em&gt;лежало&lt;/em&gt; три человека --&gt; &lt;em&gt;There were&lt;/em&gt; three persons &lt;em&gt;lying&lt;/em&gt; on the floor&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it's a bit less advisable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-10-11T06:36:40.150" LastActivityDate="2015-10-11T06:36:40.150" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10916" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10912" CreationDate="2015-10-10T23:08:39.420" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both versions are possible, but the optimal word choice may depend on context (accent on personal details or on abstract quantity). &lt;em&gt;Plural/singular&lt;/em&gt; verb versions focus on &lt;em&gt;noun/numeral&lt;/em&gt; here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;('there &lt;strong&gt;are&lt;/strong&gt; 25 employees, namely:')&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В нашей компании работают 25 сотрудников: (1) Иван Петров... (25) Елена Сазонова. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(employee count &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; 25; the alternate word order is also possible in this version)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В нашей компании работает 25 сотрудников - это больше, чем в компании нашего партнёра. &#xA;&#xA;25 сотрудников работает в нашей компании, ещё 20 - в компании нашего партнёра.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-10-10T23:08:39.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10917" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-11T07:30:08.013" Score="1" ViewCount="225" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my view, these three words seem to be the most common words to express the verb 'to force' or 'impel.' But I don't feel like I have the best grasp on how they are differentiated from one another and when to appropriately use them. Could their individual distinctions be explained?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-10-11T14:18:47.593" Title="Мeaning between 'принудить,' 'вынудить,' 'заставлять'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10917" CreationDate="2015-10-11T08:21:36.413" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most neutral and least agressive is &lt;code&gt;заставлять&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мама заставляет сына заниматься в музыкальной школе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как ты заставляешь себя столько тренироваться?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;принудить&lt;/code&gt; has a bit official tone, it's used in documents, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Противника принудили сесть за стол переговоров.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;code&gt;вынудить&lt;/code&gt; has less formal meaning, with a tone of extortion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они вынудили его подписать сделку поглощения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он вынудил подростка пойти на место преступления.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user1514" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-10-11T09:06:30.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10917" CreationDate="2015-10-11T08:38:38.497" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;1.&lt;strong&gt;Принудить&lt;/strong&gt; (к чему-либо, реже: сделать что-то) - the source of this action is always human, and they definitely do so with intention. It is often about making somebody to do what they are supposed do. This verb is typically used together with a noun in dative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;принудить к даче показаний, к отдаче долга, к мирным переговорам&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.&lt;strong&gt;Вынудить&lt;/strong&gt; (сделать что-то) - the source of action &quot;вынудить&quot; is not necessarily human, and if human then not necessarily they expect a particular result, which is expressed using another verb (infinitive). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Понизив подчинённого в должности, он вынудил его искать другую работу. &#xA;&#xA;Обстоятельства вынудили его уехать.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.&lt;strong&gt;Заставить&lt;/strong&gt; (сделать что-то) - when the source of action here is human, the action &quot;заставить&quot; is intentional and aimed at a particular result,  which is expressed using another verb (infinitive). If not human, then the meaning is that some circumstances made somebody to do something particular (more likely without any choice between multiple evils, than in case of вынудить, but the meaning is almost the same):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он заставил матроса взять ветошь и вымыть гальюн.&#xA;&#xA;Обстоятельства заставили его поступить именно так.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-10-11T08:38:38.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10920" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10928" CreationDate="2015-10-11T13:05:57.727" Score="2" ViewCount="276" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this passage, in response to a story about candies that contained Radium, does ведь have the force of &quot;you see, I tried...&quot; or does it justify the previous statement (exclamation) like a sort of &quot;I say this because I tried...&quot; or does it imply something else entirely that I'm missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Уххх, ну и история :) Я &lt;strong&gt;ведь&lt;/strong&gt; пробовал такие в детстве. Они здесь&#xA;  считались большой редкостью в 90-ых годах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-10-12T08:19:57.220" LastActivityDate="2015-10-12T08:19:57.220" Title="Interpretation of the particle &quot;ведь&quot;" Tags="&lt;particles&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10920" CreationDate="2015-10-11T13:38:24.587" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/754910&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is this word in the dictionary.&#xA;This case is described in &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;В разг. речи придает эмоциональную окраску высказыванию.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;­- In colloquial speech adds an emotional expressiveness.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(It does not add any information.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5454" LastActivityDate="2015-10-11T13:38:24.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10917" CreationDate="2015-10-11T14:18:47.593" Score="0" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;Legend:&#xA;==========================&#xA;unLgc  = unlogical&#xA;wSnds  = weird sounds&#xA;sImp   = some imperfections&#xA;taut   = tautology&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;                    Examles                           | Differences&#xA;------------------------------------------------------+------------------------&#xA;Его никто не заставлял, он вынужден был сделать это.    Ok&#xA;Его никто не заставлял, он принужден был сделать это.      unLgc &#xA;Его никто не заставлял, он заставлен был сделать это.      wSnds &amp; unLgc&#xA;&#xA;Его никто не принуждал, его принудили сделать это.         unLgc&#xA;Его никто не принуждал, его вынудили сделать это.          unLgc&#xA;Его никто не принуждал, его заставили сделать это.         unLgc&#xA;Его никто не принуждал, его вынудили &#xA;                        сделать это обстоятельства.     Ok&#xA;&#xA;Его никто не вынуждал, его ...                            all unLgc&#xA;&#xA;Его принудили, и он вынужден был сделать это.              sImp, taut&#xA;Его принудили, и он принужден был сделать это.             utter taut&#xA;Его принудили, и он заставлен был сделать это.             (1), or a bit taut&#xA;&#xA;Его вынудили, и он вынужден был сделать это.               sImp,a bit taut&#xA;Его вынудили, и он заставлен был сделать это.              wSnds&#xA;Его вынудили, и он принужден был сделать это.              sImp, (1) &#xA;Его вынудили обстоятельства, и он принужден&#xA;                               был сделать это.         Ok, (1)&#xA;&#xA;Его заставили, и он принужден был сделать это.             sImp, (1) &#xA;Его заставили, и он вынужден был сделать это.           Ok&#xA;Его заставили, и он заставлен был сделать это.             wSnds&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;----------&#xA;(1) здесь мы подразумеваем два действия над объектом.&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-10-11T14:18:47.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10924" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10925" CreationDate="2015-10-11T19:25:08.487" Score="2" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;In song &quot;Где я!&quot; lyrics is word &lt;strong&gt;загон&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;закон&lt;/strong&gt;. Why this word have two different form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мне не звони на телефон, не за неуплату он отключен.&#xA;Ты знаешь, в жизни бывает и не такой загон.&#xA;Закон джунглей моих: лишь дело, меньше слов.&#xA;Знаешь, я даже не парюсь, совет вам да любовь.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6106" LastActivityDate="2015-10-11T19:37:21.157" Title="What is correct: загон or Закон" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10924" CreationDate="2015-10-11T19:37:21.157" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are two different words. The word загон is from teenage slang, it comes from verb &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slovonovo.ru/term/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;загоняться&lt;/a&gt;, to think a lot about something not deserving that, to have the mind occupied by an unimportant problrem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time закон means law.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-10-11T19:37:21.157" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10920" CreationDate="2015-10-11T21:32:29.890" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Большой толковой словарь (Кузнецов) says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1. *частица.* для усиления основного содержания всего высказывания&#xA;(предположения, утверждения, вопроса и т.п.) или выделения, подчёркивания отдельного слова.&#xA;&#xA;2.*союз.*&#xA; 1) Присоединяет предложения, содержащие указание на причину, обоснование &#xA;предыдущего высказывания. &#xA;&quot;Полагаемся на тебя, ты ведь один знаешь дорогу.&quot;&#xA;&quot;Пора домой, ведь уже поздно.&quot;&#xA;&#xA;2) Несмотря на то, что; хотя. &#xA;&quot;Ведь и сил нет, а работаешь.&quot; &#xA;&quot;Ведь говорил вам, да не послушались.&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And Большой современный толковый словарь русского языка (Ефремова) says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I 1. Употребляется при присоединении предложения, в котором указывается причина или &#xA;обоснование предыдущего высказывания. 2. Употребляется при выражении уступительности, &#xA;соответствуя по значению сл.: хотя, несмотря на то что. 3. Употребляется при выражении &#xA;предположительного или возможного условия. II Употребляется при подчеркивании чего-либо &#xA;сказанного или при противопоставлении сказанного чему-либо другому.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's usually translated as &quot;after all&quot; or often just omitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6120" LastActivityDate="2015-10-11T21:32:29.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10920" CreationDate="2015-10-12T08:03:22.147" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the most precise translation for this case is &quot;actually&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I've actually tried those in my childhood.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-10-12T08:03:22.147" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10929" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10930" CreationDate="2015-10-13T01:09:21.323" Score="3" ViewCount="763" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a Russian saying that is similar to the English phrase 'rise and shine' when you want to wake someone up? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-10-13T11:48:15.387" Title="Russian equivalent for 'Rise and shine?'" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;фраза&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10929" CreationDate="2015-10-13T02:26:11.630" Score="15" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вставайте, граф, вас ждут великие дела!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Проснись и пой.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-10-13T02:26:11.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10929" CreationDate="2015-10-13T06:43:34.477" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we talk about &quot;boys&quot;, then I can only think of &quot;military-style&quot;: &lt;em&gt;Рота, подъём!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-13T06:43:34.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10777" CreationDate="2015-10-13T10:33:58.313" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hard to believe, but this modern word is used with archaic &lt;em&gt;местный&lt;/em&gt; (locative) case. It is supposed to not exist nowadays but it actually does. Another example, could be &lt;em&gt;в лесу&lt;/em&gt;. Locative case mostly assimilates (uses same inflection) with prepositional, but for some words - with dative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4929" LastActivityDate="2015-10-13T10:33:58.313" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10929" CreationDate="2015-10-13T11:48:15.387" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also, If you want to parody someone, who can't wake up fast, you can say: &quot;Поднимите мне веки!&quot; (It is citation from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viy_(story)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Viy&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2015-10-13T11:48:15.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10799" CreationDate="2015-10-13T14:28:50.700" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is &quot;Тель-Авив, Израиль&quot;. As it was mentioned in comments, you can use Wikipedia for translation of so popular words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6131" LastActivityDate="2015-10-13T14:28:50.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10777" CreationDate="2015-10-13T14:39:38.250" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several dozen nouns, 2nd-declension masculine and overwhelmingly monosyllabic (&lt;strong&gt;аэропорт&lt;/strong&gt; is on this list because it mimics the declension of &lt;strong&gt;порт&lt;/strong&gt;), that have two propositional forms; a regular &lt;strong&gt;-е&lt;/strong&gt; prepositional used with &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;при&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;figurative&lt;/em&gt; instances of &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Что особенного &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; этом аэропорт&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;? Вполне обыкновенный на вид&lt;/em&gt;), and an &lt;strong&gt;-у&lt;/strong&gt; (or &lt;strong&gt;-ю&lt;/strong&gt;) prepositional used with &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; when they &lt;em&gt;literally&lt;/em&gt; refer to location, as in your example. On a side note, the &lt;strong&gt;-у&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;-ю&lt;/strong&gt; ending is always stressed, making it inherently different from dative in many cases. Dative, in fact, has nothing to do with this whatsoever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is all you need to know in order to use these forms correctly (apart from the actual word list; that link in the first comment is comprehensive enough, though one always forgets a few when one tries to list them).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And now I'll ramble on a little more about the theoretical stuff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You might hear the expression &quot;locative case&quot; thrown around, and there's some potential confusion there. What's known in Russian as the &quot;prepositional case&quot; is, historically, the locative case, and it goes by that name in several other Slavic languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, however, we have a non-standard case ending that refers to location, hence it gets called the &quot;locative case&quot;. But like I said, there was a time when &quot;prepositional&quot; &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; locative, and then Russian has a limited-use &quot;locative&quot; case &lt;em&gt;on top of&lt;/em&gt; its locative-renamed-prepositional. The tricky thing here is that while &lt;em&gt;forms&lt;/em&gt; like &lt;strong&gt;в аэропорту&lt;/strong&gt; are archaic, the &lt;em&gt;distinction&lt;/em&gt; between &lt;strong&gt;в аэропорту&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;в аэропорте&lt;/strong&gt; is innovative. In Proto-Slavic, these nouns would either always have an &lt;em&gt;-u&lt;/em&gt; locative or always have a &lt;em&gt;-ě&lt;/em&gt; locative (or always have something else entirely), depending on their paradigm, which was much more complicated than the Russian declension we have now. In Russian, the &lt;em&gt;-ě&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;-е&lt;/strong&gt;) ending supplanted all others, but a few leftover &lt;em&gt;-u&lt;/em&gt; forms remained, and eventually were grammaticalised in a new role as &quot;the &lt;em&gt;locative&lt;/em&gt; locative&quot;, as opposed to the &quot;general&quot; locative now called prepositional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-10-13T14:56:47.530" LastActivityDate="2015-10-13T14:56:47.530" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10722" CreationDate="2015-10-13T15:25:05.780" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also another meaning (slang one). &quot;Попустись&quot; is used when someone is high and has some weird ideas, and you want him to get sober before talking about the matter. Other use will be when someone gets paranoid because of being high, and you want to say that his paranoid thoughts are brought by drugs and probably have nothing to do with reality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &quot;попустись&quot; can be used to say that some ideas are totally crazy, or over-complicated and relying on some crooked logic (without implying that opponent is high).&#xA;Closest translation I can think of is &quot;get sober&quot;, but I guess there are more suitable constructions in slang, which I'm not aware of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2015-10-13T15:25:05.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10937" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-13T15:39:34.793" Score="2" ViewCount="2086" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the most common Word when referring to a bed?&#xA;I.e., У меня есть две кровати? or is there a better word for the noun &quot;bed&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6132" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T05:37:33.943" Title="What is most common word for the noun &quot;bed&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10938" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10940" CreationDate="2015-10-13T17:18:37.000" Score="5" ViewCount="424" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could you please describe situation, when one word should be used instead of other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="277" LastEditorUserId="277" LastEditDate="2015-10-13T17:25:43.160" LastActivityDate="2015-10-14T22:03:27.160" Title="What is the difference between &quot;закат&quot; and &quot;заход&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10938" CreationDate="2015-10-13T17:26:51.393" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;В переносном смысле используется &quot;закат&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На &lt;strong&gt;закате&lt;/strong&gt; своей карьеры он...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.  В прямом (когда речь идёт о солнце) они равноупотребимы.&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;When speaking figuratively, use &quot;&lt;strong&gt;закат&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.  When speaking of the astronomical event, they are interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there is another meaning of &quot;&lt;em&gt;заход&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, having to do with navigation (&quot;круиз по Карибскому морю с &lt;strong&gt;заходом&lt;/strong&gt; на Кубу&quot;), there you'd not use '&lt;em&gt;закат&lt;/em&gt;', of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-13T17:26:51.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10938" CreationDate="2015-10-13T19:14:35.487" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Заход солнца&lt;/em&gt; only means the descent of the sun below the horizon (or the time of it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &lt;em&gt;Закат&lt;/em&gt; has all the meanings which the word &lt;em&gt;Sunset&lt;/em&gt; has:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the descent of the sun&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;what the sky looks like, when the sun goes down&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the final stage (figurative)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the west (metaphor)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So when talking about astronomy, we usually say &lt;em&gt;заход солнца&lt;/em&gt; (though &lt;em&gt;закат солнца&lt;/em&gt; is OK too) but in all other cases it's simply &lt;em&gt;закат&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also worth noting that both &lt;em&gt;закат&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;заход&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;запад&lt;/em&gt; (the west) are made by the same pattern: &lt;em&gt;roll beyond&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;go beyond&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;fall beyond&lt;/em&gt; respectively. But based on its meaning only &lt;em&gt;закат&lt;/em&gt; appears to be a highly poetic word. A couple of examples from the well-known songs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Звезда надежды благодатная,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Звезда любви волшебных дней.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ты будешь вечно &lt;em&gt;незакатная&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В душе тоскующей моей.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;sub&gt;from the romance &quot;Shine, shine, my star&quot;, words by V. Tchuevsky&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Лишь по небу тихо&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Сползла погодя&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  На бархат &lt;em&gt;заката&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Слезинка дождя...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;sub&gt;from &quot;Grenada&quot; by M. Svetlov&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мимо белого яблока луны,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мимо красного яблока &lt;em&gt;заката&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Облака из неведомой страны,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  К нам спешат и опять бегут куда-то.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;sub&gt;from children's song &quot;Beside moon's white apple...&quot;, words by S. Kozlov&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-10-14T14:04:42.563" LastActivityDate="2015-10-14T14:04:42.563" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10937" CreationDate="2015-10-13T19:29:08.343" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two different words in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кровать&lt;/em&gt; is the piece of furniture&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Постель&lt;/em&gt; is any place with the bedclothes lying on it (or even just the full set of bedclothes)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are sometimes interchangeable though. &quot;Я лежу в кровати&quot; and &quot;Я лежу в постели&quot; mean the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also old words such as &lt;em&gt;ложе&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;одр&lt;/em&gt; but you normally see them only in the books.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ложе&lt;/em&gt; (cf. &quot;&lt;em&gt;лежать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; = to lie; &quot;&lt;em&gt;положить&lt;/em&gt;&quot; = to lay) is an outdated poetic word for &lt;em&gt;bed&lt;/em&gt;; in common speech it's still in use meaning &lt;em&gt;stream bed&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;gun stock&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Одр&lt;/em&gt; is only usable as a part of the expression: &lt;em&gt;на смертном одре&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;on deathbed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-10-22T08:10:08.680" LastActivityDate="2015-10-22T08:10:08.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10942" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10943" CreationDate="2015-10-13T19:46:27.077" Score="3" ViewCount="313" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literally it means maybe &quot;just what they need&quot;. But it is supposed to bear an ironic meaning, I guess. Right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-10-13T20:17:02.860" LastActivityDate="2015-10-13T20:46:26.980" Title="What does так им и надо mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10942" CreationDate="2015-10-13T20:16:39.480" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;they deserve it&quot; (of a bad thing), &quot;they had it coming&quot;, &quot;it serves them right&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This passage from &quot;The Brothers Karamazov&quot; by Dostoyevsky:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Сумасшедший, ведь ты убил его! — крикнул Иван. — Так ему и надо! — задыхаясь, воскликнул Дмитрий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in English translation reads:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;‘Madman! You’ve killed him!’ cried Ivan. ‘Serve him right!’ shouted Dmitri breathlessly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-10-13T20:46:26.980" LastActivityDate="2015-10-13T20:46:26.980" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10937" CreationDate="2015-10-13T22:22:54.687" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say &quot;кровать&quot; is the most popular one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6133" LastActivityDate="2015-10-13T22:22:54.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10945" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10946" CreationDate="2015-10-14T00:29:51.870" Score="-2" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can someone, Пожалуйста, help me by checking if I have understood the thing with hard adjective and the various forms?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nom. case: старый журнал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ack. case: старый журнал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gen. case: стар-ого журнал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dat. case: стар-ому журнал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instr. case: стар-ым журнал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prepositional Case: стар-ом журнал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastEditorUserId="6096" LastEditDate="2015-10-14T00:52:42.647" LastActivityDate="2015-10-14T04:30:57.197" Title="Hard adjective and conjunction" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10945" CreationDate="2015-10-14T04:30:57.197" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have to change noun ending too:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;N: старый журнал&#xA;A: старый журнал&#xA;G: старого журнала&#xA;D: старому журналу&#xA;I: старым журналом&#xA;P: старом журнале&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The nominative and accusative forms are identical (in this case, not always) by appearance, but they are different by meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6108" LastActivityDate="2015-10-14T04:30:57.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10947" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10948" CreationDate="2015-10-14T06:25:22.720" Score="2" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have compiled an example. With it be correct to assume that a noun with 0-ending would end up with the following syntax?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;N: старый ламп&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A: старый ламп&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;G: старого ламп&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;D: старому ламп&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I: старым ламп&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P: старом ламп&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6096" LastActivityDate="2015-10-14T06:34:41.970" Title="What happens to the noun ламп with used with an adjective?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10947" CreationDate="2015-10-14T06:34:41.970" Score="2" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Лампа&lt;/strong&gt; is a feminine noun with a very much non-zero ending.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It's more conventional, in Russian, to list accusative between dative and instrumental.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;An actual zero-ending noun (like &lt;strong&gt;журнал&lt;/strong&gt;, which you used in your previous question) would be declined on its own quite independently of the adjective: &lt;em&gt;старый журнал, старого журнала, старому журналу&lt;/em&gt;, etc. The adjective, on the other hand, inherits the noun's animacy category, and adjusts its accusative form accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-10-14T06:34:41.970" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10949" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-14T14:21:42.900" Score="2" ViewCount="2057" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need your help with this. I know how to conjugate the adjectives but I am in desperate need for some kind of reference where I can see how and read about how the noun is adapated with an appropriate ending in combination with the adjective (in G., D., I. and L. classes). Right now I have pieces of fragments and it makes me somewhat frustrated. I would highly appreciate any references.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6137" LastEditorUserId="4267" LastEditDate="2015-10-15T08:26:20.840" LastActivityDate="2017-09-17T04:17:02.063" Title="Noun+adjective references" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;согласование&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10938" CreationDate="2015-10-14T16:47:10.537" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Word for word meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Закат ~ Rolldown / Rollback - property of rolling - заКАТ - катиться&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Заход ~ Turndown / Turnback - property of common case turing - заХОД - ходить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Semantic meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Закат - is more lyric&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Заход - is more pragmatic&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6140" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2015-10-14T22:03:27.160" LastActivityDate="2015-10-14T22:03:27.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10722" CreationDate="2015-10-14T17:00:04.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;Semantic sense of &quot;Попустить&quot; in russian:&#xA;It's derivative / rural synonym from word &quot;Отпустить&quot;&#xA;prefix &quot;по&quot; in word &quot;ПО_пустить&quot; gives &#xA;some symantic tinge to stepped and immediate action to end of release.&#xA;&#xA;For example:&#xA;Наконец-то начало попускать. ( По-степенно отпускать. )&#xA;Наконец-то попустило. ( Произошло окончательное действие - отпустило)&#xA;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6140" LastEditorUserId="6140" LastEditDate="2017-01-03T17:07:35.467" LastActivityDate="2017-01-03T17:07:35.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10952" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-14T22:59:39.713" Score="2" ViewCount="1272" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm having trouble understanding when to use the first or second verb conjugation. Could someone throw up some examples?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6139" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-10-15T11:53:51.817" LastActivityDate="2015-10-15T11:53:51.817" Title="Difference between first and second verb conjugations" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10952" CreationDate="2015-10-15T00:23:03.720" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no difference in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;use&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.  They are &lt;em&gt;just verbs&lt;/em&gt; with their meanings.  Each belongs to either the first or the second conjugation, just like nouns belong to the first, second or third declension (or have gender, or animacy) - &lt;strong&gt;an intrinsic trait of each verb&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conjugation governs the &lt;em&gt;postfixes&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;endings&lt;/em&gt;) of the personal forms of verbs.  All &lt;em&gt;first conjugation&lt;/em&gt; verbs have &quot;&lt;strong&gt;-ет&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;-ёт&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; ending in 3rd person singular present tense.  All &lt;em&gt;second conjugation&lt;/em&gt; verbs have &quot;&lt;strong&gt;-ит&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; ending in 3rd person singular present tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are exceptions, but your favourite book should tell you about those.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples can be found on &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_grammar#Verbs&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-15T00:23:03.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10954" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10956" CreationDate="2015-10-15T01:28:52.967" Score="2" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe this is will be difficult because of how applicable and general slang words like 'nonsense' can be, but how do the words which are roughly translated as 'nonsense' differ from one another? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most notable ones in my view appear to be: чепуха, ерунда, чушь, вздор, мура, ахинея. Certainly feel free to mention any which I might have missed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-10-15T06:57:16.140" Title="Differences in meaning between synonyms for 'nonsense'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10954" CreationDate="2015-10-15T03:48:09.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would favor бред  or фигня in most cases though certainly not in more formal settings, where I'd go with ерунда.  These others I learned once but rarely hear.  Consider usage according to Google &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/trends/explore#q=%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%2C%20%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%8F%2C%20%D0%95%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%2C%20%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%2C%20%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0&amp;amp;cmpt=q&amp;amp;tz=Etc%2FGMT%2B4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;trends&lt;/a&gt;.  Note that searches for Brad Pitt are mixed in there so could be biased.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6141" LastActivityDate="2015-10-15T03:48:09.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10954" CreationDate="2015-10-15T06:42:41.783" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чепуха&lt;/strong&gt; is plain nonsense&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ерунда&lt;/strong&gt; has a hint of unimportance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чушь&lt;/strong&gt; has a hint of upset or disagreement&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вздор&lt;/strong&gt; is bookish&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;мура&lt;/strong&gt; is slang&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ахинея&lt;/strong&gt; is mental&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;бред&lt;/strong&gt; is delirious&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;нелепость&lt;/strong&gt; is out of place&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;абсурд&lt;/strong&gt; is absurd&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;бессмыслица&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't make sense&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;белиберда&lt;/strong&gt; is colloquial&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;галиматья&lt;/strong&gt; is close to crazy (?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And a few modern slang ones, in order of obscenity:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;хрень&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;херня&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;хуйня&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2015-10-15T06:57:16.140" LastActivityDate="2015-10-15T06:57:16.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10957" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-15T07:09:27.470" Score="5" ViewCount="166" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that technically, the prepositional (предложный) case is only used for objects of four prepositions: в (in), на (on), при (in presence of / at time of), and по (upon). However, can the prepositions be elided, for example, in dialog?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- О ком вы говорили?&#xA;- Маше.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To my non-native ear this sounds strange, but I wonder what native speakers would say. Can you provide good, natural-sounding examples where the prepositional case is used without a preposition?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4267" LastActivityDate="2015-10-16T07:18:46.000" Title="Are prepositional-case prepositions obligatory? (Is it possible to have the prepositional case without a preposition?)" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10949" CreationDate="2015-10-15T07:19:52.907" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hopefully this chart is not too overwhelming, but if you just focus on the Adjectives and Nouns columns, it should be fairly simple. You have to learn the noun declensions, just like the adjective declensions. The Spelling Rules and Hard/Soft Indicators will help you to know exactly how to spell the endings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3I1jm.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3I1jm.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Grammar chart 1a&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4267" LastActivityDate="2015-10-15T07:19:52.907" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10959" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10957" CreationDate="2015-10-15T08:54:47.547" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, as the name suggests, the modern prepositional case used with prepositions always. That wasn't so in old times, when there was &lt;em&gt;a locative case&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;a prepositional one&lt;/em&gt;. That is, all &quot;natural-sounding&quot; examples are about 500-900 years old.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Солнце ему тъмою путь заступаше;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  нощь стонущи ему грозою птичь убуди, свистъ звѣринъ въ стазби;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  дивъ кличетъ &lt;em&gt;връху древа&lt;/em&gt;... (i.e. &lt;em&gt;at the top of the tree&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What still remains in modern language is considered to be &lt;em&gt;adverbs&lt;/em&gt;, like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я возвёл очи &lt;em&gt;горе́&lt;/em&gt; --&gt; I looked at the sky&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &lt;em&gt;горе́&lt;/em&gt; actually means &lt;em&gt;to the hill / mountain&lt;/em&gt; in a prepositionless form of locative case, but from the point of view of modern grammar it's &lt;em&gt;an adverb&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-10-16T07:18:46.000" LastActivityDate="2015-10-16T07:18:46.000" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10957" CreationDate="2015-10-15T09:07:52.737" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This short-form answer (actually, dative case without additional context) to a question in prepositional case is &lt;em&gt;impossible&lt;/em&gt;, it should be &quot;О Маше&quot;. However, it is possible to answer indirectly - with an extended sentence where the subject in question is mentioned in any other case (dative here).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- О ком вы говорили?&#xA;&#xA;- Маше отдавали должное - всё никак забыть её (выходку) не можем.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes a short indirect answer without a preposition can substitute for the subject meant in prepositional case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- На чём поедешь, на телеге или в карете?&#xA;&#xA;- Верхом (= на лошади, на ишаке).&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-10-15T09:52:58.647" LastActivityDate="2015-10-15T09:52:58.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10961" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10962" CreationDate="2015-10-15T13:25:45.450" Score="4" ViewCount="566" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that the particle &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt; is used to remind someone of something they should already know. For instance, say my friend and I posted a nasty comment on someone’s Facebook, but then quickly deleted it. Then that person seemed angry with me a few days later and my friend suggests that it’s because of that comment. I could say to him: &lt;strong&gt;Она же комментарий так и не видела&lt;/strong&gt;, to remind him that we deleted it before she could see it, which in English would be &lt;em&gt;But she never SAW that comment&lt;/em&gt;. In English the stress on the verb &lt;em&gt;saw&lt;/em&gt; has more or less the force as &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt; in the same Russian statement, I believe. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Getting to the point of my question, I saw a sentence recently: &lt;strong&gt;Суп-то у нас того... испортился.&lt;/strong&gt; Staying within the theme of the spoiled soup, let’s say my wife suggested that we serve our guests soup; I could potentially say &lt;strong&gt;Суп же у нас испортился&lt;/strong&gt;, which would mean: &lt;em&gt;But the soup (as you know) was RUINED&lt;/em&gt;. Again stress on the verb in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: How does the use of -&lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt; in the sentence &lt;strong&gt;Суп-то у нас испортился&lt;/strong&gt; change the semantics of the same situation as expressed with &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt;. Does it, like &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt;, also imply that the listener already knows about the soup being spoiled, or does it shift the sentential stress and focus onto the soup and make the whole statement a piece of news about the soup and what happened to it? In other words, what other underlying nuance(s) does it express that makes it different from &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-10-15T14:48:43.147" Title="Differences between the particles же and -то" Tags="&lt;particles&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-10-29T15:00:21.127" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10961" CreationDate="2015-10-15T14:05:37.723" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;My question is: How does the use of &lt;strong&gt;-то&lt;/strong&gt; in the sentence &lt;strong&gt;Суп-то у нас испортился&lt;/strong&gt; change the semantics of the same situation as expressed with &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt;. Does it, like &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt;, also imply that the listener already knows about the soup being spoiled, or does it shift the sentential stress and focus onto the soup and make the whole statement a piece of news about the soup and what happened to it? In other words, what other underlying nuance(s) does it express that makes it different from &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The particle (postfix) &lt;strong&gt;-то&lt;/strong&gt; is used to emphasize the word, bring it to the listener's attention (unless it's part of special pronouns like &quot;&lt;em&gt;что-то&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in which it qualifies the pronoun as indefinite).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast with that, the particle &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt; introduces the emphasis to the entire phrase, rather than a single word.  You can place it almost anywhere in that phrase without a significant change in the meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Суп &lt;em&gt;же&lt;/em&gt; у нас испортился.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Суп у нас &lt;em&gt;же&lt;/em&gt; испортился.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Суп у нас испортился &lt;em&gt;же&lt;/em&gt;. --  Our soup has gone bad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare the difference in meaning when the particle &lt;strong&gt;-то&lt;/strong&gt; is placed after another word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Суп-&lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt; у нас испортился. -- Our &lt;strong&gt;soup&lt;/strong&gt; has gone bad (and not the bread).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Суп у нас-&lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt; испортился. -- &lt;strong&gt;Our&lt;/strong&gt; soup has gone bad (and not theirs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both English sentences you'd stress the word I've put in bold.  I am really not sure how you'd indicate the emphasis in direct speech in English without typographical tricks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-15T14:05:37.723" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10961" CreationDate="2015-10-15T14:48:43.147" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-то&lt;/em&gt; used to emphasize a single word; &lt;em&gt;же / ж&lt;/em&gt; used to emphasize &lt;strong&gt;both&lt;/strong&gt; a word, and a full sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, you can't use &lt;em&gt;-то&lt;/em&gt; to put an emphasis on the words such as &lt;em&gt;кто&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;то&lt;/em&gt; etc. (because &lt;em&gt;кто-то&lt;/em&gt; only means &lt;em&gt;someone&lt;/em&gt;, and so on). But you still may say: &lt;em&gt;кто же&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;что же&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, of course, you may use them both to make a highly expressive phrase. E.g.: &lt;em&gt;Это что же делается-то!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-15T14:48:43.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10964" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-15T17:25:27.910" Score="3" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been working with adjectives and I ran into a noun that I do not know how to handle when it comes to endings. I am curoious if you guys could help me with if &quot;cymka&quot; would have the same endings like &quot;кни́га&quot; or like &quot;ви́за&quot; for the nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, Instrumentalis and P* cases. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6143" LastActivityDate="2015-10-15T21:15:22.257" Title="Need your expert opinion with endings for a noun" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10964" CreationDate="2015-10-15T18:04:22.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer is книга, but these are not really &quot;different&quot; endings.  The difference comes from the spelling rule that you use soft vowels after certain consonants, like к and г.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6141" LastActivityDate="2015-10-15T18:04:22.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10964" CreationDate="2015-10-15T21:15:22.257" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure what's the general rule is, if any, but for &quot;сумка&quot; the set of endings is the same as for &quot;книга&quot;, but not as for &quot;виза&quot;. Consider this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;                 singular |    plural&#xA;               -----------------------&#xA;Nominative    |   сумка   |    сумки&#xA;Accusative    |   сумку   |    сумки&#xA;Genitive      |   сумки   |    сумок&#xA;Dative        |   сумке   |    сумкам&#xA;Prepositional | (о) сумке | (о) сумках&#xA;Instrumental  |  сумкой   |   сумками&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the general model for first declension feminine, the same for &quot;сумка&quot; and &quot;книга&quot;. The noun &quot;виза&quot; acts a bit differently:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;                 singular |    plural&#xA;               -----------------------&#xA;Nominative    |   виза   |    визы&#xA;Accusative    |   визу   |    визы&#xA;Genitive      |   визы   |    виз&#xA;Dative        |   визе   |    визам&#xA;Prepositional | (о) визе | (о) визах&#xA;Instrumental  |   визой  |   визами&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, I can't give you the general rule as to &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; that happens. The trick seems to be in the presense of letter з, since the words &quot;зебра&quot; (zebra) and &quot;Лиза&quot; (given name Lisa) both act as &quot;виза&quot;, but this is uncertain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4592" LastActivityDate="2015-10-15T21:15:22.257" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10967" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10973" CreationDate="2015-10-16T15:13:48.503" Score="8" ViewCount="2386" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been told more than once by Russian speakers that Russian swear words have some kind of different connotation than English ones do, yet without being a speaker I can never quite understand how. From what they say I gather that Russian is unique in that swear words can be woven into normal words so that a sentence can be made up entirely of swear-words and still retain its meaning. How does this work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, to English speakers swearing is quite socially acceptable a thing to do, yet Russians I know claim that swearing is almost taboo to Russians. In what way is this true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4782" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T00:25:21.453" Title="What exactly separates Russian swearing from others?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;мат&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10967" CreationDate="2015-10-16T17:42:02.407" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, basically all obscene words, both in Russian and English, are just combinations of several &quot;well-known roots&quot; meaning genitalia, sexual practices and such. Yet as &quot;the basic set&quot; is quite limited, people used to vary their &quot;tools&quot; a little: say, just single f-word could produce either f-you, or f-off, or f-up and so on; this way we could get a dozen of &quot;new&quot; swearings with totally different meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What makes Russian language special, or, at least, what makes some people to believe in it, is a great flexibility due to the number of different prefixes/suffixes. So &quot;perfect swearing skill&quot; in Russian usually supposes speaker's ability to compose absolutely new expressions, or at least knowing truly rare ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's hard to compare swearings in two languages, as usually we don't have equal knowledge in both. But as an example, say, a single Russian &quot;f-verb&quot; produces at least the following: go mad, hit someone, give a dusting, bully, bother, break smth., lose smth., harass, run away, get lost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-16T17:42:02.407" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10969" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10970" CreationDate="2015-10-16T20:46:54.357" Score="3" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;Допускается ли в письме использование восклицательного и вопросительного знаков вокруг кавычек? Приведу пример:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;С чего бы это он вопил &quot;На помощь, на помощь!&quot;?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6146" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2015-10-16T21:00:01.780" LastActivityDate="2015-10-16T21:00:01.780" Title="Восклицательный и вопросительный знак вокруг кавычек &quot;!&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10969" CreationDate="2015-10-16T20:59:54.770" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Допускается. См. &lt;a href=&quot;http://pravopisanie_i_stilistika.academic.ru/136/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8&quot;&gt;Справочник. Кавычки и другие знаки&lt;/a&gt;, п.4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если перед закрывающими кавычками стоит вопросительный или&#xA;  восклицательный знак, то тот же самый знак не повторяется после&#xA;  кавычек; неодинаковые же знаки, если они требуются по условиям&#xA;  контекста, ставятся перед закрывающими кавычками и после них.&#xA;  Например: Читали ли вы роман А. И. Герцена «Кто виноват?» Ср.: Мы&#xA;  изучаем роман А. И. Герцена «Кто виноват?». Бойцы двинулись в атаку с&#xA;  криком «Вперёд!». Когда был выдвинут лозунг «Вся власть Советам!»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2015-10-16T20:59:54.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10972" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-17T15:31:09.600" Score="4" ViewCount="560" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the page &lt;a href=&quot;http://vremya4e.com/interes/16025-temy-sochineniy-dlya-gimnazistov-v-carskoy-rossii.-eto-vam-ne-ege.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://vremya4e.com/interes/16025-temy-sochineniy-dlya-gimnazistov-v-carskoy-rossii.-eto-vam-ne-ege.html&lt;/a&gt; there is an image of a handwritten essay from 1917 whose title begins with Развитие, but the written form of з looks quite different from its standard cursive form today. It looks like the cursive form of s in English. (This letter appears several times in the essay itself, e.g., in оказалось and, in the footnote, назад). The Wikipedia page for the Cyrillic letter S/s (dze) says this letter was eliminated from Russian in the 1700s, but if so why would this letter be appearing here? Maybe it is just an archaic written form of з, and if so when did it disappear?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also be interested to know if this unusual way of writing з was used by other people back then too, if someone has access to scans of century-old written documents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2015-10-17T20:20:52.533" LastActivityDate="2015-10-17T20:20:52.533" Title="Old form of cursive" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10967" CreationDate="2015-10-17T16:58:12.930" Score="13" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Grades of swear words&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point is that the Russian &quot;system&quot; of swear words consists of several grades of rudeness. Say, light, medium and hard grades. &lt;strong&gt;First grade&lt;/strong&gt; is more like childish level; some words that can be used by children, those are euphemisms for &quot;adult&quot; swear words. For example, &quot;блин&quot; and &quot;фиг&quot; and their derivatives. &lt;strong&gt;Second grade&lt;/strong&gt; presents words that can be used by adult people, but forbidden for children, it is not allowed to say them in front of children, but they still can appear on TV or in movies; for example, &quot;сука&quot;, &quot;хрен&quot;, &quot;хер&quot;, &quot;жопа&quot; (first two words also have normal meanings, literary words). And the &lt;strong&gt;third grade&lt;/strong&gt; contains words based on the rudest roots, and are banned on TV and movies, and shouldn't be used in public. Those words are &lt;em&gt;хуй&lt;/em&gt; (a penis), &lt;em&gt;пизда&lt;/em&gt; (a vagina), &lt;em&gt;ебать&lt;/em&gt; (to have sex) and &lt;em&gt;блядь&lt;/em&gt; (a whore). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Examples of grades&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's take English swear word combination &quot;fuck you&quot;/&quot;go to hell&quot;. In Russian it can sound like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Иди на фиг!&lt;/em&gt; - children's level&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Иди на хрен!&lt;/em&gt; - ruder&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Иди на хер!&lt;/em&gt; - little ruder&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Иди на хуй!&lt;/em&gt; - the rudest, banned&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another collocation &quot;it's fucking good!&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;О&lt;strong&gt;фиг&lt;/strong&gt;енно!&lt;/em&gt; - soft&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;О&lt;strong&gt;хер&lt;/strong&gt;енно!&lt;/em&gt; - medium&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;О&lt;strong&gt;ху&lt;/strong&gt;енно!&lt;/em&gt; - hard, banned&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Sentences consisting of swear words&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It reminds me a true story about a supervisor on a construction site:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На&lt;strong&gt;хуя&lt;/strong&gt; до&lt;strong&gt;хуя&lt;/strong&gt; на&lt;strong&gt;хуя&lt;/strong&gt;чили?! Рас&lt;strong&gt;хуя&lt;/strong&gt;чивайте на&lt;strong&gt;хуй&lt;/strong&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;нахуя&lt;/em&gt;&quot; - why&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;дохуя&lt;/em&gt;&quot; - so much, too much&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;нахуячили&quot; - replaces some verb in past tense, perfect aspect, &quot;you did&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;расхуячивайте&quot; - replacement of another verb, opposite for the previous one, &quot;undo it&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;нахуй&quot; - absolutely, totally&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it may be translated like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Why did you load so much? Unload it totally!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5389" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-10-18T02:59:54.327" LastActivityDate="2015-10-18T02:59:54.327" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10972" CreationDate="2015-10-17T17:34:22.320" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to a book, published in 1915 about Russian calligraphy - &quot;&lt;em&gt;Курс каллиграфии и конторской скорописи в шести отделах&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, page 51, drawing 44, it was possible to write the letters &quot;З&quot; and &quot;В&quot; both ways: smaller and bigger (&quot;з&quot; is 5th and 9th, &quot;в&quot; is 3rd and 8th on the image).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aQQPA.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aQQPA.png&quot; alt=&quot;Page 44&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5389" LastActivityDate="2015-10-17T17:34:22.320" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10975" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-17T19:29:02.107" Score="2" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is perhaps a use of &lt;strong&gt;где&lt;/strong&gt; that I have yet to encounter; I simply can't work out the meaning of this sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Где бы смолчать, а он сейчас в драку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-10-18T21:44:30.757" LastActivityDate="2015-10-18T21:44:30.757" Title="Meaning and usage of &quot;где бы&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10975" CreationDate="2015-10-17T20:33:20.377" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here the words &quot;&lt;strong&gt;где бы смолчать&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is a subjunctive construct which actually means something like &quot;anywhere it might be advisable to keep silent&quot;.  Translated from &quot;proverbal&quot; Russian, the entire sentence might be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Смолчать бы где-то, а он тотчас же - в драку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The order of words in Russian, as you probably know, is not predetermined, and here the particle &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; is placed before the verb for giving the spoken phrase more fluency (compare to &quot;смолчать бы&quot;, where you can hear a very hard pause between words).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-17T20:33:20.377" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10977" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10978" CreationDate="2015-10-17T21:13:29.830" Score="3" ViewCount="381" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &quot;я русский&quot; and &quot;я русская&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6150" LastActivityDate="2015-10-17T21:19:03.653" Title="What's the difference between &quot;я русский&quot; and &quot;я русская&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10977" CreationDate="2015-10-17T21:19:03.653" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я русский&lt;/strong&gt; would be spoken by a male, whereas &lt;strong&gt;Я русская&lt;/strong&gt; would be spoken by a female. And to complete the picture, &lt;strong&gt;Мы русские&lt;/strong&gt; would be spoken by two or more people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-10-17T21:19:03.653" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10967" CreationDate="2015-10-18T02:57:29.540" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can see &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/6826/why-does-%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE-mean-a-face-and-%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F-mean-to-fuck/6827#6827&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; a list of some words derived from the same root meaning &quot;to fuck&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, the meanings span from &quot;face&quot; to trick, joke, annoy, good, bad, hit, flee, leave, show off etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-10-18T02:57:29.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10975" CreationDate="2015-10-18T16:33:58.763" Score="1" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Where he could keep silence, he would eagerly brawl&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I imagine there is better-styled version of &quot;keep silent&quot; in English)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-10-18T16:33:58.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10982" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10983" CreationDate="2015-10-18T20:29:56.350" Score="4" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just started learning Russian two weeks ago, so be patience with me, please! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm a native Portuguese speaker, and i also speak decent English, with a basic grammar knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, how do i say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;My house has three windows.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried:&#xA;&lt;em&gt;У меня дома есть три окна.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But Google translates it to:&#xA;&lt;em&gt;At home I have three windows.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which is not exactly what i meant. I want to say that the house owns the windows. What are the cases governing this? Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6153" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T02:07:29.917" Title="Expressing ownership of objects" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10982" CreationDate="2015-10-18T21:30:58.710" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The equivalent Russian phrase is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В моём доме [есть] три окна. (&quot;есть&quot; is usually omitted in this kind of expression)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Дома&quot; means 'at home'; it is also possible to say (meaning your apartment or room in a bigger house):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;У меня дома три окна.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-10-18T21:30:58.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10982" CreationDate="2015-10-18T21:31:38.193" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I want to say that the house owns the windows&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, technically it would be &lt;em&gt;У моего дома [есть] три окна&lt;/em&gt;, but Russian speakers usually avoid saying that &quot;a thing&quot; has (or owns) &quot;another thing(s)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have to put it in other way. For example, &lt;strong&gt;В моём доме три окна&lt;/strong&gt; (i.e. &lt;em&gt;there are three windows in my house&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-18T21:31:38.193" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10985" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10937" CreationDate="2015-10-19T00:17:25.900" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Постель&lt;/em&gt; is more official than &lt;em&gt;кровать&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Ложе&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;одр&lt;/em&gt;? No one says so. And you can't see it in modern books. I forgot when I met it last time.&#xA;P.S. Trust me, I'm Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6154" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T00:17:25.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10967" CreationDate="2015-10-19T00:25:21.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Swearing is not almost taboo to Russians. If you step on the someone foot, you can hear &lt;em&gt;&quot;Блять&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. If something bad happens, you can hear &lt;em&gt;&quot;Пиздец&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. It's the most common. You can't hear any swearing in offices. You can't from teachers, but not from students. Young people likes use swearing. Also, I must to say it. Ussually &lt;em&gt;блядь&lt;/em&gt; means a whore, but &lt;em&gt;блять&lt;/em&gt; is interjection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6154" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T00:25:21.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10877" CreationDate="2015-10-19T00:46:35.347" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Всё в порядке?&quot;&lt;/em&gt; usually asks when you think something wrong with another human.&#xA;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;(meet a man lying on the ground)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Всё в порядке? Может, вызвать скорую?&lt;/em&gt; (Are you all right? Maybe call an ambulance?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6154" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T00:46:35.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10795" CreationDate="2015-10-19T00:55:35.423" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also, ussually блядь means a whore, but блять is interjection and true swearing. And you can change &quot;блять&quot; not only by &quot;блин&quot;, but by &quot;сука&quot; too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6154" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T00:55:35.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10992" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10795" CreationDate="2015-10-19T19:30:59.533" Score="1" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Usage&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usage of &quot;&lt;em&gt;Блин!&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is close to English &quot;&lt;em&gt;Damn!&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Shit!&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;em&gt;Crap!&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literally this word means &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a Russian pancake&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, but obviously, it replaces a hard swear word &quot;Блядь&quot; in mentioned meanings (&lt;em&gt;&quot;Damn!&quot;, ...&lt;/em&gt;) thanks to the same initial letters &quot;&lt;strong&gt;бл&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Examples&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Damn! I broke my nail! - Блин! Я сломала ноготь! &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hey! You will not get you money today... - Дарова! Ты не получишь свои деньги сегодня...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Oh crap... - Вот блин...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5389" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T19:30:59.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10982" CreationDate="2015-10-19T19:39:41.303" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also &quot;&lt;em&gt;У моего дома три окна&lt;/em&gt;&quot; works well for &quot;My house has three windows&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5389" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T19:39:41.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10994" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="10995" CreationDate="2015-10-19T20:32:35.147" Score="2" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another very basic question from a beginner. In the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мой любимый спорт - хоккей.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;(My favorite sport is hockey).&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that &lt;code&gt;мой&lt;/code&gt; is the subject (and it's a possessive pronoun), so it's in the nominative case. But what about &lt;code&gt;любимый спорт&lt;/code&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &lt;code&gt;любимый&lt;/code&gt; an adjective for &lt;code&gt;спорт&lt;/code&gt;?  So which case does &lt;code&gt;спорт&lt;/code&gt; take?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6153" LastEditorUserId="6153" LastEditDate="2015-10-19T22:24:39.993" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T22:24:39.993" Title="Case use in simple sentence" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10994" CreationDate="2015-10-19T20:47:28.823" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, the entire &lt;em&gt;noun phrase&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;[мой любимый спорт]&lt;/strong&gt; is the subject of the sentence. In other words, all the elements of the phrase: the possessive adjective &lt;strong&gt;мой&lt;/strong&gt;, the adjective &lt;strong&gt;любимый&lt;/strong&gt; and the noun &lt;strong&gt;спорт&lt;/strong&gt; together make up the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, the &lt;em&gt;head&lt;/em&gt; of this noun phrase is the noun &lt;strong&gt;спорт&lt;/strong&gt;. Since this is a singular masculine noun, it &lt;em&gt;governs&lt;/em&gt; all the other elements in the phrase and makes them masculine and singular in form as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-10-19T21:11:34.300" LastActivityDate="2015-10-19T21:11:34.300" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10996" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-20T00:38:18.260" Score="3" ViewCount="317" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't quite understand the reason for why &lt;strong&gt;Мое&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;Моя&lt;/strong&gt; is used. Could somebody explain it to me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5898" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T03:24:31.940" Title="Why is the possessive pronoun for &quot;имя&quot; &quot;Мое&quot;, even though &quot;имя&quot; is a feminine word?" Tags="&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10996" CreationDate="2015-10-20T01:01:00.193" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Имя&lt;/strong&gt; belongs to a special group of 11 nouns ending in &lt;strong&gt;-мя&lt;/strong&gt;, all of which are of the &lt;em&gt;Neuter&lt;/em&gt; gender:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;бремя, время, вымя, знамя, имя, пламя, племя, семя, стремя, темя, голомя&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of them also decline in a special way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;       sing.       plur.&#xA;_____________________________       &#xA;Nom.   врéмя       временá&#xA;Gen.   врéмени     времён&#xA;Dat.   врéмени     временáм&#xA;Acc.   врéмя       временá&#xA;Instr. врéменем    временáми&#xA;Prep.  врéмени     временáх&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the 10 nouns (and &lt;strong&gt;имя&lt;/strong&gt; too) have the same case endings as &lt;strong&gt;время&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2015-10-20T03:24:31.940" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T03:24:31.940" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10996" CreationDate="2015-10-20T01:02:00.290" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Имя is neuter noun, not feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a set of similar neuter nouns: имя, вымя, пламя, семя, время, темя, стремя, знамя, племя, бремя etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of them originate from PIE words with -men suffix. Such words were neuter in PIE also. In Proto-Slavic -en and -n̥ becomes -ę nasal vowel and later -я.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PIE &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;e̯neo̯mn&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; -&amp;gt; имя&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PIE &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;see̯mn&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; -&amp;gt; семя&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PIE &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ĝneo̯mn&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; -&amp;gt; знамя&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PIE &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;bhermn&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; -&amp;gt; бремя&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You still can see the -мен- part in oblique cases and plural: вре&lt;strong&gt;мен&lt;/strong&gt;и, вре&lt;strong&gt;мен&lt;/strong&gt;ем, вре&lt;strong&gt;мен&lt;/strong&gt;а etc, as well as adjectives: вре&lt;strong&gt;мен&lt;/strong&gt;ный, бере&lt;strong&gt;мен&lt;/strong&gt;ная.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T02:27:20.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="10999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10982" CreationDate="2015-10-20T02:07:29.917" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В моём доме три окна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My house has three windows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В моём доме есть три окна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same but suggests continuation, more talk about the windows. For instance, you say that one is painted green, the other two yellow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня дома три окна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My apartment has three windows (while the house may have more).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня дома есть три окна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At my home there are three windows. Something special with the windows. You are underlining that the windows only exist, so maybe they are not &lt;em&gt;useful&lt;/em&gt;?&#xA;For instance, you are speaking about window frames stored in your apartment rather than openings in the walls or that while your apartment has three windows, you can use only one (others are blocked by furniture or in locked rooms or parents prohibit using them).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T02:07:29.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11000" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11003" CreationDate="2015-10-20T08:30:31.233" Score="3" ViewCount="402" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need you expertise opinion on this. when someone asks me what time it is and I want to say, the time is...do I start with &quot;время&quot; and the time or can I say &quot;время ect&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6158" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T06:47:23.863" Title="What time is it? (how do i answer?)" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11001" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11004" CreationDate="2015-10-20T08:37:16.490" Score="3" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have I understood this correctly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;четырнадцать часов однa минут&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;четырнадцать часов две минуты&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;четырнадцать часов три минуты&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;четырнадцать часов пять минут&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6158" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-10-20T10:08:29.653" LastActivityDate="2015-10-27T05:01:23.520" Title="How to decline minutes" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11000" CreationDate="2015-10-20T08:49:38.017" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you could begin with &lt;code&gt;время&lt;/code&gt;. In my opinion though it sounds better with the word &lt;code&gt;сейчас&lt;/code&gt;, for example &lt;code&gt;Сейчас половина четвёртого&lt;/code&gt;. The other common approach would be to say the time directly without any pretext&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Который час?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Пять минут шестого.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4637" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T08:49:38.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11000" CreationDate="2015-10-20T08:52:52.537" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In common speech, no one uses &lt;em&gt;время&lt;/em&gt; in their answers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Который час?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Полпятого.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, there are some variants:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сейчас четырнадцать тридцать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почти пять.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And so on. &lt;em&gt;Время&lt;/em&gt; might be used in technical speech, announcements etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Московское время - пятнадцать часов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Текущее время - одиннадцать часов тринадцать минут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you see, the verb &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt; is not used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T10:19:07.733" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11001" CreationDate="2015-10-20T09:16:43.513" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As it was mentioned in comments, the only mistake is &quot;одна минут&quot;. The correct phrase is:&#xA;четырнадцать часов однa минут&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6131" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T09:16:43.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11001" CreationDate="2015-10-20T09:18:17.627" Score="5" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 мину&lt;strong&gt;та&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2,3,4 мину&lt;strong&gt;ты&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5, 6, 7, 8, 9 мину&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;11-19 мину&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;numbers ending with 0 (zero): 0, 10, 20... мину&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Others depend on the last digit according to first 3 rules (2&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt; мину&lt;strong&gt;та&lt;/strong&gt;, 3&lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt; мину&lt;strong&gt;ты&lt;/strong&gt;, 4&lt;strong&gt;5&lt;/strong&gt; мину&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5389" LastEditorUserId="5389" LastEditDate="2015-10-27T05:01:23.520" LastActivityDate="2015-10-27T05:01:23.520" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11006" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11007" CreationDate="2015-10-20T11:02:11.743" Score="8" ViewCount="272" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning of the word &quot;завьюженный&quot;? I can't find this in any dictionaries. It's an adjective, right? I think it might mean something like &quot;cold&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T11:14:55.860" Title="What does &quot;завьюженный&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11006" CreationDate="2015-10-20T11:14:55.860" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word is derived from &lt;em&gt;вьюга&lt;/em&gt;, which translates to &lt;strong&gt;snowstorm&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;blizzard&lt;/strong&gt;. The meaning is therefore something close to &quot;covered in snow&quot; - basically, it describes something after a snowstorm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T11:14:55.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11008" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11010" CreationDate="2015-10-20T11:48:18.230" Score="7" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;This sentence apparently means &quot;I would like to sleep till April&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Заснуть бы до апреля бы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I can't understand the use of &quot;бы&quot; here. Could someone give examples of other sentences using this double-бы construction? For instance, if I say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Infinitive verb] бы [object] бы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does that always mean &quot;I would like to verb the object&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4494" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T12:14:28.857" Title="A construction with double &quot;бы&quot;-s" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11008" CreationDate="2015-10-20T12:08:11.577" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I could only think that this adds additional emphasis on the wish the particle &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt; expresses. In normal speech one would simply say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Заснуть бы до апреля.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Заснуть до апреля бы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are similar, maybe with slight possible differences (emphasis on &lt;em&gt;заснуть&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;до апреля&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would expect double &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt; to be used in poetry, songs and the like, for additional emphasis, rhythm etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T12:08:11.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11008" CreationDate="2015-10-20T12:14:28.857" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's a kind of &quot;colloquial tautology&quot;. In Russian the placement of &quot;&lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is not fixed. That is both &quot;Заснуть бы до апреля&quot; and &quot;Заснуть до апреля бы&quot; mean the same. But sometimes the speaker may use a small emphasis to mean either: &lt;em&gt;I'd like to sleep till April&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;I'd like to sleep, say, until April&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Colloquially, people sometimes use tautology to express both at once: &lt;em&gt;Заснуть бы до апреля бы&lt;/em&gt; --&gt; &lt;em&gt;I'd like to sleep; be my sleep until April&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T12:14:28.857" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11000" CreationDate="2015-10-20T14:16:46.327" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you announcing the time by your own initiative, you can use &quot;время&quot; to clarify that you are announcing time rather than some other numbers. But if you asked it would be excessive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-10-20T14:16:46.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11012" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11014" CreationDate="2015-10-21T01:08:26.367" Score="12" ViewCount="2160" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am writing a story (set in the modern day) involving a Russian man who has an American girlfriend named Anna.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to figure out what affectionate name he might use for her.  Specifically:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there an appropriate diminutive form for &quot;Anna&quot; in this situation?  I found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russian-translation-pros.com/russian-translation-russia-women-names.html&quot;&gt;this site&lt;/a&gt;, but there are many forms of &quot;Anna&quot;.  Is there an important distinction between them or is it just a matter of preference?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is it common to use a pet/tender name instead of the diminutive?  &lt;a href=&quot;http://learnrussian.rt.com/speak-russian/tender-words-russian&quot;&gt;This site&lt;/a&gt; lists some, but doesn't provide context.  For example, is “zvyozdochka” (little star) something you would use for a girlfriend or is it better suited to a small child?  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6162" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2015-10-21T14:27:54.943" LastActivityDate="2019-01-10T13:12:10.940" Title="Affectionate Name for Girlfriend" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11012" CreationDate="2015-10-21T02:27:42.027" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Анна is &quot;Аня&quot;, &quot;Анюта&quot;, &quot;Нюша&quot; and even &quot;Нюра&quot;. From this one can derive even more &quot;soft&quot; forms like &quot;Анюточка&quot;, &quot;Нюшенька&quot;, &quot;Нюрочка&quot; etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, basically all the forms mentioned on the page you've mentioned are valid. Stylistically there are very subtle differences but I guess that your story won't sound unnatural with any of these forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of the second part of your question - &quot;звёздочка&quot; is not a regular noun used in cases of this kind. More likely &quot;солнышко&quot; or, talking of pets, &quot;рыбка&quot;, &quot;зайка&quot;, &quot;котёночек&quot;, &quot;котик&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2015-10-21T02:27:42.027" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11014" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11012" CreationDate="2015-10-21T08:35:07.430" Score="14" Body="&lt;h1&gt;Name Anna&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Анна&lt;/strong&gt; - formal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Аня&lt;/strong&gt; - regular, informal (widely used by friends, parents, boyfriend)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Анечка&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Анюта&lt;/strong&gt; - maybe used by parents, close friends or a boyfriend (your case)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ань&lt;/strong&gt;! - regular, the vocative case, used just addressing/calling a person&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Анют&lt;/strong&gt;! - is like the previous one, but more cute&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Others forms from the list, such as &lt;em&gt;Аннушка, Ануша, Ануся, Нюня, Нюша, Нюта&lt;/em&gt;, may sound strange in modern Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Pet/tender names&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Звёздочка&lt;/em&gt; is possible, but rarely used. It's more like mother can call her child.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;The most popular are:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Зайка&lt;/strong&gt;, more popular &lt;strong&gt;Зая&lt;/strong&gt;, vocative &lt;strong&gt;Зай!&lt;/strong&gt; - a bunny&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Солнышнко&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;солнце моё&lt;/strong&gt; - a sun of mine&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Родная моя&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Роднуля&lt;/strong&gt; - a relative of mine&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Малыш&lt;/strong&gt; - a little one&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5389" LastActivityDate="2015-10-21T08:35:07.430" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11017" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11012" CreationDate="2015-10-21T14:26:34.673" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the context of your story, Anechka and/or Anya are probably the best choices. Any more variations will probably confuse your non-Russian readers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, thank you for checking this. You are doing a great service to those of your readers who are familiar with Russian culture. Typically, seeing what English-language writers do with Russian names makes me cringe. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2015-10-21T14:26:34.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10937" CreationDate="2015-10-22T01:44:39.107" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are three words that could match &quot;bed&quot; in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кровать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - bed as in wooden piece of furniture in everybody's home. Probably your case.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Постель&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - bed as in sheets and covers. Widely used for talking about a place where lovers have fun.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ложе&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - archaic, don't use it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: I am Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6173" LastActivityDate="2015-10-22T01:44:39.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10937" CreationDate="2015-10-23T05:37:33.943" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most common word is кровать. You can use постель when you are talking about place prepared for sleep, as it was sayed above. Actually, as a native speaker, I can say that постель can sound a little bit too intimate, but this is my opinion, not the rule.&#xA;Mostly these two words are interchangeable, for example, if yu say &quot;Почему ты ещё в кровати, уже поздно?&quot; it won't be a mistake, even if the person you are talking to is on the sofa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6177" LastActivityDate="2015-10-23T05:37:33.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11020" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-24T09:29:55.717" Score="2" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I wanted to say 'you just blew my mind', or maybe in other words, 'I'm trying to wrap my mind around what you just said/did,' what might be some possible translations? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-10-24T13:00:17.817" Title="How would you translate 'you just blew my mind'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11020" CreationDate="2015-10-24T10:43:12.650" Score="3" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Ты только что взорвал мой мозг&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Я пытаюсь врубиться в то, что ты только что сказал&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Врубиться/врубаться&lt;/em&gt; is a bit rude slang for &quot;осознать/понять&quot; - &quot;to realize/to understand&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5389" LastActivityDate="2015-10-24T10:43:12.650" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11020" CreationDate="2015-10-24T12:42:05.660" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quite possible that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;взорвал мой мозг&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; became quite common due to vocabulary limitations of the modern youth which is under enormous pressure from the West and its culture (and language) and trying to cope with it &lt;em&gt;using literal translations&lt;/em&gt; of &lt;em&gt;pop culture idioms&lt;/em&gt; previously unknown to them.  Nothing we can do about that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The expression &quot;&lt;strong&gt;вынес мне мозги&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;снёс мне мозги&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; sounds a bit smoother and actually closer to the intention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to &lt;strong&gt;wrapping one's mind&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;around something&lt;/em&gt;, I'd use &quot;&lt;strong&gt;охватить&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;что-то&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;умом&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;постичь&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;что-то&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-24T12:42:05.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11020" CreationDate="2015-10-24T13:00:17.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я не въезжаю&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;Я не догоняю&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;Я не врубаюсь&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;Я не вкурил&lt;/em&gt; - slang; means &quot;I really can't understand&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ты мне мозг взорвал&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;Ты мне мозг вынес&lt;/em&gt; - rather modern (mostly teenager) slang; seems like a calque from English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following may also be usable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ну ты даёшь&lt;/em&gt; - colloquial; &quot;This is not what I expected of you&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Да ты гонишь!&lt;/em&gt; - slang; &quot;You tell me shit&quot;; may also mean &quot;You got me surprised; Is this for real?!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-24T13:00:17.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11024" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11044" CreationDate="2015-10-25T09:38:19.173" Score="8" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please tell me if there are any rules for writing &quot;o&quot; or &quot;a&quot; in a Russian word. Meaning, if a pronounced word has many &quot;a&quot; how do you know if any of them and which one of them is written as &quot;o&quot;(unstressed o)and which one of them is written as &quot;a&quot; ? Can't remember how a word is written if it contains &quot;a&quot;, not sure which &quot;a&quot; is written as &quot;a&quot; and which one is written as &quot;o&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6184" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-04T16:46:18.150" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T08:00:14.257" Title="Writing &quot;o&quot; or &quot;a&quot;" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11025" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11028" CreationDate="2015-10-25T10:34:48.460" Score="5" ViewCount="780" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please tell me how the written “e” pronounces. I have checked various online resources and am still not sure about it. I have found the following rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“e” is pronounced as: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ii – at begin of words, after vowels, after ь, after ъ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i – between consonant and vowel&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ie – at the end of a word, after the consonant&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6184" LastEditorUserId="185" LastEditDate="2015-10-29T14:59:03.427" LastActivityDate="2020-05-01T14:18:49.090" Title="pronunciation of &quot;e&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7647" CreationDate="2015-10-25T10:58:20.610" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это - просто фрагмент работы, - то есть, большое прозводственное задание (например, технологический цикл производства) как раз и состоит из отдельных фрагментов работы, которые планируются для исполнения (последовательного, параллельного и т.п.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6185" LastActivityDate="2015-10-25T10:58:20.610" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11027" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11031" CreationDate="2015-10-25T11:07:47.843" Score="8" ViewCount="400" Body="&lt;p&gt;В русском языке есть ряд существительных, образованных от глаголов, с суффиксом -л.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какова причина использования этого суффикса? Ведь в современном русском языке это суффикс глагола прошедшего времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4121" LastActivityDate="2015-10-25T21:21:50.063" Title="Откуда суффикс -л у существительных: &quot;страшило&quot;, &quot;чернила&quot;, &quot;пряло&quot; и т.п" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11025" CreationDate="2015-10-25T11:55:11.623" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a proper pronounce you should know three things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;iotizing&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;softening&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;reduction&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Iotizing&lt;/em&gt; means that if &lt;em&gt;Е&lt;/em&gt; stands at the beginning of the word, or after another vowel, or after hard or soft sign (Ь or Ъ), then it's &lt;em&gt;iotized&lt;/em&gt;, i.e. it produces two sounds: Й+Э (as in &lt;em&gt;YEllow&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Softening&lt;/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Palatalisation&lt;/em&gt;) means that if &lt;em&gt;Е&lt;/em&gt; stands after a consonant, then the consonant becomes a &quot;soft variant&quot;(&quot;palatalised&quot;). (Note that &lt;em&gt;Е&lt;/em&gt; gives only one sound &quot;Э&quot;, as in &lt;em&gt;Elbow&lt;/em&gt;, in this case). But if the consonant has no &quot;soft variant&quot;[Ш, Ж, Ц], then it doesn't change, of course. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is &lt;code&gt;Ель -&amp;gt; ЙЭл'&lt;/code&gt;; &lt;code&gt;ЛЕc -&amp;gt; Л'Эс&lt;/code&gt;; &lt;code&gt;МЕль -&amp;gt;М'Эл'&lt;/code&gt;; &lt;code&gt;ЖЕчь -&amp;gt; ЖЭч'&lt;/code&gt;; &lt;code&gt;ШЕст -&amp;gt; ШЭст&lt;/code&gt; etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still one step remains so far. It's the &lt;em&gt;Reduction&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Reduction&lt;/em&gt; may be applied to &lt;em&gt;unstressed&lt;/em&gt; vowel (after proper iotizing and softening!)  to pronounce it differently, so this is a matter of a dialect. Usually, unstressed Russian &quot;Е&quot; gives &quot;И&quot; (this is the most standard way, called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Иканье&quot;&lt;/a&gt;). Though saying just &quot;Э&quot; is OK too.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &quot;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Е&lt;/strong&gt;(кат&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;ринбург)&lt;/em&gt;&quot; usually yields &quot;&lt;em&gt;Й&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;(кат'&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;р'инбурк)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. But stressed vowel is never changed, e.g.: &lt;em&gt;подъ&lt;strong&gt;Е&lt;/strong&gt;зд&lt;/em&gt; -&gt; &lt;em&gt;пад&lt;strong&gt;ЙЭ&lt;/strong&gt;ст&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="6165" LastEditDate="2020-05-01T14:18:49.090" LastActivityDate="2020-05-01T14:18:49.090" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11024" CreationDate="2015-10-25T12:31:02.327" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, this is a problem of a vowel reduction: &lt;em&gt;unstressed&lt;/em&gt; Russian &quot;&lt;em&gt;О&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is usually replaced by &quot;&lt;em&gt;А&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in the spoken language (called &lt;em&gt;Áканье&lt;/em&gt;). So &lt;em&gt;to write&lt;/em&gt; it properly one usually has to find a word of the same root with a &lt;em&gt;stressed&lt;/em&gt; vowel, so it becomes clear what &lt;em&gt;the root&lt;/em&gt; of the word appears to be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g.: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Грозá&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (thunderstorm) is pronounced &quot;&lt;em&gt;гр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;зá&lt;/em&gt;&quot; only because of reduction, but should be written with &quot;&lt;em&gt;О&lt;/em&gt;&quot; as in the plural form where &quot;O&quot; is stressed - &quot;&lt;em&gt;Грóзы&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (thunderstorms).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are exceptions though. After all, the orthography is what the pupils learn in the school for the years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorDisplayName="user1514" LastEditDate="2015-10-25T12:39:35.093" LastActivityDate="2015-10-25T12:39:35.093" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11027" CreationDate="2015-10-25T13:29:55.057" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Суффикс &lt;strong&gt;-л-о&lt;/strong&gt; происходит от праславянского суффикса &lt;em&gt;*-dl-ŏ&lt;/em&gt;, который служил для образования названий орудий. Происходит от &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Proto-Slavic/-dlo&quot;&gt;праиндоевропейского суффикса &lt;em&gt;*-dʰl-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, который соединялся с тематическим &lt;em&gt;*ŏ&lt;/em&gt; и образовывал имена среднего рода. В речи южных и восточных славян (в т. ч. в русском) в результате упрощения &lt;em&gt;*-dl-&lt;/em&gt; &gt; [л], в западнославянских языках (в польском, чешском и др.) этот суффикс сохранил форму &lt;em&gt;-dl-o&lt;/em&gt;: праслав. &lt;em&gt;*my-dl-o&lt;/em&gt; (от &lt;em&gt;*my-ti&lt;/em&gt;) &gt;  полсьск. &lt;em&gt;mydło&lt;/em&gt;, чешск. &lt;em&gt;mýdlo&lt;/em&gt;, русск. &lt;em&gt;мыло&lt;/em&gt;; праслав. &lt;em&gt;*gьr-dl-o&lt;/em&gt;  &gt;  полсьск. &lt;em&gt;gardło&lt;/em&gt;, чешск. &lt;em&gt;hrdlo&lt;/em&gt;, русск. &lt;em&gt;горло&lt;/em&gt;; праслав. &lt;em&gt;*kri-dl-o-n&lt;/em&gt; (от корня &lt;em&gt;*kri-&lt;/em&gt; «лететь») &gt;  полсьск. &lt;em&gt;skrzydło&lt;/em&gt;, чешск. &lt;em&gt;křídlo&lt;/em&gt;, старослав. &lt;em&gt;крило&lt;/em&gt;, русск. &lt;em&gt;крыло&lt;/em&gt; (в последнем звук [ы], вероятно, под влиянием «крыть»); праслав. &lt;em&gt;*zьrka-dl-o&lt;/em&gt; &gt;  полсьск. &lt;em&gt;zwierciadło&lt;/em&gt;, чешск. &lt;em&gt;zrcadlo&lt;/em&gt;, старослав. &lt;em&gt;зрьцало&lt;/em&gt;, русск. &lt;em&gt;зеркало&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сходство этого суффикса с современным руским суффиксом прошедшего времени &lt;strong&gt;-л-&lt;/strong&gt; является просто совпадением, никакой связи между ними нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-10-25T21:21:50.063" LastActivityDate="2015-10-25T21:21:50.063" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7647" CreationDate="2015-10-25T14:14:28.440" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как насчет &quot;рабочий вопрос&quot;? Мне это кажется неплохим вариантом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-10-25T14:14:28.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11033" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-26T08:26:57.730" Score="1" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find it very difficult to understand the difference in meaning and usage between дальний и далёкий! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My teacher said:&#xA;дальний: is &quot;far&quot; in relation to my (or the speaker's) position&#xA;далёкий: is &quot;far&quot; in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I feel like it's the opposite! Am I wrong? If I say &quot;они живут в дальних селах&quot; I feel like this &quot;far&quot; is a general, absolute far. It's far from everything else. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone give me a better explanation of the difference? &#xA;Thank you :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4892" LastActivityDate="2015-10-26T14:21:59.927" Title="Difference between дальний and далёкий!" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11033" CreationDate="2015-10-26T10:55:38.420" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your teacher is right. Talking about distances, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;дальний&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is close to &quot;a further one&quot;, while &quot;&lt;strong&gt;далёкий&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is more like &quot;a far one&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example 1:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;1st town ---------------- 2nd town -------------3rd town   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are three towns on the same interstate. We live in the first one. A man lives in the 3rd town. We say: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Он живёт в &lt;strong&gt;дальнем&lt;/strong&gt; городе&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. A woman lives in the 2nd town - &quot;&lt;em&gt;Она живёт в &lt;strong&gt;ближнем&lt;/strong&gt; городе&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example 2:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;1st town &amp;lt;---------------- 1000 miles -------------&gt; 2rd town &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We are in the 1st town, some person is in the 2nd town 1000 miles away. We would say &quot;&lt;em&gt;Человек живёт в &lt;strong&gt;далёком&lt;/strong&gt; городе&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;дальний&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; implies the existence of closer objects (&lt;em&gt;ближний&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5389" LastActivityDate="2015-10-26T10:55:38.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11035" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11033" CreationDate="2015-10-26T13:50:59.490" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In some contexts &lt;em&gt;there is no real difference&lt;/em&gt;.  Both are formed from the word &quot;&lt;em&gt;даль&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.  They are often interchangeable, and we can find idiomatic phrases with both words as attributes: &quot;&lt;em&gt;дальний&lt;/em&gt; путь&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;далёкий&lt;/em&gt; путь&quot; (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%2C%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;case_insensitive=on&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t4%3B%2C%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for relative use statistics).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stable antonyms to those are, respectively, &quot;&lt;em&gt;ближний&lt;/em&gt;&quot; и &quot;&lt;em&gt;близкий&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, which are also rather very similar, although there are some phrases that would use the second word but not the first (you'd say &quot;&lt;em&gt;близкий человек&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, but &quot;&lt;em&gt;ближнее зарубежье&lt;/em&gt;&quot; -- former Soviet republics after USSR had broken up).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet, as Roman points out, and where your teacher is correct, &lt;em&gt;when you need to use comparative sense&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;дальний&lt;/em&gt;&quot; would be better (meaning &quot;farth&lt;strong&gt;er&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;), same with the antonyms: &quot;&lt;em&gt;ближний&lt;/em&gt;&quot; also has a meaning of &quot;clos&lt;strong&gt;er&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;near&lt;strong&gt;er&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;The meaning really depends on the context, and so does their use.  For instance, with the noun &quot;&lt;em&gt;дорога&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, the phrase &quot;&lt;em&gt;дальняя дорога&lt;/em&gt;&quot; means &quot;&lt;em&gt;road to far away places&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, i.e. &quot;&lt;em&gt;road that [starts here and] leads far away&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, whereas &quot;&lt;em&gt;далёкая дорога&lt;/em&gt;&quot; has more of the meaning &quot;&lt;em&gt;the road far away&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;the road such that to reach it you need to travel far&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-26T13:50:59.490" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11033" CreationDate="2015-10-26T14:07:15.330" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;они живут в дальних сёлах = they are living in villages which are&#xA;  difficult to reach, in the outskirts of the populated area (whether you are there or not), far from the central area&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;они живут в далёких сёлах = they are living in the far villages, from you, from another place or from each other. They may be not far from the area's center.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-10-26T14:21:59.927" LastActivityDate="2015-10-26T14:21:59.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11037" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11038" CreationDate="2015-10-26T15:44:45.857" Score="1" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как можно правильно использовать выражение засыпать кого чем? Можно сказать меня засыпали работой? Меня засыпали должностей? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо за помощь &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5932" LastEditorUserId="3819" LastEditDate="2019-12-26T19:45:38.240" LastActivityDate="2019-12-27T18:38:11.447" Title="Как использовать выражение &quot;засыпать кого чем&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11037" CreationDate="2015-10-26T16:22:14.037" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Глагол &quot;&lt;strong&gt;зас&lt;em&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt;пали&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; большей частью применяется (в прямом и переносном смысле) с материалами, которые состоят из большого количества маленьких частиц, то есть материалами, которые можно &quot;с&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt;пать&quot;.  Песок, например, можно сыпать.  Муку.  Снег.  Ну а &lt;em&gt;воду&lt;/em&gt;, например, сыпать затруднительно, её обычно &lt;strong&gt;льют&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Устойчивыми сочетаниями при переносном смысле являются &quot;&lt;strong&gt;засыпать вопросами&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;засыпать упрёками&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;засыпать делами&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.  &quot;&lt;em&gt;Засыпать работой&lt;/em&gt;&quot; сказать-то можно и, наверное, поймут, причём правильно, но это идиомой не является.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чаще говорят &quot;&lt;strong&gt;завалили работой&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;С &quot;должностей&quot; - я не понял, что Вы хотели сказать...  Добавлю, если Вы поподробнее (или иными словами) объясните.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastEditorUserId="5915" LastEditDate="2015-10-26T17:16:07.013" LastActivityDate="2015-10-26T17:16:07.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11039" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11042" CreationDate="2015-10-26T22:46:44.517" Score="4" ViewCount="560" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; used as a prefix meaning to start the action of the verb? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian grammar is more or less very logical if you look at the history of words, but I just don't understand why &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; gives verbs this meaning of &quot;to start&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any explanation is welcome)) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;зашевелиться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;загудеть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;запеть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;засмеяться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;заговорить&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;зацвести&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;заплакать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;забе́гать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All mean, to start, begin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2015-10-28T01:26:59.227" LastActivityDate="2015-10-28T04:48:58.460" Title="What is the logic behind &quot;за&quot; as a prefix indicating &quot;to start&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11039" CreationDate="2015-10-26T23:51:27.890" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the answer to your question is, &quot;well, it doesn't&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;закопать&lt;/strong&gt;  - to cover with dirt, to bury&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;зашить&lt;/strong&gt;  - to sew up&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;защищать&lt;/strong&gt; - to guard  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, you can also name&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;запустить&lt;/strong&gt; - to start up, to let/allow in[to]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;зазубр&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;ть&lt;/strong&gt; - to learn by rote  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One possible explanation is that those are verbs that designate an action that is complete in some sense (even if the verb has imperfective aspect).  For instance &quot;&lt;strong&gt;зазубривать&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is a verb of imperfective aspect, although it does mean &quot;&lt;em&gt;to be learning by rote&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, which in itself a completed action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-26T23:51:27.890" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11039" CreationDate="2015-10-27T01:52:07.860" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%B0-&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wiktionary.org&lt;/a&gt; (English)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Начать выполнять действие: стучать → застучать; болеть → заболеть.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Совершить заранее или впрок: готовить → заготовить; планировать → запланировать.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Довести до результативного завершения: асфальтировать → заасфальти́ровать; бетонировать → забетони́ровать. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Действие над предметом, объектом, в результате которого последний оказывается за какой-либо воображаемой или материальной линией: плыть → заплыть; бросить → забросить; брести → забрести. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Покрыть или покрыться, прикрыть или прикрыться чем-либо: брызгать → забрызгать; мазать → замазать; потеть → запотеть.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Чрезмерная интенсивность действия или доведение объекта до нежелательного состояния: читать → зачитать; таскать → затаскать. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Создание преграды, препятствия, помехи: забаррикадировать, загромоздить, забаллотировать.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2015-10-27T02:06:34.303" LastActivityDate="2015-10-27T02:06:34.303" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11042" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11039" CreationDate="2015-10-27T09:06:33.180" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;logic&lt;/em&gt; behind it can be seen within a more general function of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;за-&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;: the addition of '&lt;strong&gt;change of state&lt;/strong&gt;' sense to a verb. That includes 2 different aspects: a) &lt;strong&gt;productivity of action&lt;/strong&gt; aimed at changing something/somebody (&lt;em&gt;забить, забронировать&lt;/em&gt;) and b) bringing something/somebody to a &lt;strong&gt;new condition&lt;/strong&gt; by putting into action (= &lt;em&gt;beginning&lt;/em&gt; that action) expressed by that verb (&lt;em&gt;засмеяться, заверещать&lt;/em&gt;). The '&lt;em&gt;change of state&lt;/em&gt;' concept is more typical for some other languages like Chinese, where the corresponding sense is provided by addition of the particle 'le' (了) after the verb. While in Russian such a generalisation is rarely discussed, I find it useful for explanation here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-10-27T09:06:33.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11039" CreationDate="2015-10-28T04:48:58.460" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's take an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;За&lt;/strong&gt;шёл &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; угол, &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; которым &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;был &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;крыть &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;движку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of grammarians accepted that verbs in &lt;em&gt;Infinitive&lt;/em&gt; behave in mind as nouns. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Verb = an Action&lt;/code&gt;&lt;strong&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;kbd&gt;за&lt;/kbd&gt; &lt;sub&gt;(prep. or prefix)&lt;/sub&gt; = move, slide, transit; &lt;sub&gt; &lt;em&gt;and after still holds in a new state, denoted by that noun.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;That's the key. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The actions in the example are: &lt;code&gt;шёл, был, крыть.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Шёл&lt;/em&gt; = he pictured as he was in the action 'walking'. Where he had to walk, is unknown, and that's the first state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let take a look at the noun, &lt;code&gt;угол&lt;/code&gt; — an abstract idea. The mind has a state, say, keeping the mind's picture of &lt;code&gt;угол,&lt;/code&gt; then the state moved to the more definitely state, after we're hearing &lt;code&gt;за угол, в угол, на угол.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we say &lt;code&gt;Прошёл за угол,&lt;/code&gt; then we mean: he passed the corner by walking along (around) the point of the corner. &lt;code&gt;Зашёл за угол&lt;/code&gt; will be means: he's state of walking made a transition, and now he is already at the invisible side of the corner. And we track both states in the mind: first, he had been walked (nowhere), and now stood at the side of the corner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;b&gt;Зашёл за угол за которым забыл закрыть задвижку.&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;It means: &#xA;         зашёл      = now he is already into the new state of action идти;&#xA;         за угол    = now he is already at the invisible side of the corner;&#xA;         за которым = behind that;&#xA;         забыл      = now he is already into the failed state of memory;&#xA;    забыл + закрыть = he's never been in the state of closing smth;&#xA;         задвижка   = the bolt (a metal bar that you slide across a door).&#xA;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-10-28T04:48:58.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11024" CreationDate="2015-10-28T11:58:05.873" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Checking &lt;strong&gt;o/a&lt;/strong&gt; with finding the same root based words doesn't work if there is an alternation of vowels in the root.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt; Here is the list of alternation vowels roots with o/a inside:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;з&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;р – з&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;р&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;кл&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;н – кл&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;н&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;тв&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;р – тв&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;р&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;л&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;г – л&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;ж&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have to write what you hear, if it is stressed, and &lt;strong&gt;o&lt;/strong&gt; otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;-------------------------------------------------&#xA;| загар огарок – [загАр, агАрак]                |&#xA;| загорел горелый [загар'Эл, гар'Элый]          |&#xA;-------------------------------------------------&#xA;| кланяться поклон [клАнитса, паклОн]           |&#xA;| наклонять склонение [наклан'Ат', склан'Энийэ] |&#xA;-------------------------------------------------&#xA;| тварь творчество [твАр', твОрчиства]          |&#xA;| творить растворять [ тварИт', раствар'Ат']    |&#xA;-------------------------------------------------&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another one list of alternation vowels is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;раст&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ращ&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;рос&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;-----------------------------------------------------------------&#xA;| А (before СТ, Щ)   -раст- / -ращ-  возраст    [вОзраст]       |&#xA;|                                    растить    [растИт']       |&#xA;|                                    выращивать [вырАщ'иват']   |&#xA;|                                    приращение [пр'иращЕн'ийе] |&#xA;| О (in other cases) -рос-           заросли    [зАрасл'и]      |&#xA;|                                    вырос      [вЫрас]         |&#xA;| ---------------------------------------------------------------&#xA;| Exceptions:   росток, ростовщик, Ростов, отрасль, Ростислав   |&#xA;|----------------------------------------------------------------&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt; Another confusing case is a connecting vowel between roots. Word can be composed of two different ones.&#xA;In this case you always have to write &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;, because there is no connecting vowel &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&#xA;сам&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;лёт, пар&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;ход, тепл&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;воз, красн&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;-зелёный, жёлт&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;-оранжевый (compound colors always are written with dash)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt; Also if the word has been borrowed from another language (French, German or English for example) it usually follows transliteration rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;оппонент&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; that sounds like [апан'Энт] &amp;lt;–&gt; &quot;&lt;strong&gt;opponent&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;лотерея&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; [латэр'Эйа] &amp;lt;–&gt; &quot;&lt;strong&gt;lottery&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;монитор&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; [ман'итОр] &amp;lt;–&gt; &quot;&lt;strong&gt;monitor&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;D&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Or the unstressed vowels can be presented in a suffixes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&#xA; - &quot;воровать&quot; [варавАт']&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The root here is '&lt;strong&gt;вор&lt;/strong&gt;'(rubber), '&lt;strong&gt;ова&lt;/strong&gt;' is a suffix and '&lt;strong&gt;ть&lt;/strong&gt;' – ending of the verb infinitive form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ruwiki/667499&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; you can find some basic suffixes in Russian. They are written as they are without modification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;E&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Furthermore o/a can exist within prefixes. There are about 70 prefixes in Russian language. Some of them change during some rules. You can check them &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;подобрать [падабрАт'] (to pick up) Here the prefix is подо- (пада doesn't exist), -бр- is the root, -ать is the infinitive verb ending&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;разослать [разаслАт'] (to send out)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6165" LastEditorUserId="6165" LastEditDate="2015-11-05T08:00:14.257" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T08:00:14.257" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="499" CreationDate="2015-10-28T14:05:26.617" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Все зависит от конкретных обязанностей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.&#xA;В семье:&#xA;- &quot;Нянь&quot; - шутливо.&#xA;- &quot;Няня-мужчина&quot; - официально. Если этот мужчина занимается еще и воспитанием детей (а не только уходом за ними), то &quot;гувернёр&quot;, &quot;воспитатель&quot;, &quot;няня-воспитатель&quot;. Если кроме ухода за детьми занимается работой по дому - &quot;горничный&quot;, &quot;домработник&quot; (наиболее официально), &quot;эконом&quot;.&#xA;- &quot;Слуга&quot; - уничижительно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В детском саду: &quot;воспитатель&quot;, &quot;работник детского сада&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.&#xA;&quot;Санитар&quot;, &quot;медбрат&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6199" LastEditorUserId="6199" LastEditDate="2015-10-28T14:22:32.140" LastActivityDate="2015-10-28T14:22:32.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11046" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-28T16:23:15.140" Score="3" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have read this sentence:&#xA;&quot;&lt;em&gt;какие професии &lt;strong&gt;наиболее&lt;/strong&gt; востребованы?&lt;/em&gt;&quot;,&#xA;which translates &#xA;&quot;Which jobs are the most needed?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so here &quot;the most (+ adjective)&quot; is rendered with &lt;em&gt;наиболее&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My problem is: to translate &quot;the most...&quot; I have always said &lt;strong&gt;&quot;самый + adjective&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I am confused. Why did they use &lt;em&gt;наиболее&lt;/em&gt;? &#xA; Could it be possibile to write here &lt;em&gt;&quot;самые востребованы&quot;&lt;/em&gt;? Are they interchangable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, how can I make a form similar to наиболее with other adjecives?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4892" LastEditorUserId="4892" LastEditDate="2015-10-28T16:51:08.223" LastActivityDate="2015-10-28T18:19:14.813" Title="difference between наиболее and самый + adjective" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11046" CreationDate="2015-10-28T16:51:58.733" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Неправильно - &quot;Самые востребованы&quot;.&#xA;Правильно - &quot;Самые востребованные&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Why did they use наиболее?&quot;&#xA;Я не знаю и никто не знает. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Excuse my English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6200" LastActivityDate="2015-10-28T16:51:58.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11046" CreationDate="2015-10-28T17:16:22.067" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;An adjective (or an attributive pronoun like &quot;самый&quot;) is not used to modify a &lt;strong&gt;short version&lt;/strong&gt; of an adjective or participle like &quot;&lt;em&gt;востребован&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;болен&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;бел&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, etc.  Olny &lt;strong&gt;an adverb&lt;/strong&gt; would do.  An adverb can, of course, modify the full form of the same adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;весёлый&lt;/strong&gt; -- &lt;em&gt;самый&lt;/em&gt; весёлый, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;but&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;весел&lt;/strong&gt; -- &lt;em&gt;предельно&lt;sub&gt;adverb&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; весел (cannot say &lt;em&gt;самый весел&lt;/em&gt;, but can say &lt;em&gt;предельно&lt;/em&gt; весёлый)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;глупый&lt;/strong&gt; -- &lt;em&gt;самый&lt;/em&gt; глупый, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;but&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;глуп&lt;/strong&gt;  -- &lt;em&gt;неописуемо&lt;sub&gt;adverb&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; глуп (cannot say &lt;em&gt;самый глуп&lt;/em&gt;, but can say &lt;em&gt;неописуемо&lt;/em&gt; глупый)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-28T17:16:22.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11046" CreationDate="2015-10-28T17:22:37.047" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I have always said &quot;самый + adjective&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two forms of superlative in Russian: simple (using suffixes &lt;em&gt;-айш-&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;-ейш-&lt;/em&gt;, and, optionally, the prefix &lt;em&gt;наи-&lt;/em&gt;) and complex one. To form a complex superlative you also have a couple of variants using either: &lt;em&gt;самый&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;наиболее&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;наименее&lt;/em&gt; + adjective/participle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet what you have here is &lt;em&gt;the short form&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;востребованы&lt;/em&gt;), which prohibits the usage of the adjective &lt;em&gt;самый&lt;/em&gt;. That is the possible combinations are: &lt;em&gt;наиболее востребованные&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;наиболее востребованы&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;самые востребованные&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-10-28T18:19:14.813" LastActivityDate="2015-10-28T18:19:14.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11046" CreationDate="2015-10-28T17:44:15.407" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, наиболее is a bit more formal than самый. In terms of meaning I would say they're interchangeable. &#xA;Anyway, keep in mind that наиболее is an adverb, while самый is an adjective, so the latter must be declined.&#xA;The two possible options are: 1. наиболее востребованы 2. самы&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; востребован&lt;strong&gt;ные&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: I'm not Russian, so it might not be 100% correct :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6201" LastActivityDate="2015-10-28T17:44:15.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11051" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11052" CreationDate="2015-10-29T04:11:30.720" Score="4" ViewCount="1918" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я слышал разные способы сказать &quot;класс&quot; или &quot;круто&quot;, но не знаю, как правильно использовать их и когда они уместны. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пацанский подгон&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ништяк&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Угарчик&quot; (по-моему, это была шутка)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Классно&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Знаете ли Вы какие-нибудь дополнительные способы выразить это чувство?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5932" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-07-12T13:52:09.727" LastActivityDate="2016-07-12T13:52:09.727" Title="Синонимы &quot;класс&quot; и &quot;круто&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11051" CreationDate="2015-10-29T07:53:32.603" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Подгон&lt;/em&gt; на жаргоне означает &quot;подарок, подношение&quot;. То есть выражение &quot;пацанский подгон&quot; можно понять как &quot;&lt;em&gt;достойный подарок&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;подарок, достойный настоящего мужчины&quot; (&lt;em&gt;пацан&lt;/em&gt; на жаргоне - это что-то вроде macho, bro и т.п.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ништяк&lt;/em&gt; - это довольно многозначное слово. Помимо &lt;em&gt;круто / cool&lt;/em&gt; вполне может использоваться и в смысле &quot;&lt;em&gt;ценная вещь&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;особая привилегия&quot; и т.п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Угар&lt;/em&gt; (так же как и &lt;em&gt;прикол&lt;/em&gt;) означает &lt;em&gt;веселье&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;смех&lt;/em&gt; (fun). В принципе, разница между &quot;весело&quot; и &quot;круто&quot; (fun vs cool) существует, но иногда о ней просто забывают ;-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Класс&lt;/em&gt; - слово явно со &quot;школьными&quot; корнями. Лично я его воспринимаю как несколько облегчённую версию &quot;&lt;em&gt;круто&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, но, на самом деле, оба слова весьма распространены и встречаются буквально повсюду. Пытаться найти между ними какие-то различия, это примерно то же самое, что выяснить, чем отличается &lt;em&gt;cool&lt;/em&gt; от &lt;em&gt;awesome&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кроме указанных слов есть ещё масса других, которые можно использовать для выражения &quot;сильных и светлых&quot; чувств, наподобие &lt;em&gt;чума&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;отпад&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;зашибись&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;балдёж&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;клёво&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;вот это тема&lt;/em&gt; и пр. и пр. Но вообще, жаргон всегда и везде признак социальной субкультуры. Так что если есть желание ограничиться наиболее обычными формами, приемлемыми для большинства граждан, то это &lt;em&gt;класс / классно&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;круто&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-29T07:53:32.603" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11053" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11055" CreationDate="2015-10-29T14:23:54.980" Score="9" ViewCount="982" Body="&lt;p&gt;I stumbled upon Nikolaych, which I assume is a short form of Nikolayevich.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Do all Russian patronymics have such forms? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is there a simple rule to form them? Please give examples.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How are they used in real life? Only when addressing someone or also in written?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6204" LastActivityDate="2015-10-29T20:00:38.787" Title="How are the short forms of Russian patronymics formed?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11053" CreationDate="2015-10-29T15:47:30.103" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the father's name ends in &lt;em&gt;-й&lt;/em&gt; (like &lt;em&gt;Андре&lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Серге&lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Тимофе&lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Никола&lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, etc.), the masculine form of the patronymic ends in an unstressed &lt;em&gt;-евич&lt;/em&gt; [jɪvɪtʃ], e.g. &lt;em&gt;Андреевич&lt;/em&gt; [ənˈdrejɪvɪtʃ]. In this case in the colloquial language this &lt;em&gt;-евич&lt;/em&gt; [jɪvɪtʃ] can be shortened/reduced to &lt;em&gt;-[й]ич&lt;/em&gt; [(j)ɪtʃ] with the final &lt;em&gt;-й&lt;/em&gt; of the father's name dropping out or not, depending on the speaker, so&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Андреевич&lt;/em&gt; [ənˈdrejɪvɪtʃ] &amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;Андре[й]ич&lt;/em&gt; [ənˈdre(j)ɪtʃ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Николаевич&lt;/em&gt; [nɪkəˈlɑjɪvɪtʃ] &amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;Никола[й]ич&lt;/em&gt; [nɪkəˈlɑ(j)ɪtʃ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the father's name ends in another consonant (like &lt;em&gt;Степа&lt;strong&gt;н&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Кири&lt;strong&gt;лл&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Вади&lt;strong&gt;м&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, etc.), then the masculine form of the patronymic ends in an unstressed &lt;em&gt;-ович&lt;/em&gt; [əvɪtʃ], e.g. &lt;em&gt;Степанович&lt;/em&gt; [stɪ'pɑnəvɪtʃ]. In this case in the colloquial language this &lt;em&gt;-ович&lt;/em&gt; [əvɪtʃ] can be shortened/reduced to &lt;em&gt;-ыч&lt;/em&gt; [ɨtʃ], so&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Степанович&lt;/em&gt; [stɪ'pɑnəvɪtʃ] &amp;gt;  &lt;em&gt;Степаныч&lt;/em&gt; [stɪ'pɑnɨtʃ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кириллович&lt;/em&gt; [kɪ'riləvɪtʃ] &amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;Кирилыч&lt;/em&gt; [kɪ'rilɨtʃ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This, however, does not apply to some names, e.g. although &lt;em&gt;Оле&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; ends in a consonant, you can hardly hear somebogy saying &lt;em&gt;*Олегыч&lt;/em&gt;, since the sound combination &lt;em&gt;гы&lt;/em&gt; is normally not found in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;em&gt;Петрович&lt;/em&gt; has no reduced form, since &lt;em&gt;Пётр&lt;/em&gt; is a monosyllabic name and the suffix &lt;em&gt;-ович&lt;/em&gt; is stressed in it, so it cannot be reduced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And some names have irregular colloquial patronymics mentioned by &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/6131/schullz&quot;&gt;Schullz&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/5008/user4419802&quot;&gt;user4419802&lt;/a&gt; in the comments to the question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Алексáндрович&lt;/em&gt; &amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;Сáныч&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Михáйлович&lt;/em&gt; &amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;Михáлыч&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пáвлович&lt;/em&gt; &amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;Пáлыч&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-10-29T15:47:30.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11053" CreationDate="2015-10-29T16:06:52.603" Score="13" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Do all Russian patronymics have such forms?&lt;/em&gt; No. For example, Ilyich and Petrovna are never reduced.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Is there a simple rule to form them?&lt;/em&gt; What you took for short forms are merely phonetic reductions. Therefore, they are formed by some kind of a natural process. When unstressed, elaborate suffixes such as &lt;em&gt;-yevich&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-ovich&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-yevna&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-ovna&lt;/em&gt; are reduced, the ultimate forms being &lt;em&gt;-ich&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt; often being slightly iotified), &lt;em&gt;-ych&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-na&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-vna&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Andre&lt;s&gt;yev&lt;/s&gt;ich&lt;/em&gt;-&gt;&lt;em&gt;Andreich&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Ivan&lt;s&gt;ov&lt;/s&gt;ich&lt;/em&gt;-&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ivanych&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Ivan&lt;s&gt;ov&lt;/s&gt;na&lt;/em&gt;-&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ivanna&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Nikola&lt;s&gt;yev&lt;/s&gt;na&lt;/em&gt;-&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nikolavna&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reductions may affect the stem of the word: &lt;em&gt;Mikha&lt;s&gt;i&lt;/s&gt;l&lt;s&gt;ov&lt;/s&gt;ich&lt;/em&gt;-&gt;&lt;em&gt;Mikhalych&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Andre&lt;s&gt;ye&lt;/s&gt;vna&lt;/em&gt;-&gt;&lt;em&gt;Andrevna&lt;/em&gt;. Name and patronymic of someone you're quite familiar with often form a tightly coupled compound which is pronounced as if it were a single word with stress on the name, heavily reduced: &lt;em&gt;Mikha&lt;s&gt;i&lt;/s&gt;l Ivan&lt;s&gt;ov&lt;/s&gt;ich&lt;/em&gt;-&gt;&lt;em&gt;Mikhalyvanych&lt;/em&gt;, or even &lt;em&gt;Mikhalvanch&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Mar&lt;s&gt;ya&lt;/s&gt; Ivan&lt;s&gt;ov&lt;/s&gt;na&lt;/em&gt;-&gt;&lt;em&gt;Marivanna&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sounds that fall out may not vanish entirely. In fact, when they do so, it is perceived as something somewhat coarse and rustic; however, between good friends that may be a sign of cordiality, reproach etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;How are they used in real life?&lt;/em&gt; Clear articulation of unstressed &lt;em&gt;-yevich&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-ovich&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-ovna&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;-yevna&lt;/em&gt; is done only to help someone with spelling. Otherwise they are reduced even in formal context. &lt;em&gt;-ich&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;-inichna&lt;/em&gt; are always stressed and therefore pronounced quite clearly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Only when addressing someone or also in written?&lt;/em&gt; Original forms of names and patronymics are almost always retained in writing (except for example when the writer wants to give a character's speech a kind of uneducated touch). There are also some special usages. For example, &lt;em&gt;Marivanna&lt;/em&gt; is an archetypal teacher often appearing in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_jokes#Vovochka&quot;&gt;Vovochka jokes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2284" LastEditorUserId="2284" LastEditDate="2015-10-29T20:00:38.787" LastActivityDate="2015-10-29T20:00:38.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11056" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-29T19:06:35.340" Score="3" ViewCount="1180" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find it difficult to understand how to translate some english expression you use to &quot;link&quot; sentences, in order to make your language more fluent.&#xA;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ok let's meet tomorrow at 9... &lt;strong&gt;By the way&lt;/strong&gt;, you can ask your friends if they want to join us&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;blablabla(long speech going on)...&lt;strong&gt;anyway&lt;/strong&gt;, let's cut this boring conversaion, I want to show you my new car&quot; --&gt; change of topic&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I forgot to buy the cake. It doesn't do much good, &lt;strong&gt;anyway&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can each of these sentences be translated in russian? Please provide me with some variants (if they exist) of &lt;em&gt;formal/informal&lt;/em&gt; kind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4892" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T09:00:14.403" Title="How to translate &quot;by the way&quot; and &quot;anyway&quot;: linker expressions" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11056" CreationDate="2015-10-29T20:00:07.973" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The usual translation of &quot;&lt;em&gt;by the way&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кстати&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;к слову&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;между прочим&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usual phrase used where an English speaker would use &quot;&lt;em&gt;anyway&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;как бы то ни было&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or any other introductory phrase or word, like, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ну&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ну что же&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Ok let's meet tomorrow at 9... &lt;strong&gt;By the way&lt;/strong&gt;, you can ask your friends if they want to join us&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would be&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Ладно, давайте встретимся завтра в 9...  &lt;strong&gt;Кстати&lt;/strong&gt;, вы можете спросить своих друзей, не хотят ли они к нам присоединиться.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the sentence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Anyway&lt;/strong&gt;, let's cut this boring conversaion, I want to show you my new car.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would be&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Ну,&lt;/strong&gt; давайте прекратим эту пустую болтовню, я хочу вам свою новую &quot;тачку&quot; показать.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-29T20:00:07.973" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11059" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11060" CreationDate="2015-10-30T05:16:31.233" Score="6" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why in the following sentence we use&#xA;&lt;code&gt;было&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;был&lt;/code&gt;, since we're talking about the husband? (Муж in this case).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Жена́ не выходи́ла из свои́х ко́мнат, му́жа тре́тий день не бы́ло до́ма.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English: &lt;em&gt;The wife did not leave her own room, the husband had not been at home for three days.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to follow an audiobook without worrying about grammar, but trying also to 'confirm' what i already know (or thought i knew lol).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6153" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T09:11:49.920" Title="Verb was with masculine noum" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11060" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11059" CreationDate="2015-10-30T06:47:44.647" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is so called &lt;strong&gt;impersonal sentence&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;безличное предложение&lt;/em&gt;). In your case the main member of the sentence is expressed with a negative form of the predicate (&lt;em&gt;не было&lt;/em&gt;) in combination with a noun in the genitive (&lt;em&gt;мужа&lt;/em&gt;). Here the emphasis is on the &lt;strong&gt;absence&lt;/strong&gt; of the husband (&lt;em&gt;There was no husband at home&lt;/em&gt;), while &quot;муж не был дома&quot; tells us about &lt;strong&gt;non-attendance&lt;/strong&gt; of the husband (&lt;em&gt;The husband was not at home&lt;/em&gt;). Verbs in impersonal sentences come in the form of neuter gender, singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Personal affirmative sentences, nominative case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я дома&lt;/em&gt; - I am home&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я был дома&lt;/em&gt; - I was home&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я буду дома&lt;/em&gt; - I will be home&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Impersonal negative sentences, genitive case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Меня нет дома&lt;/em&gt; - I am not home, there is not me in the house, the house is &quot;empty&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Меня не было дома&lt;/em&gt; - I was not home, there was not me...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Меня не будет дома&lt;/em&gt; - I will not be home, there will not be me...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personal negative sentences, nominative case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я не дома&lt;/em&gt; - I am not home, I am in some other place&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я не был дома&lt;/em&gt; - I was not home, I didn't visit it (as a fact of visiting)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я не буду дома&lt;/em&gt; - I will not be home, I will not visit it (as a fact of visiting)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5389" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-10-30T09:11:49.920" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T09:11:49.920" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11056" CreationDate="2015-10-30T07:29:06.337" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;By the way&lt;/strong&gt; usually corresponds to &lt;strong&gt;кстати&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;By the way&lt;/strong&gt;, you can ask your friends if they want to join us --&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Кстати&lt;/strong&gt;, ты можешь пригласить своих друзей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anyway&lt;/strong&gt; can be different depending on context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anyway&lt;/strong&gt;, let's cut this boring conversation --&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Ладно&lt;/strong&gt;, давай оставим этот скучный разговор (or maybe simply &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ладно&lt;/em&gt;, хватит об этом&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It doesn't do much good, &lt;strong&gt;anyway&lt;/strong&gt; --&gt; А, &lt;strong&gt;всё равно&lt;/strong&gt; это ни к чему (or maybe &lt;em&gt;Всё равно&lt;/em&gt; бе́з толку)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-10-30T07:35:17.720" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T07:35:17.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11062" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11056" CreationDate="2015-10-30T09:00:14.403" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;by the way = между прочим, кстати&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;anyway = в любом случае&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T09:00:14.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11064" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11068" CreationDate="2015-10-30T17:58:01.727" Score="1" ViewCount="125" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to write a letter in russian. I am new to this language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;...,юлди всё ещё посылают телеграммы своим родственникам друзьям&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does this mean...my guess is &quot;..their relatives and friends&quot; but I am a little uncertain about the conjugation. Is it because the chain of words is controlled by a feminine noun that in dative and that the reason why the words ends in -им -ам and -ям?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6210" LastEditorUserId="6210" LastEditDate="2015-10-30T18:48:42.907" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T18:53:30.510" Title="Please explain this expression" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11065" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-30T17:58:38.843" Score="1" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a beginner at Russian, interest triggered by the availability of masses of old Russian scores at IMSLP. (So the first words I learnt were для, хора, фортепиано, оркестра and others in the genitive!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, I have learnt three words already for &quot;piano&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;фортепиано : as in Сюита для двух фортепиано -- what it says in scores&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пианино : &quot;upright piano&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;рояль : &quot;grand piano&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Today I found this dialog, which says that people at a music school learn пианино...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sp8hXo9HdpE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sp8hXo9HdpE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the question is: in ordinary conversation, how do I refer to the instrument I play? (Which is an upright at home, but a grand when I have the chance...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks for any help&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6187" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T18:46:30.803" Title="Words for &quot;piano&quot;" Tags="&lt;музыка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11065" CreationDate="2015-10-30T18:35:48.337" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пианино&quot; and &quot;рояль&quot; are two kinds of &quot;фортепиано&quot;. The 1st one has vertical string set, the 2nd one - horizontal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the answer is: say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Фортепиано&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in the general case, and &quot;пианино&quot; and &quot;рояль&quot; when you talk about these specific kinds of &quot;фортепиано&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я умею играть на фортепиано&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У меня дома есть пианино&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я вернулся с концерта - за роялем был мой любимый исполнитель!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5389" LastEditorUserId="5389" LastEditDate="2015-10-30T18:46:30.803" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T18:46:30.803" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11064" CreationDate="2015-10-30T18:40:32.940" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two consecutive datives have no sense. Should be a comma or &quot;and&quot; between them, just like in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Свой&lt;/em&gt; is a reflexive pronoun. It may mean &lt;em&gt;my&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;your&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;their&lt;/em&gt; or whatever depending on context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T18:40:32.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11064" CreationDate="2015-10-30T18:42:43.050" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Something is missing between the second and the third word in the expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;...своим родственникам друзьям&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is a phrase that has two nouns (родственникам, друзьям) and one (reflexive possessive) pronoun which you correctly identified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The case is Dative, which answers the question &quot;to whom&quot; or &quot;for whom&quot; (not a simple translation of course, in Russian it's &quot;кому&quot;).  All words are in the dative case, as if you &quot;give&quot; them something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Roman points out, a conjunction 'и' might be missing, or a comma (to make it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;...своим родственникам и друзьям&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;...своим родственникам, друзьям&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T18:42:43.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11064" CreationDate="2015-10-30T18:53:30.510" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, according to the context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;... &lt;strong&gt;люди&lt;/strong&gt; всё ещё посылают телеграммы своим родственникам &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; друзьям&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may be translated as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;...people still send telegrams to their relatives and friends.&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5389" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T18:53:30.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11070" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-30T19:17:49.350" Score="3" ViewCount="103" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the pharse &quot;в последнее время во многих почтовых отделениях начали открывать.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в последнее -&gt; &quot;Lately&quot; appears to be set in accusative, direct object referring to time and if I remember correctly is often appears efter &quot;B&quot; like the locative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;во многих почтовых отделениях&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It appears to me that it is pluralis with locative but the difficult part..is the &quot;во&quot; that sets the words in locative pluralis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6210" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-01T11:46:25.157" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T11:46:25.157" Title="Questions about a sentence, accusative with twist" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11071" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11078" CreationDate="2015-10-30T19:24:44.767" Score="4" ViewCount="249" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am using a book that is a little confusing. I have tried the translate machines and got some garbage back so I am asking the Experts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word, пункт, what does it refer to?&#xA;Could a пункт be a bigger department store or the small stores and outlets one find inside and just outside the subway in Moscow?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example was request. Enclosing two examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Также есть государственные пункты на некоторых станциях метро.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) В Москве и в Санкт-Петербурге есть довольно много обменных пунктов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо большое&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6210" LastEditorUserId="5582" LastEditDate="2015-11-01T21:15:55.180" LastActivityDate="2015-11-02T07:31:16.087" Title="Explain the word пункт?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11072" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11074" CreationDate="2015-10-30T19:30:15.270" Score="1" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am curious about the word &quot;доступ&quot;, can it be used for any kind of access like mobile phone, internet, physical access to an entrance or parking space?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо большое&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6210" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T20:06:42.217" Title="Please explain the word &quot;доступ&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11074" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11072" CreationDate="2015-10-30T20:06:42.217" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you can use that word to indicate any kind of access:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У тебя есть &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;доступ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; в интернет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Do you have access to Internet?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы были заперты в комнате без &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;доступа&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; к телефону.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;We were locked in the room without access to a telephone.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Конфеты лежали на верхней полке, вне &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;доступа&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; малышей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Sweets lay on the top shelf, inaccessible to toddlers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T20:06:42.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11070" CreationDate="2015-10-30T20:21:29.227" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;в последнее время во многих почтовых отделениях начали открывать.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, &quot;&quot;в последнее время&quot; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; assusative.  You can encounter it without a preposition, too, with the same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;во многих почтовых отделениях&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The preposition &quot;во&quot; is the same as preposition &quot;в&quot;, and acquires the extra vowel when used before words starting with multiple consonants or with letter &quot;в&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;во времена...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  во многих...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  во праве (although 'в праве' can also be used)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes in poetry it replaced the preposition 'в' because the rhythm calls for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Во глубине сибирских руд / храните гордое терпенье ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, no, the preposition does not dictate the plural vs singular.  And, yes, in this instance it's &lt;em&gt;prepositional case&lt;/em&gt;.  &quot;Почтовые отделения&quot; do not have a form of locative different from prepositional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T20:21:29.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11070" CreationDate="2015-10-30T20:21:36.253" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В последнее время&lt;/em&gt; is in Accusative. &quot;В&quot; is used with either Accusative or Prepositional case. Here you have Accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Во&lt;/em&gt; is just the same as &lt;em&gt;В&lt;/em&gt;. It's used to avoid spelling too many consecutive consonants, as it would have been otherwise: &quot;&lt;em&gt;вмн&lt;/em&gt; огих&quot;. No more magic here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T20:21:36.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11071" CreationDate="2015-10-30T20:34:34.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Пункт&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; here seems to refer to a [usually small] currency exchange office or branch (&quot;обменный пункт&quot; = &quot;пункт обмена валюты&quot;).  You can probably call it &quot;kiosk&quot;, but it's probably beefier than, say, a kiosk that sells public transportation tickets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-10-30T20:34:34.727" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11079" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-30T22:21:16.460" Score="1" ViewCount="1225" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно писать вне-игровой, внеигровой или вне игровой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6212" LastActivityDate="2015-10-31T02:11:19.450" Title="Как правильно писать вне-игровой, внеигровой или вне игровой" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11079" CreationDate="2015-10-31T02:11:19.450" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Проверка - можно ли убрать &quot;игровой&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если нет - то слитно: &quot;У него ещё были внеигровые успехи.&quot;&#xA;Если да - раздельно: &quot;Вне игровой ситуации у нас совершенно другие ощущения.&quot; Потому что слово &quot;игровой&quot; можно перенести: &quot;Вне ситуации (которая игровая)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastActivityDate="2015-10-31T02:11:19.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4602" CreationDate="2015-10-31T02:44:37.307" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вот: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Frequency_lists#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Frequency_lists#Russian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Или вот: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Frequency_lists/Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Frequency_lists/Russian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6213" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2015-10-31T11:56:38.647" LastActivityDate="2015-10-31T11:56:38.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11071" CreationDate="2015-10-31T10:54:34.770" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;пункт = &lt;em&gt;point&lt;/em&gt; in various senses (but &lt;em&gt;neither&lt;/em&gt; in geometry, nor punctuation of numbers or words, nor in the phrase &lt;em&gt;&quot;What's your point?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, nor the verb/participle &quot;to point&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it may mean&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a place on the map such as a city or town. Idiom &lt;em&gt;населенный пункт&lt;/em&gt; means any settlement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a point of departure or arrival (cf. also &lt;em&gt;пункт назначения&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a small place where people do some task staying in place (distribute things, exchange currency, collect scrap - &lt;em&gt;пункт обмена валюты&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;пункт приёма металлолома&lt;/em&gt; and so on)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a checkpoint or a small police office (&lt;em&gt;контрольно-пропускной пункт&lt;/em&gt; aka &lt;em&gt;КПП&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;опорный пункт&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;an item in a list, a numbered paragraph.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-11-02T07:31:16.087" LastActivityDate="2015-11-02T07:31:16.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11084" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11085" CreationDate="2015-10-31T11:42:41.200" Score="6" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have a question about a sentence I am working on (see below). What I am a &#xA;little puzzled about is the: &quot;пункты на некоторых страницах метро.&quot; in &#xA;the sentence: &quot;Также есть государственные пункты на некоторых страницах метро.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does this mean and is there a real life link?&#xA;Can this be translated into that the offices are located in some subway exits or entrances?&#xA;How would you as russian speaker interpret &quot;на некоторых страницах метро.&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6214" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-03-23T01:51:34.037" LastActivityDate="2016-03-23T01:51:34.037" Title="Meaning of &quot;На некоторых страницах метро&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11084" CreationDate="2015-10-31T11:51:58.387" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an obvious typo there, it should be &quot;на &lt;em&gt;станциях&lt;/em&gt; метро&quot; - 'at the metro stations', not &quot;на страницах метро&quot; which has no meaning at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-10-31T11:51:58.387" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11070" CreationDate="2015-10-31T11:55:26.703" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Spatial&quot; &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; takes the prepositional while &quot;temporal&quot; &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; takes the accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;во&lt;/strong&gt; has nothing to do with it; the reason for it (and for those extra Оs on prepositions in general) is that the late-medieval sound shift that eliminated ultra-short vowels ignored word boundaries between a preposition and the following word. Thus medieval Russian &lt;strong&gt;въ мъногыхъ&lt;/strong&gt; was affected, as if it were a single word, by the law that required that when you had two ultra-short syllables in a row, only the second vowel disappeared, and the first one became full-length (same as why you have &lt;strong&gt;сон &amp;lt; сънъ&lt;/strong&gt; but &lt;strong&gt;сна &amp;lt; съна&lt;/strong&gt;). It occurs highly inconsistently in modern Russian, but tends to survive with very common words such as &lt;strong&gt;многие&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;все&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-10-31T11:55:26.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11089" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-10-31T15:34:11.210" Score="2" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just interesting, but how would you translate the idea behind 'make my/your point?' Maybe &quot;Я высказался?&quot; (I've had my say.) Or also, when you see what someone is trying to do or convey, maybe with a little bit of frustration and you say, &quot;Alright, you've made your point.&quot; Meaning, 'you've expressed what you wanted to express, let's move on.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-10-31T19:46:23.393" Title="How to translate 'make your point?'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11089" CreationDate="2015-10-31T15:46:01.497" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Point&quot; in this context can be translated as &quot;точка зрения&quot; , so one can say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну что же, это твоя точка зрения. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also say &quot;высказался&quot;, but better as rhetoric question &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всё, высказался?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastEditorUserId="4833" LastEditDate="2015-10-31T15:58:27.247" LastActivityDate="2015-10-31T15:58:27.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11089" CreationDate="2015-10-31T17:14:33.367" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Maybe &quot;Я высказался?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, maybe &lt;em&gt;У меня всё&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;Я всё сказал&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;Я закончил&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Alright, you've made your point&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mentor tone: &lt;em&gt;Хорошо, я тебя услышал&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aggressive: &lt;em&gt;Всё сказал?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-10-31T17:14:33.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11089" CreationDate="2015-10-31T19:46:23.393" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no exact concept like this, it breaks down into several concepts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;abstract idea (&lt;code&gt;высказать свою точку зрения&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;articulating the point (e.g. &lt;code&gt;высказаться&lt;/code&gt; this is less abstract without &lt;code&gt;точка зрения&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;having heard someone (&lt;code&gt;выслушать&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;понять&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general you can say &quot;everybody can make a point&quot; &gt; &quot;Каждый может высказать точку зрения.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If someone wanted to make a point and says: &quot;At least I made my point.&quot; It should translate as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но я хотя бы высказался.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to say  &quot;You made your point, let's move on,&quot; it will be like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хорошо, мы тебя поняли/выслушали. [Но...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastActivityDate="2015-10-31T19:46:23.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11093" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-01T01:09:34.137" Score="2" ViewCount="152" Body="&lt;p&gt;Somebody told to me that &quot;I saw a cat, that night&quot; translated to &quot;я видел кошку, ту &lt;strong&gt;ночью&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, but I do not understand why &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ночь&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; becomes &lt;strong&gt;ночью&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5898" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T19:50:47.487" Title="Why does &quot;та ночь&quot; become &quot;ту ночью&quot;, in &quot;I saw a cat, that night&quot;?" Tags="&lt;окончания&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11093" CreationDate="2015-11-01T01:56:57.143" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ту ночью&quot; is ungrammatical. It should be either &lt;strong&gt;той ночью&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;в ту ночь&lt;/strong&gt;. And no comma is needed. And it's more natural to put it before &lt;strong&gt;я видел кошку&lt;/strong&gt;. Or, more colloquially, between &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;видел&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T01:56:57.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11095" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11096" CreationDate="2015-11-01T05:51:21.203" Score="5" ViewCount="387" Body="&lt;p&gt;I started learning Russian about a month ago. I'm a native Brazilian Portuguese speaker, but i'm using English as a 'base' language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think i'm doing well. I've used this one month period just to break that initial barrier: phonetics, pronouns, verbs and a basic vocabulary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now that i'm 'ready' to start learning the language, i'm trying to organize things and avoid losing time. What i'm doing now is basically listening and reading along, then checking the English translation. It's working, but i'm feeling that the vocabulary gain is not that great, so i ask:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What if i do my own translations, then adjust it with the reference one? Has anyone here tried this at beginner level?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm afraid this will not work so well with Russian: i still find it hard to read, and the case system is a problem too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When i was learning English, i would listen to the old Metallica albums while following the lyrics and trying to match what the guy was screaming. Then later i would translate the entire song to Portuguese. This translation part was &lt;strong&gt;very&lt;/strong&gt; effective to learn new words and general structures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com.br/url?q=http://www.kalbos.ktu.lt/index.php/KStud/article/download/%25201469/2164&amp;amp;sa=U&amp;amp;ved=0CBwQFjACahUKEwitpcnW--_IAhULgpAKHXP0CnQ&amp;amp;sig2=MbE88_hEVjIg6viABWZRxQ&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNEIbPZnB_Voy0sfRozVEsQCOHOOFA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This paper&lt;/a&gt; also seems to point that translation is very effective to increase vocabulary. I'm happy to hear comments, suggestions. Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6153" LastEditorUserId="6153" LastEditDate="2015-11-03T05:38:45.307" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T17:50:09.487" Title="The value of translation at a beginner level" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;обучение&gt;&lt;other-languages&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-11-16T20:18:07.520" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11095" CreationDate="2015-11-01T08:22:28.243" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;i'm using English as a bridge&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using bridges brings too many problems. You could improve your English, but break up your Russian. Better not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I've used this one month period just to break that initial barrier&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe it's too early. You should be able at least to read and interpret &quot;textbook-level&quot; excerpts about one page long. Anyway, no one believes that learning grammar could be avoided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Listening-reading-speaking using short transcripts (for which i have the correct English translation)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, that's a matter of taste. For me, personally, the most interesting thing is &quot;to catch and feel&quot; rather than &quot;to translate&quot;. That is,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Take what you're really interested in. Do not worry if it's too complicated and/or long. You may even start from the poetry, if you want. Though the latter is the right way of getting a brain trauma.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Do not use ready translations. Do not read the text you've read in the translation earlier. Only finding something new on your own may keep your interest.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Never skip unknown words: looking up into the dictionary every time is tedious, yet it's the only way to fill in your vocabulary. Also, try to find all the common idioms - that's really helpful.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Do skip the sentences you absolutely can't understand. Don't stay in one place too long, but move on. It's enough, if you see the overall sentence's structure and are able to follow the plot. Do not damage your brain by too much thinking.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does one get of this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Self-confidence. Just finishing a textbook is nothing. But if you could apply your knowledge and to do something on your own, be it talking to foreign people, or reading the foreign texts, you would have that sweet feeling that &quot;now everything's possible&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Good (or at least moderate) vocabulary. No textbook helps you with this.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Listening to the language &quot;on the edge&quot;. No one can truly love a foreign language, yet one may have a high respect for it. Still, that's only possible if one has seen for what it's worth. Otherwise it would be no more than a toy.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-11-01T11:23:31.577" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T11:23:31.577" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11097" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11100" CreationDate="2015-11-01T09:20:13.730" Score="3" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that for animate objects the third person plural pronoun is &lt;strong&gt;их&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Ты знаешь Мишу и Катю? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Нет, я &lt;strong&gt;их&lt;/strong&gt; не знаю.  ( &lt;em&gt;Нет, я &lt;strong&gt;этих людей&lt;/strong&gt; не знаю.&lt;/em&gt; )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I am not sure if we use the same pronoun when talking about inanimate objects:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Ты знаешь Лондон и Нью-Йорк? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Нет, я &lt;strong&gt;их&lt;/strong&gt;(?) не знаю. ( &lt;em&gt;Нет, я &lt;strong&gt;этих городов&lt;/strong&gt; не знаю.&lt;/em&gt; )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do we use the same pronoun in both cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6217" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T15:55:27.113" Title="Third Person Plural Pronoun for Inanimate Objects in Accusative Case" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;&lt;местоимения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11098" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11102" CreationDate="2015-11-01T09:24:09.223" Score="1" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wanted to walk into a russian grocery store (there is one in my neighborhood) and ask if they sell квас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a good approach when walking into a small store and asking for something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would: Добрый день or Здравствуйте be more suitable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Followed by:&#xA;Скажите пожалуйста, Вы продаете квас?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6218" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-01T12:13:36.193" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T12:13:36.193" Title="Asking for a grocery in russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11097" CreationDate="2015-11-01T09:59:09.767" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both are possible, though the second pair is wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Ты знаешь Лондон?&lt;/em&gt;&quot; means &quot;&lt;em&gt;How well&lt;/em&gt; do you know the city of London?&quot;, so the right answer would be, for example, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Совсем&lt;/em&gt; не знаю&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also consider that spoken habit of omitting pronouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q: Ты знаешь Мишу и Катю?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   A: Нет, не знаю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T09:59:09.767" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11097" CreationDate="2015-11-01T10:13:43.920" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &lt;strong&gt;они&lt;/strong&gt; has the accusative &lt;strong&gt;их&lt;/strong&gt; for both animate and inanimate. (Your intuition is correct about there being a &quot;missing&quot; inanimate form; it was supplanted by the animate one and went extinct. Had it survived, it would've been &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; or, confusingly, &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T10:13:43.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11098" CreationDate="2015-11-01T10:14:52.263" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Здравствуйте&lt;/strong&gt; is a time independent greeting, while &lt;strong&gt;Добрый день&lt;/strong&gt; literally means &quot;good day&quot;, and fit more for daylight time. Also, you can say just &quot;здрАсти&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Asking about some goods the easiest way is to say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;У вас есть&lt;/strong&gt;...?&quot;, meaning &quot;Do you have... ?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example dialogue: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Здрасти! У вас есть квас?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Конечно, сколько вам кваса?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Два литра, пожалуйста.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;С вас 100 рублей.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5389" LastEditorUserId="5389" LastEditDate="2015-11-01T10:25:26.117" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T10:25:26.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11098" CreationDate="2015-11-01T10:17:20.323" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Would: Добрый день or Здравствуйте be more suitable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, both OK, except sometimes people may also omit any greeting, as this is not a true &quot;personal&quot; communication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Followed by: Скажите пожалуйста, Вы продаете квас?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Better to say: Скажите, пожалуйста, &lt;em&gt;у вас есть&lt;/em&gt; квас?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that you may omit &quot;Скажите, пожалуйста&quot; too, yet in any case you should keep at least one &quot;polite&quot; phrase per speech, e.g.: &quot;Добрый день! У вас есть квас?&quot; is OK, but the sole &quot;У вас есть квас?&quot; may sound impolite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-11-01T10:24:26.917" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T10:24:26.917" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11093" CreationDate="2015-11-01T13:25:51.040" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mentioning a period of time when something is happening you have to use &lt;code&gt;творительный падеж&lt;/code&gt;. &quot;Ночью&quot; is that form of &quot;ночь&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я работаю днём (&quot;днём&quot; - творительный падеж от &quot;день&quot;) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы встретились вечером (&quot;вечером&quot; - творительный падеж от &quot;вечер&quot;) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Зимой у нас очень холодно (&quot;зимой&quot; - творительный падеж от &quot;зима&quot;) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T13:25:51.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11097" CreationDate="2015-11-01T15:55:27.113" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is usually OK to speak of cities, etc. using &quot;их&quot;. But in case of answering a question &lt;strong&gt;it depends&lt;/strong&gt; on the form of that question. In your second example, the question doesn't include the word &quot;города&quot; (e.g. &quot;такие города как&quot;),  to which &quot;их&quot; in the answer would refer. So an extended answer (as opposed to &quot;нет, не знаю&quot;) to that question should use something like &quot;&lt;em&gt;этих городов&lt;/em&gt;&quot; as you wrote in brackets, rather than &quot;их&quot;. However, in case there IS &quot;города&quot; in the question, you can surely use &quot;их&quot; in the answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; — Ты знаешь города Лондон и Нью-Йорк?    — Нет, я их не знаю.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&quot;их&quot; refers to &quot;города&quot;, not to city names)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;— Ты знаешь такие города как Лондон и Нью-Йорк?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA; &lt;code&gt;— Нет, таких не знаю. (— Нет, я их не знаю.)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;— Ты знаешь Лондон и Нью-Йорк? — Нет, этих городов я не знаю.&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;(The short form: Нет, не знаю.)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, generally you need some additional context to perfectly use &quot;их&quot; when speaking of city names: that pronoun typically replaces 'cities', not their names. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T15:55:27.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11093" CreationDate="2015-11-01T19:50:47.487" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The instrumental case is used when something happens during one of the following periods of time: утро, день, вечер, ночь, зима, весна, лето, осень.  Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Прошлой весной мне исполнилось четыре года. (Last spring I turned 4 years old.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Зимой я выхожу на пенсию. (This winter I retire from work.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ночью надо спать, а не дрочить. (At night you/one should sleep, not masturbate.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Есть ночью вредно. (It is unhealthy to eat at night.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You cannot do this with other time intervals.  The following examples are WRONG!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Прошлой средой Маша ездила в ресторан с друзьями и ужралась в хлам. (Correctly: в прошлую среду Маша ездила в ресторан с друзьями и ужралась в хлам.  &quot;Ужралась в хлам&quot; is a colloquial phrase meaing &quot;got very drunk&quot;.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Следующим годом я научусь правильно говорить по-русски. (Correctly: в следующем году я научусь правильно говорить по-русски.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-11-01T19:50:47.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11107" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-02T04:02:09.413" Score="3" ViewCount="311" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference in meaning between these two words and how does their usage differ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-11-04T23:54:09.657" Title="Difference between 'слишком' и 'чересчур'?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11107" CreationDate="2015-11-02T07:18:32.583" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, the difference is in negative form:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;em&gt;Он не слишком умён&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;He's silly&lt;/em&gt;. Yet negative &lt;em&gt;не чересчур&lt;/em&gt; is almost never used except questions: &lt;em&gt;А не чересчур ли он умён?&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &lt;em&gt;с лишком&lt;/em&gt; literally means &lt;em&gt;with excess&lt;/em&gt;, so if written as a whole &lt;em&gt;слишком&lt;/em&gt; is an adverb, but separate &lt;em&gt;с лишком&lt;/em&gt; is a noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The etimology of &quot;&lt;em&gt;чересчур&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is much more vague. First of all, of course, &lt;em&gt;чересчур&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;через чур&lt;/em&gt;, but what is &lt;em&gt;чур&lt;/em&gt;, anyway?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Certainly, we have the word &lt;em&gt;чур&lt;/em&gt; as a part of &quot;a guard spell&quot; against the evil: &lt;em&gt;чур меня!&lt;/em&gt; Also consider the verb &lt;em&gt;чураться&lt;/em&gt; (to keep away, to shun). Still it helps a little, because &lt;em&gt;the meaning&lt;/em&gt; of it is unknown. One option could be, for example, &lt;em&gt;Чур / Щур&lt;/em&gt; (cf. &lt;em&gt;Пращур&lt;/em&gt;) = &lt;em&gt;Ancestor&lt;/em&gt; (so &lt;em&gt;Чур меня!&lt;/em&gt; means smth. like &lt;em&gt;Ancestors [defend] me!&lt;/em&gt;), but Vasmer dictionary gives this as &quot;unlikely&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another point is that &lt;em&gt;чур меня!&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;чересчур&lt;/em&gt; may be not related in any way. Vasmer says that the word &lt;em&gt;Чур&lt;/em&gt;, meaning a kind of &lt;em&gt;Limit&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Bar&lt;/em&gt;, is to be &lt;em&gt;reconstructed from&lt;/em&gt; the word &lt;em&gt;Чересчур&lt;/em&gt;. Personally I know only one appearance of the word &lt;em&gt;чур&lt;/em&gt; in this sense: &lt;em&gt;Чуры не знать&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;To have no limits&lt;/em&gt; (especially when someone eats too much). But it's a dialectal expression, and I'm not sure if &lt;em&gt;чересчур&lt;/em&gt; is really related to &lt;em&gt;чуры не знать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-11-03T08:03:56.740" LastActivityDate="2015-11-03T08:03:56.740" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11095" CreationDate="2015-11-02T10:26:25.447" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't really understand the question, but I think the key to learning (any) language is realising that you have to learn to understand and think, and then speak (or read-write, of course) in the language you are learning. Translation is a much harder job to do, and is not the key to understanding at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do you mean by &quot;bridge&quot;? If for example there is much more material available with explanations in English, then by all means use it, but I can't see that there is any intrinsic value in this. When I started on Russian (a little while ago) I found it frustrating that English language materials were so slow, because they were frightened of explaining grammar, so for a while I was using a course in Italian -- they can just say работать: работаю работаешь работает работаем работаете работают... &quot;just like lavorare: lavoro lavori lavora lavoriamo lavorate lavorono&quot; (and wow, it's close! particularly if you know the Latin endings that degenerated into the Italian ones)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry, this is not much of an answer, but there are so many questions here (and on the Japanese language forum just the same) which say &quot;I am working on translation&quot;, rather than &quot;I am trying to understand this&quot;. It's very depressing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6187" LastActivityDate="2015-11-02T10:26:25.447" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11107" CreationDate="2015-11-02T12:20:41.020" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чересчур&lt;/strong&gt; is one of those words that don't &lt;em&gt;sound&lt;/em&gt; bookish, and yet you're radically less likely to hear it in everyday speech compared to &lt;strong&gt;слишком&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Чересчур&lt;/strong&gt; just isn't the word you'd immediately think of when seeking to express the idea of excess. But when you do hear it, it sounds perfectly natural and plain, &quot;oh yeah, that's a word too.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also I feel subjectively that &lt;strong&gt;слишком&lt;/strong&gt; is more, as it were, focused. All other things being equal (i.e. discounting the abovementioned general likelihood to think of &lt;strong&gt;слишком&lt;/strong&gt; as a word choice before you think of &lt;strong&gt;чересчур&lt;/strong&gt;), you're more likely to pick &lt;strong&gt;слишком&lt;/strong&gt; over &lt;strong&gt;чересчур&lt;/strong&gt; if you think you can more or less point to the exact measure, or the exact cause, of the perceived excess. &lt;strong&gt;Чересчур&lt;/strong&gt; is more of a &quot;dunno, there's just too much of this here thing.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, &lt;strong&gt;это уже слишком&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;now that's enough!&quot; makes you sound annoyed or angry while &lt;strong&gt;это уже чересчур&lt;/strong&gt;  is a more laid-back &quot;now that would be going too far&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-11-02T12:20:41.020" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11112" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11114" CreationDate="2015-11-02T16:46:05.187" Score="2" ViewCount="80" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need your help with this. I am learning this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How to respond to: &quot;как ваше имя?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;имя is средний род. Would that mean that I can respond with: Moё имя: Дженни?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо большое&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6225" LastActivityDate="2015-11-02T16:54:21.483" Title="притяжательные местоименные moй/moя/moё/moи" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11112" CreationDate="2015-11-02T16:54:12.623" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can hardly meet such a phrase &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Как ваше имя?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, it is rarely used in modern Russian. Rather, it would be &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Как вас зовут?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and you can answer &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Меня зовут Дженни.&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Talking about the possessive adjectives and pronouns, yes, with &lt;strong&gt;имя&lt;/strong&gt; we use &lt;strong&gt;моё&lt;/strong&gt;, neuter gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5389" LastActivityDate="2015-11-02T16:54:12.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11112" CreationDate="2015-11-02T16:54:21.483" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How to respond to: &quot;как ваше имя?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can either answer as you proposed, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;моё&lt;/strong&gt; имя Дженни&quot; (which would be a full answer), or you could provide a short answer, &quot;Дженни&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not a common question, however.  The more common would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как Вас зовут?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to which you respond using the same form, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;меня&lt;/strong&gt; зовут Дженни&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-11-02T16:54:21.483" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11107" CreationDate="2015-11-03T11:56:24.357" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I tried to compare translations, I'd say that '&lt;em&gt;слишком&lt;/em&gt;' is '&lt;em&gt;too&lt;/em&gt;' and '&lt;em&gt;чересчур&lt;/em&gt;' is like '&lt;em&gt;too much&lt;/em&gt;' or '&lt;em&gt;more than enough&lt;/em&gt;'. For instance: '&lt;em&gt;Он слишком умный&lt;/em&gt;' = '&lt;em&gt;He is too smart&lt;/em&gt;' and '&lt;em&gt;Он чересчур умный&lt;/em&gt;' is 'He is smart more than enough'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Btw, with '&lt;em&gt;smart&lt;/em&gt;' expressions above sound a bit depreciatingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1833" LastActivityDate="2015-11-03T11:56:24.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11116" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-03T20:53:22.283" Score="4" ViewCount="520" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a sign language that can I find for Russian ? I am interested in how it compare with American Sign Language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="492" LastActivityDate="2015-11-06T10:49:14.260" Title="Russian Sign Language" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11116" CreationDate="2015-11-03T21:08:44.720" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of course Russian has a sign language. You can look for &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Русский жестовый язык&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Сурдоперевод&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in the internet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Start, say, from &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5389" LastEditorUserId="5389" LastEditDate="2015-11-04T18:52:52.457" LastActivityDate="2015-11-04T18:52:52.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11107" CreationDate="2015-11-04T19:56:51.477" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слишком is too serious while чересчур is only slighly disapproving as if you were approving it in essense or in the deep of your mind or it is generally a good property, just here it is unusually excessive. Like in the case of playing children:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы слишком шумите! - You are producing too much noise, reduce it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы чересчур шумите! - Your noise is excessive. Even though I like it&#xA;  and think you essentially have the right to do it, it can be annoying&#xA;  for other people around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У вас слишком большой рост. - Your height is too large. You do not fit&#xA;  in the requirements. It is unlikely you will pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У вас чересчур большой рост. - Large height is good in general, and I&#xA;  like(we look for) specifically tall people but I am a little concerned about yours&#xA;  because it may be excessive. Nevertheless, we can give you a try.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-11-04T23:54:09.657" LastActivityDate="2015-11-04T23:54:09.657" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11120" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11123" CreationDate="2015-11-04T21:03:02.803" Score="5" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can желание and охота  both be used as a synonym for the word 'desire' or do they differ slightly? If I'm not mistaken, sometimes охота appears to mean more like 'inclination.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T08:40:52.433" Title="Difference between 'желание' и 'охота'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11121" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11122" CreationDate="2015-11-04T22:38:13.297" Score="6" ViewCount="403" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Modest&quot; is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modest&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;common Russian name&lt;/a&gt;, most famously known as the name of the composer &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mussorgsky&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the etymology of this name have any relationship to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&amp;amp;search=modest&amp;amp;searchmode=none&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;English/Latin etymology&lt;/a&gt; of the word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4882" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T03:55:14.993" Title="Etymology of the name &quot;Modest&quot; (Модест)" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11122" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11121" CreationDate="2015-11-04T23:08:19.493" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not a surprising answer but yes, it does. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/personal_names/1583&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt;'s a link to academic source on Модест.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.behindthename.com/name/modest&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt;'s an English link, which is not academic, but well, this is true :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are at least two saints, both of them are recognized by the Russian Orthodox Church. One is мученик (martyr) Модест, the other one is святитель Модест. It never was very popular in Russia but earlier, like in 19th century, it definitely was at least more popular than now. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it actually was used more in Polish-Russian families rather than in families without Polish/Polish Jewish roots. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-05T03:55:14.993" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T03:55:14.993" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11120" CreationDate="2015-11-04T23:22:14.347" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Желание&quot; is a noun which you can use with a possessive pronoun or as a subject of an &quot;I have...&quot; clause:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Самое большое &lt;strong&gt;моё желание&lt;/strong&gt; на данный момент - согреться и поесть.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  У меня есть тайное &lt;strong&gt;желание&lt;/strong&gt; дать начальнику хороший подзатыльник.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And although 'охота' is a noun, you can't use it interchangeably with 'желание' in those sentences.  To express desire with 'охота' you would use the impersonal form&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мне/тебе/ему/ей/нам/вам/им &lt;strong&gt;охота&lt;/strong&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;similar, if you look, at expressions describing feelings or emotions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мне/тебе/ему/ей/нам/вам/им &lt;strong&gt;тепло&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;смешно&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;кажется&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to use &quot;охота&quot; as an inclination, favoritism, then it's &lt;em&gt;never abstract&lt;/em&gt;, but always supplied with an object in genitive with the preposition &quot;до&quot; or dative with the preposition &quot;к&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я как есть тоже имею сильную &lt;strong&gt;охоту до&lt;/strong&gt; рыбной ловли...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Сколь отменна была его &lt;strong&gt;охота к&lt;/strong&gt; наукам и &lt;strong&gt;ко&lt;/strong&gt; всему человечеству полезным знаниям,... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;охота&quot; is akin to verb &quot;хотеть&quot;, so whatever degrees of desire can be expressed by &quot;хотеть&quot;, can also apply to &quot;охота&quot;, and additional modifiers can be used with it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Уж &lt;strong&gt;больно&lt;/strong&gt; мне &lt;strong&gt;охота&lt;/strong&gt; посмотреть,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И &lt;strong&gt;охота&lt;/strong&gt; тебе сейчас...  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interesting to note that with the word &quot;охота&quot; either &quot;было&quot; or &quot;была&quot; can be used for past tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;было&lt;/strong&gt; охота прочитать про все:...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Охота тебе &lt;strong&gt;была&lt;/strong&gt; с ним связываться!  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;As far as the difference in meaning, I think &quot;&lt;em&gt;охота&lt;/em&gt;&quot; has more of an &lt;em&gt;unconscious desire&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;driven by instinct or habit&lt;/strong&gt; rather than organized thought.  That's why one of the meanings of &quot;&lt;em&gt;охота&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is the state in which females of some species (e.g. dogs) are most sexually receptive, &quot;estrus&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-11-04T23:22:14.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11124" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11127" CreationDate="2015-11-05T05:21:57.367" Score="2" ViewCount="1198" Body="&lt;p&gt;В самом конце рассказа Чехова &quot;Лошадиная фамилия&quot; есть выражение, которое я никак не могу понять.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Накося&lt;/em&gt;!- сказал генерал с презрением и поднес к лицу его два кукиша.- Не нужно мне теперь твоей лошадиной фамилии! &lt;em&gt;Накося&lt;/em&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что значит ‹‹накося››?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5932" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-11-05T06:48:34.320" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T07:47:40.423" Title="Что значит ‹‹Накося›› в" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11125" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11126" CreationDate="2015-11-05T06:07:35.713" Score="7" ViewCount="10341" Body="&lt;p&gt;Обычно, слово &quot;человек&quot; в множественном числе будет &quot;люди&quot;, &quot;людей&quot;, &quot;людям&quot; и т.д. Но иногда встречается со словами &quot;человеки&quot;, &quot;человекам&quot; и т.д. В каких контекстах они употребляются?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="197" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2021-03-02T08:57:43.470" LastActivityDate="2021-03-02T08:57:43.470" Title="В каких контекстах употребляются слова &quot;человеки&quot;, &quot;человекам&quot;, и т. д.?" Tags="&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11125" CreationDate="2015-11-05T06:20:34.997" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Судя по &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA#.D0.A1.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D1.81.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B0&quot;&gt;странице&lt;/a&gt; в викисловаре, &quot;человеки&quot; - это устаревший вид множественного числа.&#xA;Также такая форма употребляется для придания ироничного, нарочито странного оттенка фразе (&quot;все мы люди, все мы человеки&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6227" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T06:20:34.997" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11124" CreationDate="2015-11-05T07:02:16.157" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Накося&lt;/em&gt; (или &lt;em&gt;накось&lt;/em&gt;) это то же, что и просто междометие &quot;&lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (бери, получай, take that!) с двумя суффиксами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чаще всего &lt;em&gt;накося&lt;/em&gt; употребляется в сочетании &lt;em&gt;накося выкуси&lt;/em&gt; (на что собственно намекают и контекст, и жест, сделанный героем рассказа). &lt;em&gt;Накося выкуси&lt;/em&gt; обыкновенно означает &lt;em&gt;не получишь&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;даже не мечтай&lt;/em&gt; и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подлинный смысл выражения должен быть достаточно понятен, если уделить больше внимания сопровождающему его жесту. Кстати, в английском языке есть более-менее близкий аналог: &lt;em&gt;bite me!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-11-05T07:47:40.423" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T07:47:40.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11125" CreationDate="2015-11-05T13:22:26.797" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется, в основном, &quot;человеки&quot; употребляется когда надо подчеркнуть что речь идет именно о людях (не об инопланетянах (рептилоиды, зеленые человечки и т.д.), не о фентезийных расах (эльфы, гномы и иже с ними) и не о ком-нибудь еще).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Часто используется когда говорящий не позиционирует себя как человека (например говорит от имени кота)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T13:22:26.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="941" CreationDate="2015-11-05T15:20:18.960" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Положим, что ткну пальцем в небо, но всё же рискну предположить, что &lt;em&gt;впервые&lt;/em&gt; это всего лишь &lt;em&gt;в первые [ряды]&lt;/em&gt;, по аналогии с &lt;em&gt;вперворяд&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;вдругорядь&lt;/em&gt; и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если же учесть и форму женского рода &lt;em&gt;рядь&lt;/em&gt; (есть у Даля), то становится возможным и &lt;em&gt;впервыя&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-11-05T15:20:18.960" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11132" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="941" CreationDate="2015-11-06T07:17:03.260" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;All you need is just to find some pre-reform sources, and better to find some scan copies. For example &lt;a href=&quot;http://amnesia.pavelbers.com/Starinnie%20izdanija.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; or a least re-typed books like &lt;a href=&quot;http://imwerden.de/cat/modules.php?name=books&amp;amp;pa=last_update&amp;amp;cid=90&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://imwerden.de/pdf/vyazemsky_pozdnie_stixotvoreniya.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this PDF document&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;(from the 2nd mentioned source)&lt;/em&gt; we can find a word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;впервые&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы мыслить и писать затѣяли &lt;strong&gt;впервые&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Съ Бѣлинскимъ: до него былъ вамъ дремучій мракъ.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Прекрасно! У меня жъ учители другіе,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И до него еще я мыслилъ кое-какъ.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  П.А. Вяземский &lt;strong&gt;1861&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5389" LastActivityDate="2015-11-06T07:17:03.260" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11116" CreationDate="2015-11-06T10:49:14.260" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian has its own sign language, and I can share a textbook of it, in Russian, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mediafire.com/download/b2acb0d6uv6faq3/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Гейльман И.Ф., «Знакомьтесь: ручная речь», Москва, «Загрей», 2001&lt;/a&gt;, 2 MB.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-11-06T10:49:14.260" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11134" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11136" CreationDate="2015-11-06T11:49:14.317" Score="8" ViewCount="1263" Body="&lt;p&gt;В программировании (как наверняка многие здесь знают) есть понятие &quot;класс&quot; и &quot;дочерний класс&quot;, но более логично называть последнее &quot;подклассом&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И по мимо этого есть понятие интерфейс. До сих пор я его его дочерний вариант писал только по-английски как subinterface. А тут нужно написать по-русски и я завис.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Варианты:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Подинтерфейс&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Подъинтерфейс&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Подынтерфейс&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Все выглядят как-то неправильно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2311" LastEditorUserId="2311" LastEditDate="2015-11-06T13:04:05.113" LastActivityDate="2016-11-08T12:07:39.387" Title="Дочерний интерфейс: подъинтерфейс, подинтерфейс, или подынтерфейс?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="11" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11134" CreationDate="2015-11-06T11:58:12.917" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;em&gt;подынтерфейс&lt;/em&gt;, similar to &lt;em&gt;подынтервал&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;подынтегральный&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal, 33:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;После приставок, оканчивающихся на согласную, вместо &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; пишется &lt;em&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt; в соответствии с произношением, например: &lt;em&gt;играть – подыграть, разыграть, сыграть; искать – отыскать, подыскать, разыскать: идейный – безыдейный; индукционный – безындукционный; интегральный – подынтегральный; исторический – предысторический; июльский – предыюльский.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this rule is only valid for Slavic prefixes except &lt;em&gt;сверх-&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;меж-&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;суперигра&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сверхидея&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;межинтервальный&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-11-06T13:09:32.843" LastActivityDate="2015-11-06T13:09:32.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11134" CreationDate="2015-11-06T13:53:00.730" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Приставки, оканчивающиеся на согласную, для целей правописания можно разделить на &quot;исконно русские&quot; и &quot;заимствованные&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;После &quot;русских&quot; приставок, таких как &lt;em&gt;пред-&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;под-&lt;/em&gt; и пр. пишется буква &lt;em&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt;, например &lt;em&gt;предыстория&lt;/em&gt;. Но после &quot;заимствованных&quot;, к примеру, &lt;em&gt;суб-&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;супер-&lt;/em&gt; и пр. нужно писать &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;, например, &lt;em&gt;суперинтендант&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Исключениями являются приставки &lt;em&gt;сверх-&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;меж-&lt;/em&gt; (например, &lt;em&gt;сверхискренний&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;межинститутский&lt;/em&gt;), а также глагол &lt;em&gt;взимать&lt;/em&gt; (ср. &lt;em&gt;взыграть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;взыскать&lt;/em&gt; и т.п.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом, правильно будет &lt;strong&gt;субинтерфейс&lt;/strong&gt; или &lt;strong&gt;подынтерфейс&lt;/strong&gt;, но никак иначе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-11-06T14:01:12.190" LastActivityDate="2015-11-06T14:01:12.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11137" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-06T15:07:26.190" Score="6" ViewCount="415" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильна ли грамматически фраза &quot;Она учит русский язык&quot;. Тут - &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/9546/use-of-dative-after-%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C-etc&quot;&gt;Use of Dative after учить etc&lt;/a&gt; - &#xA;прилагательное &quot;русский&quot; склоняется. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5874" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-11-07T00:30:42.420" Title="&quot;Она учит русский язык&quot; или &quot;Она учит русскому языку?&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11137" CreationDate="2015-11-06T15:27:06.087" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;“Учить” can mean ‘to teach’, but also it can mean ‘to learn, to study’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it means ‘to teach’, it is usually followed by two objects, an Accusative object (the person being taught), and a Dative one (the subject taught):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She teaches me the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она учит меня (Acc.) русскому языку (Dat.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When “учить” means ‘to learn, to study’, it is followed by just one Accusative object which names the subject studied:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She studies the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она учит русский язык (Acc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Taking this into account, you can see that the sentence “Она учит русский язык.” is absolutely correct from the point of view of the Russian grammar. The point is, since “русский язык” is an obvious name of a subject, and it is in the Accusative case, that sentence can only be translated as “She &lt;em&gt;studies/learns&lt;/em&gt; the Russian language”, but definitely not “She &lt;em&gt;teaches&lt;/em&gt; the Russian language”, the use of the cases after that verb defines whether it means ‘to teach’ or ‘to learn, to study’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-11-06T15:27:06.087" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11139" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11141" CreationDate="2015-11-06T18:33:43.187" Score="14" ViewCount="38994" Body="&lt;p&gt;Каков изначальный смысл пословицы &quot;С волками жить - по-волчьи выть&quot;? Я смотрю на разные источники в Интернете и замечаю, что они предлагают разные толкования заложенного в эту пословицу смысла. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть источники, которые считают, что эта пословица несет &lt;em&gt;рекомендательный&lt;/em&gt; смысл: если ты хочешь жить с волками, то лучше &lt;em&gt;старайся&lt;/em&gt; вести себя по-волчьи. В частности, пословица часто сопоставляется с выраженно рекомендательной английской &quot;When in Rome, do as the Romans do.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я лично всегда воспринимал смысл этой пословицы по-другому, как констатацию &lt;em&gt;объективной неизбежности&lt;/em&gt;: будешь жить с волками - &lt;em&gt;хочешь-не хочешь&lt;/em&gt;, но сам рано или поздно обязательно превратишься в волка. Есть источники, поддерживающие и эту точку зрения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как правильно заметил @Victor Bazarov в комментариях, наличествует еще и третий вариант интерпретации этой пословицы, основанный на использовании слова &quot;выть&quot; в значении &quot;страдать&quot;: будешь жить с волками - завоешь, хлебнешь горя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так каков же канонический смысл этой пословицы? Откуда она пошла?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="831" LastEditorUserId="831" LastEditDate="2015-11-06T23:49:49.997" LastActivityDate="2017-08-11T06:14:03.747" Title="&quot;С волками жить - по-волчьи выть&quot; - каков изначальный смысл пословицы?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;пословицы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11137" CreationDate="2015-11-06T18:58:40.283" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian language contains a number of verbs that have pronouncedly &lt;em&gt;transitive&lt;/em&gt; nature, yet don't mandate a specific direction of the associated action. In most cases the the direction can be deduced from the accompanying directional preposition, if any is present. In the absence of said preposition sometimes the only way to determine the direction is to analyze the surrounding context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One example of such verb, encountered quite often is &quot;вернуть&quot; (&quot;to return &quot;). For example, &quot;Алекс хочет вернуть эту книгу&quot; can mean that: 1) Alex has someone's elses book and wants to return it to the owner, or 2) someone else has Alex's book and Alex wants it back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &quot;учить&quot; is another example of the same thing. It can mean both &quot;to teach&quot; and &quot;to learn/to study&quot;. This verb does not accept a directional preposition, which often makes it difficult to figure out what is meant without context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The former meaning - &quot;to teach&quot; - can legally accept either an Accusative or Dative object. Meanwhile, the latter meaning - &quot;to learn/to study&quot; - requires Accusative object. This means that your first variant - “Она учит русский язык” - can mean both &quot;She studies Russian&quot; and &quot;She teaches Russian&quot;. Your second variant - “Она учит русскому языку” - is unambiguous and can only be interpreted as &quot;She teaches Russian&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many native Russian speakers perceive the ambiguous nature of such verbs as &quot;mildly objectionable&quot; (let's put it this way) and strive to make sure that their usage eliminates any chance of ambiguity. I.e. they'd avoid sentences like “Она учит русский язык” and rather say &quot;Она &lt;strong&gt;изучает&lt;/strong&gt; русский язык&quot; or &quot;Она &lt;strong&gt;преподает&lt;/strong&gt; русский язык&quot;. Your variant with Dative - “Она учит русскому языку” - sounds good as well, since this usage of Dative eliminates the ambiguity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="831" LastEditorUserId="831" LastEditDate="2015-11-07T00:30:42.420" LastActivityDate="2015-11-07T00:30:42.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11139" CreationDate="2015-11-06T23:31:50.703" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Коннотация неизбежности в этой пословице совершенно точно есть. На самом деле &quot;с волками жить - по волчьи выть&quot;, как это нередко бывает с подобного рода высказываниями - это всего лишь один из вариантов - самый известный, но были и другие, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Либо с волками выть, либо съедену быть.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Так и быть: с волками выть (&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/dahl_proverbs/14186/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;встречаем&lt;/a&gt; у Даля) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да, и, кстати, эта пословица упомянута у Даля в разделе &quot;Воля-Неволя&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что да, это не совсем про то, что нужно следовать каким-то правилам социума, а скорее про то, что если даже этот социум плох, придётся сосуществовать по его правилам. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-06T23:48:55.687" LastActivityDate="2015-11-06T23:48:55.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11142" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-07T06:00:09.650" Score="8" ViewCount="1690" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe this question is needlessly elementary, but I can't help but ask - Is there any difference between потому and поэтому either in terms of definition or usage? They both tend to be translated most often as 'therefore,' but is there any noteworthy difference in definition between them or something to note when one word is chosen over the other (for example a stylistic difference)? Any information about their respective etymologies would be interesting as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastEditorUserId="5201" LastEditDate="2015-11-07T06:06:26.707" LastActivityDate="2015-11-07T09:34:03.850" Title="Difference between 'потому' and 'поэтому?'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11142" CreationDate="2015-11-07T06:41:21.990" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not an elementary question at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is this: &lt;strong&gt;поэтому&lt;/strong&gt; presents the &lt;em&gt;consequence&lt;/em&gt; as the new and/or important part of the message, whereas &lt;strong&gt;потому&lt;/strong&gt; focuses more on the cause (&quot;and that was why...&quot;). That focus is very often strengthened by the &quot;emphatic&quot; pre-verbal &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На нём была куртка, поэтому я решил, что он зашёл с улицы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;He was wearing a jacket, so I thought he'd come in from outside.&quot; [And that led to something later in the story, or is just an aside.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На нём была куртка, &lt;strong&gt;потому&lt;/strong&gt; я &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; решил, что он зашёл с улицы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;He was wearing a jacket, and &lt;em&gt;that's&lt;/em&gt; why I thought he'd come in from outside.&quot; [&quot;Okay, I failed to spot a lurking criminal, but how was I supposed to know? He did put on a convincing act.&quot;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second example, &lt;strong&gt;поэтому я и решил&lt;/strong&gt; is also possible — and, in fact, more likely in the vernacular (where &lt;strong&gt;потому&lt;/strong&gt; is rarely used outside of &lt;strong&gt;потому что&lt;/strong&gt;, which is for all intents and purposes a different expression). But using &lt;strong&gt;потому&lt;/strong&gt; always gives you a more explicit focus on the cause rather than the consequence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the etymologies, they're very simple: the preposition &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; plus the dative of &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt;, respectively. Here, &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; carries its older meaning of &quot;after&quot; or &quot;following&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-11-07T06:41:21.990" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11142" CreationDate="2015-11-07T08:25:35.443" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Probably, the most clear &lt;em&gt;difference in usage&lt;/em&gt; is that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;поэтому&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; always follows the already expressed reason for something, while &quot;&lt;strong&gt;потому&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (unless it's a part of undivided &quot;&lt;em&gt;потому что&lt;/em&gt;&quot;) can precede it as well. E.g. you can't  use  &quot;поэтому&quot; in this sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я потому так поступил, что это мне велел начальник.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you can use either word in a sentence beginning with the explanation of reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Начальник это мне велел, и потому я это сделал (= поэтому я так и сделал).&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-11-07T08:25:35.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11142" CreationDate="2015-11-07T09:34:03.850" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I may be wrong but for me it sounds like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;это = this&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;то = that&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this is why:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;по&lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt;му = because of &lt;strong&gt;this&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;по&lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt;му = because of &lt;strong&gt;that&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also @Alex_ander's answer makes perfect sense for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5132" LastActivityDate="2015-11-07T09:34:03.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11146" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11147" CreationDate="2015-11-07T17:40:15.397" Score="1" ViewCount="134" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am trying to figure out the word: &quot;овощ&quot;, in genitive pl. and nominative pl., I have tried various other sources but the answers comes back as &quot;Word not found&quot; or something else that is not applicable. Can you please help?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Большое спасибо,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6242" LastEditorUserId="5915" LastEditDate="2015-11-07T19:29:39.787" LastActivityDate="2015-11-07T19:29:39.787" Title="The word: обощ, in gen. pl. and nom. pl?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11146" CreationDate="2015-11-07T18:55:26.820" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There well and truly is no such word. I'm guessing it's a misspelling (more of a typo or transliteration accident, really) of &lt;strong&gt;овощ&lt;/strong&gt;, which has nom. pl. &lt;strong&gt;óвощи&lt;/strong&gt; and gen. pl. &lt;strong&gt;овощéй&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD.&lt;/strong&gt; Oh! Dahl's dictionary actually &lt;a href=&quot;http://megabook.ru/article/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%89%20%E2%94%80%20%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%20%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%92.%D0%98.%20%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;does list&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;обощ&lt;/strong&gt; it as a southern dialectal form of &lt;strong&gt;овощ&lt;/strong&gt;. The endings would be the same (standardly, anyway; the respective dialect &lt;em&gt;might&lt;/em&gt; have been sufficiently Ukrainian-leaning to go for &lt;em&gt;обощов&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;обощев&lt;/em&gt;), and with the lot of dialectal levelling-out in the 20th century there's a high chance the form is extinct by now, or else surviving in a handful of villages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2015-11-07T19:11:29.903" LastActivityDate="2015-11-07T19:11:29.903" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11150" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11155" CreationDate="2015-11-08T22:15:38.993" Score="2" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;So there are two sets of verbs that seem to have very similar meanings, but also some slight differences. What separates these these pairs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;**1. подворачивать подвёртывать--- подворотить подвернуть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;заворачивать  завёртывать  ----  заворотить  завернуть**&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean how is заворачивать different from завёртывать, and how is заворотить different from завернуть? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The trend carries on for every pair— &lt;strong&gt;пере, раз, итд.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ворачивать, воротить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; pairs are misused in Russian sometimes. That is, they are used as synonyms for the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;вёртывать, ернуть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; pairs. Yet some dictionaries say that they should not be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between the sets &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;in general&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. I want a general answer not specifics of each verb. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-09T21:11:50.373" LastActivityDate="2015-11-09T21:11:50.373" Title="&quot;Подворачивать&quot; or &quot;подвёртывать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11150" CreationDate="2015-11-08T22:51:39.157" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, no real living breathing Russian speaker is likely to ever use &lt;strong&gt;подвёртывать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;подворотить&lt;/strong&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;заворотить&lt;/strong&gt;. There's some degree of free variation between &lt;strong&gt;заворачивать&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;завёртывать&lt;/strong&gt;, but the former is massively more common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I suppose the &lt;em&gt;-вёртывать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;-воротить&lt;/em&gt; ones can count as rare/obsolete at this point. Especially &lt;em&gt;-воротить&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-11-08T22:51:39.157" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11153" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11154" CreationDate="2015-11-09T01:43:35.323" Score="5" ViewCount="320" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently bought a copy of, &quot;The Grand Inquisitor&quot; and, after a few days, I noticed that the title of the book on front cover was written partially in cyrillic. &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qs6EW.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qs6EW.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Here is a photo of it. &quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Does the cyrillic on the front mean anything or is it just for aesthetic purposes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6250" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-10T03:57:04.090" LastActivityDate="2015-11-10T03:57:04.090" Title="&quot;The Grand Inquisitor&quot; book cover - what does cyrillic letters stand for?" Tags="&lt;литература&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11153" CreationDate="2015-11-09T01:52:36.580" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means nothing. It just reads &quot;The Grand Inquisitor&quot; in English with a few Cyrillic letters thrown in to replace English letters that they look vaguely similar to. This is an example of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faux_Cyrillic&quot;&gt;Faux Cyrillic&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For what it's worth, these are the letters used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;д - used for the &quot;a&quot; in &quot;grand&quot;, actually represents /d/&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и - used for the &quot;n&quot; in &quot;grand&quot;, actually represents /i/&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;б - used for the &quot;d&quot; in &quot;grand&quot;, actually represents /b/&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ф - used for the &quot;q&quot; in &quot;inquisitor&quot;, actually represents /f/&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5740" LastActivityDate="2015-11-09T01:52:36.580" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11150" CreationDate="2015-11-09T08:05:03.987" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;All these words share the common root, so you can't find any true general difference. It's about the history of vowel alternation and dialects, not about &quot;essential meaning&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given this, you have to have living language experience to say obsolete and/or rare form from normal one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I believe that &lt;em&gt;увёртываться&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;разворотить&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;развёртывать&lt;/em&gt; (as &lt;em&gt;deploy/develop&lt;/em&gt;, but not &lt;em&gt;unroll/unwrap&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;приворотить&lt;/em&gt; (as &lt;em&gt;bewitch/enchant&lt;/em&gt;) are normal; &lt;em&gt;своротить&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;наворотить&lt;/em&gt; are normally colloquial; &lt;em&gt;подвёртывать&lt;/em&gt; is a relatively rare colloquial substitute for &lt;em&gt;подворачивать&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;поворотить&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;заворотить&lt;/em&gt; are quite obsolete and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I doubt you can deduce anything &quot;generally useful&quot; from this, except &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; forms in &lt;em&gt;-вёртывать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;-воротить&lt;/em&gt; are obsolete and shouldn't be used in the modern spoken language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-11-09T10:42:47.257" LastActivityDate="2015-11-09T10:42:47.257" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11156" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11158" CreationDate="2015-11-10T19:09:55.397" Score="4" ViewCount="3041" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нужна ли запятая во фразах:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нам было(,) что показать.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;И он(,) собственно(,) прав.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-11-10T19:25:19.117" Title="Нужны ли запятые перед &quot;что&quot; и вокруг &quot;собственно&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11156" CreationDate="2015-11-10T19:21:56.683" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нам было что показать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нет, запятая не нужна, &quot;&lt;em&gt;было что показать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; - составное сказуемое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И он, собственно, прав.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нужны запятые, потому что здесь &quot;&lt;em&gt;собственно&lt;/em&gt;&quot; - вводное слово.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5915" LastActivityDate="2015-11-10T19:21:56.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11156" CreationDate="2015-11-10T19:25:19.117" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нам было что показать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal, 114.1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Запятая не ставится перед подчинительным союзом или союзным словом в составе неразложимых сочетаний, например: &lt;em&gt;сделать как следует&lt;/em&gt; (как полагается, как подобает), &lt;em&gt;выполнить как должно&lt;/em&gt; (как надо, как нужно), &lt;em&gt;хватать что подвернется, явиться как ни в чем не бывало, говорить что в ум взбредёт, добиваться во что бы то ни стало, приходить когда вздумается, спрятаться кто куда успел, не лезть куда не следует, ночевать где придется, делай что хочешь, бери что нравится, спасайся кто может, есть что дают, будь что будет, идти куда глаза глядят, живите как знаете, приглашу к себе кого пожелаю, заплатил Бог знает сколько, кричит что есть мочи, рассказать все как есть, выдумывали кто во что горазд, достать что нужно&lt;/em&gt; (но: &lt;em&gt;достать все, что нужно&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;черт знает что у них творится, городить черт знает что, поживиться чем можно, дать чего не жалко, картина чудо как хороша, страсть как интересно, ужас как трудно, беда как плохо.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И он, собственно, прав.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal, 99.5:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Запятыми выделяются вводные слова и словосочетания. Различается несколько основных групп вводных слов по их значению: … вводные слова, выражающие отношение к стилю речи, к характеру и способу изложения: &lt;em&gt;словом, одним словом, иными словами, другими словами, иначе говоря, коротко говоря, попросту сказать, мягко выражаясь, если можно так сказать, если можно так выразиться, с позволения сказать, лучше сказать, так сказать, что называется&lt;/em&gt; и др.: слова &lt;em&gt;собственно, вообще, вернее, точнее, скорее&lt;/em&gt; и т.п. являются вводными, если после них можно добавить слово &lt;em&gt;говоря&lt;/em&gt;. Например: &lt;em&gt;… Правление уполномочило его ускорить работы, то есть, иными словами, он сам себя уполномочил к этому (Куприн); А Клавдия ушла, вернее, убежала, смущенно укрыв шалью лицо (Ю. Лаптев);&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-11-10T19:25:19.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11159" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11161" CreationDate="2015-11-11T12:31:35.670" Score="5" ViewCount="296" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have found the following sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он делает салат.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они готовят суп.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она готовит десерт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my dictionary, &lt;code&gt;делать&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;do&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;make&lt;/code&gt; while &lt;code&gt;готовить&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;prepare&lt;/code&gt;. But how can I decide which to use to express these cooking situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5870" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-11-11T15:34:34.297" Title="How to decide whether to use &quot;делать&quot; vs &quot;готовить&quot; in cooking?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11159" CreationDate="2015-11-11T12:55:02.830" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In these cases they are interchangeable but you should bear in mind that &lt;em&gt;готовить&lt;/em&gt; in the sense of making is specific to food. And you can say the both ways about dishes but you cannot say &lt;em&gt;делает&lt;/em&gt; about raw products.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она готовит мясо. = She is cooking the meat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она делает мясо. = She is making the meat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is incorrect unless she is creating artificial meat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-11-11T14:42:11.353" LastActivityDate="2015-11-11T14:42:11.353" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11159" CreationDate="2015-11-11T14:02:19.940" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, there are quite a few terms for &lt;em&gt;specific&lt;/em&gt; cooking actions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кипятить&lt;/em&gt; -- to boil&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Варить&lt;/em&gt; -- to cook smth. in boiling water&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Жарить&lt;/em&gt; -- to roast&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Тушить&lt;/em&gt; -- to stew with steam&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Томить&lt;/em&gt; -- to stew without steam (i.e. on small fire)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Резать&lt;/em&gt; -- to chop&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Печь&lt;/em&gt; -- to bake&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  and so on&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So one may say, for example, &lt;em&gt;Он режет салат&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Они варят суп&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;em&gt;готовить&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;приготовить&lt;/em&gt;) is used for non-specific cooking action, just like &lt;em&gt;to cook&lt;/em&gt; in English. You may use it nearly everywhere, except very minor work. For example, &lt;em&gt;to make tea&lt;/em&gt; is usually &lt;em&gt;заварить чай&lt;/em&gt; not &lt;em&gt;приготовить чай&lt;/em&gt;, because making tea nowadays is rather primitive. Also by the same reason, warming up some half-stuff is &lt;em&gt;разогреть&lt;/em&gt; not &lt;em&gt;приготовить&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Делать&lt;/em&gt; (do, make) is an all-purpose tool which people may (and do) use as a substitute for &lt;em&gt;приготовить&lt;/em&gt; (to cook) too. But there are two points to note. First, try not to be ambiguous, as &lt;em&gt;делать&lt;/em&gt; + &lt;em&gt;raw food&lt;/em&gt; may refer to producing such food. Yet as usually it's obvious from the context, what you mean, it's just a minor issue. People fail in this ten times a day, so no problem. Second, the imperative &lt;em&gt;сделай&lt;/em&gt; is quite in use as an &lt;em&gt;order&lt;/em&gt; to prepare smth. (e.g. boss' saying &quot;make some coffee&quot; would be &quot;&lt;em&gt;сделай&lt;/em&gt; кофе&quot; in Russian). So sometimes you would rather choose the imperative &lt;em&gt;приготовь&lt;/em&gt; over &lt;em&gt;сделай&lt;/em&gt;, or at least add &lt;em&gt;пожалуйста&lt;/em&gt; (please).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-11-11T14:02:19.940" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11159" CreationDate="2015-11-11T14:03:40.737" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The use of these two words in Russian is very similar to that in English: &lt;em&gt;готовить&lt;/em&gt; is equivalent to &lt;em&gt;prepare&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;делать&lt;/em&gt; to &lt;em&gt;make&lt;/em&gt;. So you can say both &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она готовит десерт -- She is preparing the dessert&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Она делает десерт -- She is making a dessert&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However keep in mind that &lt;em&gt;готовить&lt;/em&gt; is used much more than &lt;em&gt;делать&lt;/em&gt; with respect to food. You are (probably always) safe when using the former but need to know exactly when the latter is OK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6262" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-11-11T14:07:19.090" LastActivityDate="2015-11-11T14:07:19.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11163" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11159" CreationDate="2015-11-11T15:34:34.297" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for me, the main difference is that &quot;приготовить&quot; takes more effort than &quot;сделать&quot;, so you will probably say &quot;сделать&quot; if it's something pretty simple (at least for you). Consequently, if you are talking about someone else, it's better to use &quot;готовить&quot; unless you are talking about really simple things (sandwiches, tea, coffee, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2015-11-11T15:34:34.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11167" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11168" CreationDate="2015-11-12T08:41:56.423" Score="1" ViewCount="332" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between несколько and много in your opinion and when are these two words used best (situation?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Большое спасибо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6265" LastActivityDate="2015-11-12T08:44:08.673" Title="What is the difference between несколько and много?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11167" CreationDate="2015-11-12T08:44:08.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Несколько&quot; means &quot;several&quot;, &quot;some&quot;, &quot;a few&quot;. &quot;Много&quot; means &quot;many&quot;, &quot;a lot&quot;. So the difference must be obvious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2015-11-12T08:44:08.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11169" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11170" CreationDate="2015-11-12T08:50:03.307" Score="2" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am novice to this forum and to the Russian language. Can you please explain how come the word проезда switches from про to the по- in поездку?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для &lt;em&gt;проезда&lt;/em&gt; в метро надо купить карточку то есть билет. Карточка на одну &lt;em&gt;поездку&lt;/em&gt; стоит пятнадцать рублей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Большое спасибо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6265" LastActivityDate="2015-11-12T09:00:12.400" Title="Question about why проезда to поездку?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11169" CreationDate="2015-11-12T09:00:12.400" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It doesn't. &lt;strong&gt;Проезд&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;поездка&lt;/strong&gt; are two different nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Проезд&lt;/strong&gt; is masculine, somewhat &quot;officialese&quot;, and refers to &quot;riding&quot; as a concept. It's also uncountable (in this meaning; not in its other one where it means &quot;thoroughfare&quot;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Поездка&lt;/strong&gt; is feminine, stylistically neutral, and means &quot;ride&quot; or &quot;trip&quot;. As such, it's countable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-11-12T09:00:12.400" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="709" CreationDate="2015-11-12T11:34:34.483" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The suffix &lt;em&gt;-та&lt;/em&gt; forms many derivations in standard Russian: a quick search brings up &lt;em&gt;высота, доброта, духота, кислота, краснота, красота, нагота, нищета, простота, полнота, прямота, пустота, сирота, слепота, суета, темнота, теснота, тошнота, частота, чистота,&lt;/em&gt; and some others from less standard strata of the language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since this suffix, originally from Church Slavonic, is not generally productive in modern Russian, new derivations using it have a distinctive non-standard, ironic ring to them. Many of these predate the Nomad example; e.g &lt;em&gt;лимита&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;наркота&lt;/em&gt; are from the second half of the last century. &lt;em&gt;Скукота&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;сволота&lt;/em&gt; are, similarly, rather old, emphatically informal derivations. A comparable example in English would be using the (semantically very similar) suffix &lt;em&gt;-th&lt;/em&gt; (as in &lt;em&gt;length, warmth, mirth&lt;/em&gt;) to coin words such as &lt;em&gt;coolth&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;yumth&lt;/em&gt; for &quot;coolness&quot; and &quot;yumminess&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As @Aleks-G explains, the modern &quot;viral&quot; wave of &lt;em&gt;-та&lt;/em&gt;-derivations is from Nomad's reviews and his many imitators. &lt;em&gt;Школота&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;политота&lt;/em&gt; both belong to this new wave -- not derived from one another, but instead sharing the pattern for a non-standard, ironic derivation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6267" LastActivityDate="2015-11-12T11:34:34.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11172" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11173" CreationDate="2015-11-12T20:06:15.093" Score="2" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am novice when it comes to learning Russian. It is difficult but fun. I need you input and expertise on две фразы. What is &quot;в пять минyт&quot; and &quot;в два часa&quot; in this case? Would it be correct to say that they are Accusative?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Встретимться oколо &lt;strong&gt;Центрaльного телегрaфа&lt;/strong&gt; (G) в два часa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Электричка отправляется в пять минyт &lt;strong&gt;одиннадцатого&lt;/strong&gt; (G).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6270" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-11-13T14:04:36.177" LastActivityDate="2015-11-13T14:04:36.177" Title="Need help to class accusative" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11172" CreationDate="2015-11-12T21:09:03.607" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;два часа (singular genitive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;пять минут (plural genitive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2,3,4: singular genitive, e.g. три яблока, четыре окна, две рыбы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5,6,... plural genitive, e.g. семь яблок, восемь окон, десять рыб&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6271" LastActivityDate="2015-11-12T21:09:03.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11174" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11175" CreationDate="2015-11-13T08:52:19.577" Score="8" ViewCount="326" Body="&lt;p&gt;I encountered three different words to say &quot;lover&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My teacher said that &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;сожитель&lt;/strong&gt; has a negative connotation, it is rather &quot;plebish&quot;, but I don't actually understand what kind of bad connotation it has. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;фаворит&lt;/strong&gt;, as she said, is used for lovers of kings and queens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;любовник&lt;/strong&gt; should be a more general term. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you please explain the difference between these three words, according to you? How would you use them? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4892" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-11-13T13:49:03.903" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T10:45:32.527" Title="Difference between сожитель, любовник and фаворит" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11174" CreationDate="2015-11-13T09:31:49.933" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сожитель&lt;/strong&gt; indeed has some negative connotation for me. It doesn't mean &quot;lover&quot; in a sense that it is a partner for a married person, but it simply means people living together and having a relationship while not being officially married. I would usually see it in official sources (news etc.), which often report some negative occurrences and thus lead to this word having a bad connotation for me. One would rarely call his\her partner &lt;strong&gt;сожитель&lt;/strong&gt;, we would rather usе &lt;strong&gt;мой парень\моя девушка&lt;/strong&gt;. Although this word can sometimes be used in the same sense as &lt;strong&gt;любовник&lt;/strong&gt; and even &lt;strong&gt;муж&lt;/strong&gt; (husband), though I can't recall it being used often with these meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Фаворит&lt;/strong&gt; is explained correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Любовник\любовница&lt;/strong&gt; is a general term for a person you have a relationship with while being married (who is not your husband or wife, obviously).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastActivityDate="2015-11-13T09:31:49.933" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11172" CreationDate="2015-11-13T11:01:06.967" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;the whole quantitative group (number+noun) in both cases is in accusative. But the noun itself is in singular genitive in the case of &lt;code&gt;два часа&lt;/code&gt; and in plural genitive in the case of &lt;code&gt;пять минут&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6274" LastActivityDate="2015-11-13T11:01:06.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11177" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11178" CreationDate="2015-11-13T16:04:21.480" Score="6" ViewCount="229" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am reading Nabokov's short story &quot;Облако, озеро, башня&quot; and I came across this sentence:&#xA;&quot;высилась прямо из дактиля в дактиль старинная черная башня&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a daktil in this case? I looked it up on wikipedia but there were no meanings of this word related to architecture. Someone can help me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And also, what does прямо mean in this sentence? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-16T04:35:20.430" LastActivityDate="2015-11-16T04:35:20.430" Title="What does дактиль mean in reference to a building?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11177" CreationDate="2015-11-13T16:22:49.037" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's got nothing to do with architecture, but — unsurprisingly, this being Nabokov — with words. Let me give a longer quote for context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это было чистое, синее озеро с необыкновенным выражением воды. Посередине отражалось полностью большое  облако. На той стороне, на холме, густо облепленном древесной зеленью (которая тем поэтичнее, чем темнее), высилась прямо из дактиля в дактиль старинная черная башня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Облако, озеро, башня» is a dactylic line (one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed), and this passage describes the titular lake, cloud, and tower. As a bonus, &lt;strong&gt;вЫсилась прЯмо из дАктиля в дАктиль старИнная чЁрная бАшня&lt;/strong&gt; is also a dactyl; basically, for that stretch of phrase, the narrator breaks into verse. Admittedly it's somewhat cryptic and by far not immediately clear, but Nabokov can be like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now additionally, there's some ambiguity about &lt;strong&gt;прямо&lt;/strong&gt;. Is it part of the verb phrase — &lt;strong&gt;высилась прямо&lt;/strong&gt;, &quot;stood tall and straight&quot; — or part of &lt;strong&gt;прямо из дактиля в дактиль&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;straight from one dactyl to another&quot;? I'd argue the former, seeing as removing &lt;strong&gt;прямо из дактиля в дактиль&lt;/strong&gt; would break the verse, while only removing &lt;strong&gt;из дактиля в дактиль&lt;/strong&gt; leaves &lt;strong&gt;высилась прямо старинная черная башня&lt;/strong&gt;, which still scans. So one presumes it's &quot;the tower stood tall and straight&quot;, with &lt;strong&gt;из дактиля в дактиль&lt;/strong&gt; added as a self-referential afterthought.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-11-13T16:22:49.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11179" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-14T04:58:05.950" Score="4" ViewCount="2394" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between the forms of &quot;and&quot;  &quot;и&quot; and &quot;a&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6278" LastActivityDate="2015-12-09T14:08:04.787" Title="When to use и or а as &quot;and&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11180" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-14T07:07:37.353" Score="5" ViewCount="274" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте.&#xA;I noticed that verbs of motion with the prefix по in the unidirectional forms, for example поехали, are in the past tense, even though the sentence is in the present - for example, сейчас мы поехали в квартиру. I would translate this as &quot;we are going to the apartment.&quot; Why is this? Am I not understanding something? Also, do any other verbs of motion prefixes do this, or just the prefix по?&#xA;There must be a rule. I'd be so grateful of someone could provide it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5692" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T08:10:57.517" Title="Why is поехали in past tense when сейчас мы поехали в квартиру has a present tense meaning?" Tags="&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11181" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11183" CreationDate="2015-11-14T07:41:02.153" Score="6" ViewCount="703" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word, халява, it is interesting.&#xA;Google translate translates it as &quot;freebie&quot;, but Russian students use it to describe a situation when they didn't study for a test and get an &quot;A&quot; anyway. &quot;Freebie&quot; doesn't really apply here. Google image search turns up a lot of interesting pictures for халява. But finding an English equivalent is proving taxing.&#xA;I'm thinking of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;blind idiot luck&quot; *&#xA;gravy train  *&#xA;sependipity  *&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but I don't think any of those are exact translations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5692" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-14T16:39:43.870" LastActivityDate="2015-11-14T16:39:43.870" Title="What is the most direct English equivalent to &quot;халява&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2015-11-14T16:39:57.313" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11180" CreationDate="2015-11-14T08:51:33.443" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Prefix &lt;code&gt;по-&lt;/code&gt; with verbs (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE-#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiktionary.org&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Completion of the full or partial coverage of the action object (завершение действия с полным или частичным охватом объекта действия):  завтракать → позавтракать; красить → покрасить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;An act for some time (совершение действия в течение некоторого времени): крутить → покрутить; рубить → порубить; ходить → походить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Start moving (начало движения): ехать → поехать; ползти → поползти; двинуть → подвинуть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Action produced in large numbers and volume, at the same time giving derogatory (действие, произведённое в значительном количестве или объёме, одновременно придавая пренебрежительный оттенок): наехать → понаехать; разбросать → поразбросать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example &amp;quot;сейчас мы поехали в квартиру&amp;quot; means 'we have &lt;em&gt;started&lt;/em&gt; to go to the apartment.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-11-14T14:23:31.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11183" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11181" CreationDate="2015-11-14T12:53:11.300" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;халява&lt;/code&gt; is sometimes used when you get something without any kind of work (not only without money). So in this situation student got &quot;A&quot; without work (studying) and called it &lt;code&gt;халява&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Easy work itself also can be &lt;code&gt;халява&lt;/code&gt;. For example, you could say in dialog:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Чем сейчас на работе занимаешься?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Да ничем. Сижу за компьютером, смотрю в монитор, изредка нажимаю кнопку, чтобы дверь кому-нибудь открыть...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Вот халява!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, there is no full equivalent of word &lt;code&gt;халява&lt;/code&gt; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastEditorUserId="4481" LastEditDate="2015-11-14T13:48:41.627" LastActivityDate="2015-11-14T13:48:41.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11181" CreationDate="2015-11-14T14:21:03.460" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Russian students use it to describe a situation when they didn't study for a test and get an &quot;A&quot; anyway&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This meaning is really specific to &lt;strong&gt;student slang&lt;/strong&gt;. Especially &quot;the magic spell&quot;: &lt;em&gt;Халява, ловись!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But colloquially &lt;em&gt;халява&lt;/em&gt; still has two meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;a thing&lt;/em&gt; given (or even taken, sometimes ;-) for free (or at very little price), i.e. &lt;em&gt;freebie&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;a work&lt;/em&gt; done badly; here &lt;em&gt;халява&lt;/em&gt; is very close to another nice word &lt;em&gt;халтура&lt;/em&gt;, though there's a little difference: &lt;em&gt;халява&lt;/em&gt; is about &lt;em&gt;lazyness&lt;/em&gt;, while &lt;em&gt;халтура&lt;/em&gt; is about &lt;em&gt;negligence&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;em&gt;халява&lt;/em&gt; in student slang is something like both at once: no learning (lazy working) and getting good marks (&quot;freebies&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-11-14T14:21:03.460" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11185" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11180" CreationDate="2015-11-14T14:43:26.077" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Поехать&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt; verb, i.e. it has no present tense at all. &lt;em&gt;Поехали&lt;/em&gt; refers to a completed action, which is &lt;em&gt;the start&lt;/em&gt; of moving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also, do any other verbs of motion prefixes do this, or just the prefix по?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sure, there are quite a few. But being perfective, they also refer to some completed part of &quot;moving action&quot;. For example, &lt;em&gt;отъехать&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Поезд уже довольно далеко отъехал от станции&lt;/em&gt;. This means that the train went quite far from the station, i.e. it has finished some part of the distance, but it says nothing about whether it stopped or was still moving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus prefixes with motion verbs show &lt;em&gt;which part&lt;/em&gt; of moving was finished. If you mean the journey was &lt;em&gt;fully&lt;/em&gt; completed, you have to use prefix &lt;em&gt;при-&lt;/em&gt;, like in &lt;em&gt;приехать&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;прийти&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;прибыть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;прилететь&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;приплыть&lt;/em&gt; and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet note that sometimes &lt;em&gt;поехать&lt;/em&gt; still could serve for the same purpose as simply &lt;em&gt;ехать&lt;/em&gt;. That's because the speaker silently implies that after &quot;they have started moving&quot; immediately follows &quot;they were moving&quot;, which is simply omitted but should be obvious from the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD.&lt;/strong&gt; Now on the matter of &quot;&lt;em&gt;Сейчас мы поехали в квартиру&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. There's the obvious &quot;time contradiction&quot; between &quot;сейчас&quot; and &quot;поехали&quot;, but this is quite tolerable in Russian. Though it makes the sentence ambiguous: it has (at least) &lt;em&gt;three different meanings&lt;/em&gt; depending of context and pronounce.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Determination&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Now we shall go to the apartment&lt;/em&gt;. Here past tense is to show speaker's resoluteness (he thinks the future to be as definite as the past);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Narration&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Then we went to the apartment&lt;/em&gt;. So simply, &quot;сейчас&quot; is for &quot;narration present time&quot;, &quot;поехали&quot; is &quot;regular past tense&quot; (as @Quassnoi mentioned, this could also be seen as a remnant of old &quot;proper perfect&quot; tense);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Small interval&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Last time we went to the apartment [but what about next time?!]&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Сейчас&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;now&lt;/em&gt; for that matter) is not &quot;a point&quot; but rather &quot;a small time interval&quot;. So it's possible to match it over the past or future tense (like &lt;em&gt;Now I will sleep&lt;/em&gt;), if speaker believes they are close to each other.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-11-15T07:35:26.243" LastActivityDate="2015-11-15T07:35:26.243" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11180" CreationDate="2015-11-14T15:14:12.997" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the point of view a native Russian. Perfective past tense to me indicates some sense of urgency or desire to have the action performed already. For example, if a runner is drafting behind another one in a track race, and his coach senses that his pupil is not running at his best and it is time to pick it up and take the lead he is more likely to say: &quot;Вышел и пошёл!&quot; rather than the present tense &quot;Выйди и иди!&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6280" LastActivityDate="2015-11-14T15:14:12.997" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11187" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11179" CreationDate="2015-11-15T00:06:05.990" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I could not really recall any example when Russian &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; can be translated as &lt;code&gt;and&lt;/code&gt; in English. Usually it is &lt;code&gt;but&lt;/code&gt; in English. But then I looked into a dictionary and there was such a meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) и (сочинительный союз, реализующий различные логические отношения&#xA;  между соединяемыми частями)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;boys and girls — мальчики и девочки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) а, но (противительный союз)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I shall go and you stay here. — Я пойду, а ты оставайся здесь.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  There are books and books. — Есть книги и книги.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is that the former is a coordinative one and the latter is an adversative conjunction. The first connects some words, which are not opposing each other in a particular context. And the second is something like an opposite, it connects words, parts of a sentence which do oppose to each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;em&gt;boys and girls&lt;/em&gt; do not oppose, you are sort of enumerating the options. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the &lt;em&gt;I shall go and you stay here&lt;/em&gt; example there are two parts of the sentence which do oppose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;em&gt;There are books and books&lt;/em&gt; even in the dictionary was translated as &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; which also has the same meaning in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if I encountered such examples in English I would not use the &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; conjunction, really. I would simply translate it as &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; in every example of the provided ones, as it was done with the third one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastActivityDate="2015-11-15T00:06:05.990" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11174" CreationDate="2015-11-15T11:01:41.777" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cожитель&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To understand what is wrong with сожитель, you need to know the meaning of  &lt;strong&gt;concubinage&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concubinage&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concubinage&lt;/a&gt;). This word stresses the idea of the inability of further marriage, which makes these relations less legitimate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally сожитель is somehow related to Soviet crime law as it was stated before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Фаворит&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Фаворит is outdated. Totally agree with your teacher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Любовник&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Любовник translates directly into English as &quot;lover&quot;. Nothing more to add.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6283" LastActivityDate="2015-11-15T11:01:41.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11189" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11194" CreationDate="2015-11-15T12:25:55.450" Score="13" ViewCount="4040" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему одежда из хлопка называется хлопчатобумажной?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;При чем здесь бумага?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Upd:&#xA;В &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruscorpora.ru/search-main.html&quot;&gt;Национальном Корпусе Русского Языка&lt;/a&gt; фраза &lt;a href=&quot;http://search-beta.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%E1%F3%EC%E0%E6%ED%FB%E9%20%EF%EB%E0%F2%EE%EA&amp;amp;p=1&quot;&gt;бумажный платок&lt;/a&gt; со значением «платок из ткани» упоминается 18 раз. Последнее использование — не позднее 1930 года в С. В. Обручев. «В неизведанные края. Путешествия на Север 1917-1930 г.г.» 1954 года издания.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Начиная с примерно 1940 года используется слово &lt;em&gt;хлопчатобумажный&lt;/em&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но тут возникает новый вопрос.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Цитата из О. М. Сомов. «Сватовство» (1831): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На голове у ней был шелковый платок, подвязанный наколкой, как у городских мещанок; на ногах голубые шерстяные чулки и башмаки без задников, с высокими каблуками; прочий наряд ее составляли шушун и юбка &lt;em&gt;ситцевые&lt;/em&gt; с большими разводами ярких цветов да клетчатый &lt;em&gt;бумажный&lt;/em&gt; платок на шее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из чего тогда делался ситец и чем ситцевая ткань отличалась от бумажной?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5454" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-16T04:28:12.220" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T08:37:11.360" Title="Почему одежда из хлопка называется хлопчатобумажной?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11190" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-15T17:07:43.400" Score="3" ViewCount="341" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen 'сочувствие' used as a synonym for both sympathy and empathy. Does it correspond to either one in particular or to both in some way? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-11-21T03:43:13.050" Title="Meaning of 'сочувствие'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11190" CreationDate="2015-11-15T18:48:33.160" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Strictly speaking &lt;em&gt;сочувствие&lt;/em&gt; is sympathy, and &lt;em&gt;сопереживание&lt;/em&gt; is empathy. But people are used to think of both as synonyms, so they use both words interchangeably. For that reason there exists calque &lt;em&gt;эмпатия&lt;/em&gt;, but it belongs almost exclusively to psychology science.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-11-15T18:48:33.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11192" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-16T02:12:10.607" Score="3" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is the former instead of the latter used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5898" LastActivityDate="2015-11-16T13:55:38.467" Title="Why is &quot;have you returned&quot; &quot;ты вернулся&quot; instead of &quot;ты вернул?&quot;" Tags="&lt;окончания&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11192" CreationDate="2015-11-16T03:56:53.480" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because &lt;code&gt;вернуться&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;вернуть&lt;/code&gt; are two related yet distinct verbs. &quot;Вернуть&quot; is to return in sense &lt;strong&gt;to give back&lt;/strong&gt; something you've taken/borrowed beforehand. &quot;Вернуться&quot; is &lt;strong&gt;to be back&lt;/strong&gt;. It looks like you've just checked some resource sort of translate.google.com, which is fine but not always provide you with all context needed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;May be it would be a bit easier to memorize the difference if you'll keep in mind following fact: &quot;вернуться&quot; is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_verb&quot;&gt;reflexive verb&lt;/a&gt; — in Russian this verbs are ended with cя/сь. So it is roughly like &quot;to return yourself&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, this cя/cь ending is actually remnant of PIE similar (but more complex) feature. This is exactly what &lt;code&gt;se&lt;/code&gt; in reflexive verbs in Spanish stand for. Moreover, English word &quot;self&quot; is related as well.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-11-16T13:55:38.467" LastActivityDate="2015-11-16T13:55:38.467" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11189" CreationDate="2015-11-16T04:15:54.043" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Хлопковый&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;хлопчатый&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;хлопчатобумажный&lt;/code&gt; indeed mean the same thing. As for why the second form is used instead of the first one, which is both more intuitive and shorter - here's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9#.D0.A5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/a&gt; from Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В русской технической литературе до второй половины XIX века вместо&#xA;  слова «хлопок» применяли термин «хлопчатая бумага», сохранившийся до&#xA;  настоящего времени в словах: хлопчатобумажная ткань, хлопчатобумажная&#xA;  промышленность и других.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, your assumption is wrong – it has not started in Soviet times. This word indeed is used in books starting from XIX century. Actually one can trace even to earlier times. Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/a&gt; from document dated 1745:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Здесь же при Астрахани, хотя по опытам довольно видно, что делание&#xA;  шелка и сеяние бумаги хлопчатой немалую приносить может пользу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;code&gt;ситец&lt;/code&gt;, in the same article you can find that it is a &quot;лёгкая хлопчато-бумажная гладкокрашеная или набивная ткань, получаемая в результате специальной отделки сурового миткаля&quot;. So, it is a sort of fiber made of cotton, one of many. Just like миткаль, бумазея, бязь, вельвет and others. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And one final note. Just like @Matt correctly noted, most probably &quot;бумага&quot; is derived from Italian word (derived in turn from a Latin one) which stood for cotton. It is very likely but no one knows for sure actually. Also, in other Slavic languages, even in the closest to Russian &lt;code&gt;бумага&lt;/code&gt; is not used for paper at all, but for cotton we have:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бавовна in Ukrainian&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бавоўна in Belarusian&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;bawełna in Polish&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;bombaž in Slovenian. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is very disputable how exactly these forms find their way into the languages mentioned above, we can end up finding ourselves in the land of stupid pseudo-linguistic assumptions. Most probably these words are related but definitely not always directly with &lt;code&gt;бумага&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="2251" LastEditDate="2018-06-11T08:37:11.360" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T08:37:11.360" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11190" CreationDate="2015-11-16T13:58:29.733" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;empathy&lt;/em&gt; is an interesting word for a Russian. I learned it when I was around 18 - in English. It was a new concept for me. What I understood English speakers meant by &lt;em&gt;empathy&lt;/em&gt; was neither сочувствие nor сопереживание to me. To them &lt;em&gt;empathy&lt;/em&gt; was a desired quality that one should strive to develop, a gift, and in my mind I agreed with them. But when I thought of сочувствие, it was more along the lines of feeling sorry for a loser that does not know how to take care of his life. сопереживание was a fancy literary equivalent of сочувствие of sorts - it was one of those words that I understood more through root analysis (suffer together) than through the feel of usage. Granted, my vision of the Russian language was incomplete due to my age and some lack of emotional maturity in some aspects, but the reality is that when you speak to Russians you will find many people in a similar situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is important to understand that going from culture to culture some concepts have one precise word that describes them in one, but will require sometimes a paragraph or more to properly communicate in the other. I think the English &lt;em&gt;empathy&lt;/em&gt; going to Russian is one of them. Not to be outdone, we have some words that require more than one word to translate into English. I keep running into those while reading Russian literature with my children. Some colorful examples I had to explain recently that perhaps will help one understand why we do not have a good word for &lt;em&gt;empathy&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;расстрел -  execution by firing squad&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;автоматчик - a soldier with an automatic rifle ready to use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6280" LastActivityDate="2015-11-16T13:58:29.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11180" CreationDate="2015-11-16T15:18:29.393" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because words &lt;code&gt;&quot;сейчас, вчера, уже, ...&quot;&lt;/code&gt; clearly mark the whole scene on the time-line being pictured by the speaker, and have much higher, almost highest, priority over the tense forms of a verb. Like multiplication over addition are in a mathematical expression. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One person talk to another:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Едем мы вчера с другом на трамвае, и вдруг ...&lt;/code&gt; (Past)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;but &lt;code&gt;едем = present form of &quot;ехать&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where are you now?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Мы сейчас в трамвае, поехали на квартиру к Ивану.&lt;/code&gt; (Present)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;but &lt;code&gt;поехали = past form of &quot;поехать&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Free speech:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Завтра мы едем на квартиру к Ивану.&lt;/code&gt; (Future)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-11-16T15:18:29.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11174" CreationDate="2015-11-17T11:20:29.577" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;1.сожитель - one who you lives with someone in the same appartments and have intimate (sexual) relationships with him. Feminine - сожительница.&#xA;2.любовник = lover. Feminine - любовница.&#xA;3.фаворит = archaism, nowadays it is not in use. Means a favorite lover of a high-level person (king, prince, sultan, etc). Something like favorite concubine. Feminine - фаворитка.&#xA;Once I worked at a publishing office, so that I had to get translated words like these ( due to translation agency, Technolex Translations, of course). I think фаворит isn't used nowadays in Russian, meanwhile любовник is a wider term, may be applied in more cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6289" LastActivityDate="2015-11-17T11:20:29.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11190" CreationDate="2015-11-17T11:30:51.717" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сочувствие is more about sympathy, but it also may mean an empathy, it depends on a context. The company I work at used to deal with Russian texts rather often, it is very difficult and the meanings of different words and phrases often depend on the emotional message of the sentence. We used to order translations from BNG or Technolex Translations, because it is simply impossible to translate the whole doc perfectly :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6289" LastActivityDate="2015-11-17T11:30:51.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11202" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11204" CreationDate="2015-11-18T14:49:24.050" Score="4" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am struggling with the phrase included into the double parenthesis. How should &quot;широкую рекламу&quot; be translatated in this context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;(Мы провели ((широкую рекламу))) по телевидению и в метро в Москве и в Санкт-Петербурге.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Большое спасибо,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6298" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-18T22:33:30.270" LastActivityDate="2015-11-19T03:14:10.150" Title="Провели широкую рекламу" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11202" CreationDate="2015-11-18T15:19:55.507" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is better to rephrase it in English, eliminating the need to use a noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It [the product] was widely advertised on TV and in subways in Moscow and St. Petersburg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastActivityDate="2015-11-18T15:19:55.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11202" CreationDate="2015-11-18T15:20:04.863" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's most probably a misuse of &lt;em&gt;мы провели широкую рекламную кампанию&lt;/em&gt; which means &quot;we've conducted a broad advertising campaign&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Synecdoches like this (&lt;em&gt;реклама&lt;/em&gt; &quot;advertising&quot; instead of &lt;em&gt;рекламная кампания&lt;/em&gt; &quot;advertising campaign&quot;) are quite common in professional jargons but should not normally be used outside them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-11-18T15:20:04.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11202" CreationDate="2015-11-19T03:14:10.150" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;We launched a widespread advertising campaign on tv as well as in the Moscow and St. Petersburg Metros.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-11-19T03:14:10.150" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11209" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-19T16:42:12.040" Score="3" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как будет правильнее:&#xA;&quot;Мое мнение – видеорегистратор достоин 9 баллов из 10.&quot;&#xA;или&#xA;&quot;Мое мнение: видеорегистратор достоин 9 баллов из 10.&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6308" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-19T21:21:32.590" LastActivityDate="2015-11-20T02:23:02.183" Title="Двоеточие или тире?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11209" CreationDate="2015-11-19T17:41:57.603" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Двоеточие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Второе простое предложение дополняет содержание первого (дополнительные отношения). Перед вторым предложением можно вставить союз что.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ср.: Я знал: удар судьбы меня не обойдёт (Лермонтов). – Я знал, что удар судьбы меня не обойдёт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.licey.net/russian/syntax/r2_3_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;источник&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-11-19T17:41:57.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6897" CreationDate="2015-11-19T20:27:04.777" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it can also be used to achieve the effect of sounding colloquial and possibly less educated, at least that is what I get out of Vysotskiy's usage in the &lt;em&gt;Song About The High Jumper&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Но я лучше выпью зелье с отравою &#xA;И над собой что-нибудь сделаю,&#xA;Но свою неправую правую &#xA;Я не сменю на правую левую.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally we would say &lt;code&gt;с отравой&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This might be a challenge for non-advanced students of Russian, so I'll give my translation as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I would rather drink a poisoned potion,&#xA;And I would do something to myself,&#xA;But my right (leg) which is in the wrong,&#xA;I will not change to the left one which is (considered) correct&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6280" LastActivityDate="2015-11-19T20:27:04.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11212" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6897" CreationDate="2015-11-19T21:16:52.007" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While I agree to most extend with all answers proovided, I still insist that in colloquial speech not always but pretty often this does not sounds outdated. It is just something quick you don't even notice. Pretty much like in colloquial English it is acceptable to ignore some of grammar rules. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check out, for instance, this phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что вот с тобой не так? Со мною вcё нормально.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Друзья, мне кажется с едою что-то не так.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;-й&quot; version is de-facto more acceptable and  &quot;-ю&quot; is definitely getting obsolete, but still does not sound too strange in many cases. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2015-11-19T21:16:52.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11209" CreationDate="2015-11-19T21:32:03.670" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;To simplify there's sort of rule of thumb you can keep in mind. Go for dash when you can imagine that is acceptable for this particular phrase to use &quot;is&quot; instead. &#xA;Go for colon when you can imagine that phrase could be rephrased by adding something like &quot;Here's what...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this particular case both of rules are acceptable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Моё мнение [является/есть] - &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;[Вот] моё мнение: ...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;===========&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если вместо тире можно представить глагол-связку (например &quot;есть&quot;, &quot;является&quot;) то тире подходит. Если к фразе можно добавить что-то вроде &quot;вот что&quot;, &quot;вот какие&quot; - то уместно двоеточие.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примеры @user907860 хорошие, но в отличие от фразы &quot;я знал:&quot; заканчивающейся глаголом - ([вот что] я знал) грань тут тонкая, и в данном конкретном случае уместны оба знака препинания. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-20T02:23:02.183" LastActivityDate="2015-11-20T02:23:02.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11214" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11219" CreationDate="2015-11-19T22:16:49.330" Score="10" ViewCount="3710" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't seem to figure out the difference between одену and надену.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both are future tense verbs of &quot;to put on&quot; or &quot;wear&quot;. &#xA;Are they both just synonyms? I fee like there is a subtle difference&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6003" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-19T23:19:47.380" LastActivityDate="2015-11-23T14:21:20.420" Title="&quot;Одену&quot; or &quot;надену&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11214" CreationDate="2015-11-19T23:03:16.760" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Oh, this is a classic question and actually one with what even native speakers happen to have some hard times. Actually this verbs are not interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Надеть&quot; is for putting clothes (or something else like headphones, for instance) on the person himself. Something inanimate. So, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я надену шапку [на себя]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;она надела чулки [на себя]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Надень [ты] шапку, холодно.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Одеть&quot; is for putting clothes on somebody else, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В детстве я одевала кукол в красивые наряды. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a mnemonic joke: &quot;Одевают Надежду, надевают одежду&quot;. &#xA;&quot;Одеть&quot; answers to the answer - &quot;whom I'm putting this on&quot;.&#xA;&quot;Надеть&quot; is sort of about &quot;what I'm putting on&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-19T23:44:21.247" LastActivityDate="2015-11-19T23:44:21.247" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11216" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11217" CreationDate="2015-11-20T00:46:53.683" Score="8" ViewCount="318" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently met someone named Станислау, and couldn't figure out what his children's отчество would be. I know that for Станислав it is obviously Станиславович, but &quot;Станислауович&quot; sounds awkward to me. I know that one (for male) generally adds -ович unless the name ends in -ь or -й, for which -евич is used. But is there an exception for this name? What is he correct отчество? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, is this name still used? I have never seen it before, outside of this one person and some textbooks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4451" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-20T07:05:51.117" LastActivityDate="2015-11-20T08:43:36.567" Title="What is the proper отчество for Cтанислау?" Tags="&lt;slavic&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11216" CreationDate="2015-11-20T01:09:01.027" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;Станислау (Станіслаў to be precise) is a Belarusian version of name Stanislav.&#xA;Keep in mind that Belarusian &quot;ў&quot; is more like w, so it does not sound like &quot;oo&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's not dive into political issues here, but de-facto in all three eastern European Slavic countries there's a tendency to translate name into local variant. &#xA;Nobody says Павел Маккартни, but Павло Скоропадський is always Павел Скоропадский in Russian. The same with Станіслаў - we can theorize for a pretty long time about forms like Миколаевич, Станислауович, Олександрович, Володимирович etc. - de-facto these are translated. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the answer is - &quot;Станиславович&quot;. This is in Russian.&#xA;Moreover, in Belarusian, by the way, patronymic &lt;a href=&quot;https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87&quot;&gt;is&lt;/a&gt; &quot;Станіслававіч&quot; - ў morphs into &quot;в&quot;. &#xA;So, no mystery here as well :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-11-20T08:43:36.567" LastActivityDate="2015-11-20T08:43:36.567" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11214" CreationDate="2015-11-20T08:27:02.297" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Speaking of how native speakers mix these two words, I would add that надеть is always used with clothing. However одеть may be used for both putting clothes on another person, or putting a piece of cloth onto oneself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say &quot;одеть одежду, одеть Надежду&quot; and most people (except for purists) won't feel that there is a problem, however you can only say &quot;надеть одежду&quot; and &lt;strong&gt;never&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;надеть Надежду&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2015-11-20T08:27:02.297" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11214" CreationDate="2015-11-20T12:51:12.877" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Надевать / надеть что-то (на кого-то)&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;to put something on (someone)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Одевать / одеть кого-то (во что-то)&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;to dress someone (in something)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The direct object (one without a preposition) to &lt;em&gt;надевать&lt;/em&gt; is the piece of clothing (inanimate), the direct object to &lt;em&gt;одевать&lt;/em&gt; is the one who'll be wearing it (animate): &lt;em&gt;надень свитер (на Оксану)&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;одень Оксану (в свитер)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To &lt;em&gt;одевать&lt;/em&gt; there is a reflexive counterpart &lt;em&gt;одеваться&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;to dress up&quot;), but there is no one for &lt;em&gt;надевать&lt;/em&gt;. You can construct it but it would sound peculiar at least (&lt;em&gt;надеваться&lt;/em&gt; would mean something like &quot;put oneself on something&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is another pair &lt;em&gt;обувать / набувать&lt;/em&gt;, used for footwear, however the second word in it is archaic and is not used anymore. &lt;em&gt;Надевать&lt;/em&gt; is used instead nowadays when speaking of footwear instead of archaic &lt;em&gt;набувать&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Обувать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;обуваться&lt;/em&gt; are used as counterparts to &lt;em&gt;одевать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;одеваться&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In vernacular speech, people tend to use &lt;em&gt;одевать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;обувать&lt;/em&gt; with inanimate objects (&lt;em&gt;*одень свитер&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;*обуй ботинки&lt;/em&gt;), because the meaning is obvious from the context, and the case forms happen to be the same, only prepositions being different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prescriptive grammars, though, consider this usage incorrect, just the same as using &quot;to learn someone&quot; instead of &quot;to teach someone&quot; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal, &lt;em&gt;Говорите и пишите правильно&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дело в том, что глаголы &lt;em&gt;одеть — одевать&lt;/em&gt; обозначают действие, обращенное на другой предмет (в грамматическом значении этого слова, т. е. может быть и человек, и животное, и неодушевлённый предмет): &lt;em&gt;одевать ребёнка, одевать коня попоной, одевать куклу&lt;/em&gt;. Если же действие обращено на его производителя, то употребляются глаголы &lt;em&gt;надеть — надевать&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;надеть пальто, надеть шляпу, надевать туфли, надеть очки, надевать коньки&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-11-20T15:58:03.373" LastActivityDate="2015-11-20T15:58:03.373" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11220" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11223" CreationDate="2015-11-20T18:56:53.580" Score="14" ViewCount="5444" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &lt;code&gt;свой&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;своя&lt;/code&gt; и т.д.) and &lt;code&gt;мой&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;моя&lt;/code&gt; и т.д.) when Russian people speak they seem aware of the difference but still I can't wrap my head around it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5924" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-18T10:50:07.443" LastActivityDate="2019-01-18T10:50:07.443" Title="The difference between &quot;свой&quot; and &quot;мой&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11220" CreationDate="2015-11-20T19:09:09.173" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;One thing to note is that свой can be applied to other people or yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы идёте со своей женой?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я иду со своей женой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where as мой can only ever be applied to yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6003" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-11-20T20:12:58.590" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11220" CreationDate="2015-11-20T19:40:58.033" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Свой&lt;/em&gt; is a nice word which allows to enliven the speech avoiding those permanent occurences of pairs &lt;em&gt;me&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;my&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;you&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;your&lt;/em&gt; and so on).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a rule of thumb, try not to use я/мой, ты/твой etc. both in the same sentence but replace &quot;мой&quot; (or &quot;твой&quot;, &quot;его&quot; etc.) with &quot;свой&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may think that &quot;&lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt; am in &lt;em&gt;my&lt;/em&gt; room&quot; looks OK, but Russian people hate sentences such as &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я&lt;/em&gt; в &lt;em&gt;моей&lt;/em&gt; комнате&quot;. In Russian it sounds as if you state &lt;em&gt;twice&lt;/em&gt; that it's &lt;em&gt;your&lt;/em&gt; room, because your companion doubts this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To say it short, &quot;свой&quot; has no additional meaning except &quot;мой&quot; / &quot;твой&quot; / &quot;его&quot; but you &lt;em&gt;have to&lt;/em&gt; use this word often to speak Russian well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-11-20T19:40:58.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11220" CreationDate="2015-11-20T20:11:09.633" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this meaning &lt;em&gt;свой&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;belonging to the last agent in the sentence&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алиса отдала Бобу свои деньги // Alice gave Bob her own (Alice's) money&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Боб отдал Алисе свои деньги // Bob gave Alice his own (Bob's) money&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алиса отдала Бобу его деньги // Alice gave Bob his (not necessarily Bob's) money&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алиса отдала Бобу её деньги // Alice gave Bob her (not necessarily Alice's) money&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last phrase is normally only used in Russian when &amp;quot;her&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;belonging to a third female person, neither the subject nor object of the sentence&amp;quot;, that third person being obvious from the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ева дала Алисе пальто. Алиса отдала её пальто Бобу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ева дала Алисе пальто. Алиса отдала своё пальто Бобу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &amp;quot;last agent&amp;quot; thing might be a little bit confusing, as sometimes it's not clear what the agent is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алиса дала Бобу своё пальто // Alice gave Bob her coat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bob's definitely not the agent here, so &lt;em&gt;своё&lt;/em&gt; unequivocally means &amp;quot;Alice's&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алиса попросила Боба постирать своё пальто // Alice asked Bob to wash his coat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alice and Bob are both agents (Alice asks, Bob washes), but Bob goes last in the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алиса попросила у Боба постирать своё пальто // Alice asked Bob for washing her (or his) coat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a bit confusing, as it's not clear who'll be doing the washing, so not clear whether Bob is an agent here or not. This sentence can be interpreted both ways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the &amp;quot;last agent&amp;quot; rule only works within a single sentence clause, it does not work across dependent clauses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алиса любит своих детей. // Alice loves her kids&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*Алиса хочет, чтобы свои дети любили её // This is ungrammatical&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алиса хочет, чтобы её дети любили её // Alice wants her kids to love her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't use &lt;em&gt;свои&lt;/em&gt; in the second sentence, as on this dependency level there is no agent before &lt;em&gt;свои&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-11-20T20:11:09.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11190" CreationDate="2015-11-21T00:58:53.000" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd include another word - compassion - to the list of synonyms. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compassion&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; page describes this term as a positive one, however in Russian the phrase &quot;Я тебе сочуствую&quot; can be used to ridicule somebody, but not in a harsh way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2106" LastEditorUserId="2106" LastEditDate="2015-11-21T03:43:13.050" LastActivityDate="2015-11-21T03:43:13.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11225" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11226" CreationDate="2015-11-21T11:45:33.993" Score="3" ViewCount="197" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am new to this language. I would need some help with the conjugation. Please check if I got it right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this specific case G=A.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;N хороший врач&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A хорошeго врач-a&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;G хорошeго врач-a&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;D хорошemy врач-y&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I хорошиm врач-om&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P хорошom врач-e&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6317" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-21T19:42:04.037" LastActivityDate="2015-11-21T19:42:04.037" Title="Conjugation оf &quot;врач&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11225" CreationDate="2015-11-21T12:39:01.783" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;N Хороший врач&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Хорошeго врач-а&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;G хорошeго врач-а&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;D хорошeмy врач-у&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I хорошим врач-ом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Р хорошем врач-е&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-11-21T13:04:56.933" LastActivityDate="2015-11-21T13:04:56.933" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11227" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11229" CreationDate="2015-11-21T13:00:21.537" Score="9" ViewCount="2711" Body="&lt;p&gt;Что имеется в виду в старой русской поговорке &quot;Не по чину нос&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-11-21T19:08:15.473" LastActivityDate="2015-11-21T19:08:15.473" Title="Смысл поговорки &quot;не по чину нос&quot;" Tags="&lt;фраза&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11227" CreationDate="2015-11-21T15:37:24.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Синоним &quot;всяк сверчок знай свой шесток&quot;, &quot;каждому - свое&quot;, или &quot;знай свое место&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С происхождением поговорки не могу помочь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6319" LastActivityDate="2015-11-21T15:37:24.817" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11227" CreationDate="2015-11-21T16:06:47.190" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не по чину нос&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;Не по чину подношение (взятка)&lt;/em&gt;, т.е. &quot;слишком много хочешь&quot;, &quot;не по чину берёшь&quot;, &quot;это не для тебя&quot; и т.п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Противоположное значение имеет всем известное &lt;em&gt;остаться с носом&lt;/em&gt;, т.е. твое &quot;подношение&quot; никто и брать-то не стал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-11-21T16:06:47.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11230" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-23T00:38:37.423" Score="4" ViewCount="906" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я заметила, что такое выражение часто слышится в популярных песнях. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6322" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2015-11-23T17:50:33.307" LastActivityDate="2015-11-28T07:07:38.177" Title="Что означает &quot;нам по пути&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11230" CreationDate="2015-11-23T05:55:33.777" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;В буквальном смысле, &quot;(мы в движении, но) &lt;strong&gt;нам&lt;/strong&gt; (с вами/тобою предстоит идти) &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; (одному и тому же) &lt;strong&gt;пути&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;; это намёк на возможность общения &quot;в движении&quot; (пойти вместе и по дороге поговорить или заняться общим делом). Поэтому в переносном смысле выражение означает: &quot;&lt;em&gt;у нас общие интересы (взгляды)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;у нас есть повод для общения&lt;/em&gt;&quot; или даже, как в некоторых песнях, &quot;&lt;em&gt;давай дружить&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Соответственно, выражение с отрицанием, &quot;&lt;em&gt;нам не по пути&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, выражает (сравнительно резкий) отказ от совместной деятельности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-11-23T05:55:33.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11230" CreationDate="2015-11-23T06:45:14.067" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;we have a common path (or part of it), so we can go together&quot;.  The opposite is &quot;нам не по пути&quot; Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Садись в машину, я тебя подвезу до работы, нам по пути.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В 12 лет я влюбился в одноклассницу. Каждый вечер я провожал её домой, хоть нам было и не по пути.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Давай я тебя провожу до дома, нам по пути.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In songs, this probably means that a guy and a girl can be together. &quot;Мне с тобой не по пути&quot; means &quot;I don't want be with you&quot;, &quot;we do not click&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-11-23T13:58:40.817" LastActivityDate="2015-11-23T13:58:40.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11214" CreationDate="2015-11-23T14:21:20.420" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is the same in following verbs as they formed by the same principles that control the mean switching on the stem by adding either &lt;kbd&gt;о-&lt;/kbd&gt; or &lt;kbd&gt;на-&lt;/kbd&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&#xA;    окрасить    накрасить&#xA;    оценить     наценить&#xA;    осыпать     насыпать&#xA;    опускать    напускать&#xA;    означать    назначать&#xA;    осушить     насушить&#xA;    ограждать   награждать&#xA;    оставлять   наставлять&#xA;    опали       напали&#xA;    очистить    начистить&#xA;    огибать     нагибать&#xA;    оказывать   наказывать&#xA;    осмотреть   насмотреть&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-11-23T14:21:20.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11234" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11235" CreationDate="2015-11-25T02:53:40.427" Score="2" ViewCount="270" Body="&lt;p&gt;Значит ли это букваьлно не касаться?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5932" LastActivityDate="2015-11-25T14:29:58.457" Title="Что значит ‹‹это не про меня››" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11234" CreationDate="2015-11-25T03:26:00.140" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;В зависимости от контекста эта фраза может означать:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«то, что сказано, не относится ко мне», иначе говоря, «я не такой» («Неграмотный -- это не про меня»); либо&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«я недостоин этого», «я не заслуживаю этого» («Такая награда не про меня»).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2015-11-25T03:26:00.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11236" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11245" CreationDate="2015-11-25T10:24:13.580" Score="9" ViewCount="515" Body="&lt;p&gt;I listened to various pronunciations on Forvo, Wiktionary and various dictionaries with audio files.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To my (untrained) ear it always sounds as if the &quot;в&quot; is silent and not pronounced at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, the IPA is [fsʲɪɡˈda] and that suggests that there should be a distinct hard /f/ sound (like the letter ф) in the beginning. So, I guess that sound is just very subtle and therefore (almost) imperceptible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I pronounce the word, I omit the /f/ sound, because I can hardly pronounce the /f/ sound before /sʲ/. That is, surely, I can pronounce the letter there, but then it really is a very, very distinct and perceptible sound and it kinda sounds funny, and to my mind my pronunciation is closer to the pronunciation of a native speaker when I drop that letter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do native speakers, or those whose ears are trained to distinguish Russian sounds, perceive the /f/ sound in the beginning? Is it clearly distinguishable from a word that begins in &quot;с&quot; (e.g. сегмент)? And do you think you would notice when I omit the letter altogether, i.e. pronouncing it [sʲɪɡˈda]? Does someone have any experience on that?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And finally, how could I learn to pronounce it correctly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, I am a native speaker of German.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="109" LastEditorUserId="109" LastEditDate="2015-12-03T08:35:32.863" LastActivityDate="2015-12-03T08:35:32.863" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;всегда&quot; and other words beginning in &quot;вс&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11237" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11238" CreationDate="2015-11-25T10:48:18.650" Score="8" ViewCount="1790" Body="&lt;p&gt;As of writing this question, there are two questions here on the difference of those two words. &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/4388/109&quot;&gt;The first one&lt;/a&gt; has a quite extensive answer and &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/10836/109&quot;&gt;the second one&lt;/a&gt;, unfortunately, just a short answer that addresses only the example given there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm quite confident I understood the difference, but I've noticed something that hasn't been explicitly mentioned and therefore I'd like to clarify whether my understanding is correct or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Какой&lt;/em&gt; seems to be the counterpart to the English interrogative pronoun &lt;em&gt;what&lt;/em&gt; and German &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&lt;/strong&gt; is your favorite color?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Was&lt;/strong&gt; ist deine Lieblingsfarbe?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Какой&lt;/strong&gt; твой любимый цвет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Который&lt;/em&gt; seems to be the counterpart to the English interrogative pronoun &lt;em&gt;which&lt;/em&gt; and German &lt;em&gt;welcher&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Blue or red — &lt;strong&gt;Which&lt;/strong&gt; color is more beautiful?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Blau oder Rot — &lt;strong&gt;Welche&lt;/strong&gt; Farbe ist schöner?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Синий или кра́сный — &lt;strong&gt;Который&lt;/strong&gt; цвет более красивый?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I right or would &lt;em&gt;какой&lt;/em&gt; also be correct in the second sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few side notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Который&lt;/em&gt; is, of course, also a relative pronoun.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I'm aware that in a different context the English word &lt;em&gt;what&lt;/em&gt; is translated as &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;What is it?&quot; =&gt; &quot;что это?&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="109" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-11-25T20:09:24.350" Title="Difference between &quot;какой&quot; and &quot;который&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11237" CreationDate="2015-11-25T11:37:22.953" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Который&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;which one (of the few)&amp;quot; and assumes an exhaustive list of possibilities. In Proto-Slavic it used to mean &amp;quot;which one of the two&amp;quot; and is akin to English &amp;quot;whether&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You normally can replace &lt;em&gt;который&lt;/em&gt; with &lt;em&gt;какой&lt;/em&gt; when the former is used (or can be used) with the preposition &lt;em&gt;из&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your last question can be worded like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Который из цветов более красивый: красный или синий?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so &lt;em&gt;какой&lt;/em&gt; can be used instead indeed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Синий или красный — какой цвет более красивый?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an interrogative, &lt;em&gt;который&lt;/em&gt; can be also used to ask &amp;quot;which by order?&amp;quot;, the expected answer to this being an ordinal numeral: &lt;em&gt;второй, пятый, последний&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Который час?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы который в очереди?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sense, it cannot be replaced with &lt;em&gt;какой&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-11-25T11:37:22.953" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11236" CreationDate="2015-11-25T11:45:56.467" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is quite a surprising idea that you cannot hear /f/ there. Yes, it should be there and the word without it would sound wrong. Also there are a lot of other words that start with вс- which have differend meaning than similar words without в- because в- in the beginning is a prefix that changes meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, встать &quot;to stand, to stop&quot; vs. стать &quot;to become&quot;, вставить &quot;to insert&quot; vs. ставить &quot;to put, to erect&quot;, встряхнуть &quot;to shake up&quot; vs. стряхнуть &quot;to shake off&quot;, вступить &quot;to enter, to accede&quot; vs. ступить &quot;to step&quot;, всучить &quot;to give against recipient's wish&quot; vs. сучить &quot;to twist, roll out&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-11-25T12:10:50.257" LastActivityDate="2015-11-25T12:10:50.257" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11236" CreationDate="2015-11-25T11:50:49.443" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Всегда is pronounced with the sound [f] (&quot;ф&quot;) which is short and quiet, but not silent.  You cannot pronounce it without [f].  You can hear the correct pronuncation here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/всегда&lt;/a&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-11-25T11:50:49.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11241" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11237" CreationDate="2015-11-25T12:03:19.330" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Синий или кра́сный — Который цвет более красивый?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, actually you may say any of &quot;&lt;em&gt;какой&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;который&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;em&gt;который из&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, but &quot;&lt;em&gt;который&lt;/em&gt;&quot; here seems to be the least used of three. Also note that pronouncing interrogative pronoun &quot;&lt;em&gt;который&lt;/em&gt;&quot; requires some stress on it. Otherwise it may be confused with pronoun &quot;that&quot; or indefinite &quot;some&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-11-25T12:03:19.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11237" CreationDate="2015-11-25T12:13:31.180" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You wrote:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Синий или кра́сный — Который цвет более красивый?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Какой&lt;/code&gt; would be correct in this sentence, while the word &lt;code&gt;который&lt;/code&gt; is unusual at best. (Besides, the word &lt;code&gt;который&lt;/code&gt; (or &lt;code&gt;какой&lt;/code&gt;) starts with a small letter, and &lt;code&gt;более красивый&lt;/code&gt;, while grammatically correct, is considered a poor style. Use comparative degree instead of &lt;code&gt;более&lt;/code&gt; whenever possible.)  You should ask:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Синий или красный — какой цвет красивее?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, as an interrogative word you should use &lt;code&gt;какой&lt;/code&gt;, unless you ask about ordinal number (&lt;code&gt;который день вы больны?&lt;/code&gt; etc.), or in an idiom &lt;code&gt;который час?&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a relative pronoun, you should almost always use &lt;code&gt;который&lt;/code&gt; rather than &lt;code&gt;какой&lt;/code&gt;.  Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;The Ticket That Exploded&quot; — «Билет, который лопнул» &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;The Man Who Was  Thursday&quot; — «Человек, который был Четвергом» &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;A Moveable Feast&quot; — «Праздник, который всегда с тобой» (lit. &lt;em&gt;A feast which is always with you&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Note also differences in capitalization and punctuation.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;какой&lt;/code&gt; is used as a relative pronoun only in expressions like &lt;code&gt;какой не жалко&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;какой поплоше&lt;/code&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2015-11-25T20:09:24.350" LastActivityDate="2015-11-25T20:09:24.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11243" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11234" CreationDate="2015-11-25T14:29:58.457" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это может ещё означать &quot;это мне не подходит&quot;. Например, у Филатова: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне бы шпагу, да коня,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Да на линию огня,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  А дворцовые интрижки -&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Это всё не про меня&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1833" LastActivityDate="2015-11-25T14:29:58.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11236" CreationDate="2015-11-25T15:40:12.860" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The [f] is definitely there, but it's a barely perceptible short puff of air, as when you blow on something. On many recordings, it blends into the background noise. It does, however, affect the [sʲ] that follows, giving it a lower-than-usual acoustic pitch, and that &lt;em&gt;might&lt;/em&gt; be a subconscious cue that the [f] is there even when one can't hear it. (I used to work as a sound engineer, so caveat that &quot;when you've got a hammer, everything looks like a nail&quot; is a possibility here.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, what you might try to do is put your lips in the position for [f] and then start pronouncing the [sʲ] while you're still unrounding your lips. To some degree, it's what we all do, the [f] being as short as it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-11-25T15:40:12.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11236" CreationDate="2015-11-25T16:38:46.400" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The German F [f] sound is really different from its Russian counterpart, the German [f] is fortis, that is very strong and noisy, while the Russian [f] is rather slight and lenis. When Germans speak Russian, very often they have a noticeable German accent which is perceived by Russians as if Germans say voiceless consonants instead of their voiced counterparts, e. g. the word &lt;strong&gt;девочка&lt;/strong&gt; said by a German sounds to the Russian ear as if &lt;strong&gt;тефочка&lt;/strong&gt; was pronounced. That is because the German voiced &lt;em&gt;lenis&lt;/em&gt; consonants are weak, and for Russians they sound as the corresponding Russian voiceles consonants which are also &lt;em&gt;lenis&lt;/em&gt;. This feature, the substitution of the voiced with the voiceless in the speech of a character, is often used in Russian literature, films, etc. to show that the person is of German origin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of this, I can give you a tip. In the Russian words beginning with вс-, just try to do the reverse of what I explained above, pronounce the German voiced lenis W [v] in the beginning of such words, not the voiceless fortis F [f], that is, read such words as they are written, and you will get the Russian [f] sound that almost perfectly corresponds to how Russians pronounce it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-11-25T16:38:46.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11237" CreationDate="2015-11-25T16:39:46.147" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;который&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; &lt;em&gt;in a question&lt;/em&gt; is usually applied to items not too much different in their qualities like colour. For example, if there are just 3 baloons (white, blue and red), it's much more likely to hear the question &quot;тебе &lt;em&gt;какой&lt;/em&gt; шарик купить?&quot; (thus inviting to choose its colour). If all 3 baloons are e.g. red, the similar question &quot;тебе &lt;em&gt;который&lt;/em&gt; шарик?&quot; is quite likely to hear and it means 'which one' (invites the other person to point at the item's position, not to call its colour, etc.). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, along with selection of smth. within a &lt;strong&gt;small group&lt;/strong&gt; of items, the usage of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;который&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in a question is also limited to &lt;strong&gt;similar items&lt;/strong&gt;. This explains why this version of a question is so rare compared to the version with &quot;&lt;strong&gt;какой&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; which is OK to use in both examples above, the only difference (different vs. similar items) being in type of the expected answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-11-25T16:39:46.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11236" CreationDate="2015-11-25T19:18:21.390" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hm, your post reminded me that a lot of russian 1,5-3 years old children (including mine!) who are starting speaking, struggle with ф sound - &lt;em&gt;сегда&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;всегда&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сем&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;всем&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;стать&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;встать&lt;/em&gt; etc - may be they just do not hear it like you? :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answering your question - people may understand you as we do understand our children but your pronunciation will be a bit &quot;childish&quot; for them. Also, people who do not expect &quot;childish&quot; speaking from adult may not understand you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="486" LastActivityDate="2015-11-25T19:18:21.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11236" CreationDate="2015-11-25T19:23:58.807" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a clear audible difference to native speakers. If my kids said &lt;code&gt;седга&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;всегда&lt;/code&gt; I would tell them this mistake would result in being quickly whisked off to &lt;code&gt;Лубянка&lt;/code&gt; if they were in Russia as a spy  with the &quot;legend&quot; of being a native Russian :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible the reason you are not picking it up is in the quality of the audio. See if you can find any Russian native speakers in your area and have them show you the proper pronunciation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6280" LastActivityDate="2015-11-25T19:23:58.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11249" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11251" CreationDate="2015-11-26T09:12:37.217" Score="5" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;p&gt;Difference between &quot;платить&quot; and &quot;отбашливаться&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between the two? Apart from the latter one being slang.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6334" LastActivityDate="2015-11-26T10:11:11.857" Title="Difference between &quot;платить&quot; and &quot;отбашливаться&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11249" CreationDate="2015-11-26T10:07:04.830" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Платить&lt;/em&gt; means simply &lt;em&gt;to pay&lt;/em&gt;. About &lt;em&gt;отбашливаться&lt;/em&gt;, I never heard such word, yet as there's jargon / colloquial &lt;em&gt;башлять&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;забашлять&lt;/em&gt;), it could be some arbitrarily made up reflexive/imperfective form of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Slanguish &lt;em&gt;башлять&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;to pay off&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;to bribe&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-11-26T10:07:04.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11251" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11249" CreationDate="2015-11-26T10:11:11.857" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отбашляться&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;to pay off someone&quot;, to avoid some kind of trouble by paying money: bail yourself out of jail, bribe an official who's threatening you with a legal penalty, pay someone whose car you have scratched on site to avoid dealing with insurance etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a slang word similar in meaning to neutral &lt;em&gt;откупиться&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;отплатиться&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Платить&lt;/em&gt; is a neutral word meaning &quot;to pay&quot;. Its slang counterpart with the same root would be &lt;em&gt;башлять&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-11-26T10:11:11.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11255" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11256" CreationDate="2015-11-27T14:55:59.330" Score="4" ViewCount="310" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I naively translate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дай, Никита, мне одеться:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В митрополии звонят.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    (&lt;em&gt;Александр Сергеевич Пушкин,  март 1821—1822&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot apreciate the literary value of these verses. Pushkin is said to have had a servant called precisely &lt;em&gt;Nikita&lt;/em&gt;; then it makes sense he calls him to bring him clothes. Then I don't know what sort of place &lt;em&gt;митрополия&lt;/em&gt; is, can it be precisely located? And could I translate the last line as &lt;em&gt;in (the) Metropolija sounds/they call&lt;/em&gt;.? Or does it mean the &lt;em&gt;metropoly&lt;/em&gt;, a specific big city?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditDate="2017-11-21T11:19:19.643" LastActivityDate="2017-11-21T11:19:19.643" Title="Pushkin's shortest poem's meaning" Tags="&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11255" CreationDate="2015-11-27T15:21:00.117" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friends-partners.org/friends/literature/19century/pushkin/givnikm.html(opt,mozilla,unix,russian,koi8,new)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this source&lt;/a&gt; Митрополия is a palace of митрополит (a head of church province) which also has a church:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Митрополия - резиденция митрополита с церковью при ней.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the document linked there are also other verses and comments to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2015-11-27T15:21:00.117" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11230" CreationDate="2015-11-28T07:07:38.177" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нам по пути буквально означает, что хоть и конечная цель путешествия может отличаться, направление движения общее и часть дороги можно проделать вместе. В переносном смысле под путём может подразумеваться какое-то общее дело, которое, имея общие цели, можно делать в сотрудничестве. Например, во Вторую мировую войну СССР по отношению к США могло сказать, что в деле уничтожения нацистов нам с вами по пути.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastActivityDate="2015-11-28T07:07:38.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11258" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11260" CreationDate="2015-11-28T07:10:56.553" Score="5" ViewCount="411" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does &quot;уииииии&quot; mean?  Is it an extended acronym?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example here (&lt;a href=&quot;http://risovach.ru/upload/2014/08/mem/filosoraptor_58953516_orig_.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://risovach.ru/upload/2014/08/mem/filosoraptor_58953516_orig_.jpg&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Pt0iL.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Pt0iL.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or here (&lt;a href=&quot;http://demotivatori.net/sozdanije/posters2/b04a316a10e7e609a6d0c7de158451be.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://demotivatori.net/sozdanije/posters2/b04a316a10e7e609a6d0c7de158451be.png&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QsSp6.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QsSp6.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6344" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-02T09:24:38.033" LastActivityDate="2015-12-02T09:24:38.033" Title="&quot;Уииииии&quot; appears frequently in social media. What does it mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11258" CreationDate="2015-11-28T09:28:19.163" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ds31EJ2cXPQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ds31EJ2cXPQ&lt;/a&gt; - &quot;уииииии&quot; is sound effect like in this video&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4843" LastActivityDate="2015-11-28T09:28:19.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11258" CreationDate="2015-11-28T09:46:25.240" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;уииииии&quot; it's just the sound that you issue being crowded emotions when sliding down the snow slides or water slides, or something like that. Or when you get for something big, long expected, an awesome thing or event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2015-11-28T09:46:25.240" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11263" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-28T18:07:20.013" Score="11" ViewCount="1063" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I wanted to say the phrase 'too expensive' in Russian. The word for 'too' is слишком. And the word for 'expensive' is 'дорогая'. Then why (according to google translate which I'm assuming is correct here) does the ending of дорогая change - and 'too expensive' is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;слишком дорого&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Help would be greatly appreciated.&#xA;Thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6346" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T07:18:41.960" Title="'Too expensive' in Russian" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11263" CreationDate="2015-11-28T18:39:56.787" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian is an inflecting language, meaning that endings change all the time for every possible reason. Russian has six cases for nouns and adjectives; on top of that, adjectives inflect for gender, number, and animateness to agree with the (explicit or presumed) noun they're describing; on top of that, Russian adjectives have a &quot;short&quot; or predicate form, which is basically a way of saying e.g. &quot;is expensive&quot; without using &quot;is&quot;, which Russian generally omits. That makes for a total of 31 forms that a Russian adjective can take; the endings on a handful of them are identical, but that's still over twenty possible endings. So unless you're familiar with the inflection system, you need the entire sentence to know the ending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google Translate (despite generally being a rather perfunctory tool) gave you the best translation for &quot;too expensive&quot; as a standalone phrase (as in &quot;Nah, too expensive&quot;). Here, &lt;strong&gt;дорого&lt;/strong&gt; is technically the adverb &quot;expensively&quot; (while it's also the neuter predicate form, which is how many Russian adverbs are formed). &lt;strong&gt;Дорогая&lt;/strong&gt; is the feminine nominative singular. The default/&quot;dictionary&quot; form of a Russian adjective is the masculine nom. sg., which would be &lt;strong&gt;дорогой&lt;/strong&gt;. Here's &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9#.D0.9C.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.84.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D0.B8_.D1.81.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D1.81.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B0_2&quot;&gt;the complete declension&lt;/a&gt; on Wiktionary. The ending you need might be any of them, depending, like I said, on the exact thing you want to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-11-28T18:39:56.787" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11258" CreationDate="2015-11-29T02:41:23.630" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would this not simply be a calque of the English word &quot;whee!&quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6348" LastActivityDate="2015-11-29T02:41:23.630" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11267" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-29T07:49:37.830" Score="7" ViewCount="184" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Spread thin' is a phrase commonly used in reference to a person who has too many responsibilities. For example: &quot;Between his job at the factory, being a dedicated father, and taking university classes online, Tom is spread pretty thin.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are some ways to translate this expression and similar ones of 'juggling too many balls at once,' 'having a lot on one's plate,' or 'biting off more than one can chew?' (I would say all these have roughly the same meaning of having more work than one can easily manage.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T14:28:04.873" Title="To say someone is 'spread thin'" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11267" CreationDate="2015-11-29T08:58:33.403" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's consider the following variants:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Разрываться на части&lt;/em&gt; - &quot;tear oneself to pieces&quot;; (unsuccessfully) trying to do many jobs at once&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Девочка-семиделочка&lt;/em&gt; - &quot;girl having seven jobs at once&quot;; applies to women only&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Наш пострел везде поспел&lt;/em&gt; - doesn't really mean the person fails, but rather his all-round activity is pretty annoying, quite often said with irony&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Крутиться как белка в колесе&lt;/em&gt; - Russian variant of &quot;squirrel in a wheel&quot; which is close to &quot;having one's plate full&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2015-11-30T14:28:04.873" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T14:28:04.873" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11269" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11263" CreationDate="2015-11-29T16:49:32.850" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This can be&#xA;слишком дорого, слишком дорогой, слишком дорогая, слишком дорогие&#xA;or&#xA;очень дорого, очень дорогой, очень дорогая, очень дорогие&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6351" LastActivityDate="2015-11-29T16:49:32.850" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11263" CreationDate="2015-11-29T21:01:11.997" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase, that is the full sentence, &quot;Too expensive&quot;, in general is слишком дорого. Whereas &quot;This is&quot; or &quot;It is&quot; is missing, as well as Это. Дóрого counts as adverbe, because it is a valuation (Шелякин, §107, п.10, ч.2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, when it intends from the context, to a subject, say a car, that is missing in the sentence, then it is an adjective and goes with its gender. For example, when the words &quot;The car is&quot; are missing: слишком дорогая, or слишком дорогá  because машина is missing. It can be the full or short form in this case (Шелякин, §30, п.6.3, ч.3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally with Слишком дорого you are on the safe side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When part of a sentence is missing (It is..., Это...) , it is called &quot;incomplete sentence&quot; in the russian grammar. (Шелякин, §99, п.2, последний абзац, by indication)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally a native and grammar-knowledgeable russian confirms that до́рого here is an adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6353" LastEditorUserId="6353" LastEditDate="2015-11-30T01:33:32.993" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T01:33:32.993" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11263" CreationDate="2015-11-30T05:12:26.387" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to add something to other questions. There's another word that can be used interchangeably with &quot;слишком&quot; in this particular case (well, actually nothing comes to my mind when I'm trying to think of example when they are not 100% synonyms) - this word is &quot;чересчур&quot;. So, &quot;чересчур дорогой&quot;/&quot;чересчур дорогая&quot; is a valid translation as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-11-30T07:18:41.960" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T07:18:41.960" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11272" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11273" CreationDate="2015-11-30T08:29:15.233" Score="6" ViewCount="266" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;Отец не имеет прав на ребёнка.&lt;/strong&gt;, прав is in the genitive plural. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in &lt;strong&gt;Все имеют недостатки, но не все - способности.&lt;/strong&gt;, способности is in the accusative plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this the case, when both follow иметь and не?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T03:43:55.507" Title="Accusative vs. Genitive Case after не иметь" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11272" CreationDate="2015-11-30T08:42:08.650" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically, the case of noun may vary depending on the meaning of &lt;em&gt;иметь&lt;/em&gt; (own, use, simply link-verb etc.). But in this particular case that's because of &lt;em&gt;negation&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider, &lt;em&gt;Отец имеет права на ребёнка&lt;/em&gt; (Accusative), but &lt;em&gt;Отец не имеет прав на ребёнка&lt;/em&gt; (Genitive).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's like this, because of the language history and incomplete replacement of Genitive by Accusative. The whole story is quite complicated and may confuse even native speakers, but for our example we may confine only to this: &lt;strong&gt;не иметь&lt;/strong&gt; requires &lt;strong&gt;Genitive case&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may find more following this link: &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/22-spravka/letters/67-otr&quot;&gt;Какой падеж нужен при отрицании?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-11-30T08:59:25.153" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T08:59:25.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11274" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11275" CreationDate="2015-11-30T16:32:55.723" Score="1" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сonsider these 3 sentences that contain стала (feminine past tense form of стать):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) &lt;strong&gt;Она стала к конвейеру.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;She worked on the assembly line.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;strong&gt;Я стала в очередь за сосисками.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;I got in line to buy hot dogs.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) &lt;strong&gt;Я стала на ковёр в спальне.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;I stood on the carpet in the bedroom.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;стать is quite versatile. For example, it appears to replace работать (to work) in sentence 1, and стоять (to stand) in sentence 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can стать mean so many things? When is it appropriate to use стать versus more specific verbs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-02T09:31:46.763" LastActivityDate="2015-12-02T09:31:46.763" Title="&quot;Стать&quot; versus specific verbs" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11274" CreationDate="2015-11-30T16:54:35.007" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, there is no contradiction, and &lt;strong&gt;стать&lt;/strong&gt; does not have that many meanings as your English translations of those sentences suggest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Стать&lt;/strong&gt; is a perfective verb that generally means 'to stand', and since it is perfective, the connotations are '&lt;em&gt;to come to a place and remain standing there&lt;/em&gt;', so:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) &lt;em&gt;Она стала к конвейеру&lt;/em&gt; means 'She came up to the assembly line and remained working there.' = 'She began working at the assembly line.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) &lt;em&gt;Я стала в очередь за сосисками&lt;/em&gt; means 'I came up to the line to buy hot dogs and remained standing there.' = 'I stood into the line to buy hot dogs.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) &lt;em&gt;Я стала на ковёр в спальне&lt;/em&gt; means 'I came into the bedroom, stood onto the carpet there, and remained standing on it.' = 'I stood on the carpet in the bedroom.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2015-11-30T16:59:55.170" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T16:59:55.170" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11258" CreationDate="2015-11-30T17:16:57.597" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The same as Whee! in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whee&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whee&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=whee&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=whee&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Means nothing in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5373" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T17:16:57.597" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11277" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11279" CreationDate="2015-11-30T18:23:50.737" Score="4" ViewCount="288" Body="&lt;p&gt;In [modern] Russian media literal translation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Я сделал(а) это!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is being commonly used. Is there better way to translate this expression? Or is there equivalent expression that can be used that would convey similar meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5373" LastActivityDate="2015-12-01T09:16:34.387" Title="&quot;I did it!&quot; - is there better translation?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11278" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11277" CreationDate="2015-11-30T18:52:07.607" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Use an impersonate construction like &lt;em&gt;получилось!&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;удалось!&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;у меня вышло!&lt;/em&gt; and similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T18:52:07.607" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11277" CreationDate="2015-11-30T18:52:08.403" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;You ask about the best &lt;em&gt;translation&lt;/em&gt; which is hard to say without a context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я сделал это&lt;/em&gt; really exists in the last years as a calque from English. Should it be used or not - it really depends. Though I'm sure that at least on some occasions one could (and should) change it to something more common, like &lt;em&gt;Получилось&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Готово&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Сделано&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Есть!&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having said this, I don't think that &lt;em&gt;Я сделал это&lt;/em&gt; should be absolutely inadmissible. After all, people do say like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-11-30T18:52:08.403" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11280" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-11-30T23:52:40.367" Score="5" ViewCount="2025" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a rule if next word begins with a vowel you should use 'oб', if not, you should use 'о'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in the example from the title, it should be 'о меня', but I heard a lot of times people are saying, for example, 'ударился об меня'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1409" LastEditorUserId="1409" LastEditDate="2015-12-01T21:35:24.077" LastActivityDate="2019-10-21T08:59:44.170" Title="&quot;Об меня&quot; or &quot;о меня&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11280" CreationDate="2015-12-01T02:00:06.147" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;De-facto &quot;об меня&quot; is used way more frequently than &quot;о меня&quot;. &#xA;Try to search in Yandex or Google phrases (quotes stands for exact matching in both search engines) &quot;о меня ноги&quot; and &quot;об меня ноги&quot;. This phrase is a part of very common idiom &quot;вытирать об кого-то ноги&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll see that &quot;об&quot; form is a clearer winner. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, the same holds true for &quot;о тебя&quot;/&quot;об тебя&quot;, &quot;о неё&quot;/&quot;об неё&quot;, &quot;о него&quot;/&quot;об него&quot; forms but not for &quot;о нас&quot;/&quot;об нас&quot;, &quot;о них&quot;/&quot;об них&quot;. For &quot;нас&quot;, &quot;них&quot; the &quot;o &quot; form is prevalent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-01T05:13:10.097" LastActivityDate="2015-12-01T05:13:10.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11282" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-01T07:13:44.413" Score="10" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;Turnoff is a word that is used when you've suddenly loose interest in something.&#xA;For instance, a woman goes on a date with somebody and this somebody get drunk too much. Than she can say something like &quot;Sorry, but your behaviour was total turnoff&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Intuitively this is a very common concept but I'm failing to think of any good match in Ruassian. &quot;Разочарование&quot; is a different thing. What else? &quot;Как отрезало&quot; sounds like something actually more relevant but it's difficult to construct the whole phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-01T07:19:38.743" LastActivityDate="2015-12-01T09:36:10.630" Title="How to say &quot;turnoff&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11282" CreationDate="2015-12-01T07:18:35.727" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd go with &lt;em&gt;охладеть&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;охлаждение&lt;/em&gt; if a noun is needed), though some people may think that it belongs to XIX century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another word which certainly comes to mind is &lt;em&gt;отвращение&lt;/em&gt;, because it almost literally coincides with &lt;em&gt;turnoff&lt;/em&gt;. Unfortunately it has too strong connotation with &lt;em&gt;disgust&lt;/em&gt;, so one may want to choose some less insulting word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course there are more options, such as &lt;em&gt;стал противен&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;омерзителен&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;неприятен&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;перестал для меня существовать&lt;/em&gt; or just &lt;em&gt;разонравился&lt;/em&gt;, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-12-01T09:36:10.630" LastActivityDate="2015-12-01T09:36:10.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11277" CreationDate="2015-12-01T09:16:34.387" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This phrase sounds very stupid. I would replace it with&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня получилось&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-12-01T09:16:34.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11285" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11286" CreationDate="2015-12-01T13:36:41.470" Score="13" ViewCount="496" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can it be explained how the phrase &lt;em&gt;Есть!&lt;/em&gt; came to be used in the military when someone accepts an order?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4432" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-02T08:56:40.297" LastActivityDate="2015-12-02T09:11:30.527" Title="Etymology of &quot;Есть!&quot; (military command)" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11285" CreationDate="2015-12-01T14:18:35.077" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some search showed that it might be derived from English &amp;quot;yes&amp;quot;. From &lt;a href=&quot;http://vasmer.narod.ru/p196.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Этимологический словарь Фасмера&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово: есть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ближайшая этимология: II. &amp;quot;слушаю(сь)&amp;quot;, воен. Из англ. yes &amp;quot;да, есть&amp;quot;, сближенного по народн. этимологии с есть I; см. Томсон 347.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-12-01T14:18:35.077" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11280" CreationDate="2015-12-01T17:12:14.653" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;На соседнем сайте &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/5240/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BE-%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D0%B1&quot;&gt;ответили&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Правила есть. Но в полном виде они весьма сложные. Полностью их можно&#xA;  найти в &quot;Орфоэпическом словаре&quot; под редакцией Аванесова,&#xA;  сопроводительная статья. Там разбору посвящено несколько абзацев,&#xA;  перепечатывать сюда нет никакой возможности. Обратите внимание, что&#xA;  о/об может управлять как винительным, так и предложным падежом,&#xA;  правила употребления о/об там разные. Кстати, если еще вариат &quot;обо&quot;:&#xA;  &quot;обо что&quot;, &quot;обо всем&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T13:00:13.870" LastActivityDate="2015-12-01T17:12:14.653" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11290" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11293" CreationDate="2015-12-02T07:29:14.820" Score="8" ViewCount="472" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference in meaning between the following pairs?&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1a) Я &lt;strong&gt;хочу&lt;/strong&gt; овчарку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1b) Мне &lt;strong&gt;хочется&lt;/strong&gt; овчарку.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2a) Он так &lt;strong&gt;хотел&lt;/strong&gt; новую машину!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2b) Ему так &lt;strong&gt;хотелось&lt;/strong&gt; новую машину!&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3a) Я &lt;strong&gt;захотел&lt;/strong&gt; поесть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3b) Мне &lt;strong&gt;захотелось&lt;/strong&gt; поесть.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4a) Ребёнок &lt;strong&gt;захотел&lt;/strong&gt; конфету.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4b) Ребёнку &lt;strong&gt;захотелось&lt;/strong&gt; конфету.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="6354" LastEditDate="2015-12-03T12:26:23.713" LastActivityDate="2015-12-03T12:26:23.713" Title="&quot;хотеть&quot; versus impersonal &quot;хотеться&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11285" CreationDate="2015-12-02T08:51:09.200" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a snippet from an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/quiz/690/&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; titled &quot;Почему российские военные отвечают на приказ «Есть!»?&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Петр I отрядил на корабли солдат из «потешного войска», а для их&#xA;  обучения наняли англичан с торговых кораблей, зимовавших в&#xA;  Архангельске. Охотников перейти на русскую службу нашлось немного —&#xA;  всего по два человека на галеру. Русские должны были повторять все&#xA;  действия британцев. В частности, получив приказ, отвечать: Yes, sir!&#xA;  («Да, сэр»).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the article claims that dates back to the end of XVII-th century!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be honest, though, just like @Vilmar, I've failed to find any other decent explanations, I'm very surprised. Never thought about this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-02T09:11:30.527" LastActivityDate="2015-12-02T09:11:30.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11290" CreationDate="2015-12-02T15:47:47.720" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's acceptable but stylistically flawed to use the impersonal construct with an identified direct object (one which you would have used with &amp;quot;the&amp;quot; in English).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You examples 1b and 4b sound a little bit peculiar out of context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1b would have made sense in this conversation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Я обещал тебе на день рождения собаку. Хочешь, я куплю тебе таксу?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Спасибо, но мне хочется овчарку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, which makes clear it's not about any particular dog but rather the breed in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4b is better worded this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ребёнку захотелось конфет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ребёнку захотелось конфеты&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, again, for the same reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-12-02T17:09:26.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11295" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-03T10:13:06.347" Score="5" ViewCount="271" Body="&lt;p&gt;With most verbs, the difference between the imperfective and perfective forms is obvious to me. But not so with хотеть(ся) and захотеть(ся), perhaps because &quot;to want&quot; is a state or condition, and not a clear cut action like &quot;to read&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between the following pairs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1a) Мне хотелось поесть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1b) Мне &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;хотелось поесть.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2a) Детям хочется спать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2b) Детям &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;хочется спать.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3a) Ребёнок хотел конфету.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3b) Ребёнок &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;хотел конфету.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4a) Они хотят учиться в Гарварде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4b) Они &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;хотят учиться в Гарварде.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="6354" LastEditDate="2015-12-03T12:23:24.327" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T06:33:20.583" Title="Imperfective &quot;хотеть(ся)&quot; versus perfective &quot;захотеть(ся)&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11296" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11297" CreationDate="2015-12-03T11:33:22.430" Score="2" ViewCount="175" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shouldn't it be in nominative form, not (I assume) genitive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2015-12-17T22:00:00.583" Title="&quot;Отца не стало в июне.&quot; Why is Отца not Отец?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11296" CreationDate="2015-12-03T12:22:31.393" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;не стало + gen.&lt;/em&gt; (literally, &amp;quot;it stopped being for smb. / smth.&amp;quot;) means &amp;quot;this thing is not there anymore&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня нет машины // I don't have a car&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вчера у меня не стало машины // Since yesterday I don't have a car anymore&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вчера у меня не было машины // Yesterday I didn't have a car&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отца не стало в июне&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;father is not there anymore since June&amp;quot;, which is an euphemism for &amp;quot;father died in June&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-12-03T12:22:31.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11298" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11303" CreationDate="2015-12-03T13:59:24.887" Score="4" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read that the translation of &quot;what do you mean?&quot; is &lt;strong&gt;что вы имеете ввиду?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Which is the correct or better form: &lt;strong&gt;ввиду&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;в виду&lt;/strong&gt;? Or there is no difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) What is the literal translation of &lt;strong&gt;иметь ввиду&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know &lt;strong&gt;иметь&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;to have&quot;, and according to Wiktionary &lt;strong&gt;ввиду&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;in view of&quot;, so my rough guess is that the literal translation of &lt;strong&gt;иметь ввиду&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;to have a view&quot;, and the literal translation of &lt;strong&gt;что вы имеете ввиду?&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;what view do you have?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2015-12-03T15:57:40.243" Title="Understanding иметь ввиду" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11299" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-03T14:00:44.603" Score="3" ViewCount="775" Body="&lt;p&gt;Принято ли в русской типографике выносить кавычки за линию абзаца, если кавычки открываются в начале строки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/J6J2V.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/J6J2V.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6371" LastEditorUserId="6371" LastEditDate="2015-12-04T07:23:19.950" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T07:23:19.950" Title="Кавычки в начале строки" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;&lt;typography&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11298" CreationDate="2015-12-03T14:14:53.860" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Иметь ввиду&lt;/code&gt; is a grammar mistake. The right way of writing is &lt;code&gt;Иметь в виду&lt;/code&gt;. It is an idiom meaning &lt;code&gt;to mean&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;to keep in mind&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что ты имеешь в виду?&#xA;What do you mean?&#xA;&#xA;Имей в виду, что они не согласятся с тобой.&#xA;Keep in mind that they won't agree with you.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6371" LastActivityDate="2015-12-03T14:14:53.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11301" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11302" CreationDate="2015-12-03T15:03:58.110" Score="2" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it an adverb, pronoun, or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it's a declension of весь, which case and gender is it in here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2015-12-03T15:40:36.330" Title="In &quot;Я скажу тебе всё позднее.&quot;, what is the grammatical form of всё?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11301" CreationDate="2015-12-03T15:40:36.330" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this sentence &lt;em&gt;всё&lt;/em&gt; is a pronoun. While English speakers use &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; in place of an adjective and &lt;em&gt;everything&lt;/em&gt; in place of a noun, in Russian &lt;em&gt;всё&lt;/em&gt; may stand for both (BTW. English &lt;em&gt;All&lt;/em&gt;, as a noun only, corresponds to &lt;em&gt;Все&lt;/em&gt; in Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Russian pronouns do decline, &lt;em&gt;всё&lt;/em&gt; is a neutral gender singular of &lt;em&gt;весь&lt;/em&gt; in both Nominative and Accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-12-03T15:40:36.330" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11298" CreationDate="2015-12-03T15:57:40.243" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the idiom &quot;&lt;em&gt;Иметь в виду&lt;/em&gt;&quot; only split writing is acceptable. It literally means, as you guess, &lt;em&gt;to have in a view&lt;/em&gt;, but really stands for &lt;em&gt;to mean&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet there also exists the preposition &lt;em&gt;ввиду&lt;/em&gt; (obviously made of the split form &lt;em&gt;в виду&lt;/em&gt; - it's quite a common thing in Russian), which means &lt;em&gt;due to&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;because of&lt;/em&gt;. Actually you can compose some meaningful sentence using &lt;em&gt;иметь&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ввиду&lt;/em&gt;, but probably it wouldn't be what &lt;em&gt;Вы имели в виду&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-12-03T15:57:40.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11304" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11309" CreationDate="2015-12-03T17:19:18.270" Score="1" ViewCount="811" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am new to Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What гласные are not allowed after к, г, х and ж, ш, ч, щ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And what гласные are allowed in this case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6372" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-12-04T16:39:09.047" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T16:39:09.047" Title="Гласные после к, г, х/ж, ш, ч, щ" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11304" CreationDate="2015-12-03T18:03:30.910" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, э is normally used only as a first letter of the word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise:&#xA;чя-щя&#xA;чю-щю&#xA;жы-шы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are disallowed explicitly.&#xA;I can't remember any words with e.g. чы in normal Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-12-03T18:03:30.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11306" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11308" CreationDate="2015-12-03T19:44:48.233" Score="2" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a few verbs that will indicate that the following word is in instrumental case. Do you know what those verbs are?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6372" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T08:58:20.590" Title="What verbs drive instrumental case?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11299" CreationDate="2015-12-03T19:53:49.103" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Российская типографика - весьма негреламентированная зона. Типографику можно условно разделить на три этапа (там дальше можно и мельче делить, но основных три). Это дореволюционная, советская и постоветская. Типографика бывает плакатная, газетная, книжная, у каждой немножко свои правила и традиции, это тоже можно иметь ввиду. Так что имейте ввиду, мой ответ упрощенный до предела. Но всё-таки ответ ))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Начнём с дореволюционной. Да, было принято выносить:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/K6qKR.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/K6qKR.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ci4Wz.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ci4Wz.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Советская типографика и дизайн корнями изначально уходила в дореволюционную - всё, что мы ассоциируем с раннесоветским на самом деле эволюционное продолжение дореволюционного. Даже Окна сатиры РОСТА. Вот, например, раннесоветский плакат (1927-й год):&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/h4L0b.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/h4L0b.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дальше было по-разному, но если упрощать - правило постепенно нарушалось всё чаще и в конце концов перестало быть правилом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот киноплакат 47-го года:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/lKoid.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/lKoid.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А вот это уже - 58-й:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uaBs6.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uaBs6.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот 70-й:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Rnp2B.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Rnp2B.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сейчас даже занудные пуристы, настаивающие на использование кавычек-ёлочек уже не обращают внимание на подобные нюансы - выравнивают с кавычкой:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mIAVY.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mIAVY.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Gmz6N.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Gmz6N.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В целом же это своего рода &quot;левый&quot; аналог (ну или часть её &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_punctuation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;часть&lt;/a&gt; - это вопрос терминологии) так называемой висячей пунктуации - это когда при выравнивании по правой границе за неё выносятся знаки пунктуации, в том числе и кавычки. Висячая пунктуация используется по факту мало где, но многими людьми, провессионально занимающимися русской типографикой всё-таки считается хорошим тоном в определённых случаях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-04T02:08:22.283" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T02:08:22.283" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11306" CreationDate="2015-12-03T20:00:48.500" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a lot of such verbs.&#xA;Technically if you can remake sentence with using &lt;em&gt;by&lt;/em&gt; + &lt;em&gt;participle&lt;/em&gt; or just using &lt;em&gt;participle&lt;/em&gt;, or you can say that some action was made &lt;em&gt;with&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;via&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;by way of&lt;/em&gt; something as an instrument it may be instrumental case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я  написал письмо  пером.&lt;/code&gt;           ['ʝа nɐpʲɪ'sɑɫ pʲɪsʲ'mo pʲɪ'rom]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;I  wrote   (the) letter    with (a) quill pen.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;I  wrote   (the) letter    by (using) (a) quill pen.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Говорит она сама с собою.&lt;/code&gt; [gɐvɐ'rʲit ɐ'nа sɐ'ma sɐ'boju]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;She speaks to (with) herself.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Они решили перейти реку бродом.&lt;/code&gt; [ɐ'nʲi rʲɪ'ʂɨlʲɪ pʲɪrʲɪj'tʲi 'rʲeku 'brodɐm]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;They decided to cross the river via wade.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6165" LastEditorUserId="6165" LastEditDate="2015-12-04T08:58:20.590" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T08:58:20.590" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11304" CreationDate="2015-12-03T20:04:30.517" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In writing:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt; is never used after &lt;em&gt;ж, ш, щ, ч&lt;/em&gt; and only used after &lt;em&gt;ц&lt;/em&gt; in several roots (&lt;em&gt;цыплёнок, цыган, цыпка&lt;/em&gt; etc.) and on morpheme boundaries: &lt;em&gt;огурцы&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;куцый&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ю&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;э&lt;/em&gt; are only used after &lt;em&gt;ж, ш, щ, ч, ц&lt;/em&gt; in several loanwords and transcriptions: &lt;em&gt;жюри, жюльен, брошюра, парашют, пшют, амбушюр, Жюль, Чюрлёнис, Шютц, Шэрон, Шэньчжэнь&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Iotized back vowels (&lt;em&gt;я, ё, ю&lt;/em&gt;) are mostly used in loanwords after &lt;em&gt;к, г, х&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;закят, кёрлинг, гюрза&lt;/em&gt;, etc. However, Russian tends to cancel palatalization after velars, so vernacular forms like &lt;em&gt;пекёт, жгёт, могёт&lt;/em&gt; are used more and more frequently, and the form &lt;em&gt;ткёт&lt;/em&gt; (instead of obsolete &lt;em&gt;*тчёт&lt;/em&gt;) even made it into the literary norm. Unlike other Slavic languages, &lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; are pretty common after velars: &lt;em&gt;на ноге, на руке&lt;/em&gt; (compare Belarusian &lt;em&gt;на назе, на руцэ&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;э&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt;, on the other hand, are almost never used after velars (&lt;em&gt;к, г, х&lt;/em&gt;) in Russian, except in some loanwords (&lt;em&gt;гэльский, хычин, гымза&lt;/em&gt; etc.) and several onomatopoeic words (&lt;em&gt;хых, гы, кыш&lt;/em&gt; and similar). Old Russian had it the other way around (velars were always hard before the front vowels), and some remnants of this can still be observed in old Moscow pronunciation (traditionally used on stage in Moscow theaters), which uses &lt;em&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt; after velars on morpheme boundaries: &lt;em&gt;русскый&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;долгый&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In speech, &lt;em&gt;ж, ш, ц&lt;/em&gt; are always hard (non-palatalized), while &lt;em&gt;щ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ч&lt;/em&gt; are always soft (palatalized) in Russian. Hence, all differences in writing are purely etymological: there are no differences at all between the first syllables in &lt;em&gt;цыпка&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;цирк&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;жёлоб&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;жопа&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;щётка&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Щорс&lt;/em&gt;; and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;em&gt;э&lt;/em&gt; in Russian is quite uncommon after hard consonants, if the consonant can be soft at all. So it's only used in writing for several loanwords and transcriptions (&lt;em&gt;мэр, сэр, пэр, мэтр, рэп, Сэм&lt;/em&gt; etc., mainly those that can be confused with corresponding soft consonant counterparts), and a little bit more widely in speech (&lt;em&gt;тест, секс, кафе, термос, Дели&lt;/em&gt; are all pronounced with a hard consonant before &lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt;, as if it were an &lt;em&gt;э&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian, though, tends to soften pronunciation of hard consonants before &lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;шинель, рельсы, термин&lt;/em&gt; are soft in the literary norm; &lt;em&gt;энергия, компьютер&lt;/em&gt; and several others are on their way there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;em&gt;ж, ш, ц&lt;/em&gt; are never soft in Russian, so, despite the fact &lt;em&gt;э&lt;/em&gt; is almost never written after those letters, they are still pronounced hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-12-03T20:04:30.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11295" CreationDate="2015-12-03T20:38:18.867" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне хотелось поесть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you say this out of context, the response would probably be &lt;em&gt;когда?&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;when was that?&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imperfective verbs denote &lt;strong&gt;state&lt;/strong&gt;, so &lt;em&gt;хотелось&lt;/em&gt; means that at some time in the past, you were experiencing desire to eat something, and it's not clear whether or not you want to eat now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне захотелось поесть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sentence makes sense by itself. Perfective verbs denote &lt;strong&gt;state transition&lt;/strong&gt;, so you are saying that you have switched your inner state from &quot;not wanting to eat&quot; to &quot;wanting to eat&quot; - which means you're hungry now (or were hungry at the point in time you're telling about).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-12-03T20:38:18.867" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11311" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11313" CreationDate="2015-12-04T00:44:58.353" Score="4" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would imagine that this is a tad politically sensitive, but am looking for an objective answer (not a political debate). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In everyday Russian, when someone calls themselves русский, it is safe to assume that they are of &lt;em&gt;Russian&lt;/em&gt; origin, as opposed to perhaps Belarusian? Or does the term encompass a slightly wider sphere in the mind of the average Russian speaker? Additionally, can someone of perhaps half Russian origin describe themself with such a word, or does it generally imply wholly Russian origin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4451" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T07:07:54.040" Title="Does &quot;русский&quot; refer exclusively to ethnic Russians or a wider Russo-community?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;belorussian&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11311" CreationDate="2015-12-04T01:04:51.317" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a noun русский means &quot;of Russian ethnicity&quot;. A half-Russian can call himself so, but it would be contestable, for instance, half-Russian African can hardly be called &quot;Russian&quot; becasuse of total dissimilarity in appearance. A half-Russian Jew calling himself русский may be attacked for allegedly attempting to hide his true ethnicity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also русский can mean belonging to Russian state, Russian subject, but this only when referring pre-1917 Russian Empire. Some people who are sympathizing with monarchy and &quot;good old days&quot; or want to make their words appear as 19th century style may use the word in this meaning but it is not mainstream Russian. Modern Russian uses российский instead. Such usage in referrence to modern Russia may be offensive to both Russian nationalists (who would contest that modern Russia's regime belongs to Russian ethnicity) and non-Russians who would say that Russia not necessarily should belong to ethnic Russians alone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-12-04T01:17:28.733" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T01:17:28.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11311" CreationDate="2015-12-04T01:26:29.127" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;We should examine three distinct cases. The first case is that of the numerous Russian-speaking communities outside of the Russian Federation, which do not consider themselves to be ethnic Russians. This is similar to how Irish and Scots speak English but do not consider themselves to be Englishmen. A notable quantity of Russian-speaking Ukrainians and Belorussians have no problem with speaking Russian yet identifying themselves as non-Russian in regards to their ethnicity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second group is Russian-speaking communities outside of Russia that do consider themselves to be ethnic Russians, as is the case in Moldova and in the Baltic countries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The third group consists of native people from the inner Russian republics, including the Tatars, Bashkirs, Erzya, etc. The situation of such people is similar to that of those in Brittany, France. These people have a strong and distinctive sense of national pride, and they don't identify as ethnic Russians while they are within Russia. However, when speaking with somebody who is outside of their country, the majority will casually use term &lt;em&gt;Russian&lt;/em&gt; when identifying themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In official language, however, it is more common to use term &quot;россияне&quot; rather than &quot;русские&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, being back to your question - it heavily depends on context. In particular, Belarusians prefer not to call themselves Russians. But, once again, it depends on how person identifies themselves. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-04T07:07:54.040" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T07:07:54.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11295" CreationDate="2015-12-04T06:33:20.583" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;1a vs 1b&lt;/code&gt; - As Quassnoi noticed, the difference is &quot;state transition&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;3a vs 3d&lt;/code&gt; - same difference, as for &lt;code&gt;1a vs 1b&lt;/code&gt;. Word part -&quot;ось&quot; (and also &quot;ся&quot;) does not changes anything here). In Russian, we call it &quot;returning particle&quot; or &quot;возвратная частица&quot;. Here, it just means that subject and object of action is the same. Notice that sometimes this particle have different functions. For example &quot;забрал&quot; and &quot;забрал&lt;strong&gt;ся&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; words have absolutely different meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;2a vs 2b&lt;/code&gt; - As noticed Matt, here &quot;за-&quot; changes verb tense to future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;4a vs 4b&lt;/code&gt; - Same as 2a vs 4b&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can notice, preposition &quot;за-&quot; has two different functions here: first - changing verb tense, and second - adding &quot;state transition&quot;. But to be honest, there are much more functions that &quot;за-&quot; can do with words (not only verbs). For example in these pairs of words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;делал  - ЗАделал&#xA;бросил - ЗАбросил&#xA;смотрелся (в зеркало) - ЗАсмотрелся (на кого-либо)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;за&quot; preposition has absolutely different functions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4876" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T06:33:20.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11306" CreationDate="2015-12-04T07:26:34.730" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mostly I agree with Stepan, but not fully. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually in Russian we have no instrumental case. We have &quot;творительный падеж&quot; or ablativ. It has function of instrumental case, examples of which you see in Stepan's answer, but it has also 12 more functions. You can find full list of them in &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian wiki&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the most interesting function of Russian ablativ is pointing to time or place. Check out these examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1. Я иду дорогой&#xA;2. Под мостом&#xA;3. Тем временем&#xA;4. Утром&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4876" LastEditorUserId="4876" LastEditDate="2015-12-04T07:31:59.850" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T07:31:59.850" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11180" CreationDate="2015-12-04T08:10:57.517" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with most answers, but want to notice one thing. Word &quot;поехали&quot; is in the paste tense, &lt;strong&gt;not because of prefix &quot;по&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, since &quot;ехали&quot; is also in the paste tense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes we use &lt;strong&gt;prefixes&lt;/strong&gt; to change tense of words and sometimes we use &lt;strong&gt;suffixes&lt;/strong&gt; (as here).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4876" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T08:10:57.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11125" CreationDate="2015-12-04T08:30:37.690" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Лично я использую слово &quot;человеки&quot;, когда хочу подчекнуть их индивидуальность. Т.е. не просто толпа (люди), а именно человеки (где важен каждый человек). Такое использование слова не очень распространено и не вполне грамматически корректно, но иногда бывает полезным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кстати, в примерах из других ответов: &quot;мы все люди, все человеки&quot; и &quot;убить всех человеков&quot;, думаю, используются именно этот смысловой оттенок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4876" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T08:30:37.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11318" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11319" CreationDate="2015-12-04T09:26:24.073" Score="1" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &quot;Им хотелось жить по-старому&quot;, is старому in masculine or neuter gender? Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T12:18:20.507" Title="Gender of старому in &quot;Им хотелось жить по-старому&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11318" CreationDate="2015-12-04T09:38:38.583" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;По-старому - наречие,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; у него нет мужского, женского и среднего рода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наречия — &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;неизменяемые слова&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: они не склоняются и не спрягаются, не имеют окончаний, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;не изменяются по родам&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; и числам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T09:38:38.583" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11318" CreationDate="2015-12-04T12:18:20.507" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Presumably neuter. Nounless adjectives used abstractly or referentially take the neuter singular in Russian. (Can't think of the exact term for such usage; what I'm talking about is those cases where Spanish would use &lt;em&gt;lo&lt;/em&gt;+masculine, and Latin/Ancient Greek/Church Slavonic would use the neuter plural, if that's any help. E.g. &lt;strong&gt;Лучшее — враг хорошего&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;Better things are enemies of good things.&quot;) However, at this point &lt;strong&gt;по-старому&lt;/strong&gt; is, like the previous answerer said, an adverb, and the exact etymology of adverbs is of little relevance. Just how little is demonstrated by the curious fact that the adverb &lt;strong&gt;по-русски&lt;/strong&gt; is technically malformed, being a very old contamination of &lt;em&gt;русски&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;по-русскому&lt;/em&gt; (or the archaic &lt;em&gt;по-русску&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T12:18:20.507" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11321" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-04T16:24:01.863" Score="3" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;Что считается ремой в новостных сообщениях? Возьмём, например,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бобра выловили сачком из огромной лужи в Челябинске&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С одной стороны, рема обычно стоит в конце, тогда это откуда выловили бобра - &lt;strong&gt;из огромной лужи в Челябинске&lt;/strong&gt;. С другой стороны, я бы поставил смысловое ударения скорее на &lt;strong&gt;выловили сачком&lt;/strong&gt;, а ударение обычно стоит на реме. Но новым в предложении является как раз &lt;strong&gt;бобер&lt;/strong&gt;, может быть, это он рема?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6369" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T21:01:42.293" Title="Что считается ремой в новостных сообщениях?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11322" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11324" CreationDate="2015-12-04T16:43:15.950" Score="3" ViewCount="267" Body="&lt;p&gt;I assume &quot;за сосисками&quot; translates to &quot;for hot dogs&quot;. But if за means &quot;for&quot;, shouldn't сосиска be in the plural accusative case, not instrumental case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-01-17T20:33:36.033" Title="In &quot;Я стала в очередь за сосисками&quot;, why is сосисками in the instrumental case?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11322" CreationDate="2015-12-04T16:56:10.417" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;To be completely honest with you there's not that much sense in your question. It's like to ask why particular phrasal verb in English contains exactly this combination of words. Why we are saying &quot;write it down&quot; instead of &quot;write it on&quot; - well, just because this is how it happened in language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is ruled by &quot;стоять в очереди за чем?&quot; - and this is the way it is. No other option rather than just to memoize. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-04T19:36:27.743" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T19:36:27.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11322" CreationDate="2015-12-04T16:56:18.767" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The preposition &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; has several meanings, and according to its meaning it can be used either with the Accusative case or with the Instrumental case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your sentence &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; means the reason or the object why you go somewhere, the object you plan to take or buy somewhere. In this meaning, &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; is followed with the Instrumental case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он пошёл в магазин за хлебом. - He went to the store to buy some bread.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Муж поехал в город за новым платьем для жены. - The husband went to the city to get/buy a new dress for his wife.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ему пришлось вернуться домой за ключами от машины. - He had to go back home to take his car keys.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сходи в детский садик за ребёнком! - Go to the kindergarten and take back our kid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Полиция следила за ним. - The police were following him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T16:56:18.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11322" CreationDate="2015-12-04T18:53:23.200" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most languages that use prepositions tend to have a handful of core prepositions do a terrific number of different jobs — too many to reliably predict their behaviour in another language even when the analogy seems close and clear enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;-accusative and the &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;-instrumental may both more or less translate into English as &lt;em&gt;for&lt;/em&gt;, but they're nonetheless distinct. Accusative is used when it's &lt;em&gt;for&lt;/em&gt; as in: &quot;instead of&quot;; &quot;in support of&quot;; &quot;for a price/fee of&quot;; or, &quot;in reward/punishment for&quot;. &lt;em&gt;For&lt;/em&gt; can also mean &quot;in order to acquire&quot;, and also translate as &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; in this sense, but Russian treats it as not quite the same &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; and gives it the instrumental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T18:53:23.200" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11321" CreationDate="2015-12-04T19:06:39.860" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Конечно, рема — бобер, и по-хорошему он должен стоять в конце. Это влияние бездумно копируемых англоязычных руководств по составлению заголовков — значимое в самом начале, избегать запятых. Особенно заметно на Ленте.ру, где это доводят до откровенного абсурда — например, &lt;em&gt;&quot;Сделавший похожий на бомбу будильник школьник потребовал компенсацию&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T19:06:39.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11321" CreationDate="2015-12-04T20:56:34.333" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically, rheme (or comment) is the new information you add to already established theme (or topic).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't tell what is new and what is not from grammar alone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sentence, being a news headline, is supposed to deliver some news, tell us some facts we didn't know yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a well known fact that there is a city called Chelyabinsk in Russia. No surprise it, being a Russian city, harbors a few puddles. It's mildly interesting that someone would want to use a net to catch something in a Chelyabinsk puddle. But the real punchline (and the news) is this something being no less than a beaver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Nikolay Ershov mentioned above, normally the comment goes last in a Russian sentence. So, being properly constructed, the sentence would read&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В Челябинске из огромной лужи сачком выловили бобра&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But again, the functional division is a pure semantic thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine this fictional series of headlines:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В Московском зоопарке родился шестиногий бобёр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Шестиногий бобёр любит купаться в лужах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Для ухода за бобром из Московского зоопарка был разработан специальный сачок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Шестиногий бобёр сбежал из Московского зоопарка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Третий день ведутся поиски бобра.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Бобра выловили сачком из огромной лужи в Челябинске.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this example, Chelyabinsk would have been the comment, as the fictional beaver and his habits are known to us already, and the news is that he made all the way to Urals from Moscow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-12-04T21:01:42.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2708" CreationDate="2015-12-05T08:40:45.873" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian is partly pro-drop. Not nearly as much as other Slavic languages or Romance languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This actually varies among Slavic languages. In some like Czech and Polish it is very acceptable and in fact, unmarked to omit subject (and sometimes object pronouns). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. (QW=question word)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Polish&#xA;Q: Czy kupi-ł-eś               banan-y?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;QW (perf)buy-past-2sg.MASC  banana-PL&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Did you buy bananas?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A: Tak, Kupi-ł-em&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes (perf)buy-past-1sg.MASC&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Yes I bought them (lit &quot;yes bought&quot;)&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you had the pronouns in this sentence, especially for the question, it would sound weird, like you were emphasizing &quot;YOU&quot; (did YOU buy bananas?). In Russian however... &quot;ты купил бананы?&quot; does not sound marked, and it is better to have the pronouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This same conversations couldn't happen as easily in Russian. In Russian pro-drop usually only occurs in the present and future tenses. In the past it is very confusing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*дал        им      книги &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;da-l        im      knig-i  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;give-masc  3ppl-DAT book-PL&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I/he gave them books&quot;&#xA;This sounds pretty bad and is highly ambiguous. I am sure it could happen, but would be marked, unlike in Polish, Czech, or Romance languages like Spanish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6378" LastActivityDate="2015-12-05T08:40:45.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11330" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-05T12:08:56.560" Score="3" ViewCount="381" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Google Translate, the translation of &quot;Did you have a fun night?&quot; is: &lt;em&gt;Ты должен весело ночь?&lt;/em&gt; But I suspect должен is being used in the wrong context of &quot;to have&quot; here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Yandex Translate, the translation is: &lt;em&gt;повеселилась ночью?&lt;/em&gt; But I could not find any information on повеселилась on wiktionary, so I'm suspicious about the quality of this translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="6354" LastEditDate="2015-12-05T14:26:38.850" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T14:50:06.180" Title="Translation of &quot;Did you have a fun night?&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11331" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11334" CreationDate="2015-12-05T20:14:21.187" Score="2" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;p&gt;I searched the whole forum but didn't found an appropriate answer so I would like to ask you. I'm confused about the following words which all state more or less the same. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;беспокоиться&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to worry about sth.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;тревожиться&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to get upset&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to worry about sth.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;возмущаться&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to be offended at sth.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to get angry&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to trouble over sth.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's say my translations are more or less correct, when would you use which word in which case (broadly speaking)? Many thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6381" LastActivityDate="2015-12-08T12:41:48.053" Title="Can't differentiate: беспокоиться, тревожиться, возмущаться" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11331" CreationDate="2015-12-05T20:30:58.790" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;беспокоиться&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;тревожиться&lt;/strong&gt; are synonyms. Беспокоиться is more often used. The both mean to worry. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;возмущаться&lt;/strong&gt; means to complain, make point loudly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-12-05T20:30:58.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11331" CreationDate="2015-12-06T07:56:16.833" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Беспокоиться&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;to lose comfort&lt;/em&gt;, while &lt;em&gt;тревожиться&lt;/em&gt; stands for &lt;em&gt;to feel anxiety&lt;/em&gt;. So you may translate both these words as simply &quot;&lt;em&gt;to worry&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Возмущаться&lt;/em&gt; is more tricky. Literally it means &lt;em&gt;to roil oneself&lt;/em&gt;. It may stand for either personal feeling (&lt;em&gt;resentment&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;indignation&lt;/em&gt;) or crowd's actions (&lt;em&gt;clamor&lt;/em&gt;, or even &lt;em&gt;rebellion&lt;/em&gt; sometimes).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-12-06T07:56:16.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11331" CreationDate="2015-12-06T08:08:04.260" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Беспокоиться&lt;/strong&gt; usually means to worry about something without a &lt;em&gt;specific&lt;/em&gt; reason (just for general reasons), like in a situation where one's kids are away in some other town for the first time or where one is not quite sure whether or not it's enough time for getting to the airport, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Тревожиться&lt;/strong&gt; (literally, be alarmed) typically means to worry about something for some reason, when things probably go wrong (like a family member should already have come home two hours before).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Возмущаться&lt;/strong&gt; means to feel unhappy/angry (and/or express that) about an undesired situation or persons responsible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-12-06T08:08:04.260" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11335" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11338" CreationDate="2015-12-06T14:50:06.900" Score="3" ViewCount="9676" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если &quot;одевать&quot; другого, а &quot;надевать&quot; на себя, то почему не &quot;надевайся&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4785" LastActivityDate="2015-12-06T20:49:55.973" Title="Почему &quot;надевать&quot;, но &quot;одевайся&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11335" CreationDate="2015-12-06T15:00:14.697" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Потому что надевать что-то (одежду), а одевать кого-то (человека).&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RSNLa.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RSNLa.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэтому &amp;quot;надевайся&amp;quot; звучит, как указание одежде налезть на тело.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6383" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-12-06T15:00:14.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11335" CreationDate="2015-12-06T15:39:57.620" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Дело в том, что «надевать» вовсе не означает «надевать на себя», надевать можно на кого угодно и на что угодно:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я надел кольцо на палец.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы надели на наших девушек карнавальные маски.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или даже так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Что ты на его голову надел?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;­– Сапог надел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разница же в том, что:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;одевать&lt;/em&gt; мы можем &lt;em&gt;кого-то&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;надевать&lt;/em&gt; мы можем &lt;em&gt;что-то на кого-то&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;на что-то&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;поэтому &lt;em&gt;одеваться&lt;/em&gt; значит &lt;em&gt;одевать себя&lt;/em&gt;, а &lt;em&gt;надеваться&lt;/em&gt; может значить только &lt;em&gt;надеть себя на кого-то / на что-то&lt;/em&gt;, что, по понятным причинам, в принципе не употребляется, только из-за того, что ситуации, когда человек себя на кого-то надевает крайне редки, мало кому и когда приходится о таком говорить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-12-06T15:39:57.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11339" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11340" CreationDate="2015-12-06T16:37:23.750" Score="6" ViewCount="469" Body="&lt;p&gt;When declining ordinal numbers (date). Would nominative or genitive be more natural?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Either пятый день... or &quot;Пятое&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6385" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-09T07:20:25.010" LastActivityDate="2015-12-09T07:20:25.010" Title="Ordinal numbers in russian, what is more natural to you?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11339" CreationDate="2015-12-06T16:45:19.977" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пятый день декабря&quot; is archaic, with Bible connotations, never used now, except in highly stylised fiction. &quot;Пятое декабря&quot; is standard modern Russian and used by everybody.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-12-06T16:45:19.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11339" CreationDate="2015-12-06T18:11:32.997" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use &amp;quot;пятый день (time period in genitive)&amp;quot; to mean the fifth day of a period. For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;пятый день отпуска = fifth day of a/the vacation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;пятый день забастовки = fifth day of a/the strike&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;пятый день войны = fifth day of a/the war&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;пятый день сбора урожая = fifth day of a/the harvest&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you would not usually use this for months, to mean a date. In that case you use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;пятое [число] декабря&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The neuter case is used because the noun число (number) is implyed but usually omitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But note that you cannot use this form with some unusual, allien, ancient calendar where days are numered different way so you fall back to the first form &amp;quot;пятый день of something&amp;quot; in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that you cannot use the term число (number) as a synonym for day for any Moon-based calendar, including the one used in Bible. Compare English as well: would you say &amp;quot;Nissan, 15th&amp;quot;? I doubt. It would be better to say &amp;quot;15th day of the month Nissan&amp;quot; because the listener may not even know what Nissan is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-12-06T18:51:52.903" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11342" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11343" CreationDate="2015-12-06T18:52:44.327" Score="0" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't find any information about this word on wiktionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example sentence: &lt;em&gt;Он стал на защиту обиженных.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2015-12-06T20:28:27.307" Title="Meaning and case of обиженных" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11342" CreationDate="2015-12-06T19:36:09.700" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Case is genitive (родительный падеж): стал на защиту &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;кого&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;обиженные&lt;/em&gt; means oppressed, disadvantaged (people), it is in plural form. Singular masculine would be &lt;em&gt;обиженный&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6387" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-12-06T20:28:27.307" LastActivityDate="2015-12-06T20:28:27.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11330" CreationDate="2015-12-06T19:45:10.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yandex translation is a better one. Although it is appropriate for a singular female.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google translation is rather clumsy: it chooses the meaning of obligation (должен) as a translation of the verb 'to have' in this particular case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Весело провёл ночь&quot;?: literal translation is &quot;Did you conduct (spend) a fun night?&quot;. So, it is quite idiomatic in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6387" LastActivityDate="2015-12-06T19:45:10.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11335" CreationDate="2015-12-06T20:44:15.600" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The o-/об-/обо- prefix in Russian means &quot;around&quot;. It comes from Proto-Indo-European &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;a̯entbhi&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;around&quot;, &quot;about&quot;, &quot;on the both sides&quot; from the root a̯ent- meaning &quot;end&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So одеваться means thoroughly cloth up, from all sides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надевать is to put something on from prefix на- meaning &quot;on&quot;. So you can put on a hat or gauntlets but it would not be одеваться because it is not putting clothing around you, from the all sides of your body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-12-06T20:49:55.973" LastActivityDate="2015-12-06T20:49:55.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11322" CreationDate="2015-12-07T01:44:56.183" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Instrumental case&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is not quite right translation of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;творительный падеж&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. Most correct translation would be &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ablativ&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mostly we use this case as instrumental case, but it also has around 13 more functions. Full list of them you can find in &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your sentence &quot;творительный падеж&quot; is used, because preposition &quot;за&quot; mostly indicates &lt;strong&gt;place&lt;/strong&gt;, and place is one of the functions of &quot;творительный падеж&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4876" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T01:44:56.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11330" CreationDate="2015-12-07T04:09:05.343" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Google Translate version is awful. At the same time Yandex version is appropriate for a singular female. I myself would say: &quot;У тебя была веселая ночь?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6391" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T04:09:05.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11350" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11433" CreationDate="2015-12-07T11:26:05.007" Score="9" ViewCount="1784" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question about the &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/11330/translation-of-did-you-have-a-fun-night&quot;&gt;translation of &quot;Did you have a fun night?&quot;&lt;/a&gt; made me wonder about the best correspondence for the word &lt;em&gt;fun&lt;/em&gt; in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on the answers there, my guess is that &lt;strong&gt;весёлый&lt;/strong&gt; best corresponds to &lt;em&gt;fun&lt;/em&gt; as an adjective. However, on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9#Russian&quot;&gt;wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;em&gt;merry&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;happy&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;funny&lt;/em&gt; are listed as definitions for it, but not &lt;em&gt;fun&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which Russian words best correspond to &lt;em&gt;fun&lt;/em&gt;, as adjective and as noun?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-04-07T11:01:05.237" Title="&quot;Fun&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11330" CreationDate="2015-12-07T13:01:56.883" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would ask this as &quot;Как провели вечер?&quot; - sounds natural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Not ночь, but вечер.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is assumed that it was fun because why else would you be there?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;English phrases favor lots of short words, no reason to translate them all into Russian sentence.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T13:01:56.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11350" CreationDate="2015-12-07T14:46:14.617" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say that &quot;to have fun&quot; is most close to &quot;повеселиться&quot;, but &quot;fun&quot; itself is closer to &quot;удовольствие&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note that there are many words that would be translated differently if they go with &quot;to have&quot; than if the word is alone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T14:46:14.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11330" CreationDate="2015-12-07T14:50:06.180" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally, translation is rebuilding the original &lt;em&gt;sense&lt;/em&gt; from scratch by means of another language: very often you can't just combine translated words without getting something unnatural. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a context where the other person is known to have attended some party, the asking person might wonder if they had a good time: &lt;em&gt;was that night a fun night?&lt;/em&gt; Then the original sentence can be translated like this: &lt;strong&gt;Вы хорошо провели (э)тот вечер?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T14:50:06.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11356" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11358" CreationDate="2015-12-07T20:41:48.887" Score="3" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;My guess is accusative case due to &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;, but I'm wondering if the negation (from &lt;strong&gt;не иметь&lt;/strong&gt;) affects &lt;em&gt;ребёнок&lt;/em&gt; here, as it does &lt;em&gt;право&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T22:01:57.783" Title="In &quot;Отец не имеет прав на ребёнка&quot;, is ребёнка in accusative or genitive case?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11356" CreationDate="2015-12-07T22:01:57.783" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Предыдущий ответ вообще-то неправильный.&#xA;Не так важно, что прав или права нет, важно что бывает право (или права) НА (кого/что) управление, проход, ребенка, жизнь...&#xA;или просто право (права) (кого/чего) сильного, человека, прохода, управления.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6401" LastActivityDate="2015-12-07T22:01:57.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11359" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11364" CreationDate="2015-12-08T08:24:35.787" Score="4" ViewCount="746" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read the phrase &lt;em&gt;начать с дерева&lt;/em&gt; in the context of a young man wanting to change his life and deciding to start by planting a tree.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Why is дерева in the genitive case, while I would have expected the instrumental?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A grammar book of mine indeed indicates that &lt;em&gt;с&lt;/em&gt; can be followed by a genitive or an instrumental, but is there a rule telling which to choose?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Or should I just learn for each possible combination verb+&lt;em&gt;с&lt;/em&gt; what the correct case is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3917" LastActivityDate="2016-03-14T00:22:05.437" Title="What case after &quot;с&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11359" CreationDate="2015-12-08T08:27:35.557" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;начать с дерева = start from a/the tree&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;начать с деревом = start having a/the tree&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2015-12-13T08:57:13.250" LastActivityDate="2015-12-13T08:57:13.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11361" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-08T08:44:52.947" Score="3" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;I learned that перечитать can mean&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;read one more time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;read everything that is available from one author or one subject&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While начитаться means: read a great quantity of (books from an author...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so what's the difference between:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;он перечитал все книги Пушкина&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;он начитался все книги Пушкина&quot; ?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the first example underline that he read ALL from Pushkin, while the second means that he read A LOT?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;please provide other examples similar to each other and explain the difference in usage!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-09T07:20:02.167" LastActivityDate="2015-12-09T22:28:42.507" Title="Difference between перечитать and начитаться" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11361" CreationDate="2015-12-08T09:05:04.937" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first example means either that he read all books from Pushkin or that he read all books from Pushkin once again. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The secons example is grammatically incorrect. Correct would be &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;он начитался Пушкина&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;он начитался книг Пушкина&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;он начитался всех книг Пушкина&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (the last one sounds quite peculiar but is possible in some situations). Depending on context it can mean that &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;he read a lot of Pushin and his hunger for Pushkin is satisfied&#xA;now. In this meaning you can add &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;вдоволь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Он начитался Пушкина вдоволь&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Он вдоволь начитался Пушкина&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;he read so much from Pushkin and is fed up with Pushkin now (&lt;em&gt;Он начитался Пушкина в школе и больше смотреть на него не может&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2015-12-08T09:05:04.937" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11359" CreationDate="2015-12-08T09:18:02.650" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;С&lt;/em&gt; can be followed by genitive, accusative or instrumental, but it's not the preposition which governs the case of a complement, it's the verb or noun it completes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Начать с + gen.&lt;/em&gt; literally means &quot;start from (the top of) the tree&quot;, the preposition &lt;em&gt;c&lt;/em&gt; here being used in the sense &quot;from the top of&quot;, as opposed to &lt;em&gt;из&lt;/em&gt; &quot;from the inside of&quot; and &lt;em&gt;от&lt;/em&gt; &quot;from the proximity of&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This verb governs &lt;em&gt;с + gen.&lt;/em&gt; in the same way &lt;em&gt;жить&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;брать&lt;/em&gt; and even &lt;em&gt;смеяться&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;бить&lt;/em&gt; in some dialects do: &lt;em&gt;брать с него долг, жить с нетрудовых доходов, **смеяться с клоуна, **бить с локтя&lt;/em&gt;. It's just how these verbs work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last two examples are dialectal and sound quite peculiar to those not used to them, but totally OK to those who are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-12-08T09:18:02.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11359" CreationDate="2015-12-08T09:31:22.903" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;With instrumental, &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;with&quot;. With genitive, &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;from&quot; or &quot;off&quot; — that is, moving away from a thing's surface (as opposed to &lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt; which is for moving away from inside a thing). You take a thing &quot;off&quot; a shelf (&lt;strong&gt;с полки&lt;/strong&gt;) but &quot;from&quot; a cupboard (&lt;strong&gt;из шкафа&lt;/strong&gt;). For all intents and purposes, this &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; is a different preposition than the one meaning &quot;with&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Among the more abstract meanings of &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt;+genitive, the most common one is &quot;beginning with&quot;, &quot;from X onwards&quot;, or &quot;since&quot; when talking about time. Now of course, with prepositions used abstractly it's not always easy to figure out the underlying metaphor; &lt;strong&gt;начать с дерева&lt;/strong&gt; is, literally, to &quot;start &lt;em&gt;from&lt;/em&gt; a tree&quot; rather than &lt;em&gt;with&lt;/em&gt; a tree, whereas in English one more commonly begins/starts &quot;with&quot; things. There's no particular reason why it's one or the other (or something else entirely); so I suppose with some verbs, you just have to learn it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, you might want to first try and see if you can follow the logic behind which &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; it is; there are many cases where, abstract or not, that logic is plain enough, e.g. in &lt;strong&gt;взыскать с должника&lt;/strong&gt;, it's clear that the debt is collected &quot;from&quot; someone rather than &quot;with&quot; them — whereas in &lt;strong&gt;расплатиться с кредитором&lt;/strong&gt;, it makes mor sense to say that a debt are settled &quot;with&quot; a lender rather than &quot;from&quot; them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-12-08T09:31:22.903" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11361" CreationDate="2015-12-08T09:53:27.203" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verbs built according to the model &lt;code&gt;на-&amp;lt;verb&amp;gt;-ся&lt;/code&gt; mean &amp;quot;to do the action so much that you do not want to do it any more, to do the action so much that you feel satisfied with the result&amp;quot;. All the verbs ending in &lt;code&gt;-ся&lt;/code&gt;, the reflexive verbs, are intransitive, they cannot have direct objects, that is, they cannot have an Accusative case object. In the case of the &lt;code&gt;на-&amp;lt;verb&amp;gt;-ся&lt;/code&gt; verbs, the object with which the satisfaction is achieved is usually in the Genitive case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typical examples of such verbs are &lt;em&gt;наесться&lt;/em&gt; 'to eat until you are fed up' and &lt;em&gt;напиться&lt;/em&gt; 'to drink that much that you are not thirsty any more'. In the following examples the Genitive objects are italicized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вова наелся &lt;em&gt;варенья&lt;/em&gt;. - Vova ate jam (until he was fed up with it and didn't want to eat it any more).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Колодец, колодец, дай &lt;em&gt;неба&lt;/em&gt; напиться! - O well, o well, give me some sky to drink (so that my thirst ceases). - From a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHge_AbJSXE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;song&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гости на свадьбе напились &lt;em&gt;самогонки&lt;/em&gt; и танцевали до утра. - The guests at the wedding party drank so much moonshine that they danced until morning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не видел Олега 5 лет, просидели весь день, никак не могли наговориться. - I haven't seen Oleg for 5 years, we spent the whole day together and couldn't stop talking (however much we talked it never seemed enough for us).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your two sentences, the first one is right. In the second one, the object should be in the Genitive case, and usually after &lt;em&gt;начитаться&lt;/em&gt; you simply say the name of the author, because it is clear that the writer writes books, so it should be &lt;em&gt;Он начитался Пушкина&lt;/em&gt; - &amp;quot;He read Pushkin much&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;He read Pushkin so much that he doesn't want to read him anymore&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он начитался &lt;em&gt;Пушкина&lt;/em&gt; и сам начал писать стихи. - He read Pushkin much and began to write poems himself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он начитался &lt;em&gt;Троцкого&lt;/em&gt; и вступил в коммунистическую партию Парагвая. - He read many books by Trotsky and joined the Communist Party of Paraguay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иди спать, ты что, ещё не начитался &lt;em&gt;своих комиксов&lt;/em&gt;? - Go to bed. Haven't you read your comic books enough yet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the verb &lt;em&gt;начитаться&lt;/em&gt; the adjective &lt;em&gt;начитанный&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;lettered, well-read, deep-read&amp;quot; is formed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-12-09T22:28:42.507" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11366" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11361" CreationDate="2015-12-08T10:20:35.343" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Перечитать&lt;/strong&gt; (two meanings):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Перечитать&lt;/strong&gt; (Пушкина) means &lt;strong&gt;to read&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt; (by Pushkin) &lt;strong&gt;one more time&lt;/strong&gt; - in whatever complete form (usually it's some mentioned part). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вчера я перечитал Пушкина - чтобы уточнить текст из &quot;Онегина&quot;,&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;о котором мы вчера поспорили.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you add the sense of completeness to that word, like saying &quot;&lt;strong&gt;перечитать всего&lt;/strong&gt; Пушкина&quot;, that would mean &lt;strong&gt;reading&lt;/strong&gt; the subject &lt;strong&gt;in its entirety&lt;/strong&gt;. Most likely, you'd need to add more words if you also mean doing it one more time: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ещё раз&lt;/strong&gt; перечитать &lt;strong&gt;всего&lt;/strong&gt; Пушкина&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он перечитал всего Пушкина,&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;включая последние найденные его письма.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Начитаться&lt;/strong&gt; (two meanings):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To have enough of reading something (negative sense) or to have read as much as one wanted (positive sense):&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я вчера начитался газет&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;и больше видеть их не могу.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он провёл несколько часов в библиотеке&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;и вдоволь начитался Пушкина, о чём давно мечтал.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(sarcastic) To get some strange knowledge or ideas which are definitely out of context - as a result of intensive reading some specific writings.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он начитался Пушкина и теперь сам пишет стихи,&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;вставляя готовые строчки из его произведений.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он начитался Пушкина, и теперь &quot;Шаланды полные кефали...&quot;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;кажутся ему плагиатом с &quot;Мой дядя самых честных правил...&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-12-08T10:26:06.210" LastActivityDate="2015-12-08T10:26:06.210" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11331" CreationDate="2015-12-08T12:41:48.053" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would place the words in slightly different order to express their relationships more naturally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;тревожится&lt;/b&gt; to worry. This is always negative feeling. Usually doesn't expect  any special activity from the subject (i.e. person), it is just a feeling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;беспокоится&lt;/b&gt; also to worry, but less severe and less negative than тревожится. May expect some behavioral activity (but not necessary). The noun беспокойство may even refer to just unstable mood, readiness to unexpected decisions or adventures (Им овладело беспокойство, охота к перемене мест)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;возмущаться&lt;/b&gt; to get angry due to disagreement with somebody or something. There is no semantic intersections with neither тревожится nor беспокоиться despite the fact that the verb беспокоиться also describes some unstable emotional state (but the corresponding emotions are obviously different).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6386" LastActivityDate="2015-12-08T12:41:48.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11374" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-08T21:12:58.657" Score="2" ViewCount="337" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it comes from PIE &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;q̆etlom&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; then the Russian reflex should be &quot;четло&quot;. Why it is число then? A speculation may be that it came from &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;q̆etˢtlom&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, in this case it would become чесло.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the correct analysis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-05-18T23:41:50.590" Title="Why число, not четло?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11374" CreationDate="2015-12-09T04:58:37.937" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Proto-Slavic it was most likely četslo/čitslo. Then &quot;t&quot; just dropped down due to the rule of ascending sonority (закон восходящей звучности), one of the most basic phonological rules of Old East Slavic (or Old Russian, whatever you call it). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exactly for the same reason we have &quot;прясло&quot; (was прѧтсло initially) and &quot;ясли&quot; (derived from *ēdsli-).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This happened in Proto-Slavic so actually there are some more non-obvious examples, when this particular changes was affected by some other phonetical mutations. For instance &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Proto-Indo-European/p%E1%B9%93ds&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;pṓds&lt;/a&gt; - the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European word for foot is something that gave us words &quot;пехота&quot; and &quot;пеший&quot; (first, ds -&gt; s, then it morphed into x and ʂ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-05-18T23:41:50.590" LastActivityDate="2016-05-18T23:41:50.590" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11179" CreationDate="2015-12-09T14:08:04.787" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe one good way to conceptualize 'a' in Russian and how to differentiate it from 'и' is the conjunction 'whereas.' In most cases I believe it is a good approximation, noting that 'whereas' generally means 'compared with the fact that; but.' When there is a clear, easily divisible contrast between the first and the second clauses of a sentence, it sets you down the right path to using it properly yourself when found in other contexts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Certainly it doesn't cover all cases. In English, when it comes to bringing two clauses together there are a lot of subordinating conjunctions (after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, if only, rather than, since, that, though, unless, until, when, where, whereas, wherever, whether, which, while). As an English speaker you've internalized how to use these words largely unwittingly. If you wanted to explain when you use any of these and how one differs from the others, I think it would require a concerted mental effort to do so. Think analogously that Russian speakers have the same concepts, but some of which are wrapped up in 'а' but cannot be consistently translated as the same word in the English. It requires context to see its variety of meaning and you'll gain that with exposure, like you did with English. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll give you a couple examples to see how it varies, even when among sentences where it seems to follow the same structure:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Звонок брякнул слабо, как будто был сделан из жести, а не из меди.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The bell rang weakly, as if it was made out of tin &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;and not&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; out of copper. (/as though it were made &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;not of&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; copper &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;but of&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; tin.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На ее тонкой и длинной шее, похожей на куриную ногу, было наверчено&#xA;  какое-то фланелевое тряпье, а на плечах, несмотря на жару, болталась&#xA;  вся истрепанная и пожелтелая меховая кацавейка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;On her thin and long (we would say 'long, thin' in English) neck, which resembled a chicken's leg, was wrapped in some kind of flannel rag, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;whereas&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; on (from) [her] shoulders, despite the heat, dangled an all (entirely) worn-out and yellowed fur katsaveyka (jacket). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2015-12-09T14:08:04.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11378" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11379" CreationDate="2015-12-09T15:47:36.660" Score="8" ViewCount="284" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you want to express in russian that you speak a few languages besides russian. What is the common practise?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я говорю на нескольких иностранных языках.&quot; is acceptable grammar-wise? and would it be ладно to say: &quot;странных&quot; instead of: &quot;иностранных&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6407" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-09T16:11:25.043" LastActivityDate="2015-12-09T21:52:53.133" Title="Is &quot;Я говорю на нескольких иностранных языках&quot; grammatical?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11378" CreationDate="2015-12-09T17:36:33.927" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я говорю на нескольких иностранных языках.&quot; is absolutely correct, both lexically and grammatically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Странный&lt;/em&gt; means 'strange, weird, queer, odd, unusual', it never means 'foreign'. &lt;em&gt;Иностранный&lt;/em&gt; is a compound adjective formed from &lt;em&gt;иная&lt;/em&gt;+&lt;em&gt;страна&lt;/em&gt; ('another'+'country'). &lt;em&gt;Странный&lt;/em&gt; is also derived from &lt;em&gt;страна&lt;/em&gt;, 'country', but in a rather tricky way: first, the noun &lt;em&gt;странник&lt;/em&gt;, 'traveller, wanderer' was formed from it, and &lt;em&gt;странный&lt;/em&gt; is an adjective from &lt;em&gt;странник&lt;/em&gt;. The meaning of &lt;em&gt;странный&lt;/em&gt; developed from its original meaning 'pertaining to travellers, wanderers' in such a way: 'travelling' &gt; 'from far-away lands' &gt; 'of different culture, unusual' &gt; 'strange'. Nowadays the connection of the words &lt;em&gt;страна&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;странник&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;cтранный&lt;/em&gt; is not obvious for an average Russian native speaker, and &lt;em&gt;cтранный&lt;/em&gt; does not mean 'foreign' any more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;em&gt;ладно&lt;/em&gt; is not actually 'OK', it means 'well, if you wish...' or 'alright, I'll do it (so that to get rid of you)', it expresses agreement, often reluctant, and is used only as an answer, never inside a sentence. &lt;em&gt;Ладно&lt;/em&gt; may or may not have the shade of reluctance, it depends on your intonation. The most neutral answer meaning agreement is &lt;em&gt;хорошо&lt;/em&gt;, but it cannot be used in the question above, either. The Russian word that fits that question is &lt;em&gt;правильно&lt;/em&gt;, 'correct'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-12-09T17:36:33.927" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11378" CreationDate="2015-12-09T21:52:53.133" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could also omit the word &amp;quot;иностранных&amp;quot; altogether:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я говорю на нескольких языках.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I speak several languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Foreign&amp;quot; is implied here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or you could say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я знаю несколько языков.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know several languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note the genitive case here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-12-09T21:52:53.133" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11381" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11382" CreationDate="2015-12-10T11:00:25.033" Score="3" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for a russian word for the englisch term &lt;strong&gt;wish book&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;book of wishes&lt;/strong&gt; (list of wishes exists on paper, like a book of wishes).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I stumbled upon &lt;strong&gt;сонник&lt;/strong&gt; but this means dream book or book of dreams so it's not the right one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it be just &lt;strong&gt;книга жела́ние&lt;/strong&gt;? I'm also not sure if I can mix feminime words with neuter words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6381" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-13T07:06:03.017" LastActivityDate="2015-12-13T07:06:03.017" Title="How do Russians call a book of wishes?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11381" CreationDate="2015-12-10T11:34:54.520" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;We don't call it &lt;strong&gt;книга&lt;/strong&gt;. I don't even know if there is such thing in Russian.&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Книга жела́ние&lt;/strong&gt; is grammatically incorrect, it should be &lt;strong&gt;книга жела́ний&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;What exactly do you mean by &lt;strong&gt;wish book&lt;/strong&gt;?&#xA;Is it a printed list of wishes a person has to pick from or is it a complete list of wishes a person has at all? Or maybe it is just a catalog of goods?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing you are asking about is called &lt;strong&gt;список желаний&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;The sample sentence would be &quot;У меня есть список желаний, в который я записываю то, что очень хочу получить, и вычёркиваю сбывшиеся желания.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6402" LastEditorUserId="6402" LastEditDate="2015-12-10T12:04:43.530" LastActivityDate="2015-12-10T12:04:43.530" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11280" CreationDate="2015-12-10T14:51:58.457" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;both are correct, but &quot;об меня&quot; sounds better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(here can be an especial situation since sound &quot;m&quot; produces some voice like a vowel, the same happens with &quot;n&quot;: об ногу is better then о ногу)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6274" LastEditorUserId="6274" LastEditDate="2015-12-14T12:05:51.367" LastActivityDate="2015-12-14T12:05:51.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11384" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11386" CreationDate="2015-12-10T16:22:59.597" Score="5" ViewCount="441" Body="&lt;p&gt;My tutor says that &quot;бы&quot; should follow &quot;хотел&quot;. Example: &quot;бы хотел стать&quot;. What do you think is most correct and natural?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6411" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-11T01:49:48.950" LastActivityDate="2015-12-12T14:28:29.270" Title="Can I put &quot;бы&quot;-particle at the beginning?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11384" CreationDate="2015-12-10T16:41:13.270" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; cannot be the first word in a sentence.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But in your example it doesn't matter where it is placed - before or after a verb:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я бы хотел&amp;hellip;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я хотел бы&amp;hellip;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2015-12-10T16:41:13.270" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11384" CreationDate="2015-12-10T16:50:24.240" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Бы&amp;quot; can follow or precede &amp;quot;хотел&amp;quot;, it can even be separated from &amp;quot;хотел&amp;quot; by one or several words, but surely &amp;quot;бы&amp;quot; cannot begin a sentence or a clause. All the following sentences are correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;бы хотел&lt;/strong&gt; стать космонавтом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;хотел бы&lt;/strong&gt; стать космонавтом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Космонавтом &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; я стать &lt;strong&gt;хотел&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Стать &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; космонавтом я &lt;strong&gt;хотел&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я космонавтом &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; стать &lt;strong&gt;хотел&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-12-10T16:50:24.240" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11387" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11393" CreationDate="2015-12-10T18:09:46.807" Score="3" ViewCount="133" Body="&lt;p&gt;Take a sentence such as &lt;strong&gt;Надо действовать головой, а не силой, если возможно&lt;/strong&gt;. Is &lt;em&gt;возможно&lt;/em&gt; in adverb or adjective (short neutral) form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is the translation is &quot;Need to use your head, not strength, if &lt;em&gt;possible&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, so it appears to be an adjective. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I want to make sure there aren't any surprises here that make it an adverb. For example, maybe my translation reflects my thinking in English, not Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example: &lt;strong&gt;Не обращай внимания, я просто не в настроении&lt;/strong&gt;, with respect to &lt;em&gt;просто&lt;/em&gt;. This one seems more obviously like an adverb to me. I imagine a hidden &quot;am&quot;, so that &lt;em&gt;я просто&lt;/em&gt; is equivalent to &lt;em&gt;I (am) simply&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="6354" LastEditDate="2015-12-10T19:13:12.993" LastActivityDate="2015-12-11T15:50:28.220" Title="Adverb versus short neutral adjective form" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11388" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-10T19:52:27.867" Score="0" ViewCount="221" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я работаю с многими русскими клиентами.  У нас тут в США привычка отличать в сообщениях ACFM (actual cubic feet per minute, фактические кубические футы в минуту) от SCFM (standard cubic feet per minute, кубические футы при определенных условиях в минуту).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У каждая культура свои обычаи.  Насколько я знаю, международная система единиц не определяет использование приставки &quot;N&quot;, вместе упомянутый выше &quot;S&quot;, который обозначает, что величина при определенных условиях.  Эту приставку используют всемирно.  А что насчет приставки &quot;A&quot;?  Строго говоря, зависит от культуры.  Используют ли эту приставку, или просто лишение приставки обозначает, что величина при настоящих условиях? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5874" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-11T00:00:54.287" LastActivityDate="2015-12-11T13:41:34.387" Title="Настоящий поток газа" Tags="&lt;физика&gt;&lt;культура&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11387" CreationDate="2015-12-10T20:08:56.513" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you complete the clause &lt;strong&gt;если возможно&lt;/strong&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;если [это будет] возможно&lt;/strong&gt;, it'll make &lt;strong&gt;возможно&lt;/strong&gt; be an adverb, so it's an adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6402" LastActivityDate="2015-12-10T20:08:56.513" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11388" CreationDate="2015-12-10T20:34:09.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Газовая отрасль Российской Федерации при расчётах с потребителями использует атмосферные условия по ГОСТ 2939—63:&#xA;температура +20° С (293,15 К);&#xA;давление 760 мм рт. ст. (101 325 Н/м²);&#xA;влажность равна 0.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Стандартные условия это температура 0° С, давление 100 000 Н/м²&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Использование единиц измерения зависит от общепринятых норм в конкретной отрасли. Я думаю, что указываются кубометры в минуту и условия: стандартные (они же нормальные), или те что по ГОСТу. Сомневаюсь, что у нас используются кубические футы или какие-либо приставки, указывающие на атмосферные условия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6402" LastActivityDate="2015-12-10T20:34:09.527" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11388" CreationDate="2015-12-11T13:41:34.387" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Brief googling shows us that vacuum equipment engineers in Russia use &lt;em&gt;л/мин (литры в минуту)&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;нл/мин (нормолитры в минуту)&lt;/em&gt; which I believe correspond to your ACFM and SCFM with appropriate coefficients.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This (in no way authoritative) &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.smc-pneumatik.ru/gb.php?uid=15341&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Нл/мин&quot;, как и &quot;норм.л/мин&quot;, &quot;l/min (ANR)&quot; - обозначают расход воздуха, выраженный в так называемых &quot;нормальных&quot; литрах в минуту. Это значит, что количество воздуха выражено в виде объема, который занимал бы этот воздух при атмосферном давлении и температуре 20 градусов Цельсия. Эти условия регламентированы стандартами ГОСТ 2939-63 и ISO 8778. Иногда можно встретить обозначение &quot;л/мин&quot;. Если при этом специально не оговаривается, при каких условиях выражен объем воздуха, это можно понимать так, что ссылка на &quot;нормальные&quot; условия просто опущена (по небрежности или для краткости), но имеются в виду именно эти условия. Тогда отличия между &quot;нл/мин&quot; и &quot;л/мин&quot; нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, Russian standards require that all unit names and abbreviations are transliterated, so Russian does not use W, l or mm Hg, but rather &lt;em&gt;Вт, л&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;мм. рт. ст. (миллиметр ртутного столба)&lt;/em&gt;. So neither N nor S could be used as prefixes in Russian unit abbreviations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-12-11T13:41:34.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11387" CreationDate="2015-12-11T15:45:08.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right, &lt;em&gt;возможно&lt;/em&gt; is an adjective in short form, it is possible to reconstruct the full phrase as&#xA;если это будет возможно or even replace it with &quot;если это будет возможным&quot; (with adjective in full form)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to &lt;em&gt;просто&lt;/em&gt; (that used rather as &quot;just&quot; in this context), it is formally classified in Russian as a particle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ПРОСТО III. частица. Разг. 1. Совершенно, прямо. П. невероятно! Стихи - п. прелесть! П. стыдно смотреть на тебя. Дом п. разваливается на глазах. 2. Всего лишь, всего-навсего; не иначе как. Вы п. смеётесь над нами. Всё это п. детское упрямство. Он п. не умён. Зашёл к вам п. так (без особых причин, целей, намерений). Зовите меня п. Ваней. Учусь в Технологическом институте или п. в Техноложке. IV. союз. (соединяет предл. или чл. предл.). Выражает противопоставление, сопоставление (часто с уступительным оттенком). Да не болен, просто устал. Ты не лентяй, просто избалован.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Большой Толковый Словарь, источник: &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE&amp;amp;all=x&lt;/a&gt; )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is an adverb only if it is clearly opposed to &lt;em&gt;сложно&lt;/em&gt;: &quot;это просто сделать&quot; as an opposition to &quot;это сложно сделать&quot;, so &lt;em&gt;просто&lt;/em&gt; as adverb can be translated also as &lt;em&gt;easy&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, however, it is rather conventional classification as in both cases просто describes or clarifies the predicate rather than the subject,&#xA;(It become more clear if we reconstruct the phrase as &quot;Я просто нахожусь не в настроениии&quot;).&#xA;So I don't think you are &lt;em&gt;extremely&lt;/em&gt; wrong with &lt;em&gt;просто&lt;/em&gt; as adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6386" LastEditorUserId="6386" LastEditDate="2015-12-11T15:50:28.220" LastActivityDate="2015-12-11T15:50:28.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11384" CreationDate="2015-12-12T14:28:29.270" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you don't need to emphasize some part of the sentence specifically, it's better to put &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; right after the main verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because if you put it somewhere it a sentence, it will be hard to catch the main idea that the sentence is one of a &lt;em&gt;conditional sentences&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Especially if you have more than one verb (as homogeneous parts of the sentence).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6165" LastActivityDate="2015-12-12T14:28:29.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11395" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11396" CreationDate="2015-12-12T22:21:16.130" Score="9" ViewCount="1234" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was told that it is possible to use: &quot;Я попробую&quot; when referring to &quot;i will try&quot; (to answer the question). I know that the verb: &quot;попробовать&quot; means &quot;to try&quot;. Is there some other phrase/s that could be used and that is/are perhaps more commonly used when want to say that I will try to answer the question (give it a try)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6419" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-12T22:22:03.473" LastActivityDate="2017-05-25T12:13:00.710" Title="Is there a better way to express &quot;I will give it a try&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11395" CreationDate="2015-12-13T00:06:28.660" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually &lt;strong&gt;я попробую&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; the best translation. &lt;strong&gt;Попробовать&lt;/strong&gt; means to try tentatively. &quot;Trying&quot; as in &quot;making an effort&quot; is better expressed by different verbs, &lt;strong&gt;постараться&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;попытаться&lt;/strong&gt;. One is for sustained effort, the other one is more all-or-nothing, but still different from &lt;strong&gt;попробовать&lt;/strong&gt; which is more about seeing what happens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-12-13T00:06:28.660" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11397" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-13T10:45:03.907" Score="4" ViewCount="461" Body="&lt;p&gt;I could not reconstruct the meaning using the dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6420" LastActivityDate="2015-12-18T08:14:00.783" Title="What does it mean &quot;контора дурку гонит&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11397" CreationDate="2015-12-13T12:18:32.293" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The exact translation depends on the context.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Generally meaning 'office wants to fool me'. &quot;Office&quot; — Government, Police, Firm, Company, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2015-12-13T13:27:15.623" LastActivityDate="2015-12-13T13:27:15.623" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11399" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11397" CreationDate="2015-12-13T13:26:09.987" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;the organization is acting in a wrong way,&quot; and it is not possible to translate it more precisely since the context is lacking. Please, provide the context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-12-13T13:26:09.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11397" CreationDate="2015-12-13T16:28:23.273" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Гнать дурку&lt;/em&gt; (сленг) - лгать, обманывать, вводить в заблуждение. &lt;em&gt;Контора&lt;/em&gt; - так в СССР называли КГБ. Сейчас так могут называть ФСБ, МВД и другие официальные государственные структуры. Фразу &lt;em&gt;контора дурку гонит&lt;/em&gt; можно &quot;перевести&quot; на литературный русский язык как, например, &lt;em&gt;правительство (ФСБ, МВД) лжёт (вводит в заблуждение)&lt;/em&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Гнать дурку&lt;/em&gt; (slang) - to lie, to deceive, to mislead. &lt;em&gt;Контора&lt;/em&gt; - in the USSR was called the KGB. So now you can call the FSB, interior Ministry and other official government agencies. The phrase &lt;em&gt;контора дурку гонит&lt;/em&gt; can be &quot;translated&quot; into the literary Russian language as, for example, the government (FSB, MVD) is lying (misleading)...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-12-13T16:36:25.613" LastActivityDate="2015-12-13T16:36:25.613" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11397" CreationDate="2015-12-13T19:05:22.653" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дурка&lt;/em&gt; (slang) usually means &lt;em&gt;bedlam&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;madhouse&lt;/em&gt;, but here it stands for &lt;em&gt;psychopathy&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;madness&lt;/em&gt;. So &lt;em&gt;гнать дурку&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;гнать дуру&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;включить дуру&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;гнать дурочку&lt;/em&gt; etc.) means &lt;em&gt;to simulate mental disorder&lt;/em&gt; --&gt; &lt;em&gt;to deceive someone&lt;/em&gt; (cf. &lt;em&gt;Что ты мне дурочку гонишь?&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;Trying to fool me?&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Контора&lt;/em&gt; here is close to &quot;&lt;em&gt;Company&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. It could be just &quot;some organization&quot; or specifically FSB (cf. Company = CIA). That depends on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the whole expression is to be interpreted as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;the company fools [someone]&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. Whatever it means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-12-13T19:11:20.977" LastActivityDate="2015-12-13T19:11:20.977" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11397" CreationDate="2015-12-14T08:43:43.123" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Контора дурку гонит&quot; can mean that &quot;the organization (контора) is &lt;strong&gt;intentionally&lt;/strong&gt; acting in a wrong way (гонит дурку), &lt;strong&gt;pretending&lt;/strong&gt; that they incorrectly understand your requests.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This meaning was shown in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei_dztACr14&quot;&gt;sketch by Arkadii Raikin&lt;/a&gt; where &quot;organization&quot; imitates that client's order and requests on &quot;насосы&quot; (pumps) that they cannot produce, are understood on their end as &quot;колеса&quot; (wheels) that they have produced, packed and sent to the client.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2015-12-14T08:43:43.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11403" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11404" CreationDate="2015-12-14T14:14:30.390" Score="4" ViewCount="2616" Body="&lt;p&gt;Что значит &lt;em&gt;отслюнить пару косарей&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2016-10-07T15:30:54.787" LastActivityDate="2016-10-07T15:30:54.787" Title="Выражение &quot;отслюнить пару косарей&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11404" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11403" CreationDate="2015-12-14T14:18:54.327" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я полагаю, &lt;em&gt;заплатить пару тысяч&lt;/em&gt;. Либо &lt;em&gt;отсчитать пару тысяч&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Здесь:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;отслюнить - как мне представляется, основано на том, что некоторые слюнявят пальцы, отсчитывая купюры.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;косарь - это тысяча.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2015-12-14T14:18:54.327" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11405" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11408" CreationDate="2015-12-14T22:32:59.977" Score="2" ViewCount="218" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Google and Yandex English translations don't make sense to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6344" LastEditorUserId="6344" LastEditDate="2015-12-14T23:27:35.603" LastActivityDate="2015-12-15T10:08:34.760" Title="What does &quot;До тебя как до осла не доходит&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11405" CreationDate="2015-12-14T23:30:47.130" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;All together it means &lt;em&gt;&quot;You idiot don't get it.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не доходит&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means that person doesn't get it. Literally it means &lt;em&gt;&quot;doesn't reach&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, probably originating from &quot;idea not reaching one's mind&quot;. &lt;strong&gt;This is used often.&lt;/strong&gt; My personal impression is that nowadays it's not so frequent as in 1990s. It can be both neutral and rude, depending on the tone and way of saying: one can say angrily &lt;em&gt;&quot;ну чё, до тебя не доходит что ли?!&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, or politely wonder: &lt;em&gt;&quot;не дошло?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A joke based on this is: &lt;em&gt;An animal in the zoo complains: oh God, during the day, the monkey tells jokes, and then the giraffe laughs all the night.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;как до осла&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;like a donkey&lt;/em&gt;. Calling one a donkey is equal to calling one an idiot. I can't recall what animal has a similar role in English. It's very rude.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastEditorDisplayName="user1514" LastEditDate="2015-12-15T10:08:34.760" LastActivityDate="2015-12-15T10:08:34.760" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11405" CreationDate="2015-12-15T07:17:16.500" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's rather a nonce expression than a popular one (I even failed to google it). However, it is understandable: the same as to call somebody a donkey (1 - stubborn, 2- silly animal). A popular expression to say that &lt;em&gt;somebody is slow minded&lt;/em&gt;: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;до него доходит как до жирафа&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. This is a hint that due to its long neck it takes a while for a jiraffe to receive the sound of words, same as it takes some time for that person to understand something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-12-15T07:17:16.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11410" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11412" CreationDate="2015-12-15T11:05:31.550" Score="4" ViewCount="1030" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я пишу рассказ, и в одном месте персонаж произносит фразу &quot;Я был не прав, но и ты не весь в белом&quot; в ответ на некие претензии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В моей голове, эта фраза имеет оттенок &quot;ты тоже не с чистыми руками вышел из ситуации&quot;, &quot;и твоя вина в этом есть&quot;, что-то в таком ключе, хотя основной смысл — &quot;ты тоже не безгрешен&quot;. Однако же, у меня есть сомнения в том, общепринято ли именно такое восприятие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кроме того, действие происходит в другой стране (предполагается что на самом деле герои разговаривают на другом языке. Поэтому мне хотелось бы, чтобы фраза была кросс-культурной или хотя бы переводимой. То есть я не хочу использовать локализм не имеющий аналогов в других странах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Соответственно вопрос: откуда эта фраза вообще появилась и какие есть более кросс-культурные или хотя бы переводимые аналоги.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ближайшее, что приходит мне в голову — &quot;а кто не без греха&quot; или &quot;ты тоже не безгрешен&quot;, но мне хотелось бы избежать отсылок к библии (если это возможно). К тому же, вариант &quot;ты тоже не безгрешен&quot; кажется мне менее резким, что тоже не вполне меня устраивает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Заранее спасибо за помощь, и надеюсь, что я обращаюсь по адресу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastEditorUserId="1836" LastEditDate="2015-12-15T13:53:55.470" LastActivityDate="2015-12-15T15:34:10.990" Title="Происхождение фразы &quot;ты весь в белом&quot; и ее аналоги" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;фраза&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11411" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11414" CreationDate="2015-12-15T12:42:37.573" Score="5" ViewCount="294" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the middle of the process of learning the verbs of motion I stuck at &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;strong&gt;обо&lt;/strong&gt; because it seems a little bit complicated. I would appreciate if you could direct me into the right direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I know about the prefix &lt;strong&gt;за-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to beginn an action&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to go into something&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to go behind something&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I know about the prefix &lt;strong&gt;обо-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to go around something&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to visit a place with reason&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to walk around&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All sentences a picked up from &lt;a href=&quot;http://learnrussian.rt.com/lessons/verbs-of-motion-and-prefixes-za--and-obo/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;RT Learn Russian&quot;&gt;RT Russian Course&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question 1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(A couple talks about to buy a tour for her mum as a present.)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Молодец, давай зайдём в турфирму и выберем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would the meaning drastically change if I would use &lt;strong&gt;войдём&lt;/strong&gt; or rather &lt;strong&gt;пойдём&lt;/strong&gt;? (In the meaning of &quot;to go into this agency&quot; / &quot;let's go to the agency&quot;) What does a russian native speaker understands here exactly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question 2&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она сказала, что зайдёт в магазин на пять минут, а я жду её уже два часа! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here I'm generally stuck with &lt;strong&gt;зайдёт&lt;/strong&gt;. Would it not be correct to use &lt;strong&gt;войдёт&lt;/strong&gt; as well? In the meaning of &quot;she will be in the store in 5 minutes&quot;. I know it's wrong because the online course states that but I'm confused.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question 3&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Марк, это ты вчера заходил  ко мне в офис? – Да, я заходил к тебе, я был недалеко, хотел попить кофе вместе с тобой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does &lt;strong&gt;заходил&lt;/strong&gt; mean that Mark went straight into the office or more in the sense of he visited the office. If the latter, why not use &lt;strong&gt;обходил&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6381" LastActivityDate="2015-12-16T14:00:37.303" Title="Difficulties with verbs of motion (за-, обо-, по-)" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11410" CreationDate="2015-12-15T13:10:15.750" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;В английском есть похожее: Knight in shining armor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэтому, кажется, можно считать эту фразу переводимой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-12-15T13:10:15.750" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11410" CreationDate="2015-12-15T13:44:23.673" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;В России есть довольно старый и многим известный анекдот, из которого, скорее всего, и взята фраза &quot;и тут выхожу &lt;em&gt;я -- весь в белом&lt;/em&gt;&quot;: Пришёл в цирк человек с проектом нового номера. «Поднимают под купол здоровенный брезентовый мешок. Шпрехшталмейстер в него стреляет. Мешок лопается. И оказывается — он заполнен дерьмом. Шпрехшталмейстер в дерьме. Униформисты в дерьме. Оркестр в дерьме. Публика вся в дерьме. И тут выхожу я — весь в белом». &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Рассказывают этот анекдот по-разному. Вот другой вариант: Приходит мужик к директору цирка и говорит: &quot;У меня есть для вашего шоу замечательный номер&quot;. Директор: &quot;Ну давай, излагай.&quot; Мужик с блеском в глазу: &quot;Подвешиваем под потолок огроменную бадью с дерьмом. Гаснет свет, только прожектора шур-шур, маэстро взмахнул палочкой, зарокотал барабан, всё громче и громче, и вдруг эта бадья из-под самого купола шмяк... Весь цирк в дерьме, и тут выхожу Я. Весь в белом.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-12-15T13:56:18.943" LastActivityDate="2015-12-15T13:56:18.943" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11411" CreationDate="2015-12-15T13:48:02.040" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;«войти» and «зайти» are ALMOST synonymous in the context of entering something like a room or a building, when no indication of the purpose is given. For instance:&#xA; &lt;em&gt;Они прошли через двор и вошли в дом&lt;/em&gt;. You could also say «… зашли в дом». &#xA;What matters here is that they went inside the building, even though we don't know why they went there. &#xA;&lt;em&gt;В гостиную вошел молодой человек со свертков в руке.&lt;/em&gt; Same logic here.&#xA;When you say «Она зашла в магазин», the obvious purpose is implied, and «она вошла в магазин» sounds awkward&#xA;«Зайти» и «пойти» are almost synonymous when describing a visit (or a trip) with a purpose, but there is a subtle difference: «зайти» is more like “to stop by”, it implies an action along the way of something else. For example:&#xA;-Ты пойдешь со мной в магазин сейчас?&#xA;- Да, только давай зайдем на почту, мне нужно отправить письмо.&#xA;This implies that the store is the final destination, while post office is visited along the way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6425" LastActivityDate="2015-12-15T13:48:02.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11411" CreationDate="2015-12-15T13:52:34.517" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The prefix за- has another distinct meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To perform a quick action (without disturbing larger plans).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, зайдём or забежим means we'll also visit the agency, see if they have something on the spot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they plan to go for more thorough examination, they would probably say &quot;сходим&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2015-12-15T13:52:34.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11410" CreationDate="2015-12-15T14:35:02.620" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если в этом месте не предполагается обязательного наличия какого-нибудь фразеологизма, то можно сказать просто:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я был не прав, но и ты ничем не лучше&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я был не прав, но и ты хорош&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из &quot;универсальных&quot; оборотов на ум приходит только ангел:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но и ты - не ангел&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-12-15T15:34:10.990" LastActivityDate="2015-12-15T15:34:10.990" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11411" CreationDate="2015-12-15T15:22:46.733" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Q1. &lt;em&gt;Войти&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;to go inside&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;to enter&lt;/em&gt;; it's not what you mean, I guess. Concerning &lt;em&gt;Пойти&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;Зайти&lt;/em&gt;, the first verb is just the &quot;normal&quot; way of saying &quot;&lt;em&gt;to go to&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, but the second one is special: prefix &lt;em&gt;за-&lt;/em&gt; here gives the notion of &quot;&lt;em&gt;by the way&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, i.e. &lt;em&gt;давай зайдём&lt;/em&gt; is not really &quot;let's go&quot;, but rather &quot;let's go as we're close to it&quot; (also &lt;em&gt;давай зайдем как-нибудь&lt;/em&gt; = &quot;let's go some day, when it will be convenient for us&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q2. Again, &lt;em&gt;Войти&lt;/em&gt; means simply &lt;em&gt;to enter&lt;/em&gt;, which has little sense here (&quot;she said that she enters the shop&quot; - so what!?). The speaker tries to emphasize that she will go &lt;em&gt;for a short time&lt;/em&gt; (cf. also commonly spoken &lt;em&gt;заскочить&lt;/em&gt;). So the choice of &lt;em&gt;Зайти&lt;/em&gt; is obvious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q3. Well, why &lt;em&gt;Заходить&lt;/em&gt; is OK, it should be clear from Q1 and Q2. About &lt;em&gt;Обходить&lt;/em&gt;, it means &lt;em&gt;go around&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;make rounds&lt;/em&gt;, but you can't use it when talking about a single person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-12-15T15:22:46.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11411" CreationDate="2015-12-15T16:20:02.797" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Войти в агентство — Just a change of location. Completed action. A moment ago, you were out of the agency, and now - within the agency, nothing more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зайти в агентство — Completed action. Visit the agency with any purpose. Also can means &quot;Войти в агенство&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пойти в агентство — Guides(Go) to the Agency. Uncompleted action. You can go, but do not get into the agency for some reason. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обойти агентство — To bypass Agency without entering into it.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Обойти всё агентство — Being already within the agency, to visit every room,  visit all the places within it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зайти в магазин на 5 минут — enter the store and leave it in 5 minutes. &quot;зайти&quot; here - not only to enter but to go out after a short time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зайти в офис (находясь рядом) — Slightly changing the route(located nearby) cause a short visit to the office.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обойти офис — To bypass office without entering into it.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Обойти весь офис —  Being already within the office, to visit every room, visit all the places within it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2015-12-16T14:00:37.303" LastActivityDate="2015-12-16T14:00:37.303" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11419" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-16T08:34:33.043" Score="6" ViewCount="355" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Второзаконие 32:13-14 I read the word агнец, which appears in genitive plural. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он вознес его на высоту земли и кормил произведениями полей, и питал его медом из камня и елеем из твердой скалы, маслом коровьим и молоком овечьим, и туком &lt;strong&gt;агнцев&lt;/strong&gt; и овнов Васанских и козлов, и тучною пшеницею, и ты пил вино, кровь виноградных ягод.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to pronounce this word (агнцев)?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are three consonants in a row (гнц). Isn't there any vowel sound in between these, especially in between the г and the н?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5477" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2015-12-16T10:53:23.447" LastActivityDate="2015-12-16T22:18:12.967" Title="How to pronounce the word агнцев (three consonants in row)?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;согласные&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11419" CreationDate="2015-12-16T09:23:50.637" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You pronounce a schwa between &lt;em&gt;г&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;н&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;['agənt͡sɨf]&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the poetic rhythm calls for a two-syllable word, like here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С тобой люблю я, в мыслях сладких,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Собрать, устроить, просветить&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Народы; тигров, к крови падких,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В смиренных агнцев превратить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, the &lt;em&gt;г&lt;/em&gt; itself becomes lenient (vowel-like) and articulates as a nasalized uvular stop: &lt;em&gt;['aɢ&amp;#771;nt͡sɨf]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-12-16T10:45:22.050" LastActivityDate="2015-12-16T10:45:22.050" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11419" CreationDate="2015-12-16T10:51:38.103" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Slavic languages are notorious for use of consonant clusters. Russian is not that bad when compared to, say, Polish, but still one may have a hard time mastering those.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like @Quassnoi said, sometimes it may sound as if schwa were in between consonants, but basically you should really try not to pronounce any vowels at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now try to pronounce a funny made-up word &lt;em&gt;контрвзбзднуть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2015-12-16T10:51:38.103" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11422" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11424" CreationDate="2015-12-16T15:31:05.297" Score="2" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;скоро&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;quickly&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;скорее&lt;/strong&gt; is the comparative form of &lt;strong&gt;скоро&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what is the difference between &lt;strong&gt;скорее&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;поскорее&lt;/strong&gt;? Don't they both fundamentally mean &lt;em&gt;quicker&lt;/em&gt;? Or are they not interchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) постарайтесь увидеть этот фильм &lt;strong&gt;скорее&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) постарайтесь увидеть этот фильм &lt;strong&gt;поскорее&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2015-12-16T16:07:50.117" Title="скорее versus поскорее" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11423" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11422" CreationDate="2015-12-16T16:05:31.223" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that these words are synonyms in the most cases, but in your example the second option IMO looks &lt;em&gt;more Russian&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe it's because &lt;code&gt;Поскорее&lt;/code&gt; means something like &lt;code&gt;the earlier the better&lt;/code&gt; and not just &lt;code&gt;quicker&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2015-12-16T16:05:31.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11422" CreationDate="2015-12-16T16:07:50.117" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, &quot;&lt;em&gt;скорее&lt;/em&gt;&quot; may also mean &quot;&lt;em&gt;rather&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, which is not the case for &quot;&lt;em&gt;поскорее&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next, when both actually mean &quot;&lt;em&gt;quicker&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, they are synonyms, yet &lt;em&gt;поскорее&lt;/em&gt; sounds more natural if used alone, while &lt;em&gt;скорее&lt;/em&gt; is usually better if used in a &quot;full&quot; comparative construction (i.e. &quot;quicker than smth.&quot;). That is in your example sentence, I would certainly choose &lt;em&gt;поскорее&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-12-16T16:07:50.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11425" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11426" CreationDate="2015-12-16T18:22:10.250" Score="3" ViewCount="1568" Body="&lt;p&gt;Скажите пожалуйста какая разница между: Приглашать и Пригласить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли разница?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When would you use either one of them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6430" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2015-12-17T12:26:38.463" LastActivityDate="2015-12-17T12:26:38.463" Title="Приглашать или Пригласить?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;вид&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11425" CreationDate="2015-12-16T18:31:14.487" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are two aspects of the same verb:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Imperfective aspect: &lt;code&gt;Приглашать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Perfective aspect: &lt;code&gt;Пригласить&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More info and examples: &lt;a href=&quot;http://russianstepbystep.com/load/1-1-0-51&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;External link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2015-12-16T18:31:14.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11419" CreationDate="2015-12-16T18:32:00.597" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The system wants 30 characters lets try again:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try this one: &lt;a href=&quot;https://translate.yandex.ru/?text=%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86&amp;amp;lang=ru-en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://translate.yandex.ru/?text=%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86&amp;amp;lang=ru-en&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6430" LastEditorUserId="6430" LastEditDate="2015-12-16T18:47:57.117" LastActivityDate="2015-12-16T18:47:57.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11419" CreationDate="2015-12-16T22:18:12.967" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can hear my pronunciation here (I'm a native speaker):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9c5ff-vyZgcTi00c2VMUC00VWc/view&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9c5ff-vyZgcTi00c2VMUC00VWc/view&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4356" LastActivityDate="2015-12-16T22:18:12.967" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11425" CreationDate="2015-12-17T09:57:26.330" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference in usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Пригласить&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; means to invite somebody &lt;strong&gt;just once&lt;/strong&gt; (on some occasion).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Она пригласила его на свадьбу.&#xA;&#xA;Позвольте пригласить вас на танец.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Приглашать&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is used in most other cases. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(a)&lt;/strong&gt; somebody was invited numerous times, each time, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Каждый год я приглашал её на Рождество.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(b)&lt;/strong&gt; in some negative expressions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он пришёл в гости, хотя я его не приглашал.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(it is also possible to say &quot;не пригласил&quot; here but the version above adds a bit of emphasis, like 'I can't remember inviting him', 'I definitely did't invite him')&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(c)&lt;/strong&gt; in case where the invitation wasn't accepted&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я его приглашал, но он отказался от приглашения.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(like, he 'failed to invite' that person, maybe even tried it twice, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(d)&lt;/strong&gt; when speaking about past days (maybe once, but long ago)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я в своё время даже приглашал его на охоту. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-12-17T09:57:26.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11296" CreationDate="2015-12-17T22:00:00.583" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nominative is mostly used when noun acts as a &lt;em&gt;subject&lt;/em&gt;. In your case &quot;father&quot; is an &lt;em&gt;object&lt;/em&gt;, and there is no subject at all. Such sentences are called &lt;em&gt;impersonal&lt;/em&gt; since there is no distinct subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English &quot;there is&quot;/&quot;it is&quot; or similar constructions are used for this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No you could ask why the &lt;em&gt;accusative&lt;/em&gt; is not used then, and the reason is &quot;не стало чего-либо/кого-либо&quot; simply demands noun in &lt;em&gt;genitive&lt;/em&gt;. One could also try to invoke the negation rule that explains change of &lt;em&gt;accusative&lt;/em&gt; to &lt;em&gt;genitive&lt;/em&gt; in negated sentences but &quot;стать&quot; is not a transitive verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6432" LastActivityDate="2015-12-17T22:00:00.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11432" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11280" CreationDate="2015-12-18T03:26:45.207" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Uh. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You know, sometimes there is no specific rule, but rather a literary tradition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is о, об, and обо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To choose between об/обо there is pretty simple tradition:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Добавление гласного -о к предлогу об (об + о = обо) происходит в сочетаниях: обо мне, обо что, обо всё; обо также наряду с о (обо or о) употребляется в сочетаниях: обо всём, обо всей, обо всех.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the first part, it will not be right to say о мне, о что, о всё. However, you can actually say о всём/обо всём (подумать о/обо всём - to take account on everything).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To chose о or об there is a longer story:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ОБ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Об&quot; употребляется вместо &quot;о&quot; перед словами, начинающимися с гласных а, и, о, у, э: об армии, об игре, об огне, об угол, об электричестве, об эту пору.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;|| Перед словами, начинающимися с гласных е, я, ю, &quot;об&quot; употр. наряду с &quot;о&quot;, причем предпочтительно &quot;о&quot; : о елях, о его деле, о ее деле, о юности, о ягодах. (so you rather speak о, but will not be wrong to speak об елях, об его деле and so on)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;|| Перед местоимением &quot;их&quot; употребляется &quot;о&quot; наряду с &quot;об&quot; : о их деле и об их деле.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Перед словами, начинающимися с согласной, &quot;об&quot; часто, но не обязательно, употребляется в просторечии вместо &quot;о&quot;: об доме, об тебе, а также в некоторых сочетаниях и в литературной речи, например: рука об руку; биться, как рыба об лед и другие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«- Вы слышали об нем? - Об ком? - Об Чацком.» Грибоедов.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«Уж об твоем ли не радели об воспитании! С колыбели!» Грибоедов.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«Ну вот о чем жалеть! Об лошади!» Пушкин.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«Об ней жалели в доме все.» Пушкин.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«Мыслил только об деле.» Салтыков-Щедрин.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4454" LastActivityDate="2015-12-18T03:26:45.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11350" CreationDate="2015-12-18T04:18:51.577" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no straight analog for &quot;fun&quot; and its usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By itself, &quot;have fun&quot; is rather &quot;повеселись&quot;. But if in English you are having something fun, in Russian you rather doing something fun. Which make a big difference in grammatical constructions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, as far as I understand, in English it's okay to have a conversation like:&#xA;- I'm going to cinema.&#xA;- Great, have fun!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in Russian you usually will not see something like:&#xA;- Я иду в кино.&#xA;- Здорово, повеселись!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although it is not incorrect in any terms of grammar (if only the movie is not a horror or a lachrymose romance), it is just not like people are actually talking. In that case, if you don't want to expose yourself as a foreign spy, you should rather answer something like &quot;приятного просмотра&quot; or &quot;приятно провести время&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, &quot;to have fun&quot; is not the thing Russians are wish to each other in conversations too often. Although this is not means they aren't wish it at all. :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if to translate &quot;Did you have a fun night?&quot; - I would say it is &quot;Ты хорошо провёл вечер/ночь?&quot;. Depends on what the night actually was, 6PM - 0AM, or 0AM - 6AM.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Have fun&quot; is very general, but in Russian, in such cases, it is more specific to context:&#xA;Приятного просмотра - have fun [in cinema]&#xA;Приятно посидеть - have fun [in pub]&#xA;Приятно покататься - have fun [in any activity involving driving]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And so on. General phrase &quot;приятно провести время&quot; covers almost all cases, I believe, but as you see it is much longer than just &quot;have fun&quot;, and thus a bit formal phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if I'm correct, you could say &quot;have fun&quot; just like &quot;good luck&quot; (удачи) in some cases. &quot;Приятно провести время&quot; doesn't cover this, it is bound to an ongoing event that suggests having actual fun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4454" LastActivityDate="2015-12-18T04:18:51.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11435" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11436" CreationDate="2015-12-18T12:24:12.100" Score="6" ViewCount="174" Body="&lt;p&gt;Take a sentence such as &lt;em&gt;Я имею &lt;strong&gt;основания&lt;/strong&gt; ей не верить&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If основания is &lt;strong&gt;accusative&lt;/strong&gt;, then it must be &lt;strong&gt;plural&lt;/strong&gt;. And thus the translation will be: I have &lt;strong&gt;reasons&lt;/strong&gt; not to trust her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if основания is &lt;strong&gt;genitive&lt;/strong&gt;, then it must be &lt;strong&gt;singular&lt;/strong&gt;. And thus the translation will be: I have a &lt;strong&gt;reason&lt;/strong&gt; not to trust her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure native Russian speakers can identify the correct form instantly from years of input, but what is going on behind the scenes here? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe I must simply know that there are no rules that make &lt;strong&gt;основания&lt;/strong&gt; genitive here, and therefore it must be accusative, and mean reason&lt;strong&gt;s&lt;/strong&gt;, not reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2015-12-22T13:11:21.280" Title="Noun case and plurality" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11436" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11435" CreationDate="2015-12-18T13:21:33.377" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, a side note: unlike most other languages, you don't use &lt;em&gt;имею&lt;/em&gt; in Russian unless there's a reason to. See this question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/2509/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C-vs-%D1%83-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F-for-physical-things/&quot;&gt;Иметь vs у меня for physical things&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, you say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня есть основания ей не верить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, &lt;em&gt;имею&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt; in proximal possessive sense) does not govern genitive when positive, but does when negative. That's how the language works. It is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня есть + nom.&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;я имею + acc.&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня нет&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;я не имею&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;em&gt;+ gen.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, you can say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня нет основания&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is negative, hence the object is in genitive, hence it is singular, and the whole sentence means &quot;I don't have a reason&quot;; or you can say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня есть основания&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is positive, hence the object is in nominative, hence it is plural. This means &quot;I have (my) reasons&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-12-18T18:57:51.063" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9493" CreationDate="2015-12-18T14:55:09.660" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I too was looking for answer to the same question: why &quot;I'm at home&quot; would be translated &quot;я дома&quot; with дом in the genitive as opposed to maybe with a preposition, like &quot;я на доме&quot; or &quot;я в доме&quot;. I guess sometimes you just have to accept that that's the way it's said and that's what it means. Really, that's how all children learn their native language. Everything is taught by repetition and only after a good few years of learning to use the language by trial and error can one then reflect back on the why's of it all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6438" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2015-12-18T19:06:19.453" LastActivityDate="2015-12-18T19:06:19.453" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11438" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11440" CreationDate="2015-12-18T19:43:31.837" Score="2" ViewCount="847" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я знаю русский язык.&quot; and &quot;Я говорю русский язык.&quot; is as I have understood it equal in meaning (please, correct me if I am wrong).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Today my tutor told me that: &quot;Я говорю русский язык.&quot; is the preferred phrase to use. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would prefer to use: &quot;Я знаю русский язык&quot; that is if they are equal in meaning. Let me know what you think and if there is a difference between these two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6442" LastActivityDate="2015-12-19T21:47:31.580" Title="Dífference between: &quot;Я знаю русский язык.&quot; and &quot;Я говорю русский язык.&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11438" CreationDate="2015-12-18T20:00:24.963" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я говорю русский язык&quot; is absolutely incorrect. You should say  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я говорю по-русски  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я знаю русский язык&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2015-12-18T20:00:24.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11438" CreationDate="2015-12-18T20:00:36.300" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your tutor is wrong. The second option sounds incorrectly.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Correct options are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я владею русским (языком).  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я говорю по-русски.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я знаю русский (язык).  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я говорю на русском (языке).  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IMO: The first is the preferable one. The last is the worst.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As @Matt and @user907860 mentioned in comment, &lt;code&gt;Я говорю&lt;/code&gt; has two meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I speak&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [Now] I'm speaking&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So options 2 and 4 can have another meaning in some circustances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2015-12-19T21:47:31.580" LastActivityDate="2015-12-19T21:47:31.580" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11441" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11443" CreationDate="2015-12-19T02:18:52.977" Score="5" ViewCount="318" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rosetta Stone is trying to teach me there any difference between &lt;code&gt;Мужчина в туфлях&lt;/code&gt; when it previously taught that на should be used for wearing clothing with words such as туфли, шляпа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6444" LastActivityDate="2015-12-22T13:45:58.780" Title="Difference between на and в in clothing" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11441" CreationDate="2015-12-19T04:25:17.317" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мужчина в туфлях&lt;/strong&gt; (в ботинках; туфли из more typical for women to wear) translates as '&lt;strong&gt;a man wearing shoes&lt;/strong&gt;' (literally, with shoes on his feet).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;На мужчине (были) туфли&lt;/strong&gt; is a possible expession to describe someone's appearance; it includes &lt;em&gt;a verb&lt;/em&gt; and is more like '&lt;strong&gt;that man has (had) shoes on his feet&lt;/strong&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-12-19T04:25:17.317" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11441" CreationDate="2015-12-19T22:45:39.643" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мужчина в туфлях&lt;/strong&gt; had the meaning &quot;man wearing shoes&quot;. The important rule is that sentence tells you about a man &lt;strong&gt;as the main subject of the sentence&lt;/strong&gt; who wears some piece of clothing (which is not a main subject, but an attribute to describe the person) - a man or woman wearing something should be described normally using &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мужчина в одежде&#xA;Женщина в платье \ в пальто \ в шапке&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Use &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; is when wearer is NOT a main subject of the expression, and piece of clothes IS THE SUBJECT. Then use the clothing name followed by &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; and  reference to whoever has that piece of clothing on. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пальто на жещине&#xA;Одежда на мужчине&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;hope this gets you the idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: as noted in the thread, if we talk about a woman on high heels,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;женщина В туфлях НА каблуке&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is correct. So woman is В туфлях and shoes (in turn) are НА каблуке. Some sort of nested structure. Same rule works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is however some sort of shortened version of this that may be of interest:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;женщина на каблуках&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is viewed as not &quot;wearing&quot; but more like &quot;standing on&quot;. So &quot;wearing&quot; convention for &lt;strong&gt;в\на&lt;/strong&gt; may no longer be relevant. In that sense &quot;на&quot; can be used for a person in relation of heels. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6445" LastEditorUserId="6445" LastEditDate="2015-12-22T13:45:58.780" LastActivityDate="2015-12-22T13:45:58.780" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11445" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11446" CreationDate="2015-12-20T13:15:29.537" Score="15" ViewCount="359" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any situations where: прямо is pronounced as: прямó?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was watching the victory parade, the one in China and I got the impression that the officer said: &quot;прямó&quot; but i could have heard wrong. Please let me know if there exist a distinction in pronunciation for this word. If there is no distinction I will apply for a hearing aid. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From RT: starting at: 25:25&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoC0Xcjko0A&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoC0Xcjko0A&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6448" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T17:22:27.540" Title="Prounciation of прямо?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11445" CreationDate="2015-12-20T13:24:30.343" Score="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;Military oral commands can have several stresses.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Typically a word is divided into two parts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All syllables, except the last one. It identifies a command and means &lt;em&gt;get ready for step 2&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The last syllable that means &lt;em&gt;Go!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нале-во!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Напра-во!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Пря-мо!  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2015-12-22T16:19:29.597" LastActivityDate="2015-12-22T16:19:29.597" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11280" CreationDate="2015-12-20T17:12:49.590" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not know about rules, but &quot;o меня&quot; sounds incorrect for me. Never heard or read a Russian native speaker use it. I live in Kharkiv, Ukraine and I am a native speaker of Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6449" LastEditorUserId="6449" LastEditDate="2019-10-21T03:01:15.293" LastActivityDate="2019-10-21T03:01:15.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11441" CreationDate="2015-12-21T12:42:21.193" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case you can just apply a direct translation and be good: в = in, на = on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &quot;a man in hat/shoes/gloves/etc&quot; = &quot;мужчина в шляпе/туфлях/перчатках/и т.д.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Hat/shoes/gloves/etc on a man&quot; = &quot;шляпа/туфли/перчатки/и т.д. на мужчине&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Штаны на ремне&quot; = &quot;pants on a belt&quot;, I don't sure if it is the way to actually say it in English, but the meaning is quite obvious, and the pants are holding on that belt, not in it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One not so obvious case I've found is &quot;ходить на высоких каблуках&quot; or &quot;носить обувь на высоких каблуках&quot;. As I see it is rather &quot;in high heels&quot; in English, but this just because &quot;high heels&quot; is used as &quot;shoes with high heels&quot; equivalent, and one wearing shoes is &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; the shoes, not &lt;em&gt;on&lt;/em&gt; it. But if your shoes have any heels, you are definitely standing on that heels, not in them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the words and the context translates quite straightforward. You can say both &quot;в/на высоких каблуках&quot; regarding to wearing such shoes, but if there is any standing on those heels involved, it is always &quot;on&quot;=&quot;на&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And you definitely not &quot;ходишь на шляпе&quot; or &quot;ходишь на туфлях&quot;, this is weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4454" LastActivityDate="2015-12-21T12:42:21.193" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11449" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11435" CreationDate="2015-12-22T13:11:21.280" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're correct - there are rules that make it clear. The Russian speaker instictively knows that the verb &lt;strong&gt;иметь&lt;/strong&gt; takes the accusative and not the genitive case. However in a negative context, it sometimes does take the genitive: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это не имеет &lt;strong&gt;смысла&lt;/strong&gt;. [&amp;lt; &lt;strong&gt;смысл&lt;/strong&gt; m. &lt;em&gt;sense, meaning&lt;/em&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This doesn't make&lt;/em&gt; [lit: &lt;em&gt;have&lt;/em&gt;] &lt;em&gt;sense&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to answer your question, what's going on behind the scenes here is a simple matter of &lt;strong&gt;case government&lt;/strong&gt;, which can vary from verb to verb. For instance, the verb &lt;em&gt;help&lt;/em&gt; takes a direct object in English, yet an indirect [dative] object in Russian. With this knowledge, the Russian sees &lt;strong&gt;Президент помогает бедным&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;The president helps the poor&lt;/em&gt; and instantly knows that here &lt;em&gt;бедным&lt;/em&gt; is the dative plural and not the instrumental singular, for example, which have identical endings in adjectives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2015-12-22T13:11:21.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11450" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11451" CreationDate="2015-12-22T16:38:32.137" Score="8" ViewCount="1260" Body="&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance for any answers or tips.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am using Duolingo to begin my learning of the Russian language (if there is a better product please let me know). In the beginning lessons they use &quot;Россия&quot; as &quot;Russia&quot; such as &quot;вот Россия&quot;. Speaking with a Russian friend and saying &quot;в Россия&quot; was wrong, he corrected it to &quot;в России&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He wasn't sure how to explain the difference and said this:&#xA;&quot;Может примеры помогут:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Россия большая, Россия красивая, Россия интересная&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Из России с любовью, граница России, экономика России, я еду из России&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &quot;Россия&quot; for Russia in general, while &quot;России&quot; is for specific Russian things?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6451" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-12-22T17:03:56.827" LastActivityDate="2015-12-22T17:03:56.827" Title="When to use &quot;России&quot; and when to use &quot;Россия&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11450" CreationDate="2015-12-22T16:58:13.797" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian is an inflecting language, like Latin or Ancient Greek. There are six cases for nouns and adjectives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nominative: &lt;strong&gt;Россия&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Genitive: &lt;strong&gt;России&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dative: &lt;strong&gt;России&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Accusative: &lt;strong&gt;Россию&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instrumental: &lt;strong&gt;Россией&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prepositional: &lt;strong&gt;(о) России&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; in parentheses is a token preposition that it's customary to put there, since the prepositional case is never used without one — hence its name.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all of your examples under (2), the case used is genitive. And the fact that three out of the six oblique forms are the same isn't altogether representative. Besides, there's also a plural declension — that would rarely be used with a proper name like &lt;strong&gt;Россия&lt;/strong&gt;, but here goes anyway:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nominative: &lt;strong&gt;России&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Genitive: &lt;strong&gt;Россий&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dative: &lt;strong&gt;Россиям&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Accusative: &lt;strong&gt;России&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instrumental: &lt;strong&gt;Россиями&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prepositional: &lt;strong&gt;(о) Россиях&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're only starting to learn Russian, you'll be introduced to all that eventually. For now, you're getting a little ahead of yourself when you come up with theories of that sort. There's a &lt;em&gt;lot&lt;/em&gt; of rules involved in deciding which case to use; most of the time, you can't just chain words together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-12-22T16:58:13.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11452" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11453" CreationDate="2015-12-22T22:23:23.860" Score="2" ViewCount="294" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a question about present Gerund for the verb (бежáть). Does a gerund for present tense exist for this verb? Could (my guess) the present Gerund be: &quot;бежaя&quot; for бежáть?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please correct if I am wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am using a site* that is usually reliable but for this verb Gerund is missing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;starling.rinet.ru&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/morphque.cgi?flags=endnnnn&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/morphque.cgi?flags=endnnnn&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6463" LastEditorUserId="6463" LastEditDate="2015-12-22T22:34:02.357" LastActivityDate="2015-12-23T13:17:05.473" Title="Gerund, present tense for the verb: бежáть?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11452" CreationDate="2015-12-22T22:51:10.237" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can you give an example of a sentence where you want to use it?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The form you are looking for is called деепричастие, and it is not really a gerund. A gerund is a verb form used as a noun. Деепричастие is a verb form used a adverb. According to Wikipedia, this form is called transgressive in English, but the Wiki article does not mention Russian. By the way, English doesn't have transgressives, and just uses participles instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Деепричастие can be perfective and imperfective, just like verbs. Perfective would be &quot;бежав&quot;. As for the imperfective, I don't think it exists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2015-12-22T22:54:35.070" LastActivityDate="2015-12-22T22:54:35.070" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11454" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-23T01:57:35.710" Score="7" ViewCount="1242" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to be relatively common knowledge that the name &quot;Красная Площадь,&quot; while translated in English as &quot;Red Square,&quot; does not actually mean &quot;Red Square&quot; in Russian, but rather &quot;Beautiful Square.&quot; However, I saw this: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The name Red Square does not originate from the pigment of the&#xA;  surrounding bricks (which, in fact, were whitewashed at certain&#xA;  periods) nor from the link between the color red and communism.&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Rather, the name came about because the Russian word красная&#xA;  (krasnaya), which means &quot;red,&quot; was applied to a small area between St.&#xA;  Basil's Cathedral, the Spassky Tower of the Kremlin, and the Lobnoe&#xA;  Mesto (place of execution), and Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich officially&#xA;  extended the name to the entire square&lt;/strong&gt;, which had previously been&#xA;  called Pozhar, or &quot;burnt-out place&quot;, in reference to the fact that&#xA;  several buildings had to be burned down to make place for the square.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.heesterbeek.net/Russia/Moscow/Moscow.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Square#Origin_and_name&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find an original source for that information and would be willing to dismiss it entirely. However, I would still wonder why in &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C#.D0.9F.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;seemingly every language&lt;/a&gt;--including every other Slavic language--the name of the square is equivalent to &quot;Red&quot; Square--especially since in Russian, &quot;красный&quot; has a distinct tie with  прекрасный/красивый, and in a number of cases is still understood to mean that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is there &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; chance that the name given for Красная Площадь was actually intended to mean &quot;red&quot;? (i.e., that the story that most people believe--of the epithet for St. Basil's Cathedral carrying over to the rest of the square--is not true?) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you had to generalize, do Russians today hear/understand the name as &quot;Red Square&quot; or &quot;Beautiful Square&quot; (regardless of what they know intellectually about its origins)? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the latter: why does ~every other nation, including former Soviet and CIS countries, seem, according to their translations, to understand it as &quot;Red&quot; Square?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related: &lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/1488/what-is-the-first-recorded-appearance-of-the-mistranslation-red-square&quot;&gt;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/1488/what-is-the-first-recorded-appearance-of-the-mistranslation-red-square&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Closely related: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/2931/when-did-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C-begin-to-shift-from-beautiful-to-red&quot;&gt;When did Красная Площадь begin to shift from Beautiful to Red?&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4238" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2020-06-22T22:21:50.567" Title="&quot;Красная&quot; Площадь" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;toponyms&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11452" CreationDate="2015-12-23T07:09:35.980" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no &lt;em&gt;formal&lt;/em&gt; gerund in Russian, but English expressions can often be translated closely to original mood by using different parts of speech, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;running away&lt;/strong&gt; (as in 'while running away, he didn't look back') - &lt;strong&gt;убегая&lt;/strong&gt; (деепричастие)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;running away&lt;/strong&gt; (as in 'his running away was unexpected') - &lt;strong&gt;бегство&lt;/strong&gt; (существительное)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;running&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;бег&lt;/strong&gt; (существительное)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to keep on &lt;strong&gt;running&lt;/strong&gt; - продолжать &lt;strong&gt;бежать/бег&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Verb-to-noun and adv. participle forms &lt;em&gt;mainly&lt;/em&gt; exist with some prefixed versions of the verb (&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;бегая/&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;бегание, &lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt;бегая/&lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt;бежание/&lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt;бегание, &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;бегая/&lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;бегание, etc.). The form you asked of doesn't exist (if there were such a word, it would sound like &quot;бежа&quot;), but still it can be translated as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;на бегу&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P.S.&lt;/strong&gt; There's also a related imperfective verb with no prefix: &lt;strong&gt;бегать&lt;/strong&gt;, which can mean &lt;em&gt;to run around&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;to run continuously or from time to time&lt;/em&gt;. This one gives the corresponding adverbial participle &lt;strong&gt;бегая&lt;/strong&gt; with the sense '(while) &lt;strong&gt;running around&lt;/strong&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2015-12-23T13:17:05.473" LastActivityDate="2015-12-23T13:17:05.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11456" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11457" CreationDate="2015-12-23T07:38:32.007" Score="0" ViewCount="75" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Эта&lt;/strong&gt; игра что надо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Это&lt;/strong&gt; игра что надо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4270" LastEditorUserId="4801" LastEditDate="2015-12-23T08:43:28.683" LastActivityDate="2015-12-23T08:44:06.597" Title="Согласование рода" Tags="&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11456" CreationDate="2015-12-23T08:05:24.170" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally, &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Эта&lt;/strong&gt; is when you contrast it with an implied &lt;strong&gt;та игра&lt;/strong&gt; (or &lt;strong&gt;те игры&lt;/strong&gt;) that aren't quite up to par.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-12-23T08:05:24.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11454" CreationDate="2015-12-23T08:38:32.900" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer your second question, in modern Russian &lt;em&gt;красный (красная, красное)&lt;/em&gt; means red, as in color. When someone says &lt;em&gt;Красная площадь&lt;/em&gt;, what comes to mind is the square at the center of Moscow, and neither color red nor anything else. It’s like if someone would say &lt;em&gt;Sears tower&lt;/em&gt;, it’s the landmark building in Chicago that comes to mind, not the retail chain or its bankruptcy story. Or, if you hear &lt;em&gt;White house&lt;/em&gt;, you’d think of the residence of US president, and not so much of the actual color. &lt;em&gt;Red sea&lt;/em&gt; is a sea between Africa and Middle East, and we don’t associate it with anything red. &#xA;Your first question is too deep for me to answer. &#xA;I hope that helps. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6425" LastEditorUserId="6425" LastEditDate="2015-12-28T22:09:03.703" LastActivityDate="2015-12-28T22:09:03.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11456" CreationDate="2015-12-23T08:44:06.597" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both are acceptable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Эта игра что надо&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;This game is good&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это игра что надо&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;It is a good game&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-12-23T08:44:06.597" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11454" CreationDate="2015-12-23T09:15:44.473" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there any chance that the name given for Красная Площадь was actually intended to mean &quot;red&quot;? (i.e., that the story that most people believe--of the epithet for St. Basil's Cathedral carrying over to the rest of the square--is not true?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes and no. It took place in XVII century. And as we know, the word &quot;&lt;em&gt;Красный&lt;/em&gt;&quot; got the meaning of &quot;&lt;em&gt;Red&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in XVI century, and (almost) fully replaced the word &quot;&lt;em&gt;Червлёный&lt;/em&gt;&quot; during 1600s. So I believe that was an intended wordplay from the very beginning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-12-23T09:15:44.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11454" CreationDate="2015-12-23T09:21:56.657" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you had to generalize, do Russians today hear/understand the name&#xA;  as &quot;Red Square&quot; or &quot;Beautiful Square&quot; (regardless of what they know&#xA;  intellectually about its origins)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian &lt;code&gt;красный&lt;/code&gt; does not mean &lt;code&gt;красивый&lt;/code&gt;.  For example, even if there is an idiom &lt;code&gt;красна девица&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;красная девица&lt;/code&gt;, meaning beautiful girl and used mostly in fairy tails, you cannot say to a girl &lt;code&gt;ты очень красная&lt;/code&gt;. She would either not understand what are you trying to say, or think that she is red from hot weather, shyness etc.  If a proof of a mathematical theorem is beautiful, you can call it &lt;code&gt;красивое доказательство&lt;/code&gt; but not &lt;code&gt;красное доказательство&lt;/code&gt;, and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is what the colors mean in the modern Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Красный: a communist&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Коричневый: a nazi&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Жёлтый: when speaking about mass media, it means the same as in English (жёлтая пресса, жёлтая передача etc.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Зелёный: very young and/or inexperienced&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Голубой: homosexual (male)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Синий: &lt;code&gt;синяк&lt;/code&gt; means alcoholist (the main meaning is a bruise), &lt;code&gt;синячить&lt;/code&gt; means to drink (alcoholic beverages). Also one can be &quot;blue&quot; from cold temperature, bruises, or blood supply problems.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Белый, чёрный: refers to skin color. Also, чёрный often means illegal or unofficial, especially with respect to money: &lt;code&gt;чёрная зарплата&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;чёрный нал&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;чёрный археолог&lt;/code&gt; etc., while белый sometimes means the opposite (&lt;code&gt;белая зарплата&lt;/code&gt;). There are many other meanings.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Серый: having no talents, ordinary, opposite of &quot;outstanding&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Фиолетовый: (кому-либо) это фиолетово means (somebody) doesn't care at all about it, i. e. &lt;code&gt;мне это глубоко фиолетово&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2015-12-23T09:43:45.963" LastActivityDate="2015-12-23T09:43:45.963" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11462" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-23T10:23:34.527" Score="2" ViewCount="1151" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is meaning this word? Same as &quot;privet&quot;? And what should i reply for this word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6296" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-12-23T12:39:00.840" LastActivityDate="2016-01-07T21:34:02.920" Title="What is meaning when someone say &quot;Xай&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11462" CreationDate="2015-12-23T10:32:42.120" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it's the same as &quot;привет&quot; because &quot;Хай&quot; is simply a transliteration of &quot;Hi&quot;. You can use &quot;privet/привет&quot;(more informal) or &quot;Zdravstvyite/здравствуйте&quot; (more formal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6465" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2015-12-27T21:17:33.633" LastActivityDate="2015-12-27T21:17:33.633" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11462" CreationDate="2015-12-23T12:22:44.107" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Хай&lt;/code&gt; (transliteration of &lt;code&gt;Hi&lt;/code&gt;) is more informal and joyous than &lt;code&gt;привет&lt;/code&gt;, which is in turn more informal than &lt;code&gt;здравствуй(те)&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Хай&lt;/code&gt; is seldom used in on-line chats (use &lt;code&gt;привет&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;hi&lt;/code&gt;).  In real life talks, it may be used between young people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-12-23T12:22:44.107" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11454" CreationDate="2015-12-23T13:58:52.597" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Kremlin was painted red only in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.istpravda.ru/pictures/226/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the times of Stalin&lt;/a&gt;, about 1947, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com.ua/search?q=%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8C%20%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&amp;amp;biw=1024&amp;amp;bih=653&amp;amp;source=lnms&amp;amp;tbm=isch&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwi065joj_LJAhUKnHIKHZEAD1QQ_AUIBigB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;before that it was painted white&lt;/a&gt;, so the name &lt;em&gt;Красная площадь&lt;/em&gt; which was first attested in the early 17th century could no way relate to the now-red Kremlin walls and towers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2015-12-23T13:58:52.597" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11454" CreationDate="2015-12-23T14:25:28.453" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there any chance that the name given for Красная Площадь was actually intended to mean &quot;red&quot;? (i.e., that the story that most people believe--of the epithet for St. Basil's Cathedral carrying over to the rest of the square--is not true?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the most popular version, this name was given to the square by Tsar Alexis, who has extended it from a little part of the square (as we know it now) to the whole area between Kremlin wall, the Kazan Cathedral and the St. Basil's cathedral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a place is given a new name by a person, it is hardly just some kind of a word, it has to symbolize something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, a street which used to be called Chertolskaya, had been renamed Prechistenskaya (&quot;The purest&quot;, one of the Virgin Mary's titles) because of the former name's similarity to the Russian word &lt;em&gt;чёрт&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;devil&quot;). The street Vozdvizhenka was renamed Smolenskaya to mark the liberation of Smolensk which had happened four years earlier. And so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's hardly possible that the Tsar (who had been a very literate person and of course aware of all the meanings of the word) just picked a random color to name a square. There was nothing remarkably red about the square at the time. On the other hand, renaming something from &quot;the burnt place&quot; to &quot;the beautiful place&quot; is a much more plausible thing to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you had to generalize, do Russians today hear/understand the name as &quot;Red Square&quot; or &quot;Beautiful Square&quot; (regardless of what they know intellectually about its origins)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A naive translation would have been &quot;red&quot;, of course. However, most Russians are aware of the origin of the name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the latter: why does ~every other nation, including former Soviet and CIS countries, seem, according to their translations, to understand it as &quot;Red&quot; Square?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably for the same reasons Ivan IV is &quot;Ivan the Terrible&quot; and the body of water Moses crossed is &quot;Red Sea&quot; in every other language. Those are misnomers with a history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2015-12-24T12:08:26.357" LastActivityDate="2015-12-24T12:08:26.357" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11467" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11572" CreationDate="2015-12-23T18:24:57.517" Score="2" ViewCount="366" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как будет правильно: класс модели или класс моделей?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Предполагается, что каждая &quot;модель&quot; является экземпляром этого класса. Вопрос про терминологию объектно-ориентированного программирования.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Допустим, на некотором языке программирования создается класс, каждый экземпляр которого является (по определению) моделью. Правильно называть этот класс &quot;класс модели&quot; или &quot;класс моделей&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6471" LastEditorUserId="6471" LastEditDate="2015-12-23T18:33:20.043" LastActivityDate="2016-01-10T21:15:27.680" Title="Класс модели или класс моделей?" Tags="&lt;множественное-число&gt;&lt;информатика&gt;&lt;terminology&gt;&lt;фраза&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11467" CreationDate="2015-12-23T19:45:21.250" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;В обществе есть класс, каждый представитель которого - капиталист. Как он называется? Класс капиталистов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В школе есть класс, куда отправляют только хулиганов.  Как он называется? Класс хулиганов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В компьютерной программе есть класс, каждый экземпляр которого - модель.  Как он должен называться?  Ну конечно же, класс моделей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2015-12-23T19:45:21.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11469" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11467" CreationDate="2015-12-23T19:58:39.580" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Отвечу как программист.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Применительно к ООП, как мне представляется, единственно верным будет &lt;em&gt;класс модели&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поясню.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Речь идет о типе, каждый экземпляр которого есть объект типа &lt;em&gt;модель&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;В частности, в качестве типа может быть структура, класс (а может и еще что, в зависимости от языка программирования).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Этот тип, невзирая на потенциальную множественность его экземпляров, существует в единственном числе.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;В этом случае, имеет смысл называть данный тип: &lt;em&gt;класс модели&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поясню на примере.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Есть класс &lt;code&gt;Велосипед&lt;/code&gt;.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Еще есть класс коллекции велосипедов &lt;code&gt;Велосипеды&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чтобы адресовать первый, следует использовать фразу &lt;em&gt;класс велосипеда&lt;/em&gt;, второй - &lt;em&gt;класс велосипедов&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еще лучше называть как оно есть:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Класс Model&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Класс Bicycle&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2015-12-23T20:05:38.260" LastActivityDate="2015-12-23T20:05:38.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11467" CreationDate="2015-12-24T02:38:52.827" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Заданный вопрос имеет не столько отношение к русскому языку, сколько к определению самого понятия класс. Наибольшую общность подхода даёт математика, и её приложения. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Примеры.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Класс наследует своё название &lt;em&gt;по названию элементов (мн.ч.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Класс чётных чисел, класс млекопитающих, класс капиталистов, класс&#xA;  представителей, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Класс наследует своё название &lt;em&gt;по названию отношения (ед.ч.)&lt;/em&gt; между элементами&lt;b&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Класс эквивалентности,  класс подобия, класс параллельности, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Множество классов отношения&lt;b&gt;:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Множество классов эквивалентности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нам нет нужды обращаться к публике за советом. Ответ вычисляется и проверяется самостоятельно, обращаясь только к логике: кто/что даёт название классу?   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обращаясь к Вашему частному примеру.     &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Класс как термин оказался востребованным, чтобы уйти от известного противоречия &quot;множество множеств&quot;. Но если опустить эти частности, то можно считать класс тем же множеством. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Идём в одну сторону: в некоем множестве, например, артефактов, выделяются эквивалентные вещи. Например, книги. Понятно, что они разные, но также интуитивно понятно, что все книги эквивалентны в том, что они именно книги. Это класс книг. Теперь путь в обратную сторону: каждая книга содержит то, что делает ее именно книгой, то есть, по одному элементу можно вообразить целый класс книг.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если Ваш термин &quot;модель&quot; это элемент множества, составляющего класс, или, по элементу-модели можно вообразить целый класс таких моделей, то мы говорим: это &lt;em&gt;класс моделей.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если же Вы дадите определение некоего отношения &quot;модель&quot; (в математике Вы свободны в этом), то можете назвать своё множество по этому отношению. Проверить правильность высказывания можно чисто логически, если сможете заключить в один класс: класс эквивалентности и класс модели.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2015-12-24T02:38:52.827" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11467" CreationDate="2015-12-24T06:44:37.523" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Если этим выражением характеризуют класс в целом, то &quot;&lt;strong&gt;класс моделей&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (условный класс, в который входят модели определённого вида). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Если речь идёт об отдельном представителе класса, то в зависимости от формы утверждения, возможны выражения  &quot;&lt;strong&gt;модель класса&lt;/strong&gt;...&quot; . (модель, принадлежащая к далее упоминаемому классу) и &quot;&lt;strong&gt;класс модели&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (класс, к которому принадлежит рассматриваемая модель). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для сравнения: 1) &lt;em&gt;порода собак&lt;/em&gt;, 2а) &lt;em&gt;собака&lt;/em&gt; такой-то &lt;em&gt;породы&lt;/em&gt;, 2б) &lt;em&gt;порода&lt;/em&gt; этой &lt;em&gt;собаки&lt;/em&gt; такая-то.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-12-24T06:44:37.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11472" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11473" CreationDate="2015-12-24T06:53:02.847" Score="1" ViewCount="3276" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это слишком сложное для меня предложение. &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/punctum?layout=item&amp;amp;id=58_574&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Справочник&lt;/a&gt; по пунктуации не сильно помог. Как правильно расставить знаки препинания?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как просто указать стрелку понятно с помощью метода &lt;code&gt;setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled&lt;/code&gt;. Как убрать логотип понятно &lt;code&gt;setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(false)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нашёл в &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.stackoverflow.com/q/293186/17429&quot;&gt;этом вопросе&lt;/a&gt; и засомневался в том, что надо использовать тире.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2199" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T05:45:43.723" Title="Пунктуация в предложении со словом &quot;понятно&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11472" CreationDate="2015-12-24T11:33:46.890" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как просто указать стрелку, понятно: с помощью метода &lt;code&gt;setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled&lt;/code&gt;. Как убрать логотип, понятно: &lt;code&gt;setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(false)&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тут главное вот что:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;До «понятно» &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;обязательно&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; должен быть какой-то знак препинания. Иначе «понятно» влипает в предыдущее предложение — и смысл его искажается: становится что-то вроде «как понятно указать стрелку», то есть теперь &lt;code&gt;setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled&lt;/code&gt; у нас не просто &lt;em&gt;указывает стрелку&lt;/em&gt;, а &lt;em&gt;указывает стрелку понятно&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;После «понятно» тоже &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;обязательно&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; должен быть какой-то знак препинания. Иначе «понятно» влипает в последующее предложение — и смысл его искажается: теперь с помощью метода &lt;code&gt;setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled&lt;/code&gt; мы &lt;em&gt;понимаем, как указать стрелку&lt;/em&gt;, вместо того, чтобы &lt;em&gt;указывать её&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть «понятно» нужно с двух сторон отделить какими-то знаками, иначе смысл кардинально исказится. Какими знаками — это во многом на Ваше усмотрение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;До «понятно» можно поставить:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;запятую (если мы воспринимаем это в стиле «понятно, как просто [...]»);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;тире (&lt;a href=&quot;http://old-rozental.ru/punctuatio.php?sid=142#ppp_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;§ 138.1.1&lt;/a&gt;; параллелизм структуры усиливает желание поставить тире);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вопросительный знак.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;После «понятно» можно поставить:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;если мы воспринимаем «понятно» не как вводное, а как сказуемое:&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;тире (&lt;a href=&quot;http://old-rozental.ru/punctuatio.php?sid=151#ppp_7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;§ 45.7&lt;/a&gt;);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;двоеточие (&lt;a href=&quot;http://old-rozental.ru/punctuatio.php?sid=150#ppp_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;§ 44.1&lt;/a&gt; или &lt;a href=&quot;http://old-rozental.ru/punctuatio.php?sid=150#ppp_3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;§ 44.3&lt;/a&gt;);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;открывающаяся скобка;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;запятую, если мы считаем «понятно» просто вводным словом.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как просто указать стрелку — понятно (с помощью метода &lt;code&gt;setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled&lt;/code&gt;). Как убрать логотип — понятно (&lt;code&gt;setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(false)&lt;/code&gt;). Но как и убрать логотип приложения, и отобразить стрелку — непонятно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Ниже идёт старый вариант ответа:&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;s&gt;Как просто указать стрелку, понятно с помощью метода &lt;code&gt;setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled&lt;/code&gt;. Как убрать логотип, понятно &lt;code&gt;setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(false)&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/s&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;-- такая пунктуация означала бы, что мы &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;понимаем с помощью метода &lt;code&gt;setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;. Теоретически такое возможно, т.к. многое может быть понятно благодаря одному только наличию этого метода в списке методов. Но на самом деле это немного бред, т.к. обычно люди понимают с помощью документации/мозгов, а метод &lt;code&gt;setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled&lt;/code&gt; -- это уже то, с помощью чего люди это делают (указывают стрелку), а не то, с помощью чего люди понимают, как это сделать.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Как просто указать стрелку? Понятно, с помощью метода &lt;code&gt;setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled&lt;/code&gt;. Как убрать логотип? Понятно, &lt;code&gt;setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(false)&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Или авторские варианты:&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Как просто указать стрелку? Понятно! С помощью метода &lt;code&gt;setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled&lt;/code&gt;. Как убрать логотип? Понятно: &lt;code&gt;setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(false)&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6452" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T22:33:16.190" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11475" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11476" CreationDate="2015-12-24T12:19:55.967" Score="1" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which is the correct translation of &lt;strong&gt;учитель увидел по глазам учеников, что что-то случилось&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The teacher saw in the &lt;strong&gt;eyes&lt;/strong&gt; of the &lt;strong&gt;student&lt;/strong&gt;, that something had happened.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The teacher saw in the &lt;strong&gt;eyes&lt;/strong&gt; of the &lt;strong&gt;students&lt;/strong&gt;, that something had happened.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that &lt;strong&gt;учеников&lt;/strong&gt; is in the genitive plural, but I'm confused whether it's plural due to more than one eye (&lt;strong&gt;глазам&lt;/strong&gt;) or because there is more than one student. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2015-12-24T12:22:42.747" LastActivityDate="2015-12-24T13:28:42.147" Title="Correct interpretation of genitive plural noun when preceded by another plural noun" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11475" CreationDate="2015-12-24T13:28:42.147" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @Dmitry said, the second option is correct. If you translate first expression to russian it will be &lt;strong&gt;учитель увидел по глазам ученика, что что-то случилось&lt;/strong&gt;. And it has nothing to do with eyes, i think in english it would sound as awkward as in russian if you say something like 'The teacher saw in the &lt;strong&gt;eye&lt;/strong&gt; of the &lt;strong&gt;students&lt;/strong&gt;, that something had happened' :D&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6475" LastActivityDate="2015-12-24T13:28:42.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11477" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-24T14:15:11.207" Score="4" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can anyone explain why &quot;упалось&quot; isn't a proper form whereas &quot;сдулось&quot; is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; [+] Упало     [+] Сдуло&#xA;&#xA; [-] Упалось   [+] Сдулось&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastActivityDate="2016-01-10T21:14:06.237" Title="Упалось vs Сдулось" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11477" CreationDate="2015-12-24T14:24:50.137" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;No reason; it's a possible verb that never acquired a meaning to become an actual verb. It's just how you don't say &quot;think down&quot; or &quot;open off&quot; in English — it's not that there's something inherently wrong with the combinations, they just don't mean anything. In the case of &lt;em&gt;*упалось&lt;/em&gt;, that's not surprising considering &lt;strong&gt;упасть&lt;/strong&gt; is intransitive. A verb that doesn't take a direct object wouldn't take a reflexive particle either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-12-24T14:24:50.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11479" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-27T03:12:30.287" Score="4" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both of these adjectives seem to mean &quot;correct&quot;, but I do not understand the difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5898" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2015-12-27T11:35:23.533" LastActivityDate="2015-12-27T21:47:44.250" Title="What is the difference between &quot;правильна&quot; and &quot;правильная&quot;?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11479" CreationDate="2015-12-27T06:24:52.570" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are short and full forms of adjective respectively. Roughly speaking, short adjectives are confined to predicative (almost) exclusively, except really archaic texts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may also want to look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/9126/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B0-%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-or-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0/9127#9127&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/9178/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%B2-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-12-27T06:24:52.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11479" CreationDate="2015-12-27T06:42:41.763" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's the difference in usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The short form of an adjective  like &lt;strong&gt;правильна&lt;/strong&gt; (-льно, -лен, -льны) is limited to cases where a quality of something (usually put in nominative case) is declared directly:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эта формула правильна (English: this expression is correct).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The complete form &lt;strong&gt;правильная&lt;/strong&gt; (льное, льный, -льные) can be used in this sense, too:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эта формула - правильная.  Это правильная формула. (This is a correct&#xA;  expression.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But unlike the short form, it can also be used for any reference to something having that quality:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я нашёл правильную формулу. (I've found the correct expression.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, &lt;strong&gt;правильна&lt;/strong&gt; has a meaning close to &quot;&lt;em&gt;является &lt;strong&gt;правильной&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; correct).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2015-12-27T06:42:41.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11479" CreationDate="2015-12-27T17:18:06.097" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Правильная&quot; answers to &quot;какая?&quot;, &quot;правильна&quot; - to &quot;какова?&quot;. Basically they have the same meaning, but they are used in different cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &quot;правильная формула&quot; is &quot;the correct formula&quot;, and &quot;формула правильна&quot; is &quot;the formula is correct&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions &quot;как/каков?&quot;, &quot;какова?&quot;, &quot;каково?&quot; (don't confuse it with &quot;какого?&quot;), or, to be more exact, answers to them, are mostly used with a definite object or subject of conversations. Like when you asking &quot;how is/was the [something]&quot;?. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как порыбачили? Каков улов? - How was the fishing? How is the catch?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it is more likely to see in literature. In speaking, &quot;какой&quot; is more common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4454" LastActivityDate="2015-12-27T17:18:06.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11472" CreationDate="2015-12-27T19:43:14.300" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Может быть тут:&#xA;Как просто указать стрелку, понятно с помощью метода setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled. Как убрать логотип, понятно setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(false)&#xA;Мне кажется, тут скорее ЭТО ПОНЯТНО С ПОМОЩЬЮ. Само предложение построено немного неверно. Тут скорее подошло бы : &quot; То, как быстро указать стрелку, вам будет понятно с помощью метода ...&quot; и &quot; То, как убрать логотип, вам будет понятно&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6489" LastActivityDate="2015-12-27T19:43:14.300" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11484" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11479" CreationDate="2015-12-27T21:01:19.830" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;del&gt;There is no such word &quot;правильна&quot;.&#xA;If you read it somewhere most probably it is phonetic description of speaking non-Russian (or even Russian from some region) &quot;правильно&quot; &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;Ha! Shame on me! I'm a Russian and I feel myself like Haruka Kano in &quot;日本人の知らない日本語&quot; (I don't know English translation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Правильна&quot; - using on the end of sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Правильная формула&quot; but &quot;Формула правильна&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also: &quot;Формула правильна&quot; have categorical tone:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I insist that this formula is correct!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;No!This is correct formula!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6490" LastEditorUserId="6490" LastEditDate="2015-12-27T21:47:44.250" LastActivityDate="2015-12-27T21:47:44.250" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11472" CreationDate="2015-12-27T21:16:22.770" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Возможно несколько вариантов.  Если нужно оставить это одним предложением, то вот так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как просто указать стрелку - понятно: с помощью метода &lt;code&gt;setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled&lt;/code&gt;. Как убрать логотип - понятно: &lt;code&gt;setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(false)&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2015-12-27T21:16:22.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11472" CreationDate="2015-12-27T21:27:16.777" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эти предложения сложны и для меня, русского.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/rules/158-tire&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/rules/158-tire&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Первое предложение&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правило 168:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как просто указать стрелку понятно - с помощью метода setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Второе предложение&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правило 164:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как убрать логотип понятно - setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(false).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6490" LastActivityDate="2015-12-27T21:27:16.777" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11280" CreationDate="2015-12-27T23:34:24.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I did a little research and came to conclusion that in &lt;strong&gt;modern&lt;/strong&gt; Russian correct form is &quot;об меня&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have found 3 sentences on 25 pages of Google with &quot;о меня&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Interview with Artyom Dzyuba&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Translation of Hopscotch&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Translation of novel by Mayne Reid&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All cases can be misprints.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other found cases are evident misprints.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But: grammatically both cases are correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can find examples in ecclesiastical texts, archaic texts, I suppose that exists example in verse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6490" LastActivityDate="2015-12-27T23:34:24.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11488" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11350" CreationDate="2015-12-27T23:51:02.397" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can supplement to other questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Modern youth frequently use &quot;фан&quot; almost with the same meaning as in English and derivative verb &quot;фаниться&quot; as &quot;have fun&quot;, &quot;doing something for fun&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6490" LastActivityDate="2015-12-27T23:51:02.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11489" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11491" CreationDate="2015-12-28T21:39:10.627" Score="2" ViewCount="1223" Body="&lt;p&gt;My babushka and diedushka gave me money for Christmas, and I want to write a thank you card to them. I am pretty comfortable with Russian, but how would I start the letter? And how would I end it? Also, if I say &quot;Thanks for all the money&quot;, is that ,&quot;Спасиво за все деньги&quot; или &quot;Спасибо за всех денег&quot;? And one last thing: they recently introduced me to a new &quot; Russian buddy&quot; and I wanted to thank them for that as well. I would I say, &quot;Thank you for introducing me to Igor!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4925" LastEditorUserId="4925" LastEditDate="2015-12-28T22:09:40.653" LastActivityDate="2015-12-28T22:29:58.687" Title="Writing a Thank you card" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11489" CreationDate="2015-12-28T22:19:14.193" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just write:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Спасибо вам за деньги.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About &quot;Russian buddy&quot; Igor:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Спасибо, что познакомили меня с Игорем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2015-12-28T22:19:14.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11489" CreationDate="2015-12-28T22:19:34.490" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;you can keep it simple, start by &lt;em&gt;Дорогие дeдушка Ваня и бабушка Аня&lt;/em&gt; (substitute names though), end by &lt;em&gt;ваш внук [your name here]&lt;/em&gt;. It's better to thank them for the gift, not the money (even if they gave you the money), so you could say &lt;em&gt;спасибо за ваш щедрый подарок.&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;To thank for the introduction: &lt;em&gt;спасибо, что познакомили меня с Игорем, [он очень интересный человек]&lt;/em&gt;. Or &lt;em&gt;хочу поблагодарить вас за то, что ...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6425" LastEditorUserId="6425" LastEditDate="2015-12-28T22:29:58.687" LastActivityDate="2015-12-28T22:29:58.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11477" CreationDate="2015-12-28T23:58:26.303" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сдуть&lt;/em&gt; means to deflate[blow away (e.g. by the wind)] something or someone, so it's about performing an action aimed at some object which is different from the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сдуться&lt;/em&gt; ends with &lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt; suffix. In this case it means the subject and object are the same, literally &quot;to deflate itself/on its own&quot; (btw, nothing can be blown away on its own, so in this context it would sound weird to me), without any action from outside. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few more examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;мыть -&gt; мыть&lt;strong&gt;ся&lt;/strong&gt; (== мыть &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt;еб&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вешать -&gt; вешать&lt;strong&gt;ся&lt;/strong&gt; (== вешать &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt;еб&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;strong&gt;ся&lt;/strong&gt; can also implicitly indicate the passive voice:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;варить (to boil) -&gt; варить&lt;strong&gt;ся&lt;/strong&gt; (== to be boiled)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When something falls (упасть only indicates the fact of falling, with no reference to the reason), there is no external object or force that causes the action, so such form (упасться/упалось), which would show the &quot;isolation&quot; of the action, makes no sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1736" LastActivityDate="2015-12-28T23:58:26.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11493" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11497" CreationDate="2015-12-29T10:58:07.000" Score="3" ViewCount="243" Body="&lt;p&gt;Привет всем!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня вопрос. Верно ли, что я могу использовать глаголы &lt;strong&gt;выгуливать / выгулять&lt;/strong&gt; только по отношению к животным, но не к людям?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Я выгуливаю свою/мою собаку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Я хотел бы выгулять с тобой сейчас. (с другом)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Благодарю вас!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6381" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-12-29T13:20:48.723" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T20:26:11.540" Title="Выгуливать / выгулять - только про животных?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11494" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-29T11:10:05.510" Score="14" ViewCount="10998" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both words translate as &lt;em&gt;here&lt;/em&gt;, but in which context should I use one over the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a question about it on the Q&amp;amp;A of &lt;a href=&quot;http://ask.masterrussian.com/244/whats-the-difference-between-%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C-and-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82-here&quot;&gt;masterrussian.com&lt;/a&gt; that already gives me a rough understanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, I should use &lt;em&gt;вот&lt;/em&gt; when pointing at something and &lt;em&gt;здесь&lt;/em&gt; when referring to where I am at the moment of speaking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the examples given there though confuse me a bit as there's no context given&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот зонтик. = Here's the umbrella.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Зонтик здесь. = The umbrella is here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess that in the former example a person is either passing on the umbrella or pointing at the umbrella, whereas in the latter example the person is just standing next to the umbrella (or maybe holding it in their hands) but is not pointing at it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is my understanding of this example correct?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I kinda believe that it is important whether or not the person I'm talking to can see me and knows exactly where.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Suppose I am in the same room with the other person. Could I also use вот when just referring to my exact location? That is, would вот also cover the case where I'm just holding the umbrella or where I'm standing next to it, but without pointing at it? Like I would virtually point at myself.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Suppose I am on the phone. Am I right when I assume that only ever здесь is valid in that case as there's no way of pointing at something or, in case my previous assumption was correct, letting the other one know my very exact location as opposed to my approximate location like a city, a building or a room (unless I send him my GPS coordinates, of course)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="109" LastActivityDate="2020-06-11T05:28:58.537" Title="What's the difference between &quot;вот&quot; and &quot;здесь&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11493" CreationDate="2015-12-29T11:24:02.590" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Выгулять&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;to take smbd./smth. for a walk&amp;quot;. This means you think that aforementioned somebody or something needs a walk, and decide where to go with them and what to do there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You don't say that of mature people, at least those you respect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you mentioned in the question, this is indeed normally used when speaking of animals. You can say &lt;em&gt;я выгулял детей&lt;/em&gt; if you are talking about really little kids. Phrases like &lt;em&gt;выгуливать девушку&lt;/em&gt; are also used but they sound kinda machist. One might say &lt;em&gt;выгулять заключённых&lt;/em&gt; of taking prisoners for their daily walk in the yard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;em&gt;выгулять&lt;/em&gt; is a transitive verb, it requires an object in accusative. &lt;em&gt;Я хотел бы выгулять&lt;/em&gt; is ungrammatical by itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are going to have a walk with your friend on mutual consent, you use &lt;em&gt;гулять / погулять&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So that would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я выгуливаю свою собаку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я хотел бы погулять с тобой (&lt;em&gt;другом&lt;/em&gt;) сейчас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T20:26:11.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11493" CreationDate="2015-12-29T11:30:47.610" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я хотел бы выгулять с тобой сейчас = I would like to take [the dog] for a&#xA;  walk together with you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means you want to take the dog mentioned (possibly) before and omitted in this sentence for a walk and do it together with your friend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T11:30:47.610" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11493" CreationDate="2015-12-29T11:32:58.030" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;выгуливать/выгулять&lt;/code&gt; to humans may be used in a humorous/ironic conversation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Что-то ты давненько меня не выгуливал, давай сходим куда-нибудь?&#xA;(A girl asks her boyfriend to go to the cafe, for example)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In ordinary speech is used &lt;code&gt;гулять/погулять/прогуляться&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Мы ходили гулять в парк.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Мне предложили погулять по берегу.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Я собираюсь прогуляться до магазина, тебе купить что-нибудь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T11:32:58.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11494" CreationDate="2015-12-29T11:45:13.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здесь и вот are often synonymous, however not always. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;would вот also cover the case where I'm just holding the umbrella or&#xA;  where I'm standing next to it, but without pointing at it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, you can. If someone was looking for an umbrella, and you are pointing it out: here it is, then you say &lt;em&gt;вот зонтик.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, on the other hand, the inquiry was about the list of items in the room, as in what do you see? question, Then you say &lt;em&gt;здесь зонтик&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If someone is on the phone, and asks you where is that umbrella, then you say &lt;em&gt;зонтик здесь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In reply to your comment, Em1:&#xA;The approximate rule of thumb is: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;здесь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; identifies spacial location, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;вот&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; identifies an object within a set of other objects. &#xA;If you show me picture of a street where you live, and point to your house you'd &lt;em&gt;say вот мой дом&lt;/em&gt;, meaning it's THIS house and not that house. If it's the only house on the photo, you can still use &lt;em&gt;вот&lt;/em&gt; (или &lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;). If you want to emphasize the surrounding - the neighborhood or the scenery, then you'd say зедесь мой дом, meaning that &lt;em&gt;this is [the wonderful place in the world] where my house is&lt;/em&gt;. &#xA;Again, there are many instances when &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;здесь и вот&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be used interchangeably. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6425" LastEditorUserId="6425" LastEditDate="2015-12-29T17:28:24.677" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T17:28:24.677" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11494" CreationDate="2015-12-29T11:47:28.820" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вот&quot; does not mean &quot;here&quot; in the meaning of place. Never! You cannot say &quot;Зонтик вот&quot; meaning &quot;the umbrella is here&quot;. You use it only pointing on something (Вот зонтик) or showing something (even yourself - Вот он я = here I am)  or giving something to somebody. &#xA;So your understanding is correct.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also &quot;вон&quot; with almost the same meaning as вот but the difference is that вон is considered to be further than вот.  Вот зонтик (here, right next to me), а вон пальто (over there). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A synonym of &quot;здесь&quot; is &quot;тут&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2015-12-29T11:52:39.970" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T11:52:39.970" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11494" CreationDate="2015-12-29T13:14:17.497" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your understanding is quite correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вот&lt;/em&gt; is a kind of &lt;em&gt;thing-pointer&lt;/em&gt; &quot;here&quot;, which is only appliable for seeable objects (I mean &quot;seeable&quot; in a broad sense; for example, &lt;em&gt;Вот оно что&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;Now I see / understand&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Здесь&lt;/em&gt; is rather a &lt;em&gt;place-pointer&lt;/em&gt; &quot;here&quot;, so if, say, talking to someone who's looking for you but can't see you, you may shout &lt;em&gt;Эй, я здесь!&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Hey, I'm here!&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тут&lt;/em&gt; is mostly the same things as &lt;em&gt;Здесь&lt;/em&gt;. (BTW. Consider this brilliant saying: &lt;em&gt;Здесь вам не тут!&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T13:14:17.497" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11445" CreationDate="2015-12-29T17:22:27.540" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just adding to the excellent answer by Dmitry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In military commands the second to last syllable most often is artificially prolonged, in order to give time to recognize the command and prepare for action. While the last syllable is not only given the additional stress, it must differ in intonation - basically, become a short shout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All this makes military commands a rather bad suited example for language study.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6494" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T17:22:27.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11502" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11494" CreationDate="2015-12-29T22:48:31.310" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Здесь&lt;/em&gt; is strictly about location, which generally coincides with the location of the speaker, meaning &quot;right here, where I am (we are) at the moment&quot;. &lt;em&gt;Вот&lt;/em&gt; is more about existence (or coming into existence). You can use either, depending on the intent, in both your examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, in your second example, somebody might tell you over the phone:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я потерял зонтик, не знаешь, где он?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with the implication that the umbrella might have been lost forever. You happen to see the umbrella in the room with you and say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот он.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он здесь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;meaning &quot;You think you may have lost your umbrella but I found it, it is here with me&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in a different situation, you have been long waiting for a train and suddenly see it in the distance. You can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот поезд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which would mean that the train has appeared, but not &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Поезд здесь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter is only applicable when the train actually arrives at your station.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2015-12-29T22:48:31.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11472" CreationDate="2015-12-30T05:45:43.723" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Из-за нескольких значений слова &quot;понятно&quot;, по-русски фразы звучат довольно коряво. Лучше заменить синонимами, а какими зависит от вкладываемого вами смысла:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как просто указать стрелку? Конечно же с помощью метода...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Как убрать стрелку? Конечно же - ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Как просто указать стрелку можно понять с помощью метода...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Как убрать стрелку видно из...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T05:45:43.723" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11504" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-30T09:21:25.003" Score="1" ViewCount="50" Body="&lt;p&gt;I m studying numbers and I got this sentence Этому городу триста лет. so why the subject (this city) is in dative case? &#xA;can u help me? &#xA;thanks in advance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6497" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T09:21:25.003" Title="why dative case in this sentence?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2015-12-30T12:31:11.840" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11505" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2015-12-30T09:40:33.147" Score="5" ViewCount="353" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm studying numbers and I found this example:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;На стадионе &lt;em&gt;собралось&lt;/em&gt; пятьдесят тысяч человек.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The subject is genitive plural, if I'm not wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is the verb in past singular?  Is it like English &lt;em&gt;people&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6497" LastEditorUserId="5897" LastEditDate="2016-01-28T17:36:48.773" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T17:24:33.913" Title="why the verb is singular in this sentence?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11506" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11510" CreationDate="2015-12-30T15:21:17.380" Score="5" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found the following sentence in which один occurs in a plural form and in conjunction with a plural noun. I had to deduce that it is being used in a non-numerical way, perhaps with a meaning like &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;От них у меня &lt;strong&gt;одни&lt;/strong&gt; неприятности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being the case, is this considered an adverb or a particle? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, is it on the level of &lt;strong&gt;только&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;всего&lt;/strong&gt;, and if so, does it bear the same sentential stress that these words would in a similar sentence? Or does it bear a secondary stress like a number would?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-31T09:08:56.307" LastActivityDate="2015-12-31T09:08:56.307" Title="Non-numerical use of &quot;один&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11507" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11511" CreationDate="2015-12-30T15:25:24.913" Score="4" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a story, I came across the exclamation: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И вот &lt;strong&gt;он я&lt;/strong&gt; - живой и здоровый!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was this a typo, or is it in actual use and what does it mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-31T09:09:33.413" LastActivityDate="2015-12-31T09:09:33.413" Title="Convergence of the pronouns &quot;он&quot; and &quot;я&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11508" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11505" CreationDate="2015-12-30T15:39:58.293" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct - &lt;strong&gt;человек&lt;/strong&gt; is actually the genitive plural form of &lt;strong&gt;человек&lt;/strong&gt;. Alternatively &lt;strong&gt;людей&lt;/strong&gt; is used as the genitive plural of the same word. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb is in the neuter past tense because plurality can be seen as a neuter &lt;em&gt;collective&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;whole&lt;/strong&gt; in conjuncion with numbers and numerical expressions like &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;many&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;большинство&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;most&lt;/em&gt;, and your number above -OR- as an animate &lt;em&gt;plural&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;group&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Большинство людей не &lt;strong&gt;знает&lt;/strong&gt; (singluar verb referring to большинство)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(A plurality of people does not know)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-or- &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Большинство людей не &lt;strong&gt;знают&lt;/strong&gt; (plural verb referring to людей)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Many people do not know)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a non-native, I respectfully defer to the natives to elaborate on my answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update from natives:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer is great. The singular form is used because it relates to a &quot;multitude&quot; as a whole, or, to give you more precise feeling, to a mathematical meaning of &quot;set&quot;. So, the phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На стадионе собралось пятьдесят тысяч человек&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;could be literally translated as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On a stadium there has gathered a set of fifty thousand people&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;fifty thousand people&quot; is used here as a noun when &quot;a set of&quot; is omitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make your feeling even more precise look at the English word &quot;dozen&quot;. It means 12, but is a noun. It is the very same case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On a stadium there has gathered a dozen OF people&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Genitive relates to (literally): &quot;[Fifty OF thousands] OF people&quot; because &quot;a thousand&quot; and &quot;a person&quot; are nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="5617" LastEditDate="2016-06-30T17:24:33.913" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T17:24:33.913" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11507" CreationDate="2015-12-30T16:11:08.827" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вот он я&quot; is a fixed grammatical construction which means &quot;look, here I am&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A female person would say &quot;вот она я&quot; and a group of people — &quot;Вот они мы&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also answers to this question: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/11494/whats-the-difference-between-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82-and-%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C&quot;&gt;What's the difference between “вот” and “здесь”?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2015-12-31T01:59:56.267" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11506" CreationDate="2015-12-30T17:24:08.287" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here &lt;em&gt;Одни&lt;/em&gt; is used as an adjective with the meaning close to &quot;&lt;em&gt;Nothing but&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, so it's in plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;is it on the level of только or всего&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Всего&lt;/em&gt; means rather a different thing. &lt;em&gt;Только&lt;/em&gt; is certainly OK, but &lt;em&gt;Одни&lt;/em&gt; sounds a bit stronger. I guess, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Nothing but&lt;/em&gt;&quot; vs &quot;&lt;em&gt;Only&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is a decently good analogy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T17:24:08.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11507" CreationDate="2015-12-30T17:32:06.650" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like Alex S said, &lt;strong&gt;вот он я&lt;/strong&gt; is a fixed construction, and you're not likely to find the two pronouns in a row anywhere else. It sounds colloquial and kind of jovial — your example is very typical of its use — but curiously, the &lt;strong&gt;он&lt;/strong&gt; seems to also be semi-mandatory. You can't just say &lt;strong&gt;вот я&lt;/strong&gt; except in specific situations: when you're calling out to someone who can't seem to locate you (&quot;I'm &lt;em&gt;here&lt;/em&gt;!&quot;), or you're pointing to an effigy of yourself — as in a photo (&quot;that's me there&quot;), or if you're explaining/reenacting something using objects (&quot;so suppose this [pencil] is me and this [eraser] is the car, and it whizzed past me just liiiike this&quot;: &lt;em&gt;вот я, вот машина, и та-а-а-к вот она мимо меня пронеслась&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;strong&gt;Вот он я&lt;/strong&gt;, on the other hand, is always about your literal physical self in the here-and-now, and the message it conveys is that you're present at all, not where exactly you are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Disregard the part in my original answer about emphasis on &lt;em&gt;вот&lt;/em&gt; vs. emphasis on &lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt;. Didn't think of enough examples. It's not really a factor.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T17:32:06.650" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11507" CreationDate="2015-12-30T20:50:58.593" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;вот он&lt;/em&gt; is a clitic (a word which does not have an accent on its own). Phonetically, &lt;em&gt;вот он&lt;/em&gt; is a single word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since Russian normally omits copula in a sentence, &lt;em&gt;вот он&lt;/em&gt; is perceived as a deictic adverb on its own, with a meaning slightly different from a mere &lt;em&gt;вот&lt;/em&gt;, as noted in the answers above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other phrases in vernacular Russian similar in origin: &lt;em&gt;вот так вот, вот это вот, как же ж так&lt;/em&gt; etc, produced by adding a particle or an adverb to a (seemingly) one word which already had it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Zaliznyak mentions there was a period in old Russian when the reflexive pronoun &lt;em&gt;ся&lt;/em&gt;, which was on its way from an unbound morpheme to the postfix it is now, was used &lt;em&gt;twice&lt;/em&gt; with the reflexive verbs: &lt;em&gt;мнѣ сѧ не можетсѧ, а то сь диѧлось&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2015-12-30T20:50:58.593" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11513" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11514" CreationDate="2015-12-31T04:51:44.760" Score="1" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that essentially &lt;strong&gt;переделывать/переделать&lt;/strong&gt; means to redo something, or even convert something into something else, yet more and more in conversation I hear it used as if it were an alternate perfective form of simple делать. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, a friend on Skype said: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дело в том, что я пытаюсь тут кое-какие дела переделать перед тем, как&#xA;  уедем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I took this to mean that he is trying to &lt;strong&gt;get some things done&lt;/strong&gt; before leaving town. Is this accurate? Or is there another meaning I'm not sussing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2015-12-31T09:09:10.343" LastActivityDate="2015-12-31T09:09:10.343" Title="Meaning of &quot;переделать&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11513" CreationDate="2015-12-31T07:34:19.667" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, that's (almost) right. &lt;em&gt;Переделать&lt;/em&gt; (or even &lt;em&gt;Попеределать&lt;/em&gt;) is a colloquial way of saying &lt;strong&gt;to get all (or many) things done&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/925862&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Переделать - это...&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note also usage of &quot;&lt;em&gt;пытаюсь&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;кое-какие&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. This means &quot;&lt;em&gt;I'm trying / struggling to&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;some / I'm not going to give you any more details&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's the whole thing really means &quot;&lt;em&gt;I've got some problems, but you shouldn't take that into account&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD. Well, that explanation probably gives little compared to just &quot;&lt;em&gt;I'm trying to&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;some business&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, but it's a hint of how to crack seemingly awkward construction &lt;em&gt;some many things&lt;/em&gt; (i.e. some = irrelevant for you; many = worse than I expect).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2015-12-31T08:02:19.143" LastActivityDate="2015-12-31T08:02:19.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11516" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11520" CreationDate="2016-01-01T08:16:56.763" Score="4" ViewCount="484" Body="&lt;p&gt;I`m a newbie and I`m studying the rules for possession. As I have got the &lt;code&gt;у&lt;/code&gt; preposition calls, the personal pronoun in genitive, but then the noun in nominative. Ex. &lt;em&gt;У меня есть книга&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But why in this sentence &lt;em&gt;друг&lt;/em&gt; is in genitive plural?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Анастасия изучает литературу в университете в Москве, у нее там много друзей;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you help me? Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt;: the two phrases upon here are in my textbook, I did not made them up. I`m just trying to figure out why in the first with &lt;code&gt;у + genitive + nominative&lt;/code&gt; and the in the second &lt;code&gt;у + genitive + genitive&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit 2&lt;/strong&gt;: just found this other sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня новый русско-итальянский словарь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so nominative case after genitive personal pronouns. I`m so confused right now. First a nominative with &lt;em&gt;книга&lt;/em&gt;, then a genitive with &lt;em&gt;друзей&lt;/em&gt; and then a nominative again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6497" LastEditorUserId="7547" LastEditDate="2016-07-17T20:45:51.917" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T20:45:51.917" Title="why друг is in genitive case in this sentence?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11517" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11519" CreationDate="2016-01-01T08:19:29.107" Score="4" ViewCount="242" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apologies if this question is not within the recognized scope of this forum.&#xA;I am wondering what the below might be. Some kind of clock?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://s23.postimg.org/62yb44j6j/what_is_it.png&quot; alt=&quot;what is it?&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT - Sorry for not giving more information. It was on the wall in a room of a formerly KGB-run hospital in Kiev. As it is not readily recognizable, I guess it may have some medical purpose.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The frame is from the highly recommended documentary 'The English Surgeon'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6501" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-03-10T09:42:49.400" LastActivityDate="2016-01-03T12:04:16.757" Title="Requesting translation for clock-like image" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11516" CreationDate="2016-01-01T08:43:15.190" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Think of it like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What&lt;/strong&gt; do I have? --&gt; У меня есть &lt;strong&gt;книги&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;How many&lt;/strong&gt; books do I have? --&gt; У меня есть &lt;strong&gt;много книг&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is here the Genitive case is mostly about the quantity, not just possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD. On the matter &lt;strong&gt;У меня [есть] что-то&lt;/strong&gt; vs. &lt;strong&gt;Я имею что-то&lt;/strong&gt;, the former is more preferable way to express possessive in Russian. Technically it's something like &quot;The thing is near to me&quot; (which is why Genitive is used), but you've got just to remember this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-01-02T10:35:13.967" LastActivityDate="2016-01-02T10:35:13.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11517" CreationDate="2016-01-01T10:37:07.500" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian alphabet goes А&lt;strong&gt;Б&lt;/strong&gt;В&lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt;ДЕЁЖЗИЙ&lt;strong&gt;КЛ&lt;/strong&gt;М&lt;strong&gt;НОПРСТ&lt;/strong&gt;У&lt;strong&gt;ФХ&lt;/strong&gt;ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯ, so you can see that it's a selection of the letters arranged in alphabetical order, starting from Б on top and going clockwise. Why these particular twelve letters is anyone's guess. They don't correlate in any obvious way to numbers on a clock. If it's some kind of a combination lock or code dial, it might have parts missing. Also it might just turn out to be a faux-Russian prop from some foreign movie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-01-01T10:37:07.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11516" CreationDate="2016-01-01T23:10:01.187" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I learned it like this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if things are countable than you take genetiv plural&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;if not countable than genetiv singular&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So because the friends are countable you have to use the genitiv plural case here. Hope that helps you too!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6381" LastActivityDate="2016-01-01T23:10:01.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11516" CreationDate="2016-01-02T20:55:21.693" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Word &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; and any other word meaning quantity need an object in the genitive case. Your examples can be expanded:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня есть книга. Nominative&lt;br&gt;&#xA;У меня [есть] &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; книг. Genitive&lt;br&gt;&#xA;У меня &lt;strong&gt;три&lt;/strong&gt; книги. Genitive&lt;br&gt;&#xA;У меня есть друг. Nomenative&lt;br&gt;&#xA;У меня [есть] &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; друзей. Genitive&lt;br&gt;&#xA;У меня [есть] &lt;strong&gt;куча&lt;/strong&gt; друзей. Genitive&lt;br&gt;&#xA;У меня [есть] новый русско-итальянский словарь. Nominative&lt;br&gt;&#xA;У меня [есть] &lt;strong&gt;два&lt;/strong&gt; русско-итальянских словаря. Genitive&lt;br&gt;&#xA;У меня [есть] &lt;strong&gt;несколько&lt;/strong&gt; русско-итальянских словарей. Genitive  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6481" LastActivityDate="2016-01-02T20:55:21.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11522" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-03T08:33:24.203" Score="8" ViewCount="1284" Body="&lt;p&gt;I encountered this phrase: &quot;Много людей в Европе и Америке знает о Петербурге.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The subject is intuitively plural, so I expected &quot;знают&quot; - &quot;Много людей знают...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When are singular verbs used in Russian for a plural subject?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6507" LastEditorUserId="6507" LastEditDate="2016-01-03T10:41:47.320" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T12:44:21.827" Title="Много людей (знает/знают)" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11516" CreationDate="2016-01-03T10:19:05.783" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;To have  __&quot; is &quot;У меня/тебя/нас/них  __&quot;, with the blank in nominative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To fill in the blank you can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) &quot;У меня друг.&quot; I have a friend - emphasis on friend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &quot;У меня есть новый словарь.&quot; I &lt;strong&gt;do&lt;/strong&gt; have a new dictionary - emphasis on &quot;&lt;strong&gt;do&lt;/strong&gt; have&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) &quot;У меня много друзей.&quot; I have many friends - emphasis on plural (&quot;many&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Много always takes genitive.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6507" LastEditorUserId="6507" LastEditDate="2016-01-03T10:36:49.360" LastActivityDate="2016-01-03T10:36:49.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11524" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11522" CreationDate="2016-01-03T14:52:42.480" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The subject here is &lt;em&gt;много&lt;/em&gt; and it is singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6508" LastActivityDate="2016-01-03T14:52:42.480" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11522" CreationDate="2016-01-03T20:36:26.820" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sorry for a long quote in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal, 184:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В рассматриваемой конструкции (&lt;em&gt;Q: сказуемое при счётном обороте&lt;/em&gt;) сказуемое может иметь как форму единственного, так и форму множественного числа. Ср.: &lt;em&gt;Вошло семь человек погони... (Лесков). – Наутро пятьдесят семь выходцев подали заявления с просьбой принять в колхоз (Шолохов).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На выбор формы числа, помимо указанных выше условий согласования сказуемого с подлежащим – собирательным существительным, влияет также ряд других условий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Форма единственного числа сказуемого указывает на совместное действие, форма множественного числа – на раздельное совершение действия. Ср.: &lt;em&gt;Пять солдат отправилось в разведку (группой). – Пять солдат отправились в разведку (каждый с самостоятельным заданием); К началу экзамена явилось десять студентов. – Десять студентов окончили институт с отличием.&lt;/em&gt; Ср. также различное согласование однородных сказуемых в одном и том же предложении: &lt;em&gt;Человек полтораста солдат высыпало из лесу и с криком устремились на вал (Пушкин)&lt;/em&gt; (в первом случае характеризуется совместность действия, во втором – раздельность).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Форма единственного числа сказуемого указывает на совокупность предметов, форма множественного числа – на отдельные предметы. Ср.: &lt;em&gt;В городе строится пять объектов соцкультбыта (единое нерасчлененное представление о действии). – В крупнейших городах страны строятся еще пять объектов соцкультбыта (расчлененное представление о действии).&lt;/em&gt; Ср. также: &lt;em&gt;В крендельной работало двадцать шесть человек... (Горький). – Восемь самолетов полка взлетали попарно, соблюдая очередь (Н. Чуковский).&lt;/em&gt; Поэтому при подлежащем, обозначающем большое число предметов и воспринимаемом как одно целое, сказуемое обычно ставится в единственном числе, например: &lt;em&gt;В столовой в одну смену сидело сто человек (Макаренко); Прибыло шестьсот студентов-путейцев (Н. Островский).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Форма единственного числа сказуемого употребляется при обозначении меры веса, пространства, времени и т.д., так как в этом случае имеется в виду единое целое, например: &lt;em&gt;На покраску крыши ушло двадцать килограммов олифы; До конца пути оставалось пятнадцать километров; На выполнение всей работы понадобится шесть месяцев.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Сказуемые-глаголы (обычно со значением протекания времени) ставятся в единственном числе, если в составе количественно-именного сочетания (обычно оборота) имеются слова &lt;em&gt;лет, месяцев, дней, часов&lt;/em&gt; и т.д., например: &lt;em&gt;Прошло сто лет (Пушкин); Однако уже, кажется, одиннадцать часов пробило (Тургенев); Вот два года моей жизни вычеркнуто (Горький).&lt;/em&gt; Но при другом лексическом значении глагола возможна форма множественного числа сказуемого, например: &lt;em&gt;Десять секунд показались мне за целый час (Л. Толстой).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a nutshell: plural and singular can both be used, unless it's a special case (measures of length, weight, intervals of time etc. govern singural) or a nuance in meaning you want to stress (whether the subject is perceived as a group as a whole or many separate entities).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This discrepancy is a remnant of Old Russian, which used an adjective in neuter plural instead of an adverb in constructs like that (compare &lt;em&gt;многая лета; святая святых; вся суть; прочая, прочая, прочая&lt;/em&gt; etc), and this adjective used to be the subject in the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This form coinsides with the feminine singular, and, since the gender and the number of the subject governs the verb, both plural and singular forms of the verb were perceived as acceptable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-01-03T20:36:26.820" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11522" CreationDate="2016-01-04T12:33:34.187" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The choice between these two verb forms depends on the topic parsing. Notice that in Russian syntax the first word/phrase is [usually] a topic with the subsequent words being hierachially structured commentaries. This means &lt;em&gt;людей&lt;/em&gt; is a genitive attribute to &lt;em&gt;много&lt;/em&gt; (cf. with phrases like &lt;em&gt;много людей - это хорошо&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the topic can be positioned at the end of a phrase (not being a grammatical subject, as in the examples below).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. to my Russian ear the most natural parcing here wourd be [&lt;em&gt;много]людей&lt;/em&gt;], not [&lt;em&gt;много людей&lt;/em&gt;], hence, the subject is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;много&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and it takes a singular verb form, just like in any impersonal phrase, cf.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Было мало/много времени&lt;/em&gt; (the topic is &lt;em&gt;время&lt;/em&gt; and the subject is 'zero', or impersonal)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Было&lt;/em&gt; (not &lt;em&gt;были) много/мало дел.&lt;/em&gt; (the topic is &lt;em&gt;дела&lt;/em&gt; and the subject is 'zero', or impersonal)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ожидается&lt;/em&gt; (not &lt;em&gt;ожидаются) много осадков.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2016-01-04T12:44:21.827" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T12:44:21.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11516" CreationDate="2016-01-04T12:42:08.690" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The number of cases in modern Russian is disputable (some researchers say that there are over 20 of them), but the thing is that a meaning of Genitive is not  unified. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, when you use it in phrases like &lt;em&gt;I have&lt;/em&gt;, than it is a Genitive-with-a-preposition (and this is the case to be used with the majority of Russian prepositions).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you count things (and Slavic counting can be quite a drama to beginners :-) ) you use it as a Genitive-For-Quantifucation (e.g. when counting animate/inanimate objects up to four items, or sayning that there many/much/little/some/few objects, or making phrases like 'a glass of vodka', where of+noun stands for a Russian noun in Genitive).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T12:42:08.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11528" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11529" CreationDate="2016-01-04T18:26:10.300" Score="2" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;Example: У него борода, усы и очки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it be wrong to write: &quot;У него борода, усы и в очках&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which one is most correct? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6516" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T23:16:09.483" Title="Кто-то в очках?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11528" CreationDate="2016-01-04T19:00:52.397" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У него борода, усы и очки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У него борода, усы и в очках&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But also you can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У него борода, усы, и он в очках&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How to remember: if you say &lt;code&gt;he has ...&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;У него [есть] ...&lt;/code&gt;), use nominative case - &lt;code&gt;очки&lt;/code&gt;. If you say &lt;code&gt;he wears ...&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Он в ...&lt;/code&gt;), use prepositional case - &lt;code&gt;очках&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastEditorUserId="4481" LastEditDate="2016-01-04T23:16:09.483" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T23:16:09.483" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11528" CreationDate="2016-01-04T20:31:21.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;One has ... (У кого-то [есть] ...) requires a nominative (not accusative).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;в очках&lt;/em&gt; here requires some more words. This wouldn't make the phrase more canonical, but at least it would not be so strange to a Russian ear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, it would be also OK to say &lt;em&gt;У него борода, усы и лицо/глаза/взгляд/(сам)он в очках.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T20:31:21.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11531" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-04T21:59:00.893" Score="11" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading a short story from Chekhov called &quot;Который из трех?&quot; when I came across a hyphenated suffix &lt;strong&gt;-с&lt;/strong&gt; attached to certain words. Here are a few examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И при такой самой природе как приятно, знаете &lt;strong&gt;ли-с&lt;/strong&gt;, любить такую&#xA;  приятную особу, как вы... Но я несчастлив!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Очень &lt;strong&gt;несчастлив-с&lt;/strong&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ни... &lt;strong&gt;ничего-с&lt;/strong&gt;! Я хотел, собственно говоря, вас побеспокоить...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find what it means. I even looked through my reference grammar book, but to no avail. I reckon it's either an archaic grammar (the story was published in 1882) or some very obscure one. I would like to know what it means, when is it used and to what sort of words can it be attached?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6520" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T12:00:29.910" Title="The meaning and usage of hyphenated suffix -с" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11532" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11538" CreationDate="2016-01-04T22:05:29.467" Score="3" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to develop an argument about Russian-English translations of figurative language. I've been looking at cases where people talk about capturing an animal versus capturing someone's attention. Here are two example sentences in English, found online.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;When Ruth Harkness, a New York fashion designer, became the first foreigner to &lt;strong&gt;capture&lt;/strong&gt; a live &lt;strong&gt;panda&lt;/strong&gt; eight years later, she named it Su Lin, meaning “a little bit of something cute”.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Last week, Hungarian artist Dandolf &lt;strong&gt;captured&lt;/strong&gt; the world's &lt;strong&gt;attention&lt;/strong&gt; when he released an appallingly cute (and strangely hard) puzzle, featuring a hidden panda.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that пленить is mostly used in the figurative sense and using it to mean capture is deemed obsolete in many dictionaries. But захватить doesn't seem to be used with reference to animate objects besides prisoners and hostages. I've also found a couple of examples where пленить is used to mean capture an animal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В далекой Африке фермеры &lt;strong&gt;пленили&lt;/strong&gt; российскую краснокнижную &lt;strong&gt;птицу скопу&lt;/strong&gt;, окольцованную в 2013 году в Дарвиновском государственном биосферном заповеднике, который находится на границе Вологодской и Ярославской областей.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My questions are: (1) can пленить still be used to mean to physically capture an animal, (2) can захватать be used to mean to physically capture an animal, (3) is one of these better than the other, (4) is there some other word that's even better, and (5) does the following translation sound okay or weird:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На прошлой неделе, венгерский художник Dandolf пленил внимание всего мира, когда он выпустил ужасающе мила (и странно трудная) головоломка, показывая скрытую панду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance for any advice!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6521" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T07:42:07.473" Title="Is пленить or захватить a better equivalent of English &quot;capture&quot; when referring to animals?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11531" CreationDate="2016-01-04T22:08:19.663" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это &lt;strong&gt;словое́рс&lt;/strong&gt; (тж. словое́р, словое́рик) — название частицы -с (написание по старой орфографии — -съ), прибавляемой в русском языке к концу слов в определённых ситуациях: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2016-01-05T12:00:29.910" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T12:00:29.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11532" CreationDate="2016-01-04T22:50:10.580" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is possible to use &quot;пленить&quot; when speaking of people (though it's more typical to say &quot;взять в плен&quot; or &quot;захватить&quot;), but that word is almost never applied to animals (poetic texts might be a rare exception). So, in your example (&quot;пленили скопу&quot;) it sounds unnatural (too human). When it comes to animals, they say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;поймать&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;выловить&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;отловить&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (formal); &quot;похитить&quot; in case of illegal action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T22:50:10.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11531" CreationDate="2016-01-04T23:26:57.763" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shortened from &lt;strong&gt;сударь&lt;/strong&gt; over the course of centuries, it's basically used to add a respectful tone to the conversation. It went entirely out of use after the revolution, and its meaning has to be learned by present-day Russians — by default, it just registers as &quot;something people always say in 19th-century books for some reason&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-01-04T23:26:57.763" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11537" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11532" CreationDate="2016-01-05T07:35:17.860" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;пленить&quot; could be used in meaning &quot;to capture&quot; in figurative language, but it have to be &lt;strong&gt;very&lt;/strong&gt; figurative language. Your examples look like normal, neutral speech. As for me, this word looks outdated, and it is used rarely now. The best use of it, I think, is in telling a love story, something like &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Её красота пленила его.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When speaking about people, it is better to use &quot;похищать&quot; (to kidnap) or (on the war) &quot;взять (брать) в плен&quot; (first example I found on a news site):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вместе с тем он обращает внимание на то, что ИГИЛ брало в плен и христиан и мусульман — шиитов и суннитов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Поймать&quot; is for &quot;capture an animal&quot;, and &quot;завладеть&quot; or &quot;привлечь&quot; is for attention. Your first example I would change to the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В далекой Африке фермеры поймали российскую краснокнижную птицу скопу, окольцованную в 2013 году в Дарвиновском государственном биосферном заповеднике, который находится на границе Вологодской и Ярославской областей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Also I would use &quot;занесенный в Красную Книгу&quot; instead of &quot;краснокнижный&quot;)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If you want to speak about capturing a lot of animals during the long time, you can say &quot;отловить&quot; about animals and &quot;выловить&quot; about fish:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сбежавших из зоопарка животных удалось отловить только через неделю.&#xA;  В прошлом году браконьеры выловили 500 тонн рыбы.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your second example looks weird (and has a lot of errors). I would say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На прошлой неделе венгерский художник Dandolf привлёк внимание всего мира, когда выпустил очаровательную (и неожиданно трудную) головоломку, изображающую скрытую панду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastEditorUserId="4481" LastEditDate="2016-01-05T07:42:07.473" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T07:42:07.473" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11532" CreationDate="2016-01-05T07:36:10.147" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) can пленить still be used to mean to physically capture an animal -- &lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) can захватать be used to mean to physically capture an animal (I guess you really mean &lt;em&gt;захватить&lt;/em&gt;) -- &lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) is one of these better than the other -- &lt;strong&gt;Neither one is good when speaking of animals&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) is there some other word that's even better -- Certainly, &lt;strong&gt;поймать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) does the following translation sound okay or weird -- &lt;strong&gt;Absolutely awful&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should be something like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На прошлой неделе венгерский художник Дандольф &lt;strong&gt;привлёк&lt;/strong&gt; внимание всего мира, выпустив &lt;strong&gt;потрясающе&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;увлекательную&lt;/strong&gt; (и &lt;strong&gt;необычайно&lt;/strong&gt; трудную) головоломку со &lt;strong&gt;спрятанной&lt;/strong&gt; пандой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T07:36:10.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11531" CreationDate="2016-01-05T07:57:33.627" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just a side note. In &quot;Eugene Onegin&quot; Onegin's neighbours think him as being very impolite person for (besides other things) his constantly omitting suffix &quot;-s&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Сосед наш неуч, сумасбродит,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Он фармазон; он пьет одно&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Стаканом красное вино;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Он дамам к ручке не подходит;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Все &lt;strong&gt;да&lt;/strong&gt; да &lt;strong&gt;нет&lt;/strong&gt;; не скажет &lt;strong&gt;да-с&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Иль &lt;strong&gt;нет-с&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. Таков был общий глас.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А.С. Пушкин &quot;Евгений Онегин&quot;, II, V&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Our neighbor is a boor; acts like a crackbrain;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  he's a Freemason; he&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  drinks only red wine, by the tumbler;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  he won't go up to kiss a lady's hand;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  'tis all '&lt;strong&gt;yes,&lt;/strong&gt;' '&lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt;' - he'll not say '&lt;strong&gt;yes, sir,&lt;/strong&gt;'&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  or '&lt;strong&gt;no, sir.&lt;/strong&gt;' &quot; This was the general voice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Translated by E. Nabokov&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T07:57:33.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11540" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11544" CreationDate="2016-01-05T12:42:18.393" Score="1" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this sentence:&#xA;Перед обязанности затем удовольствия&#xA;can you tell me in which cases are duty (dative, genitive, prepositional?) and pleasure (genitive? plural?)?&#xA;can you help me?&#xA;thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6497" LastActivityDate="2016-01-06T17:29:45.387" Title="Перед and затем : which cases are these?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11541" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-05T12:47:59.943" Score="2" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;in this sentence:&#xA;Скажи мне, где мы находимся (есть), мы находимся (есть) очень далеко от дома, сегодня облачно могла бы идти дождь&#xA;why the мочЬ is in feminin gender? is it for an implied погода?&#xA;thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6497" LastActivityDate="2016-01-06T09:53:25.010" Title="why in this sentence мочЬ is feminin?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11540" CreationDate="2016-01-05T12:54:36.670" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sentence sounds strange. Better would &lt;code&gt;Сначала обязанности, затем удовольствия&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Вперёд обязанности, потом удовольствия&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I think on cases it's difficult for me to distinguish (perhaps someone will correct me here). Both would be either Nominative or Accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I should also mention the Russian sayings/proverbs, that suit better here and mean the same thing you'd like to express:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сделал дело - гуляй смело&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Делу время, потехе час&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4637" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T12:54:36.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11543" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11545" CreationDate="2016-01-05T14:34:29.653" Score="1" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я встал 8 часов утро, так же как и всегда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do I have to place a comma between &lt;strong&gt;так же&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;как и&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would the meaning for you as a native speaker drastically change if I would say to you instead of the above this? (Because for me it's identically)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я встал 8 часов утро, как всегда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6381" LastActivityDate="2016-01-06T11:31:52.487" Title="Так же как и - With or without comma?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11540" CreationDate="2016-01-05T14:42:01.890" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sentence is incorrect even excluding cases of &lt;strong&gt;обязанности&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;удовольствия&lt;/strong&gt; issue. And the answer depends on what do you really mean.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If the sentence supposed to be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;сначала обязанности, а потом удовольствия&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;then it can be helpful to insert skipped verbs here: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;сначала [идут] обязанности, а затем [идут] удовольствия&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, it's easier to see that the case is nominative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6481" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T14:42:01.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11543" CreationDate="2016-01-05T15:17:33.027" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, a comma &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/punctum?layout=item&amp;amp;id=58_710&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;isn't needed&lt;/a&gt; between &lt;strong&gt;так же&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;как и&lt;/strong&gt; in this case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;btw: part before the comma should be written as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я встал &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; 8 часов утр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For me common way to express this is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я, как всегда, встал в 8 часов утра.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Putting &lt;em&gt;как всегда&lt;/em&gt; in the end of the sentence make me think that You want to stress that You &lt;strong&gt;always&lt;/strong&gt; wake up at 8 o'clock. If you write &lt;strong&gt;так же как и всегда&lt;/strong&gt; You make this stress stronger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;There are two options, whether a comma is needed or not depends on what is &lt;strong&gt;так же(,) как и&lt;/strong&gt;. If it's a &lt;strong&gt;conjunction&lt;/strong&gt; it isn't needed. In this case, it is a synonym of &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt;. When it is &lt;strong&gt;adverb+particle+conjunction&lt;/strong&gt; a comma is necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how to distinguish these two cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if &lt;strong&gt;так же(,) как и&lt;/strong&gt; expresses that the situation as the whole before &lt;strong&gt;так же...&lt;/strong&gt; is the same as it after then &lt;strong&gt;так же как и&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;a conjunction&lt;/strong&gt; and a comma isn't needed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В детстве я проводил лето на даче, так же как и большинство моих&#xA;  одноклассников.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is expressed here is that my situation &lt;em&gt;Я проводил лето на даче&lt;/em&gt; (I spent summer at my dacha) is the same as my classmates situation (they also spent a summer at their dachas).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you compare the way of doing something then it is &lt;strong&gt;adverb+particle+conjunction&lt;/strong&gt; and you need a comma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он старался плавать так же, как и остальные ребята в бассейне&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is &lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt; is adverb describing the way he swam: the same as other boys did it. So everything after &quot;так же, как и&quot; is a description of how he swam.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if &lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt; describes the whole clause then the construction &lt;strong&gt;&quot;так же как и&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;conjunction&lt;/strong&gt; and a comma inside isn't necessary (in this case comma should be before it). If &lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt; describes a verb then this is &lt;strong&gt;&quot;adverb+particle+conjunction&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and you need a comma inside (but not before).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your sentence You compare the whole situation &lt;strong&gt;I woke up at 8 o'clock&lt;/strong&gt; with the same situation which repeated day by day. This means that &lt;strong&gt;так же как и&lt;/strong&gt; is a conjunction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;oh I hope it's clear...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6481" LastEditorUserId="6481" LastEditDate="2016-01-06T11:31:52.487" LastActivityDate="2016-01-06T11:31:52.487" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11546" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11543" CreationDate="2016-01-05T21:06:05.820" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так же, как и &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There should be a comma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of examples:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pishempravilno.ru/takzhe-i-tak-zhe/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://pishempravilno.ru/takzhe-i-tak-zhe/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6525" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2016-01-05T23:08:16.610" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T23:08:16.610" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11541" CreationDate="2016-01-05T23:41:57.140" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unless  &lt;em&gt;могла бы идти&lt;/em&gt; is separated with e.g. commas as a form of address to a feminine addressee, the sentence is grammatically wrong. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The mistake derives from difficulty most non-native speakers face when trying to distinguish from each other masculine and feminine words ending in the soft sign. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;strong&gt;дождь&lt;/strong&gt; is masculine, but &lt;strong&gt;рожь&lt;/strong&gt; is feminine. Then, again, &lt;strong&gt;медведь&lt;/strong&gt; is masculine while &lt;strong&gt;подать&lt;/strong&gt; (with the stressed o) is feminine. One could hope for  any monosyllabic word being feminine, but, alas, &lt;strong&gt;кость&lt;/strong&gt; is feminine while &lt;strong&gt;гость&lt;/strong&gt; is not. However, any word ending in &lt;strong&gt;-сть&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;-нь&lt;/strong&gt; and deriving from an adjective is by rule a feminine one, e.g. &lt;em&gt;радость, гадость, пакость, синь, зелень, теплынь, пьянь.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2016-01-06T09:53:25.010" LastActivityDate="2016-01-06T09:53:25.010" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9141" CreationDate="2016-01-05T23:53:31.717" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is one of many examples of Fenno-Ugric impact upon the Russian language. The fact is that Russian Genitive bears, among other semantical aspects, also that of Partitive (just like in Estonian, Basque and Finnish).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, the Possessive Genitive is like that in phrases similar to &lt;em&gt;брат друга, сестра отца, крыша дома, рукоять оружия.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Partitive Genitive is used together with the quantitative structures, like counting objects from 2`&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to 4 (and bigger numbers like 52, 64, etc) or in phrases like &lt;em&gt;много человек, много людей, мало умных.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sense, the is identical to Finnish &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;mitä?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (or its shorterned form &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;'täh?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) and stands for thema/rhema, definite/indefinite and visible/invisible semantical aspects. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, whenever the Russian speakers think of the adressee as of holding lower and/or equal social position and of the thing they ask about as of a new theme, or as of something invisible/indefinite, they are most likely to use  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;чего?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (provided they use the 'living' form of a language and not that of some 'high speech').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2016-01-05T23:53:31.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11551" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11553" CreationDate="2016-01-06T09:16:29.093" Score="4" ViewCount="218" Body="&lt;p&gt;I learned during my classes that I can close an informal letter to my familiy or friends with &lt;code&gt;С приветом, твои сын&lt;/code&gt; for example. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I showed a couple days ago my homework to a real russian woman she laughts and said this means something like &lt;code&gt;to have bats in the belfry&lt;/code&gt; and I should better use &lt;code&gt;пока&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;до свидания&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is this all about here in your opinion? I putted this into the Google Image search and there came up some stuff which points into the direction my Russian padruga said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6381" LastActivityDate="2016-01-06T13:36:32.583" Title="Complimentary close «С приветом» still existent nowadays?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11551" CreationDate="2016-01-06T10:07:09.943" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, a female friend is still podruga, not padruga, and 'your' here would be tvoy (masc.sg.), not tvoi (pl.); the language did not change &lt;em&gt;that quick&lt;/em&gt; in the part of its orthography. As for the complementary close, it has a double meaning and semantically is actually closer in the modern Russian to 'be crazy', but that mostly works in phrases like Они с приветом / Он с приветом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This complementary close stands for any other one of the same structure, like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;С уважением&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;С уважением к Вам&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;С наилучшими пожеланиями&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;С поздравлениями&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;С восхищением&lt;/em&gt; (if you want to flatter a bit when writing a romantic letter)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;С пожеланиями успехов / удачи / всего наилучшего&lt;/em&gt; (any Genitive attribute would do).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The priviet also can be used, but then it would be better specified as a form of greeting, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;С дружеским приветом&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;С английским приветом&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;С американским приветом&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, such a complementary close would be regarded by most native speakers as a manifestation of utter / absolute trust, which would really be a little bit strange for them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The calques from English also would do, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Всего хорошего&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Искренне Ваш / Искренне Ваша&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;С наилучшими пожеланиями&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2016-01-06T13:36:32.583" LastActivityDate="2016-01-06T13:36:32.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11553" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11551" CreationDate="2016-01-06T10:08:18.867" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, there's a &quot;common-language&quot; meaning of &quot;с приветом&quot; (crazy, nuts). So it's not much popular today as formal closing. Nevertheless it's still OK. But if the person not knowing this (a foreigner) writes so, some people could think it funny.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-01-06T10:08:18.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11554" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-06T13:52:31.733" Score="5" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am glad to see some new profiles here )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question regards the terminology for translated Buddhist texts and terms therein into Russian. The tradition goes back as long as to the early 1900s and I've noticed a strange fact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While modern Russian tesaurus offers an abundance of nouns and adjectives deriving from Sanskrit, Pali, Chinese and Tibetan, there are absolutely no verbs with the same root or any Oriental root. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. one can say &lt;strong&gt;Будда, бодхисаттва, архат, дэв / дэви, дакини (and even дакиня), асур / асура, дак-па, тулку, гуру, терма, тертон, чод, ушниша, пурба, капала, дигуг, мантра, дзен, да-дзен, коан, син, у-вэй&lt;/strong&gt; и т.д., but not &lt;strong&gt;*упайять, *увэйствовать, *мантровать, *дигугнуть, *чоднить/*чодовать, *шаматхить и так далее&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead,  the loanwords for verbs covering this terminology derive from the Occidental languages or Russian: &lt;strong&gt;наставлять, быть спокойным, концентрироваться, отсекать, проводить ритуал чод, медитировать, просветляться, рецитировать, etc.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anybody give any example of a Russian loanword that is a verb deriving from Sanskrit, Pali, Mongolian, Chinese and/or Tibetan?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2016-01-07T04:18:44.663" LastActivityDate="2016-01-07T19:05:11.560" Title="Verbs deriving from Oriental languages in terminology translating Buddhist texts" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11540" CreationDate="2016-01-06T17:29:45.387" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There seems to be the first letter missing in the beginning of the phrase. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most natural form would be, putting the lexical compatability aside, &lt;em&gt;Вперёд обязанности, затем - удовольствия.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The cases in each part of the phrase are nominative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2016-01-06T17:29:45.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11554" CreationDate="2016-01-06T18:11:17.007" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Oriental spiritual practices have not been that big part of everyday Russian life long enough for such verbs to emerge in everyday language other than in analytic form (&lt;em&gt;делать + noun&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, Russian speakers practicing them of course do form and use such verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a yoga class you can hear verbs like &lt;em&gt;пранаямить&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;practice Pranayama&quot;) or &lt;em&gt;шавасанить&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;assume Shavasana&quot;; also metaphorically, meaning &quot;to lie idly&quot;: &lt;em&gt;ничего не хочется, только прийти домой, лечь на диван и шавасанить&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those practicing Japanese martial arts use verbs &lt;em&gt;макиварить&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;beat mercilessly&quot;, from &lt;em&gt;makiwara&lt;/em&gt; &quot;straw dummy used as a punch bag&quot;) and &lt;em&gt;мавашить&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;practice round kicks&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not familiar with the slang of Japanese animation community, but it's for sure large and vibrant enough to form its own verbs based on Japanese.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So pick any Russian speaking subculture whose vocabulary is influenced by the any of the languages you mentioned, and you'll undoubtedly find the verbs you're after in the jargons they use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brief googling shows that words &lt;em&gt;гурить, коанить&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;дзенить&lt;/em&gt; are in fact used in the Russian-speaking Buddhist subculture. And, since &lt;em&gt;гуру&lt;/em&gt; is widely used outside this subculture, &lt;em&gt;гурить&lt;/em&gt; has all chances to make it into everyday Russian as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-01-07T19:05:11.560" LastActivityDate="2016-01-07T19:05:11.560" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11559" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-07T10:47:06.163" Score="3" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;p&gt;Задумался над значением слова &lt;em&gt;соорудить&lt;/em&gt; или &lt;em&gt;сооружение&lt;/em&gt;. В поиске на первых страницах, к своему удивлению, не обнаружил. Возникают ассоциации с англ. rude. &#xA;Может кто просветить? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6533" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-01-08T01:25:20.367" LastActivityDate="2016-01-08T01:25:20.367" Title="&quot;Соорудить&quot; - этимология" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11559" CreationDate="2016-01-07T12:54:17.837" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ассоциации должны быть со словом &quot;орудие&quot;, которое &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Происходит от праслав. *orǫdьje, от кот. в числе прочего произошли:&#xA;  церк.-слав. ору́да «работа, труд», др.-русск. орудиıе «дело; судебное&#xA;  дело; работа; орудие, оружие» (Смол. грам. 1229 г.; ср.: тяжу урядити&#xA;  — там же), орудовати «действовать», укр. ору́да, ст.-слав. орѫдиѥ&#xA;  (др.-греч. πρᾶγμα, ἀπόκρισις), болг. оръ́дие «орудие, орган»,&#xA;  словенск. оrо̑d, orȏdje — то же, чешск. orudí «орудие», польск.&#xA;  orędzie «извещение, поручение», orędować «ходатайствовать, выполнять&#xA;  (поручение)». Праслав. *orǫdьje связано чередованием с *rędъ (ряд,&#xA;  снаряд). Далее сближают с греч. ἀραρίσκω «устраиваю, сплачиваю,&#xA;  смыкаю», ἀρθμός «связь», ἄρθρον «член», лат. arma «оружие».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Источник: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://enc-dic.com/fasmer/Orudie-9233.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Словарь Фасмера&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-01-07T12:54:17.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11562" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11462" CreationDate="2016-01-07T21:06:30.447" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on context, could be &quot;hi&quot; (mainly the same way as if someone says &quot;bonjour&quot; or &quot;hola&quot; to an English-speaking audience) but also &quot;speaking ill&quot; or &quot;running down&quot; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://song5.ru/text/%D1%8F%D0%BD-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA-%D0%B8-%D0%B3%D1%80-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;«Гражданочка, не поднимайте хай!»&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6538" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-01-07T21:34:02.920" LastActivityDate="2016-01-07T21:34:02.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11559" CreationDate="2016-01-07T21:23:53.817" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Old Russian &lt;em&gt;орудие&lt;/em&gt; meant &quot;job, business&quot; and was synonymous to the modern word &lt;em&gt;дело&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the ancestor of the word &lt;em&gt;соорудить&lt;/em&gt; meant the same as the modern &lt;em&gt;сделать&lt;/em&gt;. Likewise, the ancestor of the modern &lt;em&gt;сооружение&lt;/em&gt; meant the same as the modern &lt;em&gt;изделие&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The corpus mentions the Church Slavonic word &lt;em&gt;соорудитель&lt;/em&gt; which had been used to translate Greek &lt;em&gt;κατασκευαστής&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;constructor, designer&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-01-07T21:23:53.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11565" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11566" CreationDate="2016-01-08T16:59:31.927" Score="6" ViewCount="6430" Body="&lt;p&gt;thanks in advance for your answers!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have come across &quot;)&quot; in many Russian written conversations, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;Вид из окна на кухне)&gt;&gt;&#xA;or&#xA;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;Посмотри лучше это)&gt;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have even seen &quot;))&quot; or &quot;)))&quot; in forums.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the equivalent of an exclamation mark in English? When is it appropriate to use this symbol?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6451" LastActivityDate="2016-01-08T17:08:42.627" Title="What is the grammatical meaning of &quot;)&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11566" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11565" CreationDate="2016-01-08T17:03:33.210" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's just a smile.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Many people use this short form instead of &lt;code&gt;:)&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And there is an additional feature of such smiling technique: you can control &lt;em&gt;degree&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;level&lt;/em&gt; of your smile, more &lt;code&gt;)))&lt;/code&gt; means more fun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-01-08T17:08:42.627" LastActivityDate="2016-01-08T17:08:42.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11567" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11571" CreationDate="2016-01-08T19:18:46.533" Score="4" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;журналист писал на разные темы&lt;/strong&gt;, why is &lt;em&gt;разные темы&lt;/em&gt; in the accusative case? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Supposing &lt;strong&gt;The journalist wrote on various themes&lt;/strong&gt; is a good translation, shouldn't the prepositional case follow &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-01-09T09:42:49.913" Title="Prepositional or Accusative after на" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11568" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11570" CreationDate="2016-01-08T21:32:46.307" Score="4" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;To the best of my knowledge both sentences are correct. Does the order of &quot;нет&quot; and &quot;ничего&quot; mean anything or is one used more often by native speakers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6451" LastEditorUserId="6451" LastEditDate="2016-01-11T15:55:30.693" LastActivityDate="2016-10-03T11:57:49.793" Title="Genitive Case Word Order &quot;У них ничего нет&quot; vs. &quot;У них нет ничего&quot;" Tags="&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11568" CreationDate="2016-01-08T21:59:37.773" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both sentences are correct, and mean essentially the same thing. The difference is in the emphasis: They don't have &lt;strong&gt;anything&lt;/strong&gt;. vs. They don't &lt;strong&gt;have&lt;/strong&gt; anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2016-01-08T21:59:37.773" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11568" CreationDate="2016-01-08T22:47:31.867" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is very subtle. I would say something like the following, others may disagree.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У них ничего нет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Emphasis on нет. So if you are speaking about a shop, this empathizes that while at first glance the shop may have some goods, they do not have anything you are looking for. Or they may pretend to have something which is untrue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, in other words. You initially expected or were told they have something but learned they &lt;strong&gt;don't&lt;/strong&gt;. You empathize this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У них нет ничего&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Emphasis on ничего. This empathizes the shop does not have anything. Not only things you are looking for, but it is empty totally, they do not even pretend to have something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, in other words, you expected they do not have things you want, but learned that they do not have even things you do not need, they just do not have &lt;strong&gt;anything&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-01-08T23:48:53.810" LastActivityDate="2016-01-08T23:48:53.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11567" CreationDate="2016-01-09T09:24:50.487" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A short answer is: preposition &lt;strong&gt;&quot;на&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; when used in this meaning need a noun in the accusative case.&#xA;In this sentence &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?lop=x&amp;amp;bts=x&amp;amp;zar=x&amp;amp;ag=x&amp;amp;ab=x&amp;amp;sin=x&amp;amp;lv=x&amp;amp;az=x&amp;amp;pe=x&amp;amp;word=%D0%BD%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; seems to fit next meaning: &lt;em&gt;indicating a purpose of a thing or an action&lt;/em&gt; sixth item in the link. (at least, on my opinion it's the closest meaning from the list). There are examples from the link:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Разрешение на проезд.  &lt;code&gt;разрешение чтобы проехать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Билет на самолёт.   &lt;code&gt;билет для того чтобы сесть на самолёт&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Отдать ребёнка на воспитание.  &lt;code&gt;отдать для того чтобы воспитывали&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Наряд на погрузку.  &lt;code&gt;наряд для того чтобы погружали&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Просить на пропитание.  &lt;code&gt;просить чтобы пропитаться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Учиться на инженера. &lt;code&gt;учиться для того чтобы стать инженером&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From these examples, it's seen, that a noun always in the accusative case when &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; is used in this meaning (though I can't assert that there are no exceptions).&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;писать на тему&lt;/strong&gt; seems to fit this meaning because looked as purpose here, we can change it to &lt;strong&gt;писать чтобы раскрыть тему&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why it turned out in such using, is a question more to linguists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD&lt;/strong&gt; I have also found an &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; about conflicting between cases (including conflicting between accusative and prepositional cases) in Russian. But I'm not ready to translate it here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6481" LastEditorUserId="6481" LastEditDate="2016-01-09T09:42:49.913" LastActivityDate="2016-01-09T09:42:49.913" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11572" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11467" CreationDate="2016-01-10T20:31:56.390" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Насколько мне известно, более принято говорить &quot;класс целых чисел&quot; (а не &quot;класс целого числа&quot;), &quot;класс строк&quot; (а не &quot;класс строки&quot;), &quot;класс баз данных&quot; (а не &quot;класс базы данных&quot;).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Тогда, соответственно, логично получаем &quot;&lt;strong&gt;класс моделей&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Современные программисты в подобных случаях часто используют вариант с именительным падежом: &quot;класс целое число&quot;, &quot;класс строка&quot;, &quot;класс база данных&quot;, ну и, соответственно, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;класс модель&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(Такие выражения (всё ещё) несколько неформальны, так что они гораздо чаще произносятся, чем пишутся, и поэтому несущественно, большая буква или маленькая; я не исключаю, что имеется в виду большая, т.е. что это рассматривается как своеобразное название класса.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вообще да, если уж вы пишете, то лучше сразу писать &quot;&lt;strong&gt;класс Model&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; или как он там у вас называется, но из предложенных вами вариантов, лучше, конечно, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;класс моделей&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Но можно сказать &quot;&lt;em&gt;класс модели&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, если вы имеете в виду класс, элементом которого является данная конкретная модель (но вы, скорее всего, всё-таки имеете в виду что-то другое).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6547" LastEditorUserId="6547" LastEditDate="2016-01-10T21:15:27.680" LastActivityDate="2016-01-10T21:15:27.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11477" CreationDate="2016-01-10T21:14:06.237" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can (often) basically think of the Russian reflective ending -ся as meaning &quot;self&quot; (with the respective pronominal addition).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case (yes, I'm using examples from Vladimir Kovalenko's reply), the verb &quot;сдуть&quot; can mean &quot;to deflate&quot; or &quot;to blow off&quot; (as in off some place), so &quot;сдулось&quot; means &quot;(it) deflated itself&quot;, which makes sense; or it can mean &quot;(it) blew itself off&quot;, which is kind of weird, so that meaning doesn't really exist in Russian.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(Incidentally, my spellchecker doesn't think that word exists. The verb certainly does, but its neuter form in particular might be too uncommon, since most of the objects that can deflate are not neuter.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meanwhile, the verb &quot;упасть&quot; means &quot;to fall&quot;, which is intransitive (one cannot fall anything), so &quot;it fell itself&quot; doesn't mean anything, and similarly the Russian form &quot;упалось&quot; does not mean anything either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can, however, say &quot;свалилось&quot;, from the verb &quot;свалить&quot; (to push down). Really, &quot;it pushed itself down&quot; is also kind of weird, but it's as good as a metaphor for something falling down for no visible reason as any.&lt;br&gt;(Why does stuff randomly fall down from shelves and other such places anyway? But that's probably worth another StackExchange question by itself... I think I should go and ask it, actually. As soon as I figure out what section it should be in, anyway.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6547" LastActivityDate="2016-01-10T21:14:06.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11575" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11577" CreationDate="2016-01-11T01:55:45.100" Score="4" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across this sentence, &quot;Уточни, пожалуйста: какого числа будем разговаривать и в какое время!&quot; Why is the genitive being used for какого числа? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4925" LastActivityDate="2016-01-11T06:27:35.060" Title="Genitive Help with Time" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8712" CreationDate="2016-01-11T04:22:53.663" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know I am late to this thread, but for the sake of future users seeking to learn to touch type I would recommend this website: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.keybr.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.keybr.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I like this website because it generates random and often nonsensical words to help you learn to type. I find that this helps train touch-typing faster than typing actual Russian words does. The site also provides a number of statistical tools with which you can track the speed at which you type and the letters which give you the most trouble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6550" LastActivityDate="2016-01-11T04:22:53.663" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11575" CreationDate="2016-01-11T06:27:35.060" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I tend to see an abbreviation here: &lt;em&gt;(днём/в день) какого числа?&lt;/em&gt; It's something like '&lt;em&gt;on the day of which date?&lt;/em&gt;' Then, the missing Russian &lt;em&gt;day&lt;/em&gt; technically 'belongs' to that &lt;em&gt;date&lt;/em&gt; (чей, чего -&gt; genitive case).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-01-11T06:27:35.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11578" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11584" CreationDate="2016-01-11T07:15:14.037" Score="6" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whenever I see a quotation from the medieval chronicles (or even later sources like the time of Tsar Alexey), ч is followed by ю every single time. When and how did the rule change?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6551" LastActivityDate="2016-01-12T16:17:17.390" Title="What are the origins of the чу/щу rule?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11579" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11568" CreationDate="2016-01-11T09:55:22.727" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning is often conveyed by the intonation, yet some general rules can be detected. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. in Russian syntax (just like in Finnish and Estonian) the topic-commentary strategy gives additional meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. a first word in a phrase is usually a topic, the rest be a sequence of [sub]commentaries organized in hierarchical order. That is, in the phrase &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У них ничего нет&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the topic is 'them having', then the speaker comments that with 'nothing' and then with the 'absence of nothing'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the phrase &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У них нет ничего&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the topic is, again, 'them-having', but then what is second-rank important is 'the absence', of which the speaker comments that it is the 'absence of anything'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1941" LastEditDate="2016-01-12T12:06:58.533" LastActivityDate="2016-01-12T12:06:58.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11580" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11581" CreationDate="2016-01-11T11:01:08.813" Score="1" ViewCount="1055" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is a commonly used phrase to congratulate someone for the birth of a child?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4432" LastActivityDate="2016-01-11T11:06:51.523" Title="Congratulations for birth of child" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11581" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11580" CreationDate="2016-01-11T11:06:51.523" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;С новорОжденным (вас)! (more typical between friends or relatives)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;C пополнением в семье! (more widely used)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-01-11T11:06:51.523" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11582" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11583" CreationDate="2016-01-11T11:09:42.873" Score="3" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Книги не читаются сами! Завтра вам придется учить больше, если вы хотите сдать экзамен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why, if the person is &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt; (so second plural), the verb &lt;em&gt;приходиться&lt;/em&gt; is put into the third singular?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6497" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-01-11T11:58:34.973" LastActivityDate="2016-01-11T11:58:34.973" Title="why the verb in this sentence is conjugated singular?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11582" CreationDate="2016-01-11T11:56:05.483" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Приходиться + dat.&lt;/em&gt; is an impersonal construct which means &quot;smbd./smth. has to&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Завтра вам придётся учить больше&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;tomorrow you'll have to learn more&quot; or, if I may, &quot;tomorrow it will fare with you that you learn more&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is similar in construction to English &quot;it seems to me&quot;, &quot;it occurs to me&quot; (which also have parallels in Russian: &lt;em&gt;мне кажется&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;мне думается&lt;/em&gt; etc.). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, you put the agent (&quot;I&quot;) into an oblique case (replace &quot;I&quot; with &quot;me&quot;), and insert the expletive subject &quot;it&quot; (expletive here means that the word means nothing by itself, but is just placed there because the grammar requires something to be there).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian you don't normally use expletive subjects, except than in edge cases (&lt;em&gt;— Тебе не кажется, что он жулик? — Казаться-то оно кажется…&lt;/em&gt;), but otherwise the sentence has exactly same structure as the English one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-01-11T11:56:05.483" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11578" CreationDate="2016-01-11T12:23:25.890" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Orthography of Russian recension of Church Slavonic uses &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;ю&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt; after sibilants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule had been mechanically copied into Russian orthography by early Russian grammarians like Lomonosov:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В окончаниях единственного первого лица глаголы с предыдущею согласною имеют всегда &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt;, а &lt;em&gt;ю&lt;/em&gt; принимают токмо согласные &lt;em&gt;л, н&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;р&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;молю, храню, орю&lt;/em&gt;. Итак, неправильно пишут: &lt;em&gt;хочю, лѣчю&lt;/em&gt; вместо &lt;em&gt;хочу&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;лѣчу&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and Vostokov:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Гласные &lt;em&gt;я, ю&lt;/em&gt; после &lt;em&gt;ц, ж, ч, ш, щ&lt;/em&gt; сами заменяются гласными &lt;em&gt;а, у&lt;/em&gt;… Таким образом производится &lt;em&gt;вижу&lt;/em&gt; вместо &lt;em&gt;вижю&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So this rule, as well as preserving the &lt;em&gt;ъ&lt;/em&gt; at the end of words and making the letter &lt;em&gt;ё&lt;/em&gt; a variant of &lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt;, is only to make Russian orthography to be more consistent with that of Church Slavonic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-01-12T16:17:17.390" LastActivityDate="2016-01-12T16:17:17.390" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11585" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11586" CreationDate="2016-01-11T15:54:24.370" Score="7" ViewCount="363" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand, both of these mean more or less the same thing. Duolingo, that introduced me to the Russian language seems to prefer учитель, but Russian Pod 101 prefers преподаватель.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is преподаватель just more formal, or is there something more subtle going on?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6451" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-01-11T16:10:18.213" LastActivityDate="2016-01-12T13:40:25.663" Title="When is it more appropriate to use &quot;преподаватель&quot; rather than &quot;учитель&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;этикет&gt;&lt;formality&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11585" CreationDate="2016-01-11T16:14:56.337" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Преподаватель&quot; is more often a professor in college or university, or instructor on some specific courses. While you can list (and consider) teachers in school as &quot;преподаватели&quot; the reverse is not true - nobody calls anyone &quot;учитель&quot; in system of higher education. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &quot;учитель&quot; is uses for describing someone who is a spiritual teacher. Sort of like Yoda was for jedis or Splinter for teenage mutant ninja turtles ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another subtle thing worth to mention, on can refer to somebody as &quot;учитель&quot; (like in phrase &lt;code&gt;&quot;Но учитель, как же мне тогда быть&quot;&lt;/code&gt;), but referring to somebody as &quot;преподаватель&quot; sounds very unnatural to the native speaker. One will use the reference to position (like &lt;code&gt;&quot;Профессор, скажите пожалуйста&quot;&lt;/code&gt;) or just name (&lt;code&gt;&quot;Оксана Николаевна, можно задать вам вопрос?&quot;&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-01-12T13:40:25.663" LastActivityDate="2016-01-12T13:40:25.663" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11585" CreationDate="2016-01-11T16:17:00.547" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe, both &lt;code&gt;преподаватель&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;учитель&lt;/code&gt; are positions:&#xA;&lt;code&gt;учитель&lt;/code&gt; - at school, &lt;code&gt;преподаватель&lt;/code&gt; - at university, professional courses etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &lt;code&gt;учитель&lt;/code&gt; has another meaning: &lt;code&gt;mentor&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-01-11T16:17:00.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11589" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11590" CreationDate="2016-01-13T01:31:31.627" Score="3" ViewCount="625" Body="&lt;p&gt;From looking on yandex and other dictionaries I've seen a number of definitions of хоть:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'at least,' 'if nothing else' as in &lt;em&gt;если не для него, то хоть для его товарища&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'for example,' 'for instance' as in &lt;em&gt;Возьмите хоть его друга&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'although,' 'though' as in &lt;em&gt;хоть она и устала, она продолжала работать.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'even' as in &lt;em&gt;Я бы хотел иметь хоть часть этих денег&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While I can understand the usage of &lt;strong&gt;хоть&lt;/strong&gt; in all these sentences, its meaning becomes less clear in sentences like the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я приду помочь вам хоть в чем-то&lt;/em&gt; translated as 'I'll come help you in a little bit'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В доме есть хоть что-нибудь поесть?&lt;/em&gt; translated as  'Is there something to eat at home?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он думал о том, как ему вставить хоть слово.&lt;/em&gt; translated as 'He thought about getting the word out'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У тебя есть хоть какая-нибудь идея, почему это произошло?&lt;/em&gt; translated as 'Have you any idea why it happened?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None of the instances of &lt;strong&gt;хоть&lt;/strong&gt; in these sentences seem to correspond to the definitions given in 1-4. How can the usage of &lt;strong&gt;хоть&lt;/strong&gt; in these sentences be explained? Also, is there a difference in the usage of &lt;strong&gt;хоть&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;хотя&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6550" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T10:24:08.097" Title="Defintions and Usage of &quot;хоть&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11589" CreationDate="2016-01-13T02:32:30.270" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;In all the examples of the 2nd section &lt;strong&gt;&quot;хоть&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;at least&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я приду помочь вам хоть в чем-то&lt;/em&gt; - literally means &quot;I'll come help you at least with something&quot; (=maybe I can't help you with all things but anyway can do something for you).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;... (=maybe not many food, but at least something to eat)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;... (=he realised he couldn't interrupt a talking person by a whole sentence but tried to understand if he could say at least a word during talking person's speech)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;... (=it's not so easy to think of many ideas about it, but do you have at least one idea)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you misunderstand something about the above examples, write in comments, I'll try to explain more clearly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;About &quot;хоть&quot; and &quot;хотя&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes they are synonyms (when &lt;strong&gt;&quot;хоть&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;though&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;): &lt;em&gt;Хоть (=хотя) ты мне друг, я не дам тебе ключи.&lt;/em&gt; - Though you're my friend, I won't give you the keys. But sometimes &quot;хотя&quot; instead of &quot;хоть&quot; sounds a bit unnatural and it's hard to explain all the nuances (but sure, it's ok for foreigners, I know that my English sounds unnatural too :) )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If &quot;&lt;strong&gt;хоть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; means &quot;at least&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;even&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, its synonym would be (&quot;&lt;strong&gt;хотя бы&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;) but NOT &quot;хотя&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If &quot;&lt;strong&gt;хоть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; means &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;for example&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, neither &quot;хотя&quot; nor &quot;хотя бы&quot; instead would sound ok.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6561" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T02:32:30.270" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11589" CreationDate="2016-01-13T08:37:36.213" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, your dictionary is incomplete. &lt;em&gt;Хоть&lt;/em&gt; is not restricted to concessive (&lt;em&gt;though&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;although&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;even though&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;either ... or&lt;/em&gt;) or limiting (&lt;em&gt;for instance&lt;/em&gt;) particles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Хоть&lt;/em&gt; could also be an intensifying particle similar to either &lt;em&gt;at least&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;even&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;any / no matter what&lt;/em&gt; (with indefinite and relative pronouns). In your examples 1, 3 it means &quot;&lt;em&gt;at least&lt;/em&gt;&quot;; in 2, 4 - &quot;&lt;em&gt;any / no matter what&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-01-13T08:51:09.673" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T08:51:09.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11589" CreationDate="2016-01-13T10:24:08.097" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two more meanings not explicitly mentioned here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Even if&lt;/strong&gt; (something happens)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне лягушку хоть сахаром облепи, не возьму её в рот... (Гоголь,&#xA;  &quot;Мёртвые души&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Even if you cover that frog with sugar for me, I'll never eat it.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Be it [one thing] or [another]&lt;/strong&gt; (&quot;&lt;strong&gt;хоть, ... хоть...&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - double or multiple usage of хоть)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хоть в дождь, хоть в снег - команда выйдет на поле.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Be it rain or snow, the team will play.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T10:24:08.097" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11593" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-13T15:25:20.313" Score="5" ViewCount="188" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Why in the following sentence , we use &quot;&lt;strong&gt;оста́лось&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in the neuter singular form while &quot;не́сколько свобо́дных мест&quot; is [Genitive, PLURAL]?&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think as a plural subject, it needs a plural verb, but we used a singular form. and why neuter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У нас &lt;strong&gt;оста́лось&lt;/strong&gt; то́лько не́сколько свобо́дных мест[Genitive, PLURAL], но, к сожале́нию, мест ря́дом друг с дру́гом уже нет. Е́сли хоти́те, вы мо́жете взять два отде́льных[Genitive PLURAL] мЕста[Genitive SINGULAR].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6565" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-01-14T01:12:27.083" LastActivityDate="2016-01-18T04:18:25.447" Title="Why &quot;оста́лось&quot; is neuter?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11593" CreationDate="2016-01-13T15:41:35.300" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the main word of subject contains &quot;&lt;em&gt;несколько&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;много&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;немного&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;мало&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;немало&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;определенное количество&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and collective numbers (&quot;&lt;em&gt;двое&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;трое&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;четверо&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, etc.) (e.g., &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Там было много людей&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;У меня осталось мало денег&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;В банке было трое человек&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;) the verb is usually agreed in neutral gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe because &quot;&lt;em&gt;несколько&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;мало&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;много&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, etc. are collective words (like when the quantity of something is more than one but is considered as a single whole - I don't know how to explain it properly). Like &quot;gente&quot; in Spanish means &quot;people&quot;, but gramatically is a feminine. Or like English &quot;gilded youth&quot; means more than one person but is singular.&#xA;The same way when subject contains one of the italic words above as a main word, the verb is agreed as a neutral gender - it's just necessary to remember :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6561" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T15:41:35.300" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11595" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-13T15:45:49.720" Score="-6" ViewCount="852" Body="&lt;p&gt;My Question just came across my mind. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I use the keyboard I have here and if there is a Russian keyboard...do they go the same as a translate between English and Russian ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="492" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T16:04:04.077" Title="Russian Keyboard and English keyboard?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2016-01-13T17:17:41.527" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11593" CreationDate="2016-01-13T15:59:11.000" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У нас оста́лось то́лько не́сколько свобо́дных мест&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The subject is &lt;em&gt;несколько&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;мест&lt;/em&gt; (see this question: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/11505/why-the-verb-is-singular-in-this-sentence&quot;&gt;why the verb is singular in this sentence?&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мест&lt;/em&gt; is in plural because &lt;em&gt;несколько&lt;/em&gt; (and other collective numerals) govern plural genitive for their arguments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Е́сли хоти́те, вы мо́жете взять два отде́льных ме́ста&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likewise, numerals &lt;em&gt;два, три, четыре&lt;/em&gt; govern singular genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, while the noun should be in &lt;strong&gt;singular&lt;/strong&gt; genitive, the adjective which modifies it should be either in &lt;strong&gt;plural&lt;/strong&gt; genitive or &lt;strong&gt;plural&lt;/strong&gt; nominative (nominative is preferred for the female nouns, genitive for masculine and neuter nouns).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that those sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Можете взять два отдельных места&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можете взять два отдельные места&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можете взять две отдельных ложи&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Можете взять две отдельные ложи&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;could all be used, though those in bold are preferred stylistically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T15:59:11.000" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11595" CreationDate="2016-01-13T16:04:04.077" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Though it is not quite clear to me what do you mean by &quot;go the same as a translate&quot;, I'll try to answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are no special &quot;Russian keyboard&quot;, all keyboards in Russia are just standard keyboards with Russian layout printed on key caps. But they do not differ in drivers, embedded software or anything else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be able to type Cyrillic letters, you need to add an appropriate layout to your system. There are many Cyrillic layouts, mostly we use &quot;ЙЦУКЕН&quot; (named by left part of the firs row), but you can use a phonetic one, where Cyrillic letters are put on keys with similarly sounding Latin letters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; on Wikipedia about Russian layouts, but it's only available in Russian. You can take a look at pictures with layouts though. And there is a bit of information about Russian layouts in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_layout#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;English article on layouts&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T16:04:04.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11598" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11599" CreationDate="2016-01-13T21:33:00.647" Score="13" ViewCount="5808" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is my understanding that Russians have a first name, surname, and patronymic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the order of a full name: &quot;first name, surname, patronymic&quot; or &quot;first name, patronymic, surname&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6451" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-03-16T14:03:21.817" LastActivityDate="2017-03-16T14:03:21.817" Title="What order are the parts of a full Russian name in?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11598" CreationDate="2016-01-13T21:36:29.940" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;first - patronymic - surname&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;surname - first - patronymic&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Иван Иванович Иванов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Иванов Иван Иванович&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words patronymic is an &quot;extension&quot; for the first name and can only follow it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Except a very informal form, when only the patronymic is used.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For example:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эй, Петрович!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The full name is the most formal form, so it is typically used in official situations/documents only.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The &lt;em&gt;only patronymic&lt;/em&gt; form is a very familiar form and used only between friends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-01-13T22:16:42.017" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T22:16:42.017" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11598" CreationDate="2016-01-13T21:57:09.590" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first-patronymic-last is the most common form. The last-first-patronymic is something that is used some formal cases like official lists (for instance of awarded persons, or deceased in accident etc.), like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;К награждению представляются: Иванов  Никита Петрович, Павлова Анна Александровна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, last-first-patronymic  in articles dedicated to the person, like in &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Пушкин, Александр Сергеевич&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, this form, let's consider it being more formal one has as shortened form, when patronymic is ommited. Say in school one can hear something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Список учеников, у которых остались задолженности: Мандрыка Оксана, Ковалёв Никита. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-01-31T10:33:02.640" LastActivityDate="2016-01-31T10:33:02.640" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11598" CreationDate="2016-01-13T21:57:53.737" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The full name is used in official situations and when introducing someone officially, or when referring to highly honourable people like presidents or great writers, and also in official documents and in textbooks (in these two last cases the first name and the patronymic can be abbreviated to a single letter each). You never use the 3-word name to address someone personally, but you can use it when you would like to know if the person in front of you is the one you are looking for, in this case you pronounce it with a question intonation, policemen usually do that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-01-13T21:57:53.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11598" CreationDate="2016-01-14T00:30:37.307" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;first - patronymic - surname&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is the default form and the most respectful one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;surname - first - patronymic&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is used when alphabetic ordering is needed (in lists, encyclopedias, when calling a person from a group/class etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-01-14T00:30:37.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11603" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-14T02:20:53.043" Score="5" ViewCount="205" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the reason for this change? I had been under the impression that the rules from this (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/nouns_dative.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/nouns_dative.php&lt;/a&gt;) page apply to the changing of the noun ending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5898" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-04-01T21:59:24.327" LastActivityDate="2018-04-01T21:59:24.327" Title="Why does рот become рту, in the Dative Case?" Tags="&lt;окончания&gt;&lt;беглая-гласная&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11604" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11608" CreationDate="2016-01-14T02:54:38.660" Score="6" ViewCount="1006" Body="&lt;p&gt;Up until I started reading through &lt;em&gt;Russian Review Grammar&lt;/em&gt; by Marianna Bogojavlensky I had only seen &lt;strong&gt;ничего&lt;/strong&gt; offered as a translation for the English &amp;quot;nothing.&amp;quot; Bogojavlensky's text, however, often uses &lt;strong&gt;нечего&lt;/strong&gt; in its example dialogues as in the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если это так, то я могу чувствовать только жалость к тебе, и мне &lt;strong&gt;нечего&lt;/strong&gt; больше прибавить к тому, что я сказал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the translation the text offers of this sentence: 'If this is so, I can feel only pity for you, and I have nothing to add to what I have said.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the use of &lt;strong&gt;нечего&lt;/strong&gt; in this sentence just a simpler way of saying &amp;quot;у меня нет &lt;strong&gt;ничего&lt;/strong&gt; больше прибавить... ?&amp;quot; One &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.wordreference.com/threads/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE-vs-%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE.2253864/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;thread&lt;/a&gt; I looked at on Word Reference said that &lt;strong&gt;ничего&lt;/strong&gt; stresses a kind of &amp;quot;absolute negative&amp;quot; while &lt;strong&gt;нечего&lt;/strong&gt; merely stresses absence. Can this distinction explain the example given above? Yandex's dictionary &lt;a href=&quot;https://slovari.yandex.ru/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;defines&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;нечего&lt;/strong&gt; as 'there is nothing to + inf' or as 'it's no good to + inf.' While I can understand how these definitions differentiate the usage of &lt;strong&gt;нечего&lt;/strong&gt; from the usage of &lt;strong&gt;ничего&lt;/strong&gt; I don't see how this makes &amp;quot;и мне &lt;strong&gt;нечего&lt;/strong&gt; больше прибавить...&amp;quot; preferable to &amp;quot;у меня нет &lt;strong&gt;ничего&lt;/strong&gt; больше прибавить... ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6550" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-01-14T11:57:29.680" Title="нечего vs. ничего" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11603" CreationDate="2016-01-14T03:10:43.120" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, your page doesn't mention this important phenomenon which is called &lt;em&gt;беглая гласная&lt;/em&gt; '&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.public.asu.edu/%7Edeliving/russgram/fvover.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a fleeting vowel&lt;/a&gt;.' The thing is like this: in some words, the stressed vowels &lt;strong&gt;o&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;e&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; completely disappear, turn to null, when the form of the word changes and the stress moves onto another vowel. Your noun &lt;em&gt;рот&lt;/em&gt; has its root stressed, but when we form the Genitive case and add the ending &lt;em&gt;-a&lt;/em&gt;, the stress moves onto this ending and the &lt;em&gt;-o-&lt;/em&gt; in the root disappears.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fleeting vowels are met very often in Russian and also in all the other Slavic languages, that's a common-Slavic phenomenon. But note, not every &lt;strong&gt;o&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;e&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; is fleeting, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кóт — котá : no vowel disappears.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сóн — снá&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;бeрý — брáть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;звонóк — звонкá&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have to remember in which words the vowel disappears, a good dictionary marks such words and their forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason why these vowels disappear is that the ones that do, descend from the ancient very short, reduced, vowels known as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yer&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;yers&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;: a short high front vowel denoted as &lt;em&gt;ĭ&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;ь&lt;/em&gt;, and a short back vowel denoted as &lt;em&gt;ŭ&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;ъ&lt;/em&gt;. These vowels underwent reduction and were eventually deleted in certain positions in a word in the early Slavic languages, but if they were in a stressed position, they changed into the full vowels, in Russian into &lt;strong&gt;e&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;o&lt;/strong&gt; respectfully. This phenomenon is called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havl%C3%ADk%27s_law&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Havlík's law&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And again, note, &lt;em&gt;рта&lt;/em&gt; is not the Dative case, it is the Genitive case of &lt;em&gt;рот&lt;/em&gt;, the Dative case from this noun is &lt;em&gt;рту&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-05-06T10:25:33.037" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11604" CreationDate="2016-01-14T03:11:34.293" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the difference is somewhat akin to &amp;quot;there's nothing&amp;quot; vs. &amp;quot;there isn't anything&amp;quot;. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll tell you nothing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я тебе ничего не скажу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;versus&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't tell you anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нечего тебе сказать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-01-14T03:50:20.227" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11598" CreationDate="2016-01-14T06:11:00.447" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Full name (last-first-patronymic) is also used in situations, where normally only last name (e. g. roll-call in the army) or first-last form (e. g. announcement of sport teams line-ups) are used to distinguish between two or more people, who share last or both last and first name:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Стартовый состав команды: в воротах Иван Петров, защитники — Николай Смирнов, Дмитрий Иванович Комаров, Дмитрий Сергеевич Комаров &amp;lt;..&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user4820" LastActivityDate="2016-01-14T06:11:00.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11604" CreationDate="2016-01-14T11:57:29.680" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ничего&lt;/em&gt; along with a verb requires double negation, so it's always about negating actions. But &lt;em&gt;нечего&lt;/em&gt; is used with a positive form of the verb, and it denotes a non-existence of an object suitable for action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я ничего не скажу --&gt; I say nothing; I won't say anything&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мне нечего сказать --&gt; I have nothing to say; There's nothing to say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я ничего не прибавлю --&gt; I won't add anything&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мне нечего прибавить --&gt; I have nothing to add&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the matter of &quot;у меня нет ничего больше добавить...&quot; - it's really ugly, no native speaker says so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-01-14T11:57:29.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11610" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-14T14:55:17.673" Score="12" ViewCount="388" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a famous quote from &lt;em&gt;Heart of a Dog&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Собачье сердце&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если я, входя в уборную, начну, извините за выражение, мочиться мимо унитаза и то же самое будут делать Зина и Дарья Петровна, в уборной начнется разруха.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(translation by Avril Pyman) If, when I go to the lavatory, I, if you'll forgive the expression, begin to piss and miss the bowl, and Zina and Darya Petrovna do the same, then we get Disruption in the lavatory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does the speaker make an excuse for using the word &lt;em&gt;мочиться&lt;/em&gt;? That could be reasonable if he used a slang synonym like &lt;em&gt;ссать&lt;/em&gt; but &lt;em&gt;мочиться&lt;/em&gt; seems just regular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that a vulgar or otherwise indecent word? Why does the make an excuse?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="191" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T17:15:47.177" Title="Is &quot;мочиться&quot; a vulgar or indecent word to any extent?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11610" CreationDate="2016-01-14T15:03:36.543" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not indecent word. This is indecent theme (topic).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Therefore the speaker made an excuse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-01-14T15:03:36.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11598" CreationDate="2016-01-14T15:06:41.237" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both forms &#xA;1. first - patronymic - surname&#xA;2. surname - first - patronymic&#xA;are used in formal situations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think &quot;&lt;strong&gt;S&lt;/strong&gt;urname - &lt;strong&gt;F&lt;/strong&gt;irst - &lt;strong&gt;P&lt;/strong&gt;atronymic&quot; is used more often since there is special abbreviation &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ФИО&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; i.e. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;SFP&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. E.g. you can often find this abbreviation in legal documents. While abbreviation &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ИОФ&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; does not exist.&#xA;first - patronymic - surname may be used in less formal texts e.g. , someone's biography, corporate lists, news etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6576" LastActivityDate="2016-01-14T15:06:41.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7241" CreationDate="2016-01-14T17:29:29.673" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I learned using charts photocopied from the back of a textbook called &lt;i&gt;Live From Moscow&lt;/i&gt; (now out of print). Years later when I had to teach a class I looked online for something similar, but found nothing. So I created one in OpenOffice Writer, started a website, and put it online. Here is what it looks like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jJHKK.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jJHKK.png&quot; alt=&quot;sample of case tables&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The full set is two pages long: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.readyrussian.org/Handouts/Grammar%205--Case%20Charts.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Case Charts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Openoffice file is provided, so you can reformat the chart if you like. It distributed under a Creative Commons license.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I was learning the cases I found the full chart too much to memorize. But once I understood the spelling rules I discovered that some of the changes were phonetic and that there were not as many different declensions as there appear to be. So, I made another set of charts to help students to see this. Here is an example from the first part:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jFNBC.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jFNBC.png&quot; alt=&quot;simplified noun chart&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second part explains how hard and soft vowels work and how once we can see the declension rules as separate from the spelling rules the chart is much simpler:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0C6QA.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/0C6QA.png&quot; alt=&quot;vowel pairs chart&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.readyrussian.org/Handouts/Grammar%206--Abbreviated%20Case%20Charts.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Abbreviated Case Charts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would suggest starting with the full chart to get a feel of how declension works and use the abbreviated chart if you get stuck trying to memorize it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastEditorUserId="4753" LastEditDate="2018-03-19T01:22:19.510" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T01:22:19.510" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11615" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11610" CreationDate="2016-01-14T21:19:45.867" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Preobrazhensky's middle-class manners compelled him to excuse himself for mentioning the subject itself, especially in front of ladies. &lt;strong&gt;Мочиться&lt;/strong&gt; is perfectly neutral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English translator's word choice is odd; that trite little rhyme with &quot;miss&quot; is even odder. Did they think it was clever?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-01-14T21:19:45.867" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11616" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-14T23:54:39.103" Score="3" ViewCount="222" Body="&lt;p&gt;Насмерть or вусмерть, when do I use what?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastActivityDate="2016-06-17T21:34:53.520" Title="Насмерть vs вусмерть" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11616" CreationDate="2016-01-15T00:04:46.507" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those words have quite different domains of usage. In fact, any time you are talking about death, death literally, it's &quot;насмерть&quot; - &lt;code&gt;разбиться насмерть&lt;/code&gt;. Also, when you are talking about extreme level of something, than in most cases it is &quot;насмерть&quot; as well: &lt;code&gt;они стояли насмерть за свою родину&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;слушай, дверь насмерть просто закрылась, никак не открыть&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вусмерть&quot; in modern Russian is about extreme states of conscience, about being at the edge of functioning. &lt;code&gt;Напиться вусмерть&lt;/code&gt; - is to drink way to much, bit that does not imply death. In fact, &quot;вусмерть&quot; is used mostly in drunk-related context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are, though, some cases when those two words are interchangeable. &lt;code&gt;Я просто вусмерть с ними рассорился&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;я прям насмерть на него обиделся&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, to non-native speaker who is yet to gain some experience in de-facto word usage I'de recommend to use &quot;вусмерть&quot; about being drunk (or stoned) and &quot;насмерть&quot; in other cases. This is oversimplification but it's something worth to start with. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-01-15T08:45:45.307" LastActivityDate="2016-01-15T08:45:45.307" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11618" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11619" CreationDate="2016-01-15T03:03:08.940" Score="5" ViewCount="1136" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there an accepted Russian transliteration of the given name &quot;Keith&quot;? It appears &lt;strong&gt;θ&lt;/strong&gt; is often transliterated as &lt;strong&gt;ф&lt;/strong&gt;, but it doesn't &lt;em&gt;feel&lt;/em&gt; correct in this case (of course I don't know). Кит, Кис, Киз? Something different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user6485" LastEditorDisplayName="user6485" LastEditDate="2016-01-15T03:43:08.573" LastActivityDate="2016-01-15T04:55:46.477" Title="Given name transliteration: &quot;Keith&quot;" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11618" CreationDate="2016-01-15T03:26:54.323" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yep, as already is told in comments, &quot;т&quot; is usually standing for t[θ] in modern Russian (though we have Фёдор vs. Theodor, Коринф vs. Corinth). But behold, here I present you a universal algorithm for resolving issues of this kind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Choose one celebrity with this name. In our case, let's go with Keith Richards.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Find &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Richards&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an article&lt;/a&gt; about this person in English wikipedia. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Choose the same article in other language. In our case, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81,_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in Russian&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Check out how the name is translated.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If still not sure (no irony, for historical reasons name of particular person could be transliterated differently), repeat starting from step 1 with choosing some different celebrity. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a sidenode, word algorithm itself is a nice example of how &quot;ф&quot;-tradition was changed by &quot;т&quot;-tradition. No that long ago there &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/921/can-i-encounter-a%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC-nowadays-in-any-context-and-in-past&quot;&gt;was&lt;/a&gt; alternative spelling for &lt;code&gt;алгоритм&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;алгорифм&lt;/code&gt;, but now it is completely obsolete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-01-15T04:55:46.477" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11610" CreationDate="2016-01-15T06:12:32.980" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not that piss is a medical term. But at the same time, the doctor will suggest the patient to &quot;помочиться&quot;. If you appeal to your child, you say &quot;пописать&quot;.&#xA;At the same time, the sculpture in Brussels called &quot;Писающий мальчик&quot;.&#xA;Not &quot;Мочащийся мальчик&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6579" LastActivityDate="2016-01-15T06:12:32.980" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11621" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11622" CreationDate="2016-01-15T10:18:27.333" Score="1" ViewCount="478" Body="&lt;p&gt;Чем отличаются значения словосочетаний: &lt;code&gt;мастер ключей&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;мастер по ключам&lt;/code&gt;? В каких случаях правильно писать &lt;code&gt;мастер чего-то&lt;/code&gt;, а в каких – &lt;code&gt;мастер по чему-то&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6371" LastActivityDate="2016-01-16T17:51:25.783" Title="Мастер по чему-то или мастер чего-то?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11621" CreationDate="2016-01-15T13:54:08.790" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Мастер&quot;&lt;/a&gt; может иметь различные значения. В частности,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;мастер&quot; = &quot;квалифицированный рабочий&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;мастер&quot; = &quot;человек, достигший высокого искусства в своем деле&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сочетание &quot;&lt;em&gt;мастер по ...&lt;/em&gt;&quot; однозначно указывает на первое и исключает второе. Соответственно &quot;мастер по ключам&quot; - это работник. А &quot;мастер ключей&quot; - это, вероятнее всего, ошибочный перевод (aka &quot;надмозг&quot;) английского выражения &quot;&lt;em&gt;master key&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (специально сделанный ключ, которым можно открыть любую дверь в доме).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-01-15T13:54:08.790" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11623" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11629" CreationDate="2016-01-15T14:15:44.747" Score="3" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm studying numerals and I found this example:&#xA;У меня есть 2 старших брата, и одна старшая сестра&#xA;far as I know after У меня есть It should be an nominative, so for the rule of the numbers the 2 should need the genitive singular (and thats ok cause брата is right) but why the adjective does not respect this rule? It seems to me in plural (Genitive or Accusative). Can you help me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6497" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2016-01-16T21:18:54.827" LastActivityDate="2016-01-16T21:18:54.827" Title="Numerals and cases - why in this sentence the adjective is in plural form?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11623" CreationDate="2016-01-15T15:12:30.510" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, it's just like that. You have to remember this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The long story: here &quot;брата&quot; is actually a relict of dual number, not singular. Some time ago it must be kind of &quot;два старша брата&quot;, yet adjectives didn't keep any trace of dual form until nowadays, so for 2..4 it is now like this: &quot;plural adjective&quot; + &quot;singular noun&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-01-15T15:22:01.963" LastActivityDate="2016-01-15T15:22:01.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11625" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11623" CreationDate="2016-01-15T16:10:23.320" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately I really do not know much English. But the reference to the rules.&#xA;Maybe someone will be able to translate them.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/65.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;§193. Определение при существительном, зависящем от числительных два, три, четыре&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6579" LastActivityDate="2016-01-15T16:10:23.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11626" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11627" CreationDate="2016-01-15T18:34:29.437" Score="7" ViewCount="385" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning of the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;будь жена хоть коза, лишь бы золотые рога&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand all the words in the sentence, and I've roughly translated it as: &quot;Whether a wife be a she-goat, if only the golden horn&quot; This is a confusing and unsatisfying translation.The meaning of this sentence does not seem to be compositional, so I've come here seeking aid from a native speaker to whom this sentence is perhaps familiar. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More generally, I have a question about the use of &lt;strong&gt;лишь&lt;/strong&gt;. I've read &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.italki.com/question/205996&quot;&gt;some places&lt;/a&gt; that &lt;strong&gt;лишь&lt;/strong&gt; is not often used colloquially and is seen mostly in song lyrics. I've only seen it before in the song &quot;В траве сидел кузнечик&quot; in the line &lt;em&gt;он съел одну лишь травку&lt;/em&gt;. Yandex translates лишь as 'only,' 'just,' or 'merely.' If this is so, is лишь merely synonymous with &lt;strong&gt;только&lt;/strong&gt;, or does it have a different, more specific, usage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6550" LastActivityDate="2016-01-15T19:04:09.083" Title="Strange, Possibly Idiomatic Sentence and the Adverb лишь" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11626" CreationDate="2016-01-15T18:50:33.320" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is translated something like &quot;You can have even a goat wife in case she has golden horns&quot;.  It's not an &quot;if&quot; per se, it is sort of &quot;in case one don't find him or herself in this situation&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Лишь&lt;/code&gt; is a pretty tricky word indeed. There are some subtly different meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;only, merely, just: &lt;code&gt;Я горжусь лишь тем, чего достиг сам&lt;/code&gt;. So it is indeed to some extent synonymous to &quot;только&quot; but be warned, there also:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;лишь только: as soon as. &lt;code&gt;Лишь только наступил вечер, она уже уснула.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;лишь бы: only if.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last one is exactly your case. &#xA;As of how often is is used - well, I'd say it's usage is gradually declining but it would be too radical to consider is obsolete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-01-15T19:04:09.083" LastActivityDate="2016-01-15T19:04:09.083" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11626" CreationDate="2016-01-15T18:57:11.207" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лишь бы&lt;/em&gt; here means &lt;em&gt;as long as&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase means &lt;em&gt;Don't care if the wife is a goat as long as she has golden horns&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-01-15T18:57:11.207" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11623" CreationDate="2016-01-15T21:59:55.450" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My understanding of the various facets of the numeral-case system is like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;--Both masculine and feminine countable nouns and the adjectives that describe them are in the nominative case. Ex: один чёрный кофе, одна прекрасная принцесcа&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2-4 Masculine&lt;/strong&gt;--Noun is in the genitive singular, adjective in the genitive plural. Ex: два сильных спортсмена, or as in your case: два старших брата&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2-4 Feminine&lt;/strong&gt;--Noun is in the genitive singular, adjective is in the &lt;em&gt;nominative plural&lt;/em&gt;. Ex: две сильные спортсменки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5-20&lt;/strong&gt;--Noun is in the genitive plural, adjective is in the genitive plural Ex: двадцать сумаcшедших людей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6550" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-01-16T00:20:02.617" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11630" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-16T11:34:51.367" Score="1" ViewCount="273" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning of отлюбить мозг? I'm guessing it is slang, correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2016-01-18T03:52:20.800" Title="Meaning of отлюбить мозг" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11630" CreationDate="2016-01-16T11:41:39.567" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a slang.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It means &lt;code&gt;to fuck a brain&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-01-16T11:41:39.567" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11630" CreationDate="2016-01-16T14:08:48.647" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's an euphemism for &lt;em&gt;отъебать мозг&lt;/em&gt; which is one of the possible perfective forms of &lt;em&gt;ебать мозг&lt;/em&gt; &quot;to badger, to annoy with too much talking&quot; (literally, &quot;to fuck one's brain&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-01-16T14:08:48.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11621" CreationDate="2016-01-16T14:15:09.807" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;(В качестве дополнения)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Типичные примеры использования выражения &quot;&lt;strong&gt;мастер чего-то&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. Чаще всего так говорят о литераторах и людях искусства, выделяющихся каким-либо аспектом своего творчества:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;мастер слова&lt;/strong&gt; - тот, кто особенно красиво и умело излагает свои мысли средствами литературного языка (писатель, поэт, рассказчик, литературный переводчик, существенно реже - журналист); не всегда великого писателя называют мастером слова в этом аспекте;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;мастер короткого рассказа&lt;/strong&gt; (или иного конретного жанра) - о литераторе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;мастер пейзажа&lt;/strong&gt; (натюрморта или иного жанра живописи, скульптуры) - о художнике&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;мастер дальнего паса&lt;/strong&gt; - напр. о футболисте&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;мастер мистификации(-ий)&lt;/strong&gt; - об особенностях поведения, направленных на массовое введение людей в заблуждение по поводу чего-то - в любой области, не обязательно творческой (это может быть как личность вроде Гудини, Копперфильда, так и просто известный мошенник)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мастер перевоплощения&lt;/strong&gt; - об актёре&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2016-01-16T17:51:25.783" LastActivityDate="2016-01-16T17:51:25.783" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11636" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11638" CreationDate="2016-01-16T22:05:47.283" Score="8" ViewCount="285" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems dictionaries rarely offer definitions for adjectives that have the suffix -енький. There are a few (for instance: маленький; хорошенький), but by Googling many more show up (for instance: старенький; толстенький; весёленький). What nuance or change in meaning does -енький add to basic adjectives? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6584" LastActivityDate="2016-01-16T22:34:33.837" Title="What does the adjectival ending -енький mean?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11636" CreationDate="2016-01-16T22:18:29.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a diminutive ending. It is often used when talking to little children.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2016-01-16T22:18:29.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11636" CreationDate="2016-01-16T22:34:33.837" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-еньк-/-оньк-&lt;/em&gt; is an affectionate and/or diminutive suffix, similar to English &quot;-y/-ie&quot;: &quot;cute / cutie, sweet / sweetie&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be used with nouns, adjectives, adverbs and (in baby talk) even verbs: &lt;em&gt;спать / спатеньки&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This suffix can sometimes change the style of even the meaning of the words it's used with: for instance, the mentioned &lt;em&gt;маленький&lt;/em&gt; is currently the neutral word for &quot;small, little&quot; (&lt;em&gt;малый&lt;/em&gt; being an archaic word, mostly used in its short predicative form &lt;em&gt;мал&lt;/em&gt; nowadays); and &lt;em&gt;хорошенький&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;cute, handsome&quot; (mere &lt;em&gt;хороший&lt;/em&gt; does not have this meaning). That's why they are mentioned separately in the dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, mostly the words with that suffix are just the affectionate varieties of their corresponding neutral counterparts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-01-16T22:34:33.837" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11639" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-17T10:15:38.607" Score="-2" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;муссировать этимология please inform&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6585" LastActivityDate="2016-01-17T10:36:10.377" Title="муссировать этимология" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-01-18T13:07:20.080" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11639" CreationDate="2016-01-17T10:36:10.377" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Французские слова mousse - пена, mousser - вспенивать. В русском глагол используется в переносном значении &quot;раздувать важность&quot; (события, дела).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5427" LastActivityDate="2016-01-17T10:36:10.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11641" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11643" CreationDate="2016-01-17T17:12:41.873" Score="3" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;p&gt;From what I understand, both can mean &lt;strong&gt;activity&lt;/strong&gt;, but действие also means &lt;strong&gt;action&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, they seem similar enough that I don't know when to use which. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to this &lt;a href=&quot;http://dict.ruslang.ru/freq.php?act=show&amp;amp;dic=freq_s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;frequency list&lt;/a&gt;, действие is ranked #83 among Russian nouns, #302 overall. деятельность is ranked #94 among Russian nouns, #322 overall. Given the prevalence of these 2 words, I believe a deeper understanding of when to use each is necessary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-01-18T10:49:47.820" Title="действие versus деятельность" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11641" CreationDate="2016-01-17T18:50:50.657" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Действие means that the process will be short.&#xA;Деятельность is the long-running process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;brushing teeth is a short process. It's an action as действие.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;working activity is a long process so it means рабочая деятельность&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2332" LastActivityDate="2016-01-17T18:50:50.657" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11641" CreationDate="2016-01-17T18:53:17.170" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Деятельность&lt;/em&gt; is mostly about &lt;em&gt;working activities&lt;/em&gt;, while &lt;em&gt;действие&lt;/em&gt; is about &lt;em&gt;actions&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;functioning activities&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But note that the notion of working activity is rather vague. For example, &lt;em&gt;higher nervous activity&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;высшая нервная деятельность&lt;/em&gt;, that is brain really &lt;em&gt;works&lt;/em&gt;, not just &lt;em&gt;functioning&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-01-17T18:53:17.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8712" CreationDate="2016-01-17T19:52:39.530" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Learn one keyboard layout, the one you'd use most frequently. Layouts are in some sense independent from the language. Obviously one can type in English on German or French layout. It's only the characters special to that language that can be missing. You could learn to enter them in some alternative way when needed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6586" LastActivityDate="2016-01-17T19:52:39.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11646" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11322" CreationDate="2016-01-17T20:33:36.033" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can imagine the original construction used &quot;из-за&quot; = &quot;because, for&quot; but as &quot;из&quot; got lost the case got adjusted to what sounds proper case for &quot;за&quot; usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6586" LastActivityDate="2016-01-17T20:33:36.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11647" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11641" CreationDate="2016-01-17T21:32:22.527" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Действие is a single act while деятельность is a number of different actions with (or without) common purpose. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, деятельность can consist of many действие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-01-17T21:32:22.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9478" CreationDate="2016-01-17T22:39:25.937" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To further develop on what @yellow sky noted, the derivatives of быть can be easily understood when keeping in mind it's relationship with the notion of movement. I just want to illustrate with parallels from Spanish estar-&gt;есть, va -&gt; будет (will be) but va also means идёт (goes), to go -&gt; ir идти. The past tense of the movement verb ir serves as the past tense of estar: fui. Будущее =грядущее, настоящее &amp;lt;- стоять, былое &amp;lt;- прошедшее, all three tenses can be easily associated with movement or absent thereof. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6586" LastActivityDate="2016-01-17T22:39:25.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11649" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11630" CreationDate="2016-01-18T03:52:20.800" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this expression, &quot;любить&quot; is just an obvious euphemism to f-word. One say so, if she/he implies that she/he is going to swear. This euphemism is just as inappropriate as f-word, but it is less emotional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means having someone bored to death and blaming one for doing so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-01-18T03:52:20.800" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11593" CreationDate="2016-01-18T04:18:25.447" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sample text looks far-fetched. Being native speaker, I feel like there is a mistake. Though it's not a mistake, just odd words combination. One don't say &quot;только несколько&quot; unless she/he has speaking issues, such as stutter. If you would ask for a ticket, you will hear:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Можно мне два места ря́дом?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ря́дом не́ту. Всего пара билетов осталось. По отде́льности места́ брать будете?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-01-18T04:18:25.447" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11651" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11641" CreationDate="2016-01-18T10:49:47.820" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe &lt;strong&gt;действие&lt;/strong&gt; is action, while &lt;strong&gt;деятельность&lt;/strong&gt; is activity. And I can't remember any exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2016-01-18T10:49:47.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11652" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11656" CreationDate="2016-01-18T12:50:05.647" Score="2" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to translate into Russian language English term &quot;Inline disposition&quot; used in Internet communications. &quot;Inline disposition&quot; means that the file has to be shown directly in browser, not as attachment. And I can not find any close equivalent... Please help :) &#xA;В Интернете ничего не могу найти...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it could be &quot;«Инлайн» диспозиция&quot; or &quot;«Инлайн» размещение&quot;. But is &quot;инлайн&quot; word used in Russian language?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A little info about &quot;Inline disposition&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For example, if you have a PDF file and Firefox/Adobe Reader, an&#xA;  inline disposition will open the PDF within Firefox, whereas&#xA;  attachment will force it to download.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4345" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-01-18T19:08:08.720" LastActivityDate="2016-01-18T19:51:20.347" Title="How to translate HTTP term &quot;Inline disposition&quot; into Russian language?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;информатика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11653" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11654" CreationDate="2016-01-18T13:51:39.443" Score="4" ViewCount="386" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English touch-typing on a qwerty keyboard, the default position of the fingers is asdf (left) and hjkl (right). The Russian keys extend further to the right, owing to the greater number of letters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a standard home row positioning for touch-typing on a йцукен keyboard? If so, is it with the left fingers on фыва and right fingers on ролд, or left fingers on фыва and right fingers on олдж, or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1556" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T05:59:55.893" Title="What is home row for touch typing on a йцукен layout?" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11653" CreationDate="2016-01-18T14:00:40.680" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The home row &lt;em&gt;asdf&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;jkl;&lt;/em&gt; corresponds to &lt;em&gt;фыва&lt;/em&gt; (left) &lt;em&gt;олдж&lt;/em&gt; (right) on russian (Russian Cyrillic) layout.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5362" LastActivityDate="2016-01-18T14:00:40.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11652" CreationDate="2016-01-18T19:02:42.470" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, formally this could be translated as &quot;встраиваемое/встроенное расположение/размещение&quot;. The word inline in case it is even translated is &lt;code&gt;встроенный&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;встраиваемый&lt;/code&gt;. But the thing is the actually in real life scenarios nobody translate it, de-facto Russian developer or engineer will just say &lt;code&gt;инлайн&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;заинлайненный&lt;/code&gt;. Actually, we can claim that the &lt;code&gt;заинлайненный&lt;/code&gt; word is a new Russian word, just like we have &lt;code&gt;юзер&lt;/code&gt; for computer users but &lt;code&gt;пользователь&lt;/code&gt; is not gone as well, or &lt;code&gt;киллер&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;убийца&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With disposition it is even more trickier. I bet there's no way you'll hear anything but &quot;disposition&quot; (диспозишн) - no developer will say &quot;размещение&quot;. Talking, for instance, of &quot;Content-Disposition&quot; http header no one even attempts to translate this term. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though, the word disposition sometimes is translated as &lt;code&gt;диспозиция&lt;/code&gt; - unlike the word &lt;code&gt;заинлайненный&lt;/code&gt;, this word already existed in Russian, it's just that it is used in a new way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even in technical documentation I guess it will probably just won't be translated in order not to confuse reader. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-01-18T19:51:20.347" LastActivityDate="2016-01-18T19:51:20.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11652" CreationDate="2016-01-18T19:30:12.430" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we use good old calquing, we'll have &lt;em&gt;встроенное размещение содержимого&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;размещение содержимого во вложении&lt;/em&gt; for &quot;inline content disposition&quot; and &quot;attachment content disposition&quot;, respectively&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This concept has apparently been taken from the email standards and originally said whether you should show a picture or a rich text snippet as a whole in the email body window or just as a filename in the attachments bar with a paper clip next to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This does not translate for browsers very well, even in English: a downloadable file is hardly an &quot;attachment&quot;, or a PDF which opens in a new tab is hardly &quot;inline&quot;; and there is no envelope for the content to have &quot;disposition&quot; in it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those are just historical header names and values which had been reused for something completely different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my take on this would be just leaving the English terms as is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При передаче данных сервер указывает способ обработки содержимого: &quot;инлайн&quot;, если его нужно открыть в браузере, или &quot;аттачмент&quot;, если его нужно сохранить в файл на диске.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or giving them a meaningful description, disregarding their English meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При передаче данных сервер сообщает, являются ли они &lt;em&gt;отображаемыми&lt;/em&gt; или &lt;em&gt;сохраняемыми&lt;/em&gt; путём установки значения заголовка &lt;code&gt;Content-Disposition&lt;/code&gt; в &lt;code&gt;inline&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;attachment&lt;/code&gt;, соответственно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, you can't translate without a context, so if you want a useful answer, it would have been best if you provided a Russian phrase you are trying to build.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-01-18T19:37:28.560" LastActivityDate="2016-01-18T19:37:28.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11505" CreationDate="2016-01-18T23:44:40.037" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На стадионе собралось пятьдесят тысяч человек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though formally, this sentence has a subject, using the singular neuter form makes it sound like an impersonal sentence, emphasizing that the situation (the number of people) is a result of some factors that are independent from those people's wills and active actions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's explained really well &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/22-spravka/letters/64-bolshinstvo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (see the 'Согласование сказуемого с числительными' part).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="98" LastEditorUserId="98" LastEditDate="2016-01-19T00:02:44.690" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T00:02:44.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11658" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11660" CreationDate="2016-01-18T23:52:05.550" Score="5" ViewCount="400" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a saying &quot;не фартануло&quot; which means something like &quot;не повезло&quot; or &quot;не получилось&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, where does it come from? There don't seem to be any related words that come to mind, and there doesn't seem to be a verb &quot;фартануть&quot; in use. (Found a dictionary entry like &lt;a href=&quot;http://argo.academic.ru/5502/%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://argo.academic.ru/5502/%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C&lt;/a&gt; which don't refer to the same meaning).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does &quot;фартануть&quot; have any other uses or relations to other phrases or is it just a single isolated idiomatic expression &quot;не фартануло&quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3557" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T11:51:35.007" Title="Origin of &quot;не фартануло&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11659" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11658" CreationDate="2016-01-19T00:04:18.563" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the word &lt;code&gt;фартануло&lt;/code&gt; comes from the word &lt;code&gt;фарт&lt;/code&gt;, which means &lt;code&gt;удача&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;везение&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More info: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ru.wiktionary.org&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/1075186&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;dic.academic.ru&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vedu.ru/expdic/37258/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;vedu.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-01-19T00:10:02.493" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T00:10:02.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11658" CreationDate="2016-01-19T04:31:14.130" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Фартану́ть&quot; comes from &quot;фарт&quot;, which originally means a luck in a card game. Later, the word became common among criminals and finally it's common slang (though using it still somehow refers to knowing how criminals do communication).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this form, &quot;не фартануло&quot; is much more common than &quot;фартануло&quot;. The one would probably say &quot;подфарти́ло&quot; instead of &quot;фартануло&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T04:31:14.130" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11661" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11663" CreationDate="2016-01-19T05:03:03.427" Score="6" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that на is used to describe an open space or a space with indistinct boundaries. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clearly that does not describe почта. Is there reason why на is used here or is it an isolated exception? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6444" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T12:32:48.750" Title="Why на почте rather than в почте?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11661" CreationDate="2016-01-19T06:04:00.687" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From a grammatical standpoint, I was taught a number of special settings which required &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; like &lt;em&gt;кухня&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;стадион&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;почта&lt;/em&gt; despite the fact that English speakers say &quot;&lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; the kitchen/stadium/post office&quot; (For a full(er) list of these special settings, look &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianlessons.net/lessons/lesson8_main.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;). So, to be sure, &lt;em&gt;почта&lt;/em&gt; is not an &quot;isolated&quot; exception. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to whether or not there is a reason why this is true, I am not sure. That is probably more of a question for a historical linguist. It is possible that the post office or the kitchen are historically open spaces or spaces where activities took place, and thus take &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6550" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T06:04:00.687" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11661" CreationDate="2016-01-19T08:42:10.920" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, your understanding is not complete, there are some cases when it is not about an open space or space without distinct boundaries. We say also &lt;code&gt;на станции&lt;/code&gt; for instance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, earlier the office itself even in colloquial speech was not &lt;code&gt;почта&lt;/code&gt; but &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;почтовая станция&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;почтовый стан&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. &#xA;For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пора была летняя, жаркая, и я вперед мечтал о том блаженном моменте,&#xA;  когда на почтовой станции смогу напиться чаю.&#xA;  (Д. Мамин-Сибиряк)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На  ...ской  почтовой  станции,  куда  я  прибыл  вечером,  лошадей &#xA;  не оказалось.&#xA;  (В. Короленко)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess at least partially the reason why we say &lt;code&gt;на почте&lt;/code&gt; is due to the fact that at first it was just a shorter version of &lt;code&gt;на почтовой станции&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2016-01-19T12:32:48.750" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T12:32:48.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11661" CreationDate="2016-01-19T10:39:10.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another aspect of it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English both &lt;strong&gt;at/in&lt;/strong&gt; prepositions are used with 'post-office', depending on which accent is needed - on the place by its function or on what happens &lt;em&gt;within&lt;/em&gt; its building (room). But Russian &lt;strong&gt;почта&lt;/strong&gt; can mean 2 different things: either &lt;strong&gt;post-office&lt;/strong&gt; (or some greater institution) or &lt;strong&gt;mail items&lt;/strong&gt;. So the prepositions &lt;strong&gt;на/в&lt;/strong&gt; correspond to those different meanings. For example, you can say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;в почте этого телешоу попалось письмо от знаменитости&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and that would refer to 'a letter found among numerous &lt;strong&gt;mail&lt;/strong&gt; items'. If one speaks about something &lt;em&gt;inside a post-office&lt;/em&gt;, they can't only change the preposition: an addition of another word is needed (&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;здании&lt;/em&gt; почты, &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;помещении&lt;/em&gt; почты). Also, &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; здании Почтамта, но &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; Почтамте (same strong attachment of the preposition by function of the place).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T10:39:10.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11661" CreationDate="2016-01-19T11:43:04.543" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is totally like in English. You say &quot;in the post office&quot;. We can also say the same:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;in the post office = в почтовом отделении&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you say &quot;in the post&quot; it would most likely mean &quot;in the letter&quot;. In Russian a similar construction &quot;в почте&quot; means rather &quot;in the mail&quot; or &quot;in the correspondence&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one says in English &quot;on the post&quot; I do not know what it would mean, possibly &quot;at the place where people stand for their duties&quot;. And given that post office historically was one of such places, you should figure out why in Russian is is acceptable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-01-19T11:48:33.580" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T11:48:33.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11658" CreationDate="2016-01-19T11:51:35.007" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It came from the name of Roman goddess &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortuna&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fortuna&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T11:51:35.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11668" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-19T13:39:14.843" Score="1" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw the following sentence in a book and wondered if the inverted number and demonstrative had any marked emotive influence on the utterance, or is it just a neutral alternative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“И вот &lt;strong&gt;две эти отвратительные ведьмы&lt;/strong&gt; сидели и потягивали свой лимонад,&#xA;  время от времени покрикивая на Джеймса, чтобы он работал быстрее.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Excerpt From: Роальд Даль. “Джеймс и Персик-великан.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T14:04:47.433" Title="Meaning of inverted number and demonstrative" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11668" CreationDate="2016-01-19T14:17:33.127" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's a hyperbaton (inversion used to put emphasis on the first word).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both variants are grammatically correct, but this sentence stresses slightly that the hags were two, no less, no more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not that important for this very phrase (most probably, the translator used that to convey similar thing in &quot;there they sat&quot;), but in something like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Генерал на мгновение скис, красивое его лицо потемнело&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it's used to stress that the face is first &quot;good-looking&quot;, then &quot;his&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T14:17:33.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11670" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11672" CreationDate="2016-01-19T14:17:43.460" Score="6" ViewCount="299" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen &lt;strong&gt;увидал&lt;/strong&gt; used where one would use &lt;strong&gt;увидел&lt;/strong&gt;. Is there any difference in meaning, or perhaps register?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда он &lt;strong&gt;увидал&lt;/strong&gt; фото, он просто сломался.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T16:48:41.123" Title="Difference between &quot;(у)видать&quot; and &quot;(у)видеть&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11670" CreationDate="2016-01-19T14:23:06.917" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;увидал&quot; is just a demotic form of &quot;увидел&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2236" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T14:23:06.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11670" CreationDate="2016-01-19T15:58:44.137" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Perfective &lt;em&gt;увидать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;увидеть&lt;/em&gt; don't really differ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imperfective &lt;em&gt;Ты это видел?&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Ты это видал?&lt;/em&gt; would mean &quot;Did you see that&quot; and &quot;Have you seen that?&quot;, respectively. This I think is the closest thing Russian has to English perfect and simple past distinction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically, &lt;em&gt;видать&lt;/em&gt; is an iterative for &lt;em&gt;видеть&lt;/em&gt; (same as &lt;em&gt;летать / лететь&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;плавать / плыть&lt;/em&gt; etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this form is not productive in Russian anymore, so some of historical iteratives either have completely merged with their base forms (&lt;em&gt;стелить / стлать&lt;/em&gt;) or acquired idiomatic meanings like those above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-01-19T16:48:41.123" LastActivityDate="2016-01-19T16:48:41.123" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11673" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11686" CreationDate="2016-01-20T00:43:00.057" Score="3" ViewCount="246" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching a video, and in it, the girl asked, &quot;Что интересного произошло для вас в этом году?&quot; Why is genitive bring used here? I have another example: Много чего интересного. Can что in a sense be translated as &quot;thing&quot;? I often see что/чего being translated as &quot; thing&quot;. But I often see что being replaced with чего for no reason! Can the genitive be used as almost an &quot;abstract subject&quot;? I hope you understand my question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4925" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-01-20T05:28:27.113" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T08:19:21.413" Title="&quot;Чего интересного&quot; - why genitive?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11675" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11677" CreationDate="2016-01-20T09:31:02.293" Score="3" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am using slovar (book) and the auto-translate resources but can not narrow down what: &quot;предоставление&quot; means in this context. Is money involved in this or is it a loan?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sentence comes supposedly from a &quot;перечень&quot; at a train.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;предоставление постельного белья&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &quot;застилка и уборка постелей&quot;. I am curious what: &quot;застилка&quot; means in this context. If it is to clean, to cover or to make the bed? What is the most appropriate in this context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6603" LastEditorUserId="6603" LastEditDate="2016-01-20T10:06:54.313" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T08:55:29.947" Title="Meaning of the word: &quot;предоставление&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11676" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11678" CreationDate="2016-01-20T09:52:28.787" Score="16" ViewCount="4686" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen two words for &quot;car&quot; in Russian: &quot;машина&quot; and &quot;автомобиль&quot; or &quot;авто&quot;. Which is most common?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6603" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-01-21T07:09:32.953" LastActivityDate="2019-04-30T11:10:20.263" Title="What is most common word for &quot;car&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11675" CreationDate="2016-01-20T10:18:16.490" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;предоставление&lt;/code&gt; in this context would be &lt;code&gt;delivery&lt;/code&gt;, i.e. bed linen delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;застилка (постели)&lt;/code&gt; would be to make a bed in the evening (before going to sleep), &lt;code&gt;уборка (постели)&lt;/code&gt; is to make a bed in the morning (when you get up).&#xA;Just to elaborate more on that, there are corresponding verbs for that as well &lt;code&gt;застелить постель/кровать&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;убрать постель/кровать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4637" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T10:18:16.490" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11676" CreationDate="2016-01-20T10:21:48.730" Score="36" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word most common in speech is &lt;em&gt;машина&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Автомобиль&lt;/em&gt; is the &quot;right word&quot;, but it's long and unpopular. &lt;em&gt;Авто&lt;/em&gt; (unlike, say, its German counterpart) is not a &quot;real word&quot; on its own, but rather a spoken short form of &lt;em&gt;автомобиль&lt;/em&gt;, or just a prefix. It has its usage (say, in magazines), but generally it's far behind &lt;em&gt;машина&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also slanguish variants, of course. The most popular are &lt;em&gt;тачка&lt;/em&gt; (and its derivatives &lt;em&gt;тачила&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;точилка&lt;/em&gt; etc.) (cf. &quot;ride&quot; in &quot;Pimp My Ride&quot;) and &lt;em&gt;колёса&lt;/em&gt; (cf. &quot;wheels&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW. In XIX century speech &lt;em&gt;машина&lt;/em&gt; mostly denoted &quot;train&quot;. I bet, in the future when we won't have &quot;cars&quot; anymore, the word &lt;em&gt;машина&lt;/em&gt; will still be in use, meaning some kind of small spaceship and such.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="7547" LastEditDate="2019-04-30T11:10:20.263" LastActivityDate="2019-04-30T11:10:20.263" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11679" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11681" CreationDate="2016-01-20T10:51:14.450" Score="1" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;This another sentence from a train &quot;перечень&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Обеспечение чаем или кофе с сахаром в любое время суток по просьбе пассажиров.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my slovar the word: &quot;Обеспечение&quot; is not translated very good. They link it to commodities and social welfare, &quot;security&quot;, &quot;well being&quot; and &quot;reliability&quot; which in my opinion do not really fit this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could the word &quot;Обеспечение&quot; perhaps be translated into: &quot;Provision&quot;, to provide tea and coffee...on request.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reference to: &quot;at any time of the day&quot; in the sentence does that mean there is a 24hr service on the train or is it only during the daytime or up to bedtime?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6603" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T11:12:57.093" Title="The meaning of &quot;Обеспечение&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11679" CreationDate="2016-01-20T11:12:21.307" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your understanding of &lt;em&gt;обеспечение&lt;/em&gt; as &lt;em&gt;provision&lt;/em&gt; is right in this situation. Here it's sinonymous with &lt;em&gt;снабжение&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yes, there is a 24hr service on the train.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T11:12:21.307" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11679" CreationDate="2016-01-20T11:12:57.093" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First a side note: these kinds of documents are written in Russian officialese, which had been influenced by German and French. Normally, such nominalizations are not used in spoken language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Could the word &quot;Обеспечение&quot; perhaps be translated into: &quot;Provision&quot;, to provide tea and coffee...on request.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, it could, but that's not how you should translate it. This phrase just means &quot;passengers are provided tea or coffee and sugar any time of the day&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The reference to: &quot;at any time of the day&quot; in the sentence does that mean there is a 24hr service on the train or is it only during the daytime or up to bedtime?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, it does. There's always a conductor on duty who, sometimes a little bit reluctantly, would make you a glass of tea and bring it to your compartment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T11:12:57.093" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11682" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11684" CreationDate="2016-01-20T12:55:53.703" Score="2" ViewCount="197" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am still at the train. What is included into this phrase:&#xA;&quot;предоставление &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;постельного белья&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it include sheet, pillow holder et. cetera or is it only the bed sheet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6603" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T14:35:12.733" Title="Meaning of &quot;постельного белья&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11682" CreationDate="2016-01-20T13:05:56.303" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually when Russians talk about linen (&lt;code&gt;постельное бельё&lt;/code&gt;) it includes sheet, pillow-case and blanket cover. Since you're in the train you should also get a blanket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4637" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2016-01-20T14:35:12.733" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T14:35:12.733" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11682" CreationDate="2016-01-20T13:06:10.857" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A typical set used in trains now includes 2 bed sheets, a pillow holder, a quilt cover, and 2 towels. These you receive from the conductor, all packed in one plastic bag, and a mattress, a pillow, and a quilt are stored in every compartment on shelves high under the ceiling. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T13:06:10.857" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11685" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11687" CreationDate="2016-01-20T14:44:26.130" Score="1" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my text book there is a copy of a &quot;перечень&quot; at a train and one bullet on the list is:&#xA;&quot;Реализация периодической печати&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Реализация&quot; the проводник will be able to sell or borrow the passenger a newspaper or magazine?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What falls into the scope of: &quot;периодической печати&quot;? ((weekly/monthly) magazines/daily newspapers?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6603" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T14:58:18.840" Title="Реализация периодической печати" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11686" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11673" CreationDate="2016-01-20T14:50:41.233" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;'&lt;strong&gt;Чего&lt;/strong&gt;' rather refers to '&lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt;' here than to 'интересного'. The colloquial &lt;em&gt;set expression&lt;/em&gt; '&lt;strong&gt;много чего&lt;/strong&gt; (такого)' basically means 'many such things (one could ask of or be interested in - too many to name all of them or to answer completely)'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Что происходило в городе в этом году?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Много чего. (many things)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Что важного, интересного или неожиданного было в этом году?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Много чего такого. (plenty of that kind)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the genitive case of 'что' is adjusted for usage with the numeral 'много' (a noun in the place of this pronoun would have the same case). In your example the answer means 'many interesting things', with a flavour: too many for a simple answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T14:50:41.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11685" CreationDate="2016-01-20T14:58:18.840" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Реализация&lt;/em&gt; in this context is nominalized &lt;em&gt;реализовать&lt;/em&gt; which is officialese for &lt;em&gt;продавать&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;to sell&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Периодическая печать&lt;/em&gt; is, literally, &quot;periodicals&quot;: newspapers and magazines, but this would also usually include puzzle books, soft cover novels, that kind of stuff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This clause means that the conductor has to offer some print media for sale for you to read during your journey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T14:58:18.840" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11610" CreationDate="2016-01-20T17:15:47.177" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мочиться is a verb which means 'to take a leak'. Its not derogatory or indecent in any way. Мочить means 'to wet' or 'to make wet' but can also be used to mean other, unrelated things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6617" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T17:15:47.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11676" CreationDate="2016-01-20T18:26:28.033" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say that &quot;машина&quot; is the only correct version. &quot;автомобиль&quot; is completely dated and today is only used for affectation or humorous effect, while &quot;тачка&quot; and &quot;мотор&quot; is pure slang and could never be used formally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lots of terms related to cars though are formed with a prefixoid АВТО - such as &quot;автостоянка&quot; (car park); &quot;автозаправка&quot; (petrol station); &quot;автосервис&quot; (car repair) etc., etc. Note (in it's turn dated, but widely used in the 60s-80s) &quot;автолюбитель&quot; - literally &quot;car lover&quot; or &quot;car connoisseur&quot;, which meant simply a car owner - at a time, when car owners were few and far between.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't forget that &quot;машина&quot; also translates as &quot;machine&quot;, such as &quot;стиральная машина&quot; (washing machine), &quot;посудомоечная машина&quot; (dish washer) and so forth, as well as &quot;машина времени&quot; (time machine (as in science fiction); &quot;государственная машина&quot; (machinery of government), ect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope it helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6621" LastEditorUserId="6621" LastEditDate="2016-01-20T20:53:34.143" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T20:53:34.143" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11676" CreationDate="2016-01-20T18:46:12.807" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Автомобиль is the &quot;right word&quot;, but it's rarely used by the younger generation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Машина is used fairly often &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тачка is more like slang (like &quot;a ride&quot; in english)and people use this often&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You decide, anyone is okay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6622" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T18:46:12.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11676" CreationDate="2016-01-20T19:59:56.057" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Машина&lt;/code&gt; is the most common word. The word &lt;code&gt;Автомобиль&lt;/code&gt; is the official way of saying it. So if you would like to use it in informal conversation: use the word &lt;code&gt;машина&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;Тачка&lt;/code&gt;is used in jargon informal language that you might use with your close friends. Or not use at all. I wouldn't find the person who uses that word very attractive. So be careful&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;Колеса&lt;/code&gt; sounds like wheels and you should it use as often as you use this word in English. I can't say for sure but I pretty sure it's quite rare use of this word. It's fine to use these unless it has car contexts. &lt;code&gt;Колеса&lt;/code&gt; might also mean drugs to russian teenager's jargon unless you use the drug contexts, they might use this word in 15-20% so not that usual thing though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6623" LastEditorUserId="6624" LastEditDate="2016-01-20T22:36:23.533" LastActivityDate="2016-01-20T22:36:23.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11692" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11673" CreationDate="2016-01-21T08:19:21.413" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I often see что being replaced with чего for no reason! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, it is often used in informal language, I doubt you would see that in any kind of official text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6632" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T08:19:21.413" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11693" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7347" CreationDate="2016-01-21T10:32:41.437" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would use &lt;em&gt;скоростной&lt;/em&gt;. It has a slightly different meaning than &lt;em&gt;быстрейший&lt;/em&gt; (something is faster than usual), but in my opinion it sounds much better (more natural).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1640" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T10:32:41.437" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11676" CreationDate="2016-01-21T10:44:16.110" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;official: автомобиль, автомашина, автотранспортное средство. [typically can be легковые and грузовые].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;slang: жоповозка (a regular car), карета (a good car), ведро (a bad car), гроб (a very bed car), дизель (a diesel drive based car), джип (a 4WD enabled car), корыто (an old car), тазик (an AutoVAZ labeled car), лошадка (a working car), старушка (a beloved car), целка (a new car, or never used/crashed car), металлолом (a crashed car), дыра (a non economic car), помойка (a cheap, very second-hand car), кредитомобиль (a Ford Focus car), пиздовоз(ка) (a car with mostly girls inside), телега (a farm car), и т. д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;also distingushed by model, limited examples only: альмерочка, альмероид (Nissan Almera), [автомобиль] какашкой (Nissan Quashqai), калека (Reno Kaleos), мерин (a Mercedes Benze labeled car), чпокус (Ford Focus), газенваген (a Voltzwagen car), и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6634" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T10:44:16.110" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11695" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11697" CreationDate="2016-01-21T12:49:02.417" Score="5" ViewCount="3389" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do I pronounce the difference of и versus й? They sound very similar and I can't really hear a difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6250" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-05-06T14:01:40.893" LastActivityDate="2020-05-06T14:01:40.893" Title="&quot;И&quot; versus &quot;й&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11695" CreationDate="2016-01-21T12:56:00.173" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;и = &quot;i&quot;&#xA;й = more like &quot;y&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can understand the difference by listening how &quot;i&quot; and &quot;y&quot; sounds in two different words: &quot;boy&quot; and &quot;blink&quot;, in first case it will be &quot;boy&quot; = &quot;бой&quot; while in the second &quot;blink&quot; = &quot;блинк&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6635" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T12:56:00.173" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11697" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11695" CreationDate="2016-01-21T13:13:03.473" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian &quot;и&quot; is a vowel and sounds more like the double 'e' in &quot;tweet&quot;, while &quot;й&quot; is a consonant and sounds more like the first sound of &quot;young&quot;. Btw, you could try to listen to words at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lingvo-online.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.lingvo-online.ru/&lt;/a&gt; to hear the difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6632" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-05-06T08:48:35.043" LastActivityDate="2020-05-06T08:48:35.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11698" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11695" CreationDate="2016-01-21T14:27:11.967" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Oй&lt;/strong&gt; rhymes with &quot;joy&quot; and &lt;strong&gt;ои&lt;/strong&gt; rhymes with &quot;Joey&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6584" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T14:27:11.967" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11675" CreationDate="2016-01-21T15:31:34.610" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are nominalizations of verbs, so &lt;code&gt;застилка&lt;/code&gt; постели regards the process (or result, either way a noun) of bed-making.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between застилка and уборка, especially when compared in one sentence like this, can be that the former is about making the bed (putting on the linen) and the latter can be un-making it (clearing out the bedsheets and matresses, so it can be a sitting location during the day).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6641" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T15:31:34.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11700" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11702" CreationDate="2016-01-21T17:30:38.987" Score="5" ViewCount="356" Body="&lt;p&gt;From what I understand «зачем» means &quot;for what purpose&quot;, trying to distinguish between that and «для чего» does not translate well. Additionally, how does «зачем» compare with «почему»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6451" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-01-21T18:17:07.540" LastActivityDate="2016-01-29T04:46:13.813" Title="Uses for «для чего» and «зачем»? And uses for «зачем» and «почему»?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11700" CreationDate="2016-01-21T18:21:54.927" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both «зачем» and «для чего» in questions are synonyms and have the meaning &quot;for what purpose&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In contrast, «почему» means &quot;for what reason&quot; (or &quot;what is the reason&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T18:21:54.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11700" CreationDate="2016-01-21T18:26:22.543" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Зачем&lt;/strong&gt; refers for factual purpose while &lt;strong&gt;для чего&lt;/strong&gt; is for intended purpose (&lt;strong&gt;для чего эта кнопка?&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;what is this button for?&quot; vs. &lt;strong&gt;зачем ты нажал эту кнопку?&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;why did you press this button?&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Почему&lt;/strong&gt; asks for reasons or causes, not purposes — i.e. where meaningful intent is not involved (generally, anyway; you might come across some examples that blur these distinctions).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T18:26:22.543" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11700" CreationDate="2016-01-21T21:02:17.490" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Для чего = What for&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Почему = Why&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Зачем&lt;/em&gt; may mean either of two, though the latter belongs mostly to XIX century speech:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Зачем у вас я на примете?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Не потому ль, что в высшем свете&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Теперь являться я должна;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Что я богата и знатна...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-01-21T21:02:17.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11675" CreationDate="2016-01-22T08:55:29.947" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;предоставить is the official-style word meaning &quot;to give&quot;, &quot;to provide&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, предоставление is giving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T08:55:29.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11668" CreationDate="2016-01-22T09:59:17.017" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;эти две отвратительные ведьмы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Emphasis is on эти. These hags, not others. Those mentioned before. Maybe they are acting separately at different times and places or against each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;две эти отвратительные ведьмы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Emphasis is on две. They are two, it is notable that they are two, a pair, acting together. First you see two objects and then you figure out they are the hags in question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-01-22T14:04:47.433" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T14:04:47.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11706" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-22T18:42:51.543" Score="4" ViewCount="420" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Please explain the difference between those two actions.&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is that &lt;em&gt;спорить&lt;/em&gt; is in some way more objective, sober and with the true wish to find a solution for a problem while the other is more an emotional quarrel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5477" LastActivityDate="2016-02-09T19:53:09.283" Title="ссориться vs. спорить" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11706" CreationDate="2016-01-22T19:06:19.203" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're basically right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ссориться&lt;/em&gt;, however, might also mean &quot;to fall out&quot;, to stop being friends. It does not necessarily mean being actively involved in a dispute or a quarrel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T19:06:19.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11706" CreationDate="2016-01-22T19:32:27.303" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Спорить = Argue&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спорить doesn't mean to have more sober discussion at all. It can be heated or it can be calm. It means &lt;em&gt;to discuss&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;debate&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;strong&gt;ссориться = quarrel, bicker or even brawl&lt;/strong&gt;, which always has negative connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5373" LastActivityDate="2016-01-22T19:32:27.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11709" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11710" CreationDate="2016-01-22T21:27:18.263" Score="8" ViewCount="338" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a short text (i have skipped the listing of all the cities the train stops at) in my text book where they refer to: &quot;Это фирменный поезд.&quot; My slovar says that this type of train is owned in this context by a town. They also say that it could be owned by an organization or a specific firm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;How would you translate: &quot;Это фирменный поезд.&quot;? &quot;The firms train&quot;? or privately owned train company..&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Скорый поезд № 10 &quot;Байкал&quot; идёт от Москвы до Иркутска 72-76 часов (3,5 дня). Это фирменный поезд.&#xA;  :&#xA;  Фирменный поезд идёт быстрее обычного поезда, отправляются и приходит в удобное время, редко опаздывает и имеет лучший сервис. Он приходит всегда на первую платформу, и встречают его с музыкой. Несколько лет подряд поезд &quot;Байкал&quot; держит марку лучшего фирменного поезда России.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6603" LastEditorUserId="6603" LastEditDate="2016-01-22T22:28:51.283" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T07:08:19.710" Title="What does фирменный поезд mean" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11709" CreationDate="2016-01-22T22:17:23.923" Score="9" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How would you translate: &quot;Это фирменный поезд.&quot;? &quot;The firms train&quot;? or privately owned train company.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd translate it as &quot;premium train service&quot; or &quot;luxury train service&quot; (or, literally, &quot;signature train service&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's a legally defined concept in ex-Soviet rail service which designates some popular routes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such a route has to have a proper name (like &lt;em&gt;001/002 Красная Стрела&lt;/em&gt;, the first route of that kind), a livery, satisfy certain requirements to the rolling stock etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They usually have more convenient arrival and departure times, offer some perks like better linen and snacks, include a restaurant car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are of course also usually more expensive than ordinary routes (sometimes slightly, sometimes significantly) within the same car class.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am a little curious about how come they can offer faster train service. Do they stop at fewer stations and drive faster (have newer train) or perhaps make very short stops at each station?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They make shorter stops on the stations and have priority over other routes (if the line is to be shared by a premium and an ordinary route, the ordinary one has to wait). This means trains on ordinary routes just move slower, as yielding to the premiums is expected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They also refer in the text about that they greet the train with music. Is this common in Russia? I read somewhere in another text in that music was played when that specific train was leaving its starting point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, this is quite common on those routes. They do play Gliere's &quot;Hymn to the Great City&quot; when &lt;em&gt;001/002 Красная Стрела&lt;/em&gt; arrives to St. Petersburg, and &quot;Farewell of Slavianka&quot; when &lt;em&gt;31/32 Тамбов&lt;/em&gt; departs from eponymous Tambov.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-01-25T20:42:23.273" LastActivityDate="2016-01-25T20:42:23.273" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11695" CreationDate="2016-01-23T00:59:12.660" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russians transliterate &lt;em&gt;boy&lt;/em&gt; as &lt;em&gt;бой&lt;/em&gt;. A word &lt;em&gt;бои&lt;/em&gt; is a plural form of &lt;em&gt;бой&lt;/em&gt;, and is pronounced distinctly differently somewhat like &lt;em&gt;buyee&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; is a vowel and sounds longer than consonant &lt;em&gt;й&lt;/em&gt;. Your confusion stems from the feature of Russian pronunciation when Russian stick invisible &lt;em&gt;й&lt;/em&gt; in front of many vowels, which makes it sound a little longer.  For instance, when Russians say &lt;em&gt;ем&lt;/em&gt; (I'm eating), they actually say something like &lt;em&gt;yem&lt;/em&gt;. So in the first example &lt;em&gt;бои&lt;/em&gt; has that invisible &lt;em&gt;й&lt;/em&gt; in front of &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2016-01-23T00:59:12.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11712" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-23T03:39:14.617" Score="1" ViewCount="192" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have looked at the conjugation page for this verb (&lt;a href=&quot;http://cooljugator.com/ru/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt; &quot;Cooljugator&quot;&lt;/a&gt;), but this form of the verb seems to not be present on the page.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5898" LastActivityDate="2016-05-09T19:04:43.967" Title="What form of &quot;подъехать&quot; is &quot;подвести&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11714" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-23T17:31:13.623" Score="4" ViewCount="2506" Body="&lt;p&gt;is it true that бы replace the use of &quot;would&quot; or &quot;would've&quot; in English? someone told me that and give me those examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would've done it = я бы хотел это делать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to read = я бы хотел читать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is that true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5924" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-03-19T09:33:06.810" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T09:33:06.810" Title="When to use &quot;бы&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11714" CreationDate="2016-01-24T07:50:34.850" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not (always) true. Mainly because proper translation is expressing the same sense by means of another language, so generally, it can't be limited to &lt;em&gt;replacing words&lt;/em&gt;. For example, in English '&lt;strong&gt;would&lt;/strong&gt;' can be used to express repeated (usual) action of main verb in the past, and the Russian version of that &lt;em&gt;never&lt;/em&gt; takes &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt;. A quote from a book:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When I was 8, my father &lt;strong&gt;would&lt;/strong&gt; come home in the evening and I &lt;strong&gt;would&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  always be sitting, waiting, in my numbered shirt and baseball cap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Когда мне было 8 лет, отец [обычно, бывало] приходил домой вечером, а я всегда сидел и ждал его в майке с номером и бейсболке.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your examples. The second one is about correct in translation (maybe &quot;я хотел бы заняться чтением&quot; would sound more natural). The first one expresses unused possibility to complete an action in the past (not a desire to do smth. in nearest future) and needs a perfective verb in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I would've done it = я бы (уже) это сделал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-01-24T07:50:34.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11714" CreationDate="2016-01-24T21:10:36.327" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;is it true that бы replace the use of &quot;would&quot; or &quot;would've&quot; in English? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, this statement is incorrect. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The particle &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; and its short form &lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt; are used to speak about something hypothetical, so sometimes it can have the meaning of &quot;would&quot; and &quot;would have&quot; but generally they have the meaning of English constructs which use verbs in their corresponding past tense to describe something hypothetical or in a more polite way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;If I were you, I would be happy &lt;code&gt;Если б(ы) я был тобой, я был бы счастлив&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;Here you can see two instances of &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; and they are presented as the past and future in the past tense of &lt;code&gt;be&lt;/code&gt;: were and would be&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I could have done this before. &lt;code&gt;Я б(ы) мог это сделать раньше&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. Here once again you can see the occurrence of &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt; and no &quot;would&quot; or &quot;would have&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Could you give me a pen? &lt;code&gt;Могли бы вы дать мне ручку?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Here we have &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; exactly with the same meaning which &quot;could&quot; has opposed to &quot;can&quot; in English. This is a more polite way to ask something.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also these letter combinations &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; and a single &lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt; can be heard in the conjunctions &lt;code&gt;чтобы&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;чтоб&lt;/code&gt;. In spoken language they can be misunderstood as the standalone particles &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;In order to be healthy one should work out. &lt;code&gt;Чтобы быть здоровым, надо заниматься физкультурой.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;I have decided to do it today so that I can rest tomorrow. &lt;code&gt;Я решил сделать это сегодня, чтоб отдыхать завтра.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; They are used to combine the secondary part of a sentence (which passes info about a purpose of something or that something is desirable, acceptable etc.) and its main part&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I would've done it = я бы хотел это делать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This translation is incorrect. It means &lt;code&gt;Я бы это сделал&lt;/code&gt;. There is nothing about &quot;to want&quot; (&lt;code&gt;хотеть&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;хотел&lt;/code&gt; - the past form)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorUserId="179" LastEditDate="2016-01-25T19:22:44.507" LastActivityDate="2016-01-25T19:22:44.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11717" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11718" CreationDate="2016-01-24T22:26:06.463" Score="3" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Question 1:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Forms like these (Verbal Adverb) &lt;strong&gt;&quot;ударяв, ударявши&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; are often listed for verbs on викисловарь but i've never seen them in a grammar book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&#xA;разделяв, разделявши&#xA;делав, делавши&#xA; and so on&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm aware that perfective verbs have these forms—сделав, ударив, разделив and so on, which basically mean &quot;having done X&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what does it mean when an imperfective verb has this form? Is it just an old form? Does it mean something like &quot;having been saying, doing x&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Question 2:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And what about this form &lt;strong&gt;делённый, from делить&lt;/strong&gt;. As far as I know, only perfective verbs can form these structures—e.g., &lt;strong&gt;разделённый итд&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When should I expect to see imperfective verbs with this form (Past Passive Participle) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2016-01-24T22:41:28.290" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T10:15:13.747" Title="Which part of speech? ударяв, ударявши" Tags="&lt;participle&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11718" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11717" CreationDate="2016-01-25T08:38:59.460" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But what does it mean when an imperfective verb has this form? Is it just an old form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, mostly yes. These forms are normal for perfective verbs. For imperfective ones they rather belong to XIX century. Basically, you should use imperfective in present tense only (e.g. &quot;делая&quot;), switching to perfective if past tense required (e.g. &quot;сделав&quot; or &quot;сделавши&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And what about this form делённый, from делить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a &lt;em&gt;passive&lt;/em&gt; participle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As far as I know, only perfective verbs can form these structures&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, imperfective verbs can do it too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When should I expect to see imperfective verbs with this form (Past Passive Participle)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a question about differentiating between participles and adjectives. Sometimes it's a problem even for native speakers. Roughly saying, participle is a &quot;verb-thing&quot;; that's, if a sentence is about action, it's a participle, if it's about quality, it's an adjective. The most common sign of the former is an existence of dependent words. I.e. &quot;&lt;em&gt;белённый&lt;/em&gt; известью потолок&quot; is participle; &quot;&lt;em&gt;белёный&lt;/em&gt; потолок&quot; is adjective (note different spelling).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To say it short, past passive participle is &quot;almost&quot; an adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="104" LastEditDate="2016-01-26T10:15:13.747" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T10:15:13.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11717" CreationDate="2016-01-25T10:33:10.073" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what does it mean when an imperfective verb has this form? Is it just an old form? Does it mean something like &amp;quot;having been saying, doing x&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually you can replace them with a present form. While according to the most purist points of view that might be considered a misuse, it's pretty acceptable almost everywhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both these forms are equally acceptable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Делав свою работу, он останавливался каждые полчаса.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Делая свою работу, он останавливался каждые полчаса.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in some cases both past and imperfective are required grammatically. For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Никогда не делав такой работы, он не знал, с чего начать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, &lt;em&gt;никогда&lt;/em&gt; has nuances in meaning depending on the tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Никогда не делал&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;I never did this before (though I might do that in future)&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Никогда не делаю&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;I never do this (didn't do before and not going to)&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Никогда не сделаю&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;I will never do this (though I might have done this before)&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the example above, both imperfective and past are required to give the sentence the right (first) meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-01-25T10:39:16.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11720" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11721" CreationDate="2016-01-26T01:21:22.910" Score="6" ViewCount="1022" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a slovar and I have asked people I know but I get all kind of answers. How to say in Russian: &quot;I have a blog&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6603" LastActivityDate="2017-12-28T06:20:48.643" Title="How to say that you have a blog in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11720" CreationDate="2016-01-26T01:58:11.073" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;У меня есть блог&lt;/code&gt; appears to be the most exact translation. &lt;code&gt;Я веду блог&lt;/code&gt; is also an option. The latter variant is even closer to English &lt;code&gt;I have...&lt;/code&gt; clause and it sounds natural to Russian, unlike literal translation &lt;code&gt;Я имею блог&lt;/code&gt;. Please do not use &lt;code&gt;я имею...&lt;/code&gt; in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your intend to introduce yourself as a blogger in an oral conversation, then just &lt;code&gt;я - блоггер&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;I'm a blogger&lt;/code&gt;) will be OK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="464" LastEditorUserId="464" LastEditDate="2016-01-26T02:14:15.840" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T02:14:15.840" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7241" CreationDate="2016-01-26T05:36:29.390" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can find the declension of any noun, adjective, and the conjugation of any verb on &lt;a href=&quot;http://rifmovnik.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; site. Just enter a word (in any form) in the top field and select словоформы from the dropdown menu that reads рифмы by default. You will see the stress indicated in red type for every single form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Enjoy!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T05:36:29.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2998" CreationDate="2016-01-26T07:57:34.857" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;в технике, в патентоведении, [the] state of the art = уровень техники. следует различать, т. к. state-of-the-art (с дефисами) = современный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в написании технических/научных курсовых/диссертаций, Literature review / State of the art правильнее переводить как &quot;Патентно-информационный поиск&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6662" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T07:57:34.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11724" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11725" CreationDate="2016-01-26T11:15:54.277" Score="12" ViewCount="1922" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I can tell, Russian has no word for 'grandparents' the same way as it has Родители, and you are stuck saying Бабушка и дедушка if you're talking about your grandparents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if you're saying something like &quot;the country was built by the grandparents of the current residents&quot;? (as an example)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surely there is a less cumbersome word that can be used here!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6664" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-01-26T11:59:24.903" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T13:57:28.647" Title="Appropriate term for 'grandparents'?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11724" CreationDate="2016-01-26T11:57:52.767" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imho, there is no precise analgue for 'grandparents' in Russian. I think you should use word &quot;предки&quot; in your example. &quot;страна была построена предками нынешних жителей&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6665" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T11:57:52.767" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11720" CreationDate="2016-01-26T12:03:28.523" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer by Sergey I'd also add that you'd rather use &lt;code&gt;Я веду блог&lt;/code&gt; if you want to imply that you're an active blogger, because &lt;code&gt;У меня есть блог&lt;/code&gt; may also mean that you have a blog, but you are not posting actively or even abandoned it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user4820" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T12:03:28.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11724" CreationDate="2016-01-26T12:08:01.613" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian does not have a collective word from &quot;grandparents&quot; indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are speaking about grandparents' achievements, synecdoches like &lt;em&gt;деды&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;отцы и деды&lt;/em&gt; could be used: &lt;em&gt;страну построили отцы и деды тех, кто населяет её теперь&lt;/em&gt;. (&quot;Synecdoche&quot; means using a word for part to name the whole or vice versa).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T12:08:01.613" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1698" CreationDate="2016-01-26T12:29:57.400" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Можно использовать словосочетание &quot;принимающая сторона&quot;, хотя это звучит достаточно официально.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6665" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T12:29:57.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11724" CreationDate="2016-01-26T14:03:17.683" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Plural &lt;strong&gt;старики&lt;/strong&gt; (English: &lt;code&gt;old people&lt;/code&gt;) in conjunction with the relative pronoun can be used in the colloquial with a sense of &lt;code&gt;old parents&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;grandparents&lt;/code&gt; (also &lt;code&gt;parents&lt;/code&gt; in the youth slang):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Слушай, а что же твои старики?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дорогие мои старики, дайте я вас сейчас расцелую!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plural &lt;strong&gt;отцы&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;праотцы&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;деды&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;прадеды&lt;/strong&gt; can be used as an archaism with a sense of &lt;strong&gt;предки&lt;/strong&gt; (English: &lt;code&gt;ancestors&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;previous generation&lt;/code&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как жили деды да прадеды, так и нам жить велели.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Бог Авраама и Исаака и Иакова, Бог отцов наших, прославил Сына Своего Иисуса.(&lt;a href=&quot;https://azbyka.ru/biblia/?Act.3:13&amp;amp;a~r&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Деян.3:13&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6107" LastEditorUserId="6107" LastEditDate="2018-12-16T13:57:28.647" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T13:57:28.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="11730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11700" CreationDate="2016-01-26T14:35:07.183" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Зачем is about a purpose and почему is about circumstances&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine you meet friend in shop and ask him why is he came there. And this dialogue is happened:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Зачем ты здесь / Why you are here?&#xA;- Купить молока / To buy a milk&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or it can be that way&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Почему ты здесь / Why you are here?&#xA;- У меня кончилось молоко / I ran out of milk&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is subtle and you can almost always replace one with the other without any problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4803" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-01-29T04:46:13.813" LastActivityDate="2016-01-29T04:46:13.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11731" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11736" CreationDate="2016-01-26T20:34:28.223" Score="6" ViewCount="305" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have always considered &lt;strong&gt;летающий&lt;/strong&gt; the derived adjective/active participle of &lt;strong&gt;летать&lt;/strong&gt;. However, today I came across the following passage: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В него попал какой-то &lt;strong&gt;летящий&lt;/strong&gt; обломок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;He was pelted by some piece of flying debris&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are they in fact interchangeable, or is this a typo? If not, what is the difference, if any, in their usage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-01-26T22:11:16.860" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T23:02:24.173" Title="&quot;летящий&quot; versus &quot;летающий&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11731" CreationDate="2016-01-26T20:36:47.850" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Летящий&lt;/code&gt; - means flying right now.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Летящий обломок&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Самолет, летящий в южном направлении&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Летающий&lt;/code&gt; - means able to fly.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Летающий кран&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Самолет, ежедневно летающий по маршруту Москва - Нью-Йорк&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T20:36:47.850" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11733" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11735" CreationDate="2016-01-26T20:51:31.297" Score="11" ViewCount="344" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is potentially a very stupid question: I'm guessing &lt;strong&gt;ДНК&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced &lt;strong&gt;дээнка́&lt;/strong&gt;. As such, is it treated grammatically as a feminine noun, or is it invariable? In other words, do you say &lt;strong&gt;в его дээнке́&lt;/strong&gt; , &lt;strong&gt;инопланетяне взяли мою дээнку́&lt;/strong&gt; , etc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I ask this because I've only ever seen it in writing, I've never heard anyone actually say it :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-01-26T21:36:25.317" LastActivityDate="2016-01-28T20:42:33.527" Title="Declension of &quot;ДНК&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11733" CreationDate="2016-01-26T20:55:49.997" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As with most initialisms, it is invariable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В его &lt;em&gt;дээнка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Инопланетане взяли мою &lt;em&gt;дээнка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-01-27T14:21:27.383" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T14:21:27.383" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11733" CreationDate="2016-01-26T22:08:36.463" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This very initialism is invariable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are some acronyms like &lt;em&gt;ЗАГС&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;БОМЖ&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ТЭН&lt;/em&gt; etc. which do decline as any other noun would, and in fact many Russian speakers are unaware those are initialisms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is more common for initialisms which would have been masculine if they were nouns, however, &lt;em&gt;ЧК&lt;/em&gt; used to decline as well in early XX century (&lt;em&gt;забрали в чеку, арестован чекой&lt;/em&gt; etc.), and the acronym &lt;em&gt;з/к&lt;/em&gt; gave birth to the (masculine) word &lt;em&gt;зек&lt;/em&gt; &quot;inmate&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is even a vernacular word &lt;em&gt;касемсот&lt;/em&gt; &quot;a heavy tractor&quot;, which originates from &lt;em&gt;К-700&lt;/em&gt;, a heavy tractor manufactured in Leningrad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It declines and is in every other way treated as a noun, you can find ads saying &lt;em&gt;продам касемсот модели К-701&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-01-28T17:00:56.220" LastActivityDate="2016-01-28T17:00:56.220" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11731" CreationDate="2016-01-26T23:02:24.173" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Летающий&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;летящий&lt;/em&gt; are formed from two different verbs: &lt;em&gt;летать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;лететь&lt;/em&gt; (the former being an iterative for the latter).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's similar to English &quot;sniffle / sniff, shuffle / shove&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this particular iterative participle also acquired an idiomatic meaning: it means not only &quot;flying repeatedly&quot; but also &quot;able to fly&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adjectives meaning &quot;able to&quot; or &quot;inherently doing smth.&quot; are in number of cases formed by using suffix &lt;em&gt;-уч/-юч&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;горючий / горящий, кипучий / кипящий, гремучий / гремящий&lt;/em&gt; etc., &lt;em&gt;летучий / летящий&lt;/em&gt; being no exception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;em&gt;летающий&lt;/em&gt; has two meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adjective &quot;able to fly&quot;, synonymous to &lt;em&gt;летучий&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;летающая тарелка&lt;/em&gt; &quot;flying saucer&quot;, &lt;em&gt;летающая крепость&lt;/em&gt; &quot;flying fortress&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Participle &quot;flying repeatedly or continuously&quot;: &lt;em&gt;Летающий в ночи&lt;/em&gt; &quot;The Night Flier&quot;, &lt;em&gt;часто летающий пассажир&lt;/em&gt; &quot;frequent flier&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Летящий&lt;/em&gt; is a participle meaning &quot;flying at the moment&quot;: &lt;em&gt;астероид, летящий по направлению к Земле&lt;/em&gt; &quot;an asteroid flying towards Earth&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-01-26T23:02:24.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11724" CreationDate="2016-01-27T04:59:53.917" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can use &quot;Деды&quot;. With stress on last Ы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6672" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T04:59:53.917" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11739" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-01-27T09:20:29.643" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following list contains all you need to get started with Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Websites &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.langust.ru/rus_gram/rus_gram.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Langust&lt;/a&gt; - short Russian grammar&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gazeta.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;lib.ru&lt;/a&gt;, Библиотека Максима Мошкова, the largest Russian library in the Internet history.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pravda.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;learnrussianweb.com&lt;/a&gt;, a site for learning Russian&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lenta.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;masterrussian.com&lt;/a&gt;, Russian lessons, vocabulary, test, forum&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikinews.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Памятка корректору&lt;/a&gt; - quick reference on most common Russian grammatical, syntax and spelling mistakes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;learnrussian.rt.com&lt;/a&gt;, Russian lessons. Online and free.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russki-mat.net/e/Russian.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ruskie.info&lt;/a&gt; - Russian lessons built around Russian news and realities.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.openrussian.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ruslang.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruspeach.com/handbook/podcasts/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ruspeach.com&lt;/a&gt; - Ruspeach is an online Russian Language learning resource. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dallasisd.org/Page/2144&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian For Everyone&lt;/a&gt; - Russian language self study guide for beginners&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/user/vanilla167333&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Language History&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianlessons.net&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Lessons&lt;/a&gt; - Grammar, vocabulary lists and texts (in Russian and English side-by-side). Tests are read out loud by native speakers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russian.morpheem.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Morpheem&lt;/a&gt; – a searchable, hypertext-style index of all grammar and vocabulary up to intermediate level. Free.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://fsi-languages.yojik.eu/languages/russian.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian National Corpus search&lt;/a&gt; - allows to search for examples of a word usage and the word collocations.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://speakfluentrussian.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tsya.ru&lt;/a&gt; - website dedicated to the most problematic rule.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russianforeveryone.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;udarenie.info&lt;/a&gt; - database of words with stresses marked + linguistic game to remember correct stresses; search function is based on gramota.ru.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russian.lingualift.com/blog/best-russian-learning-resources/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;100 top resources to learn Russian&lt;/a&gt; - a list of online and print resources, categorized by type and level&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/russian/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BBC Russian Language Service&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.convertcyrillic.com/linkerizer.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Convertcyrillic.com&lt;/a&gt;, a tool for students to easily look up multiple Russian words.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russian-1000words.pw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Learn to speak Russian&lt;/a&gt; - Russian learning site that provides a lot of helpful lessons and other information, including original course from beginning to confident level, and original books. The blog of Russian-1000words.pw contains a lot of different information on Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Online courses &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruspeach.com/handbook/podcasts/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Babbel&lt;/a&gt; - beautiful resource for language learning. They've just added new Russian courses.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gazeta.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Busuu&lt;/a&gt; — online language learning site. Basic profile is free.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pravda.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Duolingo&lt;/a&gt; - free language courses delivered via web-based and mobile applications. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lenta.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Edufire/languages/Russian&lt;/a&gt; — a site where you can try and find a teacher of Russian with whom you later connect via edufire web-site or Skype. (For-pay.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikinews.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Memrise&lt;/a&gt; — a spaced repetition learning website. It has several Russian courses. It is mainly just memorizing vocabulary.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;RussianForFree.com&lt;/a&gt; — free lessons from basic level to advanced, texts with audio, grammar, activities, and much more. No Sign-up required either.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russki-mat.net/e/Russian.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian LinguaLift&lt;/a&gt; — online Russian textbook, spaced repetition tools and educational games. (For-pay.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.openrussian.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian World&lt;/a&gt; — video lectures of 2 years of Russian language courses from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dallasisd.org/Page/2144&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dallas ISD&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/user/vanilla167333&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Easy Russian&lt;/a&gt; - regularly updated YouTube channel. Conversational Russian with Russian and English subtitles.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://fsi-languages.yojik.eu/languages/russian.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian FSI Course&lt;/a&gt; - Russian language course that was developed by US Foreign Service Institute.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://speakfluentrussian.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fluent in Russian&lt;/a&gt; - free audio lessons in the form of questions and answers for developing speaking and listening skills, as well as grammar and vocabulary.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russianforeveryone.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian For Everyone&lt;/a&gt; - Russian language self study guide for beginners.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Dictionaries &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruspeach.com/handbook/podcasts/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ABBYY Lingvo.ru&lt;/a&gt;, multilingual dictionary.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gazeta.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Academic&lt;/a&gt;, an extensive collection of Russian dictionaries&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pravda.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gramota&lt;/a&gt;, grammar reference and more&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lenta.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;lurkmore.to&lt;/a&gt;, russian lurkmore: an on-line encyclopedia of interesting facts, focused on memes (stable ideas and expressions) of runet.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikinews.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Multitran&lt;/a&gt;, great translations for English-Russian, German-Russian, and includes grammatical tables, but doesn't mark stress&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ru.wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;, online dictionary and grammatical tables&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russki-mat.net/e/Russian.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Пиздец!&lt;/a&gt; - Russian-English slang dictionary | Словарь русского мата и неформального языка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.openrussian.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Open Russian&lt;/a&gt; - English-Russian and German-Russian dictionary with examples, declension and stressmarks.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Textbooks &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;German: MOCT - Modernes Russisch - Aktualisierte Ausgabe: Modernes Russisch. Moct 1. Arbeitsbuch mit 2 Audio-CDs: Niveau A1-A2. ISBN: 978-3125275669&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mgu-russian.com/elibrary/ru/online:4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The online library of the Russian as Foreign Language Faculty site of the Lomonosov Moscow State University&lt;/a&gt;. You can find references to many good textbooks there. However, the access is only open to those who visit their courses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sputniktextbook.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sputnik: An Introductory Russian Language Course&lt;/a&gt;.  Designed to develop basic reading, writing, listening and communication skills. A free complementary website comes with a lot of sounds and quizzes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Newspapers &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikinews.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Викиновости&lt;/a&gt;, online free news anyone can edit - Russian section of the site&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gazeta.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Газета.ру&lt;/a&gt;, online Russian newspaper&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruspeach.com/handbook/podcasts/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Известия.ру&lt;/a&gt;, Russian newspaper&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lenta.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Лента.ру&lt;/a&gt;, online Russian newspaper&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.pravda.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Правда.ру&lt;/a&gt;, Russian newspaper.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Audiobooks &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruspeach.com/handbook/podcasts/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ruspeach.com&lt;/a&gt; - vocalized works of great Russian classics and modern authors. Ruspeach website is translated in 9 languages and it is developing and improving everyday.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/833/resources-for-learning-russian&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="9603" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T15:57:41.103" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T15:57:41.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11740" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-01-27T09:20:29.643" Score="0" Body="Questions requesting external resources for educational purposes such as websites, software or hardware." OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-01-27T16:11:50.367" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T16:11:50.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11741" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-01-27T09:26:47.457" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-01-27T09:26:47.457" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T09:26:47.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11742" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-01-27T09:26:47.457" Score="0" Body="Questions about meaning and different forms of verbs. A verb is a part of speech used to describe an action, state, or occurrence." OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-01-27T16:11:39.163" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T16:11:39.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11743" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-01-27T09:31:02.517" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-01-27T09:31:02.517" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T09:31:02.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11744" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-01-27T09:31:02.517" Score="0" Body="Questions which a dictionary cannot answer about set phrases with unusual meanings that can't be properly understood just from the separate words in them." OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-01-27T16:11:47.167" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T16:11:47.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11745" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11747" CreationDate="2016-01-27T10:41:30.097" Score="5" ViewCount="1147" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently finished the whole concept behind the verbs of motion in the Russian language. Putting a different prefix in front of the verb changes the meaning so to speak. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;по  &#xA;в / вы &#xA;под / от  &#xA;при / у  &#xA;с / рас  &#xA;про / пере  &#xA;за / обо  &#xA;до&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the past I learned of course other verbs like &lt;code&gt;read&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;drink&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;eat&lt;/code&gt; for example. I hadn’t  understood why they would have different prefixes and what this would mean. So I just wrote them in my textbook and used them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I’m aware of mostly all this prefixes I think yet I’m really doleful about the fact that I mostly have to learn every verb from the beginning right? Anyway, I’m struggling here right now. I notice more and more verbs from day to day which have the same stem but a different prefix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past I would only now &lt;code&gt;пить&lt;/code&gt; for &lt;code&gt;to drink&lt;/code&gt; and I have to learn the same verb with each of these prefixes. This fact really removes energy from me and I would like to know what is the best practice to learn all those other verbs, besides the verbs of motions, with all the prefixes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I learned that &lt;code&gt;to drink up&lt;/code&gt; would be &lt;code&gt;выпивать / выпить&lt;/code&gt;. From the prefix &lt;code&gt;вы-&lt;/code&gt; I could conclude logically that is means something like &lt;code&gt;to go out / out&lt;/code&gt;, so therefore it can be &lt;code&gt;drink something up&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;попить  &#xA;впить / выпить &#xA;подпить / отпить  &#xA;припить / упить  &#xA;спить / распить  &#xA;пропить / перепить  &#xA;запить / обопить  &#xA;допить&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is one supposed to learn all the meanings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6381" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T14:09:27.577" Title="The concept behind prefixes &amp; verbs in the Russian language" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2016-01-28T02:20:52.553" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11745" CreationDate="2016-01-27T13:15:24.350" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have two suggestions for you: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can enter the prefixed forms of your new verbs in &lt;a href=&quot;http://context.reverso.net/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Reverso Context&lt;/a&gt; in order to see how that verb is used in different contexts. A lot of the material on this site is from movies, so there is also a lot of colloquial context, aside from the more literal examples. Note that you can search individual words, or entire phrases or sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, you can search for the individual prefixes in &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4&amp;amp;all=x&amp;amp;lop=x&amp;amp;bts=x&amp;amp;zar=x&amp;amp;ag=x&amp;amp;ab=x&amp;amp;sin=x&amp;amp;lv=x&amp;amp;az=x&amp;amp;pe=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt; and see the basic meanings imparted by said prefix, with examples. This site is all in Russian, so if it's too advanced for you, you can simple cut and paste the entire entry in Google Translate to get the basic gist. When searching for prefixes, be sure to choose the entry that says &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;приставка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, since most prefixes are also prepositions. This is what the entry for the prefix &lt;strong&gt;под&lt;/strong&gt;- looks like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ПОД&lt;/strong&gt;...; &lt;strong&gt;ПОДО&lt;/strong&gt;... (перед односложными корнями: подобреть, подогрев, подоспеть; перед некоторыми группами согласных: подопрелый, подостлать, подоткнуть); &lt;strong&gt;ПОДЪ&lt;/strong&gt;... (перед гласными е, ё, ю, я: подъехать, подъёмник, подъязычный), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;приставка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. I. (служит для образования глаг.). 1. Указывает на направленность действия, движения снизу вверх. Подбросить, подпрыгнуть. 2. Указывает на совершение действия снизу, внизу. Подложить, подставить, подтечь. 3. Указывает на распространение действия на низ чего-л. Подкопать (дерево), подмочить, подшить. 4. Указывает на приближение к кому-, чему-л. Подбежать, подползти. 5. Указывает на добавление, прибавление. Подлить, подмешать, подсыпать. 6. Указывает на добавочное действие с целью улучшения результата. Подварить, подвинтить, подгладить. 7. Указывает на совершение действия или проявление состояния в ослабленной степени. Подгореть, полечиться, подмокнуть, подправить, подсохнуть. 8. Указывает на совершение действия тайком, скрытно. Подглядеть, подговорить, подкараулить, подкрасться, подслушать. 9. Указывает на совершение действия вслед за чем-л. как повторение или сопровождение действия кого-л. другого. Подвывать, поддакивать, подыгрывать, подпевать. 10. (с частицей -ся). Указывает на совершение действия с целью добиться расположения кого-л. Подольститься, подслужиться. II. (служит для образования прил. и сущ.). 1. Вносит зн.: расположенный, находящийся ниже поверхности чего-л., под чем-л. Подземелье, подводный, подкожный. 2. Вносит зн.: расположенный, находящийся в непосредственной близости от чего-л. Подгородный, подтропики. 3. Вносит зн.: представляющий собой часть, отделение какого-л. целого. Подкласс, подкомитет, подобласть, подотдел, подразделение. 4. Вносит зн.: находящийся в чьём-л. ведении, в сфере чего-л. Поднадзорный, подопытный, подследственный. 5. Вносит зн.: имеющий звание ниже другого, являющийся помощником кого-л. по какому-л. занятию, должности и т.п. Подполковник, подмастерье. 6. Вносит зн.: приближающийся по признакам, свойствам и т.п. к кому-, чему-л. Подлещик, подгруздь, подкотик. III. (служит для образования нареч.). Вносит зн. полноты признака. Подчистую. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T13:15:24.350" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11745" CreationDate="2016-01-27T14:09:27.577" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally, prefixes modify verbs dependently on their meanings, for example &quot;&lt;strong&gt;пере-&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; added to the verb &quot;читать&quot; mainly points at &lt;strong&gt;repeating&lt;/strong&gt; the action, while &quot;перепить&quot; with that very prefix gives the meaning '(to have drunk) &lt;strong&gt;too much&lt;/strong&gt; (alcohol)' and the meaning of &quot;пере-&quot; is absolutely different in the word &quot;перерезать&quot; (to &lt;strong&gt;cut&lt;/strong&gt; something lengthy in &lt;strong&gt;half&lt;/strong&gt; or to cut &lt;strong&gt;everything&lt;/strong&gt; in pieces). Having a list of prefix meanings will not help you to define exact meanings of existing prefixed verbs or to build modified verbs you weren't familiar with - it can't be that simple. It's much the same as with Chinese characters: most of them have a number of meanings but you can't combine them into 2-syllable words as you wish, based only on a meaning selected from the list. So you still have to learn words with prefixes, same as in English one must know the meanings of particular verbs in combination with prepositions, as well as which prepositions really combine with those verbs in living language (the subject of collocation dictionaries).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-01-27T14:09:27.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11733" CreationDate="2016-01-28T07:58:24.357" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I listened lectures by antropologist Станислав Дробышевский - he makes many witty remarks in his speech. He (and some other scientists) change ДНК in his speech (maybe because it sounds fun, or, maybe, because it is some kind of jargon): &quot;Просеквенировали дээнку неандертальцев&quot;, &quot;нашли в дээнке современных людей следы дээнки кроманьонцев&quot;, etc. (example: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGOG3Lm5FJw&amp;amp;t=43m30&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Расшифровка генома древнего человека&lt;/a&gt;) So, in fact, you can hear someone declining ДНК as if it is feminine noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, anyway, this was the only time I have heard such usage. I have never heard such usage on TV, in popular science movies or in speech of any people I met in person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2016-01-28T20:42:33.527" LastActivityDate="2016-01-28T20:42:33.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11750" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11811" CreationDate="2016-01-28T17:08:26.007" Score="3" ViewCount="224" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do these two words share the same root, or are there two different roots at play?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditDate="2017-11-22T10:17:36.787" LastActivityDate="2017-11-22T10:17:36.787" Title="Root of the words присутствовать and существо" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11750" CreationDate="2016-01-28T17:14:32.977" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Похоже, что оба слова происходят из одного корня, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.classes.ru/all-russian/russian-dictionary-Vasmer-term-10331.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;сѫшти, сущий&lt;/a&gt;. Но я не уверена, что считается корнем слова &quot;присутствовать&quot; в современном языке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2016-01-28T17:14:32.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11750" CreationDate="2016-01-28T17:51:00.537" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;That depends on what you mean by &quot;root&quot; here. Historically, yes, they are of the same root. But &lt;em&gt;сущий / существо&lt;/em&gt; are derived from Church Slavonic form, so the consonants differ. Thus in modern grammar the roots are different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-01-28T17:51:00.537" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11505" CreationDate="2016-01-28T22:27:39.700" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, &quot;собралось&quot; and &quot;собрались&quot; both fits. You can also say &quot;пришло два человека&quot; or &quot;пришли два человека&quot;. Both are correct. The only little difference is when you use &quot;пришли&quot;, &quot;собрались&quot;, you may be pointing to some particular persons, instead of people in general. So yes, I think, is has something to do with your comparison to English &quot;people&quot;. You can start a story like &quot;Пришли два человека [куда-то] и говорят: ...&quot; In such case &quot;пришли&quot; is preferred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4454" LastEditorUserId="4454" LastEditDate="2016-01-28T22:39:40.717" LastActivityDate="2016-01-28T22:39:40.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11714" CreationDate="2016-01-28T22:45:24.370" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Бы generally is for subjunctive (or conjunctive? google tells both for сослагательное наклонение) mood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; предпочёл не проводить остаток зимы привязанным к сраному дивану. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XufZexZc-n0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XufZexZc-n0&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do - я делаю, I would do - я бы сделал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4454" LastActivityDate="2016-01-28T22:45:24.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11750" CreationDate="2016-01-29T02:40:55.803" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;They both come from the PIE root e̯es- &quot;is&quot;. Particularly, from zero-grade of it. Compare PIE &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯sntia̯&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;being&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-01-29T02:40:55.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11756" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11757" CreationDate="2016-01-29T04:38:29.297" Score="7" ViewCount="315" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read the following passage: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я понимаю, но в русской традиции, если можно так выразиться, это&#xA;  событие &lt;strong&gt;как раз-таки&lt;/strong&gt; имеет название - высадка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did they mean to write &lt;strong&gt;это событие как раз так и имеет название&lt;/strong&gt;,  or is this an actual word? If so, what does it mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-02-04T11:45:34.637" Title="Meaning of как раз-таки" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11756" CreationDate="2016-01-29T06:28:50.710" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a real colloquial expression of disagreement with something just said. It doesn't unfold into expression you've suggested. Most likely, the other person mentioned some exception (like 'this event happens to have no Russian word for it'), then their opponent uses &quot;&lt;strong&gt;как раз(-таки)&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; to catch at their words, meaning that very exception &lt;em&gt;proves otherwise&lt;/em&gt;, like it's a rare case where that event actually &lt;em&gt;has&lt;/em&gt; a Russian word for it. The part &quot;&lt;strong&gt;-таки&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; which gives an extra sense of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;although one can think so&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, is optional here and maybe a bit informal for written language. It is more typical as a part of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;всё-таки&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (still, despite smth.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-01-29T06:28:50.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11758" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11756" CreationDate="2016-01-29T06:50:04.373" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как раз&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;-таки&lt;/em&gt; are emphatic particles, similar to emphatic &amp;quot;do&amp;quot; in English, but slightly differing in meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я купил хлеба / I bought some bread&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я-таки купил хлеба / I did buy some bread (after having failed to do this)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я-то как раз купил хлеба / I did buy some bread (unlike someone else)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;em&gt;-таки&lt;/em&gt; is a slight misuse here, it is just used to give more stress to the argument.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand, but the Russian tradition, if I may say so, does have a name for this event: высадка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-01-29T08:31:04.017" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11759" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-29T08:35:44.880" Score="2" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;From duolingo.com&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A TRICKY ASPECT&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You may have spotted so far that the examples have all been the one-directional versions of 'go' and that they are all past or future. Well, here's where it may get confusing. When they have a prefix attached, the one- and two- directional versions of 'go' convey aspect rather than 'directionality'. This probably makes more sense with an example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я перехожу мост - I am crossing the bridge/I cross the bridge&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я перейду мост - I will cross the bridge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I read &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/8595/5477&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; and other answers already, but I am quite uncertain. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How would one differentiate then between e. g.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tomorrow I will go to Dima and I will cross this bridge.&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Next month I start to go to school and en route I will cross this bridge.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;By context and signal words?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Does it mean somehow there is no directionality for prefixed words in present and future?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5477" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-01-29T20:34:10.960" Title="Directionality of prefixed verbs of motion in present and future" Tags="&lt;вид&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11759" CreationDate="2016-01-29T09:03:31.937" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure what your question is, but first will be translated as: &quot;Завтра я пойду к Диме и перейду этот мост&quot; and second one as: &quot;В следующем месяце я начну ходить в школу и по дороге &lt;strong&gt;буду&lt;/strong&gt; переходить этот мост&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Btw &quot;Завтра я пойду к Диме и перейду этот мост&quot; - sounds quite hmm... bizarre.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6635" LastEditorUserId="6635" LastEditDate="2016-01-29T13:38:19.020" LastActivityDate="2016-01-29T13:38:19.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11761" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-01-29T10:37:03.690" Score="0" ViewCount="76" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question has already been asked &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/7978/why-do-some-say-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5-and-others-%D0%B2-%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5-and-what-is-correct&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, but it lacks some authoritative sources there. I once stumbled upon a source saying that in case with a territory it is correct to say &quot;на&quot; (&quot;на Руси&quot;, &quot;на Кубани&quot;, &quot;на Урале&quot;), and in case with a separate state, it is correct to say &quot;в&quot; (&quot;в Японии&quot;, &quot;в Ираке&quot;, &quot;в России&quot;, &quot;в Италии&quot;) with some exceptions of some island states when saying &quot;на&quot; can also be okay (&quot;на Кипре&quot;, &quot;на Ямайке&quot;, &quot;на Мальте&quot;). I can't find that source now, but I suspect that it was written long before this war in Ukraine, and even long before Ukraine became a separate state. And it looks like saying &quot;на Украине&quot;, though quite against the above-mentioned rule, still seems to be okay - as a kind of exception to the rule. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone cite an authoritative source specifically addressing this case of &quot;на Украине vs. в Украине&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-01-29T10:37:03.690" Title="&quot;На Украине&quot; or &quot;В Украине&quot;?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2016-01-29T10:56:06.880" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11759" CreationDate="2016-01-29T14:55:08.157" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian verbs are not to be divided into &quot;prefixed&quot; and &quot;unprefixed&quot;, but rather into perfective and imperfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Переходить&lt;/em&gt; is imperfective, which means it has &quot;normal&quot; present tense: &lt;em&gt;Я перехожу мост&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;I cross / I am crossing the bridge&lt;/em&gt;. (But it has both past and future tense too: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я переходил&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я буду переходить&lt;/em&gt;&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &lt;em&gt;Перейти&lt;/em&gt; is perfective, which effectively means that corresponding action is thought to be finished at some moment. Thus &lt;em&gt;Я перейду мост&lt;/em&gt; translates into future tense &lt;em&gt;I will cross the bridge&lt;/em&gt;. (It also has past tense &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я перешёл&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, but no present tense at all).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But note that in English &quot;&lt;em&gt;I will cross the bridge&lt;/em&gt;&quot; may mean different things, because it's an &lt;em&gt;indefinite&lt;/em&gt; tense. You may think either &quot;Tomorrow I will cross that bridge, and then I will go to some other place&quot; or &quot;I will cross that bridge once in a day from now on&quot; etc. In Russian you have to use different verbs, as there's no such thing like &quot;indefinite&quot; tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the point is: in Russian you must think of &quot;perfective / imperfective&quot; actions first, and of past/present/future afterwards. All &quot;continuous tense&quot; belongs to imperfective; all &quot;perfect tense&quot; belongs to perfective; &quot;simple tense&quot; is 50/50 depending on what you really mean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your examples the first one is certainly perfective (you're going to have some action be done once), and the second one is imperfective (you're going to repeat some action many times). This is what makes the difference. You need no additional signal words in Russian, as you have to choose the proper verb to say what you want to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я пойду&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;Я перейду&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;Я начну (буду) ходить&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;Я буду переходить&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-01-29T15:00:25.317" LastActivityDate="2016-01-29T15:00:25.317" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11759" CreationDate="2016-01-29T20:34:10.960" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe what Duolingo is trying to tell you, not very effectively, is that unprefixed verbs of motion have two imperfectives: (1) the so-called &lt;strong&gt;iterative&lt;/strong&gt; (2) and the &lt;strong&gt;multidirectional&lt;/strong&gt;. Aside from these, there is also a perfective with prefixed &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;-. So in the case of &lt;em&gt;going&lt;/em&gt; (on foot), these would be &lt;strong&gt;идти&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;impf&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ходить&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;impf&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;пойти&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;perf&lt;/em&gt;, respectively.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, once a prefix is added, the verbs of motion go back to being like all other verbs - one perfective form: &lt;strong&gt;перейти&lt;/strong&gt;, and one imperfective form: &lt;strong&gt;переходить&lt;/strong&gt;, responding to the same aspectual dictates of any other verb. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-01-29T20:34:10.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11765" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11768" CreationDate="2016-01-31T20:37:43.840" Score="3" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have tried to decode: &quot;Нас встречают&quot; with a slovar (book) and through   various machines but it result into something that does not make sense. Would it perhaps mean something like &quot;we are waited&quot; or they are &quot;waiting for us&quot; since the verb встречать is involved?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6603" LastActivityDate="2016-01-31T21:29:29.090" Title="What does: &quot;Нас встречают&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11765" CreationDate="2016-01-31T21:27:27.193" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The exact translation would depend on the context.  Assuming you're talking about arrivals (e.g. to a station, airport, etc.) and somebody waiting for the arriving paraty, it could be something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Someone's waiting for us&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you edit your question with more details on the context, I'll update my answer accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2016-01-31T21:27:27.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11765" CreationDate="2016-01-31T21:29:29.090" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming you're still on your railroad journey book, this means &quot;someone's meeting us&quot; or &quot;someone's picking us up&quot; (at the airport or a train station).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-01-31T21:29:29.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11769" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11770" CreationDate="2016-01-31T22:07:58.537" Score="1" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a question about a Gerund: &quot;Заметив&quot; and how you as russian speakers would translate it in this context. It is derived from the verb: &quot;заметить&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Заметив&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; как из другого вагона выходит брюнетка с мальчиком школьного возраста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6603" LastActivityDate="2016-01-31T22:13:38.963" Title="Gerund present: &quot;Заметив&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11769" CreationDate="2016-01-31T22:13:38.963" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could translate it as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Noticing&lt;/strong&gt; a brunette with a boy of school age leaving another car...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, if the action described is in the past, then&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Having noticed&lt;/strong&gt; a brunette with a boy of school age leaving another car...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2016-01-31T22:13:38.963" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11771" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11772" CreationDate="2016-01-31T23:52:09.143" Score="6" ViewCount="265" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;вот вы где&quot; is a an expression that does not exist in my slovar and when I split it up it does not make sense. I have also run it through the machine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To give you some context. The guests arrive but the man that was to meet them thought they were in a different car and then doubles back finds them and opens with greeting them with a &quot;hi&quot; and: &quot;вот вы где&quot;. Would this expression correspond to: &quot;here you are&quot; or perhaps &quot;welcome&quot; in a way? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6603" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T06:52:11.157" Title="Question about &quot;вот вы где&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11771" CreationDate="2016-02-01T04:27:56.997" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This simply means &quot;&lt;em&gt;There&lt;/em&gt; you are!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually &lt;strong&gt;вот&lt;/strong&gt; can be used quite productively with interrogative words to form such expressions of eureka:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так &lt;strong&gt;вот почему&lt;/strong&gt; он не унаследовал семейный бизнес.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;em&gt;that's&lt;/em&gt; why he didn't inherit the family business.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Значит, &lt;strong&gt;вот куда&lt;/strong&gt; вы убежали?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This&lt;/em&gt; is where you ran to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хорошо, &lt;strong&gt;вот как&lt;/strong&gt; мы поступим.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alright, &lt;em&gt;this&lt;/em&gt; is how it's going to go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вот когда&lt;/strong&gt; неплохо иметь собаку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;That's&lt;/em&gt; when it would be nice to have a dog.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-02-01T04:27:56.997" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11773" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11779" CreationDate="2016-02-01T04:44:00.370" Score="4" ViewCount="597" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm pretty comfortable with the use of aspects in conjugated verbs. However, the choice of aspect for infinitives still gives me trouble. I recently read the following snippet, in which twice the act of &lt;em&gt;paying fines&lt;/em&gt; is referred to in the exact context both times, however one is perfective and one is imperfective. Assuming this is correctly written, what is the logic behind the choice of aspect in each case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы выехали рано утром и через несколько часов обнаружили что водитель&#xA;  забыл его водительское удостоверение. В поездке он &lt;strong&gt;вынужден был&#xA;  заплатить&lt;/strong&gt; два штрафа. В конце нашего пути мы поняли, что пересекли&#xA;  пограничную зону и каждый из нас &lt;strong&gt;вынужден был платить&lt;/strong&gt; штраф.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T18:05:03.177" Title="Choice of aspect for infinitives" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11774" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-01T05:04:46.393" Score="3" ViewCount="327" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the prepositional case, a phrase &quot;about it&quot;, is usually translated as &quot;об этом&quot;. Is &quot;этом&quot; in this phrase, a declension from demonstrative pronoun &quot;этот&quot; ? And if that's so, why there is no noun after a demonstrative pronoun?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6696" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T20:46:41.700" Title="Why do we use &quot;об этом&quot; for 'about it&quot;" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11774" CreationDate="2016-02-01T07:14:12.077" Score="9" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;about it&quot;, is usually translated as &quot;об этом&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could also be &lt;em&gt;про это&lt;/em&gt;. There's even a poem &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ilibrary.ru/text/2392/p.1/index.html&quot;&gt;Про это&lt;/a&gt; by Mayakovskij.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;why there is no noun after a demonstrative pronoun?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because &lt;em&gt;Это&lt;/em&gt; may also be used &lt;strong&gt;in place of a noun&lt;/strong&gt;. Sort of &lt;em&gt;This&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;That&lt;/em&gt;. For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это&lt;/em&gt; кажется мне странным. --&gt; &lt;em&gt;It&lt;/em&gt; seems strange to me.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Что Вы &lt;em&gt;под этим&lt;/em&gt; подразумеваете? --&gt; What do you mean by &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Что &lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt; такое? --&gt; What is &lt;em&gt;this&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-02-01T07:14:12.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11773" CreationDate="2016-02-01T08:22:01.543" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Leaving aside the ugliness of this excerpt, the choice of perfective/imperfective is sometimes absolutely free.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the first occurence, the speaker says about what &lt;strong&gt;already&lt;/strong&gt; happened, while they were riding. Thus he/she &lt;strong&gt;must&lt;/strong&gt; use perfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But on the second occurence he/she has a free choice. The difference is really subtle. By choosing perfective one shows again that it's all finished already. Yet by choosing imperfective one gives a slight feeling of &quot;presence&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Putting it into other words, if you would have translated the first sentence into English, you &lt;strong&gt;couldn't&lt;/strong&gt; use the continouos tense (you may be &lt;em&gt;paying twice&lt;/em&gt;, but not &lt;em&gt;paying two fines&lt;/em&gt; in different places/times etc.). Thus you &lt;strong&gt;couldn't&lt;/strong&gt; use imperfective here. But in the second sentence there's no such restriction. I know, everyone would go with simple tense here too, but technically you &lt;strong&gt;might&lt;/strong&gt; choose free. In Russian there's no such thing as &quot;indefinite&quot; tense, so you &lt;em&gt;have to&lt;/em&gt; choose one of two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your problem probably lies in the observation that the speaker uses &lt;em&gt;different&lt;/em&gt; verb types in the consequent sentences. But it's not the fault on itself. They belong to different setups, so one may mix them, just like English speaker mixes perfect/continouos/simple tenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-02-01T08:22:01.543" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7234" CreationDate="2016-02-01T16:25:40.100" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мои знакомые из забугорья,носители языка, как-то пошутили так. Закончили мою фразу и захихикали. Я не поняла, в чем прикол и попросила объяснить. Они сказали,что соль в том,что девушки как бы меньше пошлят и меньше думают о сексе,чем мужчины,поэтому когда произносится двусмысленная фраза, говорят именно &quot;that's what SHE said&quot;. А еще из сериала &quot;Scrubs&quot; ( Клиника) я поняла,что в англоговорящих странах это уже бородатая и несмешная шутейка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И по-моему, лучший перевод-это &quot;Если вы понимаете,о чем я&quot; с пошленькой интонацией. Ну или на крайняк &quot;теперь это так называется?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6698" LastActivityDate="2016-02-01T16:25:40.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11778" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7234" CreationDate="2016-02-01T16:45:07.583" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Предлагаю еще один вариант не буквального перевода, но в каком-то смысле похожий: &quot;Заметьте, не я это сказал&quot; или же &quot;Заметьте, не я это предложил&quot;. Правда в этом случае акцент смещен с девушки на отвечающего мужчину но суть похожа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6667" LastActivityDate="2016-02-01T16:45:07.583" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11773" CreationDate="2016-02-01T17:29:38.653" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы выехали рано утром и через несколько часов обнаружили что водитель забыл его водительское удостоверение. В поездке он вынужден был заплатить два штрафа. В конце нашего пути мы поняли, что пересекли пограничную зону и каждый из нас вынужден был платить штраф.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am afraid it's a bad translation from English. Your second sentence should sound as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;каждый из нас вынужден будет платить/заплатить &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence refers to a completed action so a perfective infinitive should be used.It means &quot;He had to pay and he did it.&#xA;The second sentence refers to an expected obligation where the choice of the form платить/заплатить doesn't influence the general meaning &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-02-01T17:29:38.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1657" CreationDate="2016-02-01T17:54:44.293" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I actually wrote &lt;a href=&quot;http://bitsofrussian.com/conjunction-a/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;a big blog post about this&lt;/a&gt; a while ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To simplify the matters for &quot;и&quot;, it is a coordinative conjunction. You'd use it to put together two parts of a sentence which are of equal grammatical strength. It just links one with the other. The English equivalent would be “and”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Éве стáло скýчно и онá откры́ла Youtube. (Eva got bored and she opened a Youtube tab.)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Contexts for &quot;a&quot; are numerous, but can be narrowed down to three:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Comparison&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) revealing or stressing the difference&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Все засмея́лись, а я не пóнял, что бы́ло смешнóго в том, что я сказáл. (Everybody laughed, but I didn’t get what was so funny in what I had just said.)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) revealing or stressing the likeness&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;На дворé стоя́л декáбрь, а за окнóм крýпными хлóпьями пáдал снéг. (It was December, and it was snowing heavily.)&lt;/code&gt; Here both parts of the sentence add up to a harmonious picture. Here, “a” is easily interchangeable with “и”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c) stating the facts, often stressing neither difference nor likeness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;У неё мать фи́нка, а оте́ц га́нец. (Her mother is Finnish, her father is from Ghana.)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Connection, the “conjoint a”&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) describing a picture, or a course of events&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Напро́тив на́шего до́ма раски́нулся тени́стый пáрк, а за пáрком разлило́сь ди́вное о́зеро. (Right across from our building there is a wooded area, behind it there lies a picturesque lake.)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) describing a turn of events&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Послы́шался стук в дверь. Открыва́ю, а там сосе́д по ле́стничной площа́дке. (Knocking at the door. I opt to answer — there stands my neighbor from across the hall.)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Deviation from the norm, “a of unusual consequence”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ле́то в Ки́руне необы́чное: на часа́х два но́чи, а на у́лице светло́ как днём. (Summers in Kiruna are quite unusual: the clock says 2 am, but the sun is shining as if it were noon.)&lt;/code&gt;  The emotional connotation here is surprise (at the weather).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6699" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-02-01T18:04:36.877" LastActivityDate="2016-02-01T18:04:36.877" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11781" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11783" CreationDate="2016-02-01T20:20:37.103" Score="3" ViewCount="2551" Body="&lt;p&gt;Недавно в статье наткнулся на такое высказывание Гилберта Доктороу (Gilbert Doctorow):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Русская версия текста занимает 26 страниц мелким шрифтом. Ею я и пользовался, потому что предпочитаю иметь дело с источником и переводить самостоятельно, если могу. Английский текст занимает 40 страниц, что нормально для перевода с русского. (The Russian version takes up 26 tightly spaced printed pages. This is what I have used, since I prefer to go to the source and do my own translations when I have the option. The English version probably takes 40 pages, given the normal expansion from Russian to English in the translation process.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Насколько справедливо подобное высказывание? Мне подобное соотношение объёма оригинального и переводного текста показалось странным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2016-02-03T21:13:19.817" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T21:13:19.817" Title="Соотношение объёма русского и английского текста" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11781" CreationDate="2016-02-01T21:08:03.400" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я работал переводчиком какое-то довольно непродолжительное время, но тем не менее - из моего опыта русский текст длиннее, в среднем в раза где-то 1.2-1.3. Уверен, что профессиональный переводчик может дать более точную оценку этого коэффициента, но какой бы они ни был - он совершенно точно больше единицы. Русские слова в в среднем длиннее. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Let's come up with more precise data. According to Wolfram's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=average%20english%20word%20length&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;alpha&lt;/a&gt; search engine, the average English word is of length 5.1 characters. This is base on average of several different text bases, including Britannica and Wikipedia. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Talking of Russian I've seen some different estimates that varied pretty noticeably (from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lingvisto.org/artikoloj/ru_stat.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;~5.28&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ravi.io/language-word-lengths&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;~9.97&lt;/a&gt;), I guess it heavily depends on text corpora used for collecting statistics. Also, one should keep in mind that beside the average length of word we should take into account the average length of sentence which also could be different. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-02-02T07:40:16.713" LastActivityDate="2016-02-02T07:40:16.713" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11781" CreationDate="2016-02-02T06:16:28.503" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы сказал, что при переводе текст вообще &quot;разбухает&quot;, неважно, переводят ли с русского на английский, или же наоборот.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И дело тут не в длине отдельных слов (английские слова в среднем действительно несколько короче, а если учитывать только слоги - поэтический перевод - то и &lt;em&gt;намного&lt;/em&gt; короче), что на самом деле компенсируется наличием артиклей и избытком предлогов, а, скорее, необходимостью постоянно &quot;дообъяснять&quot; переведенное. Переводчик вынужден &quot;копировать&quot; не только смысл, но и сам ход рассуждений автора, его &quot;логику&quot;, а подыскивать для этого достаточно лаконичные параллели в другом языке, не сбиваясь на длиннющие придаточные предложения, может быть весьма непросто. Так что хотя в идеале перевод должен быть примерно той же длины, что и оригинал, но в реальности перевод оказывается почти всегда длиннее. В особенности это справедливо для &quot;технического&quot; перевода, когда переводчик не слишком заинтересован в сохранении ритмики и метафоричности исходного текста, а просто &quot;пересказывает&quot;, что там написано, идя по пути наименьшего сопротивления.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-02-02T06:16:28.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11781" CreationDate="2016-02-02T12:45:56.900" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я присутствовала на лекции С. Л. Николаева (доктор филологических наук, Институт славяноведения РАН), где после лекции был задан этот вопрос. Доктор Николаев ответил, что такой зависимости он не отметил. Перевод обычно длиннее оригинала, так как понятие, передаваемое одним словом в языке А, нередко переводится двумя словами в языке Б, чтобы избавиться от нежелательных оттенков смысла (значений (2), (3) и т. д. в словаре).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;О существовании доказательных исследований на этот счёт не знаю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-02-02T12:45:56.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11781" CreationDate="2016-02-02T13:03:59.137" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Выводы, основанные на статистике переводов:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Примечательно, что при переводе с английского на русский, длина текста вырастает на 9.11%, а при переводе в обратном направлении… снова вырастает, но всего на 1.39%. Это может говорить о том, что переводчики используют больше слов, чтобы не потерять и передать смысл текста правильно в ущерб лаконичности. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Источник: статья &lt;a href=&quot;https://habrahabr.ru/company/alconost/blog/197146/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;на Хабре&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но как учесть размер шрифта?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;На лист А4 у меня влезло&lt;br&gt;&#xA;52 строчки размера 12 пунктов,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;62 строчки размера 10 пунктов,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;69 строчек размера 9 пунктов,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;77 строчек размера 8 пунктов.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Если «мелкий шрифт» имеет размер 8 пунктов, а английский перевод — 12 пунктов, то получаем (77/52)*26 = 38,5 страниц такого же текста, написанного крупным шрифтом вместо мелкого.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Тогда перевод добавляет полторы страницы к 38.5 страницам. Нормальное соотношение.&#xA;Единственное, чего я не знаю — насколько принято в английском пользоваться размером 12 пунктов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Upd.&lt;/strong&gt; Вычисления, основанные на количестве строк на странице, учитывают только высоту букв. Но ведь при изменении размера шрифта изменяется и ширина букв, то есть на одну строку помещается больше текста!  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дальнейшие эксперименты показали:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Если взять 10 страниц, заполненных шрифтом 8 пунктов, и поменять размер шрифта на 10 пунктов, то они превращаются в 15 с половиной страниц (половина измерена на глаз :)).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;В такой пропорции 26 страниц шрифтом в 8 пунктов превращается в (26/10)*15.5 = 40.3 (примерно) страниц, напечатанных шрифтом 10 пунктов.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;То есть если «мелкий шрифт» имеет размер 8 пунктов, а английский перевод — 10 пунктов, то перевод имеет приблизительно такую же или чуть меньшую длину в буквах, чем оригинал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5454" LastEditorUserId="5454" LastEditDate="2016-02-02T14:19:45.763" LastActivityDate="2016-02-02T14:19:45.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11786" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7978" CreationDate="2016-02-02T19:07:30.773" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Correct version in russian language is &quot;На Украине&quot;. &quot;В Украине&quot; is a &quot;political&quot; version for using just IN (or ON) Ukraine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5963" LastActivityDate="2016-02-02T19:07:30.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11773" CreationDate="2016-02-02T19:17:30.240" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Despite of the previous answers I tell you that there is no difference at all. First of all the version &quot;заплатить&quot; is a little more euphonic in both cases. BUT second - you can use &quot;заплатить&quot; and &quot;платить&quot; in both cases, it does not matter. You can switch it just for not repeating the same word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD I mean - just in this case&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5963" LastEditorUserId="5963" LastEditDate="2016-02-03T18:05:03.177" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T18:05:03.177" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11774" CreationDate="2016-02-03T00:25:35.717" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is &quot;этом&quot; in this phrase [about it, об этом], a declension from demonstrative pronoun&#xA;  &quot;этот&quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это&lt;/em&gt; is the demonstrative pronoun of neuter gender. &lt;em&gt;Этот&lt;/em&gt; is the same pronoun, but of masculine gender, and &lt;em&gt;эта&lt;/em&gt; is that of feminine gender. Sometimes the way the three are inflected for case is homonymous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here`s an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;So what are we going to do about IT?&lt;/code&gt; — &lt;code&gt;Ну и что мы с этим будем делать?&lt;/code&gt; (Instrumental case of &lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;, neuter gender.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;So what are we going to do about HIM?&lt;/code&gt; — &lt;code&gt;Hу и что мы с этим будем делать?&lt;/code&gt; (Instrumental case of &lt;em&gt;этот&lt;/em&gt;, masculine gender.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same form, different meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And if that's so, why there is no noun after a demonstrative pronoun?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because in this case this demonstrative pronoun would be self-sufficient as the indirect object of the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6699" LastEditorUserId="7547" LastEditDate="2016-07-17T20:46:41.700" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T20:46:41.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11790" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11795" CreationDate="2016-02-03T13:19:10.373" Score="0" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which numerals have a ь at the end and which have in the middle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6709" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2016-02-04T06:51:19.177" LastActivityDate="2016-02-05T17:59:35.783" Title="Numerals with ь at the end" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11790" CreationDate="2016-02-03T14:01:41.403" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many have an &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ь&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in the end:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;5 - пять  &#xA;6 - шесть &#xA;7 - семь &#xA;20 - двадцать&#xA;30 - тридцать&#xA;и т.д.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And many have a &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ь&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in the middle:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;50 - пятьдесят&#xA;60 - шестьдесят&#xA;70 - семьдесят&#xA;80 - восемьдесят&#xA;500 - пятьсот&#xA;600 - шестьсот&#xA;и т.д.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T14:01:41.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11790" CreationDate="2016-02-03T16:29:48.120" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me jump in with some extracurricular findings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In speech, some people would palatalize the sound /т/ and you'll have a /т'/ gravitating towards /ц/ at the end of these numerals:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;50 - пятьдесят &#xA;  60 - шестьдесят &#xA;  70 - семьдесят &#xA;  80 - восемьдесят &#xA;  500 - пятьсот &#xA;  600 - шестьсот &#xA;  и т.д.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phenomenon doesn't affect the spelling, but you'd hear the palatalization, which may be confusing. Keeping this in mind may be of use when working on a transcript. Say, /пятьдесять/ pops up in someone's speech, and you're in two minds about how to spell it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.se/books?id=6nJgAAAAcAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA23&amp;amp;lpg=PA23&amp;amp;dq=%22%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%22&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=fWwFzGsAUx&amp;amp;sig=F0-Wu07IRXwxy0kwDjqOjB7m-nc&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwixubOv-NvKAhXEqXIKHbtiD9Q4ChDoAQgsMAM#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%22%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%22&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this source&lt;/a&gt;, they used to spell these numerals with &quot;ь&quot; at the end in the 17th century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6699" LastActivityDate="2016-02-03T16:29:48.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11796" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11798" CreationDate="2016-02-04T00:48:38.877" Score="4" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, does anyone want to attempt an explanation as to why &lt;strong&gt;класть—положить&lt;/strong&gt; are a pair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that textbooks often state that there are pairs that are &quot;just&quot;, for no good reason different, e.g., &lt;strong&gt;говорить—сказать/ брать—взять.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you look at the history of the words, than it's not actually true what the authors say. In fact, &lt;strong&gt;сказывать&lt;/strong&gt; is the old imperfective of сказать and &lt;strong&gt;взимать&lt;/strong&gt; is the old imperfective of взять. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, my question is: what pair-shift happened that caused класть—положить? I know that ложить exists (at least colloquially), and кладывать seems to exist on wikislovar. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, help!))) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2016-02-04T08:11:26.617" Title="класть, ложить, положить—weird perfective and imperfective pairs?" Tags="&lt;aspect&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11796" CreationDate="2016-02-04T06:14:04.450" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most widely known language mistakes among native speakers are &quot;ложить&quot; and &quot;зво́нит&quot; (instead of &quot;звони́т&quot;). For example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тут ударила мне кровь в голову.&#xA;  — Ложи, — говорю, — взад!&#xA;  А она испужалась. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Рассказ Зощенко &quot;Аристократка&quot; (1923). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this classic text, saying &quot;ложи́&quot; immidiately indicates education level of the speaker. As far as I know, there is no exact reason for word &quot;ложить&quot; become that inacceptable in imperfect form, but it is possible that &quot;Аристократка&quot; publication and popularity is a reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;накласть&quot; instead of &quot;положить&quot; does not exist &quot;oficially&quot;, though it could be used, usually referring to the process of defecation. &quot;Он пришёл торговать, наклал на прилавок вещей&quot; - implies that the stuff does not have any value. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-02-04T06:14:04.450" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11796" CreationDate="2016-02-04T08:03:49.263" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Originally these verbs were different (not sure, whether it was in Old Russian, or in proto-Slavic). &quot;&lt;em&gt;Класть&lt;/em&gt;&quot; meant &quot;to put &lt;strong&gt;inside&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (cf. &lt;em&gt;Клад&lt;/em&gt;), while &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ложить&lt;/em&gt;&quot; meant &quot;to lay &lt;strong&gt;on the surface&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (cf. &lt;em&gt;Ложе&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But nowadays this difference is completely lost, and we have &lt;em&gt;класть&lt;/em&gt; as imperfective, and prefixed forms, such as &lt;em&gt;положить&lt;/em&gt; as perfective. You shouldn't say &lt;em&gt;покласть&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;ложить&lt;/em&gt; anymore. That's it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-02-04T08:11:26.617" LastActivityDate="2016-02-04T08:11:26.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11790" CreationDate="2016-02-05T17:59:35.783" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which numerals have a 'ь' at the end?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;5 - пять&#xA;6 - шесть&#xA;7 - семь&#xA;8 - восемь&#xA;9 - девять&#xA;10 - десять&#xA;11 - одиннадцать&#xA;12 - двенадцать&#xA;13 - тринадцать&#xA;14 - четырнадцать&#xA;15 - пятнадцать&#xA;16 - шестнадцать&#xA;17 - семнадцать&#xA;18 - восемнадцать&#xA;19 - девятнадцать&#xA;20 - двадцать&#xA;30 - тридцать&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which numerals have a 'ь' in the middle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;50 - пятьдесят&#xA;60 - шестьдесят&#xA;70 - семьдесят&#xA;80 - восемьдесят&#xA;500 - пятьсот&#xA;600 - шестьсот&#xA;700 - семьсот&#xA;800 - восемьсот&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About pronunciation:&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Numbers 11-30 (which I have written) ends with т' if pronounced slowly and т' with approach to ц' in fluent speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6721" LastActivityDate="2016-02-05T17:59:35.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11801" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11805" CreationDate="2016-02-05T18:23:37.107" Score="6" ViewCount="554" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following lyrics are taken from &quot;Диалог у телевизора&quot;. My understanding is that the woman talking to Вань wants him to buy her this shirt that she saw; so, &lt;strong&gt;сваргань&lt;/strong&gt; would be referring to this shirt. This word &lt;strong&gt;сваргань&lt;/strong&gt; seems to be related to the verb &quot;сварганить&quot;, which in my dictionary translates &quot;to botch, bungle&quot;. So my question is, does &lt;strong&gt;сваргань&lt;/strong&gt; mean something that is botched or hastily made? Also, is this word used in &quot;everyday&quot; Russian; if so, can you give an example on how you as a Russian speaker would use &lt;strong&gt;сваргань&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Ой! Вань! Гляди-кось, попугайчики!&#xA;Нет, я, ей-богу, закричу!..&#xA;А это кто в короткой маечке?&#xA;Я, Вань, такую же хочу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В конце квартала — правда, Вань, —&#xA;Ты мне такую же &lt;strong&gt;сваргань&lt;/strong&gt;...&#xA;Ну что &quot;отстань&quot;, всегда &quot;отстань&quot;...&#xA;Обидно, Вань!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6722" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-11-22T12:33:21.477" LastActivityDate="2017-11-22T12:33:21.477" Title="How to translate &quot;сваргань&quot; from the song &quot;Диалог у телевизора&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11802" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11804" CreationDate="2016-02-05T18:33:28.627" Score="4" ViewCount="4109" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm doing a research report on Rostov Veliky for a Geography class. I have no experience in Russian and I lack understanding of geography in general. The map refers to it as Poctov and I can not translate it into English using google, I tried. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can only guess but is this the Russian word for Rostov, why wouldn't it use Russian characters? If not please explain what it is. If it is, please let me know if Russians would call Rostov Veliky, Poctob Veliky. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;here it is: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/maps/place/Rostov,+Yaroslavl+Oblast,+Russia/@57.1968466,39.3805101,13z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x46b3204f23a50833:0xa4f3079f91ac13e0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.google.com/maps/place/Rostov,+Yaroslavl+Oblast,+Russia/@57.1968466,39.3805101,13z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x46b3204f23a50833:0xa4f3079f91ac13e0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry, very confused here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6724" LastEditorUserId="6724" LastEditDate="2016-02-05T22:48:41.807" LastActivityDate="2016-02-05T22:48:41.807" Title="What does Poctob mean?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11802" CreationDate="2016-02-05T18:38:57.843" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Poctob&lt;/strong&gt; is the Russian word &lt;strong&gt;Ростов&lt;/strong&gt;, 'Rostov' written in the English letters that look closest to the Russian ones. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-02-05T18:38:57.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11805" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11801" CreationDate="2016-02-05T18:41:35.363" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is a slang for cook or bake. You can refer to it as свари. It has the similar meaning but more slangy maybe a little bit rude. &lt;br&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The translation you need is here. The other meaning is get, make it possible to happen or create something.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;She wants a T-shirt or something and asks him for the same one at the end of the quarter (extra salary usually). So she asks him to сварганить (the command form сваргань). The meaning is to buy a T-shirt from extra money at the end of the quarter.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6721" LastEditorUserId="6721" LastEditDate="2016-03-08T14:52:09.770" LastActivityDate="2016-03-08T14:52:09.770" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11801" CreationDate="2016-02-05T19:11:10.493" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Значение слова Сварганить по Ефремовой:&#xA;Сварганить - Сделать что-л. наскоро или кое-как. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Значение слова Сварганить по словарю Ушакова:&#xA;СВАРГАНИТЬ &#xA;сварганю, сварганишь (простореч.). Сов. к варганить. По осени надо беспременно свадьбу сварганить. Мельников-Печерский. Уху на бережку сварганим. Мельников-Печерский. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Значение слова Сварганить по словарю Даля:&#xA;Сварганить &#xA;что, смастерить налегке, неумеючи, или как ни попало, наскоро, плохо, свалять; | кур. соврать для шутки, смеху. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-02-05T19:11:10.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11801" CreationDate="2016-02-05T22:35:08.330" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The translation you found for сварганить is OK, although I like another, given in comments, even more - &quot;slap together&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for specific form сваргань - no, it is not a noun. You were probably confused by similarly ending nouns like гармонь. But  сваргань is an imperative - &quot;go slap together&quot; (like достать - достань). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6494" LastActivityDate="2016-02-05T22:35:08.330" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11808" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-05T23:20:27.767" Score="2" ViewCount="354" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some nouns that take the ending &lt;em&gt;-у&lt;/em&gt; (locative) instead of &lt;em&gt;-е&lt;/em&gt; (prepositional) after the prepositions &lt;em&gt;в, на&lt;/em&gt;, like &lt;em&gt;год, лес, сад&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; Is there any such noun which does not end on a consonant?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1829" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2017-07-21T11:06:45.640" LastActivityDate="2017-08-20T11:51:10.790" Title="Is there a locative for words not ending in a consonant?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11808" CreationDate="2016-02-06T09:57:07.523" Score="-1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some nouns ending in &lt;em&gt;-й&lt;/em&gt;, take the ending &lt;em&gt;-ю&lt;/em&gt; (technically speaking, the yodded &lt;em&gt;-у&lt;/em&gt;) when indicating location:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e.g. кра&lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;brink&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;на кра&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;at the brink&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note:&#xA;There are different phonemic theories built around Russian; some of them consider the sound &quot;й&quot;, or / j /, the jod, to be a semivowel. See p.76 &lt;a href=&quot;https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/1839/344_003.pdf?sequence=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locative_case#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this source&lt;/a&gt;, in contemporary Russian...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;the locative case has largely lost its use as an independent case and&#xA;  became the prepositional case, which is used only after a preposition.&#xA;  The latter is not always used to indicate location, while other cases&#xA;  may also be used to specify location (e.g. the genitive case &amp;lt;...&gt;).&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are more examples there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6699" LastEditorUserId="6699" LastEditDate="2016-02-10T21:16:07.340" LastActivityDate="2016-02-10T21:16:07.340" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9523" CreationDate="2016-02-06T11:38:11.207" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;How about &lt;strong&gt;родные просторы&lt;/strong&gt; (set phrase) for &lt;strong&gt;motherworld&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Простор&lt;/em&gt; here would stand for 'vast area', or 'vast region'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The plural form, &lt;em&gt;просторы&lt;/em&gt;, would lend a poetic air.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;em&gt;родной&lt;/em&gt; would cover for the 'mother' part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6699" LastActivityDate="2016-02-06T11:38:11.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11750" CreationDate="2016-02-06T22:24:23.617" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If &quot;root&quot; in your question means &quot;something similar in etymology and/or meaning&quot;, then yes, words &quot;существо&quot; and &quot;присутствовать&quot; have the same root. In general, the meaning of this root is somehow connected with notions &quot;being&quot;, &quot;existence&quot;, &quot;reality&quot; or &quot;essence&quot;. Here are some other words with this root:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In old Russian the verb &quot;быть&quot; (&quot;to be&quot;) in third person plural present form looked like &quot;суть&quot;, i.e. &quot;они суть&quot; meaned &quot;they are&quot;. In modern Russian, we use &quot;они есть&quot; instead, but sometimes the old form is still used, usually to make one's speech sound artificially &quot;old-fashioned&quot;, poetic or extravagant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;существовать&quot; means &quot;to exist&quot;, &quot;существование&quot; - &quot;existence&quot;. From here, there are two words that mean, in fact, &quot;something that &lt;strong&gt;exists&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;: &quot;сущность&quot; can be translated as &quot;entity&quot;, and &quot;существо&quot; is &quot;creature&quot; (i.e. animated entity).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;суть&quot; (as a noun, not a verb!) means &quot;essence&quot;, &quot;core&quot; or &quot;root&quot;, the most fundamental or important part of something. Also, &quot;сущность&quot; and &quot;существо&quot; can have the same meaning as &quot;суть&quot;. For example, &quot;суть дела&quot; or &quot;сущность вопроса&quot; - &quot;root of a matter&quot;; &quot;говорить по существу&quot; - &quot;speak to the point&quot;. The adjective &quot;существенный&quot; means &quot;essential&quot;, &quot;important&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You probably know the word &quot;существительное&quot; (&quot;a noun&quot;). It has the same root and can be explained like &quot;part of speech, that stands for some &lt;strong&gt;entity&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You know the word &quot;присутствовать&quot;, i.e. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;to be&lt;/strong&gt; at certain place or event&quot;. It has an antonym &quot;отсутствовать&quot; - to be abcent, missing, or not exist at all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The world &quot;сущий&quot; originally means &quot;real&quot;, &quot;existing&quot;, but now it is mostly used in emphatic constructions in meaning &quot;real&quot;, &quot;complete&quot; or &quot;absolute&quot;. For instance, &quot;сущий кошмар&quot; - &quot;complete nightmare&quot;, &quot;сущий пустяк&quot; - &quot;mere trifle&quot; (literally, &quot;absolutely empty thing&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;осуществлять&quot; means &quot;to realize&quot;, &quot;to bring into effect&quot; (about plans, dreams, activities, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope, these examples will be useful for you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastActivityDate="2016-02-06T22:24:23.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11812" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11814" CreationDate="2016-02-07T06:20:52.990" Score="4" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looks like these are synonyms that mean &lt;em&gt;change&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;alteration&lt;/em&gt;. Is there any difference in usage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-02-07T16:51:27.387" Title="изменение versus перемена" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11813" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11812" CreationDate="2016-02-07T07:12:35.610" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Word &lt;em&gt;перемена&lt;/em&gt; has a few different meanings (cf. &lt;em&gt;change&lt;/em&gt; as money, not related to any &lt;em&gt;alteration&lt;/em&gt;, for example).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides generic &quot;&lt;em&gt;change&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &lt;em&gt;перемена&lt;/em&gt; may also mean&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Set of dishes&lt;/em&gt; (i.e. &lt;em&gt;course&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Set of clothes / underware&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;A break in a school&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise these words are mostly the same, except people tend to use &lt;em&gt;изменение / измениться&lt;/em&gt; if talking of &lt;em&gt;slight changes&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;перемена / перемениться&lt;/em&gt; as &lt;em&gt;big changes&lt;/em&gt;. But that's not really a must.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-02-07T07:12:35.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11812" CreationDate="2016-02-07T07:28:48.080" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most cases, these two words are interchangeable (when used in meaning &quot;change, alteration&quot;). &quot;Изменение&quot; is more universal and common, so if you have doubts, use &quot;изменение&quot;. The difference between these two words is rather small, but it exists. I'll try to explain it according to my personal experience:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Перемена&quot; sounds stronger, &quot;bigger&quot;. For &quot;great changes&quot; both words are OK, but for &quot;minor changes&quot; you are likely to use &quot;изменения&quot;, not &quot;перемены&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Изменение&quot; tends to be more concentrated on process of changing, while &quot;перемена&quot; - on result. For example, &quot;watch the temperature changes&quot; - &quot;наблюдать за изменениями температуры&quot;, not &quot;переменами&quot;. But &quot;strive for changes&quot; - &quot;добиваться перемен&quot; or &quot;добиваться изменений&quot;, both variants are possible.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To summarize, &quot;перемена&quot; is closer to &quot;revolution&quot;, while &quot;изменение&quot; - to &quot;evolution (which sometimes includes revolutions, as well)&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="6725" LastEditDate="2016-02-07T16:51:27.387" LastActivityDate="2016-02-07T16:51:27.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11815" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11816" CreationDate="2016-02-07T09:35:17.210" Score="1" ViewCount="102" Body="&lt;p&gt;Собственно, меня интересует, возможно ли в следующем примере убрать двоеточие или нет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все говорят: &amp;laquo;Выходите по одному с поднятыми руками, вы окружены&amp;raquo;, а ты купи слона.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6726" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-02-07T10:14:08.223" LastActivityDate="2016-02-07T12:42:34.327" Title="Как правильно оформлять цитаты в прямой речи?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11815" CreationDate="2016-02-07T12:42:34.327" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Возможно § 143 &lt;a href=&quot;http://orthographia.ru/punctuatio.php?sid=139&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;вот в этом источнике&lt;/a&gt; говорит о подобном случае цитирования:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Цитата, включенная в авторское предложение на правах его компонента,&#xA;  выделяется кавычками (но начинается со строчной буквы), знаки&#xA;  препинания употребляются только те, которые диктуются самим авторским&#xA;  предложением: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мысль Л. Н. Толстого «время есть отношение движения своей жизни к&#xA;  движению других существ», высказанная в его дневниках, имеет&#xA;  философское содержание.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тогда в вашем случае пунктуация будет такая:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Все говорят «выходите по одному с поднятыми руками, вы окружены», а ты купи слона.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6699" LastActivityDate="2016-02-07T12:42:34.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11817" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11818" CreationDate="2016-02-07T14:42:07.077" Score="0" ViewCount="325" Body="&lt;p&gt;These words have many overlapping definitions, making it difficult to understand proper contextual usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example definitions: &lt;strong&gt;trip&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;voyage&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;journey&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;excursion&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;travel&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When is it appropriate to use &lt;em&gt;путешествие&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;экскурсия&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;поездка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;рейс&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T11:30:19.853" Title="Difference between путешествие, экскурсия, поездка, рейс" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11817" CreationDate="2016-02-07T17:32:08.647" Score="4" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Путешествие&quot; is used when someone goes far away from home (at least to another city... or, say, to another galaxy) and for a long time (at least for several days). One can go on foot or use any transport. In English it corresponds to &quot;travel&quot;, &quot;journey&quot; or &quot;voyage&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Поездка&quot; is usually shorter, than &quot;путешествие&quot; (can last less than one day). Distance may be quite short, too (but not necessarily). But this word is derived from the verb &quot;ездить&quot; (&quot;to go by transport&quot;), that's why transport is necessary. If one goes on foot - it is not &quot;поездка&quot;, but &quot;поход&quot; (derived from &quot;ходить&quot;(to walk)). In English &quot;поездка&quot; is &quot;trip&quot; or &quot;tour&quot;, I think.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Экскурсия&quot; is a trip which includes visiting some places of interest, usually for a group of people provided with a guide, who shows them the places of interest an tells some related stories. In English, it is &quot;excursion&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Рейс&quot; is about transport, which follows some regular route at determined time. In English, it is &quot;voyage&quot; or, in case of planes, &quot;flight&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastActivityDate="2016-02-07T17:32:08.647" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11820" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11822" CreationDate="2016-02-08T03:45:26.937" Score="1" ViewCount="205" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following sentences, would &lt;em&gt;после&lt;/em&gt; translate into English as &lt;em&gt;since&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt;? How can one tell?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В Пентагоне эти самолеты называют лучшими после F-22.&#xA;&#xA;Stern также очень лестно отозвался о достоинствах Су-35,&#xA;назвав его лучшим истребителем после американского F-22.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Edit: For context, here's the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com//russian/international/2016/02/160202_russian_warplanes_syria&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;source article&lt;/a&gt; over at bbc.com)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5596" LastEditorUserId="5596" LastEditDate="2016-02-08T06:34:31.893" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T12:50:37.183" Title="после: after vs since" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11820" CreationDate="2016-02-08T04:17:08.587" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;After.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Since&quot; would be &lt;strong&gt;со времён&lt;/strong&gt; + genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: V.V.'s link seems to strongly suggest it was &quot;since&quot; after all in the original English quote. If that's the case, I find &lt;strong&gt;после&lt;/strong&gt; a questionable, if not downright sloppy, choice on the part of the Russian translator.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2016-02-08T07:06:07.770" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T07:06:07.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11820" CreationDate="2016-02-08T06:17:20.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this sample, &quot;после&quot; is probably short form of &quot;после того, как был представлен&quot;. However, it's not absolutely clear without full context, &quot;лучший после&quot; might also refer to a second place in competition. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose that &quot;после&quot; should be translated as &quot;since&quot;, because Google says that Су-35 is ten years newer than F-22.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T06:17:20.843" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11801" CreationDate="2016-02-08T06:19:35.700" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hastily made / lubberly / self-made.&#xA;It is vernacular, somewhat old-timer and intimate, used within a family. Absolutely not appropriate for business, scientific or journalistic genre. Not common among teenagers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6727" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T06:19:35.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11820" CreationDate="2016-02-08T06:24:01.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gizmodo.com/b-2-spirit-americas-best-airplane-since-the-sr-71-1601310730&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://gizmodo.com/b-2-spirit-americas-best-airplane-since-the-sr-71-1601310730&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;После is used in this meaning and should be translated as since. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T06:24:01.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="528" CreationDate="2016-02-08T06:34:03.900" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;English speakers' pronounce is closer to Ы when saying such words as vIsion, to lIve, clIck, etc., but native Russian Ы sound is more dull and wide.&#xA;In fact, Russian clear pronounce of И is rarely heard in English speech, in such words as Even, lEAve, nEAt, snEAk, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6728" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T06:34:03.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7205" CreationDate="2016-02-08T06:39:08.847" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The second &quot;one&quot; can be translated by any suitable pronoun depending on translation of the first.&#xA;Examples: 1. Не поступай с другими так, как не хочешь, чтобы поступали с ТОБОЙ.&#xA;2. Не делай другим то, чего не желаешь СЕБЕ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6729" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T06:39:08.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7876" CreationDate="2016-02-08T06:41:45.630" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Must be Marina.&#xA;Was it Marina?&#xA;Marina, perhaps?&#xA;No way! Marina?&#xA;Whom? Marina?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6730" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T06:41:45.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11000" CreationDate="2016-02-08T06:47:23.863" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sounds well in Russian: - What time is it? - Six o'clock.&#xA;Sounds a bit polished in Russian: - What time is it? - It is six o'clock now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But both variants are appropriate in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the answer is: - Сколько времени? - Шесть часов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6731" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T06:47:23.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11771" CreationDate="2016-02-08T06:52:11.157" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Equal to Здесь вы есть, which is not used at all. So, Here you are is an answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6732" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T06:52:11.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11724" CreationDate="2016-02-08T07:03:10.033" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Предки is not appropriate at all. It means ancestors. Предки is only used as a teenager slang for родители, trying to emphasize how far the youngsters are from them by culture.&#xA;Деды (forefathers) is suitable for common language, but has a somewhat paternalistic and militaristic (дед is also used for armed forces bully) scent.&#xA;Старики is not recommended. It has a strong pathetic bias. It is used primarily among relatives.&#xA;The answer is прародители, which is only suitable for scientific genre, and sometimes for debates. Sounds awkward in common speech, as My second-degree parents will for sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6733" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T07:03:10.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11706" CreationDate="2016-02-08T07:14:00.337" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ссориться also means to separate with your ex, to spoil relations.&#xA;Мы с ней поссорились means We left each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спорить has a merely debate meaning, not anything else.&#xA;But спорить на вещь is to have a bet on something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6735" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T07:14:00.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11833" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4617" CreationDate="2016-02-08T07:24:41.160" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Has a weak polite scent, translated as &quot;Come in&quot; in this particular case. But Проходите мимо will be Pass by, for sure. Also, can even be translated as Take your seats (Займите места).&#xA;Depends on situation and voice intonation. Merely, it is used to tell a person to move where he is mostly expected to go. For example, if a fireman officer tells you Проходите, he really means Don't stop there! But if you tell your girlfriend Проходи kindly, then you definitely mean You are welcome, darling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6736" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T07:24:41.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11820" CreationDate="2016-02-08T07:29:50.943" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;После means &quot;Compared to&quot; particularly in this case.&#xA;Roughly, this meaning is influenced by envision of 1st and 2nd place on sport podiums. 2nd place runner is slower после 1st place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6737" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T07:29:50.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11817" CreationDate="2016-02-08T07:52:47.730" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Путешествие has a sense of global travelling. It usually implies visiting other countries or states, far from your sweet home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Экскурсия is a service of being informed about sightseeing places. Excursion is a casual activity, not prolonged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поездка is a diminutive word for naming common trips of lesser importance. Even a usual everyday ride on subway can be named поездка. Nevertheless, it so now common to say Моя поездка во Францию (My trip to France), for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Рейс is a scheduled transfer of a vehicle, including planes and ships. Equals to &quot;flight&quot; when talking about tickets in airport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Summary&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sounds okay:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я путешествовала по всей стране. Я была на экскурсии в Альпах. Моя поездка в Италию. У меня прямой рейс.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I travelled the whole country. I had an excursion to Alps. My trip to Italy. I have direct flight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sounds awkward:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я путешествовал по городу. Завтра я еду на экскурсию в Африку. Моя поездка на конференцию не удалась. Мой рейс во Францию не состоялся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I travelled the city. Tomorrow I'm going on excursion to Africa. My trip to conference failed. My flight to France was not accomplished.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6738" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T07:52:47.730" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11836" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11724" CreationDate="2016-02-08T09:08:49.707" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Words &quot;прародители&quot; and &quot;праотцы&quot; are used for very far ancestors, from Adam and Eve to those who lived, say, a few centuries ago. They can be real or legendary, but anyway, it is unlikely that anyone among currently alive knew them personally. So, these terms are not appropriate for grandparents, who are separated from you by only 2 generations and are probably still alive, or died not so long time ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Предки&quot; is a general word for ancestors. It fits a bit better than &quot;праотцы&quot; or &quot;прародители&quot;, but still looks awkward, if you mean your Grandma and Grandpa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I agree with Quassnoi, that for your example the best variant is &quot;деды&quot;. This word is widely used nowadays, for example, for participants of the World War II (as collective word for both men and women). It sounds paternalistic, yes, but I don't think it can really insult any women. Use it with stress on Е only, not Ы! With stress on Ы, it sounds like a part of militaristic slang, and is unacceptable in common and, furthermore, official use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T09:08:49.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11817" CreationDate="2016-02-08T11:30:19.853" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Поездка&quot; might also mean &quot;bus ride&quot;, as in &quot;на моём проездном пять поездок&quot; when I have rides prepaid on my bus card.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T11:30:19.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11820" CreationDate="2016-02-08T12:50:37.183" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The original quote in German reads:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Obwohl die Sukhoi Su-35S auf einem alten Modell aus der UDSSR basiert, gilt sie als gefährlichstes Kampfflugzeug der Welt – wenn man vom US-Jet F-22 Raptor absieht&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which I believe means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Despite being based on an older Soviel model, the SU-35s is considered the most threatening fighter aircraft in the world, except for United States' F-22 &quot;Raptor&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I think in this context &lt;em&gt;лучший после&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;the second best after&quot;, not &quot;the best since&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T12:50:37.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11706" CreationDate="2016-02-08T22:11:00.000" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Спорить&lt;/strong&gt; (people debate differing opinions)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Спорю на 5 баксов, что выйдет по-моему.&quot; &lt;em&gt;5 bucks says it'll happen my way.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они спорят о мелочах. &lt;em&gt;They're splitting hairs.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;О вкусах не спорят. &lt;em&gt;One man's meat is another man's poison.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ссориться&lt;/strong&gt; (people fight, feelings get hurt)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вы что, поссорились?&quot; &lt;em&gt;Did you guys have a fight?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Давай больше не будем ссориться?&quot; &lt;em&gt;Let's not fight anymore?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6699" LastActivityDate="2016-02-08T22:11:00.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11840" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-09T00:40:26.057" Score="4" ViewCount="598" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there an equivalent to the verb 'to multitask' or the act of 'multitasking' in Russian or possibly an English calque? I tried to think of other suitable English synonyms that could approximate 'multitask' and was unable to find a closer translation that doesn't read like a definition, such as 'делать два дела (/несколько дел) одновременно.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5201" LastActivityDate="2016-02-21T16:01:41.533" Title="How to Translate 'Multitask' or 'Multitasking?'" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11840" CreationDate="2016-02-09T03:04:46.593" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some special terms like &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;multitask&#xA;  1) Общая лексика: многозадачный&#xA;  2) Вычислительная техника: работать в многозадачном режиме, работать со многими задачами&#xA;  3) Автоматика: многозадачная работа, многозадачный режим работы, многофункциональность, многофункциональный, многоцелевой, мультизадачная работа, мультизадачный, мультизадачный режим работы&#xA;  4) Авиационная медицина: относящийся к (одновременному) выполнению нескольких операторских задач&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for everyday usage &quot;делать несколько дел сразу/одновременно &quot; is the best interpretation &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-02-09T03:04:46.593" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11843" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11840" CreationDate="2016-02-09T05:18:10.413" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In technical documentation, &quot;to multitask&quot; ≈ &quot;работать в многозадачном режиме&quot;. In everyday use, it's &quot;делать много дел сразу&quot;. There is no equivalent verb in Russian. We can understand English calque &quot;многозадачить&quot;, but it's not in the dictionary and sounds ugly. There is a programmer slang &quot;колбасить в много потоков&quot;, there &quot;колбасить&quot; is for &quot;to work fast&quot;, but I'm not sure it's not a Siberian region-specific.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translators often find it hard to translate some English verbs to Russian, because something simple may suddenly became complicated in Russian translation. In Russia, we call it &quot;English specific&quot;. We say that English is verb-based, which I believe is not really accurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-02-09T05:18:10.413" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11706" CreationDate="2016-02-09T19:53:09.283" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Когда люди &lt;strong&gt;ссорятся&lt;/strong&gt; - у них обязательно портятся отношения друг с другом. (Участники ссоры могут при этом &lt;em&gt;спорить&lt;/em&gt;, а могут и не спорить).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Relationship between people who &lt;strong&gt;quarrel&lt;/strong&gt; always becomes worse. (They may or may not &lt;em&gt;argue&lt;/em&gt; while doing that)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда люди &lt;strong&gt;спорят&lt;/strong&gt; - они имеют разные точки зрения относительно предмета спора.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When people argue - they discuss the subject while having different opinions on the subject. (They may or may not remain calm while doing that. When people &lt;em&gt;quarrel&lt;/em&gt; they &lt;em&gt;never&lt;/em&gt; remain calm.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6745" LastActivityDate="2016-02-09T19:53:09.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11840" CreationDate="2016-02-09T21:12:09.393" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no direct translations of these terms to Russsian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can think of only one occasion when this term was used - at a job interview I was asked: &quot;Насколько вы многозадачны?&quot; (How well you're able to multitask?), but it's not common Russian way of speaking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering these terms, people in Russia tend to speak 'definition-like' - check out this article: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.happymozg.ru/news/57&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.happymozg.ru/news/57&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6745" LastActivityDate="2016-02-09T21:12:09.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11846" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11848" CreationDate="2016-02-09T22:27:58.410" Score="15" ViewCount="3324" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, if I wanted to say &quot;I'm really rusty at chess because I have not played it in a long time&quot;, how would I do so while sounding more or less casual? I could say something like &quot;Я совсем забыл, как играть в шахматы&quot;, but that feels a bit unnatural and seems to imply that you've forgotten the rules of chess, rather than that you're simply out of practice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is even harder to translate when talking about video games, for example &quot;My aim in CS:GO is terrible, I'm so out of practice&quot;. &quot;Я совсем забыл, как целиться в CS:GO, ведь я так долго не тренировался&quot; seems a bit convoluted, and I have no idea how to properly translate &quot;aim&quot; :/&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6746" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-02-09T22:58:12.550" LastActivityDate="2016-02-10T15:02:32.963" Title="How would you translate &quot;I'm rusty&quot; (in relation to a skill) to Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11846" CreationDate="2016-02-09T22:56:20.020" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Забыл&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;позабыл&lt;/em&gt;) is perfectly OK when you are talking about &amp;quot;really rusty&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;A little rusty&amp;quot; would be &lt;em&gt;подзабыл&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я совсем позабыл, как играть в шахматы // I'm really rusty at chess&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я подзабыл, как играть в шахматы // I'm a little bit rusty at chess&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can replace either word with &lt;em&gt;разучился&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я совсем разучился целиться в CS:GO&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the Russian sentence allows the nominal construct, you can also use &lt;em&gt;хромает&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня математика хромает // I'm rusty at math&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-02-09T22:56:20.020" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11846" CreationDate="2016-02-09T23:20:03.327" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm really rusty at chess because I have not played it in a long time.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;А навык игры в шахматы-то я подрастерял за все это время. (maybe a bit too casual, but cannot really think of anything else)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My aim in CS:GO is terrible, I'm so out of practice.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Я так плохо целюсь в CS:GO, совсем навык потерял. ('rustiness' is more severe than in chess example)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я совсем забыл, как играть в шахматы.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Yes this means either &quot;I forgot the rules&quot; or &quot;I forgot all good strategies&quot;, so 'rustiness' is complete or very severe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6745" LastActivityDate="2016-02-09T23:20:03.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11846" CreationDate="2016-02-10T03:27:29.777" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's an expression from Gogol's novel. You can use it when you start to do something which you didn't practice for some time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Давненько я не брал в руки шашек &quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I always use that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-02-10T03:27:29.777" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11840" CreationDate="2016-02-10T13:35:56.830" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There used to be an old word from soviet times &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;многостаночник&lt;/a&gt; which referred to a person who worked on several machines at the factory. Obviously, this will not apply to software, where there is a standard term &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;многозадачный&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2016-02-10T13:35:56.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11846" CreationDate="2016-02-10T15:02:32.963" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say &lt;code&gt;Потерял сноровку&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сноровка&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ozhegov.com/words/33367.shtml&quot;&gt;defined&lt;/a&gt; as &lt;code&gt;Навык, умение в каком-н. деле&lt;/code&gt; (Skill, mastery in particular activity).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in your case you can use it like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я потерял сноровку игры в шахматы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6752" LastActivityDate="2016-02-10T15:02:32.963" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11852" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11853" CreationDate="2016-02-11T01:17:58.150" Score="5" ViewCount="571" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was typing a poem containing the word котейка into Google Translate and I came across this translation: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/keyXI.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/keyXI.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Searching for котейка seems to suggest that the word means a cat or kitten. Searching for Mike Farley just gives a lot of people called Mike Farley. Does &quot;Mike Farley&quot; have a special significance in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6759" LastActivityDate="2016-02-11T04:13:20.990" Title="Why does Google Translate translate котейка as &quot;Mike Farley&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11852" CreationDate="2016-02-11T04:13:20.990" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, he doesn't (as far as I know).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems like a result of misuse of &quot;Suggest an edit&quot; feature combined with erroneous assumptions of Google's algorithm, which maps words and phrases from one language to another based on texts it find on web.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another prominent example of the same phenomenon: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35251478&quot;&gt;Google translated Russia to 'Mordor' in 'automated' error&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user4820" LastActivityDate="2016-02-11T04:13:20.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11854" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11855" CreationDate="2016-02-11T15:55:14.407" Score="9" ViewCount="1770" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you say something like &lt;code&gt;That's child's play!&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;That's a piece of cake&lt;/code&gt; in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6766" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T21:59:43.720" Title="How to say something is easy?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11854" CreationDate="2016-02-11T16:03:10.283" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;Idiomatic variants, which can be used in both common speech and books, articles etc.: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You can say &quot;Это проще пареной репы!&quot;, literally &quot;It's easier, than steamed turnip!&quot;. Steamed turnip was a popular dish among Russian peasants, especially before introduction of potatoes into Russian cuisine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Это проще простого.&quot; - &quot;It's easier than easy.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Это просто, как дважды два!&quot; - &quot;It's easy, like two times two.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to be short and avoid using idioms, you can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Это элементарно&quot; - &quot;This is elementary&quot;. This is the simpliest, neutral and very common variant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Легкотня!&quot; (derived from adverb &quot;легкo&quot;, which in this case means &quot;easily&quot;). This variant is for informal use only.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speaking about simplicity of &lt;strong&gt;actions&lt;/strong&gt; (but not notions, concepts etc.) in informal cases you can use the following expressions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Раз плюнуть!&quot;, which means that performing this action is as easy as performing one spit. For example: &quot;Я ни за что не подниму такую тяжелую коробку, но для моего мужа это - раз плюнуть. Он и три таких запросто донесет!&quot; - &quot;I would never lift such a heavy box, but for my husband, it's a piece of cake. He can easily carry three times as much!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как нечего делать&quot;, literally &quot;Like nothing to do&quot;. &quot;Легкотня! Я за 5 минут управлюсь, как нечего делать.&quot; - &quot;That's child's play! I'll be done by 5 minutes, no sweat.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="6725" LastEditDate="2016-02-11T17:57:38.213" LastActivityDate="2016-02-11T17:57:38.213" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11854" CreationDate="2016-02-11T19:53:35.510" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Запросто,нет проблем,ничего не стоит,проще не бывает,играючи,без вопросов,легохонько,лёгко   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I am sure there are more...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-02-11T19:53:35.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11857" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11861" CreationDate="2016-02-12T12:28:34.003" Score="9" ViewCount="1291" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, there are &quot;classic&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knock-knock_joke&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;knock-knock jokes&lt;/a&gt; (1) based on puns, and two-line question-answer jokes (2) with witty punchlines:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;xxx: Knock knock!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;yyy: Who's there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;xxx: Lego!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;yyy: Lego who?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;xxx: Lego to the movies!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q: Where do astronauts hang out? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A: Spacebar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are more varieties, of course, but I'm only interested in these two, as they both are concise and don't require a setting or a backstory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; Are there similar jokes in the Russian language that are short, based exclusively on puns and wordplay, and that are currently popular? Some examples would be great. Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6699" LastEditorUserId="6699" LastEditDate="2016-02-16T19:58:10.983" LastActivityDate="2016-02-22T10:47:06.407" Title="A category of jokes based exclusively on puns and wordplay?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11857" CreationDate="2016-02-12T13:16:36.467" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I doubt there is such thing, but here you can find the list of the most popular anecdote topics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82#.D0.A0.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.91.D0.BD.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B5_.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BC.D1.8B_.D1.80.D1.83.D1.81.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8.D1.85_.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.B4.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.B2&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Анекдот#Распространённые темы русских анекдотов&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="90" LastActivityDate="2016-02-12T13:16:36.467" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11857" CreationDate="2016-02-13T08:01:39.827" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not quite sure but the following jokes should correspond to the &amp;quot;question -answer &amp;quot;type.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Ты высыпаешься по ночам?&#xA;– Куда высыпаюсь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Сколько бы вы дали мне лет?&#xA;– Вам своих мало?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– До меня не доходят смс!&#xA;– Спокойно, прочтите еще раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Этот поезд куда следует?&#xA;– Куда следует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Это курица?&#xA;– Нет, кушается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-02-13T08:01:39.827" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11862" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-14T01:30:15.947" Score="4" ViewCount="426" Body="&lt;p&gt;We have, I think, five prepositions that take or may take the prepositional case: в, на,  о, при, по. But which of these (appart from  в and на) take the locative in -ý when that form exists? And which don't?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6776" LastActivityDate="2016-02-14T02:59:36.480" Title="Prepositional vs. locative case" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11862" CreationDate="2016-02-14T02:59:36.480" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;При&lt;/em&gt; can also govern the locative form, especially in poetic language, though this usage is quite archaic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Верстах в двух от него, возле неглубокого яра, при шляху, Григорий спешил казаков, расположил в ярке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ой, при лужку, при лужке…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note the mix of the two cases in the song lyric above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that the form in &lt;em&gt;-у&lt;/em&gt; is used both in locative and prepositional for some nouns (&lt;em&gt;мост, полк, бок&lt;/em&gt; etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prepositional has quite a limited use with &lt;em&gt;по&lt;/em&gt; and can be replaced with dative in most cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-02-14T02:59:36.480" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11857" CreationDate="2016-02-14T15:42:04.490" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Somehow popular is the genre of пирожки, poems in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iamb_(poetry)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;iamb&lt;/a&gt; but without rhyme. Appeared in 2003 in the internets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are several random (not interconnected) examples of pirozhki:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;олег на утреннике в школе&#xA;глядит на пляшущих детей&#xA;и понимает что для счастья&#xA;порой достаточно кота&#xA;&#xA;вчера я продал душу черту&#xA;причем по выгодной цене&#xA;но он заметил в ней дефекты&#xA;и по гарантии вернул&#xA;&#xA;я сзади подойду прикрою&#xA;ладонями твои глаза&#xA;и буду слушать грустно виктор&#xA;иван василий константин &#xA;&#xA;когда мы встретились глазами&#xA;мы оба поняли что нам&#xA;необходимо повстречаться&#xA;друг с другом чем нибудь ещё&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.adme.ru/svoboda-narodnoe-tvorchestvo/luchshie-pirozhki-i-poroshki-2014-722360/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;а где тут руль?&quot; — спросил гагарин&#xA;&quot;деревня!&quot; — буркнул королёв&#xA;&quot;ещё спроси «а где тут вожжи»&quot;&#xA;&quot;ещё «поехали» скажи&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(punctuation is mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastEditorUserId="5454" LastEditDate="2016-02-22T10:47:06.407" LastActivityDate="2016-02-22T10:47:06.407" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11865" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11854" CreationDate="2016-02-14T17:56:32.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also, you can say: &quot;Просто, как два пальца об асфальт.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6780" LastActivityDate="2016-02-14T17:56:32.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11866" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11867" CreationDate="2016-02-14T19:27:43.793" Score="2" ViewCount="401" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read the following sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Две девочки разговаривают друг с другом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мужчины помогают друг другу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они танцуют друг с другом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the meaning in each sentence is something like the followings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two girls talk with each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Men is helping each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are dancing together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I don't get when to use &lt;code&gt;друг с другом&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;друг другу&lt;/code&gt;. What is the difference between them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5870" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-02-22T11:32:25.173" Title="What is the difference between друг с другом and друг другу?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11867" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11866" CreationDate="2016-02-14T20:07:24.720" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's simply Dative vs. Instrumental case issue. There is natural (although hidden in your translation) correspondence here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;dance &lt;strong&gt;with&lt;/strong&gt; --&gt; Instrumental case --&gt; танцевать друг с друг&lt;strong&gt;ом&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  help &lt;strong&gt;to&lt;/strong&gt; --&gt; Dative case --&gt; помогать друг друг&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;em&gt;разговаривать&lt;/em&gt; yet differs: in Russian &lt;em&gt;разговаривать&lt;/em&gt; denotes &quot;cross-personal&quot; communication exclusively, so it requires Instrumental &quot;with&quot;. If you need Dative &quot;to&quot;, you have to use imperfective form &quot;&lt;em&gt;говорить&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (note that both are OK, though slightly different: &lt;em&gt;говорить друг другу&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;говорить друг с другом&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-02-14T20:07:24.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11868" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-14T20:18:20.300" Score="1" ViewCount="244" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the comparative form of холодный?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;холоднéе//похолоднéе//холоднéй//похолоднéй&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6781" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-02-15T14:01:51.307" LastActivityDate="2016-02-15T14:01:51.307" Title="What is the comparative form of холодный?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11868" CreationDate="2016-02-15T00:36:23.457" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-ей&lt;/strong&gt; forms of comparatives are either colloquial or poetic, and in both cases they're used in free variation with &lt;strong&gt;-ее&lt;/strong&gt;. A more formal style of speech requires &lt;strong&gt;-ее&lt;/strong&gt; only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now as regards &lt;strong&gt;по-&lt;/strong&gt;, there's a limited number of contexts where you'd use it. Firstly, when you talk about &quot;a colder X&quot; as opposed to &quot;X is colder&quot;; e.g. &lt;em&gt;В странах похолоднее, вроде России или Канады, плотность населения меньше.&lt;/em&gt; &quot;Colder countries such as Russia or Canada have lower population density.&quot; Note that you could also use &lt;strong&gt;поменьше&lt;/strong&gt; in that sentence, which brings us to the second use of &lt;strong&gt;по-&lt;/strong&gt;, which is a little harder to pinpoint. Say, in that last sentence, &quot;a little harder&quot; is a clear case for &lt;strong&gt;потруднее&lt;/strong&gt; — which already kind of implies the &quot;a little&quot; part; but that doesn't quite mean that &lt;strong&gt;по-&lt;/strong&gt; denotes a small difference; rather, that difference isn't great (so it could be small or just &quot;regular&quot;), but it's definitely one that you'd notice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another use of &lt;strong&gt;по-&lt;/strong&gt; is to denote a desired increase in a certain quality. &lt;em&gt;Готовят там отлично, а вот пиво могло бы быть похолоднее.&lt;/em&gt; &quot;The cooking's great there, but the beer could be colder&quot;. &lt;em&gt;Побольше бы таких сюрпризов.&lt;/em&gt; &quot;I wish we had more surprises like that.&quot; (I know it's an adverb here rather than an adjective, but it works the same way.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-02-15T00:36:23.457" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11870" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11871" CreationDate="2016-02-15T05:48:41.340" Score="2" ViewCount="156" Body="&lt;p&gt;Помогите, пожалуйста, перевести метафору в предложении. So we worked collectively to chisel, to carve out the gem from the rock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6364" LastActivityDate="2016-02-15T11:58:09.837" Title="как красиво перевести метафору to chisel, to carve out the gem from the rock?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-02-15T14:00:35.483" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11870" CreationDate="2016-02-15T10:00:02.453" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;огранить этот алмаз&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;отсечь все лишнее от глыбы мрамора  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возможно, второй вариант для более подготовленного читателя. Разные варианты этой фразы приписываются Родену и Микеланджело.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5454" LastActivityDate="2016-02-15T10:00:02.453" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11870" CreationDate="2016-02-15T10:55:48.393" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;вот так: &quot;сделать из говна конфетку&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6784" LastActivityDate="2016-02-15T10:55:48.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11870" CreationDate="2016-02-15T11:58:09.837" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы приложили немало усилий,чтобы превратить неграненый алмаз в бриллиант чистой воды.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не зная контекста,конечно...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-02-15T11:58:09.837" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11857" CreationDate="2016-02-17T16:00:35.657" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's nothing similar to knock-knock jokes in Russian (fortunately, I would say). There are plenty of jokes involving puns, and based exclusively on puns and wordplay, but not in a recognizable form with a rigid structure like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3887" LastActivityDate="2016-02-17T16:00:35.657" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11857" CreationDate="2016-02-17T17:09:54.053" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure about popularity, but I personally find those funny:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;xxx: - У нее иссяк запал.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  yyy: - Что запало?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  xxx: - Иссяк.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q: Кулич будешь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A: Я бросил. Мне бы выпечь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tell me if you need explanation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6801" LastActivityDate="2016-02-17T17:09:54.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11876" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11878" CreationDate="2016-02-19T04:48:48.910" Score="1" ViewCount="896" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как перевести на Русский &quot;dry humor&quot;, &quot;dry sense of humor&quot; или &quot;deadpan&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;тонкий юмор&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6808" LastActivityDate="2016-02-19T13:55:16.560" Title="dry humor or “deadpan”" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11876" CreationDate="2016-02-19T06:00:47.883" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Существует точный перевод. &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Английский юмор.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-02-19T06:00:47.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7035" CreationDate="2016-02-19T06:13:07.973" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Оволосение по мужскому типу&quot;.&#xA;Для мужчин - физиологическая норма, для женщин либо индивидуальная особенность, либо симптом какого-либо заболевания. Обычно сильно беспокоит женщин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-02-19T06:13:07.973" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11876" CreationDate="2016-02-19T10:53:11.480" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ещё можно перевести через определение: &lt;strong&gt;хорошо скрываемый сарказм&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или вот выдержка из &lt;a href=&quot;http://daily.afisha.ru/archive/vozduh/archive/guide-to-summer-times/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;статьи&lt;/a&gt;, где при переводе даётся транслитерация:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Фильм снят в жанре &lt;strong&gt;дедпэн&lt;/strong&gt;, что дословно на русский язык переводится&#xA;  как «&lt;strong&gt;комедия, в которой шутят с невозмутимым лицом&lt;/strong&gt;» — как, например,&#xA;  это происходит у Вуди Аллена.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример такого юмора, который понимаешь не сразу:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Mahatma Ghandi was asked by an English journalist what he thought of&#xA;  Western Civilization. Ghandi replied, &quot;Ahhh, that would be a very good&#xA;  idea.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6699" LastActivityDate="2016-02-19T10:53:11.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11876" CreationDate="2016-02-19T13:44:09.503" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Дело в том что значение слова humor происходит от &quot;влага&quot;. Так что &quot;сухой юмор&quot; это выражение само по себе довольно забавное, как &quot;сухая вода&quot;.&#xA;В другом форуме я уже пытался ответить что не всегда можно перевести humor однозначно как юмор. В зависимости от контекста это - общая манера поведения,  personality, или даже тип темперамента (была какая то древняя теория, будто 4 темперамента определяются преобладающей жидкостью организма - кровь, желчь и т.д.) Sense of humor - это чувство юмора, да.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6807" LastEditorUserId="6807" LastEditDate="2016-02-19T13:55:16.560" LastActivityDate="2016-02-19T13:55:16.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11883" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11885" CreationDate="2016-02-20T01:44:40.177" Score="0" ViewCount="188" Body="&lt;p&gt;картинка, рисунок, изображение&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6813" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-02-20T05:50:40.097" LastActivityDate="2016-02-20T05:50:40.097" Title="Картинка, рисунок, изображение - what are the differences?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11884" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-20T03:55:29.660" Score="1" ViewCount="176" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JKBDO.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JKBDO.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;What is real equivalent(s) of the word &amp;quot;речь&amp;quot; on the picture?&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the real equivalent(s) of the word &quot;речь&quot; on the picture?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6813" LastActivityDate="2016-02-20T13:08:24.113" Title="What is the real equivalent(s) of the word &quot;речь&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11883" CreationDate="2016-02-20T04:02:16.063" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Картинка&quot; literally means &quot;little picture&quot;. While &quot;картина&quot; refers to an art object, &quot;картинка&quot; is something not so great, but usually describes something beautiful or at least interesting. For example, &quot;&lt;em&gt;красивый, как картинка&lt;/em&gt;&quot;/&quot;&lt;em&gt;красивый, как [будто сошёл] с картинки&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Generally, &quot;картинка&quot; has positive connotation, while &quot;рисунок&quot; and &quot;изображение&quot; are more neutral.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Рисунок&quot; without a context commonly refers to a child drawing or rock paintings. In technical documentation, illustrations are also often called &quot;рисунок&quot;. For example, very common technical phrase is &quot;см. рис. 1&quot;, where &quot;см.&quot; is for &quot;смотри&quot;, &quot;рис.&quot; for &quot;рисунок&quot;. Though a technical drawing is never called &quot;рисунок&quot;, it's &quot;чертёж&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Изображение&quot; is just a 2D representation of any real world object. Though with modern technologies, it could also be 3D. This word is not so common in conversation, it sounds pretty techinical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-02-20T04:02:16.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11886" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11887" CreationDate="2016-02-20T04:19:34.020" Score="5" ViewCount="287" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uCe9n.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uCe9n.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;pic_ik&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;its not hard to guess it's about stress of words but what &quot;ик-1, 2, 3&quot; stands for? there is no explanation in my book about it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6813" LastActivityDate="2016-02-20T05:54:51.303" Title="What is the expansion for the abbreviation(ик) on the image?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11887" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11886" CreationDate="2016-02-20T05:54:47.343" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ИК&lt;/strong&gt; stands for &lt;strong&gt;интонационная конструкция&lt;/strong&gt; (intonation construction), the numbers point at particular tone combinations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fsi-russian.yojik.eu/ch03s11.xhtml&quot;&gt;http://fsi-russian.yojik.eu/ch03s11.xhtml&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-02-20T05:54:47.343" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11886" CreationDate="2016-02-20T05:54:51.303" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;ИК&quot; stands for &quot;интонационная конструкция&quot; (intonation structure) though I have to admit that this is not some wide-known term. It's just that some Russian-language linguists developed classification counting different intonations in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; you can find one of such classifications.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2016-02-20T05:54:51.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11884" CreationDate="2016-02-20T13:08:24.113" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The exact translation of &lt;code&gt;речь&lt;/code&gt; would be &lt;code&gt;speech&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;talking&lt;/code&gt;. But &lt;code&gt;о чем идет речь?&lt;/code&gt; is an idiom (collocation?). The literal translation is &lt;code&gt;what is the speech about&lt;/code&gt;, but more correct one is &lt;code&gt;what are they/you talking about&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2016-02-20T13:08:24.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11890" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-02-20T15:42:10.293" Score="5" ViewCount="441" Body="&lt;p&gt;предмет=вещь? предмет=урок? &#xA;if i got it correct in some cases it means &quot;thing&quot;, in some cases it means &quot;lesson&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6813" LastEditorUserId="6813" LastEditDate="2016-02-20T16:10:57.257" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T09:08:30.200" Title="i'm confused with the meanin of the word &quot;предмет&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11890" CreationDate="2016-02-20T16:14:37.447" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Предмет&lt;/strong&gt; is a word whose meaning oscillates between &quot;object&quot; and &quot;subject&quot;. &lt;strong&gt;Предмет&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't mean &quot;lesson&quot;, it means the thing that lessons are in — math, literature, etc. In English, these are called &lt;em&gt;subjects&lt;/em&gt;, so there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-02-20T16:14:37.447" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11892" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11890" CreationDate="2016-02-20T16:23:04.960" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several meanings of the noun &quot;предмет&quot;  in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A thing:  &#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;предмет домашнего обихода, предмет неопределённой формы. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;An object of thought, action:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;предмет спора,предмет любви.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Science or school subject:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;школьные предметы, успевать по всем предметам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Purpose in the phrase:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;на предмет чего-то.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="5582" LastEditDate="2016-02-21T16:00:21.870" LastActivityDate="2016-02-21T16:00:21.870" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7035" CreationDate="2016-02-20T20:07:37.443" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;В приведенной Вами статье речь идет не о вторичном половом признаке, а вообще обо всех сравнительно длинных, &quot;полноценных&quot; волосах на теле (в отличие от волос на голове и от пушковых волос, которыми покрыто все тело практически с рождения). У обоих полов они растут под влиянием гормонов андрогенов, отсюда и название &quot;androgenic&quot;. Эти гормоны есть как у мужчин, так и у женщин. У обоих полов они начинают вырабатываться корой надпочечников (а не половыми органами) в самом-самом начале полового созревания. Позже у мужчин они начинают вырабатываться также яичками (в большом количестве) а у женщин - яичниками (в маленьком количестве). В результате у мужчин их получается больше, поэтому и волос на теле тоже больше. В контексте данной статьи, перевод &quot;оволосение по мужскому типу&quot; вряд ли можно считать правильным, потому что там говорится про явление роста волос на теле под влиянием андрогенов в целом, у обоих полов. По-русски эти волосы, похоже, не принято называть &quot;андрогенными&quot;. Думаю, можно написать просто &quot;волосы на теле&quot;, или, возможно, &quot;оволосение тела&quot;, но насчет последнего не уверена.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastActivityDate="2016-02-20T20:07:37.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11840" CreationDate="2016-02-21T16:01:41.533" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Often found in &quot;negative&quot; meaning: &quot;Я &lt;strong&gt;разрываюсь между&lt;/strong&gt; несколькими делами&quot;. (Обычно такое можно слышать от женщины. В отличие от мужчин, женщина может погнаться за двумя и более зайцами, и поймает всех).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6807" LastActivityDate="2016-02-21T16:01:41.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11899" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11902" CreationDate="2016-02-21T20:10:20.703" Score="5" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am never quite sure when to stress particles such as &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I am confused about people saying that the &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; in the past tense feminine is stressed, and whether or not this is always the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I am aware that stress is very irregular and can move around when the case, gender, number, or conjugation changes.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-02-22T08:18:38.003" Title="Stress on Particles and Past Tense" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;&lt;tense&gt;&lt;particles&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11900" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11901" CreationDate="2016-02-21T20:30:57.113" Score="1" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes I find it hard to pronounce letter combinations with &lt;code&gt;л&lt;/code&gt; such as &lt;code&gt;лю&lt;/code&gt; at the end of the word &lt;code&gt;люблю&lt;/code&gt; (or perhaps &lt;code&gt;ля&lt;/code&gt;), and it's hard to tell whether or not native speakers are saying 'lyu' or just 'lu'. Is there any secret (other than softening the &lt;code&gt;л&lt;/code&gt;) to saying these combos?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastEditorUserId="6816" LastEditDate="2016-02-27T19:48:32.533" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T22:05:11.393" Title="Soft Indicating Vowels" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11900" CreationDate="2016-02-21T22:25:08.467" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When it comes to pronunciation, &quot;лю&quot; in &lt;em&gt;люблю&lt;/em&gt; is like &quot;lu&quot; in &lt;em&gt;illusion&lt;/em&gt; if you say it energetically with your lips rounded and protruded. Basically, it's the soft / л / plus an / у / that you say in the front part of your mouth instead of the back part as you'd usually do for аn / у / used in combination with hard consonants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ля&quot; in, for example, &lt;em&gt;Земля&lt;/em&gt;, the Earth, is the soft / л / from &quot;лю&quot; plus an open vowel sound / æ / from, for example, &lt;em&gt;land&lt;/em&gt; if you say it right in the front part of your mouth and without creating any constrictions to the airflow; try smiling with the corners of your mouth and also relaxing and &quot;dropping&quot; your jaw a bit for better effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6699" LastActivityDate="2016-02-21T22:25:08.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11899" CreationDate="2016-02-21T22:44:37.817" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; is written separately, I can only think of two cases when it's stressed: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the past tense of &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt;, except the feminine form (so &lt;strong&gt;нé был&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;нé было&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;нé были&lt;/strong&gt;, but &lt;strong&gt;не былá&lt;/strong&gt;);&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the pronouns &lt;strong&gt;некого&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;нечего&lt;/strong&gt; when split by a preposition: &lt;strong&gt;нé у кого&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;нé с чем&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;-а&lt;/strong&gt; in the feminine past tense is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; always stressed, and I'm sorry to say there's no useful rule to determine when it is (i.e. one that wouldn't have a ton of exceptions) other than a &lt;em&gt;tendency&lt;/em&gt; for those verbs to have monosyllabic or &lt;strong&gt;-ти&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;-чь&lt;/strong&gt; infinitives. (For our purposes, a monosyllabic infinitive with a prefix still counts as monosyllabic: &lt;strong&gt;проспать&lt;/strong&gt;–&lt;strong&gt;проспалá&lt;/strong&gt;, same as &lt;strong&gt;спать&lt;/strong&gt;–&lt;strong&gt;спалá&lt;/strong&gt;. Again, mostly. &lt;strong&gt;Забыть&lt;/strong&gt; is an exception. It really is &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; irregular.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-02-21T22:44:37.817" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11857" CreationDate="2016-02-22T00:05:20.377" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Joke based on wordplay: maybe, &quot;прибаутка&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vedu.ru/expdic/26094/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;see here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6807" LastActivityDate="2016-02-22T00:05:20.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11904" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11908" CreationDate="2016-02-22T06:54:43.333" Score="2" ViewCount="1698" Body="&lt;p&gt;Каково значение слова уроки в следующей строфе Евгения Онегина?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как он умел казаться новым,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Шутя невинность изумлять,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пугать отчаяньем готовым,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Приятной лестью забавлять,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ловить минуту умиленья,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Невинных лет предубежденья&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Умом и страстью побеждать,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Невольной ласки ожидать,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Молить и требовать признанья,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подслушать сердца первый звук,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Преследовать любовь и вдруг&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Добиться тайного свиданья…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И после ей наедине&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Давать уроки в тишине!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Имеются ли в виду уроки &quot;науки страсти нежной&quot; или же Онегин смеётся над любовью девушек, научая их чему-то вместо свидания?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2380" LastActivityDate="2016-03-06T00:17:47.677" Title="&quot;И после ей наедине // Давать уроки в тишине!&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11899" CreationDate="2016-02-22T08:18:38.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stress in past tense feminine verbs is a painful issue for many native speakers too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answer from &lt;a href=&quot;https://ask.fm/russian/answers/127410272828&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В каких глаголах женского рода ударение падает на последний слог?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ударение в прошедшем времени обычно падает на тот же слог, что и в неопределенной форме глагола (например, смотрЕть — смотрЕла). Однако у большинства односложных глаголов (и глаголов, образованных от односложных с помощью приставок) ударение в форме женского рода прошедшего времени падает на последний слог:&#xA;  взялА&#xA;  бралА&#xA;  ждалА&#xA;  лгалА&#xA;  вралА&#xA;  дралА&#xA;  рвалА&#xA;  звалА&#xA;  гналА&#xA;  лилА&#xA;  пилА&#xA;  далА&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  У этих глаголов со всеми приставками (кроме приставки вы-) и с постфиксом –сь ударение также падает на последний слог: убралА, совралА, взорвалАсь, отозвалАсь.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Исключения.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  У глаголов класть, красть и красться, пасть, упасть, слать, послать, стлать ударение в форме женского рода прошедшего времени остаётся на основе:&#xA;  клАла, крАла, пАла, упАла, крАлась, слАла, послАла, стлАла.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5454" LastActivityDate="2016-02-22T08:18:38.003" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11904" CreationDate="2016-02-22T10:09:44.457" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Полагаю, что автор намеренно допускает двойственность. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Понятно, что (так как Евгений учился &quot;чему-нибудь и как-нибудь&quot; и обширными научными знаниями похвастать, вероятно, не мог) &quot;науку страсти нежной&quot; герой знал тверже всех остальных наук. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако, видя себя в качестве взрослого мужчины, утомленного жизненным опытом, &quot;уроками&quot; можно также считать &quot;чтение морали&quot;, &quot;поучения&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6823" LastActivityDate="2016-02-22T10:09:44.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11866" CreationDate="2016-02-22T11:32:25.173" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It actually depends on verb syntax. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;разговаривать (с кем?) - с другом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;помогать (кому?) - другу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;танцевать (с кем?) - с другом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6824" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-02-22T11:32:25.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11904" CreationDate="2016-02-22T12:22:15.883" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Имеются ли в виду уроки &quot;науки страсти нежной&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Определенно, той самой, &quot;которую воспел Назон&quot;, причем во всех смыслах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;или же Онегин смеётся над любовью девушек, научая их чему-то вместо свидания?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы имеете в виду, как это случилось с Татьяной?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Но я не создан для блаженства;&#xA;Ему чужда душа моя;&#xA;Напрасны ваши совершенства:&#xA;Их вовсе недостоин я.&#xA;и т.д.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нет, в начале первой главе он далеко еще не стал &quot;отступником бурных наслаждений&quot;. В начале романа вообще хватает недвусмысленных намеков на опыт веселой столичной жизни: &quot;Вы также маменьки построже за дочерьми смотрите вслед... не то, не то, избави Боже&quot;, &quot;Держу я счастливое стремя и ножку чувствую в руках&quot; и пр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-02-22T12:22:15.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11909" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11910" CreationDate="2016-02-22T16:20:57.393" Score="10" ViewCount="4209" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему в словосочетании &lt;em&gt;&quot;палка о двух концах&quot;&lt;/em&gt; используется такой странный предлог? Я ещё нашёл &lt;em&gt;&quot;человек есть животное о двух ногах, лишенное перьев&quot;&lt;/em&gt; Платона. Предлог &lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt; раньше значил также &lt;em&gt;с&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2380" LastActivityDate="2016-03-04T00:48:22.117" Title="&quot;Палка о двух концах&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11909" CreationDate="2016-02-22T16:41:21.247" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Да, предлог &lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt; можно использовать в значении &lt;em&gt;с&lt;/em&gt;. При этом подразумевается тесная, неотъемлемая принадлежность. Даль пишет:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С качественными и числительными, объясняет эти принадлежности&#xA;  предмета: с чем. &lt;em&gt;Храм о золотой главе, о трех главах. Печи о глухих&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  (герметических) &lt;em&gt;дверках. Ведь ты не о двух головах. У нас о дышле не&#xA;  ездят, все об оглоблях. Стоит Потап о четырех лапах, из году в год&#xA;  воду пьет&lt;/em&gt; (рассадник).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако сейчас такой оборот, за исключением устоявшихся выражений вроде &lt;em&gt;&quot;палка о двух концах&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, звучит архаично и излишне пафосно для разговорной речи. Он уместен в сказках, легендах и стилизации под них, для придания &quot;фольклорного&quot; колорита.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6828" LastEditorUserId="6828" LastEditDate="2016-02-22T16:50:43.740" LastActivityDate="2016-02-22T16:50:43.740" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11911" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11912" CreationDate="2016-02-22T18:19:14.580" Score="5" ViewCount="809" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know there is perfective and imperfective verb structure in interesting Russian language such as гулять(imperf) and погулять(perf). However after i've tried to translate those 2 verbs in the question title, i came across with same equivalent which is the verb &quot;to call&quot; and that made me a bit confused. Can you explain difference(s) with examples in English and Russian. Thanks in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6813" LastEditorUserId="6813" LastEditDate="2016-02-22T18:24:17.177" LastActivityDate="2016-02-22T19:01:09.590" Title="звать/позвать and звонить/позвонить - What are the differences between these verbs?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11911" CreationDate="2016-02-22T18:44:24.317" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Звонить&lt;/strong&gt; is the phone verb. In Russian, you don't call but &quot;ring&quot; someone on the phone. &lt;strong&gt;Звать&lt;/strong&gt; is the general calling verb, as in shouting after someone or referring to what someone is named. &lt;strong&gt;Позвонить&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;позвать&lt;/strong&gt; are their respective perfective pairs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is yet another equivalent of the English &quot;call&quot;, and it's &lt;strong&gt;называть&lt;/strong&gt;. It means &quot;call&quot; in the narrow sense of &quot;refer to as&quot;; it's the one you use when talking about what inanimate objects are called (&lt;strong&gt;В Петербурге бордюр называют поребриком&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;In St Petersburg, a kerb is called &lt;em&gt;porebrik&lt;/em&gt;&quot;), and when talking about something that a person is called which isn't a name (&lt;strong&gt;Многие называют его шарлатаном&lt;/strong&gt; — &quot;Many are calling him a quack&quot;.) The perfective of &lt;strong&gt;называть&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;назвать&lt;/strong&gt;. The reflexive form &lt;strong&gt;называться&lt;/strong&gt; is also often used in the sense of &quot;to be called&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-02-22T18:44:24.317" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11911" CreationDate="2016-02-22T19:01:09.590" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Звать&lt;/em&gt; essentially means to use &lt;em&gt;a voice&lt;/em&gt;, that is to cry for someone or smth. Although there is yet another meaning - to refer to smth., to give a name to someone - but it's clear that &quot;a name&quot; is just a thing said in &quot;voice&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Звонить&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;to ring a bell&lt;/em&gt;, that is to make some noise by using an object. It applies to door bells, or telephone ring etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-02-22T19:01:09.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11914" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11915" CreationDate="2016-02-23T20:29:06.003" Score="3" ViewCount="1210" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правда ли, что &lt;em&gt;рубашка&lt;/em&gt; (от &lt;em&gt;рубить&lt;/em&gt;) -- более-менее единственный элемент &lt;strong&gt;современной&lt;/strong&gt; одежды или обуви, называющимся исконно русским словом? Вот тут список некоторых из основных слов, все остальные предметы которого имеют заимствованные названия:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;рубашка, пальто, шуба, шапка, кепка, пиджак, костюм, сюртук, куртка, кофта, свитер, джемпер, пуловер, майка, трусы, штаны, брюки, джинсы, юбка, чулки, ботинки, туфли&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему так велика доля заимствованной лексики? Является ли это феноменом русского языка?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2380" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T21:50:16.330" Title="Рубашка -- единственное исконно-русское название предмета одежды?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11914" CreationDate="2016-02-23T21:08:13.317" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Большое количество заимствованных слов, обозначающих предметы одежды, неудивительно, если вспомнить, что мода в Россию, по крайней мере, с петровских времен, приходила из-за границы. Этим же объясняется и вытеснение заимствованными формами русских слов: Если одеваться по иностранной моде престижно, то Вы скорее наденете голландские &lt;em&gt;брюки&lt;/em&gt;, чем русские &lt;em&gt;портки&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тем не менее, &lt;em&gt;рубашка&lt;/em&gt; - далеко не единственный предмет одежды, называемый русским словом. На ум приходят &lt;strong&gt;платье&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;сорочка&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;дублёнка&lt;/strong&gt;; части одежды, например, &lt;strong&gt;рукав&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;воротник&lt;/strong&gt;. Кроме того, из приведенных Вами слов некоторые, например, &lt;em&gt;шуба&lt;/em&gt;, используются в славянских языках с глубокой древности, будучи, таким образом, старше и русского этноса, и современного русского языка. Так что они вполне могут считаться исконно-русскими.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6828" LastEditorUserId="6828" LastEditDate="2016-02-24T00:00:53.457" LastActivityDate="2016-02-24T00:00:53.457" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11917" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11921" CreationDate="2016-02-24T12:46:06.470" Score="1" ViewCount="789" Body="&lt;p&gt;During my learning process of Russian language, i use my poor English skills to compare these two languages. Could you please tell me which verb group(imperfective and perfective) in the question title is the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to listen&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in English? If both of them too(because translator shows up &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to listen&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; for both of those verb groups) so what is the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6813" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-02-24T15:21:50.497" LastActivityDate="2016-02-24T15:48:12.920" Title="слушать/послушать and прослушать/прослушивать - what is the difference(s) between these verbs?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11918" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11919" CreationDate="2016-02-24T13:37:56.473" Score="5" ViewCount="2679" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any explanation why a lot of sites use &quot;липсинг&quot; word instead of &quot;липсинк&quot;? Obviously it's russian version of the &quot;lip-sync&quot; word and should be written as &quot;липсинк&quot;. Sure thing I know it's not &quot;official&quot; russian word but I'm still wondering. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.trpub.ru/perevod-video/lipsing/&quot;&gt;http://www.trpub.ru/perevod-video/lipsing/&lt;/a&gt; even this site that provides translation services uses &quot;липсинг&quot; version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="417" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T10:56:38.970" Title="Липсинг или Липсинк?" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11918" CreationDate="2016-02-24T14:02:35.157" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Though correct transliteration of lyp-sync is липсин&lt;strong&gt;К&lt;/strong&gt;, липсин&lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt; is often used instead, because the word is not listed in dictionaries, and as such, Russian speakers use their language feeling to decide which writing form suites best in this case. Note that most Russian speakers do not know English, so they do not use English rules here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, from a perspective of Russian-speaker, a word that sounds like [липсинк] can be written in two ways: липсинк and липсинг (both writings are pronounced the same way - [липсинк], this process is known as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final-obstruent_devoicing#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;devoicing&lt;/a&gt;). Russian speaker knows that many borrowed words (they may or may not be aware of English origin of those words) have 'инг' at the end: фактчекинг, лизинг, конвертинг, спарринг, допинг, шопинг, тюнинг, кастинг, тренинг and so on and so forth. Since [липсинк] obviously goes to borrowed category, it seems that 'инг' ending is 'more correct' than 'инк' ending. This version is also backed by the fact that writing 'инк' in this position instead of 'инг' is a common spelling error (since both endings are pronounced the same way).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;And in fact 'инк' ending is not common to other Russian words as well. Almost all nouns that have such ending are limited by: цинк, сцинк (lizard), инк (one of Inca people). Other words are proper and family names like Метерлинк, Хиддинк, Пинк Флойд. Non-listed in dictionaries, but known are линк (пруфлинк, гиперлинк), дринк (софт-дринк, лонг-дринк). So we have here only 10 nouns (plus 20 family names), while there are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?s=%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3]&amp;amp;FindNouns=ON&amp;amp;a=133&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;over 400&lt;/a&gt; words ending with -инг.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such transformation, based on common native speakers impression what is 'correct' and what is 'incorrect' resulted in modification of borrowed or existing Russian words with spelling similar to common spelling errors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Initially &lt;strong&gt;Фляшка&lt;/strong&gt; - later replaced with &lt;strong&gt;фляжка&lt;/strong&gt; (borrowed from Polish flasza, looks like шк/жк misspelling)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пошта&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;почта&lt;/strong&gt; (borrowed from Polish росztа, looks like шт/чт misspelling)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Машта&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;мачта&lt;/strong&gt; (borrowed from Dutch mast, looks like шт/чт misspelling)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though липсин&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt; may look more correct for a Russian eye (non-aware of English grammar and phonetics), the fact that most dictionaries do not contain this word, and existence of дринк and линк leaves a chance that consistent usage of липсинк will overcome incorrect transliteration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-02-25T10:56:38.970" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T10:56:38.970" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11914" CreationDate="2016-02-24T15:18:44.697" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Рубашка - уменьшительное от рубаха, роба. Возможно, происходит вовсе не от &quot;рубить&quot; а от &quot;робить&quot; (работать), но может быть даже из библейского лексикона.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почему так велика доля заимствованной лексики? Является ли это феноменом русского языка?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если коротко - да, несомненно. Не феномен, а факт. Вот, библейский лексикон в том числе. (Возможно есть языки и с бОльшим процентом импорта... не знаю.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6807" LastEditorUserId="6807" LastEditDate="2016-02-24T16:29:18.093" LastActivityDate="2016-02-24T16:29:18.093" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11917" CreationDate="2016-02-24T15:48:12.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most likely, when listening to a live person or live TV/radio, you want forms of &quot;слушать&quot;: &quot;я сл'ушаю&quot;, &quot;ты меня сл'ушаешь?&quot; &quot;сл'ушай!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Listening to a recording, podcast (but not to live broadcast) - &quot;просл'ушать&quot;, &quot;просл'ушивать&quot;. &quot;Я просл'ушал з'апись л'екции&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Посл'ушать - the main meaning is past/perfect or imperative of &quot;слушать&quot; : &quot;посл'ушай меня&quot;, &quot;послушай эту музыку&quot; (again, if this is about a recording, use &quot;прослушай&quot; instead). &quot;Я послушал это, но не понял&quot;.&#xA;There are other, less frequent meanings of all these forms, for example &quot;прослушивать&quot; means also eavesdropping. &quot;Слушать&quot; also can mean to obey, comply to smb.  But I'll stop now. Good luck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6807" LastActivityDate="2016-02-24T15:48:12.920" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11922" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11923" CreationDate="2016-02-24T20:33:30.077" Score="1" ViewCount="138" Body="&lt;p&gt;When we are using term &lt;strong&gt;за границу&lt;/strong&gt; and when we are using term &lt;strong&gt;за границей&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6833" LastActivityDate="2016-02-24T20:54:02.350" Title="За границей или за границу?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11923" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11922" CreationDate="2016-02-24T20:54:02.350" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Куда?&quot; - За границу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Где?&quot; - За границей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6828" LastActivityDate="2016-02-24T20:54:02.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11924" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11929" CreationDate="2016-02-24T21:13:41.797" Score="4" ViewCount="673" Body="&lt;p&gt;For translators all of those verbs are the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to use&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in English. Is it correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6813" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T11:30:09.893" Title="употреблять/употребить and использовать/поиспользовать - what is difference(s) between these verbs?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11925" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11928" CreationDate="2016-02-24T23:25:26.560" Score="2" ViewCount="199" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я играю в футбол и шахматы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я играю в футбол и в шахматы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this sentences grammatically correct? &#xA;Or we should use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я играю в футбол и играю в шахматы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6833" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T04:40:24.920" Title="играть в футбол" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11925" CreationDate="2016-02-24T23:47:39.207" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;#3 sounds very-very unnatural. #2 is the best. #1 sounds a bit unnatural but still much better than #3. We don't like tautology :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6561" LastActivityDate="2016-02-24T23:47:39.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11924" CreationDate="2016-02-25T00:02:47.140" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;употреблять/употребить&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is about a grammatical aspect. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Употребить&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is a perfect aspect (meaning that it was a single action). E.g. Yesterday I used (&lt;em&gt;употребил&lt;/em&gt;) that f-word (I mean I did it once). &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Употреблять&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is an imperfect . E.g. All my childhood I used (&lt;em&gt;употреблял&lt;/em&gt;) only good words (meaning it was more than once, lots of single actions for some period of time).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Использовать&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; a bit differs from &quot;&lt;em&gt;употреблять&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Употреблять&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is usually used with &quot;words&quot; (meaning saying words) and with something that goes inside you (e.g. about food - &lt;em&gt;употреблять в пищу&lt;/em&gt;). &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Использовать&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (btw, omonynic forms - both imperfect and perfect aspects depending on the context) is just &quot;use&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &quot;&lt;strong&gt;поиспользовать&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; sounds a bit negative (very rarely about inanimate, usually about people), e.g. &quot;Поиспользовал и бросил&quot; - about a girl who was later dumped by a douche.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6561" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T00:02:47.140" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11925" CreationDate="2016-02-25T04:40:24.920" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;1 and 2 are grammatically equal. I don't feel any of it unnatural. Though neither of these feels like a part of real conversation. I mean, the form is rather formal, but the subject is informal. &quot;Играю в футбол, в шахматы ещё&quot; might be a part of a real-world dialog.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 is grammatically correct, but it is so formal that it should be avoided. Чуковский called this way of speaking sick and named the sickness &quot;канцелярит&quot; (officialese/bureaucratese). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T04:40:24.920" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11924" CreationDate="2016-02-25T10:51:14.897" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Использовать&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is the most universal word for &quot;to use&quot;, and also for &quot;to exploit&quot; and &quot;to utilize&quot;. It can be used for any kind of inanimate things, both material items and non-material things (like chances, capacities, technologies and so on). For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В нашей работе мы используем новейшие технологии, современное оборудование и высококачественные материалы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In our work we use the newest technologies, modern equipment and high-quality materials.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when &quot;использовать&quot; is used for people, it means that one treats the person like an inanimate thing, not a human. Of course, it sounds negative. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я считал его другом, но он просто использовал меня для своей выгоды!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I claimed that he was my friend, but he just exploited me to his own&#xA;  benefit!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Поиспользовать&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; sounds awkward and is used rarely. But when it is, as @Justin McGuire already noticed in his answer, it usually means the same as &quot;использовать&quot; about people. For inanimate things it is almost never used, just use &quot;использовать&quot; instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Употреблять/употребить&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; have more narrow meaning than &quot;использовать&quot;. It is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; used for people, for non-material things (except for words and grammatical constructs) and for material things, which remain intact after usage, and can be used again later. The meaning of &quot;употреблять&quot; is closer to &quot;to consume&quot;. It can be used for food, drinks, drugs and other things we take inside our body. It can also be used for different kinds of supplies, which transform or disappear after usage, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эти доски давно без дела лежат, занимают много места. Надо бы их на что-то&#xA;  употребить...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;These planks have been lying here for long time, occupying much space.&#xA;  They should be used this or that way...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As mentioned in @Justin McGuire's answer, &quot;употреблять/употребить&quot; is also used for words and grammar categories. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Это матерное слово, не употребляй его в приличном обществе!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This is a swear word, don't use it in polite company!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Какой падеж здесь употреблять - родительный или винительный? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Which case should be used here - Genitive or Accusative?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Использовать&quot; can be used instead of &quot;употреблять&quot; in all these cases, &lt;em&gt;except for things you take inside and for words&lt;/em&gt;. Grammatical categories and supplies allow both verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If you have doubts, which verb to use, it's better to use &quot;использовать&quot;, because it is correct in most cases.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="6725" LastEditDate="2016-02-25T11:03:26.690" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T11:03:26.690" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11924" CreationDate="2016-02-25T11:06:30.490" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;These words are often interchangeable, but there are some established expressions in which one word is preferable to the other. They are also similar etymologically (cognate with &lt;em&gt;потребность&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;польза&lt;/em&gt;, respectively). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Поиспользовать&lt;/em&gt; from the title of your question is redundant and awkward with both prefixes &lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ис-&lt;/em&gt;. The suffix &lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;ис-&lt;/em&gt; here would mean the speaker is an oaf who had his way with someone. That's just the only context that comes to mind. Although one could use the other words in that context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Употреблять&lt;/em&gt; somewhat implies consuming (e.g. food), and &lt;em&gt;использовать&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;пользоваться&lt;/em&gt; implies using something without consuming it (e.g. a plate) . Also, &lt;em&gt;использовать&lt;/em&gt; sounds more modern and is used (no pun intended) when talking about science and technology, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another difference is that there is a cognate reflexive verb &lt;em&gt;пользоваться&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;&lt;em&gt;я пользуюсь зубной щеткой&lt;/em&gt;&quot;), but no similar form with &lt;em&gt;употреблять&lt;/em&gt;; the verb &lt;em&gt;употребляться&lt;/em&gt; is only used in passive voice (&quot;&lt;em&gt;зубные щетки не употребляются в пищу&lt;/em&gt;&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some established expressions with the word &lt;em&gt;употреблять&lt;/em&gt;, as Justin McGuire pointed out, are &lt;em&gt;употреблять в пищу&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;употреблять выражения&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bad translation from English will usually be &lt;em&gt;использовать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3887" LastEditorUserId="3887" LastEditDate="2016-02-25T11:30:09.893" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T11:30:09.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11931" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11932" CreationDate="2016-02-25T12:05:28.260" Score="13" ViewCount="2054" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;For all I care&quot; generally has the same meaning as &quot;As far as I'm concerned&quot; but is definitely more informal, aggressive even. I have found quite a few sentence fragments expressing &quot;As far as I'm concerned&quot; but none of them seem to have the bite of &quot;For all I care&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;по моему рассуждению &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;насколько я могу судить &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;по-моему&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In very general, you use this in situations when you refer to someone you either don't like or who made you angry, and the part of the sentence after &quot;For all I care&quot; is always referring to something the speaker considers to be a bad choice. Often, the speaker doesn't really mean it but is just being sarcastic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;For all I care, you don't have to protect your head at all&quot; (when driving the motor cycle)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;For all I care, you don't even have to get out of bed today&quot; (thereby missing something very important)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;For all I care, you can keep paying twice more than everyone else&quot; (when it would be so easy to change that)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How to express the same in Russian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6249" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-02-25T15:53:34.347" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T13:20:04.493" Title="For all I care - in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11931" CreationDate="2016-02-25T12:30:20.757" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;По мне, так&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; fits your requirements nicely. It's informal and passive-aggressive:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;По мне, так можешь вообще не беречь голову.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;По мне, так можешь вообще не вставать сегодня.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;По мне, так можешь продолжать платить в два раза больше остальных.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also use &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Ну и&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Да хоть&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, if it's a generalization. It invokes an imperative, so it's even more aggressive and emotional. On the other hand, it expresses less of a personal opinion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Да хоть вообще голову не береги!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Да хоть вообще сегодня не вставай!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ну и продолжай платить в два раза больше остальных!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6828" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T12:30:20.757" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11931" CreationDate="2016-02-25T12:42:42.730" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are not the literal translations, but maybe you will find these variants useful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For calm sarcasm, you can use expressions like &quot;Да пожалуйста&quot;, &quot;Ну конечно.&quot;, &quot;Да на здоровье!&quot;, &quot;..., мне не жалко.&quot;, &quot;..., мне-то что?&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For all I care, you don't even have to get out of bed today &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ой, ну конечно, можно ведь и вовсе с постели не вставать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For all I care, you can keep paying twice more than everyone else&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Да пожалуйста, плати и дальше вдвое больше остальных, мне не жалко. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to add more emotions, you can say a sentence with right the opposite meaning, and using some constructions which normally emphasize ask, demand or forbidding, for example, &quot;Боже упаси!&quot;, &quot;Ни в коем случае&quot;, &quot;Я тебя умоляю&quot; and other ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For all I care, you don't have to protect your head at all&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я тебя умоляю, ни в коем случае не защищай голову!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T12:42:42.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11931" CreationDate="2016-02-25T15:19:03.553" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нейтральные выражения : &quot;мне-то что, мне безразлично, меня это не касается, мне нет до этого дела, делай,как знаешь, да, ради бога&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разговорные: &quot;мне без разницы (параллельно, фиолетово),хоть...и все,что можно придумать с &quot;хоть&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-02-25T19:21:54.290" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T19:21:54.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11935" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11936" CreationDate="2016-02-25T20:57:51.320" Score="5" ViewCount="2743" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately i will keep asking these kind of questions here on stackexchange. Please tell me which verb group on question title the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to ask&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  in English? And why translator gives same result which is the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to ask&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in English for both of them? Please explain with some examples in two languages English and Russian. Thanks in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6813" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T20:43:58.587" Title="просить/попросить and спрашивать/спросить - what is difference(s) between these verbs?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11935" CreationDate="2016-02-25T21:54:21.220" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are asking &lt;strong&gt;something&lt;/strong&gt; (and expect something to be said in response), you use &lt;em&gt;спросить&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спроси его, как пройти в библиотеку // Ask him which way the library is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are asking &lt;strong&gt;for something&lt;/strong&gt; (and expect something is done or given to you), you use &lt;em&gt;попросить&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Попроси его открыть тебе дверь // Ask him to open the door for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Попроси у него машину // Ask him for his car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-02-25T21:54:21.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11937" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11984" CreationDate="2016-02-26T07:44:29.397" Score="9" ViewCount="337" Body="&lt;p&gt;Typically, when forming the genitive plural of some word which in the nominative ends in -CCа (where C represents a consonant, such that this represents a consonant cluster followed by &quot;а&quot;) the ending vowel is removed and an insert vowel like е, ё, or о is inserted. Consider:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ошибка --&gt; ошибок; письмо --&gt; писем  ...etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question regards the formation of the genitive plural of words ending in -CьCа like просьба and свадьба. Whereas the genitive plural of свадьба is сва́деб, the genitive plural of просьба is просьб. Is this simply a result of some historical linguistic development? Or is there some other reason for why the genitive plural of просьба is not просеб?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6550" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-02-26T08:33:08.483" LastActivityDate="2016-03-03T08:23:08.057" Title="Strange Genitive Plural of просьба: why просьб and not просеб?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11938" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11948" CreationDate="2016-02-26T07:53:19.363" Score="13" ViewCount="6910" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does &quot;Ой всё&quot; mean? My Russian friends use it a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6815" LastEditorUserId="6815" LastEditDate="2016-10-12T13:59:32.050" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T22:21:41.993" Title="What does &quot;Ой всё&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;slang&gt;&lt;meme&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11938" CreationDate="2016-02-26T08:10:59.407" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Ohh, that's all.' literally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means like you don't wanna chat, you wanna change a topic of the speech or dialogue. Sometimes it means that opponent don't wanna think about this problem/task right now, because he/she can't see solution or does not agree with your solution/thoughts. Yes, sometimes it can be translated as 'Lets stop talking, I STILL don't agree with you. There is no point in our dialogue/You are hopeless.' Also &quot;ой, всё&quot; can be used as a joke, not seriously. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6843" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T08:10:59.407" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11938" CreationDate="2016-02-26T08:11:37.910" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;This expression means something along the lines of &quot;I'm done&quot;, meaning that someone is not willing to continue an argument. Quite often it implies that a person saying &quot;Oй все&quot; lost an argument. The phrase can also be used as a joke to mock such behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T08:11:37.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7773" CreationDate="2016-02-26T08:25:38.177" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's like &quot;HB though&quot;, where HB stands for Happy Birthday &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6815" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T08:25:38.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11931" CreationDate="2016-02-26T08:49:37.977" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me try to find real life translations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Да хоть совсем голову не береги (мозгов то нет) &#xA;It is rude but it is OK between mother and her son.&#xA;Here is another word you can use&#xA;Сорвиголова! (= Слабоумие + отвага)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Даже попу лень c постели поднять&#xA;3) Да хоть все деньги отдай&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also (mis)use proverbs with sarcasm&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Бережёного Бог бережёт&#xA;2) Работа дураков любит / Работа не волк, в лес не убежит&#xA;3) Скупой платит дважды&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6844" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T08:49:37.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11890" CreationDate="2016-02-26T09:08:30.200" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Word Предмет was created by the first famous russian scientist Vasiliy Lomonosov.&#xA;It means the thing in front of your eyes. Point of interest. Or interest itself. &#xA;Lomonosov used it to point to a subject of his scientific research. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6844" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T09:08:30.200" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11937" CreationDate="2016-02-26T09:32:53.633" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure but I think that's because &quot;&lt;strong&gt;просьба&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is pronounced as &quot;&lt;em&gt;прозьба&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (&quot;&lt;em&gt;с&lt;/em&gt;&quot; becomes voiced because the following &quot;&lt;em&gt;б&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is paired voiced). So if it were &quot;&lt;em&gt;просеб&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;с&quot; wouldn't become voiced unlike its actual pronunciation... maybe that's why for some historical reasons &quot;&lt;strong&gt;просьб&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; has no vowel between &quot;&lt;em&gt;с&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;б&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in this form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I can not coin another example with the equivalent feature :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6561" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T09:32:53.633" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11935" CreationDate="2016-02-26T12:39:24.817" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Спросить&lt;/strong&gt; - means that you expect ONLY verbal answer.&#xA;Спроси его который час? (Ask him what time is it now?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Попросить&lt;/strong&gt; - means that you expect someone to do some action for you or you want to get a &quot;physical&quot; thing from someone.&#xA;Попроси его позвонить Кэт. (Ask him to call Kat)&#xA;Попроси у него ручку. (Ask him a pen)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6846" LastEditorUserId="6846" LastEditDate="2016-02-26T14:38:47.763" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T14:38:47.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11931" CreationDate="2016-02-26T13:20:04.493" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;May be &quot;For all I care&quot; means &quot;Всё что меня волнует (интересует)&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-I just drive to shop - it's 100m far away!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-I don't care how far you drive, for all I care, you don't have to protect your head at all&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Я просто съездил в магазин - это в 100 метрах!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Меня не волнует как далеко ты съездил, всё что меня волнует, это то что ты не защитил свою голову (шлемом).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6847" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T13:20:04.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11938" CreationDate="2016-02-26T13:22:14.383" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Ой, все&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; - it is a very informal way to stop discussion. It is mostly used by women as a final argument in a dispute. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Women always want to say the &quot;last word&quot; in any dispute but if they feel they don't have any more agruments they can say &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Ой, все&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and can even leave the room-))) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you hear &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Ой, все&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; it usially means that you are right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6846" LastActivityDate="2016-02-26T13:22:14.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11949" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11950" CreationDate="2016-02-27T13:46:11.747" Score="2" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which consonant in a cluster determines whether the other consonant(s) is/are voiced? For example, if there is &lt;strong&gt;зт&lt;/strong&gt;, is it pronounced &lt;strong&gt;ст&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;зд&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastEditorUserId="6816" LastEditDate="2016-02-27T19:48:51.220" LastActivityDate="2016-02-27T19:48:51.220" Title="Voiced/Unvoiced" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11949" CreationDate="2016-02-27T15:22:24.657" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The latter one. &lt;strong&gt;зт&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced &lt;strong&gt;ст.&lt;/strong&gt; Though I can't think of example, because if we are talking about prefixes &lt;strong&gt;раз-&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;без-&lt;/strong&gt; they assume written forms &lt;strong&gt;рас-&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;бес-&lt;/strong&gt; when preceding unvoiced consonants: &lt;em&gt;разливать&lt;/em&gt;, but &lt;em&gt;раскрывать&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;безликий&lt;/em&gt; but &lt;em&gt;бесхитростный.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastActivityDate="2016-02-27T15:22:24.657" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11951" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11952" CreationDate="2016-02-27T19:47:51.643" Score="3" ViewCount="385" Body="&lt;p&gt;From what I understand, &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt; is used for the instrumental case and &lt;strong&gt;чём&lt;/strong&gt; is for the prepositional case. I have listened to an audio recording of both and they were pronounced the same way. Is that true? I thought they were pronounced &lt;strong&gt;chyem&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;chyom&lt;/strong&gt; respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;No, I do not have access to a native speaker, nor will I ever have access, so please don't ask. Thank you.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T21:07:20.727" Title="Difference between чем and чём" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11951" CreationDate="2016-02-27T20:14:48.753" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;For some reason, Google translate pronounces an isolated &lt;em&gt;чем&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;с чем&lt;/em&gt; (with е, not ё) &lt;a href=&quot;https://translate.google.com/#en/ru/with%20what&quot;&gt;as &lt;em&gt;чём&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. This is definitely incorrect. The phrase &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://translate.google.com/#ru/en/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%87%D1%88%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%2C%20%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%20%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot;&gt;&quot;Лучше поздно, чем никогда&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, however, is pronounced correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6828" LastActivityDate="2016-02-27T20:14:48.753" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11937" CreationDate="2016-02-28T05:56:25.060" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think &lt;strong&gt;свадеб&lt;/strong&gt; is the real outlier here. &lt;strong&gt;Просьб&lt;/strong&gt; is in line with &lt;strong&gt;служб&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;тяжб&lt;/strong&gt;, and even &lt;strong&gt;женитьб&lt;/strong&gt;. What's more, I think &lt;strong&gt;свадеб&lt;/strong&gt; is a later development, driven by ease of pronunciation, from an earlier &lt;code&gt;*свадьб&lt;/code&gt;. Had the vowel been around since the schwa extinction (as in &lt;strong&gt;ошибок&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;писем&lt;/strong&gt;), it would have been the etymologically correct &lt;code&gt;*сватеб&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T05:56:25.060" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11954" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11955" CreationDate="2016-02-28T14:50:02.470" Score="4" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have tried to find out (checked several sources) what the difference is between: &quot;свистать&quot; and &quot;свистеть&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you have an explanation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6859" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T15:12:17.967" Title="Difference between &quot;свистать&quot; and &quot;свистеть&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11954" CreationDate="2016-02-28T15:12:17.967" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the modern language, &lt;em&gt;свистать&lt;/em&gt; is a little bit outdated, but otherwise is a synonym to &lt;em&gt;свистеть&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;to whistle&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically, it's an iterative, similar to &lt;em&gt;летать / лететь, плавать / плыть&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some idioms (&lt;em&gt;свистать всех наверх!, ищи-свищи!&lt;/em&gt;) or metaphorical meanings &amp;quot;to hiss, to boo (as when expressing discontent)&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;to make whistling sound (of a wind)&amp;quot;, etc., only one verb of the pair can be used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Играют волны, ветер свищет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Профессора на рысаках не ездят, меня освистали бы студенты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T15:12:17.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11956" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11957" CreationDate="2016-02-28T17:02:41.270" Score="1" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to starling.rinet.ru the first person singularis is: &quot;кладý&quot; for the verb: &quot;клáсть&quot; but the TA (Teaching Assistant) has stated that it is: &quot;кладум&quot;. Is there some old form that is presently used in first person singular for this verb that you know of?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Starling result: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Infinitive: клáсть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Present/future tense&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Singular    Plural&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 person    кладý   кладём&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 person    кладёшь кладёте&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 person    кладёт  кладýт&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What the TA has presented it to be: &quot;клáсть: кладум, кладёшь; клал, клала&quot;&#xA;(everything but the first person singular seems to match up). My guess is that the clown got it right because he has induced a lot of typos and mistakes. I guess he is their best student.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6859" LastEditorUserId="6859" LastEditDate="2016-02-29T18:42:42.683" LastActivityDate="2016-02-29T18:42:42.683" Title="First person singular &quot;клáсть&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11956" CreationDate="2016-02-28T17:13:45.467" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Kладум&lt;/em&gt; is an obvious typo, it is wrong, there's no such word, the correct form is &lt;em&gt;кладу&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T17:13:45.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11956" CreationDate="2016-02-28T17:16:14.840" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know what TA stands for, but it's clearly a typo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian &lt;strong&gt;-у&lt;/strong&gt; endings in the 1st person singular present descended from Proto-Slavic &lt;code&gt;-ǫ&lt;/code&gt; (a nasal vowel, as in the French &lt;em&gt;Jean&lt;/em&gt;), from an earlier &lt;code&gt;-on&lt;/code&gt;. At no point did anything like &quot;-um&quot; exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T17:16:14.840" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11959" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11968" CreationDate="2016-02-28T19:32:10.357" Score="2" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;Background: I am located in southern Sweden and we are using some strange verbs that I often place 200 years back in time but are part of the &quot;modern&quot; Russian grammar we must learn so I need to ask you guys. Learning these verbs have no links to any other activities. They are useless but we must learn them by heart. We are always told that we have to talk well but the ones that say that would have to stop being lazy and do more and better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question:&#xA;Which one would you use in your every day conversation: &quot;избéг&quot; or &quot;избéгнул&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;избéгнуть&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Past tense&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Masculine&lt;/strong&gt;   Feminine    Neutral Plural&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;избéг//избéгнул&lt;/strong&gt; избéгла избéгло избéгли&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6859" LastEditorUserId="6859" LastEditDate="2016-02-29T18:54:38.873" LastActivityDate="2016-03-01T00:34:04.730" Title="Past tense verb &quot;избéгнуть&quot; ---&gt; избéг or избéгнул?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11935" CreationDate="2016-02-28T20:43:58.587" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;просить - is an action, it is adressed to some person to get something from, or do something to you, or somebody; it's similar to 'beg', beggin' a pardon&#xA;спросить - is about making any question, this is actually a verb 'to ask', when you trying to get some information you do this: спрашиваешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6861" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T20:43:58.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11959" CreationDate="2016-02-28T20:57:26.867" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;there is no such a word in any russian language as &quot;избегнуть&quot;. there is only &quot;избежать&quot;, that is similar to 'avoid'. it is difficult verb, a complex verb. it's consists of &quot;из&quot; and &quot;бежать&quot;. where the first word means from something, the second means to run. but when you running, you can run continiously in a long period of time, so you do run somewhere, or from something, or from someone. but 'избежать' means, that you trying to get as far as possible from undesired happening. and this word build on the root of 'бежать' instead of your meaning : 'бег'. the root here is a verb - to run, to run away from. &#xA;избежать &#xA;избежал&#xA;избегаю&#xA;избегать - here it means some process in some time&#xA;избежание&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6861" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T20:57:26.867" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11951" CreationDate="2016-02-28T21:07:20.727" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;oh, there is a problem with a letter 'ё'&#xA;somebody trys to erase that letter from russian alphabet and history, and there was a rumor about try to make any law to change ё on е.&#xA;but anyway, this is a different sounds, and letters too.&#xA;чем and чём is two diffent words.&#xA;о чём ты говоришь? what do you talking about? a subject&#xA;чем ты это докажешь? how will you prove that? a property&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6861" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T21:07:20.727" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11854" CreationDate="2016-02-28T21:59:43.720" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;also there is optional :&#xA;запросто&#xA;без бэ&#xA;без базара&#xA;нет проблем / не проблема / без проблем&#xA;ваще легко&#xA;легко&#xA;сказано сделано&#xA;как два пальца&#xA;изи / изи пизи&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6861" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T21:59:43.720" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11959" CreationDate="2016-02-28T23:50:55.863" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern language (especially spoken language) you should better use &quot;избежать&quot;. Its past tense in masculine is &quot;избежáл&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Избегнуть&quot; does sound old-fashioned and kind of poetical. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6858" LastActivityDate="2016-02-28T23:50:55.863" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11959" CreationDate="2016-02-29T06:37:45.297" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The situation is like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Избежал&lt;/strong&gt; is normal&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Избег&lt;/strong&gt; is perfectly OK, but uncommonly spoken&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Избегнул&lt;/strong&gt; is rare and should be avoided&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a broader perspective, the verbs ending in &lt;em&gt;-нуть&lt;/em&gt; often denote one-time instant actions, kind of &lt;em&gt;сказануть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;взгрустнуть&lt;/em&gt; etc. As we always use the verb &lt;em&gt;избегнуть&lt;/em&gt; in the sense of &quot;&lt;em&gt;to avoid&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, not just &quot;to run away&quot; as the root suggests, we'd better to avoid using &quot;-нуть&quot; in a conjugation pattern. Yet the infinitive &quot;&lt;em&gt;избегнуть&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is still certainly OK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-02-29T06:37:45.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11970" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11971" CreationDate="2016-02-29T09:04:08.050" Score="3" ViewCount="672" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm doing this exercise to write down from videos on the internet just to see how russian people speaks colloquially, and I got some question about it.&#xA;I copied the whole speech, to preserve the context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;как изучать русский язык: это правило будет сюрпризом для многих: не&#xA;  учите грамматику. это будет удивительно для вас, потому что с самого&#xA;  начала вы &lt;strong&gt;учили&lt;/strong&gt; грамматику. вы постоянно &lt;strong&gt;писали&lt;/strong&gt; что-то&#xA;  упражнения, &lt;strong&gt;сидели&lt;/strong&gt; долго &lt;strong&gt;думали&lt;/strong&gt;  &quot;какое там время?&quot; и самая&#xA;  главная ошибка, которую вы &lt;strong&gt;допускали&lt;/strong&gt; до сего момента, вы &lt;strong&gt;учили&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  только грамматику. вы не &lt;strong&gt;уделяли&lt;/strong&gt; должного вниманя разговорный&#xA;  речи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) why the verbs are at the past?&#xA;2) what is сего?&#xA;3) the strange thing is that которую is at the accusative case but not самая главная ошибка, I mean, all that part is the object of the sentence cause допускали is transitive verb, right?&#xA;4) question about listening: why I hear just &quot;годня&quot; or  &quot;час&quot; and not &quot;се&quot; before them, when subtitles are сегодня or сейчас?&#xA;thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6497" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-03-01T03:07:39.083" LastActivityDate="2016-03-04T21:49:14.233" Title="Why the past in these sentences?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11970" CreationDate="2016-02-29T09:40:56.723" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;A lot of questions in one Question :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) The verbs are in the past because the author is referring to your past activity - you &lt;strong&gt;used to learn&lt;/strong&gt; grammar, you &lt;strong&gt;used to write&lt;/strong&gt; exercises etc, &quot;what about those times?&quot; - i.e. how you will regret having spent so much time learning grammar. The Russian imperfective (past) does not have a literal translation to any particular English tense and has to be translated in context. It can take almost any English past form in the right context, but has the sense of habitual actions or actions being described in the moment. In this case the use is to describe habitual actions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &quot;Сего&quot; is genitive of &quot;сей&quot; which is an old-fashioned word meaning &quot;этот&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) &quot;Которую&quot; is in accusative because it is governed by &quot;допускали&quot;. &quot;Ошибка&quot; is in nominative because it is not governed by anything. But in the sentence &quot;вы допустили большую ошибку&quot; &quot;ошибка&quot; must be in accustive too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) It might be not very accurate pronunciation of the speaker or you have to train your listening skills :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-03-04T21:49:14.233" LastActivityDate="2016-03-04T21:49:14.233" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11972" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11970" CreationDate="2016-02-29T11:08:49.937" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It's in the past, because it must be in the past. In English it would be something like &quot;you &lt;strong&gt;were&lt;/strong&gt; sitting, learning etc.&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Который&lt;/em&gt; takes a case suitable for the clause, not for the main sentence. That is, &quot;ошибка, которая...&quot; = &quot;mistake which [does smth. itself]&quot;, but &quot;ошибка, которую...&quot; = &quot;mistake which [is an object for some action]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сего&lt;/em&gt; is genitive of &quot;сей&quot; which is an old word for &quot;this&quot;. Usually you may encounter this word only as a part of &quot;сегодня&quot; (i.e. &quot;of this same day&quot; = today) or &quot;сейчас&quot; (i.e. &quot;this same hour&quot; = now).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Normal pronounce should be kind of &quot;сегодня&quot;-&gt;&quot;сиводня&quot; and &quot;сейчас&quot;-&gt;&quot;си(й)час&quot;, but sometimes people reduce these words into &quot;сёдня&quot; and &quot;ща(с)&quot;. But I doubt you've really heard these variants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-02-29T11:08:49.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11959" CreationDate="2016-03-01T00:18:04.463" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;В русском языке есть два глагола: &lt;em&gt;бегать&lt;/em&gt; (to run, т.е. заниматься бегом) и &lt;em&gt;бежать&lt;/em&gt; (to flee, т.е. находиться в состоянии бега) &amp;mdash; которые имеют разные грамматические возможности. Поэтому &lt;strong&gt;нельзя сказать что &lt;em&gt;избежал&lt;/em&gt; является предпочтительной формой&lt;/strong&gt; для прошлого времени глагола &lt;em&gt;избегнуть&lt;/em&gt;. Это не верно, т.к. это разные глаголы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Глагол &lt;em&gt;избегнуть&lt;/em&gt; производный от &lt;em&gt;избегать&lt;/em&gt; и имеет два вида в прошедшем времени: совершенный &lt;em&gt;избег, избегла, избегло, избегли&lt;/em&gt; и несовершенный &lt;em&gt;избегал, избегала, избегало, избегали&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Глагол &lt;em&gt;избежать&lt;/em&gt; (синоним &lt;em&gt;избегнуть&lt;/em&gt;) имеет только совершенный вид в прошедшем &lt;em&gt;избежал&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;избежала&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;избежало&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;избежали&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда вид и время этих глаголов совпадает, то в современном русском языке предпочтительнее использовать глагол &lt;em&gt;избежать&lt;/em&gt; вместо &lt;em&gt;избегнуть&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;избежал&lt;/em&gt; вместо &lt;em&gt;избег&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этих предложениях одинаковый смысл, но предпочтительнее второй вариант:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Он избег встречи.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;&quot;Он избежал встречи.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Он хотел избегнуть встречи.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; и  &lt;em&gt;&quot;Он хотел избежать встречи.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но в этих предложениях смысл разный, замену делать нельзя:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Надо избегать встречи.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;&quot;Надо избежать встречи.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Он избегал встречи.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;&quot;Он избежал встречи.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается XIX века, то уже в то время Пушкин, ярый сторонник московского варианта русского языка, использовал слово &quot;избежал&quot; вместо &quot;избег&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Присоветуй им встретить меня с детской любовию и послушанием; не то не &lt;strong&gt;избежать&lt;/strong&gt; им лютой казни.&quot; А.С. Пушкин, &quot;Арап Петра Великого&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Барков шутливых од тебе не посылал,&#xA;Радищев, рабства враг, цензуры &lt;strong&gt;избежал&lt;/strong&gt;,&#xA;И Пушкина стихи в печати не бывали;&#xA;Что нужды? их и так иные прочитали.&quot;&#xA;А.С. Пушкин, &quot;К цензору&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэтому, можно заключить, что форма &lt;em&gt;избег&lt;/em&gt; была уже в те времена дико книжкой и канцелярской. Т.к. Гоголь с московским вариантом языка знаком был совсем не так хорошо, то не удивительно что языковая практика была намного менее элегантная чем у Пушкина. Отсюда такие косноязычные формы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4121" LastEditorUserId="4121" LastEditDate="2016-03-01T00:34:04.730" LastActivityDate="2016-03-01T00:34:04.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11977" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11978" CreationDate="2016-03-01T19:25:08.197" Score="4" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does молчать verb belong to second conjugation? According to for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Russian_verbs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Russian_verbs&lt;/a&gt; all verbs ending with -ать except держать, слышать, дышать belong to the first conjugation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6874" LastActivityDate="2016-03-01T19:54:15.423" Title="молчать conjugation" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11977" CreationDate="2016-03-01T19:36:52.013" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This wiktionary entry is wrong, there are many more conjugation II verbs ending in &lt;em&gt;-ать&lt;/em&gt; than listed there: &lt;em&gt;журчать, кричать, мычать&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They probably only list the verbs which don't have stress on the ending in corresponding forms (&lt;em&gt;молчи&amp;#x301;т, кричи&amp;#x301;т&lt;/em&gt; but &lt;em&gt;слы&amp;#x301;шит, ды&amp;#x301;шит&lt;/em&gt;), which makes it hard to tell the conjugation, as &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt; are phonetically indistinguishable in Russian in that position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-03-01T19:36:52.013" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11980" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11981" CreationDate="2016-03-01T20:59:43.603" Score="1" ViewCount="211" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is &lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt; stressed (as in, is it pronounced &lt;strong&gt;mnyeh&lt;/strong&gt;?)? Is this always the case? If not, what are some examples? Also, what about other short words such as &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-03-12T17:16:21.533" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T17:16:21.533" Title="Is мне stressed?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11980" CreationDate="2016-03-02T00:14:38.993" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pronoun &lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt; will be always pronounced as &lt;strong&gt;mnyeh&lt;/strong&gt;, no matter if its stressed or not. There's no way you'd say &lt;strong&gt;mni&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you say it in a flowing speech (say, for example, &quot;мне нравится этот фильм&quot;) you have basically several options of stressing to report fine meaning of what you're trying to say. Normally if you just report the fact that you liked the film you pronounce &quot;мне нравится&quot; joined together putting primary stress on &quot;нравится&quot;, so you have something like (mnyeh-NRUH-vih-tsuh). If you stress the word &quot;мне&quot; putting secondary stress on the verb you would mean that you personally liked it as opposed to someone else who didn't. The same applies to the rest of the words in this example. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;По&lt;/strong&gt; is a preposition and it is also unstressed most of the times and you should pronounce it as any syllable &quot;-по-&quot; in its unstressed position (&lt;strong&gt;-puh-&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now thinking about the syllable -мне- in unstressed position, I'd say that I would always pronounce it like -mnyeh- (consider the following examples: &lt;strong&gt;мнемóника&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;камнепáд&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;сомневáющийся&lt;/strong&gt;) but maybe there's a counter-example I can't think of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD 2016-03-02: Transcriptions edited according to hints of @YellowSky&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD UPD 2016-03-02: As pointed out by @DenisKreshikhin standard pronunciation of a &lt;strong&gt;-e-&lt;/strong&gt; following a soft consonant in an unstressed syllable followed by the stressed one would lean towards &lt;strong&gt;-и-&lt;/strong&gt; rather than &lt;strong&gt;-e-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6858" LastEditorUserId="6858" LastEditDate="2016-03-02T13:41:57.943" LastActivityDate="2016-03-02T13:41:57.943" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11909" CreationDate="2016-03-02T13:27:46.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если речь идет о предлогах, то важно понимать в каком падеже находится слово:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Палка (о ком? о чем?) о двух концах.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очевидно это предложный падеж, а не творительный для которого бы потребовался предлог &quot;с&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В русском языке предложный падеж исторически использовался для указания места, поэтому нет ничего удивительно в таких конструкциях. Проблема в понимании возникает из-за того, что доступные функции предлога &quot;о&quot; в современном русском языке очень ограничены. Но для формирования предложного падежа можно использовать и другие предлоги, тогда эти фразы будут звучать вполне по-современному:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Палка при двух концах.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Животное на двух ногах.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4121" LastActivityDate="2016-03-02T13:27:46.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11937" CreationDate="2016-03-03T08:23:08.057" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've checked words ending with all (or almost all) possible combinations of C1C2V and C1ьC2V type, where C1 and C2 are different consonants, and V is vowel &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;The main conclusions are&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most of the combinations don't follow the question author's rule.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;But some of them do, and in most of them C2 is &lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;л&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;н&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;ц&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some combinations with C2 = &lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;м&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;р&lt;/code&gt; follow the rule, too, but they are much less numerous.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For the rest values of C2 I didn't find a single word following the rule.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are the combinations following the rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;C2 = &lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;C1 can be any other consonant. No exceptions found (for some rare combinations, like &lt;code&gt;гка&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;щька&lt;/code&gt; no proofs found, as well, but if such words exist, they should follow the rule, too).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;C2 = &lt;code&gt;н&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;C1 = &lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;м&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;п&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;с&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;т&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;х&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ч&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt;. These combinations follow the rule, no exceptions found.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;C1 = &lt;code&gt;д&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;з&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;л&lt;/code&gt;. Only words with palatalized C2 follow the rule (&lt;code&gt;обедня&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;обеден&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;кузня&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;кузен&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;мыльня&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;мылен&lt;/code&gt;, but &lt;code&gt;ехидна&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;ехидн&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;тризна&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;тризн&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;волна&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;волн&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For C1 = &lt;code&gt;ф&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ц&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;щ&lt;/code&gt; no examples found.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;C2 = &lt;code&gt;л&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This case is very irregular. Some combinations follow the rule, some don't, and the majority of them follows it partly. I think, no rules can be successfully applied here, the best way to deal with it is to learn as many words as possible, so that you just remember the most common ones and develop some intuition for the rest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;C2 = &lt;code&gt;ц&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've found examples only for C1 = &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;д&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;л&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;н&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;р&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;т&lt;/code&gt;. All of them follow the rule, except for one word: &lt;code&gt;солнце&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;солнц&lt;/code&gt;. For other values of C1 I didn't find any words, but my intuition says that if there are, most of them should follow the rule, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other combinations, which follow the rule&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;code&gt;дьб&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ньг&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;рьг&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;др&amp;quot; followed by &amp;quot;о&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Words following the rule while the corresponding combination doesn't follow it in general&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;code&gt;розга&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;розог&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;тюрьма&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;тюрем&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;письмо&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;писем&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ребро&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;рёбер&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I still don't understand, &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; the situation is as described above, and not some other way. If anyone has any suggestions, please write them in comments! Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-03-03T08:23:08.057" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11985" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11989" CreationDate="2016-03-03T10:08:00.177" Score="7" ViewCount="409" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference between &lt;strong&gt;как будто&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;будто&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, is there a difference between the following sentences?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) &lt;strong&gt;Как будто&lt;/strong&gt; он может действительно что-то сделать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;strong&gt;Будто&lt;/strong&gt; он может действительно что-то сделать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-03-03T16:21:41.457" LastActivityDate="2016-03-05T08:18:59.500" Title="&quot;Как будто&quot; versus &quot;будто&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11985" CreationDate="2016-03-03T10:28:02.930" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, it has no a significant difference in Russian. But both phrases are quite incomplete, though. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2189" LastActivityDate="2016-03-03T10:28:02.930" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11987" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11985" CreationDate="2016-03-03T10:44:48.107" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are too close to each other, differing rather in minor stylistic points. The only true difference, which comes to my mind, is when using &lt;em&gt;Будто&lt;/em&gt; as interrogation, with the meaning of &quot;&lt;em&gt;Really?&lt;/em&gt;&quot; But I must say that this usage is highly uncommon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-03-03T10:44:48.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11989" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11985" CreationDate="2016-03-04T04:11:07.193" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this sample, &quot;как будто&quot;, &quot;будто бы&quot;, &quot;будто&quot; and &quot;как будто бы&quot; are equivalent. Speaker chooses among these variants if she/he wants to make the sentence melodic. Otherwise, it's random choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most cases, &quot;как будто&quot; and &quot;будто&quot; are also equivalent, except by &quot;будто&quot; sometimes could be used for &quot;что&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Говорят, будто кур доят&quot; = &quot;Говорят, что кур доят&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, it's not possible to put &quot;как будто&quot; instead of &quot;будто&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-03-04T04:11:07.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11990" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-04T13:17:42.057" Score="7" ViewCount="662" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I opened the window&lt;/em&gt; I'd say like this: &lt;em&gt;Я открыл окно&lt;/em&gt;. How to say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;I tilted the window.&lt;/em&gt; e. g. I opened the window using its tilting mechanism (Image A)?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The window is tilted.&lt;/em&gt; (Image B)?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: Please both aspects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Image A - (coralwindows.co.uk)&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iFqVi.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iFqVi.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;tilting a window&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Image B - (tiltco.net)&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xDIse.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xDIse.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;tilted window&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5477" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-09-16T08:42:34.020" Title="Correct term for tilting a window" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11990" CreationDate="2016-03-04T13:38:28.920" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Yellow Sky already answered, first picture can be described as &quot;приоткрыть окно&quot;, but this leaves uncertainity here, since you can leave a window in this 'tilted stable position', or open it similar to half-open door.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Action for the second image would be &quot;открыть окно на проветривание&quot; (&quot;окно открыто на проветривание&quot;), unfortunately I am not aware of any simpler wordage. &quot;Приоткрытое окно&quot; would also have two possible meanings - tilted one and &quot;half-open&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In commercial descriptions of such window function it is called &quot;режим проветривания&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2016-03-04T13:38:28.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11992" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11990" CreationDate="2016-03-04T16:16:24.920" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;I tilted the window. e. g. I opened the window using its tilting mechanism (Image A)?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding noun in use: for ventilation we may use window, but you should probably use name of small or medium ventilation sections of windows (&lt;strong&gt;форточка&lt;/strong&gt; is a small ventilation window. It usually spans the frame of one window pane and opens on hinges independently of the whole window. Size is about 50x50 cm or less. If it is bigger and elongated, it is called rather &lt;strong&gt;фрамуга&lt;/strong&gt; - horizontal or vertical part of window, but NOT section of window, size is about 1m in length). Window-word (окно) is usually reserved for big windows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should know that doing so is not called tilting in Russia(n). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tilting is not customary to Russian windows and common expression for exact this type of window does not exist. If you say something literally. similar to &quot;tilting&quot; you will not be understood. We either &lt;strong&gt;открываем&lt;/strong&gt; (literally open, quite wide) or  &lt;strong&gt;приоткрываем&lt;/strong&gt; (open ajar, half way). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The window is tilted. (Image B)?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;I think the best fit is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;окно приоткрыто/форточка приоткрыта&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; It does not say whether it is locked or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you basically can not say it is &quot;tilted&quot; but use more generalized &quot;open&quot;/&quot;half-open&quot; word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6445" LastEditorUserId="6445" LastEditDate="2016-03-04T16:37:28.163" LastActivityDate="2016-03-04T16:37:28.163" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11994" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12011" CreationDate="2016-03-04T19:05:06.930" Score="3" ViewCount="879" Body="&lt;p&gt;A year and a bit ago, I spent a semester studying mathematics in Moscow. Much to my surprise, rather than using the standard glyph &quot;σ&quot; to denote the Greek letter sigma, people invariably wrote a backwards delta &quot;δ&quot; (that's to say, with the top tail pointing to the left rather than to the right).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anybody have any insight as to the origins of this practice? I have been unable to discover anything about it. My best guess is that the tail of the regular &quot;σ&quot; somehow got curved upwards and then back over time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Edit&lt;/em&gt;: I've attached an illustration of what I meant by &quot;backwards&quot; delta. The glyphs for &quot;Russian sigma&quot; and &quot;Greek delta&quot; are distinguishable: they're mirror images of each other. Moreover, I observed this peculiar style of σ from several faculty at the university.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/l2UKx.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/l2UKx.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Interesting sigmas&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6889" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2016-03-05T01:52:46.087" LastActivityDate="2016-03-05T14:22:52.647" Title="Handwritten sigma in mathematics" Tags="&lt;математика&gt;&lt;typography&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11994" CreationDate="2016-03-04T19:26:22.483" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mathematicians (at least in Russia) do not specially learn and/or practice Greek calligraphy, except while handwriting math formulas. So the quality of average handwriting may be somewhere between bad and ugly. But I'm rather surprised to hear that you found &quot;sigma&quot; and &quot;delta&quot; not differing at all. That could only be due to someone's &lt;strong&gt;personal&lt;/strong&gt; mistakes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. I'm graduated in math in Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD. I've never seen this &quot;Russian sigma&quot; scripting before. Actual writings may, of course, differ, yet, anyway, they are certainly way closer to &quot;Greek sigma&quot; pattern. I.e. normally it's about drawing &quot;o&quot;-clockwise, and adding some kind of &quot;curly tail&quot; pointing to the right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-03-05T14:22:52.647" LastActivityDate="2016-03-05T14:22:52.647" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11990" CreationDate="2016-03-04T19:31:23.967" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Artemix pointed out in his answer, window tilting function is called &quot;режим проветривания&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my own experience (I'm Russian, have a window that opens that way at home and used to have one at my workplace too) people usually say &quot;открой окно на проветривание&quot; or (rarely) &quot;откинь окно/форточку&quot; when they ask somebody to tilt a window open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither of these are universally understood nor &quot;official&quot; terms for tilting a window open though, so you might have to add &quot;ручкой вверх&quot; (the handle upwards) if people don't understand what you mean (happens to me about 3 times out of 10).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4499" LastActivityDate="2016-03-04T19:31:23.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11990" CreationDate="2016-03-04T21:25:20.833" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The tilt-and-turn mechanism is called &lt;em&gt;поворотно-откидной механизм&lt;/em&gt; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to specify which way exactly is the window open, you use &lt;em&gt;створка отворена&lt;/em&gt; &quot;the sash is turn open&quot; or &lt;em&gt;створка откинута&lt;/em&gt; &quot;the sash is tilt open&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also OK to use synecdoches &lt;em&gt;отворить окно&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;откинуть окно&lt;/em&gt;, though, strictly speaking, those verbs only apply to the sash (&lt;em&gt;створка&lt;/em&gt;) which is just a part of the window (&lt;em&gt;окно&lt;/em&gt;). However, in everyday speech usage like this is perfectly acceptable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-03-04T21:25:20.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11998" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="11999" CreationDate="2016-03-04T21:49:27.290" Score="11" ViewCount="334" Body="&lt;p&gt;On some sites коала, коалы, коале, коалу, коалой/коалою, коале&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On some sites коала, коала, коала, коала, коала, коала&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6833" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-03-13T14:18:04.677" LastActivityDate="2018-03-13T14:18:04.677" Title="Склоняется ли слово &quot;коала&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="11999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11998" CreationDate="2016-03-04T22:21:02.670" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;As it often happens, this word had been borrowed as indeclinable into Russian, but had later accepted declension as more people were becoming familiar with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In older texts it's indeclinable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Живут коала на ветвях особого вида эвкалиптов и питаются листьями. [коллективный. Из почты «Огонька» // «Огонек». № 34, 1956]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Вероятно, возрастающее внимание общественности к этому яркому шустрому зверьку сможет сохранить ему жизнь, как оно когда-то помогло спасти коала в Восточной Австралии. [Клуб Почемучек // «Юный натуралист», 1976]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, in newer ones it does decline:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Зоопарк, наверное, выполнил свой годовой план, постоять в очереди к коале пришел и мэр города. [Ирина Соколова. Бабочки летают (заметки о Тайване) (1999)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Австралийскому сумчатому медведю коале бесполезно предлагать морковку или бутерброд с сыром. [Т. Подоскина. Нескучная латынь // «Наука и жизнь», 2008]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dictionaries don't agree on declinability and gender either: Lopatin treats it as declinable feminine or indeclinable masculine; Zarva's &lt;em&gt;Русское словесное ударение&lt;/em&gt; says it's masculine and indeclinable; &lt;em&gt;Большой Толковый Словарь&lt;/em&gt; (the 1998's edition) says it's declinable feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-13T13:10:40.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11985" CreationDate="2016-03-04T22:34:32.033" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my point of view, &quot;как будто&quot; quite more pessimistic and unreal then &quot;будто&quot;. Also, the same words are &quot;Будто бы&quot; and &quot;будто&quot;, the words &quot;как&quot; and &quot;бы&quot; add some expression to the phrase. For, example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Будто он может действительно что-то сделать. - He can't change anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Будто бы он может действительно что-то сделать. - He can never change anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Как будто он может действительно что-то сделать - He can never EVER change anything. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6891" LastEditorUserId="6891" LastEditDate="2016-03-04T22:44:08.583" LastActivityDate="2016-03-04T22:44:08.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11994" CreationDate="2016-03-05T01:13:33.290" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are probably seeing some local quirk of the speakers. I searched online for Russian math videos where I thought it most likely I'd see a lowercase sigma: in analytic number theory for the real part of a complex variable s and in statistics for variance.  If you look at 24:05 of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAN6cp2W4ME&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAN6cp2W4ME&lt;/a&gt; (a lecture in Ukraine) and 40:52 of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLlprGzDbzc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLlprGzDbzc&lt;/a&gt; (not a lecture in Ukraine, but note the background colors) you'll see the letter written closer to the way you are used to, with no backward sweep at the top. Look also at Russian videos teaching people how to draw Greek letters, e.g., 7:49 of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rReE5ycWII8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rReE5ycWII8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2016-03-05T01:19:49.777" LastActivityDate="2016-03-05T01:19:49.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12002" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12007" CreationDate="2016-03-05T02:47:40.183" Score="2" ViewCount="1195" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes I know which verb to use but sometimes it is hard for me to decide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is it rule that with verb &lt;strong&gt;ЛЮБИТЬ&lt;/strong&gt; we should always use &lt;strong&gt;ХОДИТЬ&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ЕЗДИТЬ&lt;/strong&gt;, ... instead of &lt;strong&gt;ИДТИ&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ЕХАТЬ&lt;/strong&gt;, ...?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Уже восемь? Я &lt;strong&gt;ЕДУ&lt;/strong&gt; на работу! (Is it possible to use here &lt;strong&gt;ИДУ&lt;/strong&gt; if we are going by foot - ПЕШКОМ?)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мы &lt;strong&gt;ЕДЕМ&lt;/strong&gt; на море, а они &lt;strong&gt;ЕДУТ&lt;/strong&gt; отдыхать в деревню. (Is this correct?)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6833" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2016-03-05T04:13:19.083" LastActivityDate="2016-03-17T00:05:14.450" Title="ехать или ездить, идти или ходить" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12002" CreationDate="2016-03-05T04:17:38.427" Score="0" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Not sure what the question is about.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Correct.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;они ЕДУТ отдыхать. они ЕДЯТ арбуз (they are eating watermelon).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6892" LastActivityDate="2016-03-05T04:17:38.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12002" CreationDate="2016-03-05T04:58:33.920" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yes. &lt;strong&gt;Люблю ходить пешком&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;люблю ездить летом на море&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Actually &lt;strong&gt;идти на работу&lt;/strong&gt; is idiomatically correct regardless of means of transportation. (Unless you specify the means.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yes, if both are referring to a single trip. If you're asking about the ending, it's been fixed by Eugene in the edit. &lt;strong&gt;Едят&lt;/strong&gt; is a form of &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt;, not &lt;strong&gt;ехать&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Sorry for the duplicate answer, I was meaning to edit.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-03-05T04:58:33.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11985" CreationDate="2016-03-05T08:09:35.873" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there &lt;strong&gt;IS&lt;/strong&gt; difference. Let's add some context to those examples. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Он держится уверенно и даже разложил инструменты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как будто он может действительно что-то сделать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without any further addition, version (1) is internally neutral and can express either &lt;strong&gt;seeming possibility&lt;/strong&gt; (looks like he could do it; we don't know if he can) or &lt;strong&gt;strong doubt&lt;/strong&gt; (looks like he can do it, but we know he can't) and therefore needs more context for certainty. For example, you can add &quot;&lt;em&gt;Давайте посмотрим, что у него выйдет&lt;/em&gt;&quot; as well as &quot;&lt;em&gt;Мы-то знаем, что ничего не выйдет&lt;/em&gt;&quot; with the opposite sense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Он держится уверенно и даже разложил инструменты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Будто он может действительно что-то сделать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Version (2) expresses &lt;strong&gt;doubt or skepticism&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;on its own&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;as if he could do it&lt;/strong&gt;, but he can't). &lt;strong&gt;Будто&lt;/strong&gt; behaves like &lt;strong&gt;якобы&lt;/strong&gt; here, so if one wanted to add any 'positive' phrase just after (2), most likely they'd need to add &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; before &lt;strong&gt;будто&lt;/strong&gt;, to transform the sense into more neutral '&lt;strong&gt;it looks like&lt;/strong&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2016-03-05T08:18:59.500" LastActivityDate="2016-03-05T08:18:59.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12002" CreationDate="2016-03-05T08:16:58.867" Score="5" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Люблю ездить/ходить&quot; is correct in most cases, but:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) If you like the process of walking/riding/driving and doing something else in the same time, you can also say, for example: &quot;люблю идти по ночному городу и наслаждаться тишиной&quot;. This form is somewhat poetical, but is also OK in informal speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) There are collocations like &quot;идти на риск&quot; or &quot;идти в &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B)&quot;&gt;размен&lt;/a&gt;&quot; in which &quot;ходить&quot; is never used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;#2 and #3 are answered well by others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6877" LastEditorUserId="6877" LastEditDate="2016-03-05T08:25:58.817" LastActivityDate="2016-03-05T08:25:58.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11994" CreationDate="2016-03-05T08:48:52.167" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cheers from Moscow mathematician school. I quote our professor - &quot;Never mind, what kind of sign you are using - it could be a greek or even ancient egyptian hieroglyph- the main thing is a clear pre definition of any sign you use&quot;. So, I think there are no common rules here.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6895" LastActivityDate="2016-03-05T08:48:52.167" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12002" CreationDate="2016-03-05T08:57:14.483" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;verb ЛЮБИТЬ is both for &quot;love&quot; and &quot;like&quot; &#xA;Люблю идти/ехать - rare used it is like continuous action. &#xA;Люблю ходить/ездить - much more correct - this about an action that you like to do - for example you have two abilities to reach your work place - by car or by foot.&#xA;And you tell someone that &quot;Люблю ходить to my work place&quot; - this will be &quot;.. I choosing &quot;by foot&quot; rather then use any other ability to reach this place&quot; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Correct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Correct&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6895" LastActivityDate="2016-03-05T08:57:14.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11990" CreationDate="2016-03-05T08:59:26.987" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Avoiding all the boring nuances - &quot;я ПРИоткрыл окно&quot;, &quot;приоткрытое окно&quot; would be absolutely normal and no one will said that it is not acceptable or is not &quot;native way to say it&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5963" LastActivityDate="2016-03-05T08:59:26.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11994" CreationDate="2016-03-05T09:15:31.930" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my personal experience (I studied in Moscow in applied maths) I've seen people writing both versions of sigma, but &quot;Russian&quot; one really was more common. And also there is a rather common scenario, when the lecturer first writes sigma with short tail, then someone asks, what letter it is (or the writer notices himself, that it is not clear enough), and then he prolongs the tail upwards to emphasize it. As @Matt pointed out, Russian mathematician don't have a special course of Greek calligraphy, that's why everybody writes according to his/her own standards. Personally for me, &quot;Russian&quot; version is distinguishable even when it is written very poorly, with distorted proportions, while Greek one is less resistant to such transformations. Maybe, this is the reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastActivityDate="2016-03-05T09:15:31.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12014" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-06T19:25:02.270" Score="6" ViewCount="191" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conjunction with the recent Союз ТМА-18М mission there have been references to the «годовая» экпедиция of Scott Kelly and Михаил Корниенко, who spent 340 days in space.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding of Russian &quot;year&quot; adjectives is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ежего́дный = annual, yearly (happens once a year, every year, e.g., annual meeting)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;годово́й = annual, yearly (characteristic of an entire year, e.g., annual salary, average temperature over an entire year)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;годи́чный = yearlong, one-year (lasting one year)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;годова́лый = one year old (e.g., a one year old child, or полуторагодовалый for an 18 month old child)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;одноле́тний = annual (in the sense of a plant that is not a perennial), OR having the same age (as someone else)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;двуле́тний = biennial (in the sense of a plant that is not annual or perennial, but takes two years to fully develop)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;двухле́тний = two years long, two-year (lasting two years) OR two year old (e.g., a two year old child)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пятиле́тний = same as above, but for five years&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пятиме́сячный = same as above, but for five months&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Annual salary would use годовой because it is not a salary that is paid once a year, but rather is the total salary over the course of a year.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An annual report is годовой отчет because even though it's produced once a year (ежегодный), it's best understood as a summary of an entire year's events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tree rings are годичные кольца, I suppose because each one represents a one-year time span.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I'm not sure about годовая экспедиция or годовой полёт. Would it make sense to talk about a годичная экспедиция instead, and what nuance does годовая give instead?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The starship Enterprise in &lt;em&gt;Star Trek&lt;/em&gt; had a пятилетняя миссия, but if it was a one-year mission instead, would it be a годичная миссия or a годовая миссия? (or perhaps командировка, I'm not sure what the distinction would be between a миссия and a командирока).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6349" LastActivityDate="2016-03-17T00:13:58.120" Title="«годовая» экспедиция and &quot;year&quot; adjectives" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12014" CreationDate="2016-03-06T20:55:18.900" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a good &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/25369/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%B8-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B8-%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%B6%D0%B5-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82&quot;&gt;answer&lt;/a&gt; on rus.stackexchange.com:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Годовой - получающийся к концу года, в итоге за год; рассчитанный на&#xA;  год (доход, прибыль, убытки, расходы, собрание, оценка, подшивка;&#xA;  запас чего-л., задание и т.п.). &lt;em&gt;I.e. something that is a result of a year, appears at the end of the year or is calculated for one year.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Годичный - продолжающийся, длящийся в течение года (курс чего-л.,&#xA;  аспирантура, стажировка, командировка, цикл чего-л. и т.д.). &lt;em&gt;I.e. something that takes place over the course of one year.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With that in mind, &lt;em&gt;&quot;годовая экспедиция&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is clearly incorrect in this context, even though it is quite frequently used by the media. It should be &lt;strong&gt;&quot;годичная экспедиция&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &lt;em&gt;годичный&lt;/em&gt; also meant &quot;annual&quot; formerly, and there are some idioms that still use it with this meaning, most notably in conjunction with terms like &quot;assembly&quot; or &quot;conference&quot;: &lt;em&gt;Годичная научная конференция РАУ&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Годичное собрание Общества физиологов растений России&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6828" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T13:00:13.870" LastActivityDate="2016-03-06T20:55:18.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12014" CreationDate="2016-03-07T03:17:16.930" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Anton's answer describes proper Russian, but today &quot;годовой&quot; is usually used instead of &quot;годичный&quot;. I searched the pairs of годовой/годичный and срок/кольцо/цикл/экспедиция in Google, and in all cases &quot;годовой&quot; gave me several times more results, except with &quot;срок&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6877" LastActivityDate="2016-03-07T03:17:16.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12017" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12014" CreationDate="2016-03-07T11:09:40.243" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is what one may call &quot;a normal mistake&quot;. Yes, &quot;годичный&quot; is right word here, but people keep saying &quot;годовой&quot;, so pointing at this looks a bit overpuristic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the matter of &quot;командировка&quot; vs. &quot;миссия&quot;. Roughly saying, if your boss says you to go to NY, it's &quot;командировка&quot;; but if Master Jedi says you to go to blow up the Death Star, it's certainly &quot;миссия&quot;. As all this scientific stuff, space exploration, saving humankind etc. are considered to be very important things, both Star Trek and Soyuz-TMA may have only &quot;a mission&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-03-07T11:09:40.243" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12018" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12022" CreationDate="2016-03-07T15:22:07.607" Score="1" ViewCount="232" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a little confused... When does one use each of the three endings in the title for nouns?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T19:44:46.640" Title="Masculine singular instrumental -ом, -ем, -ём" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11998" CreationDate="2016-03-07T17:06:25.367" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a two-stage process. First, we get used to the name and correlate it with similarly sounding (gorilla, zebra, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panthera&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;panthera&lt;/a&gt; and so on). Next, we transfer all declination forms onto it, because this seems natural. So, koala becomes feminine, although it has also male connotations (медведь, а не медведица). Russians tend to thinks that words ending with &quot;a&quot; are feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(my private opinion is that koala is not declinable - because it does not drink)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6807" LastEditorUserId="6807" LastEditDate="2016-03-07T17:13:14.947" LastActivityDate="2016-03-07T17:13:14.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12018" CreationDate="2016-03-07T17:13:02.753" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, you're presumably talking of 2nd declension, which includes both neuter gender and masculine ending in -о -е or &quot;zero&quot; grammatical ending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule of thumb is like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-о&lt;/strong&gt; --&gt; &lt;strong&gt;-ом&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;-е&lt;/strong&gt; --&gt; &lt;strong&gt;-ем&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;-й&lt;/strong&gt; --&gt; &lt;strong&gt;-ем&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;-ь&lt;/strong&gt; --&gt; &lt;strong&gt;-ём&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  anything else --&gt; &lt;strong&gt;-ом&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet take this as a hint, not as a strict rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-03-07T17:13:02.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12018" CreationDate="2016-03-07T22:39:32.710" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those are variations of the same suffix in complementary distribution, depending on the preceding consonant and stress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ом&lt;/em&gt; is used after hard (non-palatalized) consonants, except &lt;em&gt;ц, ш, ж&lt;/em&gt;, anytime, and &lt;em&gt;ц, ш, ж, ч, щ&lt;/em&gt; if stressed: &lt;em&gt;угло&amp;#x301;м, го&amp;#x301;дом, плечо&amp;#x301;м, борщо&amp;#x301;м&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ем&lt;/em&gt; is used after soft (palatalized) consonants (including implied &lt;em&gt;й&lt;/em&gt;, that's after vowels and &lt;em&gt;ь&lt;/em&gt; in writing) and hard &lt;em&gt;ц, ш, ж&lt;/em&gt; if unstressed: &lt;em&gt;мо&amp;#x301;рем, экипа&amp;#x301;жем, со&amp;#x301;лнцем, ду&amp;#x301;шем, халде&amp;#x301;ем, подспо&amp;#x301;рьем&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ём&lt;/em&gt; is used after soft consonants (except &lt;em&gt;ч, щ&lt;/em&gt;) if stressed: &lt;em&gt;конём, огнём, ружьём, холуём&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To put it more simply: &lt;em&gt;-ом&lt;/em&gt; is hard, &lt;em&gt;-ем&lt;/em&gt; is soft unstressed, &lt;em&gt;-ём&lt;/em&gt; is soft stressed; but &lt;em&gt;ц, ч, ж, ш, щ&lt;/em&gt; never work with &lt;em&gt;ё&lt;/em&gt; in that position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-03-08T08:08:37.593" LastActivityDate="2016-03-08T08:08:37.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11990" CreationDate="2016-03-09T08:39:18.660" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would also mention the variant &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;вертикально&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Я открыл окно &lt;em&gt;вертикально&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Окно открыто &lt;em&gt;вертикально&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the variant used in my surroundings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The variant &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на проветривание&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is also widely used but often it specializes that the window is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;приоткрыто&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; just a bit, when the handle is near 45 degrees:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/amvav.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/amvav.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Я открыл окно &lt;em&gt;на проветривание&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Окно &lt;em&gt;на проветривании&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It really may be just a local use but it's common in many places over Tomsk and Krasnoyarsk regions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6865" LastActivityDate="2016-03-09T08:39:18.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12024" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-10T12:27:25.190" Score="2" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/44yVW.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/44yVW.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;question-kagda-pic&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see on the picture, one question is used for two different cases but why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6813" LastActivityDate="2016-03-10T15:06:08.180" Title="Why the question &quot;когдa&quot; is for 2 different cases?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12024" CreationDate="2016-03-10T12:48:52.060" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's a misleading way to represent it. Either &lt;strong&gt;когда&lt;/strong&gt; should be on a total of four cases, or two but not these two, because the only time constructions without prepositions use genitive (&lt;strong&gt;пятого числа&lt;/strong&gt;) and instrumental (&lt;strong&gt;ночью&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum up:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Genitive&lt;/em&gt; is used with dates (see above).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt;+&lt;em&gt;accusative&lt;/em&gt; is used with times (&lt;strong&gt;в пятнадцать часов&lt;/strong&gt;) and weekdays (&lt;strong&gt;в субботу&lt;/strong&gt;). It's also used with the word &lt;strong&gt;время&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Instrumental&lt;/em&gt; is used for seasons (&lt;strong&gt;весной, летом, осенью, зимой&lt;/strong&gt;) and times of the day (&lt;strong&gt;утром, днём, вечером, ночью&lt;/strong&gt;). Just these eight. Note that when you say &lt;strong&gt;днём&lt;/strong&gt; it specifically means &quot;in the afternoon&quot; (or &quot;in daytime&quot; in the context of a simple day/night binary); &quot;on that day&quot; would be &lt;strong&gt;в тот день&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt;+&lt;em&gt;prepositional&lt;/em&gt; is used with months (&lt;strong&gt;в марте&lt;/strong&gt;) and years (&lt;strong&gt;в две тысячи шестнадцатом году&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;На&lt;/strong&gt;+&lt;em&gt;prepositional&lt;/em&gt; is used with the word &quot;week&quot;: &lt;strong&gt;на прошлой/этой/следующей неделе.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anything I forgot? &lt;strong&gt;К&lt;/strong&gt;+&lt;em&gt;dative&lt;/em&gt; is &quot;by&quot; some time, regardless of timescale — &lt;strong&gt;мне нужно это закончить к понедельнику&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;I need to finish this by Monday&quot;. But this and other minor idiomatics would be too much for now, I guess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-03-10T12:48:52.060" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12024" CreationDate="2016-03-10T13:39:52.757" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, that's because Accusative differs from Prepositional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Accusative is about a whole range, while Prepositional is about &quot;an interval somewhere in between limits&quot;. Thus short ranges require Accusative (normally you can't split a moment, anyway), and long ones - Prepositional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, English speakers also treat time periods differently. Though English lacks cases, but it has a few different prepositions for this work. Consider &quot;&lt;em&gt;at that moment&lt;/em&gt;&quot; vs. &quot;&lt;em&gt;on that day&lt;/em&gt;&quot; vs. &quot;&lt;em&gt;in that year&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. It's also possible that you could find some analogy in your native language too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surprisingly, but a day (likewise an hour, or a minute) in Russian is thought to be too short for &quot;splitting&quot;, so we say &quot;в субботу&quot;, but not &quot;в субботе&quot;. Yet talking of month, one should finally switch to using Prepositional: &quot;в январе&quot;, but not &quot;в январь&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But note that there could be exceptions, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В тот год&lt;/strong&gt; осенняя погода&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Стояла долго на дворе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normal way of saying should be &quot;в том году&quot;, but the author intentionally uses Accusative, so it sounds rather kind of &quot;it was such a year...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-03-10T13:39:52.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12024" CreationDate="2016-03-10T15:06:08.180" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are various prepositions used with time and date in English, and this doesn't follow any particular logic: why do we say &quot;in March&quot; but &quot;on March 10th&quot;? And why &quot;at&quot; 2 o'clock?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian is no different, various prepositions are used for various expressions, with the extra twist that grammatical cases are also involved. For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в понедельник, в субботу = on Monday, on Saturday (accusative singular)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;по понедельникам, по субботам = on Mondays, on Saturdays (dative plural)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6349" LastActivityDate="2016-03-10T15:06:08.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12028" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12029" CreationDate="2016-03-10T15:14:47.510" Score="4" ViewCount="268" Body="&lt;p&gt;Насколько я понимаю, классические правила русского языка запрещают опускать слово &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;то&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; в предложениях вроде&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я знаю &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;то&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, что ты обманула меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правда ли, что опускать здесь &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;то&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; стало современной литературной нормой? Я всегда так делал, и начал сомневаться только после знакомства с правилами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2380" LastEditorUserId="2380" LastEditDate="2016-03-10T18:29:15.417" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T07:49:20.360" Title="“Я знаю (то), что ты обманула меня.”" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12028" CreationDate="2016-03-10T20:06:23.380" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;В данном случае правильно будет как раз без &amp;quot;то&amp;quot;, потому что второстепенное предложение отвечает на вопрос главного:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Я знаю что?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Что ты обманула меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;То&amp;quot; необходимо в другом случае, например: &amp;quot;Я знаю то, чего не должен знать&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Я знаю что?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- &lt;strong&gt;То&lt;/strong&gt;, чего не должен знать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если написать &amp;quot;Я знаю то, чего не должен знать&amp;quot;, без &amp;quot;то&amp;quot;, смысл получится совсем другой:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Я знаю что?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Чего (я) не должен знать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В первом случае говорящий владеет какой-то излишней информацией (&amp;quot;Я владею информацией, которой, по идее, владеть не должен&amp;quot;). А во втором - знает список вещей, которых он не должен знать (&amp;quot;Я знаю, какой информацией я не должен владеть&amp;quot;). Допустим, я каким-то образом узнала новую секретную технологию создания сверхмощного оружия, которая является государственной тайной и точно не должна быть известна мне, простому обывателю. В этом случае я могу сказать: &amp;quot;Я знаю &lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt;, чего не должна знать&amp;quot;. А может быть совсем другая ситуация: я не знаю самой технологии, но зато точно знаю, что она засекречена, и если я ее каким-то образом узнаю, у меня будут неприятности. А кроме этого, есть и другие вещи, которых я также не должна знать, по тем или иным причинам. Например, я не должна знать пин-код от чужой банковской карты, не должна знать медицинский диагноз моего знакомого (если он не хочет его раскрывать), не должна знать подробностей чужой личной жизни, и т.д. Все знания такого рода я могу выразить предложением &amp;quot;Я знаю, чего не должна знать.&amp;quot; (при этом не важно, владею ли я на самом деле этими излишними знаниями, или нет).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Именно Ваше предложение будет понятно и сохранит смысл и с &amp;quot;то&amp;quot;, хоть и будет звучать несколько неестественно. Но во многих случаях &amp;quot;то&amp;quot; существенно меняет смысл.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Еще несколько примеров, где &amp;quot;то&amp;quot; существенно влияет на смысл предложения:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1)&lt;/strong&gt; Представьте, что вы заходите на кухню и видите на столе миску с яблоками. Вы можете сказать:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я вижу, где лежат яблоки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А теперь представьте, что миска с яблоками закрыта крышкой. Самих яблок вы не видите (хоть и знаете, где они), только миску. Поэтому предыдущее предложение вы сказать не можете. Зато можете сказать: &amp;quot;Я вижу &lt;strong&gt;миску&lt;/strong&gt;, где лежат яблоки.&amp;quot; Или, если вы забыли слово &amp;quot;миска&amp;quot;, либо яблоки лежат в какой-то посуде, названия которой вы не знаете, вы можете сказать:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я вижу &lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt;, где лежат яблоки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В данном случае все внимание сконцентрировано на посуде, а видите вы яблоки или нет - не важно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2)&lt;/strong&gt; Художник может сказать:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я рисую, где живу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это значит, что он работает (рисует) у себя дома. Содержание его картин в данном случае не имеет значения. Значение такое же, как если бы он сказал: &amp;quot;Я рисую там же, где живу&amp;quot;. Но также он может сказать:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я рисую &lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt;, где живу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь смысл совсем другой - художник рисует интерьер своего дома, и все равно, где он сам при этом находится.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3)&lt;/strong&gt; Девушка может сказать:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я знаю &lt;strong&gt;того&lt;/strong&gt;, за кого хочу выйти замуж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это то же самое, что &amp;quot;Я знакома с тем человеком, за которого хочу выйти замуж&amp;quot;. Но есть и другой вариант, она может сказать:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я знаю, за кого хочу выйти замуж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этом случае она просто знает, чего хочет от будущего мужа, но неизвестно, знакома ли она на данный момент с подходящим человеком, и существует ли он вообще.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T07:49:20.360" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12002" CreationDate="2016-03-10T22:33:51.883" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;simpliest&lt;/strong&gt; explanation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;идти&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;ехать&lt;/strong&gt; is a process. Literally - &lt;em&gt;be going (by foot/by car)&lt;/em&gt;. Я &lt;strong&gt;иду&lt;/strong&gt; на работу - &lt;em&gt;I'm going&lt;/em&gt; to work (&lt;em&gt;now&lt;/em&gt;). Compare: Я &lt;strong&gt;хожу&lt;/strong&gt; на работу - I &lt;em&gt;go&lt;/em&gt; to work (&lt;em&gt;every workday&lt;/em&gt;). And yes, we use &lt;strong&gt;ехать/ездить&lt;/strong&gt; only if it's &lt;em&gt;by car/bus/underground&lt;/em&gt;, etc., if the &lt;em&gt;whole&lt;/em&gt; way is &lt;em&gt;by foot&lt;/em&gt;, we use &lt;strong&gt;идти/ходить&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;II&lt;/em&gt;. If we use infinitive we can say &lt;strong&gt;идти/ехать&lt;/strong&gt; if we mean a &lt;em&gt;single (non-repeated) action&lt;/em&gt;. Я не хочу туда &lt;strong&gt;идти&lt;/strong&gt;. - &lt;em&gt;I don't wanna go there (single action)&lt;/em&gt;. Compare: Я не хочу &lt;strong&gt;ходить&lt;/strong&gt; на работу. - &lt;em&gt;I don't wanna go to work (not just today, but in general - meaning repeated action)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;III&lt;/em&gt;. In '&lt;em&gt;when&lt;/em&gt;' clauses we use &lt;strong&gt;идти/ехать&lt;/strong&gt;, because we mean the process itself again. Когда я &lt;strong&gt;иду&lt;/strong&gt; на работу, я не отвечаю на звонки. - &lt;em&gt;When I'm going to work I don't answer phone calls&lt;/em&gt;. (not sure continuous form is appropriate here in English, sorry if I'm mistaken). &quot;Когда я хожу...&quot; would sound a bit unnatural. But in the past tense things differ. We use &lt;strong&gt;ходил/ездил&lt;/strong&gt; in case we don't mean a single action, but &lt;em&gt;all those actions together&lt;/em&gt;. Когда я &lt;strong&gt;ездил&lt;/strong&gt; на работу, я никогда не видел этот дом. - &lt;em&gt;When I went to work I never saw that house&lt;/em&gt; (I went to work lots of times of course). The opposite, we use &quot;&lt;strong&gt;шел/ехал&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; if we mean &lt;em&gt;a single action&lt;/em&gt;. Когда я вчера &lt;strong&gt;шел&lt;/strong&gt; на работу, мне перебежала дорогу черная кошка. - &lt;em&gt;When I was going to work yesterday a black cat crossed my way&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yes, with &lt;strong&gt;любить&lt;/strong&gt; we usually use &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ходить/ездить&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; because we mean those actions in general but not a process. In the accepted answer there is &quot;я люблю идти по ночному городу...&quot; but for me it sounds unnatural (I'm a native). I'd say &quot;я люблю ходить по ночному городу и наслаждаться тишиной&quot;. And yes with some idiomatic expressions like &quot;идти на рожон&quot; we use only this form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your #2 item: correct, because you don't mean here a repeated action in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your #3 item: Мы &lt;strong&gt;ЕДЕМ&lt;/strong&gt; на море - only &lt;em&gt;if we are doing it now&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Otherwise&lt;/em&gt; Мы &lt;strong&gt;ЕЗДИМ&lt;/strong&gt;. The same is for the second part of your sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6561" LastEditorUserId="6561" LastEditDate="2016-03-10T22:45:56.070" LastActivityDate="2016-03-10T22:45:56.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12028" CreationDate="2016-03-11T00:18:36.370" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это предложение грамматически верно как с &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;то&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;, так и без него. Стилистически вне контекста без &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;то&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; оно звучит лучше. &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;То&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; уместно, если есть цель сделать акцент на второй части предложения, привлечь внимание слушателя к тому, что сейчас последует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не знаю, какими благими намерениями ты руководствовалась. Я знаю то,&#xA;что ты обманула меня. Вот что для меня имеет значение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я понял то, что те, кто меня любят по-настоящему, не что-то&#xA;выдуманное, а меня, они любят меня не потому, что я хороший, а потому,&#xA;что они прекрасны. (Е. Гришковец)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Такое применение можно сравнить с использованием глагола &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;to do&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; в предложении &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;I do know that you lied to me.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Необходимым &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;то&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; становится в сложноподчиненных предложениях, в которых придаточная часть выносится в начало.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То, что вы накануне были у дома убитого, видели горничная и дворник.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6828" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T00:18:36.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12032" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-11T21:03:46.537" Score="6" ViewCount="928" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I understand it, &lt;strong&gt;вы&lt;/strong&gt;-words are used to show respect. They're used when speaking to elders, teachers, officials, and so on. I understand that &lt;strong&gt;ты&lt;/strong&gt;-words are used when speaking to friends, family, animals, and people who are deemed disreputable. So why do Russians use &lt;strong&gt;ты&lt;/strong&gt;-words in their national anthem (&lt;strong&gt;Государственный гимн Российской Федерации&lt;/strong&gt;) to address Russia? I'd think they'd use respectful language to the country they're proud of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Твоё достоянье на все времена!&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Славься, страна! Мы гордимся тобой!&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Одна ты на свете!&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6584" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T23:08:03.963" Title="Word of respect" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12032" CreationDate="2016-03-11T21:21:04.633" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;We use &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt; to address inanimate single objects and the god.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to your examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не валяй дурака, Америка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что же ты, власть, делаешь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Боже, да святится имя твоё.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T21:21:04.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12032" CreationDate="2016-03-11T21:24:11.977" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's respect, and there's reverence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English &lt;em&gt;you&lt;/em&gt; is a universalised polite form, and yet one traditionally addresses God with the singular, and originally informal, &lt;em&gt;thou&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The V-address has an upper limit of respect, as it were. It's precisely because entities like God and country and worthy of supreme respect, that you wouldn't address them in the language of trivial good manners, and the T-address comes back full circle as the higher-sounding one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T21:24:11.977" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12035" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-11T23:13:58.763" Score="2" ViewCount="324" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe it is an idiom.  Literally, it means &quot;on charging become&quot; or &quot;charging is on&quot;, but I'm looking for a more meaningful translation.  I found the phrase written on the back of a photo of my Russian girlfriend when she was younger (around 30).  She is sitting on a hotel room bed in the photo next to a vase of flowers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6928" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T07:03:33.893" Title="What does the phrase &quot;на зарядку становись!&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12035" CreationDate="2016-03-11T23:37:32.593" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Зарядка&lt;/em&gt; ,first of all,means &lt;em&gt;morning exercises&lt;/em&gt; as soon as you get up and there's another meaning &lt;em&gt;charging&lt;/em&gt; gadgets.Both give power and strength. The whole phrase means &lt;em&gt;get ready to do morning exercises!&lt;/em&gt; The origin is a song which was popular many years ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На зарядку,на зарядку,&#xA;  На зарядку по порядку становись!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-03-11T23:37:32.593" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12037" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12032" CreationDate="2016-03-12T08:37:33.753" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вы&lt;/strong&gt; is used to show &lt;em&gt;formal politeness to a human being&lt;/em&gt; only. Both parts are essential here: neither family, nor friend, nor enemy, nor sun, nor moon, nor God, nor country etc.etc. may be addressed by using &quot;Вы&quot;. Of course, rules may change from time to time: say, a century ago children had to say &quot;Вы&quot; to their parents; but nowadays it's like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So using &lt;strong&gt;Ты&lt;/strong&gt; while talking to country has even two meanings here: (a) country is not a human (actually, more than a human), and (b) a deep personal feeling, which excludes any formality (i.e. true sympathy and love).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's normal for Russian language: you have to be highly lyrical if addressing to any formal concept or inanimate object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-03-12T08:37:33.753" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12035" CreationDate="2016-03-12T12:33:50.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Line up for morning excersise&quot; - phrase also can be used by an adult to gather up some group of children, say, at summer camp or P.E. at school to do those excersises. Can be followed by command &quot;по порядку рассчитайсь&quot; (i.e. based on the calculated order)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4935" LastActivityDate="2016-03-12T12:33:50.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11990" CreationDate="2016-03-12T13:06:44.817" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Though in casual speach I really don't think one would be using such a specifications as &quot;Я открыл окно вертикально&quot;, &quot;Окно открыто вертикально&quot;. Sounds like phrase or directions from some manual. Except for case you just need to clarify that the window is tilted and not wide-opened. In any other case there's really  no need in such a detail, you can just state the fact  я открыл (opened) or я приоткрыл  (half-opened). I guess that the tilting mechanism in a window kind of imitates/replaces window leaf (форточка). So as an option maybe you can say &quot;открыть окно как форточку&quot;... As for &quot;на проветривание&quot; part - sounds kind of obvious and excessive, why else would anyone open windows?))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4935" LastActivityDate="2016-03-12T13:06:44.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11801" CreationDate="2016-03-12T13:10:52.857" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;throw together, mix up - is pretty much close&#xA;It can be used in a very casual speach, like among friends or family, as it is slang.&#xA;Сварганить обед, - to make a dinner very fast, for example from scratch or leftovers: &#xA;Сваргань мне что-нибудь поесть, я очень голоден (as a request) - Make me something to eat I'm very hungry.&#xA;Я быстро сварганила себе на обед салат - I quickly mixed up a salad for lunch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4935" LastEditorUserId="4935" LastEditDate="2016-03-12T13:20:08.933" LastActivityDate="2016-03-12T13:20:08.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12042" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-13T05:15:38.873" Score="1" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to say to my girlfriend's mother in Russian (via Skype):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Are any of your flowers still alive?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I would like to you to visit us in Atlanta soon.   I will pay for your trip.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I say this?  If you type it in Russian letters, I can pronounce it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6928" LastActivityDate="2016-03-13T11:48:27.093" Title="How do I ask these questions?" Tags="&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-03-13T18:34:34.330" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12042" CreationDate="2016-03-13T05:36:59.827" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Though I don't consider it to be a proper question...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ваши цветы все ещё живы?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't sound polite, I believe, in both languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я бы хотел, чтобы Вы приехали к нам в Атланту. Я оплачу поездку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-03-13T05:36:59.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12042" CreationDate="2016-03-13T11:48:27.093" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) No one says about flowers. Only reason to say it, you exactly know she is loving flowers.&#xA;better ask smth like : Как ваши дела? or Как вы поживаете?&#xA;it means approximatly &quot;how are u?&quot; or &quot;how its going?&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &quot;Я бы хотел (I want)&quot;, чтобы Вы приехали к нам в Атланту. Я оплачу поездку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;you can say &quot; Мы &quot; instead &quot; Я &quot; cos &quot; Мы &quot; means &quot; We &quot; you and your girlfrend together&#xA;    Мы хотим, чтобы Вы приехали к нам в Атланту. Я оплачу поездку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say also &quot; Приезжайте в гости к нам в Атланту. Я оплачу поездку&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;в гости&quot; means  You want them as guests in your house&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6934" LastActivityDate="2016-03-13T11:48:27.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12046" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-13T15:18:52.730" Score="4" ViewCount="310" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Дупло&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sub&gt; сущ., ср.рода, им.падеж, ед.число&lt;/sub&gt; :  (there lives a squirrel).   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Две белки выглянули из своих &lt;code&gt;[...]&lt;/code&gt;(there will be a &lt;em&gt;pl.noun&lt;/em&gt; in this field)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(a couple ways to answer ...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дупл &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дупел&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дуплей&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;???&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is: why have Russians faced difficulties in constructing such example?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2016-03-13T16:16:27.907" Title="Белка живет в дупле. Две белки выглянули из своих ...?" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12046" CreationDate="2016-03-13T15:54:33.030" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The correct answer is &lt;code&gt;дупел&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ru.wiktionary.org&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plural forms of some neuter nouns are rarely used in everyday language. Also significant part of the neuter nouns have no plural form at all. To be precise their plural form is the same as singular form.&#xA;For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;метро&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  кофе&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  кино&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  пенсне&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  кимоно&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-03-13T16:16:27.907" LastActivityDate="2016-03-13T16:16:27.907" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12048" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12049" CreationDate="2016-03-13T17:53:45.600" Score="7" ViewCount="2333" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ccGvu.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ccGvu.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hello everyone,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am having trouble translating this note in Russian cursive. I have been able to make out a few words, but it doesn't make sense. Can someone please help?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6936" LastActivityDate="2019-12-20T07:49:23.587" Title="Translating Russian cursive to English" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12048" CreationDate="2016-03-13T18:30:10.420" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;The writing says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я думаю что важно знать русский язык потому что если это понимаешь, то знаешь что я хочу говорить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not written by a native Russian speaker and its meaning is quite obscure, but I think this is the gist of it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I think that knowing Russian is important, because if you can read this, you know what I want to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is most probably a love letter of some kind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-03-15T12:46:46.193" LastActivityDate="2016-03-15T12:46:46.193" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11359" CreationDate="2016-03-14T00:22:05.437" Score="2" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;em&gt;instr.&lt;/em&gt; = &quot;with&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;em&gt;gen.&lt;/em&gt; = &quot;from&quot; (more or less, for some meanings of &quot;from&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Others have already given more precise answers about the above, so I will just mention the fairly rare&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;em&gt;acc.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is used in sentences like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;размером с морскую свинку = about the size of a guinea pig&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;размером с тыкву = roughly as big as a pumpkin&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6349" LastActivityDate="2016-03-14T00:22:05.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12051" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-14T01:03:54.247" Score="2" ViewCount="350" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is part of the phonetics class but I can not find any information about this in the book, the hand outs or on any other electronic resource. It is somewhat narrow field (question). I am curious what &quot;папа и баба&quot; would translate into Russian graphemes?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6939" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-04-13T22:20:37.493" LastActivityDate="2016-04-13T22:20:37.493" Title="What &quot;папа и баба&quot; would translate into Russian graphemes?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12051" CreationDate="2016-03-14T06:10:23.067" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;папа and баба translate in graphemes as папа and баба. There ara no graphemes --or if you want, the words are the graphemes. For the phonetics is as complicated languages which use them (incidentally English is the only language I know, that presents graphemes. German, French, Spanish, Italian, etc. don't). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If Russian phonetics is unfamiliar to you, it might then be helpful to consider lerning &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IPA&lt;/a&gt; instead. In particular, if your aim is to learn another language after/together with Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastActivityDate="2016-03-14T06:10:23.067" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12051" CreationDate="2016-03-14T13:09:49.213" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Папа и баба&lt;/em&gt; translate into a total of 11 graphemes (of which 5 are distinct: &lt;em&gt;п, а, и, б&lt;/em&gt;, space) in modern Russian writing, &lt;em&gt;П&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;п&lt;/em&gt; being allographs of the same grapheme.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we would have used a Church Slavonic written rendition of the same phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Па&amp;#x301;па и&amp;#x486; ба&amp;#x301;ба&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;,  that would have been a total of 14 graphemes, 7 distinct: &lt;em&gt;п, а, и, б&lt;/em&gt;, space, acute accent, psili.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-03-14T13:09:49.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12060" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12061" CreationDate="2016-03-15T01:42:46.973" Score="3" ViewCount="191" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; is used for days of the week, for instance в средy = on Wednesday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; is used for special days like на Рождество = at Christmas, на Пасху = at Easter. I think maybe both of these can refer to a period of more than one day (thus, &quot;at&quot; Christmas, &quot;at&quot; Easter), or perhaps they refer specifically to a single day (on Christmas Day, on Easter Sunday)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; + day of the week is used in expressions like в ночь со вторника на среду = overnight, on the night that starts on Tuesday evening and ends on Wednesday morning. The shorter expression в ночь на среду also means the same thing. Is there any other context that uses &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; + day of the week?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, the expression в ночь на Рождество means the night that starts on Christmas Eve and ends on Christmas morning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the expression в ночь на Хэллоуин means Halloween night. It is not the night that ends on the morning of October 31, but the night that begins on the evening of October 31.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I understanding something incorrectly, or is this last expression inconsistent with all the other &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; + day expressions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6349" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T15:26:34.760" Title="Inconsistent date logic of &quot;в ночь на Хэллоуин&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12060" CreationDate="2016-03-15T04:31:20.687" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) &quot;На Рождество&quot; = January, 7th. &lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;В Рождество&quot; - colloquial form for &quot;на Рождество&quot;. Both forms refers to an exact date. Despite the fact &quot;на Рождество&quot; sounds similar to &quot;на днях&quot;.&lt;br&gt; &#xA;&quot;Где-то под Рождество&quot; ≈ January 3rd - 7th.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;Примерно на Рождество&quot; ≈ January 5th - 9th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: if you refer to December, 25th, then you should use &quot;на католическое Рождество&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Also на + day of the week is used in expressions like в ночь со вторника на среду = overnight&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) However, the expression в ночь на Хэллоуин means Halloween night.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's a calque from English. In Russia, Halloween was not celebrated until the 90s at all, and it's celebrated mostly by teenagers now. So there is no exact public opinion regarding how we should call the celebration. &quot;Ночь на Хэллоуин&quot; looks like random colloquial form, which makes native speakers &lt;a href=&quot;https://otvet.mail.ru/question/757123&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt;, whether we should celebrate it on October 30th, or 31th.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) There are common forms for future periods, such as &quot;на завтра&quot;. They are used when doing something now, but the result of the actions will be of use in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Давай договоримся [о встрече] на завтра&quot; ≠ &quot;Давай договоримся о встрече завтра&quot;. &lt;br&gt;First is for making an arragement (for tomorrow meeting) now, in the second variant the arragement will not happen now, it would be done tomorrow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;На следующую неделю/месяц/сезон/год&quot; &lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;Давай на следующий год ребёнку купим лыжи&quot; ≠ &quot;давай в следующем году купим ребёнку лыжи&quot;. Second is for buying skis next year, when the snow will fall. First (depending on context) may refer to the same as second, but it also can mean buying skis now (so the kid is going to use it next year).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastEditorUserId="6986" LastEditDate="2016-03-22T15:26:34.760" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T15:26:34.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12062" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11801" CreationDate="2016-03-15T08:40:10.697" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning of the word &quot;сваргань&quot; goes from the name of musical instrument called &quot;варган&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jew%27s_harp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Eng&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Rus&lt;/a&gt; wiki articles on that subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To play on that &quot;варган&quot; can be translated as &quot;варганить&quot;. In slang it means to do something easy and fast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTV, I think it is a big challenge to learn language on &quot;Высоцкий&quot; songs. If you need any further help on that, don't hesitate asking.:) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6945" LastActivityDate="2016-03-15T08:40:10.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12063" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12064" CreationDate="2016-03-15T15:26:22.917" Score="4" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been trying to get a good translation of a Russian programming article. I more or less get the gist of what it is saying through google translate but some parts come out badly translated. Below is the original Russian and below that is the &quot;rough&quot; translation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Динамическое программирование по профилю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...]Заметим, что для базовой линии номер 1 существует единственный&#xA;  профиль (то есть битовая карта, удовлетворяющая условиям профиля) —&#xA;  карта незаполненного столбца.Ответ на вопрос задачи будет записан в&#xA;  a[m+ 1, 0]. Ошибкой бы было считать правильным ответом число a[m, 2n −&#xA;  1], так как в этом случае не учитывается возможность класть&#xA;  вертикальные доминошки в последнем столбце (см. второй пример).&#xA;  Обсудим «странные» условия на доминошки при получении одного профиля&#xA;  из другого. Казалось бы, забыт еще один тип доминошек, которые могут&#xA;  участвовать при формировании нового профиля, а именно полностью&#xA;  лежащие в столбце i + 1. Дело в том, что если разрешить их, то&#xA;  некоторые способы замощения будут считаться более одного раза.&#xA;  Например, пусть n = 2,m = 2. Т огда d[0][3] = 2, так как можно&#xA;  положить либо две вертикальные доминошки, либо две горизонтальные.&#xA;  Аналогично, d[3][3] = 1 (можно положить одну вертикальную). В итоге&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which &quot;translates&quot; to &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Dynamic programming on profile&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Note that the baseline number 1 there is a unique profile (i.e. a&#xA;  bitmap that satisfy the conditions of profile) card blank column. The&#xA;  answer to the problem will be recorded in a[m+ 1, 0]. The error would&#xA;  it was considered the correct answer among a[m, 2n − 1], as in this&#xA;  the case is not taken into account the possibility to put vertical&#xA;  dominoes in the last column (see second example). Discuss &quot;strange&quot;&#xA;  conditions on dominoes when you receive one profile from another.&#xA;  Seemingly forgotten one more type of dominoes that can participate in&#xA;  forming a new profile, namely completely lying in column i + 1. The&#xA;  fact is that if you allow them, some ways of tiling will be considered&#xA;  more than once. For example, let n = 2,m = 2. Then d [0][3] = 2,&#xA;  because you can put two vertical dominoes, or two horizontal.&#xA;  Similarly, d [3][3] = 1 (you can put one vertical). In the end&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure what &lt;code&gt;профилю&lt;/code&gt;is supposed to be in English. The word &quot;profile&quot; seems unnatural in this sense. Also, &lt;code&gt;для базовой линии&lt;/code&gt;doesn't make sense to me. Would someone be willing to give a rough translation of this paragraph for me. I would appreciate it greatly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6949" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-03-15T19:45:06.083" LastActivityDate="2016-03-15T19:58:39.310" Title="What do &quot;базовая линия&quot; and &quot;профиль&quot; mean in this text?" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12064" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12063" CreationDate="2016-03-15T18:23:33.677" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://informatics.mccme.ru/mod/book/print.php?id=290&amp;amp;chapterid=73&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; &quot;базовая линия&quot; is a line between squares, it could be translated as &quot;grid line&quot; or &quot;dividing line&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;профиль&quot; is used in a sense like &quot;topographic profile&quot;, a cross-sectional view of the matrix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it says that the cross section in the 1st grid line can only be an empty bitmap. The final result will be in a[m+1, 0]. One can make a mistake of not considering vertical dominoes in the last column and using a[m, 2n−1] instead, etc... (The rest seems OK.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6877" LastEditorUserId="6877" LastEditDate="2016-03-15T19:58:39.310" LastActivityDate="2016-03-15T19:58:39.310" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12065" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12067" CreationDate="2016-03-16T09:36:42.357" Score="2" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would anybody be so kind and could explain me the difference between &lt;strong&gt;зарекомендовывать&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;рекомендовать&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I ask a couple of dictionaries but they stated always the same &lt;strong&gt;to recommend&lt;/strong&gt;, this might be clear for the one without the prefix but not for one with the prefix right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6381" LastActivityDate="2016-03-16T10:32:10.557" Title="Difference between зарекомендовывать / рекомендовать?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12065" CreationDate="2016-03-16T10:22:50.900" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Рекомендовать — to recommend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зарекомендовывать — imperfect form of Зарекомендовать:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зарекомендовать себя с лучшей стороны — Proved itself with the best hand&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Зарекомендовать себя с худшей стороны — To establish itself with the worst hand&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Прослыть(зарекомендовать себя) азартным игроком — Pass gambler&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Прослыть(зарекомендовать себя) обманщиком — Branded liar&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Зарекомендовать себя ~ заслужить/заработать мнение о себе — Deserve opinion of himself; Make an opinion about himself.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Этот телефон зарекомендовал себя как очень надёжный — This phone has proved to be very reliable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2016-03-16T10:30:19.650" LastActivityDate="2016-03-16T10:30:19.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12065" CreationDate="2016-03-16T10:32:10.557" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Зарекомендовывать&lt;/em&gt; is just an imperfective form of &lt;em&gt;зарекомендовать&lt;/em&gt;. But the verb &lt;em&gt;зарекомендовать&lt;/em&gt; is in 99% cases used in expression &lt;em&gt;зарекомендовать себя&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;prove oneself&lt;/em&gt;. So from this follows that imperfective &lt;em&gt;зарекомендовывать&lt;/em&gt; is almost never used in speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's a normal situation when using prefixes: almost any combination is legal, but only some are really useful. I have no idea where you've found &quot;&lt;em&gt;зарекомендовывать&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, but it's not of much use for your spoken practice. So just forget it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-03-16T10:32:10.557" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12071" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12072" CreationDate="2016-03-18T03:28:08.177" Score="16" ViewCount="667" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, verbs in the past have gender information attached to them, so that “я спросил” implies that the asker was male, whereas “я спросила” comes from a female.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why no other tenses have this trait, or why verbs were even chosen to differ by speaker's gender?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6962" LastActivityDate="2016-12-28T13:51:49.490" Title="Why do verbs in past tense—and not other parts of speech—have gender?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12071" CreationDate="2016-03-18T05:01:55.057" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because historically what we call past in modern Russian is perfect, and what we believe to be past forms of the verbs are in fact participles (adjectives formed from verbs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он пел / она пела / оно пело (he / she / it has sung)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он бел / она бела / оно бело (he / she / it is white)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In old Russian there was a number of other past tenses. The most used of them, the aorist, did not change by gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-03-18T05:01:55.057" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12071" CreationDate="2016-03-18T10:55:29.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Good question. I guess for the same reason why in English you say &quot;ten apples&quot; and not &quot;ten apple&quot;, you have said &quot;ten&quot; already, why add &quot;s&quot;? :) If I am not mistaken, in Chinese they say &quot;ten apple&quot;. Historical, etymological reasons. Same in Spanish, even worse, the words are changed not only according to gender, but also according to tense and if its single or plural. English is so much easier :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4848" LastActivityDate="2016-03-18T10:55:29.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12077" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12079" CreationDate="2016-03-18T19:46:00.973" Score="3" ViewCount="275" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate &lt;strong&gt;Не позволишь жизнь скомкати&lt;/strong&gt; as &quot;you will not allow life to get muffed up&quot;. I realize this is not a very poetic translation. It is taken from the following quatrain:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если беден я, как пес, один, &#xA;И в дому моем шаром кати - &#xA;Ведь поможешь ты мне, господи! &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Не позволишь жизнь скомкати&lt;/strong&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I am not sure about the grammatical role of the word &lt;strong&gt;скомкати&lt;/strong&gt;. Is it in the imperative? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6722" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T09:26:03.260" Title="Meaning of phrase &quot;Не позволишь жизнь скомкати&quot; from song Дом Xрустальный" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12077" CreationDate="2016-03-18T20:00:18.837" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I would translate Не позволишь жизнь скомкати as &quot;you will not allow life to get muffed up&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Скомкати&quot; is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Slavonic_language&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Church Slavonic&lt;/a&gt; form of verb &quot;скомкать&quot;, &quot;crumple&quot;. Church Slavonic language is used in prayers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6877" LastEditorUserId="6877" LastEditDate="2016-03-18T20:21:10.990" LastActivityDate="2016-03-18T20:21:10.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12077" CreationDate="2016-03-18T20:17:43.800" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it is not an imperative. It is an infinitive, &quot;скомкать&quot;. &#xA;The form you found is archaic (or, in this case it would be the same, used as  a Church Slavonic word). The modern Russian infinitive ending -ть is derived from the old one -ти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here it used for some poetic reason, or maybe just for a better rhyme.&#xA;Hence it is (lyric enough) poetry, &quot;muffed up&quot; probably is not the  best translation. The direct &quot;to crumple&quot;  would be the best, I guess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The imperative would be &quot;скомкай&quot;, &quot;скомкайте&quot; for plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6494" LastActivityDate="2016-03-18T20:17:43.800" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12077" CreationDate="2016-03-18T20:28:53.400" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ти, -ть, -чь&lt;/em&gt; are variations of the same infinitive suffix in complementary distribution: &lt;em&gt;-ть&lt;/em&gt; is used when unstressed (&lt;em&gt;да&amp;#x301;ть, бра&amp;#x301;ть&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;-ти&lt;/em&gt; when stressed (&lt;em&gt;мести&amp;#x301;, нести&amp;#x301;&lt;/em&gt;), and &lt;em&gt;-чь&lt;/em&gt; when the stem ending is a velar stop (&lt;em&gt;к&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;г&lt;/em&gt;): &lt;em&gt;печь (пеку), стричь (стригу)&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in poetic speech &lt;em&gt;-ть&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;-ти&lt;/em&gt; (as well as &lt;em&gt;-чь&lt;/em&gt; and now extinct &lt;em&gt;-чи&lt;/em&gt;) are in free variation, dictated by rhythm, rhyme and meter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но ка&amp;#x301;к / проне&amp;#x301;сть / мне э&amp;#x301;/тот во&amp;#x301;/рох&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Призна&amp;#x301;/ний че&amp;#x301;/рез ва&amp;#x301;ш / поро&amp;#x301;г? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, the iamb (two-syllable foot with the stress on the last syllable) requires &lt;em&gt;пронесть&lt;/em&gt; to be a two-syllable oxytone (a word with the stress on the last syllable).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дай к тебе&amp;#x301; нам, / по тебе&amp;#x301; нам, / мать, ступа&amp;#x301;ти&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В час вече&amp;#x301;рний, / на моско&amp;#x301;вском, / на Арба&amp;#x301;те.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here, the third paean (four-syllable foot with the stress on the third syllable) requires &lt;em&gt;ступати&lt;/em&gt; to be a three-syllable paroxytone (a word with the stress on the penultimate syllable).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, answering your question, &lt;em&gt;ско&amp;#x301;мкати&lt;/em&gt; is a poetic variation of the infinitive &lt;em&gt;ско&amp;#x301;мкать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-03-19T09:40:56.413" LastActivityDate="2016-03-19T09:40:56.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12083" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12084" CreationDate="2016-03-19T15:19:03.507" Score="3" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;I encountered an example on Rosetta Stone which contrasted these three  sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Здесь нельзя с собакой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Здесь нельзя на машине&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Здесь нельзя в туфлях&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, is there any grammatical reason why to use any of these pronouns and not the others? Are these specific to the noun just as &lt;code&gt;в школе&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;на почте&lt;/code&gt; have pronouns specific to that noun? Or would &lt;code&gt;нельзя в собаке&lt;/code&gt; also be just fine? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6444" LastEditorUserId="1688" LastEditDate="2016-03-21T10:04:41.503" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T18:27:22.473" Title="Prepositions used after нельзя" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12083" CreationDate="2016-03-19T15:47:12.783" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;which contrasted these three sentences&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All these sentences have some verb omitted. As we assume these verbs to be different, we naturally have to put different prepositions after them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[гулять] &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; собакой --&gt; [walk] &lt;strong&gt;with&lt;/strong&gt; a dog&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [ездить] &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; машине --&gt; [drive] a car (no prepostion needed in English)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [ходить] &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; туфлях --&gt; [walk] &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt; shoes&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [???] &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; собаке --&gt; [what???] &lt;strong&gt;inside&lt;/strong&gt; a dog&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are these specific to the noun&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specific to both a noun and a verb. I.e. just as usual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-03-19T15:47:12.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12087" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12091" CreationDate="2016-03-20T10:01:04.503" Score="1" ViewCount="134" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am doing some home work and would need help with two names that I can not find. What is Эва and яна in IPA?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6972" LastEditorUserId="6972" LastEditDate="2016-03-20T10:15:14.800" LastActivityDate="2016-03-20T12:50:56.787" Title="I would need help with how to translate an easy Russian word in IPA" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="17" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1612" CreationDate="2016-03-20T12:14:41.267" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In his book Лев Кассиль describes introduction of verbal marks in such way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В учительской повесили  новый  портрет:  волосы  ершиком,  отвороченные&#xA;  уголки стоячего воротничка, как  крылышки  херувима...  Александр  Федорович&#xA;  Керенский.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На специальном  молебне  учителя  присягали  Временному  правительству.&#xA;  Общую молитву всех классов отменили. По утрам, перед уроками,  стали  читать&#xA;  прямо в классе коротенькую молитву. Затем либеральный новый директор решился&#xA;  на смелый шаг: он отменил отметки.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отныне учителя не ставили в наши дневники и тетради единиц  и  пятерок.&#xA;  Вместо единицы писалось  &quot;плохо&quot;,  вместо  двойки  -  &quot;неудовлетворительно&quot;.&#xA;  Тройку заменяло &quot;удовлетворительно&quot;. &quot;Хорошо&quot; означало прежнюю  четверку,  а&#xA;  &quot;отлично&quot; стоило пятерки.  Потом,  чтобы  не  утратить  прежних  &quot;плюсов&quot;  и&#xA;  &quot;минусов&quot;, стали  писать  &quot;очень  хорошо&quot;,  &quot;не  вполне  удовлетворительно&quot;,&#xA;  &quot;почти отлично&quot; и  так  далее.  А  латинист  Тараканиус,  очень  недовольный&#xA;  реформой, поставил однажды Биндюгу за  письменную  уже  нечто  необъяснимое:&#xA;  &quot;совсем плохо с двумя минусами&quot;. Так и за четверть вывел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, accrding to Kassil, such marks were introduced in his gymnasium in 1917 and before that time they had &quot;numeric&quot; marks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though it does not answer on what was the word for &quot;отличник&quot;, but nevertheless tells about &quot;хорошист&quot; - looks like such term could not be produced from verbal marks before 1917.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-03-21T07:59:41.890" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T07:59:41.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12089" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12090" CreationDate="2016-03-20T12:17:17.837" Score="3" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just out of curiosity, I was given the name Юля that I was to map in to IPA. When I tried to look up &quot;Юля&quot; it came up as &quot;Юлия&quot;. As Russian speaker what is the difference between these two spellings and are these two, two different names?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would love to hear your input on this and if they are referring to the same name what is the background. What is commonly used in Russian language today?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6972" LastActivityDate="2016-03-20T12:30:27.850" Title="Spelling of name" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12089" CreationDate="2016-03-20T12:30:27.850" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the same name.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Юля&lt;/code&gt; is just a shorthand for the name &lt;code&gt;Юлия&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So, the difference is the same as between, for example, &lt;code&gt;Mike&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Michael&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-03-20T12:30:27.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12087" CreationDate="2016-03-20T12:50:56.787" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Яна&lt;/strong&gt; is ['janə] and &lt;strong&gt;Эва&lt;/strong&gt; is ['ɛvə].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-03-20T12:50:56.787" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12092" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12093" CreationDate="2016-03-20T13:58:31.603" Score="5" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it simply &lt;strong&gt;чувствовать ненависть&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a sentence like &lt;strong&gt;Он не чувствовал ненависти к своим врагам&lt;/strong&gt;, what is the case of ненависти? I can rule out &lt;em&gt;nominative plural&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;prepositional singular&lt;/em&gt;, but that leaves &lt;em&gt;genitive singular&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;dative singular&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;accusative plural&lt;/em&gt;. I want to make sure I'm thinking of ненависть in the Russian way here (not just a translation of &quot;hatred&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T09:39:50.450" Title="How to express &quot;feel hatred&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12092" CreationDate="2016-03-20T14:13:14.423" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Испытывать ненависть&lt;/strong&gt; is probably the best choice in terms of style, but &lt;strong&gt;чувствовать&lt;/strong&gt; is the go-to, catch-all term you're generally more likely to hear. &lt;strong&gt;Ощущать&lt;/strong&gt; is another option but with &lt;strong&gt;ненависть&lt;/strong&gt;, it somehow strikes me as unpleasantly wannabe-bookish. I could be wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The case on &lt;strong&gt;ненависти&lt;/strong&gt; is genitive singular; the reason for it is just the negative on the verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ненависть&lt;/strong&gt; is very much a translation of &quot;hatred&quot; — unless, conversely, I'm missing something uniquely English about the word; but I don't think I am. Both are the most generic term available in its respective language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-03-20T14:13:14.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12094" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12095" CreationDate="2016-03-20T22:29:56.157" Score="1" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would need your constructive expert opinion on my IPA translations. This is a difficult topic so bare with me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Желтéть         ʐɛltʲetʲ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;чернéет         t͡ɕɪɾˈnʲeɛt&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;с детьми        s ͡ ˈdʲetʲmɪ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Аквалáнг        ɐkvɐˈlank&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жёлудь - Жора   ˈʐolʊtʲ - ˈʐorə&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6975" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T04:48:52.810" Title="Russian words translated into IPA" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12094" CreationDate="2016-03-21T04:43:31.857" Score="3" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;ʐᵻlˈtʲetʲ&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;t͡ɕɪrˈnʲeɪt — two things here: 1. /r/ is definitely a trill in this position; 2. AFAIK, most or all authorities would insist on [t͡ɕɪrˈnʲejɪt], but I daresay the [j] is a bit of an academic relic; no-one really ever articulates it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;z‿dʲɪtʲˈmʲi (it's got mobile stress)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the rest are OK.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. It took some time to find, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://easypronunciation.com/en/russian-phonetic-transcription-converter&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; seems to be an automated Russian IPA transcriptor that works. (Sadly it seems to never stop asking for the math captcha.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2016-03-21T04:48:52.810" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T04:48:52.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12096" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12097" CreationDate="2016-03-21T09:09:32.070" Score="8" ViewCount="1263" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does &lt;strong&gt;прятки&lt;/strong&gt;, the Russian word for the game &lt;strong&gt;hide and seek&lt;/strong&gt;, come from &lt;em&gt;пяток&lt;/em&gt; (five), &lt;em&gt;пятка&lt;/em&gt; (heel), or something else? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is пяток, because of counting from 1 to 5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T15:44:57.593" Title="Origin of прятки (Russian word for &quot;Hide and Seek&quot; game)" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12097" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12096" CreationDate="2016-03-21T09:19:50.573" Score="30" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neither. This word derives from the verb &quot;прятаться&quot;, which translates as &quot;to hide (oneself)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-03-21T09:44:55.453" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T09:44:55.453" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12098" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12099" CreationDate="2016-03-21T10:17:09.670" Score="-2" ViewCount="300" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a wording or a word in Russian for people that are just &quot;uninformed&quot;. In one of the languages I use I do not want to insult them but I want to signal that I do not want anything to do with them. That they should stay away so I use: &quot;мали грађанин&quot;. Could be translated as: &quot;small towner&quot;. What about in Russian? I am looking for a word that is closer to the &quot;мали građanin&quot; on the scale, that is not derogatory, broad, that is not a swear word but could sting a little so they get the picture quickly no matter how slow they are. If the title is too broad please amend it. Response on this is not urgent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6975" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-03-21T10:48:58.657" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T18:25:03.793" Title="Looking for a Russian word" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12098" CreationDate="2016-03-21T10:39:55.530" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe you're looking for &lt;code&gt;провинциал&lt;/code&gt;? It's not derogatory but definitely stingy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/провинциал&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T10:39:55.530" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12098" CreationDate="2016-03-21T10:42:49.247" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Белое пальто&quot; - from meme &quot;Вы все дураки и не лечитесь одна я умная в белом пальто стою красивая&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Он в белом пальто&quot;/&quot;белопальтовый&quot; - describes the one who thinks he's smart and cool. But envious and not so cool, as he thinks about himself. Note: this term is not really widespead, only internet users would understand it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T10:42:49.247" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12101" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12102" CreationDate="2016-03-21T10:51:29.970" Score="8" ViewCount="627" Body="&lt;p&gt;My interpretation of &lt;strong&gt;Жили-были старик со старухой у самого синего моря&lt;/strong&gt; is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Once upon a time, there lived an old man and woman by the&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;most&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;blue sea.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Once upon a time, there lived an old man and woman by the&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;bluest&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;sea.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, both Google and Yandex translate &lt;strong&gt;самого синего моря&lt;/strong&gt; as simply &lt;em&gt;blue sea&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;strong&gt;bluest&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;sea&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning of самого in the sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="6354" LastEditDate="2016-03-21T11:01:26.877" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T18:55:46.023" Title="Meaning of самого in &quot;Жили-были старик со старухой у самого синего моря&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12101" CreationDate="2016-03-21T10:55:52.237" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Самого&quot; here refers to &quot;sea&quot;, not to &quot;blue&quot;. It means, that they lived right beside the blue sea, very close to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прочитайте текст полностью, с самого начала до самого конца.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Read the text completely, from the very beginning up to the very end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вышла из магазина и пошла домой, но у самого входа в дом поняла,&#xA;  что забыла купить молоко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I left the shop and went home, but when I was about to enter my house, I realized, that forgot to buy milk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="6725" LastEditDate="2016-03-21T11:00:54.433" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T11:00:54.433" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12104" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-21T11:41:37.343" Score="2" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;What if it's , &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Между&lt;/strong&gt; 1905 и 1914 годами&quot;? How would you say the ending of the two years? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6978" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T12:06:32.873" Title="How would I say in between () and () year in Russian?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12104" CreationDate="2016-03-21T11:47:38.173" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Между ...пят&lt;strong&gt;ым&lt;/strong&gt; и ...четырнадцат&lt;strong&gt;ым&lt;/strong&gt; годами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6602" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T11:47:38.173" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12104" CreationDate="2016-03-21T12:06:32.873" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say &lt;code&gt;С 1905-го по 2014-й&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We don't usually say &quot;between years&quot; in Russian, as an idiom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T12:06:32.873" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12107" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12111" CreationDate="2016-03-21T13:33:33.063" Score="5" ViewCount="404" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Rammstein's &quot;Moskau&quot; the singer uses &quot;раз два три&quot; which I had understood as meaning &quot;one, two, three&quot;, however I am now learning that the proper way to count up would be &quot;один два три&quot;. I've come across &quot;раз&quot; in other situations, such as &quot;еще раз&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When is it appropriate to use &quot;раз&quot; as meaning &quot;one&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6524" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T13:52:06.500" Title="Oдин or раз (Rammstein Moskau lyrics)" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12071" CreationDate="2016-03-21T13:36:44.753" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the Russian past tense is the past perfect   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the past perfect is the past tense form of the verb (eg &lt;em&gt;пел&lt;/em&gt;) + the present tense form of the auxiliary verb  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the past tense form of the verb is a predicate adjective  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;predicate adjectives requires gender/number agreement  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the auxiliary verb is the copula (&lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt;)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;the copula is dropped in modern Russian in the present tense&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(That dropped copula is what causes the confusion.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if we include the copula, as in older* Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он есть пел.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Она есть пела.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Оно есть пело.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Они суть пели.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мы есмы пели.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is analogous to Ukrainian, Serbian and so on (and even Italian and French for many verbs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was true for Russian copula in any situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он есть инженер.  Погода есть хорошая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in modern Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он ∅ пел.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Она ∅ пела.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Оно ∅ пело.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Они ∅ пели.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мы ∅ пели.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Он ∅ инженер.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Погода ∅ хорошая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The copula is dropped, but the agreement is still required.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;How old is old?&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_copula#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article on zero copula&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The present tense of the copula in Russian was in common use well into the 19th Century (as attested in the works of Fyodor Dostoyevsky) but is now used only for archaic effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5897" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditDate="2016-12-28T13:51:49.490" LastActivityDate="2016-12-28T13:51:49.490" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12107" CreationDate="2016-03-21T13:51:32.997" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;один&lt;/em&gt; is used to tell the number of things, like &lt;em&gt;один день&lt;/em&gt; 'one day' or &lt;em&gt;один человек&lt;/em&gt; 'one person', but &lt;em&gt;раз&lt;/em&gt; is used in the sequence &lt;em&gt;раз два три&lt;/em&gt; when you count objects, like pointing your index finger at objects counting aloud 'one, two, three, four, etc.' without naming the objects you count. Also, &lt;em&gt;раз&lt;/em&gt; is used in the army while the soldiers are marching, and the officer is counting 'one, two, three' to help them keep the marching rhythm, the same in sports when the coach counts to the sportsmen. It is this last, army/sports usage that is in the Rammstein song, there are girls dressed as the Young Pioneers who used to march to their leader's counting, back in the Soviet times. Sometimes, &lt;em&gt;один два три&lt;/em&gt; is also used for counting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note, in Russian, only the word for &lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt; has different variants for these two purposes, but in Japanese &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; the numbers have two variants, one for telling the number of objects and the other for counting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other meaning of &lt;em&gt;раз&lt;/em&gt; is 'a time', like &lt;em&gt;пять раз&lt;/em&gt; 'five times', or even &lt;em&gt;один раз&lt;/em&gt; 'one time'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T13:51:32.997" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12107" CreationDate="2016-03-21T13:51:59.030" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When counting, &quot;раз&quot; is synonymous то &quot;один&quot;. You will find &quot;раз&quot; more used in military, for example, probably due to it being more concise. However, you won't usually use &quot;раз&quot; when counting things, where &quot;один&quot; is preferable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;один компьютер, два компьютера, три компьютера&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although &quot;раз&quot; may be used in this scenario as well (note the case agreement):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Раз дощечка, два дощечка – будет лесенка. Раз словечко, два словечко – будет песенка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4801" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T13:51:59.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12107" CreationDate="2016-03-21T13:52:06.500" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You may have come across &lt;strong&gt;eins&lt;/strong&gt; in German: it's the form that's used in a counting sequence (&lt;strong&gt;eins, zwei, drei...&lt;/strong&gt;), whereas otherwise the numeral one is &lt;strong&gt;ein&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Раз&lt;/strong&gt; is much the same thing: it gets used instead of &lt;strong&gt;один&lt;/strong&gt; in the counting sequence. The difference is that it's not mandatory, and, in fact, not standard, but in everyday language, it's virtually never &lt;strong&gt;один, два, три&lt;/strong&gt; but &lt;strong&gt;раз, два, три&lt;/strong&gt;. (Note that the counting-down sequence is still &lt;strong&gt;три, два, один&lt;/strong&gt;; using &lt;strong&gt;раз&lt;/strong&gt; here would sound incorrect.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now &lt;strong&gt;раз&lt;/strong&gt; is also a noun, meaning &quot;time&quot; — in the narrow sense of &quot;an instance&quot; (German &lt;em&gt;Mal&lt;/em&gt;, French &lt;em&gt;fois&lt;/em&gt;, Spanish &lt;em&gt;vez&lt;/em&gt;). That's what it will mean most of the times you come across the word, such as in &lt;strong&gt;еще раз&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;one more time&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Раз&lt;/strong&gt; can also be a colloquial conjunction meaning &quot;since&quot;, &quot;now that&quot;, &quot;seeing as [something has happened]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T13:52:06.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12083" CreationDate="2016-03-21T18:27:22.473" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian language often drops/omits the verb &amp;quot;to be.&amp;quot;  In all of the provided examples the verb &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;to be&amp;quot; (быть)&lt;/strong&gt; is dropped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь нельзя [быть] с собакой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь нельзя [быть] на машине&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь нельзя [быть] в туфлях&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The choice of a preposition is dictated by how &lt;strong&gt;to be&lt;/strong&gt; is connected with the object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to be &lt;strong&gt;with&lt;/strong&gt; a dog - быть &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; собакой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to be &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt; a car - быть &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; машине&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to be &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt; shoes - быть &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; туфлях&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T18:27:22.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1612" CreationDate="2016-03-21T20:59:35.027" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there a separate word relevant for tsarist period gymnasium student, similar to modern &quot;отличник&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My answer is &lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;. There wasn't a single grading system in Tsarist Russia such as 1-5 in Soviet times. There were many different academic grading approaches, as it is described &lt;a href=&quot;https://domashke.com/referati/referaty-po-pedagogike/kursovaya-rabota-pedagogicheskoe-ocenivanie-i-ego-vliyanie-na-formirovanie-samoocenki-uchashhihsya&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В начале второй половины XIXвека в России в разных типах средних&#xA;  учебных заведениях параллельно сосуществовали пятибалльная и&#xA;  12-балльная системы оценок. Кроме того, в начальной школе, учительских&#xA;  учебных заведениях, некоторых новаторских средних школах баллов вообще&#xA;  не было (например, в гимназиях Гавловского, Спешневой, Оболенской,&#xA;  позднее – Стюининой в Петербурге, некоторых других) [12]. В разных&#xA;  учебных заведениях и в разных странах использовали двухбалльную&#xA;  (зачтено, не зачтено), 60- балльную, 100-балльную системы. В некоторых&#xA;  случаях вместо цифровых баллов использовали сжатые (&quot;отлично&quot;,&#xA;  &quot;хорошо&quot;, &quot;удовлетворительно&quot;, &quot;неудовлетворительно&quot;, &quot;абсолютно&#xA;  неудовлетворительно&quot; или &quot;плохо&quot;) или развернутые словесные&#xA;  характеристики. Во французской школе практиковалось установление&#xA;  определенного рейтинга среди учеников: первый ученик класса или по&#xA;  какому-то предмету; второй, третий.… В ряде заграничных католических&#xA;  женских школах для привлечения учениц использовали разные ленты,&#xA;  жетоны. А в десятках российских школах существовали красные и черные&#xA;  доски уважения и унижения фамилий лучших и худших учеников. Таким&#xA;  образом, во времена, когда в Петербургском педагогическом товариществе&#xA;  происходила дискуссия о школьной оценке, однозначных взглядов на нее&#xA;  ни мировая педагогическая теория, ни школьная практика не произвели.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently, grading was and still is a subject of discussion, and many different approaches were tried during the past 200 years. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also see Education and the State in Tsarist Russia By Patrick L. Alston &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=xJarAAAAIAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA148&amp;amp;lpg=PA148&amp;amp;dq=academic%20grading%20russia%20tsar&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=qF6S97yIpk&amp;amp;sig=eSDPUgnjxyJIdPpgJ0YIFW8s5Gg&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwidwubw0NLLAhVEQCYKHa1-BOkQ6AEINDAE#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=academic%20grading%20russia%20tsar&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, which states that the Ministry of Education installed &quot;ballovaya systema&quot; with grades 1 through 5 throighout the empire, and that in conversation the teachers would call students: a &quot;two&quot;, a &quot;three&quot; or a &quot;five&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it doesn't seem to be true to say that Russian had 1-12 grading system, and that there was a word for pupils getting 12. If anything there was a familiar 1-5 &quot;ball&quot; system, or a variety of different systems, and there was unlikely a common name of the best students.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-03-21T21:17:43.467" LastActivityDate="2016-03-21T21:17:43.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12117" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12123" CreationDate="2016-03-21T22:51:11.237" Score="7" ViewCount="289" Body="&lt;p&gt;The English Wiktionary example for the sentence 'унести' says &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ве́тром унесло́ мою́ ке́пку.‎&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is translated into &quot;The wind carried my cap away.&quot;. Why does it begin with the instrumental case? I'm sure that « Ветер унес мою кепку » would also have been acceptable. Why begin a sentence with this case? What is the rule for this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6991" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-03-22T00:55:34.830" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T08:51:05.400" Title="Why &quot;ветром унесло мою кепку&quot; rather than &quot;ветер унёс мою кепку&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12117" CreationDate="2016-03-22T00:45:38.057" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually there's not that much of a mystery here. In fact, even in English  (I'm saying &quot;even&quot; just because modern English has no cases at all) there are some hints that could help you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, let's consider the famous title &quot;Gone with the wind&quot;. This is translated to Russian literally as &quot;Унесённые ветром&quot; not as  &quot;Ветер унёс&quot;. &#xA;So when one say in English &quot;with something&quot; or &quot;by something&quot; it most likely expressed in Russian via instrumental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare another famous English phrase &quot;baptizing by fire&quot; to it Russian equivalent - &quot;крещение [чем? - instrumental case] огнём&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now let's take a look at &quot;gone&quot; - what form of verb is this?  This is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participle#English&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;participle&lt;/a&gt;, or, in Russian, причастия - or, to be more precise, those are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_voice&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;passive participle&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a quote from wikipedia which nicely explains what it is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Passive voice is a grammatical voice common in many languages. In a&#xA;  clause with passive voice, the grammatical subject expresses the theme&#xA;  or patient of the main verb – that is, the person or thing that&#xA;  undergoes the action or has its state changed...For example, in the passive sentence &lt;strong&gt;&quot;The tree was pulled down&quot;,&lt;/strong&gt; the subject (the tree) denotes the patient rather than the agent of the action. In contrast, the sentences &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Someone pulled down the tree&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &quot;The tree is down&quot; are active sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd be glad  to say that if you understand this one thing you should remember is the usage instrumental case when needed but unfortunately this is not the hardest part. The hardest part is to memorize all this verb-derived forms that can be use in passive voice. But I guess this could be a part of a different answer for a different question which you'll definitely will have many if you'll keep on studying Russian ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; As @YellowSky has mentioned, indeed, things are a bit more complicated since, strictly speaking &quot;Унесло&quot; here is impersonal rather than passive, which is slightly a different concept but I don't won't go too deep into that. It is not oversimplification to say that those two concepts are very closely related. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-03-22T00:56:30.193" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T00:56:30.193" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12098" CreationDate="2016-03-22T01:50:02.587" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would use недалёкий (from недалеко - not far (reaching), implies that the person doesn't know much)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6993" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T01:50:02.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12122" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12117" CreationDate="2016-03-22T03:55:13.660" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not a native speaker, but here's my understanding of it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's an impersonal sentence, i.e., there is no noun or first-person, second-person, or third-person pronoun in the nominative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mне хочется покоя&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the same vein you could ask, why does this sentence begin with the dative case. Except you probably wouldn't ask because this kind of sentence is already very familiar. Also, it doesn't necessarily begin with a dative; you could write for example &quot;Иногда просто хочется покоя&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes Russian uses an impersonal sentence for some verbs where English uses a sentence with a subject, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Девушку вырвало&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The girl vomited&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So instead of impersonal sentences that involve a dative which are very familiar from Russian 101, there can also be sentences that involve an instrumental (like your example), or an accusative (like the above example). The verb is in the third person, and if it's in the past tense then it's neuter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, consider the opposite situations, where Russian uses a straightforward subject+verb sentence but English has an indirect formulation with an artificial subject. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дождь идёт  (&quot;the rain goes&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is raining&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6349" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T03:55:13.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12117" CreationDate="2016-03-22T08:15:14.820" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This kind of passinve sentences goes like this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Object in Accusative + Verb in neutral gender + Subject in Instrumental&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples, mostly from news and forums:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Женщину унесло ветром в Рамат-Гане.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Молодую женщину сбило с ног сильным порывом ветра. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Женщину в Техасе ранило шальной пулей из Мексики.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В Москве двоих детей поразило молнией&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ребёнка ударило током. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is mostly for accidents and incidents. You cannot use these when the subject is animate. For example, you cannot say &quot;Меня ужалило пчелой&quot; because пчела is animate.  You cannot say &quot;Пушкина убило пулей на дуэли&quot; because d'Anthès shot Pushkin on purpose rather than accidentaly.  You cannot say &quot;Его вылечило от туберкулёза горным воздухом&quot; because it is &quot;good&quot; and also because it lasts for long time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Words often exchange their order.  For example, one can say both &quot;кепку унесло ветром&quot; and &quot;ветром унесло кепку&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Passive sentences of this kind can be rewritten with passive participle, or as non-passive sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кепку унесло ветром&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кепка была унесена ветром (I'd say it is not a good style)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ветер унёс кепку&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While in the examples above the verbs are in past tense, they also can be in present or future :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кепку унесло ветром&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я снял кепку, а то её всё время ветром уносит&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сними кепку, а то её унесёт ветром.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2016-03-22T08:51:05.400" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T08:51:05.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12124" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12130" CreationDate="2016-03-22T09:55:58.247" Score="1" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which is the more correct interpretation of &lt;strong&gt;Он до полночи думал над проблемой&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) &lt;em&gt;He was thinking about the problem until&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;midnight&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;em&gt;He was thinking about the problem for&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;half the night&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is 1, because до is followed by the genitive case, and the genitive of &lt;strong&gt;полночь&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;midnight&lt;/strong&gt;), is &lt;strong&gt;полночи&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there is also the word &lt;strong&gt;полночи&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;half a night&lt;/strong&gt;), so maybe 2 is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-03-23T12:16:56.283" Title="Meaning of полночи in &quot;Он до полночи думал над проблемой&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12124" CreationDate="2016-03-22T10:00:15.917" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this is a wrong sentence. Formally it should be 2) but the context suggests the author meant 1). The author should use &quot;до полуночи&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Alex S. pointed out in the comments, it would be OK and have the 2) meaning if one more word is inserted. These both variants are correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он, бывало, до полн&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;чи думал над проблемой (meaning 2)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он до пол&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ночи думал над проблемой (meaning 1)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-03-23T12:16:56.283" LastActivityDate="2016-03-23T12:16:56.283" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12124" CreationDate="2016-03-22T10:02:53.253" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess that the intended meaning is &quot;until midnight&quot;, but the correct form is &quot;до полуночи&quot;, not &quot;до полночи&quot;.&#xA;For (2), the correct sentence would be &quot;Он полночи думал над проблемой&quot;, without the preposition &quot;до&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6987" LastEditorUserId="6987" LastEditDate="2016-03-22T10:11:02.407" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T10:11:02.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12124" CreationDate="2016-03-22T10:04:53.163" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Он до &lt;strong&gt;полУночи&lt;/strong&gt; думал над проблемой - means exactly the same as &lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;. Its just a grammatic mistake in ur word, because otherwise it makes no sense. You can trust me, I am native russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6998" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T10:04:53.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12124" CreationDate="2016-03-22T11:40:31.987" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although &lt;code&gt;до полуночи&lt;/code&gt; (meaning till midnight) is more frequent, &lt;code&gt;до полночи&lt;/code&gt; is also correct and has the very same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T11:40:31.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12124" CreationDate="2016-03-22T12:03:17.750" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Words &lt;strong&gt;Полночь&lt;/strong&gt; and its counterpart &lt;strong&gt;Полуночь&lt;/strong&gt; are very special. In Nominative and Accusative cases we normally say &lt;strong&gt;Полночь&lt;/strong&gt;, yet in other cases forms of &lt;strong&gt;Полуночь&lt;/strong&gt; (including &lt;strong&gt;до полуночи&lt;/strong&gt; = &lt;strong&gt;until midnight&lt;/strong&gt;) are used much more frequently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having said this, Genitive case &quot;&lt;strong&gt;до полночи&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is still considered legal and means &quot;&lt;strong&gt;until midnight&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. So this sentence exactly means (1) &quot;&lt;strong&gt;He thought about the problem until midnight&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, (2), i.e. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;до полночи&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; = &quot;&lt;strong&gt;about half a night&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, is also formally possible. Yet the latter looks too ugly and should be ruled out. Anyone, trying to say &quot;about half a night&quot;, would choose &quot;почти полночи&quot; over &quot;до полночи&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T12:03:17.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12131" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-22T12:29:49.590" Score="3" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;дáть, past tense have four conjuntions. According to Starling the third person past tense seems a little &quot;morphed&quot;. Does &quot;да'ло'&quot; seems correct to you?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;да'л&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;дала'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;да'ло'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;да'ли&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/morph.cgi?flags=endnnnnn&amp;amp;root=config&amp;amp;word=%E4%E0%F2%FC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/morph.cgi?flags=endnnnnn&amp;amp;root=config&amp;amp;word=%E4%E0%F2%FC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7001" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T12:33:05.613" Title="Morphed past tense third person of verb дáть?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12132" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12098" CreationDate="2016-03-22T12:32:23.290" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Perhaps, it's &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;обыватель&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;неодобр.&lt;/em&gt; человек, лишенный общественного кругозора, живущий только мелкими личными интересами &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7002" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T12:32:23.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12131" CreationDate="2016-03-22T12:33:05.613" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means both &lt;em&gt;да&amp;#x301;ло&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;дало&amp;#x301;&lt;/em&gt; are acceptable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lopatin's &lt;em&gt;Русский орфографический словарь&lt;/em&gt; seems to agree with that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T12:33:05.613" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12098" CreationDate="2016-03-22T18:25:03.793" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As one of the answers proposed: &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;провинциал&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; is a good choice but there are few more well-known in speech alternatives, like &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;село&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;сельпо&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, or more politely: &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;невежа&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7005" LastActivityDate="2016-03-22T18:25:03.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12135" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12138" CreationDate="2016-03-22T22:42:34.810" Score="4" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I wanted to say &quot;I know he loves Russia,&quot; could I say &lt;code&gt;Я знаю, он любит Россию&lt;/code&gt; or would it have to be &lt;code&gt;Я знаю, что он любит Россию&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that in English it is more proper to use 'that,' however I'm not sure how this works in Russian. Is it different for colloquial speech vs. proper grammar?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-03-23T01:23:34.003" LastActivityDate="2016-03-23T01:23:34.003" Title="Is &quot;что&quot; mandatory?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12135" CreationDate="2016-03-23T00:03:55.820" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я знаю, он любит Россию.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It sounds sympathetically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я знаю, что он любит Россию.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It sounds like a statement, or &quot;Of course I know...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6107" LastEditorUserId="6107" LastEditDate="2016-03-23T00:14:10.400" LastActivityDate="2016-03-23T00:14:10.400" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12135" CreationDate="2016-03-23T00:06:34.787" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both are gramatically correct. However, &lt;code&gt;Я знаю, он любит Россию&lt;/code&gt; is emotional, while &lt;code&gt;Я знаю, что он любит Россию&lt;/code&gt; is businesslike.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, &lt;code&gt;Россия&lt;/code&gt; should be capitalized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2016-03-23T00:06:34.787" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12135" CreationDate="2016-03-23T01:15:37.283" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're asking about an example that is somewhat atypical as far as &quot;that&quot;-dropping in Russian is concerned, so even though you've already picked a best answer I want to warn you against generalising from this example. The emotional tone is only here with &lt;strong&gt;знать&lt;/strong&gt;, which does &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; normally drop the conjunction. I don't think &lt;strong&gt;он любит Россию&lt;/strong&gt; is even a subordinate clause here, rather than &lt;strong&gt;я знаю&lt;/strong&gt; being a parenthetical, unattached statement, which is even movable (&lt;strong&gt;он любит Россию, я знаю&lt;/strong&gt; works, but you can't say &lt;em&gt;*Он любит Россию, он сказал&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now with &lt;strong&gt;сказать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;говорить&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;(по)думать&lt;/strong&gt;, the situation resembles English much more closely. &lt;strong&gt;Он сказал, он любит Россию&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Я думал, он любит Россию&lt;/strong&gt; are a highly colloquial, but entirely legitimate and very frequently used alternative to &lt;strong&gt;он сказал, что&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;я подумал, что&lt;/strong&gt;. Outside of these two aspectual pairs of verbs, though, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; is generally mandatory — again, &lt;em&gt;if&lt;/em&gt; we're talking about sentences with true subordinate clauses, which the Russian version of your example isn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-03-23T01:15:37.283" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12139" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12141" CreationDate="2016-03-23T10:56:27.317" Score="4" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does one express &lt;strong&gt;decade&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume the equivalent words are &lt;strong&gt;десятилетие&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;десяток&lt;/strong&gt;, but I'm curious about proper usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) &lt;em&gt;&quot;It's John and Suzy's 20th anniversary next year.&quot;&#xA;&quot;Wait, they've been married for almost 2 decades?!&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;em&gt;Are you a fan of 80s music?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) &lt;em&gt;A decade has passed since I last saw him.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) &lt;em&gt;Michael is in his 50s.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-03-23T21:52:11.413" LastActivityDate="2016-03-23T21:52:11.413" Title="Decade - &quot;десятилетие&quot; or &quot;десяток&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12139" CreationDate="2016-03-23T11:30:35.553" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Десятилетие&lt;/em&gt; sounds rather formal and official. It is rarely used in common speech, so it doesn't suit any of your examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) &lt;em&gt;Десяток&lt;/em&gt; is preferred, of course&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Wait, they've been married for almost &lt;strong&gt;2 decades&lt;/strong&gt;?! --&gt; Погоди, так они женаты уже почти &lt;strong&gt;два десятка&lt;/strong&gt; (or simply &lt;strong&gt;двадцать&lt;/strong&gt;) лет?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) 50s, 60s, 70s, etc. are naturally translated into &lt;em&gt;пятидесятые&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;шестидесятые&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;семидесятые&lt;/em&gt; etc. Note that word &lt;em&gt;года&lt;/em&gt; is silently assumed but rarely spoken here (i.e. &lt;em&gt;пятидесятые года&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are you a fan of &lt;strong&gt;80s&lt;/strong&gt; music? --&gt; Тебе нравится музыка &lt;strong&gt;восьмидесятых&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) If Russian speaker means &quot;about X years&quot;, he simply changes word order. So &quot;&lt;em&gt;ten years&lt;/em&gt;&quot; = &quot;&lt;em&gt;десять лет&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, but &quot;&lt;em&gt;a decade&lt;/em&gt;&quot; = &quot;&lt;em&gt;лет десять&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Also note that negative sentence is preferred here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A decade&lt;/strong&gt; has passed since I last saw him --&gt; Я его не видел уж &lt;strong&gt;лет десять&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Again &lt;em&gt;десяток&lt;/em&gt; is normally used if talking about human's age&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Michael is in his &lt;strong&gt;50s&lt;/strong&gt; --&gt; Михаил разменял &lt;strong&gt;шестой десяток&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-03-23T11:30:35.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12142" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-23T20:34:55.987" Score="4" ViewCount="391" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm having some trouble distinguishing  [ɐ] and [a]. In fast speech I usually pronounce  [ɐ] like [a]. Such as Алáния or Голосá.&#xA;Does it really matter?   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7010" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-03-12T17:16:42.383" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T17:16:42.383" Title="Stressed and unstressed [a]" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12142" CreationDate="2016-03-23T21:14:16.453" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In fact, it doesn't matter as much as you might think. If you pronounce stressed like unstressed (or, on the contrary, unstressed like stressed), most of russians will understand you. But sometimes it's difficult enough to understand person, whose native language isn't Russian, so it will be better, if you try to pronounce А letter correctly.&#xA;When the syllable is stressed, sound is not as long as english &quot;ah&quot;, but very close to that. And in the unstressed syllables it's shorter and sounds like &quot;u&quot; in &quot;cut&quot;, &quot;nut&quot; etc. Talk Russian, keep on training and you'll get it :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7011" LastActivityDate="2016-03-23T21:14:16.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12142" CreationDate="2016-03-23T21:49:03.013" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;From what I see when communicating with people learning Russian is that while pronunciation is definitely important factor it's not the most important one. Decent grammar is crucial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of phonetics it's enough to be able pronounce the &quot;basic&quot; set of sounds. I assure you that the majority of Russian native speakers does not even aware that there are more than one &quot;a&quot;-like or &quot;о&quot;-like phonemes. Moreover, though modern Russian has no such things like very distinctive dialects - there are some dialectal differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, around the Ural Mountains, people are pronouncing vowels noticeably in a very different way compared to one you can hear in, say, Central Region. And they don't give a flying anything whether their Russian is &quot;normal&quot; or not ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I encourage you to practice and do not care about subtle phonetics issues so far. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-03-24T06:48:30.473" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T06:48:30.473" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12142" CreationDate="2016-03-24T05:20:32.413" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to my experience, following common issues are disturbing while speaking Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Using English or French-like &quot;r&quot; instead of &quot;р&quot; (картавость);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Messing &quot;c&quot; with &quot;ш&quot; (шепелявость);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pronouncing &quot;тя&quot;, &quot;ме&quot; and etc. as &quot;тья&quot;, &quot;мье&quot; (excessive iotizing);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Saying &quot;и&quot; instead of &quot;ы&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In everyday communication, most of other issues sound sweet. If you go wrong with &quot;а&quot;, some people won't even notice, and the rest would think it's adorable. Furthermore, as lots of Russian think that Russian language is the most hard for learning, they will not blame you even for the issues listed above. Surely they would notice that you have an accent, but they would not think that you are low-educated or something like that.  They would rather feel themselves flattered, since you have spent so much time and efforts to study their language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, they won’t be so pleased if you do a grammar error. Obviously grammar error means that you have not spent so much time studying. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastEditorUserId="6588" LastEditDate="2016-03-24T07:27:19.480" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T07:27:19.480" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12146" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12150" CreationDate="2016-03-24T07:42:22.503" Score="3" ViewCount="262" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want to say there is only one unicorn in Moscow (just one in the whole city), you could use the expression &quot;одни на всю Москву&quot;. Or other examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;На всю Москву&lt;/strong&gt; всего лишь сотня белых слонов&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;По всей Москве&lt;/strong&gt; по пальцам можно пересчитать банкоматы в отделениях, при этом только один банкомат &lt;strong&gt;на всю Москву&lt;/strong&gt; работает круглосуточно (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.banki.ru/services/responses/bank/response/8614047/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think I can understand why this uses на instead of в Москве. But why does it use the accusative instead of prepositional? It describes a static situation, not motion into Moscow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, what is the difference in usage between &quot;по всей Москве&quot; and &quot;на всю Москву&quot;, which are used in the same sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6349" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-03-24T17:30:25.397" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T17:30:25.397" Title="Why accusative in &quot;на всю Москву&quot; ? And how different this is from &quot;по всей Москве&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12142" CreationDate="2016-03-24T08:10:15.387" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In fast speech I usually pronounce [ɐ] like [a]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess that's because your &quot;fast speech&quot; is not so fast, in fact. If you will ever talk Russian with the same tempo, as native speakers do, you will have to apply a vowel reduction extensively. Actually that's the only why we need a reduction at all - to be able to speak fast. And, maybe, you do reduce your speech sometimes, without even noticing - that's how we all do that, and that's perfectly OK too. So just learn &quot;better Russian&quot; and one day you'll get &quot;faster Russian&quot; for free.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T08:10:15.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12146" CreationDate="2016-03-24T08:20:43.980" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;На всю Москву&quot; means &quot;the whole of Moscow&quot;, whereas &quot;По всей Москве&quot; means &quot;all over Moscow&quot;. &quot;По всей Москве&quot; has a connotation of spreading by area, i.e. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;По всей Москве&lt;/strong&gt; всего лишь сотня белых слонов&quot; means that all elephants are distributed over area of Moscow town. And &quot;&lt;strong&gt;На всю Москву&lt;/strong&gt; всего лишь сотня белых слонов&quot; emphasizes to a quantity of elephants (&quot;Oh, there are only hundred of white elephants to the whole of Moscow&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also when we speak about one object, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;На всю Москву&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; will mean just &quot;There is only one object in Moscow&quot;, whereas &lt;strong&gt;&quot;По всей Москве&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; will mean &quot;The object is spread over Moscow&quot; (like a smoke, a fog, etc.) or something like &quot;The object can be found in various parts of Moscow&quot; (Слон бегает по всей Москве — The elephant is running all over the city).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6602" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T08:20:43.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12146" CreationDate="2016-03-24T10:03:42.910" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning на всю Москву can be explained as existential or as you called it &quot;static&quot;.Москва often refers to Moscow population or as an idiom &quot;a lot of people&quot;. The translation might be &quot;for the whole Moscow &quot;.(один на всю Москву,шум на всю Москву, известен на всю Москву и т.д.).По всей Москве means spreading around or moving around, at least doing something in different parts of Moscow. (Слух обо мне пройдет по всей Москве великой...А.С.Пушкин)&#xA;You can count terminals (moving)по всей Москве (though there's an idiom)but there's only one terminal (exists for the whole territory or population )на всю Москву which works twenty-four hours a day. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T10:03:42.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12146" CreationDate="2016-03-24T10:07:01.987" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;На&lt;/em&gt; here means &amp;quot;per, for&amp;quot;, as of a fraction denominator. It's used with accusative in this sense indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очень жаль, что на десять девчонок по статистике девять ребят // That's a shame that statistically there are nine boys for every ten girls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И, значит, нам нужна одна победа, одна на всех, мы за ценой не постоим // So then we need one victory, one for all, whatever the cost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;По всей Москве&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;all over Moscow&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This preposition is misused here, it would have been properly used if the author wanted to say there are plenty of ATM, so that there's always one close to you no matter where in Moscow you are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По всей Москве в отделениях есть банкоматы // There are ATM in the offices all over Moscow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I were to complain about the lack of the ATM, I'd use &lt;em&gt;во всей Москве&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T10:07:01.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12151" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12152" CreationDate="2016-03-24T13:51:57.913" Score="3" ViewCount="461" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would a native Russian speaker express &quot;&lt;strong&gt;She went to work.&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are my guesses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) &lt;strong&gt;Она ходила на работу.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;strong&gt;Она пошла на работу.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) &lt;strong&gt;Она ходила работать.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) &lt;strong&gt;Она пошла работать.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-04-03T05:48:29.413" Title="Translate &quot;She went to work&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12151" CreationDate="2016-03-24T14:19:47.170" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;em&gt;она пошла на работу&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, all your phrases are valid, they just mean different things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она ходила на работу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means &quot;she used to go to work&quot;, repeatedly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она пошла на работу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means &quot;she went to work&quot;, the one your were asking about. This could also mean &quot;she got employed&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она ходила работать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one is &quot;she used to go to do some work&quot;, again, repeatedly. This means that she was actually working (or intending to), not just come to her working place and report for duty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она пошла работать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;em&gt;might&lt;/em&gt; mean &quot;she went to do some work&quot;, the single action of one in #3, or &quot;she got employed&quot;, same as #2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T14:19:47.170" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12151" CreationDate="2016-03-24T14:58:53.510" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;You know, there is no single &quot;right&quot; translation witout a context. And for a good reason: any real-speech sentence may mean a few different things. So here we have two points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;went&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is in indefinite tense, which may denote either one-time action, or repeatable action - there's no exact Russian analogy, so we have to choose by (known) context only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, what a native English speaker may really mean by &quot;&lt;strong&gt;go to work&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;? There could be different subtle nuances here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, saying &quot;&lt;em&gt;Она пошла работать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; not necessarily means that &quot;she did go&quot; at all, but rather &quot;she is going to start working&quot;, and for that reason &quot;she did smth. (or even she's doing that just now)&quot;. But the latter does not always mean go/walk/run. It could also be that &quot;she stood up from her bed&quot;, or &quot;she got a new job&quot;, and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Она пошла на работу&lt;/em&gt;&quot; certainly means in Russian that she went to some distant workplace/office. So you (usually) can't say this if you really mean &quot;she went to the garden to work there&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This stuff is a true headache, and the only way to avoid it is to have some context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-03-24T14:58:53.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12154" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12155" CreationDate="2016-03-26T00:37:06.593" Score="6" ViewCount="195" Body="&lt;p&gt;In phrase &quot;The distance from Moscow to Kazan is 500 miles&quot; which word is the most appropriate for translating &quot;distance&quot; - &quot;расстояние&quot;, &quot;дистанция&quot;, &quot;дальность&quot;, or &quot;даль&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7018" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-03-26T01:25:08.250" LastActivityDate="2016-03-26T07:50:19.103" Title="&quot;Расстояние&quot;, &quot;дистанция&quot;, &quot;дальность&quot;, &quot;даль&quot; - which one to use" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12154" CreationDate="2016-03-26T01:23:57.730" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best is &quot;расстояние&quot;, in the majority of cases this is the most appropriate one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Дистанция&quot; is more of something related to measurements in sports and in military related terminology, for instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Спортсмен преодолел пол-дистанции очень бодро, но всё-таки уступил лидерство. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;С обеих сторон выпустили массу ракет с большой дистанции с нулевым результатом.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Дальность&quot; is mainly used with fixed small set of nouns, the main usage is &quot;дальность стрельбы&quot;, which is &quot;shooting range&quot; in English - and that actually gives pretty clean idea what is &quot;дальность&quot; - it's range. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Даль&quot; - it looks like you are relying on Google Translate, which indeed translates it as a distance. Well, it is, but only in phrases like &quot;всмотреться в даль&quot; - &quot;to peer into the distance&quot;. So, distance here is not a measurement of any kind, it is a concept of something that is remotely located. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-03-26T07:50:19.103" LastActivityDate="2016-03-26T07:50:19.103" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12154" CreationDate="2016-03-26T01:24:23.807" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Расстояние&quot;, most definitely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;дальность&quot; is range, and the term is most usually applied to the moving objects which can cover the range, less often to the static objects in range. In a latter case it will rather have specific military use - &quot;цель на дальности x&quot; - target at x distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;даль&quot; is a more abstract and poetic term, &quot;farness&quot;. Not used to represent a numerical value of the distance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;дистанция&quot; is mostly used in sports, maybe also some technical context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6494" LastActivityDate="2016-03-26T01:24:23.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12157" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12165" CreationDate="2016-03-26T14:33:14.507" Score="2" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;In America we say the fuel economy of car as miles/gallon (miles per gallon). I know in some countries people use Liter/100 km, Some countries use km/Liter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which format do Russian people use, L/100 km or km/L? (л / 100 км or км / л)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7018" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T04:56:35.767" Title="L/100 km or km/L (л/100 км or км/л) which is used in Russia?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2016-03-28T09:34:21.653" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12158" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12162" CreationDate="2016-03-26T15:02:07.503" Score="5" ViewCount="366" Body="&lt;p&gt;In questions like &quot;With whom did I go?&quot; where there is(are) a question word(s) and another part of the sentence could it be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;С кем я пошёл?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я пошёл с кем?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or could you say both or something else? I'm not sure which word order is more natural either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastEditorUserId="6816" LastEditDate="2016-03-26T22:37:45.390" LastActivityDate="2016-07-13T04:49:28.270" Title="Word order in questions" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12158" CreationDate="2016-03-26T15:27:24.990" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;С кем&quot; is a question word in both sentences. The meaning is the same in both sentences. Both sentences are acceptable. The second gives emphasis on the partner(question word). You can also use :Пошел я с кем? Я с кем пошел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-03-26T15:27:24.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12158" CreationDate="2016-03-26T17:39:16.117" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) The neutral and the most common word order is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;С кем я пошёл?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Я пошёл с кем?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; most likely will be used as rhetorical question, when the speaker doesn't really expect an answer from other people, but answers the question himself. &quot;С кем&quot; should be emphasized with intonation. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пошёл &lt;strong&gt;с кем&lt;/strong&gt;? С тобой, конечно!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Whom&lt;/strong&gt; did I go with? With you, of course!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вектор &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; направлен &lt;strong&gt;куда&lt;/strong&gt;? Правильно, перпендикулярно плоскости &lt;em&gt;XY&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Where&lt;/strong&gt; is the vector &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; directed? That's right, perpendicular to the plane &lt;em&gt;XY&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) &lt;strong&gt;Пошёл я с кем?&lt;/strong&gt; can be used to emphasize &quot;пошёл&quot;, typically when it is opposed to some other action. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я помню, что разговаривал с несколькими людьми, а &lt;strong&gt;пошёл&lt;/strong&gt; я с кем?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I remember that I talked to several people, but whom did I &lt;strong&gt;go&lt;/strong&gt; with?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Я с кем пошёл?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is similar to variant 2, it also emphasizes &quot;с кем&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2016-07-13T04:49:28.270" LastActivityDate="2016-07-13T04:49:28.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12163" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12164" CreationDate="2016-03-27T22:07:52.160" Score="1" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;Пожалуйста, помоги мне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Укажите предложение где менее трёх мягких согласных.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он купил тетрадь.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Девять часов.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Они жили рядом.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это мой день.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Химия - это наука.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Могу кататься на коньках.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Хочу посмотреть дом.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Увидишь эту девушку.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7027" LastActivityDate="2016-03-27T23:16:59.783" Title="Укажите предложение где менее трёх мягких согласных" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12163" CreationDate="2016-03-27T23:16:59.783" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;#6,  there's only one. A trick question to test whether you know that -ться is pronounced [цца].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-03-27T23:16:59.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12157" CreationDate="2016-03-28T04:56:35.767" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian people usually use L/100 km.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7029" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T04:56:35.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12166" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12167" CreationDate="2016-03-28T10:34:49.213" Score="4" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;In time expressions, I'm confused whether I'm looking at an adverb or a noun in instrumental case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;strong&gt;летом&lt;/strong&gt; can be an adverb meaning &lt;em&gt;in summer&lt;/em&gt;, or the instrumental case of &lt;strong&gt;лето&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;summer&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;strong&gt;вечером&lt;/strong&gt; can be an adverb meaning &lt;em&gt;in the evening&lt;/em&gt;, or the instrumental case of &lt;strong&gt;вечер&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;evening&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now take these two sentences: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Может быть, они приедут к нам &lt;strong&gt;летом&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Мы ждём гостей в субботу &lt;strong&gt;вечером&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the form of летом and вечером?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T15:44:26.670" Title="Adverb versus instrumental case in time expressions" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12166" CreationDate="2016-03-28T11:09:18.210" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those are adverbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try replacing the words with a question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Может быть, они приедут к нам &lt;em&gt;чем&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы ждём гостей в субботу &lt;em&gt;чем&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes no sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in a more complex example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Может быть, они приедут к нам &lt;em&gt;жарким летом&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, &lt;em&gt;жарким летом&lt;/em&gt; is an adverbial phrase (answering the question &lt;em&gt;когда?&lt;/em&gt;) which consists of a noun and an adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T15:44:26.670" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12166" CreationDate="2016-03-28T14:13:23.673" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As stated Quassnoi, those are adverbs, and question &quot;чем?&quot; makes no sense. No sense - today. This is by definition of adverbs. But how was adverbs appeared long time ago? There were some meaning words , which was stripped. This is implication. I attempt to reconstruct such words: For example. &#xA;Может быть, они приедут к нам тогда, когда пора года явится (чем?) летом.&#xA;Or: ... тогда, когда жизнь природы обернётся\воспринимается (чем?) летом.&#xA;Or: ... тогда, когда пора воспринимается (чем?) летом\вечером.&#xA;Thought, it is semanticly correct, but no one say it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry for my english.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7030" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T14:13:23.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12169" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-03-28T17:35:41.930" Score="2" ViewCount="1119" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нужна ли запятая в следующем предложении:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;С самого начала у меня была какая-то тактика, и я ее придерживался.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T18:08:12.523" Title="Нужна ли запятая в &quot;с самого начала у меня была какая-то тактика, и я ее придерживался&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12169" CreationDate="2016-03-28T17:39:40.190" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Уверен, что нужна.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Это предложение состоит из двух независимых частей (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Сложносочинённое предложение&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;тактика &lt;em&gt;(подлежащее)&lt;/em&gt; ... была &lt;em&gt;(сказуемое)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я &lt;em&gt;(подлежащее)&lt;/em&gt; ... придерживался &lt;em&gt;(сказуемое)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я в таких случаях использую следующее &quot;бытовое&quot; правило: если вместо запятой поставить точку, и в результате смысл не изменится, то запятая нужна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-03-28T17:50:42.340" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T17:50:42.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12169" CreationDate="2016-03-28T17:57:35.123" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Запятая перед &lt;em&gt;и,да(в значении «и»),или, либо&lt;/em&gt; не ставится,если части сложносочиненного предложения имеют общий второстепенный член или вводное слово (словосочетание). Здесь таковым является &lt;strong&gt;с самого начала&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С самого начала у меня была какая‐то тактика и я ее придерживался.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Розенталь Справочник по русскому языку.ХХУ11 §104.2а.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Несмотря на распространившиеся слухи, газеты обходили этот вопрос молчанием и мы продолжали ждать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-03-28T18:08:12.523" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T18:08:12.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12172" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12174" CreationDate="2016-03-28T18:21:33.677" Score="3" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word под has many meanings, some of which use accusative and some of which use instrumental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?bts=x&amp;amp;word=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Большой толковый словарь&lt;/a&gt;, we have:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I. 7.&lt;/strong&gt; Указывает на назначение предмета. &lt;em&gt;Банка под варенье. Бутылка под молоко. Склад под овощи. Отвести сарай под сено.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;II. 6.&lt;/strong&gt; Указывает на характер использования предмета. &lt;em&gt;Банка под вареньем. Поле под клевером. Склад под картофелем.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These seem very similar. What is the difference between using the accusative and the instrumental?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?bts=x&amp;amp;word=%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;из-под&lt;/a&gt; has a similar meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.&lt;/strong&gt; Указывает на прежнее назначение предмета, служившего вместилищем чего-л. &lt;em&gt;Бутылка из-под молока. Коробка из-под конфет. Банка из-под сметаны. Ящик из-под пива.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, this seems fairly similar. What is the difference between using под here and из-под?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6349" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T03:51:14.770" Title="1) банка под варенье vs. банка под вареньем 2) бутылка под молоко vs. бутылка из-под молока" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12172" CreationDate="2016-03-28T18:43:26.063" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Под + acc.&lt;/em&gt; means the intended content or purpose of something which is generally capable of storing something else or serving more than that purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Сейчас, накопив после дефолта деньги, часть людей вкладывает их в нежилые помещения ― под сдачу в аренду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Он уже приканчивал свои орехи, когда в ряду, отведенном под продажу орехов, фасоли, кукурузной муки, появился комсомольский патруль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;На участке, отведенном под картофель, в сторонке, поближе к сараю и бане, сажали тыкву.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Под + inst.&lt;/em&gt; is used exclusively of crops actually cultivated (as being intended to cultivate as in examples above) on a piece of land:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;За десять лет эти облоги разработаны, и в нынешнем году в поле было уже 40 десятин в культуре, из коих 27 десятин были под рожью и 13 под травами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Возможно, сельскохозяйственные земли не займут все участки водосбора, а часть их будет под лесом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's synonymous to English &amp;quot;under&amp;quot;, as in &amp;quot;under beet, under wheat&amp;quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Склад под картофелем&lt;/em&gt; and especially &lt;em&gt;банка под вареньем&lt;/em&gt; sound most unnatural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Из-под + gen.&lt;/em&gt;, of a container, means that that container was designed to (and used to) store something, but now is empty or stores something else:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Горшки из-под молока оставляли под цветущим шиповником.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Компоненты «адских машин» подсудимые доставляли в столицу из родной республики в мешках из-под сахара.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's same as English &amp;quot;milk carton, soda can&amp;quot; etc., where you can tell what was the container for just from the looks of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T18:56:31.653" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12172" CreationDate="2016-03-28T18:49:23.980" Score="5" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The first usage shows what is the object meant for. It means the jar hasn't been filled with jam yet, but we have such plans.It actually means &lt;em&gt;prepared for something&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Банка под варенье. Бутылка под молоко. Склад под овощи. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.The second point shows that the object is being used. The field is full of clover. The shed is full of hay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Поле под клевером. Сарай под сеном.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из-под shows the former usage of the object. It means that the jar is empty, but there was some jam some time ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бутылка из-под молока. Коробка из-под конфет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-03-28T19:40:30.793" LastActivityDate="2016-03-28T19:40:30.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12175" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12185" CreationDate="2016-03-28T21:53:58.323" Score="4" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;Multiple references classify каждый, другой, and иной, etc. as determinative pronouns (e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/aa030301a.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.study-languages-online.com/russian-determinative-pronouns.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, these words seem to function as typical adjectives as in: &lt;em&gt;Я читал каждую книгу.&lt;/em&gt; While they don't describe specific attributes of the noun being modified, they nonetheless seem to modify the noun rather than standing in for a noun as pronouns do.&#xA;I realize the distinction might be pedantic but I wonder if I'm missing something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6913" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T10:53:54.050" Title="Why are words such as каждый, другой, etc. classified as determinative pronouns?" Tags="&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12175" CreationDate="2016-03-29T00:23:25.793" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it's usually an adjective but sometimes can be used as a pronoun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Каждый can sometimes be used to mean каждый человек:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Каждый делает свой выбор&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Каждый должен знать свои права&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this is a rarer form, used mostly when you want to be very concise, for instance in proverbs and sayings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably the same is true for иной and другой, although it's harder to think of sample sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6349" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T00:23:25.793" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8037" CreationDate="2016-03-29T00:37:05.190" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Others have answered the question, but note there are some languages where the &quot;по-английски&quot; form doesn't really exist because the name of the language is not in adjectival form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;говорить на иврите (Hebrew = иврит)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;говорить на хинди (Hindi = хинди = indeclinable)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6349" LastEditorUserId="6349" LastEditDate="2016-03-29T19:30:45.320" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T19:30:45.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12178" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12181" CreationDate="2016-03-29T01:51:48.587" Score="6" ViewCount="958" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard words whose endings contain voiced consonants such as год (and others that I cannot remember off the top of my head), and these consonants are pronounced unvoiced (e.g., &quot;гот&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another letter I've heard is Б as П.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps this applies to all words/letters or most (&gt;¾)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry that I could not think of more than one example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-09-01T01:58:20.817" Title="Voiceless consonants at the end of words" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12179" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12184" CreationDate="2016-03-29T02:32:43.730" Score="6" ViewCount="738" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to find out what the word сафиръ means in this passage from an old textbook. I cannot find the word in any dictionary. I think it might mean &quot;ambassador&quot; but am not sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qhVvd.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qhVvd.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6759" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T06:46:28.200" Title="Meaning of the word сафир(ъ) in this passage?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12179" CreationDate="2016-03-29T02:49:10.013" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dictionaries say it's an alternative spelling of &lt;strong&gt;сапфир&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;sapphire&quot;, which makes no sense. On the other hand, &lt;strong&gt;safîr سفير&lt;/strong&gt;  means &quot;ambassador&quot; in Arabic, from the root S-F-R meaning &quot;travel&quot;, and it could be a term with a more specific meaning back in the day. I've never come across it in Russian, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T02:49:10.013" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12178" CreationDate="2016-03-29T03:14:34.857" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the picture every Russian learns in 1st grade (7 years old)&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2GvVJ.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2GvVJ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;This is the picture every Russian learns in 1st grade (7 years old)&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each consonant from the top row is pronunced unvoiced (substituted by letter from bottom row), if it's located at the end of closed syllable* (such as the consonant end of the word). We never say a voiced consonant in the word ending, and for children it's hard to write a word &quot;год&quot;, because it does sound &quot;гот&quot;. So we use another word form to check. For &quot;год&quot; it's &quot;годы&quot;. For &quot;гот&quot;, it's &quot;готы&quot;. In open syllable, there are no doubts, each consonant is written as it sounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some samples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://te.zavantag.com/tw_files2/urls_4/6/d-5436/5436_html_6b06cc3b.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://te.zavantag.com/tw_files2/urls_4/6/d-5436/5436_html_6b06cc3b.png&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://900igr.net/datas/russkij-jazyk/Bukvy-i-zvuki-russkogo-jazyka/0009-009-B-p-sugro-d-t-obe-g-k-utju-v-f-koroka-z-s-ukaka-zh-sh.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://900igr.net/datas/russkij-jazyk/Bukvy-i-zvuki-russkogo-jazyka/0009-009-B-p-sugro-d-t-obe-g-k-utju-v-f-koroka-z-s-ukaka-zh-sh.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, unvoicing consonants is so natural for Russians, that we have significant difficulties when learning to pronounce English &quot;dog&quot;, &quot;red&quot; and etc. &quot;Dok&quot; and &quot;ret&quot; is the default option, hard to overcome for the beginners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*Note: general &quot;end of closed syllable&quot; rule is good only for the beginners. Actually, not every closed syllable has the final consonant devoiced, if the next consonant is voiced there occurs no devoicing, like in &quot;годный&quot;, &quot;грабли&quot;, &quot;бодрый&quot;, etc. The devoicing doesn't always occur even at the end of the word, e.g. &quot;год и один месяц&quot; – here &quot;год&quot; is pronounced as &quot;год&quot;, not like &quot;гот&quot;, the rule is: the devoicing occurs before a pause or before a voiceless consonant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastEditorUserId="6588" LastEditDate="2016-03-29T10:49:10.950" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T10:49:10.950" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12175" CreationDate="2016-03-29T03:48:37.713" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no such thing as &quot;typical pronoun&quot;. Standing for noun is the most common pronoun function, but full list of functions is pretty huge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5#.D0.92.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B5_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5#.D0.92.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B5_.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, Reciprocal pronoun is nothing like noun. It's more like preposition. And yes, determinative pronouns are grammatically similar to adjectives in Russian, the difference is in semantics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T03:48:37.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12179" CreationDate="2016-03-29T04:05:06.967" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;САФИР Мориц Готлиб (Moritz Gottlieb Saphir, 1795-1858) - немецкий юморист и журналист. Впервые обратил на себя внимание сборником стихов «Poetische Erstlinge» (1821). Издавал театральные и юмористические журналы, пользовавшиеся большим успехом. В Берлине издан был против С. памфлет, на к-рый он ответил брошюрой, выдержавшей 4 издания за неделю: «Der getodtete und dennoch lebende Saphir» (Убитый, но тем не менее живой Сафир, 1828). Литературная производительность С. весьма велика. В 1884 было издано собрание его избранных сочинений в 12тт., в 1890 - сочинения в 26тт. Наибольшим успехом пользовались «Fliegendes Album fur Ernst, Scherz, Humor...» (Летучий альбом серьезного, шуток, юмора и жизнерадостности, 1846), «Conversations-Lexikon fur Geistwitz und Humor» Словарь остроумия и юмора, 1851-1852, 2 Aufl., 1860, 3 Aufl., 1893), а также «Humoristische Abende» (Юмористические вечера, 1830), «Dumme Briefe» (Глупые письма, 1834) и др.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-03-29T06:46:28.200" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T06:46:28.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12185" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12175" CreationDate="2016-03-29T07:50:23.547" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adjectives are  describing  words which give more information about the object. The determinative adjectives point to the reference of the noun in the context not describing its quality.&#xA;The determinative adjectives (определительные местоимения) are&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;каждый, весь, всякий, сам, самый, любой, иной, другой&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я хожу в школу &lt;strong&gt;каждый&lt;/strong&gt; день. Приходи в &lt;strong&gt;любой&lt;/strong&gt; день. &lt;strong&gt;Иные&lt;/strong&gt; берега манят нас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same words can serve as determinative pronouns. They are not followed by objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Каждый&lt;/strong&gt; знает, что &lt;strong&gt;всякое&lt;/strong&gt; может случиться в походе. Быть может, это все пустое, обман неопытной души, а суждено совсем &lt;strong&gt;иное&lt;/strong&gt;( А.Пушкин).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T07:50:23.547" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12151" CreationDate="2016-03-29T08:31:11.657" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just for fun, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;She went to work.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; can also have a completely different idiomatic use, something along the lines of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она приступила к делу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7035" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T08:31:11.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12187" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12077" CreationDate="2016-03-29T09:26:03.260" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;you will not allow life to get muffed up&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would add that it's more specifically &quot;won't let &lt;em&gt;me&lt;/em&gt; mess up my life&quot; (don't know if that's obvious from the other explanations).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The less formal meaning of комкать is to do something carelessly, or in a sloppy way, and can also mean to abridge/shorten. So, &quot;throw away&quot; may be a reasonable translation, but that's taking a lot of liberties, of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7035" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T09:26:03.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12092" CreationDate="2016-03-29T09:39:50.450" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also the somewhat more flowery &lt;strong&gt;питать ненависть&lt;/strong&gt;. Literally to &quot;feed&quot; or &quot;nourish&quot;, here meaning &quot;harbor&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7035" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T09:39:50.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12175" CreationDate="2016-03-29T10:53:54.050" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The root of confusion lies in the fact that the two words, 'pronoun' and 'местоимение', although usually deemed translations of each other, have different meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pro&lt;em&gt;noun&lt;/em&gt; literally means 'instead of a &lt;em&gt;noun&lt;/em&gt;'. Pronouns substitute nouns (or noun phrases).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Место&lt;em&gt;имени&lt;/em&gt;е means 'вместо &lt;em&gt;имени&lt;/em&gt;'. Now, there are several parts of speech called &lt;em&gt;имя&lt;/em&gt;: имя существительное (noun), имя прилагательное (adjective), имя числительное (numeral). For every of these parts of speech there's a class of местоимения which may serve as a placeholder (and actually for adverbs as well).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2284" LastActivityDate="2016-03-29T10:53:54.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12190" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12191" CreationDate="2016-03-30T01:42:02.187" Score="4" ViewCount="113" Body="&lt;p&gt;If an adjective precedes multiple nouns of different number/gender but describes all of them, which form of the adjective should be used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or must an adjective be repeated when describing the nouns to avoid misunderstandings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-03-30T04:51:34.860" Title="Adjectives preceding multiple nouns" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12190" CreationDate="2016-03-30T03:10:38.107" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Любимые мальчик и девочка&quot; = both are beloved. Correct, but rare form, because it's easy to mess it with 2.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Любимый мальчик и девочка&quot; = only the boy is beloved. Rough implication that the girl is not beloved. This form is often used for jokes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Любимый мальчик и любимая девочка&quot; = both are beloved. Correct and most common form in collocation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Мои любимые: мальчик и девочка&quot;, &quot;мальчик и девочка, которых я люблю&quot;, &quot;любимые дети&quot; and etc. are common in books, since 3 seems excessive on writing.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Misunderstanding when number/gender is equal is a known issue. Speakers try to aviod it. The most famious disambiguation is &quot;Письма знакомой из Киева не заменят фотографии его любимой и милой дочери Марии&quot;. In &quot;фотографии его любимой  и милой дочери Марии&quot; following meanings are possible:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Photo of his beloved person, and sweet daugther Maria.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Photo of his beloved and sweet person, and daugther Maria.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Photo of his beloved and sweet daugther, and Maria.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Photo of his beloved and sweet daugther Maria.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And lots of other meanings. They say, it's more than 1000 meanings possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastEditorUserId="6588" LastEditDate="2016-03-30T04:51:34.860" LastActivityDate="2016-03-30T04:51:34.860" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12192" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12195" CreationDate="2016-03-30T10:13:56.553" Score="13" ViewCount="564" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just encountered &lt;strong&gt;аж&lt;/strong&gt;, which apparently means &lt;em&gt;even&lt;/em&gt;. Any difference between this word and &lt;strong&gt;даже&lt;/strong&gt;, or can I substitute one for the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T00:31:59.400" Title="Difference between &quot;даже&quot; and &quot;аж&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12192" CreationDate="2016-03-30T10:43:49.950" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally yes, but in some cases not. &#xA;You cannot substitute &lt;em&gt;аж&lt;/em&gt; with &lt;em&gt;даже&lt;/em&gt; in sentences like &lt;em&gt;Он пробежал аж три километра&lt;/em&gt; (He ran /as much as/a whole three kilometers).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-04-02T12:05:55.470" LastActivityDate="2016-04-02T12:05:55.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12192" CreationDate="2016-03-30T10:44:23.267" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can almost always subsitute &quot;аж&quot;, &quot;ажно&quot; for &quot;даже&quot;, but not the other way around. &quot;Аж&quot; is a colloquial or expressive word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Шёл семнадцатый день лета. Мы от радости аж печку затопили&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Даже&quot; is good both for formal and informal use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Растение без своих грибных симбионтов развивается плохо, медленно, легко подвергается заболеваниям и даже может погибнуть.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-06-20T00:31:59.400" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T00:31:59.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12192" CreationDate="2016-03-30T10:48:40.653" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Аж&lt;/em&gt; is indeed etymologically connected to &lt;em&gt;даже&lt;/em&gt;, however has nuances in usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When used with measurable quantities it means &amp;quot;no less than&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;as many as&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;whole&amp;quot; etc., mostly ironically:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бильярдов теперь на этом вокзале аж три. // Now, there are no less than three pool tables on this station.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Живут же раки, говорят, аж до двадцати лет // Crayfish, they say, sometimes make it to as many as twenty years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When used in dependent clauses, it means &amp;quot;(so that) even&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лучше не бывает. Людка увидела и аж села. // It couldn't get any better. Lyudka saw it and (was so astonished that) even had to sit down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А ты приехал, Илья Муромец… Испугались они тебя, аж трясутся // And here you come, Ilya Muromets! Oh yeah, they are so afraid of you they even get tremors&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-03-30T10:56:39.090" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12196" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12197" CreationDate="2016-03-30T18:52:11.287" Score="7" ViewCount="214" Body="&lt;p&gt;Right now I'm learning about constructions of occurences and I have a quesitions about some fact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's assume someone asks you if you could help him. And he says the following (excerpt from the course):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если, конечно, ты располагаешь свободным временем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, is &lt;strong&gt;располагаешь&lt;/strong&gt; mandatory here or can I, for example, also form the following?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если у тебя есть свободное время. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;располагать&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;to have&lt;/code&gt; and for me it is the same as &lt;code&gt;у xxx есть&lt;/code&gt;. I know I must use this &lt;code&gt;располагать&lt;/code&gt; because the course says so, but concurrently I often here people say &lt;code&gt;У меня нет времени сейчас.&lt;/code&gt; So why do they not use: &lt;code&gt;Я не располагаю временем сейчас.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Appreciating your response!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6381" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-03-31T08:03:01.747" LastActivityDate="2016-03-31T10:01:18.897" Title="&quot;To have free time&quot; - is &quot;располагать&quot; mandatory?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12196" CreationDate="2016-03-30T19:34:35.563" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Располагать + inst.&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;to have something at one's disposal&quot;. The Russian word itself is an apparent calque of Latin &lt;em&gt;disponere&lt;/em&gt; or one of its descendants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's usually said when you don't actually own the thing (time, resources etc.), but it's available for you to use at your convenience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in most if not all cases it can be freely replaced by &lt;em&gt;иметь&lt;/em&gt;, either in this very form or as a proximal possession clause. It's just a matter of style, &lt;em&gt;располагать&lt;/em&gt; is officialese.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ты располагаешь свободным временем&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;у тебя есть свободное время&lt;/em&gt; are synonyms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-03-31T08:25:19.880" LastActivityDate="2016-03-31T08:25:19.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12196" CreationDate="2016-03-31T10:01:18.897" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So why do they not use: Я не располагаю временем сейчас&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although this sentence is &quot;a right one&quot;, but it sounds like a quote from a hundred-years-old book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;can I, for example, also form the following? Если у тебя есть свободное время.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, you can. Although I should add that on many occasions people don't even care mentioning &quot;free time&quot;. So quite often just saying: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Если [тебе] не трудно&lt;/em&gt;, ...&quot; or &quot;&lt;em&gt;Если [Вас] не затруднит&lt;/em&gt;,...&quot; is sufficient. On the other hand, &quot;&lt;em&gt;У тебя есть свободное время&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is rather a question on its own, than a conditional clause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I.e. you ask if a person has free time first, and then ask if he/she could do you a favour. But if you try to say all in a single sentence, kind of &quot;please, could you do me a favour, but only if you have free time, of course&quot;, then it's usually more natural to say &quot;если не трудно&quot; or something like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-03-31T10:01:18.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12199" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6770" CreationDate="2016-03-31T20:23:09.333" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is actually a subject of &quot;holy wars&quot; between Russians.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some people insist that using &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; must be mandatory, because replacing it by &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; can change the meaning of a sentence. The most famous example: &lt;code&gt;Завтра Петербург, наконец, передохнёт от жары&lt;/code&gt;. This is also quite important in books for children who are just learning to read: they get really confused seeing a word like &quot;&lt;code&gt;еж&lt;/code&gt;&quot; instead of &quot;&lt;code&gt;ёж&lt;/code&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Others argue that the meaning almost always is clear from the context, and the difference does not worth using diacritic sign.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Officially it is completely legal to replace &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; by &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; (which makes me very sad). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7053" LastActivityDate="2016-03-31T20:23:09.333" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12203" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12204" CreationDate="2016-04-02T00:01:02.370" Score="3" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the genitive case plural (Родительный падеж множественного числа) for &lt;strong&gt;ПОВОД&lt;/strong&gt; (случай)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6833" LastEditorUserId="6833" LastEditDate="2016-04-02T00:06:29.400" LastActivityDate="2016-04-04T03:54:25.430" Title="Поводов или поводьев?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12203" CreationDate="2016-04-02T00:12:43.047" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;strong&gt;поводов&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Поводьев&lt;/strong&gt; is the genitive of a pluralia tantum (=no singular, like &quot;scissors&quot;) noun &lt;strong&gt;поводья&lt;/strong&gt;, meaning &quot;reins&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: People have pointed out in the comments that &lt;strong&gt;поводья&lt;/strong&gt; does get used in the singular, and I stand corrected. It's rather a case of having two plurals according to the meaning, as with &lt;strong&gt;лист&lt;/strong&gt; =&gt; &lt;strong&gt;листы&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;sheets&quot; or &lt;strong&gt;листья&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;leaves&quot;. In my defense, &lt;strong&gt;поводов&lt;/strong&gt; is likely the only form you're ever going to need to remember, and when you do come across the word in its &quot;horse&quot; sense it's likely to already be in the &lt;strong&gt;-ья&lt;/strong&gt; plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2016-04-04T03:54:25.430" LastActivityDate="2016-04-04T03:54:25.430" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12203" CreationDate="2016-04-02T11:46:13.170" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are different meanings of the word-- &lt;em&gt;one of the reins&quot;,a long, narrow strap attached at one end to a horse’s bit, typically used in pairs to guide or check a horse in riding or driving&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;a cause,a reason&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ПО́ВОД, -а, предл. о по́воде, в поводу́; мн. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пово́дья, поводьев&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; м. Ремень, прикреплённый к удилам и служащий для управления лошадью. Вести лошадь за поводья. Натянуть поводья. Держать лошадь на поводу.&#xA;◊ Идти (быть) на поводу́ у кого. Действовать по чьей-л. указке, не самостоятельно, быть зависимым в своих поступках от кого-л. Ты у него на поводу! Идти на поводу общественного мнения.&#xA;◁ Поводок; Поводковый; Поводочный (см.).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ПО́ВОД, -а; мн. &lt;strong&gt;по́воды-поводов&lt;/strong&gt;; м. Случай, обстоятельство, факт, могущие быть основанием для чего-л., причиной чего-л.; предлог (1.П.). П. для ссоры. П. для серьёзного разговора. П. поругаться, помириться. Найти п. к сближению. Искать п. высказаться. Спорить по всякому (любому) поводу, без повода. Дать (подать) п. кому-л., чему-л. (дать основание, возможность поступать каким-л. образом).&#xA;◁ По по́воду кого-чего. в зн. предлога. 1. Относительно кого-, чего-л. Решение по поводу премьерного фильма. Высказаться по поводу результатов голосования. -2. По причине, из-за чего-л., вследствие чего-л. Волноваться по поводу задержки поезда.&#xA;Большой толковый словарь русского языка. - 1-е изд-е: СПб.: Норинт С. А. Кузнецов. 1998&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-04-02T11:51:43.573" LastActivityDate="2016-04-02T11:51:43.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12151" CreationDate="2016-04-03T05:48:29.413" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Она ушла на работу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reverse translation is 'she left for work'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5622" LastActivityDate="2016-04-03T05:48:29.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12209" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12211" CreationDate="2016-04-03T17:54:34.140" Score="5" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a very simple clause such as &quot;I am an actor,&quot; would 'actor' be in the accusative or does the accusative require an actual verb to be present?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if it is in the accusative, could one write &quot;Мы — актёров&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-04-03T19:04:40.253" Title="Accusative in descriptions/occupations" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12209" CreationDate="2016-04-03T18:11:15.823" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &quot;Я - актёр.&quot; sentense &quot;актёр&quot; is in nominative case. So, in plural it will be &quot;Мы - актёры&quot;. If there is a verb, for example, &quot;являться&quot;, than you need instrumental case, i.e. &quot;Я являюсь актёром&quot; and &quot;Мы являемся актёрами&quot;. Accusative is not used for this kind of sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastActivityDate="2016-04-03T18:11:15.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12209" CreationDate="2016-04-03T19:04:40.253" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apart from following a preposition that governs the Accusative case (like &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;за&lt;/em&gt;, etc. when they mean direction), the Accusative case nouns can only be used as direct objects to a &lt;em&gt;transitive&lt;/em&gt; verb. Since &quot;to be&quot;, &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt;, is not a transitive verb, it cannot have any direct objects, nothing in the Accusative case can follow it, in the Present tense the verb &quot;to be&quot;, &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt;, is omitted in Russian, and the predicate is in the Nominative case. On the other hand, if &quot;to be&quot;, &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt;, is used in the Past or Future tense, what follows it must be in the Instrumental case, that is why:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Present:&lt;/strong&gt; Я – актёр. (Nominative) - 'I am an actor.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Past:&lt;/strong&gt; Я был актёром. (Instrumental) - 'I was an actor.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Future:&lt;/strong&gt; Я буду актёром. (Instrumental) - 'I will be an actor.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-04-03T19:04:40.253" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12212" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12218" CreationDate="2016-04-04T08:49:49.330" Score="8" ViewCount="3901" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been trying to find the stroke order (the order in which components of a character are written, and in which direction your pen goes) (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_order&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt;, but only about Chinese characters) for Cyrillic, but I haven't yet found one. The only non-video image I've found so far is &lt;a href=&quot;http://typedrawers.com/discussion/433/pointed-pen-calligraphy-guides&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://typedrawers.com/discussion/433/pointed-pen-calligraphy-guides&lt;/a&gt; , but I don't know whether to rely upon it, as it's talking about calligraphy, rather than everyday writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does Cyrillic have a stroke order? (Maybe it doesn't - I assume that because even hiragana and katakana in Japanese has a stroke order, then Cyrillic also has a stroke order) If so, what is the stroke order for Cyrillic?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ideally, I'd also like to know the stroke order of Үү and Өө, but that's a fairly minor matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5423" LastActivityDate="2017-02-10T00:27:01.583" Title="What is the stroke order for Cyrillic?" Tags="&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12213" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12220" CreationDate="2016-04-04T09:01:57.910" Score="9" ViewCount="361" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to The New Penguin Russian Course (page 216):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In informal Russian по- &quot;a little&quot; is often added to the&#xA;  comparative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;побыстрее &quot;a bit faster&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;поменьше &quot;a little less&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now take this sentence: &lt;strong&gt;Тебе следует есть побольше фруктов и овощей.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google translates it as: &lt;strong&gt;You should eat more fruits and vegetables.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yandex translates it as: &lt;strong&gt;You ought to eat more fruits and vegetables.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is it &lt;strong&gt;more&lt;/strong&gt; and not &lt;strong&gt;a little more&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More generally, how can I know when &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; in front of comparative means &lt;strong&gt;a little&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-04-06T09:09:27.210" Title="When does &quot;по&quot; in front of comparative mean &quot;a little&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="3020" CreationDate="2016-04-04T09:26:19.213" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I ба́ю&#xA;ба́ять, ба́ить &quot;говорить&quot;, укр. ба́яти &quot;рассказывать&quot;, русск.-цслав. баю, баяти &quot;рассказывать, заговаривать, лечить&quot;, болг. ба́я &quot;колдую&quot;, сербохорв. ба̏jати &quot;колдовать&quot;, словен. bájati &quot;болтать, говорить, заклинать&quot;, чеш. bájiti &quot;говорить, болтать&quot;, польск. bajać &quot;болтать&quot;, в.-луж. bać – то же, н.-луж. bajaś.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Исконнородственно греч. φημί, дор. φαμί &quot;говорю&quot;, φήμη, дор. φά̄μΒ̄ &quot;голос, молва&quot;, φωνή &quot;голос&quot;, лат. fāri &quot;говорить&quot;, fābula &quot;речь, рассказ&quot;, др.-исл. bón, bǿn, арм. ban &quot;слово, речь&quot; и т. д.; см. Бернекер 1, 39; Хюбшман 428. Сюда не относится лит. bóju, bóti &quot;обращать внимание&quot; – переразложение лит. atbóti, dabóti &quot;обращать внимание, заботиться&quot;, которое заимств. из польск. dbać; см. Лескин, Bildung 457; Остен-Сакен, IF 33, 206 и сл. Дальнейшее см. выше, на ба́сня.&#xA;(Ср. еще сев.-фризск. bālen &quot;говорить&quot;; см. Хольтхаузен, PBB 48, стр. 460. – Т.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;II ба́ю&#xA;ба́юшки, ба́ю, отсюда (у)баю́кать. По мнению Брандта (РФВ 18, 27), это выражение связано с ба́ю &quot;говорю&quot;. Ср., однако, бай-бай.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7075" LastActivityDate="2016-04-04T09:26:19.213" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12213" CreationDate="2016-04-04T09:43:51.180" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;побольше&quot; is more polite than &quot;больше&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ешь больше овощей&quot; sounds like a command, if not coming from your doctor or loving granny it's a bit offensive.&#xA;But &quot;Ешь побольше овощей&quot; sounds like genuine caring about somebody while leaving the extent of diet adjustment up to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why it does not mean &quot;a little&quot;? Just as in English, &quot;You ought to eat a bit more fruits and vegetables&quot; does not make mounds of sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2016-04-04T09:43:51.180" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12212" CreationDate="2016-04-04T09:45:45.410" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only thing I know from top of my head that you should be able to write most words in full without ever taking pen off paper. Maybe adding some diacritics later. So, there's only one stroke. Start from the first letter, end with the last letter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We're talking about cursive, aren't we?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="310" LastEditDate="2016-04-04T09:57:31.177" LastActivityDate="2016-04-04T09:57:31.177" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12213" CreationDate="2016-04-04T09:51:51.117" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually &lt;strong&gt;по-&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't literally mean &lt;strong&gt;a little&lt;/strong&gt;. This makes comparatives sound more informal and it 'weakens' the usual measure of a comparative you use with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You really can translate &lt;strong&gt;Тебе следует есть побольше фруктов и овощей&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA; as &lt;strong&gt;You ought to eat a bit more fruits and vegetables&lt;/strong&gt;. But only the author of the phrase can say if he/she wanted to weaken the pressure of the advice to make it sound less categorical or it just means the same as &lt;strong&gt;You ought to eat more fruits and vegetables&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6865" LastActivityDate="2016-04-04T09:51:51.117" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12212" CreationDate="2016-04-04T10:48:55.843" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is the classic one. I used to do it in my 1st grade. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://xn----gtbdmbeft1bdk.net/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8/40/415/&quot;&gt;http://xn----gtbdmbeft1bdk.net/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8/40/415/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though this one does not contain old Cyrillic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-04-04T10:48:55.843" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12212" CreationDate="2016-04-04T13:10:33.737" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want an analogy with Chinese characters, the stroke order in Russian handwriting appears to 'follow' just 2 rules for lower-case letters (if divisible into strokes, like у, и): '&lt;em&gt;from left to right&lt;/em&gt;' and '&lt;em&gt;dots last&lt;/em&gt;' (й or ё)'. Unlike with Chinese characters, there's no other stroke order rule like 'from top to bottom', 'outside before inside', etc. Some capital letters (Г, Т, Р) though, have an upper element which doesn't follow strict writing order; I personally would write it as the second stroke in those letters (if it were a Chinese character, that upper element would be strictly the first stroke; same with dots like those over й and ё). Also, in Russian no one will ever write in two strokes the digit &quot;1&quot; (just as one stroke written from left to right), while the similar Chinese radical is written as down-left stroke, then vertical stroke (pie+shu).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-04-04T13:10:33.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12213" CreationDate="2016-04-04T18:31:20.740" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian distinguishes between true comparatives with &lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt; (attenuative forms) and positive forms disguised as comparatives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Овощей нужно есть побольше обычного // You should be eating a bit more vegetables than you usually do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Эта штука посильнее, чем &amp;quot;Фауст&amp;quot; Гёте. Любовь побеждает смерть. // This piece must be more intense than Goethe's &amp;quot;Faust&amp;quot;. Love triumphs over death.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, the comparative adjectives are attenuatives, which would be have been similar to English forms with &amp;quot;-ish&amp;quot;, like &amp;quot;red / reddish&amp;quot; etc., if those worked with comparative forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It sounds really weird with used with &lt;em&gt;намного&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;much&amp;quot;) but works perfectly with &lt;em&gt;немного&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;a little&amp;quot;), just the same way &amp;quot;it's very bluish&amp;quot; is weird but &amp;quot;it's a little bluish&amp;quot; is OK in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's not always &amp;quot;a little&amp;quot;, it could just as well mean &amp;quot;seems like&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;to some extent&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;kinda&amp;quot; etc., when you doubt the degree or validity of the comparison or that you're applying the right adjective at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Тебе нужно есть овощи, да побольше // You should eat vegetables, lots of them, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Возьми бинокль посильнее, Иван, и проводи меня наверх. // Ivan, take binoculars, the powerful ones, too, and walk me upstairs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The comparative adjectives here are in fact positive forms, with emphasis on the property mentioned (&amp;quot;really a lot&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;really powerful&amp;quot; etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-04-04T18:37:09.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12213" CreationDate="2016-04-05T13:47:03.933" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's compare two sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тебе следует есть &lt;strong&gt;больше&lt;/strong&gt; фруктов и овощей.You should eat more fruit and vegetables.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тебе следует есть &lt;strong&gt;побольше&lt;/strong&gt; фруктов и овощей.You should eat a little bit more fruit and vegetables.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second sentence shows that the amount of useful food should be slightly increased.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;And that is valid when we have a comparative degree of adverbs or adjectives meaning &amp;quot; slight increasing of quality &amp;quot;(побольше,посильнее,помягче,поярче ).I am afraid machine translating can't take into consideration such shades of meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The source is Ожегов Толковый словарь русского языка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-04-06T09:09:27.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12222" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12224" CreationDate="2016-04-07T00:35:07.203" Score="10" ViewCount="967" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have not seen оно many times when reading Russian, but it seems like это is used in its place a lot. Does оно serve a separate purpose? Because it does mean &quot;it&quot; and it seems as though it is seldom used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-04-08T04:36:19.473" Title="Reason for infrequent usage of оно" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11350" CreationDate="2016-04-07T00:43:14.200" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another example of Russian noun, corresponding to the English word &quot;fun&quot;, is &quot;развлечение&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7082" LastActivityDate="2016-04-07T00:43:14.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12222" CreationDate="2016-04-07T03:13:11.170" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) The words &quot;он&quot;, &quot;она&quot; and &quot;оно&quot; are commonly used for referring to animate objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) The words &quot;этот&quot;, &quot;эта&quot;, &quot;это&quot; are commonly used for referring to inanimate objects. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are not so many neuter animate objects in the world around us. Even if biologically they are neuter, grammatically they are &quot;masculine&quot; or &quot;feminine&quot;, such as &quot;гермафродит&quot; (&quot;hermaphrodite&quot;) or &quot;бактерия&quot; (&quot;bacteria&quot;). Which is why &quot;оно&quot; is not that common. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, 1) and 2) are not rules. This is just a common way of speaking. &quot;Это&quot; is a pointer and can be used for everything, for example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Что это такое?&quot; - &quot;Это моё домашнее животное&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Оно&quot; can substitute any neuter gender noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Что это полотенце здесь делает?&quot; - &quot;Оно висит&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-04-07T20:26:47.387" LastActivityDate="2016-04-07T20:26:47.387" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12225" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12222" CreationDate="2016-04-07T07:22:33.137" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Probably, an important reason is that unlike '&lt;strong&gt;it&lt;/strong&gt;',  &lt;strong&gt;оно&lt;/strong&gt; can only refer to a &lt;em&gt;noun&lt;/em&gt; (maybe with an adjective, etc.) and never to a whole &lt;em&gt;extended expression&lt;/em&gt;, where &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; is used instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'll buy you a diamond ring my friend if &lt;strong&gt;it&lt;/strong&gt; makes you feel alright.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'&lt;strong&gt;It&lt;/strong&gt;' can refer to both &lt;em&gt;the fact of buying&lt;/em&gt; a ring and to that &lt;em&gt;ring itself&lt;/em&gt;. In Russian, if you want to emphasize the fact of buying, you'd use &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; rather than &lt;strong&gt;оно&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Куплю тебе кольцо с бриллиантом, если тебя &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; [то, что я куплю тебе&#xA;  кольцо] порадует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in case that ring is explicitly referred to оно would be used instead:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Куплю тебе кольцо с бриллиантом, если &lt;strong&gt;оно&lt;/strong&gt; [кольцо, которое у тебя&#xA;  появится] тебя порадует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;strong&gt;it&lt;/strong&gt; could partly explain why &lt;strong&gt;оно&lt;/strong&gt; is used not as often as '&lt;strong&gt;it&lt;/strong&gt;'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-04-07T07:22:33.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12222" CreationDate="2016-04-07T08:56:42.530" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Оно&lt;/strong&gt; (его,ему,его,им,о нём) is a personal pronoun, third person, singular, neuter (ОНО́).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.Whereas &lt;em&gt;it&lt;/em&gt; is used to denote animals and things in English, &lt;em&gt;оно&lt;/em&gt; is used for &lt;strong&gt;any noun&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;strong&gt;the neuter,singular&lt;/strong&gt; (things, animals like &lt;em&gt;животное,насекомоe&lt;/em&gt;, people like &lt;em&gt;лицо&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;animate and inanimate&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я поискал &lt;strong&gt;письмо&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Оно&lt;/strong&gt; лежало на столе.(I looked for the letter.It was lying on the table).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.Оно can be used like &lt;em&gt;&quot;dummy&quot; it&lt;/em&gt; in fiction  but in spoken Russian we either leave it out or say &lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt; instead. My favourite example from Gogol:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Оно конечно, Александр Македонский герой, но зачем же стулья ломать?(Гоголь).(It is obvious that Alexander Makedonsky is a hero but there's no reason to destroy furniture because of that.) Так оно и вышло. (And so it happened ) Вот оно что! (That's it!) Оно и видно.(That's clear) Оно и лучше.(It would be better like that). Оно хорошо бы, да нельзя.(It would be nice but it's impossible (prohibited).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also an idiom &lt;em&gt;То-то и оно&lt;/em&gt; meaning the result of a deduction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот то-то и оно, выходит, что с баронами фашисты заодно. Демьян Бедный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's still difficulty for students to determine the gender of a noun in Russian. &#xA; Russian nouns have three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter (neutral). Some nouns like &lt;em&gt;father&lt;/em&gt; refer to physical gender. When we speak of other objects like &lt;em&gt;pen&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;cup&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;house&lt;/em&gt;, there is no physical meaning attached to the gender. However you still have to know the gender. In Russian it is almost always possible to tell the gender of a noun by its spelling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is how you can tell what the gender is from the dictionary form of the noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Look at the last letter of the word:&#xA;  1. If it is a consonant, or “й”, the word is masculine.&#xA;  2. If it is “а” or “я” it is feminine.&#xA;  3. &lt;em&gt;If it is “о” or “е” it is neuter&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  4. If it is a soft sign “ь” then it could be either masculine or feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кофе - (Coffee) - Is Masculine(exception)&#xA;Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Masculine : паспорт (passport), документ (document),Хлеб (bread).&#xA;  Feminine : газета (newspaper), Россия (Russia)&#xA;  Neuter : здание (building), радио (radio), письмо (letter) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-04-08T04:36:19.473" LastActivityDate="2016-04-08T04:36:19.473" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12227" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12233" CreationDate="2016-04-07T09:49:42.110" Score="4" ViewCount="3127" Body="&lt;p&gt;There seems to be many variants of &lt;strong&gt;the same&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;один и тот же&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;этот же&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;такой же&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What rules govern the use of these?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in the following sentences, how do I know which variant to use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Why do you wear &lt;strong&gt;the same&lt;/strong&gt; clothes everyday?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) &quot;Where should we meet?&quot; &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Same&lt;/strong&gt; place as last time.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) I go to &lt;strong&gt;the same&lt;/strong&gt; university as him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-04-07T15:41:01.843" Title="How to express &quot;the same&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12227" CreationDate="2016-04-07T10:33:46.543" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would rather say, that in English many different meanings are expressed with &quot;the same&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1) Why do you wear the same clothes everyday?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you describe one set of clothing. Answer to question &quot;какую [одежду]?&quot; is &quot;одинаковую&quot;, &quot;одну и ту же&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почему ты носишь каждый день одно и то же? &lt;em&gt;(одну и ту же одежду, одинаковую одежду).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3IB9C.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://i.stack.imgur.com/3IB9C.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Квадраты А и В одного и того же &lt;em&gt;(одинакового)&lt;/em&gt; цвета? Я думала, они разные.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2) &quot;Where should we meet?&quot; &quot;Same place as last time.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answer to question &quot;где?&quot; is &quot;там&quot; or &quot;в [описание] месте&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Где встретимся? Там же, где в прошлый раз? &lt;em&gt;(В том же месте, что и [в] прошлый раз?).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3) I go to the same university as him.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answer to question &quot;какой [университет]?&quot; is &quot;тот же&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы с ним ходим в один [и тот же] университет. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastEditorUserId="6588" LastEditDate="2016-04-07T11:04:35.570" LastActivityDate="2016-04-07T11:04:35.570" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11350" CreationDate="2016-04-07T11:01:05.237" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also забава, which can be translated as &quot;amusement&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The expression для забавы can be used to mean (to do something) &quot;for fun&quot;, &quot;for sport&quot;, &quot;for amusement&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6349" LastActivityDate="2016-04-07T11:01:05.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12192" CreationDate="2016-04-07T11:06:51.500" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say &quot;аж&quot; more emotionaly bus is sort of &quot;villeage- talk&quot;, colloquial or impolitely&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7084" LastActivityDate="2016-04-07T11:06:51.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12212" CreationDate="2016-04-07T12:09:06.303" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Doing a search for &quot;Cyrillic cursive&quot; was more useful than doing a search for &quot;Cyrillic stroke order&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of the hits I got were of video animations of writing Cyrillic letters, which is all very high-tech, but kind of distracting and also a bit inconvenient. &lt;a href=&quot;http://krokotak.com/2012/06/tracing-cyrillic-letters-in-cursive/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://krokotak.com/2012/06/tracing-cyrillic-letters-in-cursive/&lt;/a&gt; is like Надежда Тарашкевич's &lt;a href=&quot;http://xn----gtbdmbeft1bdk.net/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8/40/415/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;, though it has the advantage of being on a single page. Unfortunately, it is missing a few letters near the end of the alphabet such as &quot;Ээ&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5423" LastEditorUserId="5423" LastEditDate="2016-04-09T23:06:56.920" LastActivityDate="2016-04-09T23:06:56.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12227" CreationDate="2016-04-07T13:39:43.830" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;такой же&quot; = having the same qualities, similar&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;один и тот же&quot;, &quot;этот же&quot; = exactly that one&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-04-07T13:39:43.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12227" CreationDate="2016-04-07T15:29:16.387" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Один и тот же&lt;/strong&gt; – this is used to describe something that doesn't change from one occasion to another, usually with negative connotation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Каждый день повторялось одно и то же – он обещал прийти вовремя, но снова опаздывал. // The same thing repeated every day – he kept promising to come on time but was always late.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Каждый год одно и то же – в марте холодно и повсюду грязь. // Every year it's the same – cold in March and dirt everywhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Этот же&lt;/strong&gt; – this is used to refer to an object or person, mentioned somewhere before:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вчера он заходил в магазин. Этот же человек был замечен на вокзале. // Yesterday he went to the shop. The same man was spotted at the railway station.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я купил машину в прошлое воскресенье. В этот же день я попал в аварию. // I bought the car last Sunday. On the same day I got into accident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Такой же&lt;/strong&gt; – this is used to express that object/person has the same qualities as another object/person:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты такой же дурак, как и твой отец. // You are an idiot just like your father.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гастроскопия - такая же неприятная процедура, как и колоноскопия. // Gastroscopy is a procedure as unpleasant as colonoscopy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-04-07T15:41:01.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12234" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12222" CreationDate="2016-04-07T20:20:04.827" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference has nothing to do with animatedness as the currently selected answer suggests. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is in that &lt;strong&gt;оно&lt;/strong&gt; is a personal pronoun while &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt; are demonstrative pronouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem is that in English the pronoun &quot;it&quot; can be used in both demonstrative and personal roles. The pronoun &quot;this&quot; is used only when one wants to underline spatial proximity.&#xA;In English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is it? - refers to the thing mentioned before &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is this? - refers to the thing near the speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both cases the meaning is demonstrative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-04-07T20:31:01.440" LastActivityDate="2016-04-07T20:31:01.440" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12235" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12237" CreationDate="2016-04-08T07:43:37.413" Score="7" ViewCount="751" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сумма оплаты за товар/услугу, которая остаётся после предоставления скидки. Есть ли слово, которым можно выразить это значение?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5758" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-04-09T00:39:18.620" LastActivityDate="2018-02-07T18:49:25.340" Title="Как называется та часть от стоимости, которая остаётся после скидки?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12235" CreationDate="2016-04-08T08:44:26.290" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слышала варианты:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Цена со скидкой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Окончательная цена&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Финальная цена&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Цена нетто&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Одним словом не слышала. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-04-08T08:44:26.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12235" CreationDate="2016-04-08T10:35:18.053" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Льготная цена&lt;/strong&gt; - пониженный уровень цены на товар в целях стимуляции продаж либо цена, дотируемая для отдельных групп покупателей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Экономика и право: словарь-справочник. — М.: Вуз и школа. Л. П. Кураков, В. Л. Кураков, А. Л. Кураков. 2004.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-04-08T10:35:18.053" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12238" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12242" CreationDate="2016-04-08T14:14:14.457" Score="13" ViewCount="2532" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am looking for a valid translation of the word &lt;em&gt;meeting&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meeting&quot;&gt;According to Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In a meeting, two or more people come together to discuss one or more topics, often in a formal setting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is indeed the meaning I assume. However if I just switch to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot;&gt;Russian version&lt;/a&gt; of this Wikipedia article, I get &lt;em&gt;собрание&lt;/em&gt; which one doesn't normally apply to a business meeting. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since I only worked in international companies, I am not used to saying anything but simply &lt;em&gt;митинг&lt;/em&gt;, which is of course wrong—the Russian word implies a political/social event content with numerous participants. One would not call a one-to-one meeting a &lt;em&gt;митинг&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is the word I should use when telling my Russian-speaking wife that I have a meeting at 6 pm and will therefore be late?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastActivityDate="2016-04-11T03:11:56.650" Title="The Russian equivalent of 'meeting', as in team meeting" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12238" CreationDate="2016-04-08T14:26:16.313" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's better to use word &quot;совещание&quot; instead of &quot;собрание&quot;. &quot;Cовещание&quot; presumes discussion and exchange of opinions, while&quot;собрание&quot; could be more like &quot;assembly&quot; (when everyone is gathered to listen to some presentation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;СОВЕЩАНИЕ, -я; ср. 1. к Совещаться. После короткого совещания было решено ехать в обход. Устроили с., как действовать дальше. 2. Заседание с целью совместного обсуждения чего-л. Всероссийское, международное с. Выступить на совещании. В совещании участвовать. К совещанию готовиться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;заседание&quot; can also be used, but it sounds too formal to my ear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5373" LastEditorUserId="5373" LastEditDate="2016-04-08T14:45:11.193" LastActivityDate="2016-04-08T14:45:11.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12238" CreationDate="2016-04-08T15:00:56.060" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;A short everyday meeting to discuss some pressing matters in a face-to-face talk would be &lt;em&gt;планёрка&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more serious meeting, like the one to define a middle-term strategy, would be &lt;em&gt;совещание&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A formal meeting, with minutes and a chair and stuff like that, would be &lt;em&gt;собрание&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;заседание&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A meeting between people who don't work together (like a sales meeting or a social meeting) which does't involve strict protocol and lots of participants would be &lt;em&gt;деловая встреча&lt;/em&gt; (or just &lt;em&gt;встреча&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-04-08T15:00:56.060" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12241" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12238" CreationDate="2016-04-08T18:05:53.237" Score="10" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Летучка&lt;/strong&gt; - an extraordinary meeting (usually a short one)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Планёрка&lt;/strong&gt; - casual &quot;everyday&quot; meeting (usually in the morning)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Собрание&lt;/strong&gt; - a meeting of the whole team (usually about some common questions)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Совещание&lt;/strong&gt; - a meeting at the boss's office&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вызов на ковёр&lt;/strong&gt; (common joke) - when your boss wants &lt;s&gt;to rebuke&lt;/s&gt; to talk to you particularly at his office&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So what is the word I should use when telling my Russian-speaking wife that I have a meeting at 6 pm and will therefore be late?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A funny story about business meetings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мальчик: Сегодня учительница читала сказку, которая начиналась так: «В некотором царстве, в некотором государстве…» Почему это?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Отец: Потому что все сказки начинаются так.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мать: Не все! Некоторые сказки начинаются со слов: «Сегодня вечером у нас важное совещание».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Boy: Today my teacher read a fairytale which begins with the words: &quot;Once upon a time&quot;. Why so?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Father: All fairytales begin this way.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Mother: Not all. Some tales begin with the words: &quot;This evening we have an important business meeting&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-04-08T18:05:53.237" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12238" CreationDate="2016-04-08T19:52:40.323" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would use &quot;встреча&quot; in your particular case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня сегодня встреча - I've got a meeting today&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я опаздываю на встречу - I'm getting late for a meeting&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's a commonly used word which means just when people meet to discuss something or just to chat. It is usually used for formal meetings, but can also mean a personal meeting, for example, &quot;встреча с другом&quot; (meeting a friend). But as a noun, it never means a rendez-vous. However, as reflexive verb (встречаться) it often means &quot;to date&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7092" LastActivityDate="2016-04-08T19:52:40.323" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12243" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12244" CreationDate="2016-04-09T01:20:17.143" Score="1" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;Помогите, пожалуйста, перевести выражение &quot;wholesome exercise of the Amorous disposition&quot; в следующем отрывке из философской статьи:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The truth is that there is a real plane for the wholesome exercise of the Amorous disposition that is part and parcel of our soul. It is necessary to realize the nature of this plane in order to be relieved of our harmful errors in regard to sexual relationship. Some sort of conviction must precede the actual adoption of any proposed method.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мой перевод: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Истина состоит в том, что существует реальная плоскость &lt;em&gt;для здоровой практики влюбчивости&lt;/em&gt;, являющейся неоъемлемой частью нашей души. Необходимо понять природу этой плоскости, с тем, чтобы освободиться от наших пагубных ошибок в отношении сексуальных отношений. Необходимо наличие определенной убежденности, предшествующей фактическому принятию любого из предложенных методов. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Предлагаемый интернетом перевод &quot;аmorous disposition&quot; как &quot;влюбчивый&quot; не подходит. Мой перевод &quot;влюбчивость&quot; тоже. Для &quot;wholesome&quot; тоже не удается подобрать верное слово.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7085" LastActivityDate="2016-04-09T11:34:56.563" Title="Перевод &quot;wholesome exercise of the Amorous disposition&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12243" CreationDate="2016-04-09T07:36:43.450" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Правда в том, что есть реальная грань &lt;em&gt;для благотворного опыта любовной предрасположенности&lt;/em&gt;, каковая является и частицей, и частью нашей души. Необходимо осознать природу этой грани, дабы избегать в дальнейшем наших пагубных ошибок, касающихся отношений между полами. Некое предубеждение тут должно предшествовать фактическому принятию любого из предложенных методов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-04-09T07:36:43.450" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12243" CreationDate="2016-04-09T09:32:17.630" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы сказала «Правда в том,что существует &lt;em&gt;грань&lt;/em&gt; для &lt;em&gt;здравого использования склонности к любви&lt;/em&gt;...» и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-04-09T11:34:56.563" LastActivityDate="2016-04-09T11:34:56.563" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2463" CreationDate="2016-04-09T20:00:43.253" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to add to everything said above: &quot;Мне хорошо&quot; would be a fitting answer for &quot;Как тебе?&quot; (I can imagine this dialog after changing some physical environment, say, opening/closing the window: -Как тебе? - Мне хорошо. - А мне холодно/жарко.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7097" LastActivityDate="2016-04-09T20:00:43.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1012" CreationDate="2016-04-09T20:05:45.987" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say here is doesn't mean exactly just &quot;take off/fly up&quot;, but rather underlines that they &quot;took off&quot; after spending some time settled on the sea. It doesn't mean that all this time they didn't fly, but they always were somewhere around. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7097" LastActivityDate="2016-04-09T20:05:45.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12249" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12238" CreationDate="2016-04-09T23:09:33.240" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;планёрка, совещание, Летучка, Собрание are all very Soviet sounding and outdated, which is why modern Russian business people don't like to use them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'митинг' is NOT just for political / social context at all, and applies perfectly well to business meeting. I hear this used more often than all the above, which sound very archaic now. And as many Russians take their business language from English anyway, there is nothing wrong with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We hear Russians saying &quot;Business Lunch&quot; all the time, so the addition of &quot;Business&quot; ( ie Business meeting) wouldn't sound strange at all, if you wanted to make it clear it was about business. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, with the social and political regression taking place in Russia at the moment, it's quite possible that the old Soviet terms might come back into use, as Putin's TV channels continue to brainwash their population that all that is Western is bad. In which case, you may attend your планёрка, совещание, Летучка, Собрание, with pleasure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7099" LastEditorUserId="7099" LastEditDate="2016-04-09T23:22:36.567" LastActivityDate="2016-04-09T23:22:36.567" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12238" CreationDate="2016-04-10T04:41:23.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a native Russian, a physicist. The answer is, of course, &quot;совещание&quot;, especially if more than 2 people participate. Планёрка, летучка are 2 outdated words introduced in the early 20th century, by now they are all but extinct.&#xA;The word 'митинг' has been introduced, in order to indicate a political gathering, in the Russian language in the years of WW1 and revolution of 1917. Now, the language keeps changing. The infamous 'митинг' has returned as a &quot;business meeting&quot; in the last 15 years, along with many words borrowed from the English language (like &quot;босс&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7103" LastActivityDate="2016-04-10T04:41:23.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12251" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12253" CreationDate="2016-04-10T08:49:44.650" Score="7" ViewCount="236" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been trying for some time to put my finger on what makes us choose, in everyday speech, between &lt;em&gt;Где моя сумка?&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;А где моя сумка?&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;Мы квартиру покупаем&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;А мы квартиру покупаем&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not considering those cases where &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; clearly has its ordinary contrastive function (&lt;em&gt;Ты тут недавно! — А ты, что ли, давно?&lt;/em&gt;), or where it strings together a narrative of back-and-forth action (&lt;em&gt;...А он этот бриллиант спрятал. А они нашли. А потом оказалось, что он вообще фальшивый.&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My curiosity concerns just the &quot;out of the blue&quot; kind of &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; which seems to have no roots in a conversation's context — and indeed often seems to break that context. The best I could come up with was that this &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; was a sort of call to attention to the whole uttering as something new and important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a better explanation? Has it been described as a more general linguistics phenomenon (because it has clear similarities to, as well as clear differences from, e.g. the Semitic sentence-initial &quot;and&quot;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-04-11T03:07:10.547" Title="Beginning a sentence with &quot;а&quot;: what's the principle?" Tags="&lt;conjunctions&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12252" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12254" CreationDate="2016-04-10T08:59:23.207" Score="18" ViewCount="1913" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there two different ways to be &quot;United&quot;, or is one simply the more modern usage while the other was used historically in previous centuries?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6349" LastEditorUserId="1277" LastEditDate="2016-04-10T10:13:49.230" LastActivityDate="2016-04-10T10:13:49.230" Title="Why are United Nations and United Arab Emirates translated as &quot;Объединённые&quot;, but United States as &quot;Соединённые&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12251" CreationDate="2016-04-10T09:05:57.030" Score="10" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The best I could come up with was that this а was a sort of call to attention to the whole uttering as something new and important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's what it is. It's basically a filler word, similar to English &quot;so&quot;, &quot;now&quot; etc. in the beginning of the sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From one of Zaliznyak's &lt;a href=&quot;http://elementy.ru/nauchno-populyarnaya_biblioteka/431649/Ob_istorii_russkogo_yazyka&quot;&gt;lectures&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В бытовом разговоре мы часто отклоняемся от того, как мы должны были бы написать, если бы сдавали редактору свое литературное сочинение. И вы не получили бы одобрения, если бы в вашем школьном сочинении вы начали фразу так: &lt;em&gt;А знаете, что я вчера видел&lt;/em&gt;. Между тем начальное &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; — это совершенно нормальная форма разговорной русской речи: &lt;em&gt;А вот что я вам скажу. А после этого было то-то и то-то&lt;/em&gt;. В живой речи с &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; начинается едва ли не большинство предложений. И это ровно то, что мы наблюдаем в берестяных грамотах. Слово &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; в начале фразы означает примерно следующее: «Вот что я сейчас вам скажу». Но в нормах церковнославянского языка это слово отсутствовало. Церковнославянская норма его не только не употребляла, но и запрещала употреблять. То есть запрещала, конечно, не в смысле государственного эдикта, а в смысле редакторского давления, которое действует до сих пор. Редактор вам это &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; зачеркнет и сейчас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-04-10T09:05:57.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12252" CreationDate="2016-04-10T09:23:05.793" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Соединённые&lt;/strong&gt; is historical, used AFAIK only with the US and the UK (&lt;strong&gt;Соединённое Королевство&lt;/strong&gt;, which loses overwhelmingly to &lt;strong&gt;Великобритания&lt;/strong&gt; in frequency of usage. The English term &quot;United Kingdom&quot; dates back to 1707.) As a translation of &quot;united&quot;, it would sound &quot;off&quot; nowadays because the word in its current usage properly means &quot;connected&quot;, which isn't quite the same thing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-04-10T09:23:05.793" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12252" CreationDate="2016-04-10T09:24:06.017" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Объединять&lt;/em&gt; and its derivatives were not used in Russian before about 1850.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kostomarov did use it time to time in his works, however, he mostly used &lt;em&gt;соединить&lt;/em&gt; wherever a modern Russian speaker would have used &lt;em&gt;объединить&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Итак, вместо того чтобы идти соединенными силами на половцев, Владимиру приходилось идти войною на своих.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Рязанские и муромские князья уже прежде были с Андреем заодно, соединенные войною против болгар&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, &lt;em&gt;объединять&lt;/em&gt; is just a more modern word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-04-10T09:24:06.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12251" CreationDate="2016-04-11T03:07:10.547" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In all of your samples extra leading &quot;А&quot; makes phrase sound as if the speaker is low-educated or disquiet or etc. So this &quot;A&quot; could be perfectly replaced by any other filler word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-04-11T03:07:10.547" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12238" CreationDate="2016-04-11T03:11:56.650" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In IT sphere, since we work for Europe and USA, we often do online meetings with our foreign colleagues and as sad as it sounds, we call it &quot;митинг&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-04-11T03:11:56.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12258" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12259" CreationDate="2016-04-11T11:47:34.920" Score="3" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В эту минуту рядом проходил какой-то знатный вельможа, — шляпа Тома&#xA;  Ивза слетела с его головы, и он бросился вперед с поклоном и улыбкой.&#xA;  Это доказывало, что и он тоже знает свет — по-своему, по том-ивзовски,&#xA;  конечно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Уильям Мейкпис Теккерей. «Ярмарка тщеславия». Перевод М. Дьяконова.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как и почему должно правильно писаться «по том-ивзовски»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4069" LastEditorUserId="4069" LastEditDate="2016-05-01T13:13:27.763" LastActivityDate="2016-05-01T13:13:27.763" Title="«По» со сложными наречиями" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12258" CreationDate="2016-04-11T11:59:58.787" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;По-том-ивзовски&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Lopatin's &lt;em&gt;Правила русской орфографии и пунктуации&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§ 138. Пишутся через дефис:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Наречия с приставкой &lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt;, оканчивающиеся на &lt;em&gt;-ому, -ему, -ски, -цки, -ьи&lt;/em&gt; … &lt;em&gt;по-социал-демократически, по-жюль-верновски, по-тёти-Валиному&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's quite a recent innovation, 1956's rules called for a single hyphen here: &lt;em&gt;по-томивзовски&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-04-11T12:06:15.083" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7903" CreationDate="2016-04-11T12:49:21.863" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, there's no more common way than calling a woman by name, in case you are not too familiar. The reason we seldom use the words of familiarity at turning to somebody we barely know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет,{NAME}! or&#xA;  Привет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7113" LastActivityDate="2016-04-11T12:49:21.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12258" CreationDate="2016-04-11T16:50:46.407" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the previous answer.We know that adverbs are formed from the adjectives. Let's consider how complex adjectives are formed. «Через дефис пишутся сложные прилагательные,образованные от сочетания имени и фамилии, имени и отчества, &lt;strong&gt;разговорные по стилевой принадлежности&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вальтер-скоттовские романы – по-вальтер-скоттовски(наречие).робин-гудовские приключения – по-робин-гудовски.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В отдельных случаях встречается слитное написание :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;тарасобульбовская сила, веропавловские мастерские».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we speak of belonging to individual people, (not about characters):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Анна-Михайловнина кофта.(with capital letters).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same rule is valid speaking about adverbs with &lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt;. It should be written &lt;strong&gt;по-том-ивзовски&lt;/strong&gt;, as stated at the very beginning.&#xA; Это по Розенталю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Прилагательные,обозначающие индивидуальную принадлежность, пишутся с &lt;strong&gt;прописной&lt;/strong&gt; буквы, если они образованы от собственных имен при помощи суффикса &lt;strong&gt;-ов-,-ев-,-ин-&lt;/strong&gt;.(Надина кукла,Одиссеевы странствия).Но подобные прилагательные пишутся со &lt;strong&gt;строчной&lt;/strong&gt; буквы во фразеологических оборотах и научныз терминах (ахиллесова пята,базедова болезнь).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Прилагательные, обозначающие принадлежность, образованные от собственных имен лиц, пишутся со &lt;strong&gt;строчной&lt;/strong&gt; буквы,если имеют суффикс &lt;strong&gt;-ск-&lt;/strong&gt;(шекспировские трагедии).&#xA;Розенталь Прописная или строчная.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-04-12T10:40:08.297" LastActivityDate="2016-04-12T10:40:08.297" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12262" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12263" CreationDate="2016-04-11T23:26:17.577" Score="5" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand the song except for every mention of Опера.&#xA;What does it mean? Google translate says it means Opera, and indeed it sound like the word too, but what is the context? It doesn't make sense to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiz75KTG94U&quot;&gt;Song link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7114" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-04-12T00:27:51.893" LastActivityDate="2016-04-12T00:27:51.893" Title="Lyrics Translation of Прорвемся Опера" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12262" CreationDate="2016-04-12T00:24:17.820" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Опер&lt;/code&gt; (slang) - is a short form of &lt;code&gt;оперуполномоченный&lt;/code&gt;, which means &lt;code&gt;detective&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;tec&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;sleuth&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Plural form of &lt;code&gt;опер&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;оперá&lt;/code&gt; (stressed &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt;).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прорвёмся, оперá&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Everything will be OK, detectives&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-04-12T00:24:17.820" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7903" CreationDate="2016-04-12T12:58:44.957" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет, мой друг&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means sarcasm. Usually this means you want to admonish the person you know and to create some distance. This usually used when the person needs you more but at the same time behaves inappropriately so that you admonish the person and reminds him that you are not entitled to have patience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет, мой друг, мы уже ждем тебя пару часов, уже уходить хотели, а&#xA;  ты не торопишься.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет, мой друг. И что мы теперь будем делать после того, как ты&#xA;  разбил ящик с шампунем? Кто будет за это платить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет, мой друг, я конечно, всё понимаю, но тебе не обязательно было&#xA;  писать на меня жалобу начальнику.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет, моя подруга&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is the same. You also can use it to create distance and admonish. For instance, for bad behavior previously or she is too annoying or she pretends to be your friend but talks about other men or otherwise behaves inappropriately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет, моя подруга. Всё ещё жить без меня не можешь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет, моя подруга, опять будешь всё время говорить про твоего&#xA;  любимого?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет, моя подруга. Меня хотят уволить после той вечеринки, когда ты&#xA;  напилась и обругала моего начальника.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-04-12T12:58:44.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7903" CreationDate="2016-04-12T20:43:09.880" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Never use &lt;em&gt;подруга&lt;/em&gt; addressing a woman or a girl. It sounds disrespectful and even derogatory.You will never make a mistake if you call a person by their name.For men, perhaps,it sounds differently but if somebody addressed me like this...I believe the cultural level of a person is seen in such &quot;minor&quot;details.Besides it's not the same as &quot;my friend&quot; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-04-13T10:13:12.360" LastActivityDate="2016-04-13T10:13:12.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7903" CreationDate="2016-04-12T23:00:51.597" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Привет, подруга!&#xA;Здорово, подруга!&#xA;Здорово, мать!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7118" LastActivityDate="2016-04-12T23:00:51.597" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12267" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-13T12:36:38.963" Score="6" ViewCount="740" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's one of the most meaningful visualisations of what the word &lt;code&gt;daydream&lt;/code&gt; is about, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FLG0IFRBrgY&quot;&gt;a scene from &lt;em&gt;500 Days of Summer&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. I'm wondering how would I translate &lt;code&gt;daydream&lt;/code&gt; into russian. I believe &lt;em&gt;сон наяву&lt;/em&gt; could be the closest option, but it just doesn't sound right. Are there any better options?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4438" LastActivityDate="2016-04-17T22:41:39.483" Title="Most accurate translation of &quot;daydream&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12267" CreationDate="2016-04-13T12:40:48.760" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Википедия ставит кросс-ссылки на слово &quot;мечта&quot;. &quot;Витать в облаках&quot; кажется немного более точно по смыслу. С отрицательной коннотацией - &quot;считать ворон&quot;, &quot;строить воздушные замки&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-04-13T12:40:48.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12269" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12267" CreationDate="2016-04-13T12:58:36.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The right poetic word is &quot;&lt;em&gt;Грёза&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, which is commonly used in plural &quot;&lt;em&gt;Грёзы&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, or as the verb &quot;&lt;em&gt;Грезить&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-04-13T12:58:36.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12267" CreationDate="2016-04-13T13:15:00.323" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сон наяву is a good definition,it can be expressed by the verb &lt;strong&gt;грезить&lt;/strong&gt;, there's a noun &lt;strong&gt;грёза&lt;/strong&gt;-&lt;strong&gt;грёзы&lt;/strong&gt; which means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;грёза - &lt;em&gt;светлая мечта&lt;/em&gt;,а также  &lt;em&gt;призрачное видение&lt;/em&gt;.(light or positive dream or illusive vision )&#xA;  Пример: Погрузиться в грезы. В мире грез.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ефремова Т.Ф. Толковый словарь русского языка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also liked some synonyms to this word:мечта,видение,воздушные замки,игра воображения,иллюзия,мечтание,самообман,фантазия,химера.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-04-14T06:37:44.907" LastActivityDate="2016-04-14T06:37:44.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12267" CreationDate="2016-04-13T15:32:25.323" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, you need to know that Russian strictly differentiates between a sleeping-dream (&lt;strong&gt;сон&lt;/strong&gt;) and a waking-dream (&lt;strong&gt;мечта&lt;/strong&gt;). &lt;strong&gt;Сон&lt;/strong&gt; just doesn't have any of the connotations of &quot;dream&quot; as it would be used in a vaguely metaphorical sense in English; instead, a non-literal use of &lt;strong&gt;сон&lt;/strong&gt; would suggest slowness, unresponsiveness, or apathy, closer to the English &quot;sleep&quot; (which is indeed the same word in Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now &lt;strong&gt;грёза&lt;/strong&gt; is the closest translation of &quot;daydream&quot;, but it's a bookish or poetic term (to the point of being annoyingly saccharine if used unwisely); for everyday speech, a better candidate would be the plural &lt;strong&gt;мечты&lt;/strong&gt; (a singular &lt;strong&gt;мечта&lt;/strong&gt; is, generally, something held over a longer period of life and more goal-oriented), or the particular statement may not use &quot;daydream&quot; as a noun but instead be phrased around the verb &lt;strong&gt;замечтаться&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;get lost in dreams&quot;. &lt;strong&gt;Грёза&lt;/strong&gt; also has a correspoding verb, &lt;strong&gt;грезить&lt;/strong&gt;, which is somewhat less elated than the noun and more open to indifferent or sarcastic usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-04-13T15:32:25.323" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12272" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-15T01:25:38.473" Score="1" ViewCount="71" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need to put commas on either side of вроде как?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Foe example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Цитата эта, вроде как, к месту.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2016-04-15T12:35:44.867" Title="Do I need to put commas on either side of вроде как?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12273" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-15T07:01:30.743" Score="6" ViewCount="933" Body="&lt;p&gt;Перевод &lt;em&gt;sanity check&lt;/em&gt; -&gt; &lt;em&gt;проверка на вшивость&lt;/em&gt; напрашивается сам собой. Однако словари ничего про это не знают. Они предпочитают кучу странных вариантов, типа &lt;em&gt;санитарная проверка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;проверка работоспособности&lt;/em&gt; (как будто проверка на вшивость не является санитарной и можно проверить работоспособность поверхностной санитарной проверкой) кроме этого. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По-моему проверка на вшивость как и санитарная проверка это нечто поверхностное, поверхностная проверка работоспособности. Перевод в обратную сторону показывает &lt;em&gt;integrity check&lt;/em&gt;. Проверка целостности это то же самое, как я понимаю -- поверхностный тест работоспособности. Только в контексте sanity наверное лучше брать не &quot;целостность&quot; а &quot;вшивость&quot;, чтобы дух исходной фразы тоже передать. Нет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7129" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-04-15T19:58:31.357" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T01:47:25.507" Title="Sanity check -&gt; проверка на вшивость?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12273" CreationDate="2016-04-15T10:21:47.220" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Sanity&quot; does not have anything in common with personal hygiene. &quot;Sane&quot; means &quot;sound&quot;, &quot;reasonable&quot;: an insane person is not dirty, they are crazy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sanity check is a basic test for absence of, well, insane things in your product. If a car engine part under heavy load is made of a wrong alloy, it might not pass functional tests; if it's made of cheap plastic held together by a piece of duct tape, it would fail the sanity check. It's insane to make engine parts of duct tape and plastic, and there is no need to even bother putting it under load.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on context it might be translated as &lt;em&gt;испытание здравым смыслом&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;проверка на разумность&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Проверка на вшивость&lt;/em&gt; is usually applied to people. Its result is revealing the person's true self, whether or not they would expose their dark side under extreme conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-04-15T22:45:57.147" LastActivityDate="2016-04-15T22:45:57.147" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12273" CreationDate="2016-04-15T10:27:30.210" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть несколько уровней проверки программы на работоспособность. Smoke check и Sanity check два наиболее поверхностных. Проваленный &quot;Тест на дым&quot; - это если при запуске программы она сразу же выдает сообщение об ошибке (в электронике - если аппарат включенный в розетку начинает дымить).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тест на &quot;вменяемость&quot; - это если программа внешне выглядит рабочей и вроде бы способна выполнять ожидаемые функции. Более подробной проверки не делается - т.е. не обязательно чтобы данные считались правильно и т.п. Это простой поверхностный осмотр того что окошки открываются, кнопки нажимаются.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Integrity check - обычно это проверка целостности файлов. Есть еще integration testing - это совершенно другой уровень проверки. Обычно это проверка на совместную работу различных компонентов программы, которые разрабатывались отдельно. Например отдельно разрабатывался ввод данных в программу и отдельно - вывод отчетов на принтер. По отдельности они работают, но работают ли они вместе - это должна показать проверка на интеграцию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что это не &quot;санитарная&quot; проверка, а проверка &quot;на здравомыслие&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2016-04-15T10:27:30.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12272" CreationDate="2016-04-15T12:35:44.867" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It all depends on intonation. In principle - no, but if you want to emphasize your uncertainty, make pause, should put commas on either side of this phrase. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7131" LastActivityDate="2016-04-15T12:35:44.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12273" CreationDate="2016-04-15T13:38:58.027" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как бывший тестер:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вообще-то, учитывая отсылку к program bugs, &quot;проверка программы на вшивость&quot; звучит очень неплохо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако дух фразы sanity check &quot;проверка на вшивость&quot; как раз НЕ передаёт.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Во-первых, &quot;sanity check&quot; применяется и в формальнoй среде, а вот &quot;результат проверки на вшивость&quot; в отчёте звучит немного по-хулигански.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;И, во-вторых, &quot;проверка на вшивость&quot; предполгает аккуратный поиск конкретной проблемы, а sanity check, наоборот, с наименьшей дотошностью проверяет общую работоспособность. Даже грязная и забагованная программа, связанная с самыми  подозрительными библиотеками, может пройти sanity check.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user5462" LastEditorDisplayName="user5462" LastEditDate="2016-04-15T13:47:19.683" LastActivityDate="2016-04-15T13:47:19.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12278" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-15T21:28:58.777" Score="2" ViewCount="240" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если ли идиоматический перевод? Если нет, то как перевести точнее всего?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4576" LastActivityDate="2016-04-15T21:28:58.777" Title="&quot;Кому и кобыла невеста&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2016-04-15T22:57:04.517" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12267" CreationDate="2016-04-17T01:07:41.447" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I must say that ступор is also widely used. However ступор is a more shocked state, грёза is the most accurate translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6953" LastActivityDate="2016-04-17T01:07:41.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12280" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12281" CreationDate="2016-04-17T01:23:57.600" Score="4" ViewCount="331" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have got a few Russian friends, who I communicate with in Russian. Many of them use the word youtube. I have noticed that some of them pronounce ютьюб and some - ютуб. I am not sure which one is correct so I use the English pronunciation т.е. ютьюб. Is there a rule on how to pronounce correctly? Thank you in advance!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6953" LastEditorUserId="5600" LastEditDate="2016-05-28T21:11:33.533" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T22:24:27.190" Title="How to pronounce correctly - ютьюб or ютуб?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12280" CreationDate="2016-04-17T01:45:48.167" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;On an everyday level, there's no right and wrong way. &lt;strong&gt;Ютьюб&lt;/strong&gt; is more conventional and consistent with similar Russian phonetisations, which is why it's the one that would be used in broadcast media and anywhere else that &quot;correctness&quot; is required. &lt;strong&gt;Ютьюб&lt;/strong&gt; is also, however, a bit of a disaster as far as euphony and ease of pronunciation are concerned. Still, as a &lt;strong&gt;ютуб&lt;/strong&gt; person I think I'm slightly in the minority.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-04-17T01:45:48.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12284" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12285" CreationDate="2016-04-17T10:10:49.383" Score="8" ViewCount="336" Body="&lt;p&gt;Very recently in a russian newspaper I came across the words якобы and дабы. I surfed the internet for these words and found out that generally якобы is alike псевдо or как будто бы, and дабы is так как. How do I use these old-fashioned words correctly in a context? Thank you in advance!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6953" LastActivityDate="2016-04-17T11:05:01.913" Title="What are the advanced Russian words якобы and дабы?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12284" CreationDate="2016-04-17T11:05:01.913" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Якобы&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;&lt;strong&gt;allegedly&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. It's perfectly normal in everyday speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дабы&lt;/strong&gt; (either the first or the second syllable can be put under the stress) is an old-fashioned conjunction meaning &quot;&lt;strong&gt;so that&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. You must have a clear intention on using such outdated word. Normally Russian speakers say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;для того, чтобы&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, but not &quot;&lt;strong&gt;дабы&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-04-17T11:05:01.913" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12288" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12291" CreationDate="2016-04-17T20:32:36.233" Score="11" ViewCount="647" Body="&lt;p&gt;In what contexts should I use за or для when saying &quot;for&quot; or &quot;to&quot; something or someone?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, I understand that it is proper to use &quot;за&quot; when calling out a toast: &quot;за Россию!&quot;. But that you should use &quot;для&quot; when saying for example: &quot;для меня это важно&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any rules concerning the usage of these words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7141" LastEditorUserId="7141" LastEditDate="2016-04-18T10:11:37.603" LastActivityDate="2016-04-18T10:11:37.603" Title="Difference between &quot;за&quot; (as in &quot;за что-либо/кого-либо&quot;) and &quot;для&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12288" CreationDate="2016-04-17T22:28:08.097" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;За&lt;/code&gt; is more like &lt;code&gt;pro-&lt;/code&gt; prefix in English. It signifies that you're not going to do anything material for the object, other than feeling good for it. When drinking for something, supporting your sports team, you use за.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You use для when it ought to be followed by actions in support of the object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(One exception is, perhaps, voting: &lt;code&gt;Голосовать за Пупкина&lt;/code&gt; means casting vote for Pupkin. But given the state of Russian democracy maybe it isn't an exception at all)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is mocked in &lt;code&gt;Понедельник начинается в субботу&lt;/code&gt;, where they make a wall newspaper called &lt;code&gt;За передовую магию&lt;/code&gt;, this task handled to the most inept persons in the collective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2016-04-17T22:28:08.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12291" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12288" CreationDate="2016-04-17T23:15:07.017" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;За&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;support or backing: &lt;code&gt;сражаться за Родину&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;голосовать за законопроект&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;anything involving trade or exchange, as well reward, punishment, gratitude or apology: &lt;code&gt;продать за сто рублей&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;поблагодарить за приём&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ответить за свои преступления&lt;/code&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;acting on another's behalf, &lt;em&gt;instead&lt;/em&gt; of them: &lt;code&gt;сделать за сына домашнее задание&lt;/code&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Для:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;doing something for someone else's benefit, but &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; instead of them: &lt;code&gt;найти для сына невесту&lt;/code&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;general intended or affirmed purpose of a thing: &lt;code&gt;вилка для сыра&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;книга для детей&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;место для меня&lt;/code&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;subjective measure of a quality: &lt;code&gt;здесь для нас слишком жарко&lt;/code&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;too X/(not) X enough for a Y&quot;, &quot;pretty X as Ys go&quot; constructions: &lt;code&gt;неплохо для начинающего&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note also that &lt;strong&gt;for&lt;/strong&gt; in English and &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian can both have meanings referring to time, but those meanings are different in each case and do &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; translate into each other. &lt;strong&gt;For two weeks&lt;/strong&gt; is, depending on context, &lt;code&gt;две недели&lt;/code&gt; (plain accusative) or &lt;code&gt;на две недели&lt;/code&gt;, whereas &lt;strong&gt;за две недели&lt;/strong&gt; is, again depending on context, &lt;code&gt;in two weeks&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;two weeks before&lt;/code&gt; (if followed by &lt;strong&gt;до&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-04-17T23:15:07.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12292" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12293" CreationDate="2016-04-17T23:47:20.137" Score="8" ViewCount="252" Body="&lt;p&gt;I continued reading the newspaper and came across the anecdote in which лже Семён was mentioned. Unfortunately I could not find a rule which mentiones when to use псевдо and where to use лже. Is there a pattern or could they simply be used randomly? Thank you in advance!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6953" LastActivityDate="2016-04-18T10:10:44.430" Title="When do I use лже and when псевдо?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12292" CreationDate="2016-04-17T23:55:38.520" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;лже&lt;/code&gt; is for impersonation (of, say, Tzar) or mimicry (of edible mushroom).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;псевдо&lt;/code&gt; is for copying form without reproducing essense. Don't think it ever applies to animate being. &lt;code&gt;квази&lt;/code&gt; is sometimes used, meaning &quot;unrelated, but essentially the same&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;code&gt;псевдо&lt;/code&gt; is greek and &lt;code&gt;лже&lt;/code&gt; is slavic; when making complex words, use together roots of same origin: &lt;code&gt;ложноножка&lt;/code&gt;, она же &lt;code&gt;псевдоподия&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2016-04-17T23:55:38.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12292" CreationDate="2016-04-18T10:10:44.430" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Лже&lt;/strong&gt;- in most cases expresses negative attitude (or strong denial of the sense the root of the word usually carries) while &lt;strong&gt;псевдо&lt;/strong&gt;- is rather skeptical and often even neutral, especially when used in engineering and scientific terms where it means 'similar to smth. but strictly speaking, not exactly that thing'. &lt;strong&gt;Лже&lt;/strong&gt;наука (much stronger than &lt;em&gt;псевдонаука&lt;/em&gt; which is possible for expression of skepticism towards some theory), &lt;strong&gt;лже&lt;/strong&gt;пророк, but (neutral) &lt;strong&gt;псевдо&lt;/strong&gt;ним, &lt;strong&gt;псевдо&lt;/strong&gt;стерео, &lt;strong&gt;псевдо&lt;/strong&gt;фланец, &lt;strong&gt;псевдо&lt;/strong&gt;когерентный, &lt;strong&gt;псевдо&lt;/strong&gt;-ЭВМ, &lt;strong&gt;псевдо&lt;/strong&gt;уплотнитель and many more such words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-04-18T10:10:44.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12295" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-18T18:42:12.257" Score="6" ViewCount="411" Body="&lt;p&gt;I mean things like in that picture - used to grab hot coffee cups.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JIAqd.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JIAqd.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-04-18T22:43:15.620" LastActivityDate="2016-04-22T21:19:21.173" Title="What is the Russian for a &quot;coffee sleeve&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12296" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12297" CreationDate="2016-04-18T19:18:29.810" Score="5" ViewCount="547" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the correct translation of &lt;strong&gt;Ты разве не хочешь посмотреть телевизор?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If &lt;strong&gt;разве&lt;/strong&gt; is removed, would the meaning be altered?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's confusing because I interpret the sentence as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Don't you want to watch TV?&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; whether or not it includes &lt;strong&gt;разве&lt;/strong&gt;, so I'm not sure what role it plays in the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-04-19T10:42:25.170" Title="Meaning of разве in &quot;Ты разве не хочешь посмотреть телевизор?&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12296" CreationDate="2016-04-18T19:25:21.143" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are correct as far as the translation goes - it's &lt;strong&gt;Don't you want to watch TV?&lt;/strong&gt;.  Word &lt;em&gt;разве&lt;/em&gt; adds an element of surprise on the part of the person asking the question, as if the asker assumes that the other person wants to watch TV and isn't really expecting a negative answer; very much like using &lt;strong&gt;Don't you...&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;Do you...&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the difference in meaning between sentences with and without &lt;em&gt;разве&lt;/em&gt; is exactly the same as with using &lt;em&gt;Don't you&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Do you&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты разве не хочешь посмотреть телевизор?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Don't you want to watch TV?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты не хочешь посмотреть телевизор?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Do you want to watch TV?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that word &lt;em&gt;разве&lt;/em&gt; can be used in a slightly different meaning of &lt;em&gt;is it really&lt;/em&gt;, but still maintaining an element of surprise:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;ndash; Посмотри на эту машину!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;ndash; Да &lt;em&gt;разве&lt;/em&gt; это машина!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;ndash; Look at this car!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;ndash; Is it &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; a car!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (or)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;ndash; Come on, that's not &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; a car!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2016-04-18T19:25:21.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12296" CreationDate="2016-04-18T20:27:23.063" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Разве adds a tinge of real or feigned disbelief or skepticism, to either a positive or negative statement. &quot;Could it really be true that...&quot;, &quot;Can it be that..&quot;, &quot;Is it possible that...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe you normally watch TV every night, so the person is surprised that tonight you don't seem to be in the mood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A similar word is неужели.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разве can also be used in rhetorical or sarcastic statements like, &quot;Well isn't this a fine mess!&quot; or &quot;What's the matter, aren't you enjoying this crappy food?&quot; or &quot;Well, well, if it isn't Team Rocket... what brings you here?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A secondary meaning of разве is in expressions like разве что or разве только or разве лишь, which mean something like &quot;except maybe&quot;, &quot;except perhaps&quot;, &quot;unless maybe&quot;. I.e., to indicate that a general rule admits an exception, albeit one that is relatively unlikely. For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You could never afford this car, unless maybe you're a millionaire or something.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6349" LastActivityDate="2016-04-18T20:27:23.063" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12295" CreationDate="2016-04-18T21:06:18.960" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two term that are sort of competing with each other so far - which if them will become de-facto standard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One is &quot;картонный подстаканник&quot;.&#xA;The other one is - &quot;капхолдер&quot;. &#xA;There's also such thing like literal translation - &quot;манжет на стаканчик&quot; or &quot;манжет для стаканчика&quot; but de-facto it is less used than first two terms. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surprisingly, though the second term is direct borrowing from English, in English cupholder is slightly different thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's what Russian retailers sees as cupholders:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JCCtr.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JCCtr.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here's what it actually means in English:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RMXuo.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/RMXuo.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note - this phenomenon is not that rare, it is called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-anglicism#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pseudo-anglicism&lt;/a&gt; and there's a bunch of other neat examples - check out &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srrTPMjRRsU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; video for instance (apart from the author mocking pronunciation - it's actually norma that words are phonetically changing).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-04-22T21:19:21.173" LastActivityDate="2016-04-22T21:19:21.173" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12295" CreationDate="2016-04-18T21:13:11.907" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The guy in the coffee shop I patronize calls it &lt;em&gt;манжета&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brief googling shows he's not the only one to do that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-04-18T21:13:11.907" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12302" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12303" CreationDate="2016-04-19T08:22:12.937" Score="9" ViewCount="1018" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference between &lt;strong&gt;заканчивать&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;закончить&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;кончать&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;кончить&lt;/strong&gt;? Or are they interchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-04-19T08:44:30.870" Title="Заканчивать versus кончать" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12302" CreationDate="2016-04-19T08:31:25.160" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no difference. You can say interchangeably:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Закончить университет //&#xA;Кончить университет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Закончить доклад //&#xA;Кончить доклад&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Okay, you can't now. Not in the last ~25 years. Because now the verb &lt;strong&gt;кончить/кончать&lt;/strong&gt; had been attached this meaning: &lt;strong&gt;to orgasm.&lt;/strong&gt; And now it's almost exclusively used to express this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, you still can say and write &lt;code&gt;кончить&lt;/code&gt; implying it's usual meaning. But you'll almost certainly get giggled at.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-04-19T08:36:45.613" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12302" CreationDate="2016-04-19T08:44:30.870" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%B0-&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt;'s an (incomplete) list of meanings with which &quot;за-&quot; prefix can modify the original verb:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to begin doing something &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;doing something ahead of time&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to finish, to complete something&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(sort of related to previous one) to acquire certain property: заплесневеть, заржаветь)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to do something up to extreme point: зачитать до дыр, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to do something that implies the existence of barriers, obstacles etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speaking of &quot;кончать&quot; / &quot;заканчивать&quot; - this is exactly &quot;to complete, to end something&quot; / &quot;to start to end something&quot;. And yes, &quot;кончать&quot; also means &quot;to cum&quot; but whatever, though in original meaning this word is used more and more rare, it is still used. But if you are not native speaker, and thus can not feel subtle connotations, I won't recommend use it at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of &quot;кончить&quot; / &quot;закончить&quot; - it's sort of perfect, it's about some action that already happened, so it's pretty much like &quot;have completed&quot; in both cases (&quot;за&quot;- just add more weight to the fact that we are talking about completed action. And once again - if you don't feel it, safer to use &quot;закончить&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2016-04-19T08:44:30.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12296" CreationDate="2016-04-19T10:42:25.170" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Разве&lt;/strong&gt; has got several meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 It's a particle used in questions corresponding to negative questions in English. It expresses &lt;strong&gt;doubt , surprise&lt;/strong&gt;( так ли, правда ли.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разве он уже приехал?--Hasn't he already come? Он уезжает. разве.? -- Isn't he leaving? Разве  можно?!--Isn't that  allowed?!  (выражение резкого неодобрения, осуждения; разг.).Разве ты не хочешь посмотреть телевизор?--Don't you want to watch TV? Compare:Ты хочешь посмотреть телевизор?--Do you want to watch TV?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It expresses &lt;strong&gt;doubtfulness to make a decision&lt;/strong&gt;, to agree to something.  (разг.).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разве съездить? (может быть, стоит съездить). -- Should I go? Perhaps it's worth visiting.  Никогда этого не ел. Попробовать разве?--I never tasted it. Should I try?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Разве can express a doubtful supposition meaning &lt;strong&gt;perhaps, may be&lt;/strong&gt;. (разг.).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Денег нет, премию разве дадут.--We have no money but there may be a prize (reward ). Гостей не будет, дедушка разве  зайдёт.--No guests, though grandpa might come.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As a conjunction разве expresses &lt;strong&gt;possibility&lt;/strong&gt; (разг.).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сегодня не поеду, разве завтра.- - I am not going today, perhaps tomorrow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;As a conjunction it also has a meaning &lt;strong&gt;in case, unles&lt;/strong&gt; В случае, если не, если только не (разг.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обязательно приду, разве заболею.--I will definitely come unless I fall ill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Толковый словарь Ожегова. С.И. Ожегов, Н.Ю. Шведова.&#xA;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also some synonyms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;будто, возможно ли, да ну?, да ты что!, да что вы, да что вы?, да что ты, да?, если, или, может ли быть, небось, неужели, неужто, ну, ну?, ой ли?,  ужели.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-04-19T10:42:25.170" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12306" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12307" CreationDate="2016-04-19T16:04:26.663" Score="4" ViewCount="184" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reverso Context shows both of those words as &quot;said&quot; and Google Translate gives them slightly different meanings. So when do I use one over the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7155" LastActivityDate="2016-04-19T20:31:48.537" Title="How do I know when to use &quot;сказал&quot; or &quot;заявили&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12306" CreationDate="2016-04-19T16:36:32.977" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Сказал&amp;quot; is just &amp;quot;said&amp;quot;. It doesn't need explanation as this word can be used in everyday situations, both formal and informal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Заявили&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;proclaimed&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;claimed&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;pronounced&amp;quot;, also this verb is in plural form. Singular would be &amp;quot;заявил&amp;quot;. This word is used when someone claims, refuses, protests something. Here are examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Делегация Соединённых Штатов заявила о нарушениях договора. // The delegation of the United Stated claimed there were violations of the agreement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Корпорация заявила об увеличении объёмов производства. // The corporation announced increased production figures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я заявляю решительный протест! // I hereby lodge strongest protest!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples of colloquial use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ребёнок заявил, что не хочет есть овощи. // The child said he did not want to eat vegetables.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он заявляет, что ты украл у него деньги. // He claims you have stolen some money from him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also: &lt;em&gt;заявка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;заявление&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;заявитель&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;заявленная стоимость&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-04-19T16:56:19.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12306" CreationDate="2016-04-19T20:31:48.537" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Where &lt;strong&gt;заявить&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;сказать&lt;/strong&gt; are interchangeable at all, the former is usually media-speak for the latter. &quot;State&quot;, though not an exact translation, is a similarly used English term (&lt;em&gt;a spokesman for the company stated that...&lt;/em&gt;) You simply don't need &lt;strong&gt;заявить&lt;/strong&gt; in day-to-day Russian, unless you specifically mean &quot;declare&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-04-19T20:31:48.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12309" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12311" CreationDate="2016-04-19T13:44:12.250" Score="7" ViewCount="583" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've always used &quot;я понимаю&quot; to mean &quot;I understand&quot; but today came across &quot;мне понятно&quot; which, after checking, seems to mean the same. Is there a difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7169" OwnerDisplayName="Echilon" LastActivityDate="2016-05-05T08:36:12.987" Title="Я понимаю / Мне понятно" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12309" CreationDate="2016-04-19T14:31:18.033" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, Echilon, there is no significant difference, it's quite the same. At least, it's so in the case of &quot;Я понимаю, что...&quot; and &quot;Мне понятно, что...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7160" OwnerDisplayName="Артём Луговой" LastActivityDate="2016-04-19T16:59:05.077" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12309" CreationDate="2016-04-20T10:21:28.653" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although in some situations these sentences may be used interchangeably, there is a subtle difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мне понятно&quot; is a neutral impersonal sentence that basically means 'it is clear to me that...' ('A clear picture of the subject is present in my mind'):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мне непонятно, как ему это удаётся.&lt;/code&gt; - 'I can't understand how he manages that.'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Всем ли понятно, что тут написано?&lt;/code&gt; - 'Does everyone understand what is written here?'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;После твоего объяснения мне всё понятно.&lt;/code&gt; - 'Now that you've explained it, it's all clear to me.'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я понимаю&quot; can often be used instead of &quot;мне понятно&quot;, but the stress here is on my own mental activity:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я не понимаю, как ему это удаётся.&lt;/code&gt; - 'I try to understand how he manages that, but I can't.'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я тебя не понимаю.&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;I fail to understand you (though am eager to).&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Правильно ли я понимаю, что...?&lt;/code&gt; - 'Do I understand correctly that...?'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both &quot;понимаю&quot; and &quot;понятно&quot; can be used as replies in a conversation. Both are translated as 'I see', but &quot;понятно&quot; has a hint of finality: 'Now that you told all that to me, it's all clear to me; no further explanation is necessary.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2284" LastEditorUserId="2284" LastEditDate="2016-04-20T10:52:21.477" LastActivityDate="2016-04-20T10:52:21.477" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12312" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-20T11:00:33.900" Score="9" ViewCount="1199" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that разве has some additional meanings, for instance the expression разве что/лишь/только. However in their principal meaning, разве and неужели are somewhat synonymous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the nuances of difference between the two words? Are there some situations where you would definitely use one but not the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6349" LastActivityDate="2016-04-20T23:10:27.517" Title="What is the difference between разве and неужели?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;&lt;particles&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12312" CreationDate="2016-04-20T12:12:47.497" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Неужели&lt;/em&gt; is particle used in questions only. On the other hand, &lt;em&gt;разве&lt;/em&gt; can be both particle and adjunction in both questions and positive statements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Within a statement &lt;em&gt;разве&lt;/em&gt; is often used together with other words such as &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;лишь&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;только&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;иногда&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;когда&lt;/em&gt; etc.etc. But the latter is not a strict rule. For example, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Смолкли осенние птички, разве изредка вдали дергач прокричит, сова ребёнком заплачет, филин ухнет в бору&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Here &quot;разве что&quot; is intentionally changed to just &quot;разве&quot; without losing sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now considering question sentences, here the situation is more controversial. &lt;em&gt;Разве&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;неужели&lt;/em&gt; seem to be almost synonyms to each other. But, I think, there's a little nuance - IMO, &lt;em&gt;разве&lt;/em&gt; is more neutral and commonly spoken word, while &lt;em&gt;неужели&lt;/em&gt; is more &quot;pushing&quot; one. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Разве&lt;/em&gt; ты не придёшь? --&gt; Just surprised.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Неужели&lt;/em&gt; ты не придёшь? --&gt; Some note of disappointment; maybe you'll change your mind?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-04-20T12:12:47.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12314" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12321" CreationDate="2016-04-20T16:11:05.970" Score="2" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a canonical equivalent of &quot;form-based website authentication&quot; in Russian computer science?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6815" LastActivityDate="2016-04-21T12:17:30.717" Title="How to translate &quot;form-based website authentication&quot;" Tags="&lt;информатика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12312" CreationDate="2016-04-20T19:50:37.303" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Неужели X?&quot; means that X is possible but surprising. The surprise may be pleasant or unpleasant. Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Неужели вместе нам&#xA;Песню не сложить? &#xA;Неужели суждено &#xA;Hам в разлуке жить?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(From the song &quot;Неужели&quot;, lyrics by И. Шумаков)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The singer doesn't know whether &quot;суждено нам в разлуке жить&quot; or not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Неужели&quot; can also refer to good things, i. e. &quot;Неужели Маша меня любит?&quot; or &quot;Неужели суд меня оправдает?&quot;, which means that the speaker considers it probable, albeit surprising.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Неужели?&quot; or &quot;Да неужели?&quot; can be a complete sentence. It means &quot;Really?&quot; and expresses the surprise (but not disbelief) about what you just heard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Разве X?&quot; means that X is improbable, if not outright impossible. If one told instead &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Разве&lt;/strong&gt; суждено нам в разлуке жить?&quot;, it would mean that he doesn't believe that &quot;суждено нам в разлуке жить&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Разве&quot; is often used with rethorical questions.  Example from Poroshenko's speech:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но поставлю и себе, и вам риторический вопрос: разве Россия когда-нибудь выдаст нам преступника Януковича, главного виновника кровопролития на Майдане?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;разве&quot; means that, according to Poroshenko, it is obvious that this will never happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just like &quot;разве X?&quot; means &quot;not X&quot;, &quot;разве не X?&quot; means X.   Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Разве не я тогда у креста,&#xA;Разве я не тонула в море,&#xA;Разве забыли мои уста&#xA;Вкус твой, горе!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Anna Akhmatova)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The common idioms with &quot;разве&quot; are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Разве можно X ?  Means either &quot;doing X is bad&quot; or &quot;X is impossible&quot;. For example, a mom can say to her kid &quot;разве можно рисовать на стенах?&quot; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Разве не так? - don't you agree?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2016-04-20T23:10:27.517" LastActivityDate="2016-04-20T23:10:27.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12316" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-21T03:48:11.227" Score="5" ViewCount="295" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have the word &lt;code&gt;ошеломленный&lt;/code&gt; on a text I am reading, but it is written as &lt;code&gt;ошеломленно&lt;/code&gt;.  I cannot understand what is happening with this adjective's suffix?  I have looked at all the charts and &quot;но&quot; does not seem to be a suffix option for adjectives.  The context sentence is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда четверо подземных странников - Гарри, Рон, Джинни и Локонс - с&#xA;  головы, до пят мокрые, грязные, а Гарру еще и в пятнах вошли в&#xA;  кабинет, все, кто там был, ошеломленно замолчали но тишина в тот же&#xA;  миг взорвалась воплем: -Джинни!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the adjective in the past tense?  Thank you for the help!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7165" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2016-04-22T06:56:18.150" LastActivityDate="2016-04-28T19:08:01.577" Title="Suffix &quot;-но&quot; on adjective? &quot;ошеломленно&quot;" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12316" CreationDate="2016-04-21T04:03:13.683" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an adverb, which is what &lt;strong&gt;-но&lt;/strong&gt; usually forms. &lt;strong&gt;Ошеломленно&lt;/strong&gt; describes &lt;strong&gt;замолчали&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adjectives have no tense; that said, &lt;strong&gt;ошеломлённый&lt;/strong&gt; is not an adjective but a participle of &lt;strong&gt;ошеломить&lt;/strong&gt;, and as such, is indeed in the past tense (the present participle would be &lt;strong&gt;ошеломляемый&lt;/strong&gt;); but then again, tense is no longer relevant when the participle becomes an adverb. Passive ones are formed from past participles by default. A present-tense participial adverb &lt;strong&gt;ошеломляемо&lt;/strong&gt; would mean &quot;stunnably&quot; and it's rather hard to imagine a context in which someone would need a word like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2016-04-21T04:13:19.603" LastActivityDate="2016-04-21T04:13:19.603" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12318" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-21T09:00:55.460" Score="3" ViewCount="269" Body="&lt;p&gt;Для изучающих английский язык существует отличный ресурс -- словарь &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.macmillandictionary.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Макмилана&lt;/a&gt;. В нем приводится куча разной лексики с поясниями, примерами употребления и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто-нибудь знает хороший аналог, но для изучения русского языка?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7167" LastActivityDate="2016-12-06T19:53:12.710" Title="Аналог словаря Макмилана для изучающих русский язык" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;resources&gt;&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12316" CreationDate="2016-04-21T09:51:46.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is and &lt;em&gt;adverb&lt;/em&gt; meaning 'in condition of being stunned'. I don't think it's good Russian to say &quot;ошеломлённо замолчали&quot; (style-wise), maybe because &quot;ошеломлённо&quot; is more about &lt;strong&gt;mode of action&lt;/strong&gt; ('how' they did something, e.g. &quot;ошеломлённо /за/хлопали ресницами&quot; sounds natural), rather than about &lt;strong&gt;the reason&lt;/strong&gt; of &lt;em&gt;switching to inaction&lt;/em&gt; like here (&quot;будучи ошеломлены, замолчали&quot; or &quot;ошеломлённые, они замолчали&quot; would sound much better). Also, going from momentary 'change of state' to continuous (замолчали -&gt; молчали) would 'repair' the style: &quot;&lt;em&gt;ошеломлённо молчали&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (in what condition they were while keeping silence) seems OK for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-04-21T09:51:46.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12318" CreationDate="2016-04-21T10:34:34.940" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я использую тот интернет-ресурс: &lt;a href=&quot;http://translate.academic.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://translate.academic.ru&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;В нем найдешь и толкованя и переводы.&#xA;К сожалению иногда рекламные баннеры мешают. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7168" LastActivityDate="2016-04-21T10:34:34.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12314" CreationDate="2016-04-21T12:17:30.717" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Wikipedia's &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/OWA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;OWA&lt;/a&gt; article it is called &quot;Авторизация с помощью «окна логина»&quot;. Not a notable source, but maybe better than nothing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6131" LastActivityDate="2016-04-21T12:17:30.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12322" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12323" CreationDate="2016-04-21T15:59:16.017" Score="8" ViewCount="480" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand both &lt;strong&gt;низ&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;дно&lt;/strong&gt; mean &lt;em&gt;bottom&lt;/em&gt;, but what is the difference between them in terms of usage? Is it simply that &lt;strong&gt;дно&lt;/strong&gt; additionally or exclusively carries the meaning of &lt;em&gt;bottom surface&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-05-09T19:17:50.657" Title="What's the difference between низ and дно?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12322" CreationDate="2016-04-21T16:26:40.197" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right.&lt;strong&gt;Низ&lt;/strong&gt; is a bottom,or a lower part of an object. &lt;strong&gt;Дно&lt;/strong&gt; is a bottom, a surface. You can say низ дома,(the lower part of the house ),but дно тарелки, бутылки,стакана,моря,океана (the bottom of the plate,bottle, glass,sea,ocean ).&lt;strong&gt;Вверх дном&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;upside-down&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-04-21T16:26:40.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12322" CreationDate="2016-04-21T20:46:47.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Дно&quot; is the bottom of the pan, for example, the bottom of the sea - the lowest part of the relief, object. Also there is a figurative meaning - &quot;the bottom of life,&quot; &quot;the bottom of the society&quot;, etc. (Social bottoms)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;низ&quot; is absolutely identical to the word &quot;bottom&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7172" LastActivityDate="2016-04-21T20:46:47.910" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12325" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12326" CreationDate="2016-04-21T23:15:09.953" Score="5" ViewCount="359" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because prepositions act like clitics, they are pronounced as if the're part of the next word.Does that mean the vowels of the prepositions are also reduced to [ə] and [ɐ] and does this also apply to conjunctions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So are these examples pronounced correctly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;на столе [nə] [stɐˈlʲe]&#xA;на почте [nɐ] [ˈpot͡ɕtʲe]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7010" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-03-12T17:15:03.957" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T17:15:03.957" Title="Russian prepositions &amp; stress" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12325" CreationDate="2016-04-22T01:10:44.683" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, that's correct; reduction applies to prepositions as if they were part of the next word, and there's even a limited number of preposition-noun combinations where the preposition steals stress: &lt;strong&gt;пóд ноги&lt;/strong&gt; (but: под ногáми), &lt;strong&gt;нá руку&lt;/strong&gt; (but: &lt;strong&gt;на рукé&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I have to correct what I originally wrote after this, and double-checking is welcome.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does not apply to conjunctions. &lt;strong&gt;Но&lt;/strong&gt; is always [nо]; &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; is always [a]; &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; is always [ʂto], etc. However, in colloquial speech, the compound conjunctions &lt;code&gt;то, что&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;то, чтобы&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;то, как&lt;/code&gt; and their oblique forms can be pronounced as one word, with stress on the first element: ['toʂtə], ['toʂtəbɨ], ['tokək]. &lt;strong&gt;Потому что&lt;/strong&gt; without the comma is always pronounced as one word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2016-04-22T01:32:28.117" LastActivityDate="2016-04-22T01:32:28.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12328" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-22T11:28:30.737" Score="3" ViewCount="460" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know the word накликать, which has for me a meaning like &quot;tempting fate&quot; (pulling in bad luck), but is there a word in Russian which gives &quot;self-fulfilling prophecy&quot; a positive meaning? Something that has the sense: &quot;believe and it will happen&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6370" LastEditorUserId="6370" LastEditDate="2016-04-23T20:43:31.857" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T18:53:09.397" Title="Positive translation for &quot;self-fulfilling prophecy&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12328" CreationDate="2016-04-22T13:09:57.337" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say &quot;предсказать&quot;. It is not positive, but neutral word.&#xA;Usually it used about prophets. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кассандра предсказала падение Трои. / Cassandra predicted the fall of&#xA;  Troy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7117" LastActivityDate="2016-04-22T13:09:57.337" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12330" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12331" CreationDate="2016-04-23T11:56:58.517" Score="3" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a paragraph in &lt;a href=&quot;https://stackoverflow.com/questions/549/the-definitive-guide-to-form-based-website-authentication&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And finally, login throttling: that is, setting a time delay between&#xA;  attempts after N failed attempts (yes, DoS attacks are still possible,&#xA;  but at least they are far less likely and a lot more complicated to&#xA;  pull off).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know what does it mean, so I need no explanations. I have the only one question: is there a specific term in Russian for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6815" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-05-23T12:41:56.713" LastActivityDate="2016-04-23T16:15:37.680" Title="What is in Russian &quot;login throttling&quot;" Tags="&lt;информатика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12330" CreationDate="2016-04-23T16:15:37.680" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Modern informatics term are hard to translate because there is no official body that regulates this field in Russia, plus usually IT specialists are proficient in English so that they don't need translations and use original info.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd translate this as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Логин с задержкой обработки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Логин с таймаутом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-04-23T16:15:37.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12332" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-23T22:42:35.307" Score="8" ViewCount="1116" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть разные мемы с этой фразой, но что именно она означает?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7184" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-04-24T02:39:48.620" LastActivityDate="2016-05-31T03:45:05.437" Title="Что значит фраза “это вам не это&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;фраза&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12332" CreationDate="2016-04-24T03:27:27.113" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's apparently a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ef_dGigQK9Q&quot;&gt;film quote&lt;/a&gt;. It's a staple of army-related humour that officers have a problem speaking coherently. &lt;strong&gt;Это вам не это&lt;/strong&gt; means something like, &quot;This ain't the, you know&quot;, i.e. the second &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; is a filler word that just trails off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-04-24T03:27:27.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12335" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12328" CreationDate="2016-04-24T07:23:02.787" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually it souds like: если сильно захотеть - обязательно сбудется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1159" LastActivityDate="2016-04-24T07:23:02.787" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12336" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12337" CreationDate="2016-04-25T05:53:16.873" Score="6" ViewCount="523" Body="&lt;p&gt;If have just started to learn Russian and have come across the fact that 'ь' remains silent but changes the sound of the letter that comes before it (I think). Please can someone give me an example of how e.g. ять and ят would sound different. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7190" LastEditorUserId="7190" LastEditDate="2016-04-25T14:19:47.650" LastActivityDate="2016-06-10T10:57:25.110" Title="If 'ять' sounds like 'yat' then what does 'ят' sound like?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="16" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12336" CreationDate="2016-04-25T06:50:39.280" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;They do sound different as long as they are written so:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Брат // brother&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Брать // to take&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мат // mat (gym)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мать // mother&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you need to listen to feel the difference, use Google Translate - there's a button to read your text aloud.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-05-12T12:01:48.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12336" CreationDate="2016-04-26T07:40:54.383" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ять is made of two sounds: я [ya] and ть [t']. Second  sound, soft T, you can hear in a few english words such as tea, terminate (first t), estimate (first t). Russian examples are мать, тигр, тяжба. But remember that [t'] in russian is much softer than in english.&#xA;Ят is also made of я [ya], but here T is hard and pronounced like [t]. For example, in english train, track, tomb, in russian твердь, торг, трамвай.&#xA;Also, like it is advised above, watch some youtube videos (cs:go with russian teammates, they swear a lot, and swearing in russian is the best way to understand pronunciation of ять), or listen to google translator.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7194" LastActivityDate="2016-04-26T07:40:54.383" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12336" CreationDate="2016-04-26T13:10:25.040" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you're British, then you probably already use a soft [t] in the word &lt;strong&gt;tune&lt;/strong&gt;, as compared to how we Americans say the same word. You basically say &lt;strong&gt;тюн&lt;/strong&gt; and we say &lt;strong&gt;тун&lt;/strong&gt;. If you can, isolate the first consonant in both pronunciations, and you will get the gist of what happens phonetically when you pronounce a Russian soft consonant. Basically, you're producing the target sound, but with your tongue wanting to form a [y] sound at the same time. Very often, English speakers who are learning Russian get away with just saying a full [y] after the target sound, which is wrong. The idea is to produce the target consonant WHILE the tongue is in the [y] position as one articulation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW, you can do the same for -дь- with &lt;strong&gt;dune&lt;/strong&gt; (Brit. &lt;strong&gt;дюн&lt;/strong&gt; Am. &lt;strong&gt;дун&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-04-26T13:10:25.040" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12328" CreationDate="2016-04-27T18:49:35.507" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know whether it's useful,but there's an expression &lt;em&gt;привлечь удачу&lt;/em&gt;(to attract luck),though you can hear &lt;em&gt;поймать удачу(за хвост)&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt;ловить миг удачи&lt;/em&gt; (catching luck,or a lucky moment ) more often in Russian. And when a person visits a fortune teller there's &lt;em&gt;приворот на счастье&lt;/em&gt;(some magic to bring luck).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-04-27T18:49:35.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12343" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12344" CreationDate="2016-04-27T19:55:12.810" Score="4" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been trying to figure out what conjugation &quot;имелся&quot; is; as far as I understand it is some form of &quot;иметь&quot;.  I have consulted various conjugation charts and none of them have this word.  The only result I have gotten is by putting it into google translate, which said it was a past tense &quot;I had,&quot; but I am not sure how accurate this is.  Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7165" LastActivityDate="2016-04-27T21:34:41.717" Title="имелся, what conjugation is this?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12343" CreationDate="2016-04-27T20:09:17.913" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's really past tense of иметь,rather иметься, masculine, and it means &lt;em&gt;there was&lt;/em&gt;, for example :There was a house in the picture. It isn't &lt;em&gt;I had&lt;/em&gt;, it's impersonal,a bit bookish and old-fashioned  and rarely used nowadays. We say был instead. They say I should have mentioned 1 conjugation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-04-27T21:34:41.717" LastActivityDate="2016-04-27T21:34:41.717" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2637" CreationDate="2016-04-27T20:56:46.030" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Помимо слова &quot;окрест&quot; можно &lt;a href=&quot;http://russkiiyazyk.ru/orfografiya/pravopisanie/proverochnoe-slovo-k-slovu-okrestnost.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;проверить слово &quot;окрестность&quot;&lt;/a&gt; словами &quot;крест&quot;, &quot;перекресток&quot;, &quot;крестильный&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7202" LastActivityDate="2016-04-27T20:56:46.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12328" CreationDate="2016-04-28T07:20:32.163" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Антоним к &lt;code&gt;накликать беду&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;приманить/привлечь удачу&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2016-04-28T07:20:32.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12347" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-04-28T12:22:55.060" Score="3" ViewCount="314" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пленэр&lt;/strong&gt; — живописная техника изображения объектов при естественном свете в естественных условиях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какой диапазон использования у этого слова (действие, создание картины в этой технике; сама техника; картина, изображённая   этой технике)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Например:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Мы берем одну, заметь - одну чувиху и едем на пленэр. &lt;em&gt;С.Довлатов &quot;Заповедник&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (выезд к изображаемому объекту и его рисование).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не подтверждённые примеры:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Этот пленэр (картина) получился особенно выразительно.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Благодаря отработке пленэра (техники) в студенческие годы он добился значительных успехов в живописи в целом.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5758" LastEditorUserId="5758" LastEditDate="2016-05-23T07:03:31.180" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T07:03:31.180" Title="Использование слова &quot;пленэр&quot;. Примеры" Tags="&lt;словоприменение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12348" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12349" CreationDate="2016-04-28T17:45:43.017" Score="2" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;В английском языке я бы сказала один тур или маршрут состоит из &lt;strong&gt;Stations&lt;/strong&gt;. &#xA;Какое русское слово лучше подходит? Станция звучит как-то нелепо. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Достопримечательность не подходит.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7204" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-04-28T22:41:22.747" LastActivityDate="2016-05-05T12:01:35.713" Title="Из чего состоит туристический маршрут" Tags="&lt;терминология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12348" CreationDate="2016-04-28T18:07:24.757" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если предполагается на &quot;stations&quot; задерживаться - остановки, если нет - разве что корявые &quot;промежуточные пункты&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user5462" LastActivityDate="2016-04-28T18:07:24.757" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12316" CreationDate="2016-04-28T18:37:54.370" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, there is no suffix -но in Russian, it's suffix -енн- from adjective &quot;ошеломленный&quot; (actualy, it's not an adjective in russian, it is something we call &quot;причастие&quot;. Basicly, it's form of verb (in our case form of verb &quot;ошеломить&quot;), which is formed with differnt suffixes, and one of them is -енн. In English it is called &quot;participle&quot;) + suffix of adverb -о. Second, adjectives haven't got any tense in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &quot;ошеломленно&quot; is an adverb and it means stunningly or dazedly, more detailed meanings are in previous answers. It's will be more easy understand Russian words, if you will know how they were formed. For this example it will be like this: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;шелом (this word is outdated, it's from Old Russian, now it is &quot;шлем&quot; that is translated &quot;helmet&quot;) + o- + -и- + -ть --&gt; ошеломить + -енн- --&gt; ошеломленный + -o --&gt; ошеломленно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is how it is done in Russia on Russian lessons, you should try it, it really become easier to understand the meaning and the right spelling of any word you want.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7196" LastEditorUserId="7196" LastEditDate="2016-04-28T19:08:01.577" LastActivityDate="2016-04-28T19:08:01.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12348" CreationDate="2016-04-29T02:51:00.947" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Просторечное - &quot;заезды&quot;. Например, поедем по золотому кольцу, пять заездов сделаем в церкви. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-04-29T02:51:00.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12353" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-01T13:02:09.930" Score="4" ViewCount="58" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across a sentence on the language-learning site Duolingo that said&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Много людей в Европе и Америке знает о Петербурге.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is &lt;code&gt;знает&lt;/code&gt; used instead of &lt;code&gt;знают&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One suggestion in the comments was that a singular verb is used when a group acts as one entity, but in this case it seems to me as though each &lt;em&gt;individual&lt;/em&gt; knows about St. Petersburg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone explain the usage of singular verbs for multiple things/people?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-05-01T13:24:24.527" Title="Singular Verbs for Groups" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-05-01T20:44:19.413" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12355" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12356" CreationDate="2016-05-01T16:18:04.547" Score="10" ViewCount="468" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've always used &lt;code&gt;мне нужно было&lt;/code&gt; to mean &lt;code&gt;I had to&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;it was necessary to&lt;/code&gt; but today I came across &lt;code&gt;мне пришлось&lt;/code&gt; which seems to mean the same thing. I can't find it in a dictionary but it looks like a past tense form. Google translates it as &lt;code&gt;I had&lt;/code&gt;, but is it a common expression?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7169" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2016-05-01T16:54:11.417" LastActivityDate="2016-05-02T16:53:27.497" Title="пришлось / мне нужно было" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12356" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12355" CreationDate="2016-05-01T17:06:30.360" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мне пришлось&lt;/em&gt; means exactly the same as 'I had to', that is, you did something because of the circumstances, you had no other way out but to do that, like in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не успел на автобус, поэтому мне пришлось идти пешком.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;I was late for my bus, that's why I had to walk on foot.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &lt;em&gt;мне нужно было&lt;/em&gt; means only 'it was necessary to', but not 'I had to', &lt;em&gt;мне нужно было&lt;/em&gt; implies the existence of an alternative, like in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Врачи говорили, что мне нужно было побольше ходить пешком, но я всё равно ездил на машине.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;The doctors said it was necessary for me to walk on foot more, but I still drove my car.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пришлось&lt;/em&gt; is the past tense, singular, neuter gender form of the perfective aspect verb &lt;em&gt;прийтись&lt;/em&gt;, here it is in a dictionary, the meaning we are talking about is #3: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/прийтись&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2016-05-01T17:19:19.150" LastActivityDate="2016-05-01T17:19:19.150" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12355" CreationDate="2016-05-02T16:47:42.770" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could translate &lt;code&gt;мне пришлось&lt;/code&gt; as &amp;quot;I was forced to...&amp;quot;. In other words, it is not simply &amp;quot;I had to&amp;quot;, but with added implication that I didn't want to do this, but there was no other choice, as Yellow Sky pointed out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Ну дела, - подумал Лось, -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не хотелось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А пришлось&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;   -Рената Муха&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &lt;code&gt;мне нужно было&lt;/code&gt; would be better translated as &amp;quot;I needed to...&amp;quot;, as opposed to &lt;code&gt;я должен был&lt;/code&gt;, which is a better equivalent of &amp;quot;I had to&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-05-02T16:53:27.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12328" CreationDate="2016-05-04T01:06:04.707" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Приняли волю пророка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они смирились с нарисованной картиной будущего, и стали действовать согласно ролям, предписываемой им, этой картиной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Действовали грезя о будущем, приближая неизбежность свершившегося/будущего.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но все ествественно гораздо проще, мы смотрим в гугл и обнаруживаем что вики знает:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-fulfilling_prophecy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Self-fulfilling prophecy&lt;/a&gt; для не носителей и для носителей &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Самоисполняющееся пророчество&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true, by the very terms of the prophecy itself, &lt;strong&gt;due to positive feedback between belief and behavior&lt;/strong&gt;. Although examples of such prophecies can be found in literature as far back as ancient Greece and ancient India, it is 20th-century sociologist Robert K. Merton who is credited with coining the expression &quot;self-fulfilling prophecy&quot; and formalizing its structure and consequences. In his 1948 article Self-Fulfilling Prophecy, Merton defines it in the following terms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The self-fulfilling prophecy is, in the beginning, a false definition of the situation evoking a new behavior which makes the original false conception come true. This specious validity of the self-fulfilling prophecy perpetuates a reign of error. For the prophet will cite the actual course of events as proof that he was right from the very beginning.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Речь идет &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; об удаче или не удаче, а о некотором варианте самообмана, акте веры, &lt;em&gt;который&lt;/em&gt; приводит к последствиям согласно этой вере, но в тоже время эти последствия могли бы и не случиться, если бы эта вера принята не была. Те следствия, являются прямыми последствиями некоторого самообмана.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Простейший пример, действия в критической ситуации, действия в ситуации связанной с выживанием. Басня о лягушках и кувшине с молоком, как раз из этой оперы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Те в исходном варианте, речь о вере и убежденности в некоторое вероятное будущее, в возможные события этого будущего, которые меняют способы действия самого человека(носителя этих убеждений) и тем самым меняет вероятный исход для этого человека в будущем, на тот который соответствует этим убеждениям.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В таком ключе можно предполагать или вообразить себе, как положительный смысл так и отрицательный. Однако в положительных вариантах, это результаты целеустремленности и полного использование своих возможностей, для которого(использования) следует знать эти возможности. Те это результат не самообмана, а объективной оценки имеющихся возможностей. Да, при этом действиям может сопутствовать удача, или можно положиться на удачу - но в любом случае это максимальное использование имеющихся возможностей с объективной(те соответствующей реальности) оценкой, и не важно сопутствовало этому удача или нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно обманываться относительно возможностей, в сторону завышения, но это либо ничего не изменит или (и с большей вероятностью) приведет к неудаче.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Недооценка собственных возможностей, те самообман, в сторону их занижения, гарантированно приведет к отсутствию действий по реализации этих возможностей, и гарантированно отрицательным последствиям в ситуациях в которых это вообще имеет смысл обсуждать, в критических или могущих стать таковыми ситуациях, как минимум.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К сожалению ОП не привел вариантов положительного использования этого термина в английском языке. Также я не исключаю что возможно для носителей языка термин имеет нейтральную окраску, и приобретает соответствующую в зависимости от контекста где он использован.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Варианты использования которые довелось слышать мне, имеют явно негативную окраску, в духе: гуси уже во всю гогочут, а вы все спите. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Более чем уверен, что классики отечественной литературы в результате работы над смыслами, имеют образцы и такого смысла, и мне кажется что этому вопросу требуется человек с литературным образованием, который мог бы привести варианты использования этого смысла примерами из золотого и серебряного века.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть также другие определения этого термина: самореализующееся пророчество, эффект Розенталя, эффект Пигмалиона.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3713" LastEditorUserId="3713" LastEditDate="2016-06-27T18:53:09.397" LastActivityDate="2016-06-27T18:53:09.397" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12280" CreationDate="2016-05-04T01:27:37.180" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ютуб, на ютубе only.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Ютьюб - unecessary too overcomplicated to prononce&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If you wish look like noob, who can't english, except that one word, and who wish to show that knowledge - you may use that Ютьюб, or actually Ютюб.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Be cool, name it: тытруба, на тытрубе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3713" LastActivityDate="2016-05-04T01:27:37.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12280" CreationDate="2016-05-04T12:21:38.737" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;По-английски произносится ютюб. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dQPfC8n2dY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dQPfC8n2dY&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А по-русски ютьюб:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Qtg8bPgEww&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Qtg8bPgEww&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2016-05-04T12:21:38.737" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12361" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-04T16:49:06.473" Score="1" ViewCount="251" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как лучше перевести &quot;golden bridge&quot; в следующем отрывке:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The writings of Thakur Bhaktivinode provide the golden bridge by which the mental speculationist can safely cross the raging waters of fruitless empiric controversies that trouble the peace of those who choose to trust in their guidance for finding the Truth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мой перевод&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Труды Бхактивинода Тхакура - это золотой мост, по которому ментальный спекулянт может безопасно пересечь бушующие воды бесплодных эмпирических споров, нарушающих покой тех, кто в поисках Истины выбрал твердо верить в их руководство. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не нашла, чтобы это выражение относилось к устойчивым. Слово &quot;golden&quot; может переводиться как &quot;прекрасный&quot; или &quot;отличный&quot;, но это также мало помогает. Может быть &quot;крепкий&quot;, но это как кажется уже совсем вольный стиль. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7085" LastActivityDate="2016-05-07T14:25:49.417" Title="Как лучше перевести &quot;golden bridge&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12309" CreationDate="2016-05-05T08:36:12.987" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я понимаю A&lt;/em&gt; = active voice, &lt;em&gt;I understand A&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мне понятно A&lt;/em&gt; = passive voice, &lt;em&gt;A is understandable for me&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7223" LastActivityDate="2016-05-05T08:36:12.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12366" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12348" CreationDate="2016-05-05T12:01:35.713" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Место, посещение или в комбинации.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Маршрут включает посещение пяти мест.&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Маршрут состоит из посещения пяти мест.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тонкости в подобных вариантах есть, но подобрать подходящие по контексту глагол и форму предложения, думаю, всегда можно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;И еще. Я тут человек новый, может чего-то не понимаю, мне кажется, что этот вопрос надо задавать преимущественно русскоязычным пользователям и отвечать на русском, на английском все тонкости русского не объяснишь, да и зачем?&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rus.stackexchange.com&quot;&gt;http://rus.stackexchange.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5448" LastActivityDate="2016-05-05T12:01:35.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12367" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-05T18:14:51.803" Score="4" ViewCount="679" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Don't overthink it, it's about you getting work done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have yet to find a translator software that correctly translates expressions like &quot;overthink&quot; in a way that's actually used in the target language. At least that's the case with Portuguese and Spanish (both of which I'm fluent in).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7229" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-11-13T12:59:31.237" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T14:19:17.260" Title="How would you say 'overthink' in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12367" CreationDate="2016-05-05T19:04:39.573" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case I'd translate the whole sentence in a different way, rather than choose word for &quot;overthink&quot;. For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Меньше думай, больше делай&lt;/em&gt; --&gt; Think less, do more&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Глаза боятся, а руки делают&lt;/em&gt; --&gt; The eyes fear but the hands work&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering &quot;to overthink&quot;, I doubt if there is a good bookish word but commonly people say &quot;&lt;em&gt;зацикливаться&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, i.e. &quot;&lt;em&gt;don't overthink it&lt;/em&gt;&quot; --&gt; &quot;&lt;em&gt;не зацикливайся на этом&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a couple of &quot;slanguish / teenager&quot; variants: &quot;&lt;em&gt;не загоняйся&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;em&gt;не парься&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (the latter stands for both &quot;don't think / don't worry&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD. OK, for this case &quot;&lt;em&gt;мудрить&lt;/em&gt;&quot; seems to fit nice:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ты не мудри, просто сделай свою работу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-05-06T06:32:49.933" LastActivityDate="2016-05-06T06:32:49.933" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12369" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-06T10:34:11.553" Score="3" ViewCount="214" Body="&lt;p&gt;My team is working on a software for parsing Russian text / documents. I am completely new to Russian language hence posting this question. My questions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How do we represent standard metric system in Russian? For example, how do we write 100 meters or 100 litres or 100 km or 100 seconds etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How do we represent months and year and dates? For example, &quot;10 January&quot;, &quot;10th January&quot; or &quot;10th Jan, 2016&quot; or 12/31/2015 etc?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How do we represent email? For example, if I need to write rbhatt@gmail.com.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How do we represent numbers (numeric system 0-9)? For example, 1234.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope for a native Russian these would be a cake walk questions to answer. I would be greatly thankful for any other info related to Russian language that would help me in my job. Thanks in advance and apologies for writing this in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7231" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-05-28T08:54:55.123" LastActivityDate="2016-05-28T08:54:55.123" Title="Formatting standard measurments" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12370" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12369" CreationDate="2016-05-06T11:04:50.787" Score="5" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are standard Russian signatures using cyrillic letters, i.e. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;km&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; --&gt; &quot;&lt;strong&gt;км&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; etc. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86#.D0.95.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D1.8B_.D0.A1.D0.98&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Wiki on SI units&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;European&quot; style rather than &quot;american&quot;. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_format_by_country&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Date format by country&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As is.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Screenshot from Windows control panel:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PIOov.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PIOov.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-05-06T11:16:10.713" LastActivityDate="2016-05-06T11:16:10.713" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12361" CreationDate="2016-05-06T12:40:24.967" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word 'golden' in this particular piece doesn't hold any meaning other than emphasizing the quality of the 'bridge', perhaps holding the meaning 'best', as in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'the writings provide the best way there is for the mental speculationist to cross the raging waters of fruitless empiric controversies that trouble the peace of those who choose to trust in their guidance for finding the Truth'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the translation isn't a word-by-word one like you've presented, it's more to do with the meaning of the phrase itself. So, translating freely, it could be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'Труды Бхактивинода Тхакура - лучший способ для...'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'Труды Бхактивинода Тхакура - наилучший путь для...' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'Труды Бхактивинода Тхакура как нельзя лучше позволяют...'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7210" LastEditorUserId="7210" LastEditDate="2016-05-06T14:23:41.130" LastActivityDate="2016-05-06T14:23:41.130" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12322" CreationDate="2016-05-06T22:39:13.640" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say &quot;низ&quot; (3d) is a lower part of an object, and &quot;дно&quot; (2d) is a lower surface of an object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7234" LastActivityDate="2016-05-06T22:39:13.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12361" CreationDate="2016-05-07T14:25:49.417" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;В предложении бесплодные эмпирические споры сравниваются с бушующими водами, а труды Тхакура - с золотым мостом, по которому можно пересечь их.  В переводе, чтобы сохранить метафору, надо brigde перевести как мост, и никак иначе.  Golden bridge - это золотой мост, тем более что как &quot;золотой мост&quot;, так и &quot;golden bridge&quot; широко используются, когда говорят о йоге (легко нагуглить).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2016-05-07T14:25:49.417" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12369" CreationDate="2016-05-07T14:44:28.587" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How do we represent standard metric system in Russian? For example,&#xA;  how do we write 100 meters or 100 litres or 100 km or 100 seconds etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;100 meters - 100 метров&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;100 litres - 100 литров&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;100 km - 100 км&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;100 seconds - 100 секунд (или 1 минута 40 секунд)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How do we represent months and year and dates? For example, &quot;10&#xA;  January&quot;, &quot;10th January&quot; or &quot;10th Jan, 2016&quot; or 12/31/2015 etc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10 января&#xA;10.1 or 10.01 (first day then month)&#xA;10.I (rarely - day as a Western number, month as a Latin number)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10 января 2016&#xA;10 января 2016 года&#xA;10.1.2016&#xA;10/1/2016&#xA;10.01.2016&#xA;10/01/2016&#xA;10.I.2016&#xA;Some use &quot;-&quot; instead of &quot;.&quot;, but always remeber: day should be before month.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How do we represent email? For example, if I need to write rbhatt@gmail.com.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just like this: rbhatt@gmail.com . Email is language-independent.  The character &quot;@&quot; is pronunced собака, the character &quot;.&quot; is pronunced точка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How do we represent numbers (numeric system 0-9)? For example, 1234.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just like this: 1234.  If there is a fractional part, it is separated by &quot;,&quot; , but some computer programmers use &quot;.&quot; .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2016-05-07T14:44:28.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12375" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12388" CreationDate="2016-05-07T22:46:22.857" Score="4" ViewCount="221" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am translating a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sibran.ru/journals/issue.php?ID=160175&amp;amp;ARTICLE_ID=160248&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian scientific journal article&lt;/a&gt; to English and the various online translation services are returning ambiguous translations for one sentence in particular (first page, third paragraph):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В Институте горного дела имени А. А. Скочинского автором были поставлены опыты по исследованию влияния поперечных пульсационных скоростей на распыливание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google Translate initially translates this as &quot;&lt;em&gt;The Mining Institute named after A. A. Skochinsky author&lt;/em&gt; carried out experiments on the effect of the transverse fluctuating velocities on atomization.&quot; (Emphasis is my own, and is the confusing part.) But Google Translate also suggests a possible translation is &quot;At the Mining Institute named after A. A. Skochinsky &lt;em&gt;the author&lt;/em&gt; carried out experiments on the effect of the transverse fluctuating velocities on atomization.&quot; Does this sentence suggest that the author of the paper I am translating carried out the experiments, or were the experiments conducted by a scientist who worked at the mining institute (and was not necessarily the author of the paper of interest)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7238" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T00:37:50.937" Title="Confusion about use of the word &quot;автором&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12375" CreationDate="2016-05-07T23:08:56.553" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's impossible to say without a further context.  Both is possible.  If it's a synopsis of the own writer's paper, then the writer made experiments himself. If it's a review of someone other's work, then experiments were made by that other person.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-05-07T23:08:56.553" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11712" CreationDate="2016-05-08T13:25:16.893" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no form of &lt;code&gt;&quot;подъехать&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, that sounds &lt;code&gt;&quot;подвести&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. Both are infinitives of different words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Подъехать means &quot;drive up (to)&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Подве&lt;b&gt;с&lt;/b&gt;ти has to do with walking, leading, guiding or directing and means &quot;bring somebody or something closer (to)&quot;, &quot;insert something under something&quot; (drive one end beneath the other)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Подве&lt;b&gt;з&lt;/b&gt;ти has to do with driving a vehicle and means &quot;to deliver&quot;, &quot;to give a lift&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;подве&lt;b&gt;з&lt;/b&gt;ти&quot; is a little bit closer to &quot;подъехать&quot; as both have to do with vehicle driving, but they are different too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5617" LastActivityDate="2016-05-08T13:25:16.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12367" CreationDate="2016-05-08T13:50:42.397" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just my five cents, a bit closer to the original phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не думай больше, чем надо. Суть в том, чтобы ты &lt;strong&gt;сделал&lt;/strong&gt; работу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with an emphasis on a word &quot;сделал&quot; (Do not think more than necessary. The point is that you get the work done).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even closer, a bit clumsy, but acceptable (I could say so, but primitive minds could get stuck in an attempt to extract the matter from the sentence):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не думай больше, чем надо. Вся суть в &lt;strong&gt;выполнении&lt;/strong&gt; работы тобою.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Do not think more than necessary. The point is in accomplishing of the work by you)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I find the last Matt's variant (не мудри) is the best one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5617" LastEditorUserId="5617" LastEditDate="2016-05-08T14:05:27.010" LastActivityDate="2016-05-08T14:05:27.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12379" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-08T14:46:52.387" Score="2" ViewCount="175" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching a movie in Russian and came across a phrase for which I cannot find a match in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Нехорошо получилось&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was said after some misunderstanding between two men that led to a fight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7242" LastActivityDate="2016-05-08T15:34:59.737" Title="How to translate &quot;Нехорошо получилось&quot; to English?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-05-08T16:42:21.490" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12379" CreationDate="2016-05-08T15:18:12.307" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Нехорошо получилось&quot; is a half-veiled expression of regret. The person regrets having done something, but does not go as far as to acknowledge his guilt. The upside is that the phrase also evades putting the blame on the opponent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's as if the mishap happened by itself. &quot;We only wanted to have a little argument, to exchange opinions, and look what has happened.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm finding it hard to come up with an idiomatic everyday equivalent in English. I recall the expression &quot;Just my luck!&quot;, but that has a single person as subject. Interjections like &quot;Oops!&quot; and &quot;D'oh!&quot; also come to mind. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could it be translated as &quot;We've gone a bit too far with this&quot; or something like this, I wonder. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a morphology standpoint, the verb 'получилось' is ambiguous as to the character of the implied subject: it could be &quot;Нехорошо получилось у меня&quot; (I'm the culprit) or &quot;Нехорошо получилось у нас&quot; (we are both culpable). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1884" LastEditorUserId="1884" LastEditDate="2016-05-08T15:34:59.737" LastActivityDate="2016-05-08T15:34:59.737" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12381" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12382" CreationDate="2016-05-08T17:14:05.433" Score="5" ViewCount="275" Body="&lt;p&gt;Similar to one of my &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/12190/6816&quot;&gt;previous posts&lt;/a&gt;, I am wondering what case is used for nouns preceded by numbers of different nature (when there is some discrepancy over which number, or an approximation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because numbers like 1 or 21 are different from numbers like 2, 3, and 4, which are, in turn, different from the rest in which case is used (any, s. gen., and pl. gen., respectively).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ex. 1: один или два (год?)(года?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ex. 2: три или пять (года?)(лет?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which way is correct? Is there more than one correct way?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-10-03T18:38:58.900" Title="Multiple numbers before a noun" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12381" CreationDate="2016-05-08T17:36:02.493" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, the last one takes precedence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;один или два года&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  три или пять лет&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD&lt;/strong&gt;. Well, as Russian language has free word order, I'd better put it another way: &lt;strong&gt;the closest&lt;/strong&gt; number decides. For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Три года или пять&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Три или лет пять&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Лет пять или три&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  etc.etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-05-08T17:50:29.260" LastActivityDate="2016-05-08T17:50:29.260" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11712" CreationDate="2016-05-09T19:04:43.967" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add to Paul's answer, &quot;подвести&quot; can also mean &quot;to let [someone] down&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a figurative term, I think it comes from &quot;to walk [someone] under [something]&quot;, I don't remember what the origin of this particular use is, unfortunately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4029" LastActivityDate="2016-05-09T19:04:43.967" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12322" CreationDate="2016-05-09T19:17:50.657" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll give you an analogy: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в&lt;strong&gt;низ&lt;/strong&gt;у - below;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;на &lt;strong&gt;дне&lt;/strong&gt; - at the bottom.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would argue, that &quot;дно&quot; is a literal translation of &quot;bottom&quot;, while &quot;низ&quot; is a general term for any surface that's below you (or in relation to some object).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4029" LastActivityDate="2016-05-09T19:17:50.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12386" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12387" CreationDate="2016-05-10T00:01:09.110" Score="9" ViewCount="266" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reading a few Wikipedia articles I come across different ways to spell buckwheat. One is Гречка (which is what I use when talking about buckwheat) and Гречиха (which I have never heard of before). What is the difference between the two words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7114" LastActivityDate="2016-05-11T14:07:52.863" Title="Гречка or Гречиха" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12386" CreationDate="2016-05-10T04:39:52.657" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Buckwheat &lt;em&gt;plant&lt;/em&gt; is called &lt;strong&gt;гречиха&lt;/strong&gt;. It is cultivated for its &lt;em&gt;grain-like seeds&lt;/em&gt; called &lt;strong&gt;греча&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;гречка&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;гречневая крупа&lt;/strong&gt;) which we cook. The cooked buckwheat is called &lt;strong&gt;гречка, греча, гречневая каша.&lt;/strong&gt; There are also &lt;em&gt;гречневый продел&lt;/em&gt; (which is grated buckwheat grain) and &lt;em&gt;гречневая мука&lt;/em&gt; (buckwheat flour) used for cooking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2016-05-11T14:07:52.863" LastActivityDate="2016-05-11T14:07:52.863" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12375" CreationDate="2016-05-10T11:53:24.227" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Second translation is closer to the source. You can easily check yourself by doing following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) There is &quot;Институт горного дела имени А. А. Скочинского&quot;. Well, we can drop details for a while and say it's just &quot;Институт&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) We can also skip the part about the experiment (for a while of course, we will put it back later)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then we will get following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В Институте автором были поставлены опыты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The translation is quite obvious:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;At (the/an) Institute the author carried out experiments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's now put back details we dropped. &quot;Институт горного дела имени А. А. Скочинского&quot; can be translated using Wikipedia: find article about the Institute in the Russian wiki (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%90._%D0%90._%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here it is&lt;/a&gt;), go to english version, and check out its title: &quot;Skochinsky Institute of Mining&quot;. The part about the experiment... Not sure the translation is 100% correct, but looks fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After assembling things back we will get following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;At Skochinsky Institute of Mining the author carried out experiments on the effect of the transverse fluctuating velocities on atomization.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2016-05-10T11:53:24.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12389" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12390" CreationDate="2016-05-11T05:26:02.140" Score="8" ViewCount="17010" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do I say 'LOL' in russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7249" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T00:12:42.960" Title="How to say 'LOL' in russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12389" CreationDate="2016-05-11T13:44:56.057" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most obvious translation is just &quot;лол&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there are some malformed options: &quot;лал&quot;, &quot;лел&quot;, &quot;лiл&quot;, but they are not common, and I would not give advice to use them &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There exist a good analogue - &quot;ржунимагу&quot; (I can't stop laughing)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find other analogues there: &lt;a href=&quot;https://lurkmore.to/LOL&quot;&gt;https://lurkmore.to/LOL&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6131" LastActivityDate="2016-05-11T13:44:56.057" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12389" CreationDate="2016-05-11T13:58:58.163" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;• The most adequate Russian analog of 'LOL' is &lt;em&gt;ржунимагý&lt;/em&gt; which is the phonetic spelling of &lt;em&gt;ржу, не могу&lt;/em&gt;, '[I'm] nickering (literary 'neighing'), cannot [stop]'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• Another one is &lt;em&gt;пацталóм&lt;/em&gt; (= &lt;em&gt;под столом&lt;/em&gt;), '[laughing having fallen] under the table'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• One more variant is &lt;em&gt;бгг!&lt;/em&gt; which is a contracted way of writing &lt;em&gt;бу-га-гá!&lt;/em&gt;, onomatopoeia that imitates laughing out loud.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is &lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.to/LOL&quot;&gt;an article&lt;/a&gt; about 'LOL' on Lurkmore, a Russian Internet memes wiki.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-05-11T13:58:58.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12392" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-11T14:14:00.883" Score="3" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since there are many possible diminutive endings, how do Russians know which one to use for a word that has not yet been so modified?&#xA; For instance, if the English word &quot;blob&quot; (i.e. a formless, viscous drop or daub) is borrowed as &lt;strong&gt;блоб&lt;/strong&gt; and a Russian wants to indicate a smaller or repulsive version of it, how would she or he decide what to say or write - &lt;strong&gt;блобик&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;блобочка&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;блобец&lt;/strong&gt;, or something else?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6584" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-06T17:55:15.160" LastActivityDate="2016-06-07T08:15:44.073" Title="Diminutive of &quot;blob&quot; (and more general rule if it possible)" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12392" CreationDate="2016-05-11T14:29:54.477" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no formal rule. But if you borrow this word as 2nd declension male gender, then, I believe, you should conform to other nouns of such type. Say, &quot;мяч&quot;-&gt;&quot;мячик&quot;, &quot;конь&quot;-&gt;&quot;коник&quot; etc. So the most natural form sems to be &quot;блоб&quot;-&gt;&quot;блобик&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the alteration of consonants works for the borrowed words too, e.g. &quot;блог&quot;-&gt;&quot;бложик&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-05-11T14:29:54.477" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12392" CreationDate="2016-05-11T14:36:32.970" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In such a case, every person would use the form s/he likes. As for me, I would use &lt;em&gt;блóбка&lt;/em&gt;. As the word is used more and more with the course of time, one or two diminutives would remain, the rest of them would get stylistically marked, that is, acquire some connotations, like derisive, humiliating, not that little as one would expect, etc. It is not uncommon for Russian nouns to have more than one diminutive forms, e. g. from &lt;em&gt;книга&lt;/em&gt; such diminutives are possible: &lt;em&gt;книжка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;книжечка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;книженция&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;книжонка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;книжоночка&lt;/em&gt;, even &lt;em&gt;книжулька&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;книжулечка&lt;/em&gt;. The diminutive suffixes don't have any specific meaning, they are context-oriented, e. g. in some contexts, &lt;em&gt;книжечка&lt;/em&gt; can mean exactly what &lt;em&gt;книга&lt;/em&gt; means, in other contexts it can mean 'small book', in other 'good book', in other 'bad book', and also as many other variations of the idea of a book as the number of contexts possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-05-11T14:36:32.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12396" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12398" CreationDate="2016-05-12T11:11:01.533" Score="3" ViewCount="315" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know Accusative case is used for objects (I sure do hope I am using the proper term, as English is not my first language) and the Instrumental case is used for the tool with which the action is performed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what happens if the tool is the object?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am writing with a pen.&#xA;&lt;br/&gt;Я пишу ручкой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure if the sentence in Russian is correct, but either way - is pen/ручка in Accusative or Instrumental case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7254" LastActivityDate="2017-05-14T12:54:30.073" Title="Accusative vs Instrumental case" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12396" CreationDate="2016-05-12T11:20:17.663" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я держу ручку в руке − I am holding a pen in my hand&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The pen is the object in this sentence − it’s &lt;em&gt;being held&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, the pen is still assumed to be held, but it’s not the object in a sentence. There is no object in the sentence “Я пишу ручкой”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4108" LastActivityDate="2016-05-12T11:20:17.663" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12396" CreationDate="2016-05-12T12:13:54.273" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;A tool&quot; is just a special kind of &quot;an object&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;I am writing with a pen&lt;/em&gt;&quot; certainly means that &quot;&lt;em&gt;I am using a pen as a writing tool&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. So it's in Instrumental case: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я пишу ручкой&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Talking about cases usage in general unavoidably leads to oversimplification. There are too many exceptions and peculiarities. But if I still have to say something about Accusative case, you may think that it stands for &quot;the rest of objects&quot; which is not governed by &quot;more particular&quot; cases: Genitive, Dative, Instrumental or Prepositional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-05-12T12:13:54.273" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12403" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-13T07:00:19.073" Score="-2" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you translate: ...какие бы они там ни были?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7259" LastActivityDate="2016-05-13T09:40:57.233" Title="question about translation" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-05-13T17:09:12.190" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12404" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12403" CreationDate="2016-05-13T07:26:01.687" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without context I would imagine &lt;code&gt;whatever they were&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2016-05-13T07:26:01.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12403" CreationDate="2016-05-13T09:40:57.233" Score="-1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;regardless of their quality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Quality&quot; is not really good translatation, since &quot;какие&quot; is wider than &quot;quality&quot;. Anyway, &quot;какие бы они там ни были&quot; could be said in another words, &quot;вне зависимости от их качеств&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is how the construction is built:&#xA;&quot;Какие они есть&quot; = pointer to all possible qualities of the certain objects at the moment. For example, if referring to oranges, then it's color, aroma, weight and etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Какие они были&quot; = the same, but at the moment the one who says so has probably no access to the subject and cannot check whether the description it's still actual (for example, he does not know if oranges had rotten).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Какие бы они ни были&quot; = &quot;бы&quot; and &quot;ни&quot; indicates that the one who says so does not know and does not care. This part is hard to understand, but &quot;какие бы ни были&quot; is a common phrase indicating that the one who says so does not care about object qualities, he cares only about the object itself (no matter if they are rotten or green).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Какие бы они там ни были&quot; = &quot;Какие бы они ни были&quot;, additional &quot;там&quot; means that the objects for now are far away, which is why the speaker does not care about the objects quality at all. &quot;Какие бы они там ни были&quot; is very informal form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-05-13T09:40:57.233" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12407" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-13T11:08:11.450" Score="1" ViewCount="325" Body="&lt;p&gt;в чем разница между жёлтый и жёлтенький?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-05-14T08:42:15.280" LastActivityDate="2016-05-25T14:22:03.197" Title="Жёлтый vs желтенький" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12408" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12412" CreationDate="2016-05-13T11:19:50.540" Score="1" ViewCount="280" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подскажите пожалуйста, Что обозначает &quot;уж не тайное ли общество самоубийц?&quot; Я вижу очень часто, что есть такая конструкция: &quot;прилагательное + ли&quot;. Что это обозначает? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user7261" LastActivityDate="2016-05-26T07:47:13.877" Title="Значение частицы &quot;ли&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12407" CreationDate="2016-05-13T11:53:57.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Никакой разницы в цвете нет, вся разница в объекте, о котором идёт речь: если к нему применяется уменьшительно-ласкательное, его можно распространить и на прилагательное. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7262" LastActivityDate="2016-05-13T11:53:57.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12407" CreationDate="2016-05-13T13:55:47.003" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is the attitude of the speaker towards the color. While &lt;em&gt;жёлтый&lt;/em&gt; is neutral, the speaker has no special feelings or attitude towards the object being that yellow, calling an object &lt;em&gt;желтенький&lt;/em&gt; shows the speaker is not indifferent to the yellow of the object, the color seems somehow unusual, out-of-place, either too bright, too yellow, or not suitable for that object to be taken seriously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &lt;em&gt;желтенький&lt;/em&gt; can be used without any attitude connotations by children or young mothers who tend to use diminutive forms of every word, &quot;horsy/horsie, doggy, birdy&quot; style. In Russian, not only nouns and adjectives but even verbs can have diminutive forms, like «А вот вы что с утра любите &lt;em&gt;покушенькать&lt;/em&gt;?», 'And what do you like to eat in the morning?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-05-13T13:55:47.003" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12411" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12416" CreationDate="2016-05-13T14:15:39.933" Score="3" ViewCount="1267" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I recently read about indirect and direct speech. And here is a website with some examples. But Im confused on which form I should use in speech, the top one or the bottom one (See site). Normally I use the bottom one, but now I'm confused on which form is the most common in daily conversations. For example, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Студенты говорят: &quot;Мы хотим стабильности и мира.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Студенты говорят, что  они хотят стабильности и мира.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Бабушка сказала: &quot;Я хочу купить игрушку внуку.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бабушка сказала, что она хочет купить игрушку внуку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I'm always tempted to say &quot;что она хотела купить&quot; because that's how we do it in English. But really I'm just super confused on how to tell a story (who said what, etc) Nobody has ever told me I do it wrong, but after reading about indirect speech I'm very confused. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rus-on-line.ru/Exercises/Grammar/exer-gram-0068.html?box1=%F7%F2%EE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Site&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2016-05-14T09:08:11.690" Title="Reported Speech—How to use it?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12408" CreationDate="2016-05-13T14:29:37.487" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The particle &lt;em&gt;ли&lt;/em&gt; which is used to form general questions (aka Yes/No questions) and which can be translated into English as 'whether' does not form any constructions with adjectives. This particle is never used as the first word in a sentence. Since Russian has free word order, you normally begin a question with a theme, the word which names what you are inquiring about, then goes the description of the kind of information you would like to get about the theme. Actually, you can well do without the &lt;em&gt;ли&lt;/em&gt;, marking the theme by mere intonation, but if you do use &lt;em&gt;ли&lt;/em&gt;, you put it after the theme, and very often the theme is the adjective, you often need to know whether (&lt;em&gt;ли&lt;/em&gt;) the object possesses the quality described by the adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example &lt;em&gt;уж не тайное ли общество самоубийц?&lt;/em&gt; the &lt;em&gt;ли&lt;/em&gt; is put after &lt;em&gt;тайное&lt;/em&gt;, 'secret', which means the intention of the person who asks this question is to find out whether the society is &lt;em&gt;secret&lt;/em&gt; or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule of thumb is, if you see or hear a question with &lt;em&gt;ли&lt;/em&gt;, you have to confirm or negate the relevance of the fact expressed by the word after which the &lt;em&gt;ли&lt;/em&gt; is placed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-05-13T14:29:37.487" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12411" CreationDate="2016-05-13T15:34:33.877" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, formally Russian does not use sequence of tenses. Indirect speech just uses the same tense that is used in a direct speech. So,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бабушка сказала: &quot;Я хочу &lt;em&gt;(present, first person)&lt;/em&gt; купить игрушку внуку.&quot; =&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;Бабушка сказала, что она хочет &lt;em&gt;(present, third person)&lt;/em&gt; купить игрушку внуку.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бабушка сказала: &quot;Я хотела &lt;em&gt;(past, first person)&lt;/em&gt; купить игрушку внуку.&quot; = &lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;Бабушка сказала, что она хотела &lt;em&gt;(past, third person)&lt;/em&gt; купить игрушку внуку&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But informally, in casual speech, there's no problem if you use a sequence of tenses, most people won't even notice it. (Unless it is really important what time was used in the direct speech, or you're talking with a peculiarly pedantic person).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user5462" LastActivityDate="2016-05-13T15:34:33.877" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12407" CreationDate="2016-05-13T15:50:08.880" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;One more meaning of &quot;жёлтенький&quot;: it can refer to close shades of yellow, something like &quot;yellowish&quot;. &lt;br&gt;&#xA;Added: for example, if I am (informally) asked which of those button to click, my gut instinct is to answer &quot;жёлтенькую&quot;. If I answer &quot;жёлтую&quot;, I might get an odd look because there's no yellow button and the first one is beige or whatever. &lt;br&gt;. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/a8d5H.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/a8d5H.png&quot; alt=&quot;two awful buttons&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But agreed with Quassnoi♦, &quot;желтоватый&quot; is a more correct term here. It's just a bit longer to pronounce.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user5462" LastEditorDisplayName="user5462" LastEditDate="2016-05-13T17:21:23.840" LastActivityDate="2016-05-13T17:21:23.840" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12411" CreationDate="2016-05-13T17:02:20.110" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Instead of tense harmony, Old and Middle Russian had an evidential particle &lt;em&gt;де&lt;/em&gt; which was grammatically required to mark reported speech, both direct and indirect:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А сказал, дана, де, им в монастырь наша жаловальная грамота, а велено им по той нашей жаловальной грамоте ходити на Низ рекою Волгою судном до Казани и за Казань рыбы купите на монастырьской обиход по четыре тысечи рыб на год безпошлинно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И в розпросе, государь, скозала та девка: «Родам де есми, государь, руска, а имя де мне Аринка, а отца де у меня звали Иванам, крестьянин, и отца де, государь, у меня и матери не стала, а была де есми, государь, в Кашинском уезде в селе в Ыванковском у попа, Богданам завут, за дитяти места; и тот де, государь, миня поп Богдан отдал в Кашинском же уезде в Славки тотарину, Тушаем зовут, и тот де, государь, тотарин Тушай меня продал тому Енговату Бехкулакову»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Modern Russian does not require it grammatically (though you can still use it or another particle, &lt;em&gt;мол&lt;/em&gt;, to mark reported speech), but it did not acquire any other grammatical means to mark reported speech either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-05-13T17:02:20.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12411" CreationDate="2016-05-14T01:43:18.877" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In authentic, real-life daily conversations... neither.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Студенты говорят, они хотят стабильности и мира.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бабушка сказала, она хочет купить внуку игрушку.&lt;/strong&gt; (Even more true-to-life would be something like &lt;strong&gt;Бабушка сказала, она внуку игрушку хочет купить.&lt;/strong&gt; And &lt;strong&gt;сказала&lt;/strong&gt; would in all likelihood be pronounced &lt;code&gt;скаала&lt;/code&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You're unlikely to be taught this, and the forms of reported speech that you listed are the &quot;correct&quot; ones (although, one more thing, when the subject is the same in both clauses, it's usually more idiomatic to drop the pronoun: &lt;strong&gt;Студенты говорят, что хотят стабильности и мира.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Бабушка сказала, что хочет купить внуку игрушку.&lt;/strong&gt; With the pronoun in place, one intuitively expects more to follow, most likely a &quot;but&quot;.) These are the forms you should probably learn first — just be prepared for a slightly different syntax in &quot;live&quot; everyday Russian, and for not many people being able to concisely answer questions about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-05-14T01:43:18.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12411" CreationDate="2016-05-14T01:59:47.560" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that using reported speech in Russian is much easier than in English because there's no sequence of tenses.The tense of the reported verb doesn't depend on the tense in the main clause. So just imagine what you would say if there's &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;бабушка говорит&quot; or &quot;бабушка сказала&quot; and use &lt;strong&gt;the same tense&lt;/strong&gt; as in direct speech but don't forget to change pronouns and make the verb agreement respectively:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я &lt;strong&gt;хочу&lt;/strong&gt; купить–&lt;em&gt;что она &lt;strong&gt;хочет&lt;/strong&gt; купить&lt;/em&gt;, я &lt;strong&gt;хотела&lt;/strong&gt; купить – &lt;em&gt;что она &lt;strong&gt;хотела&lt;/strong&gt; купить&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can't be easier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-05-14T09:08:11.690" LastActivityDate="2016-05-14T09:08:11.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12419" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12421" CreationDate="2016-05-14T17:30:04.533" Score="6" ViewCount="430" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was told that the soft sign makes the preceding consonant soft. I understand why it used at the end of words (царь, гулять, здесь) or before consonants (огоньки, письмо). But why is the soft sign used between a consonant and a soft-indicating vowel (like ю and ё) in words like &quot;ком&lt;strong&gt;пью&lt;/strong&gt;теры&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;пьё&lt;/strong&gt;т&quot;? Wouldn't the consonant before the soft sign already be pronounced soft because of the soft-indicating vowel coming after it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I read it has something to do with &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iotation&quot;&gt;iotation&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, but I couldn't figure out what that means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7163" LastActivityDate="2016-05-14T21:12:01.053" Title="What is the use of the soft sign in front of (soft-indicating) vowels, in words like &quot;компьютеры&quot; and &quot;пьёт&quot;?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12419" CreationDate="2016-05-14T18:51:32.403" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;After soft and hard sign and after other vowels, vowels е, ё, ю, я are iotized and read [й'э], [й'о], [й'у], [й'а] respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-05-14T18:56:35.987" LastActivityDate="2016-05-14T18:56:35.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12419" CreationDate="2016-05-14T21:12:01.053" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;A soft or hard sign before a vowel indicates the palatal approximant &lt;em&gt;[j]&lt;/em&gt;. This is the first sound in the English word &quot;year&quot; which makes it distinct from &quot;ear&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian words &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.forvo.com/word/%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B4/#ru&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;лёд&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &quot;ice&quot; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.forvo.com/word/%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82/#ru&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;льёт&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &quot;(he) pours&quot; are pronounced &lt;em&gt;[lʲɵt]&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;[lʲjɵt]&lt;/em&gt;, appropriately. They only differ in that one sound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hard sign in modern Russian is only used on morpheme boundaries, separating the roots starting with &lt;em&gt;е, ё, ю, я&lt;/em&gt; from some preceding morphemes ending in a hard consonant; and, sometimes, in transcriptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usage of a hard versus soft sign is, hence, etymological rather than phonetical. Techically, one is supposed to pronounce a palatalized (soft) consonant before a soft sign and non-palatalized (hard) before a hard sign, however, in practice, many Russian speakers soften consonants preceding &lt;em&gt;[j]&lt;/em&gt; even if it's denoted by a hard sign. Most Russian speakers would pronounce the first consonant in &lt;em&gt;адъютант&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;адью&lt;/em&gt; exactly the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-05-14T21:12:01.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12422" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12425" CreationDate="2016-05-15T04:23:08.337" Score="6" ViewCount="845" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Never write unstressed 'o' after the letters, ж, ч, ш, щ, ц, instead use 'e'&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So are we supposed to still pronounce it like an &quot;o&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that the answer is yes when the vowel is stressed, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;нашЁл&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but what about when it is unstressed? for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;хорошЕе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, since most people write &quot;е&quot; instead &quot;ё&quot; even when there is supposed to be stress,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;how are you supposed to know if the letter &quot;e&quot; is pronounced like an actual &quot;e&quot; or like an &quot;o&quot;?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why doesn't Russian have an additional letter for soft o, or just write &quot;ио&quot; or &quot;ьо&quot; instead of &quot;е/ё&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-05-16T07:44:47.273" LastActivityDate="2020-10-02T20:54:25.280" Title="Pronunciation of Spelling Rule &quot;е&quot; vs &quot;о&quot; vs &quot;ё&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;буква-ё&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12423" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12408" CreationDate="2016-05-15T05:01:08.000" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally ли has many meanings, but in the sentence you brought, I'd rather look at the construct &lt;strong&gt;&quot;уж не ... ли ...&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. This specific construct is usually there to either emphasize suspicion in which the speaker is somewhat sure, or to convey sarcasm or skepticism. The first meaning could be translated to English quite straight forward. Translating sarcasm or skepticism is more tricky. Let's try your sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;уж не тайное ли общество самоубийц?&quot;&lt;/em&gt; could mean that person came to conclusion that s/he is indeed dealing with &quot;secret suicide society&quot; (the emphasis is not on secret here, but on the fact that he discovered what s/he is dealing with), but they cannot be 100% sure, so they convey their suspicion. E.g. &lt;em&gt;&quot;could it be a secret suicide society?&quot;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;&quot;I wonder if it's a secret suicide society&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if your text means this more in a sarcastic or skeptical way, where person is trying to say that secret suicide society is sort of irrelevant nonsense, then a more appropriate translation would be sceptic &lt;em&gt;&quot;are you trying to (blame it) on secret suicide society?&quot;&lt;/em&gt; or sarcastic &lt;em&gt;&quot;and it was a secret suicide society of course&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6625" LastActivityDate="2016-05-15T05:01:08.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12422" CreationDate="2016-05-15T06:25:21.403" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;but what about when it is unstressed? for example: хорошЕе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no soft &quot;ш&quot; in modern Russian, so &quot;е&quot; works just like &quot;э&quot; here: &quot;&lt;em&gt;харошэйэ&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Some historical or dialect pronounce may differ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also, since most people write &quot;е&quot; instead &quot;ё&quot; even when there is supposed to be stress, how are you supposed to know if the letter &quot;e&quot; is pronounced like an actual &quot;e&quot; or like an &quot;o&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just remember. No other magic here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why doesn't Russian have an additional letter for soft o, or just write &quot;ио&quot; or &quot;ьо&quot; instead of &quot;е/ё&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, some borrowed words are spelled with &quot;ьо&quot;, for example &quot;бульон&quot; (bouillon), pronounced the same way as if it were &quot;бульён&quot;. Letter ё is usually avoided in borrowed words because in writing it can be confused with e, and the readers unfamiliar with foreign languages may genuinely think they should pronounce e there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-05-15T07:39:17.900" LastActivityDate="2016-05-15T07:39:17.900" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12422" CreationDate="2016-05-15T07:42:49.837" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should notice that 'ё' is always stressed. If it is not stressed it becomes 'е' everywhere, both in writing and pronunciation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-10-02T20:54:25.280" LastActivityDate="2020-10-02T20:54:25.280" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12427" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-15T16:20:29.443" Score="2" ViewCount="175" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/9f7we6n.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Picture taken during a tour of the Chernobyl facility. I assume it is in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7274" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-05-15T21:10:16.723" LastActivityDate="2016-05-15T21:10:16.723" Title="What does this say?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-05-15T22:47:02.897" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12427" CreationDate="2016-05-15T18:17:33.497" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an abbreviation for &quot;послеоперационная палата&quot; which means &quot;postoperating room&quot;, &quot;recovery room&quot; in hospital.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7275" LastEditorUserId="7275" LastEditDate="2016-05-15T18:48:31.940" LastActivityDate="2016-05-15T18:48:31.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12422" CreationDate="2016-05-16T07:43:55.880" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why doesn't Russian have an additional letter for soft o, or just write &quot;ио&quot; or &quot;ьо&quot; instead of &quot;е/ё&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this is because of historical reasons. &quot;Ё&quot; was suggested in 1783 by non-linguists to denote a situation when old-style pronunciation (and writing rules) required letter &quot;е&quot; to be written in this position, but modern pronunciation shifted to йо/ьо instead. I think a matter of visual similarity to letter О was not considered at those times. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, other letters are also non-paired in modern writing: а/я у/ю э/е.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2016-05-16T07:43:55.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12430" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-16T09:00:05.517" Score="2" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is Splash Page in Russian (IT)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7277" LastActivityDate="2016-05-16T09:00:05.517" Title="How is Splash Page in Russian (IT)?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2016-05-16T10:41:40.387" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12407" CreationDate="2016-05-16T14:32:49.097" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;На мой взгляд слово желтенький, как и вообще прилагательные с суффиксом &quot;еньк&quot; не несет в себе никакого грамматического смысла, и используется по какой-то непонятной причине в лексиконе женщин. Если нужно словами передать блеклый оттенок желтого цвета то правильно будет сказать &quot;желтоватый&quot;, но уж никак не &quot;желтенький&quot;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако есть некоторые устоявшиеся слова с суффиксом &quot;еньк&quot;, например: &#xA;маленький, старенький.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4674" LastEditorUserId="4674" LastEditDate="2016-05-16T14:37:49.483" LastActivityDate="2016-05-16T14:37:49.483" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12432" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15273" CreationDate="2016-05-16T18:36:04.547" Score="6" ViewCount="513" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does походить mean to be similar in appearance to&quot;? When would you use the verb and when would you use the adjective &quot;похожий&quot;? I don'y quite get the logic being why a motion verb means to be similar in appearance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to say &quot;Он походит на отца&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;how is that different from &quot;он похож на отца&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-05-16T22:30:14.797" LastActivityDate="2017-11-23T08:10:32.373" Title="What's the logic behind &quot;походить&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12432" CreationDate="2016-05-16T19:11:41.577" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;он похож на отца&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is OK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;oн походит на отца&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is weird and too bookish. The verb походить (in the meaning be alike) is too bookish and somewhat outdated in general. The common meaning of походить is to be visiting some place for a while like in &quot;я походил на курсы немецкого языка, но ничему не научился&quot; or &quot;walk over something for a while&quot; like in &quot;я походил по улице ещё час и пошел домой&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-05-24T10:51:14.690" LastActivityDate="2016-05-24T10:51:14.690" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12434" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12432" CreationDate="2016-05-16T19:16:16.413" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Походить is in the class of Russian abstract verbs. Its counterparts,&#xA;  идти and пойти, are concrete verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My impression is that походить expresses something along the lines of &quot;to walk (in step with something)&quot;; so to say &quot;Они походят&quot; would translate to something like &quot;They are walking (in tune/in step/in line)&quot;, i.e. they are similar to each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for when to use походить or похож, the verb form is more antiquated, used primarily in literary contexts while похож is most common in colloquial speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6682" LastEditorUserId="6682" LastEditDate="2016-05-17T20:00:12.160" LastActivityDate="2016-05-17T20:00:12.160" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12435" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12436" CreationDate="2016-05-17T23:27:51.920" Score="5" ViewCount="222" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would you counter someone that says something false, such as, &quot;You don't speak Russian,&quot; then you say, &quot;I &lt;strong&gt;do&lt;/strong&gt; speak Russian!&quot;? But how do you emphasize the &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; part?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastEditorUserId="6816" LastEditDate="2016-05-18T00:36:55.997" LastActivityDate="2016-05-18T03:37:38.577" Title="How to emphasize the word &quot;do&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12436" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12435" CreationDate="2016-05-18T00:34:51.143" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no such thing like &quot;do&quot; as an auxiliary verb in Russian, thus, there's not such thing like direct analog. But here's a list of phrases than more or less convey the same as the &quot;I do&quot; construction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;(colloquial)&lt;/em&gt; А вот и [нет,] говорю!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;(even more colloquial, even childish)&lt;/em&gt;  - Очень даже и говорю!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;(more neutral)&lt;/em&gt; Да нет, [почему], говорю. (The same &quot;отчего же, говорю&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;(bookish)&lt;/em&gt; Напротив, говорю.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;(even more bookish)&lt;/em&gt; Отнюдь, говорю.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2016-05-18T00:34:51.143" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12435" CreationDate="2016-05-18T03:37:38.577" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This kind of &quot;do&quot; is not indicated in the text. All possible variants are either bookish or colloquial. An exact equivalent is emphasized by intonation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вы не говорите по-русски.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я́&lt;/strong&gt; говорю. (default is &quot;Я говорю́&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additional words, such as &quot;-то&quot; in &quot;я-то говорю&quot; instead of the intonation change indicates the intention of the speaker to argue. Only the intonation change is as plain and simple, as &quot;do&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-05-18T03:37:38.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12439" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12441" CreationDate="2016-05-18T21:27:40.237" Score="7" ViewCount="731" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to some resources I have you use the Dative case after a lot of verbs that mean an action pointed towards a person, like the &quot;to gift&quot; verb. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Виктор мешает брату.&#xA;&lt;br/&gt;&quot;брат&quot; is in Dative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But at the same time I know that you use Accusative case for direct objects, i.e. the object of the action (and, subsequently, Dative for the indirect object). So in the example given above &quot;брат&quot; is clearly the direct object, so why isn't it in Accusative case? Is it just one of many &quot;exceptions&quot; that need to be remembered that go with the Dative, instead of the Accusative?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Removed the &quot;to hate&quot; and &quot;to love&quot; verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7254" LastEditorUserId="7254" LastEditDate="2016-05-19T13:42:12.923" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T04:40:54.670" Title="Accusative vs Dative case" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12439" CreationDate="2016-05-19T02:42:08.120" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The so called law about direct and indirect objects is good only to explain things post-factum.  You cannot use the law to predict anything.  Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Виктор учит студентов физике.  (Студенты is in accusative, физика is in dative)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Виктор преподаёт студентам физику. (Студенты is in dative, физика is in accusaive)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that Victor does the same thing in both cases.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should just remember which verbs govern dative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2016-05-19T02:42:08.120" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12439" CreationDate="2016-05-19T10:58:52.440" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Виктор мешает брату. = Victor mixes [things] to his brother.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мешает means mixes or messes. In this case the direct object is omitted. Victor mixes or messes some things with which his brother is doing something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you say Виктор мешает брата (accusative) this would mean Victor is mixing his brother. Like if he were cooking his brother in a pot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-05-19T11:08:09.417" LastActivityDate="2016-05-19T11:08:09.417" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12392" CreationDate="2016-05-19T11:33:33.943" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not know how to construct a repulsive version using diminutive. It would be rather augmentative that would be repulsive (блобище).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The natural diminutive here is блобик. It is rather sympathetic than repulsive.&#xA;Блобочка is of different gender, it is a diminutive of a would-be word &quot;блоба&quot; which does not exist. Блобец is somewhat ironic but also underlines unvanishing and/or problematic existence of the object. It is something a thing, you know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-06T17:55:35.803" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T17:55:35.803" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12444" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12447" CreationDate="2016-05-19T13:44:08.207" Score="6" ViewCount="737" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand the declension of что --  it's inanimate/неодушевлённый, so of course it should be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nom: что&#xA;Acc: что&#xA;Gen: чего&#xA;Dat: чему&#xA;Inst: чем&#xA;Prep: чём&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likewise  кто is animate/одушевлённый, so it should be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nom: кто&#xA;Acc: кoго&#xA;Gen: кoго&#xA;Dat: кoму&#xA;Inst: кем&#xA;Prep: кoм&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are basically just modified versions of the standard masculine adjective declension pattern (somewhat like the declension of &quot;день&quot; -- the nominative is irregular, but everything else is normal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if что is inanimate, then shouldn't also &quot;ничто&quot; be inanimate/неодушевлённый? And yet &quot;ничто&quot; always seems to be declined as if it were &lt;em&gt;animate&lt;/em&gt;/одушевлённый (кто and никто don't have this consistency issue, for example).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, I have noticed that &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;ничего&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is almost always used for the &lt;em&gt;accusative&lt;/em&gt; form of ничто, even though I would have only expected it to  be used for the genitive form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone help me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; Here are some (probably incorrect) examples of what I am talking about:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это не возможно делать эту задачу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but/а  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это не возможно делать ничего.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; Here is a related question on this website which phrases the issue better than I do:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/2807/direct-object-of-negated-verbs-takes-which-case&quot;&gt;Direct object of negated verbs takes which case?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://ielanguages.com/russian2.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this website:&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In &quot;proper&quot; Russian, the direct object of the negated verb is supposed to be put into the genitive case regardless of gender. This doesn't always happen in speech, but it is nonetheless recommended, particularly in writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently this is also an issue in other Slavic languages: &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.wordreference.com/threads/all-slavic-languages-genitive-after-negated-verbs.710336/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://forum.wordreference.com/threads/all-slavic-languages-genitive-after-negated-verbs.710336/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And apparently it is also a very complicated issue in Russian, since there has been much linguistic research (apparently for even more than a century) into when and why the genitive is sometimes used for the direct objects of negated verbs, and it seems like basically there are no hard-and-fast rules and whatever rules exist are rapidly changing over time: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://people.umass.edu/partee/docs/SLS06_handout.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://people.umass.edu/partee/docs/SLS06_handout.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.academia.edu/5479874/Changing_semantic_factors_in_case_selection_Russian_evidence_from_the_last_two_centuries&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.academia.edu/5479874/Changing_semantic_factors_in_case_selection_Russian_evidence_from_the_last_two_centuries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This feature of Russian might explain why genitive is usually listed before accusative in declension tables written in Russian, since the genitive is in some cases associated with direct objects. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I asked my native-speaker friend about this, they gave one answer, then decided that answer was wrong, gave the opposite answer, and then admitted that they don't know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the accusative is used always for direct objects in other languages, and it is used sometimes for the direct objects of negated verbs in Russian, and there is no 100% rule mandating that the genitive must be used for such direct objects, I think I am probably just going to always use the accusative for the direct object, regardless of whether the verb is negated or not, and let the chips fall where they may. It doesn't seem like there is any practical advantage to using two different cases for direct objects anyway, whereas there are many obvious disadvantages to such a system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-09-06T16:18:43.353" Title="Почему так часто &quot;ничего&quot; а не &quot;ничто&quot;? (Why &quot;ничего&quot; and not &quot;ничто&quot;?)" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12444" CreationDate="2016-05-19T15:24:51.717" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;On my map the accusative of ничто is still ничто. Example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Из-за кризиса все облигации превратились в ничто.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot come with an example where ничто would be in accusative but having the form ничего.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-05-19T15:24:51.717" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12444" CreationDate="2016-05-19T15:52:30.017" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Ничто&amp;quot; can be used as  zero, void.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;ничего&amp;quot; is accusative word &amp;quot;ничто&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;Ничего&amp;quot; can be used as assessment of what is happening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-&amp;quot;что произошло?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-&amp;quot;Ничего.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also used to express inability to doing something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я ничего не умею.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7299" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-05-19T15:52:30.017" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12444" CreationDate="2016-05-19T16:56:52.737" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Negation of existense (i.e. &quot;no such thing&quot;) in Russian requires Genitive. &lt;em&gt;Ничего&lt;/em&gt; is Genitive. That's it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Accusative &lt;em&gt;Ничто&lt;/em&gt; is a special object. It isn't nothing. It's Nothing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the difference may seem very subtle for English speakers. Consider&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ничто&lt;/em&gt; на земле не проходит бесследно --&gt; Nothing on earth goes without leaving a trace&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И поэтому знаю: со мной &lt;em&gt;ничего&lt;/em&gt; не случится! --&gt; And so I know that nothing [bad] happens to me!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-05-20T10:59:17.987" LastActivityDate="2016-05-20T10:59:17.987" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12448" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-20T08:31:27.350" Score="8" ViewCount="1203" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a Polish native speaker. I have a pretty good passive understanding of written Russian. I have however a terrible pronunciation, especially with regards to stress (it always falls on the penultimate syllable in Polish). I believe I could improve it by reading texts that have stress markings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any editions of classic Russian literature that feature stress markings? Both paper and electronic editions would interest me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="145" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-10-02T20:54:35.433" LastActivityDate="2020-10-02T20:54:35.433" Title="Russian classic literature with stress markings" Tags="&lt;литература&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-10-02T21:21:20.030" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12449" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12448" CreationDate="2016-05-20T10:57:25.147" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to propose you a better solution of the problem &lt;a href=&quot;http://morpher.ru/accentizer/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://morpher.ru/accentizer/&lt;/a&gt; - this program makes stress marks in every Russian text. Or Google: Тексты с ударениями &#xA;For example &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82_%D1%81_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/Толстый_и_тонкий_(Чехов,_текст_с_ударениями)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7283" LastEditorUserId="7283" LastEditDate="2016-05-20T13:56:51.203" LastActivityDate="2016-05-20T13:56:51.203" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-10-02T21:21:20.030" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12448" CreationDate="2016-05-20T20:16:28.407" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should look for books labeled &quot;Russian for foreigners&quot; (Русский язык для иностранцев). They are available for sale quite cheaply, for instance, at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_search/?q=%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%20%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;litres.ru&lt;/a&gt;. Not all of them have stresses marked, but after registration you may preview samples and see for yourself. Audiobooks are there as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="587" LastActivityDate="2016-05-20T20:16:28.407" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-10-02T21:21:20.030" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12432" CreationDate="2016-05-20T20:25:39.490" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Он походит на отца. Это значит, что характер, поведение такое же самое как у отца.&#xA;Он похож на отца. Значит он внешне похож на отца.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4999" LastActivityDate="2016-05-20T20:25:39.490" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12439" CreationDate="2016-05-20T20:43:42.583" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это непереходные глаголы и они требуют дательного падежа. брату не direct object.&#xA;Глагол мешать имеет два значения:&#xA;Мешать что-то - переходный: Мешать кашу.&#xA;Мешать кому-то - непереходный: Мешать брату.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://ru.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/мешать&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4999" LastEditorUserId="4999" LastEditDate="2016-05-20T20:56:45.147" LastActivityDate="2016-05-20T20:56:45.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12454" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-21T10:58:25.810" Score="3" ViewCount="295" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard the phrase during the conversation of two teenagers. One was saying to the other, &quot;Я веду разгульный образ жизни. Не знаю плохо это или хорошо.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does that mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7242" LastActivityDate="2016-06-12T05:18:34.227" Title="What is the meaning of the phrase &quot;разгульный образ жизни&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;фраза&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12454" CreationDate="2016-05-21T11:20:33.607" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means something like &lt;code&gt;rackety life&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я веду разгульный образ жизни.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I live a rackety life.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-05-21T11:20:33.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12454" CreationDate="2016-05-21T11:31:41.227" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Разгульный образ жизни can be translated into English as &lt;em&gt;a dissolute or rakish way of life&lt;/em&gt; but it is less negative than  that. It is perhaps &quot;easy&quot; or sometimes even &quot;wild&quot; behaviour of a person who devotes his life to all kinds of  non-stop entertainment, eating out, drinking,parties,dancing, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-05-21T11:31:41.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12457" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12458" CreationDate="2016-05-21T14:21:16.573" Score="5" ViewCount="432" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see this a lot in the context of computer programs. My original guess was that it stood for something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;программа операции&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;meaning something like operating system (i.e. &quot;ПО=OS&quot;), but it seems to appear in the context of general computer programs, not just operating systems, so I really am not sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried googling it but found it difficult to find a useful result since it has the same spelling as the obviously very common preposition по.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you very much for your time and help -- I really appreciate it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-05-22T09:55:48.530" LastActivityDate="2016-05-25T23:38:49.083" Title="Что значит &quot;ПО&quot;? (What does the abbreviation &quot;ПО&quot; stand for?)" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;it&gt;&lt;терминология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12457" CreationDate="2016-05-21T14:23:28.413" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this context, &quot;ПО&quot; stands for &quot;программное обеспечение&quot;, i.e. &quot;software&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3528" LastActivityDate="2016-05-21T14:23:28.413" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12347" CreationDate="2016-05-23T06:38:01.993" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Корпус русского языка находит 29 текстов со словом &quot;пленэр&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из них в одном тексте некий &quot;пленэр-мемориал&quot; (текст Пелевина), и ещё в 4 имя собственное.  Из 24 релевантных текстов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в 16 - рисование на открытом воздухе (&lt;code&gt;поехал на пленэр&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;он на пленэре&lt;/code&gt; и т. п.) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в 7 - другое мероприятие на открытом воздухе (пикник, спектакль и т. д.) или просто пребывание на открытом воздухе&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В одном тексте 1916 года точный смысл трудно понять:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;На снегу писать — все иное получается. Вон пишут на снегу силуэтами... А на снегу все пропитано светом. Все в рефлексах лиловых и розовых. Вон как одежда боярыни Морозовой, верхняя, черная, и рубахи в толпе. Все пленэр. Я с 1878 го­да уже пленэристом стал. «Стрельцов» тоже на воздухе писал. Все с натуры писал: и сани, и дровни.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(В любом случае, текст столетней давности вряд ли актуален.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ни в одном случае (кроме, может быть, последнего) пленэр не означает ни картину, ни технику.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для полноты следует искать слово пленэр во всех падежах и в обоих числах, предоставляю это автору вопроса.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2016-05-23T06:43:53.497" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T06:43:53.497" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12461" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12462" CreationDate="2016-05-23T10:12:13.440" Score="7" ViewCount="537" Body="&lt;p&gt;Перед союзом &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;как&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; запятая не ставится, если оборот входит в состав фразеологизма.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;Верный как пёс&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; по всей видимости является фразеологизмом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тогда во фразе &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;У меня есть братаны, верные как псы&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; после &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;верные&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; запятая не ставится. Это так?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7267" LastEditorUserId="7267" LastEditDate="2020-10-15T14:45:39.637" LastActivityDate="2020-10-15T14:45:39.637" Title="Запятая в обороте &quot;братан верный как пёс&quot;" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12461" CreationDate="2016-05-23T17:00:34.030" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This depends on which grammatical role you are using &lt;em&gt;как псы&lt;/em&gt; in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you mean your have buddies who are very loyal to you, and &lt;em&gt;верные как псы&lt;/em&gt; is just a synonym to &lt;em&gt;очень верные&lt;/em&gt;, you should not use a comma here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Черные как ночь (&lt;em&gt;= очень чёрные&lt;/em&gt;), могучие «абердино-ангусы», под ними земля дрожала, до тонны весом быки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you mean your buddies are loyal to you in a doggish way and &lt;em&gt;верные как псы&lt;/em&gt; is a synonym to &lt;em&gt;по-собачьи верные&lt;/em&gt;, you should not use a comma either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Японец с палкой вдруг зашипел как змея (&lt;em&gt;= по-змеиному&lt;/em&gt;) и что было сил треснул Петькиного япошку по голове.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, if you mean that your buddies are loyal to you as dogs are loyal to their master (in some way which you are probably going to describe), i.e. it's neither a simile nor a manner, but a true comparison, you should use a comma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-05-23T17:00:34.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12463" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12464" CreationDate="2016-05-24T09:00:33.623" Score="5" ViewCount="1297" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think I missed this point in my first year of study. Is it correct to say: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;я был в стадионе на футболе&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I learned that на goes with words like стадионе, but today one of my roommates mentioned that we can use &quot;в&quot; here. Why is that? His teacher said it's proper to say &quot;в&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm aware that it's correct to say: &quot;Я ее видел в автобусе&quot;. Is the above similar case? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-05-25T22:26:25.143" LastActivityDate="2016-05-25T22:26:25.143" Title="&quot;Я был в стадионе&quot; - is it correct?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12463" CreationDate="2016-05-24T09:04:10.860" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There might be a misunderstanding here. On the one hand, there is no way, ever, you'd say &lt;strong&gt;в стадионе&lt;/strong&gt; unless it's in the abstract, e.g. &lt;strong&gt;не видеть необходимости в новом стадионе&lt;/strong&gt;. Only in that non-locational, abstract usage. The logic of &lt;strong&gt;в автобусе&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't apply here: even when really pressed to use an &quot;in&quot; word, you'd prefer &lt;strong&gt;внутри стадиона&lt;/strong&gt; to &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, a &lt;em&gt;specific&lt;/em&gt; stadium when mentioned by name can require &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;. In fact, I think most do: &lt;strong&gt;в «Лужниках»&lt;/strong&gt; vs. &lt;strong&gt;на стадионе «Лужники»&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-05-24T09:04:10.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12463" CreationDate="2016-05-24T09:37:41.950" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usage of &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; is basically something you learn with the word itself, that is some words go with &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;, others go with &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;, and you just have to learn it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most broad distinction is that &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; is generally used with open-space objects (like &lt;em&gt;стадион&lt;/em&gt; in your example), while &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; is used with enclosures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this is very vague and exceptions are so numerous that it's just better to say the preposition is something you learn with the word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With some words the usage of the preposition varies with the speech register (prison argots use &lt;em&gt;на тюрьме, на зоне, на больнице&lt;/em&gt;, while normative Russian uses &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;); regional and municipal preferences (&lt;em&gt;в Украине, на Лобне, на Сходне&lt;/em&gt;); awareness of tradition and etymology (&lt;em&gt;на ФГУП, на Физтехе&lt;/em&gt;) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in your case, &lt;em&gt;на стадионе&lt;/em&gt; is correct and &lt;em&gt;*в стадионе&lt;/em&gt; is not, same as &lt;em&gt;(я видёл её) в автобусе&lt;/em&gt; is correct and &lt;em&gt;*(я видел её) на автобусе&lt;/em&gt; is not, just because there very words require these very prepositions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-05-24T09:37:41.950" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12432" CreationDate="2016-05-24T09:47:11.203" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both sentences sound absolutely perfect to me. It really matters what you put after &quot;походить&quot;.&#xA;Походить на is to have something in common with someone , to be alike.&#xA;Походить по горам, Походить по магазинам.  To walk in the mountains. Do shopping , in a sense of walking from one shop to another without necessary buying anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7313" LastEditorUserId="7313" LastEditDate="2016-05-24T10:49:07.777" LastActivityDate="2016-05-24T10:49:07.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12469" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12454" CreationDate="2016-05-25T23:13:24.073" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To me this means the person likes to go to wild parties, abuses all kinds of substances, is promiscuous, does not hold a steady job, have a business, or attend school, and generally does not go out of his or her way to be a contributing member of society. If you asked me to make up a sentence with it, the first thing that comes to mind is something along the lines of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Суд лишил её родительских прав, так как она вела разгульный образ жизни.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The court took away her parental rights as she lived a &lt;em&gt;I am having a hard time coming up with a concise, fairly common, well understood, and accurate adjective, I do not want to use &quot;rackety&quot; because it is not as common in English as &quot;разгульный&quot; in Russian but you get the idea&lt;/em&gt; life.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word гулять literally means to walk around for pleasure without a purpose, but can also mean to party in a wild manner. разгульный comes from the same root as гулять.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6280" LastActivityDate="2016-05-25T23:13:24.073" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12454" CreationDate="2016-05-25T23:13:42.973" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;the word &quot;разгул&quot; is mostly coincide by meaning with the word revelry.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So &quot;разгульный образ жизни&quot; is a style of life when revelry is present most to compare to other activities.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastActivityDate="2016-05-25T23:13:42.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12472" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12408" CreationDate="2016-05-26T07:47:13.877" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;ли&quot; is an auxiliary particle for help making questions from statements.&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;in this context &quot;уж не тайное ли (pointed object) общество самоубийц?&quot;, &quot;ли&quot; may mean &quot;whether&quot; or &quot;if&quot; by sense - &quot;(pointed object) should be a secret suicide society, is'nt it?&quot;. by putting this particle just near the questionable subject (or if to be precise, enclosing questionable subject in the pair &quot;уж не ... ли&quot;), the speaker try to introduce an additional question tone to this subject making this statement an ironical or mockery one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastActivityDate="2016-05-26T07:47:13.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12473" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12475" CreationDate="2016-05-26T10:40:54.283" Score="10" ViewCount="1026" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the best/proper way to express &lt;strong&gt;wallet&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've asked my Russian speaking friends and they say &lt;strong&gt;кошелёк&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;портмоне&lt;/strong&gt;. Google Translate suggests &lt;strong&gt;бумажник&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the differences?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T19:19:15.740" Title="&quot;Wallet&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12473" CreationDate="2016-05-26T11:22:43.993" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Портмоне and бумажник are synonyms. In fact, they are correct translations for wallet. They are used to keep paper money and other things like credit cards, business cards and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JFuwD.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JFuwD.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кошелек is a bit different. It is also used for keeping money, but it usually has a larger place for coins. Nowadays it looks closer to портмоне, but it is usually smaller. Wikipedia reads that you have to fold a banknote to put it into кошелек, while you don't have to fold paper money when putting it into портмоне or бумажник.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Wi7tN.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Wi7tN.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jFKc0.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jFKc0.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-05-26T11:34:02.263" LastActivityDate="2016-05-26T11:34:02.263" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12473" CreationDate="2016-05-26T11:32:02.563" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Бумажник&quot; is a wallet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Кошелёк&quot; is a purse or a wallet. If you just need a term for &quot;wherever you carry the money&quot;, &quot;кошелёк&quot; sounds more natural than &quot;бумажник&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Портмоне&quot; sounds fancy. It's mostly used in literature and ads, and calling your own wallet &quot;портмоне&quot; might be perceived as a bit pompous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user5462" LastActivityDate="2016-05-26T11:32:02.563" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12473" CreationDate="2016-05-26T11:40:41.300" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кошелёк&lt;/em&gt; is any small case for carrying money and paper around in your pocket or purse. It's a broader term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Портмоне&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;бумажник&lt;/em&gt;) is &quot;wallet&quot;: a specific type of such a case, a flat, foldable case primarily designed to hold flat items such as paper money and credit cards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All three translations are acceptable, but &lt;em&gt;портмоне&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;бумажник&lt;/em&gt; are more precise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кошелёк&lt;/em&gt; is also better suited for translation of &quot;wallet&quot; in metaphorical sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, names of numerous payment services which use &quot;wallet&quot; in English (Google Wallet, Qiwi Wallet etc.) are usually translated using &lt;em&gt;кошелёк&lt;/em&gt; into Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-05-27T06:55:54.180" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T06:55:54.180" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12473" CreationDate="2016-05-26T23:50:42.420" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;in common everyday speech &quot;бумажник&quot; for wallet is more preferable. google was right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastActivityDate="2016-05-26T23:50:42.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12389" CreationDate="2016-05-27T00:12:42.960" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;you can say anything with word ржу (ржать, ржачный, угараю, угарать, угар, угарный), adding necessary definitions on a thing you are laughing about.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вот это угар&quot; - this is for real (LOL)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Угараю (не могу)&quot; - cracking, can't help myself&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Оборжаться&quot; - yeah, LOL&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ржачный прикол&quot; ~ that's awesome (gag, prank), this (gag, prank is) awesome&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and some other, you can catch them in chat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T00:12:42.960" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12375" CreationDate="2016-05-27T00:28:06.120" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;автором - by the author&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;В Институте горного дела имени А. А. Скочинского автором были поставлены опыты по исследованию влияния поперечных пульсационных скоростей на распыливание.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In the A.A. Skochinsky institution of mining works, &lt;em&gt;the author&lt;/em&gt; have conducted the experiments relating to researches of impacting ￼transversal impulse speeds over atomization.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;the experiments were carried out by the author of the paper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;what made you think that some scientist is conducting the experiments? there is no word indicating that any scientist is present out there. the author have completed these experiments alone. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastEditorUserId="4188" LastEditDate="2016-05-27T00:37:50.937" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T00:37:50.937" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12369" CreationDate="2016-05-27T00:41:20.937" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;my suggest is that you would better hire a translator. the subject is too complex to make notes about it here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;however, if your tasks do not involve anything complex involving translations you can use help of various opensource projects relating to internationalization. such as gnu i18n (try google search), they already have made all the necessary work for such sort of tasks and they have nice documentation regarding subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How do we represent standard metric system in Russian? For example,&#xA;  how do we write 100 meters or 100 litres or 100 km or 100 seconds etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;measurement units are written as in any other country using metric system&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How do we represent months and year and dates? For example, &quot;10&#xA;  January&quot;, &quot;10th January&quot; or &quot;10th Jan, 2016&quot; or 12/31/2015 etc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;there are pretty common standards for writing dates in exUSSR countries&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How do we represent email? For example, if I need to write rbhatt@gmail.com.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;we do not write email in any specific form&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How do we represent numbers (numeric system 0-9)? For example, 1234.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;numbers are also written pretty much the same way as everywhere else in the world (well, in most of it)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastEditorUserId="4188" LastEditDate="2016-05-27T00:59:48.617" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T00:59:48.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12336" CreationDate="2016-05-27T01:22:27.890" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;i can supply an explanation involving spanish, if of course you have some knowledge of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the russian sign &quot;ь&quot; changing the sounding of previous letter in the similar way as &quot;~&quot; upper sign changes sounding of simple &quot;n&quot; in spanish. (ñ=нь, Ñ=Нь. one sample of transliteration - niño=ниньо, try in cyrillics this word in google search)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;however unlike spanish, russian &quot;ь&quot; sign may change the pronuncation into similar way of almost any consonant that it follows after.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;so &quot;ять&quot; is not actually [yat], but rather [yat'] and &quot;ят&quot; is then [yat]. note the appearing apostrophe in the first one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if you don't have access to some spanish source, then there is also may be an explanation. try to imangine how the previous consonant would sound if it would stand before the i/y letter in two words combination where the second is starting with i/y, as in phrase, got you - gotcha(got'cha). as you see the &quot;t&quot; in &quot;got&quot; have changed. in the same way all the letters with &quot;ь&quot; following are changed in russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastEditorUserId="4188" LastEditDate="2016-05-27T01:34:59.437" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T01:34:59.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12332" CreationDate="2016-05-27T01:39:29.503" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;тот кто эту фразу говорил забыл название того термина который он хотел сказать и вместо термина он сказал слово &quot;это&quot;. вобщем вместо этого он сказал это. просто у человека проблемы с памятью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T01:39:29.503" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12485" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12489" CreationDate="2016-05-27T18:54:02.797" Score="9" ViewCount="452" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have watched a children's cartoon called &quot;Умная дочка&quot; made by &quot;Гора Самоцветов&quot;. At one point a phrase &quot;от горшка два вершка&quot; is used. What does it mean? Is вершок a special Russian metric unit, or something? Which горшок is meant, the one in which babies poop?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you in advance!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. I only watch Russian childern cartoons, because characters use, more or less, everyday Russian language, not because I am a kid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6953" LastActivityDate="2016-12-02T11:40:46.073" Title="What does &quot;От горшка два вершка&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12485" CreationDate="2016-05-27T19:09:42.623" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &lt;code&gt;You are too young (too small)&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;On other questions:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;вершок&lt;/code&gt; - length unit (obsolete),&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;горшок&lt;/code&gt; - chamber pot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T19:09:42.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12485" CreationDate="2016-05-27T20:18:02.487" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it is said about person, this phrase indicates that a person is not very tall.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Just an russian idiom.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;горшок&quot; is pot&lt;br&gt;&#xA;вершок - definition from wiktionary &#xA;&quot;an old Russian unit of length approximately equal to 4.445 centimeters&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Then according to phrase, this person is as tall as a pot with two these units above.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;compare to english analogues:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;pint-sized, knee-high to a grass-hopper, a little runt&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7325" LastEditorUserId="7325" LastEditDate="2016-05-27T20:36:05.417" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T20:36:05.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12488" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12485" CreationDate="2016-05-27T20:22:50.523" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;От горшка два вершка jokingly denotes a person 's small height or young age.&#xA;Горшок was a kind of Russian ancient pot made of clay and used for cooking food.They could be of different sizes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вершок was an ancient Russian measure of length equal to modern 4,44см. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-05-27T20:37:11.367" LastActivityDate="2016-05-27T20:37:11.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12485" CreationDate="2016-05-27T20:56:44.623" Score="10" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is вершок a special Russian metric unit, or something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's old antropomorphic unit. While &quot;inch&quot; is &quot;thumb-wide&quot;, &quot;вершок&quot; is &quot;pointing+middle fingers wide&quot;, which is formally a little less than two inches. But otherwise &quot;вершок&quot; is just like &quot;inch&quot; - &quot;something very small&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Which горшок is meant, the one in which babies poop?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's hard to say but I believe it's a (food) bowl. So it rather means sort of &quot;two inches above a soup bowl&quot; / &quot;you're hardly seen behind a soup bowl&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another version is that it's actually &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%A1%D0%94/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%85&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;корх&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, not &quot;горшок&quot; - another outdated unit - a fist, i.e. four fingers wide. So it becomes: &quot;от коршка два вершка&quot; = &quot;a fist and two halves&quot; (or even &quot;a fist &lt;em&gt;without&lt;/em&gt; two halves&quot;, i.e. zero).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway it's unlikely related to a chamber pot, as &quot;горшок&quot; was a general term in old times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The whole expression used in a live speech may mean both &quot;too young&quot; and &quot;too small&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-05-28T09:59:10.487" LastActivityDate="2016-05-28T09:59:10.487" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12490" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12491" CreationDate="2016-05-27T23:19:12.497" Score="4" ViewCount="449" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my work about Russian history, I want to write &quot;Russia, former USSR&quot;. What word should I use instead of former, in Russian? I do have ideas about various options, like &quot;которая раньше называлась&quot;, but these options are too primitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you in advance!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6953" LastActivityDate="2016-07-03T12:29:54.313" Title="What is the most accurate translation of &quot;former&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12490" CreationDate="2016-05-28T00:47:31.943" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most approximate translation would be, i believe, is &quot;бывший&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Russia, former USSR - Россия, бывший СССР. Is often used in this situation.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The simpler is better in most situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4188" LastEditorUserId="4188" LastEditDate="2016-06-24T03:44:15.450" LastActivityDate="2016-06-24T03:44:15.450" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12492" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-28T08:19:33.850" Score="3" ViewCount="119" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a quote from Checkov: &quot;в том нужны грехи на веса и добрые дела вместо гирь&quot;. I don't think that in this context &quot;вес&quot; and &quot;гиря&quot; are synonyms, or are they? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7259" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-05-28T08:53:42.633" LastActivityDate="2016-05-29T02:28:31.873" Title="Are &quot;вес(а)&quot; и &quot;гиря&quot; synonyms?" Tags="&lt;цитата&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12492" CreationDate="2016-05-28T09:04:16.320" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No they are not. Веса here is used as &quot;весы&quot;, scales.&#xA;I am not sure about the historical usage of this particular form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6494" LastActivityDate="2016-05-28T09:04:16.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12485" CreationDate="2016-05-28T12:47:43.737" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Гошок  would mean a baby pot in this case. Meaning you're young, small or unexperienced. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7313" LastActivityDate="2016-05-28T12:47:43.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12492" CreationDate="2016-05-28T19:53:08.237" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Пусть твоя математическая слава и ученость раздадутся, как этот выстрел в сем мире&quot; (но не в том; в том нужны грехи на веса и добрые дела вместо гирь).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all &lt;strong&gt;веса&lt;/strong&gt; is an old form from весы-scales, &lt;strong&gt;гиря&lt;/strong&gt; is weight which you put on one pan of the scales.&#xA;The meaning of the sentence is the following. &quot;May your fame in the world of Maths be heard like this shot in this world,living,not that one,of the dead,(in that world you need your sins put on one scale(pan) and your good deeds on the other scale as weight.)&quot; You will go either to paradise or to hell depending on what is heavier,your sins or your good deeds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The words are not synonyms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-05-29T02:28:31.873" LastActivityDate="2016-05-29T02:28:31.873" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12496" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-29T03:35:31.377" Score="6" ViewCount="346" Body="&lt;p&gt;A friend of mine mentioned to me a while back from now that it should be &quot;Во&quot; instead of &quot;В&quot;, but he does not know of the definite rule for the difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5898" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-05-29T19:02:22.117" LastActivityDate="2016-09-01T12:05:29.047" Title="What is the difference between &quot;во рту&quot; and &quot;в рту&quot;?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12496" CreationDate="2016-05-29T06:07:40.773" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no difference in meaning. &quot;Во рту&quot; can be pronounced easier then &quot;В рту&quot;.&#xA;Follow this rule: &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/416895/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3-%D0%B2-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot;&gt;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/416895/Предлог-в-или-во&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If word  starts with two consonants and word consists of one syllable, preposition &quot;в&quot; becomes &quot;во&quot;. (example: &quot;во рту&quot;, &quot;во мне&quot;, &quot;во сне&quot;, но &quot;в слезах&quot;, &quot;в сновидениях&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If word starts with two consonants and one of them is &quot;в&quot;: во власти, во внушении.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7326" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T13:00:13.870" LastActivityDate="2016-05-29T10:00:20.640" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12496" CreationDate="2016-05-29T08:37:21.940" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is that you don't say &lt;em&gt;в рту&lt;/em&gt;. (While on the other hand, I think you do say &lt;strong&gt;в рте&lt;/strong&gt; rather than &lt;em&gt;во рте&lt;/em&gt;, in those rare instances where you'd use that form at all.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no reliable rule because the phenomenon itself is highly inconsistent — similar to how you can sort-of-but-not-really predict the &quot;strongness&quot; of verbs in English (&lt;strong&gt;cut/cut&lt;/strong&gt; vs. &lt;strong&gt;strut/strutted&lt;/strong&gt;). And this, too, is something that gets spoken of in terms of &quot;strong&quot; and &quot;weak&quot; things — namely strong and weak yers, per &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havl%C3%ADk%27s_law&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Havlík's law&lt;/a&gt;. The &lt;code&gt;-о&lt;/code&gt; on prepositions is usually a strong yer, i.e. a former &lt;code&gt;-ъ&lt;/code&gt; that got upgraded to a full vowel because of a yer in the next syllable — which in its turn disappeared, leaving us with a consonant cluster. That explains why &lt;strong&gt;во&lt;/strong&gt; tends to be present around consonant clusters, especially those that begin with &lt;code&gt;в-&lt;/code&gt; (ditto &lt;strong&gt;со&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;code&gt;с-&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What it doesn't explain, of course, is why it's so sporadic. The answer is, because it essentially shouldn't be there at all: Russian went on to level out this particular complication, &lt;em&gt;but&lt;/em&gt; sometimes the need for easier pronunciation as well as frequency of usage conspired to preserve those remnants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, there's an even smaller handful of expressions where the &lt;code&gt;-о&lt;/code&gt; occurs despite no consonant clusters in sight: &lt;strong&gt;во имя&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;во веки веков&lt;/strong&gt;, etc. All of them come from that slightly rephoneticised Russian variant of Church Slavonic, which grew preposition-final &lt;code&gt;-ъ&lt;/code&gt; into &lt;code&gt;-о&lt;/code&gt; very liberally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-05-29T08:37:21.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12500" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-29T14:23:07.787" Score="7" ViewCount="856" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen expressions like this, with, and without the &lt;strong&gt;&quot;в&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В первый раз— Я в первый раз здесь.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Первый раз — Я первый раз здесь.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В последнее время— я в последнее время стала очень ленивой.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Последнее время— я последнее время стала очень нервной.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference in meaning? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-06-05T14:26:46.943" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T09:00:50.367" Title="&quot;В последнее время&quot; или &quot;последнее время&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12503" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12504" CreationDate="2016-05-29T21:05:36.050" Score="1" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my Russian studies I came across this sample line and this comment:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Yes, there is no apple here&quot;. - &amp;lt;&amp;lt;Да, здесь нет яблока.&gt;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Comment: &quot;A general rule to follow in Russian is that new information is presented at the end of the sentence. This sentence is emphasizing the absence of a particular object, an apple. If you wanted to emphasize the location, here as opposed to there perhaps, then здесь would take the final position in the sentence.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I wanted to emphasize the location would I write:&#xA;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;Да, яблока нет здесь&gt;&gt; или &amp;lt;&amp;lt;Да, нет яблока здесь&gt;&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My gut says it's the first option but I'd like to know why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6451" LastActivityDate="2016-05-29T21:43:31.393" Title="Emphasizing absence vs. emphasizing place" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12503" CreationDate="2016-05-29T21:43:31.393" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To emphasize the location, if by that you mean underlining the fact the apple is not here, say &quot;Да, яблоко не здесь&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They like to say word order is non-important in Russian phrases. This is generally not true, but to some extent all the reorderings mentioned are possible.&#xA;Fun fact is, a particular word ordering changes not the semantics, but rather stylistic coloring of the phrase. &quot;Яблока нет здесь&quot; sounds like in a 1980s Gothic lyrics, while &quot;Нет яблока здесь&quot; is more like early XX century symbolism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7310" LastActivityDate="2016-05-29T21:43:31.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12505" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12506" CreationDate="2016-05-30T00:45:07.817" Score="6" ViewCount="273" Body="&lt;p&gt;For numbers between 10 and 40 Russians use дцать. What is дцать? A very Russian way to say десять? A word made of multiple parts, each of which do have a meaning, like дца and ть, as in еха-ть? (I would hope not!). I just cannot understand, where it comes from, as I cannot think of any words which have дцать, except for numbers in range from 10 to 40!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you in advance!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6953" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-05-30T07:45:01.543" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T07:45:01.543" Title="The etimology of the &quot;-дцать&quot; postfix?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12505" CreationDate="2016-05-30T02:01:40.607" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Дцать&quot; is just a reduction, originally &quot;двенадцать&quot; was &quot;дъванадесѩте&quot;, sort of &quot;two on top of ten&quot;. English word of Latin origin &quot;decimal&quot; can give you a hint. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T02:01:40.607" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12508" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12513" CreationDate="2016-05-30T09:43:20.750" Score="8" ViewCount="1325" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the best way to express &lt;strong&gt;tornado&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;hurricane&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian? From Wiktionary and Google Images, it looks like &lt;strong&gt;ураган&lt;/strong&gt; can mean both, so how should one express each separately?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &lt;em&gt;&quot;Are you more scared of tornadoes or hurricanes?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-06-07T17:27:28.380" Title="Express &quot;tornado&quot; and &quot;hurricane&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12508" CreationDate="2016-05-30T10:00:26.267" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think &lt;strong&gt;ураган&lt;/strong&gt; can mean both, but rarely, because to refer to a tornado, we have two words in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;торнадо&lt;/em&gt; - is a tornado in North America.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;смерч&lt;/em&gt; - this word is used, if we are talking about a &quot;tornado&quot; elsewhere, they are much less powerful. We usually do not use торнадо to refer to a whirlwind for instance in Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ураган&lt;/em&gt; - is usually about a hurricane, I mean a wind, weather conditions on much larger area compared to a tornado, and we do not use it widely (if at all) to refer to a tornado or a whirlwind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T10:00:26.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12508" CreationDate="2016-05-30T10:00:32.720" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe tornado is &lt;code&gt;смерч&lt;/code&gt; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Чего больше боишься - урагана или смерчей?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T10:00:32.720" CommentCount="16" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12511" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-30T11:51:04.990" Score="4" ViewCount="296" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lomonosov consistently calls Russian language &quot;российский&quot; in his works:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Российская грамматика&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rvb.ru/18vek/lomonosov/01text/02addenda/11addenda/137.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Письмо о правилах российского стихотворства&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://miresperanto.com/o_russkom_jazyke/lomon_cerk.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Предисловие о пользе книг церковных в российском языке&quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a reason why he does not use &quot;русский язык,&quot; which is the proper name of Russian language in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T13:18:20.413" Title="Why Lomonosov calls Russian language &quot;российский&quot;?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12511" CreationDate="2016-05-30T13:18:20.413" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Россия&lt;/em&gt; is a hellenized form of the native Russian word &lt;em&gt;Русь&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was first attested in XIV century and had since been for some time a part of grand style rhetoric (&lt;em&gt;высокий штиль&lt;/em&gt;), the one Lomonosov used in his scientific writings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the time, it was just a fancy way to say &quot;Russian&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the modern language, &lt;em&gt;российский&lt;/em&gt; means something pertaining to the Russian state (&lt;em&gt;российские законы, российская армия&lt;/em&gt;) while &lt;em&gt;русский&lt;/em&gt; is something pertaining to the Russian people (&lt;em&gt;русский язык, русский народ&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same distinction holds for several other nations (&lt;em&gt;германский / немецкий&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;латвийский / латышский&lt;/em&gt; etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T13:18:20.413" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12508" CreationDate="2016-05-30T13:23:12.653" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that tornado is &quot;смерч&quot; and hurricane is &quot;ураган&quot;.&#xA;In my understanding tornado are very rare in Russia, that's why &quot;смерч&quot; word is also pretty rare, so not even every people could say the difference from &quot;ураган&quot;&#xA;And the &quot;ураган&quot; phonetically pretty similar to hurricane, so it is pretty much the same word and notion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ураган is often used as a synonym to &quot;strong wind&quot;, not the actual hurricane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7334" LastEditorUserId="7334" LastEditDate="2016-05-30T13:29:21.437" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T13:29:21.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12490" CreationDate="2016-05-30T14:16:45.370" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess, it is not correct. Russia had been a part of USSR. Russia hadn't  changed its name while it was a part of USSR. I think right is 'Russia, the successor of the USSR'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7335" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2016-06-24T09:55:18.860" LastActivityDate="2016-06-24T09:55:18.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12500" CreationDate="2016-05-30T14:46:36.513" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;В первый раз— Я в первый раз здесь.&#xA;Первый раз — Я первый раз здесь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;they are both correct but second is more common. And first is more emotional a little bit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I've not got it &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В последнее время— я в последнее время стала очень ленивой.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Последнее раз— я в последнее время стала очень нервной.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7335" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T14:46:36.513" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12490" CreationDate="2016-05-30T16:10:29.683" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You may use the term &lt;code&gt;Ex-USSR&lt;/code&gt; (or &lt;code&gt;former USSR&lt;/code&gt;) to describe the territory, (people, cultural features/difference, etc.) on the territories which were belonging to USSR. But definitely not to describe Russia. Russia was &lt;code&gt;РСФСР&lt;/code&gt; and it was the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;largest republic of the USSR&lt;/a&gt;. And as @Vladislav correctly noted, Russia is a &lt;code&gt;successor&lt;/code&gt; of the &lt;code&gt;USSR&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;Россия стала правопреемницей СССР&lt;/code&gt;. And Russia was separate country before the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Revolution&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;October Revolution&lt;/a&gt; and become RSFSR in the union with other republics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7336" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T16:10:29.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12280" CreationDate="2016-05-30T16:28:36.907" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since &lt;code&gt;Youtube&lt;/code&gt; is a foreign proper name it should be pronounced according to the foreign language pronunciation rules. So, since &lt;code&gt;You&lt;/code&gt; + &lt;code&gt;tube&lt;/code&gt; is pronounced as &lt;code&gt;[ju]&lt;/code&gt; + &lt;code&gt;[tju:b]&lt;/code&gt; this should sound like &lt;code&gt;ютьюб&lt;/code&gt;. And for any russian-speaking person who keeps an eye on his/her pronunciation, saying &lt;code&gt;ютуб&lt;/code&gt; means to show the ignorance. But there are cultural influence on that (slang, etc.). So &lt;code&gt;ютьюб&lt;/code&gt; is the correct way to pronounce this, but &lt;code&gt;ютуб&lt;/code&gt; is rather a slang form which may be widespread. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7336" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T16:28:36.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12473" CreationDate="2016-05-30T19:19:15.740" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Proper &quot;wallet&quot; translation is &quot;бумажник&quot;, &quot;purse&quot; is &quot;кошелёк&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Common word people use in everyday speech is &quot;кошелёк&quot;, although both are fine. &quot;Бумажник&quot; sounds modernish to me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Портмоне&quot; is originally French - porte-monnaie. French language was often used before revolution by nobles/rich, so it has some degree of luxury or retro meaning. It will most likely be used for some brand/luxury wallet. Some rural village people might not understand it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a quite common jargon word &quot;лопатник&quot; (criminal origin).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7338" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T19:19:15.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12280" CreationDate="2016-05-30T22:24:27.190" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The version &lt;strong&gt;ютюб&lt;/strong&gt; should not be ignored as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I find it a good compromise between acknowledging the foreign origin of the word and not twisting one's tongue too much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6163" LastActivityDate="2016-05-30T22:24:27.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12522" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-05-31T04:44:09.803" Score="6" ViewCount="285" Body="&lt;p&gt;What means &quot;Куда им до&quot; in phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне доводилось встречать много необычных вещей, но куда им до&#xA;  кроссовка, одержимого демонами&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7342" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2016-06-01T02:14:34.433" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T02:14:34.433" Title="What does &quot;Куда им до&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12522" CreationDate="2016-05-31T06:08:23.680" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Куда им до&quot; usually used to show that object in the context is less superior in an ability to do something or power or the number of features than the object in the phrase. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Куда им до меня/нас/его&quot; - I/we/he is much better in something in comparison with a person in the context.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Куда им до танка&quot; - They are too weak in comparison with a battle tank &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your particular example could be translated as &quot;I've seen many unusual things but all of them looks ordinary compare to a shoe obsessed with daemons &quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7345" LastActivityDate="2016-05-31T06:08:23.680" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12524" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12525" CreationDate="2016-05-31T20:14:36.910" Score="4" ViewCount="190" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am reading a Russian book and at one point I was a little confused, as to how one would say plural of &quot;кочерга&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6953" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-05-31T20:29:12.747" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T05:51:39.167" Title="What is the plural of &quot;кочерга&quot;?" Tags="&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12524" CreationDate="2016-05-31T20:20:09.067" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's кочерги, though yes it used relatively rare. Here's how it's inclined:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Им.&lt;/em&gt; кочерги́&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Р.&lt;/em&gt;  кочерёг&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Д.&lt;/em&gt;  кочерга́м&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;В.&lt;/em&gt;  кочерги́&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тв.&lt;/em&gt; кочерга́ми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пр.&lt;/em&gt; кочерга́х&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS. Actually it's not non-standard, and it would be nice if you'd tried at least to google beforehand. Information of this kind &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0&quot;&gt;easily&lt;/a&gt; can be found. (My guess is that's the reason you've been downvoted.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-01T05:51:39.167" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T05:51:39.167" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12526" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12527" CreationDate="2016-06-01T12:49:10.053" Score="6" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was just wondering what would be the origin of the verb &lt;code&gt;обчёлся&lt;/code&gt;? Does it have something to do with &lt;code&gt;закончил считать&lt;/code&gt;? I don't think we use other forms of this verb, but in this idiom. How old is this expression?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4637" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T16:27:26.757" Title="Раз, два и обчёлся" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12526" CreationDate="2016-06-01T12:56:21.390" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Обчёлся&lt;/em&gt; is past tense of &lt;em&gt;Обчесться&lt;/em&gt; which is just the same as &lt;em&gt;Обсчитаться&lt;/em&gt; i.e. &lt;em&gt;to miscount&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet the verb &lt;em&gt;Обчесться&lt;/em&gt; is almost never used nowadays except this idiom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How old is this expression?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, I can only say that it's really old.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T12:56:21.390" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12526" CreationDate="2016-06-01T13:45:03.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This expression denotes a small quantity of anything.обчелся = обсчитался = быстро закончился счет = мало насчитал &#xA;Современным городам много света дарят уличные кафе, которых у нас почти нет. Да и обычных кафе раз-два и обчелся. (Ю. Нагибин.)&#xA;Folksy expression. The start time of use is unknown&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7353" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T13:45:03.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12529" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-01T13:51:26.020" Score="5" ViewCount="433" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the origin of the word мешок?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7350" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-01T19:05:27.140" LastActivityDate="2016-06-10T10:25:14.247" Title="What is the origin of the word &quot;мешок&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12529" CreationDate="2016-06-01T13:57:32.927" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мешки used were made of skins with the fur.The word мешок comes from the word мех&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7353" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T13:57:32.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12526" CreationDate="2016-06-01T16:27:26.757" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the meaning is &quot;not many, hardly any&quot;. I.e., if you count to two, you've counted them all (but not literally exactly two).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen this written with a hyphen раз-два и обчёлся which subtly alters the &quot;literal&quot; interpretation to &quot;one or two and that's about it&quot;. A hyphen between two successive numbers is used for estimates: e.g., &quot;три-четыре&quot; = &quot;(about) three or four&quot;. And, naturally, the monosyllabic раз is often used in counting in place of один.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure what you can say about the origin. Russian is very prolific with adding prepositions as prefixes to verbs to form new verbs, just like English is very prolific with using prepositions or adverbs after verbs (&quot;give up&quot;, &quot;look out&quot;, &quot;get away with&quot;) to form phrasal verbs with new meanings. In both cases the new meaning is not always predictable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6349" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T16:27:26.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12534" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12535" CreationDate="2016-06-01T22:34:18.100" Score="10" ViewCount="460" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today I heard from my friend &quot;Э оборотное&quot;. I still do not understand why he called it &quot;оборотное&quot;. Is there a secret letter &quot;э&quot;, which only Russian native speakers know about, which is turned the other way, or could it be written both ways? Maybe, even, there was a reversed letter &quot;э&quot; in old Russian? I am not sure, since the only thing I get in Google, when I type in &quot;э оборотное&quot;, are articles about the normal letter &quot;э&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6953" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T22:42:58.933" Title="What is &quot;Э оборотное&quot;?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12534" CreationDate="2016-06-01T22:42:58.933" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Э оборотное&quot;  is just other name for &quot;э&quot;. The reason why it's called &quot;оборотное&quot; (sort of reversed) is that modern Russian &quot;е&quot; initially was written as &quot;є&quot; - well, more strictly among other form this one was used as well. Buy the way, this is how it is still written in Ukrainian.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2016-06-01T22:42:58.933" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12536" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12537" CreationDate="2016-06-01T23:04:03.323" Score="1" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across a saying on the television, which is &quot;Немудрено, что их лишили свободы, ведь они торговали наркотиками!&quot;. How could this phrase be translated, in this case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6953" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-06-01T23:36:39.300" LastActivityDate="2016-06-02T00:47:59.267" Title="What is the best translation of &quot;Немудрено, что&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-06-02T20:30:07.890" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12537" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12536" CreationDate="2016-06-01T23:30:19.007" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Немудрено&quot; could be literally translated as &quot;Don't need (to be) a wise man to understand this&quot;. In your particular case, the translation could be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;This is not a surprise that they got jailed, for they were drug dealers.&quot; &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7345" LastEditorUserId="6953" LastEditDate="2016-06-02T00:47:59.267" LastActivityDate="2016-06-02T00:47:59.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4194" CreationDate="2016-06-02T00:52:07.810" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Чайник долго остывает&quot; and &quot;чайник долго не остывает&quot; are an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6953" LastActivityDate="2016-06-02T00:52:07.810" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4194" CreationDate="2016-06-02T15:54:08.420" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a number of so called biaspectual verbs in Russian, those whose perfective and imperfective aspects are homonyms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though technically those are different verbs, using them may lead to something you are probably looking for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Когда-нибудь я крещусь. Я никогда не крещусь. // Some day I'll get baptized. I'm never crossing myself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я бегу марафоны. Я не бегу марафонов. // I'm running marathons. I'm not avoiding marathons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-06-02T15:54:08.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12543" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12550" CreationDate="2016-06-02T23:08:09.187" Score="3" ViewCount="232" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am currently learning Russian using &lt;a href=&quot;https://glossika.com/courses/?target=ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Glossika&lt;/a&gt; and it gives the following as the translation of the sentence &quot;I'm going out with some friends tonight. Why don't you come too?&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы идём гуля́ть с друзья́ми сего́дня ве́чером. Почему́ бы тебе́ не пойти́ с на́ми?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot understand two things about this sentence: (1) Why is the subject of the sentence in the dative case? and (2) Why is the verb in the infinitive rather than the past tense which I was taught to use with &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; constructions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6550" LastActivityDate="2016-06-04T08:56:17.923" Title="Translations of &quot;Why don't you...&quot; using почему бы + pres" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12543" CreationDate="2016-06-03T03:01:45.027" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Почему бы [кому-либо] не [сделать] что-либо?&quot; is a template, where [кому-либо] is a noun or a pronoun in dative case, and [сделать] is a verb in perfect infinitive. It means &quot;Why don't [someone] [do something]?&quot;. It's a polite form of speaking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's possible to use &quot;Ты бы пошёл с нами?&quot; instead. No dative and past tense, I believe this is the one you've been looking for. Though this is less polite. Friends could use use &quot;Пойдешь с нами?&quot; and even shorter &quot;А ты?&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-06-03T03:01:45.027" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12543" CreationDate="2016-06-03T04:29:46.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почему бы тебе не пойти с нами?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a special form of a polite suggestion. We don't use nominative case and past form of the verb after &lt;strong&gt;why&lt;/strong&gt; in such sentences. It's very close in form to &lt;em&gt;Would you like to go?&lt;/em&gt; where an infinitive is used. You can make a suggestion without &lt;strong&gt;why&lt;/strong&gt; with the verb in the past (Ты бы пошел с нами?Would you go with us?) or in the present (Ты пойдешь с нами?Пойдешь с нами?Will you join us?) But to say Почему бы ты не пошел is incorrect. Perhaps the sentence &lt;em&gt;Why not joining us?&lt;/em&gt; corresponds better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-06-03T04:29:46.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12546" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12543" CreationDate="2016-06-03T08:52:21.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why is the verb in the infinitive rather than the past tense which I was taught to use with бы constructions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, there are quite a few different constructions with &quot;&lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Do not expect a politeness to be a simple thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;А ты бы пошёл с нами&lt;/em&gt; --&gt; this is also &lt;strong&gt;to motivate / slightly push&lt;/strong&gt; rather than simply ask; need right stress not to confuse with a question (i.e. &lt;em&gt;do not&lt;/em&gt; stress the verb here);&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;А ты хотел бы пойти с нами?&lt;/em&gt; --&gt; again could be confused with a plain question; put the stress over &quot;хотел&quot; to show it's &lt;strong&gt;an invitation&lt;/strong&gt; too;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Пойти бы с вами&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;Хорошо бы пойти с вами&lt;/em&gt;) --&gt; infinitive + &quot;бы&quot; shows an inclination to do something; missing any &quot;who&quot; points to the speaker himself, i.e. it's the same thing as &lt;strong&gt;I'd like&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Тебе пойти бы с нами&lt;/em&gt; --&gt; here I say that such an inclination to go &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; belong to &lt;em&gt;you&lt;/em&gt;; so it means &lt;strong&gt;you should better&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Почему бы не пойти?&lt;/em&gt; --&gt; this is sort of &quot;is there any reason not to go?&quot;, which in fact stands for soft variant of &quot;let's go&quot;: &lt;strong&gt;why don't we go&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Почему бы тебе не пойти с нами?&lt;/em&gt; --&gt; now it's like a previous one, but points to &lt;em&gt;you&lt;/em&gt;, so it's a polite form for asking to go with us: &lt;strong&gt;why don't you&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-06-03T08:52:21.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12547" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12548" CreationDate="2016-06-03T10:15:31.357" Score="2" ViewCount="516" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have found out that there is a phrase, which has a meaning of something like &quot;whoever it was&quot; - &quot;кто бы то ни был&quot;. Why is &quot;ни&quot; used instead of &quot;не&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6953" LastEditorUserId="6953" LastEditDate="2016-06-03T10:23:20.833" LastActivityDate="2018-01-04T01:31:30.943" Title="Why is &quot;ни&quot; used in a phrase &quot;кто бы то ни был&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12547" CreationDate="2016-06-03T12:50:57.337" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;ни&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is the amplifying particle, &lt;em&gt;&quot;не&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is the negative particle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are no negation in phrase &lt;em&gt;&quot;whoever it was&quot;&lt;/em&gt; and so particle &lt;em&gt;&quot;ни&quot;&lt;/em&gt; used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7223" LastActivityDate="2016-06-03T12:50:57.337" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12547" CreationDate="2016-06-03T14:31:23.207" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is because the particle &quot;ни&quot; has a different meaning than the particle &quot;не&quot;. In affirmative sentences in conjunction with the pronoun or interrogative words, &quot;ни&quot; means a true statement in any options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кого бы я &lt;strong&gt;ни спрашивал&lt;/strong&gt;, все говорили, что &lt;strong&gt;не знают&lt;/strong&gt; его.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try to change &quot;ни&quot; to &quot;не&quot;. The sense of the statement will change:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кого бы я не спрашивал, все говорили, что не знают его. - I asked&#xA;    nobody, nobody knows him. &#xA;Кого бы я ни спрашивал, все говорили, что&#xA;    не знают его. - I asked everyone, nobody knows him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7252" LastActivityDate="2016-06-03T14:31:23.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12543" CreationDate="2016-06-04T08:50:22.777" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему бы тебе не пойти с нами?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For practical reasons, you can look at it this way: the sentence is elliptical, that is, some words are missing, but everybody can reconstruct them and understand the sentence. Look at it like this, the missing words are in square brackets:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему бы тебе не пойти с нами?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would — Почему бы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[it be good] for you — тебе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;not to go with us? — не пойти с нами?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is a &lt;em&gt;why?&lt;/em&gt; question, the possible answers can be 'because I'm busy', 'because I don't like you', or 'great, I'm going!', etc., but still you will always answer the question 'Why isn't it &lt;em&gt;good&lt;/em&gt; for you to go or not to go with us?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-06-04T08:56:17.923" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12551" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12554" CreationDate="2016-06-04T09:55:27.850" Score="5" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some confusing words in russian, because they can be stressed differently and mean different things. I know some, like: &quot;замки&quot;, &quot;стрелки&quot;, &quot;белки&quot;, &quot;кружки&quot;. Is there a website [or any other resource] where such words are collected?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6953" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2016-06-06T08:24:26.827" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T08:30:46.517" Title="What are the words, where stresses are important?" Tags="&lt;resources&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12551" CreationDate="2016-06-04T12:29:48.070" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Such words are called &lt;strong&gt;омографы&lt;/strong&gt;. They have the same written form but are pronounced differently. There's also a larger group called &lt;strong&gt;омонимы&lt;/strong&gt; which have the same written form and pronunciation (коса, for example). And there exists a special kind of dictionaries – &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Словарь омонимов русского языка&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. I saw such a dictionary by &lt;strong&gt;Ахманова&lt;/strong&gt;, it has a special part called Омографы, where you will find such words, translations into several languages,stresses, meanings etc.There's also a good introduction explaining the usage and forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-06-05T18:26:31.483" LastActivityDate="2016-06-05T18:26:31.483" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12547" CreationDate="2016-06-05T13:42:22.690" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word (looking different now and often mistook for &quot;не&quot; - &quot;not&quot;) is a remnant of some old slavonic laguage. Standing in this context for the word &quot;ever&quot; usually going in company with &quot;be&quot; - &quot;быть&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Like in:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;whoever&lt;/em&gt; that &lt;em&gt;be&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;кто&lt;/em&gt; бы это там &lt;em&gt;ни был&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;whenever it happens - &lt;em&gt;когда&lt;/em&gt; бы это &lt;em&gt;ни&lt;/em&gt; происходило&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;weherever&lt;/em&gt; it &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;где&lt;/em&gt; бы это &lt;em&gt;ни было&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Deep research should be made to find what word to this particle relates, in old slavonic. Because it is only orthographic dictionaries now are instructing how to write russian words with &quot;не/ни&quot;. No any reference to language history. So few (if someone at all) people can give answer about the &quot;ни&quot; particle and why it is written that way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7325" LastActivityDate="2016-06-05T13:42:22.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6975" CreationDate="2016-06-05T17:08:36.683" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are usually several words in Russian for every one word in English and yes, it's little frustrating sometimes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1:отношение is relationship but it also is how one relates to the outside world = Relation Attitude&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2:расположение just means disposition = Behavioural Attitude&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3:мироощущение  How one feels about the world in his  insides.....world-feeling = Feeling Attitude&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4:мировоззрение  world-view = Vision Attitude trough your pink or dark glasses......&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5:Attitude is actually the salad of all the above words put together  = Attitude = Attitude&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7365" LastEditorUserId="6953" LastEditDate="2016-06-07T15:30:39.843" LastActivityDate="2016-06-07T15:30:39.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12558" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-05T20:18:18.610" Score="3" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference between the nouns 'доставка' (delivery) and 'поставка' (delivery)? I mean to ask if a delivery of a package to a residence requires a different noun than a commercial delivery (iron, bulk deliveries of grain, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3847" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-05T20:30:55.180" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T12:06:04.953" Title="Доставка and/or Поставка" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12559" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-05T20:20:27.367" Score="5" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an article &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mcdonald.me.uk/storytelling/lichert_article.htm&quot;&gt;&quot;Choosing Natural Adjective Ladders&quot;&lt;/a&gt; about ordered list of English adjectives describing quality, from Phenomenal to Abysmal.  The list was received by survey.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does a similar work exist for Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5454" LastEditorUserId="5454" LastEditDate="2016-06-06T09:50:30.633" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T09:50:30.633" Title="Russian Quality Adjective Ladder" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12559" CreationDate="2016-06-05T20:20:27.367" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there is!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;See &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303803391_Qualitative_Analysis_of_Russian_Quantitative_Adjectives_in_Russian&quot;&gt;Количественный анализ качественных прилагательных русского языка&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But be careful using these adjectives, some of them are colloquial or close to obscene. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is one of the lists they received.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is an ordered set of 10 unordered sets of adjectives (levels), graded from the most &quot;positive&quot; words to the most &quot;negative&quot;. All the words of one level perceived by respondents as about the same on the scale of &quot;good&quot; - &quot;bad.&quot;  Any of them (for example, the most commonly used in the language) can be selected as a typical representative of this level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;фантастический, феноменальный, превосходный, восхитительный, волшебный,&#xA;суперский, офигенный  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;первоклассный, отменный, отличный, замечательный  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;первосортный, сильный  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;хороший, добротный  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;недурной, неплохой,нормальный  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;средний, так себе*  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;посредственный, слабый, никакой  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;плохой, жалкий, никчёмный, негодный  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;дрянной, гадостный, ужасный  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;говённый, дерьмовый, отвратительный, омерзительный    &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*This idiomatic expression is actually not an adjective, but often used by  native speakers for describing mediocre quality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5454" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2016-06-06T08:16:39.850" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T08:16:39.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12558" CreationDate="2016-06-05T20:30:33.383" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both terms are indeed quite alike though definitely different. One can tell that &quot;поставка&quot; is subtly wider term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Доставка&quot; is about delivery to the end customer, &quot;поставка&quot; is about the whole logistic cycle: shipment, supply etc. - and it usually implies describing the process en-masse. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Доставка товаров на дом&quot; is correct, &quot;поставка товаров на дом&quot; is not. &#xA;On the other hand though &quot;наладил доставку лекарств за границу&quot; is acceptable, &quot;наладил поставку лекарств за границу&quot; would sound more appropriate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To put it simple, &quot;доставка&quot; is more about deliver getting something by a person from  the Amazon, and &quot;поставка&quot; is more about the process of sending wood from the Amazon to some, don't know, wood factory. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2016-06-05T20:30:33.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12562" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12558" CreationDate="2016-06-05T20:52:19.480" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Доставка = transportation to the end point, often retail, or letter delivery or cargo or luggage or people. Can include any transportation, not only sale-related. Giving the thing to the addressee or putting at the place of addressee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поставка = always wholesale, in big volume, may not include transportation to the end point, just unloading at agreed place. Always sale-related, usually between companies, not to end-user.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, доставка = transportation to the end point, поставка = sale in big volume between companies&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-06-06T06:49:41.610" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T06:49:41.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12558" CreationDate="2016-06-06T08:13:25.020" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Доставка = delivery, shipment, shipping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поставка = supply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2016-06-06T12:06:04.953" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T12:06:04.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12551" CreationDate="2016-06-06T08:30:46.517" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This paper may be of particular interest:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://repozytorium.amu.edu.pl/bitstream/10593/6650/1/077-082.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://repozytorium.amu.edu.pl/bitstream/10593/6650/1/077-082.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to it, there are thousands of Russian homographs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this book apparently addresses the phenomenon in detail. I do not know if it is available in an electronic form but hopefully may be purchased on line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramma.ru/RUS/?id=6.53&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://gramma.ru/RUS/?id=6.53&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T08:30:46.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12500" CreationDate="2016-06-06T09:00:50.367" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although the variants omitting &quot;в&quot; are widely used they are colloquial and grammatically incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T09:00:50.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12566" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12392" CreationDate="2016-06-06T16:19:55.620" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;how do Russians know which one to use&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They just do. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is: every native speaker will have heard and used hundreds and thousands of diminuted words in context so will instinctively know which suffix tends to be used to convey which shade of meaning. And here's the gotcha: every diminutive suffix conveys a certain attitude of the speaker to the person/object called by a diminuted form of the basic word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may find the following somewhat informative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://moluch.ru/archive/54/7300/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://moluch.ru/archive/54/7300/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2016-06-06T16:19:55.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12567" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12568" CreationDate="2016-06-06T16:51:18.723" Score="4" ViewCount="324" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference between &lt;strong&gt;забывать&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;забыть&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;позабывать&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;позабыть&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1a) Я &lt;strong&gt;забыл&lt;/strong&gt; ее имя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1b) Я &lt;strong&gt;позабыл&lt;/strong&gt; ее имя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2a) Слушай, на время время &lt;strong&gt;забудь&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2b) Слушай, на время время &lt;strong&gt;позабудь&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="5510" LastEditDate="2016-06-20T18:44:56.377" LastActivityDate="2016-06-29T03:09:25.630" Title="Забывать/забыть versus позабывать/позабыть" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12567" CreationDate="2016-06-06T17:25:13.833" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In terms of style &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;позабыть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; sounds a bit archaic or bookish. The one who chooses it over the neutral &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;забыть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; creates the impression of being well-read/old-fashioned/highbrow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of semantics...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A verb with the prefix &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; acquires the meaning of a distributed action: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;побросать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - to have dropped many objects (independently), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;поснимать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - to have taken many objects off or down, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;понастроить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - to have built many constructions etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;позабывать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; means to have forgotten many things. However, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;позабыть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (as in: &lt;em&gt;Я всё позабыл&lt;/em&gt;) has all but lost this shade of &quot;distributedness&quot; and become almost synonymous to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;забыть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Hence the aforementioned archaic flavour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2016-06-07T09:32:00.133" LastActivityDate="2016-06-07T09:32:00.133" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12569" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12572" CreationDate="2016-06-06T21:40:11.987" Score="1" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;I encountered the phrase &amp;quot;Учебные вопросы&amp;quot; as the title of a section, while reading a Russian military document.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Учебные вопросы:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Уяснение задачи, оценка обстановки.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;etc...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning of this phrase?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google translate gives the translation as: &amp;quot;Study Questions&amp;quot;, but that seems not quite right to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would &amp;quot;Training questions&amp;quot; be more accurate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7369" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-06-08T18:28:55.213" Title="&quot;Учебные вопросы&quot; in a military context" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12392" CreationDate="2016-06-07T08:15:44.073" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Diminutive form in Russian is created by adding suffices, not endings. Of cause there are rules, and here are a couple of links:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.funrussian.com/2013/02/01/russian-diminutive-nouns/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.funrussian.com/2013/02/01/russian-diminutive-nouns/&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/nounsandcases/suffixes.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://masterrussian.com/nounsandcases/suffixes.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’d encourage you not to give into the “only the native speaker can blah blah blah” argument. My opinion is that people often use it inflate their self-worth, and not as often to point out minute peculiarities that you failed to see. I’ve stopped doing that (the self-worth part, I mean), and now my message is this: basic grammar is not beyond your grasp. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6425" LastActivityDate="2016-06-07T08:15:44.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12572" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12569" CreationDate="2016-06-07T18:16:54.113" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is Russian military officialese.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your excerpt is apparently a part of a document (&lt;em&gt;план-конспект&lt;/em&gt;) describing a training session and defining its goals, steps and methods.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this context, &lt;em&gt;учебный вопрос&lt;/em&gt; just means &quot;topic&quot;: something the trainees are going to learn during this session.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Уяснение задачи&lt;/em&gt; is something like &quot;objective clarification&quot; (for the lack of a better term; I'm not familiar with English military jargon).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a skill of reading and processing orders received down the chain of command, understanding what exactly does and what does not the commander want from you and your regiment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Оценка обстановки&lt;/em&gt; is &quot;situation assessment&quot;: where you are, what do you have, and how can you use this to complete your objective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These two skills are what the trainees are going to learn and what the whole session is all about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-06-07T18:16:54.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12573" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12576" CreationDate="2016-06-07T20:02:29.527" Score="4" ViewCount="339" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эти синонимы. Но мне кажется, что все-таки тонкая разница есть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My current understanding of the difference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Беспризорный&lt;/strong&gt; = &amp;quot;homeless&amp;quot; -- used in a more educated written register (literature etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бездомный&lt;/strong&gt; = &amp;quot;homeless&amp;quot; -- most common everyday verbal usage for&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бомж&lt;/strong&gt; = &amp;quot;homeless/bum&amp;quot; -- Acronym for: без определённого места жительства (slang/jargon)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any additional difference in where one would encounter these words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I correct in my assumptions about what &amp;quot;register&amp;quot; the words fall into? Or am I imagining the difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7369" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-06-17T08:27:02.760" Title="Беспризорный vs. Бомж vs. Бездомный" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12573" CreationDate="2016-06-07T20:14:53.053" Score="4" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Беспризорный&lt;/strong&gt; is mostly about underage homeless persons, children and teenagers - it is not used for depicting adult homeless persons. The derived noun &quot;беспризорник&quot; is used more often, but I'd rather not agree that this is higher-style language, maybe it's slowly getting outdated but we're definitely far from there. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бездомный&lt;/strong&gt; is neutral, it's just a person without home. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бомж&lt;/strong&gt; is less neutral, it's sort of homeless but quite often with negative connotations - drunk, junkie, dirty etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a Russian speaker &quot;бездомный&quot; is closer to the image of homeless in a Les miserables way and &quot;бомж&quot; is more of a gentleman you can encounter on San Francisco streets: a quite aggressive, stinky, stoned or drunk junky shouting out loud some nonsense.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yes, &quot;бомж&quot; is used only for describing modern homeless, most likely urban. No one will use it in translations of historic texts for instance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="4260" LastEditDate="2016-06-12T17:03:12.577" LastActivityDate="2016-06-12T17:03:12.577" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12575" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12573" CreationDate="2016-06-08T05:15:46.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Бездомный is &lt;em&gt;homeless&lt;/em&gt;, sounds rather neutral. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бомж (&lt;em&gt;tramp,hobo&lt;/em&gt;) can be colloquial and БОМЖ as an abbreviation (&lt;em&gt;of unfixed abode&lt;/em&gt;) is official. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Беспризорный has got a wider and a bit different meaning including that of &lt;em&gt;homeless&lt;/em&gt;, mostly spoken of a child or a teenager uncared-for/ neglected by his/her family. Беспризорный can even define a forgotten neglected object/thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-06-09T03:58:02.717" LastActivityDate="2016-06-09T03:58:02.717" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12573" CreationDate="2016-06-08T05:52:10.127" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Беспризорный&lt;/strong&gt; - the one who does not have &quot;призор&quot;, parental custody. Though this one can have a home, but the parent, who's supposed to live there too, is missing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бездомный&lt;/strong&gt; - is literally &quot;homeless&quot;, this is a neutral term. In rare cases, it could even be applied to the person who does not own a home and rents one (in Russia, an adult is commonly supposed to own a real estate or a part of it, renting for the whole life is a misfortune, unless it's a municipal property with no rental payment). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бомж&lt;/strong&gt;  is an abbreviation for &quot;без определённого места жительства&quot;, it's a rude and offensive term. &quot;Одет как бомж&quot; = &quot;очень плохо одет&quot;. &quot;Воняет как от бомжа&quot; = &quot;пахнет экскрементами&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastEditorUserId="1836" LastEditDate="2016-06-09T11:02:29.823" LastActivityDate="2016-06-09T11:02:29.823" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12573" CreationDate="2016-06-08T06:57:33.067" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Беспризорный applies to minors and has more to do with a lack of custody/supervision than a lack of residence. Бездомный is the plain and neutral translation of &quot;homeless&quot;. Бомж started out as a legal category and has taken on a derogatory character:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B6&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7307" LastActivityDate="2016-06-08T06:57:33.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12578" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12583" CreationDate="2016-06-08T08:38:05.037" Score="4" ViewCount="487" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я уехал из России в возрасте 10-и лет. Моя жена не русскоязычная, но с детьми я говорю по-русски. Глагол &quot;бояться&quot; требует родительного падежа, т.е., кого? чего? а не кого? что?. Если память мне не изменяет, я детям всё время говорил &quot;не бойся собаку&quot; (т.е., в винительном падеже вместо родительного). С точки зрения грамматики, это, конечно, неправильно. Но мне кажется, что в современной русской речи, неправильная форма встречается чаще правильной. Это так?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7307" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-08T18:27:34.760" LastActivityDate="2016-06-10T20:46:40.547" Title="&quot;Не бойся собаки&quot; or &quot;не бойся собаку&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12579" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12582" CreationDate="2016-06-08T08:58:27.183" Score="2" ViewCount="375" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the various ways to express &lt;strong&gt;story&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;short story&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;tale&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;fairy tale&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another way to put the question: what are the differences between &lt;strong&gt;история&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;сказка&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;рассказ&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;повесть&lt;/strong&gt;, and other related words, in terms of everyday usage? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only obvious difference to me is &lt;strong&gt;история&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;history&lt;/strong&gt;, otherwise I see &lt;strong&gt;story&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;short story&lt;/strong&gt;, and/or &lt;strong&gt;tale&lt;/strong&gt; listed for basically all of them in the dictionary, which is not useful for knowing when to correctly use them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="6354" LastEditDate="2016-06-08T10:07:14.777" LastActivityDate="2016-06-09T03:45:49.913" Title="&quot;Story&quot;, &quot;short story&quot;, &quot;tale&quot;, &quot;fairy tale&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12580" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12578" CreationDate="2016-06-08T09:11:13.183" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если отвечать на вопрос из заголовка, то да, кто-нибудь (и много кто) говорит.&#xA;&quot;бойся собаки&quot; и &quot;бойся собаку&quot; оба выглядят приемлемо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но в предложении &quot;я боюсь собаку&quot; только один вариант приемлем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6131" LastActivityDate="2016-06-08T09:11:13.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12581" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12579" CreationDate="2016-06-08T09:16:34.463" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сказка is a fairytale, usually with fantastic. If somebody told a story (which is called &quot;история&quot; by him) which happened with him, others don't believe him because that story doesn't look real, they could say that it is a &quot;сказка&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;рассказ and повесть are used for literature. In short, рассказ is smaller.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6131" LastActivityDate="2016-06-08T09:16:34.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12579" CreationDate="2016-06-08T09:46:08.883" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;история&lt;/strong&gt; is a series of events happened. Usually it's about real events, if it's a fantasy story, the story teller is supposed to indicate it. For example:  &quot;Вот такая история у нас случилась: родился телёнок о двух головах&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;история&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as history is a different meaning of the same word. It's series of events from the past, described by a historian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;сказка&lt;/strong&gt; is a fairy tale. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;рассказ&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) the result of someone telling &lt;em&gt;история&lt;/em&gt;. For example:&#xA;- Вот такая история у нас случилась. [...]&#xA;Он закончил рассказ и ушёл. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) A short story, usually published.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;повесть&lt;/strong&gt; in a past could be used for any quite long &lt;em&gt;рассказ&lt;/em&gt;, but nowadays it's only a form of literature, similar to novel, which is much larger than a  short story, but shorter than a general novel (&lt;em&gt;роман&lt;/em&gt;). Philologist define difference between &lt;em&gt;повесть&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;роман&lt;/em&gt; in main character(s) personality change. No changing at all is for a &lt;em&gt;повесть&lt;/em&gt;, otherwise it's &lt;em&gt;роман&lt;/em&gt;. In collocation, there is only size difference. For example, 200 book pages is &lt;em&gt;повесть&lt;/em&gt;, 500 is &lt;em&gt;роман&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-06-08T09:46:08.883" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12578" CreationDate="2016-06-08T10:51:47.473" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я позволю себе не согласиться с @Schullz. Предложение &quot;Я боюсь собаки&quot; для меня звучит совершенно нормально и приемлемо. Так же, как &lt;em&gt;боюсь огня&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;боюсь высоты&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;боюсь измены&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having said that, -- чем дольше носитель языка провёл вдали от языковой среды, тем заметнее такому носителю признаки явления под названием &quot;распад падежной системы&quot;. Ваш пример -- один из признаков этого процесса. Я не возьмусь разбирать в деталях частные случаи вытеснения родительного падежа винительным, но вытеснение это очевидно любому сколько-нибудь внимательному наблюдателю. Всё чаще встречаются такие, например, формы как &lt;em&gt;прошу прощени&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2016-06-08T10:51:47.473" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12578" CreationDate="2016-06-08T12:30:27.873" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не бойся собаки = Don't fear a dog.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не бойся собаку = Don't fear the dog.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-06-08T12:30:27.873" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12586" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12589" CreationDate="2016-06-08T15:35:47.923" Score="5" ViewCount="252" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильно ли я понимаю, что от сказуемого в этом предложении осталась только частица &quot;бы&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7379" LastActivityDate="2016-06-09T13:20:41.053" Title="“Мне бы на юг.” Где здесь сказуемое?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12586" CreationDate="2016-06-08T17:52:32.217" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Хочется классифицировать как неполное инфинитивное предложение (&lt;em&gt;Мне бы [поехать] на юг&lt;/em&gt; (сказуемое - да, пропущено). Но обоснований найти не могу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2016-06-08T17:52:32.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12578" CreationDate="2016-06-08T19:02:09.277" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Литературной нормой является использование родительного падежа (потому что винительный падеж &quot;занят&quot; постфиксом -ся), однако для одушевленных предметов винительный падеж тоже допускается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда вы говорите &quot;не бойся собаку&quot; - вы подразумеваете, что собака имеет некоторую близость к вам. Это может быть &quot;родственная&quot; близость - в том случае если это ваша собака; либо же это может быть близость &quot;географическая&quot; - если собака рядом с вами, вы на нее показываете и говорите что эту конкретную собаку не надо бояться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Использование винительного падежа для неодушевленного предмета обычно означает олицетворение (литературный прием). Также винительный падеж может использоваться для процедуры (&quot;я боюсь маникюр&quot;) - лично для меня звучит дико, но автор исследования таких примеров, по-видимому, накопал достаточно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS Спасибо &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/2284/andrey-chernyakhovskiy&quot;&gt;Andrey Chernyakhovskiy&lt;/a&gt; за &lt;a href=&quot;http://diplomba.ru/work/76639&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ссылку на исследование&lt;/a&gt;  в комментарии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7223" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-06-08T19:02:09.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12586" CreationDate="2016-06-08T19:29:47.163" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эллиптические предложения — особый вид неполных предложений. В них всегда отсутствует глагол-сказуемое. Отличаются тем, что они понятны без контекста и без ситуации.В данном случае предложение безличное.Опущен глагол движения в форме инфинитива. Похожий пример :Мне в Париж, по делу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-06-08T19:29:47.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12590" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12591" CreationDate="2016-06-09T08:10:24.777" Score="9" ViewCount="218" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &quot;Дама с собачкой&quot;, часть 2, Чехов writes: &quot;Анна Сергеевна была трогательна, от нее веяло чистотой порядочной, наивной, мало жившей женщины; одинокая свеча, горевшая на столе, едва освещала ее лицо, но было видно, что у нее нехорошо на душе.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have a question about the translation of &quot;... горевшая... and освещала...&quot; Resp. part. past act. and (not part.) past tense f. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My translation: the solitary candle burning on the table threw scarcely light on her face...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not understand the function of &lt;em&gt;горевшая&lt;/em&gt;, does this not mean that the candle has burnt? Why doesn't Chekhov use &lt;em&gt;горящая&lt;/em&gt; instead (part. pres. active)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7259" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-06-09T09:04:03.873" LastActivityDate="2016-06-09T14:03:44.937" Title="&quot;Одинокая свеча, горевшая на столе&quot; - why not горящая?" Tags="&lt;цитата&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12590" CreationDate="2016-06-09T08:24:43.617" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It doesn't mean that the candle has burnt. It means that the candle was burning during that time (while she was sitting next to that particular candle) - moment in the past tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think, that the author wanted to emphasize this. But it is not an error in Russian to say &quot;горящая&quot; in this phrase as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5510" LastEditorUserId="6953" LastEditDate="2016-06-09T10:28:41.190" LastActivityDate="2016-06-09T10:28:41.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12590" CreationDate="2016-06-09T08:38:07.493" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indeed, &quot;горевшая&quot; is more like &quot;was burning&quot; and &quot;has burnt&quot; would be &quot;сгоревшая&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Although russian grammar allows mixing past and pres. in same sentence, it sounds bad to me, since the whole sentence is written in past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7371" LastEditorUserId="7371" LastEditDate="2016-06-09T10:18:36.930" LastActivityDate="2016-06-09T10:18:36.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12590" CreationDate="2016-06-09T10:58:24.523" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's a direct consequence of using tenses with participles. In English you actually have no choice, as &quot;&lt;em&gt;burning&lt;/em&gt;&quot; cannot be put into past tense, except a complex construction such as &quot;&lt;em&gt;was burning&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. But in Russian both &quot;&lt;em&gt;горящая&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;горевшая&lt;/em&gt;&quot; fit nice, because the sentence is in the past tense anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's only about minor stylistic difference. If author constantly uses past tense, then he's trying to make an impression of reminescenes, recollections, some distancing from the events of his story. On the other hand, using past tense for verbs but present tense for participles gives a feeling of an instant look, sort of &quot;a book with pictures&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-06-09T10:58:24.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12586" CreationDate="2016-06-09T13:20:41.053" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Могу предложить альтернативную интерпретацию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Глагольная часть сказуемого в этом эллиптическом предложении — &lt;strong&gt;было бы&lt;/strong&gt;. Кроме неё в этом предложении опущены также подлежащее &lt;strong&gt;поехать&lt;/strong&gt; (или другой, соответствующий контексту, глагол движения, например, &lt;strong&gt;уехать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;слетать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;податься&lt;/strong&gt;, и т. д.), а также именная часть составного именного сказуемого, &lt;strong&gt;хорошо&lt;/strong&gt;. Таким образом, если восстановить все его члены, это предложение выглядело бы так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне [было] бы [хорошо] [поехать] на юг.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[поехать] на юг&lt;/strong&gt; — подлежащее, выраженное инфинитивным оборотом,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[было] бы [хорошо]&lt;/strong&gt; — составное именное сказуемое, состоящее из связки &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt; в условном наклонении и именной части, выраженной наречием &lt;strong&gt;хорошо&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt; — косвенное дополнение.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-06-09T13:20:41.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12590" CreationDate="2016-06-09T14:03:44.937" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is very simple: the English participles have &lt;em&gt;relative&lt;/em&gt; tenses, the Russian participles have &lt;em&gt;absolute&lt;/em&gt; tenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By &quot;&lt;em&gt;relative&lt;/em&gt; tenses&quot; I mean that although 'burning' is called a &quot;present participle&quot;, it does not actually refer exactly to the very moment of speech, its &quot;present&quot; meaning is to show an action happening simultaneously with the action expressed by the predicate verb. Thus, &quot;The burning candle lit her face&quot; means that the candle &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; burning when the face was lit, it does not mean that the candle is burning now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the Russian participles are not (often) like this, their tenses are &lt;em&gt;absolute&lt;/em&gt;, they do not need any other verbs to explain the exact moment when the action is or was taking place. &lt;em&gt;Горящая&lt;/em&gt; normally means &quot;burning right now, at the moment of speech&quot;, &lt;em&gt;горевшая&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;the one which was burning then, at that/some moment in the past&quot;. Thus, &quot;свеча, горевшая на столе&quot; means &quot;the candle which was burning at the table &lt;em&gt;at that moment&lt;/em&gt;.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, the Russian present active participles (&lt;em&gt;горящая&lt;/em&gt;) are often used the same way as the English present active participles (&lt;em&gt;burning&lt;/em&gt;), that is, with the &lt;em&gt;relative&lt;/em&gt; tense meaning, e.g. &quot;Они &lt;em&gt;увидели&lt;/em&gt; (past) &lt;em&gt;горящую&lt;/em&gt; (pres.) свечу.&quot; Generally speaking, the semantics of the Russian present active participles is ideally seen in the sentences where both the predicate verb and the active participle are in the present tense, e.g. &quot;Я &lt;em&gt;вижу&lt;/em&gt; (pres.) &lt;em&gt;горящую&lt;/em&gt; (pres.) свечу.&quot; And for practical reasons, it is better to use the Russian active participles in the same tense as the predicate verb, just like Chekhov did it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-06-09T14:03:44.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12597" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-09T15:24:19.260" Score="1" ViewCount="1061" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for large lists of diminutives in Russian in a format such as this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Base Name | [Diminutive1, Diminutive2, ...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5224" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-10T16:57:48.660" LastActivityDate="2016-06-10T16:57:52.910" Title="Is there a database/list of names, with their associated common diminutives?" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12597" CreationDate="2016-06-09T15:42:44.140" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It looks like by &quot;nicknames&quot; you mean diminutive forms of personal names. If so, then you can find a thorough list of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the book &quot;Справочник личных имен народов РСФСР&quot; starting from &lt;a href=&quot;http://padaread.com/?book=49840&amp;amp;pg=417&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt;, there is a list of personal names (first go male names, then female ones) together with their etymologies and diminutive forms. You can read the book online or download it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2016-06-10T15:49:56.987" LastActivityDate="2016-06-10T15:49:56.987" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2603" CreationDate="2016-06-09T16:31:13.463" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's one of these words where the concept itself doesn't exist in Russia as a single word, like &quot;curfew&quot; or &quot;to ground&quot;. You can say &quot;Мама не пустит меня к тебе в гости с ночёвкой, я пришла вчера после полуночи&quot; to express &quot;I can't come to your sleepover, I came home past my curfew yesterday so mom grounded me&quot; with reasonable precision, but there's no way to find a single &lt;em&gt;noun&lt;/em&gt; that means &quot;sleepover&quot;. You can say &quot;это когда приходят в гости, заранее планируя, что останутся допоздна и там же заночуют&quot;, or &quot;это время, до которого дети должны прийти домой, чтобы избежать наказания&quot;, since military curfew is &quot;комендантский час&quot;, а completely different concept in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6551" LastActivityDate="2016-06-09T16:31:13.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12600" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-10T08:26:41.830" Score="4" ViewCount="297" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the word пять have an origin in an Indian language? I noticed that the word in Bengali sounds almost the same. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/bengali.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for the spelling, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XC6iKTGCC8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for the pronunciation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4432" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-10T14:45:21.090" LastActivityDate="2016-06-12T08:08:59.423" Title="Origin of &quot;пять&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12600" CreationDate="2016-06-10T08:43:10.137" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Updating my answer: Not Indian but Proto-Indo-European (PIE) from which a huge number of modern and ancient languages (commonly known as Indo-European) have evolved, including Sanskrit, Old Greek, Latin, and, eventually, most modern European languages (Roman, Germanic, Baltic, Slavic), Hindi, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;П.С.: надеюсь, я не нарушу слишком много правил, если добавлю источник для интересующихся тем, как из одного древнего слова получается &quot;пять&quot;, &quot;five&quot;, &quot;cinque&quot; и т.д? &#xA;Для начинающих: &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://flibusta.is/b/270015/read&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Зализняк. &quot;Об исторической лингвистике&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-06-11T10:23:51.180" LastActivityDate="2016-06-11T10:23:51.180" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12529" CreationDate="2016-06-10T10:25:14.247" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://flibusta.is/b/219475/read&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Откупщиков &quot;К истокам слова&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что такое мешок?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не менее важную роль играет также и анализ тех формальных средств (например, приставок, суффиксов), с помощью которых образовано слово (словообразовательный анализ). Допустим, что мы хотим выяснить, каково было происхождение слова мешок. Выделяем в этом слове суффикс — ок (-ек). Находим ряд русских слов с тем же самым суффиксом, которые с полной очевидностью соотносятся с простыми бессуффиксными образованиями: смешок — смех, грешок — грех, душок — дух, пушок — пух и т. п. Если в этот же самый словообразовательный ряд включить слово мешок, то его можно будет легко соотнести со словом мех. Таким образом, словообразовательный анализ позволил нам прояснить этимологию слова. мешок (буквально: ‘маленький мех’). Правда, здесь, быть может, последует возражение: кто же изготовляет мешки из меха?! Чтобы ответить на этот вопрос, обратимся к истории. В древности «мешки» (мехи) изготовляли из шкур животных. В этих мехах обычно держали вино и другие продукты. Известно, например, выражение из Евангелия: «Не вливают вина молодого в мехи ветхие». Древние ассирийские воины переправлялись через широкие реки вплавь с полным вооружением, пользуясь при этом надутыми воздухом мехами (мешками из шкур). Этот способ переправы был знаком и другим народам древности. Ещё шире, по-видимому, было распространено хранение в мехах вина и других жидкостей. Да и в наши дни такие мехи для хранения жидкости употребляются многими народами Востока. По-русски такой мешок, изготовленный из цельной шкуры, называется бурдюком (это слово было заимствовано из азербайджанского языка).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastActivityDate="2016-06-10T10:25:14.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12606" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12608" CreationDate="2016-06-11T14:02:08.340" Score="19" ViewCount="2087" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read about a flower which is called &quot;Иван да Марья&quot;. I am assuming, that &quot;Иван&quot; and &quot;Марья&quot; are Russian names, since they start with capital letters and &quot;Марья&quot; sounds like an English name &quot;Maria&quot;. What does &quot;да&quot; mean though? I know of it as &quot;yes&quot;. Does it have other meanings? Because thinking of it as &quot;yes&quot; in this context does not make a lot of sense to me!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6953" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-02-27T10:48:01.243" LastActivityDate="2019-02-27T10:48:01.243" Title="What does the word &quot;да&quot; mean in &quot;Иван да Марья&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12606" CreationDate="2016-06-11T14:59:16.253" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Да&quot; means &quot;and&quot; in this case, so it's Ivan and Maria (see also &quot;тишь да гладь&quot;, &quot;вокруг да около&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes it can also mean &quot;but&quot;: Я старался, да не смог - I tried  but I couldn't (do that). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2016-06-11T15:09:31.027" LastActivityDate="2016-06-11T15:09:31.027" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12606" CreationDate="2016-06-11T15:40:29.180" Score="29" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Да&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; has got various functions in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In your example&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иван да Марья (Иван и Марья)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it is &lt;strong&gt;a conjunction&lt;/strong&gt; which means &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;и&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. As a conjunction it can also mean &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;но&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (&amp;quot;but&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Солнце светит, да не греет&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;The sun is shining, but it isn't warm&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case we put a comma in front of &amp;quot;да&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.As a particle  &amp;quot;да&amp;quot; can denote agreement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Вы говорите по-русски?&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;Do you speak Russian?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Да. (&amp;quot;Yes, I do&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can also express being surprised:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Я говорю по-русски. (&amp;quot;I speak Russian.&amp;quot;)&#xA;--Да ладно? (&amp;quot;Really?&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can also mean &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;by the way&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; when it is at the beginning of the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да, совсем забыл, напиши ему письмо. (&amp;quot;By the way, I forgot to tell you, write him a letter.&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a particle it helps to form imperative sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да будет так!(&amp;quot;Let it be so!&amp;quot; if translated literary, but that's also one of the possible translateions of &amp;quot;Amen!&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or like here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да здравствует свобода!(Long live freedom! )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be used for putting emphasis on a sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да не хочу я ничего! (&amp;quot;I don't want anything!&amp;quot;, a bit stronger than just &amp;quot;Не хочу я ничего!&amp;quot; which would be translated in English in the same way)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-08-05T16:06:29.943" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12609" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12454" CreationDate="2016-06-12T05:18:34.227" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In soviet times officials would use this term to describe a life style of drinking and partying. Conversely ordinary people would use this phrase as a joke parodying the officials. Most likely the teenagers were joking too &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2016-06-12T05:18:34.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12611" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12613" CreationDate="2016-06-12T17:37:45.650" Score="4" ViewCount="2015" Body="&lt;p&gt;At which hour does the following start?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) &lt;strong&gt;ночи&lt;/strong&gt; (genitive of ночь, &lt;strong&gt;night&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;strong&gt;утра&lt;/strong&gt; (genitive of утро, &lt;strong&gt;morning&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) &lt;strong&gt;дня&lt;/strong&gt; (genitive of день, &lt;strong&gt;day&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;afternoon&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) &lt;strong&gt;вечера&lt;/strong&gt; (genitive of вечер, &lt;strong&gt;evening&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My sources give conflicting information. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="6354" LastEditDate="2016-06-12T17:49:34.420" LastActivityDate="2016-06-15T19:24:13.817" Title="Telling time in Russian: when does night, morning, afternoon, and evening start?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12611" CreationDate="2016-06-12T17:44:29.667" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;More or less like this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hочь&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;code&gt;23:00 - 05:00&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Утро&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;code&gt;05:00 - 12:00&lt;/code&gt; (with &lt;code&gt;05:00 - 07:00&lt;/code&gt; usually indicated as &quot;раннее утро&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;День&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;code&gt;12:00 - 17:00&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вечер&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;code&gt;17:00 - 23:00&lt;/code&gt; (with anytime later than &lt;code&gt;22:00&lt;/code&gt; usually referred as &quot;поздний вечер&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One important thing to keep in mind - while &quot;доброе утро&quot;, &quot;добрый день&quot;/&quot;доброго дня&quot;, &quot;добрый вечер&quot;/&quot;доброго вечера&quot; are just regular greetings, nothing special with them, &quot;доброй ночи&quot; is something usually told to somebody who is going to sleep right now. That said, it's pretty different from &quot;have a good night&quot; one can hear leaving office at 10pm in USA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also it's worth to mention that this, of course, is very contextual. At winter, when sun goes down earlier you easily can hear &quot;Добрый вечер&quot; at 17:00 and even earlier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-12T17:53:04.653" LastActivityDate="2016-06-12T17:53:04.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12611" CreationDate="2016-06-12T18:04:41.640" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, there is no firm rule about that. From my experience I can say that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In interval [00:00 ; 04:00) it is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ночи&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In interval [04:00 ; 05:00) it can be &lt;strong&gt;either &quot;ночи&quot; or &quot;утра&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In interval [05:00 ; 12:00) it is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;утра&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;12:00 is usually &lt;strong&gt;&quot;дня&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, but sometimes can be &lt;strong&gt;&quot;утра&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In interval (12:00 ; 17:00) it is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;дня&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In interval [17:00 ; 23:00) it is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;вечера&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In interval [23:00 ; 12:00) it can be &lt;strong&gt;either &quot;вечера&quot; or &quot;ночи&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that these rules work when you tell the time in straightforward way, using only numbers. For example, 16:45 = &quot;четыре сорок пять дня&quot;; 23:30 = &quot;одиннадцать тридцать вечера&quot;. But if you use special style designed for telling time, then hour part is essential, no matter how many minutes are there before or after it. For example, 16:45 = &quot;без четверти &lt;strong&gt;пять вечера&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (not &quot;дня&quot;); 23:30 = &quot;пол-&lt;strong&gt;двенадцатого ночи&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (not &quot;вечера&quot;); 03:05 can be &quot;пять минут &lt;strong&gt;четвертого утра&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="6725" LastEditDate="2016-06-15T19:24:13.817" LastActivityDate="2016-06-15T19:24:13.817" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12615" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-13T10:31:13.213" Score="5" ViewCount="326" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;мы купили продуктов на сто долларов&lt;/strong&gt;, why is &lt;strong&gt;продукт&lt;/strong&gt; in the genitive plural (&lt;strong&gt;продуктов&lt;/strong&gt;), not accusative plural (&lt;strong&gt;продукты&lt;/strong&gt;)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T04:42:43.940" Title="In &quot;мы купили продуктов на сто долларов&quot;, why продуктов?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12615" CreationDate="2016-06-13T10:45:13.080" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this is not genitive but, rather, partitive case. Its meaning is 'some quantity out of a larger quantity'. &#xA;For the same reason one should say 'Я налил себе чаю', not 'Я налил себе чай'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sadly but inevitably, partitive (as well as the remnants of some other ancient cases, e.g. locative) is gradually falling into disuse. One is very unlikely to come across phrases like 'Я вышел из лесу' these days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2016-06-15T14:48:41.857" LastActivityDate="2016-06-15T14:48:41.857" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12615" CreationDate="2016-06-13T10:45:52.317" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, actually you may choose either Accusative or Genitive case freely. That's rather a matter of taste, I believe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Genitive case is used to denote some &quot;indefinite&quot; object, i.e. &lt;em&gt;Сходи, купи масл&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Go buy &lt;strong&gt;some&lt;/strong&gt; butter&lt;/em&gt;. Yet as &quot;&lt;em&gt;продукты&lt;/em&gt;&quot; stands for some &quot;food in general&quot; then Genitive case doesn't add much sense here. Anyway, we all used to go with Genitive, so it sounds more natural IMO.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-06-13T10:45:52.317" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12615" CreationDate="2016-06-13T15:29:20.247" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a little difference between &quot;&lt;em&gt;Мы купили продуктов&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;Мы купили продукты&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Мы купили продуктов&lt;/em&gt;&quot; means that we bought some food in generl as Matt wrote in his answer, and the person we talk to doesn't know exactly what food we bought. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Мы купили продукты&lt;/em&gt;&quot; implies that we bought that very food we had spoken about earlier, and the person we talk to knows what food we bought.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-06-13T15:29:20.247" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12620" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12621" CreationDate="2016-06-13T21:19:00.847" Score="3" ViewCount="299" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian &quot;косарь&quot; means a thousand. But what are the different forms and cases of &quot;косарь&quot;? For example, can you say &quot;Это двухкосарёвый вопрос на Stack Exchange русского языка&quot;? What are the dative or genitive cases of &quot;косарь&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. &quot;Косарь&quot; is, as far as I understand, informal. Russians would usually use it in dialogues like &quot;Сколько у тебя с собой рублей?&quot; -- &quot;Пять косарей.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6953" LastActivityDate="2016-06-13T22:11:33.097" Title="What are the different forms of &quot;косарь&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12620" CreationDate="2016-06-13T21:25:02.133" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Это двухкосарёвый вопрос на Stack Exchange русского языка&quot; will immediately give you away as a non-native speaker who imporperly tries to use some Russian slang.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Косарь&quot; is used only for amount of money - it's indeed 1000, but there's also another term - &quot;штука&quot; which seem to be used wider. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, while it's easy to provide all cases, you need to understand that it's just not use with the majority of them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Им.&lt;/em&gt; Косарь, косари:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ух ты, целый косарь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Р.&lt;/em&gt; Косаря, косарей:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чёрт, косаря не хватает, чтоб купить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Д.&lt;/em&gt; Косарю, косарям (Hardly used in this form)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В.&lt;/em&gt; Косарь, косари:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я ругаю себя за этот косарь, который я ему должен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тв.&lt;/em&gt; косарём, косарями:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Да подавись ты своим косарём, жадина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пр.&lt;/em&gt; косаре, косарями: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;О косаре забудь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last, it worth to mention that unlike &quot;штука&quot; which easily is used for denominating multiple thousands, &quot;косарь&quot; is used more often when talking about one thousand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-13T22:11:33.097" LastActivityDate="2016-06-13T22:11:33.097" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12611" CreationDate="2016-06-14T08:17:54.050" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Considering all other answers, nobody actually says &quot;17 часов вечера&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;This additional information like &quot;ночи&quot; оr &quot;утра&quot; is used when you tell the time in 12h format and not in 24h format:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;5 часов вечера&lt;/em&gt; is like &lt;em&gt;5. p.m.&lt;/em&gt;= 17:00&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  or &lt;em&gt;9 часов утра&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;9 a.m.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So basically this is an extended version of &quot;a.m.&quot; and &quot;p.m.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is also often used as a rhetoric device to intensify or emphasize the aspect of time:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он слушает громкую музыку в 2 часа ночи! = He is listening to loud music at 2 o'clock at night!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7371" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-06-14T16:06:10.543" LastActivityDate="2016-06-14T16:06:10.543" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12623" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12624" CreationDate="2016-06-14T12:36:42.323" Score="5" ViewCount="1003" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some of my friends use the word &quot;грёбаный&quot;. Where does it come from? I suggested to myself that it could be somehow linked to words like &quot;бан&quot; or &quot;баня&quot;, but it does not make sense in a sentence &quot;Грёбаные кроссовки, почему они не налезают на ногу!?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6953" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-06-14T12:43:02.133" LastActivityDate="2016-06-14T17:43:45.377" Title="What is the etymology of &quot;грёбаный&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12623" CreationDate="2016-06-14T12:42:48.243" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a euphemism of &lt;em&gt;ёбаный&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;fucking&quot;, literally &quot;fucked&quot;), same as in English &quot;frigging&quot; instead of &quot;fucking&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The root itself is a descendant of a PIE root meaning &quot;to dig, to scratch&quot;. This word is akin to &lt;em&gt;гроб&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;coffin&quot;), English &quot;grub&quot;, &quot;grave&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-06-14T14:18:43.493" LastActivityDate="2016-06-14T14:18:43.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12623" CreationDate="2016-06-14T17:35:27.280" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Word &quot;гребаный&quot; is a variation of &quot;ебаный&quot; that translated to English literally means &quot;fucking&quot;.&#xA;The origins of this word goes back to &quot;Perestroyka&quot; period in Soviet Union in the middle of the 80s. At the time with the freedom of expression came a whole new wave of cinema reflecting not &quot;Soviet Realism&quot;, on which the entire SU population was raised, but the everyday struggle of younger generation who were disillusioned in the ideas of Socialism and leaned to Western ideology.&#xA;One of the brightest example of this new direction in cinema was the movie &quot;Маленькая Вера&quot; (&quot;The Little Vera&quot;) that was pretty explicit for its times.&#xA;Now, in Russian language using cuss words is a taboo, be it a TV or literature or any kind of media. No amount of freedom of expression has ever been change this taboo, even nowadays you will never hear cuss words on independent TV channels or press, no to mention state media. The director of &quot;Маленькая Вера&quot; had to change the dialog of one of the characters (the father) to substitute &quot;ебаный&quot; for &quot;гребаный&quot;. This was the first time this word ever came to Russian language, and just took off after that.&#xA;Gosh, I'm old.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7416" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-14T17:43:45.377" LastActivityDate="2016-06-14T17:43:45.377" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12627" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12648" CreationDate="2016-06-15T00:45:50.253" Score="8" ViewCount="674" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm aware of &lt;strong&gt;шёл&lt;/strong&gt;'s derivation from Proto-Slavic &lt;code&gt;*xьdlъ&lt;/code&gt;, related to &lt;strong&gt;ходить&lt;/strong&gt;, but that form still seems irregular — given that &lt;strong&gt;вёл&lt;/strong&gt;, which has the exact same relation to &lt;strong&gt;водить&lt;/strong&gt;, had &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; rather than &lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt; in the root, as demonstrated by the lack of elision in the feminine, neuter, and plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is that &lt;strong&gt;шёл&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;шла&lt;/strong&gt;, etc. were in fact a contamination of &lt;code&gt;*хedl-&lt;/code&gt; and the lost regular past participle form of &lt;strong&gt;идти&lt;/strong&gt;, which I expect to be &lt;code&gt;*jьdl-&lt;/code&gt;. Am I correct? And, out of curiosity, what would the hypothetical regular (in Proto-Slavic terms) past tense of &lt;strong&gt;идти&lt;/strong&gt; have been in modern Russian? Probably &lt;em&gt;*ёл&lt;/em&gt;, but what of the other forms? &lt;em&gt;*Ила&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;*ило&lt;/em&gt; or maybe even &lt;em&gt;*ла&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;*ло&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-10T17:59:07.477" LastActivityDate="2019-05-10T17:59:07.477" Title="The exact origin of шёл" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;супплетивизм&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12627" CreationDate="2016-06-15T01:52:31.280" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;X&quot; mutating into &quot;ш&quot; - is not that rare, if it is not obvious with say &quot;ход&quot;/&quot;шедший&quot; this connection can be found for instance in such pairs like &quot;тихий&quot;/&quot;тишь&quot;, &quot;Михаил&quot;/&quot;Миша&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This started in Praslavic and it's part of well known and well studied process, it is actually called  &quot;первая палатализация согласных&quot; and it is about &lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;х&lt;/code&gt; mutating into soft &lt;code&gt;ч'&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ж'&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ш'&lt;/code&gt; accordingly. The was also a second one (вторая палатализация), which is about the law of mutating the same set of consonants into &lt;code&gt;ц'&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;з'&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;c'&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Up to the XIV century &lt;code&gt;ж'&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ш'&lt;/code&gt; (unlike &lt;code&gt;ч&lt;/code&gt;) in Russian have lost their &#xA;softness, but what you see in &quot;шёл&quot; is the remnant of palatalisation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the fact that this happend in Proto-Slavic - and first palatalisation is present in all Slavic languages - the &quot;what-if&quot; part of you question is very hard to answer. It's sort of &quot;what if we won't consider one of the main phonetic changes in Slavic languages&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, I don't know. What if Pedersen's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruki_sound_law&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;law&lt;/a&gt; never had happened?&#xA;To be honest, any answer will be pretty speculative. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-15T15:31:46.587" LastActivityDate="2016-06-15T15:31:46.587" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12629" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12633" CreationDate="2016-06-15T07:29:52.353" Score="8" ViewCount="484" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen that there are certain ways to say 'how are you' in Russian.&#xA;I understand the part where there is a formal you and an informal one.&#xA;I also understand that they are conjugated differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I do not understand, is the difference between these three formal ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как у вас дела?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как поживаете?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как ваши дела?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same goes for the difference between these in the informal form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7108" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-15T15:18:48.603" LastActivityDate="2016-06-15T15:18:48.603" Title="&quot;How are you&quot; differences" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12629" CreationDate="2016-06-15T08:17:35.970" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;How are you&quot; does not have an exact analogue in Russian communication culture. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Как дела?&lt;/strong&gt; - is a question asked when&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Close friends or relatives meeting. Supposed answers are either &quot;да&#xA;всё как обычно/нормально&quot; or &quot;квартиру вот купил&quot; (or another huge&#xA;news) or &quot;всё плохо&quot; (if the things go wrong). It is still supposed&#xA;that the person who asks that is really interested in how the things&#xA;are going. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Meeting with a foreigner or with the one who follows foreign traditions. Answer is &quot;Прекрасно, а у тебя?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Date with a stranger. In this case, the question means &quot;I'm bored, tell me something about yourself&quot;. Common answer is &quot;лучше всех&quot;, which means that &quot;I'm bored too, go tell something interesing yourself&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you would rather have a small talk, you'd better start with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Хорошая сегодня погода, а? (formal version is &quot;Хорошая сегодня погода, не правда ли?&quot;);&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Как [поживают] ваши дети/внуки?;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Как вы замечательно выглядите сегодня!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6588" LastActivityDate="2016-06-15T08:17:35.970" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12629" CreationDate="2016-06-15T08:44:06.100" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say it again: nowadays Russian speakers do not have a totally neutral form of &quot;How are you&quot;. Which means usually you do one of these:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Informal way of saying &quot;Hello&quot;. This rules out any formal stuff above. Say instead &quot;Как жизнь?&quot;, &quot;Как сам?&quot;, &quot;Как ваше ничего?&quot; etc.etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Real asking of &quot;how are you&quot;. This requires you to be more precise. Sort of &quot;Как на работе?&quot;, &quot;Как здоровье?&quot;, &quot;Как дети?&quot;, &quot;Что у вас нового?&quot; etc.etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I really needed to choose a neutral polite and totally uninformative form of &quot;how are you&quot;, I'd rather go with &quot;Как поживаете?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, both &quot;Как ваши дела&quot; and &quot;Как у вас дела&quot; require a slightly higher level of communication and should not be used as just the second sentence after saying &quot;Hello&quot;. Though in general your ability to choose right intonation is much more important than the words you say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-06-15T08:44:06.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12629" CreationDate="2016-06-15T13:46:18.100" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the risk of repeating what's already been said: 'How are you' is almost not a question but a mere token of politeness akin to what 'How do you do' used to be. The one asking 'How are you' does not expect to hear in response &lt;em&gt;how&lt;/em&gt; they really are.&#xA;Opposite to that, when you use one of the Russian phrases you are asking about, you &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; expect some response ranging from a hollow 'ok' (&lt;em&gt;неплохо&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ничего&lt;/em&gt;) to a fairly detailed account. On that scale, the three phrases you suggest as 'translations' would be roughly ordered like this: 2, 3, 1. 2 expects a neutral-positive reply implying that everything is okay, 3 is a bit more involved, and 1 expresses yet more real interest. Still higher on that scale are questions about particular personal circumstanced (family, work, health etc.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The bottom line is: the standard English exchange &lt;em&gt;Hi, how are you -- Hello&lt;/em&gt; simply cannot be translated into Russian where any form of &lt;em&gt;how are you&lt;/em&gt; implies some sort of interest and requires at least some sort of response.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2016-06-15T13:46:18.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12627" CreationDate="2016-06-16T00:01:25.457" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are also another similar words &quot;шастать&quot; (old Russian word) or &quot;шляться&quot; (more like slang) , which I would translate as &quot;walking&quot; or &quot;walking around&quot;. &#xA;But &quot;шастать&quot; has its own past form &quot;шастал&quot;. Maybe they had some impact on the origin of &quot;шёл&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7371" LastActivityDate="2016-06-16T00:01:25.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12635" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12615" CreationDate="2016-06-16T03:59:59.273" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мы купили продуктов на $100 = We bought some products for $100.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы купили продукты на $100 = We bought the products for $100.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-06-16T03:59:59.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12636" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-16T10:56:23.300" Score="3" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most commonly used and understood is &quot;афтепати&quot;.&#xA;But It doesn't look nice when written.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="963" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2016-06-16T11:38:01.840" LastActivityDate="2016-06-16T19:58:46.863" Title="Is there a better translation for after-party than most commonly used transliteration?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12636" CreationDate="2016-06-16T12:36:30.620" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Поскольку это неологизм,вошедший в жизнь и язык где‐то после 2000 года и не имеющий аналога в русском языке, лучше оставить все так, как есть: &lt;strong&gt;афтерпати&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;афтепати&lt;/strong&gt;, либо даже &lt;strong&gt;after-party&lt;/strong&gt;, нравится вам это или нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-16T19:58:46.863" LastActivityDate="2016-06-16T19:58:46.863" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12627" CreationDate="2016-06-16T13:35:37.023" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;шёл&lt;/em&gt; is to &lt;em&gt;идти&lt;/em&gt; as &lt;em&gt;вёл&lt;/em&gt; to &lt;em&gt;вести&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;водить&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Водить / водил&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ходить / ходил&lt;/em&gt; seem quite regular to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of any reflexes other than &lt;em&gt;шёл&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;шествие&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;&amp;lt; шьствие&lt;/em&gt;) which would have been used to reconstruct &lt;em&gt;*xьd-&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The contamination hypothesis would not let you get rid of &lt;em&gt;*хod-&lt;/em&gt;, and if you accept a root with another vowel gradation, &lt;em&gt;*хed-&lt;/em&gt; is not any better than &lt;em&gt;*xьd-&lt;/em&gt;. It does not explain any other reflexes, and you need to invoke an extra assumption about that contamination to justify the change in the root vowel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-06-16T15:44:05.790" LastActivityDate="2016-06-16T15:44:05.790" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12573" CreationDate="2016-06-17T08:27:02.760" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also a Siberian/Far Eastern dialectism &lt;strong&gt;бич&lt;/strong&gt;, which has roughly the same meaning as &lt;strong&gt;бомж&lt;/strong&gt;, but can also be used to denote a seedy, socially degraded person, often alcoholic or drug addict, but not necessary homeless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user4820" LastActivityDate="2016-06-17T08:27:02.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12640" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12646" CreationDate="2016-06-17T18:14:23.977" Score="4" ViewCount="375" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to my understanding the aforementioned verbs have two related meanings like the English word 'to leave'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) &lt;em&gt;to misplace&lt;/em&gt;. This makes sense somewhat because in order to misplace something you have to have put it someplace else. The prefix 'о-' meaning 'around/about' may have a sense of approximate (e.g. 'I approximately placed my keys somewhere over...')&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) &lt;em&gt;to depart&lt;/em&gt;. This meaning does not make sense. If you are departing from someplace, why would you use the verb &lt;em&gt;оставлять&lt;/em&gt;? You know where you are going, there is no sense of approximation. What are you putting away? Is using this verb wrong when referring to people, because it would seem more fitting when referring to objects only. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c) Why would &lt;em&gt;оставлять&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;оставаться&lt;/em&gt; be antonyms? They have the same prefix and the same root. Why would they have contrasting meaning and what is their morphological relationship with the verb &lt;em&gt;ставить&lt;/em&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6991" LastActivityDate="2016-06-18T11:47:00.640" Title="Why does оставлять/оставить mean to leave when it literally means 'to put around'?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12641" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12642" CreationDate="2016-06-17T19:54:26.427" Score="6" ViewCount="422" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have encountered the sentence &quot;Mom is not here anymore&quot; translated as &quot;Мамы здесь больше нет&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why &quot;мамы&quot; and not just &quot;мама&quot;? Is it in genitive case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7426" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-03T19:29:46.927" LastActivityDate="2018-01-05T12:58:50.350" Title="Why &quot;мамы здесь нет&quot;, not &quot;мама здесь нет&quot;" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;abessive-case&gt;&lt;genitive-negative&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12641" CreationDate="2016-06-17T20:25:51.230" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The thing in in Russian the phrase &quot;Mom is not here anymore&quot; is sort of answering the question &quot;Whom do we miss here&quot; rather than &quot;Who is not here?&quot; - it quite a subtle difference regarding the fact that the usage of &quot;whom&quot; is declining, but luckily it's still a thing in English so I can use it for explanation )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;whom? - кого (genitive)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;who? - кто (nominative)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-18T00:57:31.593" LastActivityDate="2016-06-18T00:57:31.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12641" CreationDate="2016-06-17T21:19:21.790" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Negative construction with &quot;нет&quot; always needs genitive in Russian and answers the question &quot;нет кого/чего&quot;, and not &quot;нет кто&quot; which is ungrammatical:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нет кого? - Нет мамы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However you can say &quot;Мама не здесь&quot; (as opposite of &quot;мама здесь&quot;) which is totally correct. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-06-17T21:19:21.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12641" CreationDate="2016-06-17T21:25:54.683" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you use negation meaning that something or someone is absent, especially strong negation (not here anymore) it's natural in Russian to use &lt;strong&gt;нет&lt;/strong&gt;, which demands &lt;em&gt;genitive&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;нет (кого,чего?) мамы, хлеба.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Otherwise you can say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мама не в Москве,она в Саратове. Or &#xA;  Мамы нет в Москве, она в Саратове.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-06-17T21:33:51.790" LastActivityDate="2016-06-17T21:33:51.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11616" CreationDate="2016-06-17T21:34:53.520" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вусмурть - I hear this word first time. I'm russian btw. I may say that for sure this word is out of date and you won't find nowadays, only in old books maybe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7427" LastActivityDate="2016-06-17T21:34:53.520" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12646" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12640" CreationDate="2016-06-18T01:34:02.253" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;(a) &lt;strong&gt;Оставить&lt;/strong&gt; does &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; mean &quot;misplace&quot;. It can of course mean a related thing, forgetting/abandoning/leaving something behind, but that's not the same as &quot;misplacing&quot;. You remember the location; you just forgot to go through with the action of retrieving the object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) This is a rare and somewhat obsolete meaning of &lt;strong&gt;оставить&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Покинуть&lt;/strong&gt; is the natural word to use here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In any case, you are misconstruing the meaning of the prefix. &lt;code&gt;O-sta-&lt;/code&gt; is a very old combination of prefix and root that occurs in most if not all Slavic languages with the meaning of &quot;remain&quot; (and a host of related concepts, including &quot;last&quot;). It can perhaps be thought of as a new root that's greater than the sum of its parts. Here, we're dealing with older and harder-to-interpret meanings of the prefix than the ones you can intuit in present-day Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) It's a little bit strained to construe &lt;strong&gt;оставлять&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;оставаться&lt;/strong&gt; as antonyms, but supposing we do, the answer is really fairly obvious. Because one is transitive and the other reflexive. &quot;Leaving behind&quot; a place and &quot;leaving &lt;em&gt;yourself&lt;/em&gt; behind&quot; are as antonymous, in context, as antonymous gets. Or consider that to &lt;em&gt;leave&lt;/em&gt; a thing is to &lt;em&gt;make it remain&lt;/em&gt; — which is one way you can get &quot;remain&quot; and &quot;leave&quot; to be somewhat synonymous despite their intuitive antonymy which we keep getting reminded of in these pre-UK referendum days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-06-18T01:34:02.253" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12647" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12640" CreationDate="2016-06-18T01:35:44.643" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, since (a) makes sense to you, I am going to skip it :)&#xA;(even though, &quot;o-&quot; isn't a prefix here: &quot;оста&quot; is the root).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) to depart.&#xA;If I was asked what &quot;оставлять&quot; means without any context, my first thought would be &quot;to leave behind&quot; (which is why I felt compelled to write an answer to this question: it does not at all mean to &quot;to put around&quot;). You mentioned &quot;to leave&quot;, so, I guess, this is close to your understanding. When you leave something behind, you must be departing from somewhere in some sense, so, I am guessing, that's why someone has translated it like this. I, probably, would not in most cases, but it does make some sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) &quot;оставлять&quot; vs. &quot;оставаться&quot;. If someone &lt;em&gt;leaves&lt;/em&gt; you, then you are &lt;code&gt;left&lt;/code&gt;. This is the same kind of distinction. &quot;Я оставляю вещи в номере&quot; means &quot;I leave my luggage in the room&quot;, &quot;Мои вещи остаются в номере&quot; - &quot;my luggage is left in the room&quot;.&#xA;In other words: если ты &lt;em&gt;остаешься&lt;/em&gt;, значит, кто-то тебя &lt;em&gt;оставляет&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7413" LastEditorUserId="7413" LastEditDate="2016-06-18T11:47:00.640" LastActivityDate="2016-06-18T11:47:00.640" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12627" CreationDate="2016-06-18T14:06:19.517" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не претендуя на ответ... Нашла вот это.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;ход&quot; - &quot;шед&quot; Произошло замещение буквы &quot;Х&quot; на &quot;Ш&quot; в одной из форм изначального глагола &quot;хъдьти&quot; (&quot;ъ&quot; и &quot;ь&quot; - это звук &quot;э&quot; разной краткости, сегодня стал где &quot;о&quot;, где &quot;е&quot;, где &quot;и&quot;, а где и вовсе выпал)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;первоначальная форма глагола *хъдьти, откуда через *хьдьти &gt; идти, причем, в основных формах &quot;хь&quot; перешло в &quot;ь&quot; (краткое гласное &quot;е&quot;) *хьду &gt; иду - *хьдемы &gt; идем *хьдеши &gt; идешь - *хьдете &gt; идете *хьде &gt; идет - *хьдут &gt; идут в перфекте &quot;хь&quot; &gt; &quot;ш&quot;: *хь (дъ) л &gt; шь (дъ) л &gt; шел&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-06-18T14:06:19.517" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12649" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12652" CreationDate="2016-06-18T18:10:06.453" Score="15" ViewCount="798" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;em&gt;&quot;Я в гостях&quot;&lt;/em&gt; seems to be prepositional plural of &lt;em&gt;гость&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Я иду в гости&quot;&lt;/em&gt; leaves me puzzled, though. According to conjugation tables, it is nominative plural, while &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; used to express direction requires accusative (which is &lt;em&gt;гостя&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;гостей&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;&quot;Я иду в гостя/гостей&quot;&lt;/em&gt; just sounds silly).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What form are we dealing with here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6065" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-01-24T09:30:04.930" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T09:30:04.930" Title="What form is &quot;в гости&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12649" CreationDate="2016-06-18T18:37:22.863" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;в гости&quot; (и &quot;в гостях&quot;) here is an adverb, not really a noun with a preposition. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A prepositional plural &quot;в гостях&quot; would mean &lt;em&gt;inside&lt;/em&gt; the guests (some food, maybe?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7413" LastActivityDate="2016-06-18T18:37:22.863" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12651" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12649" CreationDate="2016-06-18T18:38:39.383" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The thing is that &amp;quot;в гости&amp;quot; is an adverb (&amp;quot;наречие&amp;quot;), so the real answer is the concept of case is just not applicable, since though this form is indeed derived from noun, it sort of solidified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just like we don't think of word &amp;quot;воля&amp;quot; when we use word &amp;quot;поневоле&amp;quot;. Or, another example, &amp;quot;втиши&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; Reacting on what @Nikolay Ershov is claiming. Indeed, one can just ask - OK, but why the original form was &amp;quot;в гости&amp;quot;. Speaking of &amp;quot;lesser&amp;quot; cases, this could be a good candidate for traces &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;illative&lt;/a&gt; case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-06-18T19:00:11.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12652" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12649" CreationDate="2016-06-18T18:47:59.183" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two objections to people dismissing this &quot;because it's an adverb&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adverb or not, it started out as a noun and a preposition, and the case form still has to be explained somehow.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;More importantly: you can say &lt;strong&gt;в жёны&lt;/strong&gt; is also an adverb, and &lt;strong&gt;в пионеры&lt;/strong&gt; too, but what about &lt;strong&gt;(произведён) в полковники&lt;/strong&gt;? Or Pushkin's &lt;strong&gt;мы все глядим в Наполеоны&lt;/strong&gt;? Are they really just that many ad hoc adverbs?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd say we're dealing with another &quot;lesser case&quot; — along with the locative-prepositional (&lt;strong&gt;в снегу&lt;/strong&gt;) and partitive-genitive (&lt;strong&gt;выпить чаю&lt;/strong&gt;). This one we may call &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translative_case&quot;&gt;translative&lt;/a&gt;-accusative — which is indeed what it's described as (&lt;em&gt;превратительный падеж&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;a href=&quot;http://ilyabirman.ru/meanwhile/all/cases/&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, though I don't know what the ultimate source of that list is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can of course be argued that the literal meaning of &lt;strong&gt;в гости&lt;/strong&gt; isn't necessarily a change of status to one of a guest; more intuitively, we tend to think of this &lt;strong&gt;гости&lt;/strong&gt; as a kind of abstract territorial notion (&lt;strong&gt;в гостях&lt;/strong&gt; thus referring to a sort of guest-space), but I think this is a later shift of perception and the original usage, which accounts for the ending, was the same as with the other &quot;translative&quot; examples (which isn't contradicted by &lt;strong&gt;в гостях&lt;/strong&gt;; compare &lt;strong&gt;в денщиках у фельдкурата&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2016-06-18T18:53:13.273" LastActivityDate="2016-06-18T18:53:13.273" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12649" CreationDate="2016-06-18T18:52:35.007" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;strong&gt;Русский язык в задачах и ответах By Борис Норман&lt;/strong&gt; (p. 288 point 3.90)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MH7mT.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MH7mT.png&quot; alt=&quot;Русский язык в задачах и ответах By Борис Норман, p. 288 point 2.90&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;в гости&quot; is &quot;предложно-падёжная форма имени (???), that has almost become and adverb&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's not quite an adverb, and also includes the preposition&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6065" LastEditorUserId="6065" LastEditDate="2016-09-14T10:07:14.610" LastActivityDate="2016-09-14T10:07:14.610" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12654" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12657" CreationDate="2016-06-19T19:52:19.770" Score="4" ViewCount="474" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference between &lt;strong&gt;заря&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;рассвет&lt;/strong&gt;? My understanding is that &lt;strong&gt;заря&lt;/strong&gt; can mean both &lt;strong&gt;dawn&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;dusk&lt;/strong&gt;, while &lt;strong&gt;рассвет&lt;/strong&gt; can only mean &lt;strong&gt;dawn&lt;/strong&gt;, but I'm not sure if this is correct. [Edit: it's not correct, see answers.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-21T06:44:12.910" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T21:48:49.460" Title="&quot;Заря&quot; versus &quot;рассвет&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12654" CreationDate="2016-06-19T20:26:03.673" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Заря is a shining in the sky before the dawn and after the dusk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Рассвет is dawn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6131" LastActivityDate="2016-06-19T20:26:03.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12654" CreationDate="2016-06-19T20:26:37.877" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Рассвет&lt;/em&gt; means time just before sunrise, which is the same as &lt;em&gt;dawn&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet &lt;em&gt;Заря&lt;/em&gt; is actually &lt;em&gt;light&lt;/em&gt; which you see in the sky before sunrise and after sunset. So it's something close to &lt;em&gt;dawn or dusk&lt;/em&gt; but it's not really the same thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-06-19T20:26:37.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12654" CreationDate="2016-06-19T20:30:12.393" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Заря&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;twilight&quot;, &quot;illumination of the Earth's lower atmosphere when the Sun itself is not directly visible because it is below the horizon&quot; (from Wikipedia).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As with the English word, it can be applied both to light seen before the sunrise and that seen after the sunset, but the morning meaning is the primary one. If you are speaking of the time after the sunset, you should specify &lt;em&gt;вечерняя заря&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is another word, &lt;em&gt;сумерки&lt;/em&gt;, which technically means the same, but its evening meaning is the primary one, as with the English word &quot;twilight&quot;. This one is usually used to translate &quot;twilight&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Рассвет&lt;/em&gt; is the brightest part of the morning twilight, seen right before the sunrise. It's the direct translation of &lt;em&gt;dawn&lt;/em&gt; indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;em&gt;рассвет&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;заря&lt;/em&gt; can be used metaphorically, meaning the time when such a light can be seen (&lt;em&gt;встал на заре, проснулся на рассвете&lt;/em&gt;), and, further extending the metaphor, meaning &quot;beginning of something&quot; (&lt;em&gt;заря новой жизни&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-06-20T17:21:55.110" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T17:21:55.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12658" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12654" CreationDate="2016-06-19T22:23:07.297" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As other answers say, заря is the light before sunrise and after sunset,  but when it is used as rhetorical device like &quot;на заре 20 века&quot;, it always means the beginning of something, not the end. (in this case &quot;the beginning of the 20th century&quot; ) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7371" LastActivityDate="2016-06-19T22:23:07.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12659" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-06-20T08:21:39.830" Score="4" ViewCount="398" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;strong&gt;заявка&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;заявление&lt;/strong&gt; appear to mean &lt;em&gt;application&lt;/em&gt;. In which, if any, situations is one correct and not the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the best way to express &lt;em&gt;job application&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-20T18:45:57.750" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T22:13:41.607" Title="&quot;Заявка&quot; versus &quot;заявление&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12659" CreationDate="2016-06-20T08:39:51.030" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;We can express &lt;code&gt;Job application&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;Заявление о приёме на работу&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Заявка&lt;/code&gt; is being used in other cases like &lt;code&gt;подавать заявку на что-то&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;file an application for something&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;apply for something&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5510" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T08:39:51.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12659" CreationDate="2016-06-20T08:49:58.343" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not entirely sure what English &quot;job application&quot; means. If it means you send a CV seeking a job or a position, there is no equivalent Russian term, you have just describe this as sending CV for a position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Заявление о приёме на работу&lt;/em&gt; is the official part. This happens when you are already approved for the position. It is just a part of the official paperwork, describing your official intention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, заявление is a very official term. It always means something properly signed and addressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Заявка is more like a request or a booking. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-06-20T11:36:07.393" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T11:36:07.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12659" CreationDate="2016-06-20T10:03:40.723" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Заявление&lt;/strong&gt; is formal/official request from natural person to a corporate entity, department, agency, etc to do or accept something, e.g. &quot;заявление о выдаче паспорта&quot; is a request for new passport, or &quot;заявление на отпуск&quot; is request for vacation. Bureaucracy stuff.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;Заявление о приеме на работу&quot; - job application&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Заявка&lt;/strong&gt; is an announcement of intention, very similar to request. E.g.:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;заявка об оплате&quot; is a bill from a company for their services (announcement that you have to pay / request for payment)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;заявка в санаторий&quot; in communism UdSSR employers offered their employees to visit a sanatorium (kind of spa hotel).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;заявка в газете&quot; is announcement or advertisement in a newspaper (like &quot;sell my mixer, alsmost new, call me maybe&quot;)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;заявка на кредит&quot; annouce, that you want a bank credit / request for bank credit&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;заявка на участие в конкурсе&quot; announcement, that you want to join some contest / competition&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually every request is kind of announcement, that you want something. But &quot;заявка&quot; is more &quot;i want to ...&quot; and not &quot;could i do ... ?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7371" LastEditorUserId="7371" LastEditDate="2016-06-20T12:25:56.880" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T12:25:56.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12659" CreationDate="2016-06-20T11:39:23.613" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I understand, term &lt;em&gt;job application&lt;/em&gt; means first step in job seeking process, when a person, who needs the work, sends a resume. There is no term for this in Russian. On russian job seeking sites, like hh.ru or others, this action is called &quot;откликнуться на вакансию&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In colloquial speech, you can use &quot;отправить резюме&quot;. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вчера наконец-то нашел отличную вакансию! Отправил резюме сразу же, теперь жду ответа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T11:39:23.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12664" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12665" CreationDate="2016-06-20T16:51:35.393" Score="4" ViewCount="605" Body="&lt;p&gt;How should one express the concept of &quot;&lt;em&gt;take turns&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in Russian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;em&gt;taking turns&lt;/em&gt; using the bench press in the gym, or &lt;em&gt;taking turns&lt;/em&gt; on the Xbox controller or iPad. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T18:37:37.347" Title="&quot;Take turns&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12664" CreationDate="2016-06-20T16:56:09.503" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;em&gt;по очереди&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Jim and Bob are taking turns playing with their mom's Xbox // Джим и Боб играют в мамин Xbox по очереди.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T16:56:09.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12664" CreationDate="2016-06-20T18:37:37.347" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add something to (completely valid) @Quassnoi answer. Sometimes &amp;quot;поочерёдно&amp;quot; form is appropriate as well. Regarding your examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поочерёдно занимая скамейку для жима лёжа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поочерёдно занимая iPad&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T18:37:37.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12659" CreationDate="2016-06-20T19:41:16.810" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Заявление&quot; doesn't always mean &quot;application&quot;. It can also mean &quot;a statement&quot;. For example: &quot;я катергорически не согласен с вашим заявлением!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In cases when it does mean &quot;application&quot;, &quot;заявка&quot; is kinda similar, but not quite the same. &quot;Заявление&quot; is more closely associated with the actual official paperwork that the application involves. It is also more of a &lt;em&gt;request&lt;/em&gt;, while &quot;заявка&quot; is kinda closer to a statement of intent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, one would, usually say &quot;я подал заявку на участие в соревнованиях&quot;, not &quot;я подал заявление ...&quot;, because you are not asking someone to let you compete, rather just notifying them that you intend to do so.  On the other hand, if you would like to get a visa to visit Russia, you would send a &quot;заявление&quot; to the embassy, not &quot;заявку&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The examples in one of the other answers (like &quot;заявка на кредит&quot; or &quot;заявка в санаторий&quot;)  are actually incorrect (those would be &quot;заявления&quot;). &#xA;&quot;Заявка в газете&quot; is wrong too (it is &quot;объявление&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One way to look at it is that &quot;заявление&quot; is asking somebody to do something, while &quot;заявка&quot; is notifying someone about something you intend to do (even if you actually need their permission to do it - that's where the boundary with &quot;заявление&quot; becomes kinda fuzzy).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, another possible meaning of &quot;заявка&quot; is &quot;claim&quot;: &quot;это серьезная заявка на победу&quot; == &quot;this is a serious claim to victory&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7413" LastEditorUserId="7413" LastEditDate="2016-06-20T22:13:41.607" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T22:13:41.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12654" CreationDate="2016-06-20T23:08:59.400" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Words from the song &quot;На заре ты меня разбуди&quot; meaning wake me up at the sunrise. This is how &quot;Заря&quot; is mainly used. &quot;Заря&quot; is more kinda literature, poetry meaning of &quot;рассвет&quot; to me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7313" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T23:08:59.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12490" CreationDate="2016-06-20T23:42:19.943" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can write the following. Россия, бывший &quot;Cоюз&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7313" LastActivityDate="2016-06-20T23:42:19.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12671" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12674" CreationDate="2016-06-21T01:16:29.283" Score="10" ViewCount="36572" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как называется удлинитель, снабжённый двумя или более розетками?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NHySL.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NHySL.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-21T04:01:04.310" LastActivityDate="2020-12-10T19:22:52.410" Title="Как называется удлинитель, снабжённый двумя или более розетками?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;терминология&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12671" CreationDate="2016-06-21T01:23:07.437" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эта штука называется всего-навсего &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com.ua/search?tbm=isch&amp;amp;q=electronics&amp;amp;oq=&amp;amp;gs_l=#tbm=isch&amp;amp;q=%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;удлинитель&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. С несколькими розетками — это &lt;em&gt;удлинитель с тремя/пятью/шестью розетками&lt;/em&gt;. Если внутри есть электронное устройство для подавления сетевых помех, тогда он называется &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%80&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;сетевой фильтр&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2016-06-21T01:30:58.460" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T01:30:58.460" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12671" CreationDate="2016-06-21T03:43:19.047" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;У этого устройства две главные функции - во-первых, длинный провод, чтобы можно было подключить электроприборы на большем расстоянии. Во-вторых, количество розеток. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В качестве обладателя первого свойства, действительно, ничего кроме как &lt;code&gt;удлинитель&lt;/code&gt; особо и не вспомнить. В качестве обладателя второго свойства, &#xA;строго говоря есть официозное &lt;code&gt;электрический разветвитель питания&lt;/code&gt;, но, так, разумеется, не говорят даже самые прожжённые канцеляристы. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А вот у разветвителя с тремя розетками есть вполне устоявшееся название - &lt;code&gt;тройник&lt;/code&gt; - и если он с удлинённым проводом тоже. При этом слова, например,  &lt;code&gt;двойник&lt;/code&gt; (в значении удлинитель с двумя розетками) по факту нет. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У профессионалов же употребляются прилагательные &lt;code&gt;двухгнездовой&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;трёхгнездовой&lt;/code&gt; и так далее удлинители/разветвители. Так же можно встретить термин &lt;code&gt;групповая розетка&lt;/code&gt;, например: &quot;групповая розетка на 4 гнезда&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-21T04:08:44.320" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T04:08:44.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12671" CreationDate="2016-06-21T05:40:55.510" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Дополню:&#xA;На большей части территории России эту штуку называют &quot;удлинитель&quot;.&#xA;При этом среди пожилого поколения, а так же в деревнях можно встретить название &quot;переноска&quot;, которое можно отнести к местному диалекту.&#xA;Так же, пожилые люди часто называют их &quot;тройник&quot; независимо от того, сколько в них розеток.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если в приборе имеется защита от перепадов напряжения - это &quot;сетевой фильтр&quot;.&#xA;Однако, большое количество людей называет их &quot;пилот&quot;, т.к. на момент появления сетевых фильтров в России самой распространенной фирмой, выпускающей их, была фирма &quot;PILOT&quot;, а т.к. особенно старшее поколение не знало правильного названия - просто читали единственное слово, написанное на сетевом фильтре. Название прижилось, но сейчас используется чаще взрослыми людьми.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подобное (Как с PILOT) так же было с копировальными аппарат фирмы Xerox - это настолько прижилось, что сейчас практически любой русскоговорящий человек назовет любой копировальный аппарат &quot;ксерокс&quot;, независимо от фирмы-производителя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7344" LastEditorUserId="7344" LastEditDate="2016-06-21T10:11:02.920" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T10:11:02.920" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12676" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12677" CreationDate="2016-06-21T20:53:51.753" Score="5" ViewCount="1880" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мой первый здесь вопрос. Заголовок я постарался сделать забавным, но вопрос вполне серьёзен. &#xA;Друг спросил сегодня, нет ли общего происхождения у вышеозначенных слов.&#xA;У меня под рукой нет словарей, сам ничего об этом не знаю, прошу помощи лингвистов-профессионалов - какова этимология слов &quot;жрать&quot; и &quot;жрец&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чутьё подсказывает, что ничего общего между ними нет, но чутьё - не наш метод :-) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-22T00:15:46.783" LastActivityDate="2020-08-07T17:21:03.680" Title="&quot;Жратва&quot; и &quot;жертва&quot;, &quot;жрать&quot; и &quot;жрец&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12676" CreationDate="2016-06-21T21:38:27.667" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Насколько я знаю, это всё-таки народная этимология - слова эти разного происхождения. Слово &quot;жрец&quot; (и &quot;жертва&quot;) связано с группой значений, которое в других индоевропейских языках обозначают такие сущности как восхваление, превозношение, благодарность. В частности итальянское grazie (спасибо) - оно родственное русскому &quot;жрец&quot;. Индоевропейский же корень был &lt;a href=&quot;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/etymology.cgi?single=1&amp;amp;basename=%2Fdata%2Fie%2Fpiet&amp;amp;text_number=%20%201763&amp;amp;root=config&quot;&gt;*gʷerǝ-/ *gʷrā&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А слово &quot;жрать&quot; родственно русскому слову &quot;корм&quot; и происходит от праиндоевропейского корня &lt;a href=&quot;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&amp;amp;basename=%2Fdata%2Fie%2Fpiet&amp;amp;text_number=%20%201759&amp;amp;root=config&amp;amp;encoding=utf-rus&quot;&gt;*gʷere-, *gʷrō-&lt;/a&gt; &#xA;Я не индоевропеист и не рискну предполагать как были связаны эти два корня, но даже если и были - к русскому языку это точно не имеет отношения. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2016-06-21T21:38:27.667" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12678" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12679" CreationDate="2016-06-22T21:35:49.390" Score="3" ViewCount="315" Body="&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolij_Isakovi%C4%8D_Lur%27ie&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Anatolij Isakovič Lur'ie&lt;/a&gt;) A. I. Lur'e was a great mathematician from USSR, however no one that I know of knows how to properly pronounce his name, especially last name. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can a Russian speaker guide a English speaker to properly pronounce his name?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А. И. Лурье был великий математик из СССР , однако никто из тех, кого я знаю, не знает, как правильно произносить его имя, особенно фамилию. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Может ли носитель русского языка  обьяснить носителю английского, как правильно произносить это имя ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7444" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2016-06-22T21:45:37.760" LastActivityDate="2016-06-23T10:53:53.410" Title="How to properly pronounce Lur'e for a English speaker" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12678" CreationDate="2016-06-22T21:42:01.407" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would spell the pronunciation this way: &quot;Anatoly ie-ssakovich loo-rr-yeah&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2016-06-22T21:47:38.267" LastActivityDate="2016-06-22T21:47:38.267" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12678" CreationDate="2016-06-23T00:29:31.217" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are some tips that can help you in similar situations in future - just search youtube and it's pretty straightforward to find some video mentioning this particular person. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is found in 2 minutes:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/JuW1rRcgzoA?t=16s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/JuW1rRcgzoA?t=16s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are a MacOS user then pretty often (but not always, that's for sure), this can give a hint:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;say -v Milena Лурье&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way Лурье is pronounced by Milena (it's voice used for Russian) perfectly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-06-23T05:07:37.660" LastActivityDate="2016-06-23T05:07:37.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12678" CreationDate="2016-06-23T10:26:47.583" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IPA&lt;/a&gt; transcription should be like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ɐnɐtˈolʲɪj ɪsˈakəvʲɪt͡ɕ lurʲjˈe&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering &quot;how to pronounce that Russian r-r-r&quot;, you may look into &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_flaps&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wiki&lt;/a&gt; which kindly explains that it's &quot;dental apical palatalized tap&quot; or sometimes &quot;dental apical palatalized trill&quot;. This essentially means that you have to tap your upper teeth with the tip of your tongue (and possibly even to make it to reverberate). But I doubt you can do such a trick without practicing a couple of weeks ;-) At least when I was about seven years old, I had to visit my speech therapist for about a fortnight to improve my native Russian speech skill and to learn to spell that damned &quot;r-r-r&quot; flawlessly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-06-23T10:26:47.583" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12678" CreationDate="2016-06-23T10:53:53.410" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;The same way you pronounce &quot;Fourier&quot;. The both are French surnames.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-06-23T10:53:53.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12685" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12687" CreationDate="2016-06-28T16:25:07.240" Score="7" ViewCount="329" Body="&lt;p&gt;Attempting to understand воинская часть.  Initially I just thought it meant &quot;troop group&quot;, but after seeing it in other contexts that didn't fit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've done the due diligence of looking up this word in dictionaries and on Wikipedia: &quot;организационно самостоятельная боевая, учебная и административно-хозяйственная единица в Вооружённых Силах (ВС)&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I still feel like I'm missing a key part of it.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Currently &quot;military installation personnel&quot; is what I'm using, but I still feel that is not the full meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would be the corresponding U.S. military term?  Or would it be better to have a sentence describing the term initially?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example 1: &quot;Подготовку спланировать в ходе тренировки в управлении воинских частей - под руководством начальников.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example 2: &quot;Управление соединениями, воинскими частями в ходе проведения наступательной операции.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7369" LastEditorUserId="7369" LastEditDate="2016-06-28T17:13:14.043" LastActivityDate="2016-07-08T16:25:46.757" Title="Easiest way to understand воинская часть for the modern Russian military" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12686" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12685" CreationDate="2016-06-28T16:55:55.980" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Military base' most likely. This is usually a fenced territory with some purportedly complete set of military personnel and/or war machines, planes etc. inside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7310" LastActivityDate="2016-06-28T16:55:55.980" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12685" CreationDate="2016-06-28T18:02:12.507" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two related yet distinct terms: &lt;em&gt;воинская часть&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;войсковая часть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Воинская часть&lt;/em&gt; is primarily a management entity, similar to a branch in civilian corporations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has its own bank account, keeps its own books, usually is stationed on its own base etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on the service branch, it can be a regiment (&lt;em&gt;полк&lt;/em&gt;), squadron (&lt;em&gt;эскадрилья&lt;/em&gt;), division (&lt;em&gt;дивизион&lt;/em&gt;) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every such unit has its own name, or, rather, a set of two names.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first one, the real name (&lt;em&gt;действительное наименование&lt;/em&gt;) is used internally in the military paperwork. It discloses the organizational structure of the unit, and, as such, is classified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one, the open name (&lt;em&gt;открытое наименование&lt;/em&gt;) is used when dealing with the rest of the world. It looks like this: &lt;em&gt;войсковая часть XXXXX&lt;/em&gt;, where XXXXX is an opaque number. The unit uses it when legally incorporating and applying for a taxpayer's identification number (&lt;em&gt;ИНН&lt;/em&gt;), dealing with civilian suppliers, sending and receiving unclassified mail etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;em&gt;войсковая часть 12345&lt;/em&gt; would be the open name for a &lt;em&gt;воинская часть&lt;/em&gt;, which on its turn is a separate legal entity and a military unit. This open name is pretty much all the civilians are supposed to know of this unit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-06-29T21:00:56.933" LastActivityDate="2016-06-29T21:00:56.933" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1211" CreationDate="2016-06-28T19:51:22.750" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is the explanation which we used in an introductory course. One of the things we emphasized was that you cannot treat Russian words as one-for-one replacements for English words. You have to treat them as words in their own right with their own definitions. Therefore we defined the verbs used in these expressions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;лежать--to lie fallen or stretched out. A knife can лежит and will unless you stand it up inside a glass or stick it into the table. I drinking glass will лежит if you knock it over. A dinner plate cannot лежит because it is not tall enough to fall over!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;стоять--to stand in a vertical position, possibly on some kind of foot. A boy can стоит on his feet. Drinking glasses стоят on their bottoms which are a kind of foot. Dinner plates стоят too!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сидеть--to “sit” in the sense of occupying a sunk down but still upright position. A boy can сидит on a table or chair, but a drinking glass cannot because it has no legs to fold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These definitions are intended as a starting point for beginners. They obviously will not cover all cases where one must choose between стоять, лежать, and сидеть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We also prepared a video demonstration which you can see here:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.readyrussian.org/Videos/Motion%20and%20Location/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.readyrussian.org/Videos/Motion%20and%20Location/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastActivityDate="2016-06-28T19:51:22.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12567" CreationDate="2016-06-29T03:09:25.630" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer by Avi Gordon is wrong, позабыть does not mean forget multiple things. This verb does not have such connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The semantic difference between позабыть and забыть is in that позабыть means to forget permanently, while забыть means that one cannot remember the thing now even with effort but may recall later. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Забыть also can mean forgetting doing something or taking something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short: позабыть is permanently, забыть is temporary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я забыл ее имя. = I cannot remember her name. The reason may be any, my bad memory, untypical name, I heard the name only in passing, long time gone, I parted with her etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я позабыл ее имя. = I erased her name from my memory (means I parted with her for good).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-06-29T03:09:25.630" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12690" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12692" CreationDate="2016-06-29T11:06:53.813" Score="6" ViewCount="727" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can be translated the phrase &quot;Doing what makes you feel fulfilled&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm having trouble with the &quot;feel fulfilled&quot; part. According to Google Translator, it would be &lt;code&gt;чувствовать себя выполнены&lt;/code&gt;, but I'm not sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Doing what makes you feel fulfilled&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; implies&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Doing what you love:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Делая то, что ты любишь/ Занимаясь тем, что ты любишь/тебе нравится.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I have the feeling that none of these translations transmits what the expression ''feel fulfilled'' does (that combined feeling of happiness and satisfaction when doing/achieving something).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks!!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7464" LastEditorUserId="7464" LastEditDate="2016-06-29T20:03:29.790" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T08:01:14.880" Title="How to translate &quot;Doing what makes you feel fulfilled&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12690" CreationDate="2016-06-29T11:38:00.047" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;чувствовать себя выполнены&quot; - это бред :) even if we add the apparently missing &quot;м&quot; at the end.  &quot;Делать то, что приносит удовлетворение&quot;, &quot;Делать то, что приносит чувство удовлетворения&quot; - that's off the top of my head.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastActivityDate="2016-06-29T11:38:00.047" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12692" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12690" CreationDate="2016-06-29T12:14:08.780" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use idiom &lt;code&gt;занятие по душе&lt;/code&gt; (literally &amp;quot;business for the soul&amp;quot;). Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Найди себе занятие по душе. - Find something, what you will like to do&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Делай то, что тебе по душе. - Do what you like to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-06-29T12:14:08.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12693" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12690" CreationDate="2016-06-29T13:15:43.490" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say &quot;fulfilled&quot; means &quot;воплощенным&quot; here, sooner than &quot;выполненным&quot;, but that doesn't make things much better, I am afraid :)&#xA;I would translate &quot;do what makes you feel fulfilled&quot; as &quot;занимайся тем, в чем ты видишь свое предназначение&quot;. &#xA;And no, it is not at all the same as &quot;doing what you like&quot;, as the accepted answer incorrectly suggests.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7413" LastEditorUserId="7413" LastEditDate="2016-06-29T14:20:28.987" LastActivityDate="2016-06-29T14:20:28.987" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12690" CreationDate="2016-06-29T16:39:47.080" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Думаю, что правильны все версии, все зависит от того, на каком уровне это говорится I believe all variants are correct, depending on the register.&#xA;На бытовом(как минимум)(not covering the full meaning )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Делай то,что тебе по душе/нравится.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На лекции психолога &#xA;(A psychologist speaking ):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Делайте то, что поможет вам полностью &lt;strong&gt;реализовать свои возможности&lt;/strong&gt; / быть &lt;strong&gt;довольным самим собой/жизнью&lt;/strong&gt;,принесет вам &lt;strong&gt;чувство удовлетворения&lt;/strong&gt;(bookish,official ),etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strictly speaking, there's no context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-06-30T04:20:31.850" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T04:20:31.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12695" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12690" CreationDate="2016-06-30T08:01:14.880" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Делай то, что делает твою жизнь осмысленной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Делай то, что наполняет твою жизнь смыслом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best translation of &quot;to feel fulfilled&quot; that I can think of is &lt;em&gt;чувствовать себя самореализованным&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1640" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T08:01:14.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12696" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12705" CreationDate="2016-06-30T09:05:15.127" Score="3" ViewCount="4110" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какой вопрос задавать к слову &quot;получится&quot; в предложении &quot;Получится ли?&quot; для проверки &quot;-тся/-ться&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7470" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2016-06-30T13:00:46.923" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T18:05:21.233" Title="Какой вопрос задавать к слову получится?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12697" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12701" CreationDate="2016-06-30T09:11:56.707" Score="2" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm curious about the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;в самом себе&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On its own, does it mean &lt;em&gt;in itself&lt;/em&gt;, but in different contexts it can take on different meanings? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in a sentence like &lt;strong&gt;Ищите причину неудач в самом себе&lt;/strong&gt;, the meaning changes to &lt;em&gt;in yourself&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-07-01T17:07:06.157" Title="Meaning of &quot;в самом себе&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12698" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12697" CreationDate="2016-06-30T09:37:48.463" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;in the subject of this sentence&quot;. In your example, the subject is the person who is supposed to look for the reason, so, &quot;yourself&quot; is the right translation. When used without imperative it would be like &quot;Я ищу причину неудач в самом себе&quot; — &quot;Я&quot; is the subject, so, I'm looking for the reason in myself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4620" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T09:37:48.463" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12696" CreationDate="2016-06-30T09:39:41.160" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Что сделает? — Получится&quot;. Это будущее время.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4620" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T09:39:41.160" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12697" CreationDate="2016-06-30T11:47:39.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;but in different contexts it can take on different meanings? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No! It always means the same thing - the source of the mentioned action. You have to translate it differently because of different usage of words &quot;сам&quot; and &quot;self&quot; in Russian and Englisch respectively. You can say neither *&quot;I did it self&quot; nor *&quot;You did it self&quot; nor *&quot;He did it self&quot;. You must always mention whose &quot;self&quot; did it: &lt;strong&gt;my&lt;/strong&gt;self, &lt;strong&gt;your&lt;/strong&gt;self or &lt;strong&gt;him&lt;/strong&gt;self. That's how English &quot;self&quot; works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian you say &quot;Я сделал это сам&quot;, &quot;Ты сделал это сам&quot; or &quot;Он сделал это сам&quot;. Note that it's always &quot;сам&quot; and you must not specify whose &quot;сам&quot; it was (and I think it's even not possible in Russian). That's how Russian &quot;сам&quot; works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T11:47:39.047" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12697" CreationDate="2016-06-30T12:21:44.103" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;On its own, &lt;strong&gt;в самом себе&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;within oneself&lt;/strong&gt;. There can be changes in gender (feminine: &lt;strong&gt;в самой себе&lt;/strong&gt;) and in number (plural: &lt;strong&gt;в самих себе&lt;/strong&gt;). Your example is an imperative sentence referring to &lt;strong&gt;you&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;вы&lt;/strong&gt;, a polite form).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ищите причину неудач &lt;strong&gt;в самом себе&lt;/strong&gt;. (Find the reason of your misfortune/failure &lt;strong&gt;within yourself&lt;/strong&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6354" LastEditDate="2016-07-01T17:07:06.157" LastActivityDate="2016-07-01T17:07:06.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="256" CreationDate="2016-06-30T13:37:23.620" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am answering this question even though it is old because it seems to me that though there are already several interesting answers, none of them is simple and direct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Words ending in -нибудь refer casually to something unknown to the speaker which we might choose to mention. Words ending with -либо add the thought of &quot;at all&quot; or &quot;whatsoever&quot; and so call for strict interpretation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кто-нибудь--anyone, someone or other&lt;br&gt;&#xA;кто-либо--anyone at all&lt;br&gt;&#xA;когда-нибудь--ever, someday (usually in the future)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;когда-либо--at any time whatsoever (usually in the past)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@FlashCactus says that -либо sounds more official. But this is not a mere matter of style. It is because -либо conveys an idea which officials often need to convey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, at a dinner party you might be asked:&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Были ли вы когда-нибудь в России?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Have you ever been to Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have made any significant visits to Russian, this information may be helpful. But a customs or immigration official might ask:&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Совершили ли вы когда-либо неразрешеный въезд на территорию Российской федерации?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Have you at any time entered the Russian Federation without permission?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The official is enforcing strict rules. He needs to know about all visits, even those you do not consider important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastEditorUserId="4753" LastEditDate="2017-06-09T16:26:24.190" LastActivityDate="2017-06-09T16:26:24.190" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12696" CreationDate="2016-06-30T16:44:17.480" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depends on where the accent is. &quot;ПолУчится ли&quot; - что сделает? &quot;ПолучИться ли&quot; - что сделать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7413" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T16:44:17.480" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12697" CreationDate="2016-06-30T17:30:00.463" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It actually never means &quot;in itself&quot;, because it always applies to an animate subject. Could be &quot;[with]in yourself&quot;, &quot;[with]in myself&quot; or &quot;[with]in oneself&quot;, as another answer put it, &quot;in the subject of this sentence&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &quot;in itself&quot;, I don't think, there is actually a matching reflective pronoun in Russian, that could be properly applied to an inanimate subject. So, there would not be an exact literal translation in this case, although there are many possible variations. For example, one could translate something like &quot;Ответ содержится в самом вопросе&quot; as &quot;The answer is in the question itself&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Re. reflective pronouns, you can actually say something like &quot;Пустыня отвоевала для &lt;em&gt;себя&lt;/em&gt; часть территории у моря&quot; - Dessert won some of the territory from the seа for itself. But I would still say, that here the dessert is being considered like an animate object in some metaphorical sense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7413" LastEditorUserId="7413" LastEditDate="2016-06-30T17:39:24.907" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T17:39:24.907" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12696" CreationDate="2016-06-30T18:05:21.233" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нужно задавать тот вопрос, на который интересующий вас глагол отвечает (а иначе какой смысл его задавать?!). Если не очевидно, на какой вопрос отвечает слово, попробуйте представить, что вы его не расслышали в разговоре и хотите переспросить. А дальше в случае &quot;-тся/-ться&quot; все просто: если в проверочном вопросе глагол &quot;делать&quot; стоит в форме с мягким знаком, то и ваш глагол будет с мягким знаком, а если в вопросе мягкого знака нет - то и в вашем глаголе не будет. Примеры:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Получится ли?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Что сделае&lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt;?&#xA;-- Получи&lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt;ся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. А может ли не получиться?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Может что сдела&lt;em&gt;ть&lt;/em&gt;?&#xA;-- Не получи&lt;em&gt;ть&lt;/em&gt;ся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Мне нравится эта книга.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Книга что делае&lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt;?&#xA;-- Нрави&lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt;ся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4. У него талант нравиться людям.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Талант что дела&lt;em&gt;ть&lt;/em&gt;?&#xA;-- Нрави&lt;em&gt;ть&lt;/em&gt;ся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T18:05:21.233" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12490" CreationDate="2016-06-30T20:55:22.460" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not really that often when you read such things in Russian. But if you really need to connect the idea of Russian past to its name, I would recommend Россия (бывший СССР). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7475" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T20:55:22.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12654" CreationDate="2016-06-30T21:04:50.933" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Заря из more like a natural event, what you actually see. And рассвет is more like a process. &quot;Рассвет застал их вместе в поле&quot; and &quot;Они увидели невиданной красоты зарю&quot;.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7475" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T21:04:50.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12654" CreationDate="2016-06-30T21:48:49.460" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;заря&quot; and &quot;сумерки&quot; do &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; &quot;mean the same&quot;, like the accepted answer incorrectly suggests. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The former, is the red coloring of the sky before sunrise or after sunset. The latter is a specific time of day (there are actually notions of &quot;civil twilight&quot; - &quot;гражданские сумерки&quot;, &quot;nautical twilight&quot;, etc.), and/or a reference to a specific lighting conditions, darker than the daylight, but lighter than night. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These two words do not mean the same thing at all. In fact, the only thing that relates them is that the former usually (not always) happens during the latter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think, the problem here is that &quot;заря&quot; has two different meanings. The first meaning, one being mostly discussed here, is, like I said, the beautiful red coloring of the sky that can sometimes be seen just before the sunrise, or soon after sunset. I don't think there is actually a specific English word for this, other than &quot;red skies&quot;.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_sky_at_morning&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_sky_at_morning&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A closely related Russian word (the word is related, not the phenomenon) is &quot;зарница&quot;, which corresponds to English &quot;heat lightning&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other meaning is indeed synonymous with &quot;рассвет&quot; (dawn), signifying the beginning of day (or, more widely, the beginning of a new period): &#xA;&quot;на заре ты ее не буди ...&quot;, &quot;заря новой жизни...&quot; etc.&#xA;In such context, the proper translation would be &quot;dawn&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7413" LastActivityDate="2016-06-30T21:48:49.460" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12710" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-01T04:52:46.700" Score="4" ViewCount="561" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have run across two terms, головная боль and болит голова. Do they mean different things, or are they used in different ways?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7476" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-07-01T06:03:13.943" LastActivityDate="2016-07-01T14:39:33.233" Title="What is the right way to say &quot;headache&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12710" CreationDate="2016-07-01T05:58:28.557" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They mean exactly the same thing, &lt;code&gt;головная боль&lt;/code&gt; is the headache, the &lt;code&gt;[у меня] болит голова&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;[I'm] having a headache&lt;/code&gt;. The phrase &lt;code&gt;у меня головная боль&lt;/code&gt; is, though grammatically correct, quite unnatural. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2016-07-01T05:58:28.557" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12710" CreationDate="2016-07-01T07:33:25.223" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;They both mean the same but &quot;головная боль&quot; is more official, you hardly hear it in conversations. It's mostly &quot;у меня (него/её) болит/болела голова&quot; what people say, not &quot;у меня головная боль&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both can also be used in figurative way with meaning &quot;to feel concerned about smth.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;У меня голова болит по поводу завтрашнего экзамена&quot; - &quot;I worry about my tomorrow's exam&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-07-01T07:33:25.223" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12710" CreationDate="2016-07-01T14:09:25.723" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Головная боль = headache (&quot;головная&quot; is an ajective and &quot;боль&quot; is a noun). Голова болит = (My) head hurts (&quot;голова&quot; is a noun and &quot;болит&quot; is a verb).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, ones don't say &quot;&lt;em&gt;У меня головная боль&lt;/em&gt;&quot; = &quot;&lt;em&gt;I've got a headache&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, you should say: &quot;&lt;em&gt;У меня болит голова&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (more appropriate) or &quot;&lt;em&gt;У меня голова болит&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (less appropriate).  &quot;&lt;em&gt;У меня гловная боль&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is in 16 time less common than &quot;&lt;em&gt;У меня болит голова&lt;/em&gt;&quot; due to Google search.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it's normal to say in plural: &quot;&lt;em&gt;У меня головн&lt;strong&gt;ые&lt;/strong&gt; бол&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; that means &quot;&lt;em&gt;I have regular headache&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also I don't agree that &quot;голова болит&quot; figuratively means &quot;worry&quot;, that means &quot;tired, sick&quot;: &quot;&lt;em&gt;У меня голова болит от моих соседей&lt;/em&gt;&quot; = &quot;&lt;em&gt;I'm sick of my neighbours&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7478" LastEditorUserId="7478" LastEditDate="2016-07-01T14:39:33.233" LastActivityDate="2016-07-01T14:39:33.233" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12716" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12743" CreationDate="2016-07-02T09:29:27.550" Score="5" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across the word &lt;strong&gt;весточки&lt;/strong&gt;, which apparently means &lt;strong&gt;message&lt;/strong&gt;. There doesn't seem to be much info about it, so I assume it is an unpopular word, perhaps outdated. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it still in use? If so, in what context? What's its gender? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-07-08T09:49:32.637" LastActivityDate="2016-07-08T09:49:32.637" Title="Usage of &quot;весточки&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12716" CreationDate="2016-07-02T10:22:33.487" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can hear this word sometimes in our, Russian, villages, much rare in cities. So, it is used when you wanna, for example ask about some news,messages from your relatives, friend ets...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7482" LastActivityDate="2016-07-02T10:22:33.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12718" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12719" CreationDate="2016-07-02T12:51:07.973" Score="2" ViewCount="902" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do I know when should I use мне или меня &#xA;тебе тебя?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7483" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T10:26:38.670" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T10:26:38.670" Title="How to differntiate with &quot;кого&quot; и &quot;кому&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12718" CreationDate="2016-07-02T13:03:26.637" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мне&quot; и &quot;тебе&quot; is the dative case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; &quot;To whom? - to me&quot;. &quot;Кому? - мне&quot;.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Меня и тебя&quot; is genitive: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;For whom? - for you&quot;. &quot;From whom? - from me&quot;. &#xA;&quot;Для кого? - Для тебя&quot;. &quot;От кого? - От меня&quot;.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7413" LastActivityDate="2016-07-02T13:03:26.637" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12716" CreationDate="2016-07-02T13:13:06.790" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;весточки&quot; is plural of &quot;весточка&quot;. This is a feminine noun, diminutive of &quot;весть&quot;, that indeed means loosely &quot;message&quot; or &quot;news&quot;. &quot;Получить весть от ...&quot; means &quot;to hear from ...&quot;. &#xA;It is a bit archaic, and not used a lot nowadays, especially the diminutive form. You are, probably, better off sticking with some more modern equivalents: &quot;сообщение&quot;, &quot;новость&quot;, &quot;известие&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7413" LastEditorUserId="7413" LastEditDate="2016-07-02T13:24:32.397" LastActivityDate="2016-07-02T13:24:32.397" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12716" CreationDate="2016-07-02T13:19:08.660" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a nice cute way to say regardless where you live. You can describe this way any news, information from someone who is dear to your heart, something you have been waiting for pationately. Examples, что-то нет ни одной весточки от моей дочки, а ведь прошла целая неделя как она уехала. Another one. До меня долетела весточка, что с ним всё в порядке и он хорошо добрался.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7475" LastActivityDate="2016-07-02T13:19:08.660" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12722" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12723" CreationDate="2016-07-02T18:45:03.483" Score="4" ViewCount="282" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assume that you are talking with a woman whom you address with &quot;вы&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to say, &quot;You were here&quot;, which would be correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вы была здесь.&#xA;Вы были здесь.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume that the second one is correct, using the plural rather than the feminine form of the verb. Is that correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to say, &quot;You are beautiful&quot;, which would be correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вы красивая.&#xA;Вы Красивые.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume that the first one is correct, using the feminine rather than the plural form of the adjective. Is that correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I am correct in both of these cases, is there any explanation for this inconsistency? And how would you say, &quot;You were beautiful&quot;? With the plural verb and the feminine singular adjective?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5375" LastActivityDate="2016-07-04T08:37:39.067" Title="Gender agreement for verbs and adjectives" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12722" CreationDate="2016-07-02T20:08:31.110" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a subject-verb agreement like in your first sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я иду, ты идешь, он идет, мы идем, вы идете, они идут (see verb conjugation)(present).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я был (была), ты был (была), он был, она была, мы были, вы были, они были (past)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;strong&gt;вы были&lt;/strong&gt; is correct. As for adjectives, you should bear in mind that they denote nouns and thus should agree with &lt;strong&gt;nouns&lt;/strong&gt;. If you want to say &amp;quot;You are beautiful (handsome)&amp;quot; to a woman, change a bit your sentence to make it clear who is your compliment addressed to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы – красивая (женщина, девушка) (You are a beautiful girl (woman).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы – красивый мужчина (парень, юноша) (You are a handsome man (fellow).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы – красивые люди. (plural)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if a woman is meant Вы (polite form) – &lt;strong&gt;красивая&lt;/strong&gt; is correct. But (thanks to Yellow Sky) there should be an important addition. If we have a short form of the same adjective &lt;strong&gt;красив, -а, -о, -ы&lt;/strong&gt; which functions as a part of a predicate, the picture will be different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы &lt;strong&gt;красивы&lt;/strong&gt;. (No matter who it is addressed to, a man, a woman, some people, after a polite &amp;quot;Вы&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other forms with a short form would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я красив/красива, ты красив/красива, он красив, она красива, мы красивы, вы красивы, они красивы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tbe past forms are either&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы были красивы (a polite вы, a verb +a short adjective) or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы были красивой(instrumental case).&#xA;There's no change in meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-07-04T08:37:39.067" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12490" CreationDate="2016-07-03T12:29:54.313" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this certain case, you could use &quot;ранее&quot; - &quot;Россия, ранее СССР&quot;. Not mentioning it is actually incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6824" LastActivityDate="2016-07-03T12:29:54.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12726" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12730" CreationDate="2016-07-03T19:00:03.713" Score="2" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had thought that &amp;quot;вслед за чем&amp;quot; was used in the capacity of &lt;em&gt;куда&lt;/em&gt; (e.g. &amp;quot;Я шел — и вслед за мною шли / Какие-то неистовые люди&amp;quot; --A. Blok, &amp;quot;Он отправился вслед за нею; но толпа разделила их&amp;quot; --Gogol, &lt;em&gt;Nevskij Prospekt&lt;/em&gt;), whereas &amp;quot;вслед чему&amp;quot; was used for &lt;em&gt;где&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;Спаси тебя Бог, — говорит она вслед тому, кто ее не слышит&amp;quot; --Olga Sedakova).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So [I thought] I learned from a very proper Russian teacher. However, a search online reveals that &amp;quot;вслед чему&amp;quot; is seemingly quite often used for &lt;em&gt;куда&lt;/em&gt;--particularly following &amp;quot;смотреть,&amp;quot; but in other contexts too (the &lt;a href=&quot;http://upravlenie.academic.ru/287/%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dictionary&lt;/a&gt; gives the example &amp;quot;Вершинин погнал лошадь вдоль линии железной дороги, вслед убегающему бронепоезду (Вс. Иванов).&amp;quot;) The same dictionary says, rather confusingly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вслед — кому чему и за кем чем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;кому чему (&lt;strong&gt;по направлению&lt;/strong&gt;, в сторону кого , чего л. удаляющегося). Смотреть вслед ушедшим.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...and &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ogegova/30306/%D0%92%D0%A1%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%94&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;elsewhere&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ВСЛЕД&#xA;2. кому (чему), предл. с дат. &lt;strong&gt;По направлению&lt;/strong&gt; за кем-чем-н. Смотреть в. ушедшему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What gives? Is what I learned wrong? What rule(s) actually govern the use of these expressions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4238" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-07-04T12:45:07.337" Title="Difference between &quot;вслед за чем&quot; and &quot;вслед чему&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12726" CreationDate="2016-07-03T20:41:21.383" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are cases when those two expressions can be used interchangeable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g: Я бежал &lt;strong&gt;вслед за&lt;/strong&gt; поездом. - Я бежал &lt;strong&gt;вслед&lt;/strong&gt; поезду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I wouldn't say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Вслед&lt;/strong&gt; меня шли два человека&quot; instead of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;вслед за&lt;/strong&gt; мною&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*Maybe it has something to do with animate/inanimate feature of the object. Because &lt;em&gt;&quot;Спаси тебя Бог, — говорит она &lt;strong&gt;вслед&lt;/strong&gt; машине, которая проносится мимо неё&quot;&lt;/em&gt; sounds perfectly fine to me.* &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7487" LastActivityDate="2016-07-03T20:41:21.383" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12726" CreationDate="2016-07-03T20:48:11.813" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can see here following difference (in your examples and in all examples, which I can imagine). &lt;em&gt;Вслед за чем&lt;/em&gt; is used, when one person repeats action of another person:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пошел вслед за ним. - He went, and I followed him - I repeat his action (to go) and direction.&#xA;  Я назвал свое имя вслед за ним. - He said his name, and I repeated his action - I said my name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare second phrase with following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я сказал свое имя ему вслед.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the second type of phrase (&lt;em&gt;вслед кому&lt;/em&gt;) is used, and now it means &quot;He began to go away from me, and I said my name to him.&quot; Here is two different actions: one person goes, another - speaks. The same with your examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вершинин погнал лошадь вдоль линии железной дороги, вслед убегающему бронепоезду.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вершинин is riding a horse, train - runs. (Well, both are moving, that's why you can use here &lt;em&gt;погнал лошадь вслед за убегающим бронепоездом&lt;/em&gt;. But it is a bit different ways to move, so author used &lt;em&gt;вслед убегающему бронепоезду&lt;/em&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Спаси тебя Бог, — говорит она вслед тому, кто ее не слышит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here also different actions: she says, another person seems to go away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastEditorUserId="4481" LastEditDate="2016-07-04T12:45:07.337" LastActivityDate="2016-07-04T12:45:07.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12726" CreationDate="2016-07-03T20:52:21.880" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not about &quot;куда&quot; и &quot;где&quot;. More like &quot;after something&quot; or &quot;in the direction of something (going away)&quot;. &#xA;&quot;Вслед за ...&quot; means &quot;after&quot;. &quot;Я побежал вслед за поездом&quot; - I ran after the train (trying to catch up with it probably). &quot;Вслед за первой группой, отправилась вторая&quot; - the second group departed after the first one (not even necessarily in the same direction in this context, though, most of the time it is implied). &quot;Темная машина медленно тронулась вслед за нами&quot; (someone is after us!). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вслед кому-то&quot; is closer to &quot;in the direction of (something leaving)&quot;. &quot;Она грустно посмотрела ему вслед&quot;. Etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first case, there is usually something actually moving after the other thing, while in the other case, it's just a sense of direction - somebody is looking it that direction, or yelling in it, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not a very clear boundary at all, and also sometimes people just use it differently, either because they don't know better, or because they want to sound original. Your example with &quot;вслед убегающему бронепоезду&quot; is one of those cases. It would have been more fitting to say &quot;вслед за ...&quot; here, but when you are a prominent writer, you get to be a bit more playful with the rules sometimes than the rest of us can afford.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7413" LastEditorUserId="7413" LastEditDate="2016-07-03T21:01:03.807" LastActivityDate="2016-07-03T21:01:03.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12731" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12733" CreationDate="2016-07-04T09:02:28.477" Score="6" ViewCount="280" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand the translation of &lt;strong&gt;Мы предлагаем гостям чашку чаю&lt;/strong&gt; to be &quot;We offer a cup of tea to guests&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if this is so, shouldn't &lt;strong&gt;чай&lt;/strong&gt; be in the genitive case (&lt;strong&gt;чая&lt;/strong&gt;)? Why is it &lt;strong&gt;чаю&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps I'm interpreting the sentence incorrectly, or there is a nuanced grammar rule at play here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="6354" LastEditDate="2016-07-04T09:22:36.357" LastActivityDate="2016-09-01T01:14:30.223" Title="Why чаю, not чая, in &quot;мы предлагаем гостям чашку чаю&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12731" CreationDate="2016-07-04T09:37:19.120" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both &quot;чашку чаю&quot; and &quot;чашку чая&quot; are correct. The difference is that &quot;чаю&quot; is a spoken variant and &quot;чая&quot; is a stylistically neutral one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7487" LastEditorUserId="6354" LastEditDate="2016-07-05T08:03:35.103" LastActivityDate="2016-07-05T08:03:35.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12731" CreationDate="2016-07-04T11:43:37.943" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;(Translation of an &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/196/551&quot;&gt;answer in Russian&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an example of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partitive&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Partitive&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;частичного падежа&lt;/a&gt;). It is rarely used in Russian, usually with nouns that mean food or drinks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выпить воды (not all the water, but some water)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поесть хлеба (some bread)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выпить коньяку (some cognac)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Partitive usually matches Genitive case, but most masculine nouns like чай (tea), коньяк (cognac), бензинчик (gasoline), etc., have two forms of Partitive:  чая/чаю, коньяка/коньяку, бензинчика/бензинчику. Both variants are correct, but second one (that matches Dative case) is colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in second case, in a sentence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно мне ещё чая/чаю?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both variants are correct, because Partitive is used. However in case of &amp;quot;Я бы не отказался от чашки чая&amp;quot; the noun should be in Genitive case and so the correct form should be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я бы не отказался от чашки чая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-07-04T11:43:37.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12716" CreationDate="2016-07-04T14:06:00.320" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Contrary to the answer by Dima, the word (as diminutive) is not archaic. The non-deminutive form is archaic a bit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Весточки is plural, the sigular form весточка means a &lt;strong&gt;very small&lt;/strong&gt; and rare message about something of personal importance, from a place with which the communication is difficult, like whether a relative who lives far away is still alive or healthy. The word has positive connotation, so it usually means a message about something positive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-07-04T14:18:00.170" LastActivityDate="2016-07-04T14:18:00.170" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12735" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12737" CreationDate="2016-07-05T08:57:39.707" Score="6" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the best way to express &quot;relative(s)&quot; in Russian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) You're my favorite relative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) How many relatives do you have? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've come across some candidates (e.g., &lt;strong&gt;родные&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;родня&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;родственник&lt;/strong&gt;) but don't know what the differences between them are in meaning and/or usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-07-05T10:30:25.743" Title="Express &quot;relatives&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12735" CreationDate="2016-07-05T10:13:29.637" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Родня&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in broad meaning is the whole bunch of your relatives, kinsfolk. In narrow meaning &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;родня&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be used for one or several persons - &quot;Он мне родня (he's my relative)&quot;, &quot;Они мне родня (they are my relatives)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Родные&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  is mainly the same as &lt;strong&gt;родня&lt;/strong&gt;. Note that &quot;родной&quot; has also a meaning of genetic relation (as in &quot;родной брат&quot; (not step-brother). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Родственник&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is one of your relatives, one person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The most natural here is &quot;родственник&quot; - Ты мой самый любимый родственник. &quot;Ты моя самая любимая родня&quot; is also possible but would be very colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here you can say &quot;сколько у тебя родственников?&quot; or &quot;сколько у тебя родных?&quot; But the second sounds unnatural.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-07-05T10:13:29.637" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12735" CreationDate="2016-07-05T10:16:37.293" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Родня&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;родные&lt;/em&gt; are collective nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Родные&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;родня&lt;/em&gt; are close in meaning, however &lt;em&gt;родные&lt;/em&gt; more often than not means &quot;close family&quot;, those who you maintain relationship with, while &lt;em&gt;родня&lt;/em&gt; usually means &quot;extended family&quot;, those who are related to you, even if you are not in contact with them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are interested if a person comes from a numerous family, you'd ask:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У тебя много родни?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to ask if a person has a relative they can rely on, you ask:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У тебя есть кто-нибудь из родных?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are interested in exact number of relatives, you can't use collective nouns, so you'd just ask:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сколько у тебя родственников?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-07-05T10:16:37.293" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12735" CreationDate="2016-07-05T10:30:25.743" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition, &lt;strong&gt;родня&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;родные&lt;/strong&gt; are familiar words while &lt;strong&gt;родственник(и)&lt;/strong&gt; is much formal and widespread word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6602" LastActivityDate="2016-07-05T10:30:25.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="463" CreationDate="2016-07-05T11:49:48.997" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can suggest next explanation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I say &quot;встала и вышла&quot;, I don't want to take a responsibility for the action (to stand up and gou out). So, she did it by her self.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I say &quot;встань и выйди&quot;, I take a responsiblitiy for the action. I command!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7494" LastActivityDate="2016-07-05T11:49:48.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="463" CreationDate="2016-07-07T06:30:25.507" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using past tense as imperative is aggressive, offensive, and not accepting any resistance. You may understand &quot;Пошёл...&quot; as &quot;You must have been already going&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This form can be used in any phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, as Armen said, it can be not offensive if someone says &quot;Побежали&quot;, &quot;Понесли&quot;, &quot;Взяли&quot;, meaning &quot;us&quot;. That may be understood as &quot;Let's run&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6824" LastActivityDate="2016-07-07T06:30:25.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12743" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12716" CreationDate="2016-07-07T07:42:46.103" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Anixx has already written весточка is a short message from &quot;far away&quot;. In the beginning of 2000-ies this word was quite rare, but now it is used more and more often. Here's a graph based on &lt;a href=&quot;http://search2.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E2%E5%F1%F2%EE%F7%EA%E0&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;p=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ruscorpora.ru data&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/v7Ru6.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/v7Ru6.png&quot; alt=&quot;весточка usage graph&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruscorpora also gives plenty &lt;a href=&quot;http://search2.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E2%E5%F1%F2%EE%F7%EA%E0&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;p=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;examples of usage&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;(He) did not send letters to relatives and had not received any messages from them.&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сам не писал своим родным и от них не получал весточек. [Олег Павлов. Карагандинские девятины, или Повесть последних дней // «Октябрь», 2001] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;What can be more precious for us, emigrants than message from homeland?&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Весточка с Родины ― что может быть дороже для нас, эмигрантов, особенно таких, как я? [Григорий Горин. Иронические мемуары (1990-1998)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this example you can see that весточка is not a letter (&quot;We did not received from him nor letter nor message&quot;): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он меня вообще сильно жалел. И ни письма, ни весточки. Сколько ни добивались, никто нигде ничего нам толком не сказал. [Г. Я. Бакланов. В месте светлом, в месте злачном, в месте покойном (1995)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here the telegram equals to весточка (&quot;I recalled everything from first days of your life till the last message received from you - a telegram, received on June 30&quot;):  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;всё вспоминала от первых дней твоей жизни до последней весточки от тебя, телеграммы, полученной 30 июня. [Василий Гроссман. Жизнь и судьба, ч. 1 (1960)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This message usually is likely to have some written form, or through some third person. For example, phone call here is not a весточка &quot;(We did not receive) anything from Misha: nor message, nor greeting, nor phone call&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;От Миши не было ни одной весточки, ни привета, ни звонка. [Маша Трауб. Замочная скважина (2012)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, весточка, is usually a small message from a person to relatives from far away, in some written form, or sent via a third person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2016-07-07T07:42:46.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12744" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12811" CreationDate="2016-07-07T15:04:44.590" Score="3" ViewCount="268" Body="&lt;p&gt;When both are unstressed and reduced, they would be &lt;strong&gt;ɪj&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;ij&lt;/strong&gt; respectively. To me, however, they sound the same because the &lt;strong&gt;ɪ&lt;/strong&gt; in combination with the &lt;strong&gt;j&lt;/strong&gt; sound makes it sound the same is &lt;strong&gt;ij&lt;/strong&gt;, especially when it is said quickly. Are they actually meant to sound distinguishably different, or is it purely orthographical?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-07-15T17:20:13.097" Title="Pronunciation of ей vs ий" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12745" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12748" CreationDate="2016-07-07T16:46:13.110" Score="4" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently, a friend accused me of misgendering myself by using &quot;feminine&quot; verb endings. I am aware of many situations where there are verb endings for the grammatical gender of the noun, but when should I worry about inflecting words with my literal gender? I seem to recall a situation where this happens, but I can't find the explanation for it at the moment. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4828" LastActivityDate="2016-07-07T18:14:32.183" Title="Which grammatical situations depend on the literal gender of a speaker?" Tags="&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12744" CreationDate="2016-07-07T17:42:00.970" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Never use IPA when speaking about Russian. It simply does not fit. Use phonetic analysis system taught in Russian schools.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The transcription of these words are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;синей = &lt;a href=&quot;http://razborslova.ru/%D0%A1/%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[с'ин'эй']&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;синий = &lt;a href=&quot;http://razborslova.ru/%D0%A1/%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;[с'ин'ий']&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two different phonemes here. Even if they are not stressed they still retain their quality. Only [o]-&gt;[a] changes quality without stress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-07-07T17:42:00.970" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12745" CreationDate="2016-07-07T18:14:32.183" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Almost anything that can serve as an adjective: adjectives proper, participles, ordinal numerals, possessive pronouns etc.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я красивый (m.) / я красивая (f.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я богат (m.) / я богата (f.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я обиженный (m.) / я обиженная (f.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я первый (m.) / я первая (f.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я сам (m.) / я сама (m.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Verbs in past single (etymologically they are participles too):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я сделал (m.) / я сделала (f.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some collective numerals:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы оба (m.) / мы обе (f.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Двое из нас (m.) / две из нас (f.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Several nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я дурак (m.) / я дура (f.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я певец (m.) / я певица (f.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Several adverbs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я женат (m.) / я замужем (f.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я холост (m.) / я не замужем (f.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-07-07T18:14:32.183" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12749" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-08T04:58:46.953" Score="5" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase 'в человецех благоволение' means goodwill among men. What is the nominative of человецех?  It appears to be old Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7507" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-07-08T11:25:25.850" LastActivityDate="2016-07-15T14:30:21.563" Title="Derivation of word человецех" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12749" CreationDate="2016-07-08T06:06:27.077" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not &quot;old Russian&quot; but Church Slavonic language, obviously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though the Nominative case is just the same as in pre-reform orthography: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;человѣ́къ&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-07-08T06:06:27.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12751" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-08T07:17:04.207" Score="6" ViewCount="444" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the various ways to express &lt;em&gt;nothing&lt;/em&gt; in Russian, and the rules that govern usage? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, I came across this sentence: Жена умерла, и ему больше &lt;strong&gt;нечем&lt;/strong&gt; жить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why &lt;strong&gt;нечем&lt;/strong&gt; here and not &lt;strong&gt;ничего&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, when is it appropriate to use &lt;strong&gt;ничто&lt;/strong&gt; over its more commonly used genitive case, &lt;strong&gt;ничего&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-07-13T05:05:34.593" Title="&quot;Nothing&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12751" CreationDate="2016-07-08T08:38:47.297" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a colloquialism close to &quot;&lt;em&gt;nothing to live for&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, yet its literal meaning is &quot;nothing to live by&quot; which is an Instrumental case, so here we use &quot;&lt;em&gt;нечем&lt;/em&gt;&quot; which is an Instrumental case of a pronoun &quot;&lt;em&gt;нечего&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. On the other hand, &lt;em&gt;ничего&lt;/em&gt; is Genitive case of &lt;em&gt;ничто&lt;/em&gt;, so it shouldn't be used here by two causes: wrong pronoun and wrong case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering the difference between &lt;em&gt;ничто&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;нечего&lt;/em&gt;: &quot;&lt;em&gt;ничто&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is like &quot;void-object&quot;, while &quot;&lt;em&gt;нечего&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is &quot;no object&quot;. So &quot;&lt;em&gt;жить ничем&lt;/em&gt;&quot; means &quot;to live for Nothing, to live for Zero&quot;, while &quot;&lt;em&gt;жить нечем&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is &quot;to have no reason to live&quot; (or, sometimes, &quot;to have no money to live&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Concerning case usage &quot;&lt;em&gt;ничто&lt;/em&gt;&quot; vs. &quot;&lt;em&gt;ничего&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, you may want to look at this question: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/12444/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-why-%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE-and-not-%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE&quot;&gt;Why “ничего” and not “ничто”?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-07-08T08:38:47.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12685" CreationDate="2016-07-08T11:30:05.770" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to other replies, it has to be noted that this usage of 'часть' is quite generic. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;My grandmother served as an attending doctor in &lt;em&gt;медсанчасть&lt;/em&gt; (медико-санитарная часть, medical and sanitary department) at a factory; there also were other departments such as &lt;em&gt;хозчасть&lt;/em&gt; (хозяйственная часть, roughly, household department).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Firefighters depart for a fire from &lt;em&gt;пожарная часть&lt;/em&gt; (fire station).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In a large urban school, the deputy director immediately responsible for organization of classes and lessons is called &lt;em&gt;завуч&lt;/em&gt; (заведующий учебной частью).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traces of this terminology are found in railway professional jargon. Quite a number of their abbreviations consists of two letters where the first letter denotes a service and the second is 'Ч':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;ТЧ&lt;/em&gt;, originally 'тяговая часть', nowadays 'дистанция тяги' or simply 'депо', a locomotive/EMU/DMU depot,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;ВЧ&lt;/em&gt;, 'вагонная часть', wagon depot,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;ШЧ&lt;/em&gt;, originally 'шнуровая часть', nowadays 'дистанция сигнализации', a territorial branch of signalling service,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;ПЧ&lt;/em&gt;, originally 'путевая часть', nowadays 'дистанция пути', a territorial branch of track and building maintenance service,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;ЭЧ&lt;/em&gt;, 'электрическая часть' or 'дистанция электроснабжения', a territorial branch of power supply service, and so on.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2284" LastEditorUserId="2284" LastEditDate="2016-07-08T16:25:46.757" LastActivityDate="2016-07-08T16:25:46.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12751" CreationDate="2016-07-08T16:57:55.733" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This must have roots in the Church-Slavonic: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Не хлебом единым жив человек.&quot; - A man does not live by bread alone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice that &quot;хлебом&quot; is in the Instrumental case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian you can ask &quot;Чем он живет?&quot; which can be translated as &quot;What does he live for?&quot; or &quot;What is important in his life?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2016-07-08T16:57:55.733" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12755" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12757" CreationDate="2016-07-08T19:13:57.727" Score="4" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm mostly familiar with тыл in the military sense - &quot;rear of the battle&quot; or &quot;the home front&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However I recently encountered the phrase &quot;Тыльная сторона руки&quot;.  Which I understood to mean the back of the hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In what other collocations, idioms, or constructions is тыл or тыльный used?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can &quot;Тыльная сторона руки&quot; be used in the English idiom &quot;like the back of my hand&quot;?&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/know+like+the+back+of+hand&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/know+like+the+back+of+hand&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;.  Or does it only work with &quot;как свои пять пальцев.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When would you use &quot;тыльный&quot; instead of &quot;задний&quot;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7369" LastEditorUserId="7369" LastEditDate="2016-07-08T20:44:01.507" LastActivityDate="2016-07-08T22:44:29.447" Title="Тыльный - the rear, back or other side?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12751" CreationDate="2016-07-08T20:33:10.387" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ничего&lt;/strong&gt; (ничему, ничего, ничем, ни...чём) is used to denote &lt;em&gt;the absence of something&lt;/em&gt;, it refers to an  unidentified thing which doesn't exist or isn't present  and is the accusative of &lt;strong&gt;ничто&lt;/strong&gt;. &#xA;It declines similarily to the corresponding interrogative/relative pronoun. When it is used with a preposition, the prefix &lt;strong&gt;ни-&lt;/strong&gt; is detached and the preposition comes between ни and the second part of the pronoun (ни...чему, ни...чего, ни...чем). Note that ничто in the accusative case takes the forms of the genitive.&#xA;When it is used in a sentence, the verb is negated with the negative particle &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;. Unlike English, Russian sententces can have several negatives together with a negated verb (&lt;strong&gt;ничего+ не+ глагол в личной форме&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Никто ничего не знает.(Nobody knows anything).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нечего&lt;/strong&gt;( нечему, нечего, нечем, не о чем) is used to denote &lt;em&gt;the absence of an object for an action&lt;/em&gt; and is followed &lt;strong&gt;by an infinitive&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нечего читать (nothing to read), нечего надеть(nothing to wear).&#xA;  The English structure will be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There's nothing to do. Or They have nothing to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides нечего is used in some idioms&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(нечего говорить--it goes without saying) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your example belongs to idioms too. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ему больше нечем жить.(He has nothing to live for).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нечего can also be used in orders with negative meaning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нечего тут сидеть! - There is no good in sitting here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this negative pronoun does not occur in the nominative case form to express negation, since impersonal consructions in which it is used do not have subject. The nominative form may occur ( нeчто), but it will have a different meaning and refer to an  unspecified objects(see Indefinite Pronouns).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it is used with a preposition, the prefix &lt;strong&gt;не-&lt;/strong&gt; is detached and the preposition is placed between не and the second part of the pronoun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Мне с вами не о чем говорить.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почему вы &lt;strong&gt;ничего не&lt;/strong&gt; читаете?--Потому что мне &lt;strong&gt;нечего&lt;/strong&gt; читать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-07-13T05:05:34.593" LastActivityDate="2016-07-13T05:05:34.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12755" CreationDate="2016-07-08T22:44:29.447" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тыльный&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;back end&amp;quot; (as opposed to &amp;quot;business end&amp;quot;), the side or end you don't normally use or see:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Сейчас в продаже появились зубные щётки, тыльная поверхность головки которых имеет специальную резиновую подушечку для чистки языка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Затем взять канцелярскую кнопку, немного загнуть острие, тыльную сторону обезжирить, смазать клеем и плотно прижать к стене.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Бодро открываю капот и направляю луч карманного фонарика на тыльную сторону фары.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тыл&lt;/em&gt; can be used as a synonym to &lt;em&gt;зад&lt;/em&gt; (as you mentioned, primarily in the military context, but also as a joke or a euphemism):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;К выходу альбома «Encore» Эм побрил пятую точку и принял ответственное решение сняться «ню» ― правда, только с тыла.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-07-08T22:44:29.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12758" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12775" CreationDate="2016-07-10T02:43:55.513" Score="2" ViewCount="345" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the UrbanDictionary website, &lt;strong&gt;butterface&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;butter face&lt;/strong&gt; is an American slang for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A girl who is hot, except for her (&lt;em&gt;but her&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;butter&lt;/em&gt;) face.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you think of any common slang or playful words with that meaning in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4776" LastActivityDate="2016-07-11T15:23:06.140" Title="What are some words that can translate &quot;butterface&quot; into Russian?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12759" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12760" CreationDate="2016-07-10T08:06:58.437" Score="4" ViewCount="593" Body="&lt;p&gt;Context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I heard this conversation between a woman and a man. The woman asked the man why in his country many men wear the earring and he explained that it's either because they like to wear it or maybe because they are gay. The woman said that she doesn't like it because it looks strange and the man replied &quot;I think so, that's why I would never wear it&quot;. The woman then said &quot;ты вообще молодец&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, was that sarcasm? What's the exact meaning of ты вообще молодец?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7514" LastEditorUserId="7514" LastEditDate="2016-07-10T12:46:28.557" LastActivityDate="2016-07-25T16:02:10.407" Title="What does &quot;ты вообще молодец&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12759" CreationDate="2016-07-10T10:30:28.627" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So, was that sarcasm?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That fully depends upon a context / intonation. Could be a sarcasm, but also could be a praise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What's the exact meaning of ты вообще молодец?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just as is: &quot;&lt;em&gt;you're really a good fellow&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-07-10T10:30:28.627" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12761" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12766" CreationDate="2016-07-10T11:25:03.233" Score="4" ViewCount="1249" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know you put dates in Genitive case, when you are saying something occurred on that date. So, for example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We met on the twenty-second of June.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы познакомились двадцать второго июля.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But a grammar textbook I have is saying that the following should not be in Genitive and I can't understand why, when it is saying something happened on that date.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My birthday  - the twenty first of December.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мой день рождения - двадцать первое ноября.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7254" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-07-10T20:07:58.740" Title="Genitive case and dates" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12763" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-10T12:46:07.023" Score="2" ViewCount="156" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have learned that &quot;что&quot; is not used as a relative to an animate noun antecedent. But I found a few sentences that do not follow this rule: &#xA;&quot;Эта сестра, что я всюду таскала за собой.&quot;&#xA;&quot;Сестра, что увяла подобно дивному цветку.&quot; &#xA;(These are lines spoken by a heroine in a story. She is talking about her frail sister who has died.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between the above expressions and the ones in which &quot;что&quot; is replaced by &quot;кого/кто&quot; or &quot;которую/которая&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4028" LastActivityDate="2016-07-13T06:52:28.107" Title="&quot;Что&quot; used as a relative to a personal noun antecedent" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12764" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12763" CreationDate="2016-07-10T13:39:06.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I have learned that &quot;что&quot; is not used as a relative to an animate noun antecedent. But I found a few sentences that do not follow this rule&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And from these you may safely deduce that this rule is wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the difference between the above expressions and the ones in which &quot;что&quot; is replaced by &quot;кого/кто&quot; or &quot;которую/которая&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is that &quot;&lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;&quot; here sounds bookish / outdated / poetic-alike. Normally people do not talk like this. But it's OK for a book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But I still want to get some idea how Russians imagine the speaker's psychological situation when they hear such expressions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you see both sentences look the same. That is, &quot;что&quot; itself isn't about love or hate. It is rather used to mark the start of &quot;a poetic description&quot;. And its repetitive use is, no doubt, an intentional anaphora.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-07-13T06:52:28.107" LastActivityDate="2016-07-13T06:52:28.107" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12765" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12761" CreationDate="2016-07-10T18:10:25.807" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The case depends on what the dash stands for (even in English &quot;&lt;em&gt;My birthday - the twenty first of December&lt;/em&gt;&quot; the dash implies &quot;&lt;em&gt;is on&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, otherwise the sentence in ungrammatical).  In Russian you could imply &quot;был/будет&quot; (&quot;was on/will be on&quot;, when you talk about a particular occurrence), in such a case it would be genitive case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мой день рождения [был/будет] двадцать перво&lt;strong&gt;го&lt;/strong&gt; ноября.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strike&gt;But in your example the dash stands for something like &quot;приходится на&quot; (&quot;falls on&quot;, i.e. every year), and it is an &lt;strong&gt;accusative&lt;/strong&gt; case (винительный падеж, because it answers the question &quot;приходится на &lt;strong&gt;кого/что&lt;/strong&gt;?&quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мой день рождения [приходится на] двадцать перво&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; ноября.&#xA;  &lt;/strike&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt;: the dash could also imply &quot;это&quot;, i.e.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мой день рождения [это] двадцать перво&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; ноября.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;thus being a plain nominative case (answers the question &quot;это &lt;strong&gt;кто/что&lt;/strong&gt;?&quot;).  &lt;strike&gt;But this variant sounds less literate to me.&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update2&lt;/strong&gt;: suddenly realized that the &quot;accusative&quot; part above is incorrect: while it's possible to say &quot;&lt;em&gt;Мой день рождения приходится на двадцать первое ноября.&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, it's impossible to substitute &quot;&lt;em&gt;приходится на&lt;/em&gt;&quot; with a dash here, so this variant doesn't apply to the original question, and the rest of my answer boils down to what Quassnoi explained in greater detail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7515" LastEditorUserId="7515" LastEditDate="2016-07-10T20:07:58.740" LastActivityDate="2016-07-10T20:07:58.740" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12761" CreationDate="2016-07-10T19:12:06.940" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both Old Russian and Church Slavonic used genitive to mark a moment in time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has survived in Modern Russian in constructs like &lt;em&gt;первого числа&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;второго (дня месяца) октября&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;третьего дня&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;three days ago&amp;quot;), &lt;em&gt;четвёртого года&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;four years ago&amp;quot;), and has been fossilized in words &lt;em&gt;вчера&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сегодня&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;завтра&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;днесь&lt;/em&gt;, all originating from ancient genitive forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if the date answers the question &amp;quot;when&amp;quot;, like in &amp;quot;when did it happen&amp;quot;, you should put it into genitive:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When did you meet? We met on July, 22th // Когда вы познакомились? Мы познакомились двадцать второго июля.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the date answers the question &amp;quot;what&amp;quot;, like in &amp;quot;what day was that&amp;quot;, you put it into nominative or whatever case is required grammatically to answer that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is the date were you born on? That date is November, 21st. // Какая дата твоего рождения? Дата моего рождения -- двадцать первое ноября.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;By what date should it be done? This should be done by March 1st // К какой дате это нужно сделать? Это нужно сделать к первому марта.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those two can easily be confused, as &amp;quot;what date&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;when&amp;quot; are very close in meaning. So both those answers are in fact valid:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When is your birthday? My birthday is (when?) on November, 21st. // Когда у тебя день рождения? У меня день рождения (когда?) двадцать первого ноября.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is your birth date? It's (what?) November 21st. // Какой день твоего рождения? День моего рождения — (что?) двадцать первое ноября.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-07-10T20:05:02.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12758" CreationDate="2016-07-10T22:37:06.683" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can't propose exact form, which means hot body and ugly face at the same time, but ugly girl may be described as &lt;code&gt;страшная&lt;/code&gt; (literally &lt;code&gt;scary&lt;/code&gt;, figuratively &lt;code&gt;ugly&lt;/code&gt;). But this doesn't describe body attractiveness. So, maybe you need to do this additionally, like &lt;code&gt;фигуристая, но страшная&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;has a slender figure/hot body but ugly&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7336" LastActivityDate="2016-07-10T22:37:06.683" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="64" CreationDate="2016-07-11T06:51:50.647" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово «дно» в современном русском языке имеет весьма нетипичную форму множественного числа именительного падежа --донья. Налицо появление гласной протезы на месте *t+|o|+n. Такая же протеза возникает и в косвенных падежах слова «дно»: доньев (т.е.  д|но – д-о-н/jэв/, где к корню /дон-/ (вариант в единственном числе /дн-/) присоединяется еще и окончание (-jэв). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Стоит сказать, что слово «дно» - единственное в русском языке односложное слово, имеющее схематическое строение *t+no. Слова «окно», «гумно» и под. все двусложные, где образование множественного числа происходит не только с заменой окончания /-о/ на /-а/ (это общая схема для среднего рода: село-села; поле-поля…), но и с изменением ударения. Оно перемещается с последнего слога на первый. В «дне» ударению перемещаться некуда, поэтому языковая система «предлагает» этому слову склонение по образцу слов второго склонения мужского рода с основой на твердую, типа «город» (мн. ч. в родительном падеже - «городов»). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Итак, родительный падеж мн.ч. слова «дно» строится по аналогии со словоформой «городов». Остается выяснить, почему в именительном падеже – «донья». &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Исторически рассматриваемое слово имело два слога – дъ-но . Так как ударным был последний слог, редуцированный /ъ/ находился в слабой позиции, он дефонологизировался, отпал. Таким образом, во множественном числе «о» восстанавливается на позиции потерянного редуцированного (ср. день – дня /*дьнь/; огонь – огня /*огънь/; окно – окон /окъно/ и пр.). Однако, в этом случае мн.ч. должно было выглядеть как «до´на». Так в древнерусском языке склонялись существительные пятого класса. Слово «дно», однако, пошло во множественном числе по пути шестого согласовательного класса: /дъния – дония/ , где окончание /-ия/ фонетически равнялось [jьja]. Падение редуцированных привело к слиянию двух йотов, один из которых повлиял на мягкость предыдущего согласного, а второй «материализовался» в разделительном мягком знаке. Причины, по которым именно это слово «решило» склоняться по парадигме шестого согласовательного класса, все-таки неясны и четкому, непротиворечивому объяснению не поддаются.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Итак, вот последовательность событий, которая привела к появлению в русском языке формы «донья»: 1) дъ-но (склоняется по 11 классу, с формой мн.ч. «дъне»)&#xA;2) с началом унификации согласовательных классов «дъно» по невыясненным причинам переходит не в 5 согласовательный класс, а в шестой. Точнее единственное число склоняется по парадигме 5 класса, а множественное – по шестому. Двойственное число к этому времени уже утрачивается&#xA;3) мн.ч. им.п. теперь определяется по шестому классу как «дония»; фонетически это выглядит так: [дон’jьja].&#xA;4) после падения редуцированных фонетически слово читается как [дон’jа]. &#xA;5) в XIX веке процессы метаморфоз заканчиваются и слово обретает привычную нам форму&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Фасмер М. Этимологический словарь русского языка, т.1. – М.: «Изд. Астрель», 2003. – с. 519. Васеко Е.Ф., Горшкова К.В. Историческая грамматика русского языка. – М.: «Филология», 1994. – с. 198-199.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="4406" LastEditDate="2016-07-13T07:27:55.927" LastActivityDate="2016-07-13T07:27:55.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12769" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12772" CreationDate="2016-07-11T07:24:01.003" Score="10" ViewCount="339" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last week I visited a restaurant called &lt;em&gt;Пряности и радости&lt;/em&gt; and a shop &lt;em&gt;Индийские специи&lt;/em&gt;. This leads me to ask: Is there any difference between the words &lt;em&gt;Пряность&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;специя&lt;/em&gt;? The &lt;em&gt;Oxford Russian English Dictionary&lt;/em&gt; yields &lt;em&gt;spice&lt;/em&gt; for both words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4432" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-07-12T13:49:01.100" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T04:02:01.773" Title="Пряность vs специя" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12769" CreationDate="2016-07-11T07:48:25.493" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There was a difference indeed (&lt;em&gt;пряности&lt;/em&gt; used to mean &quot;spices&quot; whereas &lt;em&gt;специи&lt;/em&gt; meant salt, sugar, etc). Today these words  are interchangeable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Upd:&lt;/em&gt; I found some sources (f.e. &lt;a href=&quot;http://aayurveda.ca/spice/difference/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;) which define &quot;пряности&quot; as vegetative seasoning (pepper, dill, garlic, nuts, saffron etc), and &quot;специи&quot; as seasonings which can be produced synthetically  - salt, sugar, vinegar, acids, erc. But I never heard that anyone makes any difference between these two words in everyday life. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2016-07-11T08:13:30.597" LastActivityDate="2016-07-11T08:13:30.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12769" CreationDate="2016-07-11T08:47:36.760" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those who cook clearly distinguish between специи and пряности. &lt;strong&gt;Специи&lt;/strong&gt; are substances which change the taste or consistency of a dish, but they rarely have any flavor or &quot;aroma&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(salt, sugar, vinegar, yeast, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пряности&lt;/strong&gt; are usually plants or parts of the plants which add some flavour (aroma) and taste. Those are &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;parsley, dill, onions, garlic, cloves, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dictionaries present them as synonyms, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2016-07-17T04:02:01.773" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T04:02:01.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12769" CreationDate="2016-07-11T10:04:49.343" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://margoscha.ru/povar/specii/index.shtm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;This site&lt;/a&gt; defines the difference in the following manner:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Специи&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;пряности&lt;/strong&gt; - are rather homohenous, they improve or change the taste and flavor of food. &lt;strong&gt;Приправы&lt;/strong&gt; - is a composition of специи and пряности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Специи change the taste of food (like salt, sugar, etc.) while пряности usually have flavor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More detailed description as can be seen on the site:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;специи и пряности - относительно однородные компоненты, улучшающие или изменяющие вкус пищи, а приправы являются своеобразной композицией специй и пряностей. Обычно к классическим специям относят сахар, соль, подкислители и прочие элементы, способные радикально изменить вкус блюда (сделать его соленым, сладким, кислым, горьким и т. д.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пряностями называют отдельные части растений, обладающих специфическими вкусо-ароматическими свойствами (перец, тмин, гвоздика и т. п.). &#xA;  Приправами считают более сложные композиции из специй, пряностей и пищевых продуктов. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;К приправам можно смело отнести различные соусы, сухие смеси и т. п. &#xA;  Специи, и пряности - продукты, в большинстве своем не имеющие питательной ценности, а приправы могут не только улучшать вкус, но и повышать сытность блюда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2016-07-11T10:04:49.343" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12773" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12758" CreationDate="2016-07-11T11:25:27.963" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no exact same slang word in Russian for that, but you can try &lt;code&gt;крокодил&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6815" LastActivityDate="2016-07-11T11:25:27.963" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12763" CreationDate="2016-07-11T13:38:00.710" Score="2" Body="&lt;pre&gt; &quot;Эта сестра, что я всюду таскала за собой.&quot;&#xA;              \____________A______________/&#xA;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally we don't speak the part A as of an animate. More to the point, because we're not linking the verb &lt;em&gt;&quot;таскать&quot;&lt;/em&gt; to an animate as appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The next thing, if we substitute an animate object for a lifeless thing,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt; &quot;Эта книга, что я всюду таскала за собой.&quot; &lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;this sounds as a chaotic colloquial speech in a context where the speaker is a little lost, and has mixed feelings about something. This is the way to a correct expression of that.  Literary and written Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt; &quot;Эта книга,  которую я всюду таскала за собой.&quot;&#xA; &quot;Эта сестра, которую я всюду таскала за собой.&quot; &lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But your question is more about whether or not we can substitute the pronoun &lt;em&gt;&quot;что&quot;&lt;/em&gt; for a living thing. it turns out, while the pronoun &quot;кого&quot; pointed out to an animate man-person, we don't have the counterpart for an animate woman-person. For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt; Этот брат,     кого я всюду таскала за собой. (okay, given what we have said)&#xA; Это  существо, что  я всюду таскала за собой. (okay, too)&#xA;*Этот брат,     что  я всюду таскала за собой. (*Ungrammatical, there IS &quot;кого&quot;)&#xA;                ^^^_________________________________|&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Logically, what is fair for a man-person could be applied to a woman-person, but as long as there is no counterpart to &lt;em&gt;&quot;кого&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, then it somehow became acceptable in conversation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is the way for literary and written Russian with &lt;em&gt;&quot;кого&quot;&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt; Это говоришь мне ты, кого я всюду таскала за собой? [:astounded](okay)&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where &lt;em&gt;&quot;ты&quot;&lt;/em&gt; can be a woman-person or man-person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;*Это говоришь мне ты, что я всюду таскала за собой? (Ungrammatical)&#xA;                      ^^^_________________________________|&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ungrammatical, because &lt;em&gt;&quot;что&quot;&lt;/em&gt; pointed out to smth but &lt;em&gt;&quot;ты&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2016-07-11T13:46:11.983" LastActivityDate="2016-07-11T13:46:11.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12758" CreationDate="2016-07-11T15:23:06.140" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A closest pun I can remember: &lt;code&gt;сзади - пионерка, спереди - пенсионерка&lt;/code&gt;, &quot;a teenager from behind, an old lady from the front&quot;. It's mostly used for misleadingly-dressed elder women, but might indicate hot body and not-so-hot face.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user5462" LastActivityDate="2016-07-11T15:23:06.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12776" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12782" CreationDate="2016-07-11T20:22:01.250" Score="5" ViewCount="2293" Body="&lt;p&gt;В чем семантическая разница между словами «концепт» и «концепция»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Верно ли говорить «концепт добра и зла»? Различие между лево и право — это концепция? Любовь — это концепт?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4069" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-07-13T12:08:09.977" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T03:33:15.863" Title="Концепт VS концепция" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12769" CreationDate="2016-07-11T20:52:26.797" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From my experience, &quot;пряности&quot; is a subset of &quot;специи&quot;. It includes mostly spices used in baking, sweet dishes and drinks. For example, cinnamon, vanilla, ginger, cardamom, cloves, but not garlic, pepper, oregano, etc. There is no strict distinction, however. The same spice can be &quot;пряность&quot; when the speaker uses it to cook bread, cookies or coffee, and &quot;специя&quot; when used in soup, second course or salad. Shop &quot;Индийские специи&quot; is expected to have all &quot;специи&quot;, including &quot;пряности&quot;. But I've never heard these words referred to salt, sugar or, furthermore, yeast... Even if it is correct, that would sound awkward and funny to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastActivityDate="2016-07-11T20:52:26.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12776" CreationDate="2016-07-11T21:19:08.583" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;На мой взгляд, во всех Ваших примерах должна быть &quot;концепция&quot;. То есть, некая достаточно абстрактная система взаимосвязанных понятий,  взглядов, идей. А &quot;концепт&quot; - это вещь более конкретная, примерно как &quot;задумка&quot;, &quot;набросок&quot;, &quot;проект&quot; или даже уже готовый опытный образец, прототип. Например, может быть концепт нового мобильного телефона, автомобиля или космического корабля. Но никак не добра и зла, любви, эволюции, строения атома, происхождения Вселенной и прочих подобных вещей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastActivityDate="2016-07-11T21:19:08.583" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12780" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12781" CreationDate="2016-07-11T21:19:11.283" Score="6" ViewCount="930" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, you use Genitive case when indicating the cause of something and that can be with either &quot;от&quot;, &quot;из&quot; or &quot;из-за&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You use &quot;от&quot; when the cause is a physical or psychological change&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;от страха, от радости&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You use &quot;из&quot; for feelings, inciting positiveness&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;из вежливости, из любви&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I am having trouble understanding why the following prepositions are used in the following examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он плакал от счастья.&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt; Она сделала это из любви.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me it seems that in the first sentence &quot;из&quot; should be used as &quot;счастья&quot; or &quot;happiness&quot; is a positive emotion, while in the second sentence &quot;от&quot; should be used, as it indicates she did something &quot;because of&quot;, without it indicating she did something positive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7254" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2016-07-12T06:06:33.527" LastActivityDate="2016-07-13T03:08:55.320" Title="Use of prepositions &quot;от&quot; and &quot;из&quot; for indicating a cause in Genitive case" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12781" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12780" CreationDate="2016-07-11T21:40:13.603" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference between &quot;из&quot; and &quot;от&quot; is the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you have some circumstances and make a decision based on them, you are to say &quot;из&quot;.&#xA;&lt;br/&gt;But when you don't make any decisions, you just have circumstances that determine your behavior, use &quot;от&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &quot;он делал это из страха перед наказанием&quot; means that he knew that otherwise he would be punished, and that's why he decided to do it. But &quot;он дрожал от страха&quot; doesn't mean that he knew, that he was frightened, and that's why he decided to tremble. No, he didn't make such decision, he just was trembling in fear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="7254" LastEditDate="2016-07-12T13:47:59.393" LastActivityDate="2016-07-12T13:47:59.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12776" CreationDate="2016-07-11T21:42:41.040" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82&quot;&gt;Концепт&lt;/a&gt; это больше предметная сторона вопроса, воплощение идеи, или предмет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot;&gt;Концепция&lt;/a&gt; это больше идеологическая сторона вопроса, сама идея или набор система идей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Соответствующие статьи википедии вполне адекватно отражают различие и способы употребления.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В тоже время у терминов есть свой спектр и определенная гибкость, и в зависимости от того, какой аспект вы хотите подчеркнуть, могут быть использованы нетрадиционно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Концепция добра и зла - это устоявшееся выражение, обозначающее набор ценностей определяющий само понятие, разделяющее безличное на две новые формы, и при дальнейшем развитии позволяющий классифицировать явления, события, предметы и тд по наличию или отсутствию добра и зла(признаков, воплощений). Это не две разные концепции, это одна концепция &lt;em&gt;о том то&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;том то&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В зависимости от контекста, возможно употребление и &lt;em&gt;концепт добра и зла&lt;/em&gt;, к примеру в качестве сарказма или шутки, применительно к описанию конкретного человека, к примеру в качестве замены &lt;em&gt;воплощение добра и зла&lt;/em&gt; по причине того, что &lt;em&gt;воплощение&lt;/em&gt; более сильная коннотация, оставляющая меньше(или совсем не оставляющая) места для наличия других свойств, особенно когда смешано не смешиваемое(обычно все-таки или одно или другое; когда и то и другое, да еще и воплощение - это что то действительно особенно из ряда вон выходящее)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Концепт применительно к предметам, имеет больше окраску неопределенности, временности и возможности изменения в будущем. Концепт, набросок, эскиз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лево и право - как стороны света, это не концепция, это направления. Концепция, если можно так сказать, или элементы этой концепции в данном случае, это левая рука и правая рука - само их разделение, и они в свою очередь позволяют классифицировать стороны света, направления и тд. Те концепция левого и правого в общем и ее атрибуты в виде рук - это концепция.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Левоцетрисскоправоультврофиолетовые и все возможные сочетания - определенно образуют систему с некоторыми правилами классификации и базис всего этого, это концепция чего то там.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Любовь это своего рода термин, имеющий значение в контексте, описывающий некоторое состояние. И как термин не является концептом или концепцией сам по себе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако система представлений или убеждений, позволяющая классифицировать наличие или отсутствие любви, является концепцией(представлением), определяющее место явлений.&#xA;К примеру такой пассаж, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lyubi.ru/phil7.5.4.php&quot;&gt;источник&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дантовская концепция любви раскрывается в символической картине Россетти &quot;Любовь Данте&quot;. В центре композиции - крылатый Амур с луком и стрелами на фоне звездного неба. В верхнем левом и нижнем правом углу картины изображены лица Данте и Беатриче как лики солнца и луны. На одном из ранних эскизов к картине была надпись на итальянском языке: &quot;Любовь движет солнцем и другими звездами&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его представление, и место явления в его мировоззрении выраженное символами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Концепция это те незримые связи, которые объединяют явления и предметы в систему и определяют их положение в мире. И их можно в какой то степени выразить, определить, через через предметы и явления, и их отношения между собой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3713" LastEditorUserId="3713" LastEditDate="2016-07-11T21:48:03.533" LastActivityDate="2016-07-11T21:48:03.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12780" CreationDate="2016-07-11T21:45:28.717" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You use &amp;quot;от&amp;quot; when the cause is a physical or psychological change&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You use &amp;quot;из&amp;quot; for feelings, inciting positiveness&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's not quite correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;От&lt;/em&gt; means an emotion causes you do something, probably as a reflex, against your will:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Захлебнувшись от возмущения, она дойдёт до двери, закроет её, закроет все двери.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Вы ей ещё дата-кабель купите к телефону, она под потолком парить от счастья будет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Люди сжимаются от страха, как только слышат о принятии очередных законов, потому что они, как правило, против улучшения жизни.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English this is usually conveyed using &amp;quot;to make smb. do smth.&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;fear makes people cringe&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;she'll be so happy it will make her fly&amp;quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Из&lt;/em&gt; means emotion or feeling affects your decision to do something willingly. It does not have to be a positive emotion, you can use &lt;em&gt;из чувства вины&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;из боязни&lt;/em&gt; etc:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Спросит из вежливости: &amp;quot;Ну, как у вас там?&amp;quot; ― а ответа уже не слушает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Они должны интересоваться наукой хотя бы из чувства самосохранения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Но ни потерпевшие, ни свидетели не явились на процесс. Из боязни.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English this is usually &lt;em&gt;out of smth.&lt;/em&gt;: &amp;quot;he'll ask out of courtesy&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;they did not attend out of terror&amp;quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он плакал от счастья&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, sense of happiness made him cry, though probably he did not want to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она сделала это из любви.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, she was in love, and the sense of love made her feel like doing this, at her own will.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-07-11T21:45:28.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12784" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-12T04:13:59.960" Score="5" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was sent a message. I could translate all of it except for this word: прилогаю &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Help is appreciated. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7523" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T03:05:45.347" Title="I would like to know what this word means" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12784" CreationDate="2016-07-12T05:50:29.440" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Прилагать&quot; means &lt;em&gt;to attach&lt;/em&gt;, to add something, give more information. (Alex is right, there's a spelling typo).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2016-07-17T03:05:45.347" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T03:05:45.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12786" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12780" CreationDate="2016-07-12T07:45:03.823" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;ОТ + genitive denotes &lt;em&gt;physical and emotional (involuntary)&lt;/em&gt; cause :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;умереть от рака(to die from cancer), замереть от восторга (to freeze in excitement) , побледнеть от страха  (to pale in fear)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ИЗ + genitive means that &lt;em&gt;emotional cause motivates a deliberate action&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;убить из ревности (to kill out of jealousy ), соврать из страха (to lie out of fear)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-07-13T03:08:55.320" LastActivityDate="2016-07-13T03:08:55.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12787" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12793" CreationDate="2016-07-12T16:46:33.270" Score="2" ViewCount="136" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having some difficulty understanding the concise meaning of &quot;cопряженная пара&quot;.  What does it actually mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вентиляция легких - сопряженная пара процессов.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Все станции помех комплекса могут работать в следующих режимах: автономная; автономная под руководством пункта управления; сопряженная&#xA;пара; сопряженная пара под руководством пункта управления. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сопряженная пара — это единство тяги и смысла. Само единство — покой, а если богов разлучить, появится напряжение, начнется движение.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My first thought was to translate it as &quot;matched pair&quot;.  Evidently (from context) that is not correct.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English phrase &quot;matched pair&quot; indicates two nearly identical and complementary items (commonly weapons).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Matched pair&quot; is translated into Russian usually as &quot;пара&quot; or &quot;в пару&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps this phrase is a specific item of technical jargon (idea supported by a Google image search of &quot;Сопряженная пара&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other translations: conjugate pair, mating couple, mating pair.  These however only further obfuscate the meaning...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7369" LastActivityDate="2016-07-13T03:18:26.467" Title="Explain/understand ~ Сопряженная пара vs. пара" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12787" CreationDate="2016-07-12T17:36:42.727" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm only aware of the chemical term &lt;em&gt;сопряжённая пара&lt;/em&gt;, which seems to correspond to English &quot;conjugate pair&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The English phrase &quot;matched pair&quot; indicates two nearly identical and complementary items (commonly weapons).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This perfectly matches your example 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the other examples, those are apparently taken from texts dealing with some obscure mystical topics, and I doubt their authors used some kind of established terminology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-07-12T17:36:42.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12787" CreationDate="2016-07-12T18:27:29.743" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сопряженная&lt;/em&gt; emphasizes that the pair constituents are coupled. So &lt;em&gt;cопряженная пара&lt;/em&gt; is basically just a &lt;em&gt;couple&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2060" LastActivityDate="2016-07-12T18:27:29.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12790" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12792" CreationDate="2016-07-12T18:50:02.503" Score="10" ViewCount="1599" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hello probably this is duplicate question but I still can't understand the difference in use between  these 2 words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надо и нужно &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you give me some examples please? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7528" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-07-14T09:20:35.980" LastActivityDate="2016-07-15T19:48:54.047" Title="Difference between нужно и надо" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12790" CreationDate="2016-07-12T20:06:56.163" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Excepts as in idioms (&lt;em&gt;надо же&lt;/em&gt; and similar), those two (as adverbs) are complete synonyms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt; is not only an adverb but also a short neuter singular adjective (&lt;em&gt;это ведро мне нужно&lt;/em&gt;). You cannot replace it with &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt;, however you can with &lt;em&gt;надобно&lt;/em&gt;, though it's somewhat archaic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Надо&lt;/em&gt; itself was conceived as a colloquial contraction of &lt;em&gt;надобно&lt;/em&gt;, with the latter having been the only acceptable form in the literary language before the beginning of the XX century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-07-12T20:06:56.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12792" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12790" CreationDate="2016-07-12T20:07:20.150" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally the meaning of the words надо and нужно &lt;a href=&quot;http://ozhegov.textologia.ru/definit/nado-znach-1/?q=742&amp;amp;n=187693&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;is the same&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Надо&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (знач. 1), в знач. сказуемое. То же, что &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (см. нужный в 3 и 4 знач.).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Нaдо&lt;/em&gt; работать.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Его беспокойство &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; понять.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Надо&lt;/em&gt; денег.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They often can be substituted and the meaning of the sentence &lt;em&gt;in most cases&lt;/em&gt; will be preserved.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне надо поспать &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; Мне нужно поспать (I need to have a rest).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Надо понимать, что это неправильно &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  Нужно понимать, что это неправильно. (One needs to understand this isn't correct).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However there are cases when these words in the same context won't be the best choise. E.g. &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt; can be used for expressing surprise:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это надо же было так задержаться!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;hr/&gt;&#xA;Using of &quot;Нужно&quot; in this context is not the best choice. It is not known to be told / written in this meaning from any trusted source (like explanatory dictionaries); hence translating of such can be quite a big problem for not native Russian speaker. There is a reference with quite disputed but present usage of word &quot;нужно&quot; &lt;em&gt;probably&lt;/em&gt; as an idiom like &quot;надо же&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эту историю Пришвин вскоре описал в рассказе «Сопка Маира», [...]  а вот с романом вышла неувязка: услыхав пришвинское «Детство», Семашко воскликнул:&#xA;  — Нужно же написать такую мрачную вещь!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do note though that it is not well-known form and likely can be understood not as expected (and hence the sense of the whole sentence would be dramatically changed):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нужно же было написать так! - It was required to write like that!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on the region of usage and difference in language evolution in different areas you may not be understood like you intended to; it's better to not just use it in this context at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1674" LastEditorUserId="1674" LastEditDate="2016-07-15T19:48:54.047" LastActivityDate="2016-07-15T19:48:54.047" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12787" CreationDate="2016-07-12T20:42:15.050" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Сопряженная&quot; means that this pair is somewhat greater, than just two items put together. There is some synergy between them, i.e. the properties of such pair significantly differ from simple sum of the two items' properties. Often (but not always) each item is useless or can't exist without the other one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example 1 &quot;сопряженная пара процессов&quot; means the two interconnected processes: inhaling oxygen and exhaling CO2. They don't make sense apart, none of them alone can help to keep the organism alive. But together they do it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example 2 is about two devices that can work either independently or together, in pair. I have no idea, what they are supposed to do and, consequently, what benefit one can obtain from using them in pair...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example 3 seems to be about two gods, who can't function properly without each other... but I'm not sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, the word &quot;сопряженный&quot; occurs not only in this expression. It is extensively used in maths. For example, &quot;сопряженное пространство&quot; is &quot;dual space&quot;, i.e. the space of all linear functionals on given linear space. Also in chemistry &quot;сопряженные связи&quot; means &quot;conjugated bonds&quot;. For example, in conjugated dienes there are two double bonds separated with a one single bond. These bonds are conjugated, and that's why such dienes' chemical properties differ from properties of other alkenes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="6725" LastEditDate="2016-07-12T21:10:51.547" LastActivityDate="2016-07-12T21:10:51.547" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12794" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12776" CreationDate="2016-07-13T01:37:50.757" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Концепт&quot; isn't really a word. It's just a calque of &quot;concept&quot;, that actually means &quot;концепция&quot;. &#xA;There are some Russian philosophical schools that seem to define that term to depict something different, but it never goes beyond anything that would be easily described by another, &quot;normal&quot; word (like &quot;смысl&quot; - meaning, or &quot;понятие&quot; - notion). In any event, unless you are speaking to a specialized philosophical forum, simply don't use that word. &quot;Концепция&quot; is the proper translation of &quot;concept&quot;. &quot;Концепт&quot; is simply a calque. It's not really a Russian word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yes, it had first appeared in the language some 400 years ago, but it meant a completely different thing back than, and had completely fallen out of use before reappearing again in our days. It was a completely different word back than for all practical purposes, just happened to be spelled the same way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7413" LastEditorUserId="7413" LastEditDate="2016-07-13T11:02:37.277" LastActivityDate="2016-07-13T11:02:37.277" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12787" CreationDate="2016-07-13T02:45:39.913" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;пара&lt;/code&gt; can mean just &lt;code&gt;two&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;pair&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;a few&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;two of a kind&lt;/code&gt;, a &lt;code&gt;couple&lt;/code&gt;, or a matching couple:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;можно тебя на пару слов?&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;may I have a few words with you?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;пара уединилась&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;a couple found a secluded place&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;там была пара гаишников&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;there were a couple of traffic officers&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;у меня на руках пара&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;I have two of a kind in my hand&lt;/code&gt; (talking about cards)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;они - идеальная пара&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;they are a perfect match&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;найди гайку в пару к этому болту&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;find a nut to match this bolt&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;cопряженный&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;) on the other hand is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; a word everyone commonly use every day, but more of a domain-specific term that may mean somewhat different if it is used in the context of chemistry, geometry etc. In general it means &lt;code&gt;linked&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;interconnected&lt;/code&gt;, or more generally &lt;code&gt;not independent&lt;/code&gt;. However, when used outside of the context where it's well-defined, it may assume any other kind of a specific connection or relation implied by the author.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, when translating &lt;code&gt;cопряженная пара&lt;/code&gt;, you may find there are different translations, based not only on the authors intent, but also on the context, domain terminology, and translator's domain knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. &lt;code&gt;Вентиляция легких - сопряженная пара процессов.&lt;/code&gt; I'd translate as &lt;code&gt;Lung ventilation consists of two inter-related processes.&lt;/code&gt; But not being a medic myself, I wouldn't be surprised if a specialist words it differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5600" LastEditorUserId="5600" LastEditDate="2016-07-13T03:18:26.467" LastActivityDate="2016-07-13T03:18:26.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12790" CreationDate="2016-07-13T21:16:09.053" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's use English words as helpers as we are here on a bilingual resource.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Надо' is more close to English 'must do', or 'it is required'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Нужно' is more close to 'it is needed'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Couple of centuries ago 'надо' was more associated with 'надобно' and hence were more close to 'нужно'. Nowadays 'надо' sounds as more direct order/appeal to do something, while 'нужно' explains the appeal by a need.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Надо прийти вовремя. - We must come on time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нужно прийти вовремя.- We need to come on time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'Надо - значит надо' I would translate as 'if we must - we must'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'Нужно - значит нужно' (which sounds a bit awkward in Russian) I would translate as 'if it is needed - it is&#xA;  needed'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not saying it is completely equivalent: надо-must, нужно-need, but there is some bias, in my mind at least, to translate it like that in some cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2016-07-13T21:16:09.053" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12798" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-13T21:33:58.550" Score="1" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can`t exactly wrap my head about the “-ого” ending in a word for example “русского”. When do we add it? And how is it used? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7528" LastEditorUserId="7547" LastEditDate="2016-07-17T20:46:19.573" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T20:46:19.573" Title="Can't understand the Genitive Case in Russian" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2016-07-13T22:25:13.000" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12799" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12800" CreationDate="2016-07-14T19:11:03.137" Score="4" ViewCount="439" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general I think of &quot;to speak&quot; as being &quot;говорить&quot; and &quot;to say&quot; as being &quot;сказать&quot;, but I know this can't be correct, since they are an aspectual pair, and thus their only semantic difference should be that between perfective and imperfective verbs (and the words &quot;to speak&quot; and &quot;to say&quot; seemingly should have translations in both the perfective &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; the imperfective, not just one or the other).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most languages that I know besides English (German: sprechen vs. sagen, Spanish: hablar vs. decir) there is a clear way to differentiate between &quot;to speak&quot; and &quot;to say&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But are the two words translated interchangeably into Russian, the choice between &quot;говорить&quot; and &quot;сказать&quot; coming down to aspect &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2016-07-14T22:40:25.287" Title="Is there a conceptual difference between &quot;speak&quot; and &quot;say&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12799" CreationDate="2016-07-14T19:40:24.707" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is not purely aspectual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The perfective counterparts to &lt;em&gt;говорить&lt;/em&gt; meaning &amp;quot;to talk, to speak&amp;quot; would be &lt;em&gt;поговорить&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;to have been talking&amp;quot;), &lt;em&gt;заговорить&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;to start speaking&amp;quot;) etc.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я говорю по-английски // я заговорю по-английски&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я говорю с учительницей // я поговорю с учительницей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no imperfective cognate counterpart to &lt;em&gt;сказать&lt;/em&gt; indeed (except for archaic &lt;em&gt;сказывать&lt;/em&gt;), so &lt;em&gt;говорить&lt;/em&gt; is used as a suppletive imperfective form to &lt;em&gt;сказать&lt;/em&gt; meaning &amp;quot;to say, to tell&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я говорю ему, что люблю его // Я скажу ему, что люблю его&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я говорю &amp;quot;хватит!&amp;quot; // Я скажу &amp;quot;хватит!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So imperfective &lt;em&gt;говорить&lt;/em&gt; means both &amp;quot;to say&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;to speak&amp;quot; while perfective &lt;em&gt;сказать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;поговорить&lt;/em&gt; can only mean perfective forms of &amp;quot;to say&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;to speak&amp;quot;, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-07-14T19:40:24.707" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12799" CreationDate="2016-07-14T20:01:14.380" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is the same kind of difference as in English (and in other languages you mentioned). For example &quot;он говорил два часа подряд, но так ничего и не сказал&quot;. It is the same kind of relationship that exists between &quot;смотреть/видеть&quot; (look/see), &quot;слушать/слышать&quot; (listen/hear) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7413" LastActivityDate="2016-07-14T20:01:14.380" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12802" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12808" CreationDate="2016-07-14T20:46:15.040" Score="2" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems in this sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она не верила своему мужу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Man&quot; is in Dative case. Is this because he is the one the verb is &quot;acting&quot; upon, i.e. the receiver of the action or is it another rule, governing the &quot;believe&quot; verb?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, why is this not in Genitive case, seeing as there is negativity/denial?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, why is &quot;история&quot; in Dative in this case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не поверил ее истории.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shouldn't it be in Genitive, seeing as it is &quot;possessed&quot; by her?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7254" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T02:41:25.703" Title="не верю + Дательный падеж?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12803" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-14T22:06:08.760" Score="3" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does that expression mean and when would you use it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7514" LastActivityDate="2016-07-15T11:35:06.637" Title="When do Russians use the expression &quot;Ты смеешься надо мной&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12803" CreationDate="2016-07-14T22:20:58.797" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;this just means &quot;are you kidding?&quot; (or even &quot;are you f..n kidding me?!&quot;)&#xA;this is usually a negative expression and we dont use in friendly talks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5753" LastActivityDate="2016-07-14T22:20:58.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12805" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12803" CreationDate="2016-07-14T22:21:55.930" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;They don't really. It means &quot;are you kidding me&quot;, but I have never heard anyone say that, except when (poorly) translating an American movie.&#xA;Something like &quot;ты шутишь?&quot; or &quot;ты смеешься?&quot; can be heard somewhat more often in that context, but are still a bit too academic. A simple &quot;Да ну?&quot; would be more appropriate in most cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7413" LastEditorUserId="7413" LastEditDate="2016-07-15T10:52:21.320" LastActivityDate="2016-07-15T10:52:21.320" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12799" CreationDate="2016-07-14T22:40:25.287" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When we say &quot;сказать&quot; - we mean to tell few words for a short period.&#xA;when we say &quot;говорить&quot; - it is usually much longer.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Я хочу сказать&lt;/code&gt; - means I stand in front of a microphone, and I want to say a few words. &lt;code&gt;Я хочу говорить&lt;/code&gt; - means I will be staying here for a long time and I will say a lot of words.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Я хочу сказать маме как я ее люблю&quot;&lt;/code&gt; vs &lt;code&gt;&quot;Я хочу говорить всему миру как я люблю мою маму&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5753" LastActivityDate="2016-07-14T22:40:25.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12802" CreationDate="2016-07-15T05:32:40.420" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The relationship in both of your examples is the same, so the case is the same. It doesn't matter that истории is inanimate. (However, in some circumstances animate and inanimate words may change differently in the same grammatical case).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why Dative? Well, we can invent some mental bridges that can help to remember it, but the point is that &lt;em&gt;this&lt;/em&gt; sort of relationship requires Dative in Russian. You might call it 'acting upon' (there is nothing 'possessive' in it), but I'm not sure it's 100% accurate. In school, we learned it was a 'give to' sort of relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;истории&quot;, BTW, is not the best example because its Genitive and Dative forms are identical. But compare e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я не поверил ее совету.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Genitive would be 'совета').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2016-07-15T05:32:40.420" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12802" CreationDate="2016-07-15T11:26:20.610" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Shouldn't it be in Genitive, seeing as it is &quot;possessed&quot; by her?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not how genitive works. It marks the possessor without modifying the possessee in any way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Man&quot; is in Dative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&quot;Husband&quot; actually; &quot;man&quot; is &lt;strong&gt;мужчина&lt;/strong&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is this because he is the one the verb is &quot;acting&quot; upon, i.e. the receiver of the action or is it another rule, governing the &quot;believe&quot; verb?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually it's just a specific verb governed in a specific way. Same as in English, you listen &lt;em&gt;to&lt;/em&gt; someone, rather than &quot;listen them&quot;, for what seems to be no particular reason — while in Russian, the object of &lt;strong&gt;слушать&lt;/strong&gt; is in the accusative, not dative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a tendency for verbs describing states of mental receptiveness — &lt;strong&gt;верить&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;доверять&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;to trust&quot;, &lt;strong&gt;внимать&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;to heed&quot; — to take a dative object, but while it may explain the original reasons, it's not really useful in predicting whether you'll need dative or accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In addition, why is this not in Genitive case, seeing as there is negativity/denial?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The negative genitive only comes into play where the affirmative would use accusative — meaning, additionally, that the point is moot with masculine animate nouns such as &lt;strong&gt;муж&lt;/strong&gt;, since their genitives and accusatives are identical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-07-15T11:26:20.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12803" CreationDate="2016-07-15T11:35:06.637" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can be used as expression of disbelief or asking if person is joking (also with negative tone). In this case the meaning will consist of 2 parts (from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vedu.ru/expdic/32557/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;над кем-чем. То же, что &lt;strong&gt;насмехаться&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   Смеяться над глупостью.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Смеяться, право, не грешно над тем, что кажется смешно (афоризм).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It will be a kind of the same meaning as &quot;mocking&quot;. And the second:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;перен., над кем-чем.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Пренебрегать кем-нибудь - чем-нибудь, не знать страха перед кем-нибудь - чем-нибудь.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Смеяться над опасностью или перед лицом опасности.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ozhegov dictionary&lt;/a&gt;, these meanings are combined into one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;над кем-чем; (устар.) кому-чему.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Насмехаться, издеваться над кем-л., чем-л.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Смеяться над собой.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Смеяться над глупостью.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Смеяться над доверчивостью.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Смеяться над приятелями. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It could be also used when expressing misbelief, misunderstanding of someone else taste / opinions, like asking yourself &quot;..Who could really need these things when they are so [poorly / wrong / etc] done ?&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot; ...Старая шинель и нещегольское платье показывали в нем того человека, который с самоотвержением предан был своему труду и не имел времени заботиться о своем наряде[...] Он остановился перед лавкою и сперва &lt;em&gt;внутренно смеялся&lt;/em&gt; над этими уродливыми картинами. Наконец овладело им невольное размышление: он стал думать о том, кому бы нужны были эти произведения.  &quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Н.В. Гоголь, &quot;Портрет&quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word is used in this meaning in formal talking mostly. I wouldn't say it is inappropriate to use it in friends' talk; however to soften the meaning it's better not to use &quot;надо мной&quot; and leave only verb:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эх ты, толстоносый! Сосульку, тряпку принял за важного человека! [...] Вот что обидно! Чина, звания не пощадит, и будут все скалить зубы и бить в ладоши. [...]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Чему смеетесь? — Над собою смеетесь!.. Эх вы!..&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Н. В. Гоголь. &quot;Ревизор&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1674" LastActivityDate="2016-07-15T11:35:06.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12749" CreationDate="2016-07-15T14:30:21.563" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is Church Slavonic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nominative single case was &amp;quot;человѣкъ&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nominative plural case was &amp;quot;человѣцы&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;человѣци&amp;quot; (both spellings were used).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was an orthographic reform of Russian Language in 1918 in which the letter &amp;quot;ѣ&amp;quot; was replaced by &amp;quot;е&amp;quot;, and letter &amp;quot;ъ&amp;quot; at the end of the noun was removed. This reform didn't apply to Church Slavonic. Nevertheless when scripture is quoted outside of church texts modern orthography is used.  Hence producing &amp;quot;человецы&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;челевецех&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-07-15T14:30:21.563" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12744" CreationDate="2016-07-15T17:20:13.097" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native I was able to hear the difference between &lt;code&gt;синий дом&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;с синей крышей&lt;/code&gt; while saying it multiple times as carelessly as I could. It seems minor, but I can confirm that tongue is in different positions in these cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you say &lt;code&gt;-ий&lt;/code&gt; your tongue moves slightly closer to the top of a mouth, and when you say &lt;code&gt;-ей&lt;/code&gt; tongue moves down a bit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I say &lt;code&gt;синей дом с синий крышей&lt;/code&gt; in a normal voice to a person who doesn't know me, he will likely think that it's some sort of my dialect. My friends probably will notice it, but no one will say anything about it and many would not realize they have noticed it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5329" LastActivityDate="2016-07-15T17:20:13.097" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12812" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-16T10:46:53.110" Score="2" ViewCount="248" Body="&lt;p&gt;I hope to be making more progress soon but forgive me my humble beginnings. I have great difficulty reading cursive lettering sometimes, which is somewhat of a starting point. I have this single line which is actually very important for me to understand, so are you able to aid me unpicking it? I would be most grateful. I have had to upload it to another page because I can't see how to upload images here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rAO7w.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rAO7w.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7543" LastEditorUserId="4481" LastEditDate="2016-07-17T20:29:30.657" LastActivityDate="2017-04-13T01:51:24.877" Title="Difficulty reading cursive lettering" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2016-10-29T20:00:52.260" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12813" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12812" CreationDate="2016-07-16T11:41:02.520" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First three letters is &lt;code&gt;СПБ&lt;/code&gt; - unofficial abbreviation of &lt;code&gt;Санкт-Перербург&lt;/code&gt;. Next: &lt;code&gt;Московский пр. д 95&lt;/code&gt; - Moskovskij avenue(&lt;code&gt;проспект&lt;/code&gt; - I'm not sure in correct translation), building 95.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2016-07-16T11:41:02.520" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12812" CreationDate="2016-07-16T21:38:29.180" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have to admit it that cursive handwriting is very often of very bad quality, especially if made by someone who has to do a lot of paperwork as a part of his job. So it's totally OK if you struggle with undestanding it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Different people often write the same letters completely differently, thus making the letters seem to be the same when they are not. Some occasionally write the same letter in 2 or even more different ways (for no reason). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My advice would be: practice on printed texts in &lt;em&gt;Italic fonts&lt;/em&gt;. That should help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastEditorUserId="7544" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T01:51:24.877" LastActivityDate="2017-04-13T01:51:24.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12759" CreationDate="2016-07-16T22:12:47.860" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think, this should be explained word by word.&#xA;&quot;Ты&quot; is &quot;you&quot;, that's clear and easy.&#xA;&quot;Молодец&quot; with the accent placed on the last vowel primarily means &quot;a good person&quot;, it is kinda frequently used to praise someone. The phrase &quot;Ты молодец!&quot; means &quot;You are good!&quot; or &quot;Your effort was good&quot;, or &quot;You performed well&quot;.&#xA;The same letters with accent placed on the &lt;em&gt;first&lt;/em&gt; vowel is used to describe a man (not a woman!) who looks brave and strong, and is very archaic. Frequently used in tales as &quot;добрый молодец&quot; to describe the epic protagonist, the word &quot;добрый&quot; meaning more &quot;хороший&quot; (&quot;good&quot;) than &quot;добрый&quot; (&quot;kind&quot;) in this case.. Don't mistake one word for another, though. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вообще&quot; is a more complicated word with meanings changing strongly from context to context. Check &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; for a lot of info. In this particular case it is used to intensify the sentence, the meaning could be explained as &quot;most of the time&quot;, &quot;absolutely&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As mentioned by @Matt already, it is unclear if it was sarcasm, you can only tell this by context and intonation.&#xA;Hope that it helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2016-07-16T22:12:47.860" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2805" CreationDate="2016-07-16T23:19:42.030" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To put it simpler, I will try to link both finitive and infinitive forms of a verb with tenses that you would use in English language.&#xA;Notice that this probably applies to any of such a pair of words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a rule of thumb...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Continuous and Perfect Continuous tenses all would be translated through the useof imperfective form (&lt;strong&gt;вставать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;делать&lt;/strong&gt;). Such as &quot;I am standing up right now!&quot; (&quot;Я &lt;strong&gt;встаю&lt;/strong&gt; прямо сейчас!&quot;) or &quot;I will be standing up when you come in.&quot; (&quot;Я &lt;strong&gt;буду вставать&lt;/strong&gt;, когда ты войдёшь.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the Perfect tenses, as you would guess, are translated with the perfective form, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;встать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;сделать&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for Simple (Indefinite) tenses, it is not that &quot;simple&quot;. :) Present Indefinite I can clearly link to the imperfective form, I couldn't come up with any examples of the opposite. For example, (&quot;I [wake up/leave my bed] at 7 a.m. every day.&quot;, &quot;Я каждый день &lt;strong&gt;встаю&lt;/strong&gt; в 7 утра&quot;). With Past and Future Indefinite tenses you should check if you can substitute this tense for any other without losing the meaning. Let's call it &quot;defining&quot; an Indefinite tense. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &quot;I will do my homework&quot;. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Делать&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;сделать&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;? Let's &quot;define&quot; it! Perhaps, you can rephrase it in Continuous form? For example: &quot;I will be doing my homework&quot;. Then use &quot;Я буду &lt;strong&gt;делать&lt;/strong&gt; домашнее задание&quot;. Can you use Perfect tense, for example, &quot;I will have done my homework by Monday&quot;? &quot;Я &lt;strong&gt;сделаю&lt;/strong&gt; домашнюю работу к понедельнику&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you can, go ahead and use the instructions provided above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If even this doesn't help, try to understand if the action itself is spoken about as finished or unfinished. It is very important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck with your learning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastEditorUserId="7544" LastEditDate="2017-10-26T03:53:00.187" LastActivityDate="2017-10-26T03:53:00.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12802" CreationDate="2016-07-17T02:41:25.703" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without long explanations: верить + Dative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T02:41:25.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12776" CreationDate="2016-07-17T03:33:15.863" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вам тут вообще никому не понять, что такое «концепт», ибо это понятие из эпохи настолько вам чуждой, что даже аналогию степени чуждости этого понятия вам мне подобрать навряд ли удастся. «Концепт» – это сердце-окно из сонета Шекспира, в которое девушка смотрит, и бесконечно видит свои отражения, это блоха Джона Донна, которая укусила парня и девушку, и внутри которой произошло то, что иначе не произойдёт, в её желудке смешалась их кровь, это воплощение высшего творчества Лос из пророческих книг Уильяма Блейка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T03:33:15.863" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12615" CreationDate="2016-07-17T04:42:43.940" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Genitive case is a trace of “some amount of” («некоторое количество») being omitted here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A full variant must be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы купили &lt;em&gt;[некоторое количество]&lt;/em&gt; продуктов на сто долларов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where parts are linked together in the following way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;купили количество&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;em&gt;noun-to-noun&lt;/em&gt; with expected Accusative case) — &lt;code&gt;bought (an) amount&lt;/code&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;количество продуктов&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;em&gt;noun-to-noun&lt;/em&gt; with Genitive case) — &lt;code&gt;(an) amount of products&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such ommission of «некоторое количество» is widely used in Russian. It may be easily recognized either by a context or by such &lt;em&gt;Accusative→Genitive&lt;/em&gt; case substitution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7547" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T04:42:43.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2410" CreationDate="2016-07-17T14:58:52.993" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Раба&quot; -- архаизм с соответствующей окраской. Употребляется в том числе в составе устойчивых выражений: упомянутое &quot;раба Божия&quot;, &quot;Сама себя раба бьёт, что не чисто жнёт&quot;. В Русской Правде записано как &quot;роба&quot;, через &quot;о&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Рабыня&quot; -- более современное слово, но и оно употребляется сравнительно редко сейчас. Обычно в текстах про современное рабство я его не вижу. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T14:58:52.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12821" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12822" CreationDate="2016-07-17T19:55:36.737" Score="2" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if the meaning is offensive or not. Somebody wrote me in a game chat and there's nothing meaningful in google translate for &quot;ХНЮ&quot; while &quot;ВСЯКУЮ&quot; translated for &quot;ANY&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7548" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-07-18T03:59:19.573" LastActivityDate="2016-07-18T09:31:03.287" Title="Whats the meaning of the phrase &quot;Всякую хню&quot;" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12821" CreationDate="2016-07-17T20:41:17.973" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is shortened word which means &quot;garbage&quot;, &quot;nonsense&quot; or &quot;rubbish&quot; with the strongest grade to express &quot;how much is it bad&quot; (in all meanings, but mostly in figurative, like when someone wants to express how wrong things are told to him). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The translator didn't find anything because original word lacks 2 letters, &quot;y&quot; and &quot;й&quot; (I will not write the word neither its correct translation here as I don't think it's appropriate; correct me if I'm wrong). In the context given by you I think it was used as something to express &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;you shouldn't tell &lt;em&gt;those lies / wrong ideas / wrong assumptions / bad things&lt;/em&gt; to me&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;regarding something what was spoken about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1674" LastEditorUserId="1674" LastEditDate="2016-07-17T21:41:14.140" LastActivityDate="2016-07-17T21:41:14.140" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12821" CreationDate="2016-07-18T09:31:03.287" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, I will take the risk, because filthy language is a part of language. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is a lot of info about that word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; is info about russian filthy language in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2016-07-18T09:31:03.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12824" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12825" CreationDate="2016-07-18T10:37:01.283" Score="4" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Предполагалось, что новые правила обязывают граждан Украины совершать въезд в Россию не по внутренним, как раньше, а сугубо по заграничным паспортам.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть мнение, что подобные операции совершают не по документам, а с документами. Подскажите, какой вариант более корректный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6065" LastActivityDate="2016-07-18T10:53:38.110" Title="По паспорту или с паспортом" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12824" CreationDate="2016-07-18T10:53:38.110" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Более корректный вариант – &quot;по документам&quot;. Можно въехать по заграничному паспорту и с внутренним (в кармане лежит).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-07-18T10:53:38.110" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12826" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12831" CreationDate="2016-07-18T11:25:18.067" Score="7" ViewCount="2599" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вопрос для самых педантичных:&#xA;&quot;Это хорошо. Это плохо.&quot;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Хорошо&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;плохо&lt;/em&gt; здесь неречия, да?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Какая из машин тебе нравится? - Эта хороша.&quot;&#xA;Здесь &lt;em&gt;хороша&lt;/em&gt; - краткая форма прилагательного. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как можно с уверенностью сказать, что в первом случае мы имеем дело именно с наречием, а не с краткой формой прилагательного?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6065" LastActivityDate="2016-07-18T17:52:36.323" Title="Наречие или краткая форма" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12826" CreationDate="2016-07-18T11:33:46.103" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если описание относится к глаголу (&quot;это &lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt; хорошо&quot;), оно выражается наречием; если к существительному (&quot;&lt;em&gt;машина&lt;/em&gt; хороша&quot;) - прилагательным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user5462" LastActivityDate="2016-07-18T11:33:46.103" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12826" CreationDate="2016-07-18T12:22:40.570" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пошёл дождь. Это (&lt;em&gt;как?&lt;/em&gt;) хорошо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Передо мною три ведра. Это (&lt;em&gt;каково?&lt;/em&gt;) — хорошо, это — так себе, а это — плохо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those (including &lt;em&gt;так себе&lt;/em&gt;) are predicative adjectives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-07-18T12:22:40.570" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12829" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-18T13:00:59.197" Score="0" ViewCount="176" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is probably off-topic but hope I can get an answer here. There is a game which is played in russia and to make the player feel the russian atmosphere the english narration contains russian words. There is a scene in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch/?v=OgEHQg2Y8wg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; video at 1:15 where the following paragraph could be heard. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ulman enough of jokes! &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;[Russian word here]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; When we are back at the base you will be sweeping tunnels with a toothbrush!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question, what russian word is that, and what is it's meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7549" LastActivityDate="2016-07-19T16:43:53.540" Title="What is the meaning of the word I am asking about" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-07-19T18:54:26.630" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12826" CreationDate="2016-07-18T14:09:11.653" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В первом примере&lt;/em&gt; для классификации важен смысл, стоящий за местоимением. Например, в некотором контексте (сопоставление двух стихотворений, на которые ссылаются при помощи местоимения) можно говорить о кратких прилагательных (смысл: одно стихотворение хорошо, другое - плохо). В более типичном для этого же примера случае выявляемая часть речи относится к тому, чему нельзя приписать свойство, выражаемое прилагательным, поскольку местоимение &quot;это&quot; замещает не отдельно взятое существительное (как в примере со стихотворениями), а ситуацию, для описания которой требуется законченное выражение, например, сказанному &quot;это хорошо&quot; предшествует: &quot;долгожданное письмо пришло&quot;. Соответственно, такому выражению нельзя непосредственно приписать прилагательного &quot;хороший&quot; (зелёный и пр.), но соотв. ситуации можно дать оценку в целом при помощи наречия (каково это?): &quot;то, что письмо пришло&quot; (= это), &quot;хорошо&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Во втором примере&lt;/em&gt; проще: кр. прилагательное привязано к &quot;машине&quot; (отдельное существительное) и характеризует её свойства.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-07-18T14:09:11.653" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12826" CreationDate="2016-07-18T14:48:03.147" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Некоторые наречия легко перепутать с прилагательными в краткой форме. Например, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Лето было зелено и свежо и Летом было зелено и свежо. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В таком случае важно правильно поставить вопрос, ведь в первом предложении «зелено и свежо» связываются с подлежащим вопросом «каково?», а во втором «как?». «Каково», так же как и какой, какая, какое – это вопрос прилагательного.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется, что Вы искали вот это:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Некоторые наречия могут выступать как именная часть сказуемых. Чаще всего это сказуемые безличных предложений (На море тихо), однако некоторые наречия могут служить и сказуемыми двусоставных предложений (Разговор будет начистоту. Она замужем).&#xA;Наречия, выступающие как сказуемые безличных предложений, иногда выделяют в самостоятельную часть речи или в самостоятельный разряд внутри наречия и называются словами &lt;strong&gt;категории состояния&lt;/strong&gt; (словами состояния, &lt;strong&gt;предикативными наречиями&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Категория состояния&#xA;Слова категории состояния обозначают &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;состояние природы (Было холодно), человека (У меня на душе радостно. Мне жарко), оценку действий (Можно пойти в кино).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слова категории состояния с суффиксом -о, образованные от прилагательных, могут иметь степени сравнения&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(С каждым днем становилось все холоднее / более холодно).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В лингвистике, действительно, иногда выделяют эти слова в самостоятельную часть речи, называемую словами категории состояния (предикативными наречиями, безлично-предикативными словами). Слова этой группы делятся на слова, которые могут употребляться и в других синтаксических позициях&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(ср.: Море тихо (прил.) — Он сидел тихо (нар.) — В классе тихо (кат. сост.)), &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и слова, которые могут употребляться только в функции сказуемых безличных предложений: &lt;em&gt;можно, нельзя, боязно, совестно, стыдно, пора, жаль&lt;/em&gt; и др. Отличительной особенностью этих слов является то, что они не сочетаются с подлежащим и теряют способность обозначать признак действия (весело) или предмет (лень). Однако в лингвистике также широко распространена точка зрения, согласно которой слова категории состояния считаются подгруппой &lt;strong&gt;наречий&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кстати, если Вы хотите сказать, что &lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt; может быть указательным местоимением, то ситуация должна быть более определенной, объясняющей предмет или явление,определяемое указательным местоимением.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-07-18T17:52:36.323" LastActivityDate="2016-07-18T17:52:36.323" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12832" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-18T20:51:26.447" Score="10" ViewCount="211" Body="&lt;p&gt;If someone would be so kind as to answer this question, I would be grateful: In American English we have a phrase &quot;playing chicken&quot; to indicate people or groups opposing each other on a collision course, whereby one or both groups would change course to prevent collision. In other word, they &quot;chicken out.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there an equivalent phrase in Russian? If there is would you be so kind as to give me the non-Cyrillic spelling and pronunciation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regards&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7557" LastActivityDate="2016-07-19T16:45:59.117" Title="&quot;Playing Chicken&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12833" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12832" CreationDate="2016-07-18T21:45:41.520" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There no idiomatic expression for this game that I'm aware of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually it's translated using &lt;em&gt;кто первый струсит&lt;/em&gt; (kto pervyy strusit, [KTO PEHR-viy STROO-sit]), literally &quot;who quails first&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-07-18T21:45:41.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12832" CreationDate="2016-07-19T04:13:13.233" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To chicken out is струсить or ,if you need idioms, &lt;strong&gt;выйти из игры&lt;/strong&gt; (vyiti iz igry,which means &lt;em&gt;to leave tbe game&lt;/em&gt;  or &lt;strong&gt;пойти на попятный&lt;/strong&gt;(poiti na popiatnyi),which means &lt;em&gt;to make a step back&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To chicken out means to avoid something because of fear.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/eng_rus/651244/out&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/eng_rus/651244/out&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-07-19T04:36:41.597" LastActivityDate="2016-07-19T04:36:41.597" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12832" CreationDate="2016-07-19T04:43:34.100" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;A slanguish variant is &quot;&lt;em&gt;сдрейфить&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (which is derived from the nautical(!) term 'drift'. BTW. It's from Dutch, not from English). So this could be &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кто сдрейфит&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (kto zdreifit - who drifts). Though again it's not really the same as &quot;turning aside&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bookish variant is &quot;&lt;em&gt;праздновать труса&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. So this could be &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кто празднует труса&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (kto praznuiet troosa - who celebrates a coward). But this one is not popular and you may look like a true bookworm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A neutral (but boring) option is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кто струсит&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (kto stroosit).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-07-19T04:43:34.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12836" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12829" CreationDate="2016-07-19T08:55:27.603" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's «блин» — slang word, smth like «geez», «damn». &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7559" LastActivityDate="2016-07-19T08:55:27.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12829" CreationDate="2016-07-19T09:41:02.133" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's the word &quot;блин&quot;. While it's primarty meening is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blini&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;a pankake&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, though, this russian thing is a lot thinner thank actual american pankakes, as I understand it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In slang it is used with a meaning of &quot;damn&quot; or similar. In this case the word is an euphemism of &quot;блядь&quot; (blyad, &quot;a whore&quot;), part of russian filthy language, the latter can't be used openly in some cases, for example, in mass media, so euphemisms go. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastEditorUserId="7544" LastEditDate="2016-07-19T16:43:53.540" LastActivityDate="2016-07-19T16:43:53.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12838" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-19T15:26:36.930" Score="3" ViewCount="776" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как говорит нам Грамота.ру&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Числительные два, три, четыре (а также составные числительные, оканчивающиеся на два, три, четыре, например двадцать два) в именительном падеже сочетаются с существительным в форме родительного падежа и единственного числа, например: двадцать два стола, тридцать три несчастья, пятьдесят четыре человека. Числительные пять, шесть, семь, восемь, девять и т. д. и составные числительные, оканчивающиеся на пять, шесть, семь, восемь и т. д., согласуются с существительным, стоящим в форме родительного падежа множественного числа, например: сорок восемь преступников. Однако в косвенных падежах согласование выравнивается: р. п. – двух столов, пяти столов, д. п. – двум столам, пяти столам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Также на википедии нашел такую информацию&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Выделяют прямой падеж (именительный и иногда также винительный) и косвенные падежи (остальные).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом в предложениях&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вышел из комнаты на три минуты. Она жила в Москве два года. Саша купил четире стула.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;существительные использованы в родительном падеже единственного числа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Помогите найти информацию про &quot;косвенность&quot; или &quot;прямость&quot; винительного падежа, и чем он заслужил такое особенное положение. Спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6065" LastActivityDate="2016-07-22T13:32:55.973" Title="Винительный падеж - косвенный или прямой, и почему" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12832" CreationDate="2016-07-19T16:45:59.117" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There were few other versions in 1980s action movies translations: игра в &quot;слабачка&quot;, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7310" LastActivityDate="2016-07-19T16:45:59.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12841" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-19T18:03:10.883" Score="4" ViewCount="715" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why are we saying Как твои дела? Твои is for plural subjects according to my notes. We say Твои книги.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4702" LastActivityDate="2016-07-24T11:34:54.207" Title="Why Как твои дела? Твои is for a plural subject" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12841" CreationDate="2016-07-19T18:23:52.463" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is plural. Exactly like in &quot;How are things?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6807" LastActivityDate="2016-07-19T18:23:52.463" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12843" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-19T19:30:03.937" Score="2" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the possible translation of the phrase &quot;Пройтись по тексту&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1409" LastActivityDate="2016-07-19T20:03:16.613" Title="How to translate &quot;Пройтись по тексту&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-07-19T21:10:11.020" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12843" CreationDate="2016-07-19T20:03:16.613" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Skim the text. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or &quot;scan the text&quot;. But &quot;skim&quot; has closer meaning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5132" LastActivityDate="2016-07-19T20:03:16.613" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12845" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12847" CreationDate="2016-07-19T20:28:49.817" Score="5" ViewCount="182" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какая самая близкая русская идиома?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: including definitions and usage examples from &lt;a href=&quot;http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/not+to+put+too+fine+a+point+on+it&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Idioms by The Free Dictionary&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Figurative: a phrase introducing a fine or important point, apologetically&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Rachel: Not to put too fine a point on it, Mary, but you're still acting a little rude to Tom.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Mary: I'm sorry, but that's the way I feel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;John: I think, not to put too fine a point on it, you ought to do exactly as you are told.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Andy: And I think you ought to mind your own business.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr/&gt;&#xA;&gt; *To mean exactly what is said*:  &#xA;Her performance, not to put too fine a point on it, was terrible.&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7307" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditDate="2020-12-26T21:28:25.820" LastActivityDate="2020-12-27T21:27:26.907" Title="Translation of idiom &quot;Not to put too fine a point on it&quot;" Tags="&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="12846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12845" CreationDate="2016-07-19T21:01:39.543" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The idiom means &amp;quot;to put it bluntly&amp;quot; and can be translated into Russian using:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Если говорить начистоту&lt;/strong&gt;, то строительство горки - дело довольно дорогостоящее и хлопотное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Называя вещи своими именами&lt;/strong&gt;, священник ― апологет телегонии, нанес ребенку тяжелейшую психологическую травму.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Или, &lt;strong&gt;говоря прямо&lt;/strong&gt;, вы не двинете свой отряд на выручку?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Откровенно говоря&lt;/strong&gt;, Пазульский, вы совсем не умеете говорить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-07-19T21:01:39.543" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12845" CreationDate="2016-07-20T03:57:26.630" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not to put too fine a point on it — грубо говоря, если уж начистоту, если уж называть вещи своими именами,сказать по правде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;something that you say when you are going &lt;em&gt;to say exactly what you mean, even if other people may not like it&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-07-20T03:57:26.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12838" CreationDate="2016-07-20T04:50:27.573" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;В принципе, винительный падеж - косвенный. Но для неодушевленных предметов в русском для него используется форма, идентичная именительному падежу. В этом случае его можно (с натяжкой) назвать прямым. Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу утку. (Одуш. в.п. от &quot;утка&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;но&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу шкаф. (Неодуш. в.п. = и.п. &quot;шкаф&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Грамматическая зависимость тут все равно косвенная, но форма (в какой-то мере случайно) прамая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2016-07-20T04:50:27.573" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12849" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12850" CreationDate="2016-07-20T04:54:18.977" Score="8" ViewCount="961" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I'm sure you all know, prior to its sale to the United States in 1867, Alaska was Russian territory. As such, it had a flag. Here is an image of that flag's design:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SKGin.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SKGin.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Russian America&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It appears to read &lt;em&gt;Россійской Америк. Кампа&lt;/em&gt;. From this I have three questions: Firstly, why is it &lt;em&gt;Россійской&lt;/em&gt; and not &lt;em&gt;Россійская&lt;/em&gt; (or even &lt;em&gt;Россійско-&lt;/em&gt;)? Secondly, why was &lt;em&gt;компанiя&lt;/em&gt; abbreviated as &lt;em&gt;кампа&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;компа&lt;/em&gt;? And thirdly, is that a colon (:) after &lt;em&gt;Америк&lt;/em&gt;? Was that the accepted way to truncate a word in an abbreviation at that time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Information about Russian America here for those who need a refresher.&lt;/a&gt; (Wikipedia)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7561" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-07-20T09:58:11.307" LastActivityDate="2016-07-20T09:58:11.307" Title="The case of the Russian American flag" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12849" CreationDate="2016-07-20T05:36:35.733" Score="9" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Firstly, why is it Россійской and not Россійская (or even Россійско-)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;Флаг&lt;/em&gt; (banner, flag) is silently assumed, so it's in Genitive: &lt;strong&gt;[Флагъ] Россійской Американской Компанiи&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Secondly, why was компанiя abbreviated as кампа instead of компа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a script which you read wrong. It is written &quot;&lt;em&gt;К&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;мпа&lt;/em&gt;&quot; here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And thirdly, is that a colon (:) after Америк? Was that the accepted way to truncate a word in an abbreviation at that time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure about this. Pre-reform punctuation rules were quite different, but I didn't hear about common abbreviating words with a colon. Maybe it was done especially for inscriptions, as a single point is not the easiest thing to see.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-07-20T05:36:35.733" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12849" CreationDate="2016-07-20T06:28:24.623" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;English translation of this answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A small addition.&#xA;In Old Church Slavonic writing the colon (:) was equal to russian semicolon (;), but was however also used as ellipsis (...) and even &lt;strong&gt;as a dot in abbreviations&lt;/strong&gt;. Colon as an abbreviation sign was very common in old european writing languages. It was so in Russian language until the mid-19th century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Небольшое дополнение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В церковнославянской письменности двоеточие эквивалентно русскому знаку «точка с запятой», но также используется и в функциях многоточия и даже &lt;strong&gt;точки на конце сокращений&lt;/strong&gt;. Двоеточие как знак сокращения вообще было присуще старым европейским письменностям &lt;strong&gt;(в русском языке так было до середины XIX века)&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="7544" LastEditDate="2016-07-20T07:59:20.843" LastActivityDate="2016-07-20T07:59:20.843" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12852" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12841" CreationDate="2016-07-20T15:21:36.767" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The possible misunderstanding arose because the word &quot;дела&quot; may serve as &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;different parts of speech&lt;/a&gt; and hence will have different meanings depending on context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;дела́ (e.g. как [твои] дела́ ?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a general question, like &quot;How are you?&quot; in English and may be asked to inquire about one's disposition, health, business etc. In this case &quot;дела́&quot; is substantive, nominative case. It is in the plural because the question is general and not focusing on any concrete things.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The original form of the question is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;как дела ?&quot;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Приветствие, вопрос о текущем состоянии дел:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Это был грек из России, [...]. Одет он был бедно, выглядел печально. ― Как &lt;strong&gt;дела́&lt;/strong&gt; ? ― спросил я у него. Он немного подумал и таинственно вздохнул: ― У вас хоть керосин есть.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Ф. А. Искандер, &quot;Курортная идиллия&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question &quot;Как твое де́ло?&quot; may be asked only regarding concrete business, when you would like to learn how is it going.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;де́ла (куда ты его де́ла ?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case &quot;де́ла&quot; is a verb &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;деть&quot;&lt;/a&gt; in past time, gender feminine (it depends on &quot;ты&quot; and question assumes that your conversation partner (&quot;ты&quot;) is of gender feminine).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;разг. положить, запрятать так, что не найти&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  На зов явилась женщина с тарелкой в руках [...]. И между ними произошел такой разговор: — Куда ты &lt;strong&gt;де́ла&lt;/strong&gt;, разбойница, бумагу? — Ей-Богу, барин, не видывала, опричь небольшого лоскутка, которым изволили прикрыть рюмку.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Н.В.Гоголь, &quot;Мертвые души&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;разг. найти для кого-либо, чего-либо место или применение; поместить или использовать&lt;/em&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;де́ла (Без де́ла не входить)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the substantive &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;де́ло&quot;&lt;/a&gt; in genetive case, singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Много у вас &lt;strong&gt;дела&lt;/strong&gt;? ― спросил Обломов. ― Да, довольно. Две статьи в газету каждую неделю, потом разборы беллетристов пишу, да вот написал рассказ...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;И.А. Гончаров, &quot;Обломов&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1674" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-07-24T11:34:54.207" LastActivityDate="2016-07-24T11:34:54.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12853" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12854" CreationDate="2016-07-21T01:11:44.937" Score="3" ViewCount="1300" Body="&lt;p&gt;The song &quot;Exploring Yourself With A Knife&quot; is a track form the Russian post-rock band April Rain's album &quot;Waiting For Sunrise&quot;. some Russian dialog is spoken between a man and a woman starting at 4:37. could someone provide a transcription or translation ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The song could be found here on Last.fm:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.last.fm/music/April+Rain/_/Exploring+Yourself+With+A+Knife&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Exploring Yourself With A Knife&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7566" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T04:42:42.810" Title="What is the english translation of Russian dialog spoken over this song?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12853" CreationDate="2016-07-21T04:42:42.810" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a dialog from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0414993/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Fountain&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the first comment &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HbrK6S_mwa4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4108" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T04:42:42.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12855" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12856" CreationDate="2016-07-21T17:16:54.160" Score="4" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems like one can use either the structure У МЕНЯ or dative МНЕ with this verb in the sense of not enough, or enough of X. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See link—&lt;a href=&quot;https://lingvolive.com/ru-ru/translate/ru-en/%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;LINGVO&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When should I use one and not the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T17:33:05.003" Title="Verb Хватать/хватить—use мне or у меня?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12855" CreationDate="2016-07-21T17:33:05.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the sense &amp;quot;to have enough of&amp;quot; they are interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Повторяю: всем нам хватает (&lt;em&gt;= у всех нас хватает&lt;/em&gt;) мужества переживать чужие несчастья.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ему хватает (&lt;em&gt;= у него хватает&lt;/em&gt;) забот в собственной компании.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the sense &amp;quot;to be enough for&amp;quot; you can only use dative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Лес был не очень большой и не слишком дремучий, но места в нём всем хватало.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Хотя для волнений ему хватало и первых впечатлений…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T17:33:05.003" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12857" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12858" CreationDate="2016-07-21T20:04:32.960" Score="6" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;p&gt;Штатный appears in contexts referencing &quot;staff&quot; and &quot;standard&quot; (dissimilar words in English).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the best way to grasp the meaning of word штатный?  Is it only used in specific technical set phrases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other half of the question is внештатный. Внештатный can be (easily) translated in all observed contexts as &quot;freelance&quot;.  Why does штатный appear to be so much more complex in usage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can штатный be used as the opposite of внештатный?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Штатный Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Установка багажника на штатные места в крыше.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Штатное расписание имеет большое значение для эффективного использования работников.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сейчас штатная численность армии РФ будет составлять 1 миллион 885 тыс. человек.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Широкий выбор штатных головных устройств в Екатеринбурге по низким ценам! (This, from a web site selling car audio display boards.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Внештатный Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;По словам главного внештатного специалиста по акушерству и гинекологии, к концу 2013 количество родов в регионе по итогам года достигнет 50 тыс.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Может ли внештатный сотрудник полиции применять свои полномочия при прикреплённым за ним полицейским?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В общем чем хорошо быть внештатным журналистом и чем плохо?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Внештатные переводчики работают на дому, получая заказы лично в нашем офисе.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7369" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2016-07-22T15:29:54.323" LastActivityDate="2016-07-22T16:33:36.673" Title="Meaning of штатный and внештатный?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12857" CreationDate="2016-07-21T23:31:20.340" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Examples 1 and 4 from штатный are technically correct, but it's not a common use of the word.&#xA;In general the opposite of штатный is внештатный OR нештатный. More about this &lt;a href=&quot;http://ask.fm/russian/answers/27048848956&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Be aware of another use of opposite for штатный:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Нештатная ситуация (чрезвычайная ситуация, не предусмотренная регламентом) instead of внештатная ситуация that is not correct.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The same is for режим: штатный/нештатный режим, not внештатный режим.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7569" LastActivityDate="2016-07-21T23:31:20.340" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12841" CreationDate="2016-07-22T03:04:03.600" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The plural word &lt;strong&gt;дела́&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;em&gt;things&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; the subject here. Think of it as &lt;strong&gt;your things are how&lt;/strong&gt;, except inverted for a question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The noun &lt;strong&gt;де́ло&lt;/strong&gt; belongs to a class of nouns that are stressed on the stem in the singular (де́ло, де́ла, де́лом, де́ле, etc.) and stressed on the ending in the plural  forms (дела́, дела́м, дела́ми, дела́х, etc.). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-07-22T03:04:03.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12857" CreationDate="2016-07-22T04:50:14.340" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;We can observe two main meanings of the adjective &lt;em&gt;штатный&lt;/em&gt;--&lt;em&gt;on the staff&lt;/em&gt; (штатный сотрудник) and &lt;em&gt;regular, standard&lt;/em&gt; (штатные места,штатная ситуация).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The antonyms are respectively  внештатный (сотрудник) and нештатный (нештатная ситуация).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-07-22T04:50:14.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12857" CreationDate="2016-07-22T04:50:43.667" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Штатный (сотрудник) means a full-time employee working constantly for the enterprise, внештатный is the opposite. &quot;Штатное расписание&quot; is a formal document at an enterprise establishing the number of employees in each position for a department. By extension, штатный  (even less formal &quot;родной&quot; can be heard instead) can be applied sometimes to things specially intended for usage as a part of a particular product. The word &quot;внештатный&quot; is not used for things or events, &lt;em&gt;нештатный&lt;/em&gt; is used instead: &quot;нештатная ситуация&quot; means an unwanted/unexpected situation or emergency. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-07-22T04:50:43.667" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12838" CreationDate="2016-07-22T13:32:55.973" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Прямой падеж это когда форма совпадает с именительным падежом, а косвенный когда не совпадает.  Существительные 3-го склонения (мышь, рожь) и многие существительные второго склонения (шкаф, поле) имеют одну и ту же форму в винительном падеже, что и в именительном. Этот случай называется прямым падежом. Все остальные случаи косвенные.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://nashol.com/2011060955536/tablica-padejei-russkogo-yazika.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://nashol.com/2011060955536/tablica-padejei-russkogo-yazika.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Выделяют прямой падеж (именительный и иногда также винительный) и косвенные падежи (остальные). Эта терминология связана с античным представлением о «склонении» (declinatio) как «отклонениях», «отпадениях» от правильной, «прямой» формы слова&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2016-07-22T13:32:55.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12857" CreationDate="2016-07-22T16:33:36.673" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian language is very complex in terms of how similar types of words are consructed. &quot;Внештатный&quot; is only opposite of &quot;штатный&quot; in the meaning of &quot;internal staff&quot;, derived from &quot;вне штата&quot; (outside of the staff); for the meaning of &quot;standard&quot; the opposite is &quot;нештатный&quot;, because it is not related to being in or out of something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2016-07-22T16:33:36.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12864" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12865" CreationDate="2016-07-22T17:40:15.743" Score="12" ViewCount="360" Body="&lt;p&gt;When learning a new language, I'm always looking for similarities between word roots - this helps me in remembering them. When learning Russian, I was surprised by the similarity of the words дорогой (expensive) and дорога (road). Do they have a common origin, or is this just a coincidence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6350" LastActivityDate="2017-06-28T15:43:31.603" Title="Do the words дорогой (expensive) and дорога (road) have a common origin?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12865" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12864" CreationDate="2016-07-22T18:55:52.727" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are &quot;dear&quot; and &quot;deer&quot;, or &quot;drag&quot; and &quot;drug&quot; related in English? No they are not. It's just happens sometime that some words sounds similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Дорога&quot; is related to &quot;дёрн&quot; (turf), &quot;драть&quot; (tear), &quot;дёргать&quot; and &quot;дерево&quot; (tree) and initially meant something like a path in a forest. Surprisingly, &quot;дорога&quot; is related to English verb drag.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; you can find out more:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Происходит от индоевроп. *dorgh- (связано с дёргать и означает «продранное в лесу пространство»); &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of &quot;дорогой&quot;, it's related to English word &quot;dear&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dear&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here's&lt;/a&gt; a quote:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;From Middle English &lt;em&gt;dere&lt;/em&gt;, from Old English &lt;em&gt;dēore&lt;/em&gt;, from Proto-Germanic&#xA;  *diurijaz. Cognate with Dutch &lt;em&gt;duur&lt;/em&gt; ‎(“costly, precious”), German teuer ‎(“costly, precious”), Icelandic &lt;em&gt;dýr&lt;/em&gt; ‎(“expensive”), Norwegian &lt;em&gt;dyr&lt;/em&gt;,&#xA;  Swedish &lt;em&gt;dyr&lt;/em&gt; ‎(“expensive”).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-28T15:43:31.603" LastActivityDate="2017-06-28T15:43:31.603" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12867" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12869" CreationDate="2016-07-23T16:05:46.120" Score="2" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know you just have to &lt;em&gt;know&lt;/em&gt; which words go with &quot;на&quot; and which with &quot;в&quot; concerning &quot;going to&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However I was wondering isn't it possible for certain words to be used with both prepositions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду на театр. - I am going to see a play (in the theatre)&#xA;  &lt;br/&gt;Я иду в театр. - I am going inside the theatre building for whatever reasons&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7254" LastActivityDate="2016-07-24T14:38:25.203" Title="Я иду в vs Я иду на" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12867" CreationDate="2016-07-23T17:22:44.200" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian you can say only &quot;Я иду в театр&quot; - &quot;I'm going to the theatre.&quot;&#xA;It doesn't use this in Russian: &quot;Я иду на театр&quot;. it sounds very strange.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user7575" LastActivityDate="2016-07-23T17:22:44.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12867" CreationDate="2016-07-23T17:31:16.127" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду на театр. - I am going to see a play (in the theatre)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nope. No one says so. Should be &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я иду на спектакль (пьесу)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;isn't it possible for certain words to be used with both prepositions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, yes, but the meaning could differ a little. For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду на поле --&gt; I go on the field (any field: meadow, battle field, playing field etc.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я иду в поле --&gt; I go on the field (only in primary meaning: meadow / wheat field)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-07-23T17:31:16.127" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12867" CreationDate="2016-07-23T17:36:23.263" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;We hardly say &quot;Я иду на театр&quot;, but I think it's possible to say both &quot;Она ушла &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; балет&quot; - &quot;She went &lt;em&gt;to&lt;/em&gt; ballet&quot; (meaning a performance) and &quot;Она ушла &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; балет&quot; - &quot;She went &lt;em&gt;for&lt;/em&gt; ballet&quot; (meaning an occupation, like in &quot;Её тренер предлагал тяжёлую атлетику, но она ушла в балет&quot; - &quot;Her coach has suggested heavy lifting, but she went for ballet&quot;).  Note however that in second case &quot;ballet&quot; means the whole enterprise/form of art/whatever you call it, and thus may not qualify as the &quot;same&quot; word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And as I wrote it, Matt gave a much better example &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/12869/7515&quot;&gt;above&lt;/a&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7515" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-07-23T17:36:23.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12867" CreationDate="2016-07-24T09:03:10.233" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду на театр&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means either you are going to the theatre's roof or you are going to attack theatre (such as in &quot;I am going to attack theatre with my army&quot; or &quot;I am approaching the theater to bulldoze it with my bulldozer&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-07-24T09:08:18.573" LastActivityDate="2016-07-24T09:08:18.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12867" CreationDate="2016-07-24T14:38:25.203" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Other answers pointed out to the possible semantic difference between these prepositions (в/на балет) in some cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; a few cases where the usage comes down to personal preference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, about half of the Russians I know say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду на кухню&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;while others&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду в кухню&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such things can also be regional or historical. For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду на концерт&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is today's prevailing norm, but a few decades back&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду в концерт&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;was in more common use, and was used exclusively this way in the XIX century. Yet, I know people who prefer &lt;em&gt;в концерт&lt;/em&gt; even today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. And let us not start about в/на Украину :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2016-07-24T14:38:25.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12873" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12877" CreationDate="2016-07-25T10:32:00.720" Score="6" ViewCount="2442" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какая разница между &lt;strong&gt;вокзал&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;станция&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5919" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-07-27T08:24:53.427" LastActivityDate="2016-07-28T12:42:08.517" Title="Разница между &quot;вокзал&quot; и &quot;станция&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12873" CreationDate="2016-07-25T10:44:31.640" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вокзал&lt;/strong&gt; is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station_building&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;station&lt;/strong&gt; building&lt;/a&gt;. By the way, in informal speech &lt;strong&gt;вокзал&lt;/strong&gt; means the station itself (Поезд прибывает на Ленинградский &lt;em&gt;вокзал&lt;/em&gt; Москвы — Train departures to Leningradskiy &lt;em&gt;railway station&lt;/em&gt; of Moscow).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6602" LastActivityDate="2016-07-25T10:44:31.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12873" CreationDate="2016-07-25T12:10:07.757" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если оставаться в рамках &quot;транспортного&quot; контекста (не &quot;орбитальная станция&quot; и т.п.), то:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Станция&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - название места по его функции, например &quot;железнодорожная станция&quot; - место, где останавливаются поезда. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Вокзал&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - это собственно комплекс зданий. Вокзал выполняет функцию станции (служит станцией).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Толковый словарь Ушакова:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  СТА́НЦИЯ, станции, жен. (от лат. statio).&#xA;  1. Пункт остановки на больших дорогах, почтовых трактах. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Словарь иностранных слов русского языка:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ВОКЗАЛ — 1) здание железнодорожной станции с залом для ожидающих поездов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3503" LastEditorUserId="3503" LastEditDate="2016-07-25T12:55:08.483" LastActivityDate="2016-07-25T12:55:08.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12873" CreationDate="2016-07-25T12:34:51.403" Score="10" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The usage differs due to the size of the station. &lt;code&gt;Вокзал&lt;/code&gt; is used for larger station buildings, while &lt;code&gt;станция&lt;/code&gt; is used for small stops which may consist of only a platform and an overhang.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, the usage differs due to the type of the transport, or location of the stop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Subway stops - are called &lt;code&gt;станция метро,&lt;/code&gt; but never &lt;code&gt;вокзал.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Passenger-train stops could be either &lt;code&gt;железнодорожная станция,&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;железнодорожный вокзал,&lt;/code&gt; depending on the size. Stops for loading/unloading freight trains are &lt;code&gt;станция,&lt;/code&gt; but not &lt;code&gt;вокзал&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bus stops.  All stops in a city and small stops outside of a city are called &lt;code&gt;автобусная остановка,&lt;/code&gt; large ones serving many buses are &lt;code&gt;автовокзал,&lt;/code&gt;  anything in between is &lt;code&gt;автостанция&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Passenger-boat stops could be either &lt;code&gt;водный вокзал, речной вокзал, морской вокзал&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;водная станция&lt;/code&gt;, depending on the size.  Note that &lt;code&gt;водная станция&lt;/code&gt; is also used for beach areas and / or a places that rent out recreational rowing boats.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2016-07-25T12:34:51.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12759" CreationDate="2016-07-25T14:07:39.817" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the described context the reply &quot;ты вообще &lt;a href=&quot;http://search2.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%EC%EE%EB%EE%E4%E5%F6&amp;amp;gramm1=S&amp;amp;sem1=r%3Aconcr%20%26%20ev%3Aposit&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;docid=107345&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;молодец&lt;/a&gt;&quot; could be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Confirmation of the man's previous statement&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case the phrase could get translated like 'You are down with it', 'You rock', implying that the woman really believes the man would do (or normally, usually = &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;вообще&lt;/a&gt; does ) the right thing, and she approves his taste&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mockery of the man's statement, disbelieve or reaction on his assertion&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the usage of the phrase is rather irony than sarcasm. This meaning is mainly expressed by the word вообще that, besides the direct meaning of 'in general', can stand for both good and bad, negative or positive emotional connotation, much like the English 'Great!'. A common usage is '(Ну) вообще!' (Oh great! Perfect!). And we can add whatever we need to it to narrow to the subject: Да она вообще спец! Ну он вообще Паганини... &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6526" LastEditorUserId="6526" LastEditDate="2016-07-25T16:02:10.407" LastActivityDate="2016-07-25T16:02:10.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12879" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12880" CreationDate="2016-07-25T15:35:18.900" Score="4" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;p&gt;На фоне всё большего количества адептов предлога &quot;в&quot; в данном вопросе, становится интересно: а что говорят по этому поводу официальные источники? Есть ли официальные источники, утверждающие, что говорить &quot;в Украину&quot; -- правильно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-07-26T22:27:51.877" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T22:27:51.877" Title="&quot;В&quot; или &quot;на&quot; Украину? Интересуют официальные источники" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;toponyms&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12879" CreationDate="2016-07-25T19:42:34.810" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Дмитрий, школа грамматистов делится на два больших лагеря - я не про русскую а вообще. Например, французская столетиями зиждилась на том, что есть некая норма, некий правильный язык - и её надо придерживаться. Назовём этот лагерь пуристами. Другой подход - назовём его условном статистическим - отслеживается, какая из форм употребляется всё чаще, какая начинает употребляться реже - и просто констатируется факт - нормой стало вот это вот.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С языками, массово используемыми в нескольких странах ситуация становится ещё запутанней. Есть американский английский и есть английский Великобритании - определённое количество речевых оборотов и правил орфографии в этих странах разнитcя &lt;em&gt;по факту&lt;/em&gt;. В США говорят &lt;strong&gt;truck&lt;/strong&gt;, в Великобритании говорят &lt;strong&gt;lorry&lt;/strong&gt;. Если задать на английском форуме вопрос - скажите пожалуйста, всё-таки мне нужен авторитетный источник - правильно truck или lorry - то вопрос этот закроют как риторический и, честно говоря бессмысленный. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть факт - украинские русскоязычные люди предпочитают говорить &quot;в Украине&quot;, определённое части российской русскоязычной аудитории это режет слух, для какой-то её части этот вопрос вдруг перетекает в политическую плоскость. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы просите авторитетных источников, пожалуйста, у Розенталя &lt;a href=&quot;http://2yxa.ru/rus/styli_xlv_199_2.wml&quot;&gt;читаем&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Административно-географическими наименованиями употребляется предлог&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;, например: в городе, в районе, в области, в республике; в Сибири, в&#xA;  Белоруссии, в Закавказье. Сочетание &lt;strong&gt;на Украине&lt;/strong&gt; возникло под влиянием&#xA;  украинского языка (ср.: на Полтавщине, на Черниговщине) и&#xA;  поддерживается выражением на окраине.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть Дитмар Эльяшевич фактически говорит следующее - вообще говорят &quot;в&quot;, но под влиянием украинского существует форма &quot;на &quot; - к тому же есть слово окраина и форма образована по аналогии с ней (мы сейчас оставляем за скобками это замечание, оно не имеет отношения к делу). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Достаточно для вас Розенталь авторитетный источник? &#xA;Может быть, вам будет комфортней, если это будет там не знаю, какой-нибудь административный акт?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это всё не важно, важно что по факту норма употребляется.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот например, москвичи часто говорят &quot;сосиська&quot; и &quot;тётька&quot; - мне ужасно режет это слух, но поправлять их - дело неблагодарное. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-07-25T20:04:45.207" LastActivityDate="2016-07-25T20:04:45.207" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12881" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-26T02:38:07.670" Score="10" ViewCount="290" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any significant difference between the nouns &lt;strong&gt;прах&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;пепел&lt;/strong&gt;. I understand they both refer to &lt;em&gt;ashes&lt;/em&gt;, but are they completely interchangeable? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-07-26T03:47:52.477" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T17:34:21.757" Title="Difference between &quot;прах&quot; and &quot;пепел&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12881" CreationDate="2016-07-26T02:51:50.633" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Прах&lt;/em&gt; is remains of a dead human body, not necessarily cremated  (мир праху его). The word is a little bookish and almost not used in everyday language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пепел&lt;/em&gt; is remains of any burnt thing (бумажный пепел, пепел костра). See also &lt;em&gt;зола&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2016-07-26T03:11:20.043" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T03:11:20.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12883" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12881" CreationDate="2016-07-26T07:41:06.210" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with Alex.S that first thing one think of hearing word &quot;прах&quot; nowadays is what is left of a man after his death. &quot;Прах к праху&quot; is a citation from Bible - &quot;Ashes to ashes&quot;. However this is high-style figurative meaning. And it is the only time when &quot;ashes&quot; is translated as &quot;прах&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact &quot;прах&quot; is old word for &quot;dust&quot;, and not for a &quot;пепел&quot;. Пепел is what is left from burnt things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below go examples from &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/1101158&quot;&gt;Ushakov's dictionary&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Usages of &quot;прах&quot; in &quot;dust&quot; meaning: &quot;Отрясти прах от ног&quot; - remove dust from feet. &quot;Прах вился столбом&quot; (Лермонтов) - &quot;Dust was raised high&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another old-style figurative meaning - something non-valuable, &quot;И мощь бесов исчезнет яко прах&quot; (Пушкин) - &quot;Devils' might will disappear like dust&quot;, &quot;Деньги прах, вот что я тебе говорю&quot; (Островский) - &quot;Money is a dust, that's what I'm saying to you&quot;. (However if I would translate this to English I would use &quot;ashes&quot; to make a reference to Bible).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally - dead body (figurative), including cremated body (in this case it is less figurative - instead of &quot;ashes&quot; you call this powder &quot;a dust&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;And there are several proverbs &quot;В пух и в прах&quot; - completely, like when spent all money on gambling - &quot;проигрался в пух и в прах&quot;, &quot;Пойти прахом&quot; - when something valuable is ruined or disappeared, like when someone's business was ruined because of a bankrupcy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as a bottom line, these words are usually not interchangeable. They are interchangeable only in biblical figurative meaning, or when you are referring to a cremated body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-07-26T07:46:18.553" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T07:46:18.553" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12881" CreationDate="2016-07-26T11:26:57.320" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Прах&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (Church Slavonic), &quot;&lt;em&gt;порох&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (native Russian) and &quot;&lt;em&gt;порошок&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (diminutive of &quot;порох&quot;) were essentially the same thing, but in modern language they have become completely different: &quot;порох&quot; - gunpowder, &quot;порошок&quot; - any powder, except gunpowder and cosmetic powder (which is denoted by the loanword &quot;пудра&quot;), and for &quot;прах&quot; now remain only bookish and high-style figurative expressions for dust and human ashes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Пепел&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is a cognate word to &quot;powder&quot;, yet it denotes exclusively a light powder-like ash (often flying round the fire). As such ash is typically grayish, so there is an adjective &quot;&lt;em&gt;пепельный&lt;/em&gt;&quot; which means &quot;grayish color&quot; (e.g. &quot;пепельные волосы&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &quot;&lt;em&gt;зола&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (btw. it's a cognate to &quot;coal&quot;) means dark heavy ash, which usually remains in the fireplace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="179" LastEditDate="2016-07-26T17:34:21.757" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T17:34:21.757" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12885" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12910" CreationDate="2016-07-26T13:12:42.933" Score="5" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've only ever heard this verb in its perfective form &lt;strong&gt;раздобыть&lt;/strong&gt;, yet the dictionary lists &lt;strong&gt;раздобывать&lt;/strong&gt; as its imperfective. However is it ever used? The only context I could possibly imagine is something like: Здесь долго раздобывают такие вещи на черном рынке. Is that possible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-07-28T09:00:23.133" Title="Usage of imperfective раздобывать" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12886" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12893" CreationDate="2016-07-26T13:17:15.147" Score="4" ViewCount="78" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the expression &lt;strong&gt;не раздумывая ни секунды/минуты&lt;/strong&gt; are the time elements accusative plural or genitive singular?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-07-26T16:30:58.507" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T16:30:58.507" Title="Which case is used with &quot;не раздумывая ни&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12887" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12900" CreationDate="2016-07-26T13:29:05.017" Score="2" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen both &lt;strong&gt;раздумывать&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;подумывать&lt;/strong&gt; used in situations where the subject is giving serious thought to doing something. Thus in the sentence: &lt;strong&gt;Я подумываю сказать пару слов после ужина&lt;/strong&gt;, the speaker is entertaining the possibility of addressing his guests. Could he just as well have used &lt;strong&gt;раздумываю&lt;/strong&gt;? Are there any nuances that differentiate the choice of one over the other. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly enough, I saw the sentence: &lt;strong&gt;Я уже подумываю позвонить твоему отцу!&lt;/strong&gt; which I interepreted as a threat or warning along the lines of &lt;em&gt;I have half a mind to call your father! (and tell him what you did)&lt;/em&gt;. Would &lt;strong&gt;раздумываю&lt;/strong&gt; here preserve the same tenor?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-07-28T12:38:09.637" Title="раздумывать versus подумывать" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12886" CreationDate="2016-07-26T13:30:52.637" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is &lt;strong&gt;genitive singular&lt;/strong&gt; (родительный падеж).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answers the question: кого? чего? - секунды, минуты. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar: не терять ни секунды.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5510" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T13:30:52.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12886" CreationDate="2016-07-26T14:06:23.883" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes they even say &quot;Не раздумывая ни &lt;strong&gt;единой&lt;/strong&gt; секунды&quot;. So it should be obvious it's singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T14:06:23.883" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12887" CreationDate="2016-07-26T14:19:18.160" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;«раздумываю» is more about the process, while «подумываю» is more about an intent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another difference is purely grammatical: they govern different prepositions/cases. In «раздумываю &lt;em&gt;о чем-либо&lt;/em&gt;» the object is in the prepositional case, while in «подумываю &lt;em&gt;что-либо&lt;/em&gt;» it's accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Я уже подумываю позвонить твоему отцу!» sentence could be used with «раздумываю», but in this case, a native speaker would likely use an indirect negation (sic!) «Я раздумываю, &lt;em&gt;не позвонить ли&lt;/em&gt; мне твоему отцу!». I would say, the latter is the consequence of «раздумываю» being more about a process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2383" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-07-28T11:35:27.087" LastActivityDate="2016-07-28T11:35:27.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12887" CreationDate="2016-07-26T14:23:05.683" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Thus in the sentence: Я подумываю сказать пару слов после ужина, the speaker is entertaining the possibility of addressing his guests. Could he just as well have used раздумываю?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Раздумываю&lt;/em&gt;&quot; means an alternative here. So you may say something like: &quot;Я раздумываю сказать пару слов после ужина или нет&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Would раздумываю here preserve the same tenor?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, unless you mean colloquial &quot;раздумываю&quot; = &quot;собираюсь передумать&quot; = &quot;I'm going to change my mind&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally &quot;раздумывать&quot; makes sense only as &quot;fair thinking&quot;, so it's a &quot;bad&quot; threat. Of course one may make his intention more obvious, sort of: &quot;Я уже раздумываю, не лучше ли в таком случае позвонить твоему отцу&quot; etc. But as is the single verb &quot;раздумывать&quot; is too weak for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T14:23:05.683" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12892" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12885" CreationDate="2016-07-26T14:30:49.887" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;However is it ever used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though this verb is a &quot;legal&quot; one, I can't think of any good reason to use it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Здесь долго раздобывают такие вещи на черном рынке. Is that possible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure why you say &quot;долго&quot; - it seems to have no sense in this context. I'd rather say: &quot;Здесь можно раздобыть такие вещи только на черном рынке&quot; or something like that. So instead of &quot;раздобывать&quot;, I believe, one may always say either &quot;добывать&quot; or &quot;можно раздобыть&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T14:30:49.887" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12886" CreationDate="2016-07-26T15:45:17.570" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In case of negative statement, &quot;ни&quot; will serve as particle and word depending on it (most likely noun, but not necessary) will be used in genitive case, singular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.&lt;em&gt;Част.&lt;/em&gt; В отрицательном предложении означает полное отсутствие упоминаемого объекта, обозначаемого в родительном падеже.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Я не видел там ни одного солдата.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule will apply to the negative statements where &quot;ни&quot; is used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1674" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T15:45:17.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12894" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-26T17:06:39.707" Score="5" ViewCount="165" Body="&lt;p&gt;When do you use &lt;code&gt;про&lt;/code&gt; and when &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt;? (about). Are they synonyms in all contexts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: I discovered &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/52/usage-of-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE-instead-of-%D0%BE?rq=1&quot;&gt;Usage of &amp;quot;про&amp;quot; instead of &amp;quot;о&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apologies!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4702" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T15:00:30.847" Title="When do you use про and when о?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12895" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12903" CreationDate="2016-07-26T17:26:57.553" Score="8" ViewCount="1578" Body="&lt;p&gt;I play a mobile game that has a number of Russians in my guild. I can type out what they say in Google Translate, but on my phone I only have the Latin A-Z available. I know I could go get a Russian keyboard app, but is there a way to communicate in an elementary fashion with Russians using just the Latin alphabet? Is there a mapping of Russian letters to Latin letters that would allow me to type to them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7584" LastActivityDate="2016-12-26T11:53:14.140" Title="Communicate to Russians with only Latin alphabet" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-03-28T22:09:41.450" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12894" CreationDate="2016-07-26T17:27:48.097" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are basically complete synonyms, but &quot;про что-то&quot; is mostly used in conversation or when imitating oral speech, while &quot;о чём-то&quot; is stylistically more neutral. Also note that &quot;о чём-то&quot; uses different case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastEditorUserId="7544" LastEditDate="2016-07-27T01:10:07.760" LastActivityDate="2016-07-27T01:10:07.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12897" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12895" CreationDate="2016-07-26T17:31:56.613" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please clarify your needs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you want to be able to respond to them using a Latin keyboard? Just type Russian words in transliteration, like &quot;Spasibo&quot;. I do it in all the games that have problems with Russian layout. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you want to type what they say in Google Translate so it translates things for you? Unfortunately, it can't accept transliteration as far as I know, but instead of typing you could use some application that can detect text and translate it for you. I am not a smartphone user, but I know that such applications exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditDate="2016-12-26T11:53:14.140" LastActivityDate="2016-12-26T11:53:14.140" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-03-28T22:09:41.450" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12885" CreationDate="2016-07-26T17:34:31.803" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your sentence is gramatically correct, but the word &quot;раздобывать&quot; is of informal style, consider using other words if not speaking informally. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T17:34:31.803" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12899" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12913" CreationDate="2016-07-26T17:43:21.020" Score="6" ViewCount="484" Body="&lt;p&gt;In principle we can use: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он выглядит &lt;em&gt;как дурак&lt;/em&gt;; &lt;em&gt;дураком&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он выглядит &lt;em&gt;хорошо, хорошим, как хороший X&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which structure is best, or how do they differ in meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also read this in &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/769942&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Толковый словарь Ушакова&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ВЫ́ГЛЯДЕТЬ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;всё более входящий в употребление германизм - букв. перевод нем. aussehen.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;(разг.)&lt;/em&gt;. Иметь какой-нибудь вид, производить какое-нибудь впечатление своим видом. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;После болезни он хорошо выглядит.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   Этот дом выглядит совсем новым. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does that mean this verb only recently took on the meaning of &quot;to look like&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="1674" LastEditDate="2016-07-27T14:05:41.670" LastActivityDate="2016-07-28T16:50:15.487" Title="Which case to use with &quot;выглядеть&quot;" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12887" CreationDate="2016-07-26T18:31:24.247" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Разд’умать&lt;/strong&gt;, -аю, -аешь; соверш. вид, с неопред. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.Отказаться от задуманного, перерешить. --&lt;em&gt;to change one's mind,decision&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Раздумать ехать.(to change one's mind and not to go.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;несовершенный вид &lt;strong&gt;раздумывать&lt;/strong&gt;, -аю, -аешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Думать, долго не приходя к какому-нибудь заключению, к решению. --&lt;em&gt;to think for a long time not coming to any decision, conclusion&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Раздумывать о случившемся.( to think of what happened )&#xA;  Хватит раздумывать, соглашайся.(Stop thinking it over.Accept it.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Под’умывать&lt;/strong&gt;, -аю, -аешь; несовершенный вид (разговорн.).(colloquial )&#xA;1. От времени до времени думать о чём-нибудь предстоящем. --&lt;em&gt;from time to time to think about future events&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Подумывать об отъезде.(to think about leaving ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Намереваться сделать что-нибудь .--&lt;em&gt;to have an intention, to decide to do something&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давно подумывал уехать.(I have been thinking about going away for a long time).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back to your examples. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;подумываю&lt;/strong&gt; сказать пару слов после ужина.-- I am thinking(I am determined, I know what to say) of saying something after dinner. The structure is &lt;em&gt;verb+infinitive&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't just change the verb here, but you can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;раздумываю&lt;/strong&gt;, сказать ли об этом после ужина.(или нет)(I am thinking whether to say about that after dinner or not. I haven't decided yet.)The structure is &lt;em&gt;verb+if clause(conditional )&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я уже &lt;strong&gt;подумываю&lt;/strong&gt; позвонить твоему отцу.(I am almost ready to call your father) &lt;em&gt;verb+infinitive&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't just change the verb here. But you can say, using &lt;em&gt;conditional&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;раздумываю&lt;/strong&gt;, позвонить  твоему отцу или нет.(I am thinking of calling but I haven't made up my mind yet).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T18:31:24.247" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1945" CreationDate="2016-07-26T18:31:29.890" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I disagree with the accepted answer. And the reference to the translation of &quot;user experience&quot; as &quot;опыт взаимодействия&quot; does not hold much water either, IMHO. English word &quot;experience&quot; has 2 meanings (at least): 1. certain level of expertise and 2. a process of observation, encounter etc.&#xA;Russian word &quot;опыт&quot;, on the other hand, only corresponds to the first meaning. This fact completely invalidates the referenced title translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think a better translation would be something like &quot;впечатление пользователя&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3727" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T18:31:29.890" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12899" CreationDate="2016-07-26T19:05:39.887" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Выглядеть&quot; + Adverb is always without &quot;как&quot;, in singular instrumental case, so is &quot;Выглядеть&quot; + Adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Выглядеть&quot; + Noun doesn't really change meaning at all depending on which construction do you use, both are totally OK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T19:05:39.887" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12895" CreationDate="2016-07-26T19:55:13.153" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;What you are searching for is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translit&quot;&gt;translit&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Translit is a method of encoding Cyrillic letters with Latin ones. [...]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The translit system arose when Russian speakers first needed to write their language on computers that did not support the Cyrillic script.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically what it means is that you will write russian words using the latin keyboard. There are certain rules however (refer to &lt;strong&gt;Common Transliterations in translit&lt;/strong&gt; table), which can be a bit tedious to write and to read / understand too (although they are common and well-known):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;odin       ||      один&#xA;chetyre    ||      четыре&#xA;shest'     ||      шесть  &#xA;sem'       ||      семь&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's possible to convert russian words to translit and back with some services, like &lt;a href=&quot;http://translit.net/&quot;&gt;translit.net&lt;/a&gt;. That can be done only when words are already written in Russian though; you will need to know respective rules of transliteration to write word only with Latin keyboard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1674" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T19:55:13.153" CommentCount="4" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-03-28T22:09:41.450" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12873" CreationDate="2016-07-26T22:49:16.610" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many fine points related to both of these words. In some contexts they may be used interchangeably, or a choice may be made depending on the context and the point of view. Now we won't bother ourselves with non-transportation usages of станция such as электростанция or станция переливания крови.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Станция in technical sense means a point where vehicles or trains start or complete their journeys, are shunted, split, joined etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When speaking of railroads, it is important to know that for a railway person there's a difference between поезд (train) as a unit of traffic and its physical implementation such as состав (consist), одиночный локомотив (solitary locomotive), сплотка локомотивов (a group of locomotives), дрезина, мотриса (railcars) or others. A consist is always a consist, a railcar is always a railcar, etc, but they all only become a train when the train dispatcher appoints it and gives it the order to start; and they are no longer a train once they arrived at destination. That's exactly what станция is for. A станция always has a few tracks, points, entry and exit (and possibly intermediate) semaphores and a signalbox. There's also a specialized type of станция called разъезд - that is a passing loop on single track line. You may ask, what about a simple platform near a straight stretch of track? Well, a Russian railway pro will tell you that that is not a станция, that's a платформа (if it has any passenger facilities) or an остановочный пункт (otherwise). Moreover, in some cases you can find out that sometimes a станция is so large that there is more than one платформа in its boundaries (eg. станция Подмосковная in Moscow, where local trains stop at платформа Гражданская and платформа Ленинградская). Without going into extremely fine points, that's all there is  about станция as a railroad term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In bus traffic, [авто]станция is also a place where bus routes start and finish. However, a rural bus route will usually have only one of its ends at a станция - the other will be a mere остановка (stop) in a remote village. What makes the difference is enough space for prolonged stopping and facilities for passengers and drivers. Soviet traditions of urban bus and tram planning usually also prescribe the creation of terminus stations (конечная станция) with facilities for drivers. In pre-GPS times their schedule keeping was also done there. Every route is then planned so that at least one of its ends is at such a terminus station.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The easiest situation is in metro - every stop is a станция, in both technical and informal contexts, although even here there's the ever-going controversy whether cross-platform interchanges should be counted as one or two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In water transportation the word станция is usually not used. Here we use пристань for a single pier or порт for larger traffic hubs. In air transportation, it's аэродром (without a passenger building) or аэропорт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вокзал technically is the passenger building of a станция, порт or аэропорт. It often comes with some prefix: автовокзал, аэровокзал, речной вокзал, морской вокзал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now to everyday usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fine points of difference between станция, платформа, разъезд, остановочный пункт are of no interest to most railway passengers; they use the word станция to denote most of them, making their railway-employed friends wince.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, some of the stations are synecdochally called вокзал. A city dweller will use вокзал to denote the principal station of a railway line serving that city. Long-distance trains usually will only stop at these stations. For example, Moscow has 9 stations called вокзал, with 10 radii originating from them; long-distance trains in normal conditions never stop anywhere within the bounds of Moscow but at these stations. Most cities have only one вокзал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A passenger travelling on a long-distance train (say, along the Trans-Siberian) has a different perspective. He will use the word вокзал to describe a particularly large station en route. For passengers travelling in a suburban train, вокзал is the terminus station in the regional capital.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This synecdochal usage also applies to bus and water transportation. However, аэровокзал is nowadays faded out of colloquial usage at all - even if we want to speak of the building itself, we'll say терминал or just здание аэропорта.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With metro, вокзал is only used very rarely in exalted newspaper reports praising the beauties of the new stations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2284" LastActivityDate="2016-07-26T22:49:16.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12905" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12906" CreationDate="2016-07-28T01:35:30.947" Score="2" ViewCount="83" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you ask for a &quot;table for five&quot; or a question of similar nature where the number or adjective implies a noun following it such as &quot;table for five (people),&quot; should the number or adjective be in the nominative case or the accusative case (пять or пяти)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-07-28T19:11:13.387" Title="Adjectives &amp; Numbers Implying Nouns" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12905" CreationDate="2016-07-28T02:33:15.477" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Genitive: &quot;стол для пяти (человек/тарелок)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a special form for numerals which is commonly used in Russian in such cases: стол для пятерых. This is called &quot;собирательное числительное&quot; (collective numeral):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;двое&#xA;трое&#xA;четверо&#xA;пятеро&#xA;шестеро&#xA;etc.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are a bit tricky: they can also be used with a noun (для пятерых человек), but only with an animate one and never feminine (для двоих братьев, но: для двух сестёр, для шести коробок). (There are exceptions for plural-only words). And, which makes it more relevant to your example, they more readily imply 'persons' as the noun, so &quot;стол для пятерых&quot; is a bit clearer and less potentially ambiguous (and more common) than &quot;стол для пяти&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When used in the 'nominative' form (двое братьев), they formally require Accusative for the noun, but remember it's animate plural only, which is in practice often identical to Genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in your example, the whole phrase (including the numeral) takes whatever form is required by the case: для + Genitive. We can put it in any other case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Думаю о пяти/пятерых братьях (Prepositional)&#xA;Горжусь тремя/троими братьями (Instrumental)&#xA;Стол для семи/семерых братьев (Genitive)&#xA;Стол на шесть/шестерых братьев (Accusative)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastEditorUserId="7537" LastEditDate="2016-07-28T04:25:39.160" LastActivityDate="2016-07-28T04:25:39.160" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12907" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12908" CreationDate="2016-07-28T03:21:13.307" Score="5" ViewCount="184" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you are asked a question like &quot;Откуда вы?&quot;, and you wanted to answer with a single word, would you say &quot;Россия&quot; or &quot;России&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-07-31T02:46:31.293" Title="Answering Questions with Incomplete Phrases" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12907" CreationDate="2016-07-28T04:23:52.593" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can actually use both, but the second noun should be used with its preposition &lt;strong&gt;из России&lt;/strong&gt; and it sounds &lt;strong&gt;more correct&lt;/strong&gt;. But speaking to foreigners I would choose &lt;em&gt;Россия&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-07-31T02:46:31.293" LastActivityDate="2016-07-31T02:46:31.293" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12907" CreationDate="2016-07-28T07:32:06.247" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Из России&lt;/em&gt; is the proper answer. &lt;em&gt;России&lt;/em&gt; would be definitely a &lt;strong&gt;mistake&lt;/strong&gt;: you can't use the required case with dropped preposition here. &lt;em&gt;Россия&lt;/em&gt; из possible but not perfect: similar simplified, low colloquial answers sometimes even sound impolite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-07-28T07:32:06.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12885" CreationDate="2016-07-28T08:55:09.883" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Раздобыть&lt;/em&gt; means to get something rare &lt;em&gt;by chance&lt;/em&gt;, as opposed to &lt;em&gt;добыть/добывать&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;by making proper efforts&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы не поверите, сегодня я раздобыл для своей коллекции [картину]&#xA;  Айвазовского.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Раздобыть&lt;/em&gt; even carries a hidden meaning '&lt;strong&gt;for once&lt;/strong&gt;' (by strange coincidence, it reminds the expression &quot;как-то &lt;em&gt;раз добыл&lt;/em&gt;&quot;). It could explain why the imperfective form &lt;em&gt;раздобывать&lt;/em&gt; (meaning some person gets lucky with something all the time) is almost never used and even if used properly (about smth. happening not too often and each time &lt;em&gt;for once&lt;/em&gt;) might sound strange (as in your example). Here's my attempt:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Порой ему везло, и он раздобывал для музея что-нибудь удивительное и&#xA;  неожиданное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2016-07-28T09:00:23.133" LastActivityDate="2016-07-28T09:00:23.133" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12887" CreationDate="2016-07-28T12:30:59.053" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Добрый день!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В данном случае &quot;раздумывать&quot; означает процесс ( Пример: &quot;Я раздумываю над проблемой потепления климата&quot; - &quot;I'm (trying to decide/ thinking of a) a problem of a global warming&quot; ). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Раздумать&quot; - означает отказ от намерения ( Пример: &quot;Я раздумал готовить ужин сегодня вечером&quot; - &quot;I decided not to cook dinner tonight&quot; )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Подумывать&quot; - думать о чем-либо, имея альтернативу ( Пример: &quot;Я подумываю завтра поехать за город&quot; ( т.е. &quot;Я еще не решил поеду я или нет&quot; ) - &quot;I still thinking about going to the village tomorrow, but I haven't made concrete decision yet - maybe I will, maybe I won't&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7587" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-07-28T12:38:09.637" LastActivityDate="2016-07-28T12:38:09.637" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12873" CreationDate="2016-07-28T12:42:08.517" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;У слова &quot;вокзал&quot; есть 2 значения:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;здание на станции, где продаются билеты и ждут поезда пассажиры&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;крупная железнодорожная станция с большим количеством пассажиров&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Станция&quot; - более общее понятие:&#xA;- станция метро (subway)&#xA;- железнодорожная станция (railway station)&#xA;- насосная станция (pumb station)&#xA;.... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7587" LastActivityDate="2016-07-28T12:42:08.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12899" CreationDate="2016-07-28T13:38:36.070" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which structure is the best or how do they differ in meaning?&#xA;Does that mean that the word only recently took that meaning? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb выглядеть originally meant &lt;em&gt;to watch and see secretly&lt;/em&gt; where something is or what is being done.&#xA;It is perfective and transitive. This meaning is preserved in modern Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В толпе он выглядел своего знакомого.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb выглядеть in the meaning &lt;em&gt;to look like&lt;/em&gt; was first mentioned in 1830 used by German people living in St.Petersburg. It was borrowed from German and used as a calque.(Драганов П.Д. О германизме &quot;выглядит&quot; в русском языке.) The usage was considered &quot;abnormal &quot; by some linguists (Я.К. Грот) because the verb &quot;aussehen&quot; was imperfective. It becomes a norm in the 20th century.&#xA;In its new meaning the verb is followed by a noun and an adjective in the instrumental case, an adjective or a noun (instr. case), a comparative or an adverb. Adverbs are used as often as adjectives (full form ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Здания выглядят неопрятными. Каким чучелом ты выглядишь. Я выгляжу моложе. Вы хорошо выглядите.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Апресян Ю.Д. explains  difference in usage. Adverbs give general impression of the object. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты так молодо выглядишь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adjectives describe  and add a quality to the object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты сегодня выглядишь молодым и свежим. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it's not as easy as that. Он выглядел совсем больным. But you can't use an adverb &quot;больно&quot;. Why? Because the meaning of the verb is &quot;to look like&quot; and &quot;painfully &quot; doesn't describe a person. Adverbs and adjectives aren't always interchangeable.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-07-28T13:38:36.070" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12899" CreationDate="2016-07-28T14:31:19.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that usage of &amp;quot;выглядеть&amp;quot; depends on what part of speech it needs to be conjoined with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Выглядеть + как + Noun phrase in nominative case&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The expression is used to show that something/someone looks similar to something else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;выглядит как королева&lt;/em&gt; - looks like a queen&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;выглядела как английская королева&lt;/em&gt; - looked like an English queen&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;выглядит как новый&lt;/em&gt; - looks like new (the noun is dropped)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Выглядеть + Noun phrase in nominative case&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This form is used in questions with &amp;quot;как&amp;quot;, or in statements with &amp;quot;так.&amp;quot; In the latter case it simply states the facts. It is the only use case which does not use similarities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как выглядит траектория?&lt;/em&gt; - How does trajectory look like?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Так выглядит спутниковая антенна.&lt;/em&gt; - This is how satellite antenna looks like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Выглядеть + Noun phrase in instrumental case / Noun phrase in instrumental case + Выглядеть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar to the first case this expression is used to show that something looks like something else.  There is no difference in meaning between the first case and this one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;выглядит новобранцем&lt;/em&gt; - looks like a rookie&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;выглядит смешной пародией&lt;/em&gt; - looks like a funny parody&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;выглядела бледной и блёклой&lt;/em&gt; - looked pale and dull (the noun is dropped)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Островком роста выглядит страхование имущества.&lt;/em&gt; - Property insurance looks like an island of growth (the noun phrase in instrumental case can precede the verb)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4. Выглядеть + adverbial phrase&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The expression is used to show similarity.  Just like the first and the third cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;выглядит странно и неубедительно&lt;/em&gt; - looks strange and unconvincing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он пытается выглядеть как можно умнее&lt;/em&gt; - He tries to look as smart as possible (adverbial phrase uses the word &amp;quot;как&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Моей дочке 13, но она выглядит на 15 лет.&lt;/em&gt; - My daughter is 13, but she looks as if she were 15&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, the form that needs to be used is dictated by what part(s) of speech is used in the rest of the phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-07-28T16:50:15.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12905" CreationDate="2016-07-28T19:11:13.387" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Never heard &quot;стол для пяти&quot; to be used in real life. In a context of, say, a restaurant reservation, it will be &quot;стол на пятерых&quot;. In a context of something like explaining what size is your dining room, you will say: &quot;может вместить стол на пять человек&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3727" LastActivityDate="2016-07-28T19:11:13.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12916" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-07-28T21:04:04.690" Score="2" ViewCount="174" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently came across the sentence: &lt;strong&gt;Не беспокойся по поводу этого&lt;/strong&gt; and wondered if it can also be expressed as &lt;strong&gt;Не беспокойся по этому поводу&lt;/strong&gt; with no change in meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-07-29T01:08:04.767" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T12:09:47.097" Title="&quot;По этому поводу&quot; or &quot;по поводу этого&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12917" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12921" CreationDate="2016-07-28T21:58:42.553" Score="1" ViewCount="1410" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I wanted to ask someone, &quot;What sport do you like?&quot; or almost the same thing, &quot;Which sport do you like?&quot; - this latter being used as if a parent was asking a child while they were reviewing a sign-up sheet for try-outs at school what sport they may like. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are these two cases best translated by,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что спорт ты любишь?&#xA;Какой спопт ты любишь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is the first one always improper?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T00:42:02.267" Title="Какой vs что - when asking questions" Tags="&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12918" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12925" CreationDate="2016-07-28T22:03:26.597" Score="2" ViewCount="174" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following sentence, given that &lt;strong&gt;дай&lt;/strong&gt; is an imperative form (and singular at that), I have to assume that &lt;strong&gt;только дай повод&lt;/strong&gt; is an idiom: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я знаю, что вам &lt;strong&gt;только дай повод&lt;/strong&gt; надо мной поиздеваться, но для меня&#xA;  много значит, чтобы она вам понравилась.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would be the interpretation of this idiom and could you cite more examples of its usage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-07-29T03:50:58.017" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T07:35:26.127" Title="Interpretation of the idiom &quot;только дай повод&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12919" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12924" CreationDate="2016-07-28T22:18:42.507" Score="1" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the short neuter form of adjectives always automatically constitute the corresponding adverb, or are there cases of the short neuter form and the adverb having different forms/stress patterns?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T00:49:55.747" Title="Form of Russian adverbs" Tags="&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12920" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12922" CreationDate="2016-07-28T23:02:47.910" Score="8" ViewCount="3282" Body="&lt;p&gt;When should I use &quot;Бегать&quot; and when should I use &quot;Бежать&quot;? What's the difference between these two words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, if want to say &quot;I enjoy running&quot; should I say &quot;Мне нравится бегать&quot; or &quot;Мне нравится бежать&quot;? Or does it sound more natural to just say &quot;Я интересуюсь бегом&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I grew up speaking Russian at home, but I haven't had much of a formal education in Russian, and so there are many things about Russian grammar that I don't understand. This particular question is something I have a lot of trouble with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7592" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-07-29T04:45:18.333" LastActivityDate="2016-08-05T10:40:42.857" Title="Бегать vs. Бежать?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12917" CreationDate="2016-07-29T00:18:32.407" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first one will be incorrect using of the word, at least with that punctuation and words order (and the meaning). You &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; use it in this combination:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Что&lt;/em&gt;, ты спорт любишь ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However it changes meaning quite a bit and becomes more like &quot;Well, it appears that you like sport ?&quot;. Word &quot;что&quot; will become as &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;particle for increasing effect of the question&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To ask for clarification according to your examples you will use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Какой&lt;/em&gt; спорт ты любишь ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another way, more of formal language, but still acceptable would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Что за&lt;/em&gt; спорт ты любишь ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, you'll use &quot;что&quot; when asking about thing / fact / anything described with a noun, while &quot;какой&quot; - for description of that noun.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Что ты любишь читать ?  &#xA;- Художественную литературу.&#xA;- А какой жанр ты предпочитаешь ? (Что за could  be also used here)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1674" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T00:18:32.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12920" CreationDate="2016-07-29T00:19:48.210" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;strong&gt;мне нравится бегать&lt;/strong&gt;. More natural, perhaps, is &lt;strong&gt;я люблю бегать&lt;/strong&gt;; definitely not &lt;strong&gt;интересуюсь&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне нравится бежать&lt;/strong&gt; is something you could say in the middle of running, in response to a question why you wouldn't walk. Or it could be an &amp;quot;existential&amp;quot;, mildly pretentious way to say &amp;quot;I like fleeing&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a specific case of the motion verb issue, which is a notoriously hard part of Russian grammar. These verbs have, beside aspect, another inherent category which splits them in pairs: directionality. &lt;strong&gt;Бежать&lt;/strong&gt; is for running in a particular direction or towards a certain endpoint. &lt;strong&gt;Бегать&lt;/strong&gt; is for just running about, or for repeated/habitual instances of &lt;strong&gt;бежать&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other motion verbs that work the same are (directional first):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;идти — ходить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ехать — ездить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;лететь — летать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;плыть — плавать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;тащить — таскать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;нести — носить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вести — водить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;везти — возить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ползти — ползать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;лезть — лазать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;брести — бродить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;гнать — гонять&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://russkiyyazik.ru/178/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T00:19:48.210" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12923" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12917" CreationDate="2016-07-29T00:36:14.473" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right, only &quot;Какой спорт&quot; is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, &quot;Что&quot; in questions of such kind requires a dependent verb, which, however, could often be &quot;is&quot; (есть), which, as you know, is usually implicit in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что полезного &lt;em&gt;производит&lt;/em&gt; спорт? Что такое спорт? (= Что есть спорт?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you are asking to qualify or select one of a class, like in your example, you always need to use words &lt;em&gt;какой&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;который&lt;/em&gt;. These two words &lt;em&gt;approximately&lt;/em&gt; account for the subtle difference between &lt;em&gt;what&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;which&lt;/em&gt; in your example: &lt;em&gt;какой&lt;/em&gt; usually qualifies from a generic set of unspecified/unknown alternatives (какой цвет тебе больше нравится?), while &lt;em&gt;который&lt;/em&gt; assumes a known set: который из этих цветов ты выберешь? However, &lt;em&gt;какой&lt;/em&gt; is more generic and can usually be used for both cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastEditorUserId="7537" LastEditDate="2016-07-29T00:42:02.267" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T00:42:02.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12924" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12919" CreationDate="2016-07-29T00:49:55.747" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Равный&lt;/strong&gt; yields the short neuter &lt;strong&gt;равнó&lt;/strong&gt; but the adverb is &lt;strong&gt;рáвно&lt;/strong&gt;. I think there are other adverbs that don't follow suit when the corresponding short adjective shifts stress to the last syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, most passive participles with the suffix  &lt;code&gt;-нн-&lt;/code&gt; lose the second &lt;code&gt;н&lt;/code&gt; in the short form, while the adverb keeps it geminated: &lt;strong&gt;растерянный&lt;/strong&gt; — &lt;strong&gt;общество растеряно&lt;/strong&gt;, but &lt;strong&gt;растерянно улыбнуться&lt;/strong&gt;. That can also be accompanied by a non-matching stress shift: &lt;strong&gt;определенó&lt;/strong&gt; (adj.) vs. &lt;strong&gt;определённо&lt;/strong&gt; (adv.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T00:49:55.747" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12918" CreationDate="2016-07-29T00:59:17.190" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right, it is an idiom. Sometimes it is also used in the form &quot;дай только повод&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning is like &quot;give him a chance, and he'll immediately do it&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This second implicit part can sometimes be given explicitly, in which case the idiom becomes almost a literal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе только дай повод, и ты опять сбежишь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But generally it is used in situations similar to your example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нашей собаке только дай повод залезть в воду!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Give our dog a chance to get into water, and it will immediately jump in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T00:59:17.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12918" CreationDate="2016-07-29T04:39:18.440" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I take it more as &quot;normal sentence&quot; than an idiom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian imperative is used to express a conditional clause, e.g.: &quot;тебе что ни скажи, всё не так&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you may interpret it like this: &quot;вам только дай повод надо мной поиздеваться&quot; --&gt; &quot;[if] only you were given a chance (occasion) to mock me [you'd readily do this]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T04:39:18.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12918" CreationDate="2016-07-29T07:35:26.127" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ПОВОД&lt;/strong&gt;, повода, мн. ы, м. Случай, обстоятельство, которое можно использовать с какой-нибудь целью, предлог.(Circumstances which can be used for a certain purpose, pretext ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Повод для ссоры. Придираться по всякому поводу. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дать или подать повод&lt;/strong&gt; кому-чему -to give someone an opportunity to act or think in a certain way.&#xA;To submit an event which will serve as the beginning of the action. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T07:35:26.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12916" CreationDate="2016-07-29T07:56:34.143" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;По этому поводу and по поводу этого (not followed by a noun) are synonyms. According to the National Corpus the first is used more often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Василь Быков. Лесное счастье &#xA;  Правительство срочно определило праздничный день Идеи; общественный комитет, созданный &lt;strong&gt;по этому поводу&lt;/strong&gt;, разработал целый комплекс торжественных мероприятий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Виктор Пелевин. Ника&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я не помню, когда она первый раз пошла гулять без меня, но помню свои чувства &lt;strong&gt;по этому поводу&lt;/strong&gt; ― я отпустил её без особого волнения, отбросив вялую мысль о том, что надо бы пойти вместе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Володин Борис. «Мы собрались не смотреть, а рассмотреть медиумические явления...» &#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;По поводу этого&lt;/strong&gt; г-н Аксаков заявил, что «это нехорошо». &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second phrase is more often used with a noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А. Т. Твардовский. Рабочие тетради 60-х годов (1968) // «Знамя», 2003&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  А кроме того ― какая бы радость была &lt;strong&gt;по поводу этого «ЧП»&lt;/strong&gt; в пятом подъезде (это, оказывается, агитпроп, а в отдел культуры еще будет особое наставление), какая возможность для «оформления дела». &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;З. И. Воскресенская. Сердце матери (1963-1965)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;По поводу этого случая&lt;/strong&gt; я беседовал с матерью о...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T07:56:34.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12916" CreationDate="2016-07-29T12:09:47.097" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;По этому поводу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means related to the discussed topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;По поводу этого&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related to the discussed event or situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T12:09:47.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12930" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12932" CreationDate="2016-07-29T14:44:08.900" Score="5" ViewCount="330" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard there's a common saying in Russia that says something like &quot;even a police won't take the last cigarette&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is this true?&#xA;and if it is, what is the exact phrase?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7595" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T16:18:35.217" Title="taking the last cigarette of a pack" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12894" CreationDate="2016-07-29T15:00:30.847" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Про&lt;/code&gt; is used with case - &lt;code&gt;написать про кого, что? - написать про картину, написать про актрису&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;О&lt;/code&gt; is used with another case - &lt;code&gt;написать о ком, чём? - написать о книге, написать об актрисе&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One subtle grammatical difference is that о should be written as об if vowels follow in the next word &lt;code&gt;почитал о картине&lt;/code&gt;, but &lt;code&gt;почитал об актрисе&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They also imply some emotions, which are not easily logically explained. I guess, because people of higher education or/and of more poetical nature tend to use о instead of про. When you say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они разговаривали о любви&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(They spoke about love) it sounds different as when you say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;они разговаривали про любовь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last phrase implies that love has lower meaning, lake dating etc. On the other hand &lt;code&gt;про&lt;/code&gt; is more business-style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2343" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T15:00:30.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12930" CreationDate="2016-07-29T16:18:35.217" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is such saying, the exact phrase is &quot;последнюю даже мент не возьмет&quot;. Cigarettes aren't mentioned, but the phrase is not used about anything else or in a metaphorical meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a person asks you for a cigarette, and you offer him one, but he sees that it's last cigarette in a box, then he would probably say this phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is more of a &quot;common answer&quot; than a simile, idiom or anything, that's why you won't find it in a dictionary of any kind, but it really is rather common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2016-07-29T16:18:35.217" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12920" CreationDate="2016-07-30T06:11:26.257" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;(an addition)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;strong&gt;бежать&lt;/strong&gt; is also used in idiomatic meaning 'to escape' (form. совершить побег) from a place of captivity like jail. In that case it usually works as &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt; verb and doesn't need to be modified with a prefix (less formal 'prefixed' versions &lt;em&gt;сбежать&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;убежать&lt;/em&gt; are possible in proper context). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вчера он бежал из тюрьмы. (He escaped from jail yesterday.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of repeated action &lt;em&gt;бежать&lt;/em&gt; in the meaning of escape is transformed into smth. like &lt;em&gt;совершать побеги&lt;/em&gt; (inform. сбегать, убегать) while the verb &lt;strong&gt;бегать&lt;/strong&gt; is not used in that meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2016-08-01T17:41:15.500" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T17:41:15.500" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2851" CreationDate="2016-07-30T06:24:35.760" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Абсолютно взаимозаменяемые слова. Нет никакой разницы. Автор строк про самолеты и билеты в корне не прав. Говорю, как филолог. И эти слова не предлоги, а союзы. &#xA;Изначально союз &quot;только&quot; означал &quot;столько, сколько есть&quot;, а &quot;лишь&quot; употреблялся в значении &quot;свыше, больше&quot;. Теперь же их употребление регулируется скорее нормами благозвучия, чем семантикой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7599" LastActivityDate="2016-07-30T06:24:35.760" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12935" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12938" CreationDate="2016-07-30T13:27:47.797" Score="8" ViewCount="214" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently came across this sentence: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В любом случае клейми́ть целую нацию из-за частных случаев &lt;strong&gt;негоже&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I'm having a hard time finding any concrete information on the actual meaning of негоже, and it's register - is it colloquial, formal, archaic, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-07-31T23:35:15.790" Title="Interpretation and usage of негоже" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12935" CreationDate="2016-07-30T14:43:45.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literary and rather archaic. From &quot;не годится&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6807" LastEditorUserId="6807" LastEditDate="2016-07-31T21:23:16.533" LastActivityDate="2016-07-31T21:23:16.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12935" CreationDate="2016-07-30T15:19:47.343" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Негоже&lt;/strong&gt; replaces the phrase &lt;em&gt;(это) никуда не годится&lt;/em&gt; and means '&lt;strong&gt;it's not the thing to do&lt;/strong&gt;'. Works as a predicative adverb here. It is an outdated, bookish word but sometimes it is used for sounding less formal - instead of words like &lt;em&gt;неприемлемо&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;недопустимо&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-07-30T16:59:07.840" LastActivityDate="2016-07-30T16:59:07.840" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12935" CreationDate="2016-07-30T15:53:25.340" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Негоже&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (from &quot;негожий&quot; / &quot;негодный&quot; / &quot;unfit&quot; / &quot;useless&quot;) means &quot;не следует&quot; (ought not), i.e. a very strong &quot;advice&quot; not to do something. It is typically used as a predicative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's colloquial but rather obsolete. Most often such words are to be found in a book within character's direct speech. But I wouldn't say it's archaic, as it's still spoken from time to time (just as many other &quot;old&quot; words in Russian language), sometimes also idiomatic, e.g.: &quot;возьми, убоже, что нам негоже&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'm having a hard time finding any concrete information&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suggest you use &lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/mas/mas-abc/default.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this dictionary&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-07-31T23:35:15.790" LastActivityDate="2016-07-31T23:35:15.790" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12939" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12944" CreationDate="2016-07-31T22:21:47.850" Score="2" ViewCount="344" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это религиозный гимн середины 19-го века. Как бы вы перевели название, чтобы передать стлилистику?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abide_with_Me&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abide_with_Me&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update: чтобы был сразу понятен стиль и контекст, вот две заключительные строки:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Heaven's morning breaks, and earth's vain shadows flee;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In life, in death, O Lord, abide with me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3887" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T13:45:10.113" Title="Как лучше перевести название гимна &quot;Abide with Me&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-08-01T19:18:53.690" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12940" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12954" CreationDate="2016-08-01T02:57:49.573" Score="2" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is тоже usually placed before or after the word to which it is referring?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-08-02T21:38:39.563" LastActivityDate="2016-08-02T21:38:39.563" Title="Placement of &quot;тоже&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12939" CreationDate="2016-08-01T03:39:20.787" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe &quot;Пребудь со мной&quot; is the standard translation. It means basically the same as &quot;оставайся со мной&quot;, but has some poetic flavour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T03:39:20.787" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12940" CreationDate="2016-08-01T03:54:52.570" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like many thing Russian, either, but the 'norm' is (usually) before:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эта тарелка тоже красива. (&amp;quot;...also beautiful.&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эта тарелка красива тоже. (&amp;quot;...beautiful as well.&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter is perfectly OK (if slightly less usual), but here &amp;quot;тоже&amp;quot; relates to the whole sentence (pretty much like in English).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Things may get somewhat complicated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я тоже хочу спать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it &amp;quot;me, too&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;want, too&amp;quot;? Well, the meaning is not that much different, but when the difference is important, it is usually handled by intonation in speech. Intonation can be hugely important in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T03:54:52.570" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12939" CreationDate="2016-08-01T04:05:59.590" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Хотя мне понравилось &quot;пребудь&quot;, я бы сказала &quot;не покидай меня&quot;. Звучит не так архаично.&#xA;Как в выражении &quot;&lt;strong&gt;не оставь меня, Господи&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (своими молитвами)&#xA;Вообще, отрицательная повелительная форма смотрится и звучит мягче в обращении к Богу, нежели &quot;пребудь&quot;,&quot;останься&quot;. Впрочем,перевод всегда субъективен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-08-01T13:45:10.113" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T13:45:10.113" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12939" CreationDate="2016-08-01T06:00:08.390" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Во-первых, название обычно не переводят отдельно от текста. Поэтому, как в русском (поэтическом!) тексте будет звучать &quot;abide&quot;, таким оно должно быть и в названии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Во-вторых, это отсылка к библии. Поэтому имеет смысл обратиться к её русским переводам. Однако тут есть проблемка: выходит либо &quot;&lt;strong&gt;облязи со мной&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, либо &quot;&lt;strong&gt;останься со мной&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. При этом вряд ли одно или другое будет употребимо в поэтическом переводе (см. п. 1).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Итого мы имеем: полный поэтический перевод проще сделать на &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Пребудь со мной&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, хотя это будет не совсем верно, но если речь идет просто о названии, лучше все же держаться синодального перевода: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Останься со мной&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T06:00:08.390" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12945" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-01T10:16:37.340" Score="3" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would you be so kind to explain what the rule of capitalizing the above mentioned words is? What I am sure of is the fact that in exclamations like боже мой, о,господи we don't capitalize such words, but I am not quite sure if we always capitalize them in prayers or other situations connected with religion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditDate="2017-11-22T12:18:55.333" LastActivityDate="2017-11-22T12:18:55.333" Title="Capitalization of *бог, боже, господь, господи*" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2016-08-01T12:58:57.577" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12945" CreationDate="2016-08-01T10:59:28.660" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say that you capitalize these words when you actually mean The God (of one of three religions: Christianity, Judaism or Islam, though not sure about the latter), so in prayers – definitely capitalized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In expressions like &quot;о боже мой&quot;, you don't usually mean mentioning The God, thus no capitalization.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are somewhat tricky cases like &quot;бог простит&quot;, &quot;я верю в бога&quot;, etc. The capitalization is up to you, as you might actually mean The God, or just appeal to any god or whatever force there is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you talk about any gods from a polytheistic religion, the word бог is never capitalized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some extremely religious people who would capitalize these words (or even omit &quot;о&quot; in &quot;Бог&quot;) no matter what, but it is usually considered weird and wrong. E.g. &quot;Б-г мой, смотри какая шляпка&quot; or &quot;О Боже мой, я ужасно опаздываю&quot;. I think even non-native can see how ridiculous this looks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T10:59:28.660" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12948" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12950" CreationDate="2016-08-01T14:36:30.450" Score="8" ViewCount="591" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm confused with the pronunciation of &quot;воины&quot; (&quot;warriors&quot;). To my knowledge, &quot;воины&quot; should be pronounced as &lt;code&gt;[ˈvo̞ɪnɨ]&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I've heard native speakers pronounce it as &lt;code&gt;[ˈvo̞jnɨ̞]&lt;/code&gt; (with the &quot;й&quot; sound), which sounds like the word &quot;войны&quot; (means &quot;wars&quot;). That might be the reason why people confuse these two words, even being native speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can hear an example in the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://music.yandex.ru/album/63048/track/590413&quot;&gt;В Багдаде всё спокойно&lt;/a&gt;&quot; song by &quot;Кар-мэн&quot; (popular Russian nineties music):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В Багдаде всё спокойно, в Багдаде всё спокойно&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И спят седые &lt;em&gt;воины&lt;/em&gt; на золотых коврах&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Writing &quot;войны&quot; instead of &quot;воины&quot; is illiterate, but what with the pronunciation? Is it acceptable to pronounce &quot;й&quot; in this word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3503" LastEditorUserId="3503" LastEditDate="2016-08-01T14:51:50.250" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T15:17:07.570" Title="The pronunciation of &quot;воины&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12948" CreationDate="2016-08-01T14:58:20.773" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Кар-мэн&quot; sings &quot;воины&quot; with short [ɪ]. Aurally for me it slightly different from [j] and I think that pronouncing of [j] in this word will be not acceptable because [jn] sounds much stronger than [ɪ]. It seems that pronouncing of short [je] is much more appropriate in this word (as if it be written as &quot;воены&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6602" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T14:58:20.773" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12948" CreationDate="2016-08-01T15:17:07.570" Score="9" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;However, I've heard native speakers pronounce it as [ˈvo̞jnɨ̞]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Live speech isn't 100% bookish right thing. Yet I believe you're wrong for the most part: there's also a &quot;shorter version&quot; of [ɪ] which is still different from [j].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You can hear an example in the &quot;В Багдаде всё спокойно&quot; song by &quot;Кар-мэн&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh, well, pop music is a bad language teacher. Actually, I always wondered how they had misspelt this word so miserably. I never heard anyone else saying this way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it acceptable to pronounce &quot;й&quot; in this word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T15:17:07.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12920" CreationDate="2016-08-01T17:22:26.680" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Бегать is a continuous action (to jog in the morning every day), while бежать is a momentary (to run).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For instance, if want to say &quot;I enjoy running&quot; should I say &quot;Мне нравится бегать&quot; or &quot;Мне нравится бежать&quot;? Or does it sound more natural to just say &quot;Я интересуюсь бегом&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мне нравится бегать&quot; would be used no matter if you enjoy jogging or you just have a crush on moving fast, depending on context.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;Мне нравится бежать&quot; sounds strange as is, yet &quot;мне нравится бежать рядом с тобой&quot; means that speaker enjoys the current moment.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;Я интересуюсь бегом&quot; in a proper context would be &quot;(I'm up to choose how to fill my time and) I approve jogging as an option&quot;. Otherwise it sounds strange.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;Я заинтересовался бегом&quot; is &quot;(I'm up to choose how to fill my time and) I've got interested in jogging&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2271" LastEditorUserId="2271" LastEditDate="2016-08-01T17:48:15.827" LastActivityDate="2016-08-01T17:48:15.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12940" CreationDate="2016-08-02T21:29:53.207" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indeed word &quot;тоже&quot; &lt;em&gt;generally&lt;/em&gt; can be placed before or after the word it refers to. However this might depend on meaning of the word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;has 2 meanings&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr/&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ТОЖЕ. I. наречие&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Равным образом, в равной мере; также.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Он устал, я тоже (устал).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Одежда грязная, обувь тоже (грязная).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я перестал спрашивать, все тоже приумолкли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Тоже&quot; should be generally used &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; substantive and &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; the verb.&#xA;Although you can move &quot;тоже&quot; before or after the verb just fine:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он устал, я тоже устал &lt;strong&gt;or&lt;/strong&gt; Он устал, я устал тоже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However &quot;тоже&quot; before substantive would be &lt;em&gt;not good&lt;/em&gt;, athough probably acceptable (it was told somewhat like this before):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он устал, &lt;strong&gt;тоже&lt;/strong&gt; я устал.  &lt;em&gt;(it is not generally used like that)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   Одежда грязная, &lt;strong&gt;тоже&lt;/strong&gt; обувь грязная.  &lt;em&gt;(the same)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr/&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ТОЖЕ. II. частица&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;em&gt;(усилительное) Разговорное. Выражает неодобрение по адресу кого-либо, сомнение относительно чьего-либо права называться как-либо, быть кем-либо, делать что-либо.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Тоже, судьи нашлись!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Тоже мне, умник нашёлся!  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most used way would be before the word it refers to. Although you can find nearly any variant. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Примерно, ежели бы у тебя был брат или, скажем, друг, который, значит, с самого сыздетства. [...] То за сколько бы ты его примерно продал?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -Приравнял &lt;strong&gt;тоже&lt;/strong&gt;!..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Говорю, луну он ни разу с неба не захотел?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   -Ну вот... &lt;strong&gt;тоже&lt;/strong&gt; скажешь — луну!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;A.И. Куприн. &quot;Белый пудель&quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is colloquial usage, however it can be met quite often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;In general, you can place it either before or after, however keep in mind that depending on the sentence it could start looking really weird and probably impossible to understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1674" LastActivityDate="2016-08-02T21:29:53.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12955" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12956" CreationDate="2016-08-03T01:07:05.137" Score="7" ViewCount="268" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you express the phrase &quot;was going to&quot; as in &quot;I forget what I was going to say&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-08-06T17:02:30.120" Title="&quot;Was going to&quot; translation" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12955" CreationDate="2016-08-03T03:13:41.310" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;A usual interpretation  is &lt;strong&gt;собирался&lt;/strong&gt; (to do something ).But we also use &lt;strong&gt;хотел&lt;/strong&gt; in this case meaning intention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I forget what I was going to say--Я забываю,что собирался (хотел) сказать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since &lt;em&gt;forget&lt;/em&gt; is often used instead of &lt;em&gt;forgot&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;have forgotten&lt;/em&gt;(though some people consider it incorrect) we'd better say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;забыл&lt;/strong&gt;, что хотел сказать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-08-06T17:02:30.120" LastActivityDate="2016-08-06T17:02:30.120" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12957" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-03T11:39:51.850" Score="4" ViewCount="425" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dictionary states that &lt;strong&gt;отвести&lt;/strong&gt; means to &lt;em&gt;take someone somewhere&lt;/em&gt;, however most of the instances of this action that I have found on online resources use &lt;strong&gt;вести&lt;/strong&gt;: Ты меня больше никуда не водишь. &lt;em&gt;You never take me anywhere anymore&lt;/em&gt;. -or- &lt;strong&gt;брать&lt;/strong&gt;: Ты меня никогда не берёшь к ней. &lt;em&gt;You never take me to see her&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in what contexts is отвести used with this meaning? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-08-31T12:24:13.120" Title="What is the usage of отвести?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12957" CreationDate="2016-08-03T12:06:05.070" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отвести&lt;/em&gt; is used when you're taking someone who's cooperating with you in this effort, but you are not really concerning their will. This can be a child, an animal, a person who cannot take care of themselves, a prisoner etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Восхвалите девочку, отведите её в наш храм, посадите её на трон первого жреца, зажгите перед ней благовонные курева и служите в честь её, в честь вестницы правды!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Король обратился к матери и тайно отвёл её в комнату, которую запер за собою.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;На четвёртые сутки нас, слава богу, взяли в плен и отвели в крепость.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Потом отвел Машу обратно в палату, посадил на кровать и вышел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-08-03T12:06:05.070" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12959" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12957" CreationDate="2016-08-03T12:43:00.097" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;(typical meanings concerning people)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;отвести ребёнка в школу &#xA;  (to take one's kid to school, going on foot)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;отвести кого-то (куда-то, к кому-то), помогая найти дорогу (e. g. в&#xA;  учреждении)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  to see somebody to an office at an enterprise in order to&#xA;  show the way or to help to meet smb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;отвести заключённого в камеру (to convoy a prisoner to the cell)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;отвести кандидатуру на выборах, в суде (to get smb. banned from&#xA;  participation in some official event like elections, trial etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-08-03T12:43:00.097" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12957" CreationDate="2016-08-03T15:12:18.963" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to other answers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruscorpora.ru gives a &lt;a href=&quot;http://search2.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%EE%F2%E2%E5%E4%E8%F2%E5%20%EC%E5%ED%FF&amp;amp;p=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;bunch of examples&lt;/a&gt; when person asks others to &quot;отвести меня&quot;, usually because the person is ill, or exhausted, etc.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I won't dance any more&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;― Немножко, ― прошептала Фро. ― Отведите меня к двери. Я больше не буду танцевать. [А. П. Платонов. Фро (1936)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I'm very tired&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пожалуйста, поскорей отведите меня куда надо: я очень устал. [Е. И. Замятин. Островитяне (1917)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Take me by the arm&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отведите меня, Гриневич. Возьмите меня под руку… ну, крепче держите… вот так. [Л. Н. Андреев. Gaudeamus. Комедия в четырех действиях (1910)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Blind woman asks Lea to help her get home:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Слепая, жен, 25] Леа, будьте так добры, отведите меня домой. [Д. Я. Айзман. Терновый куст (1907)] - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I will try to sit on a horse&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;― Я сяду кой-как на лошадь, отведите меня шагом за последнюю линию нашей армии; бог наградит ваше человеколюбие». [Н. А. Дурова. Кавалерист-девица (1835)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-08-03T15:18:48.870" LastActivityDate="2016-08-03T15:18:48.870" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12957" CreationDate="2016-08-03T15:33:11.627" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;отвести&quot; has quite a lot of meanings, which generally can be described as &quot;take away&quot; (in all meanings). Note that not all its cases fall under this definiton.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Отвести, кого / что.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ведя, сопровождая, доставить куда-либо / Lead someone somewhere&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отвести&lt;/em&gt; гостя в комнату.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Отвёл&lt;/em&gt; приятеля в сторону.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Полк &lt;em&gt;отведён&lt;/em&gt; в тыл. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Отвести, что / чем.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Отстранить, отодвинуть какую-либо преграду, что-либо мешающее, заслоняющее / Move away a barrier, something interferring, disturbing&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отвести&lt;/em&gt; прядь волос рукой.  &lt;em&gt;(Move one's hair aside, to not block one's vision)&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Отвести, что&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Изменить расположение или направление движения кого-, чего-либо; заставить переместиться, отодвинуться / Change the position of something; move something away&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отвести&lt;/em&gt; глаза, взгляд, взор.  &lt;em&gt;(Look away)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Отвести&lt;/em&gt; руку, локоть, голову в сторону.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4. Отвести, кого / что (от чего).&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Отвлечь, отдалить от чего-либо, не допустить до чего-либо / avert something, do not allow something to happen&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отвести&lt;/em&gt; разговор от деталей.  &lt;em&gt;(Prevent some details from being said in conversation, probably by distracting, changing topic)&lt;/em&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5. Отвести, что. Разговорное&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Предотвратить что-либо, предохранить от чего-либо / Prevent something&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отвести&lt;/em&gt; чёрные мысли.  &lt;em&gt;(Prevent bad thoughts)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Отвести&lt;/em&gt; беду, угрозу.  &lt;em&gt;(Prevent misfortune, trouble)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6. Отвести, кого / что (от кого).&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Отклонить, отвергнуть, не принять. / Reject, not accept something&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отвести&lt;/em&gt; от себя, от друга подозрения, обвинения. &lt;em&gt;(Divert suspicion from oneself, from a friend)&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Отвести&lt;/em&gt; чью-л. кандидатуру.  &lt;em&gt;(Make someone's candidature be banned, rejected from participating)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;7. Отвести, что (кому).&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Назначить, предоставить в пользование, в распоряжение, предназначить для чего-л. / Appoint, provide for, make avaliable&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отвести&lt;/em&gt; участок под сад, под огороды, под пастбище.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Meanings of the word &quot;отвести&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1674" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-08-03T15:50:37.937" LastActivityDate="2016-08-03T15:50:37.937" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12962" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12963" CreationDate="2016-08-03T19:17:23.090" Score="5" ViewCount="470" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference in meaning between these two expressions? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-08-03T22:21:57.370" LastActivityDate="2016-08-03T22:21:57.370" Title="Не отвести глаз или не свести глаз?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12962" CreationDate="2016-08-03T19:53:22.373" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first one, “отвести глаз”, has only one meaning: to look away, like in “She is so beautiful, I cannot look away from her”. Is may be used in a general description:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она такая красивая — глаз не отвести.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, “глаз” is plural genitive, not singular nominative, because negation with transitive verbs often requires genitive case, as in French “faire qch” — “ne faire pas &lt;em&gt;de&lt;/em&gt; qch”, with &lt;em&gt;de&lt;/em&gt; implying genitive case).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one can be used in a sentence where you emphasize that looking is an action:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всю лекцию я не сводил с неё глаз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Someone has been actually staring at her incessantly because he was infatuated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, you may put “отвести глаза” in a sentence with an action taking place:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он положил украденные деньги на стол и стыдливо отвёл глаза.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He looked aside because he was ashamed of what he had done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last but not least, simply “свести глаза” also means “свести глаза в кучу”, i.e. cross one’s eyes or impersonate someone with a squint.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чтобы изобразить безумного профессора, он взлохматил волосы и свёл глаза.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum it up, if you mean that one cannot look aside because X is beautiful, use “не отвести глаз от X”. If you intend to say that someone was gazing at X, you say “не сводил глаз с X”. If someone focused his sight on the tip of his nose to look cross-eyed, use “свести глаза”. If someone looked away, say “отвести глаза” or “отвести взгляд”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6515" LastActivityDate="2016-08-03T19:53:22.373" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12962" CreationDate="2016-08-03T19:58:06.847" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both those sentences have several idiomatic meanings (some of them only in negative).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To revert one's eyes (both can be used in negative, only &lt;em&gt;отвести&lt;/em&gt; in affirmative). In negative this means &amp;quot;to watch someone closely, to keep sight on someone&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;― Он мешал и тем, и этим, ― отводя глаза, проговорил Мышкин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;― Примерно столько же, ― ответил Сторожев, не отводя глаз от Даши, которая в это время нагнулась.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;― Приезжает… ― повторила Тамара зло, не сводя глаз с Каландарашвили.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To divert one's attention, to fool (used with dative, only &lt;em&gt;отвести&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Те две капли мёда, которые дольше других отводили мне глаза от жестокой истины ― любовь к семье и к писательству, которые я называл искусством, ― уже не сладки мне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Они, наверно, влюблены друг в друга, хоть и отводят людям глаза, и оттого бедный Николай Сергеич сослан в кабинет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To cross, squint one's eyes, to look at some direction (usually down). Only &lt;em&gt;свести&lt;/em&gt; can be used:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Валюшок очень комично свел глаза к переносице.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Еще до того, как все они уставились на нее, пихая пригожего детину, который, сведя глаза, разбирал у себя на шее какие-то цепочки и шнурки, Софья Андреевна почуяла опасность.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Прислонясь к дереву, я с голосистых певцов невольно свел глаза на самих слушателей-наблюдателей, тот поврежденный класс полу-европейцев, к которому и я принадлежу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не отвести глаз&lt;/em&gt; as an idiomatic predicative adjective, meaning &amp;quot;very pretty&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Валькирия собрала все свои познания и стала просто красоткой, глаз не отвести.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Вроде лишь вчера зарозовелась, а вот уже стоят деревца нарядные, глаз не отвести&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;У нас в механическом при Жердее выбросили четыре «бромлея», этакие грохота, и установили два «краснопролетарца» ― глаз не отвести!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-08-03T19:58:06.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12965" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12967" CreationDate="2016-08-04T12:51:28.580" Score="7" ViewCount="268" Body="&lt;p&gt;As in: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;приношу извинения что &lt;em&gt;морочил голову&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Context: made a booking but plans were cancelled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Checked &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83#.D0.A1.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BC.D1.8B&quot;&gt;ru.wiktionary.org&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://frazbook.ru/2008/12/21/morochit-golovu/&quot;&gt;frazbook.ru&lt;/a&gt; but none of the suggested options sound natural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4438" LastActivityDate="2016-08-10T04:40:42.433" Title="What'd be a formal way to say &quot;морочить голову&quot;?" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;&lt;formality&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12895" CreationDate="2016-08-04T13:49:16.460" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can &lt;a href=&quot;https://superuser.com/questions/177305/using-multiple-keyboards-with-different-keyboard-layouts-in-windows&quot;&gt;add a secondary keyboard layout in Windows&lt;/a&gt; and do the same on your phone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can buy Cyrillic stickers for the keys from eBay (though once you start you get used to the letter positions and won't need them after a while). It takes practice and is difficult at first, но это стоит того.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7169" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-03-20T10:18:35.677" LastActivityDate="2016-08-04T13:49:16.460" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-03-28T22:09:41.450" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12965" CreationDate="2016-08-04T14:20:06.180" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Прошу прощения за доставленные хлопоты, за беспокойство,за то, что отнял у Вас время. Any will do, I think.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-08-04T14:20:06.180" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12965" CreationDate="2016-08-04T21:35:22.167" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) There should definitely be a comma behind &quot;что&quot; that you missed, such as &quot;Извините, что побеспокоил&quot;, to mark another part of the sentence.&#xA;2) The list of possible synonims is very long, too long to be fully listed in here. However, here are some examples (partially already noted by V.V.):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Извините, что (побеспокоил/отнял Ваше время/потревожил)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Извините за (беспокойство/отнятое время/потраченное время)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...and many more! &#xA;Good luck learning that complex language!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2016-08-04T21:35:22.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12920" CreationDate="2016-08-05T10:40:42.857" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say, use &quot;бежать&quot; whenever you would use continuos tense in English. I would translate it as &quot;to be running&quot;. Otherwise use &quot;бегать&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2016-08-05T10:40:42.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12955" CreationDate="2016-08-05T11:20:02.343" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depending on style, you can use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Собираться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Хотеть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Намереваться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Думать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Замышлять&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Планировать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Задумывать &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вознамериваться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...and many more! I assume you are already familiar with putting those verbs in a needed form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2016-08-05T11:20:02.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12971" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-06T02:44:53.480" Score="9" ViewCount="226" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see both forms being mentioned as perfective forms of кушать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7625" LastActivityDate="2016-08-07T08:12:35.587" Title="What is the difference between the perfective forms скушать and покушать" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12972" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12971" CreationDate="2016-08-06T04:12:54.510" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Покушать&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;поесть&lt;/em&gt;) means to have eaten some unspecified portion of meal, while &lt;em&gt;скушать&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;съесть&lt;/em&gt;) is for finishing a whole thing (meal or just dish). A pair of examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы хотите есть? -- Нет, спасибо. Я уже покушал. (i.e. I have eaten [something] already.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  А где мороженое? -- Я его уже скушал. (I ate it already)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Он съел свой обед (He has eaten/finished his lunch)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Попейте молока. Покушайте вот хлебца (Take some milk, eat some bread)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that in Russian they more often use the verb form for &quot;having a meal&quot;, e.g.: &quot;(по)завтракать / (по)обедать / (по)ужинать&quot; (to breakfast / to dine / to supper) vs. &quot;съесть завтрак / обед / ужин&quot; (to have breakfast / dinner / supper). Although in this context &quot;съесть&quot; doesn't necessarily imply eating meal a whole, yet it is less popular in speech and sounds a little bookish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-08-07T08:12:35.587" LastActivityDate="2016-08-07T08:12:35.587" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12973" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12974" CreationDate="2016-08-06T22:10:52.907" Score="5" ViewCount="521" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often see the word &quot;чего&quot; in places that don't make sense. For example, &quot;Пётр снисходительно пожал плечами: чего, мол, морочить голову&quot;. Now, чего means &quot;that&quot; or &quot;what&quot;, if I'm correct. But it also seems to have a lot of different uses, like in the sentence above. Could you please explain why &quot;чего&quot; was used in the above sentence and also provide some examples of &quot;чего&quot; in places that don't translate to &quot;that&quot; or &quot;what&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4925" LastActivityDate="2016-08-07T03:47:10.637" Title="Чего: Usage and Meanings" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12973" CreationDate="2016-08-07T03:47:10.637" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems you are aware of the main and most frequent usage of чего meaning что (colloquial). That's not the case with your sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чего морочить голову?(What for, why)--Why should you worry about it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another frequent usage is an adverb meaning &lt;strong&gt;what for&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;why&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ЧЕГО́ &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чего я туда пойду? Чего с ним разговаривать? (т. е. незачем).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why,what's the reason&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чего остановились? Чего загрустил?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An idiom&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• Чего там!-- неважно, не стоит обращать внимания(Don't pay any attention.It's not that important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не расстраивайся, чего там!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mind you,we don't consider чего meaning что.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-08-07T03:47:10.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9141" CreationDate="2016-08-07T09:04:27.953" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, &quot;чего?&quot; is a rather rude form of answering. The speaker sounds rude or just uneducated. An educated person would say &quot;Что?&quot; or, if she\he wants to sound really polite: &quot;Что, простите?&quot; or &quot;Извините, что вы сказали?&quot;&#xA;&quot;Чего?&quot; also could mean &quot;What do you want?&quot; (again, it sounds rude. The polite form would be longer: &quot;Чего вы хотите?&quot; or, to sound really polite, &quot;Чем я могу вам помочь?&quot;. &#xA;And the third meaning is expressing disbelief and\or outrage. Sometimes it is written as Чего-о?. –&quot;Чего-о? – Ден оторвался от оптики, с недоумением зыркнул на командира.  – Ты серьезно?&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7629" LastActivityDate="2016-08-07T09:04:27.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12976" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12978" CreationDate="2016-08-07T13:23:28.400" Score="6" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;So we can use either Genitive or чем when making comparisons. My question is, when should I prefer one over the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я круче его. &#xA;Я круче, чем он. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я знаю это лучше тебя.&#xA;Я знаю это лучше, чем ты. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она красивее той девушкой.&#xA;Она более Красивая, чем та девушка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are some general rules?)) Or your opinions? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2016-08-07T14:53:50.073" LastActivityDate="2016-10-03T20:48:20.603" Title="When to use Genitive in comparatives?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12976" CreationDate="2016-08-07T13:41:19.410" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no rule and no difference. You can use both as you like. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-08-07T13:41:19.410" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12976" CreationDate="2016-08-07T18:32:11.117" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;A comparison can be expressed either with genitive case, or with the conjunction чем  meaning &quot;than&quot; with no difference in meaning :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сестра красивее брата. Сестра красивее, чем брат.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In spoken Russian I prefer a short form when possible, but both are widely used.I said &quot;when possible&quot; because if I use менее +adjective, I say чем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the &lt;strong&gt;compound&lt;/strong&gt; form (более,менее + adjective), the variant with &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt;  should be used, you can't use genitive in this case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они – двойняшки, но сестра более активная, &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt; брат.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The construction with &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt; should be used with parts of speech which are &lt;strong&gt;not declined&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;with prepositions&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сегодня день теплее, &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt; вчера.&#xA;  Мороженое с клубникой вкуснее, &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt; с вишней.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-08-08T06:14:03.367" LastActivityDate="2016-08-08T06:14:03.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12627" CreationDate="2016-08-08T13:04:21.267" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если мы посмотрим на этот же глагол в сербском языке, то увидим.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Инфинитив &quot;ићи&quot; (ћ - сербская мягкая &quot;ч&quot;, как в словах &quot;ночь&quot; - &quot;ноћ&quot;, &quot;печь&quot; - &quot;пећ&quot;  и т.д.); в настоящем времени &quot;ћ&quot; чередуется с &quot;д&quot; - &quot;ми идемо&quot;; в прошедшем времени &quot;ћ&quot; чередуется с &quot;ш&quot; - &quot;ми смо ишли&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть спряжение практически регулярно за исключением чередования &quot;ћ-д-ш&quot;. Так что можно предположить, что и русское &quot;шёл&quot; / &quot;шли&quot; получилось чередованием &quot;д&quot;-&quot;ш&quot; и усечением начального &quot;и&quot; - &quot;ишёл&quot; / &quot;ишла&quot; / &quot;ишло&quot; / &quot;ишли&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-08-08T13:04:21.267" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12980" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12981" CreationDate="2016-08-08T14:36:53.807" Score="3" ViewCount="134" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is apparent that вы is used with the plural ending in past tense verbs regardless of whether or not it is plural in context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the same hold true for short adjectives (but not long ones)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-08-08T14:55:51.763" Title="Вы used with plural verbs and adjectives" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12980" CreationDate="2016-08-08T14:55:51.763" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it does:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы проницательны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-08-08T14:55:51.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12982" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12985" CreationDate="2016-08-08T18:02:21.803" Score="8" ViewCount="1401" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как пишется &quot;О/одиссеева Итака&quot;: с прописной или строчной &quot;О&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastActivityDate="2016-08-09T01:03:31.487" Title="С прописной или строчной буквы пишется &quot;О/одиссеева Итака&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамотность&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12983" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12984" CreationDate="2016-08-08T20:12:11.183" Score="13" ViewCount="4422" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему зовут символ @ &quot;собака&quot;?  Why is the @-symbol called &quot;dog&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I saw this translation on the Babbel website. Most of the Russian terms regarding computer technology seem to be either direct loanwords or calques from English, but I have absolutely no insight regarding why @ would be called &quot;собака&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a historical reason for this perhaps?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2016-08-08T20:52:17.003" Title="Почему зовут символ @ &quot;собака&quot;? Why is the @-symbol called &quot;dog&quot;?" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12983" CreationDate="2016-08-08T20:52:17.003" Score="10" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Одна из версий происхождения названия «собака»: на алфавитно-цифровых&#xA;  мониторах персональных компьютеров серии ДВК (1980-е годы) «хвостик»&#xA;  рисуемого на экране изображения этого символа был очень коротким,&#xA;  что придавало ему сходство со схематически нарисованной собачкой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/@&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/@&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Забавно, что, например, в датском этот символ называется snabel a. Snabel – большой нос или хобот.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5132" LastActivityDate="2016-08-08T20:52:17.003" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12985" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12982" CreationDate="2016-08-09T01:03:31.487" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lingvanotes.blogspot.com.au/2012/12/blog-post.html&quot;&gt;С прописной&lt;/a&gt;. Но надо сказать, что правило на этот счет не самое очевидное, и вопрос очень правомерен. Многие подобные прилагательные, образованные от имен, (и даже сами имена: &quot;современные онегины&quot;) должны писаться со строчной буквы, тогда как в английском они почти всегда пишутся с прописной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2016-08-09T01:03:31.487" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12965" CreationDate="2016-08-10T04:40:42.433" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Извините, что я вас напрасно обнадежил (обнадежила, if the speaker is female)&quot; - это самое близкое по смыслу в данном случае. &#xA;Но &quot;извините, что отнял (отняла) у вас время&quot; - самый стандартный вариант, вас сразу поймут. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7629" LastActivityDate="2016-08-10T04:40:42.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12987" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12988" CreationDate="2016-08-11T10:48:27.553" Score="2" ViewCount="2600" Body="&lt;p&gt;When i saw a dictionary that contains almost three million words &lt;a href=&quot;http://biggdictionary.com/?en#.V6ckoAerD-h.facebook&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Bigg English-Russian Dictionary&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Make me wonder to really know how many words are there in Russian language !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the largest dictionary in the world ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;did you know any research on Russian words estimation ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3504" LastActivityDate="2019-12-20T22:18:43.273" Title="almost how many words are there in Russian language?" Tags="&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12987" CreationDate="2016-08-11T12:35:59.887" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, &quot;three million entries&quot; sounds a bit unbelievable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian has ~200K words according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Dal's dictionary&lt;/a&gt; (published in 1862, so &lt;em&gt;quite&lt;/em&gt; obsolete); more modern dictionary, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;Словарь современного русского литературного языка&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, is supposed to have ~150K entries, but it hasn't been fully published yet.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;English &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/how-many-words-are-there-in-the-english-language&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;is estimated&lt;/a&gt; to have ~170K words in current usage, and ~600K words including obsolete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see the comparison of language sizes here: &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lingholic.com/how-many-words-do-i-need-to-know-the-955-rule-in-language-learning-part-2/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.lingholic.com/how-many-words-do-i-need-to-know-the-955-rule-in-language-learning-part-2/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;None of the compared languages has more than 500K words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user5462" LastActivityDate="2016-08-11T12:35:59.887" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12989" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-11T15:51:50.460" Score="4" ViewCount="1604" Body="&lt;p&gt;The history of a country probably heavily affects the language, therefore I would presume that some concepts in the russian language might differ from their counterparts in languages from western, capitalist countries due to the rule of the communist party during the soviet union and the different meaning of property, work, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you know any concrete examples of such interesting differences? Or am I completely wrong about something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7641" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T21:01:16.407" Title="What are the lasting effects of communism on the russian language?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-08-15T22:08:17.527" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12989" CreationDate="2016-08-11T20:42:55.883" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're asking for something that, how should I put it, can be found but one's got to really look for it. Much more prominent are the &quot;longitudinal&quot; differences in the Russian language pre-, during, and post-Communism — but even that's more to do with linguistic form than meaning. As for &quot;the different meaning of property, work, etc.&quot;, this is the part where a lot of people amuse themselves by mining everyday language for deeper cultural significance that is, frankly, not there most of the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-08-11T20:42:55.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12992" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-12T05:29:37.983" Score="7" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;p&gt;The adjective &lt;strong&gt;Христов&lt;/strong&gt; looks quite unique to a learner such as myself. I can't think of any others that look like it; meaning it lacks the characteristic -ый/ий/ой endings (and their inflected forms) I'm used to. It also seems to follow the declension pattern of a noun (or more specifically, male surnames, where the instrumental and all the plural forms are inflected like adjectives). I'd like to know why this is. Is it a grammatical holdover from Old Church Slavonic or Old East Slavic? If so, how did it come about, morphologically speaking? I'm only familiar with -ов in modern Russian, where it is an ending for plural nouns or singular male surnames. How was Христов formed from whatever the noun form of &quot;Christ&quot; was at the time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7561" LastActivityDate="2016-08-21T16:32:49.950" Title="Regarding the adjective &quot;Христов&quot;" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12992" CreationDate="2016-08-12T06:49:55.490" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I can't think of any others that look like it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tons. Отцов, дедов, братов etc.etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'm only familiar with -ов in modern Russian, where it is an ending for plural nouns or singular male surnames&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually it's surnames which are produced from possessive forms, i.e. &lt;em&gt;Петров&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;Peter's [son]&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I was also surprised not to see &quot;Христоса,&quot; the genitive of Христос, used instead&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Genitive of &lt;em&gt;Христос&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;Христа&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is the -ов we see in possessive adjectives the same -ов we see in the inflectional ending for masculine nouns in the genitive plural today? Or is it etymologically unrelated?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are different and do not always coincide. For example, &lt;em&gt;братов&lt;/em&gt; (possessive) vs. &lt;em&gt;братьев&lt;/em&gt; (gen. pl.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I would have thought Петра would be &quot;Peter's,&quot; whereas Петров would be &quot;Peters'&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Петров = &quot;Peter's&quot; or &quot;of Peters&quot;; Петра = &quot;of Peter&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it still a productive ending today&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, but it applies only to animate nouns, just like &quot;'s&quot; in English. Also Genitive is definitely more popular nowadays, which is especially true for &quot;modern&quot; words. So making possessive of such words is somewhere between &quot;not recommended&quot; and &quot;wrong&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-08-12T09:24:39.060" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T09:24:39.060" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12989" CreationDate="2016-08-12T08:05:10.183" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, the Communist revolution in Russia brought some modernization to the language, many archaic words were dropped and replaced with more bureaucratic, educated or scientifically sounding ones. Later, when Russia returned to Capitalism, some of these changes were reversed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The term for the deputy/vice office holder in pre-revolutionary Russian was &quot;товарищ&quot; &quot;comrade&quot;, so deputy/vice minister would be &quot;товарищ министра&quot; &quot;comrade of the minister&quot;. But under Communist rule the word &quot;товарищ&quot; &quot;comrade&quot; became a common address, so it was replaced with the word &quot;zamestitel&quot;, literally &quot;replacer&quot;. So now the deputy/vice minister is &quot;zamestitel ministra&quot; &quot;replacer of the minister&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The state legislature was called &quot;Государственная Дума&quot;, literally &quot;State Thought&quot;, a term from 15-16th century, a board of boyars. Under Communist rule the word was replaced with &quot;sovet&quot;, literally &quot;council&quot;. Now we again have &quot;State Thought&quot; instead &quot;State Council&quot; which sounds weird for me.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The word for the head of a city was &quot;голова&quot;, literally &quot;head&quot;, but since it is native Russian word rather than borrowed from Church Slavonic &quot;глава&quot;, it sounds very uneducated/low class. The word глава is still used but means a generic &quot;head&quot; of any entity. The Communists replaced this uneducated-sounding word with something very complicated &quot;Predsedatel ispolnitelnogo komiteta gorodskogo soveta narodnykh deputatov&quot; which translates &quot;President/chairman of the executive committee of the city council of the people's deputies&quot;. Even with all contractions the title would be &quot;Prededatel ispolkoma gorsoveta&quot;. Now the heads of most cities called with a newly borrowed word &quot;Мэр&quot; &quot;Mayor&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Before the revolution there was an institution similar to court bailiffs. They were called with the word &quot;pristav&quot;, literally &quot;near-stand&quot;. They enforced discipline during court proceedings, executed court decisions and even enforced discipline in the legislature. Under the USSR, the regular police enforced discipline in courts, while those executing court decisions were called &quot;sudebniy ispolnitel&quot;, literally &quot;court executioner&quot;. Now the word &quot;pristav&quot; has been returned, but sounds very archaic: I imagine a fat man with long 19th century style mustache when I hear it. It is the official term now.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;uprava&quot; for the ruling body of police departments and far-right paramilitary parties such as &quot;Black Hundreds&quot; completely went out of use under USSR except in the idiom &quot;нет на него управы&quot; which meant &quot;there is no uprava to deal with him&quot;. So the word meant some aggressive or threatening thing that can take measures against violators. Under the USSR they extensively used the word &quot;upravlenie&quot; instead, often translated as &quot;directorate&quot;, in both state and economic contexts, which sounds much more educated and much less aggressive. Now the word &quot;uprava&quot; has been returned as a ruling body on low municipal level and as governing body of far-right parties such as the Movement Against Illegal Immigration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There were some changes that existed in early years of the Communist rule but were later reversed still under Communists. For instance, the soldiers were renamed fighters, the officers to commanders, the ministers to people's commissars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="4753" LastEditDate="2016-08-26T21:01:16.407" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T21:01:16.407" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12992" CreationDate="2016-08-12T08:55:28.467" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian we have got possessive adjectives, which mean belonging to a person or an animal (singular ):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мамина сумка, отцовы кроссовки, кошачьи следы, нянькины сказки, кровь Христова братовы  ботинки. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are equal to a noun+noun structure &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;сумка мамы, кроссовки отца, следы кошки, etc.,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but this structure can show belonging to ownership in plural: ботинки братьев.That's why, they say,there's a tendency to use a noun+ noun structure or adjectives ending with -овский,ский more often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The suffix -ов,(-ев) helps to form adjectives from nouns (masculine, ending with hard(soft) consonant &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отец – отцов, брат– братов, Христос – (we remove -ос) Христов, Христова, Христово. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We also remove -ос in declension : &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Христос, Христа,Христу, Христа, Христом, о Христе. (храм Христа Спасителя).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Matt has already mentioned surnames,  which were formed with the same suffixes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-08-12T15:09:23.697" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T15:09:23.697" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12996" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="12997" CreationDate="2016-08-12T13:05:43.920" Score="5" ViewCount="390" Body="&lt;p&gt;When to use &lt;code&gt;ещё&lt;/code&gt; and when to use &lt;code&gt;пока&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;С утра пока темно.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;С утра ещё темно.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference in the meaning in these  examples?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As @Alex.S said, there is also one other variant: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;С утра пока ещё темно&lt;/code&gt;. So, what are the differences in the meaning if they exist? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5919" LastEditorUserId="5919" LastEditDate="2016-08-12T13:51:54.760" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T16:56:18.143" Title="Using ещё and пока" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12996" CreationDate="2016-08-12T13:51:06.347" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first sounds like an unfinished sentence, like a clause because пока in your sentence means &lt;strong&gt;while&lt;/strong&gt;.In the morning while it's dark or while it's still dark...(С утра пока темно...or С утра, пока еще темно,я готовлю завтрак).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second is OK.In the morning it's still dark. It sounds like a background for a story.&#xA;Пока and еще have got several meanings. The main are:&#xA;1.at the moment, now, waiting for some time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пока подожду.&#xA;  Пока мне ста рублей достаточно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 пока еще or пока--still, yet&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пока еще ждем.(we are still waiting).Пока еще не уехали.(we haven't left yet.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.пока--while&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Куй железо, пока горячо.(Make hay while the sun shines)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4пока--until&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сиди здесь, пока не приду.(Stay here till I come).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ЕЩЁ, &#xA;1. (ещё). --again &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ещё раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(ещё) --in addition с предшествующими союзами, и, да.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дайте мне масла, муки и ещё сахару. Он способный, образованный, да ещё добрый.&#xA;  | Он мало способен, да еще ленив.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(еще). already &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дом сгорел еще в прошлом году.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.еще--still&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;. Молод ты еще, чтоб курить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5еще--having enough time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;. Я еще успею на поезд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(ещё) --more при прил. и нареч. сравн.  &#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она стала ещё красивее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-08-12T14:36:36.317" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T14:36:36.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12996" CreationDate="2016-08-12T14:17:05.860" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Roughly, &quot;пока&quot; is closer to &quot;yet&quot;, whereas &quot;ещё&quot; is closer to &quot;still&quot;. &quot;Пока&quot; implies continuation: &lt;code&gt;С утра пока темно[, но скоро будет светлее].&lt;/code&gt; You can even combine these words, to make the opposition even stronger: &lt;code&gt;...пока ещё темно, [но совсем скоро уже будет светло]&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T14:17:05.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="12999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12996" CreationDate="2016-08-12T15:55:54.620" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С утра пока темно. = Not a phrase. As has been mentioned, it looks&#xA;  like &quot;In the morning, while it is still dark...&quot;, requiring a continuation. And a comma before пока.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С утра ещё темно. = In the morning it is still dark. Means, well, it is still too dark in the morning for the proposed activity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С утра пока ещё темно. = It is still dark in the morning in this part of the year/season. Means you need to wait some months for it being not that dark in the morning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-08-12T16:56:18.143" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T16:56:18.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12989" CreationDate="2016-08-12T16:16:07.230" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Nikolay pointed out, one can amuse oneself looking for new meanings of the old words, or new words, or some such, but this is hardly a specific characteristic of the communist-era influence. Any language develops, acquires new words/meanings etc. Yes it can be argued that the Bolshevik revolution forced some of these changes (Anixx mentioned some), but I don't think it's important. I guess, the French revolution brought more changes (in this sense) to the French language than the Russian revolution to the Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be more interesting to consider &lt;em&gt;formal&lt;/em&gt; or conceptual changes in and around the language. They are invariably influenced by the &lt;em&gt;culture&lt;/em&gt;, on which the revolution had a profound impact. I can think of a few.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Love of acronyms and abbreviations&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Нардеп&lt;/code&gt; (народный депутат), &lt;code&gt;Реввоенсовет&lt;/code&gt; (революционный военный совет), &lt;code&gt;Минсредмаш&lt;/code&gt; (министерство среднего машиностроения), &lt;code&gt;ВАЗ/ГАЗ/КамАЗ&lt;/code&gt; (Волжский/Горьковский/Камский автомобильный завод), or just such word contraptions as &lt;code&gt;Востокнефтегазэлектромонтаж&lt;/code&gt;. They were everywhere and were often so integrated that not only they followed normal grammatical rules, but even their derivatives sounded normal (&lt;em&gt;минсредмашевское&lt;/em&gt; заседание, &lt;em&gt;ВАЗовец&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 1920s, it was even common to invent names in a similar manner. &lt;code&gt;Даздраперма&lt;/code&gt; (да здравствует Первое мая, a female name) is a notorious example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;George Orwell spotted this trend perfectly. He notes somewhere in &lt;em&gt;1984&lt;/em&gt;: words like &lt;code&gt;Ingsoc&lt;/code&gt; acquire their own attached meaning, which may end up being substantially different to what it would be if you try to consciously break it into parts. But this is the trick: you never do. Never need to. It doesn't even cross your mind (unless you make an effort) that this is English Socialism (wait, why English? and what exactly is socialism?) Orwell didn't invent the phenomenon (just like most social aspects in &lt;em&gt;1984&lt;/em&gt;); he studied the USSR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Governing body for the language&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Soviets established a body (now called Институт русского языка) that had a mandate to establish definitive rules of the Russian language. It issued the complete 'codex' of the orthographic rules (at the time of collapse of the USSR, the latest one was from 1956!), grammar, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not uncommon; France and Germany have similar bodies. But I'm not aware of a similar establishment in tsarist Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dialects&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Centralisation is a common Russian trait. For the language, it partly relates to the previous point. Not only the formal rules of writing, but even pronunciation was standardised (mostly around the Moscow dialect). Local deviations were often considered 'improper' language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Certainly, radio and TV played their role, and they can hardly be classified as Soviet inventions. Nevertheless, one could rarely be found to be 'proud' of his dialect (the way many Europeans are); it was something to be ashamed of. Someone lucky enough to move to Moscow would strive to learn to speak in a Moscow way, so as not to look provincial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, dialects existed, and professionals studied them. But at school, kids were taught (or supposed to be taught) the 'proper' language across the country. (That said, Russian is remarkably uniform compared to most other European languages).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pronunciation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is somewhat hard to prove as there are no recordings, but I read that in the 19th century it was the norm amongst the educated people to have a rolling R, similar to the French one. This, apparently, had to do with the French, which Russian aristocrats often learned as the &lt;em&gt;first&lt;/em&gt; language. More generally, the French influence was enormous, perhaps greater than the English has now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the revolution, this was all gone rather quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastEditorUserId="7537" LastEditDate="2016-08-16T00:48:50.807" LastActivityDate="2016-08-16T00:48:50.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13001" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13002" CreationDate="2016-08-12T16:37:22.160" Score="3" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a temporal adverb, I've always understood &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt; to mean &lt;em&gt;still&lt;/em&gt;. Therefore I don't understand its function in statements of the type: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Здание, в котором &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ещё&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; вчера находились дети...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-08-12T17:16:59.713" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T19:28:26.927" Title="Use of ещё with time elements" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13001" CreationDate="2016-08-12T17:28:44.173" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Same. In this particular sentence you would translate it ... &lt;strong&gt;only&lt;/strong&gt; yesterday ... , but essentially the meaning is the same: yesterday they were &lt;em&gt;still&lt;/em&gt; there. Although, there is a subtle difference in that it is вчера that is stressed, so &lt;em&gt;only yesterday&lt;/em&gt; is a better fit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastEditorUserId="7537" LastEditDate="2016-08-12T17:35:31.297" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T17:35:31.297" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13001" CreationDate="2016-08-12T18:26:59.570" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;ещё&lt;/em&gt; can be used to emphasize something, so here it's almost the same as &lt;em&gt;только вчера&lt;/em&gt;. You may even skip it without losing sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T18:26:59.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13001" CreationDate="2016-08-12T18:38:28.463" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вчера ещё в глаза глядел,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А нынче - всё косится в сторону!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вчера ещё до птиц сидел, -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Все жаворонки нынче - вороны!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Марина Цветаева.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Only yesterday&lt;/strong&gt; (the meaning is emphatic ( &lt;strong&gt;quite recently&lt;/strong&gt; ) and often opposed to today's &lt;strong&gt;changed&lt;/strong&gt; situation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-08-12T18:44:01.700" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T18:44:01.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13001" CreationDate="2016-08-12T19:28:26.927" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can translate it this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The building where yesterday there were &lt;strong&gt;still&lt;/strong&gt; some kids.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-08-12T19:28:26.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13006" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-13T10:08:34.557" Score="8" ViewCount="1706" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed in more than an occasion that the short form of adjective is used in places where I would use the normal (long) form typically for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was listening to a song in Russian is which the singer says:&#xA;&quot;Моя душа полна тобой&quot; and my question is why he used 'полна' and not 'полная'? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so, what are the rules to when to use a short or long form of adjectives?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5924" LastActivityDate="2016-09-02T13:21:34.263" Title="when to use the short form of an adjective?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13006" CreationDate="2016-08-13T10:45:21.890" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, you use it only after &quot;is&quot;. Of course in Russian there is no &quot;to be&quot; in the present tense, but none the less you can only use short forms (in modern russian) in this position. You can use the long form in this position too but it's meaning can be different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Моя душа (is) полна тобой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Short forms describe things that are true right now, in the present moment. In contrast if we use a long form we need to put some time marker сейчас, сегодня и тд to show that it is not a permanent characteristic of the person. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;он весёлый—he is a happy person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;он весел—he is happy (now/ looks happy) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;он сейчас весёлый—he is happy (now/ looks happy).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without some time reference implied or otherwise the long forms show permanent characteristics. Also remember that adjectives only describe appearances, and adverbs describe true emotions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;он веселый, хотя ему не весело. He looks, seеms happy, but really he isn't. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2016-08-13T10:51:05.327" LastActivityDate="2016-08-13T10:51:05.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6965" CreationDate="2016-08-13T14:25:58.950" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Большой англо-русский политехнический словарь:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(изд. &quot;Русский язык&quot;, Москва, 1991)&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;firmware 1.&lt;/strong&gt; микропрограммное обеспечение, микропрограммы &lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; программы, записанные в ПЗУ &lt;strong&gt;3.&lt;/strong&gt; аппаратно-реализованное программное обеспечение&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7644" LastActivityDate="2016-08-13T14:25:58.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12989" CreationDate="2016-08-15T20:29:47.157" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am surprised nobody has mentioned the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography#The_post-revolution_reform&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;The Russian Orthographic Reform of 1917-1918&lt;/a&gt;. I would argue that this is the most noticeable and lasting influence that socialism has had on the Russian language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as concepts, my favorite example is ипотека, the Russian word for &quot;mortgage&quot;. The word was used in the tsarist Russia, where land-owners could get mortgage their holdings. During the Soviet times, there was simply no such thing as mortgage, so the word virtually disappeared from the language. After the fall of Socialism, and the subsequent privatization of real estate, the word ипотека is back. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2016-08-15T20:29:47.157" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13010" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13013" CreationDate="2016-08-15T22:16:44.353" Score="2" ViewCount="221" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a recent Russian composition, one of my sentences was changed to the following by a native: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну точнее, сначала она хотела, чтобы я &lt;strong&gt;лишь&lt;/strong&gt; заглядывал в её квартиру&#xA;  по вечерам, &lt;strong&gt;дабы&lt;/strong&gt; ее собаки не чувствовали себя в полном одиночестве в ее&#xA;  отсутствие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In her comments, she mentioned that the use of &lt;strong&gt;дабы&lt;/strong&gt; in conjunction with &lt;strong&gt;лишь&lt;/strong&gt; would prepare the listener/reader for the eventual complication to this plan, and would additionally lend the entire sentence an air of irony. I find this intriguing, but need a little more information and examples as to what she means by this. I would appreciate any input.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-08-16T13:13:31.217" Title="Stylistic differences between чтобы and дабы" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13010" CreationDate="2016-08-16T04:05:18.473" Score="2" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Using outdated word -- some people might think it funny&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;avoiding second &quot;чтобы&quot; in the same sentence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But overall it doesn't make much sense for me in this case. You know, stylistics is a thing to be &quot;served&quot; for one's personal taste. Neither &quot;лишь&quot;, nor &quot;дабы&quot; has something humourous by itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/12284/what-are-the-advanced-russian-words-%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B-and-%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B&quot;&gt;What are the advanced Russian words якобы and дабы?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-08-16T04:05:18.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13010" CreationDate="2016-08-16T06:25:59.000" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using archaic words for an everyday context does create an ironic effect, but is rarely met in everyday speech nowadays. It is often used in fiction and newspapers though as a literary device. See the examples from the National Corpus with &lt;strong&gt;дабы&lt;/strong&gt;(meaning &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Другие покупают своему ещё не родившемуся &amp;quot;юному гению&amp;quot; зайцевские таблицы для обучения чтению и письму, дабы не потерять потом ни одного драгоценного дня ― а ну как их малыш окажется в числе &amp;quot;отстающих&amp;quot;, и к трем (!) годам не сможет прочесть &amp;quot;мама мыла раму&amp;quot;. [Мария Давыдова. Кто в доме хозяин? (2003)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В Сибирь приехали учёные люди из Оксфорда, дабы просветить омичей на предмет избавления от мусора. [Омский мусорный абзац (2003)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Автомобиль Панкрашина стоял там, где указал водитель, перед входом в здание клубного типа, где и переговоры удобно проводить, и ресторан есть, дабы заполировать удачную сделку совместной трапезой. [Александра Маринина. Последний рассвет (2013)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Максим заканчивал привилегированные курсы, дабы его новый костюм из “Хэрродз”, супруга и акцент полностью соответствовали тому рафинированному обществу, в которое он так неожиданно попал. [Нина Щербак. Роман с филфаком // «Звезда», 2010]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Лишь&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;только&lt;/strong&gt; and is used to express &amp;quot;limitation &amp;quot; (only we didn't sleep...see the example. )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лишь мы одни бодрствовали в этом мире, непреклонно приближаясь к своей великой цели. [Булат Окуджава. Искусство кройки и житья (1985)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-08-16T07:29:30.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13010" CreationDate="2016-08-16T13:06:02.967" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Frankly the change and its explanation sound a little random to me, especially the &lt;strong&gt;лишь&lt;/strong&gt;. And whatever &quot;air of irony&quot; there is just gets lost in the overall stylistic heaviness of the last clause, which is a little at odds with the lighter and more colloquial tone introduced by &lt;strong&gt;Ну точнее&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's how I would reword, aiming for stylistic cohesion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну точнее, сначала она хотела, чтобы я &lt;strong&gt;просто&lt;/strong&gt; заглядывал &lt;strong&gt;к ней в&lt;/strong&gt; квартиру по вечерам, &lt;strong&gt;а то собакам&lt;/strong&gt; в её отсутствие &lt;strong&gt;будет совсем одиноко&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дабы&lt;/strong&gt;, as others have mentioned, is archaic — or perhaps just very formal; a rough equivalent of &quot;in order that&quot; followed by subjunctive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2016-08-16T13:13:31.217" LastActivityDate="2016-08-16T13:13:31.217" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13014" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13018" CreationDate="2016-08-16T19:41:58.090" Score="8" ViewCount="2777" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;This is not fair!&quot; said the Russian after looking at a map when they realized that they were not at the state fair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't remember precisely how the joke goes, but it goes something like the above. I was thinking that the reason why the joke works is that, in Russian, one can distinguish between nouns and predicative adjectives, even though no articles are used, because the two are declined differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это -- не честнo!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Это -- не ярмарка!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast, when one translates the above two sentences into English, one relies on the presence of an article to tip-off clearly whether the predicate is a noun or a (predicative) adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the fact that both nouns and adjectives are highly declined in Russian, and moreover declined differently from one another, enable Russian speakers to get by without articles?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; Looking at the comments and answers to this question, it appears more likely that Russian does not have articles because of the declension of &lt;em&gt;nouns&lt;/em&gt;. Of course, technically speaking there is no evidence for &quot;why&quot; articles are or aren't in any given language -- the comments however do note an apparent correlation between the declension of nouns and the absence of articles, as well as between undeclined nouns and the presence of articles, in several branches of Indo-European languages. Still, we are talking about a sample size of at most n=4-7, so nothing definitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="7239" LastEditDate="2016-08-25T22:34:30.710" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T14:36:20.023" Title="Does Russian not have articles because of the declension of (predicative) adjectives?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13014" CreationDate="2016-08-17T05:04:36.493" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;My impression is that no language develops articles because it &quot;needs&quot; them. I'd even venture to say that articles start out as glorified filler words, and then gradually &lt;em&gt;become&lt;/em&gt; indispensable as language sheds some of its complexity. Ancient Greek had a definite article despite being extensively inflectional. The Nordic suffixed articles predate the loss of Old Norse declension, although they became much more heavily used afterwards. Chinese, on the other hand, lost all of its declension but never developed articles. And then we have the curious case of modern colloquial Czech, which one might argue has an &lt;em&gt;emerging&lt;/em&gt; definite article, while showing no signs of losing inflexion or even simplifying it (it's about twice as complicated as the Russian one).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T05:04:36.493" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13017" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13014" CreationDate="2016-08-17T09:00:33.060" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is conducted by articles in English is often conducted by word order in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мальчик вошёл в комнату = &lt;strong&gt;The&lt;/strong&gt; boy entered &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; room.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В комнату вошёл мальчик = &lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt; boy entered &lt;strong&gt;the&lt;/strong&gt; room.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, free word order is possible because of declension.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, I often feel that English lacks a would-be-useful article for what is conducted by the pronoun &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt;. Similar to English in this case, pronouns can be used in other languages instead of articles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, the word for &quot;one&quot; can be used to specify what is conducted by indefinite article in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне это дал &lt;strong&gt;один&lt;/strong&gt; коллега = &lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt; colleague gave it to me. (literally: &lt;strong&gt;One&lt;/strong&gt; colleague gave it to me.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-08-17T09:20:15.000" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T09:20:15.000" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13014" CreationDate="2016-08-17T14:25:37.177" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian relies on the context. From the context it is almost always clear whether we speak about a definite or indefinite concept. In some cases it's unclear and we just use additional words to describe that. Look:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;There is boy whose name is Max. Boy entered room. In room there were lot of toys. Boy took his most beloved toy and went to another room. In this room Max placed toy on red table. On table there were already other toys. Then, boy played with them some time.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm pretty sure that you can correctly place all the missing articles in the example above. So, from the Russian (and almost any Slavic language) point of view the concept of articles is redundant. They don't carry any additional information, which isn't already available from the context. And that is the reason why Russians have problems and one can make funny jokes about them. And I hope that I used all the articles correctly in my explanation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has nothing to do with the declension or predicative adjectives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7650" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2018-10-09T14:36:20.023" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T14:36:20.023" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13019" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13020" CreationDate="2016-08-17T21:52:45.900" Score="3" ViewCount="256" Body="&lt;p&gt;Admittedly this might just be a problem with the course material I was looking at, but I was reading some letters between two &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;friends&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (emphasis mine), Анна and Иван, because apparently Иван was sightseeing in the Urals and Анна was stuck back in Nizhny Novgorod.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, they sign their letters to each others as &quot;твой Иван&quot; and &quot;твоя Анна&quot;, after telling each other &quot;скучаю&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Would this level of familiarity/intimacy be considered &quot;proper&quot; or &quot;normal&quot; for two platonic friends in Russian, especially for friends of the opposite gender?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me this seems like too much emotional disclosure. Unless you are discussing anger, disclosing any negative emotion to someone to whom you are not related, particularly when they are of the opposite gender, seems like it could be misconstrued as a request for romantic intimacy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, saying to someone unrelated that &quot;I am yours&quot; seems like an offer of an inappropriate amount of commitment and loyalty, unless that person is a romantic partner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only if I was &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; familiar with someone would I write &quot;your friend&quot;, but this doesn't translate well into Russian, especially for a friend of the opposite gender, because then &quot;твой друг&quot; or &quot;твоя подруга&quot; means &quot;your boy/girlfriend&quot;, which would really be the wrong message to send.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, translating the letters literally into English, one has the impression that these two friends have boundary issues. Or am I just misinterpreting Russian culture here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2016-08-18T02:16:05.700" Title="How to avoid seeming overly familiar when writing letters to a friend?" Tags="&lt;formality&gt;&lt;культура&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13019" CreationDate="2016-08-17T22:16:53.520" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;seems like it could be misconstrued as a request for romantic intimacy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps, but it's totally okay among just the close friends. In fact, &quot;Yours + name&quot; is uncommon for lovers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7310" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T22:16:53.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13019" CreationDate="2016-08-17T23:54:33.647" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say these 'friends' aren't that platonic if they sign their letters like that. I assume they have some sort of romantic feelings to each other, even if they know they could never be together and all that's left is to write letters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays not a lot of people write each other paper letters, but in this situation if we are talking about friends I'd say &quot;Скучаю, пиши!&quot; or &quot;С нетерпением жду ответа :)&quot; would be much more appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've written about 10-15 paper letters in my life to a friend (a girl) and I've never signed them with my name - what for? She could see it on the envelope.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6745" LastActivityDate="2016-08-17T23:54:33.647" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13019" CreationDate="2016-08-18T02:16:05.700" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Close friends can use &lt;strong&gt;твой/твоя +name&lt;/strong&gt; without any additional (emotional ) feeling nowadays. But in Russian culture we use other patterns : we say *hello,hi&quot; starting the letter (emails ) and often finish them with &quot;bye&quot;.Your friend would say Пока.Что у тебя новенького?Пиши.Анна. But everything depends on the relationship. We can suspect a flavour  of romance in your examples but hardly anything deeper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-08-18T02:16:05.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13014" CreationDate="2016-08-18T04:58:25.720" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the OP's example isn't even about declension. He's asking how Russian distinguishes between different parts of speech, such as between &quot;fair&quot; being a noun or an adjective in this example. And the answer is that Russian, unlike English, doesn't have word conversion -- the same word can't be used as different parts of speech. So in OP's own words &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;both nouns and adjectives are ... declined differently&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is esentially the explanation. But I'd say that it's not really about declension, but about the fact that different parts of speech in Russian are formed with different endings (and possibly suffixes), which makes them clearly distinguishable from each other (modulo some occasional coincidental homoforms like &quot;три&quot; or &quot;полого&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3528" LastActivityDate="2016-08-18T04:58:25.720" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13024" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-18T13:54:48.817" Score="8" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How to chose between these two words?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Which one should I use here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;кнопка 'Отправить' активи(зи?)руется только когда заполнены все поля&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="90" LastActivityDate="2016-08-18T14:53:13.370" Title="Активируется vs активизируется" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13014" CreationDate="2016-08-18T13:59:18.487" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main function of the definite and indefinite articles in English is to express explicitly definiteness/indefiniteness of the noun. There are formal rules in contemporary English grammar making their usage (or zero article usage) mandatory in standard situations. In Russian, some helpful words are used instead - less formally and just by necessity, in case the context doesn't clarify the aspect of definiteness: e.g. we simply use pronouns &lt;strong&gt;этот/это/эта/эти/тот/то/та&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;тот прохожий&lt;/em&gt;) for explicit expression of definiteness and smth. like the numeral &lt;strong&gt;один&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;один мой друг&lt;/em&gt;) for addition of indefiniteness. As for the origin of indefinite article in English, it comes from the numeral &lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt;, 'an' being the older form. It is about the same in some other languages (Italian: &lt;strong&gt;un/uno/una&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.). In Chinese, indefiniteness can be expressed (in singular case) quite similarly, by using the numeral '&lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt;' before the measure word (=classifier, which precedes the noun in singular), so the typical '&lt;strong&gt;yi ge&lt;/strong&gt;' in Mandarin functions much like indefinite article, while the pronoun '&lt;strong&gt;zhei ge&lt;/strong&gt;' (this/that) before the noun expresses definiteness; indefiniteness of a noun in plural (+ unknown quantity) is expressed by default (no numeral, no classifier), while definiteness in plural is expressed explicitly - by using the pronoun '&lt;strong&gt;zhei xie&lt;/strong&gt;' (these/those), with or without 'numeral + measure word'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the languages without 'mandatory' articles use their own grammatical 'workaround' means, other than just context. Here's a source, mentioning usage of post-positioned particles in Russian, which function similarly to definite articles:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://aftersimple.com/language-and-speech/articles-in-russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://aftersimple.com/language-and-speech/articles-in-russian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2016-08-18T14:33:18.453" LastActivityDate="2016-08-18T14:33:18.453" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13024" CreationDate="2016-08-18T14:25:24.977" Score="18" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кнопка активируется, когда заполнены все поля.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Активировать&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;to turn on,&lt;strong&gt;to make active&lt;/em&gt; what didn't work,to start a process.&lt;/strong&gt; activate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Активизировать&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;to make a process more active&lt;/strong&gt;, to increase productivity or speed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-08-18T14:53:13.370" LastActivityDate="2016-08-18T14:53:13.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13028" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13029" CreationDate="2016-08-20T15:24:05.597" Score="2" ViewCount="305" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; Is there a set way to form &lt;em&gt;nouns&lt;/em&gt; like 'running' or 'talking' from their respective verbs, or do they just have to be memorized?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ex.&lt;/em&gt; &quot;Running is difficult.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; Also, along the same lines as the above question, how would you say &quot;It is difficult to run&quot;? Would you use это?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-08-23T17:45:39.087" Title="Formation of nouns formed from verbs" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13028" CreationDate="2016-08-20T15:56:16.387" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there a set way to form nouns like 'running' or 'talking' from their respective verbs, or do they just have to be memorized?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, yes, there are several patterns, but neither they apply to all possible verbs, nor they preserve verb's &quot;universal&quot; meaning. For example, there is noun &quot;&lt;em&gt;беганье&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (by the way it follows a very common pattern in Russian), but you can't use it in this particular case (&quot;&lt;em&gt;Running is difficult&lt;/em&gt;&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;how would you say &quot;It is difficult to run&quot;? Would you use это?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That highly depends on context and stylistics. But remember that Russian &quot;это&quot; isn't essential part of syntax as English &quot;it&quot;. So you rarely put it in the first place. More usual way of saying should be &quot;&lt;em&gt;Бегать - это трудно&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or just &quot;&lt;em&gt;Бегать трудно&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-08-20T15:56:16.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13030" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13031" CreationDate="2016-08-20T17:24:46.503" Score="10" ViewCount="2730" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question is related &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/7903/how-to-address-a-female-friend&quot;&gt;How to address a female friend&lt;/a&gt;, although somewhat different in its focus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand, the following is true:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the speaker is female, then &quot;подруга&quot; means &quot;friend&quot; and &quot;друг&quot; means &quot;boyfriend&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the speaker is male, then &quot;друг&quot; means &quot;friend&quot; and &quot;подруга&quot; means &quot;girlfriend&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; Is the above correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the answers to the other question, it seems like the only way to refer to friends of the opposite gender is via their name. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; So is there no way to talk about the relationship in the third person, i.e. no translation of &quot;So-and-so [of the opposite gender of the speaker] is my friend&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above is particularly important to me because I don't want to offend my friends by accidentally telling other people incorrectly/falsely that we are in a romantic relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.&lt;/strong&gt; How do people refer to romantic partners of the same gender in Russian? Or is non-heterosexuality sufficiently taboo in all Russian-speaking societies that people never acknowledge such relationships or develop words to refer to them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.&lt;/strong&gt; How to translate, without ambiguity, in all possible cases, &quot;platonic friend&quot; and &quot;romantic partner&quot; into Russian? Как правильно описать все отношения по-русски?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't really expect a satisfying answer to this question, since the exact same problem exists in German and I have never heard a satisfying answer to that question either. I suppose it is also worth noting that in English some women refer to their platonic female friends as &quot;girlfriend&quot;, although I imagine this usage has declined with the normalization of non-heterosexual relationships in English-speaking countries, or at least in the United States.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-08-31T12:43:57.180" Title="How to use the words &quot;друг&quot; and &quot;подруга&quot; properly? Как правильно описать отношения по-русски?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13030" CreationDate="2016-08-20T17:51:41.860" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Male friend&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;друг&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Female friend&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;подруга&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;(My) Boyfriend&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;(мой) парень&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;(My) Girlfriend&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;(моя) девушка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;He is my friend&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;он мой друг&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;She is my friend&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;она моя подруга&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't matter if the relationship is heterosexual or homosexual, it is always:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Boyfriend&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;парень&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Girlfriend&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;девушка&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;platonic friend&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;друг&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;if a girl is going to unambiguously say that the boy is just a platonic friend, not a boyfriend, she can say &lt;code&gt;&quot;он мне просто друг&quot;&lt;/code&gt; (which can sometimes be used for &lt;code&gt;friendzoned&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The most unambiguous way to say &lt;code&gt;&quot;boyfriend/ girlfriend&quot;&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;&quot;мой парень/моя девушка&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6131" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2016-08-20T22:09:51.480" LastActivityDate="2016-08-20T22:09:51.480" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13030" CreationDate="2016-08-21T15:22:42.093" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Друг&quot; and &quot;подруга&quot; are mainly used in in platonic relationships, but could be used in romantic relationships as well (especially when man speaks &quot;моя подруга&quot; it usually implies girlfriend).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6938" LastActivityDate="2016-08-21T15:22:42.093" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12992" CreationDate="2016-08-21T16:25:19.657" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To illustrate this short-form adjectival construction with last names in another setting, I have seen it used sometimes in math to name concepts after people: Артин --&gt; артинов модуль (Artinian  module), Риман --&gt; риманова поверхность (Riemann surface), Банах --&gt; банахово пространство (Banach space), and so on. It also occurs in physics: Ньютон --&gt; ньютонова механика (Newtonian mechanics). If the name ends softly then -ов becomes -ев: Абель (Abel) --&gt; абелев интеграл (abelian integral), абелева группа (abelian group), and абелевое многообразие (abelian variety). As other answers have indicated, this method of forming an adjective out of a name seems old-fashioned. Far more often I see the genitive following the noun, e.g., сфера Римана (Riemann sphere), not риманова сфера.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is standard to use a lower-case first letter (артинов rather than Артинов, unless it is the first word of a sentence), and this short-form adjective precedes the noun. Neither of these is the case with your example of Христов; native speakers are welcome to comment on that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2016-08-21T16:32:49.950" LastActivityDate="2016-08-21T16:32:49.950" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13034" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13035" CreationDate="2016-08-21T18:28:50.917" Score="2" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know &quot;Вас&quot; is the &quot;you&quot; preposition for Accusative case and &quot;Вам&quot; is for Dative case, but I've seen both of these on the internet and I don't know what is the difference between &quot;Прошу Вас&quot; and &quot;Прошу Вам&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7254" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T15:16:18.430" Title="Прошу Вас vs Прошу Вам" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13035" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13034" CreationDate="2016-08-21T18:33:42.827" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Only &lt;strong&gt;прошу вас&lt;/strong&gt; is correct. &lt;em&gt;Прошу вам&lt;/em&gt; is a strange solecism — but on the internet, it could also be a simple typo. С and М are next to each other on the Russian keyboard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-08-21T18:33:42.827" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13036" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13038" CreationDate="2016-08-22T09:47:13.070" Score="8" ViewCount="1994" Body="&lt;p&gt;The title &quot;товарищ&quot; can be used to address or refer to someone, though given its ideological implications, the term has fallen out of use since the end of the USSR.  I've heard the title used alone, or followed by the surname, or followed by the first name and patronymic.  Was/is it ever permissible to use &quot;товарищ&quot; with the first name alone, perhaps if only as a jocular usage?  Or would this construction be unambiguously wrong, no matter the context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1641" LastActivityDate="2017-01-29T16:45:58.987" Title="Can &quot;товарищ&quot; be used with the first name only?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;formality&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13037" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13036" CreationDate="2016-08-22T10:34:45.480" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it's permissible. It sounds not official then, could be used between friends in a jocular way: &quot;Товарищ Петя, пойдём гулять&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T10:34:45.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13036" CreationDate="2016-08-22T10:40:14.233" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian language the title &quot;Товарищ&quot; may be used in such variants:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;just &quot;товарищ&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; - may be used for addressing a stranger. (&lt;em&gt;&quot;Эй, товарищ! Куда вы пошли?&quot; - &quot;Hey sir! Where did you go?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;). It's somewhat outdated and less ceremonious than English &quot;sir&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;товарищи&quot; (in plural)&lt;/strong&gt; - used for addressing to audience. Sounds more crony and isn't official.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;товарищ with a surname:&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;Товарищ Иванов&quot; - Widely used only in military and power structures as a title when it's needed to specify the one of same rank (&quot;Товарищ Иванов, выйти из строя!&quot;). Calling to a civil person or by civil person to a soldier this way is outdated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;товарищ with a first name:&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;Товарищ Иван&quot; - sounds very familiar and jokingly, and may be used only in a friendly chat (&lt;em&gt;&quot;Товарищ Иван, что ты об этом думаешь?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;товарищ with a civil position:&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;Товарищ доктор&quot;, &quot;товарищ вахтёр&quot; - sounds somewhat familiar and outdated and rarely used to show respect (but remember about familiarity!) Notice that in the Russian Empire there was a position &quot;товарищ министра&quot; (&quot;undersecretary&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;товарищ with a military rank or position:&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;Товарищ рядовой&quot;, &quot;товарищ генерал&quot;, &quot;товарищ командир&quot; - used in military and power structures as a common title. May be used by civilians to officers to show respect. Also in speech addressing to many militants with various ranks it sounds as &quot;товарищи&quot; (&lt;em&gt;&quot;Здравствуйте, товарищи!&quot;&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using &quot;товарищ&quot; with a patronymic or with first name and patronymic is very strange and never used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6602" LastEditorDisplayName="user5462" LastEditDate="2016-08-22T11:38:42.887" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T11:38:42.887" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13036" CreationDate="2016-08-22T11:59:55.690" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;the use of 'comrade' with the personal name (or a party alias as noted above) was not uncommon prior to and around the time of the bolshevik revolution of 1917, but it fell out of use with time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'comrade' with the personal name and patronimic i've never heard being used&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;nowadays the word by itself as a form of address has disdainful or patronizing connotation depending on the intonation, not in a sense of implied communist affiliation of a person, but as an expression of alienation and cold shoulder&lt;br&gt;&#xA;in fact it was so in the later Soviet period as well&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-08-22T12:06:40.663" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T12:06:40.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13040" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13044" CreationDate="2016-08-22T13:59:32.323" Score="4" ViewCount="299" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I looked &lt;strong&gt;пользование and использование&lt;/strong&gt; up in the dictionary but they look the same to me. They translate the english word &quot;use&quot; or &quot;usage&quot;. Could you please explain in which contexts you can use these words, giving some examples?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I am also confused by the verbs &lt;strong&gt;пользовать, использовать and воспользовать&lt;/strong&gt;. I think the first is imperfective, while the second and third one perfective.But which one of the last two makes the &quot;couple&quot; with пользовать? Which one is its perfective form?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If you could also give examples of their usage that would help me.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4892" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T15:36:32.783" Title="What's the difference between пользование and использование?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13040" CreationDate="2016-08-22T14:59:59.593" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пользовать&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;em&gt;лечить&lt;/em&gt; as an outdated form. &quot;Меня пользовали от холеры&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If used in the meaning of &lt;code&gt;использовать&lt;/code&gt;, it means that the speaker is clueless about their own language but trying to sound informal (In my book that's almost as bad as &lt;code&gt;ложить&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пользоваться&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;использовать&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;em&gt;to use&lt;/em&gt;, imperfect form. &quot;Я использую утюг, чтобы гладить бельё&quot; (sounds a bit silly), &quot;Я пользуюсь утюгом, чтобы гладить бельё&quot; (a bit less), &quot;Я глажу бельё утюгом&quot; (better)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Воспользоваться&lt;/code&gt; is also &lt;em&gt;to use&lt;/em&gt;, perfect form (likely implies &lt;em&gt;once&lt;/em&gt;). &quot;Чтобы погладить бельё, я воспользовался утюгом&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Использоваться&lt;/code&gt; means that something gets used (for something). &quot;Утюг используется для глажки белья&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Воспользовать&lt;/code&gt; does not exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T14:59:59.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13042" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13040" CreationDate="2016-08-22T15:06:23.167" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;as far as their synonymy is concerned, their application is a matter of style&#xA;with &lt;code&gt;ис-пользование&lt;/code&gt; being more formal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;also like the respondent before me indicated &lt;code&gt;пользование&lt;/code&gt; can not only mean usage (of an object) but also administering (a medicine to a person), treatment (of a person with a medicine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;because &lt;code&gt;пользование&lt;/code&gt; is a verbal noun not only from &lt;code&gt;пользовать-ся&lt;/code&gt;, but  from &lt;code&gt;пользовать&lt;/code&gt; as well&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.&lt;code&gt;воспользоваться&lt;/code&gt; is a one-off instance of &lt;code&gt;пользоваться&lt;/code&gt;, the action is both perfective and one-off, can be translated as 'to make use of'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пользуюсь эти утюгом уже неделю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На прошлой неделе я воспользовался этим утюгом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1st usage continues through the entire week, while the 2nd happened only once during the week&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;also &lt;code&gt;воспользоваться&lt;/code&gt; lacks its own present tense form, instead the present tense form of &lt;code&gt;использовать&lt;/code&gt; is employed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with Google you can look up some contexts they appear in &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-08-22T15:36:32.783" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T15:36:32.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13040" CreationDate="2016-08-22T15:10:11.407" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пользование&lt;/em&gt; is about contionuous actions, for example, legal term &lt;em&gt;Right of use&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;Право пользования&lt;/em&gt;. While &lt;em&gt;использование&lt;/em&gt; is a single shot usage, sort of &lt;em&gt;application&lt;/em&gt;. Naturally, participle &lt;em&gt;used&lt;/em&gt; correponds to &lt;em&gt;использованный&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пользовать&lt;/em&gt; is an outdated synonym for &lt;em&gt;to cure someone&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;воспользовать&lt;/em&gt; is not a word at all. You probably mean reflexive forms - &lt;em&gt;пользоваться&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;воспользоваться&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пользоваться&lt;/em&gt; is imperfective. &lt;em&gt;Воспользоваться&lt;/em&gt; is perfective. But note that they both correspond to &quot;&lt;em&gt;to use&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, and not to &quot;&lt;em&gt;to be used&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. It's rather sort of &quot;I use smth. for myself&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Использовать(ся)&lt;/em&gt; is both perfective and imperfective. It means &lt;em&gt;make use of&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;to be used&lt;/em&gt; - reflexive form).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T15:10:11.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13040" CreationDate="2016-08-22T15:13:52.173" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пользование&lt;/strong&gt; comes from the verb &lt;strong&gt;пользоваться&lt;/strong&gt; (imperfective; &lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt; is mandatory: &lt;em&gt;пользовать&lt;/em&gt; is not used in contemporary Russian) and means continuous (daily) consumer usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пользование холодильником обходится дорого.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пользоваться холодильником удобно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Использование&lt;/strong&gt; is used much wider and comes from the verb &lt;strong&gt;использовать&lt;/strong&gt; (with perfective or imperfective sense), which has a form &lt;strong&gt;использоватьcя&lt;/strong&gt; for passive voice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Использование солнечной энергии экологически выгодно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Использовать солнечную энергию непросто.                (imperfective&#xA;  sense)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Остатки вчерашнего ужина нужно использовать на завтрак. (perfective&#xA;  sense)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отходы могут использоваться как топливо.                (passive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Воспользоваться&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt; is mandatory; no related noun) is a perfective verb with the meaning 'to take advantage of smth.' or simply 'to use once something at one's disposal'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он воспользовался предложением поехать в командировку в Китай.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T15:13:52.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13034" CreationDate="2016-08-22T15:16:18.430" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Прошу вам&lt;/code&gt; is not meaningless meaning in Russian language. Just rarely used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's when somebody asks some favor for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сказал вашему преподавателю, что прошу вам поставить хорошую оценку&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T15:16:18.430" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13046" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13048" CreationDate="2016-08-22T15:42:37.660" Score="4" ViewCount="209" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нужен ли дефис во фразе «процедурно(-)сгенерированный» (от термина «процедурная генерация»)? Если что, это перевод английского &quot;procedurally generated&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7579" LastActivityDate="2016-08-25T02:44:49.503" Title="Дефис: «процедурно сгенерированный» или «процедурно-сгенерированный»?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13036" CreationDate="2016-08-22T17:02:42.180" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can, but only with familiar, but so seldom. In official situations we use it only with lastname (&quot;Товарищ Иванов&quot;) or with titles (&quot;Товарищ рядовой&quot;). And we don't use with a patronymics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind, that this address is used very seldom today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7678" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T17:02:42.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13046" CreationDate="2016-08-22T18:40:26.813" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не нужен. Это словосочетание из наречия и причастия.Розенталь:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Различаются сложные прилагательные, образующие одно слово (со слитным или дефисным написанием, см. выше), и словосочетания, состоящие из наречия на -о (-е) и прилагательного или причастия (с раздельным написанием); к наречию, играющему роль отдельного члена предложения, можно поставить соответствующий вопрос. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ср.:&#xA;морально-этические проблемы – морально устойчивый человек (в каком отношении устойчивый?);&#xA;общественно-исторические законы – общественно опасные элементы (опасные для кого?)&#xA;Розенталь Справочник по русскому языку.   гл1Х§43 п14.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Процедурно сгенерированный  (сгенерированный как?каким образом?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For everybody to understand. &#xA;No, you shouldn't use a hyphen because it's a participle with an adverb. Rosental says we should distinguish between compound adjectives (hyphenated or not) and such phrases. When an adverb is a separate sentence element, you can ask a question &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Процедурно сгенерированный (сгенерированный как?каким образом?)Generated in what way?How?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-08-25T02:44:49.503" LastActivityDate="2016-08-25T02:44:49.503" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13036" CreationDate="2016-08-22T19:34:29.977" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case you mix both more formal greeting with less formal name form. It makes sense when situation implies the same mixture of relations. E.g. a formal meeting held at work between ppl knowing each other for decades. They call each other with just names outside of the office, but they have to make a semi-formal appearance, though not to formal to use surnames. In earlier Soviet times (1920s) they had a tendency to use Tovarisch more often as it was a recent reform, so they exaggerated this usage in the sense of more mature Soviet Union, e.g. one could call his girlfriend Tovarisch Anna at the dinner table. The next case for this combination is possible post-USSR usage, slightly in the late USSR (1980s) and heavily during Perestroika (1990s). People diminished the value of this greeting (Гусь свинье не товарищ. Goose is not a comrade to a pig - could be a reply to it). So it could be quite often used as ironic or even offensive, in the sense that you are still (a sovetic) Tovarisch while I’m already a (capitalistic) Sir.&#xA;Today Tovarisch is not in use as a greeting, except nostalgic usage (which is also the case for the question as it is a mixture of formal and informal, e.g. memories of two party members regarding their activities in the past) or in its initial meaning which is “someone not so close as a friend”. In this case joint usage makes sense in the same way we use &quot;friend&quot;. My friend Peter - is OK. Friend Peter, please pick this up – ridiculous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Just to mention that all above is about Tovarisch+Name combination. Tovarisch without name it's just &quot;excuse me Sir&quot; pattern, could be in use anywhere in similar situations during the USSR, now this usage is impossible unless you just escaped a time capsule. Actually there is no any substitution now for Sir or Ma'am, so it's safer to say just &quot;excuse me&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7680" LastEditorUserId="7680" LastEditDate="2016-08-22T19:43:09.490" LastActivityDate="2016-08-22T19:43:09.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2569" CreationDate="2016-08-23T09:37:40.183" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a matter of fact, nobody recognized an idiom &lt;strong&gt;to be in a jam&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;попасть в переделку, в трудную ситуацию&lt;/strong&gt;) meaning &lt;em&gt;to get into a difficult situation&lt;/em&gt;. It was a whitty translation of the word &lt;em&gt;jam&lt;/em&gt; into Russian like повидло based on different meanings of the same word. The girl meant that since he started learning Russian it would be hard to hide anything. She had a good command of English and created a pun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-08-25T03:31:13.210" LastActivityDate="2016-08-25T03:31:13.210" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13030" CreationDate="2016-08-23T12:13:27.520" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is the above correct?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not exactly. I know lots of people who only use &quot;друг&quot; or &quot;подруга&quot; meaning friend (no romance).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I also know some people that use &quot;мой парень/моя девушка&quot; for romance, but also use &quot;друг/подруга&quot; for romance if it is a free relationship, or if it's cheating, or to make it &quot;not obvious&quot; (Logic isn't available for everyone). These people usually don't believe in friendship between man and woman, and generally, they appear not to be smart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;So is there no way to talk about the relationship in the third person, i.e. no translation of &quot;So-and-so [of the opposite gender of the speaker] is my friend&quot;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, you can say &quot;Аня — моя подруга&quot; or &quot;Вася — мой друг&quot;. Someone might ask you &quot;То есть вы встречаетесь?&quot; implying romance, to which you should reply &quot;нет, мы просто друзья&quot;. There are people who will still think that there is some romance between you, but it will be their problems, not yours. If one sees no possibility for friendship between people of different sex... Well, I think they should be seeing a shrink.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How do people refer to romantic partners of the same gender in Russian? Or is non-heterosexuality sufficiently taboo in all Russian-speaking societies that people never acknowledge such relationships or develop words to refer to them?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not a taboo, but usually you wouldn't tell everyone that you are not straight. Though, if you are close enough (or don't care, or want to shock), then it will be &quot;мой парень&quot; or &quot;моя девушка&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bit more about discretion on this topic: elder people (50+) are usually less tolerant than young ones. Also there is more tolerance for women (with any gender-related deviations) than for men.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How to translate, without ambiguity, in all possible cases, &quot;platonic friend&quot; and &quot;romantic partner&quot; into Russian? Как правильно описать все отношения по-русски?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any word can be ambiguous. Even if you say that Smith is your business partner, someone could still think that you are sleeping with him (or her) if Smith isn't of same gender as you are. But that's again their problems, not yours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastEditorUserId="1836" LastEditDate="2016-08-31T12:43:57.180" LastActivityDate="2016-08-31T12:43:57.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12444" CreationDate="2016-08-23T13:46:07.050" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another difference between these words, not yet mentioned, is that &quot;ничего&quot; is used in everyday's language, while &quot;ничто&quot; is more &quot;literary&quot; or &quot;poetic&quot;, so to speak. Even when one says &quot;Из-за кризиса все облигации превратились в ничто&quot;, this phrase has a somewhat &quot;epic&quot; sound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user7683" LastActivityDate="2016-08-23T13:46:07.050" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13053" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13028" CreationDate="2016-08-23T17:45:39.087" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the thing to memorize is that the role of nouns of these 2 particular verbs play simple nouns 'running' and 'talk', that is &lt;code&gt;бег&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;разговор&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;following the above explanation it can be said&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бег - дело трудное&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бег - это трудно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but usage of an infinitive instead of a noun to express this idea is more normative&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2016-08-23T17:45:39.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13054" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13055" CreationDate="2016-08-24T03:08:11.527" Score="3" ViewCount="213" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which conjugation of the verb is used in a sentence like, &quot;Neither I nor he will go to the party,&quot; where the subjects are different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-08-24T03:58:03.383" Title="Conjugation with ни/либо phrases" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13054" CreationDate="2016-08-24T03:58:03.383" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;We use plural verb forms in such sentences for all tenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ни он, ни я ничего не сделаем. Ни он, ни я ничего не сделали.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Либо он,либо я купим подарок. Либо он,либо она не закрыли дверь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But whenever the verb comes after one of the subjects, the verb agrees with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ни он ничего не сделал, ни она.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ни я ничего не сделала, ни он.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-08-24T03:58:03.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13056" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13985" CreationDate="2016-08-24T15:40:34.877" Score="7" ViewCount="529" Body="&lt;p&gt;I interpreted &lt;strong&gt;вот прям&lt;/strong&gt; to mean &lt;em&gt;right now&lt;/em&gt;, but I came across this sentence, where this wouldn't really make sense: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я тебя &lt;strong&gt;вот прям&lt;/strong&gt; уважаю, но...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning here? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-02-18T07:06:56.513" LastActivityDate="2017-02-19T20:40:25.857" Title="Meaning of &quot;вот прям&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13056" CreationDate="2016-08-24T15:49:20.900" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;вот прям has nothing to do with time. The closest translation will be &quot;really&quot;, though it may wary depending on context&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вот прям щас – &quot;right now&quot;. Note that it's usually used with &quot;щас&quot; instead of &quot;сейчас&quot;, which is not a correct word, but imitation of how it sounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я тебя вот прям уважаю — I do really respect you. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— показал охраннику паспорт моего друга и прошел — что, вот прям так и прошел?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— showed the guard my friend's document and walked in. – Really? Walked in, just like that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2016-08-24T15:49:20.900" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13058" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13056" CreationDate="2016-08-24T16:18:00.287" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Прям(о)&lt;/em&gt; is a parasite word colloquially used to emphasize something. It could correspond to any of &lt;em&gt;just&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;exactly&lt;/em&gt; or whichever you use for this task.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A pair of examples,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я тебя прям зауважал --&gt; You really earned my respect&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я прям не знаю что сказать --&gt; I just don't know what to say&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Это прям то что надо --&gt; That's exactly what I/you/we/etc. need&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Вот прям&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is a widespread pleonasm, as both words mean the same. Sort of &quot;&lt;em&gt;just really&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, I guess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-08-24T16:18:00.287" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13059" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13060" CreationDate="2016-08-25T03:30:33.897" Score="6" ViewCount="402" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мой задачник часто использует слова &quot;слушать магнитофон&quot;. Насколько архаично слово &quot;магнитофон&quot;? Что сегодня чаще употребляется? &quot;МР3-плеер&quot;? &quot;иПод&quot;? &quot;сотовый&quot;? (как слово и как технология)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я не уверен в точном переводе слова &quot;магнитофон&quot; - &quot;tape recorder&quot;, &quot;audio cassette&quot;, &quot;boombox&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Какая технология используется наиболее часто в русскоговорящих странах чтобы слушать музыку? (вероятно уже не магнитофон)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-08-31T09:03:06.837" LastActivityDate="2016-08-31T13:04:18.837" Title="Насколько архаично слово &quot;магнитофон&quot;? Что сегодня используется наиболее часто вместо него?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;культура&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13060" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13059" CreationDate="2016-08-25T03:49:16.140" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Магнитофон = tape recorder; соответственно, этот термин нисколько не архаичен, если используется по назначению (т.е. для описания именно этого устройства).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Плеер&quot;, пожалуй, сейчас используется наиболее часто в общем смысле. Еще можно &quot;слушать запись&quot; (a recording), так даже еще лучше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2016-08-26T19:29:03.797" LastActivityDate="2016-08-26T19:29:03.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13059" CreationDate="2016-08-25T07:10:25.090" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;магнитофон&lt;/code&gt; is as archaic as cassette player&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;same technologies are being used as in the West: mp3 players, smartphones, tablets, CD-players, cassette players by some, record players (especially by audiophiles who seek &lt;em&gt;warm sound of tubes&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2016-08-25T07:10:25.090" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13062" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13059" CreationDate="2016-08-25T09:29:38.513" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Магнитофон&lt;/strong&gt; is actually a name of the device that plays audio records that are written to a magnetic tape. It could be a cassette player, or a reel-to-reel tape recorder. If you want to disambiguate between these two kinds, you can call them &lt;strong&gt;кассетный магнитофон&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;катушечный (бобинный) магнитофон&lt;/strong&gt; respectively (I guess this term become popular because of WWII german &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetophon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Magnetophon&lt;/a&gt; device).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Магнитофон is single-source device - it can play or record audio. Nowadays most devices can play audio from many sources - from CD's, mp3 sticks or SD cards, FM radio stations, etc. So, they are called differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Personal device is usually called &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5%D1%80&amp;amp;espv=2&amp;amp;biw=1680&amp;amp;bih=941&amp;amp;source=lnms&amp;amp;tbm=isch&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwjMgrain9zOAhWOuB4KHc1-DUcQ_AUIBygC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;плеер&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; for generic devices or if brand is widely known, you can use brand name instead (e.g. айпод or iPod, волкман or Walkman, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stationary devices that one usually uses at home and rarely movable - are called &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5%D1%80&amp;amp;espv=2&amp;amp;biw=1680&amp;amp;bih=941&amp;amp;source=lnms&amp;amp;tbm=isch&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwjMgrain9zOAhWOuB4KHc1-DUcQ_AUIBygC#tbm=isch&amp;amp;q=%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;музыкальный центр&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Portable devices that can be brought with you can be called &lt;strong&gt;магнитола&lt;/strong&gt; (may be there are more popular names for them however). However for car audio systems it is mostly &lt;strong&gt;автомагнитола&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last kind has sub-classes like CD-магнитола (си-ди магнитола), MP3-магнитола (эм-пэ-три магнитола) based on primary source of audio data.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;strong&gt;сотовый&lt;/strong&gt; - it's a cellphone, not an audio playing device (at least it is not its main function). Of course, most cellphones can play audio nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a bottom line, 50 years ago there were only 3 sources of music - radio, turn tables and tape recorders and one could emphasize that they listened to recorded music vs. radio. 30 years ago personal players emerged and one could emphasize that they listened the music using personal player vs some big audio device vs radio. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays there are so many sources of music that the distinction is between &quot;Слушал радио&quot;, &quot;Слушал альбом Нирваны&quot;, &quot;Слушал сборник хитов&quot;, etc. - in other words &quot;I could not influence the song selection&quot; vs. &quot;I selected the music myself&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, магнитофон is not archaic, it become more specialized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-08-31T09:21:22.817" LastActivityDate="2016-08-31T09:21:22.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13063" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-08-27T22:18:58.357" Score="8" ViewCount="1063" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between «поиграть» and «сыграть»? They both are perfective forms of «играть» (&lt;em&gt;to play&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;to perform&lt;/em&gt;). When should each one be used? Are they interchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7696" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-21T14:02:57.003" LastActivityDate="2017-12-21T14:02:57.003" Title="Difference between поиграть and сыграть" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;&lt;приставка-по&gt;&lt;prefix-по&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13064" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13063" CreationDate="2016-08-28T07:36:19.233" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Поиграть&lt;/strong&gt; means 'to play a little (for some time, with something)' and if it's about some game (not just toys), then maybe to leave it unfinished.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;До двух часов поиграем в футбол, потом пойдём купаться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сыграть&lt;/strong&gt; means to play a complete game or to perform some element in a game, e g. to pass the ball or to make a chess move.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вчера наша команда сыграла вничью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этой позиции Фишер сыграл Kg5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Idiomatically, the word can be used in the meaning ' to take advantage of something'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он сыграл на слабости своего начальника к выпивке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also idioms like this one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сыграть в ящик (to bite the dust, to die)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the words are usually not interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-08-28T07:58:21.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13063" CreationDate="2016-08-28T10:53:32.740" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сыграть.The general meaning is a result,completion of playing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.To take part in a game, to finish playing the game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;сыграть в шахматы &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Transitive. to perfom a play, an opera.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сыграть пьесу &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Intransitive . to take part in some performance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;сыграть в фильме.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Transitive. To play a part(role) , &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сыграть роль Городничего, &#xA;  Сыграть в великодушие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;To perform using a musical instrument &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;сыграть сонату на скрипке&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;To use someone 's feelings in one 's own interests. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сыграть на инстинктах, на чувствах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поиграть to.spend some time playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Поиграть в шахматы. Поиграть в крокет. Поиграть на скрипке. Поиграть с ребенком.&#xA;  Поиграть еще некоторое время на сцене.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, there are lots of idioms, like &lt;em&gt;сыграть в ящик&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;поиграть на нервах&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сыграть шутку или штуку&lt;/em&gt;, сыграть на руку кому-нибудь*, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-08-28T18:09:19.127" LastActivityDate="2016-08-28T18:09:19.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13063" CreationDate="2016-08-28T11:37:05.567" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;yes, the difference is in completeness of action, or maybe rather intensity&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вчера мы поиграли в футбол&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;meaning we played some football, we could play the whole 90 mins, but not necessarily, or we could play longer than 90 mins, could also adjourn the rest of the game for later, the outcome of the game doesn't necessarily imply any end result &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вчера мы сыграли в футбол&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;meaning we played from start to finish and must have had a winner&#xA;such statement actually invites a question 'so who won?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;он поиграл мне на гитаре&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for some time he played guitar for me, he could take breaks then resume playing, play different pieces and not necessarily in full&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;он cыграл мне на гитаре&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;he played guitar for a fixed amount of time with no breaks, which usually implies a complete performance of a musical piece or a set of consecutive pieces&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;consider also &lt;code&gt;сделать&lt;/code&gt; VS &lt;code&gt;поделать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я поделал уроки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i did some homework, doesn't mean i did all of it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я cделал уроки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i've done my homework, meaning i did all assignments i had had&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;one of prefix &lt;code&gt;ПО-&lt;/code&gt; meanings is incompleteness or rather INSUFFICIENCY of action:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;вскопать - повскапывать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;выкопать - покопать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;спеть - попеть&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;прочитать - почитать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;выпить - попить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-08-28T14:16:39.260" LastActivityDate="2016-08-28T14:16:39.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13067" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13073" CreationDate="2016-08-28T22:09:14.837" Score="1" ViewCount="820" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read that давай(те) is optional when using perfective imperatives. Is one option preferred over the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if it is used, is it used with the infinitive or the мы form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-08-30T09:54:39.387" Title="Usage of давай(те) with perfective imperatives" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13068" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13069" CreationDate="2016-08-29T03:11:46.520" Score="5" ViewCount="272" Body="&lt;p&gt;When someone asks a question along the lines:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чей это кот?&#xA;Чья это собака?&#xA;Чьё это письмо?&#xA;Чьи это очки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have the following two questions regarding the structure of these interrogative sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; What type of pronoun is чья/чей/чьё/чьи here? Is it a pronoun which replaces a noun, or a pronoun that replaces an adjective?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example - &quot;This is your car&quot; -- here &quot;your&quot; takes the place of an adjective&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BUT&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;This car is yours&quot; -- here &quot;yours&quot; takes the place of noun&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in these questions, does чьё/чья/чей/чьи mean &quot;whose&quot; in the sense of &quot;Whose is this?&quot; (replacing a noun) or &quot;Whose car is this?&quot; (replacing an adjective)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; I have an essentially analogous question about the function of &quot;это&quot; in this type of question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these questions, does &quot;это&quot; mean &quot;this&quot; in the sense of &quot;Think about this&quot; (takes the place of a noun) or &quot;this&quot; in the sense of &quot;Think about this question&quot; (takes the place of an adjective)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My confusion is as follows: чей/чья/чьи/чьё declines with the noun in &quot;...&quot;, but this isn't enough to tell us whether it is taking the role of a noun or adjective, because both of these types of pronouns decline the same in Russian -- i.e. &quot;(Это) авто -- твоё.&quot; and &quot;Это -- твоё авто.&quot; are both valid sentences, and &quot;твоя&quot; is declined the same way in both, despite the fact that it serves a different function in both. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in German, one would have &quot;Das Auto ist deins&quot; and &quot;Das ist dein Auto&quot;. In German one can tell from the declension of &quot;dein&quot; what function it is serving in each sentence, and from that infer what the function of &quot;das&quot; is (along with whether it is separated from the noun by the copular verb, which generally isn't used in Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only hint in Russian that allows one to differentiate between &quot;Это авто твоё&quot; and &quot;Это твоё авто&quot; (at least as far as I can tell) is the word order. But the rules for word order in questions are usually different from the rules for word order in regular sentences, so I really don't know what at all to make of &quot;Чьё это авто&quot;. Hence any help would be greatly appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="7239" LastEditDate="2016-08-29T15:49:40.710" LastActivityDate="2016-08-30T02:16:01.260" Title="Parts of speech in the question &quot;Чей это ...?&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13068" CreationDate="2016-08-29T03:39:10.090" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian is much easier than English or German in this aspect. We don't distinguish between posessive pronouns and adjectives (they are both called pronouns in modern English grammar btw). Neither have we different forms for them like &lt;em&gt;my&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;mine&lt;/em&gt;. It will be мой,моя,мое in all cases,you will never make a mistake. As for Russian into English  translating the rule is the same as in English. Just look whether you have a corresponding noun after the posessive in your sentence or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это моя книга.--This is my book. Чья это книга?-- Моя.Whose book is this?--It's. mine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-08-30T02:16:01.260" LastActivityDate="2016-08-30T02:16:01.260" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13067" CreationDate="2016-08-29T03:53:02.177" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is one option preferred over the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't say this in general, as one is more of proposal, while other is a question. As a rule of thumb, a proposal is more natural if speaking to several people and/or expecting to face different opinions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &quot;question&quot;-form isn't restricted to perfective verbs only. E.g. &quot;пойдём в кино&quot; vs. &quot;идём в кино&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;is it used with the infinitive or the мы form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Infinitive denotes an order rather than a question. Normally you can use it only alongside with &quot;давай(те)&quot;: &quot;давайте погуляем&quot; (perf.) vs. &quot;давайте гулять&quot; (impf.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet you can alternatively use singular &quot;ты&quot; if it's obvious you are going to join too. Also some verbs allow using of past tense. E.g. &quot;пойдём в кино&quot; vs. &quot;пойдёшь в кино&quot; vs. &quot;пошли в кино&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-08-29T03:53:02.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13068" CreationDate="2016-08-29T08:30:26.123" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;not sure i fully understand the crux but i'll try to give an answer and hopefully it'll help to arrive at a conclusion&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in the presented questions the interrogative pronouns point at a possessor of the object in question who (the possessor) is expressed with a possessive pronoun or a noun in Genitive case in the answer&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Q.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чей это кот?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A1&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(possessive pronoun)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это наш кот&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A2&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(noun in Genitive)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это кот соседа&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;there's an obsolete form, yet still understandable, where a possessive adjective is used instead of a noun&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это соседов кот&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a modern variant with a regular adjective would be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это соседский кот&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;although it's less specific than the former because it doesn't point at possessor's gender and number&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;that said, a female form of a possessive adjective is still very much in use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это соседкин кот&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BUT correspond the grammatical form of this interrogative pronoun must with the object and not with the possessor&lt;br&gt;&#xA;it's essentially a possessive pronoun itself and these always correspond with the object&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Это&lt;/code&gt; here is an demonstrative pronoun, which technically could be replaced by pronouns declined in accordance with the object of the question&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Чей это кот?&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;Чей этот кот?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Чьи это очки?&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;Чьи эти очки?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;though it sounds somewhat artificial and is rarely used&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;But the rules for word order in questions are usually different from the rules for word order in regular sentences, so I really don't know&#xA;  what at all to make of &quot;Чьё это авто&quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in order to arrive at a function of noun (by your terminology) for &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt; in the answer, a question must be worded in a specific way&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Q.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;Этот кот, (он) чей?&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;A.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;Этот кот - наш / Он - наш&lt;/code&gt; but a regular answer &lt;code&gt;Это наш кот&lt;/code&gt; is equally valid&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;however in a reversed situation an answer &lt;code&gt;Он - наш&lt;/code&gt; to a question &lt;code&gt;Чей это кот?&lt;/code&gt; sounds awkward, because a purpose of such type of question isn't to find out whom out of several potential owners the cat belongs to, but just to find out in general who the owner is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-08-29T21:04:03.507" LastActivityDate="2016-08-29T21:04:03.507" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13067" CreationDate="2016-08-29T10:54:13.937" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;in imperatives for the first person plural (&lt;strong&gt;we&lt;/strong&gt;), which are called motivational, it's normally required regardless of the verb form&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давай(те) дружить &lt;em&gt;(imperfective infinitive)&lt;/em&gt; = Давай(те) будем дружить &lt;em&gt;(future imperfective)&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давай(те) забудем &lt;em&gt;(future perfective)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it's worth noting that since in 'motivational imperatives' future form of verbs is employed, their imperfective mode consists of &lt;code&gt;[(не) будем +] impf infinitive&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a variant without &lt;code&gt;давай(те)&lt;/code&gt; is more expressive, implying intolerance to refusal and therefore only used when warranted&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Будем дружить!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Забудем!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in this case &lt;code&gt;будем&lt;/code&gt; for imperfective form is obviously obligatory since otherwise we end up with imperfective infinitive instead of imperative&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in regular imperatives appendage of &lt;code&gt;давай(те)&lt;/code&gt; adds a connotation of urgency, impatience and also disdain towards the addressee, it encourages concentration on a specific action without distractions and usually appears in combination with imperfective form&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давай(те) пиши(те)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давай(те) думай(те)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in combination with perfective verbs the word &lt;code&gt;давай(те)&lt;/code&gt; receives particle &lt;code&gt;-ка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давай(те)-ка напиши(те) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давай(те)-ка сыграй(те)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it's not a hard and fast rule, it's just that without the particle the phrase sounds kind of rude and inconsiderate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the &lt;code&gt;-ка&lt;/code&gt; particle is applicable to &lt;code&gt;давай(те)&lt;/code&gt; in motivational imperatives as well, where it imparts a connotation of reservedness and shyness in expressing the invitation to act&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-08-30T06:50:42.117" LastActivityDate="2016-08-30T06:50:42.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13075" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13077" CreationDate="2016-08-30T02:45:58.293" Score="9" ViewCount="1161" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand, &quot;ч&quot; is always soft. The letter &quot;ь&quot; usually denotes that the preceding letter is soft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These two facts together seem to imply that the combination &quot;чь&quot; (just like &quot;щь&quot;) would/should always be redundant, and thus never used or replaced by &quot;ч&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, one sees this letter combination in the pronouns &quot;чьё/чья/чьи&quot; -- I have not seen it anywhere else in the Russian language although I do not presume to have a wide vocabulary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the reason why this letter combination exists in these three words historical? Or does it actually affect the pronunciation of the words? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Say compared to &quot;чё/ча/чи&quot; -- of course because of the spelling rule &quot;чя&quot; is illegal but such a combination would be redundant anyway since the vowel following &quot;ч&quot; is always soft.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sort of related: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1030/%D1%87%D1%91-or-%D1%87%D0%BE-which-is-the-correct-spelling&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;чё?&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;чо?&amp;quot; - which is the correct spelling?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-09-19T18:03:28.147" Title="Question about spelling &quot;чьё/чья/чьи&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13075" CreationDate="2016-08-30T03:13:13.540" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;We use &quot;ь&quot; in чья,чьи,чьё (pronounced differently from чё) to mark the sound [j] like in &quot;й&quot;, so it's not redundant (чё--чьё).Examples : мужичьё,дурачьё,ничья, but чёлка,плечо,влечёт. Чё is spelt both ways(чо,чё)&#xA;By the way,we also use ь with other consonants for the same reason пьяный--пятница.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-08-30T09:46:43.503" LastActivityDate="2016-08-30T09:46:43.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13075" CreationDate="2016-08-30T03:15:53.727" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not redundant, does affect. The soft mark is the reason &lt;strong&gt;чьи&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced &lt;code&gt;[tɕji]&lt;/code&gt; and not &lt;code&gt;[tɕi]&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, &lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt; between a consonant and a vowel is pronounced &lt;code&gt;[j]&lt;/code&gt; — an actual separate iotic consonant, as opposed to just the preceding one getting palatalised: &lt;strong&gt;пьяный&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;['pʲja-]&lt;/code&gt; vs. &lt;strong&gt;пятна&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;['pʲa-]&lt;/code&gt;. The principle works with the ь-unaffected sibilants too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the soft mark &lt;em&gt;supposedly&lt;/em&gt; isn't itself &quot;pronounced&quot; but rather &quot;resets&quot; the so-called modifier letters (&lt;code&gt;е/ё&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ю&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt;), causing them to iotate instead of palatalise, but with a word like &lt;strong&gt;чьи&lt;/strong&gt; (or, say, &lt;strong&gt;бульон&lt;/strong&gt;), the &lt;code&gt;[j]&lt;/code&gt; can only really be regarded as the pronunciation of &lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt; itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Of course it's a little more complicated from a historical viewpoint: in obsolete and dialectal pronunciations, &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; can also be a &quot;modifier letter&quot; with a &lt;code&gt;[ji]&lt;/code&gt; pronunciation in the same positions as where &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt; would be &lt;code&gt;[ja]&lt;/code&gt;, etc., while &lt;code&gt;ьо&lt;/code&gt; being pronounced &lt;code&gt;[jo]&lt;/code&gt; is more recent and more random.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-08-30T03:15:53.727" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13075" CreationDate="2016-08-30T05:05:18.660" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It has nothing to do with letter &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ч&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ьё&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; always produces &quot;&lt;strong&gt;йо&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ья&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - &quot;&lt;strong&gt;йа&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ьи&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - &quot;&lt;strong&gt;йи&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. For example, &quot;лукоморье&quot; -&gt; &quot;лукамор'йэ&quot;, &quot;ульи&quot; -&gt; &quot;ул'йи&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ьё&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ья&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; one may explain it as &quot;opening a syllable&quot;, so it's pronounced as if there were two separate words, e.g. &quot;спросонья&quot; -&gt; &quot;спросонь + я&quot;. But for &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ьи&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; it doesn't work that way and the reason why &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ьи&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is always pronounced as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;йи&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; now is purely historical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-08-30T05:05:18.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13075" CreationDate="2016-08-30T05:45:51.290" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;These vowels are iotized after ь but not after consonants. So the soft sign serves to indicate iotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;чья = [ч'й'а]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;чьё = [ч'й'о]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By contrast,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;чё = [ч'о]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-08-30T05:45:51.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13080" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13081" CreationDate="2016-08-31T09:43:03.473" Score="5" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a magazine on an advertising page asking readers to subscribe the word &lt;em&gt;подписываться&lt;/em&gt; was used. In a beginners' Russian textbook I saw the word &lt;em&gt;выписать&lt;/em&gt; for the same thing. Are both correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4432" LastActivityDate="2016-09-01T09:06:44.663" Title="Verb подписываться vs выписать" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13080" CreationDate="2016-08-31T09:52:42.393" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Выписать&lt;/strong&gt; strictly refers to printed periodicals delivered by regular mail, and, as such, is a little outdated now. Also, as far as I remember from my childhood when it was much more common to subscribe to things by mail, &lt;strong&gt;выписывать газету/журнал&lt;/strong&gt; referred to &lt;em&gt;being&lt;/em&gt; a subscriber (i.e. regularly receiving the publication), whereas the &lt;em&gt;action&lt;/em&gt; of subscribing (as in filling in the form and paying at the post office) was &lt;strong&gt;подписаться&lt;/strong&gt;, which transitioned quite naturally into online usage. &lt;strong&gt;Выписывать&lt;/strong&gt;, on the other hand, didn't make it to electronic mailing lists; you say &lt;strong&gt;я подписан на эту рассылку&lt;/strong&gt;, never &lt;em&gt;я выписываю эту рассылку&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2016-08-31T09:57:59.033" LastActivityDate="2016-08-31T09:57:59.033" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13082" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13080" CreationDate="2016-08-31T09:58:57.180" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes they are, the contexts they are used in differ and their form affects the meaning&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;выписывать&lt;/code&gt; means both &lt;code&gt;to set up a subscription&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;be a regular subscriber&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;выписать&lt;/code&gt; only means &lt;code&gt;to set up a subscription&lt;/code&gt; as does &lt;code&gt;подписаться/подписываться&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;подписаться/подписываться&lt;/code&gt; requires preposition &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;+ Accusative&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there's a subscription campaign going on the most likely verb would be &lt;code&gt;подписаться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it's a private personal affair both are applicable, while &lt;code&gt;подписаться&lt;/code&gt; is more formal and doesn't go with every word denoting a periodical&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я подписался на это издание&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is stylistically preferable over &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я выписал это издание&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;издание&lt;/code&gt; is a broad generic term&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;they're interchangeable however with words denoting specific types of periodicals like &lt;code&gt;газета&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;журнал&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я подписался на новую газету&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;Я выписал новую газету&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BUT&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я подписывался на новую газету&lt;/code&gt; not always = &lt;code&gt;Я выписывал новую газету&lt;/code&gt; as it depends on the meaning of &lt;code&gt;выписывал&lt;/code&gt; as either &lt;code&gt;was setting up my subscription&lt;/code&gt; OR &lt;code&gt;was a subscriber&lt;/code&gt;, which transpires from the context&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-08-31T15:32:31.867" LastActivityDate="2016-08-31T15:32:31.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13083" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13089" CreationDate="2016-08-31T11:38:29.117" Score="5" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian and other East Slavic languages are peculiar, by Slavic standards, in having a fixed post-verbal reflexive particle rather than a free one (or rather, one that tends to follow Wackernagel's law and come second in a clause).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was already frozen in place by the time of the &lt;em&gt;Song of Igor's Campaign&lt;/em&gt;, yet there are exceptions, such as this passage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ту &lt;strong&gt;ся&lt;/strong&gt; копиемъ приламати, ту &lt;strong&gt;ся&lt;/strong&gt; саблямъ потручяти о шеломы половецкыя, на рѣцѣ на Каялѣ, у Дону Великаго.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So when did the change occur, and could it have been a regional phenomenon that went on to spread?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's notable here is that, while unusual by Slavic standards, the affixed reflexive is consistently observed in North Germanic languages (Old Norse &lt;code&gt;-sk&lt;/code&gt; yielding modern &lt;code&gt;-s&lt;/code&gt;), while Polish &lt;code&gt;się&lt;/code&gt; shows &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; degree of affixed rather than Wackernagelian behaviour, and Polish is a &quot;northern&quot; language in purely geographical terms. Any possibility of a spread by contact?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-09-02T04:34:05.267" Title="When (and, if applicable, where) did ся cease to be a free clitic?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13075" CreationDate="2016-08-31T11:39:05.680" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The [j] element in чья, чьё, чьи also makes sense from a structural standpoint - it's the same [j] that's at the end of чей. The -е- in чей/чья etc. can be present or absent because of a historical sound change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastActivityDate="2016-08-31T11:39:05.680" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12627" CreationDate="2016-08-31T12:18:04.503" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Fasmer's dictionary gives шьлъ as an old form of шёл; this makes sense given х &gt; ш (the first palatalization of velars) and the loss of д before л. The strong ь in шьлъ then becomes е, which (according to Vlasto) around the 12 century becomes o to result in шёл (for comparison he gives льнъ &gt; лён, осьлъ &gt; осёл).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastActivityDate="2016-08-31T12:18:04.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12957" CreationDate="2016-08-31T12:24:13.120" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mahota's book on motion verbs highlights the nuance mentioned by VCH250 of 'dropping off' - taking someone someplace, but the person who's leading the other doesn't remain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отвезли меня в аэропорт. They took me to the airport. (I was flying, but they weren't)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastActivityDate="2016-08-31T12:24:13.120" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13080" CreationDate="2016-08-31T12:54:52.810" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do we really see difference between?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я подписался на это издание&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я выписал это издание&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No! It's the same. Depends on region etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To subscribe - Подписаться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;not: &lt;code&gt;подписываться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You never will use &lt;code&gt;подписываться&lt;/code&gt; despite you can use it. And very rare you will use &lt;code&gt;выписать&lt;/code&gt; in internet. &lt;code&gt;выписать&lt;/code&gt; is quite usefull for paper magazine etc. &lt;code&gt;Я хочу выписать(подписаться на) эту газету. Я выписывал(подписывался на) журнал &quot;Мурзилка&quot;. Пётр, выпиши(подпишись для меня на) мне(delete this word) газету &quot;Правда&quot;!&lt;/code&gt; . For abstract words and internet we use 'подписаться'. &lt;code&gt;Я подписался на russian.stackexchange.com(internet). Я подпишусь на это издание(not concrete one).&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;And &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Subscription = подписка! NOT &lt;code&gt;выписка&lt;/code&gt;!!!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So. Use &lt;code&gt;подписаться&lt;/code&gt; as more universal word. No mistake.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;подписываться&lt;/code&gt; - is little different actually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I didn't want to sign under this document- Я не хотел ПОДПИСЫВАТЬСЯ под этим документом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope my english is not so worse and you can understand at least half.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7717" LastActivityDate="2016-08-31T12:54:52.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13059" CreationDate="2016-08-31T13:04:18.837" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Guess &lt;code&gt;плеер&lt;/code&gt; will be the best.&#xA;We just use english words even if there is no such word in russian&#xA;&lt;code&gt;айфон&lt;/code&gt; - iphone&#xA;&lt;code&gt;радио&lt;/code&gt; - radio&#xA;&lt;code&gt;сиди, компакт, компакт диск&lt;/code&gt; - CD (compact disk) just pronounce english word&#xA;&lt;code&gt;мп 3&lt;/code&gt; - mp3&#xA;&lt;code&gt;дивиди&lt;/code&gt; - DVD&#xA;&lt;code&gt;проигрыватель, плеер&lt;/code&gt; - player. First you can see in supermarkets, second you use in real life. And you can add &lt;code&gt;мп 3 плеер&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;p.s. &lt;code&gt;кассетник = магнитофон&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7717" LastActivityDate="2016-08-31T13:04:18.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13083" CreationDate="2016-08-31T18:49:20.290" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вот что я нашла.&#xA; Все имевшиеся в исходной системе древнерусского языка у возвратного местоимения падежные формы были тождественны формам местоимения ты. Следовательно, они отличались от современных форм только в род.-вин. пад. (др.-русск. себе — современное себя) и в дат.-местн. над. (др.русск. соб-k — современное себе).&quot;В дат. и вин. пад. у этого местои мения, как и у ты, были энклитические формы: си и &lt;strong&gt;ся&lt;/strong&gt; Падежные формы возвратного местоимения широко отмечаются в памятни ках: род. пад.— оу себе (Новг. гр. 1305 г.), а межи себе оучинили (Двин. гр. XV в.) и (под влиянием дат.-местн. пад.) межю собе (Лавр, лет.), промеж собе (Новг. гр. 1471 г.); дат. пад.— коупи соб*Ь (Двин. гр. XV в.), мы соб-k боудемъ, а ты соб-k (там же), головоу си розби(х) дважды (там же); вин. пад.— ХОТА мстити себе (Лавр, лет.), возьмоутъ на сл. (там же); местн. пад.— по соб\ (Грам. 1447—1456 гг.), и рече в соб-k (Лавр, лет.) и т. д. Пути изменения этих форм или утраты их, так же как и причины таких изменений, у возвратного местоимения были теми же, что и у местоимения ты, и поэтому не требуют подробных комментариев: и здесь в род.-вин. пад. установилась форма себя вместо др.-русск. себе, а в дат.-местн. пад.— форма себе вместо др.-русск. соб-k; энклитические же формы были утрачены. Однако форма вин. пад. ся (а в говорах иногда дат, пад. си) не просто исчезла из языка, а превратилась в особую частицу, служащую для образования возвратных глаголов. В древнерусском языке форма СА, являясь ме стоимением, употреблялась в возвратном значении, не сливаясь с глаголом в одно целое: она могла выступать и после, и перед глаголом, а могла быть и отделена от глагола иными словами (ср. в Смоленской грамоте 1229 г.: что СА дкете по веремьнемь; в Лаврентьевской летописи: а га возъвращю СА похожю и еще). Превращаясь в возвратную частицу, ся теряло свою самостоятельность и полностью сливалось с глаголом, сначала семантически, а за тем фонетически и морфологически, образуя его возвратную форму. Этот процесс отражается в памятниках &lt;strong&gt;с XV в.&lt;/strong&gt; (Иванов)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Другой источник.(Черных) Устранение подвижности частицы ся относится к позднему времени (XVI—XVlI вв.). Закрепление произошло сначала в области глаголов со значением страдательным и собственно-возвратным, а потом в (XVII в.) и в области остальных глаголов с частицей ся. В Уложении 1649 г. не имеется ни одного случая свободного употребления частицы ся. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-09-02T04:34:05.267" LastActivityDate="2016-09-02T04:34:05.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12731" CreationDate="2016-09-01T01:14:30.223" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using the genitive in a partitive sense (kind of like &quot;some..&quot;) is not that uncommon, but special partitive forms in -у are used less &amp;amp; less often these days. An American textbook in the 1970s (&quot;Making Progress in Russian&quot;) listed about twenty words with -у partitive endings; most books now don't bother bringing it up, with the possible exception of чаю, which is still used, and народу (as in много народу). For a sense of this you can play with Google's ngram viewer: here's a comparison of &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%2C%20%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=12&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;много народу vs. много народа&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastActivityDate="2016-09-01T01:14:30.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12649" CreationDate="2016-09-01T01:38:23.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this is a kind of 'fossilized' expression, that's why it doesn't seem to fit into the modern case system. #449 in Wade's 'A Comprehensive Russian Grammar' mentions that в is used with nouns in what looks like nom. pl., but is historically an accusative, in contexts of professions or other groups; sometimes it implies a change of state or status. A few similar expressions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ИГИЛ набирает детей в солдаты. --&amp;gt; ISIS is recruiting children to be soldiers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кандидат в солдаты --&amp;gt; a presidential candidate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Каких женщин мужчины берут в жёны? --&amp;gt; What kind of women do men marry (lit., take to be a wife)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-09-14T14:05:02.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12444" CreationDate="2016-09-01T01:48:59.993" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Building on Kovyl's post: a good example is the line from Olga Berggolts' poem at the Piskaryovskoe Cemetery, where many victims of the WWII blockade of Leningrad are buried:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Никто не забыт, ничто не забыто&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastActivityDate="2016-09-01T01:48:59.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12178" CreationDate="2016-09-01T01:58:20.817" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's worth keeping in mind that unlike most other consonants in Russian, м, н, л, and р generally remain voiced before a pause, or before a voiceless consonant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastActivityDate="2016-09-01T01:58:20.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13080" CreationDate="2016-09-01T09:06:44.663" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;В данном случае, слово &lt;strong&gt;&quot;выписать&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; означает &quot;отправить письмо с просьбой выслать следующий номер журнала&quot;. Это - старая модель распространения периодических изданий, когда для получения каждого номера надо заранее отправить письмо (и такие журналы существуют даже в 21м веке, если верить &lt;a href=&quot;http://bash.im/quote/395598&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;бору&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для случаев автоматической рассылки, когда не требуется запрашивать каждое сообщение - глагол &quot;выписывать&quot; не применим.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Извиняюсь, что пишу по-русски, по-английски я писать не умею.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7223" LastActivityDate="2016-09-01T09:06:44.663" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12496" CreationDate="2016-09-01T12:05:29.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think Havlík's law, mentioned by Nikolaj above, does explain at least some of the seeming randomness. Jers were strong in a syllable that's followed by a syllable with a weak jer, so whether the jer in въ was strong depended on the next word. If that word's first syllable had a weak jer, the jer in въ was strong, and become -о-. If the first syllable of the next word didn't have a weak jer, then the jer in въ was weak, and disappeared.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's why we say во сне (сон used to be сънъ), but в снегу (снег comes from снѣгъ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And there are also the other issues mentioned by Nikolaj, just to keep things interesting. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastActivityDate="2016-09-01T12:05:29.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13006" CreationDate="2016-09-02T13:21:34.263" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can be hard to generalize because the nuances vary depending on a given adjective; it's very context sensitive. A few generalizations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As VCH250 mentions, when an adjective can express either a temporary or a more permanent state, the short form is used for the temporary state (think &quot;short time, short adjective&quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вчера она была больна. -She was ill yesterday.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Он больной. -He's sickly/an invalid/has some long-term health issue. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Short forms are often used when there's some limitation in the context; the corresponding long form would indicate a more general, inherent quality. This touches on your example Моя душа полна тобой - my soul is full &lt;em&gt;with/because of you&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она права. -She's right (about this particular thing).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Наше дело правое. -Our cause is just (an inherent quality).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он ей не был симпатичен. -He wasn't attractive to her (maybe others did find him attractive, but she didn't)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Он очень симпатичный. -He's very nice/attractive.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они не способны выполнять свои обязанности. -They aren't capable of fulfilling their obligations. (maybe they can do other things, but not this)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я его давно знаю, он очень способный. -I've know him a long time, he's very capable (in general).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Short forms are often used with a preposition for phrases best learned as vocabulary: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;готов к &quot;ready for,&quot; похож на &quot;similar to,&quot; знаком с &quot;acquainted with,&quot; согласен с &quot;in agreement with,&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Short forms can be used to describe an action:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пить вредно. -Drinking is bad for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;If none of the above applies to a given context&lt;/em&gt;, then the short form, as others have mentioned, often sounds more formal, archaic, or bookish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это хороший вопрос. -That's a good question. (normal, conversational tone)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Вопрос хорош. -The question is a good one. (heard in a radio interview with an academically oriented expert)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Learners should avoid using short forms before a noun, since they're only used in the predicate (the English translation will have 'was,' 'is/are,' or 'will be'). Russians can play with word order - in Евгений Онегин Pushkin wrote &quot;Но вреден север для меня.&quot; - but note that it means not 'the harmful north,' rather 'the north is harmful for me (doesn't agree with me).'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastActivityDate="2016-09-02T13:21:34.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13097" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-02T15:19:52.270" Score="6" ViewCount="369" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found this in a book and have no inkling of what it can mean, and nothing in dictionaries to help me understand. Any ideas? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сама знаю, что зря. Мужика у меня уже Святая Дева знает сколько не&#xA;  было. С тех пор, как год назад Альберто убили. И уж если с кем пойти,&#xA;  так с этим русским, он мне, в общем-то, давно нравится. Что-то в нем&#xA;  такое есть, отличающее от остальных кобелей, которые вьются вокруг&#xA;  медперсонала. Хотя кобель он, конечно, изрядный, &lt;strong&gt;одна морда чего&#xA;  стоит&lt;/strong&gt;. Но дело не в морде, а вот в чем – пока не пойму.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-02-18T07:08:26.163" LastActivityDate="2017-02-18T18:11:18.220" Title="Meaning of &quot;одна морда чего стоит&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13097" CreationDate="2016-09-02T17:27:57.777" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;this is a fixed phrase &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хотя кобель он, конечно, изрядный, &lt;em&gt;одна&lt;/em&gt; морда &lt;em&gt;чего стоит&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;he's a dog, the muzzle alone is that of a dog&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;чего стоит&lt;/code&gt; is in fact a rhetoric question which implies that an object figuratively &lt;code&gt;is obviously worth a lot&lt;/code&gt; (стоить = be worth) or &lt;code&gt;has a certain quality to the highest degree&lt;/code&gt; as if being worth many items possessing that quality&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;11&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Вы используете выражение &lt;strong&gt;чего стоит&lt;/strong&gt;, если хотите подчеркнуть чрезвычайную ценность чего-либо: &lt;em&gt;А чего стоила записка великой&#xA;  императрицы, собственноручно начертавшей всего два слова, но зато&#xA;  каких! | Чего стоит одна её улыбка!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Вы используете выражение &lt;strong&gt;чего стоит&lt;/strong&gt;, если хотите подчеркнуть своё возмущение и негодование по поводу чего-либо: &lt;em&gt;Одни только анонимные&#xA;  письма чего стоят!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/dmitriev/5188/%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-09-02T17:46:19.667" LastActivityDate="2016-09-02T17:46:19.667" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13097" CreationDate="2016-09-02T18:51:07.347" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хотя кобель он, конечно, изрядный, одна морда чего стоит. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's slangy.And it's quite rude.It means something like the following.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Though he is indeed a tomcat with an ugly mug like his.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-09-02T18:51:07.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13100" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-02T20:50:23.753" Score="8" ViewCount="2150" Body="&lt;p&gt;На другом форуме кто-то поделился следующим инсторическим толи анекдотом толи былью:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В XIX веке военнообязанные, но достаточно обеспеченные мещане косили от армии следующим образом: покупали у доктора справку о том, что они больны грыжей, и таким образом от армии отмазывались. Грыжа на используемом в медицинских документах Латинском языке называется &quot;hernia&quot;, и, соответственно, у симулянтов в бумагах стоял диагноз &quot;hernia&quot;, который для незнакомого с латынью обывателя читался как &quot;херня&quot;. Соответственно и появилось выражение &quot;хернёй страдать&quot; как синоним &quot;симулировать&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так вот, любопытно узнать у знакомых с этимологией историков или филологов: это настоящая история или анекдот?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7731" LastActivityDate="2016-09-03T18:41:51.963" Title="Этимология выражения &quot;хернёй страдать&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13097" CreationDate="2016-09-03T07:11:57.683" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кобель&lt;/strong&gt; (male dog) here means a man preying on women all the time, like some dirty animal (goat, etc.); &lt;strong&gt;изрядный&lt;/strong&gt; emphasizes that definition and means smth. like outstanding, extraordinary. The expression &lt;strong&gt;одна морда чего стоит&lt;/strong&gt; means that just by a look at his ugly face (which is a real dog muzzle) one can tell the previously given definition is true. Literally, &lt;em&gt;it's worth looking at his face&lt;/em&gt; (his muzzle is worth looking at): you'll understand all that immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-09-03T07:11:57.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1717" CreationDate="2016-09-03T12:20:38.517" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd be interested in native speakers' thoughts on how I sometimes try to explain this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider these English phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;My car broke down on me.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  My dog died on me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course you weren't under the car when it broke down, and the dog wasn't on top of you when it died. To my ear, adding &quot;on me&quot; makes it more informal, and adds a note of emotional involvement (like the &quot;social relationship&quot; mentioned by Pycckи). It's more expressive than the comparatively flat, neutral &quot;My car broke down.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this usage of у меня, у тебя, у нас is similar, with this difference: I hear this &quot;on me&quot; mostly in negative contexts, but у меня etc. can be used in an affectionate way (as well as condescension, as in the joke, or Pycckи's examples). You can sometimes capture this note with a possessive in English translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Федя у нас замечательный музыкант.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Our Fedya is a wonderful musician.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you can also use the construction in Russian with pronouns; in these cases I've never found a good way to express that nuance of connection/relationship in English (we can't say &quot;our he&quot; or &quot;my they..&quot;!). In my translations below, it just gets lost. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;..они у меня такие добрые, щедрые, талантливые, а главное, остроумные..&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  They're so kind, generous, talented, and the main thing - witty..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она у нас такая красавица, а ты говоришь: рыбой пахнет! ― сказал Тарарах.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;She's such a beauty, and you say she smells like fish!&quot; said Tararakh.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;       -Дмитрий Емец, from ruscorpora.ru&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastEditorUserId="7716" LastEditDate="2016-09-17T21:47:14.043" LastActivityDate="2016-09-17T21:47:14.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13103" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-03T12:39:16.067" Score="7" ViewCount="768" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need to say &quot;when I was young&quot; in reference to a male. I always forget whether the correct translation is &quot;Когда я был молодой&quot; or &quot;Когда я был молодым&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you please explain why I need to use the first/second form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I learned that in these cases the instrumental is used to express transitive qualities, that alter over time, while the nominative is used to express permanent qualities. So in this case it should be intstrumental, because the men has eventually grown older. However, on the internet I have found the nominative case, too &quot;Когда я был молодой&quot; (I think it was a song or something of the sort). I'm confused!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4892" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T18:30:42.447" Title="Translation for &quot;When I was young&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13103" CreationDate="2016-09-03T14:41:41.807" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The both are OK and it is difficult to come up with a case where they are not interchangeable. I will try.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Во сне он был молодой = He looked young while sleeping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Во сне он был молодым = He was young in his sleeping dream.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose there is a fairy tale where a magic ring makes the person young temporarily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда я был молодым = When he was young due to the ring, during the&#xA;  duration of spell. Can also mean when he was truly young.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда я был молодой = When he was truly young, cannot mean young due to&#xA;  the magic ring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &quot;Когда я был молодой&quot; means when I was truly young, &quot;Когда я был молодым&quot; can mean besides truly young also young due to some factors like imagining oneself young or be temporarily young or playing a role of a young.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда я слышу эту песню, я становлюсь молодым = When I hear this song,&#xA;  I feel as a young, much better, stronger than usually. Physically change to a young man. Can mean he can date young women.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда я слышу эту песню, я становлюсь молодой = When I hear this song,&#xA;  I re-asses my current age, despite my actual age, I think of it as of&#xA;  quite young age. Can mean he can date women of his age as if the both were young.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, молодой can mean a bride or any other slang or special meaning (like young role in a play etc), so if you mean молодой as a noun, use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда я был молодым&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-09-03T16:29:09.357" LastActivityDate="2016-09-03T16:29:09.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13103" CreationDate="2016-09-03T17:30:41.447" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use three variants. Those are a full adjective in the nominative case, a full adjective in the instrumental case and a short adjective. Our celebrated linguist Розенталь describes their usage like the following but admits that the rule is not strict and some adjectives  don't follow it. We use a full adjective (nominative case) to express either a constant or an absolute quality and when we don't mention the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Человек он был молодой и красивый.&#xA;  Потолок был низкий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We use a full adjective (instrumental case) when the situation describes a certain period of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда он был молодым, мы часто встречались.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And we use a short adjective when the situation refers to a certain moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он был молод, когда я с ним познакомился.&#xA;  Потолок был низок для купленной мебели.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in real life these cases are not always followed and searching in the National corpus I found all the three variants after когда. But the statistics was rather interesting :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;когда я был молодой --9 examples in the main part, когда я был молодым--18, когда я был молод--21.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-09-03T17:30:41.447" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13106" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13107" CreationDate="2016-09-03T17:36:08.180" Score="2" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this question: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1670/%D0%9E%D1%82-%D0%94%D0%BE-and-%D0%A1-%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%B0-disambiguation&quot;&gt;От/До and С/В(На) disambiguation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;there is answers to most of my questions. However, the use of к is left out..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen things like, &quot;(I have a meeting/I talk) from six until eight in the morning.&quot; -&gt; &quot;(У меня встреча/Я говорю) с/от шести к/до восеми утра.&quot; with genitive forms of the numbers, and с and к together, or от and до together. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what about using к?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-09-03T17:57:44.550" Title="I (have a meeting,run,blank) from X to Y in the morning. с/к or от/до?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13107" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13106" CreationDate="2016-09-03T17:46:32.363" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;от... к...&lt;/code&gt; is simply not used in denotation of duration, only as indication of direction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;он шёл от победы к победе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;с... к...&lt;/code&gt; i can't think of a situation where they'd appear in combination&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in the context of time &lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;close to&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;around&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;about&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;by&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я буду к восьми - i'll come at about 8 (by 8 i will have come)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-09-03T17:57:44.550" LastActivityDate="2016-09-03T17:57:44.550" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13100" CreationDate="2016-09-03T18:31:21.880" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ну раз всамделишные филологи не спешат появиться...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подозрительны:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;огласовка &lt;code&gt;h&lt;/code&gt; как &lt;code&gt;[х]&lt;/code&gt; в девятнадцатом веке;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;насколько мне известно, ни одного завалящего примера такого употребления, — при том, что какие-нибудь &quot;ноги хером&quot; до нас вполне себе дошли;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;то, что у экспрессивного и разговорного выражения так забылся первоначальный смысл; это не какое-нибудь &quot;довлеть&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По последнему пункту можно предположить влияние &quot;дурью маяться&quot;, но гораздо более вероятным кажется, что от &quot;дурью маяться&quot; оно на самом деле и произошло — видимо, как придуманный кем-то маньеризм. У &lt;code&gt;страдать&lt;/code&gt; [той или иной]&lt;code&gt;-нёй&lt;/code&gt;, особенно в матерном варианте, все задатки успешного речевого мема: смысл предельно ясен, а вот сочетание двух разных стилистических окрасок застает врасплох. Это фраза, которую хочется взять себе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В русском просторечии много выражений, явственно возникших в какое-то конкретное время в конкретном месте, и хотя большинство из них старые — &quot;кузькина мать&quot;, &quot;как на Маланьину свадьбу&quot;, &quot;куда Макар телят не гонял&quot;, есть, например, и вполне современное &quot;е...ть ту Люсю&quot;. Здесь хотя и отсутствует имя собственное, но очень ощущается чья-то частная любовь к усложнению речи, а по времени появления фразы &lt;code&gt;страдать [...]нёй&lt;/code&gt; можно предположить, что анонимный автор этой фразы с некоторой вероятностью еще жив.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2016-09-03T18:41:51.963" LastActivityDate="2016-09-03T18:41:51.963" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13109" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-03T20:01:24.637" Score="4" ViewCount="735" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have had the impression that there are fewer Latin and Greek loan words in Russian than there are in German and in English. Is my impression right, and is there documentation about this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7737" LastActivityDate="2016-12-30T13:12:19.690" Title="Roman and Greek loan words in Russian and Germanic languages" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13109" CreationDate="2016-09-03T20:41:02.077" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it is, although I can't prove it, or maybe I can by comparing the number of originally Latin words used in an English sentence with their number in its translation into Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And it's explainable, I think, mainly by the fact that the territory of the eastern Slavic tribes was never subjected to direct Roman influence and influence of the Catholic church. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Грецизмы&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Заметный след (некоторые считают, что наибольший[5]) оставили&#xA;  грецизмы, пришедшие в древнерусский язык в основном через посредство&#xA;  старославянского в связи с процессом завершения христианизации&#xA;  славянских государств. Активную роль в этом процессе принимала&#xA;  Византия. Начинается формирование древнерусского (восточнославянского)&#xA;  языка. К грецизмам периода X—XVII веков относятся слова:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;научные&#xA;  термины: математика, философия, история, грамматика;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;бытовые термины:&#xA;  известь, сахар, скамья, тетрадь, фонарь; наименования растений и&#xA;  животных: буйвол, фасоль, свёкла и другие; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;из области религии:&#xA;  анафема, ангел, епископ, демон, икона, монах, монастырь, лампада,&#xA;  пономарь. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Более поздние заимствования относятся главным образом к&#xA;  области искусства и науки: хорей, комедия, мантия, стих, логика,&#xA;  аналогия и другие. Многие греческие слова, получившие статус&#xA;  интернациональных, попали в русский язык через западноевропейские&#xA;  языки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Латинизмы&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;К XVII веку появились переводы с латинского языка на&#xA;  церковнославянский, в том числе Геннадиевская Библия. В русский язык с&#xA;  тех пор начинается проникновение латинских слов. Многие из этих слов&#xA;  продолжают существовать в нашем языке и поныне (Библия, доктор,&#xA;  медицина, лилия, роза и другие).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It appears that online there's no definitive stats info on the loan words by origin, or their total number for that matter, but relative numbers of Latin and Greek ones can be derived from &lt;em&gt;Словарь иностранных слов&lt;/em&gt; (The dictionary of foreign words) where origin is indicated, although it'd be a tedious task unless processed programmatically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to run some search on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.megaslov.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;online Dictionary of foreign words&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and the results are as follows&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/#q=%22%D0%B3%D1%80.%22+site:www.megaslov.ru&amp;amp;start=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;of Greek origin&lt;/a&gt; - about 210&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/#q=%22%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82.%22+site:www.megaslov.ru&amp;amp;start=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;of Latin origin&lt;/a&gt; - about 305&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The data is from the dictionary released in 1933&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditDate="2016-12-30T13:12:19.690" LastActivityDate="2016-12-30T13:12:19.690" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13109" CreationDate="2016-09-04T07:54:41.270" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think Russian has less Latin borrowings than English (but not necessary German!) but maybe more Greek borrowings. Some of them became so much indistinguishable from Russian words that the majority of speakers would not even say they are borrowings. Like, say кукла, скамья, свёкла.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would warn you against relying on the dictionary from the answer by Баян Купи-ка. The dictionary is called &quot;Dictionary of foreign words&quot;, not &quot;dictionary of borrowed words&quot;. So it does not include old borrowings integrated will into Russian language, for instance it does not include any of кукла, скамья, свёкла. On the other hand it includes many words I had never encountered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-09-04T07:54:41.270" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13112" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13113" CreationDate="2016-09-04T19:16:05.977" Score="3" ViewCount="317" Body="&lt;p&gt;I usually hear the letter &quot;р&quot; pronounced as a post-alveolar trill, and in countless introductions to Russian phonetics it is taught as such, but some people appear to pronounce the letter further back, as an uvular fricative, such as in this example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/Ecy6G-rLGBo?t=23m39s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/Ecy6G-rLGBo?t=23m39s&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The speaker is Дми́трий Ви́кторович Лива́нов, a native Russian so it can't be an foreign accent. And also, I have already heard the same pronunciation in other places.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I might be hearing the pronunciation incorrectly, but if not:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Where do the differences in pronunciation of the letter &quot;р&quot; come from?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7641" LastActivityDate="2016-10-03T20:28:34.307" Title="Why do some people pronounce &quot;р&quot; as uvular fricative?" Tags="&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13112" CreationDate="2016-09-04T19:54:36.680" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;such pronunciation of &lt;code&gt;эр&lt;/code&gt; is a case of speech impediment&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;incorrect pronunciation of phonemes is a result of inadequate development of speech apparatus (anatomic or neurological) or uncured bad habits&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;deficiency in &lt;code&gt;P&lt;/code&gt; pronunciation  is called &lt;code&gt;ротацизм&lt;/code&gt; a form of dyslalia&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and the type of &lt;code&gt;ротацизм&lt;/code&gt; this gentlemаn demonstrates is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.logoped.info/dyslalia/rhotacism.shtml&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;увулярный&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.logoped.ru/zv-r06.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;горловой&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-09-04T20:06:31.587" LastActivityDate="2016-09-04T20:06:31.587" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13114" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-04T21:26:14.477" Score="4" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are the verb suffixes &quot;-ate&quot; in English and &quot;-ать&quot; in Russian cognates?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would guess that &quot;-ate&quot; comes from Latin and is also the source of the verb suffix &quot;-ar&quot; in Spanish. Latin and Russian are supposed to be similar in many ways, so it perhaps would not be surprising.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried searching for this on Google but I couldn't find any results (probably because I am bad at searching). Anyway I figured that someone on this website would probably know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2016-09-05T11:15:57.120" Title="Are the verb suffixes &quot;-ate&quot; and &quot;-ать&quot; cognates?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13114" CreationDate="2016-09-05T09:22:19.433" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right, English suffix -ate &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dictionary.com/browse/-ate&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;comes&lt;/a&gt; from the Latin -ātus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, there's no suffix &quot;-ать&quot;. Usually, &quot;-a&quot; is considered to be one suffix, and &quot;-ть&quot; - another one. &quot;-ть&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%D1%82%D1%8C#.D0.AD.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;is assumed&lt;/a&gt; to originate from &quot;-ти&quot;,  marker for the infinitive in proto-slavic language, which, in turn, comes from Proto-Indo-European &quot;-tei&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, they are quite unlikely to be cognates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user5462" LastActivityDate="2016-09-05T09:22:19.433" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13116" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13114" CreationDate="2016-09-05T11:15:57.120" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, they are not directly cognates. The -ate comes from Latin -atus, as Roux stated above, and the -atus is dividable in -a and -tu(s), as Nikolay stated. -tus is homonymic for participle *-to and verbal noun *-tu. But the verbal noun *-tu is not the same verbal noun as verbal noun in *-ti(s), whose dative *-tei gave us our -ть- and -ти-infinitives (-чь-infinitive is -к-ть or -г-ть). The -a- of Latin verbs and of Russian verbs is usually suffix in both (and even the exception is the same: dare/дать), but it is not always the same one (though there is verbalisator -ā in both languages). So neither part is directly cognate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also think it is worth mentioning that when we have loanwords for verbs in -ate, they usually end in -ировать (because of German and French interference), as in castrate - кастрировать, meditate - медитировать. However, their verbal noun is -ация for -ation: castration - кастрация, meditation - медитация.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2016-09-05T11:15:57.120" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13117" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-05T16:08:10.977" Score="7" ViewCount="351" Body="&lt;p&gt;What affects how the ending of нужно should be changed?  A corrected sentence I wrote reads &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ксения говорила, Мне нужно его общество как собаке нужны блохи.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are нужно and нужны used? (And I realize now that Russians say как собаке пятая нога which is not exactly something said in English, but it's clever!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does надо also change similarly depending on what noun is associated with it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7746" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2016-09-07T09:21:53.303" LastActivityDate="2016-09-07T09:21:53.303" Title="Use of нужно with the dative" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13117" CreationDate="2016-09-05T16:35:53.707" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ending of &lt;code&gt;нужно&lt;/code&gt; depends on the grammatical gender and plurality of associated noun.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Your example should be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужн&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; его общество как собаке нужны блохи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;общество&lt;/code&gt;: neuter gender, singular. Correct form: &lt;code&gt;нужно&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;блохи&lt;/code&gt;: plural. Correct form: &lt;code&gt;нужны&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternative word &lt;code&gt;надо&lt;/code&gt; has the only form, but it cannot completely replace word &lt;code&gt;нужно&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-09-05T16:35:53.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13117" CreationDate="2016-09-05T18:23:32.533" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pattern with нужно (an adjective, short form) is &#xA;Кому/чему(Dative) нужно (нужен, нужна, нужны) кто, что ( Nominative ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ему нужно одеяло. Мне нужна рубашка. Им нужны деньги.(The ending corresponds to the gender of the noun  ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can sometimes find genitive case after нужно as a predicative ( in fiction, archaic )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужно денег.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надо (predicative ) in the same function has got the pattern but it cannot always replace нужно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кому /чему надо (doesn't change ) кого/что (Accusative ) or чего(Genitive )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне надо воды. Мне нужна вода.Для этого дела надо особого работника.Для этого дела нужен особый работник. Вам что надо?Вам что нужно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We do not consider other meanings of these words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-09-06T06:18:11.673" LastActivityDate="2016-09-06T06:18:11.673" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13120" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13124" CreationDate="2016-09-06T21:41:47.677" Score="3" ViewCount="346" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to translate &quot;по коробу поскреби&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9iu_MAZWLZs&amp;amp;list=PLnI9xbPdZUAmfrzf0gBsov_5ySlXQiSAu&amp;amp;index=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="506" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-09-09T21:58:18.867" LastActivityDate="2016-09-15T07:28:01.983" Title="&quot;По коробу поскреби&quot; - what does it mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13121" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13125" CreationDate="2016-09-07T00:49:52.727" Score="12" ViewCount="3196" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are &lt;em&gt;свадьба&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;женитьба&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;замужество&lt;/em&gt;. According to wiktionary, &lt;em&gt;женитьба&lt;/em&gt; is marriage from a man's perspective (despite being feminine) and &lt;em&gt;замужество&lt;/em&gt; a woman's (despite being neuter). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it seriously necessary to differentiate? More important, do Russians feel the need to differentiate? If I confused one meaning with another, would a Russian speaker pick that up and say 'you should have used this other word, sounds more natural'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm guessing that &lt;em&gt;свадьба&lt;/em&gt; is used when it doesn't matter or your referring to marriage in a neutral/objective stance. Is this wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My final question would be are there any other words like this or does it not really matter and I'm blowing it out of proportion? I'm sorry if it seems like a strange question but I can't think of any English words that work like this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6991" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-25T14:14:47.350" LastActivityDate="2018-03-02T12:43:02.883" Title="Why does Russian have three words for marriage?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;&lt;словоупотребление&gt;&lt;marital&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13122" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13121" CreationDate="2016-09-07T05:36:59.427" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;We have more words related to the topic.&lt;strong&gt;Брак&lt;/strong&gt; (wedlock,marriage ) is an official term.The verb is &lt;strong&gt;вступить в брак&lt;/strong&gt;. It is related to both parties (a man and a woman ) &lt;strong&gt;Супружество&lt;/strong&gt; (spousehood ) is the state of being married.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ЖЕНИ́ТЬСЯ, женюсь, женишься; совер. и несовер. perfective and imperfective.&#xA;  1. на ком. О мужчине: вступить (-пать) в брак of a man: to marry somebody.1 . Сын женится.&#xA;  2. (ед. не употр.) (singular not used) to marry (of a couple.). Вступить (-пать) в брак1 (разг.). Сосед с соседкой женятся. My neighbours are going to marry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb refers either to &lt;strong&gt;a man&lt;/strong&gt; (when used in the singular) or to &lt;strong&gt;a couple&lt;/strong&gt; (a man and a woman ) when used in the plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So,the same usage applies to the noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Женитьба — ж. 1. Вступление мужчины в брак. 2. Брачный союз мужчины с женщиной. Толковый словарь Ефремовой. Т. Ф. Ефремова. 2000 …   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus,you can say &lt;strong&gt;его женитьба,брак, её замужество,брак, их женитьба,брак&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Замужество&lt;/strong&gt; is for women only.&#xA;Свадьба (wedding ) refers to the selebration of this happy event,usually &lt;strong&gt;их свадьба&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;You shouldn't misuse them in order not to be corrected.We do differentiate these words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-09-10T04:04:30.690" LastActivityDate="2016-09-10T04:04:30.690" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13121" CreationDate="2016-09-07T06:00:21.737" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cвадьба&lt;/em&gt; is a ceremony of getting married, better translation would be &lt;em&gt;wedding&lt;/em&gt;. If you mean &lt;em&gt;marriage&lt;/em&gt; you could use word &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;брак&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; without concern of direction.&#xA;Also &lt;em&gt;женитьба&lt;/em&gt; describes &lt;em&gt;matchmaking&lt;/em&gt; from man's perspective — a man getting a &lt;em&gt;wife&lt;/em&gt;(&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;жен&lt;/strong&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; — &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;жен&lt;/strong&gt;итьба&lt;/em&gt;). And &lt;em&gt;замужество&lt;/em&gt; is a state of being married, from a woman's perspective — wife behind a husband &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;за муж&lt;/strong&gt;ем&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7755" LastEditorUserId="7755" LastEditDate="2016-09-07T06:22:33.170" LastActivityDate="2016-09-07T06:22:33.170" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13120" CreationDate="2016-09-07T07:13:52.813" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Короб is a kind of a box, that was used for storing things in old times. Поскреби is a suggestion to 'скрести', which means 'to scrape'. It's like &quot;Scrape the bottom of the barrel&quot;, but instead of a barrel it should be some kind of a box. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning here is that the box is empty, but maybe there's something left on it's bottom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;сусек&lt;/a&gt; - this is an area in амбар (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;granary&lt;/a&gt;, a building to store grains or vegetables), it is much larger than a box, so old man ask his wife to &quot;мести&quot; (sweep) there: &quot;по сусекам помети&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-09-15T07:28:01.983" LastActivityDate="2016-09-15T07:28:01.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13121" CreationDate="2016-09-07T09:24:32.570" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This terminology isn't specific to Russian language. It's rather a common point for the whole Slavic culture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Замужество&lt;/strong&gt; ultimately means a status of a married woman who &lt;em&gt;lives at her husband's place&lt;/em&gt; (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrilocal_residence&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;patrilocal residence&lt;/a&gt;). Note that living at wife's house was considered improper, so there even exists a specific term &quot;&lt;em&gt;примак&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &lt;strong&gt;Женитьба&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;getting&quot; a wife, which in turn changes man's social status.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Свадьба&lt;/strong&gt; is a wedding ceremony, but unlike English &quot;marriage&quot; Russian word refers to the whole families which now become cognate. So &quot;&lt;em&gt;свадьба&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is &quot;connection of families&quot; which requires absolutely different word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Брак&lt;/strong&gt; is of the same root as &quot;&lt;em&gt;брать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (to take) which is probably due to practice of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bride_kidnapping&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;bride kidnapping&lt;/a&gt;. Though this meaning was lost long time ago and now &quot;&lt;em&gt;брак&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is just an official term for marriage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-09-07T09:24:32.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13126" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-07T12:09:05.117" Score="2" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;p&gt;В русском языке есть такое выражение: измерять что-то в &quot;попугаях&quot;. А есть ли что-то подобное в английском языке?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Abstract points - не совсем то, хотя имеет похожую смысловую нагрузку. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7756" LastActivityDate="2016-09-07T12:09:05.117" Title="&quot;Попугаи&quot; по-английски в контексте измерения чего-либо" Tags="&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-09-07T15:05:35.927" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13121" CreationDate="2016-09-07T14:51:51.190" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The existing answers provide a wealth of interesting information. But the questioner is a beginner and so needs a simple guide to talking about marriage and weddings. Here is my attempt:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Most Important Words About Weddings&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;брак&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--the institution of marriage; a specific marriage&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;вступить в брак&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--to get married; literally &quot;to enter into marriage&quot;, &quot;to enter into matrimony&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ЗАГС&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--government office where civil marriage ceremonies are performed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;свадьба&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--the ceremonies and festivities of the wedding day, especially the wedding feast (reception)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;жениться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--(of a man) to take a wife; (of a couple) to get married&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;выйти замуж&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--(of a woman) to get married; literally, to leave home to join a husband's household&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Examples&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я приглашен на свадьбу. I am invited to a wedding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У нас не было свадьбы. We did not have a wedding reception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Анна вышла замуж. Anna got married.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иван женился. Ivan got married.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иван и Анна женились. Ivan and Anna got married.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как вы относитесь в сексу до брака/до свадьбы? What do you think about premarital sex?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Parties in Courtship and Marriage&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;жених&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--a suitor, an betrothed man, a bridegroom&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;невеста&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--a betrothed woman, a bride&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;супруг&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--a spouse (male)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;супруга&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--a spouse (female)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;спутник жизни&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--a spouse of either sex; literally a life companion&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;More Words about Marriage&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;брачный союз&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--the marriage union&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;гражданский брак&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--strictly speaking: a marriage entered into in a civil ceremony; informally: living together without marriage&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;бракосочетание&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--the marriage ceremony&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;венчание&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--a church marriage ceremony&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;свадебный пир&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--the marriage feast, the wedding reception&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;замужество&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--the state of a woman who is married&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;женитьба&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--a man's or a couple's wedding; seems to be used to talk about the change in status rather than the festivities&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;брачная ночь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--the wedding night&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Words About Matchmaking and Engagement to Marry&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сваха&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--a matchmaker&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сводничество&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--the act of matchmaking (take care since this can also refer to procuring of prostitutes)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сватать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--to recommend a match to someone&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;свататься&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--to make an offer of marriage&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сватовство&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--the act of proposing marriage&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сделать предложение&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--to propose something (such as marriage)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;предложить руку и сердца&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--to offer heart and hand (made by a man to a woman)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;предложение руки и сердце&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;---the offer of heart and hand&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;просить руки&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--to ask for a woman's hand in marriage (request made to parents)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;помолвка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;--an engagement&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastEditorUserId="4753" LastEditDate="2018-02-28T16:20:53.360" LastActivityDate="2018-02-28T16:20:53.360" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13121" CreationDate="2016-09-08T14:39:57.570" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it seriously necessary to differentiate? More important, do Russians feel the need to differentiate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not quite &quot;the need to differentiate&quot;, more like a need to use more correct word. In a casual speech Russians occasionally misplace &quot;женитьба&quot; and &quot;замужество&quot;, too. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If I confused one meaning with another, would a Russian speaker pick that up and say 'you should have used this other word, sounds more natural'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'd probably be corrected in more or less official environment (if you're preparing a speech or something), of if someone tries to properly teach you the language, or if someone is being a bit pedantic.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Also, though unlikely, mismatched wording could be interpreted as if you mean same-sex marriage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;My final question would be are there any other words like this or does it not really matter and I'm blowing it out of proportion? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd say it does not matter too much. Think of it like &quot;its&quot; vs &quot;it's&quot; in English - it is a common and minor mistake, most people just won't bother correcting you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user5462" LastEditorDisplayName="user5462" LastEditDate="2016-09-08T14:52:05.313" LastActivityDate="2016-09-08T14:52:05.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8440" CreationDate="2016-09-08T16:48:26.520" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian word for &amp;quot;is&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;есть&amp;quot;. The infintive form is &amp;quot;быть&amp;quot; (to be). Modern Russian speakers do not generally write or pronounce it when it is used as a linking verb. Rather than &amp;quot;Он есть мой брать&amp;quot; they would say &amp;quot;Он мой брать&amp;quot;. They do write and pronounce &amp;quot;есть&amp;quot; to assert that something is present or to ask whether it is present. For example: &amp;quot;У меня есть брат. У тебя тоже есть брат?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Present Tense Forms&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Present tense forms of &amp;quot;быть&amp;quot; other than &amp;quot;есть&amp;quot; are so seldom needed that they are all but forgotten. A few places where they are still encountered:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Bible:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иисус сказал ему: Я &lt;strong&gt;есмь&lt;/strong&gt; путь и истина и жизнь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Jesus said to him: I &lt;strong&gt;am&lt;/strong&gt; the way and the truth and the life. (John 14:6)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In discussions of philisophy. Here is an except from Nina Guchinskaya's translation of Martin Heidegger's 1935 lecture &amp;quot;Introduction to Metaphysics&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но сегодня говорят «мы». Нынче эпоха самоутверждения масс, а не личностей. Мы &lt;strong&gt;есмы&lt;/strong&gt;. Какое бытие называем мы в этой фразе? Мы говорим также: окна &lt;strong&gt;суть&lt;/strong&gt;, камни &lt;strong&gt;суть&lt;/strong&gt;. Заключает ли это высказывание («мы &lt;strong&gt;есмы&lt;/strong&gt;») в себе утверждение наличности множества «я»? А как обстоит дело с «я был» и «мы были», с бытием в прошедшем? Ушло ли оно от нас? Или мы &lt;strong&gt;есмы&lt;/strong&gt; как раз то, чем мы были? И не станем ли мы как раз тем, что мы &lt;strong&gt;есмы&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But today we say &amp;quot;we&amp;quot;. This is the era for self-afirmation of the multitude rather than the individual. We &lt;strong&gt;are&lt;/strong&gt;. To what sort of being do we refer by this phrase? We say also: The windows &lt;strong&gt;are&lt;/strong&gt;. The stones &lt;strong&gt;are&lt;/strong&gt;. Does the utterance &amp;quot;We &lt;strong&gt;are&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; imply that there is a multiplicity of &amp;quot;I&amp;quot;? And what about &amp;quot;I was&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;We were&amp;quot;, what about existence in the past. Has it left us? Or is it that we &lt;strong&gt;are&lt;/strong&gt; that which we were? And is it not that we will become that which we &lt;strong&gt;are&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a poetic or archaic effect is desired:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;О, брат, где ты еси?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;O Brother, Where Art Thou? (film title)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Avoiding &amp;quot;Is&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &amp;quot;is&amp;quot; is a favorite of English speakers. They have found ways to express all sorts of ideas by using &amp;quot;is&amp;quot; to attach labels to things are by declaring that they exist. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meeting &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; in that building over there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To a Russian speaker this sounds odd. He might say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Собрание &lt;strong&gt;проводится&lt;/strong&gt; в этом здании вон там.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice that rather than declaring that the meeting &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; he has chosen a 'real' verb. He says that the meeting &amp;quot;is being conducted&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another 'real' verb you can use is &amp;quot;представлять&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Терроризм &lt;strong&gt;представляет&lt;/strong&gt; угрозу мировому сообществу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Terrorism &lt;strong&gt;poses&lt;/strong&gt; a thread to world society.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;When to Use &amp;quot;Является&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You asked about &amp;quot;является&amp;quot;. This is another 'real' verb which can be used instead of &amp;quot;есть&amp;quot; in certain cases. The word that comes after it is always in the instrumental case. The word &amp;quot;является&amp;quot; has no exact English translation. It literally means &amp;quot;to appear on the scene as&amp;quot; something. It conveys the idea that under the circumstances which exists, one person or thing acts in a particular role.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can change change the last example to read:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Терроризм &lt;strong&gt;явлается&lt;/strong&gt; угрозой мировому сообществу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is hard to translate this literally in a way that makes sense. This may be close:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Terrorism &lt;strong&gt;is on the scene&lt;/strong&gt; as a threat to world society.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though in English &amp;quot;is a threat&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;poses a threat&amp;quot;, or &amp;quot;constitutes&amp;quot; a threat, are good ways to express this idea, they are different expresions. None of them is a translation of &amp;quot;является&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто является директором этого завода?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who is the director of this plant?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он сообщил что сосед является террористом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He informed that his neighor is a terrorist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian speakers often use &amp;quot;является&amp;quot; instead of &amp;quot;есть&amp;quot; in these sentences because &amp;quot;is&amp;quot; here conveys something more than mere existence. A suit may simple be navy blue, but being a director or a terrorist involves more. They have to be on the spot and do what directors and terrorists do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of the time the word &amp;quot;есть&amp;quot; should be ommited. It is sometimes used for emphasis or clarification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Observe skilled Russian speakers. Note their use of 'real verbs' instead of forms of быть. Fight the urge to constantly say what things &amp;quot;are&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Watch for uses of &amp;quot;является&amp;quot;. Get a feel for when people and circumstances are seen as &amp;quot;showing up&amp;quot; in a role.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-08-30T19:29:32.817" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13130" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13136" CreationDate="2016-09-08T18:46:04.457" Score="2" ViewCount="209" Body="&lt;p&gt;For instance, I have the impression that the phrase &quot;on the toilet&quot; translates to &quot;в туалете&quot; or &quot;на унитазе&quot;, but that switching &quot;в&quot; and &quot;на&quot; between either of these two phrases would be incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My workbook (задачник) has a list of about 50 or so set phrases with &quot;в&quot; and &quot;на&quot;, which I have made flashcards of, and I have added some more, like &quot;на пустыре&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a comprehensive list of these phrases somewhere so I could complete my flashcards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related questions: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/9244/%D0%B2-%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;в теории&amp;quot; против &amp;quot;на практике&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/11441/difference-between-%D0%BD%D0%B0-and-%D0%B2-in-clothing&quot;&gt;Difference between на and в in clothing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-09-09T10:32:48.983" Title="Is there a comprehensive list of where &quot;в&quot; and &quot;на&quot; are used?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13131" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13135" CreationDate="2016-09-08T20:21:25.110" Score="7" ViewCount="271" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anyone have a theory, or knowledge about the origin of the particle ли?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does it act as a question particle? Where did it come from, etc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2017-06-18T15:48:49.820" Title="Origin of particle &quot;ли&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="14" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13132" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13134" CreationDate="2016-09-08T20:58:44.237" Score="2" ViewCount="299" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am more or less familiar with the conecept behind &lt;code&gt;хватает/хватило/хватит&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;достаточно&lt;/code&gt; which is to say that one has something or lacks it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Less formal: &lt;code&gt;(не) хватает/хватило/хватит&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More formal: &lt;code&gt;(не) достаточно&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did an exercise regarding those two words and I had to guess which one to put into which gap. Let's take this short conversation as an example. For you as native speakers what exactly lets you choose the one or the other here? Personally I would choose the more formal one because the situation takes place in a workplace environment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Начальник:&lt;/strong&gt; Тебе не хватает   опыта, внимания к деталям, терпения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Подчинённый:&lt;/strong&gt; У меня достаточно   всего, о чём вы сказали. Я трудоспособный, терпеливый, быстро учусь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://learnrussian.rt.com/lessons/styles-of-speech-constructions-of-sufficiency/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://learnrussian.rt.com/lessons/styles-of-speech-constructions-of-sufficiency/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6381" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-09-10T08:45:38.760" Title="One has something or lacks it (хватит/достаточно)" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13132" CreationDate="2016-09-08T21:17:08.013" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;to my taste the style of &lt;code&gt;мне хватает всего&lt;/code&gt; is lower and in the given situation a response reusing &lt;code&gt;хватает&lt;/code&gt; picked up from the boss' statement but in opposite meaning would sound confrontational&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as far as the connotation is concerned in this situation &lt;code&gt;достаточно&lt;/code&gt; sounds more objective, &lt;code&gt;хватает&lt;/code&gt; when applied to oneself has this spirit of &lt;em&gt;being enough for me&lt;/em&gt; which may not be so for someone else or meet certain criteria&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;достаточно&lt;/code&gt; also has a connotation of &lt;em&gt;sufficiency for the time being&lt;/em&gt; which may change later on, whereas &lt;code&gt;хватать&lt;/code&gt; has an &lt;em&gt;undertone of constancy&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-09-10T08:45:38.760" LastActivityDate="2016-09-10T08:45:38.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13132" CreationDate="2016-09-09T04:29:40.313" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to distinguish between the styles. The boss in your dialogue is not polite, he uses ты addressing his employee, and uses 'хватать, хватить' respectively. Though normally it shouldn't be like this. The employee cannot behave the same way. He uses вы and достаточно.It is formal and polite.But then comes the difference in the meaning and mixture of styles. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, you can see the structure is different. Кому? Мне, тебе не хватает.Чего, у кого достаточно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Начальник: Ты хотел со мной поговорить, Степан?&#xA;Подчинённый: Да, Михаил Петрович. Я хочу стать начальником департамента продаж. Я знаю, что вы ищете нового начальника. Я много работаю, у меня хорошие продажи. Все клиенты мной довольны.&#xA;Начальник: Этого ...Недостаточно....(not enough).... , чтобы стать начальником департамента.&#xA;Подчинённый: А чего мне не ....хватает.....(lack).. ?&#xA;Начальник: Тебе не ....хватает....(lack)... опыта, внимания к деталям, терпения.&#xA;Подчинённый: У меня ......достаточно...(enough).. всего, о чём вы сказали. Я трудоспособный, терпеливый, быстро учусь.&#xA;Начальник: Не думаю, что это так.&#xA;Подчинённый: А у Андрея есть все эти качества, чтобы стать начальником департамента? Я знаю, что он тоже хочет получить это место. А ведь он работает только три месяца в нашей компании!&#xA;Начальник: ...хватит...(stop it)..... говорить об этом. Я сам буду решать, кто станет начальником отдела продаж. Всё, на сегодня ....(достаточно )(enough)..... , иди работать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More about these words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Достаточно&lt;/strong&gt; appeared in the Russian language at the end of the18th century as a bookish word and was used in the scientific language. Later it was widespread in the official style.  Хватит is informal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.If you know something &lt;em&gt;достаточно хорошо&lt;/em&gt;, you know it rather well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда-то он изучал физику достаточно глубоко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Достаточно&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;as much as it is necessary* for something  Хватать has the same meaning (informal)&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он получает достаточно. | Вы достаточно потрудились в этом полугодии. | Месяца вполне достаточно, чтобы подготовиться.&#xA;  На жизнь ему хватает денег. Чтобы подготовиться, месяца хватит вполне.&#xA;  — Вы не мало ли взяли с собой еды в дорогу? — Достаточно.&#xA;  Не маловато ли ты взял с собой еды?--Мне хватит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Недостаточно, не хватает&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;insufficient&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нe хватает /недостаточно времени для близких, для детей. | Не хватает ласки, нежности, тепла, общения. |&#xA;  Не хватило денег, чтобы купить что-либо.&#xA;  Компьютеру не хватает памяти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 as a predicative If there is something &lt;strong&gt;больше чем достаточно,&lt;/strong&gt; it means the quantity or number is too much, or too many.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Умеющих играть на гитаре оказалось больше чем достаточно. | Идей у него больше чем достаточно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4 as a predicative &lt;strong&gt;достаточно сделать&lt;/strong&gt; something to achieve a result means 'you will get a result as soon as you do something.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне достаточно посмотреть на страницу в течение двадцати секунд, и я её запомню. | Достаточно пропустить один день занятий, чтобы тебя исключили.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;as a predicative When you say &lt;strong&gt;чего-либо достаточно&lt;/strong&gt; you mean &quot;it is enough&quot; &quot;you don't need more&quot;, &quot;stop it&quot;. It is more polite. Хватит is also used, but sounds a bit rude.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Достаточно музыки! | Перестань, достаточно!&#xA;  Хватит! Перестань!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хватать, хватить.more meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.If you say,&lt;strong&gt;вас на всё (всех) не хватает&lt;/strong&gt;, it means you cannot multitask or take care of several people .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.If you say, &lt;strong&gt;вам чего-либо не хватает для полного счастья&lt;/strong&gt;, it means you have a lot, but you still need something to be fully satisfied. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.If you say &lt;strong&gt;кого-то не хватает&lt;/strong&gt;, you miss them&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Страшно не хватает мудрого друга. | Ты ведь знаешь, что мне не хватает тебя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Idioms &lt;strong&gt;его (нам) только не хватало&lt;/strong&gt;--you don't want their presence in your company&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Этого нам (мне) только не хватало&lt;/strong&gt;--said when there is something unexpected which can serve an obstacle.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-09-09T13:05:39.923" LastActivityDate="2016-09-09T13:05:39.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13131" CreationDate="2016-09-09T06:13:34.060" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;(How it works in questions)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whatever the origin of the particle is, it adds the sense &quot;&lt;strong&gt;или не/нет&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (whether or not). This could explain its function in &lt;em&gt;embedded questions&lt;/em&gt;: it helps to simplify an expression by excluding the complete form of negated alternative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он не знал, придёт &lt;strong&gt;ли&lt;/strong&gt; [= &lt;strong&gt;или не&lt;/strong&gt; придёт, придёт &lt;strong&gt;или нет&lt;/strong&gt;]&#xA;  сегодня его брат.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(He didn't know &lt;strong&gt;if&lt;/strong&gt; his brother would come /or wouldn't come/ that night.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In an &lt;em&gt;actual question&lt;/em&gt; the sense &quot;&lt;strong&gt;или... не&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; can be also (along with the mentioned simplification) used to express additional &lt;em&gt;doubt&lt;/em&gt; about a judgment or about some its detail:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А знает &lt;strong&gt;ли&lt;/strong&gt; он об этом [&lt;strong&gt;или&lt;/strong&gt; всё-таки &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; знает]?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(But does he &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; know about it?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А так &lt;strong&gt;ли&lt;/strong&gt; это [&lt;strong&gt;или&lt;/strong&gt; всё-таки &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; так]?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Is it &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; so?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-09-09T06:13:34.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13130" CreationDate="2016-09-09T06:41:05.800" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’m not sure that it’s possible to compose such a list, since in some instances usage depends on the context. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Корабли уходят в море;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пастух вышел в поле&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы едем на море отдыхать;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Футболист вышел на поле&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6425" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-09-09T06:41:05.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13130" CreationDate="2016-09-09T10:26:42.643" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think there are too many exceptions to learn them by heart.We should just analyse the situation, whether it is the preposition of place or movement. Another stage is to consider the position like in your example. If you are inside or on the surface. If you group your 50 examples in such a way,you are sure to see some rules and you will have less exceptions to learn. A fotballer wouldn't go &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; футбольное поле, only &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;,because he plays on its surface.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-09-09T10:32:48.983" LastActivityDate="2016-09-09T10:32:48.983" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13138" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13140" CreationDate="2016-09-09T14:52:05.403" Score="6" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm pretty good with grammar, but I've never been able to see the point of the что in constructions like these. Why is it there? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g.,—почти что/ только что/ пока что/ разве что/ и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2016-09-09T18:45:17.160" Title="What role does &quot;что&quot; play in— почти что/ только что/ пока что и т.д" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13138" CreationDate="2016-09-09T17:55:33.697" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could be for embellishment, but not in all these adverbs the parts are separable without loss of meaning&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;почти что&lt;/code&gt; can be reduced to &lt;code&gt;почти&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я почти что ничего не помню = Я почти ничего не помню&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so can be &lt;code&gt;пока что&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пока что не решил, куда поеду отдыхать = Я пока не решил, куда поеду&#xA;  отдыхать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;только что&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;только&lt;/code&gt; have slightly different connotations as adverbs of time &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я только что узнал об этом = I just now found out about that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Когда ты узнал? - Только что (a moment ago)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я только узнал об этом = I just recently found out about that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Когда ты узнал? - Недавно/Вчера/Полчаса назад&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and conventions of their placement within the sentence differ, unlike &lt;code&gt;только что&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;только&lt;/code&gt; can only be placed before the verb it describes, because at other places it could be misconstrued for an adverb of quantity &lt;code&gt;Только я узнал об этом = I was the only one who found out&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Я узнал только об этом = That's all I found out&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;разве что&lt;/code&gt; is irreducible to &lt;code&gt;разве&lt;/code&gt;, besides that there's an interrogative particle &lt;code&gt;разве&lt;/code&gt; synonymous to &lt;code&gt;неужели&lt;/code&gt;, which is irreplaceable with &lt;code&gt;разве что&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Поговорить по-русски можно разве что на кухне&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Разве вам запрещают говорить по-русски?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-09-09T18:45:17.160" LastActivityDate="2016-09-09T18:45:17.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13138" CreationDate="2016-09-09T18:17:03.067" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each of your four examples is actually its own thing, at least to an extent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Почти&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;почти что&lt;/strong&gt; are almost (no pun intended) completely interchangeable, &lt;strong&gt;почти что&lt;/strong&gt; being significantly more colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ditto &lt;strong&gt;пока&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;пока что&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;but&lt;/em&gt; only for the &lt;strong&gt;пока&lt;/strong&gt; that means &quot;for now&quot;. Not the &quot;while&quot; one, which is &lt;strong&gt;пока&lt;/strong&gt; only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Разве что&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;save perhaps for&quot;, &quot;unless perhaps&quot; is a different expression altogether from &lt;strong&gt;разве&lt;/strong&gt; (a question word conveying surprise or doubt). There are &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; rare instances of &lt;strong&gt;разве&lt;/strong&gt; alone use in the sense of &lt;strong&gt;разве что&lt;/strong&gt;, and the ones you might come across are likely to be antiquated (and more on the &quot;rustic&quot; side of antiquated than the &quot;bookish&quot; one.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Только что&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;just now&quot;, &quot;just then&quot;: treat as non-interchangeable with &lt;strong&gt;только&lt;/strong&gt; to err on the safe side. The variations are highly colloquial and their usage is tricky in that special way colloqualisms can be. What I wrote here originally made sense to me until I saw &lt;code&gt;Я только узнал об этом&lt;/code&gt; in the other answer. One gets a feel for it, I suppose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-09-09T18:17:03.067" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13131" CreationDate="2016-09-09T19:10:19.850" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is cognate of English &lt;em&gt;let&lt;/em&gt;, comes from PIE root lee̯- meaning allow, idle, lazy, inactive. English words &quot;left&quot;, &quot;leave&quot;, Russian лень &quot;lazyness&quot; are of the same root.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare PIE forms &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;lee̯nos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;quiet&quot;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;lee̯u̯os&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;left&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-06-18T15:48:49.820" LastActivityDate="2017-06-18T15:48:49.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13142" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13146" CreationDate="2016-09-09T21:09:15.490" Score="10" ViewCount="79506" Body="&lt;p&gt;I sometimes see Russian people add some &lt;code&gt;)&lt;/code&gt; to the end of sentences, and sometimes even many of them: &lt;code&gt;))))&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recently &lt;a href=&quot;https://spanish.stackexchange.com/questions/17219/ja-ja-ja-o-jajaja-para-re%C3%ADrse-en-internet#comment23205_17221&quot;&gt;read&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In Russian: &lt;code&gt;)))))))&lt;/code&gt; is a loud laugh&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I wonder: what does it mean when it is just one of them &lt;code&gt;)&lt;/code&gt;? And is it a loud laugh when it comes with multiple of them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7769" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:53:49.697" LastActivityDate="2019-11-30T14:33:59.337" Title="What do &quot;)&quot; or multiple &quot;)))&quot; mean in an internet conversation?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;slang&gt;&lt;it&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13142" CreationDate="2016-09-09T21:36:39.347" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a smilie :-) Many people are too lazy to type it. Multiple &quot;))))&quot; do not mean laughing, it's just a more friendly smile. :))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-09-09T21:36:39.347" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13142" CreationDate="2016-09-09T22:46:28.680" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm  one of those who uses it.&#xA;I use mostly ), )), ))) - more then that is very rare exception&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;first is like slight smile;&#xA;second is like - my smile lasted second or so, yhea good;&#xA;third - my smile lasted few seconds and probably laugh'ed, like this was really funny&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;more then that - I was laughing a lot, and it was crazy as sh so funny, can't stop to laugh, I have convulsions from that all and my finger do not belong me at the moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not wide used convention I guess, used myself as example of my reasoning. So it is kinda that battery charging icon - low charge etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if you see so much ))))))) more then once a day - girl, young, is annoyed, not ready to reject you yet. I'm kidding). But more seriously they do use another convention, do not know about them too much, would not take serious their smiles trough))).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3713" LastEditorUserId="3713" LastEditDate="2016-09-16T16:24:15.457" LastActivityDate="2016-09-16T16:24:15.457" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13142" CreationDate="2016-09-10T07:58:32.937" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are some links on this topic:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/russian/comments/2p55os/why_do_a_lot_of_russian_people_use_smiley_faces/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.reddit.com/r/russian/comments/2p55os/why_do_a_lot_of_russian_people_use_smiley_faces/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/russian/comments/1ppdyf/russians_and/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.reddit.com/r/russian/comments/1ppdyf/russians_and/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.quora.com/Why-do-Russians-use-as-a-smiley-instead-of&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.quora.com/Why-do-Russians-use-as-a-smiley-instead-of&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am pretty sure I have seen this asked on this site before too, but can't find such pages now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usage is entrenched now no matter what, but the reason explained by multiple sources is that the : symbol is ordinarily less convenient to produce on a Cyrillic keyboard [edit: you have to press two keys to get it, as the links above explain and as fedorqui points out in a comment below], so the : in :) dropped out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2019-03-25T01:58:04.943" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T01:58:04.943" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13147" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13159" CreationDate="2016-09-12T08:40:23.340" Score="6" ViewCount="616" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently read a lot about word order (it makes life so much easier). But I have the following question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's said that for adverbs the following order is normal— Time, Place, Manner.&#xA;But, if for example, I have a huge stack of adverbs (just because I want to to do that), how far can the subject be separated from the noun?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я среди ночи в ресторане быстро съел сыр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ИЛИ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Среди ночи в ресторане быстро я съел сыр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feel free to change question, I just thought up a random example (like 1 sec). The point is, how far should (Я, ТЫ МЫ ... be from the verb?). I'm well aware that there are many thing dictating order, but it seems one could have the subject super far the verb if one wanted. It seems slightly strange.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2016-09-14T10:16:55.913" Title="Order of adverbs and position of subject" Tags="&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13147" CreationDate="2016-09-12T09:31:21.663" Score="-1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Среди ночи в ресторане я быстро съел сыр&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;sounds more natural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я, среди ночи в ресторане, быстро съел сыр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is also fine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no set rule, as far as I understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6425" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-09-13T08:38:58.973" LastActivityDate="2016-09-13T08:38:58.973" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13147" CreationDate="2016-09-12T10:18:23.053" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can have the subject as far from the verb as you wish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Съел быстро сыр среди ночи в ресторане я.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я в ресторане быстро сыр среди ночи съел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;both are ok. They have stylistic diferrences though. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have also to consider that some word orders sound unusual or even awkward for a normal speech and must used only for some effect (comic, satire atc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-09-12T10:18:23.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13150" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-12T13:18:12.813" Score="-2" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to know how to say &quot;how far is it between Bangkok and Moscow?&quot; in russian&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7776" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-09-12T13:55:45.363" LastActivityDate="2016-09-12T13:59:11.277" Title="How to say &quot;how far is it between Bangkok and Moscow?&quot; in russian" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2016-09-15T18:46:04.723" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13150" CreationDate="2016-09-12T13:28:00.610" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Каково расстояние от Бангкока до Москвы? --What's the distance from Bangkok to Moscow? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-09-12T13:28:00.610" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13150" CreationDate="2016-09-12T13:59:11.277" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can also specify desired dimension:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сколько километров от Москвы до Бангкока?&#xA;Сколько часов лететь из Москвы в Бангкок?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's actually preferred form for a native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2016-09-12T13:59:11.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13147" CreationDate="2016-09-12T19:06:59.623" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;i have a gut feeling that sentences with many adverbs tend to start with adverbs and not the subject, which at some point breaks their sequence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;this sequence to me sounds the best flowing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Среди ночи в ресторане я быстро съел сыр&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В ресторане среди ночи я быстро съел сыр&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it appears that the adverb of manner tend to be the closest to the verb, because i think it describes the most important aspect of action&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or i err and if someone adduces examples to the contrary i'll happily concede my mistake&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the last position in the sentence adds emphasis and is used for that purpose&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so in your sentence it's &lt;code&gt;сыр&lt;/code&gt; and the audience immediately gets that it wasn't something else that you ate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-09-12T19:24:14.690" LastActivityDate="2016-09-12T19:24:14.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13154" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13156" CreationDate="2016-09-13T04:29:08.780" Score="3" ViewCount="805" Body="&lt;p&gt;В последнее время в интернете мне всё чаще встречается словосочетание &quot;цикл процессора&quot; или &quot;процессорный цикл&quot; в значении &quot;такт&quot;. Поводом к написанию этого вопроса стала &lt;a href=&quot;https://habrahabr.ru/post/309796/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;статья&lt;/a&gt; на известном IT-ресурсе, которая не является переводом (изначально написана на русском), и в которой автор упорно использует слово &quot;цикл&quot; для обозначения такта. Очевидно, что слово &quot;цикл&quot; в этом значении пришло из английского языка, где такты процессора называются CPU cycles или clock cycles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Насколько правильно использовать слово &quot;цикл&quot; в таком значении? По моему мнению, это слово и без того перегружено в &quot;компьютерном&quot; контексте, а в таком значении оно выглядит как плохой перевод.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="464" LastActivityDate="2016-09-13T11:03:11.753" Title="Такт процессора vs цикл процессора" Tags="&lt;информатика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13147" CreationDate="2016-09-13T07:15:33.623" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian word order is very flexible. The relationships between parts of the Russian sentence are shown by the endings of words. So, because of words endings, the parts of the Russian sentence can go in almost any order without causing any misunderstanding on the part of the listener.And the distance between the subject and the verb doesn't matter much. What really matters is what new information you want to offer to your listener. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the beginner in Russian there is nothing very important to remember about word order, you can use the word order of the English sentence and native speakers will always understand you.&#xA;At the same time, Russian word order has its own peculiarities. One of these peculiarities is that in written Russian &lt;strong&gt;new information&lt;/strong&gt; (or &lt;strong&gt;emphasized information&lt;/strong&gt;) comes at the end of the sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Борис едет в Москву. - Boris goes to Moscow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Москва is a new information because this sentence tells where Boris goes. If another word order is used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В Москву едет Борис. – It is Boris who goes to Moscow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The emphasis is on the word Борис, and, in this case, the sentence tells who goes to Moscow.&#xA;In a conversation the word order is much more flexible since &lt;em&gt;intonation&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;stress&lt;/em&gt; can be used to show the emphasized information in a sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-09-13T07:15:33.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13154" CreationDate="2016-09-13T11:03:11.753" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не думаю, что вопрос в это комьюнити, но ощущение верное. &lt;em&gt;Вообще-то&lt;/em&gt;, правильно &quot;такт&quot;, а &quot;цикл&quot; - ненужная калька с английского. То же самое относится, например, к разрядности: правильная терминология &quot;32-разрядный&quot; (а не &quot;32-битный&quot;) процессор.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но, как всегда в таких случаях, сколь бы ни было неграмотным слово, если оно начинает массово использоваться, оно постепенно закрепляется. Так произошло, например, со словом &quot;файервол&quot;: мало кто сейчас упорствует с правильным &quot;брандмауэр&quot;. Компьютерные термины особенно подвержены этому явлению, поскольку большинство компьютерщиков в той или иной мере двуязычны, и переключаться на другую терминологию утомительно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2016-09-13T11:03:11.753" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13147" CreationDate="2016-09-13T11:19:25.543" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Russian word order is very flexible.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;^ That's probably the most appropriate answer here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How far should Я, ТЫ МЫ ... be from the verb?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, it could be really far.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Быстро, споро, экстремально,&#xA;Находясь почти в нирване&#xA;Я средь ночи в ресторане,&#xA;На весь зал треща ушами,&#xA;Чтоб не дай бог не поймали, озираясь по углам,&#xA;Злясь, икая и потея,&#xA;Отдуваясь и бледнея,&#xA;Скатерть протерев до дыр,&#xA;Лопал сыр.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A particular word order might sound a bit foreign to a native speaker when written down; e.g. &lt;code&gt;я съел быстро сыр&lt;/code&gt;, but even then you can still make it sound smooth with the proper intonation. For pretty much all other combinations it is rather hard to make it sound wrong: &lt;code&gt;сыр я съел быстро&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;быстро сыр я съел&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;съел быстро сыр я&lt;/code&gt;,..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5600" LastActivityDate="2016-09-13T11:19:25.543" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13147" CreationDate="2016-09-13T20:55:25.647" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я среди ночи в ресторане быстро съел сыр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first one is unmarked, default word order. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Среди ночи в ресторане быстро я съел сыр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is wrong, unnatural word order mainly because of &quot;быстро я&quot; part, if you swap these words the word order improves. As it is it only can be used in poetry. Moreover, I would argue, it is the best word order for a poem because of the rhythmics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you take&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Среди ночи в ресторане я быстро съел сыр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it would be also non-default. The meaning is different from default.&#xA;In the default word order&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я среди ночи в ресторане быстро съел сыр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the meanig is roughly &quot;I ate cheese in a/the restaurant in the night&quot; if в ресторане is stressed or &quot;Because it was in a restaurant and in the night, it became possible for me to eat some cheese quickly&quot; if быстро stressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Среди ночи в ресторане я быстро съел сыр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means something &quot;Imagine a scene in a restaurant at night: I had ate cheese there&quot;. It stresses the scene and your action is the addition to the scene &quot;restaurant at midnight&quot;. Or it can mean &quot;During the night in the  restaurant I quickly ate cheese&quot;. That is in the certain &quot;restaurant night&quot;, a party about which the listener knows, which should be understood as one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-09-14T10:16:55.913" LastActivityDate="2016-09-14T10:16:55.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13160" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13162" CreationDate="2016-09-14T08:23:55.197" Score="3" ViewCount="113" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between using the imperfective vs the perfective? My textbook (a very good compressive one) only mentions future negation in passing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я ей не буду говорить об этом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я ей не скажу об этом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не буду брать карандаши из ящика.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не возьму карандаши из ящика.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I get it, negated perfective means (won't be able to do it, finish the action, it's not possible (because it really isn't or I just think so)).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But to me it also seems like it means a type of refusal. I won't do it (Am not going to do) vs negated imperfective (I won't do it at all, it's a none issue).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Change the sentences if you wish; just random 1 sec examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-09-14T11:48:22.940" Title="Negated future and aspect" Tags="&lt;aspect&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13160" CreationDate="2016-09-14T08:56:13.763" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although fundamentally the sentences in these pairs are equal, there's difference in the degree of determination with &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt; displaying the stronger one in the pair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also the &lt;em&gt;imperfective&lt;/em&gt; may presuppose some specific event during which an action won't be performed (e.g. a conversation for &lt;code&gt;не буду говорить&lt;/code&gt; and a drawing  session for &lt;code&gt;не буду брать карандаши&lt;/code&gt;), whereas the connotation of the &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt; could be that the action won't be taken in principle in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it's all still very vague and only adds shades of meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2016-09-14T09:06:13.747" LastActivityDate="2016-09-14T09:06:13.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13160" CreationDate="2016-09-14T09:47:40.320" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usage &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; depend on situation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Imperfective version is more natural if it's about continuous inaction or refusal (which you mentioned) to behave as somebody expects or has just asked for.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не буду брать карандаши из ящика. [Ни сейчас, ни потом - предпочитаю&#xA;  свои].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Скажи ей об этом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- (Нет,) я не буду [= не стану] говорить ей об этом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Perfective version is more typical for once (this time, etc.). It doesn't mean that action wouldn't happen later or if something changes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не возьму карандаши из ящика. [Они мне сейчас не нужны.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Что будет, когда она узнает?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Я не скажу ей об этом. [Возможно, скажу позже, когда это не будет иметь значения.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-09-14T09:47:40.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13163" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13160" CreationDate="2016-09-14T10:23:04.017" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Perhaps it's an oversimplification but I believe that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я ей не скажу об этом&lt;/em&gt; ---&gt; &lt;em&gt;I won't tell her about this&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Я ей не буду&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;не стану&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;em&gt;говорить об этом&lt;/em&gt; --&gt; &lt;em&gt;I'm not going to tell her about this&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-09-14T10:23:04.017" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7583" CreationDate="2016-09-14T14:29:00.053" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Из уроков Java&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Assignment expressions &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Any use of ++ or --&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Method invocations&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Object creation expressions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such statements are called expression statements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выходит пример a = b + c - это составное выражение (присвоение и вычисление).&#xA;А выражения-инструкции (я так перевел):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;int i = 0;&#xA;i++;&#xA;using(i);&#xA;String str = new String(&quot;&quot;);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7783" LastActivityDate="2016-09-14T14:29:00.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13165" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13167" CreationDate="2016-09-14T17:56:13.053" Score="7" ViewCount="1405" Body="&lt;p&gt;I forgot how I found this poster on the internet, but it looked strange so I thought I would translate it so it would make sense:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EP9TI.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EP9TI.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;However, it seems even &lt;em&gt;more&lt;/em&gt; bizarre and non-sensical after translating it. Specifically, my translation is the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strike&gt;Do&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;em&gt;Have&lt;/em&gt; you take&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; care of your breasts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chill your nipples &lt;strike&gt;every day&lt;/strike&gt; by &lt;em&gt;daily&lt;/em&gt; washing with cold water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I have never heard of any health benefits of chilling one's nipples daily. Am I misunderstanding this poster, or was nipple-chilling a regular part of Russian/Soviet culture for historical reasons? Is this the origin of the expression &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=chill%20your%20nips&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;chill your nips&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://historydoc.edu.ru/catalog.asp?cat_ob_no=17037&amp;amp;ob_no=13735&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://historydoc.edu.ru/catalog.asp?cat_ob_no=17037&amp;amp;ob_no=13735&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If anyone could explain to me the смысл of this poster or correct my translation so that its sense becomes self-evident, I would greatly appreciate it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-09-14T18:57:16.507" Title="Does anyone understand the sense (смысл) of this Soviet-era poster?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;&lt;культура&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13165" CreationDate="2016-09-14T18:17:50.757" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strike&gt;Do&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;em&gt;Have&lt;/em&gt; you take&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; care of your breasts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chill your nipples &lt;strike&gt;every day&lt;/strike&gt; by &lt;em&gt;daily&lt;/em&gt; washing with cold water.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;fresh mothers share their experience&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baby.ru/answers/planning/category-4718015/question-169019524/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.baby.ru/answers/planning/category-4718015/question-169019524/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сейчас напарница говорит что мне пора уже соски закаливать, ледяной&#xA;водой обтирать а потом вафельным полотенцем энтенсивно растирать, это&#xA;чтоб потом не трескалась! вы так делали? я боюсь что так можно друдь&#xA;застудить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Врачи советуют после 20 недельки каждый день утром и вечером холодной&#xA;водой обмывать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;растирать грудь нельзя, можно тонус вызвать. Я до беременности просто&#xA;соски обливала прохладной водой и постепенно воду делала холодней&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-09-14T18:17:50.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13165" CreationDate="2016-09-14T18:37:02.290" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraf.in.ua/around/6329-6329.html&quot;&gt;Apparently&lt;/a&gt; it was/is believed to soften the nipples for easier lactation and preventing cracking. How medically sound this is I cannot tell. Now it obviously wasn't a regular part of culture since it had to be promoted with public awareness posters; and the very reason you came across this particular one was that Russian internet users had found it amusing. Dating back to 1930, it was just one of &lt;a href=&quot;http://propagandahistory.ru/2026/Sovetskie-plakaty-na-temu-zdorovya-1920-1950-kh-godov/&quot;&gt;many&lt;/a&gt; posters promoting greater health/hygiene awareness in a nation that, only a few decades ago, had been mostly illiterate and &quot;folksy&quot; in its approach to healthcare. Most of those posters are entirely uncontroversial from the perspective of the medical knowledge we have today; as I said, I'm not qualified to comment on the nipple-chilling one, but if indeed it was based on a misconception, there should be nothing surprising about that. A host of &quot;learned&quot; superstitions have accompanied genuine scientific progress everywhere and in every age, and were slow to go even after they'd been discredited. In the case of medicine, much slower than in other fields since it plays such a part in ordinary lives. Few of today's physicists would dabble in astrology like Sir Isaac Newton, but we still have cupping marks on Olympic athletes, Hollywood celebrity anti-vaxxers, etc. etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-09-14T18:37:02.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13168" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13169" CreationDate="2016-09-15T09:29:33.287" Score="3" ViewCount="208" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lets say we have a Russian name which contains &quot;й&quot; and we want to write it in English. For example Николай. The right way to spell it in English should be Nikolay or Nikolai? Same for Dmitrii / Dmitriy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7786" LastActivityDate="2016-09-16T02:29:17.647" Title="English equivalent of &quot;й&quot;" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13168" CreationDate="2016-09-15T10:48:34.317" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The newest standard of Russian - English transliteration was adopted in 2012 for official use, for passports, for example. The letter й should be written like &lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;. Nikolai,Dmitrii.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В п. 97 приказа ФМС России N 320 от 15 октября 2012 г. указывается, что транслитерация (простое замещение русских букв на латинские) производится в соответствии с рекомендованным ИКАО международным стандартом. Описание рекомендаций по транслитерации включено в документ «Doc 9303. Машиносчитываемые проездные документы» (часть 3 «Спецификации, общие для всех МСПД», раздел 6, блок B «Транслитерация кириллических знаков»)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-09-16T02:29:17.647" LastActivityDate="2016-09-16T02:29:17.647" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13170" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13171" CreationDate="2016-09-15T12:37:47.333" Score="6" ViewCount="452" Body="&lt;p&gt;My grammar book states that &lt;strong&gt;ею&lt;/strong&gt; is preferred to &lt;strong&gt;ей&lt;/strong&gt; in the instrumental case for educated speech. Is it worth using this form in everyday speech? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я слежу за нею.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дракон летит над нею.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и тд &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And as a side note, when should (can) I use тобою, моею and all the other similar forms? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/i16zT.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/i16zT.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2016-09-16T06:47:38.953" LastActivityDate="2016-09-16T06:47:38.953" Title="Use of &quot;ею&quot; instead of &quot;ей&quot; in instrumental" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13170" CreationDate="2016-09-15T13:19:34.417" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rationale behind recommending &lt;strong&gt;ею&lt;/strong&gt; is that &lt;strong&gt;ей&lt;/strong&gt; is easily confused with the dative. Nothing else has this problem, and it's already gone when using the form with a preposition. Dative only takes two prepositions, &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;, and both are exclusive to it. So the &lt;strong&gt;ней&lt;/strong&gt; forms following prepositions are never ambiguous (yes, it's also the prepositional case form, but no prepositions overlap with instrumental there either), and there's no particular reason to use &lt;strong&gt;нею&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, &lt;code&gt;-ю&lt;/code&gt; endings instrumental sound archaic/poetic, and with literally everything except &lt;strong&gt;ею&lt;/strong&gt;, they're not something a person would use nowadays unless they're deliberately trying to come across as either affected or facetious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I might just add that none of this applies to the 3rd-declension noun instrumental &lt;code&gt;-ью&lt;/code&gt;, where the &lt;code&gt;ю&lt;/code&gt; never goes away. That said, it is itself a contraction of the older &lt;code&gt;-ию&lt;/code&gt; — &lt;em&gt;мыслию&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;совестию&lt;/em&gt; — which is even more distinctly archaic than the &lt;code&gt;-ою&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-ею&lt;/code&gt; on 1st declension nouns, adjectives, and pronouns.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2016-09-15T14:24:15.367" LastActivityDate="2016-09-15T14:24:15.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13170" CreationDate="2016-09-15T15:48:37.330" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it is not preferred for educated speech, the standard form is &quot;ей&quot;. &quot;Ею&quot; sounds either uneducated(country-style) or archaic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-09-15T15:48:37.330" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13174" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13175" CreationDate="2016-09-16T11:35:59.050" Score="4" ViewCount="11644" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно: &lt;em&gt;рискованный человек&lt;/em&gt; или &lt;em&gt;рисковый человек&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastActivityDate="2016-09-16T14:11:14.867" Title="&quot;Рискованный человек&quot; или &quot;рисковый человек&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамотность&gt;&lt;семантика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13174" CreationDate="2016-09-16T14:11:14.867" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;В отношении людей употребляется только &lt;em&gt;рисковый&lt;/em&gt;, а &lt;em&gt;рискованным&lt;/em&gt; может быть только действие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Рисковый&lt;/em&gt; can be used with regard to people, but  &lt;em&gt;рискованный&lt;/em&gt; can be used only for  action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7791" LastActivityDate="2016-09-16T14:11:14.867" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7583" CreationDate="2016-09-16T20:20:17.817" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is the official translation of Bjarne Stroustrup's C++ book and it is better that we all use the Russian terminology used there instead of introducing new translations of terms (even if some translations may feel awkward :-)). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an excerpt from the translated book followed by the same excerpt from the original:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Все такие неоднозначности разрешаются в пользу объявлений (если нечто выглядит&#xA;как объявление, это и есть объявление). Например:&#xA;&#xA;Т(а)-&amp;gt;т ;       // оператор-выражение&#xA;Т(а)++;         // оператор-выражение&#xA;Т(*е)(int(3));  // объявление&#xA;T(f)[4]         // объявление&#xA;Т(а);           // объявление&#xA;Т(а)=m;         // объявление&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бьерн Страуструп. Язык программирования C++. Специальное издание. Пер. с англ. — М.:Издательство Бином, 2011 г. ISBN 978-5-7989-0425-9 (pyc.), стр. 934.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;    All such ambiguities are resolved to declarations. That is, &quot;if it could possibly be &#xA;interpreted as a declaration, it is a declaration.&quot; &#xA;For example:&#xA;&#xA;    T(a)-&amp;gt;m;      // expression statement&#xA;    T(a)++;       // expression statement&#xA;    T(*e)(int(3));// declaration&#xA;    T(f)[4];      // declaration&#xA;    T(a);         // declaration&#xA;    T(a)=m;       // declaration&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The C++ Programming Language. Third Edition. Bjarne Stroustrup. AT&amp;amp;T Labs&#xA;Murray Hill, New Jersey 1997. p. 802.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conclusion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;statement&lt;/em&gt; is translated as &lt;em&gt;оператор&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;expression statement&lt;/em&gt; is translated as &lt;em&gt;оператор-выражение&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(by the way) &lt;em&gt;operator&lt;/em&gt; is translated as &lt;em&gt;операция&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2016-09-16T20:34:14.773" LastActivityDate="2016-09-16T20:34:14.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13142" CreationDate="2016-09-17T09:09:48.760" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer from a native speaker:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We use &quot;)&quot; very often) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One parenthesis &quot;)&quot; means a friendly smile, for example, when you share good news or just say &quot;hi&quot;. (duty smile)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Two or more )))  russians commonly use at the end of a joke message or after a cheerful story, when we want to show how funny it was and we are still laughing.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;:] - a sly demon smile. when you have eaten a basket of ice-cream secretly alone]]] &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;:) - this is a satisfied, glad or pleased smile. It's more official than without a colon.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;:D - &quot;can you imagine!&quot; we use this smile to stress that a previously mentioned was a good joke and we were surprised and proud of it. it's like &quot;wow&quot; and &quot;)))&quot; at the same time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;^^ - means &quot;look at me, I'm a fine fellow&quot;, &quot;it is done well because of my efforts&quot;, &quot;Not at all, I don't need flowers&quot;, &quot;you make me blush&quot; etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7795" LastEditorUserId="7795" LastEditDate="2016-09-18T19:59:40.210" LastActivityDate="2016-09-18T19:59:40.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8967" CreationDate="2016-09-17T21:36:24.727" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I couldn't quite tell from your question - have you taken a Russian course with a real teacher, or worked from a good book (rather than gathering internet resources)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's great that you've worked on vocabulary, but do you have a solid understanding of the structure of the language - meaning case endings, aspect, motion verbs, etc.? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After studying Russian for many years, and teaching it for over 14 years, I've observed that good courses scaffold the language - gradually introducing new structures - and make you practice those before moving on to the next, let alone advanced tasks like understanding authentic speech in a film. Since you're not a 2-year old living in Russia I'm afraid you won't be able to just absorb it the way native speakers do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd urge you to work your way through Nicholas Brown's 'New Penguin Russian Course' (about $15 on Amazon), perhaps with an online tutor who has experience teaching foreign learners; there are also several good Youtube channels that focus on Russian grammar (full disclosure: I have one, don't want to spam you here though). If you know the material in Brown's book (yes, all of it!) already, try to find an online tutor who can assess your level and suggest more advanced learning materials. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For radio: at &lt;a href=&quot;http://echo.msk.ru/top/programs.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt; on Эхо Москвы you can mouse over a program &amp;amp; click читать for a transcript. Super handy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For film: look for Мосфильм on Youtube, where they have a few &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4dWJMOQ_a1TPLZbU-K3ic_HODgNTppT9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;classic movies with &lt;em&gt;Russian&lt;/em&gt; subtitles&lt;/a&gt;; or buy DVDs of good films with Russian subtitles - that can be a great bridge as you work your way up to managing authentic materials.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Успеха!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastActivityDate="2016-09-17T21:36:24.727" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-06-12T09:10:57.823" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13075" CreationDate="2016-09-19T18:03:28.147" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You probably know the difference between и and й. Think like е/ь relates the same way и/й does. Try to tell &quot;чеё&quot;, feel the difference of &quot;чё&quot;. Then make &quot;е&quot; as short as possible. The same is right (in most cases) for ы/ъ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4454" LastActivityDate="2016-09-19T18:03:28.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11938" CreationDate="2016-09-21T01:35:48.243" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is used as an indication that something happened or broke unexpectedly. In an overly cute and helpless sort of way. Kind of like &quot;oopsie!&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7813" LastActivityDate="2016-09-21T01:35:48.243" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13183" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13184" CreationDate="2016-09-22T16:56:40.733" Score="2" ViewCount="256" Body="&lt;p&gt;Approximately 30 minutes into the 1987 film &quot;Russkies&quot; the main character, Mischa, sings what I assume to be a Russian folk song. A clip is available on YouTube at &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/CbRhfwSw9z8?t=1901&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this link&lt;/a&gt;. Can you name that tune or provide a lyrics translation to English that can be googled?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7818" LastActivityDate="2016-09-22T19:43:01.220" Title="Russian folk song sung in the movie Russkies?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13183" CreationDate="2016-09-22T19:43:01.220" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cheers to Quassnoi who answered via comment.  The Romanized name of the song is &quot;Shalandy polnye kefali&quot; (&quot;Scows Full of Mullet&quot;) by Mark Bernes.  The original is available on YouTube &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/hDSxfoHWCS8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.  The translated lyrics are available &lt;a href=&quot;http://lyricstranslate.com/en/shalandy-polnye-kefali-%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8-scows-full-mullet.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7818" LastActivityDate="2016-09-22T19:43:01.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13185" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-23T08:18:44.517" Score="6" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that in some cases the preposition &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; is used in the sense of &lt;em&gt;for&lt;/em&gt; where I would use &lt;em&gt;для&lt;/em&gt;. In the following two examples I would use the preposition &lt;em&gt;для&lt;/em&gt;, but apparently this is only true for the former example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сколько стоит комата &lt;strong&gt;для&lt;/strong&gt; одного человека?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  У Вас есть комната &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; одного человека?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.alphadictionary.com/rusgrammar/for.html&quot;&gt;this website&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; — in the sense of &lt;em&gt;for&lt;/em&gt; — is only used for a temporal application or for a deadline (which is temporal use once again).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I didn't find any other sources that address &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; related to the subject in matter. Most sites discuss the matter 'location', e.g. in/at a factory, at a meeting, on an island etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, when to use &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; and is there a rule (or rule of thumb) when to use &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; over &lt;em&gt;для&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="109" LastActivityDate="2016-10-02T13:34:43.280" Title="&quot;для / на одного человека&quot; — When to use &quot;на&quot; or &quot;для&quot;, respectively, in the sense of &quot;for&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13185" CreationDate="2016-09-23T10:15:01.093" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;На with Accusative &#xA;Shows a quantitative measure of something &#xA;указывает количественную меру чего-либо &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Товару на сто рублей. ◆ Аренда на два года. ◆ Рыба тянет на три кило.&#xA;  Комната на одного человека.--A room (meant )for one person (describing the room ) Комната для одного человека (describing the purpose I want to live alone in this room ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-09-23T10:15:01.093" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13187" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13185" CreationDate="2016-09-23T13:32:07.067" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use the both variants, but the first one is ambiguous. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сколько стоит комната для одного человека?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This can mean &quot;How much is the room for a &lt;em&gt;certain&lt;/em&gt; man (whom I know)?&quot; Because the word for &quot;one&quot; can be used in a sense similar to &quot;one friend of me&quot;, &quot;one colleague of me&quot;, in place of &quot;certain&quot;. So this may be understood as&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How much is the room for one important man?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another meaning this phrase can have is &quot;How much is the room which is intended for one person?&quot; Implying that you maybe want to live there in greater number, you just want a room that is designed for one man. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Third meaning this phrase can have is that it implies that the same room costs differently for one person and for several ones. So you are asking &quot;How much is this room for a sole man as opposed to several payers&quot;. Even if they do not intend to live there the room may cost more or less if you are together as a group. This may imply &quot;Sorry, I am not alone in this hotel today, but what if I were alone, would it be cheaper?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сколько стоит комната на одного человека?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does not have such ambiguity. It clearly means you are asking how much is this room for one person to occupy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сколько стоит комната для одного человека?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in this sense looks like a calque from English to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-10-02T13:34:43.280" LastActivityDate="2016-10-02T13:34:43.280" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13188" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-23T22:14:31.180" Score="3" ViewCount="325" Body="&lt;p&gt;My father used to use word in regards to blacks, and not in a nice way. I am spelling it I know chorni is black but what about chornata (чернота)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7823" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-09-29T08:02:35.693" LastActivityDate="2016-10-05T08:03:20.447" Title="Chornata (чернота) what is it?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2016-09-26T15:13:52.557" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13188" CreationDate="2016-09-24T03:48:09.640" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Чернота is a noun from the adjective &lt;em&gt;black&lt;/em&gt;, (&lt;em&gt;blackness&lt;/em&gt;). It can name either a very deep black colour or &lt;em&gt;darkness&lt;/em&gt;. There is also a meaning &lt;em&gt;frailty&lt;/em&gt; used figuratively which is considered archaic nowadays. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чернота цвета. Чернота волос. Чернота души.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-09-24T03:48:09.640" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13188" CreationDate="2016-09-24T06:52:34.777" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чернотА&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It indeed can be applied to black people or any group of people with dark skin as a collective term in a demeaning sense and also with the stress being shifted to the second syllable to add a more scornful connotation &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чернОта&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the stress in the second variant could be a result of Ukrainian influence, so not sure whether it's common in other versions of the Russian language&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;like in &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;быдлОта&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-09-24T14:43:13.100" LastActivityDate="2016-09-24T14:43:13.100" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13191" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-09-24T12:36:46.717" Score="3" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, when we want someone to direct their gaze in a certain direction in order to take a photo, for example, or to see a specific angle of their face, we tell them to &lt;strong&gt;look over here&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;look that way&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;look at me&lt;/strong&gt;, etc. Can &lt;strong&gt;(по)смотреть&lt;/strong&gt; (or (an)other &lt;strong&gt;*смотр&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;*гляд&lt;/strong&gt; verb(s)) be used in this way, or is there a more idiomatic way to express this in Russian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-09-24T19:35:18.767" Title="Different nuances of the verb LOOK" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13191" CreationDate="2016-09-24T12:47:08.037" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;глядеть&lt;/code&gt; is too dialectic and means rather &lt;code&gt;to stare in order to perceive&lt;/code&gt; and not with a kind of a blank disinterested stare, therefore not&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;посмотреть&lt;/code&gt; is OK like in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;смотри на меня&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as well as &lt;code&gt;повернуть голову&lt;/code&gt; (towards certain direction or object) for taking a shot&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2016-09-24T12:47:08.037" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13191" CreationDate="2016-09-24T14:43:18.590" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To make someone look in the certain direction verbs of the root -смотр- and -гляд- can be used. The most often used here will be &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;смотреть&lt;/a&gt; like &quot;посмотри вот туда&quot;, &quot;смотри, как красиво&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;СМОТРЕТЬ&lt;/strong&gt;, смотрю, смотришь; смотренный; &lt;em&gt;несов&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  1. &lt;em&gt;на кого-что и на что.&lt;/em&gt;  Направлять взгляд, чтобы увидеть кого-что-н., глядеть.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Смотреть на собеседника.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Смотри в окно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a collocation &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ozhegov.com/words/33261.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;смотровая площадка&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, which means &quot;площадка для осмотра местности&quot; (a viewing area).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Посмотреть&lt;/em&gt; can also be used in that same sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Глядеть&lt;/a&gt; is another way of directing someone's gaze; although in some cases it may sound as a bit deprecated, it has mostly &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ozhegov.com/words/5764.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the same meaning&lt;/a&gt;. A way to use it is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Взгляни, какой красивый вид! &lt;em&gt;Look what a beautiful view!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other ways to express something like admire; they may depend on situation, used vocabulary and society. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Полюбуйтесь, каков вид!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Только взгляните, до чего красиво!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1674" LastActivityDate="2016-09-24T14:43:18.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7704" CreationDate="2016-09-24T16:34:41.987" Score="-7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Разбирая этимологию слов, иногда попадаешь на слова, которые в своем происхождении имеют нормальный смысл, а в принятом ныне толковании неприличны, или наоборот.  Чтобы понять этимологию слова, следует подобрать максимальное количество похожих слов и не только в русском языке, но и в других индоевропейских языках и попытаться понять, какой же смысл их всех объединяет. Возьмем, к примеру , простое русское слово « дупло». Откуда это слово взялось? Подбираем похожие по звучанию слова:&#xA;-du(литовское)- два;&#xA;-дубль- второй экз. чего-то;&#xA;-дуплет-выстрел одновременно из двух стволов ружья- двухстволки;&#xA;-дупель-двойная кость домино ( пусто-пусто, пять-пять.и т.д.)&#xA;-dupa( польский яз., русский аналог , простите, жопа)- т.е. двуединая конструкция.&#xA;А, теперь, на что похоже дупло, особенно не очень большое? Да на выход прямой кишки! Присмотритесь и Вы убедитесь, что слово « дупло» происходит от слова « dupa» (жопа), а последнее от слова « два». А дальше начинается юмор: истолкуйте фразу:» у меня в зубе дупло!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7825" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-12T06:19:50.087" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T06:19:50.087" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13191" CreationDate="2016-09-24T19:35:18.767" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most commom verbs meaning &quot;look here, at me&quot;are &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;смотри&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt;смотрите сюда&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;посмотрите сюда&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are inviting to look at something, you say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;смотри-ка&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt;посмотри на это&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt;глянь сюда&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt;глянь-ка на него&lt;/em&gt; (very colloquial ) &lt;em&gt;взгляни&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt;взгляните на это&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt;гляди&lt;/em&gt; (often used by people in villages,but rarely in cities now),&lt;em&gt;погляди на него&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When someone takes pictures, he usually says,especially to children:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Внимание,сейчас вылетит птичка!&lt;/em&gt;(When you say 'Say &quot;cheese&quot;!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-09-24T19:35:18.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13196" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13197" CreationDate="2016-09-25T10:55:45.020" Score="12" ViewCount="376" Body="&lt;p&gt;In terms of expressing &lt;em&gt;ten&lt;/em&gt;, what's the difference between &lt;strong&gt;десять&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;десятка&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;десяток&lt;/strong&gt;? I understand the first is a numeral and the other two are nouns, but I'm curious in which contexts each are used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, in the sentence &lt;strong&gt;Он сыграл в кино десятки ролей&lt;/strong&gt;, is десятки a declension of десятка or десяток?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastActivityDate="2016-09-27T11:30:12.237" Title="Express &quot;ten&quot; in Russian: difference between десять, десятка, десяток" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13196" CreationDate="2016-09-25T11:59:05.313" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Десятка&lt;/strong&gt; - typically, an informal reference to something &lt;em&gt;numbered 10&lt;/em&gt; (like a bus following route 10) or about a &lt;em&gt;10 ruble banknote&lt;/em&gt; (in the past, when it mattered more) - now it can sometimes informally mean 10 thousand rubles; inform. about sentencing to 10 years of imprisonment (ему дали &quot;десятку&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Десяток&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;10 pieces&lt;/em&gt; (similar to &lt;em&gt;a dozen&lt;/em&gt; eggs etc.), &lt;em&gt;10 years of age&lt;/em&gt; in expressions like &quot;ему уже седьмой &lt;em&gt;десяток&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (he's already in his 60's), also about approximate length in time (прошёл/пройдёт десяток лет - один или более десятков); mathematically, &lt;em&gt;десятки&lt;/em&gt; (plural) - the position of &lt;em&gt;tens&lt;/em&gt; in a number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. In &lt;em&gt;&quot;Он сыграл в кино десятки ролей&quot;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;десятки&lt;/strong&gt; из the plural of десят&lt;strong&gt;ок&lt;/strong&gt; in accusative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2016-09-26T10:15:01.977" LastActivityDate="2016-09-26T10:15:01.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13196" CreationDate="2016-09-25T14:06:03.223" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also, in the sentence &lt;strong&gt;Он сыграл в кино десятки ролей&lt;/strong&gt;, is десятки a&#xA;  declension of десятка or десяток?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;this is a declined &lt;code&gt;десяток&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;десятки&lt;/code&gt; is never meant in a literal sense of quantity but just used to indicate &lt;code&gt;great amount&lt;/code&gt; within certain limits, in this case under 100&lt;br&gt;&#xA;in this usage, as Alex_ander has noted, it's better to be understood as idiomatic &lt;code&gt;dozens&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;likewise &lt;code&gt;cотни&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;тысячи&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;десятки тысяч&lt;/code&gt; and so on&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;at the same time &lt;code&gt;десяток&lt;/code&gt; and nouns just listed can indicate a precise number if appended by a numeral&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Он сыграл в кино &lt;em&gt;два десятка&lt;/em&gt; ролей&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or express uncertainty about the accuracy of the number (quantity) if followed by one (this is a case of a more general syntactic rule)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Он сыграл в кино &lt;em&gt;десятка два&lt;/em&gt; ролей&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so in an attempt to summarize it might be said that &lt;strong&gt;десятка&lt;/strong&gt; (and any other numeral cognate noun ending with &lt;code&gt;-ка&lt;/code&gt; such as &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;тройка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;семёрка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;двадцатка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;пятидесятка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; and so on) can be applied to something solid and indivisible, whereas &lt;strong&gt;десяток&lt;/strong&gt; - to a set of separate items of one kind&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the difference may be exemplified with the following sentence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я купил десяток (штук) десяток = Я купил десять (штук) десяток &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where the 2nd &lt;code&gt;десятка&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;an item numbered 10&lt;/code&gt;, for example a spool of sewing thread size 10, and so the entire sentence means &lt;code&gt;I've bought ten items of the (number) 10&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-09-25T18:54:47.473" LastActivityDate="2016-09-25T18:54:47.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13199" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13196" CreationDate="2016-09-25T17:48:10.757" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;ДЕСЯТКА  noun (colloquial ) feminine.&#xA;1.The name of the number &quot;ten&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.colloquial. The name of means of transport (a bus, a tram ) which  has number 10&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Какой автобус тут ходит?--Десятка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bull's-eye (sports )--a black central circle  --десятка,&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;An idiom попасть в десятку--To hit on the right nail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.A ten--rouble coin--десятка. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A card The ten of spades--десятка пик,the ten of hearts-- десятка червей.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ДЕСЯТОК A noun, masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ten things ( like a dozen ) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Десяток пирожных.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.Ten years of age. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ему пошёл шестой десяток.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.A group of ten people. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Десяток ребят.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.in mathematics, tens --тысячи, сотни, десятки, единицы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5 a score of  десятка два людей &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Idioms&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не робкого десятка --he is brave.&#xA;  Добрый десяток лет.--over a decade. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-09-27T11:30:12.237" LastActivityDate="2016-09-27T11:30:12.237" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13188" CreationDate="2016-09-26T07:49:41.857" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to all other answers, here is the list of other derogatory terms created in the same manner. First I thought it is rather new invention, but remembered at least one example from USSR times (лимита), so it has longer history. All these terms mean &quot;a group of people&quot; or &quot;a person, typical example of a group of people&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Темнота́&lt;/strong&gt; - comes from &quot;темный человек&quot; - ignorance, backwardness&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Простота́&lt;/strong&gt; - can be used both for silliness; innocence - &quot;Ваня, Ваня, простота - купил лошадь без хвоста&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Лимита́&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - comes from Soviet term &quot;лимитчик&quot; - a unskilled worker, that got a &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;лимитная прописка&lt;/a&gt;&quot; (allowance to work in a city, existed from 50ies till 80ies) because they were needed by factories or other organizations in the city, while most locals had a good education. These persons had limited rights compared to other citizens and wanted to get full registration (e.g. by marriage). Looks like this phenomenon become a big problem around 1971.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Гопота́&lt;/strong&gt; - comes from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopnik&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;гопник&lt;/a&gt; - &quot;pejorative term and a social slur used in Russia, post-Soviet countries, and Israel to refer to aggressive young lower-class suburban male dwellers (usually under 30 years of age) coming from families of poor education and income&quot;. Гопник is rather old word (at least 50 years older than лимитчик), but it is unclear to me when гопота first appeared.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Быдлота&lt;/strong&gt; - comes from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;быдло&lt;/a&gt; - &quot;(derogatory) rabble; uncultured or stupid people&quot;. Seems like this is rather new term, since it does not appear in Ruscorpora and Wiktionary at all.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Школота́&lt;/strong&gt; - comes from &quot;школьник&quot; - this is internet-era term, which describes an internet user (most of the time it is a teenager) that posts meaningless messages on forums, etc. full of excitement or hatred (like 'xxx sucks!' or 'yyy is awesome!').&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://argo.academic.ru/3180/%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Мразота&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - comes from &quot;мразь&quot; -  scum of the earth.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Also there are number of words that describe poor people: &lt;strong&gt;беднота&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;нищета&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;голота&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;босота&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it is possible, that &quot;чернота&quot; is built using the same scheme and will mean &quot;a person from group черные with possible derogatory connotation&quot;. It is interesting to note, however, that in Russia &quot;черный&quot; is in fact derogatory term, but not for africans, but for people that come from Caucasus region (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/2774/551&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-10-05T08:03:20.447" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12381" CreationDate="2016-10-01T15:59:57.270" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;i disagree with the chosen response, its example phrases although understandable diverge from the standard usage and good style&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in my opinion the rule is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A. when two numerals call for the same noun but in different numbers (sing. &amp;amp; pl.), only the first one is spelled out whereas the second is implied&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ex. 1: один или два (год?)(года?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;(один) год или два&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;B. when two numerals call for different nouns, both nouns are spelled out&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ex. 2: три или пять (года?)(лет?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;три года или пять лет&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and also it's important to remember that a Russian noun for the word &lt;code&gt;year&lt;/code&gt; varies depending on the declension of a numeral&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;N - *1 &lt;code&gt;год&lt;/code&gt;, *2 - *4 &lt;code&gt;гОда&lt;/code&gt;, *5 - *9 and round numbers &lt;code&gt;лет&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;G - *1 &lt;code&gt;гОда&lt;/code&gt;, *2 and onwards &lt;code&gt;лет&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;D - *1 &lt;code&gt;гОду&lt;/code&gt;, *2 and onwards &lt;code&gt;годАм&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;А = N&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I - *1 &lt;code&gt;гОдом&lt;/code&gt;, *2 and onwards &lt;code&gt;годАми&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;P - *1 &lt;code&gt;гОде&lt;/code&gt;, *2 and onwards &lt;code&gt;годАх&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;L(ocative) *1 &lt;code&gt;годУ&lt;/code&gt;, *2 and onwards &lt;code&gt;годАх&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-10-03T18:38:58.900" LastActivityDate="2016-10-03T18:38:58.900" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13202" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13208" CreationDate="2016-10-01T19:12:44.110" Score="5" ViewCount="895" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am wondering about ethimology of an idiom  &quot;Глаз на жопу натянуть&quot;, which literally means &quot;Pull an eye onto ass&quot;. Surfing through the internet I have found that it was used in Shirli-Myrli [Ширли-мырли], but I am interested in the true nature of this idiom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6944" LastActivityDate="2016-10-06T14:19:48.870" Title="History of &quot;Глаз на жопу натянуть&quot; idiom" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13204" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-03T08:08:58.020" Score="3" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;This a follow-up to a previous question of mine, because I realized that the phenomenon is more general: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/13068/parts-of-speech-in-the-question-%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE&quot;&gt;Parts of speech in the question &amp;quot;Чей это ...?&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; Why is the word order for such questions sometimes like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;это -- (&lt;em&gt;adjectival pronoun&lt;/em&gt;) (&lt;em&gt;noun&lt;/em&gt;)?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. &quot; (&lt;em&gt;subject&lt;/em&gt;) -- (&lt;em&gt;predicate&lt;/em&gt;)?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for example, &quot;Это -- твоё письмо?&quot; &quot;Это -- ваш преподаватель?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but other times the word order is inverted, in a way which seems illogical:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;(&lt;em&gt;adjectival pronoun&lt;/em&gt;) это (&lt;em&gt;noun&lt;/em&gt;)?    &quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. &quot;(&lt;em&gt;predicate part 1&lt;/em&gt;) (&lt;em&gt;subject&lt;/em&gt;) (&lt;em&gt;predicate part 2&lt;/em&gt;)?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for example, &quot;Чей это карандаш?&quot; &quot;Какой это журнал?&quot; &quot;Какой он студент?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;More  context:&lt;/strong&gt; Wouldn't a word order like &quot;Это -- чей карандаш?&quot; &quot;Это -- какой журнал?&quot; &quot;Он -- какой студент?&quot; be (1) more consistent (2) more logical? Or even &quot;Чей карандаш -- это?&quot; &quot;Какой журнал -- это?&quot; &quot;Какой студент -- он?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And why does this &quot;splitting&quot; of phrases involving adjectival pronouns happen only when the adjectival pronoun is in the predicate? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does not seem to happen when it is in the subject. For example &quot;Какой журнал лежит там?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we had the same type of splitting that occurs elsewhere, it seems like we would have something like &quot;Какой лежит там журнал?&quot; instead, which is clearly illogical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2017-11-30T22:23:22.380" Title="Word order in questions with adjectival (determinative) pronouns" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13204" CreationDate="2016-10-03T10:20:58.447" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Question words almost always come at the beginning. And if English is your native language then it's useful to think how we would ask such a question. What kind of student is he? In many cases the order is exactly opposite (because important info comes at the end of a sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;What kind of Student is he?&quot; He is less important than student, so it comes before студент.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;какой он студент?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2017-11-30T22:23:22.380" LastActivityDate="2017-11-30T22:23:22.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13204" CreationDate="2016-10-03T10:44:32.863" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like you to read the answers on this question which seems to be similar to yours &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/13147/order-of-adverbs-and-position-of-subject&quot;&gt;Order of adverbs and position of subject&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word order in a Russian sentence is very flexible. You shouldn't compare it to the English one.Both &lt;strong&gt;чей это карандаш?&quot; and &quot; это чей карандаш?&lt;/strong&gt; would work.The third variant &lt;strong&gt;чей карандаш это?&lt;/strong&gt; is also possible and grammatical but it emphasizes the word &quot;это&quot;, not &quot;карандаш&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sentences with copula verbs are very flexible.The same can be done with action verbs.I think I should mark the stress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;какой&lt;/strong&gt; журнал лежит там? &lt;strong&gt;Какой&lt;/strong&gt; там лежит журнал? &lt;strong&gt;Какой&lt;/strong&gt; лежит журнал там? Журнал там &lt;strong&gt;какой&lt;/strong&gt; лежит? Журнал там лежит &lt;strong&gt;какой&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;strong&gt;Лежит&lt;/strong&gt;1  там &lt;strong&gt;какой&lt;/strong&gt;2 журнал?(the meaning is slightly different &quot;is there any magazine?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if we stress &quot;какой&quot;,the meaning is the same as in the previous sentences. &#xA;All sentences are fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-10-03T13:19:24.990" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11568" CreationDate="2016-10-03T11:57:49.793" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;And keep in mind that inverting the neutral word order of topic/comment (as described above) can make a statement more &quot;emotive&quot; - for expressing impatience, enthusiasm, or just a more informal tone. It's all very sensitive to context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastActivityDate="2016-10-03T11:57:49.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13202" CreationDate="2016-10-03T13:42:18.883" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sentence is not an idiom but an example of argot (slang belonging to some social groups (outlaws, youngsters, etc.) Found in several dictionaries of Russian argot. Here's one of them:&#xA;Большой словарь русских поговорок → Глаз на ж... (на задницу) натянуть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Глаз на ж... (на задницу) натянуть кому. Вульг.-прост.  Vulgar. &lt;strong&gt;Сильно избить, наказать кого-л.  To punish, beat somebody (a threat)&lt;/strong&gt;. СПП 2001, 24; Вахитов 2003, 109; Подюков 1989, 128; Мокиенко, Никитина 2003, 103. Since most of the words originate from outlaws  I doubt that we can find any further information. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-10-06T14:19:48.870" LastActivityDate="2016-10-06T14:19:48.870" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13209" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13210" CreationDate="2016-10-03T17:12:35.573" Score="2" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am wondering how you translate the word &quot;then&quot; as it is used in the following sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If he can do it, &lt;strong&gt;then&lt;/strong&gt; I can do it, too.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you don't like this place, &lt;strong&gt;then&lt;/strong&gt; why are you here?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-10-03T17:25:32.417" Title="Translation of &quot;then&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13209" CreationDate="2016-10-03T17:25:32.417" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;We say тогда in both sentences. Or you can use &lt;em&gt;то&lt;/em&gt; instead &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если он может это делать, тогда(то) и я смогу тоже. Если тебе не нравится это место,тогда (то) почему ты здесь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-10-03T17:25:32.417" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13204" CreationDate="2016-10-03T20:05:06.610" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm native speaker. First thing first, that dash after это looks pretty rare/weird to me. You may just skip it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer your question I would just make a parallel with English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is your teacher.&#xA;Is it your teacher?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whose pencil is this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какой, чей are question words (like whose, which etc). &quot;Это&quot; is &quot;it is&quot; - &quot;это есть&quot;. &quot;Есть (быть)&quot; is just omitted in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who is this person? - Кто этот человек? =&gt; &quot;Кто есть этот человек?&quot; -- you NEVER say &quot;есть&quot; in normal speech, it sounds very oldish but may be used in funny way. &quot;to be&quot; (быть) is kind of in the back of your mind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Чей карандаш -- это?&quot; &quot;Какой журнал -- это?&quot; &quot;Какой студент -- он?&quot; sounds very-very wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about word order. Particular one will emphasize particular word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Какой журнал лежит ТАМ?&quot; -&gt; and I think that person will point somewhere&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;КАКОЙ лежит там журнал?&quot; -&gt; I think perhaps the person asking didn't hear well or perhaps is just shocked with kind of magazine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Какой там ЖУРНАЛ лежит?&quot; -&gt; perhaps person asking can see more things on the table but is asking about magazine specifically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7859" LastActivityDate="2016-10-03T20:05:06.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13212" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13112" CreationDate="2016-10-03T20:28:34.307" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;That is speech defect. &quot;Р&quot; is a hard sound. When I was a child I had problems pronouncing it. It sounded like &quot;ЭЛ&quot; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say that guy in the video &quot;картавит&quot;. Infinitive &quot;картавить&quot;.&#xA;&quot;Ротацизм&quot; sounds like diagnosis to me and honestly that is the first time I see the word in my life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7859" LastActivityDate="2016-10-03T20:28:34.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12976" CreationDate="2016-10-03T20:48:20.603" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Они – двойняшки, но сестра более активная, чем брат.&#xA;Они – двойняшки, но сестра активнее брата.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both make perfect sence. There is no difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сегодня день теплее, чем вчера. Мороженое с клубникой вкуснее, чем с вишней.&#xA;Сегодня день теплее вчерашнего. Мороженое с клубникой вкуснее вишневого.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should really use the one you prefer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7859" LastActivityDate="2016-10-03T20:48:20.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13215" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13218" CreationDate="2016-10-05T13:07:56.467" Score="7" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw the following exchange:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Будешь поступать в институт? &#xA;  - &lt;strong&gt;Куда мне&lt;/strong&gt;, мне б в училище поступить&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since there's no question mark, I'm led to believe that куда мне is rhetorical here, and quite possibly an idiom. (Also, I admit, I don't really know what the second sentence means). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-10-06T07:18:16.493" Title="Meaning of куда мне" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13215" CreationDate="2016-10-05T13:20:39.537" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right, &lt;code&gt;куда мне&lt;/code&gt; (and also &lt;code&gt;куда ему&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;куда им&lt;/code&gt; etc) is an idiom that means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'm not &lt;em&gt;good&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;smart&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;skilled&lt;/em&gt; enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the second sentence could be translated as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'm not &lt;em&gt;smart&lt;/em&gt; enough for the university. I hope to enter the trade school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-10-05T13:20:39.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13215" CreationDate="2016-10-05T13:22:00.597" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Куда&lt;/em&gt; with dative (&lt;em&gt;куда мне&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;куда тебе&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;куда им&lt;/em&gt;) is used to sceptically express doubts. In your example it can be translated as &quot;(I think) I am not able to do it, I would be happy to be admitted to professional college&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-10-05T13:22:00.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13215" CreationDate="2016-10-05T13:25:48.623" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Куда&lt;/strong&gt; as a particle may ironically express a negation, doubt, or impossibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may be translated as a rhetorical question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Болею уже несколько дней: &lt;strong&gt;куда там&lt;/strong&gt; работать!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;I've been sick for several days. How can I work?!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Куда же мне петь! Голоса нет.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;How can I sing? I have no voice!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6602" LastEditorUserId="5897" LastEditDate="2016-10-06T07:18:16.493" LastActivityDate="2016-10-06T07:18:16.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13215" CreationDate="2016-10-05T18:30:34.300" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Куда a particle, colloquial, used with pronouns in the Dative (куда мне, куда ему, куда нам, etc.) expresses &lt;strong&gt;doubt, scepticism&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;куда тебе&lt;/strong&gt; до него! &lt;strong&gt;you will never be able to do&lt;/strong&gt; it like him!&#xA;  куда мне, мне б в училище поступить.--I am not so clever(I can't do it), I would be happy to enter a vocational school.&#xA;  Куда мне in general means that my level is not very high to get,to reach something. Or I am not able due to circumstances to do something. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-10-06T02:09:37.523" LastActivityDate="2016-10-06T02:09:37.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13221" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13222" CreationDate="2016-10-07T11:19:23.893" Score="1" ViewCount="1064" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слова &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;дюжий&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;недужный&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; близки или далеки с точки зрения этимологии?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2016-10-07T15:28:05.177" LastActivityDate="2016-10-07T15:28:05.177" Title="Слова &quot;дюжий&quot; и &quot;недужный&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;семантика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13221" CreationDate="2016-10-07T11:49:09.493" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9#.D0.AD.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Близки&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Происходит от сущ. недуг, из праслав. , от кот. в числе прочего&#xA;  произошли: ст.-слав. недѫгъ (νόσος, νόσημα; Клоц., Супр.), русск.&#xA;  недуг, болг. недъ́г, чешск., словацк. neduh — то же; &lt;strong&gt;связано с -дуг,&#xA;  дюжий&lt;/strong&gt;, ср. чешск. duh «процветание, удача», словацк. duh «сила»,&#xA;  польск. dążyć «стремиться, поспевать за кем-либо»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-10-07T11:49:09.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13223" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-07T19:27:20.107" Score="4" ViewCount="68" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a contextual difference between раздражать (кого-то) and досаждать (кому-то)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T06:55:24.177" Title="Is there a contextual difference between раздражать (кого-то) and досаждать (кому-то)?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13223" CreationDate="2016-10-07T19:40:44.150" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;yes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;досаждать&lt;/code&gt; is a deliberate action, that is &lt;code&gt;to harass&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;to molest&lt;/code&gt; and it doesn't necessarily indicate the actual emotional response of the object&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;раздражать&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;to annoy&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;to irritate&lt;/code&gt; involuntary by one's natural demeanor or qualities, where the object is clearly emotionally disturbed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-10-08T06:55:24.177" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T06:55:24.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13225" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-07T22:32:41.160" Score="1" ViewCount="484" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between using &quot;Прежде чем я ушёл....&quot; and &quot;До того как я ушёл&quot;?&#xA;I'm fascinated by fine nuances and idiosyncracies and I have noticed that kavkaz people seem to favor &quot;зачем&quot; instead of &quot;почему&quot; (and some other things when they use mat). Do any of the other former republics have any peculiarities that distinguish themselves from Russian speakers actually from Russia? (like how Ukrainians will say &quot;шо /шё&quot; instead oh &quot;что / чё&quot;). Any help would be greatly appreciated. I mean no disrespect to anyone and truly value any insider insight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T18:05:29.953" Title="difference between прежде чем and до того как" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13225" CreationDate="2016-10-08T00:02:55.050" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This answer is for the first question, about the difference between &quot;прежде чем&quot; and &quot;до того, как&quot;. All the rest is to be moved to a seperate question, because the topics are really different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;До того, как&lt;/strong&gt; is used just to express that some event happened before the other one. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дождь начался еще до того, как я вышел из дома.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;It started to rain before I left my home.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;До того, как я пришел, ничего интересного не происходило.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nothing interesting was going on before I came.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Прежде чем&lt;/strong&gt; is used when there is a sequence of &lt;em&gt;interconnected&lt;/em&gt; actions, where one preceeds (or should preceed) the other because of certain reason, not just randomly, and the fact of interconnection is important for the speaker. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она погасила свет, прежде чем лечь спать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;She turned off the light before going to bed.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прежде чем жарить картошку, нужно налить масла на сковороду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The pan should be oiled before frying potatoes.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дважды подумай, прежде чем лезть в драку!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Think twice before putting up a fight!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="6725" LastEditDate="2016-10-08T18:05:29.953" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T18:05:29.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13227" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-08T02:43:29.870" Score="1" ViewCount="77" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between : У меня́ бы́ло немно́го рабо́ты  and  У меня́ не́ было мно́го рабо́ты. ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T17:40:05.427" Title="What's the difference between : У меня́ бы́ло немно́го рабо́ты and У меня́ не́ было мно́го рабо́ты.?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13227" CreationDate="2016-10-08T04:43:07.327" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;У меня́ бы́ло немно́го рабо́ты = I had some work to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня́ не́ было мно́го рабо́ты. = I had quite a lot of spare time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T04:43:07.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13227" CreationDate="2016-10-08T05:14:58.290" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is the same as in other languages using different types of negation. Negation usually emphasizes the following  word.  When the verb is positive &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня было немного работы&lt;/em&gt;(I had little work )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the focus is on the &lt;strong&gt;amount&lt;/strong&gt; of work, that you still worked though not much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the verb is negative&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня не было много работы&lt;/em&gt;(I didn't have much work, I didn't work much), &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it means you weren't busy much. The focus is on the &lt;strong&gt;action&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-10-08T17:40:05.427" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T17:40:05.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13230" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13231" CreationDate="2016-10-08T08:13:25.660" Score="2" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the Russian wiki page for the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&quot;All Saint's Bridge&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, it says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Представлял собой выдающееся архитектурное и инженерное сооружение, считался одним из чудес Москвы. Существовал, со значительными утратами, до 1853 года .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google Translate gives the last sentence as &quot;There, with considerable losses, up to 1853.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what does that mean? Does it mean the bridge was destroyed in 1853? If so, I don't understand what the &quot;со значительными утратами&quot; is trying to say either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5691" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T02:32:29.343" Title="What does &quot;до&quot; and &quot;со значительными утратами&quot; mean in this sentence?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13230" CreationDate="2016-10-08T09:50:42.303" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means that the bridge existed until 1853, although it had lost some major parts (probably it was damaged, or simply decayed) even before that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.openmoscow.ru/mostbolkamenny.php&quot;&gt;This site&lt;/a&gt; claims that the bridge was intentionally destroyed in 1859 due to its bad condition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T09:50:42.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13232" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-08T13:20:07.497" Score="3" ViewCount="315" Body="&lt;p&gt;how would you call a moth cutely? in german an example is lein and chen are word endings that make things cute.. or small. so hund is dog... hundchen is a cute dog.. or puppy. i know in russian the word is Mol for moth. but what word ending goes with this to make it cute?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6358" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T18:54:51.413" Title="what is a cute way to call a moth?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13233" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13238" CreationDate="2016-10-08T13:53:18.843" Score="3" ViewCount="655" Body="&lt;p&gt;Talking with a russian friend of mine about russian nicknames she said that if you add a letter 'к' to the persons official nickname it means you don't like that person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example for Александр the nickname is Саша and if you don't happen to like this person you call him Сашка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a common practise and does this work with every nickname? For example it would seem hard to add к to катя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7881" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T18:42:31.933" Title="Nickname for person you don't like" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13234" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13232" CreationDate="2016-10-08T14:12:48.830" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A moth has several meanings: &lt;strong&gt;моль&lt;/strong&gt; is an insect which we don't like much for spoiling (making holes)in fur,wool,etc. So I don't think we have a diminutive word for it.&#xA;But the second meaning is &lt;strong&gt;мотылёк&lt;/strong&gt;,a sort of a little butterfly and it sounds the way you need.In general we use suffixes for that purpose:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;птица--птичка,цветок--цветочек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-10-08T17:38:35.063" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T17:38:35.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13235" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-08T14:18:27.450" Score="2" ViewCount="88" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any clear identifiers in speech that people from the former republics make / have / use when theyre speaking? For instance, I have noticed that certain republics pronounce &quot;что&quot; like &quot;чи-то&quot; &quot;шо / шё&quot;, and others trill/roll their r's more forcefully and longer than &quot;standard&quot; Russian, per se.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T04:25:10.210" Title="different former republics' pronunciation" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13232" CreationDate="2016-10-08T14:21:05.843" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;if by &lt;code&gt;moth&lt;/code&gt; you mean &lt;code&gt;a butterfly (бабочка)&lt;/code&gt; and not &lt;code&gt;a moth (моль)&lt;/code&gt; whos larvae subsist on clothes, then the phonetic pattern the word &lt;code&gt;бабочка&lt;/code&gt; is formed by already has the feminine diminutive-affectionate suffіx &lt;code&gt;-чка&lt;/code&gt;, so can't be any cuter than it already is :^)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;another such suffix mostly for feminine nouns is &lt;code&gt;-(нь)ка&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-уля&lt;/code&gt;, mostly for masculine nouns &lt;code&gt;-ок/ёк&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ик&lt;/code&gt;, a rather ancient fossil suffix &lt;code&gt;-ушк&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мама - мАмочка, мамУля&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мать - мАтушка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;собака - собАчка, (colloquial) собАнька&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пёс - пЁсик&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for adjectives and adverbs &lt;code&gt;-еньк/оньк-&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;малый - мAленький, мАхонький&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;красный - крАсненький&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;легко - легOнько&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мало - малЕнько&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and for personal names, along with the aforementioned, these are: colloquial &lt;code&gt;-юня/юся&lt;/code&gt;, more normative &lt;code&gt;-аша/юша&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Андрей - АндрЮня, АндрЮша&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Коля - КолЮня, КОленька&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Боря - БорЮся, БОренька&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наталья - НатАша&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Любовь, Люба - ЛюбАша, ЛюбОк, ЛЮбочка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таня - ТанЮша, ТАнечка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Света - СветУля, СвЕтик, СвЕточка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-10-08T18:54:51.413" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T18:54:51.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13233" CreationDate="2016-10-08T14:23:59.133" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Катя - Катька&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it's either to express a dislike or extreme familiarity bordering disregard&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T14:23:59.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13233" CreationDate="2016-10-08T14:26:31.787" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Саша--Сашка, Катя--Катька, Оля--Олька, Витя--Витька.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should take a short name,Саша (from Александр),Катя(from Екатерина)and add a suffix &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt;. If the name ends with a soft ending, put &lt;strong&gt;ь&lt;/strong&gt; before &lt;em&gt;к&lt;/em&gt;. It doesn't really mean you don't like the person, it means you don't respect them much. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-10-08T18:42:31.933" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T18:42:31.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13235" CreationDate="2016-10-08T14:37:35.947" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ukrainian Russian is the only clearly identifiable one, a language variety unto itself somewhat like Irish English (and not to be confused with the Ukrainian &lt;em&gt;language&lt;/em&gt; in the same way you also have an Irish language, although Ukrainian is better compared to Scots in terms of similarity). A significant number of people from Kazakhstan, including ethnic Kazakhs fluent in Russian, have Southern Russian vowel patterns (&lt;strong&gt;сказал&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;[skə'zal]&lt;/code&gt; rather than &lt;code&gt;[skɐ'zal]&lt;/code&gt;), but that's not consistent. Any other differences would register as a foreign accent or, if they're minor ones, pass under the radar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T14:37:35.947" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13233" CreationDate="2016-10-08T15:57:42.847" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This particle is used as diminutive and not only for names but for any object, for instance, короб - коробок. In case of name it's a diminutive in sense of age or social status, but it doesn't always imply negative connotation. It can be used among friends, colleagues or family members in informal situation. It will be considered derogatory only if context implies use of more formal addressing, for instance, employee addressing to his boss.  So, in general it's the most informal way in the line of context formality from the most formal to the most informal: first name with patronymic (Александр Сергеевич), first name (Александр), diminutive of first name (Саша), diminutive of first name with 'к' (Сашка). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7819" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T15:57:42.847" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13241" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-08T17:00:07.793" Score="4" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had previously known words for vessels that move on the water like корабль and лодка, but recently came across судно.  It was quite surprising that н, which is not a final consonant, disappears in all the plural cases: суда, судов, судам, судами, судах. Are there other words where an interior consonant disappears in many declensions (without the word fundamentally changing, so человек-&gt;люди isn't an example of what I'm asking about)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am aware that the н is retained in the plural declensions when судно has the meaning of &quot;bedpan&quot; instead of &quot;ship,&quot; and maybe these two different meanings are in some way an explanation for the phenomenon of the disappearing н in the plural, but since the two words seem to be identical in the singular I don't understand how they came to be treated differently only in the plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2016-10-09T17:12:46.447" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T17:12:46.447" Title="Declensions with non-ending consonant removed: судно,...?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;согласные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13241" CreationDate="2016-10-08T17:29:01.557" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://lingvoforum.net/index.php?topic=28763.0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this forum thread&lt;/a&gt; (Russian), &lt;strong&gt;суда&lt;/strong&gt; is a suppletive plural much like &lt;strong&gt;люди&lt;/strong&gt;, albeit from the same root. The plural forms come from &lt;strong&gt;суд&lt;/strong&gt;, in its Old Russian meaning of &quot;vessel&quot; (which is also the literal translation of &lt;strong&gt;судно&lt;/strong&gt;, albeit in the narrow nautical sense).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I must say I'm not quite satisfied with how the question of the nom. pl. &lt;strong&gt;суда&lt;/strong&gt; is waved away there (&quot;we've discussed this before&quot;). I'm not sure pointing to other &lt;code&gt;-а&lt;/code&gt; plurals of masculine nouns isn't anachronistic in this case. I'm aware, though, that the posters there are probably more qualified than me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example, also mentioned there, is &lt;strong&gt;цветок&lt;/strong&gt;–&lt;strong&gt;цветы&lt;/strong&gt;, which is, again, two nouns fused into one. &lt;strong&gt;Цвет&lt;/strong&gt; used to be the word for &quot;flower&quot; but there was obvious pressure to disambiguate it from &quot;colour&quot;. Note that the &quot;regular&quot; plural &lt;strong&gt;цветки&lt;/strong&gt; is the norm when talking about flowers in a scientific (biological) context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T17:29:01.557" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13243" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-08T19:02:51.690" Score="8" ViewCount="318" Body="&lt;p&gt;Amongst it's many meanings, I gleaned from the following sentence that it can refer to death. Is it completely synonymous with &lt;strong&gt;умереть&lt;/strong&gt; or is it nuanced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Цветы &lt;strong&gt;пропа́ли&lt;/strong&gt; от мороза.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2017-01-22T11:16:30.340" LastActivityDate="2017-01-23T12:54:52.117" Title="Usage of the verb &quot;пропа́сть&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13243" CreationDate="2016-10-08T19:41:24.000" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Погибнуть, умереть&lt;/strong&gt; - одно из нескольких значений слова &lt;strong&gt;пропасть&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Значение №5. Глагол &lt;strong&gt;пропасть&lt;/strong&gt; это ⇔ утратиться, исчезнуть; &lt;strong&gt;погибнуть&lt;/strong&gt;;&#xA;Пример употребления:&#xA;пропал голос, румянец. нигде не пропадет ( о том, Кто Ловок, находчив; разг. ). ни за грош пропал ( совершенно напрасно, зря; разг. ). с ним не пропадешь! ( все будет в порядке, Если он помогает, поддерживает; разг. );&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://yavix.ru/%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://yavix.ru/%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T19:41:24.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13243" CreationDate="2016-10-08T19:45:57.343" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's a surprising usage of &lt;strong&gt;пропасть&lt;/strong&gt;. I'm not even sure what it means exactly, that the flowers were gone (&quot;disappeared&quot;) or that they were &quot;doomed&quot;. Both are possible meanings of the verb, which is definitely not synonymous with &lt;strong&gt;умереть&lt;/strong&gt;, not least because it can also refer to going missing. &lt;strong&gt;Погибнуть&lt;/strong&gt;, to perish, is the verb one would more naturally use to refer to flowers hit by frost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most generic translation I can think of for &lt;strong&gt;пропасть&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;be lost&quot; (&lt;strong&gt;всё пропало!&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;all is lost&quot;, &lt;strong&gt;у меня пропал голос&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;I've lost my voice&quot;, etc.) When it refers to death, it's most often with the &quot;doomed&quot; or &quot;done for&quot; connotations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T19:45:57.343" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13243" CreationDate="2016-10-08T19:46:11.683" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Цветы пропали от мороза.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say that the meaning is &lt;strong&gt;died&lt;/strong&gt; but actually they were &lt;strong&gt;spoiled&lt;/strong&gt; by frost.. But the stronger verb is &lt;strong&gt;погибли&lt;/strong&gt;. If you say &lt;em&gt;погибли&lt;/em&gt; от мороза,the verbs are complete synonyms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T19:46:11.683" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13243" CreationDate="2016-10-08T20:09:56.657" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literal meaning of &lt;strong&gt;пропа́сть&lt;/strong&gt; is to disappear and other meanings are based on it. Here is description from Ozhegov dictionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;III. ПРОПА́СТЬ, -аду, -адёшь; -ал, -ала; -ади; -авший; -ав; совер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Исчезнуть неизвестно куда. Пропали нужные бумаги. П. на неделю (не приходить целую неделю).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Перестать быть видимым или слышимым. Очертания корабля пропали в тумане. Отзвуки голосов пропали в лесу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Утратиться, исчезнуть; погибнуть. Пропал голос, румянец. Нигде не пропадёт (о том, кто ловок, находчив; разг.). Ни за грош пропал&#xA;(совершенно напрасно, зря; разг.). С ним не пропадёшь! (всё будет в&#xA;порядке, если он помогает, поддерживает; разг.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(1-ое лицо и 2-е лицо не употр.). Пройти бесполезно, безрезультатно. Зря пропало время. Весь день пропал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;strong&gt;умереть&lt;/strong&gt; is used to  describe process of transition from state of life to the state of death , like in &lt;code&gt;жил человек и умер&lt;/code&gt;. In Russian language flowers do not live. That is funny because there is a phrase 'живые цветы', but it is used only to distinguish them from artificial ones and verb &lt;code&gt;жить&lt;/code&gt; is not applicable to noun &lt;code&gt;цветы&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;So, in case of цветы verbs &lt;strong&gt;умереть&lt;/strong&gt;     and &lt;strong&gt;пропа́сть&lt;/strong&gt; are not synonymous. &lt;strong&gt;пропа́сть&lt;/strong&gt; in this case synonymous to &lt;strong&gt;погибнуть&lt;/strong&gt; that has meaning of destruction as result of outer forces.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7819" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T20:09:56.657" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13243" CreationDate="2016-10-08T20:12:50.133" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;in relation to flowers and edibles it's &lt;strong&gt;to spoil, become unusable, go bad, be gone&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2016-10-08T20:12:50.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13250" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13258" CreationDate="2016-10-08T23:58:21.207" Score="2" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a preference as to when to use cardinals vs collectives when referring to groups of people with the numbers 2 and 3? I was told that collective numerals sound best with the number 2 and cardinal numbers sound best with the number 3. Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Там НЕ́ бы́ло ДВОИ́Х / ДВУХ МУЖЧИ́Н&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я помо́г ДВОИ́М / ДВУМ МУЖЧИ́НАМ по́сле рабо́ты&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ТРО́Е МУЖЧИ́Н / ТРИ МУЖЧИ́НЫ сказа́ли, что они́ меня́ ви́дели в магази́не позавчера́.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Там НЕ́ бы́ло ТРОИ́Х / ТРЁХ МУЖЧИ́Н&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ТРОИ́М  /  ТРЁМ МУЖЧИ́НАМ по́сле рабо́ты&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T11:18:39.727" Title="Collective numerals" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13251" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13252" CreationDate="2016-10-09T02:25:28.377" Score="-1" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть неориентированный граф с n вершинами и m рёбрами. Поступают запросы трёх видов: добавить ребро (x_i,y_i), удалить ребро (x_i,y_i), и проверить, связаны или нет вершины x_i и y_i путём.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если бы запросы удаления отсутствовали, то решением задачи была бы известная структура данных disjoint-set-union (система непересекающихся множеств). Однако при наличии удалений задача значительно усложняется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сделаем следующим образом. В начале каждого блока запросов посмотрим, какие рёбра в этом блоке будут удаляться, и сразу удалим их из графа. Теперь построим систему непересекающихся множеств (dsu) на полученном графе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как мы теперь должны отвечать на очередной запрос из текущего блока? Наша система непересекающихся множеств &quot;знает&quot; обо всех рёбрах, кроме тех, что добавляются/удаляются в текущем блоке. Однако удаления из dsu нам делать уже не надо — мы заранее удалили все такие рёбра из графа. Таким образом, всё, что может быть — это дополнительные, добавляющиеся рёбра, которых может быть максимум \sqrt{m} штук.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Следовательно, при ответе на текущий запрашивающий запрос мы можем просто пустить обход в ширину по компонентам связности dsu, который отработает за O(\sqrt{m}), поскольку у нас в рассмотрении будут только O(\sqrt{m}) рёбер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7882" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T06:01:36.020" Title="Can anyone please translate this text? I have tried google and yandex translator but none of them is clear" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2016-10-13T21:10:39.990" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13252" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13251" CreationDate="2016-10-09T02:58:30.660" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an undirected graph with &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; nodes and &lt;em&gt;m&lt;/em&gt; edges. We can get three types of requests: add an edge (&lt;em&gt;x_i&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt;y_i&lt;/em&gt;), delete an edge (&lt;em&gt;x_i&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt;y_i&lt;/em&gt;), and check whether or not the nodes &lt;em&gt;x_i&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;y_i&lt;/em&gt; are connected by a path.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there were no deletion requests, than the well-known data structure disjoint-set-union (a system of nonintersecting subsets) would solve the problem. However, the occurrence of deletions makes the problem far more complicated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's do the following. At the beginning of each request block we will check  which edges will be deleted in this block, and immediately delete them from the graph. Now let's build a system of nonintersecting subsets (a disjoint-set-union, DSU) on the graph we obtain. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How shall we respond to the successive requests from the current block? Our disjoint-set-union &quot;knows&quot; about all the edges except for ones that are added/deleted in the current block. But we don't need to perform deletions from the DSU, because we've already deleted all such edges from the graph. So, all we may get are new, additional edges, not more than \sqrt{&lt;em&gt;m&lt;/em&gt;}.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consequently, to respond to the currently handled request we can just launch a breadth-first search of the connected components of the DSU, that will be completed in time &lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;(\sqrt{&lt;em&gt;m&lt;/em&gt;}), because we have to deal with only &lt;em&gt;O&lt;/em&gt;(\sqrt{&lt;em&gt;m&lt;/em&gt;}) edges.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-10-09T06:01:36.020" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T06:01:36.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13250" CreationDate="2016-10-09T07:30:05.053" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;i don't know how orthodox my opinion is, but to me collective numerals rather refer to people known from earlier or who are going to be the subject, whereas cardinals accordingly refer to people spoken of in passing who are not the focus of the statement&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;when i hear &lt;code&gt;двоих мужчин&lt;/code&gt; i immediately think of two certain men i must either already know of or am going to be told about&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T07:30:05.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13254" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-09T09:32:54.253" Score="2" ViewCount="213" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do these meanings change when they are made reflexive? Does the implication change to doing something alone, somehow? Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он учился русскому (всю свою жизнь).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он учил русский (всю свою жизнь).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он убрался в квартире за час.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он убрал квартиру за час.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-09T21:03:26.433" LastActivityDate="2016-10-21T08:32:04.617" Title="Difference between &quot;учился&quot;/&quot;учил&quot;, &quot;убрался&quot;/&quot;убрал&quot; pairs" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13255" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13284" CreationDate="2016-10-09T09:57:59.990" Score="3" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've just started learning German and what strikes me with there plurals is that a word in plural can differ no only at the end but in the middle as well (die Kopf / die Köpfe, der Stuhl / die Stühle, der Wald / die Wälde).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then I've realized that in Russian we have for istance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;десна / дёсны&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;весна / вёсны&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ведро / вёдра&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бедро / бёдра&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is - is there any rule one can memorize when this is the case in Russian? If not, what is more or less full list of such words? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;UPD:&lt;/em&gt; For those who claims that this is due to ѣ/e change, can you please be more specific. For instance, words that evolved from &lt;code&gt;рѣпа&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;пѣна&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;лѣто&lt;/code&gt; do not follow this pattern. On the other hand, word &lt;code&gt;жена&lt;/code&gt; which came from &lt;code&gt;жєна&lt;/code&gt; does follow this pattern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;UPD:&lt;/em&gt;  I've just realized that it's wider than &quot;ё&quot;/&quot;е&quot;. Just like Dmitry've mentioned, we have &quot;ё&quot;/&quot;е&quot;. And actually we also have &quot;a&quot;/&quot;о&quot; (заря/зори)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T10:14:31.530" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T10:14:31.530" Title="When does &quot;e&quot; change to &quot;ё&quot; in plurals" Tags="&lt;множественное-число&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13255" CreationDate="2016-10-09T10:26:49.673" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;жена - жёны&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;звезда - звёзды&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.wordreference.com/threads/%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B5-%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5.2124709/#post-10635925&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;some people say&lt;/a&gt; that the difference stems from the form of singular with or without the obsolete letter &quot;ѣ - ять&quot;, which denoted the vowel &quot;e&quot;, so i guess unless one knows where &quot;ѣ - ять&quot; must be present in the singular form it's impossible to derive the plural form logically&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T10:26:49.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13254" CreationDate="2016-10-09T10:36:40.043" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;that might have been the connotation originally, but in the modern language i don't think it still applies, i'd say that now it indicates an intensive, persistent activity like &lt;code&gt;играться&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;дуться&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;плеваться&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;драться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;although &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он учился русскому (всю свою жизнь)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;isn't a normative phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;учиться&lt;/code&gt; as a rule is combined with infinitives rather than nouns, as in the following phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он учился &lt;em&gt;говорить&lt;/em&gt; по-русски (всю свою жизнь)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;обучаться&lt;/code&gt;, a cognate of &lt;code&gt;учиться&lt;/code&gt;, on the other hand can be used with nouns in Dative (or maybe it's Locative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он обучался военному ремеслу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-10-09T21:07:33.327" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T21:07:33.327" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13258" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13250" CreationDate="2016-10-09T10:52:37.223" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you have rather good skill in Russian language your question is fully answered in &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hi-edu.ru/e-books/xbook107/01/part-085.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; part of the Book. And since this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hi-edu.ru/e-books/xbook107/01/topicsw.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Book&lt;/a&gt; available online for free I recommend to read it whole, it will improve Russian language skill even for native speaker :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you don't have yet Russian language skill enough to comprehend this book here is my &lt;strong&gt;short&lt;/strong&gt; translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Collectives differ from cardinals by shorter area of usage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;collectives can be used as countable for nouns used in plural form only, e.g. &lt;em&gt;ворота, сутки&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;collectives can be used with nouns &lt;em&gt;дети, люди, лицо&lt;/em&gt; (as human being) and with nouns like &lt;em&gt;ребята, волчата&lt;/em&gt; colloquially.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;usage of collectives is limited by formality, cardinals are preferred in official context. &lt;em&gt;Требуются на работу четыре инженера&lt;/em&gt; not (четверо инженеров)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Collectives are not used with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;feminine gender nouns or with nouns describing females, e.g. &lt;em&gt;три страницы&lt;/em&gt; (not трое страниц), &lt;em&gt;четыре сестры&lt;/em&gt; (not четверо сестёр).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;masculine gender nouns that are names of animals and birds, &lt;em&gt;три быка, три орла&lt;/em&gt; (not трое быков, трое орлов) .&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is acceptable to use collectives as variant form for cardinals with nouns having following meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;male human beings, &lt;em&gt;четверо учеников и четыре ученика&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;objects that have only plural form except &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;двое, трое, четверо&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, e.g. &lt;em&gt;пятеро ножниц и пять ножниц&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;with personal pronouns, &lt;em&gt;их было четверо, пригласили нас четверых&lt;/em&gt;, it is preferred to use cardinals with oblique cases, &lt;em&gt;с ними четырьмя, у них четырех&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7819" LastEditorUserId="7819" LastEditDate="2016-10-09T11:18:39.727" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T11:18:39.727" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13259" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-09T11:32:19.267" Score="3" ViewCount="200" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the word order in the sentences below make any difference or sound unnatural to natives? I oftentimes, inadvertently, use Serbian’s word order due to personal preferences with clitic word ordering but I’m aware that the 2 languages are not the same and even less mutually intelligible as many pan-slavists claim but I never notice anyone using the word order of “Я тебя спросил / Я тебе сказал”, it seems. I was also told that it doesn’t matter but I can only assume that since it doesn’t seem to be used all that much, that it may not be correct or may sound a bit “off”. Thank you. :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я тебя спросил / Я тя спросил &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я спросил тебя&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я тебе сказал / Я те сказал &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я сказал тебе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-17T13:35:13.673" LastActivityDate="2020-09-19T07:45:10.380" Title="Word order: &quot;я сказал тебе&quot; or &quot;я тебе сказал&quot;?" Tags="&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13260" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13265" CreationDate="2016-10-09T11:32:19.723" Score="8" ViewCount="1598" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Тройбан&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; is a slang word for &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;три&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; (a ruder version of 'three'). There is also a word &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;трояк&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; (less rude and more common). The affix &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;як&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; can be attached to some other numerals to make it more informal, e.g. &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;двояк&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;пятак&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the affix &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;бан&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; can be found only in the word &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;тройбан&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;. So, I guess, this word has a special, particular origin. I heard a story that the word &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;тройбан&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; is derived from &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;троебан&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;, which, in it's turn, goes from the phrase &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;трое ебан&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;, i.e. &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;ебан тремя&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; (literally means 'had sexual intercourse with three persons at once'). But I haven't found any further information about this version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, my question is: what is true etymology of that word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7267" LastEditorUserId="7267" LastEditDate="2020-10-15T14:41:42.353" LastActivityDate="2020-10-15T14:41:42.353" Title="Is &quot;тройбан&quot; derived from &quot;ебан тремя&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13260" CreationDate="2016-10-09T11:48:06.913" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe this word belongs to school slang exclusively. And concerning its roots, it's most probably derived as a pure occasionalism with a pattern similar to &lt;em&gt;дерибан&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;щелбан&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T11:48:06.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13255" CreationDate="2016-10-09T11:48:22.373" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's quite simple: if you have an emphasis changed from other vovwel to &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; it changes to &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Examples&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ведро — вёдра... and other examples from your question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But not here: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;одежда, умение, отец&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7262" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T11:48:22.373" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13259" CreationDate="2016-10-09T11:57:33.303" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я тя спросил... Я те сказал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note that, unlike in Serbian, such clitics in Russian are thought to be of particularly low style. Yes, sometimes people say so, but I don't recommend you to use them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;word order due to personal preferences with clitic word ordering&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in (literate) Russian there's no clitic here. So both word orders sound essentially the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Naturally, if you're still going to use clitic, you can only say &quot;Я те сказал&quot;, but again I believe it's a bad idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T11:57:33.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13264" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-09T12:20:13.830" Score="1" ViewCount="51" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it correct to think that these mean the following and when would the sentences below the descriptions of each one of the verbs that I have be preferred to say? Why would one use a reflexive form of the verb? :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ВСТРЕ́ТИЛ - more general notion that includes meeting people for the first time, meeting up your friends, and just seeing someone without even talking at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ПОЗНАКО́МИМСЯ - to meet someone for the first time and talk a bit at least, to find out the person’s name and some other things you might be interested in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я ВСТРЕ́ТИЛ твоего́ брата в метро́. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы ВСТРЕ́ТИЛИСЬ с твои́м братом в метро́.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы ВСТРЕ́ТИЛИ твоего́ бо́сса в го́роде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы ВСТРЕ́ТИЛИСЬ с твои́м бо́ссом в торго́вом це́нтре.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T12:46:45.180" Title="Verbal preference upon meeting people or meeting with others" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13260" CreationDate="2016-10-09T12:20:55.843" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;-бан is an argotic suffix that is used to create word  that is not used in normal/official language as one of purposes of argot itself. See &lt;em&gt;тройбан, щелбан, дружбан&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7819" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T12:20:55.843" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13264" CreationDate="2016-10-09T12:46:45.180" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literal meaning of &lt;code&gt;встречать&lt;/code&gt; is to be on/by the way of someone/something, e.g. &lt;em&gt;встречать врага во всеоружии&lt;/em&gt;. It relates to physical location of object. Reciprocal voice &lt;code&gt;встретиться&lt;/code&gt; describes mutual process of physical relocation to the same location.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literal meaning of &lt;code&gt;знакомить&lt;/code&gt; is to give knowledge about subject and in reflexive form &lt;code&gt;знакомиться&lt;/code&gt; is to obtain (give to him/her self) knowledge about subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7819" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T12:46:45.180" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13268" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-09T13:03:31.273" Score="3" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it more colloquial to use около or примерно when telling time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;about 7:15&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;около  (preposition)  семи пятнадцати&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;примерно (adverb) семь пятнадцать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;о́коло пятна́дцати мину́т восьмо́го&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;о́коло че́тверти восьмо́го&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;приблизи́тельно в семь пятна́дцать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-09T20:03:10.163" LastActivityDate="2018-02-06T08:07:14.643" Title="Colloquial usage when telling time with approximates" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13269" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-09T14:07:38.900" Score="6" ViewCount="776" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to congratulate someone I know well for his 50th birthday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would the following be considered good, ok, bad or very bad?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С днем рождения, старый пердун!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7884" LastEditorUserId="7884" LastEditDate="2018-03-17T09:25:47.117" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T11:54:22.727" Title="Is &quot;с днём рождения, старый пердун&quot; acceptable?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13268" CreationDate="2016-10-09T14:08:27.890" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;В разговорной речи на вопрос &lt;strong&gt;который час?&lt;/strong&gt; чаще отвечают: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;примерно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;strong&gt;че́тверть восьмо́го&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;где-то&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;четверть восьмого&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;приблизительно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;четверть восьмого&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Семь пятнадцать&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;точная цифра&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, и говорить &lt;strong&gt;около, приблизительно, примерно&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;семи/семь пятнадцати/ пятнадцать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, по-моему &lt;em&gt;не корректно&lt;/em&gt;. В данном случае лучше использовать слово &lt;strong&gt;четверть&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;примерно четверть восьмого, где-то четверть восьмого&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;), не претендующее на точность.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2016-10-09T14:18:46.280" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T14:18:46.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13269" CreationDate="2016-10-09T14:14:19.790" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depends on the terms you're on with this person, because this is quite offensive, i mean it could be taken as a friendly banter by a good friend and as an insult by a stranger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it's as strong as its English equivalent &quot;Happy Birthday, old fart!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-18T11:54:22.727" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T11:54:22.727" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13272" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-09T14:17:13.937" Score="4" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that both &lt;strong&gt;на самом деле&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;вообще-то&lt;/strong&gt; are used to correct a misconception or present a clarification of the reality of a situation. However are they completely interchangeable, or (as a native Russian informed me) can &lt;strong&gt;вообще-то&lt;/strong&gt; express some frustration or even anger on the part of the speaker?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if someone offers you a cigarette in a social setting, it's quite polite to say &quot;Actually, I don't smoke.&quot; (with a smile, of course). However, my friend told me that saying &quot;Вообще-то я не курю.&quot; would sound defensive and reactionary in Russian. He cited the following exchange: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Слушай, у тебя такой кашель.... и ты бледный какой-то... Может тебе&#xA;  пора бросить курить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Ага, спасибо тебе! &lt;strong&gt;Вообще-то&lt;/strong&gt; я не курю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T11:40:07.157" Title="Nuances of вообще-то vs на самом деле" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13268" CreationDate="2016-10-09T14:23:13.907" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this context they are equal and usage of them is a matter of &quot;mental habit&quot; that is learned from parents or significant others and relates to mental representation of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;около&lt;/code&gt; means area limited by circle.    &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;примерно&lt;/code&gt; is an adverb from &#xA;&lt;code&gt;примерить&lt;/code&gt; - process of measuring by overlaying one thing on&lt;br&gt;&#xA;another.     &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;приблизи́тельно&lt;/code&gt; means something close to&#xA;and is    originated from &lt;code&gt;приблизить&lt;/code&gt; - relocating one thing close&#xA;to another    thing.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7819" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T14:23:13.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13272" CreationDate="2016-10-09T14:25:21.930" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;he's right, &lt;code&gt;вообще-то&lt;/code&gt; said in response implies that the interlocutor should have known their statement was inappropriate or wrong or stupid, so as to contradict their expectations, but it of course can be expressed both aggressively and amiably&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in the example &lt;code&gt;вообще-то&lt;/code&gt; can be replaced with &lt;code&gt;на самом деле&lt;/code&gt; without loss of meaning if the original phrase isn't meant to express strong emotion&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;generally &lt;code&gt;на самом деле&lt;/code&gt; doesn't have these strong connotations of &lt;code&gt;вообще-то&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-10-09T17:23:49.520" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T17:23:49.520" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13275" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-09T14:31:12.320" Score="4" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was told that I must say &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt;  in BOTH parts of the sentence and that the placement of it makes no  difference at all. Is the placement of  &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; critical? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; тебе́ понра́вился как то́лько &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; ты его́ уви́дел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он тебе́ &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; понра́вился как то́лько ты &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; его́ уви́дел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он тебе́ понра́вился &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; как то́лько ты его́ &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; уви́дел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он тебе́ понра́вился &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; как то́лько ты его́ уви́дел &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T09:48:48.023" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T09:49:18.417" Title="Placement of &quot;бы&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13260" CreationDate="2016-10-09T14:31:53.940" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to prove the previous answers and to disappoint you:&lt;strong&gt;тройбан&lt;/strong&gt;. belongs to school argot,&#xA;&quot;Словарь русского арго&quot; Елистратова&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ЩЕЛБАН, -а, м. Удар, щелчок.&#xA;Возм. из шк.; общеупотр. «щелчок» + &lt;strong&gt;арготический суффикс «-бан»&lt;/strong&gt; (ср. ДРУЖБАН, &lt;strong&gt;ТРОЙБАН&lt;/strong&gt; и т. п.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жаргон номиналов в нумизматике&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;•  3 - алтын (алтынник) (с 1534 г. до начале XVIII в.) - (по Торговой книге 1670 г. 1 алтын=3 новгородки=6 денег=12 полушек), трешка, трояк, троячок, троечка, трояшка, &lt;strong&gt;тройбан&lt;/strong&gt;, треха, трюльник, трюндель, , трынка, трёхкопеечник, трехрублевик, трехрублевка, трешник, трёшница; зелененькая, зеленушка (по цвету купюры 3 рубля царской и СССР)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T06:26:35.123" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T06:26:35.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13275" CreationDate="2016-10-09T14:40:49.023" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сritical to style maybe, but not critical to meaning, i believe the placement is only dictated by considerations of smooth flow of the sentence and maybe convenience of the speaker, which obviously may vary between different people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T09:49:18.417" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T09:49:18.417" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13278" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13269" CreationDate="2016-10-09T15:12:13.620" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using your scale it's &quot;bad&quot;. Definitely, it's not that &quot;very bad&quot;, but still &quot;bad&quot; enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T15:12:13.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13268" CreationDate="2016-10-09T15:16:43.517" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In real life people may use virtually any form, but the most colloquial ones are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;около четверти [восьмого]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;минут пятнадцать [восьмого] (note the inversion)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T15:16:43.517" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13269" CreationDate="2016-10-09T15:25:21.150" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Don't!&lt;/strong&gt; You will definitely spoil the celebration. Or at least remind that person of his age. Do you know the meaning of the last word? I bet you don't. Look it up in your dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We don't capitalize letters in С днём рождения!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-10-09T19:17:59.963" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T19:17:59.963" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13281" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-09T15:26:13.613" Score="2" ViewCount="277" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are these sentences different when referring to the English implication of the word “take” (duration required to do something until completion)? It seems like saying that one made for dinner for 2 hours is not &lt;em&gt;exactly&lt;/em&gt; the same as saying that it took 2 hours to make dinner but I'm not sure if it is necessary to translate the 2 any differently from one another. Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она приготовила обед за 2 часа.  - She made dinner in 2 hours.  /  It took her 2 house to make dinner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он написал роман за два  месяца. - He wrote a novel in 2 months.  /  It took him 2 months to write a novel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они написали эту песню за один вечер. - They wrote that song in one evening.  /  It took them one evening to write that song.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я приготовлю нам бутерброды за 5 минут.   -  I’ll make us sandwiches in 5 min.  /  It will take me 5 min to make us sandwiches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T07:55:50.420" Title="&quot;Take&quot; (duration of time)" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13281" CreationDate="2016-10-09T15:34:33.710" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;They &lt;strong&gt;all correspond to the sentence It takes&lt;/strong&gt;(took,will take)me,him,us,etc.2 hours,minutes...to do something. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он написал роман за два месяца.Она приготовила обед за два часа--is not an exception. She spent two hours in the kitchen cooking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T07:55:50.420" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T07:55:50.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13281" CreationDate="2016-10-09T16:03:45.387" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no single way to translate that &amp;quot;take&amp;quot;, but you most often use &lt;strong&gt;занять&lt;/strong&gt;, impersonal &lt;strong&gt;уйти&lt;/strong&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;понадобиться&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На приготовление обеда у неё ушло 2 часа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Написание романа заняло у него 2 месяца.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чтобы написать эту песню, им понадобился один вечер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня займёт 5 минут приготовить нам бутерброды.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The syntax in that last one is rather colloquial.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, though, those aren't very elegant sentences. To stress a long duration, it's more idiomatic to just use the imperfective aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я полчаса отчищал это пятно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or you can make it explicit by qualifying the duration itself, with the adverb &lt;strong&gt;всего&lt;/strong&gt; if it's short or the appropriate form of the adjective &lt;strong&gt;целый&lt;/strong&gt; if it's long.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T16:03:45.387" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13255" CreationDate="2016-10-09T16:28:22.383" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, as Zaliznyak (1967) shows, it is, synchronically, ё&gt;е in singular not e&gt;ё in plural. Words like &quot;десна'&quot; are actually &quot;дёсна'&quot; (' for stress), but unstressed ё is not used in Russian (except for very special cases of some loanwords, for which Zaliznyak adds a special rule &quot;convert unstressed ё to ё` (a special symbol unaffected by most rules)&quot; before converting every е that is in stress-caused alternation with ё to ё) so we write &quot;десна&quot;. It is lexical information for every word (or, rather, morpheme) what is its actual phonemical view.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just the same thing happens to words with ё which lose their stress on it in oblique cases: &quot;ёж&quot; - &quot;ежа'&quot; (phonemically &quot;ёжа'&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Diachronically, though, it is related to ѣ which did not alternate to o in t'et situation (where t is any hard consonant but ц and t' is any soft consonant or ж or ш) and е which did. However, ѣ later coincided with е, and afterwards some analogy processes caused some words with ѣ to gain &quot;alternation&quot; as well and some words with е to lose it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T16:28:22.383" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13269" CreationDate="2016-10-09T16:34:14.797" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depends on the person's sensitivity and sense of humour really. If in doubt, don't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, you might find this useful: &lt;strong&gt;старый пердун&lt;/strong&gt; has a Soviet-era slang form, &lt;strong&gt;старпёр&lt;/strong&gt; (parodying the Communist knack for acronymising everything), which comes across as less risqué and which should be familiar enough to a person of that age.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T16:34:14.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13286" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13289" CreationDate="2016-10-09T18:02:46.613" Score="5" ViewCount="1187" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was told that :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;пошёл&lt;/code&gt; - went somewhere and (usually) haven’t come back yet (and told that I can use ушёл here too) if you state it as a fact or as a part of a story with other actions following one another.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;ходил&lt;/code&gt; - a fact and can mean a one time occurence in the past&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;сходил&lt;/code&gt; - not as significant to mention / may mean for a short amount of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are the descriptions / details regarding these verbs of motion accurate observations and why would someone ever choose сходил instead of ходил? :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она́ &lt;code&gt;ходи́ла&lt;/code&gt; приме́рно на со́рок пять мину́т.       (ходи́ла fact - there and back)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она́ &lt;code&gt;пошла́&lt;/code&gt; приме́рно на со́рок пять мину́т.        (пошла́ left and no one knows where she's at or part of a story and not a fact)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она́ &lt;code&gt;сходи́ла&lt;/code&gt; приме́рно на со́рок пять мину́т. (сходи́ла there and back or  insignificant)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я пошёл &lt;code&gt;сходи́л&lt;/code&gt; на рабо́ту и пото́м, я пошёл в университе́т.  (&lt;code&gt;сходи́л&lt;/code&gt; because the action was completed (&lt;code&gt;пошёл&lt;/code&gt; means that you just started off toward somewhere)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-09T18:20:42.033" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T09:48:14.883" Title="ходил / сходил / пошёл" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13286" CreationDate="2016-10-09T19:28:57.873" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your examples are wrong. In a live speech people may make such mistakes from time to time, but it's still a mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она́ ходи́ла приме́рно на со́рок пять мину́т&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Must be &quot;&lt;em&gt;она &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ходила примерно &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; сорок пять минут&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (i.e. she had left and was absent for about 45 minutes), or, perhaps, &quot;&lt;em&gt;она ходила примерно сорок пять минут&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (i.e. she was going for about 45 minutes).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она́ пошла́ приме́рно на со́рок пять мину́т&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, must be &quot;&lt;em&gt;она &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;шла примерно &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; сорок пять минут&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (could mean (1) she had left and was absent for about 45 minutes, or (2) she had left and you expect she'll be back in 45 minutes).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она́ сходи́ла приме́рно на со́рок пять мину́т&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Must be &quot;&lt;em&gt;она &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt;ходила [туда] примерно &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; сорок пять минут&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (i.e. it took her about 45 minutes to go [there]).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пошёл сходи́л на рабо́ту и пото́м, я пошёл в университе́т. (сходи́л because the action was completed (пошёл means that you just started off toward somewhere)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one is a matter of style. You say &quot;I went to the work&quot; as a part of &quot;story&quot;, so you may choose between &quot;пошёл&quot;, or &quot;сходил&quot;, or &quot;заскочил&quot;, or whatever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T19:28:57.873" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13268" CreationDate="2016-10-09T19:36:55.083" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мы в жизни не говорим &lt;strong&gt;примерно&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;около&lt;/strong&gt; с минутами и секундами. В крайнем случае &lt;strong&gt;почти&lt;/strong&gt;. Правильнее говорить &lt;strong&gt;примерно&lt;/strong&gt; без четверти восемь,а лучше &lt;strong&gt;около&lt;/strong&gt; восьми, &lt;strong&gt;почти&lt;/strong&gt; /&lt;strong&gt;где‐то&lt;/strong&gt; восемь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-02-06T05:26:09.307" LastActivityDate="2018-02-06T05:26:09.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13286" CreationDate="2016-10-09T20:16:06.227" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ходил - action lasting for some time in the past. It could be used for describing repeating actions happenning in the past for some time (probably but not necessarily finished).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Весь этот день я &lt;em&gt;ходил&lt;/em&gt; по городу и искал себе квартиру. [...] В целый день я ничего не мог найти порядочного...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ф.М. Достоевский &lt;em&gt;&quot;Униженные и оскорбленные&quot;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сходил - action already completed in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Э, Влас? — вскрикнул Туман, вглядевшись в него. — Здорово, брат. Откуда бог принес?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Здорово, Михайла Савельич, — проговорил мужик, подходя к нам, — издалеча.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Где пропадал? — спросил его Туман.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — А в Москву &lt;em&gt;сходил&lt;/em&gt;, к барину...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И.С. Тургенев &quot;Записки охотника. Малиновая вода&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пошел - action which is still not finished.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Извозчик остановился возле освещенного подъезда, за раскрытыми дверями которого круто поднималась старая деревянная лестница, старый, небритый лакей в розовой косоворотке и в сюртуке недовольно взял вещи и &lt;em&gt;пошел&lt;/em&gt; на своих растоптанных ногах вперед.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И.А. Бунин &quot;Солнечный удар&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1674" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T20:16:06.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13286" CreationDate="2016-10-09T21:19:20.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пошёл - went somewhere and (usually) haven’t come back yet (and told&#xA;  that I can use ушёл here too)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ушёл means went and not expected to come back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ходил - a fact and can mean a one time occurence in the past&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or several times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;сходил - not as significant to mention / may mean for a short amount of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сходил is different from ходил only in that it means one or fixed amount of times, each time the action was complete (reached there) while ходил can mean not reached only attempted but interrupted en route.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T21:19:20.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13291" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13296" CreationDate="2016-10-09T21:35:52.857" Score="9" ViewCount="1054" Body="&lt;p&gt;What part of speech is &quot;нельзя&quot;? I see so many Russian dictionaries say it is used as a predicative complement (предикатив), but none of the ones I saw would &quot;dare&quot; state it as an adverb (наречие).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2017-01-02T18:04:49.640" LastActivityDate="2017-01-03T18:50:01.687" Title="What part of speech is &quot;нельзя&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13291" CreationDate="2016-10-09T22:37:32.537" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe a usual contemporary dictionary says that 'Нельзя' is a predicative. But not all linguists are agree to separate predicatives to a specific part of speech. In our old schoolbooks this word was assigned to adverbs. I am not a professional linguist and I think predicatives are rather a matter of syntax, than of grammar. So, I'm comfortable &quot;to state it as an adverb&quot; ) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7889" LastActivityDate="2016-10-09T22:37:32.537" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13291" CreationDate="2016-10-10T03:20:51.300" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Predicative is an ambiguous term that can also mean a part of sentence and include adjectives, adverbs and participles. So I do not recommend using this term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are linguists who propose a separate part of speech, called &lt;strong&gt;категория состояния&lt;/strong&gt;, that is, &lt;strong&gt;category of state&lt;/strong&gt;. They count нельзя as such part of speech. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня на душе &lt;em&gt;спокойно&lt;/em&gt; (category of state);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Река течёт &lt;em&gt;спокойно&lt;/em&gt; (adverb);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дитя &lt;em&gt;спокойно&lt;/em&gt; (adjective).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, it is something like an adverb or adjective but without a verb or noun to which it relates. Something like &lt;em&gt;dark&lt;/em&gt; in &amp;quot;It is dark now&amp;quot;. In English &amp;quot;it&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;is&amp;quot; are mandatory, so &lt;em&gt;dark&lt;/em&gt; is adjective related to &lt;em&gt;it&lt;/em&gt;. In Russian they can be omitted: &amp;quot;dark now here&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some categories of state have forms similar to adjectives and adverbs (like спокойно) but others do not, and can be used only as category of state: можно, надо, нельзя, жаль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some coincide with nouns in form: грех, стыд, охота, неохота.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Inside category of state it is separated the class of modal categories of state. These words include нужно, можно, надо, нельзя, жаль, незачем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, most precise, нельзя is &lt;strong&gt;modal category of state&lt;/strong&gt;. The old term for it in 1980s was &amp;quot;predicative&amp;quot;, as a class of adverbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T03:39:27.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13275" CreationDate="2016-10-10T03:56:29.853" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The neutral, unmarked, default form is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он БЫ тебе́ понра́вился, как то́лько ты БЫ его́ уви́дел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I think you need a comma before как.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T03:56:29.853" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13235" CreationDate="2016-10-10T04:18:38.517" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends how detailed you want to be. Even a native speaker will be surprised at the variety of dialects and nuances, opening a linguistic atlas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://au.smugmug.com/Misc/Other/n-ZGCwgV/i-4KdPgRb/A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://photos.smugmug.com/photos/i-4KdPgRb/0/M/i-4KdPgRb-M.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;чё&quot; or &quot;шо&quot; that you mentioned are quite prevalent in speech in some regions of Russia per se. But the distribution is not even, and also depends somewhat on the education/social level, as these variations are often considered improper by purists, if not outright wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's not always possible to make a &quot;clear&quot; distinction that you want. That said, some dialects are easily identifiable, such as Ukranian (Ukranian Russian) by their fricative Ukranian 'Г' and many other characteristic features.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T04:25:10.210" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T04:25:10.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13296" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13291" CreationDate="2016-10-10T06:11:35.867" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Debates around the group of words &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;нельзя, можно, надо, жаль, пора, грех, стыд, неохота, больно ( в безличных предложениях)etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;have been going since 1928, when Щерба Л.В. wrote his article «О частях речи в русском языке».(&quot;Word classes in Russian ). He said it's difficult to refer these words to any of the existing &quot;parts of speech &quot;. He called them &quot;a category of state&quot;(&lt;strong&gt;категория состояния&lt;/strong&gt;). Some linguists call them &quot;predicatives&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Предикативы&lt;/strong&gt;--особая группа слов, стоящая &#xA;  вне традиционной системы частей речи и обозначающих нединамическое состояние. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This term has no official status.&#xA;This terminology is often criticized because it can be confused with sentence  constituents (subject, predicate, etc) Other linguists refer these words to a special category of &lt;strong&gt;adverbs&lt;/strong&gt; or even &quot;&lt;strong&gt;modal adverbs&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. For more information see &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/12826/%d0%9d%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%87%d0%b8%d0%b5-%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%b8-%d0%ba%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%8f-%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0/12831?s=1|0.2090#12831&quot;&gt;Наречие или краткая форма&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T06:11:35.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13286" CreationDate="2016-10-10T09:48:14.883" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, they all are the verbs of motion. In Russian, there are tenses, aspects, and conjugations, that is why you have all these different forms. &#xA;ИДТИ and ПОЙТИ are Russian concrete verbs. The prefix ПО- means “the start of movement”, otherwise the meaning is the same – “to go, to move, to walk one-way, to set off”, they are interchangeable in most cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their counterpart ХОДИТЬ is an abstract verb.&#xA;ХОДИТЬ means same as ИДТИ but it is used to denote a movement done not at the same time, not at one go or not in one direction. It would be best translated into English as “to wander”, “to ramble”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian verbs ИДТИ, ПОЙТИ, ХОДИТЬ belong to the imperfective aspect which presents an event without exact finish implication (such as ongoing or habitual actions).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ПРИЙТИ is a Russian verb of motion belonging to the perfective aspect. Perfective aspect is used for momentary events and the onsets or completions of events. It would be best translated into English as “to come”, “to arrive”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's in short! Still not getting it?&#xA;Check the full explanation + conjugation tables in &lt;a href=&quot;http://expressrussian.com/russian-verbs-hodit-idti-poiti-prijti/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7891" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T09:48:14.883" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13298" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13254" CreationDate="2016-10-10T10:15:23.353" Score="0" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-ся is the present-day suffix which was developed from себя (=self), so just bear it in mind all the time when you see verbs with - ся:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;мыть = to wash (to wash dishes)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;мыться  = to wash oneself (to take a shower)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S.&#xA;Drop by my educational portal &lt;a href=&quot;http://expressrussian.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;expressrussian.com&lt;/a&gt;, as well as my social media channels (you'll find on the site) to stay in touch with Russian daily.&#xA;Learning a language is fun, so subscribe and stay tuned!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7891" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T10:15:23.353" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13272" CreationDate="2016-10-10T10:32:22.403" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They all mean &quot;generally&quot;, however вообще-то is more colloquial , на самом деле is more neutral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7891" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T11:40:07.157" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T11:40:07.157" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13301" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-10T14:22:38.030" Score="2" ViewCount="292" Body="&lt;p&gt;I oftentimes see people using both forms in their speech but never knew whether or not they are merely colloquialisms/preferences or if they are actually grammatically sound or not. :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я сегодня &lt;em&gt;с утра&lt;/em&gt; проснулся примерно без пятнадцати/четверти три.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я сегодня &lt;em&gt;утром&lt;/em&gt; проснулся примерно без пятнадцати/четверти три.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я пошла́ в зал с утра́.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я пошла́ в зал сегодня у́тром.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я сегодня с утра пошла́ в зал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я сегодня с утра пошла́ в зал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я пошла́ в зал у́тром.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T10:09:37.653" Title="Does the usage of &quot;утром&quot; versus &quot;с утра&quot; change the impact of sentences whatsoever?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13301" CreationDate="2016-10-10T14:37:55.797" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;with &lt;code&gt;проснуться&lt;/code&gt; it sounds odd, because when else one usually wakes up if not in the morning? unless it's known that the person was supposed to wake up much later, but surprisingly did so earlier&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in other cases &lt;code&gt;с утра&lt;/code&gt; helps the speaker to make a point that action was performed specifically in the morning, which may not be a trivial task for many people due to sleepiness, that a person took care to do it in the morning and feels good about themselves (or approve others) because of that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T14:44:50.790" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T14:44:50.790" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13301" CreationDate="2016-10-10T14:45:27.370" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If the phrase should mean &quot;&lt;strong&gt;in the morning&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, than both &quot;утром&quot; and &quot;с утра&quot; are OK, while the latest one is more colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &quot;с утра&quot; can also mean &quot;&lt;strong&gt;since the morning&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, and in this case you can't use &quot;утром&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the word order depends on which part of the sentence you want to emphasize. All the sentences in the question are grammatical and their basic idea is the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="6725" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T14:54:03.840" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T14:54:03.840" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13301" CreationDate="2016-10-10T14:48:14.633" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;When one is marking some action or event with &lt;code&gt;c утра&lt;/code&gt; he/she wants to emphasize the fact that this happened as early as at morning. When one is using &lt;code&gt;утром&lt;/code&gt;, he's just pointing at the specific timeframe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, in some cases they are more or less interchangeable, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я сегодня с утра пошла в зал.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я сегодня утром пошла в зал.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While in other cases they are not:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Слушай, я не пойду вечером в кино. Я [аж] с [самого] утра на работе и очень устала.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Учти, ты с [самого] утра должен быть выспавшимся.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &quot;проснуться с утра&quot; just does not sound right to a native speaker at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T14:48:14.633" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13305" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-10T15:07:20.643" Score="1" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any exceptions when one can forgo the usage of &quot;чтобы&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я поехал в москву́ посмотре́ть кремль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я поехал в москву́,&lt;em&gt;чтобы&lt;/em&gt; посмотре́ть кремль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я пошёл в магази́н купи́ть хле́ба́.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я пошёл в магази́н, &lt;em&gt;чтобы&lt;/em&gt; купи́ть хле́ба́.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я поехал на рабо́ту забра́ть инструме́нты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я поехал на рабо́ту, &lt;em&gt;чтобы&lt;/em&gt; забра́ть инструме́нты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T15:29:49.640" Title="Are there any exceptions when one can forgo the usage of &quot;чтобы&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13306" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13316" CreationDate="2016-10-10T15:08:09.287" Score="7" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's the insignia of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/339th_Infantry_Regiment&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the 339th Infantry Regiment&lt;/a&gt; of of the United States Army. For historical reason the motto is in Russian. The thing is that as for me the phrase &quot;штык решает&quot; sounds quite anachronic since I've been thinking that construction something + решает&quot; (which can roughly be translated as that something rules) is sort of modern slang. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the question is - when did this construction came into existence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/e1kfO.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/e1kfO.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T16:11:44.920" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T16:06:54.647" Title="Origin of &quot;что-то/кто-то решает&quot; construction" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;фраза&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13305" CreationDate="2016-10-10T15:17:09.660" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;My feeling is that &lt;code&gt;чтобы&lt;/code&gt; expresses intention but doesn't give any indication of whether the intended action was successful or was performed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the phrases without &lt;code&gt;чтобы&lt;/code&gt; have a connotation that the intention was fulfilled&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пошёл в магази́н купи́ть хле́ба́  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and in the end i did buy it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пошёл в магази́н, чтобы купи́ть хле́ба́  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;that was my intention, whether i bought it or not is beside the point&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in the first example &lt;code&gt;пошёл&lt;/code&gt; plays a part of a modal verb and so is secondary to the purport of the sentence, that's perhaps why &lt;code&gt;купить&lt;/code&gt; gets the emphasis - my clumsy way of making sense of it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T15:29:49.640" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T15:29:49.640" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13305" CreationDate="2016-10-10T15:17:40.393" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that for omitting &quot;чтобы&quot; both parts of the sentence should at least have the same subject. If the subjects are different, you can't. For example, the following sentences will totally lose sense without &quot;чтобы&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он позвонил ей и предупредил, что придет поздно, чтобы она не волновалась.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он закрыл дверь на два замка, чтобы воры не забрались в дом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T15:17:40.393" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13305" CreationDate="2016-10-10T15:23:00.470" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In all examples above it's completely ok to omit &quot;чтобы&quot;. Keep in mind though that this is not always the case. Actually, in the majority of cases it is the other way around. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can not do it in phrases like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Чтобы забрать инструменты, я поехал на работу &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нужны годы, чтобы стать настоящим мастером своего дело. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я много тренируюсь, чтобы победить на марафоне. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the difference? Well, speaking of first example - you can never omit &lt;code&gt;чтобы&lt;/code&gt; when &lt;code&gt;чтобы&lt;/code&gt;-part оf the complex sentence comes first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And actually phrases like &lt;code&gt;пойти сделать что-нибудь&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;поехать сделать что-нибудь&lt;/code&gt; which are roughly equivalent for &lt;code&gt;to go to do something&lt;/code&gt; are sort of something you can think of as of complex verb construction which is self-sufficient per se. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the rule of thumb is that if you can take two verbs that are separated by &lt;code&gt;чтобы&lt;/code&gt; and will manage to get a viable construct which indicates intention to do something, than you can omit &lt;code&gt;чтобы&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;собраться сделать что-нибудь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;задумать сделать что-нибудь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;намереваться сделать что-нибудь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T15:23:00.470" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13310" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13315" CreationDate="2016-10-10T16:09:34.837" Score="2" ViewCount="350" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does the placement and choice of &quot;вообще&quot; as opposed to &quot;совсем&quot; make any difference and which &quot;filler/parasite&quot; words are the most fitting in colloquial speech? Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я вообще не знаю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну я не знаю, вообще.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну я просто не знаю  /  Ну вот я просто не знаю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот, я совсем не знаю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я так не знаю вообще.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну я какк-то вообще не знаю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну я вообщем совсем не знаю вообще.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну я просто как-то совсем не знаю, как-то как.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я совсем вообще не знаю. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-10T16:15:45.287" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T17:54:53.510" Title="&quot;Вообще&quot; as opposed to &quot;совсем&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13312" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-10T17:30:51.467" Score="1" ViewCount="984" Body="&lt;p&gt;У меня есть вопрос: &lt;strike&gt;что&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;em&gt;в чём&lt;/em&gt; разница между &quot;начать и начаться&quot; и &quot;учить и учиться&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &quot;начать и начаться&quot; and &quot;учить и учиться&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-11T13:18:01.840" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T13:18:01.840" Title="What is the difference between &quot;начать и начаться&quot; and &quot;учить и учиться&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13312" CreationDate="2016-10-10T17:30:51.467" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I asked my friend this question a while ago, and she gave a very thorough and thoughtful response, so I thought I would post it here so more people could benefit from it in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You can't imagine how puzzled I was. So, I had to think really hard about it. =D&#xA;  Ты не представляешь, как меня озадачил. Так что пришлось серьёзно подумать об этом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ok. Now, a little bit of grammar introduction (there is nothing new I guess so just roll with it if you know it).&#xA;  Pairs of words 'начать' and 'начаться', and 'учить' и 'учиться' have the same roots and here sometimes close meanings. The most obvious difference is the '-ся' postfix. It shows that the verb is reflexive, so in Russian that means that the object and the subject in the sentence are probably the same, e.g Я одеваюсь - I dress myself, Мы виделись утром - We met (each other) in the morning etc.&#xA;  Thus, when using verbs with a postfix, you usually mean that the subject and object are the same. &#xA;  Most of grammar stuff is over. &#xA;  Anyway, Повторение - мать учения*. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As to your pairs of words. &#xA;  По поводу твоих слов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Let's start with 'учить' and 'учиться':&#xA;  the general meaning is 'to learn' in most cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;However, there are some differences. It is better to show by examples.&#xA;  Но есть некоторые различия. Это лучше видно на примерах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'Учиться' in most cases means 'to learn how to do something'. Using the word 'учить' with verbs we get the meanig 'to teach'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Учиться танцевать. - Learn to dance.           Учить танцевать - Teach to dance.&#xA;  More about a person:&#xA;  Я учусь танцевать - I learn to dance (kind of by myself).            Я учу танцевать - I teach to dance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And it's all the same with verbs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Now more complicated. These words with nouns and pronouns.&#xA;  Сейчас посложнее. Эти же слова с существительными и местоимениями. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The grammatical difference is that after 'учить' goes accusative case and after 'учиться' dative. Frankly speaking, I'm not sure how to systemize the use of them. &#xA;  Разница в грамматике состоит в том, что после 'учить' нужен винительный падеж, а после 'учиться' дательный. Честно говоря, я не уверена как можно систематизировать их использование.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;However, here are some tips.&#xA;  When you need to say that you study at university, school, are taking a course etc. you use 'учиться':&#xA;  Я учусь в университете. Я учусь на курсах. и т.п. &#xA;  But I study law at university. Я учу юриспруденцию в университете. (The best is 'изучаю', but anyway...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also, 'учиться' is similar to the meaning of simple tenses (regularity), and 'учить' besides that can be also used to describe continuous action.&#xA;  Я учусь грамоте. (the same as present simple)     Я учу грамоту. (May be both simple or continuous, it depends on the context.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Now 'начать' and 'начаться'. I almost wrote a book. &#xA;  First, we don't use 'начаться' with verbs. At all.&#xA;  Первое, мы не ставим 'начаться' с глаголами. Совсем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you need to say I started to read, to sing, to cry etc. you use form of the word 'начать'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'Начаться' is more commonly used in impersonal constructions such as &#xA;  Начался дождь. It started to rain.&#xA;  Началась гроза. A storm began. &#xA;  Урок начался. The lesson began. &#xA;  Фильм начался. The film started. &#xA;  As if something started by itself. Puts more selfness in a sentence. =)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In other cases you probably will use 'начать'. &#xA;  Oh, as to cases. 'Начаться' needs nominative and 'начать' accusative. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Hope it's more or less helpful,&#xA;  Надеюсь, что это более менее полезно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;*&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/dic_wingwords/3453/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Repetiljo est inaier studiorum&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T17:30:51.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13312" CreationDate="2016-10-10T17:43:14.400" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;the answer is very simple: first verb in each pair is transitive, the second is not, which determines their usage&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;reflexive verbs are intransitive&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T17:43:14.400" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13310" CreationDate="2016-10-10T17:54:53.510" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all some meanings of &lt;strong&gt;вообще&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA; 1В общем, в большей части случаев.In most cases, in general &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вообще&lt;/strong&gt;, это верно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Adverb. Всегда, при всяких условиях . always&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Этот человек &lt;strong&gt;вообще&lt;/strong&gt; необщителен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Adverb. Взяв в целом, в общем, обобщая. On the whole.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я говорю о людях &lt;strong&gt;вообще&lt;/strong&gt;, а не о тебе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Introductory word Used when one thing is opposed to another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Над ним всегда смеются, хотя &lt;strong&gt;вообще&lt;/strong&gt; он прав. &lt;strong&gt;Вообще&lt;/strong&gt; он чудак, но с ним интересно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И вообще(разг.) Conjunction connecting the idea more general than the previous one.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он гулял, купался &lt;strong&gt;и вообще&lt;/strong&gt; отдыхал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Совсем and вообще coincide only in the meaning &quot;completely, absolutely&quot; Вообще is colloquial. Used more often.But in written speech it's better to use совсем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now your examples, which words are fillers and which are meaningful ? &lt;strong&gt;Я не знаю&lt;/strong&gt;.is a general idea.&#xA;Я вообще не знаю.Absolutely ( stressed )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну я не знаю, вообще.--Introductory word.,ну--filler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну я просто не знаю / Ну вот я просто не знаю--Ну--filler, просто--emphatic filler,вот--filler.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот, я совсем не знаю.вот--filler,совсем--absolutely. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я так не знаю вообще.так--emphatic filler вообще--absolutely. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну я как-то вообще не знаю.ну-filler, как‐то uncertainty filler, вообще--absolutely &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну я в общем совсем не знаю вообще.--Ну--filler, в общем--in general, совсем--absolutely &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну я просто как-то совсем не знаю, как-то как.--Ну--filler, просто--emphatic filler, как‐то uncertainty filler, совсем--absolutely, как‐то так--uncertainty filler &#xA;Я совсем вообще не знаю.Sounds weird. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ну&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;вот&lt;/strong&gt; are  most frequently used fillers, youngsters use &lt;em&gt;блин&lt;/em&gt;, there are other words used as fillers depending of habits and culture as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T17:54:53.510" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13306" CreationDate="2016-10-10T18:06:37.833" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Собственно, всегда существовало и сейчас существует выражение &quot;решить дело&quot;. Ну а поскольку слово &quot;дело&quot; употребимо и в военном контексте (&quot;дело&quot; = &quot;бой&quot;), то оно легко угадывается и даже может быть опущено, как в данном случае: &lt;em&gt;штык решает [дело]&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD. Пожалуй, четко обосновать что глагол &quot;решать&quot; появился в (около)военном жаргоне прямиком из жаргона (около)юридического, будет затруднительно, хотя лично мне это кажется наиболее разумным объяснением. Но по меньшей мере в источниках XIX века найти подобное словоупотребление уже не трудно (в отличие от &quot;цитат&quot; из Суворова, которые вполне могут быть неаутентичными).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Штык и сабля решили бой.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Наконец подоспел принц с шведами и россиянами 25-го числа и решил битву при Деневице.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://militera.lib.ru/db/glinka1/04.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Глинка Ф. Н. &quot;Письма русского офицера о Польше, Австрийских владениях, Пруссии и Франции, с подробным описанием Отечественной и заграничной войны с 1812 по 1814 год&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-10-11T05:02:37.180" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T05:02:37.180" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="683" CreationDate="2016-10-10T19:11:38.580" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Эпатаж&lt;/code&gt; происходит от épater (é + patter), на французском означает впечатлить (буквально &quot;дать пинка&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Эскапада&lt;/code&gt; - от романского (фр. или исп.) &lt;code&gt;escapar&lt;/code&gt;, убегать или выбегать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В русском слово &quot;выходка&quot; смысл отражает ясно, а заимствования со временем размывают смысл или дрейфуют. Но здесь они пока отражают разницу:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;эпатаж - это результат&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;эскапада - это действие&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user1514" LastActivityDate="2016-10-10T19:11:38.580" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13318" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13319" CreationDate="2016-10-11T00:14:06.630" Score="2" ViewCount="133" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are both of these sentences correct to say? (We will finish everything in about 10 min) :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы закончим всё минут через десять. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы закончим всё за десять минут.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-11T00:25:58.133" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T04:06:13.143" Title="Correct variants of sentence with &quot;in about 10 minutes&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13318" CreationDate="2016-10-11T04:06:13.143" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.Мы закончим всё минут через десять.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentence is grammatical with emphasis on &lt;strong&gt;when&lt;/strong&gt; everything will be done. &lt;em&gt;через&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;in approximately 10 minutes&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.Мы закончим всё за десять минут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one has got another meaning due to the preposition &lt;em&gt;за&lt;/em&gt;: It will take us ten minutes to do it.(How much time will it take?) Both are fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T04:06:13.143" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13306" CreationDate="2016-10-11T04:43:50.723" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Привожу &quot;доказательства&quot;, что выражение &lt;strong&gt;&quot;штык решает&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; известно давно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Исход удачи, участь боя решает штык героя.(Пословица) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sbornik-mudrosti.ru/poslovicy-i-pogovorki-pro-shtyk/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://sbornik-mudrosti.ru/poslovicy-i-pogovorki-pro-shtyk/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Петр Ершов Русский штык.(1833)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пушки бьются до последа,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Штык кончает дело вмиг;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Там удача, там победа,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Где сверкает русский штык.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ссылка .&lt;a href=&quot;http://45parallel.net/anthology/petr_ershov/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://45parallel.net/anthology/petr_ershov/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Небезынтересно привести здесь и еще более решительные афоризмы ген. Драгомирова и Сухотина в пользу штыка, которые также имели влияние на принятое в русской армии решение.&#xA;  'Великое Суворовское начало - пуля - дура, штык - молодец останется вечно справедливым не потому, чтобы пуля была недействительна, но потому, что а) &lt;strong&gt;штык решает дело&lt;/strong&gt;, б) он есть представитель воли, нравственной энергии, на которой зиждется все в боевом деле' (Драгомиров).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-10-12T16:06:54.647" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T16:06:54.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13312" CreationDate="2016-10-11T08:33:49.743" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is that &quot;&lt;em&gt;учить&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;начать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; need an object (you can only &quot;&lt;em&gt;учить&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;em&gt;начать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; something) while &quot;&lt;em&gt;учиться&lt;/em&gt;&quot; и &quot;&lt;em&gt;начаться&lt;/em&gt;&quot; do not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Группа начала концерт ровно в 19-00 (The band began the concert exactly at 19-00)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Концерт начался ровно в 19-00 (The concert began exactly at 19-00)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not so strict with &quot;учиться&quot; and mostly depends on context. &quot;Учиться ездить на велосипеде&quot; means &quot;to learn to ride a bike&quot; while &quot;учить ездить на велосипеде&quot; means &quot;to teach to ride a bike&quot;. At the same time &quot;учить математику&quot; is &quot;to learn math&quot; but &quot;учить девочку&quot; is &quot;to teach a girl&quot; :).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2016-10-11T12:57:34.620" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T12:57:34.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13322" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-11T09:28:48.533" Score="2" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;How are these sentences different from each other? (The flight will take 6 hours) :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;~Полёт / Перелёт займёт шесть часов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;~Мы долетим &lt;em&gt;за&lt;/em&gt; шесть часов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It takes around 3 hours to make borscht.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чтобы приготовить борщ, нужно примерно три часа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I erroneously assumed that I'd have to say &lt;em&gt;za&lt;/em&gt; in the first sentence too. Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-11T12:04:03.230" LastActivityDate="2016-10-16T12:51:45.630" Title="Requirement to use &quot;за&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13301" CreationDate="2016-10-11T10:09:37.653" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The version &lt;strong&gt;утром&lt;/strong&gt; is quite neutral and simply means '&lt;em&gt;in the morning&lt;/em&gt;' or '&lt;em&gt;this morning&lt;/em&gt;' while &lt;strong&gt;с утра&lt;/strong&gt; can have 2 different accented meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) (to do something) &lt;strong&gt;first thing in the morning&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) (to be in condition of doing or not doing something) &lt;strong&gt;since (the early) morning&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correspondingly, your sentence 2 (which uses &lt;strong&gt;утром&lt;/strong&gt;) sounds more natural than sentence 1 (which unnecessarily emphasizes awakening as &lt;em&gt;the first thing done in the morning&lt;/em&gt;). I'd also slightly adjust the word order (to neutral) and add a preposition:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сегодня утром я проснулся примерно [в какое время?] &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; без четверти&#xA;  три.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentences 3-7 are all possible, they vary in exact meaning (&lt;em&gt;in the morning&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;first thing in the morning&lt;/em&gt;) and (due to diff. word order) emphasize different aspects, e g. sentence 4 emphasizes time aspect (as if it's a complete answer to a question about time), since in neutral case (sentence 5) time words in Russian are usually close to the beginning of the sentence (they are typically not in the end of it as in English). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T10:09:37.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13322" CreationDate="2016-10-11T11:54:03.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In sentence 1 &lt;em&gt;шесть часов&lt;/em&gt; is a direct object after &lt;strong&gt;transitive&lt;/strong&gt; verb, so similarly to the English version with 'it will take us 6 hours', it doesn't take &lt;em&gt;any preposition&lt;/em&gt;. Same with the last Russian sentence: &quot;нужно (затратить - omitted)&quot; reveals transitivity resulting in no preposition. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2016-10-12T11:05:12.553" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T11:05:12.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12676" CreationDate="2016-10-11T18:13:19.677" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Несколько лет тому назад  в передаче «Умницы и умники» , посвященной жрецам, кудесникам и пр. волхвам, ведущий передачи профессор Ю. Вяземский сказал, что слово» жрец «происходит от слова « жрать» Позвольте высказать Вам  другую  версию. Существует в индоевропейских языках словесный корень , условно говоря, « ker «, означающий по - русски –« колоть, резать». Почему –условно говоря ? Потому что этот корень может изменяться; он может менять первую букву : цер ( церковь т.е. высокое строение , как бы прокалывающее небо , чтобы было проще общаться с Богом ), жер ( жертва т. е. человек, животное ,птица , которых резали ,  принося в дар богам ),  чер ( черта , которую вырезали , выдавливали на каком либо материале)  , х.р( т. е. знак «х» в старославянском алфавите) ,  который вырезали, вырубали мечом, топором на деревьях идущие в лес люди ,чтобы не заблудиться ),и т. п.; он может менять гласный звук : кар (кара –убийство, наказание за совершенный грех ), кор ( кора,имеющая вид порезанной , поцарапанной поверхности) , кур( курица, прокалывающяя землю в поисках пищи)  и т. д. ; он может совсем потерять гласный звук: кр , гр, хр и т. д.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;А теперь построим цепочки слов от корня» кер» до слов  « жрец « и  «жрать».&#xA;Итак: кер ( колоть, резать ) – жертвовать (приносить дар  богам ) – жертва ( человек , животное , птица,которых жертвуют богам ) – жрец (тот, кто непосредственно режет жертву ); и вторая цепочка : кер ( колоть, резать ) – жрать ( рвать, резать зубами пищу ).  Конечно оба эти слова происходят от одного корня – «кер». Но в первом случае слово жрец есть четкертая производная корня « кер», а во втором – первая производная. Т. е примерно так же эти цепочки можно сравнить со следующими: основа- мой отец, далее- я - моя дочка - моя внучка - моя правнучка; вторая чепочка: мой отец – мой брат. Т. е. сказать что моя правнучка произошла от моего брата очевидно будет  непревильно. А считать вышеназванные слова нерусскими будет неправильно!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7825" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-11T20:06:44.620" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T20:06:44.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13326" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13328" CreationDate="2016-10-11T19:16:20.510" Score="2" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could you please answer with samples which are clear and easy to comprehend for a beginner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6813" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T19:28:38.733" Title="Differences between имя, имён and имена?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13327" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13329" CreationDate="2016-10-11T19:26:39.453" Score="4" ViewCount="175" Body="&lt;p&gt;In some cases &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; can be translated as, &quot;something&quot;. Why is this? I thought that &lt;strong&gt;что-то&lt;/strong&gt; is the equivalent of &quot;something&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть чем заняться в этом городе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У тебя есть что добавить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;если что (случится), напиши мне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is it more like— (very colloquially and just gut feeling translation)&#xA;There is a thing to do.&#xA;Do you have stuff to add?&#xA;If what (stuff), phone me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because these phrases are just the opposite of—&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;нечего— there is nothing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;есть что— there is what (stuff, that)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;нечем заняться— there's nothing to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;есть чем заняться— there is wha (a thing)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2016-10-11T19:34:33.170" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T21:05:05.303" Title="Logic behind что meaning &quot;something&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13326" CreationDate="2016-10-11T19:28:38.733" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are all forms of the same word, &quot;имя&quot; (name).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Имя -- nominative case singular. Пример: &quot;Моё имя -- Исмаил&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Имена -- nom. case plural, пример: &quot;Назовите ваши имена!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Имён -- genitive case plural, пример: &quot;Никто не знает их имён&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T19:28:38.733" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13327" CreationDate="2016-10-11T19:49:24.707" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;in this usage &lt;code&gt;что&lt;/code&gt; из simply a shorthand of &lt;code&gt;что-то&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;same is true for &lt;code&gt;какой(-нибудь)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;чего(-нибудь)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;кто(-нибудь)&lt;/code&gt;, and their declined forms, in interrogative, conditional and conjunctive sentences&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У тебя нет &lt;strong&gt;какой&lt;/strong&gt; газетки почитать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не хочешь &lt;strong&gt;чего&lt;/strong&gt; перекусить? (Если) захочешь &lt;strong&gt;чего&lt;/strong&gt; перекусить, говори.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если бы мне &lt;strong&gt;кто&lt;/strong&gt; сказал/Сказал бы мне &lt;strong&gt;кто&lt;/strong&gt;, кем я в итоге стану, ни за что бы не поверил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i believe &lt;code&gt;Есть чем/где/когда/кому&lt;/code&gt; don't belong to this category because in this pattern &lt;code&gt;чем/где/когда/кому&lt;/code&gt; are complete words without the truncated  &lt;code&gt;-нибудь&lt;/code&gt; part&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;does this help a beginner? ;^)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the difference between for example &lt;code&gt;есть кем&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;кем(-то/нибудь) + any verb&lt;/code&gt; can be illustrated by such sentences as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне бы его &lt;strong&gt;кем&lt;/strong&gt; заменить = Мне бы его &lt;strong&gt;кем-то&lt;/strong&gt; заменить  -&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;truncated &lt;code&gt;кем-то/-нибудь&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Было бы у меня &lt;strong&gt;кем&lt;/strong&gt; его заменить - &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;кем&lt;/code&gt; doesn't suggest truncated &lt;code&gt;-то&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;-нибудь&lt;/code&gt; because it's &lt;code&gt;есть кем&lt;/code&gt; in a form of conjunctive&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Может ты хотел бы его &lt;strong&gt;кем&lt;/strong&gt; заменить? = Может ты хотел бы его&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;кем-то/-нибудь&lt;/strong&gt; заменить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У тебя есть &lt;strong&gt;кем&lt;/strong&gt; его заменить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-10-11T21:05:05.303" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T21:05:05.303" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13330" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13334" CreationDate="2016-10-11T20:22:20.033" Score="6" ViewCount="508" Body="&lt;p&gt;How are these sentences any different, in principle, and would it be a big mistake to use them interchangeably in conversational language?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I stayed there for half an hour - &#xA;Я там &lt;em&gt;остановился&lt;/em&gt; на полчаса&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I stayed with them for a week - &#xA;Я &lt;em&gt;остановился&lt;/em&gt; у них на неделю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll stay at a hotel for a few days. - Я &lt;em&gt;останусь&lt;/em&gt; в оте́ле па́ру дней / не́сколько дне́й.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы &lt;em&gt;остановились&lt;/em&gt; в роско́шном оте́ле.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не хочу́ &lt;em&gt;останавливаться&lt;/em&gt; в дорого́м оте́ле на пару́ дней.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7878" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2016-10-14T05:40:21.380" LastActivityDate="2016-10-14T05:40:21.380" Title="&quot;Остаться&quot; or &quot;остановиться&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13330" CreationDate="2016-10-11T20:29:37.153" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your Russian translation for &lt;em&gt;I'll stay at a hotel for a few days.&lt;/em&gt; is not correct.  You should use the same word root - &lt;em&gt;остановлюсь&lt;/em&gt;. Word &lt;em&gt;остаться&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;remain&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я останусь в этом городе навсегда.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I'll remain in this city forever&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's worth adding that &lt;em&gt;остановиться&lt;/em&gt; (in the meaning you imply) has the connotation of a temporary action to it while word &lt;em&gt;остаться&lt;/em&gt; often has the connotation of staying/remaining for a longer period than &lt;em&gt;остановиться&lt;/em&gt;, although this isn't necessarily the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastEditorUserId="97" LastEditDate="2016-10-11T20:31:49.520" LastActivityDate="2016-10-11T20:31:49.520" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13332" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13335" CreationDate="2016-10-12T01:30:29.220" Score="4" ViewCount="434" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is it that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I like you&quot; is &lt;code&gt;Ты нравишься мне&lt;/code&gt; and not &lt;code&gt;Я нравию тебя&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I love you&quot; is &lt;code&gt;Я люблю тебя&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm learning from &lt;code&gt;The New Penguin Russian Course&lt;/code&gt; and I've been practicing with Russians on VK and one of them explained to me that &quot;нравию&quot; is not actually a word. But according to the book tacking on &quot;ся&quot; makes the verb reflexive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eg. in the book it says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Одевать - to dress&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Одеваться - to dress oneself&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what's the difference between &lt;code&gt;Я нравию тебя vs  Ты нравишься мне&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, I think &lt;code&gt;Ты нравишься мне&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;You like me&quot; but I don't think that's right either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the people I've been speaking with on VK don't speak great english so I may have misunderstood what they were trying to explain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6840" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-12T05:44:48.733" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T11:31:12.000" Title="Why &quot;нравишься мне&quot;, not &quot;нравию тебя&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="12" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13332" CreationDate="2016-10-12T02:24:10.320" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unlike the pair of verb &quot;одевать - одеваться&quot;, &quot;нравиться&quot; is only used in its reflexive form. &quot;Я нравлюсь;&quot; &quot;Ты нравишься&quot;  and so on. As the other person mentioned &quot;нравию&quot; is not a valid word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can use both phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Я тебе нравлюсь&quot; - You like me&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is more often used in a question. Same phrase, but with a change of intonation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Ты мне нравишься&quot; - I like you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is more often used as a statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T02:24:10.320" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13330" CreationDate="2016-10-12T06:19:43.113" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a very interesting question and it's really a hard one for a foreign learner because the English translation of both verbs is &amp;quot;to stay&amp;quot; in most cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Волкодав слегка пожалел о том, что успел миновать ворота и не &lt;strong&gt;остался&lt;/strong&gt; на ночь в лесу. [Мария Семенова. Волкодав: Знамение пути )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;― Вы уже или уходите, или оставайтесь». Он &lt;strong&gt;остался&lt;/strong&gt; на восемь лет.  [Антонина Крищенко. Императрица Клавдия (2002) // «Домовой», 2002.12.04]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но когда через неделю он опять &lt;strong&gt;остался&lt;/strong&gt; на ночь у Шуры, утром, придя на работу, еще с улицы в окне лаборатории увидел Броню. [Роман Солнцев. Полураспад. Из жизни А. А. Левушкина-Александрова, а также анекдоты о нем (2000-2002) // «Октябрь», 2002]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Впервые он &lt;strong&gt;остался&lt;/strong&gt; на ночь один. Он побродил по квартире, не зная, чем заняться. [Ирина Антонова. Тринадцатый пират // «Мурзилка», 2000]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот туда, на дачу, когда все съехали осенью, а я еще &lt;strong&gt;остался&lt;/strong&gt; на день-два сторожить вещи, приехал ко мне мой старший брат Юра: наверное, пожалел меня, что я тут один. [Г. Я. Бакланов. Жизнь, подаренная дважды (1999&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These examples are from the National corpus.&#xA;Остановиться for some time somewhere means to start your staying or to organize it making reservations&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;остановился&lt;/strong&gt; в отеле.--I just came and engaged a room there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;остался&lt;/strong&gt; в отеле на два дня. --I was staying at the hotel at that time and decided to prolong or continue my staying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is the main difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T15:37:02.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13335" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13332" CreationDate="2016-10-12T07:10:15.510" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are the words that are only used in the reflexive (нравиться) or non-reflexive (standard) form (любить). It just so happens in the modern language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More generally, Russian is a very 'passive' language; it uses passive sentences far more than other languages. The verb can be reflexive or not, it depends on its meaning; but it doesn't imply that the translation should be passive too. Compare such common phrases as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Меня зовут xxx = I am / My name is xxx (though literally 'I am called xxx')&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня есть xxx = I have xxx (literally 'There is xxx with me')&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T07:10:15.510" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13332" CreationDate="2016-10-12T08:27:14.750" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;One can translate &lt;code&gt;ты нравишься мне&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You are looking good to my taste&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or even&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You are making yourself looking good to me (to my taste).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I hope it is clear where the reflective particle and Dative case come from.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &lt;code&gt;нрав&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;taste&quot;, so нравиться is to be &quot;tasting&quot; good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T08:27:14.750" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13339" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-10-12T14:01:19.800" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-10-12T14:01:19.800" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T14:01:19.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13340" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-10-12T14:01:19.800" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-10-12T14:01:19.800" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T14:01:19.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11938" CreationDate="2016-10-12T15:16:36.597" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;are everybody sure they get the meaning of the phrase right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i can envision two meanings&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Enough of that!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to cut the conversation short&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Wow, is that right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a sarcastic remark meant to belittle the significance of the interlocutor's statement&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in this sense the phrase can also look like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ой (ну теперь) всё!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;всё&lt;/code&gt; in the sense of &lt;code&gt;всё пропало&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;synonymous to such sarcastic phrases as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ой, горе-то какое!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ой, что ж теперь делать?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ой, как жить-то теперь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2016-10-12T15:16:36.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13342" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13344" CreationDate="2016-10-13T21:14:26.507" Score="11" ViewCount="528" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was writing a letter to a friend where I said &quot;скучаю тебя&quot; (to mean &quot;I miss you&quot;). But then I remembered that &quot;скучать&quot; means &quot;to be bored&quot; and I panicked because I thought I misremembered the verb for &quot;to miss&quot; and was telling my friend that I think they are boring/that they make me bored (when of course the opposite is true).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, apparently it &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;means both&lt;/a&gt;. Is there ever any danger of ambiguity or sever misunderstandings when using the word &quot;скучать&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am kind of afraid to use &quot;скучать&quot; now and would prefer to find alternatives to &quot;скучаю тебя&quot;, since I don't want to insult people who are close to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-13T21:49:23.127" LastActivityDate="2016-10-20T03:26:28.173" Title="Why does скучать mean both &quot;to be bored&quot; and &quot;to miss&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13342" CreationDate="2016-10-13T21:20:08.053" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, correct usage is &lt;em&gt;скучаю по тебе&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, you are correct, word &lt;em&gt;скучать&lt;/em&gt; can mean both, however the main difference is in usage.  If you want to indicate that you missing something/someone, you would indicate what/who you are missing.  If you keep only the verb without adding any subject(s), then it would mean that you're bored:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я скучаю &lt;strong&gt;по тебе&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I miss &lt;strong&gt;you&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я скучаю &lt;strong&gt;по дому&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I miss &lt;strong&gt;home&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я скучаю&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I am bored&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2016-10-13T21:20:08.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13342" CreationDate="2016-10-13T21:39:16.700" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Believe it or not, for most of my life, I (a native speaker) wasn't aware they were the same word, until one day it just hit me. The thing is, &lt;strong&gt;мне скучно&lt;/strong&gt; is a &lt;em&gt;massively&lt;/em&gt; more common way to say &quot;I'm bored&quot; than &lt;strong&gt;я скучаю&lt;/strong&gt;, so the latter pretty much defaults to &quot;I miss&quot; unless the opposite is very clear from the context. (And, as already pointed out, it's &lt;strong&gt;я скучаю по тебе&lt;/strong&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;тебя&lt;/em&gt;. The &quot;bored&quot; one uses &lt;strong&gt;от&lt;/strong&gt; as its natural preposition.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. To answer the question in the title–&lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; does it mean both &quot;to be bored&quot; and &quot;to miss&quot;: they're two different extensions of the same, now-lost original meaning, which is to howl or whimper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2016-10-13T23:53:59.710" LastActivityDate="2016-10-13T23:53:59.710" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13345" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-14T07:51:09.167" Score="3" ViewCount="348" Body="&lt;p&gt;One sees a lot of discussion about a &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russianmentor.net/gram/mailbag/topics/nouns2.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;new vocative case&lt;/a&gt;&quot; in modern Russian; however, I am not asking about that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this -- in the instances where only one of the six standard cases is used, which of the six is used to express the vocative?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My first guess would have been nominative, because they are similar. However, in German, for many expressions of a seemingly vocative nature, accusative is used instead: &quot;guten Morgen!&quot;, for example. And actually the same seems to be true in English (although there one would describe it as the objective case) -- &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/353255/are-there-fixed-phrases-where-i-or-me-are-used-unusually?noredirect=1#comment819480_353255&quot;&gt;Lucky me!&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, when an entirely different construction isn't used, which of the six standard cases are used to replace the vocative in modern Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:38:12.067" LastActivityDate="2016-10-14T09:35:17.897" Title="Which case has replaced the vocative in modern Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13345" CreationDate="2016-10-14T08:16:22.907" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Vocative&quot; case always may be replaced with a nominative case, because it's just a shortening of initial form of names ended with -а, -я.&#xA;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(кто?)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Дим&lt;/strong&gt;, иди сюда! — &lt;em&gt;(кто?)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Дима&lt;/strong&gt;, иди сюда! — nominative case&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;while&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вижу &lt;em&gt;(кого?)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Диму&lt;/strong&gt; — accusative case&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Special forms like &lt;em&gt;Господи, Боже, Отче&lt;/em&gt; are traditional and cannot be replaced with &lt;em&gt;Господин, Бог, Отец&lt;/em&gt; in addressing to God.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6602" LastActivityDate="2016-10-14T08:16:22.907" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13345" CreationDate="2016-10-14T09:35:17.897" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Vocative forms (used addressing someone ) correspond to the nominative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Девушка, как вас зовут? Больной,назовите фамилию.&#xA;Наташа, как я рада, что ты позвонила.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also a short form of names and some words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Саш, Кать, мам, бабуль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and archaic and religious words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чего тебе надобно, старче?(Пушкин).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;боже, господи, владыко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-10-14T09:35:17.897" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13348" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13349" CreationDate="2016-10-14T11:24:51.400" Score="6" ViewCount="439" Body="&lt;p&gt;I sometimes find myself looking up Russian words on wiktionary and following the etymology of the word upstream to find what words it is related to, as you do. I think I've noticed a peculiar thing: in words of the same origin, the Eastern Slavic languages seem to agree pretty well on which one of the syllables is stressed. For example, the corresponding forms of &lt;em&gt;górod&lt;/em&gt; are in Belorussian stressed as &quot;hórad&quot;, and in Ukrainian, &quot;hórod&quot;. There's also &quot;molokó&quot; vs &quot;malakó&quot;, etc. It doesn't seem to hold true outside of the Eastern branch, as the Polish form of &quot;zemljá&quot;, &quot;zemia&quot;, is stressed on the first syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the cause of this pattern? Is this an Eastern Slavic thing which they inherited from their most recent common ancestor, did they borrow it from Church Slavonic, or is it simply that Belorussian and Ukrainian have for most of their recent history been treated as Russian dialects and come under heavy Russian influence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To speakers of the other Eastern Slavic languages, what are some exceptions to the rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4782" LastActivityDate="2016-11-06T19:33:25.587" Title="Why do stress patterns often match between cognates in Russian and Ukrainian?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;&lt;slavic&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13348" CreationDate="2016-10-14T11:56:56.003" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your claim is just wrong. While Russian and Ukrainian are very closely related indeed (so this is an answer to your question - why the majority of words that share same origin share same stress pattern as well), there are like a lot of words where the Ukrainian stress is counter-intuitive to a Russian monolingual speaker. In fact, if you'll give a Ukrainian text to Russian speaker he will certainly do noticeable amount of errors with stressing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm a Russian speaker who happened to visit Ukraine quite often and one of the hardest thing in Ukrainian is exactly not to make errors of this kind. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Off the top of my head:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;б&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt;ли&quot; - &quot;бул&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;ж&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;знь&quot; - &quot;житт&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;в&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;лосы&quot; - &quot;вол&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;сся&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;козл&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;нок&quot; - &quot;козен&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;п&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;мер&quot; - &quot;пом&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;р&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;my understanding of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognate&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;cognates&lt;/a&gt; (quite possibly was wrong)it's they are ethymologycally stem from one root, but ok, let me add some stricter examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;говор&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;шь&quot; - &quot;гов&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;риш&quot; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;стр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;шный&quot; - &quot;страшн&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;й&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;р&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;дкий&quot; - &quot;рiдк&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;й&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;хоч&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - &quot;х&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;чу&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;друг&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;й&quot; - &quot;др&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;гий&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;мыш&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ный&quot; - &quot;м&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;шачий&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;белизн&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; -  &quot;біл&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;зна&quot; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;нач&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;нка&quot; - &quot;н&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;чинка&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;распрод&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;жа&quot; - &quot;розпр&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;даж&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-16T15:18:13.867" LastActivityDate="2016-10-16T15:18:13.867" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13348" CreationDate="2016-10-16T09:31:50.667" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The history of the modern Russian language is remarkable in that it appeared from &lt;em&gt;convergence&lt;/em&gt; of two distinct dialects in about equal parts (Nothern and South-Eastern; only the latter you might call 'the speech of Kievan Rus'). The 'Northern' (or Novgorod/Pskov) dialect predates the Ukranian/Russian/etc. languages per se; it stands in equal opposition to other Slavic groups including the Western one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://elementy.ru/nauchno-populyarnaya_biblioteka/431649/Ob_istorii_russkogo_yazyka&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;More info&lt;/a&gt; if you read in Russian (esp. second half).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a result, in &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; cases you find a perfect match with the south/eastern Slavic languages, while in others there is something different. This concerns not just the stress, but primarily grammatical and phonetical rules, of which stress is just a small part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example, I'll quote a small part from Zalisnyak I linked above:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...на северо-западе говорили &lt;em&gt;на руке&lt;/em&gt;, в то время как на востоке было &lt;em&gt;на руце&lt;/em&gt;. Сейчас мы говорим &lt;em&gt;целый&lt;/em&gt;, но &lt;em&gt;на руке&lt;/em&gt;. Это не что иное, как соединение того &lt;em&gt;целый&lt;/em&gt;, которое идет с востока, с тем &lt;em&gt;на руке&lt;/em&gt;, которое идет с северо-запада.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(You'll find &quot;на руци&quot; (руці etc.) in most other Slavic languages, including Ukrainian, Serbian or Czech).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With respect to stress, the Western Slavic languages underwent a more rapid change towards a more consistent stress pattern. Czech finished with all stress on the first syllable. Polish is a bit more difficult but is still way more consistent than Russian. Russian is still on its way, but linguists say a pattern is likely to emerge eventually. Which one we don't know yet. But perhaps partly due to its unique ancestry it may take longer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2016-10-16T09:31:50.667" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13322" CreationDate="2016-10-16T12:39:44.947" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here, &lt;code&gt;за&lt;/code&gt; is like English &lt;code&gt;in&lt;/code&gt;.  Like &lt;code&gt;in&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;за&lt;/code&gt; presents only after the verb specifying the action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;We will do it &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt; three hours. (Мы сделаем это &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; три часа.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It will take three hours to do it. (Literally: Займёт три часа сделать это. &#xA;Better: Это займёт три часа. )&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;One can cook borscht &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt; three hours - борщ можно приготовить &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; три часа.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;One can cook borscht &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt; about three hours - борщ можно приготовить примерно &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; три часа (часа &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; три - the stress here should be on &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It takes about three hours to cook borscht - чтобы приготовить борщ, нужно примерно три часа (около трёх часов, часа три); приготовление борща занимает около трёх часов.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2016-10-16T12:51:45.630" LastActivityDate="2016-10-16T12:51:45.630" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13352" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-16T18:14:37.350" Score="9" ViewCount="692" Body="&lt;p&gt;In all languages with genders I know the word for man is masculine, and the word for women is feminine. While this is still technically true for the word мужчина, it is the only Russian masculine word I know that declines like a feminine word ending in &quot;a&quot;. Can anyone give a historical reason why this is the case? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7925" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-17T14:04:22.683" LastActivityDate="2016-10-20T02:13:59.273" Title="Why does the word &quot;мужчина&quot; decline like a feminine noun?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13352" CreationDate="2016-10-16T19:01:21.197" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;the suffix &lt;code&gt;-ина&lt;/code&gt; doesn't seem native to Russian and 3 East Slavic languages in general, there's really a handful of words formed by it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;another masculine word of this pattern is &lt;code&gt;детина&lt;/code&gt;, in Ukrainian however &lt;code&gt;дитина&lt;/code&gt; is feminine and means quite what the root suggests, &lt;code&gt;a child&lt;/code&gt;, and not &lt;code&gt;a big guy&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in fact all Ukrainian words suffixed &lt;code&gt;-ина&lt;/code&gt; are feminine&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2016-10-16T19:01:21.197" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13352" CreationDate="2016-10-16T19:20:41.717" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not all words in Russian ending with -a are feminine, so the question is quite incorrect. When we use any definition, like &quot;clever&quot;, there appears masculine ending -ый, that shows we talk of a masculine: умный мужчина, while it would be -ая for femine: умная женщина. &#xA;The suffix -ина appears both in feminine and masculine words, masculine words like детина, мужчина were often used in conversational dialect, showing the brutality and big size of the matter :) In many dialects мужчина was used for rustics. Here is some information: &lt;a href=&quot;http://wordhist.narod.ru/genshina.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://wordhist.narod.ru/genshina.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7926" LastActivityDate="2016-10-16T19:20:41.717" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13352" CreationDate="2016-10-16T19:22:34.630" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;it is the only Russian word I know that declines like a feminine word ending in &quot;a&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дядя&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;юноша&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;мальчишка&lt;/em&gt; etc. There are also many words which can be both masculine and feminine, e.g. &lt;em&gt;судья&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;забияка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сквалыга&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;размазня&lt;/em&gt; and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the question is ill-formed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-10-16T19:22:34.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13356" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13357" CreationDate="2016-10-16T21:56:21.293" Score="7" ViewCount="655" Body="&lt;p&gt;When one should chooser &quot;чьи это книги?&quot; and when &quot;чьи эти книги?&quot;. Or are these forms completely interchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7330" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-20T17:28:00.323" LastActivityDate="2019-07-20T17:28:00.323" Title="Why &quot;чьи это книги&quot; and not &quot;чьи эти книги&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13356" CreationDate="2016-10-16T23:28:55.280" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Will it make sense to you if I say, &quot;because &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; is a picture-frame rather than a tag&quot;? In other words, &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; refers to the abstract, uncountable &quot;stuff we're looking at&quot;, rather than to be a marker attached to the books themselves, as in the English &quot;Whose books are these?&quot;. You &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; ask &lt;strong&gt;Чьи эти книги?&lt;/strong&gt;, but it will sound weirdly &quot;off&quot;, at least if you were pointing to the actual books. The variant with &lt;strong&gt;эти&lt;/strong&gt; can (at least in some cases) sound natural when what you're asking is &quot;whose are these books?&quot; rather than &quot;whose books are these?&quot; – i.e. when &quot;these&quot; is a contextual reference rather than a literal indication. But even there, I must say, I can't quite come up with satisfactory everyday examples. The abstract, independent, generalising &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; is just so much more common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2016-10-16T23:35:32.713" LastActivityDate="2016-10-16T23:35:32.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13356" CreationDate="2016-10-17T04:39:31.277" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In such cases people say &quot;it's just as it is&quot;. Note:we use a declined  form of this determiner«Эта книга чья? Эти книги чьи?» only before the noun in emphatic sentences.Used in post- position the pronoun is not declined and the sentence sounds more neutral. Though we can't deny grammaticality of a declined pronoun used in postposition, we don't use it as a rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-10-17T04:39:31.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13259" CreationDate="2016-10-17T05:00:29.037" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are really no clitics here. But there is a subtle difference between the first word order and the second. &quot;Я сказал тебе&quot; is a little bit more neutral, as &quot;тебе&quot; is a direct object and it should follow the verb. See the link: &lt;a href=&quot;http://rosental-book.ru/styli_xlii.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://rosental-book.ru/styli_xlii.html&lt;/a&gt; &#xA;We put the verb in the end of the sentence when it's necessary to underline the fact of the action. So we use &quot;Я тебе сказал&quot; order when blaming someone for not doing what we said, and it is the only right word order for doing that :) Or, it works if someone doesn't believe that we have said whatever it was. For a native speaker the version ending with the verb sounds a little more harsh :) Though we all use both orders, using intonation to get the message across.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7926" LastActivityDate="2016-10-17T05:00:29.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13352" CreationDate="2016-10-17T06:42:19.460" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because they have the same origin (from abstract words).&#xA;This word is not a single example of nouns ending with -а belonging to the masculine gender. But it is interesting that it appeared rather late and in Old Russian we had &lt;strong&gt;муж&lt;/strong&gt;(see Фасмер ).&#xA;I will try to translate the essential part of that interesting article. &#xA;The word &lt;em&gt;мужчина&lt;/em&gt; originated from the noun with generalized meaning &lt;strong&gt;мужьщина&lt;/strong&gt;, formed from the adjective  &lt;strong&gt;мужьскъ&lt;/strong&gt; with the suffix  &lt;strong&gt;-ина&lt;/strong&gt;; Compare: женщина, деревенщина etc. (Соболевский, Лекции, с. 111).  The word came into being not earlier than XV — XVI centuries. It was not mentioned in the book  («Материалы для словаря древнерусского языка» И. И. Срезневский.) А. А. Потебня used this word to illustrate the change in the meaning (general--collective --individual ).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Thus, мужьчина meant the quality of the person who was мужьскъ (manly ). (Потебня, Из зап. по русск. грам., 3, с. 33).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Д. И. Буслаев and А. А. Потебня ...analysed the reasons of transition of general, abstract or collective nouns into those denoting a person  (like слуга, служба, простота, старина, мужчина и т. п.)  showing how words of common gender (ending with -a) developed (Виноградов. Русск. язык, с. 67).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-10-17T06:59:15.547" LastActivityDate="2016-10-17T06:59:15.547" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13361" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-17T17:44:00.797" Score="5" ViewCount="1957" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can someone provide good explanation about word - &quot;так&quot;? For example what does word &quot;так&quot; means in &quot;Меня так не з&lt;strike&gt;а&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt;вут&quot;, or &quot;Вот так&quot;, or &quot;Так вот&quot;. Maybe someone knows good article or something about word &quot;так&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7929" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-10-17T18:54:59.507" LastActivityDate="2016-10-18T21:24:37.170" Title="Meaning of &quot;так&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13361" CreationDate="2016-10-17T18:11:07.347" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;i'm sure there's translation of the word in the Ru-En dictionary, one of which is &lt;code&gt;so&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Меня так не зoвут - They don't call me so&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот так - Like so&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так вот - So&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2016-10-17T18:11:07.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13361" CreationDate="2016-10-17T22:16:12.363" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Roughly speaking it's translated as &lt;code&gt;so&lt;/code&gt; (as it is mentioned in other answer here) or &lt;code&gt;this/that way&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Со мной никто так не будет обращаться - Nobody will treat me that way.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;[нужно делать] вот так! - [one should do it] this way! &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Так вот надо использовать топор - Here's how it is supposed to use an axe.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вот так я стал моряком - this is how I became a sailor. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2016-10-18T21:24:37.170" LastActivityDate="2016-10-18T21:24:37.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13259" CreationDate="2016-10-18T09:27:35.283" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The default, unmarked word order is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я тебя спросил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я тебе сказал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither of the sentences look finished, so to provide other info one has to see the full phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-10-26T12:11:46.407" LastActivityDate="2016-10-26T12:11:46.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13365" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13367" CreationDate="2016-10-18T14:21:13.407" Score="6" ViewCount="583" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to explain the difference to someone who's not a native Russian speaker?&#xA;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты любишь свою маму?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты любишь твою маму?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second example sounds a bit wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7932" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-10-18T15:18:01.077" LastActivityDate="2016-10-19T11:27:01.927" Title="Difference between &quot;свою&quot; and &quot;твою&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;местоимения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-10-19T11:14:43.457" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13366" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13365" CreationDate="2016-10-18T14:55:13.460" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;That is easy.We use &lt;strong&gt;свой(свою)&lt;/strong&gt; with all personal pronouns.Here &lt;strong&gt;mom&lt;/strong&gt; is a close relation of the person ( here the subject ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я люблю &lt;strong&gt;свою&lt;/strong&gt; маму. (I love my mum) Ты любишь &lt;strong&gt;свою&lt;/strong&gt; маму?(Do you love your mom? )Мы любим &lt;strong&gt;своих&lt;/strong&gt; мам.(we love our moms)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is the case when in English the subject corresponds to the possessive adjective. We &lt;strong&gt;don't&lt;/strong&gt; say &lt;strong&gt;ты --твою&lt;/strong&gt;.  When it doesn't, we use possessive adjectives according to the meaning. &lt;strong&gt;Mom&lt;/strong&gt; is not a relative of the person (the subject ).The agent is not necessarily a subject in the sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я видел твою маму вчера. Она видела мою маму.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-10-19T11:27:01.927" LastActivityDate="2016-10-19T11:27:01.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13365" CreationDate="2016-10-18T20:44:02.090" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Свой&lt;/em&gt; is used as a possessive pronoun for the agent (not necessarily subject) in the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я люблю свою маму&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Солдату приказали принести свою винтовку (&lt;em&gt;солдат&lt;/em&gt; is not a subject but still the agent for &lt;em&gt;принести&lt;/em&gt;. There is no agent for &lt;em&gt;приказали&lt;/em&gt;, so &lt;em&gt;своя&lt;/em&gt; unequivocally refers to &lt;em&gt;солдат&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is more than one agent in the sentence, it can be somewhat confusing what does &lt;em&gt;свой&lt;/em&gt; refer to, though usually the last mentioned agent is assumed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Папа попросил принести свой чемодан (&lt;em&gt;папа&lt;/em&gt; is only the agent in the sentence, so it's dad's suitcase)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Папа попросил маму принести свой чемодан (&lt;em&gt;папа&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;мама&lt;/em&gt; are both agents to different verbs, so the sentence can be parsed both ways, but most people would assume it's mom's suitcase)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are using a non-reflexive possessive pronoun, it should either refer to a third party (&lt;em&gt;он любит его маму&lt;/em&gt; &quot;he loves his (someone else's) mom&quot;) or resolve the ambiguity introduced by multiple agents (&lt;em&gt;папа попросил маму принести её чемодан&lt;/em&gt;). Otherwise it would sound a bit wrong indeed, as you have correctly noted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-10-18T20:44:02.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13368" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13375" CreationDate="2016-10-18T21:05:43.963" Score="4" ViewCount="2246" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been told it is Scholarly however this is impossible to type on a US keyboard. Could anyone please enlighten me as to what is the most common, or perhaps the most well understood by the average Russian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian#Transliteration_table&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; title=&quot;Transliteration Standards&quot;&gt;Transliteration Standards&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7937" LastActivityDate="2016-12-25T23:26:22.950" Title="What is the most common transliteration/romanization standard of Cyrillic?" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-10-20T21:16:42.313" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13370" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13352" CreationDate="2016-10-18T21:21:36.810" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It doesn't decline like a feminine noun. It declines like a noun of the first declension, which includes both masculine and feminine nouns ending in -а or -я. Examples of first declension masculine nouns are возница, старшина, дядя, папа, юноша. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="6725" LastEditDate="2016-10-20T02:13:59.273" LastActivityDate="2016-10-20T02:13:59.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13372" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-19T14:36:29.460" Score="9" ViewCount="927" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm aware that о is added to some prepositions for historical reasons in some combinations (со дня, ко мне, во сне, etc.). A student recently asked why we usually say с днём рождения instead of со днём рождения and I didn't have an answer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quick checks at ruscorpora.ru and Google's Ngram Viewer suggest со днём is used, but much less frequently than с днём; I'm wondering if there's a reason for that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A question especially for native speakers: do you feel a difference between с днём and со днём?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-05T17:41:16.717" LastActivityDate="2016-11-05T17:41:16.717" Title="со днём vs. с днём" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13372" CreationDate="2016-10-19T14:58:51.717" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;there is a rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) before many words,started with 2 or more con somatic, especially with „р“, „л“, „н“, &quot;с&quot; (example – со льдом, со шторами, со зла, со всяким, со многими, со мною, со всеми and other.);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Before all words started with 2 or more consomatic if first one is &quot;с&quot;, &quot;з&quot;  (со стыда, со смеху, со страху, со слезами, со ста, со сроками, со своими, со стола, со звездой, со сна, со стариком, со стрелой, со зла, со службы, со слов, со знанием and other.);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) Before words started with &quot;щ&quot; sound (со щами, со щукой, со щенком, со счастьем и др.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7923" LastActivityDate="2016-10-19T14:58:51.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13372" CreationDate="2016-10-19T17:34:32.110" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Preposition &lt;strong&gt;со&lt;/strong&gt; is used:&#xA;1)before words which begin with &lt;em&gt;с,з,ш,ж + consonant&lt;/em&gt; or with  consonant &lt;em&gt;щ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;со славой, со звездой, со шкафа, со жгутом, со щами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2)before the genitive and instrumental case of the following one-syllable words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;лев, лёд, лён, лоб, мох, ров, рот&lt;/strong&gt;(схватка со львом, виски со льдом)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) with &lt;strong&gt;мной, мною&lt;/strong&gt;(со мной, со мною)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4)with forms of tbe words &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вошь, весь, всякий, всяческий, вторник, второй, второе, многие, многое&lt;/strong&gt; (со многими людьми, со всяким встречным)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5)with idioms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;со вкусом (to do something ), со вниманием( attentively ), со временем (in the future)--со временем все наладится, со двора (уйти), со дна (достать), со дня на день (soon), со дня (as a point in time for counting)--со дня свадьбы прошел месяц.&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;But&lt;/strong&gt; : &#xA;  Фотографии с дня рождения.(taken on that very day)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6)with &lt;strong&gt;вчерашний&lt;/strong&gt; we use both с and со &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;с вчерашнего дня и со вчерашнего дня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7) Besides, &lt;strong&gt;со&lt;/strong&gt; is used in solemn speech, archaic, humorous,folklore styles, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;со товарищи, со Ильей со Муромцем, со крестом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, с днем рождения, фотографии с дня рождения,but:со дня рождения прошло несколько дней.со днем is archaic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.The sources are reliable :Розенталь and new.gramota.ru.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-10-20T07:19:43.030" LastActivityDate="2016-10-20T07:19:43.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13368" CreationDate="2016-10-20T03:16:24.893" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is none, really, unless you &lt;em&gt;have to&lt;/em&gt; abide by a legal standard (e.g. when making a passport). People use whatever they think is right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the table on your link, I would suggest that the &quot;Passport (1997)&quot; is the most common and clear. (Newer passport standards are actually worse; they were made primarily to conform to the older ICAO standard).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Scholarly is more common for the academic use; but for the same reason as yours (difficulty of typing) it is not commonly used elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nevertheless, the differences between these systems are relatively minor, and all can be read with comparable difficulty. There are more drastic schemes where, for example, similarities between the scripts (glyphs) are used, e.g. &lt;code&gt;kolxo3&lt;/code&gt; or even &lt;code&gt;ko/\xo3&lt;/code&gt; (= &lt;code&gt;колхоз&lt;/code&gt;), but please don't use them, it really sucks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, reading translit is always a pain, and in this day and age there is little justification for using it in normal writing. There are enough online services (&lt;a href=&quot;http://winrus.com/keyboard.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;for example&lt;/a&gt;) that let you type Cyrillic text (using some form of a translit) live without installing a Russian keyboard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2016-10-20T03:16:24.893" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13342" CreationDate="2016-10-20T03:26:28.173" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я скучаю по тебе - I miss you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;actually means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне скучно без тебя - I'm bored without you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="209" LastActivityDate="2016-10-20T03:26:28.173" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13377" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13380" CreationDate="2016-10-20T09:48:58.800" Score="4" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;Take this sentence: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но похоже, что русским настолько неприятна мысль о геморрое и&#xA;  сложностях, &lt;strong&gt;связанных с его лечением&lt;/strong&gt;, что они решили называть этим&#xA;  словом любые трудности, с которыми сталкиваются.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume связанных is the prepositional plural of связанный, but is it a declension of связанный the adjective or связанный the past passive participle of the verb связать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="6354" LastEditDate="2016-10-21T07:16:12.897" LastActivityDate="2016-10-21T07:16:12.897" Title="In &quot;связанных с его лечением&quot;, is связанных an adjective or a participle?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13377" CreationDate="2016-10-20T09:58:40.630" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say this is &quot;the past passive participle of the verb связать&quot;. Actually, I might have lost some of my Russian grammar, but I feel that the word 'past' is redundant here as I struggle to think of a 'present passive participle' from 'связать'.&#xA;The construction is called 'причастный оборот', it follows the noun it relates to ('сложностях') and is embraced in commas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2016-10-20T16:16:00.323" LastActivityDate="2016-10-20T16:16:00.323" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13377" CreationDate="2016-10-20T10:33:04.383" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://thedifference.ru/otlichie-prilagatelnogo-ot-prichastiya/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;an article on the difference between participles and adjectives&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;lists 5 counts of difference&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Прилагательное является самостоятельной частью речи. Причастие представляет собой особую форму глагола.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Прилагательные имеют разряды по значению и делятся на качественные, относительные и притяжательные. Причастия не имеют такой характеристики.&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Причастие обладает морфологическими признаками прилагательного и глагола.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;У прилагательного глагольных признаков быть не может.    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Прилагательные образуются от имен существительных. Причастия – от основы глагола.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Прилагательные, в отличие от причастий, не могут иметь зависимых слов в предложении.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Judging by these principles &lt;code&gt;связанный&lt;/code&gt; is a participle &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2016-10-20T10:33:04.383" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13368" CreationDate="2016-10-20T11:23:58.197" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, the transliteration system depends on the language into which you transliterate the Russian name. For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Пётр Ильич Чайковский&lt;/a&gt; is transliterated as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky&lt;/a&gt; in English, &lt;a href=&quot;https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pjotr_Iljitsch_Tschaikowski&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pjotr Iljitsch Tschaikowski&lt;/a&gt; in German, &lt;a href=&quot;https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_Ilitch_Tcha%C3%AFkovski&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Piotr Ilitch Tchaïkovski&lt;/a&gt; in French, &lt;a href=&quot;https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_Ilich_Chaikovski&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Piotr Ilich Chaikovski&lt;/a&gt; in Spanish, &lt;a href=&quot;https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABtr_Il%27i%C4%8D_%C4%8Cajkovskij&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pëtr Il'ič Čajkovskij&lt;/a&gt; in Italian, etc., etc. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.boutler.de/translit/trans.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Transliteration of the Russian alphabet&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; contains a comparative overview of translitations of Cyrillic in 12 languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look at the Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Romanization of Russian&lt;/a&gt; you will notice that there are different transliteration system just for English, for example, the system used by the American Library Association and the Library of Congress (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/russian.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ALA-LC&lt;/a&gt;), British Standard &lt;a href=&quot;http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000000090651&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BS 2979:1958&lt;/a&gt;, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Passports are not the only area where consistent transliterations are important. Library catalogues are another one (although they can contain synonyms that &quot;redirect&quot; to the library's &quot;official&quot; transliteration system). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt;: ISO has a number of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_ics/catalogue_ics_browse.htm?ICS1=01&amp;amp;ICS2=140&amp;amp;ICS3=10&amp;amp;&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;standards related to transliteration&lt;/a&gt;, one of which is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?ics1=01&amp;amp;ics2=140&amp;amp;ics3=10&amp;amp;csnumber=3589&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ISO 9:1995: Information and documentation -- Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters -- Slavic and non-Slavic languages&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7864" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditDate="2016-12-25T23:26:22.950" LastActivityDate="2016-12-25T23:26:22.950" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13377" CreationDate="2016-10-20T15:27:35.817" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You cannot form an adjective from a perfective verb, only a participle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some idiomatic adjectives (&lt;em&gt;назва&amp;#x301;ный, смышлёный, посажёный&lt;/em&gt;) which are historically perfective participles, however, they are fossils.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Связанный&lt;/em&gt; is a participle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-10-20T15:27:35.817" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13383" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-20T19:53:57.213" Score="4" ViewCount="237" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's an English &lt;a href=&quot;http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/put+on+the+spot&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;expression&lt;/a&gt; &quot;to put somebody on the spot&quot; which, among other meanings includes following one: &quot;to ask someone forthright questions&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, if you are asking someone about some hard decision he/she was supposed to make, an answer can be: &quot;Don't put me on the spot, I have not decided anything yet&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is - what will be the best match in Russian. &#xA;Off the top of my head it's something like &quot;не хочется вам досаждать / вас пытать раньше времени&quot; but I guess there are some better alternatives out there.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2016-10-22T06:05:12.257" Title="How to say &quot;to put you on the spot&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13384" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-20T20:01:10.150" Score="6" ViewCount="526" Body="&lt;p&gt;In South Park episodes, Kenny's mom usually wears a t-shirt which says &quot;I'm with stupid&quot;, and an arrow pointing towards a person standing next to her.  How would you translate &quot;I'm with stupid&quot; into Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7945" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-20T20:20:03.777" LastActivityDate="2020-09-21T05:11:17.137" Title="Как перевести &quot;I'm with stupid&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13384" CreationDate="2016-10-20T20:09:40.160" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;if i get &lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/166704/why-does-im-with-stupid-have-a-positive-connotation&quot;&gt;the meaning&lt;/a&gt; of the phrase, for example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я согласен с этим дурачком   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the problem with this rendering is that it's not unisex&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to circumvent this limitation a unisex pejorative may be used, but the adjective is still gender specific&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я согласен с этим чучелом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a more wordy but gender neurtal version would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы единомышленники с этим чучелом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:38:12.067" LastActivityDate="2016-10-20T20:35:43.433" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13383" CreationDate="2016-10-20T20:32:06.520" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ставить в неловкое положение&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Загонять в угол&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Припереть к стен(к)е&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-10-21T06:53:44.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13254" CreationDate="2016-10-21T08:32:04.617" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;code&gt;убраться&lt;/code&gt; in the meaning &quot;to clean something&quot; is marked in the dictionary as vernacular. So both the constructions are synonymous but only one of them could be accepted in a weel-edited newspaper, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;code&gt;учить&lt;/code&gt; is rather more literal than &lt;code&gt;учиться&lt;/code&gt;. It's more concentrated in the process of learning: sitting at home and repeating the words or rules. &lt;code&gt;Учиться&lt;/code&gt; in such conctructions rather means &quot;he spent some time with the subject and got useful knowledge&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This difference is not so actual for languages (because learning languages is alsways hard), but could be more noticeable with math.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он учил математику 6 лет &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;really means that he visited the lectures, learned rooles and read books, so made something visible. And he himself invested in this &lt;strong&gt;process&lt;/strong&gt; really much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он учился математике 6 лет&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means that he also learned math but the speaker is more concentrated on the &lt;strong&gt;fact&lt;/strong&gt; that &quot;he&quot; was learning something. but theoretically maybe it was without books and he got all his knowledge &quot;from the air&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6274" LastActivityDate="2016-10-21T08:32:04.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13384" CreationDate="2016-10-21T08:46:33.710" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian speakers usually &lt;em&gt;don't include themselves&lt;/em&gt; into such an expression. The second meaning of it if written on a T-shirt ('my companion is stupid' or 'I accompany this psycho' - &lt;em&gt;этот придурок - со мной&lt;/em&gt;) is lost here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;этот придурок прав (= а ведь прав этот придурок)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;тупой, а соображает (= он хоть и тупой, а иногда соображает)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bit &lt;em&gt;different&lt;/em&gt; situation, but it is more typical in Russian to indulgently agree with a stupid person in &lt;em&gt;anything&lt;/em&gt; they do or say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... И не оспоривай глупца. (А.С. Пушкин, &quot;Памятник&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;что с него (дурака) возьмёшь?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;дуракам закон не писан&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-10-21T08:46:33.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13383" CreationDate="2016-10-21T16:32:32.743" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Don't put me on the spot, I have not decided anything yet&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не дави на меня, я еще не решил/определился.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3713" LastActivityDate="2016-10-21T16:32:32.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13372" CreationDate="2016-10-21T17:24:17.923" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;С/cо днем пришла метель и пурга == (С наступившим днем/вместе с днем) пришла метель и пурга.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Со/c вчерашнего дня, метель и пурга все никак не могли успокоиться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;V.V. pointed some rules out, and it feels like there is slight difference, but if there are some practical reasons (like outside noises,  difficulties to pronounce(cold, tongue is frozen and not flexible enough)) to say со дня, со днем - it will be perfectly fine to say in that way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although there will be a difference in pronunciation, &quot;со дня&quot; is more fused pronunciation &quot;содня&quot;, where &quot;с дня&quot; more separate(not necessary, but kinda tends to). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when it gets about writing, &quot;o&quot; is just a letter we do not need much in that case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So answering - &quot;do you feel a difference between с днём and со днём?&quot; - yes, I do, but for me this difference have more practical sense as difficulties of pronunciation and laziness to write in first place. And that &quot;с дня&quot; is more &quot;the day/this particular day as object&quot; and &quot;со дня&quot; is more like period of time, since particular day. Although in most cases(which I come-up at the moment) с/со are interchangeable in usage with word день. (I would like to see example where it is not)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Also &quot;со дня&quot; is more relaxed, &quot;с дня&quot; is more city style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3713" LastActivityDate="2016-10-21T17:24:17.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13393" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13394" CreationDate="2016-10-21T18:11:30.320" Score="4" ViewCount="415" Body="&lt;p&gt;While reading a newspaper, I came across the word &lt;strong&gt;двушку-хрущевку&lt;/strong&gt;, and had a question concerning it. The full sentence reads: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;квартплата за двушку-хрущевку — 2,5-4,5 тысячи в месяц&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked up the word &lt;strong&gt;хрущевкa&lt;/strong&gt;, and it said that it is one of those pre-fabricated concrete apartment buildings built during the time of Xрущев. And my guess is that the &lt;strong&gt;двушку&lt;/strong&gt; refers to it being two bedrooms. I was wondering if there are any other common ways to refer to these type of buildings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6722" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-11-28T08:13:01.803" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T08:13:01.803" Title="Meaning and usage of двушку-хрущевку" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13393" CreationDate="2016-10-21T18:54:12.137" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not exactly &lt;code&gt;bedrooms&lt;/code&gt;, just two rooms, &lt;code&gt;a living room + a bedroom&lt;/code&gt; constitute а &lt;code&gt;двушка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just to clarify &lt;code&gt;хрущёвка&lt;/code&gt; refers to the type of building, not to an apartment, but for convenience of brevity it all has been lumped into a single term which includes designation of both the type of an apartment and the type of building&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another way is too verbose and thus uncommon&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;дом хрущёвской постройки&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or the complete term unpacked&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;двухкомнатная квартира в доме хрущёвской постройки&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another point is that if by &lt;code&gt;concrete&lt;/code&gt; you mean &lt;code&gt;constructed of panels&lt;/code&gt;, it's not the only type of &lt;code&gt;хрущёвкa&lt;/code&gt; as there're brick-made &lt;code&gt;хрущёвки&lt;/code&gt; as well&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-21T19:16:03.820" LastActivityDate="2016-10-21T19:16:03.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13395" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13397" CreationDate="2016-10-21T22:19:22.847" Score="6" ViewCount="244" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the title says, why are the surname and patronymic formed from Яков Яковлев and Яковлевич instead of *Яковов and *Яковович? Where did this &lt;strong&gt;-л-&lt;/strong&gt; come from? Is it simply because Яковлев(ич) is more euphonious than *Яковов(ич)? If so, аre there other examples where words or names formed from a root add an &lt;strong&gt;-л-&lt;/strong&gt; through the same process by which it was added to Яков?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, am I correct in thinking -л- was chosen for the same reasons -л- shows up in certain first-person verb conjugations, i.e. оставить --&gt; остав&lt;strong&gt;л&lt;/strong&gt;ю?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо заранее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7948" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-06T02:42:39.353" LastActivityDate="2016-11-06T02:42:39.353" Title="Why Яковлев/Яковлевич with the intrusive -л-?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13395" CreationDate="2016-10-22T00:28:08.810" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also, am I correct in thinking -л- was chosen for the same reasons -л- shows up in certain first-person verb conjugations, i.e. оставить --&gt; оставлю?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exactly, this is so called &quot;epenthetic l&quot;. It was inserted in Proto-Slavic between a labial consonant and &lt;em&gt;j&lt;/em&gt;, and is common for East Slavic languages in all positions, and all Slavic languages in the first syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's why we have word pairs like &lt;em&gt;земля / земной&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;рубль / рубить&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;травля / травить&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If so, аre there other examples where words or names formed from a root add an -л- through the same process by which it was added to Яков&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any root ending in a labial (&lt;em&gt;б&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;п&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ф&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;м&lt;/em&gt;) would add it if the paradigm requires putting a &lt;em&gt;j&lt;/em&gt; after it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The paradigm which gave &lt;em&gt;Яковлевич&lt;/em&gt; is not productive anymore, however you can see it fossilized in the names like &lt;em&gt;Ярославль, Переяслявль, Лихославль&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we take any productive paradigm, say, the one you mentioned, we can see it applies even to the words borrowed long after the Proto-Slavic split: &lt;em&gt;графить / графлю / графлёный&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-10-22T00:28:08.810" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13395" CreationDate="2016-10-22T05:46:05.037" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Surnames and patronimic names were formed with suffixes. The mystery of the surnames Ивлев(Иевлев) and Яковлев is explained in the book by &lt;strong&gt;Убенгаун Б.О. Русские фамилии&lt;/strong&gt;. They were  not formed directly from Christian names (Яков, Иов), but from the adjective with the suffix -л(ь)- meaning &quot;belonging to &quot;(Яковль, Иевль). We can still see this suffix in the names of old Russian cities (Ярославль-belonging to Ярослав (the king). They say the usage of two patronimic suffixes helped to avoid pronunciation difficulties.(-овов).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Яков--Яковль--Яковлев--Яковлевич.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-10-22T05:46:05.037" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13399" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13401" CreationDate="2016-10-22T13:03:38.773" Score="8" ViewCount="1026" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you say &quot;borrow&quot; or &quot;lend&quot; in Russian? My dictionary gives a number of different expressions, but I'm not sure if they are equivalent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;одолжить&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;дать/брать взаймы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;дать/брать в долг&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;дать/брать на время&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;занять&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;заимствовать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are all words and expressions which my dictionary lists as translations of &quot;borrow&quot; or &quot;lend&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe that &quot;дать/брать в долг&quot; specifically refers to lending/borrowing money; but what about the rest? What is the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5375" LastActivityDate="2019-04-25T15:02:11.330" Title="&quot;Borrow&quot; and &quot;lend&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13399" CreationDate="2016-10-22T13:20:13.440" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ОДОЛЖИТЬ&lt;/strong&gt;, -жу, -жишь; -олженный; совершенный вид 1. что кому. &lt;strong&gt;Дать взаймы. Одолжить кому-нибудь деньги&lt;/strong&gt; до зарплаты [неправильно употр. одолжить у кого-нибудь в значение “взять в долг”].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Занять&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;Взять на время, взаймы.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Надо занять денег, потому что будет много расходов. Л. Толстой, Анна Каренина.&#xA;[Дуся] с мелким жемчугом заколку У подруги заняла. Жаров, Варя Одинцова.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2016-10-22T13:26:20.837" LastActivityDate="2016-10-22T13:26:20.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13399" CreationDate="2016-10-22T14:04:22.083" Score="12" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Одолжить&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;to lend&quot;, can refer to money or to anything else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Можешь одолжить мне 1000 рублей до понедельника?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Could you lend me 1000 roubles until Monday?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often this word is used incorrectly in the opposite meaning,&quot;to borrow&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я одолжила у него 1000 рублей до понедельника.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;I borrowed 1000 roubles until Monday from him.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is considered &lt;strong&gt;wrong&lt;/strong&gt; by dictionaries and other official sources (for example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://ozhegov.info/slovar/?ex=Y&amp;amp;q=%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%96%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%AC&quot;&gt;http://ozhegov.info/slovar/?ex=Y&amp;amp;q=%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%96%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%AC&lt;/a&gt;), but is still commonly used in real life.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Занять&lt;/strong&gt; is the opposite to &lt;strong&gt;одолжить&lt;/strong&gt;, means &quot;to borrow&quot;. It also can refer to money and any kind of things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Займи у кого-нибудь 5000 рублей до моей зарплаты, пожалуйста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Please borrow 5000 roubles from someone until I get my salary.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This word is also often used &lt;strong&gt;incorrectly&lt;/strong&gt; in the opposite meaning (the same situation as in case of &quot;одолжить&quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Займи мне 500 рублей, пожалуйста!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Lend me 500 roubles, please!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дать взаймы&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;to lend&quot;, and &lt;strong&gt;взять взаймы&lt;/strong&gt; - &quot;to borrow&quot;. Both refer mostly either to money or to consumables, but usually not to things that are expected to be used for some time and then returned intact. These expressions seem to become a bit outdated nowadays, but are still in use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Он дал мне взаймы 5000 рублей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;He lended me 5000 roubles.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я взяла у соседей взаймы мешок муки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I borrowed a sack of flour from my neighbours.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дать/взять в долг&lt;/strong&gt; is similar to &lt;strong&gt;дать/взять взаймы&lt;/strong&gt;, but refers mostly to money and isn't outdated at all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дать/взять на время&lt;/strong&gt;, and also &lt;strong&gt;дать/взять напрокат&lt;/strong&gt;  means &quot;to lend/borrow&quot; when talking about items that are supposed to be returned intact. Not used for money and consumables.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Можешь дать мне на время свою тетрадь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Could you lend me your notebook?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я взяла у мамы напрокат швейную машинку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I borrowed a sewing-machine from my mother.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Заимствовать&lt;/strong&gt; usually means &quot;to borrow without return&quot;. It can refer not only to money and items, but also to non-material things, like cultural elements, technologies, words, and so on. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Римляне заимствовали свою мифологию у греков.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Romans borrowed their mythology from Greeks.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В русском языке много слов, заимствованных из французского.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;There are many words borrowed from French in Russian language.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="6725" LastEditDate="2016-10-22T18:42:53.057" LastActivityDate="2016-10-22T18:42:53.057" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13399" CreationDate="2016-10-22T14:04:24.750" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;одолжить&lt;/strong&gt; – the most generic one, working both ways (&quot;borrow&quot; is &lt;code&gt;одолжить у кого-либо&lt;/code&gt;, &quot;lend&quot; is &lt;code&gt;одолжить кому-либо&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;дать/брать взаймы&lt;/strong&gt; – money only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;дать/брать в долг&lt;/strong&gt; – money only; more likely to refer to borrowing/lending in the abstract than to a specific instance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;дать/брать на время&lt;/strong&gt; – I wouldn't even call this a set expression, it just seems to spell out how borrowing/lending works for any who may be unfamiliar with the idea or not quite sure it's what is meant. Can't think of where it would be particularly useful outside of the dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;занять&lt;/strong&gt; – money only again, and properly &quot;borrow&quot; only. You will also hear it with the dative meaning &quot;lend&quot;, but don't use it this way anywhere that style matters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;заимствовать&lt;/strong&gt; is for metaphorical borrowing (of words, concepts, story plots, cultural customs, etc.) It &lt;em&gt;can't&lt;/em&gt; be used in reverse to talk about metaphorical lending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-10-22T14:04:24.750" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13403" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13408" CreationDate="2016-10-22T15:01:08.347" Score="4" ViewCount="727" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's take a very simple sentence like &lt;em&gt;Меня зовут Анна.&lt;/em&gt; While typically translated as &quot;My name is Anna&quot; a more literal translation would be, &quot;They call me Anna,&quot; correct? Меня is the accusative, or direct object of the verb, зовут is the third-person plural form of звать, and Анна is the nominative form of the name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: Why is &lt;em&gt;Анна&lt;/em&gt; in the nominative and not an oblique case? Isn't the (implied) subject of the sentence &lt;em&gt;они&lt;/em&gt;, since the third-person plural form of the verb is used, and not &lt;em&gt;Анна&lt;/em&gt;? &lt;em&gt;(Они) Меня зовут Анна.&lt;/em&gt; This would give the sentence two subjects, one explicit (&lt;em&gt;Анна&lt;/em&gt;) and one implicit (&lt;em&gt;они&lt;/em&gt;), wouldn't it? If this is the case, is it common to have sentences with other verbs where this situation exists (i.e. using the implicit &quot;they&quot; conjugation of a verb and an explicit noun in the nominative simultaneously)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7948" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-21T21:52:47.437" LastActivityDate="2017-12-21T21:52:47.437" Title="Regarding case usage with звать" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;звать&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13404" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13403" CreationDate="2016-10-22T15:31:21.690" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe Анна is not the subject, but rather a quoted word. In other words you could rephrase it as &lt;code&gt;Меня зовут &quot;Анна.&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is true that the third person alone can be used as an alternative to the passive voice. Like in English saying &lt;code&gt;&quot;They play this song a lot.&quot;&lt;/code&gt; rather than &lt;code&gt;&quot;This song is played a lot.&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-10-22T15:31:21.690" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13403" CreationDate="2016-10-22T15:41:12.800" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;which oblique case would you suggest being appropriate here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the necessity of the Nominative case of the name &lt;code&gt;Анна&lt;/code&gt; i'd explain using a question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Меня зовут как? - They call me (as) what?&lt;/code&gt; and the answer calls for the Nominative i guess&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to have an oblique case the phrase can be changed into &lt;code&gt;Меня зовут Анной&lt;/code&gt;, this is a totally legitimate form which has unfortunately become pretty obsolete &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;this would answer the question &lt;code&gt;Меня зовут (называют) кем? - They call me as whom?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-10-24T07:28:21.493" LastActivityDate="2016-10-24T07:28:21.493" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13406" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-22T17:44:42.130" Score="4" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across the sentence: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;даже и&lt;/strong&gt; заме́длил до 85% и то не разобра́л текст.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...and wondered if the &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; is optional here, or if there are cases where the combination &lt;strong&gt;даже и&lt;/strong&gt; has a special meaning. In my understanding, both &lt;strong&gt;дажe&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; basically share the meaning of &lt;em&gt;even&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2017-02-17T23:54:28.647" Title="Interpretation of дажe и vs just даже" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;particles&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13406" CreationDate="2016-10-22T17:57:43.670" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;without the context it's not completely clear what this combination is suppose to connote, but i would guess that what's superfluous here is &lt;code&gt;даже&lt;/code&gt;, whereas &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; could indicate that &lt;code&gt;slowing down&lt;/code&gt; was another action among a few he undertook in order to hear the text&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if however he only meant that he specifically had made sure to hear the text by slowing down, then that's &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; which is superfluous&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but generally speaking this combination is an example of redundancy&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-10-22T17:59:57.327" LastActivityDate="2016-10-22T17:59:57.327" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13403" CreationDate="2016-10-22T20:12:03.167" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;An article from Толковый словарь русского языка.&#xA;ЗВАТЬ,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. кого (что) кем или им., или (при вопросе) как&lt;/strong&gt;. Именовать, называть.to call &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отец зовёт сына &lt;strong&gt;Ванюшей (Ванюша&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;зовут, звали и (прост.) звать кого кем или им., или (при вопросе) как.&lt;/strong&gt; Указывает на личное имя кого-нибудь shows a name of the person.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как тебя зовут (звать)? Мальчика зовут &lt;strong&gt;Вася (Васей)&lt;/strong&gt;. Этого человека звали &lt;strong&gt;Иван Иванович (Иваном Ивановичем)&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;  As you see, both variants are valid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-10-22T20:12:03.167" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13409" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13410" CreationDate="2016-10-23T15:26:45.557" Score="1" ViewCount="642" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between ь and ъ? Why do Russians use these letters?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user7955" LastEditorUserId="7267" LastEditDate="2016-10-25T07:20:00.020" LastActivityDate="2016-11-03T06:29:04.557" Title="Difference between ь and ъ" Tags="&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13409" CreationDate="2016-10-23T16:56:17.473" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have you tried reading about them? On wiki, for example: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_alphabet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Russian alphabet&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ъ&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_sign&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Ь&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Your second question does not make sense, really. They are used because they must be used for the correct spelling.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastActivityDate="2016-10-23T16:56:17.473" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13411" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13409" CreationDate="2016-10-23T22:09:04.103" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both letters change the pronuncation of preceding and/or succeeding letter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мягкий знак (ь) смягчает предшествующую согласную (а если она должна быть мягкой из-за того, что после неё стоит е,ё,и,ю,я , то она мягкой и остаётся). Если за мягким знаком следует гласная, она йотируется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Твёрдый знак (ъ) делает предшествующую согласную твёрдой и йотирует следующую за ним гласную. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что такое смягчать согласную? Послушайте слова &lt;code&gt;кон&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;конь&lt;/code&gt; и сравните звучание буквы &lt;code&gt;н&lt;/code&gt;.  Сравните звучание буквы &lt;code&gt;л&lt;/code&gt; в словах &lt;code&gt;больно&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;полно&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что такое йотировать гласную?  Сравните звучание буквы &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt; в словах &lt;code&gt;Коля&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;колья&lt;/code&gt;, буквы &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; в словах &lt;code&gt;въезд&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;весть&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2016-10-23T22:09:04.103" CommentCount="16" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13409" CreationDate="2016-10-24T07:34:40.380" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Твёрдый знак выполняет в русском языке &lt;strong&gt;разделительную функцию&lt;/strong&gt; — указывает, что &lt;em&gt;после согласного йотированная гласная буква обозначает не мягкость согласного, а два звука&lt;/em&gt;: я — [й’а], е — [й’э], ё — [й’о], ю — [й’у] (объять [абй’́ат’], съест [сй’эст], съёмка [сй’́омка]). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Функции мягкого знака сложнее. Он имеет в русском языке три функции — &lt;strong&gt;разделительную, функцию обозначения самостоятельной мягкости парных согласных, грамматическую функцию&lt;/strong&gt;:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мягкий знак может выполнять аналогичную разделительную функцию перед я, ю, е, ё, и внутри слова не после приставки (вьюга, соловьиный) и в некоторых иноязычных словах перед о: (бульон, компаньон). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мягкий знак может служить для обозначения самостоятельной мягкости парного согласного на конце слова и в середине слова перед согласным:конь, банька.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мягкий знак после непарного по твёрдости / мягкости согласного может выполнять грамматическую функцию — пишется по традиции в определённых грамматических формах, не неся никакой фонетической нагрузки (ср.: ключ — ночь, учится — учиться). При этом мягкий знак не обозначает мягкости не только у непарных твёрдых, но и у непарных мягких согласных. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-10-24T08:55:09.247" LastActivityDate="2016-10-24T08:55:09.247" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13406" CreationDate="2016-10-24T08:04:40.910" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sentence doesn't sound correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The combination &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;даже + и&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; is not typical (unlike &lt;strong&gt;хотя и&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ещё и&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.), at least it doesn't work in this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Замедлил is a typical &lt;em&gt;transitive&lt;/em&gt; verb and it needs a direct object used &lt;em&gt;explicitly&lt;/em&gt; here (like 'scrolling', 'browsing')&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possible solutions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я даже замедлил скорость (прокрутки) до 85%, &lt;strong&gt;и то&lt;/strong&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;но так и&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; разобрал текст.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Даже замедлив скорость до 85%, я (так и) не разобрал текст.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Хотя&lt;/strong&gt; я &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; замедлил скорость до 85%, я &lt;strong&gt;так и не&lt;/strong&gt; разобрал текст.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я (даже) замедлил скорость до 85%, но &lt;strong&gt;всё равно&lt;/strong&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;но так и&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; разобрал текст.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я, &lt;strong&gt;хотя и&lt;/strong&gt; замедлил скорость до 85%, &lt;strong&gt;так и не&lt;/strong&gt; разобрал текст.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;ещё и&lt;/strong&gt; [&lt;em&gt;= вдобавок к прочим усилиям&lt;/em&gt;] замедлил скорость (прокрутки) до&#xA;85%,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;но &lt;strong&gt;всё равно не&lt;/strong&gt; разобрал текст.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-10-24T08:04:40.910" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13415" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13418" CreationDate="2016-10-25T13:05:30.690" Score="5" ViewCount="283" Body="&lt;p&gt;These days one sees often the phrase &lt;em&gt;Кофе с собой&lt;/em&gt; at some coffee shops. It seems to be equivalent to &lt;em&gt;Coffee to go&lt;/em&gt;, but how does this contruction work? Does &lt;em&gt;собой&lt;/em&gt; refer to the coffee or the one who takes it along?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4432" LastActivityDate="2016-10-27T07:52:32.797" Title="What is the grammar in Кофе с собой?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13415" CreationDate="2016-10-25T13:35:22.067" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means the visitors can take their (likely, plastic) cup of coffee (&lt;strong&gt;with them&lt;/strong&gt;; literally '&lt;em&gt;with themselves&lt;/em&gt;') and go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-10-25T13:35:22.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13415" CreationDate="2016-10-25T13:55:45.980" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Взять с собой = take with oneself&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-10-25T13:55:45.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13415" CreationDate="2016-10-25T14:29:57.927" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кофе с собой? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is a short form of the question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы хотите взять кофе с собой?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where собой is a reflexive pronoun себя in the instrumental case corresponding to the personal pronoun &quot;you&quot;. Another variant is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вам сделать кофе с собой?(собой refers to you).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-10-25T14:29:57.927" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13415" CreationDate="2016-10-25T14:35:35.293" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;the phrase sounds counter-intuitive to me (i'm not disputing the fact of it being used somewhere)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the meaning i read into it is &lt;code&gt;one must BRING coffee with them&lt;/code&gt; NOT &lt;code&gt;TAKE AWAY with them&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;because in Russian so far as my life experience tells me &lt;code&gt;с собой&lt;/code&gt; usually &lt;code&gt;приносят&lt;/code&gt; and not &lt;code&gt;забирают/уносят&lt;/code&gt;, speaking usage wise&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the meaning of &lt;code&gt;taking away&lt;/code&gt; in the name of a service would be best conveyed with &lt;code&gt;кофе навынос&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2016-10-27T07:52:32.797" LastActivityDate="2016-10-27T07:52:32.797" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13421" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13425" CreationDate="2016-10-25T18:17:29.903" Score="6" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sentence is Сегодня страна является одним из 21 участник(-?) международного соглашения.&#xA;What should the ending of the noun be and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An addition &#xA;Ответ справочной службы русского языка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово страна-участница есть в русском литературном языке (оно зафиксировано, например, в «Русском орфографическом словаре» РАН). Но в строгом стиле письменной речи, в деловых документах даже по отношению к лицам женского пола используются существительные мужского рода (а страна – и вовсе неодушевленное существительное). Поэтому при вариативности страна-участница и страна-участник в официальных документах лучше всё же использовать форму мужского рода: страна – участник договора (если после слова участница / участник есть зависимое слово, используется не дефис, а тире).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-05T17:38:33.493" LastActivityDate="2016-11-05T17:38:33.493" Title="What should the ending be?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13421" CreationDate="2016-10-25T19:54:06.173" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если заменить в предложении число на числительное (что необходимо при произнесении предложения), то сложно себе представить иное окончание, кроме &lt;code&gt;-а&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сегодня страна является одним из двадцати одного участника международного соглашения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-10-25T19:54:06.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13423" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13424" CreationDate="2016-10-25T20:23:31.070" Score="8" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across a sentence on Duolingo that said&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пишу стихи, а потом читаю их маме.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that this sounds pretty 'out there,' but how do you know whether the sentence means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I write poems, and then read them to mom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I write poems, and then read to their mom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-10-26T18:41:23.743" Title="Distinguish meanings of их" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13423" CreationDate="2016-10-25T21:52:18.570" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Definitely the first option:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I write poems, and then read them to mom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because there is no other plural nouns in the sentence except &lt;code&gt;стихи&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-10-25T21:52:18.570" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13421" CreationDate="2016-10-26T04:29:09.760" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вообще-то, поскольку &quot;участник&quot; можно поставить в любой род, и состав всего коллектива стостоит только из стран (т.е. понятий ж.р.), правильнее говорить &quot;одной из ... участниц&quot; (в общем случае). Но в случае &quot;21&quot; согласовяние идет, как всегда, с последним словом:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сегодня страна является одной из двадцати одной участницы международного соглашения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Единственная проблема только в том, что &lt;em&gt;одной из двадцати одной участницы&lt;/em&gt; звучит бестолково из-за повтора. Тогда, если в м.р., то обычное согласование с &quot;один&quot; в род.п.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...одним из [двадцати|пятидесяти|N] одного участника&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2016-10-26T04:29:09.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13423" CreationDate="2016-10-26T07:44:52.880" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;oh, it is really an ambiguous conctruction. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but the first option comes to mind earlier, since the verb &lt;code&gt;читать&lt;/code&gt; needs logically an object in Accusative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6274" LastActivityDate="2016-10-26T07:44:52.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13423" CreationDate="2016-10-26T08:39:06.573" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In spoken language there's an alternate form which could sometimes be used to avoid such ambuguity. Of course, it's considered absolutely wrong (please, don't hurt me too much for even mentioning it) but in reality we all say such things from time to time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I write poems, and then read to their mom --&gt; Я пишу стихи, а потом читаю ихней маме&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also you can shift word order a little to prevent any possible misunderstanding, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I write poems, and then read them to mom --&gt; Я пишу стихи, а потом их читаю маме&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So returning to your question, yes, there's some room for ambuiguity here, but typically the context is enough to understand it correctly. If still unsure, there's a plenty of variations to avoid any mistake completely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-10-26T08:39:06.573" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13259" CreationDate="2016-10-26T14:36:18.683" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both word orders are acceptable, but there is a subtle difference in emphasis:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я тебя спросил. - I asked &lt;em&gt;you&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я спросил тебя. - I &lt;em&gt;asked&lt;/em&gt; you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-10-26T14:36:18.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13421" CreationDate="2016-10-26T15:22:18.920" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Страна, конечно же, будет участницей, а не участником, так как слово &quot;страна&quot; женского рода. Но вопрос, я так понимаю о том, в каком числе должно быть слово после числительного. Правило простое: если числительное в тектовой форме заканчивается на &quot;один&quot; (&quot;один&quot;, &quot;двадцать один&quot; и т.д.), то слово к которому это числительное относится будет в единственном числе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;один мальчик,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;двадцать одна девочка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это не совсем исключение, но стоит обратить внимание, что 11 (211 и т.д.) хоть и заканчиваются на 1, в текстовой форме выглядят как &quot;одиннадцать&quot;, &quot;двести одиннадцать&quot;, и т.д., то есть не заканчиваются на &quot;один&quot;. Поэтому&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;одиннадцать девочек,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;сто одиннадцать мальчиков,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;двести тридцать жирафов. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;После определения рода и числа нужно определить падеж и склонить сущствительное соответственно, но это уже совсем другая тема.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2016-10-26T15:22:18.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13423" CreationDate="2016-10-26T18:41:23.743" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use a colloquial form &quot;ихней маме&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-10-26T18:41:23.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12895" CreationDate="2016-10-27T08:07:57.563" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Google has &quot;Input tools&quot; which allow you to type in multiple languages using latin letters (including Russian):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/inputtools/try/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.google.com/inputtools/try/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1547" LastActivityDate="2016-10-27T08:07:57.563" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-03-28T22:09:41.450" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13432" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13441" CreationDate="2016-10-27T09:17:05.523" Score="6" ViewCount="1571" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes I am not sure and a little confused when to use &lt;code&gt;больше&lt;/code&gt; and when to use &lt;code&gt;более&lt;/code&gt;, can somebody explain it to me? For example which sentence is grammatically right?: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Надо больше пить.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Надо более пить.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5919" LastActivityDate="2016-11-01T19:14:16.030" Title="Больше vs. более" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13432" CreationDate="2016-10-27T20:51:52.590" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;этот стул больше - this chair is bigger - size or amount&lt;br&gt;&#xA;этот стул более удобный - this chair is more comfortable - comparison&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7977" LastActivityDate="2016-10-27T20:51:52.590" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13434" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-10-28T10:12:18.277" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-10-28T10:12:18.277" LastActivityDate="2016-10-28T10:12:18.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13435" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-10-28T10:12:18.277" Score="0" Body="Questions about group of words used together to express a single idea and/or having a single meaning." OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-11-16T03:21:32.183" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T03:21:32.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13436" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-28T11:57:51.597" Score="5" ViewCount="236" Body="&lt;p&gt;я совсем не знаю как я изучаю более чем год, без знании как спросить &quot;How do you spell that?&quot; в моём словарнный запас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7981" LastActivityDate="2016-10-28T15:35:15.643" Title="How to ask &quot;How do I spell x?&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13436" CreationDate="2016-10-28T12:58:29.353" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should use &quot;Как пишется слово Х&quot; to know how to write the word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are not sure how to read the word - ask &quot;как произносится это слово&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2016-10-28T12:58:29.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13436" CreationDate="2016-10-28T12:59:06.733" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I assume, by &quot;spell&quot; you mean 'to write correctly'. You say that as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Как [правильно] пишется X?&quot; (lit. 'How [correctly] is written X?')&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Как [правильно] написать X?&quot; (lit. 'How [correctly] to write X?')&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-10-28T12:59:06.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13436" CreationDate="2016-10-28T15:35:15.643" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you say &quot;how do you spell it(that)?&quot;, you expect the person to name each letter separately in order to write it down. Unfortunately, we don't have the verb with the same meaning. You can either ask &quot;how do you write that&quot; (&lt;strong&gt;как это пишется?&lt;/strong&gt;), because your purpose is to write it down, but if you don't achieve your goal, just add, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;по буквам, пожалуйста&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-10-28T15:35:15.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13432" CreationDate="2016-10-28T20:21:56.057" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In some cases Больше/более are used interchangeably, but they have also different meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A.Больше and более (bookish) used interchangeably:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;больше /более  (Excessing the quantity mentioned ),более is bookish.&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ждать больше /более часа. (to wait for more than an hour) Стоит больше/более трех рублей. (It costs more than three roubles)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.Idioms:&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Больше всего/более всего&lt;/strong&gt;(most of all)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Более всего ему сейчас следует опасаться простуды.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Больше того,/более того&lt;/strong&gt;--moreover , a transition to a more important part of the sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ваша деятельность бесполезна; более того, она даже вредна.(Your activity is useless, moreover it's harmful. )&#xA;  Умен, более того, талантлив(He is clever, and moreover, gifted.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Больше чем/ более чем&lt;/strong&gt; (more than, very, to a high extent )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;. Более чем интересно.(It's more than interesting)&#xA;  Ваше поведение более чем возмутительно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не больше чем / не более чем&lt;/strong&gt;(only)— &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это не более чем игра.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ни больше ни меньше как / Не более и не менее, как&lt;/strong&gt; (exactly )- &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Речь идет не более и не менее, как о франко-германском соглашении. (exactly )&#xA;  Опоздал ни больше ни меньше как на час&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;B.Больше .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.Больше  - далее,(&lt;strong&gt;not any more in the future&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Больше туда не ходи.(Don't go there any more) Больше не буду (promising not to do something bad any more)  Больше нет вопросов?(Any questions? )&#xA;  Более is archaic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-&lt;strong&gt;the comparative from большой и много&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Та комната больше.(That room is bigger)&#xA;  У него больше игрушек, чем у меня. (He has got more toys than me.) Надо тренироваться больше.(You should exercise more)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.. -mostly, mainly &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Шли больше лесом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;И больше ничего&lt;/strong&gt; (and that's all) &#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Делай, что говорят, и больше ничего.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;C.Более &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.&lt;strong&gt;forms the comparative degree&lt;/strong&gt; from adjectives and adverbs &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;более подвижные, более спокойный, более важно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.&#xA;2.Idioms:&#xA; &lt;strong&gt;Более или менее&lt;/strong&gt; —(to some extent ) [неправильно более-менее]. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Более или менее понятно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Тем более&lt;/strong&gt; (especially )— emphatic &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Климат здесь вредный, тем более для ребёнка; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;тем более (что)&lt;/strong&gt;.(moreover because )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Остаёмся дома, тем более собирается гроза. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;всё более и более&lt;/strong&gt;-(more and more) About something increasing or decreasing &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Гул всё более и более утихал. Отношения становились всё более и более натянутыми.&#xA;  About your examples, &#xA;  Надо больше пить.--больше is the comparative from много(quantity )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-10-30T04:21:01.683" LastActivityDate="2016-10-30T04:21:01.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13445" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-30T19:47:17.217" Score="4" ViewCount="306" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ты меня предал, теперь я преданный&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я верю тебе, я преданный&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В виду этого, что означает фраза «преданный последователь»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="7896" LastEditDate="2016-10-31T10:39:44.790" LastActivityDate="2016-10-31T17:33:25.630" Title="Как понять, какой смысл у слова «преданный»?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13445" CreationDate="2016-10-30T20:39:56.563" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an adjective &lt;code&gt;преданный&lt;/code&gt; meaning dedicated, devoted (about a person).  There is also a participle &lt;code&gt;преданный&lt;/code&gt; (past participle passive) from the verb &lt;code&gt;предать&lt;/code&gt;.  &lt;code&gt;Преданный&lt;/code&gt; as a participle means (one who was) betrayed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Преданный последователь&lt;/code&gt; means either devoted follower or betrayed follower, depending on the context.  If there is no context information, the first sense (devoted follower) is the most probable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2016-10-30T20:39:56.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13445" CreationDate="2016-10-30T21:18:39.600" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your first example is a very unnatural use of this word. You could almost always assume that &quot;преданный&quot; means &quot;devoted&quot;. In those cases where &quot;преданный&quot; means &quot;betrayed&quot; it is used with instrumental case (i.e. betrayed by whom) - &quot;преданный тобой/союзниками/итд&quot;. Or at least it is obvious from the context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-31T17:27:26.280" LastActivityDate="2016-10-31T17:27:26.280" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13448" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-31T05:23:04.033" Score="7" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I can tell, the Russian equivalent of the English phrase &quot;to add smb&quot; with regards to social media accounts like Facebook, VKontakte, etc. is &quot;добавлять/добавить в друзья.&quot; My question is: why is друзья in the nominative case? Why not в друзей? Is it because друзья isn't being used to mean &quot;friends&quot; in the animate sense of &quot;intimate acquaintances,&quot; but instead has taken on a second meaning -- &quot;friends list&quot; -- which would be inanimate and thus not change its form in the accusative case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7948" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-10-31T17:21:41.133" LastActivityDate="2016-10-31T17:25:49.677" Title="&quot;Добавить в друзья&quot; - why nominative?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13448" CreationDate="2016-10-31T06:31:28.717" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're on the right track, but the meaning is more abstract than &quot;friends list&quot;; it's more like the &quot;state of being a friend&quot; in general. Compare &lt;strong&gt;записать в члены общества&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;вывести в генералы&lt;/strong&gt;, etc. It seems to be one of the &quot;lesser cases&quot; in Russian (like the partitive-genitive &lt;strong&gt;выпить чаю&lt;/strong&gt; and the locative-prepositional &lt;strong&gt;в снегу&lt;/strong&gt;). I might call it translative-accusative but that's just my own ad hoc term. It's been discussed here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/12649/what-form-is-%D0%B2-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8/&quot;&gt;What form is “в гости”?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2016-10-31T06:31:28.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13451" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-10-31T14:26:36.003" Score="7" ViewCount="251" Body="&lt;p&gt;When listing things in Russian language using commatas, do you use an и before the last thing (e.g. столы, стулья и полки or just столы, стулья, полки)? I've seen some internet pages omitting the &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; but it's not explained anywhere so I don't know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7999" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-06T02:46:26.837" LastActivityDate="2016-11-06T02:46:26.837" Title="Enumerations in Russian - is an `и` needed?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13451" CreationDate="2016-10-31T14:34:40.477" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The last &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; isn't required, but its usage is pretty natural in the most cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-10-31T14:34:40.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13448" CreationDate="2016-10-31T17:19:56.720" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I actually disagree with @NikolayErshov on this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While we indeed have in Russian &quot;small cases&quot; for this particular example it's easier.  It's actually because it's short for something like &quot;добавить в [категорию] друзья&quot;. The same happens when you, say, adding files for some designated folder - when one says &quot;добавить в &quot;Избранное&quot; - he/she actually intend to say &quot;добавить в [папку] &quot;Избранное&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2016-10-31T17:19:56.720" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13445" CreationDate="2016-10-31T17:33:25.630" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Когда обращаются к маленькой девочке с вопросом &quot;подай мне ручку&quot; - как понять, имеется ли ввиду шариковая ручка или анатомическая конечность. Из одной этой фразы - никак. Есть масса таких примеров - в том числе из-за них машинный перевод штука сложная.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возвращаясь к вашему пример - &quot;преданный последователь&quot; &lt;em&gt;формально&lt;/em&gt; может означать последователя, которого предали, но &lt;em&gt;по факту словоупотребления&lt;/em&gt; любой русскоговорящий сразу поймёт, что речь идёт тут всё-таки о горячо преданном какому-то либо делу / идеологии человеке. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И если придётся говорить о преданном &lt;em&gt;кем-то&lt;/em&gt; последователе, то так и скажу, чтобы не было лишней путаницы - &quot;преданные руководителем партии рядовые её члены&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2016-10-31T17:33:25.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13451" CreationDate="2016-10-31T18:04:00.063" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both cases &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;столы, стулья, полки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;столы, стулья и полки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;are appropriate. The &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; conjunction (in russian - &lt;code&gt;союз&lt;/code&gt;) before the last element points the last element and logically completes the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another option is logical pairing/binding, f.e.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;столы и стулья, полки и шкафы, серванты и лавки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;this could be used to logically group item pairs, or to subscribe the long enumeration (plenty of elements).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7896" LastEditorUserId="7896" LastEditDate="2016-11-02T18:11:37.763" LastActivityDate="2016-11-02T18:11:37.763" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13451" CreationDate="2016-10-31T18:23:30.913" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's up to you to decide whether to use и or not. In colloquial  speech, the rules are not strict. But in written speech, especially in scientific works they do exist. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the last word in enumeration is added without the conjunction &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;, the chain is meant and perceived as unfinished and open for possible addition (in some cases the words &lt;em&gt;и так далее&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;и тому подобное&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;и прочее&lt;/em&gt; can be used).&#xA;An example from a scientific text:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Инфекции могут подразделяться на антропонозы (полиомиелит, менинго- кокковая инфекция, вирусный гепатит и др.) и зоонозы (бешенство, бруцеллез, лептоспироз, туляремия и пр.). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Enumeration is considered finished when the last word is linked with the conjunction &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;. The conjunction shows that the list is complete , exhaustive  and doesn't require additional information. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Музыкальные звуки различаются по силе, высоте и тембру. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-01T04:14:12.153" LastActivityDate="2016-11-01T04:14:12.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13458" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13463" CreationDate="2016-10-31T18:31:22.837" Score="5" ViewCount="579" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across this sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Кому как, конечно, это дело вкуса, я так просто, для примера.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Something about &lt;strong&gt;кому как&lt;/strong&gt; just feels off or unnatural to me. Maybe its because I assume the literal translation to be &quot;how to whom&quot; or &quot;what to whom&quot;, which sound strange.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand it is equivalent to the English expression &quot;to each his own&quot;, but I'm not satisfied with this. I want to think of it as a native Russian speaker would, not simply understand its general meaning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't necessarily need a meaningful literal translation, though this might be helpful. For example, a logical way to approach or think about it would be great. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe it's one of those linguistic cases where one must simply accept it for what it is, and not overthink it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6354" LastEditorUserId="6354" LastEditDate="2016-10-31T21:34:46.867" LastActivityDate="2016-11-19T04:30:55.863" Title="Making sense of &quot;кому как&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13458" CreationDate="2016-10-31T20:50:28.293" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кому как&lt;/strong&gt; (literally, &lt;em&gt;how for whom&lt;/em&gt;) in your example can be thought of as a short form of the expression: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;how&lt;/strong&gt; good it is depends on 'good &lt;strong&gt;for whom&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-10-31T20:50:28.293" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13458" CreationDate="2016-10-31T21:16:03.940" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Look at it this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;For me it's good, for him it's bad, and for them it's all the same&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'For me', 'for him', 'for them' is generalized as &quot;for whom&quot;, which is &lt;code&gt;кому&lt;/code&gt; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Good', 'bad', 'all the same' is generalized as &quot;how&quot;, which is &lt;code&gt;как&lt;/code&gt; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;code&gt;кому как&lt;/code&gt; means 'depending on whether it is I, he, or they (i.e. all the possible variants implied by &lt;code&gt;кому&lt;/code&gt;), it will be good, bad or all the same (i.e. all the possible different kinds of experience included in &lt;code&gt;как&lt;/code&gt;.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-10-31T21:16:03.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13451" CreationDate="2016-10-31T21:52:33.253" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is another one type of enumeration (not listed in previous answers). It is used when you want to emphasize that all items in the list have certain property:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В этой комнате и столы, и стулья, и полки, и шкафы были выкрашены в белый цвет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you put conjunction &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; before each word and comma between words in the list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2016-11-01T20:23:38.090" LastActivityDate="2016-11-01T20:23:38.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13458" CreationDate="2016-11-01T04:21:16.387" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кому как,а мне русский язык нравится.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;I can't say for the whole world, for other people&lt;/strong&gt;, but I personally like Russian.&quot; Or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;It depends&lt;/strong&gt;, you know, but I like Russian very much.&quot; Or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;I don't know what others would say&lt;/strong&gt;, but I...&#xA;Just to develop the idea of a &quot;seesaw &quot;in the sentence. Кому как (others,I don't know how they feel,might feel different )--мне нравится (but I like)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-01T07:08:44.027" LastActivityDate="2016-11-01T07:08:44.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13458" CreationDate="2016-11-01T05:47:36.317" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Respectfully, it seems that most people are trying to explain you precisely the part you don't have a problem understanding. And I see how you might feel this usage of question words can only have some truly esoteric grammatical reasoning behind it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's useful in any situation, when confronted with something mystifying, to ask yourself what might be missing from the picture. Imagine an alien biologist on Earth looking at a snake and wondering, &quot;how can this worm have a spinal cord?&quot; The answer being, a snake isn't really a worm and it didn't even always look like one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a Czech proverb, &lt;strong&gt;Kdo chce kam, pomozme mu tam.&lt;/strong&gt; Literally, &quot;who wants where, let's help him there.&quot; (Meaning that the speaker washes their hands over someone they think is walking into trouble.) Now the same words in the same order wouldn't quite work in Russian, but this very saliently illustrates the logic behind this usage of Slavic question words: they're on one side of the scale, as it were, counterweighted by their definite counterparts in the second clause (&quot;who&quot;/&quot;him&quot;, &quot;where&quot;/&quot;there&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus &lt;strong&gt;кому как&lt;/strong&gt; started out the same way, as the first part of a diptych; to use V.V.'s example, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кому как, а мне русский язык нравится&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— again, &lt;strong&gt;кому&lt;/strong&gt; has a clear counterweight in &lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt;, and, slightly less obviously, &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; corresponds to &lt;strong&gt;нравится&lt;/strong&gt;. The rest is just the universal linguistic tendency to trim things. &lt;strong&gt;Кому как&lt;/strong&gt; (and a few other question word duos, such as &lt;strong&gt;кому что&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;кто куда&lt;/strong&gt;, as in that Czech proverb) saw enough usage in Russian to no longer need an explicit antithesis. (Not to mention that at some earlier point, they had stopped needing an explicit verb.) And so you can think of &lt;strong&gt;кому как&lt;/strong&gt; as a snake: to find its evolutionary origin, you first have to find its lost limbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-11-01T05:47:36.317" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13464" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13466" CreationDate="2016-11-01T10:57:25.400" Score="3" ViewCount="329" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why say for example: &lt;code&gt;в кухне нет радио&lt;/code&gt; and not &lt;code&gt;в кухне нет радиа&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7330" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-25T14:06:52.033" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T14:06:52.033" Title="Genitive of радио" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13464" CreationDate="2016-11-01T12:44:51.420" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The words like &lt;code&gt;радио&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;патио&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;метро&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;меню&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;кофе&lt;/code&gt; etc are indeclinable.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The rules (in Russian): &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.e-reading.club/chapter.php/1015483/189/Rozental_-_Spravochnik_po_pravopisaniyu,_proiznosheniyu,_literaturnomu_redaktirovaniyu.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;external link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-11-01T12:44:51.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13464" CreationDate="2016-11-01T14:46:55.193" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many loanwords don't decline in Russian, mostly those that don't intuitively fit into one of the existing paradigms (no regular Russian neuter noun ends in &lt;code&gt;-о&lt;/code&gt; preceded by a vowel), and to see why, it's helpful to turn to the social history of the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most early adopters of loanwords were people fluent in at least one foreign language, and thought of these words as essentially clippings from those other languages; in writing, it was—and still is—very common to include Western terms in their original Latin script. And so, essentially, those were islands of foreignness where Russian declension didn't apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That isn't the path taken by the vernacular—which tends to not only decline everything but also work around difficult and 'strange' foreign phonotactics; and thus, for example, the popularisation of the radio spawned the early vernacular form &lt;strong&gt;радиво&lt;/strong&gt;, perfectly declinable—&lt;strong&gt;радива&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.—but here, the social history of the language kicks in again. The spread of literacy in the Soviet times also lead to a lot of importance placed on language standards, which were regarded as ideology-neutral and thus inherited fairly intact from the Empire (save for the spelling reform, of course, but it was a one-off utilitarian thing).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And so it was that &lt;strong&gt;радиво&lt;/strong&gt; and suchlike vernacular adaptations were levelled out, while declining 'indeclinables' in general continued to be regarded as a feature of 'rustic' and uneducated speech, with an even greater insistence on avoiding it than in pre-Soviet times, now that everyone could, and was expected to, aspire to the same general level of culture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-11-01T14:46:55.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13432" CreationDate="2016-11-01T19:14:16.030" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Often you just need to learn a specific cases of usage, there are some idioms, like @V.V. said. But generally you can remember that &quot;более&quot; is more emotional and dramatic form of &quot;больше&quot;. So when you are unsure which word to use in a sentence: just imagine whether you can say the sentence in a calm, rational state of mind, if yes - use &quot;больше&quot;, if no - use &quot;более&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example &quot;You need to drink more&quot; can be said by a doctor, emotionally indifferent to your problems. So you need to say &quot;Надо болЬШЕ пить&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="419" LastActivityDate="2016-11-01T19:14:16.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13468" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13472" CreationDate="2016-11-02T02:00:12.143" Score="4" ViewCount="263" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am writing something predominately in English but want to add the Russian equivalent of the phrase &quot;compliments of [Name]&quot; instead of writing it in English. This isn't to say that somebody is being complimented but that something is provided through the courtesy of the person being named.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I found looking online (Google translate mainly), was that it would read:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;комплиментом (komplimentom) followed by the name. Is this correct? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, and perhaps this is meant for a different thread, why does Google Translate use the Russian alphabet and then &quot;komplimentom&quot; underneath? If I'm writing everything else in English, can I use &quot;komplimentom&quot; in italics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8009" LastActivityDate="2016-11-02T14:32:18.420" Title="How do you translate &quot;Compliments of&quot; into Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13469" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13471" CreationDate="2016-11-02T03:59:38.083" Score="6" ViewCount="1095" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sorry if this is a simple question but I'm struggling with when I should use these two and if they are interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6840" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-06T02:49:09.847" LastActivityDate="2016-11-06T02:49:09.847" Title="&quot;Я тоже&quot; vs &quot;мне тоже&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;местоимения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13469" CreationDate="2016-11-02T05:19:02.953" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The usage of я тоже and мне тоже confirming the previous sentence or that of the other partner in a conversation entirely &lt;strong&gt;depends on the verb&lt;/strong&gt; meant and the case required. The pronoun can be used in different cases according to the situation.  To make it clear, consider the following.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я люблю гулять вечером,а ты?--Я тоже (meaning Я тоже люблю).You can't say мне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нравится гулять вечером.--Мне тоже.(meaning мне тоже нравится).You can't say я.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning is absolutely the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-11-02T06:14:37.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13469" CreationDate="2016-11-02T06:02:00.920" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those two versions simply represent the pronoun &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt; in two of six grammatical cases. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Я хочу есть. -- &lt;strong&gt;Я тоже&lt;/strong&gt; хочу (есть). (nominative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У сестры новый телефон. У &lt;strong&gt;меня тоже&lt;/strong&gt; (новый). (genitive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Моему приятелю на том спектакле было скучно. &lt;strong&gt;Мне тоже&lt;/strong&gt; (было&#xA;  скучно). (dative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Моего коллегу послали в командировку. &lt;strong&gt;Меня тоже&lt;/strong&gt; (послали).&#xA;  (accusative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Родители гордятся моим старшим братом... и &lt;strong&gt;мной тоже&lt;/strong&gt; (гордятся).&#xA;  (instrumental)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты не* будешь вспоминать об этом лете и &lt;strong&gt;обо мне тоже&lt;/strong&gt; (не будешь вспоминать).&#xA;  (prepositional)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*Note: in Russian &lt;strong&gt;я тоже&lt;/strong&gt; can be used in both positive and &lt;em&gt;negative&lt;/em&gt; clauses while in English a similar negation typically needs smth. like &lt;em&gt;neither&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;too&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;also&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-11-02T06:02:00.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13472" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13468" CreationDate="2016-11-02T14:32:18.420" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't think of a simple one-to-one translation. Here are a few possible translations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Любезно предоставленный&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Фотографии в книге любезно предоставлены компанией IBM.&lt;/em&gt;  Pictures in this book are compliments of IBM Corp.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Цветы для нашего праздника любезно предоставлены городской администрацией.&lt;/em&gt;  Flowers for our celebration are compliments of City Hall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Подарок от кого-то&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Билеты в театр - подарок от руководства компании.&lt;/em&gt;  Theater tickets are compliments of corporate management.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Подарен кем-то&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Экспонаты в этой галерее подарены семьёй Николаевых.&lt;/em&gt; Artifacts in this gallery are compliments of Nikolayev family.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-11-02T14:32:18.420" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13473" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13476" CreationDate="2016-11-02T15:20:47.800" Score="6" ViewCount="462" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a word which is used in Yaroslavl, &quot;блондиться&quot;, here's a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.yar.kp.ru/daily/24267/464092/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Блондиться – значит где-то долго находиться, отсутствовать. Но&#xA;  оказывается, это слово чисто ярославское. Ни в каких других регионах&#xA;  так не говорят.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have a lot of friends in Yaroslavl so I can confirm that this verb is indeed casually used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is - &lt;strong&gt;when this word came to usage and what it's origin?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here what I've found so far. According to &quot;Русский этимологический словарь&quot; под редакцией Аникина, выпуск 2&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Рус. &lt;code&gt;бландать&lt;/code&gt; (бездельничать), воронежское &quot;плутать&quot;...Это слово и к &lt;code&gt;блондать&lt;/code&gt; - блуждать и далее к &lt;code&gt;блындать&lt;/code&gt; - слоняться (новгородское)   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This actually give a hint (an old word that probably an evidence of that nasals were a thing in Slavic - a well known fact) but the question is still open. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-11-02T22:08:30.860" LastActivityDate="2016-11-07T06:06:47.380" Title="What is the etymology of &quot;блондиться&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;диалект&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13474" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-11-02T15:24:30.040" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;While Moscow dialect is prevailing and de-facto standard form of Russian is spoken throughout all Russian-speaking territories, there are large number of regional-specific terminology. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-11-02T15:24:30.040" LastActivityDate="2016-11-02T15:24:30.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13475" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-11-02T15:24:30.040" Score="0" Body="Questions on Russian dialects and regional-specific usage" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-11-02T15:24:30.040" LastActivityDate="2016-11-02T15:24:30.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13473" CreationDate="2016-11-02T16:34:23.840" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Polish, there is a noun &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/b%C5%82%C4%85d&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;błąd&lt;/a&gt; [bwɔ̃n̪t̪] 'mistake' to which there is an etymological cognate in Russian, &lt;em&gt;блуд&lt;/em&gt;, 'fornication'. But Russian has other words formed from the root &lt;em&gt;блуд&lt;/em&gt; which are not connected with fornication, e.g. &lt;em&gt;за&lt;strong&gt;блуд&lt;/strong&gt;иться&lt;/em&gt;, the same in Polish, only without a prefix: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/b%C5%82%C4%85dzi%C4%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;błądzić&lt;/a&gt; [ˈbwɔɲ.dʑitɕ] 'to stray, to roam, to rove'. Pronounced with all the Polish sounds substituted for their nearest Russian equivalents it will sound as &lt;em&gt;блондить&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, your word &lt;em&gt;блондиться&lt;/em&gt; is most probably a borrowing from Polish, the corresponding Russian equivalent would be &lt;em&gt;*блудиться&lt;/em&gt;. The sound correspondence [on]~[u] definitely says it is a Polish word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-11-02T16:34:23.840" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13409" CreationDate="2016-11-03T06:29:04.557" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Well, in practice (I mean from pronunciation point of view) there's no special difference between &lt;code&gt;Ь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Ъ&lt;/code&gt;, especially concerning &lt;code&gt;Ъ&lt;/code&gt;. From time to time there's discussion to completely remove letter &lt;code&gt;Ъ&lt;/code&gt; and replace it everywhere with &lt;code&gt;Ь&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;From the other hand correct spelling of these letters is considered as a sign of literate/educated person.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if you don't care about what kind of impression you do have on others - replace &lt;code&gt;Ъ&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code&gt;Ь&lt;/code&gt; and forget about problem. If one is a foreigner - it's excusable and understandable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise read carefully rules and use letters accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4815" LastActivityDate="2016-11-03T06:29:04.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13480" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-03T22:11:00.387" Score="-1" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does this translate to in English? ПРЕВЬЫШЕНА НАГРУЗКА на сервер. ведется техоБслуживание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8019" LastActivityDate="2016-11-03T22:28:29.337" Title="what does this translate to in english?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2016-11-03T22:28:05.907" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13480" CreationDate="2016-11-03T22:28:29.337" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Server overload. [The system] is being serviced&lt;/code&gt;. There are several misprints in the original message.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6405" LastActivityDate="2016-11-03T22:28:29.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13451" CreationDate="2016-11-03T22:35:11.517" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to other answers, it's worth pointing out that when conjunction &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; is used, the implied meaning is that the list is full, i.e. you listed everything that's relevant:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Столы, стулья и полки [and nothing else]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the conjunction is omitted, the implied meaning is that there may be other relevant items, but you don't really want/need to list them all, so you only list a few:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Столы, стулья, полки [and maybe other items of furniture]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2016-11-03T22:35:11.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9355" CreationDate="2016-11-04T00:53:07.990" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You will find long lists of Russian prefixes and suffixes arranged alphabetically with links to dictionary-type definitions and explanations in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wiktionary.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;English language Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;.  The lists are located in specific Wiktionary &quot;categories&quot; In the English Wiktionary search box enter either &quot;Category:Russian prefixes&quot; or &quot;Category:Russian suffixes&quot; to access the lists.  [Note that there is NO SPACE following the colon in the entry]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Users who are able to enter text in the Cyrillic alphabet will find similar lengthy categorical prefix/suffix lists with dictionary definition links in the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wiktionary.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian language Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;.  In the Russian Wiktionary search box enter either &quot;Категория:Русские слова по приставкам&quot; or &quot;Категория:Русские слова по суффиксам&quot; to access either list.  [As above, note that there is NO SPACE following the colon in the entry].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this tip will help advance the study of the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8021" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-11-04T13:32:25.317" LastActivityDate="2016-11-04T13:32:25.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13484" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13487" CreationDate="2016-11-04T23:58:05.050" Score="3" ViewCount="79" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are &lt;code&gt;потому что&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;то, что&lt;/code&gt; pronounced with the &lt;code&gt;o&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;code&gt;что&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;ə&lt;/code&gt;, or as &lt;code&gt;o&lt;/code&gt;? It seems the former can be both, but which is more standard?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-11-05T01:00:22.207" Title="Pronunciation of что phrases" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13485" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13486" CreationDate="2016-11-05T00:04:08.057" Score="4" ViewCount="286" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you construct a sentence like &lt;code&gt;I heard you talking&lt;/code&gt; or maybe &lt;code&gt;I saw you walking&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-11-05T00:45:05.703" Title="I heard/saw you [verb]ing" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13485" CreationDate="2016-11-05T00:36:18.643" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a straight-forward translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I heard you talking.&lt;/strong&gt; - Я слышал, как ты разговаривала.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I saw you walking.&lt;/strong&gt; - Я виделa, как ты шёл.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a spoken speech [как] could be dropped, especially when English participle has some dependent words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I heard you talking on the phone.&lt;/strong&gt; - Я слышал, ты разговаривала по телефону.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I saw you walking in the park.&lt;/strong&gt;  - Я видела, ты гулял в парке.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also use Russian participles:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I saw you talking.&lt;/strong&gt; - Я видел тебя разговаривающей.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I saw you walking.&lt;/strong&gt; - Я видел тебя гуляющим.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;However, &lt;em&gt;&quot;Я &lt;strong&gt;слышал&lt;/strong&gt; тебя разговаривающей.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; sounds unnatural to me.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Be careful when some expressions have idiomatic meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я слышала, ты гулял.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&quot;Я слышала&quot;&lt;/em&gt; could mean &lt;em&gt;&quot;I heard a rumour&quot;.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;&quot;Он гуляет&quot;&lt;/em&gt; could mean &lt;em&gt;&quot;He is a playboy / goes around.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; The participles &lt;em&gt;&quot;гуляющий&quot;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;&quot;гулящий&quot;&lt;/em&gt; have distinctly different meanings,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2016-11-05T00:45:05.703" LastActivityDate="2016-11-05T00:45:05.703" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13484" CreationDate="2016-11-05T01:00:22.207" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the first phrase, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;потому что&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; all three &quot;о&quot; are pronounced as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;shwa&quot; - ə.&lt;/strong&gt;  In the second one, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;то, что&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; both &quot;о&quot; are pronounced as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;о&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However in &lt;strong&gt;&quot;потому, что&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; the first two &quot;o&quot; are pronounced as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;shwa&quot;,&lt;/strong&gt; but the last one is stressed and pronounced as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;o&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2016-11-05T01:00:22.207" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13488" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13489" CreationDate="2016-11-05T14:10:31.900" Score="4" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that the subjunctive uses past tense, but &lt;em&gt;does that mean there's no way to distinguish the following sentences?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I would say hello, if he were home.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I would have said hello, if he were home.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first means that the speaker is willing to say hello, if the person is home. The second one means the speaker had the opportunity to say hello previously, but the person wasn't home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The distinction may not seem significant, but the two sentences mean something entirely different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-11-05T15:17:47.533" LastActivityDate="2016-11-07T13:57:11.620" Title="Distinguish tense of subjunctive" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13488" CreationDate="2016-11-05T14:52:56.137" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand, both sentences should normally be translated as  &lt;code&gt;&quot;Я бы поздоровался, если бы он был дома&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. So, they really can't be distinguished without context. If you want unambiguous translation, you can use a construction with &lt;code&gt;будь&lt;/code&gt; for the second sentence: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Будь он дома, я бы поздоровался.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is usually used only in the second case (&lt;code&gt;&quot;the speaker had the opportunity to say hello previously, but the person wasn't home&quot;&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And for the first sentence you can just use future tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если он будет дома, я поздороваюсь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not quite accurate, but expresses the main idea (&lt;code&gt;&quot;the speaker is willing to say hello, if the person is home&quot;&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastActivityDate="2016-11-05T14:52:56.137" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13488" CreationDate="2016-11-06T13:29:37.137" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I hope I understood your question right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 1st variant ('the speaker is willing to say hello, if the person is home') person can either be or not be at home right now (or in future). So this is a REAL condition. And for real conditions we do not use БЫ. So only one БЫ (for would):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Анна, ты не знаешь, Игорь сейчас дома? Я &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; поздоровался с ним, если он (сейчас) дома.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the 2d one the person wasn't home at some point in the past, and it can't be changed now. So this condition is not real and we use БЫ in both parts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; поздоровался с ним, если &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; он был (вчера, час назад и т.п.) дома.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8034" LastActivityDate="2016-11-06T13:29:37.137" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13488" CreationDate="2016-11-06T20:43:30.343" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I would say hello, if he were home.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the form of it, it belongs to &lt;strong&gt;Future Unreal Conditionals&lt;/strong&gt; [He's not home, so I won't say hello]&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/futureconditional.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/futureconditional.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(similar example there: I would buy that computer tomorrow if it were cheaper.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Будь он дома, я бы (сейчас пошёл и) поздоровался с ним.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;[Его нет дома, так что я с ним не поздороваюсь]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I would have said hello, if he were homе.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a &lt;strong&gt;Mixed (Present/Past) Unreal Conditional&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/mixedconditional.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.englishpage.com/conditional/mixedconditional.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(similar example in that source: If I were rich, I would have bought that Ferrari we saw yesterday.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Будь он дома, я бы с ним (уже) поздоровался.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;[Его (до сих пор) нет дома, так что я с ним не поздоровался]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only difference is in timeline position of imaginary saying hello (before or after time of speaking). Since it is hardly sufficient, the words in brackets (or similar clarifications) in Russian versions are most often omitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-11-06T20:43:30.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13473" CreationDate="2016-11-07T06:06:47.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dialectic regional блондить originates from the idiom блыонды бить. In some dialects we observe idioms which are different in possessing either one or a combination of consonants in the first syllable. They are &lt;em&gt;лыОнды бить и блыОнды бить&lt;/em&gt; 'бездельничать' which are equivalent to a well-known &lt;em&gt;бить баклуши&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idiom лынды бить 'бить баклуши, бездельничать' is used mostly in southern dialects, in Pskov region, Lithuania and Latvia and actively in Smolensk region where another variant is known : Олындьё бить'то же, что лынды бить' Смол., лúнду петь сидеть сложа руки, бездельничать'. In Orel, Bryansk regions they have лынды продавáть 'бесцельно бродить; слоняться' , лынды лындать 'вести праздный образ жизни'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a variant with &lt;strong&gt;блыОнды&lt;/strong&gt; in some dialects блынды бить 'бездельничать'. The formal comparison shows the simplification бл- &gt; л-.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The research showed that the idiom originated from the noun &lt;strong&gt;лыОнда&lt;/strong&gt;--нога which is seen in several Slavonic dialects including Byelorussian and Polish:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Blr. лыОнды 'ноги', лыОндаць 'лентяйничать притаившись', 'бродить, шляться'; Pol. fynda 'бродяга', fyndac sif 'шататься, шляться'&#xA;Though M. Фасмер thought the word лыОнда, лыОнды, лыОндать was connected with Slavonic лынь 'лентяй, тунеядец' и лытáть 'лениться, лодырничать' , Ю.А.Лаучюте shows that the origin is Baltic considering the Lithuanian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;linda 'пронырливый человек; лентяй; тот, кто притаился, избежал работы' ,also: lindé ti '(прятаться, скрываться) торчать' .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-11-07T06:06:47.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13494" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13495" CreationDate="2016-11-07T08:56:48.033" Score="4" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed that, not only in Russian, but in many other Eastern European languages that in French loanwords that end in &quot;-tion&quot;, the suffix almost always appears as &quot;-cija&quot; (-ция). Examples include words like &quot;informacija&quot;. I've tried to look up the etymology of the suffix to no avail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, is &quot;-cija&quot; a native Slavic suffix or is it a phonetic rendering of the original French suffix?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4782" LastActivityDate="2016-11-07T09:43:49.693" Title="French loanwords ending in &quot;-tion&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2016-11-07T09:37:49.080" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13494" CreationDate="2016-11-07T09:08:02.087" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;-ция&quot; is a rendering of Latin &quot;-tio&quot; rather than French &quot;-tion&quot;. Even though some words were borrowed from French (actually in Russian many loan words were borrowed indirectly through Polish), they became &quot;Latin&quot;-lookalike in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-11-07T09:08:02.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13494" CreationDate="2016-11-07T09:30:22.737" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to complement Matt's answer. Your assumption is indeed false, first set of words with &quot;-ция&quot; was not derived from French words but rather from their Latin cognates - through Polish - for instance words &lt;code&gt;навигация&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;революция&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;нация&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;милиция&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;конструкция&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;акция&lt;/code&gt; are corresponding to Polish &lt;code&gt;nawigacja&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;rewolucja&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;nасjа&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;milicja&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;konstrukcja&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;akcja&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then some words were derived from French (or English which was influenced by French and also have -tion) but the tradition to keep &quot;-ция&quot; for &quot;-tion&quot; preserved. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of why Latin &lt;code&gt;-tion&lt;/code&gt; morphed into &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-cja&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cja&lt;/a&gt; - it's better ask at Polish-related Stack. Which, unfortunately, does not exist so far. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-11-07T09:43:49.693" LastActivityDate="2016-11-07T09:43:49.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13488" CreationDate="2016-11-07T13:57:11.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я бы поздоровался, если бы он был дома = first case (as explaining to somebody why you haven't said hello, this is because he was not at home)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я бы поздоровался, если он дома = second case (as telling his wife that you would like to say hello if he is home)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first case, you &lt;strong&gt;would&lt;/strong&gt; say hello if he &lt;strong&gt;would&lt;/strong&gt; be at home (you think he is not/was not).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second case, you &lt;strong&gt;would&lt;/strong&gt; say hello if he &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; home (you do not know).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-11-07T13:57:11.620" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13498" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13500" CreationDate="2016-11-07T18:17:49.543" Score="9" ViewCount="229" Body="&lt;p&gt;It looks like imperative singular, but its meaning is obviously not imperative. Maybe it's actually some other verb form mostly absent in modern Russian? What is the origin of usage of imperative (or what is it?) to express conditional mood?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks for your answers!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="6725" LastEditDate="2016-11-07T19:38:46.203" LastActivityDate="2016-11-07T19:38:46.203" Title="What verb form is &quot;будь&quot; (or any other verb) in constructions similar to &quot;Будь он дома, открыл бы нам дверь.&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13498" CreationDate="2016-11-07T19:31:09.527" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Conditional subordinate clauses contain a condition from  which the realization of the content in the main clause depends. Subordinate clauses usually begin with conjunctions, but such relationship can be formed without conjunctions using the imperative which is not used in its usual function.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Явись&lt;/strong&gt; теперь на Руси поэт, который был бы неизмеримо выше Пушкина, его появление уже не могло бы наделать столько шума (Белинский).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The imperative is used to denote &lt;strong&gt;a contrary to fact  condition&lt;/strong&gt;. The construction is informal and its usage is rather limited:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Будь я) на вашем месте, я не отвечал бы на это письмо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Знай я ремеслo – жил бы я в городе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И не случись бы в моей судьбе тех перипетий, кто знает, как бы оно и что бы… И вообще, какой бы я стала. Л. Гурченко. Аплодисменты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Будь бы другие времена, я бы по нём настоящую панихиду отслужил, как у нас в монастырях служат. С. А. Еремеева. Лекции по русскому искусству .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-11-07T19:31:09.527" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13501" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13502" CreationDate="2016-11-08T01:52:28.240" Score="6" ViewCount="256" Body="&lt;p&gt;The two sentences I wrote in english roughly translate to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Did you know she was in Berlin? (Asking a genuine question)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You knew she was in Berlin? (And you didn't tell me?!, accusing the other person)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think &lt;code&gt;Вы знали, что она была в Берлине?&lt;/code&gt; is how you would translate the first sentence, but how would you imply the second one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6840" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-11-08T04:42:56.510" LastActivityDate="2016-11-08T15:27:16.310" Title="Did you know she was in Berlin? vs You knew she was in Berlin? How to differentiate?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13502" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13501" CreationDate="2016-11-08T03:01:40.260" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Did you know she was in Berlin? (Asking a genuine question)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If she was in Berlin before he supposedly knew it (i.e. did he know in 1990 that she was in Berlin in 1975):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вы знали, что она была в Берлине?&#xA;Знали ли вы, что она была в Берлине?&#xA;Известно ли было вам, что она была в Берлине? (most formal)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If she was in Berlin at the same time he supposedly knew it (i. e. did he know in 1990 that she was at Berlin in 1990)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вы знали, что она в Берлине?&#xA;Знали ли вы, что она в Берлине?&#xA;Известно ли были вам, что она в Берлине? (most formal)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You knew she was in Berlin? (And you didn't tell me?!, accusing the other person)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;И вы знали, что она (была) в Берлине?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or, even better:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Она была в Берлине, и вы это знали?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2016-11-08T03:01:40.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13501" CreationDate="2016-11-08T03:26:52.113" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your second sentence is nonstandard in English, it's colloquial.As for forming sentences containing a reproach or a sort of accusation, we use both affirmative and interrogative sentences supporting them with intonation and words increasing expressiveness(I am not going to consider English sentences была или есть.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Так&lt;/strong&gt; Вы знали,что она в Берлине? И не сказали мне? or &lt;em&gt;Как&lt;/em&gt;? Вы знали, что она  в Берлине?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can repeat words, pause emphatically &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы...,Вы знали, что она в Берлине и &lt;em&gt;ничего&lt;/em&gt; мне не сказали?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first question is pronounced with a rising intonation and sounds neutral. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Знали ли Вы,(Вы знали),что она в Берлине?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-08T15:27:16.310" LastActivityDate="2016-11-08T15:27:16.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13501" CreationDate="2016-11-08T07:41:51.330" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First things first, tense sequencing. &amp;quot;Did you know she was in Berlin?&amp;quot; is &lt;strong&gt;Вы знали, что она в Берлине?&lt;/strong&gt; No &lt;strong&gt;была&lt;/strong&gt;, which would make it &amp;quot;did you know that she &lt;em&gt;had been&lt;/em&gt; to Berlin&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the most natural and economical way to differentiate between question and accusation would be with intonation alone:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы ↗↗&lt;strong&gt;знали&lt;/strong&gt;, что она ↘в Берлине? &lt;em&gt;(question)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы знали, что она ↗&lt;strong&gt;в Берлине&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;em&gt;(accusation)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The double arrow is a makeshift way to indicate that that pitch rise is greater than the other one and the drop.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-11-08T07:47:53.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13506" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13512" CreationDate="2016-11-08T19:24:41.930" Score="5" ViewCount="411" Body="&lt;p&gt;When looking at phrases in the form of &quot;verb - pronoun - participle&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Увидел его гуляющим &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Застал его пьющим&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Представил его улыбающимся&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We use some verbs of perception, but not others.  For example we don't use the verb &quot;hear&quot; &lt;em&gt;(слышать/услышать)&lt;/em&gt; We can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я слышал её&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я слышал её голос&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;But not&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я слышал её разговаривавшей / шептавшей / болтавшей&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does there exist some anti-pattern in the language to not use the verb &lt;strong&gt;&quot;hear&quot;,&lt;/strong&gt; and possibly other verbs in such phrases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2016-11-12T11:56:59.533" Title="Why don't we say &quot;Я слышал её говорившей&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="17" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13508" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-09T10:39:45.500" Score="5" ViewCount="339" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any rule governing the choice of aspect following forms of должен? It seems that in a negative sentence with должен, the best choice is often the imperfective, i.e.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы не должны были терять очки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even with regards to this, though, I am not sure, since Google shows almost as many results using the perfective as the imperfective in sentences such as &quot;Mы [не] должни были выигрывать/выиграть.&quot; (The imperfective is still more common.) So:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Which aspect is generally correct in a positive sentence with должен? Can one use both?  (If so, is there truly a difference in meaning?)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Which aspect is generally correct in a negative sentence with должен? (&quot;&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Which aspect is generally correct in a question with должен? What about a negative question, i.e. [ ]?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не должны ли мы стремиться к такому идеалу народной жизни... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4238" LastActivityDate="2016-11-09T19:48:18.287" Title="Aspect following должен" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13508" CreationDate="2016-11-09T10:58:10.460" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The fact is that должен in no way influences the choice of aspect. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both &quot;Мы должны выигрывать&quot; and &quot;Мы должны выиграть&quot;. The former implies a regular pattern - we must always win; the latter - we must win once.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;не has no influence here either&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;see #1&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To quote a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/verbs_aspect.php&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;popular site for Russian learners&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;The aspects are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imperfective - Incomplete, ongoing, habitual, reversed or repeated actions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perfective - Actions completed successfully.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's a very rough explanation, but it's important to keep this whole должен business out of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6065" LastActivityDate="2016-11-09T10:58:10.460" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13508" CreationDate="2016-11-09T19:48:18.287" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depending on the meaning you want.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы не должны терять очки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means you should not repeatedly lose your eyeglasses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-11-09T19:48:18.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13506" CreationDate="2016-11-10T13:57:24.347" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я слышал её говорившей о [чём-либо]&lt;/code&gt; sounds totally okay to my ear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, for example, you happened to catch a speech on some topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the weirdness comes from &lt;code&gt;слышал&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;говорившей&lt;/code&gt;, which are both about sounds and therefore redundant. Maybe the better one would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я видел её говорившей о [чём-либо]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2016-11-10T13:57:24.347" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13506" CreationDate="2016-11-10T15:19:50.657" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is totally grammatical and correct to say so, but in modern language you usually would say &quot;&lt;em&gt;я слышал, как она говорила...&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. I think there is some nuance here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider the following setting. She is the factory manager. Now consider the phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я видел её говорившей с рабочими.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я видел, как она говорила с рабочими.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both can mean the same, you saw her talking to the workers. But the second one can also mean you saw &lt;em&gt;how&lt;/em&gt; she was talking to the workers. Her manners, mimic, tone. If you want exclude this, you use the first one. It is momentary: this can mean you say her face was red, but you cannot say anything about time-prolonged details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now what about &lt;em&gt;слышал&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;видел&lt;/em&gt;? Well, the same, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я слышал её говорившей с рабочими.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means you heard some short moment of their conversation, by chance, like through a wall or by hearing their telephone call accidentally, but you cannot say in what manner and how she was speaking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more to note. &lt;em&gt;Я слышал её говорившей&lt;/em&gt; can mean either once or several times, while &lt;em&gt;я слышал&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;как она говорила&lt;/em&gt; can imply either only one (without referring to the manners) or referring to the manners (then likely not once).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="25" LastEditDate="2016-11-12T11:56:59.533" LastActivityDate="2016-11-12T11:56:59.533" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13506" CreationDate="2016-11-10T16:14:15.430" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я видел её&lt;/strong&gt; describes &lt;em&gt;direct perception&lt;/em&gt; of 'her', not derived from the idea 'I watched the vision of her' (я видел её изображение). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;слышал&lt;/strong&gt; её &lt;strong&gt;голос&lt;/strong&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;как она говорит/говорила&lt;/em&gt;) directly describes just &lt;em&gt;sound perception&lt;/em&gt;, while &lt;strong&gt;я слышал её&lt;/strong&gt; is an idiomatic transformation of it (голос -&gt; она). So it is less flexible at building participle constructions of the type used not too often. Maybe that is the reason why the phrase in question sounds a bit unnatural. I don't think it's because of the mentioned redundancy of &lt;em&gt;слышал+говорящей&lt;/em&gt;, since both versions of &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я слышал/видел, как она говорит(-ла) по телефону.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(having different meaning) sound &lt;em&gt;equally&lt;/em&gt; normal to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-11-10T16:14:15.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13517" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13519" CreationDate="2016-11-11T02:19:47.963" Score="5" ViewCount="680" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do I ask &quot;Can you come pick me up?&quot; For example, I am at work and would like to call one of my friends and ask him to pick me up. I would like to know both the most common way to say it and the formal way to say it.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;From my informal education, I have heard people say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Можешь меня подобрать?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Можешь меня забрать?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8046" LastActivityDate="2016-11-12T05:22:48.470" Title="How to ask &quot;Can you come pick me up&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13518" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-11T03:56:38.253" Score="5" ViewCount="340" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do I say &quot;affluenza&quot; in Russian? &lt;br/&gt;I am specifically referring to the negative connotation of a condition in which a person or some people pursue material possessions simply to have them. For example, &quot;his parents suffer from affluenza; they waste their monthly savings buying &lt;em&gt;fancy new&lt;/em&gt; products that they store indefinitely in their garage.&quot; I could not find any translations of the word online.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8046" LastEditorUserId="8046" LastEditDate="2016-11-11T23:10:36.493" LastActivityDate="2016-11-12T05:15:17.353" Title="How to say &quot;affluenza&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13517" CreationDate="2016-11-11T05:07:03.490" Score="9" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Можешь заехать за мной?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is a usual sentence. &lt;strong&gt;Забрать&lt;/strong&gt; is more colloquial,but it's also used.&lt;strong&gt;Подобрать&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;to pick you up on the way to some place&lt;/em&gt;.In some situations &lt;strong&gt;подвезти&lt;/strong&gt; (to give someone a lift) would also do&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence is neutral and can be used in every situation. If you are asking a friend, take it unchanged. In a more formal way you would say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не могли бы Вы заехать за мной? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, meaning &quot;give a lift&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не могли бы Вы подвезти меня?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Забрать и подобрать should be used addressing a friend.They are highly colloquial. –&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-12T05:22:48.470" LastActivityDate="2016-11-12T05:22:48.470" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13518" CreationDate="2016-11-11T11:37:56.967" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a term &lt;em&gt;покупательский зуд&lt;/em&gt; (literally, &amp;quot;the buyer's itch&amp;quot;), &amp;quot;an urge to buy things just for the sake of buying&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, it's not attested in the corpus yet, however, brief googling shows it's been used in print for some time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Удивительно, ты начинаешь испытывать покупательский зуд именно тогда, когда в театре ломается машина!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В одном из недавних номеров «Нью-Йорк таймс» научный обозреватель Николас Бакалар называет «покупательский зуд», охвативший жителей развитых стран на рубеже тысячелетий, настоящим психическим заболеванием.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Эйфория, азарт, и даже гордость охватывали каждого покупателя, попавшего на территорию внезапного рая, вызывающего неудержимый покупательский зуд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The earliest entry in Google Books is from 2003.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-11-11T11:37:56.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13518" CreationDate="2016-11-11T11:46:18.600" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вещизм&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;безудержное потребление&lt;/em&gt; can be used to describe it. Translators also use general terms : &lt;em&gt;перепотребление&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;потребительство&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;консьюмеризм&lt;/strong&gt;, a loan word, which is most often used nowadays. &lt;em&gt;Ониомания&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;шопоголизм&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;шопинголизм&lt;/em&gt;) is a medical term, a sort of addiction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он страдает от вещизма.( страдает шопоманией)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эта неконтролируемая тяга что-либо приобретать, невзирая на необходимость и последствия, называется ониоманией, шопоголизмом или просто вещизмом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From National corpus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нездоровый вещизм как один из признаков современного общества потребления ежегодно достигает своего апогея в канун рождественских и новогодних праздников.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По-моему, это мудро: в классе должны царить дисциплина и равенство детей перед знаниями, а не вещизм и похвальба возможностями родителей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Безудержное потребление стало новой мировой религией. Миллионы людей в разных странах живут ради того, чтобы покупать все больше товаров. Аппетиты потребителей растут, с каждым годом становясь изощрённее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-11-12T05:15:17.353" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13522" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13524" CreationDate="2016-11-11T12:11:04.157" Score="5" ViewCount="343" Body="&lt;p&gt;Similar to one of my previous questions, I want to know how to say &quot;going to&quot; as in &lt;code&gt;The salt shaker was going to/about to fall off the table&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because I read online that собираться was only for things with consciousness, and I want to know what word you would use if an object was about to do something in the near future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-11-12T05:28:40.953" Title="&quot;Going to&quot; translation for inanimate things" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13522" CreationDate="2016-11-11T13:06:32.690" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Солонка была близка к тому, чтобы упасть со стола.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Солонка была на грани падения со стола.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, it is possible to reveal it's somebody's impression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Солонка &lt;em&gt;будто&lt;/em&gt; вознамерилась упасть со стола.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Казалось&lt;/em&gt;, солонка вот-вот упадёт со стола.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-11-11T13:06:32.690" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13524" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13522" CreationDate="2016-11-11T14:13:25.243" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;present tense,&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&quot;The salt shaker is about to fall of the table&quot;&lt;/em&gt; can be translated as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Солонка сейчас упадёт.  &lt;em&gt;(as mentioned by jwalker)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Солонка вот-вот упадёт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't think of a straight-forward way to express it in the &lt;strong&gt;past tense.&lt;/strong&gt;  So I would use an additional clause to indicate the past tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я увидел, что солонка вот-вот упадёт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2016-11-11T14:13:25.243" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13522" CreationDate="2016-11-11T16:25:52.303" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me explain the problem. Be going to +infinitive has two main meanings:a &lt;strong&gt;planned action&lt;/strong&gt; which is mainly translated as &lt;strong&gt;собираться что‐то делать&lt;/strong&gt;,though should sometimes be translated as будущее время.In this case &quot;consciousness &quot; as you call it &lt;strong&gt;is important&lt;/strong&gt;. But there exists a &quot;narrow&quot; usage of &lt;em&gt;going to&lt;/em&gt;, that of referring to a &lt;strong&gt;prediction based on facts&lt;/strong&gt;(visual or well-known ). Such predictions can involve &lt;strong&gt;all kinds of subjects&lt;/strong&gt; (including inanimate nouns). Such sentences are translated with &lt;strong&gt;будущее время, or прошедшее время&lt;/strong&gt; as in your example. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Смотри,солонка сейчас упадет.(because you see it near the edge of the table).Or Смотри, солонка чуть не упала. Я видел,что она чуть не упала.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes собирается is used to describe the rain coming, here the meaning of it is &quot;пойдет&quot;,&quot;будет&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кажется, дождь собирается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-12T05:28:40.953" LastActivityDate="2016-11-12T05:28:40.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13518" CreationDate="2016-11-11T18:21:53.687" Score="-1" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Его родители - транжиры, спускают всю зарплату на шмотки и барахло&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The profound difference here is that &lt;code&gt;транжира&lt;/code&gt; is not newspeak like &lt;code&gt;affluenza&lt;/code&gt; is but a good old literary word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2016-11-11T18:21:53.687" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13527" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-12T11:20:15.577" Score="7" ViewCount="975" Body="&lt;p&gt;Onomatopoetic &quot;Zzz&quot; is well known in languages that use the Latin alphabet. It means &quot;sleep&quot; in many languages. Is this also the case in Russian? Can &quot;Ззз&quot; be used to symbolize sleep?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8053" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-11-23T20:09:42.810" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T23:13:31.317" Title="Does &quot;Zzz&quot; (sleep) have the same meaning in Russian?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13527" CreationDate="2016-11-12T11:35:25.073" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it can not be used to symbolize sleep. Instead of it, we sometimes use &quot;Хррр&quot; to denote sleep.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8052" LastActivityDate="2016-11-12T11:35:25.073" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13529" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-13T11:07:20.543" Score="6" ViewCount="296" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &quot;а то&quot; and &quot;а не то&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5668" LastActivityDate="2016-11-14T09:17:37.523" Title="What is the difference between &quot;а то&quot; and &quot;а не то&quot;?" Tags="&lt;conjunctions&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13529" CreationDate="2016-11-13T11:47:47.073" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;А не то&lt;/strong&gt; is somewhat antiquated, and doesn't have &lt;strong&gt;а то&lt;/strong&gt;'s range of other possible meanings besides &quot;or else&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-11-13T11:47:47.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13531" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13532" CreationDate="2016-11-13T15:58:17.903" Score="3" ViewCount="342" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why decline неделя in  &quot;В неделю&quot;? And not день or год in  &quot;В год&quot; and &quot;B день&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And what should be the case? i would expec the prepositional case to decline, but is looks reather that it was declined in acusative case. Why use this case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7330" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-25T13:51:21.533" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T08:47:19.043" Title="Why decline неделя in &quot;В неделю&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13531" CreationDate="2016-11-13T16:10:58.060" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is accusative case in all the examples. Accusative case of год and день coincides in form with Nominative, while Accusative of неделя does not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And what should be the case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depends on what meaning you want. It can be Accusative, Prepositional, Locative, depending on context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-11-13T16:12:49.510" LastActivityDate="2016-11-13T16:12:49.510" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13533" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13535" CreationDate="2016-11-13T18:02:49.497" Score="4" ViewCount="535" Body="&lt;p&gt;What it says on the tin: how would you say &quot;copycat&quot; in Russian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &quot;обезьянничать&quot; (dictionary translation for &quot;copycat&quot;) does not quite cut it - it implies making faces or being silly - while &quot;copycat&quot; is more neutral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1860" LastEditorUserId="1860" LastEditDate="2016-11-13T18:25:31.737" LastActivityDate="2016-11-18T23:22:07.583" Title="Copycat in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13529" CreationDate="2016-11-14T07:17:06.630" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;А то and а не то&lt;/strong&gt; (conjunctions) are used as &lt;strong&gt;synonyms&lt;/strong&gt; when they connect two sentences and the action in the second sentence  could happen but for the real action or event from the first one.( meaning &lt;strong&gt;otherwise&lt;/strong&gt;, or else -иначе, в противном случае). Such contexts often refer to threat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отдай машинку, а то &amp;lt;а не то&amp;gt; маме пожалуюсь.&#xA;Придется дать кролику капусты, а то &amp;lt;а не то&amp;gt; он убежит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another usage where these conjunctions are synonymous is connecting phrases or sentences with obvious change of actions ( meaning &amp;quot;or&amp;quot;-или)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Купались, ходили за грибами, а то &amp;lt;а не то&amp;gt; (или) брали лодку и уплывали на соседний остров&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иногда засыпала сразу и спала всю ночь, а то &amp;lt;а не то&amp;gt; до рассвета читала романы. = Иногда засыпала сразу и спала всю ночь или (же)  до рассвета читала романы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even when  these conjunctions are synonymous, there's still a slight difference in the function of the word &lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt;, which refers to the previous context in &lt;strong&gt;а не то&lt;/strong&gt; and to the context which follows in &lt;strong&gt;а то&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These conjunctions are not interchanged expressing  other meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.&lt;strong&gt;А то&lt;/strong&gt; can express the &lt;strong&gt;reason&lt;/strong&gt;( meaning &lt;strong&gt;because&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пойду, а то уже поздно [‘пойду, потому что уже поздно’].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.&lt;strong&gt;А то&lt;/strong&gt; showing a change of the former situation&#xA;The situations are in opposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теперь ей лучше (now), а то все болела (earlier).&#xA;Несколько ночей прошло, пока научились(then) находить свой овраг, а то плутали.(earlier).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;А то!&lt;/strong&gt; colloquial interjection meaning &lt;em&gt;Sure, of course, yes&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пойдешь на каток? – А то!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I didn't consider these combinations with &amp;quot;что, чтобы&amp;quot;. It's another big question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-11-14T09:17:37.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13533" CreationDate="2016-11-14T08:47:33.430" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically a person who is a copycat is &quot;подражатель&quot; or &quot;имитатор&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If it's related to subculture, person is &quot;позёр&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8057" LastActivityDate="2016-11-14T08:47:33.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13536" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13538" CreationDate="2016-11-14T13:30:36.427" Score="28" ViewCount="7622" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the 4th letter a valid russian character?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8EiOx.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8EiOx.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I copy the above word it is automatically converted to &quot;сведения&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8060" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-11-14T23:40:37.847" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T09:54:33.900" Title="What Russian letter is this?" Tags="&lt;алфавит&gt;&lt;буквы&gt;&lt;typography&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13537" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13536" CreationDate="2016-11-14T13:52:16.323" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a valid letter &quot;д&quot;, the fifth letter of the alphabet. The glyph in the example is produced with a cursive/italic font. The other one is a glyph from a regular straight font.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2016-11-14T15:40:55.073" LastActivityDate="2016-11-14T15:40:55.073" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13536" CreationDate="2016-11-14T17:44:33.330" Score="40" Body="&lt;p&gt;The character &quot;&lt;em&gt;д&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is the lowercase italic version of &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Д&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, which both derive from the greek letter Delta (compare with &quot;Δ&quot;, &quot;δ&quot;). In most fonts the straight lowercase letter is written as &quot;д&quot;, while &quot;&lt;em&gt;д&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is used in italic type. In some fonts (typically monospace console fonts or fonts designed for headings: Tahoma, Lucida Console, Franklin, Arial Bold, Century, Courier New) &quot;д&quot; is used in both straight and italic types. Capital letters are always written as &quot;Д&quot;, even in italic type: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Д&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia has a list of Cyrillic glypths which are substantially different when italized:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hgenV.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hgenV.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make things even more confusing, there is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_cursive&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian cursive&lt;/a&gt;, or handwriting, which has different glyphs. In cursive, &quot;д&quot; will become similar to the Latin letter &quot;g&quot;. In the picture below, it's the first letter on the last line:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/F2Y05.gif&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/F2Y05.gif&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5618" LastEditorUserId="5618" LastEditDate="2016-11-15T09:29:57.230" LastActivityDate="2016-11-15T09:29:57.230" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13536" CreationDate="2016-11-15T07:21:16.710" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every language has its quirkiness. With Russian,this is evident when one starts typing texts on a PC - and then formatting parts of it. Hence, the  &lt;em&gt;сведения&lt;/em&gt; seems to differ from &quot;сведения&quot;. But, this is solely due the use of italics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be easily verified by copying &quot;сведения&quot; twice without a particular format, then mark one of these Russian words; changing its format to italics results in the text as you previously presented this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my experience, attempting to find a font that shows no visible change when italicised is simply too time-consuming. Once one is aware of these Russian text quirks, one can concentrate on Russian cases and declensions!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8071" LastEditorUserId="7769" LastEditDate="2016-11-16T09:54:33.900" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T09:54:33.900" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7490" CreationDate="2016-11-16T01:39:16.173" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://allfont.ru/cyrillic/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; are good Latin+Cyrillic fonts&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8057" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T01:39:16.173" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-03-28T22:06:44.673" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13541" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-16T17:43:53.720" Score="1" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;It obviously seems to have a Latin etymology, but I wonder if it came into  Russian from French.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8094" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-11-16T20:15:39.737" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T20:15:39.737" Title="Is Интернационализм a French loanword?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11095" CreationDate="2016-11-16T17:50:09.487" Score="0" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; I highly recommend using the Russian browser &quot;Yandex.ru&quot; for anyone learning or attempting to learn the Russian language.  I have found that the '**Translator**' link (**Переводчик**)on the browser's main menu bar is of inestimable value.&#xA; For cross-translation purposes in the user's question, the Yandex translator will give the student cross-translations to and from Russian, Portuguese, and English texts.  In addition, Yandex *can pronounce* the words of the text of all the three languages that the questioner is using in his studies.  &#xA; Yandex has more than 50 languages that can be called up for translation and interpretation, but not all the languages have pronunciation capabilities.  For the Russian language Yankex is structured like a dictionary; words can be highlighted and alternative meanings and synonyms will be displayed.&#xA; As just one pertinent example of the Yandex browser's capabilities, when entering text in a Yandex input box the browser executes &quot;word completion&quot;, i.e., when entering the Portuguese word '**coleccao** into the Portuguese data entry box the browser will flag &quot;**colecção**&quot; as the correct Portuguese spelling of the word, and it is that spelling that will be entered if the ENTER key is pressed.&#xA; Yandex has many other capabilities, such as &quot;block select copy and paste&quot; for translations of large blocks of text from Internet news websites (e.g., Spanish-language &quot;mundo.Sputniknews.com&quot; and other foreign-language Sputnik news websites).&#xA;&#xA; I hope this answer will be of help to many other students of the Russian language.&#xA;&#xA; Мир!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8021" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T17:50:09.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13541" CreationDate="2016-11-16T18:21:21.040" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word originates from Latin roots &lt;em&gt;inter&lt;/em&gt;(между) plus &lt;em&gt;national&lt;/em&gt;(nation)(национальный,народный) and appeared in Russian as a loan word from French at the beginning of the 20 th century(according to Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-11-16T18:21:21.040" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12318" CreationDate="2016-11-17T02:19:40.193" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я нашел исключительно мощная и полезная функция &quot;Переводчик&quot;, который находится на главной странице российского интернет-браузер &quot;Yandex.ru&quot;. Я использую этот браузер прямо сейчас, чтобы ответить на Ваш вопрос, введя текст в поле ввода на английском языке, а затем &quot;выделение, копирование и вставка&quot; на русский язык перевод в поле &quot;stackexchange.com&quot; ответа на ответ Вам. Попробуйте!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8021" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-06T19:53:12.710" LastActivityDate="2016-12-06T19:53:12.710" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12318" CreationDate="2016-11-17T09:20:40.590" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's always help: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?&amp;amp;l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;CL=1&amp;amp;a=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?&amp;amp;l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;CL=1&amp;amp;a=0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For rus-&gt;eng and for eng-&gt;rus&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8056" LastActivityDate="2016-11-17T09:20:40.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13546" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-17T12:58:24.490" Score="3" ViewCount="166" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to know what construction I should use in order to form sentences like &quot;I saw you crying&quot;, &quot;I caught him trying to steal smth&quot; etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8096" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-11-18T05:11:30.130" LastActivityDate="2016-11-18T05:11:30.130" Title="How to say that an action was performed on a person while that person was doing something?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13546" CreationDate="2016-11-17T13:31:29.097" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я увидел тебя плачущим&quot;. &quot;Я поймал его ворующим что-то&quot;&#xA;You use &quot;плачущим&quot; or &quot;ворующим&quot; which is participle. Words like this says that action they describe is not over yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8097" LastActivityDate="2016-11-17T13:31:29.097" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13546" CreationDate="2016-11-17T13:39:33.687" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the most natural form is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я видел тебя, когда ты плакал(а).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я поймал его, когда он пытался украсть &lt;em&gt;что-либо&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the pattern is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я [verb1 (&lt;em&gt;past&lt;/em&gt;)] [pronoun (&lt;em&gt;genitive&lt;/em&gt;)], когда [pronoun] [verb2] ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-11-17T13:39:33.687" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13546" CreationDate="2016-11-17T18:00:29.323" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literal translation for &quot;i saw you crying&quot; (participle) would be &quot;я видел тебя плачущим&quot;,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;while &quot;я видел, как ты плакал&quot; means &quot;i saw, how you were crying&quot; (verb) or &quot;i saw, how you cried&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, the second form is used more often because its simplier, but both have in most cases the same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on context and intonation, the second form &quot;[...] как ты плакала&quot; could also refer to the circumstances of how someone cried.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Better example: &quot;я видел, как ты помыл посуду&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Translation: &quot;i saw, how you washed the dishes&quot;, which means e.g. he washed it very bad. So the importat thing here is, how сomething happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answer &quot;Я видел тебя, когда ты плакал(а).&quot; by Dmitry literally means &quot;i saw when you were crying&quot;, which implies some contextual reference to the time.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Better example would be &quot;i saw when you came home&quot;, so the time is important here and not the fact of coming home or seeing someone coming home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7371" LastEditorUserId="7371" LastEditDate="2016-11-17T18:05:50.853" LastActivityDate="2016-11-17T18:05:50.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13553" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13533" CreationDate="2016-11-18T23:22:07.583" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a was a child we called them: повторюшка, дядя хрюшка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3824" LastActivityDate="2016-11-18T23:22:07.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13458" CreationDate="2016-11-19T04:30:55.863" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would not translate &quot;Кому как&quot; at all.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So, my translation would be: &quot;It's a matter of taste, I'm just asking.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8057" LastActivityDate="2016-11-19T04:30:55.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13556" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-20T09:00:51.757" Score="2" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm following Penguin's Russian Course and it doesn't make it clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It says words ending with и, а , о the last letter is substituted by e and that in words ending with a consonant we add e.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also gives the rule to words ending with ь (substituted by e if masculine or и if feminine), but what about the other endings, like я?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8114" LastEditorUserId="6725" LastEditDate="2016-11-20T16:57:21.673" LastActivityDate="2020-11-20T08:25:31.117" Title="Can anyone explain the rule that explains why Россия declines to России in the prepositional?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13556" CreationDate="2016-11-20T10:32:59.433" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a word ends in -ия, in the prepositional the ending is -ии. This is also applied to proper names on -ия. If the word's ending is -я, then it is usually replaced by the ending -е&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8115" LastActivityDate="2016-11-20T10:32:59.433" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13556" CreationDate="2016-11-20T11:13:49.883" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;what about the other endings, like я?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have several types of declension of nouns and some nouns are not declined.&#xA;Nouns which end with -я belong to the first declension.&#xA;They include feminine gender nouns like земля, статья, экскурсия, masculine gender nouns (дядя, Ваня), common gender nouns (соня)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They have the following forms*:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;земля, земли, земле,землю, землёй (землёю), земле&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;семья, семьи, семье, семью, семьёй (семьёю), семье.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*&lt;em&gt;Forms shown above for the words земля (earth) and семья (family) are singular case declensions of the following (and in this order):&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;nominative - genitive - dative - accusative - instrumental - prepositional&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But nouns ending with &lt;em&gt;-ия&lt;/em&gt; have &lt;em&gt;-ии&lt;/em&gt; in the dative and prepositional :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;России, Марии, Софии, экскурсии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2020-11-19T17:46:25.100" LastActivityDate="2020-11-19T17:46:25.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13556" CreationDate="2016-11-20T18:51:34.310" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;We have different types of declensions. School course says that we have 3 types. However, the things are more complicated. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Zaliznyak&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Andrey Zaliznyak&lt;/a&gt; had developed his own classification for Russian declensions. For example, Russian Wiktionary uses a slightly modified version of his classification. So, according to this classification, the word &lt;code&gt;Россия&lt;/code&gt; is a type 7a declension. And that said it is declined accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://gramdict.ru/declension/symbols&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;А. А. Зализняк. Грамматический словарь русского языка.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C:%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Wiktionary - Использование словаря Зализняка.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2208" LastEditorUserId="2208" LastEditDate="2020-11-20T08:25:31.117" LastActivityDate="2020-11-20T08:25:31.117" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13560" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13562" CreationDate="2016-11-20T21:59:19.527" Score="3" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a native speaker, but I can't explain. Why we use &quot;года&quot; and &quot;лет&quot; in different situations? For example, when we talk about age of people. Can you explain sources of using these words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8118" LastActivityDate="2016-11-21T05:17:39.790" Title="Sources of the difference in using &quot;года&quot; and &quot;лет&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13556" CreationDate="2016-11-21T03:45:36.150" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've often presented it like this: nouns in -ий, -ия, and -ие all have -ии in the prepositional: кафетерий &gt; в кафетерии, Россия &gt; в России, здание &gt; в здании. So this group is a little different from other nouns in the prepositional singular. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastActivityDate="2016-11-21T03:45:36.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13562" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13560" CreationDate="2016-11-21T05:17:39.790" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;В формах единственного числа слова &lt;em&gt;год&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;лето&lt;/em&gt; очевидно употребляются в разных значениях. Но во множественном числе имеет место &quot;конкуренция&quot; между ними. Например,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дожив без цели, без трудов до двадцати пяти &lt;em&gt;годов&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И правда то, что в наши &lt;em&gt;лета&lt;/em&gt; довольно скучен высший тон&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В итоге получилось так, что форма &quot;&lt;em&gt;лет&lt;/em&gt;&quot; стала основной формой родительного падежа мн.ч. для слова &quot;год&quot;, хотя форма &quot;&lt;em&gt;годов&lt;/em&gt;&quot; все еще допустима, если используется не с количественными числительными (см. &quot;Грамматический словарь&quot; Зализняка).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В принципе, такое иногда случается, что некоторые грамматические формы одного слова заменяются формами другого, близкого по смыслу. В качестве примера из английского языка глагол &lt;em&gt;to go&lt;/em&gt; и его форма прошедшего времени &lt;em&gt;went&lt;/em&gt; (фактически же это форма глагола &lt;em&gt;to wend&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-11-21T05:17:39.790" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13563" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13592" CreationDate="2016-11-21T13:18:23.003" Score="2" ViewCount="1151" Body="&lt;p&gt;Friends, help me out please. I'm doing a translation and can't find the best and most-correct Russian equivalents for a few terms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Layered hairstyle&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Choppy hairstyle&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hair band&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hair accessories&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Funky look&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Messy look&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Messy hair&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Crop hair&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rough look&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To carry a haircut&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To carry a bang on one side or both sides of the head&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Side swept bang&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Straitened hair  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Trendy look&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To adopt a side-bang to a hairstyle&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hairstyle texture&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tones of blond&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Razor-cut hairstyles.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hairstyle up-do&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;New hairstyle styles and features.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cranky look&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I can't understand the difference between &lt;strong&gt;&quot;bang&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;bangs&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. it seems that in Russian it's all &lt;strong&gt;&quot;чёлка&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. But in English they say for instance: &lt;strong&gt;a hairstyle with a side-bang&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;a haircut with short bangs&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Difference between a &lt;strong&gt;'light blond tone'&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;'light shade of blond'&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8076" LastEditorUserId="8076" LastEditDate="2016-11-24T14:21:53.607" LastActivityDate="2018-08-08T06:27:10.720" Title="Hairdresser terminology and Russian equivalents" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13564" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13565" CreationDate="2016-11-21T18:09:42.147" Score="9" ViewCount="547" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between these words? It seems to me that вещь is more abstract than штука, except when we talk about furniture or clothing. Is this correct. The old meaning of штука is часть so maybe it retains the meaning of a whole thing, whereas вещь is just a substance, idea, concept, etc (from вещество)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could somebody give some examples to clarify the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-11-23T05:25:38.437" LastActivityDate="2016-12-02T13:19:30.343" Title="&quot;Вещь&quot; and &quot;штука&quot; - is there a difference" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13564" CreationDate="2016-11-21T20:43:28.717" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we omit several totally different meanings which these word may have (e.g. &quot;штука&quot; = slang &quot;thousand&quot;, &quot;вещь&quot; = &quot;work of art&quot; etc.) then &quot;&lt;em&gt;вещь&lt;/em&gt;&quot; stands for &quot;&lt;em&gt;a thing&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in a wide sense (although note that sometimes word &quot;предмет&quot; is preferred over &quot;вещь&quot;), while &quot;&lt;em&gt;штука&lt;/em&gt;&quot; denotes a countable item. So usually the word &quot;&lt;em&gt;штука&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is used along with a numeral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably the source of your confusion is the fact that in a live speech people may use word &quot;штука&quot; as synonym for &quot;вещь&quot; (thing). But such usage is considered a colloquialism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-11-21T20:43:28.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13566" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13568" CreationDate="2016-11-22T13:43:42.040" Score="3" ViewCount="227" Body="&lt;p&gt;Скажите пожалуйста знатоки, чем отличается употребление краткого прилагательного заместо прилагательного?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Эти книги очень интересны и популярны среди читателей.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Эти книги очень интересные и популярные среди читателей.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или еще пример:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Она очень красива и её внешность притягательна.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Она очень красивая и её внешность притягательная.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чем отличаются примеры друг от друга? Можно ли их взаимозаменить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8076" LastEditorUserId="8076" LastEditDate="2016-11-22T14:09:45.440" LastActivityDate="2017-11-20T20:12:50.087" Title="Прилагательное или краткое прилагательное?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13567" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-22T14:33:06.347" Score="3" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;Скажите, пожалуйста, как лучше использовать и распределять множественные прилагательные перед существительным. Не создают ли обманчивые образы, когда неправильно применяются? И как правильно их писать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примеры:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;большая красивая голубая луна&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;большая, красивая голубая луна&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;большая и красивая голубая луна&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;большая, красивая, голубая луна&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;большая и красивая и голубая луна&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какой из вариантов правильный, или какой неправильный?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;качественная прелестная шелковая белая ткань&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как правильно использовать прилагательные в этом случае? И какой принцип упорядочивания этих прилагательных? Можно ли разместить в другом порядке, будет ли меняться смысл и разрешено ли это? Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;прелестная качественная шелковая белая ткань&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;шелковая прелестная качественная белая ткань&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;белая шелковая прелестная качественная ткань&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и т.п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8076" LastActivityDate="2016-12-02T11:16:39.050" Title="Множественные прилагательные перед существительным" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13566" CreationDate="2016-11-22T14:36:32.373" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short adjectives are usually preferred  as predicatives, like in your sentences&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эти книги популярны среди читателей.(you can't say интересны среди...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Full forms are preferred in an attributive function.They are interchangeable in most(but not all) situations.And the emphasis is slightly different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У нее привлекательная внешность. Ее внешность привлекательна.Эти книги интересные.Книги интересны и тебе и мне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-11-22T14:36:32.373" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13567" CreationDate="2016-11-22T21:52:14.233" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;В первом примере используются неоднородные определения, т.е. такие определения, которые описывают разные качества определяемого слова. Между неоднородными определения не ставятся запятые и союз и. При этом непосредственно к определяемому слову относится только ближайшее определение, а другие относятся к сочетанию определяемого существительного с первым определением.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Во втором примере прилагательные &lt;code&gt;прелестная&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;качественная&lt;/code&gt; являются однородными и должны разделяться запятыми или союзом &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;. Они описывают словосочетание &lt;code&gt;шелковая белая ткань&lt;/code&gt; и, поэтому не могут перемежаться или идти после прилагательных &lt;code&gt;шелковая&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;белая&lt;/code&gt;, являющихся неоднородными определениями.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8123" LastActivityDate="2016-11-22T21:52:14.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13570" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13571" CreationDate="2016-11-22T23:55:28.753" Score="3" ViewCount="547" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm doing exercises and i found in the text, &quot;через неделю&quot; and in parentheses it says &quot;in two weeks time&quot;.  I looked up через, a preposition with the accusative case, and for the 'time' definition it said;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(time) in, after:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я бу́ду петь пе́сню че́рез пять мину́т.&#xA;I will sing a song after five minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;че́рез день&#xA;every other day&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter implies a cycle of two, so to speak... But is &quot;two&quot; always associated with через?  Apparently not in the sing a song example...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Isn't через just &quot;in, after&quot;? Where did the two come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS.  No tags for preposition? Nor accusative? Nor case? ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-25T13:46:42.233" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T16:06:05.810" Title="Через неделю - why &quot;in two weeks time&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13570" CreationDate="2016-11-23T01:06:36.743" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;That translation actually looks wrong to me. &quot;In two weeks time&quot; should be &quot;через две недели&quot;, while &quot;через неделю&quot; does mean &quot;in one week&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, I'd say there are two different contexts for &quot;через&quot; that appear as examples in your question. Speaking about a single event in the future: &quot;Я уеду через неделю&quot; means &quot;I am leaving in a week&quot;. Speaking about something repetitive: &quot;Я езжу в Москву через неделю (каждую вторую неделю)&quot; means &quot;I visit Moscow every other week&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3528" LastActivityDate="2016-11-23T01:06:36.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13572" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13570" CreationDate="2016-11-23T01:15:33.203" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the context of time periods &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;через&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;after skipping&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For singular occurrences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я буду петь через 5 минут - I'll sing after 5 minutes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я поеду в отпуск через неделю - I'll go on vacation in a week time (after skipping one week)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For recurring events:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я плаваю в бассейне через день - I swim in the pool every other day. (i.e. I skip a day and swim on the second day.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наша группа собирается через неделю - Our group meets every other week (i.e. we meet one week, and then skip a week)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can skip multiple periods:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы встретимся через 2 недели - We will meet after 2 weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-11-23T01:15:33.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13573" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13574" CreationDate="2016-11-23T06:29:14.907" Score="6" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;I couldn't understand the suffixes(endings) of the words written in &lt;strong&gt;bold&lt;/strong&gt; in the following sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;э́то мои́ но́вые &lt;strong&gt;Англо&lt;/strong&gt;-&lt;strong&gt;ру́сские&lt;/strong&gt; словари́.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8126" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-25T13:39:35.287" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T13:39:35.287" Title="what are these endings: -о and ие?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13573" CreationDate="2016-11-23T06:56:15.990" Score="9" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Англо-ру́сские словари́&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The adjective &quot;англо-русский&quot; is a &lt;strong&gt;single&lt;/strong&gt; word. Therefore it has only one ending &quot;-ий&quot; (pl. &quot;-ие&quot;). Its first part should not be declined. The same holds with &quot;русско-английские словари&quot;, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if it's written in two separate words then both are to be declined: &quot;английские и русские словари&quot; (note that it means a totally different thing though).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-11-23T06:56:15.990" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13575" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13576" CreationDate="2016-11-23T08:52:09.377" Score="9" ViewCount="602" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do Russian writers have an equivalent style guide or list of guides, which outline key concepts for writing well in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4259" LastActivityDate="2016-11-23T09:47:52.720" Title="Is there a Russian equivalent of &quot;The Elements of Style&quot; by William Strunk?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13575" CreationDate="2016-11-23T09:47:52.720" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The classic works on the topic are Rosenthal's books, namely &lt;em&gt;Справочник по правописанию и стилистике&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It covers orthography, punctuation, word usage and sentence composition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's available online here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://rosental-book.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://rosental-book.ru/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-11-23T09:47:52.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13573" CreationDate="2016-11-23T18:28:22.297" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means dictionary translate from English to Russian.&lt;code&gt;Русско-английский&lt;/code&gt; - translate from Russian to English.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Англо-русский словарь&lt;/code&gt; - one diсtionary&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Англо-русские словари&lt;/code&gt; - many dictionaries&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8127" LastActivityDate="2016-11-23T18:28:22.297" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13580" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13584" CreationDate="2016-11-24T13:56:04.903" Score="1" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard the expression &quot;&lt;strong&gt;в руки мне&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (=into my hands, &lt;em&gt;genitive plural&lt;/em&gt;) in a song. As far as  I know, to say &quot;&lt;em&gt;into&lt;/em&gt;&quot; we have to use accusative case. But in that expression it is in genitive case. Can we rewrite that expression like:&quot;&lt;strong&gt;в Мой рук&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&lt;em&gt;accusative plural&lt;/em&gt;) ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8126" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-25T13:35:18.950" LastActivityDate="2016-11-26T05:55:28.993" Title="Are the following expressions the same: &quot;в Мой рук&quot; and &quot;в руки мне&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13583" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-24T16:13:54.873" Score="-1" ViewCount="371" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the English equivalent for this word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8076" LastActivityDate="2016-11-24T16:24:09.470" Title="The translation for 'шаболда'" Tags="&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-11-24T22:25:41.913" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13580" CreationDate="2016-11-24T16:23:04.573" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let us see where your confusion starts.One hand is рука, the genitive from it is чего?руки, the accusative is во что? в руку.And all these are singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now two hands is &lt;strong&gt;руки&lt;/strong&gt;(nominative ),нет чего? &lt;strong&gt;рук&lt;/strong&gt; (genitive plural),во что? &lt;strong&gt;в руки&lt;/strong&gt; (accusative plural).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Рука is feminine, so it &lt;strong&gt;can't be&lt;/strong&gt; *мой--accusative singular +рук (genitive plural ).В руки is correct. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-24T17:57:22.557" LastActivityDate="2016-11-24T17:57:22.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13585" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13583" CreationDate="2016-11-24T16:24:09.470" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;устар., жарг. то же, что шабалда; &lt;strong&gt;болтун, врун, негодный человек&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;жарг., пренебр. &lt;strong&gt;потаскуха, распутница&lt;/strong&gt; ◆ А мне все равно, что ты думала, шаболда ты пучеглазая! Владимир Колычев, «Постой, паровоз!», 2007 г. ◆ Мешки под глазами и ярко накрашенные губы красочно дополняли портрет этой привокзальной шаболды.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, outdated meaning is &amp;quot;someone that talks too much, liar, worthless person&amp;quot; and second, derogatory one - &amp;quot;a slut&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally, I have never heard this word in speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-11-24T16:24:09.470" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13580" CreationDate="2016-11-24T16:35:20.530" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are you talking about this song? &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGSBJXxmbNg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGSBJXxmbNg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Songwriters and poets usually have a freedom to bend regular grammar rules, so their texts sound better. Thatswhy songs and poems can hardly be translated literally. I would definitely not learn russian grammar from song lyrics, esp. from old folk music. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As V.V. said, &quot;в мой рук&quot; is definitely wrong. Read his answer for the correct explanation of grammatical cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7371" LastActivityDate="2016-11-24T16:35:20.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13580" CreationDate="2016-11-24T17:20:31.923" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I heard the expression &quot;в руки мне&quot; (=into my hands, genitive plural) in a song&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;&lt;em&gt;Give me in [my] hands&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. &quot;Мне&quot; is Dative and &quot;в руки&quot; is Accusative plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can we rewrite that expression like:&quot;в Мой рук&quot; (accusative plural) ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems you just confused which form is which. &quot;Рук&quot; is Genitive plural, not Accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-11-24T17:20:31.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13580" CreationDate="2016-11-24T17:54:03.183" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;в руки мне&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here руки is in Accusative plural, not Genitive. The word order is non-default, the default would be мне в руки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The singular form would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;в мою руку or мне в руку&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;в Мой рук&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is ungrammatical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-11-24T17:54:03.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13589" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13590" CreationDate="2016-11-24T19:17:59.830" Score="2" ViewCount="1222" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am so confused with the cases when constructing this sentence in Russian. I tried to construct it in 2 ways. I really don't know whether they are right or wrong. If wrong, what are my errors? I did my best to explain the problem in the picture:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fvQYr.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fvQYr.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8126" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T01:11:39.977" Title="How to say &quot;I am going to my friend's party.&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13589" CreationDate="2016-11-24T20:22:42.620" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are almost perfect in your investigation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду на вечеринку к &lt;strong&gt;своему&lt;/strong&gt; другу. (к кому? – dative, на что? – accusative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All cases are used correctly. Mind the possessive pronoun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду на &lt;strong&gt;вечеринку&lt;/strong&gt; своего друга. (на что? – accusative, кого? –своего  друга – genitive ). Possessive case is Genitive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first is more natural, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2016-11-24T20:31:56.840" LastActivityDate="2016-11-24T20:31:56.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13589" CreationDate="2016-11-24T20:23:15.057" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду на вечеринку моего друга&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure why you're so confused. Word order doesn't matter here, so &quot;на вечеринку&quot; must be in Accusative just like in the first example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both variants are OK, although the first one is slightly more natural IMO. Also note that it's often a good idea to say &quot;своему / своего&quot; instead of &quot;моему / моего&quot;, i.e. &quot;Я иду на вечеринку к своему другу&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-11-24T20:23:15.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13563" CreationDate="2016-11-24T22:42:49.413" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Hair band&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Soft band that you can use to tie long hair into ponytail is &quot;резинка для волос&quot;. Google Picture also shows hard bow-shaped thing which can be put vertically around your head. This thing is &quot;ободок&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Messy hair&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A person having messy hair is &quot;лохматый&quot;/&quot;лохматая&quot; (adj.). &quot;лохматые волосы&quot; also work. Also does (but worse) &quot;лохматая причёска&quot;. &#xA;A literal translation is &quot;лохмы&quot; but it is much rarely used than &quot;лохматый&quot; and sounds more negative (&quot;лохмы&quot; can never be stylish, while &quot;лохматые волосы&quot; can be).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Crop hair&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Less formally it's &quot;причёска/стрижка под мальчика&quot;. For hairdressers it's probably &quot;гарсон&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To carry a haircut&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literal &quot;носить стрижку&quot; works here pretty good. &quot;у него/у меня/ у неё &amp;lt;some characteristic&amp;gt; стрижка&quot; also works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Straitened hair&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выпрямленные волосы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Hairstyle up-do&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Высокая причёска&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding these ones I am less confident:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Layered hairstyle&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google says this hairstyle is known as &quot;каскад&quot; in Russian but you better recheck it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Hair accessories&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Аксессуары для волос&quot; look fine for me. Also it feels like someone can find something better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Hairstyle texture&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Текстура причёски&quot; sounds fine for me. Although there maybe more professional translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3843" LastActivityDate="2016-11-24T22:42:49.413" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13589" CreationDate="2016-11-25T01:11:39.977" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both sentences are right. But the first case accentuates that you are going to your friend and the second one - that you are going to party.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8133" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T01:11:39.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13594" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13595" CreationDate="2016-11-25T03:00:31.713" Score="6" ViewCount="1066" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word has given me a lot of trouble while studying Russian. At first, I thought it meant &quot;what&quot; or &quot;that&quot;. But, I recently heard someone say, &quot;Да, что очень важно.&quot; Why? Why not, &quot;Это очень важно&quot;? Then, I heard someone say, &quot;Есть что посмотреть.&quot; What? Does this word mean what, that, thing? I just need a list of uses for this word because it is just not clicking for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4925" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-11-25T13:37:12.473" LastActivityDate="2016-11-26T00:20:18.833" Title="Что: Can it even be translated?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13594" CreationDate="2016-11-25T05:25:58.753" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The list is very long and I am afraid it still doesn't comprise all the meanings,because there are lots of idioms.The main points are &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.&lt;em&gt;Что&lt;/em&gt; as a question word and a conjunction is used to speak of an inanimate thing, an action &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что такое? Я вижу, что происходит. Что случилось?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.As a conjunction (when unstressed ) in subordinate clauses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я знаю, что он был здесь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.Meaning &quot;how much?&quot;(colloquial )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Купите яблоки.– Что стОит?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.Meaning &quot;something &quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А было ли что на самом деле?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.Meaning &quot;why&quot; (colloquial )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что же ты ничего не сказал?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6 Meaning &quot;как&quot; in a comparison &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Материнский гнев — что весенний снег: и много его выпадет, да скоро растает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7 Emphatic &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что, я неправ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8 Meaning &quot;which, that&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дом, что стоит на углу, покосился.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9.Surprise &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что вы говорите? Вот не знал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10 As a question to a predicate describing a state of things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что наш больной? Ему легче?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11.Meaning &quot;it doesn't matter &quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что мне дождь, что мне зной, что мне дождик проливной, когда мои друзья со мной.&#xA;  Неприятности что, справимся. Что толку спорить? Что пользы ждать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Idioms and phrases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;и что,&#xA;  не весть что,&#xA;  не для чего,&#xA;  чего ради,&#xA;  чем бы ни,&#xA;  чему быть, того не миновать,&#xA;  подумать бог знает что,&#xA;  что бы ни,&#xA;  что бы там ни было,&#xA;  что же, что ж,&#xA;  что ли,&#xA;  что нибудь,&#xA;  что такое,&#xA;  не что иное, как,&#xA;  что угодно,&#xA;  все что угодно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T05:25:58.753" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13594" CreationDate="2016-11-25T05:54:43.533" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The incomplete phrase &amp;lt;&lt;strong&gt;Да, что очень важно.&lt;/strong&gt;&gt; can have one of two meanings, depending on context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It can be a concluding reply to another person's words, then it means: &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Yes, &lt;strong&gt;which&lt;/strong&gt; is very important.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It can precede something the speaker wants to add to what he/she's just said, then it means: &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Oh/Well, and here's &lt;strong&gt;what&lt;/strong&gt;'s very important.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Да&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't translate literally here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2016-11-25T08:20:53.950" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T08:20:53.950" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13594" CreationDate="2016-11-25T08:09:32.627" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some words could be omitted:&lt;br&gt;&quot;Да, (это то) что очень важно.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&quot;Есть что (-нибудь) посмотреть?&quot;&lt;br&gt;&quot;Есть (кое-) что посмотреть!&quot; - &quot;There is something to watch down here!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8057" LastEditorUserId="8057" LastEditDate="2016-11-26T00:20:18.833" LastActivityDate="2016-11-26T00:20:18.833" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13598" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-11-25T09:40:01.770" Score="-4" ViewCount="789" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would I write pchelka (little bee, as a term of endearment) as a plural (as in my little bees)? &#xA;Thank you x&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8136" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T16:35:10.007" Title="What is the plural of pchelka?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-11-26T02:03:01.727" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13598" CreationDate="2016-11-25T10:43:09.180" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пчёлки  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for grammatical cases you can refer to this site: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7371" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T10:43:09.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13531" CreationDate="2016-11-25T15:37:17.023" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В году, в сутках, в неделе. В году у нас 365 дней. В сутках 24 часа. В неделе 7 дней.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can decline the way you say but it will be like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы ходим туда один раз в неделю.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы летаем в Москву дважды в год.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это явление произошло точно день в день, как и было предсказано.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Его нет дома уже третьи сутки.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8076" LastEditorUserId="8076" LastEditDate="2016-11-28T08:47:19.043" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T08:47:19.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13570" CreationDate="2016-11-25T16:06:05.810" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Look:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;через неделю&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;&quot;after (in) a (one) week&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;after (in) a (one) week's time&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;and it should have been &lt;strong&gt;&quot;in two weeks' time&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&quot;in two weeks&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; for &lt;strong&gt;&quot;через две недели&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And concerning the other two answers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Speaking about a single event in the future: &quot;Я уеду через неделю&quot; means &quot;I am leaving in a week&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Actually &quot;I am leaving in a week&quot; is closer to the Russian &quot;Я уезжаю через неделю&quot; and &quot;I will leave in a week&quot; means &quot;Я уеду через неделю&quot;!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Speaking about something repetitive: &quot;Я езжу в Москву через неделю&#xA;  (каждую вторую неделю)&quot; means &quot;I visit Moscow every other week&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is incorrect in Russian to say: &quot;Я езжу в Москву через неделю&quot;. It should be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;I visit Moscow every other week&quot;. Is equivalent to &quot;Я посещаю Москву каждую вторую неделю (неделя через неделю)&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Я езжу в Москву через неделю&quot; would be &quot;I ride to Moscow after a week&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я поеду в отпуск через неделю - I'll go on vacation in a week time&#xA;  (after skipping one week)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It should be &quot;I'll go on vacation in a week's time&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я плаваю в бассейне через день - I swim in the pool every other day.&#xA;  (i.e. I skip a day and swim on the second day.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incorrect Russian, should be: &quot;Я плаваю в бассейне сутки через сутки (каждые вторые сутки)&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наша группа собирается через неделю - Our group meets every other week&#xA;  (i.e. we meet one week, and then skip a week)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Наша группа собирается через неделю&quot; will be &quot;Our group is meeting after a week (in a week's time)&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Our group meets every other week&quot; is &quot;Наша группа собирается каждую вторую неделю (неделя через неделю)&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8076" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T16:06:05.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13598" CreationDate="2016-11-25T16:35:10.007" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пчёлк&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; / пчёлк&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cannot add comments, so reply to @Pasha Syrnikov:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to my foreign pass this should be written in latin characters like: Pch&lt;strong&gt;e&lt;/strong&gt;lka / Pch&lt;strong&gt;e&lt;/strong&gt;lki, however it has other (possibly better) variants: Pch&lt;strong&gt;o&lt;/strong&gt;lka, Pch&lt;strong&gt;yo&lt;/strong&gt;lka (RU ё -&gt; LA o, yo, e).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8139" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T16:35:10.007" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13594" CreationDate="2016-11-25T17:03:37.707" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say it always means &lt;code&gt;what&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your example &lt;code&gt;Есть что посмотреть&lt;/code&gt; could still make sense in English as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;What is there to watch?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user8140" LastActivityDate="2016-11-25T17:03:37.707" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13580" CreationDate="2016-11-26T05:55:28.993" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A small clarification to the answers.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;These words are spelled the same but pronounced differently:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ру́ки - nominative or accusative plural, accent on the first syllable. &quot;в мои ру́ки&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;руки́ - genitive singular, accent on the second syllable. &quot;взмах руки́&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2016-11-26T05:55:28.993" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13608" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13610" CreationDate="2016-11-27T21:29:52.870" Score="1" ViewCount="221" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider the following sentence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Купи нам какого-нибудь хлеба.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would have thought to express it as &quot;Купи нам какой-нибудь хлеба&quot;, reasoning that &quot;Купи нам какой-нибудь&quot; is a perfectly sound sentence with &quot;какой-нибудь&quot; being the object of купи, and that хлеба could be thought of as a sort of subordinate to какой-нибудь.&#xA;However, I've been told that this is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the reasoning given above wrong because какой-нибудь is an adjective, and therefore must have the same case as хлеба?&#xA;In the same vein, does какой-нибудь ever act like an object?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7764" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T14:40:55.600" Title="Can какой-нибудь be an object, or just an adjective?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13609" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13608" CreationDate="2016-11-28T00:57:42.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какой-нибудь is a pronoun , not adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Купи нам какой-нибудь хлеб. &quot;Buy us any bread&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Купи нам какой-нибудь. &quot;Buy us any&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if from the context it is clear you mean bread.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T00:57:42.663" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13608" CreationDate="2016-11-28T04:10:00.970" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Купи какой‐нибудь хлеб. Купи какого-нибудь хлеба.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use either accusative or genitive in  this  sentence The meaning is slightly different.      The accusative signifies the item itself or the whole item.&#xA;The genitive means  &amp;quot;some,&amp;quot;  &amp;quot;a little&amp;quot;. Some nouns have the special form of genitive which is called the  partitive. Хлеб doesn't have it. You can see the  partitive in action when you hear &amp;quot;сахару&amp;quot; for example. There are three possible variants:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хочешь сахар? - accusative. It refers to a substance as a class. Соли нет, хочешь сахар?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хочешь сахара? - genitive. One of the multiple functions of genitive is to refer to some amount of a substance: &amp;quot;стакан воды&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;ложка сахара&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хочешь сахару? - partitive. It's the special form of genitive to refer to some amount of a substance: &amp;quot;ложка сахару&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какой‐нибудь is a &lt;strong&gt;pronoun&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian (terminology is different in Russian and in English ) and is used as a determiner to a noun хлеб, so it should be declined &lt;strong&gt;какого-нибудь хлеба&lt;/strong&gt; (used &lt;strong&gt;attributively&lt;/strong&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;Купи хлеба&lt;/strong&gt; would mean &amp;quot;some bread&amp;quot;, when you add a pronoun, you mean &amp;quot;a sort&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;a kind&amp;quot;. It is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; used as a noun or its substitution.We use &lt;strong&gt;что‐нибудь&lt;/strong&gt; in that case. In a conversation the noun хлеб can be left out&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какой хлеб/какого хлеба купить? – Да купи какой‐нибудь, не важно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T14:40:55.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13611" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13612" CreationDate="2016-11-28T14:39:14.623" Score="6" ViewCount="259" Body="&lt;p&gt;In what cases can we leave out &quot;ли&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не знаю умер он или нет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;or&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не знаю умер ли он. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically when should I use ли? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2016-11-29T11:46:33.007" Title="When can we leave out ли?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13611" CreationDate="2016-11-28T17:45:02.600" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;We use &quot;ли&quot; mostly in yes/no questions &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Любите ли вы театр?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can leave out &lt;em&gt;ли&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы любите театр?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mind the word order.We use inversion in the first sentence. &#xA;We also use &quot;ли&quot; in reported yes/no questions like in those examples of yours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не знаю, придет ли он сегодня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ли functions as &lt;em&gt;if&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;whether&lt;/em&gt;. We can't leave out &lt;em&gt;ли&lt;/em&gt; or change the word order,but we can use another sentence with almost the same meaning with &lt;em&gt;или&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не знаю, придет он или нет сегодня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нет adds the emphasis to the sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T17:45:02.600" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13613" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-11-28T22:27:33.860" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-11-28T22:27:33.860" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T22:27:33.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13614" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-11-28T22:27:33.860" Score="0" Body="Questions about special language used by a particular group as well as about an informal nonstandard vocabulary composed of invented words, changed words, and exaggerated or humorous figures of speech. " OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-11-28T22:27:33.860" LastActivityDate="2016-11-28T22:27:33.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13611" CreationDate="2016-11-29T11:46:33.007" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, &quot;ли&quot; can be treated as &quot;whether&quot;/&quot;if&quot;. When you want to ask some indirect question. For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I don't know whether he has done his homework or not.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я не знаю сделал &lt;strong&gt;ли&lt;/strong&gt; он свою домашнюю работу или нет.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7167" LastActivityDate="2016-11-29T11:46:33.007" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13618" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13632" CreationDate="2016-11-30T08:03:42.477" Score="9" ViewCount="1021" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я ви́жу &lt;strong&gt;одного́ ма́льчика&lt;/strong&gt;. (I see one boy.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я ви́жу &lt;strong&gt;два до́ма&lt;/strong&gt;. (I see two houses.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я ви́жу &lt;strong&gt;двух ма́льчиков&lt;/strong&gt;. (I see two boys.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I often get confused with the cases. As far as I know, after &quot;&lt;code&gt;видеть&lt;/code&gt;&quot;, we need to use the &lt;em&gt;Accusative Case&lt;/em&gt;.  I really have difficulty understanding &lt;em&gt;the cases of the numbers and the nouns after them&lt;/em&gt; in the above sentences. (what case are they and why?). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8126" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2017-07-24T10:23:40.927" LastActivityDate="2017-07-24T10:23:40.927" Title="Я вижу + numeral + noun - governed by what case?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13618" CreationDate="2016-11-30T19:49:22.390" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;A Wiktionary page for два helps:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;два and две, when in the nominative case or accusative case, even in compounds (22, 32, 42, 102, etc.), govern the genitive of the noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the accusative case, animate nouns become genitive plural and inanimate nouns remain in genitive singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;And a few rules for adjectives (e.g. &amp;quot;Two red cats&amp;quot;)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the noun in a nominative construction is in the genitive singular following два or две, an intervening adjective or adjectival participle will be in the genitive plural or nominative plural&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If два is in nominative case, the adjective will be nominative plural when the noun is feminine&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If два is in accusative case, the adjective will be nominative plural only if the noun is feminine inanimate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These rules apply to три and четыре as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry for basically copy pasting but I figured I would separate the rules from the examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-11-30T19:49:22.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13618" CreationDate="2016-11-30T21:30:41.087" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я ви́жу одного́ ма́льчика. (I see one boy.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this first case what you're seeing &lt;b&gt;is&lt;/b&gt; accusative. What happens in accusative case when you have a masculine animate noun is that the object becomes genitive based on whether it's one or many (genitive singular or genitive plural).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я ви́жу два до́ма. (I see two houses.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case what you're seeing is accusative with the word дом being in the genitive singular &quot;дома&quot;. Why is this happening? Because you have to have agreement between your nouns and your numbers. There's a brief rundown &lt;a href=&quot;http://learningrussian.net/russian-grammar/russian-nouns/agreement-with-numbers.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я ви́жу двух ма́льчиков. (I see two boys.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here we have the same case as #1, the only difference is that there are many boys meaning the object will take genitive plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8169" LastActivityDate="2016-11-30T21:30:41.087" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13622" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-01T20:32:55.077" Score="16" ViewCount="2166" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Z2jd9.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Z2jd9.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of English, &quot;she&quot; was used much less than &quot;he&quot;, and it still hasn't caught up. In Russian, it looks as if the translation of &quot;he&quot; almost didn't exist, until around 1915. What happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8175" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2016-12-02T17:47:33.793" LastActivityDate="2016-12-02T19:22:37.863" Title="Why did &quot;он&quot; suddenly become so much more common?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;род&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13622" CreationDate="2016-12-01T21:19:58.340" Score="28" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, the year is not &quot;around 1915&quot;, but the beginning of 1918 when the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography#The_post-revolution_reform&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;orthography reform&lt;/a&gt; began. Before 1918 &quot;он&quot; was written as &quot;онъ&quot;, and naturally before 1918 &quot;он&quot; was not used. Have a look:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/J9Fll.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/J9Fll.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After 1918, &lt;strong&gt;Ъ&lt;/strong&gt; at the end of words after &quot;hard&quot; consonants was used mainly by emigrants in their printed publications. All the instances of &quot;он&quot; used before 1918 that Ngram Viewer shows in its graphs are actually mistakes of the Google Books OCR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2016-12-02T19:22:37.863" LastActivityDate="2016-12-02T19:22:37.863" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13625" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12485" CreationDate="2016-12-02T11:40:46.073" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion this phrase is said about a person, who became only a few inches taller as compared to himself when he used to use a baby poo bowl. It is a comparison between person's height in past (when he had to use a baby poo bowl) and his current height (when he is tall enough to use regular toilet) not between his height and a height of some thing like cooking pot or some bowl.&#xA;Similar proverb: &lt;strong&gt;Молоко на губах не обсохло.&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8181" LastActivityDate="2016-12-02T11:40:46.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13564" CreationDate="2016-12-02T13:19:30.343" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those words have slightly different meanings.&#xA;1. Word &quot;штука&quot; and its derivatives &quot;штучка&quot;, &quot;штуковина&quot; means basically &quot;thing&quot;, and usually is used when author do not know correct term for the thing e.g. name of tool or a part of machinery: &quot;Я взял у него эту штуку&quot;.&#xA;It also means &quot;piece&quot; in &quot;3 штуки&quot; (3 pieces). &#xA;2. &quot;Вещь&quot; is more formal and beside of main meaning &quot;thing&quot; has couple of others: &quot;piece of clothing&quot;, &quot;work of art&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8048" LastActivityDate="2016-12-02T13:19:30.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13618" CreationDate="2016-12-02T15:29:31.837" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;An answer to this case question citing the cardinal numbers &quot;&lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;two&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; can be found in most Russian grammars in sections on the genitive case and/or the declension of cardinal numbers. The confusion as to whether the case of a number or noun is in the genitive or the accusative can be resolved by checking those grammar texts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most &lt;em&gt;succinct&lt;/em&gt; explanation (for beginners) that I have found in seven  Russian grammar texts that I examined for the declension rules for the cardinal numbers &quot;one&quot; and &quot;two&quot; are the following from J.L.I Fennell's &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;THE PENGUIN RUSSIAN COURSE&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (1961); copies are available from Amazon.com at exceptionally low cost.  (Note: The ellipsis in my quote from text of that book indicate where I have not included the examples that are given by the author):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[quote]&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nouns qualified by numerals&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) The number &quot;one&quot; (&lt;strong&gt;один, одна, одно&lt;/strong&gt;) agrees in gender with the noun following it: ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) &lt;strong&gt;два&lt;/strong&gt; (for masculine and neuter nouns) and &lt;strong&gt;две&lt;/strong&gt; (for feminine nouns) are followed by the genitive singular: ...  The same applies to &lt;strong&gt;оба&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;обе&lt;/strong&gt; 'both': ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) &lt;strong&gt;три&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;четыре&lt;/strong&gt; (all genders) are also followed by the genitive singular: ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[ends quote]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The text also gives the  rules governing the numerals &quot;five&quot; to &quot;twenty&quot;, &quot;thirty&quot; &lt;em&gt;etc&lt;/em&gt;. up to &quot;100&quot;.  All those numbers are followed by the genitive plural.  For compound numbers the case for the noun is governed by the gender/case of the last numeral in the compound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are more advanced texts which list more rules governing the case and use of numerals, so I have more or less limited my answer to the numbers in the examples given for this question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only caveat I would like to add is that, serious beginning students should avoid books on &quot;tourist&quot; Russian, as they rarely deal with any form of this type of grammar question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The more advanced student will, of course, find more detailed explanations in texts such as (available from Amazon.com) the often cited I.Pulkina and E.Zakhava-Nekrasova's &quot;&lt;strong&gt;RUSSIAN: A PRACTICAL GRAMMAR WITH EXERCISES&lt;/strong&gt;, or Borras and Christian's &lt;strong&gt;RUSSIAN SYNTAX: ASPECTS OF MODERN RUSSIAN SYNTAX AND VOCABULARY&lt;/strong&gt;.  These and similar grammars go on to further explain case and syntax for quantitative numeric nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8021" LastEditorUserId="8021" LastEditDate="2016-12-02T16:30:56.487" LastActivityDate="2016-12-02T16:30:56.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13628" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-12-02T20:28:53.037" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2016-12-02T20:28:53.037" LastActivityDate="2016-12-02T20:28:53.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13629" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-12-02T20:28:53.037" Score="0" Body="Questions that are partly about languages other than Russian." OwnerUserId="7864" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditDate="2016-12-06T08:58:36.803" LastActivityDate="2016-12-06T08:58:36.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13630" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13631" CreationDate="2016-12-03T06:54:58.593" Score="4" ViewCount="350" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've known for a while what the word &quot;совсем&quot; means, but only recently did I realize that the meaning stems from the fact that: &quot;совсем = с(о)+всем&quot; (entirely=with everything).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is probably fairly obvious for native speakers, but it took a long time for me to realize. The same is true of &quot;сейчас = сей+час&quot; (now=this hour/time). Also &quot;нет+(genitive)=не+есть&quot;, &quot;когда=кого+года&quot;, &quot;всегда=все+года&quot;, and &quot;если=есть+ли&quot;. There are other such examples which I am forgetting now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a list somewhere of such common words which are actually built up from small words whose meanings are easier to remember? I feel like this would be very helpful to those learning the language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T08:28:04.153" Title="Examples of compound words &quot;hidden in plain sight&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13630" CreationDate="2016-12-03T08:28:04.153" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, that could be trickier than you think.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;нет+(genitive)=не+есть&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually &quot;&lt;em&gt;нет&lt;/em&gt;&quot; goes from &quot;&lt;em&gt;нету&lt;/em&gt;&quot; which is &quot;&lt;em&gt;не [есть] тут&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (not here).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;когда=кого+года&quot;, &quot;всегда=все+года&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a doubtful theory. Usually they say that &quot;&lt;em&gt;всегда&lt;/em&gt;&quot;=&quot;&lt;em&gt;все+когда&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, but &quot;&lt;em&gt;когда&lt;/em&gt;&quot; has a root of its own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there a list somewhere of such common words which are actually built up from small words&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Never seen it. But note that some prepositions are still written separately (&quot;compound prepositions&quot;): &quot;в течение&quot;, &quot;в связи&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some obvious examples of &quot;single-word multi-root&quot; prepositions which come to my mind: &quot;вместо&quot; (в+место = in place), &quot;или&quot; (и+ли), &quot;ввиду&quot; (в+виду = in sight), &quot;вряд [ли]&quot; (в+ряд = in a row), &quot;наподобие&quot; (на+подобие), &quot;вроде&quot; (в+роде), &quot;вокруг&quot; (во+круг), &quot;около&quot; (о+коло, cf. колесо), &quot;вблизи&quot; (в+близи), &quot;навстречу&quot; (adv.) (на+встречу) and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-12-03T08:28:04.153" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13618" CreationDate="2016-12-04T16:05:58.290" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Numerals in combinations with other words can act as main words and dependent ones. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The numeral один (одна, одно, одни) and all ordinal numerals are dependent from the following noun and agree in gender, number and case like adjectives &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;третий ряд, третья комната, третье событие, третьи ножницы;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nom. один год/мальчик, одна неделя/девочка, одно окно, одни люди.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Gen. одного года/мальчика, одной недели/девочки, одного окна, одних людей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Acc. один год, одного мальчика, одну неделю /девочку, одно окно, одних людей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So один doesn't govern the following noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.Most cardinal numerals require the genitive case of the  noun (except один, 21, 31,etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Два  человека (gen. sing), сто двадцать пять человек.(gen.pl)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;.All other numerals either govern the following nouns (in &lt;strong&gt;the nominative and the accusative&lt;/strong&gt; ) or are dependent of them in other cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The numerals два, три, четыре (and all compounds like 22, 34, 42, 72,84,etc.) and collective numerals (двое, трое, четверо,etc. ) have the following &lt;strong&gt;animate&lt;/strong&gt; noun in the accusative which coincides in the form with the &lt;strong&gt;genitive plural&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nom. два, три, четыре мальчика, две девочки, двое мальчиков &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Gen. Двух, трёх, четырёх мальчиков, двух девочек, двоих мальчиков.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Acc. Двух,трёх,четырёх мальчиков, двух девочек, двоих мальчиков.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's see what happens to &lt;strong&gt;inanimate&lt;/strong&gt; nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nom. Два,три, четыре стола, окна, две,три, четыре недели &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Gen. Двух, трёх, четырёх столов, окон, двух, трёх, четырёх недель.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Acc. Два, три, четыре стола, окна, две, три, четыре недели.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see that the acc. of the &lt;strong&gt;inanimate&lt;/strong&gt; nouns after 2,3,4 coincides with the nominative which is in fact &lt;strong&gt;genitive singular&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All other combinations ( from 5... ), except mentioned above, have a noun in &lt;strong&gt;genitive plural&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nom пять мальчиков, девочек, столов, окон &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Gen пяти мальчиков, девочек,столов, окон.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Acc. Пять мальчиков, девочек, столов, окон.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The case is determined by the verb, so it would be correct to say that the case is &quot;accusative  which coincides in its form with...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-12-06T08:18:41.080" LastActivityDate="2016-12-06T08:18:41.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13633" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-05T17:46:44.393" Score="2" ViewCount="243" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between the constructions &quot;Не то что ... а ...&quot; and &quot;Не то чтобы ... но ...&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. Is there any difference in meaning or style between the following two sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не то что согласился с ним, а решил не продолжать спор.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Я не то чтобы согласился с ним, но решил не продолжать спор.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5668" LastEditorUserId="5668" LastEditDate="2016-12-06T17:42:09.093" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T09:17:23.017" Title="What's the difference between the constructions &quot;Не то что ... а ...&quot; and &quot;Не то чтобы ... но ...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13634" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13636" CreationDate="2016-12-05T18:43:04.000" Score="4" ViewCount="198" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, I have two sentenses: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Поскуливающая собака лежащая в углу лениво переводила свой взгляд то на хозяев, то на кость.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Лежащая в углу поскуливающая собака лениво переводила свой взгляд то на хозяев, то на кость.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where do I have to put commas and where don't? Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user8200" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-12-06T10:35:22.710" LastActivityDate="2016-12-06T10:35:22.710" Title="Do I need to put a comma? Why?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13636" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13634" CreationDate="2016-12-05T21:03:56.163" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поскуливающая собака, &lt;em&gt;лежащая в углу&lt;/em&gt;, лениво переводила свой взгляд то на хозяев, то на кость.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We usually put commas before and after the reduced participle clause (причастный оборот) when it follows the noun which it determines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лежащая в углу&lt;/em&gt; поскуливающая собака лениво переводила свой взгляд то на хозяев, то на кость.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We don't put commas when the reduced participle clause comes before the noun which it determines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;But&lt;/strong&gt; if the reduced participle clause has the meaning of a condition or a reason or refers to a &lt;strong&gt;pronoun&lt;/strong&gt;, we put commas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Потревоженная громким стуком в дверь, девочка вскочила с кровати. (reason )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не умеющий стрелять, брат, конечно же, в очередной раз промахнулся. (reason)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Изможденный жарой, &lt;strong&gt;он&lt;/strong&gt; жадно припал к студеной колодезной воде. (pronoun)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Утомленная бессонной ночью, &lt;strong&gt;она&lt;/strong&gt; уснула перед рассветом. (pronoun)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-12-06T03:51:28.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13637" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13638" CreationDate="2016-12-06T18:39:44.213" Score="13" ViewCount="594" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference between words отель and гостиница? Can I always use either of them for some given estate? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8206" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-06T20:07:24.643" LastActivityDate="2016-12-08T08:01:58.853" Title="Is there a difference between &quot;отель&quot; and &quot;гостиница&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13637" CreationDate="2016-12-06T20:00:56.740" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, they are interchangeable but &lt;code&gt;oтель&lt;/code&gt; has subtle connotations of something more if not luxurious but at least of higher class, so one can hardly name something very shitty &lt;code&gt;отель&lt;/code&gt; ( unless it is actually has &lt;code&gt;отель&lt;/code&gt; in it's name)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But actually &lt;code&gt;гостиница&lt;/code&gt; is widely used in all contexts as well. You can say in a luxury hotel and Russian native-speaker will have no troubles calling it just &lt;code&gt;гостиница&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, those two words a easily used together, just not to sound too repetitive:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отель «Премьер» расположен в центре рабочего поселка Кантемировка. ... Здание гостиницы оборудовано пожарной сигнализацией &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, answering your question, &lt;code&gt;гостиница&lt;/code&gt; is applicable whenever &lt;code&gt;отель&lt;/code&gt; can be used, almost in all cases it works the other way around as well. I'd rather stick to &lt;code&gt;гостиница&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a sidenote, &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%2C%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;actually&lt;/a&gt; &lt;code&gt;отель&lt;/code&gt; was more popular word but then it lost to &lt;code&gt;гостиница&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZqejV.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZqejV.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-06T21:47:38.560" LastActivityDate="2016-12-06T21:47:38.560" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13640" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-08T08:56:26.620" Score="13" ViewCount="3069" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы ожидал либо Парис либо Пари (согласно французскому произношению).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1726" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-02-03T11:25:19.643" LastActivityDate="2020-02-03T11:25:19.643" Title="Почему Париж пишется через &quot;ж&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;toponyms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="10" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13641" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13640" CreationDate="2016-12-08T11:21:29.693" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мои предположения:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как писали YellowSky, Париж кончается на букву ж, кроме восточнославянских языков, в чешском, польском, словацком, болгарском языках, то есть в трёх западнославянских и одном южнославянском.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Париж был столицей Франции с 508 года.  Вероятно, носители праславянского языка как-то его называли.  Судя по сказанному выше, его название оканчивалось на ж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как пишeт YellowSky, его название оканчивается на ж в венгерском языке и имеет -дж- в итальянском языке.  По-моему, это всё значит, что сами франки или сами парижане когда-то произносили его название &quot;Париж&quot; (или по крайней мере был такой вариант произношения).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2016-12-08T11:27:05.053" LastActivityDate="2016-12-08T11:27:05.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13640" CreationDate="2016-12-08T21:56:34.967" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово Париж пришло в современный русский через польский, в котором оно звучит (ну, практически) так же  - Paryż. Гипотеза @user31264 не выдерживает критики и проходит по разряду любительской этимологии. И например, у чехов слово Парид - Paříž - ř уж никак не объяснить &quot;потому что так франки на самом деле произносили&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть полуапокрифическая гипотеза, что первые карты Франции на территории восточной Европы были отпечатаны в Чехии и в названии столицы была опечатка - и слово читалось как Париш, а потом ш превратилось в ж. Мне не удалось найти каких-то серьёзных научных источников, эту гипотезу подтверждающих.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Честный ответ - я не знаю почему именно &quot;ж&quot;, но всё равно не вижу ничего удивительного в том, что Paris читается как  Париж, потому что:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;нередко заимствованное слово не читается по правилам оригинального языка, и немые согласные вдруг читаются.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;произношение продолжает эволюционировать в обоих языка - и из которого заимствовали и в который заимствовали.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;озвончение для славянских языков не редкость.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;переход з в ж не редкость.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну вот сложилось так исторически. Там в комментах правильно написали, что возможно это из итальянского аффриката &lt;code&gt;дж&lt;/code&gt; получилось западнославянское &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-10T12:22:01.657" LastActivityDate="2017-09-10T12:22:01.657" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13640" CreationDate="2016-12-09T02:45:44.817" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Согласно &lt;strong&gt;топонимическому словарю&lt;/strong&gt; Е.М.Поспелова &lt;strong&gt;&quot;современная французская форма названия - Пари (Paris); принятая в русском языке форма Париж усвоена в искаженном виде через польское посредство&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В 58 - 51 гг. до н.э. римские войска Юлия Цезаря покорили Галлию. Попав на пять столетий под власть Рима, Лютеция Паризиорум стали называть поселение римляне.&#xA;В 358 году Лютецию переименовали в Цивитас Паризиорум (город паризиев), потом - просто Паризия. Вот так в названии появился звонкий согласный &lt;em&gt;з&lt;/em&gt;. В 497 году город захватило племя франков, он стал столицей Франкского королевства. Остров Лютеция получил название Сите, а город - Пари. В польском много шипящих, поэтому соглашусь, что переход &quot;з&quot; в &quot;ж&quot; не так уж и необычен, буквы тоже пишутся почти одинаково  (z, ż).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-12-09T10:40:02.240" LastActivityDate="2016-12-09T10:40:02.240" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13647" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13651" CreationDate="2016-12-09T18:32:41.963" Score="3" ViewCount="874" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am attempting to complete some &lt;em&gt;simple&lt;/em&gt; homework examples my Russian teacher has given me. (I am learning Russian in my free time, whilst I work full-time)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The example given in my textbook is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given: Наша квартира была приватизирована пять лет назад.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Desired: &lt;em&gt;Нашу квартиру приватизировали&lt;/em&gt; пять лет назад.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I require the following clarifications:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is my assumption that the sentence is going from the &lt;em&gt;active voice&lt;/em&gt; in the &lt;em&gt;given&lt;/em&gt; sentence, to the &lt;em&gt;passive voice&lt;/em&gt; in the &lt;em&gt;desired&lt;/em&gt; sentence, correct?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What part of speech is the word &lt;em&gt;«приватизирована»&lt;/em&gt;? (My usual search source, &lt;a href=&quot;https://wiktionary.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; is failing me.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is happening to the above mentioned word when it moves from the &lt;em&gt;given&lt;/em&gt; sentence to the &lt;em&gt;desired&lt;/em&gt; sentence?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why does the above mentioned word decline into the plural past tense form, whereas in the first sentence &lt;em&gt;«быть»&lt;/em&gt; is in its feminine form?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How does it happen? What topic or topics must I read, to elaborate this topic further?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are there any rules regarding this?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8075" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-12-11T08:46:31.960" Title="Active voice, passive voice, adjectives transforming into verbs" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13647" CreationDate="2016-12-09T19:17:01.757" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is my assumption that the sentence is going from the active voice in the given sentence, to the passive voice in the desired sentence, correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, actually it's vice versa: passive to active.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What part of speech is the word «приватизирована»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;краткое страдательное причастие&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; (passive participle, short form, past tense, singular, feminine).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is happening to the above mentioned word when it moves from the given sentence to the desired sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does the above mentioned word decline into the plural past tense form, whereas in the first sentence «быть» is in its feminine form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is impersonate construction which is used along with &amp;quot;normal&amp;quot; active voice plural. I.e. &amp;quot;[they] did&amp;quot; (with &amp;quot;they&amp;quot; omitted) in Russian doesn't mean anyone in particular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-12-09T19:17:01.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13649" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13650" CreationDate="2016-12-09T21:37:07.077" Score="2" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can anyone tell me the main difference between these words and where they should and should not be used? Are they more or less synonyms? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2016-12-10T02:56:25.210" Title="Difference— вид, род, тип" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13649" CreationDate="2016-12-10T02:31:54.743" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;All three have their established usages in a multitude of highly specific contexts (e.g. &lt;strong&gt;род&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;genus&quot; vs. &lt;strong&gt;вид&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;species&quot;), but in everyday usage, you often get situations where you can freely pick between at least two out of the three.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It helps to identify whether you're dealing with a set expression. &lt;strong&gt;Вроде&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;like, such as&quot; is clearly its own word by now, even from its spelling, but equally immutable are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;такого рода&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;suchlike, of this sort&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;иного рода&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;of a different sort&quot; (you also occasionally get &lt;em&gt;такого/иного сорта&lt;/em&gt;);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в некотором роде&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;in a way&quot; (rare, very bookish and often ironic)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;что-то в этом роде&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;something of the sort&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в виде&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;in the form of&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;типа&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;similar to, of the ___ kind&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Типа&lt;/strong&gt; has also, since about the 1990s, become a very flexible &quot;kinda&quot;/&quot;sorta&quot; filler word that, like in colloquial English, can break syntax in very informal Russian: &lt;strong&gt;я типа понимаю&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;I get it and everything&quot;, &lt;strong&gt;а она типа: я уже знаю&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;and she's like: I know already&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what if you just randomly need a word with that approximate meaning? To avoid being bogged down in existing idiomatics, let's take flying teapots as an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the very rare event you'd want to say &lt;strong&gt;род летающих чайников&lt;/strong&gt;, you'd mean it disparagingly. As in &lt;strong&gt;тот род летающих чайников, от которого все беды&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;the sort of flying teapots that are causing all the trouble&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;strong&gt;вид летающих чайников&lt;/strong&gt; vs. &lt;strong&gt;тип летающих чайников&lt;/strong&gt; is down to whether you're classifying by simple observation (&lt;strong&gt;вид&lt;/strong&gt;), or some knowledge or assumption about the flying teapots' inner workings or mode of function (&lt;strong&gt;тип&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Здешний вид летающих чайников красивее.&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;The local variety of flying teapot is nicer-looking&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Только совсем другой тип летающих чайников смог бы поддерживать высоту в атмосфере Марса.&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;Only a wholly different type of flying teapot could maintain altitude in Mars's atmosphere.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this (and basically anything regarding &lt;strong&gt;вид&lt;/strong&gt; vs. &lt;strong&gt;тип&lt;/strong&gt; unless there is clear linguistic precedent) is about which is a better fit, not which is correct. They &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; more or less synonyms, in that you have to try really hard to make it register as an error. The worst you can get is &quot;mmm... okay&quot;. Even randomly using &lt;strong&gt;род&lt;/strong&gt; in any of the last two examples would just be &quot;mmmmmmmmmmmmmmm... o...kay?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2016-12-10T02:56:25.210" LastActivityDate="2016-12-10T02:56:25.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13651" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13647" CreationDate="2016-12-10T04:32:04.680" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наша квартира &lt;em&gt;была приватизирована&lt;/em&gt; пять лет назад.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentence is in the &lt;strong&gt;passive voice&lt;/strong&gt; in the past formed with &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt; which agrees with the subject наша квартира in gender(feminine ) = была + приватизирована (past passive participle, short form) also agreeing in gender with the subject.The topic is &lt;em&gt;страдательный залог&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нашу квартиру приватизировали пять лет назад.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentence is in the &lt;strong&gt;active voice&lt;/strong&gt;, impersonal, past tense,formed with the verb which agrees with the &quot;dummy&quot; &lt;strong&gt;they&lt;/strong&gt; (приватизировали), which is left out. The object is нашу квартиру (accusative sing).The topic is &lt;em&gt;безличные предложения&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;Both sentences mean the same and have a &quot;hidden&quot; agent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-12-11T08:46:31.960" LastActivityDate="2016-12-11T08:46:31.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13652" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-11T02:08:18.743" Score="4" ViewCount="191" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would the phrase &quot;You may have...&quot; be translated best in a sentence such as the following?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You may have&lt;/strong&gt; seen the movie, but you probably didn't &lt;em&gt;understand&lt;/em&gt; it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have done a quick search online, but found nothing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt; The sentence means that the person &lt;em&gt;did&lt;/em&gt; see the movie, but this was not enough to understand it. It's very specific, I know, but I can't see any other way to word it that sounds right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastEditorUserId="6816" LastEditDate="2016-12-11T13:38:13.250" LastActivityDate="2016-12-11T13:38:13.250" Title="&quot;You may have...&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13652" CreationDate="2016-12-11T04:29:21.900" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Возможно/может, вы и смотрели этот фильм, но не поняли его.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both &quot;might&quot;and &quot;probably &quot; carrying the same meaning of probability and doubt would be expressed by может/возможно.The inversion makes it emphatic with и added. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-12-11T04:29:21.900" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13652" CreationDate="2016-12-11T07:23:44.510" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;may have&lt;/code&gt; переводится как &lt;code&gt;могли&lt;/code&gt; (а &lt;code&gt;probably not&lt;/code&gt; как &lt;code&gt;вряд ли&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы могли видеть этот фильм, но вряд ли поняли его.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2016-12-11T07:23:44.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13652" CreationDate="2016-12-11T08:41:39.730" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Должно быть, Вы посмотрели фильм, но, скорее всего, не поняли его&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;This is my translation version&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7896" LastActivityDate="2016-12-11T08:41:39.730" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13652" CreationDate="2016-12-11T09:17:30.763" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Фильм вы если и смотрели, вряд ли поняли&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sentence, as much as I can tell without seeing the context, emphasizes the fact the person probably does not understand the movie (regardless of whether or not they have seen it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian phrase above assumes the reading of &quot;you may or may not have seen the movie, the fact is you likely don't understand it&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2016-12-11T09:17:30.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8571" CreationDate="2016-12-11T15:42:18.540" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;By the way, I came across this not too long ago—&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ODpj5.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ODpj5.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2016-12-11T15:42:18.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13658" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13660" CreationDate="2016-12-12T07:27:47.733" Score="6" ViewCount="364" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он работает с двух часов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the preposition &quot;&lt;code&gt;с&lt;/code&gt;&quot; (=since,from) we need to use the genitive case. &quot;&lt;code&gt;двух&lt;/code&gt;&quot; is in genitive and as far as I know, два requires the noun to be in genitive singular(&lt;strong&gt;часа&lt;/strong&gt;) after itself. But in the above sentence it is in genitive plural(&quot;&lt;code&gt;часов&lt;/code&gt;&quot;). Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8126" LastActivityDate="2016-12-12T11:39:29.497" Title="Why is &quot;час&quot; in genitive plural in Он работает с двух часов?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13658" CreationDate="2016-12-12T09:05:13.847" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indeed &lt;code&gt;с&lt;/code&gt; governs genitive when it means &lt;code&gt;from&lt;/code&gt; (с двух часов, убрать со стола, слезть с дерева). It governs instrumental when it means &lt;code&gt;with&lt;/code&gt; (картошка со сметаной, поговорить с клиентом, пойти в кино с девушкой).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the case is neither nominative nor accusative, numericals do not affect the case or number of the following noun (or intervening adjectives). There is only one exception to that rule: numericals which end by &lt;code&gt;один&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;одна&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;одно&lt;/code&gt; still govern singlular. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;nominative plural: часы, два часа, пять часов&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;genitive plural: часов, двух часов, пяти часов&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;dative plural: часам, двум часам, пяти часам&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;accusative plural: часы, два часа, пять часов&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;instrumental: plural часами, двумя часами, пятью часами&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;prep. plural: о часах, о двух часах, о пяти часах&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is going on in your sentence &lt;code&gt;он работает с двух часов&lt;/code&gt;? The preposition &lt;code&gt;с&lt;/code&gt; governs genitive, and, since the case is not nominative or accusative, the numerical &lt;code&gt;два&lt;/code&gt; is now powerless to affect the following noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, there is a caveat with the word &lt;code&gt;час&lt;/code&gt;.  In this word, if the genitive case is due to numerical, e. g. &lt;code&gt;два (три, четыре) часа́&lt;/code&gt; the stress is on the last syllable.  If the genitive case is due to other cases (e. g. «Бодрствуйте, потому что не знаете ни дня, ни ча́са» - Евангелие от Матфея), the stress is on the first syllable. I don't know why, and cannot think of other similar words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2016-12-12T11:39:29.497" LastActivityDate="2016-12-12T11:39:29.497" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13662" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13663" CreationDate="2016-12-12T13:33:19.643" Score="6" ViewCount="8590" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been looking around in the net, and I have several options come up, so I better ask those who know. Is &quot;С уважением&quot; a proper end of a mail with equivelant to kind regards or is it something else altogether?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8240" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-12T18:36:41.090" LastActivityDate="2016-12-15T17:42:47.407" Title="&quot;Kind regards&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13662" CreationDate="2016-12-12T14:02:53.240" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;С уважением&quot; literally - 'with respect'. It's a proper end of a mail, but you need to add your name to the end of the sentence: &quot;С уважением, Албан.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;As noted by  &lt;strong&gt;Artemix&lt;/strong&gt;, &quot;С уважением&quot; can be used for any business/official letters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also end the letter with such phrases: &quot;Всего наилучшего!&quot;, &quot;С наилучшими пожеланиями! [Author's name].&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2016-12-13T13:35:15.057" LastActivityDate="2016-12-13T13:35:15.057" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13666" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13668" CreationDate="2016-12-12T18:50:43.533" Score="6" ViewCount="579" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dictionaries list &lt;strong&gt;provocative&lt;/strong&gt; in both cases... I'm wondering if there's any difference. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-12T19:47:48.617" LastActivityDate="2016-12-14T08:17:53.853" Title="Difference between &quot;провокационный&quot; and &quot;провокативный&quot;" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13666" CreationDate="2016-12-12T19:20:06.650" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I hardly ever heard the word &quot;провокативный&quot;, and it is not listed in most dictionaries, while &quot;провокационный&quot; is a common word. To translate &quot;provocative&quot; you can use &quot;провокационный&quot; only when it refers to something that leads to conflict, fight or polemic. For other meanings word &quot;вызывающий&quot; fits better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastActivityDate="2016-12-12T19:20:06.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13666" CreationDate="2016-12-12T19:45:18.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Провокационный&lt;/code&gt; is an older borrowing from the Latin through German, while &lt;code&gt;провокативный&lt;/code&gt; is borrowed from English is way new - it started to be used at the end of XXth century. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While &lt;code&gt;провокативный&lt;/code&gt; is gaining some popularity (I guess because it's just shorter) it's nowhere near as widely used as &lt;code&gt;провокационный&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, they are completely interchangeable though. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2016-12-13T05:12:07.573" LastActivityDate="2016-12-13T05:12:07.573" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13662" CreationDate="2016-12-12T20:18:11.697" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For something perhaps a bit closer to the &quot;feel&quot; of &quot;kind regards&quot; (to me «с уважением» feels more like &quot;yours faithfully&quot; or even the archaic &quot;your obedient servant&quot;), consider «с сердечным приветом,...» &quot;with heart-felt greetings,....&quot;.  «С горячим приветом» would be another alternative, but that might be a bit strong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6013" LastEditorUserId="6013" LastEditDate="2016-12-15T17:42:47.407" LastActivityDate="2016-12-15T17:42:47.407" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13666" CreationDate="2016-12-13T10:11:03.560" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Провокационный&lt;/strong&gt; is usually about &lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt; (supposedly) done intentionally in order to get an expected reaction. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Провокативный&lt;/strong&gt; can be either about something &lt;em&gt;potentially&lt;/em&gt; provocative (able to cause some undesired reaction, not necessarily intended), or (by extension of the term used in psychology*) about &lt;em&gt;someone&lt;/em&gt; who tends to behave in a provocative way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://azps.ru/handbook/conflict/provokativnosty.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://azps.ru/handbook/conflict/provokativnosty.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-12-13T10:11:03.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13633" CreationDate="2016-12-13T11:14:29.047" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A standard variation is &lt;code&gt;не то чтобы&lt;/code&gt;. It sounds good. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Construction &lt;code&gt;не то что&lt;/code&gt; is either very vernacular or does not exist (I haven't heard it before and to me it seems wrong).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6274" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2017-03-31T09:17:23.017" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T09:17:23.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13672" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13674" CreationDate="2016-12-13T18:23:35.633" Score="6" ViewCount="3607" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen both &quot;лу́чший друг&quot; and &quot;вéрный товáрищ&quot; used online to mean &quot;best friend&quot; and I was wondering which is more commonly used. Is the latter only used in specific contexts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7763" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-13T18:54:19.930" LastActivityDate="2016-12-15T14:26:02.293" Title="&quot;Best friend&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13672" CreationDate="2016-12-13T18:49:25.487" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лучший друг&lt;/em&gt; would be a better choice nowadays.&lt;em&gt;Товарищ&lt;/em&gt; with or without attributes is not outdated but used less frequently. It is still used in historical background, books,films,etc. Though the word itself is not to blame for its political past, it is somewhat being avoided nowadays. &lt;strong&gt;Друг, друзья, приятель&lt;/strong&gt; are the usual choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-12-14T04:05:59.010" LastActivityDate="2016-12-14T04:05:59.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13672" CreationDate="2016-12-13T19:34:59.117" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I disagree with @V.V. on &lt;code&gt;товарищ&lt;/code&gt; being outdated. While historical association with communism and Soviet period is indeed strong, word &lt;code&gt;товарищ&lt;/code&gt; is used not only in ironical context. It's just that it's differ from what it meant at the Soviet period (sort of communistic analogue of sir or monsieur - by gender-agnostic) and is used in it's original meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, &quot;товарищ&quot; is a buddy, a person you have nice relationships with, one you can rely on, but not necessarily friend. So I agree with @V.V. on &quot;лучший друг&quot; being the most relevant translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other words and phrases worth two now:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Закадычные друзья&lt;/code&gt; - very closed friends, also &lt;code&gt;закадычная дружба&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Друзья не разлей вода&lt;/code&gt; - idiomatic, for close friendship.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Корефан&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;кореш&lt;/code&gt; - slang words for close friend.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2016-12-13T19:34:59.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13672" CreationDate="2016-12-14T08:09:14.300" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вéрный товáрищ has connotation of war circumstances or other difficulties. It means somebody who does not betray you or leave you in hard circumstances. Remains faithful despite the hardships. I would translate it &quot;faithful comrade&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лу́чший друг simply means best friend, somebody with whom you are in good mood and like to spend time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible that лу́чший друг betrays you and stops being лу́чший друг. On the other hand вéрный товáрищ cannot betray because the very phrase means somebody who does not betray.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-12-14T14:55:53.167" LastActivityDate="2016-12-14T14:55:53.167" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13666" CreationDate="2016-12-14T08:17:53.853" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say, провокационный can refer to some action or doing such as military maneuvers or accusation while провокативный to things, like sexy clothing or unusual design.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2016-12-14T08:17:53.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13633" CreationDate="2016-12-14T08:57:13.110" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;1.The thing or idea following the expression &lt;strong&gt;не то что... (а)&lt;/strong&gt; can be compared to something '&lt;em&gt;stronger&lt;/em&gt;':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он от этого &lt;strong&gt;не то что&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;расстроился&lt;/em&gt; [это можно было предположить или это&#xA;  само собой разумеется, но слишком мягко сказано], а (даже) &lt;em&gt;впал в&#xA;  депрессию&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A similar type of comparison can be found in this classical example (from Lermontov's poem): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Да, были люди наше время - &lt;strong&gt;не то что&lt;/strong&gt; нынешнее племя: богатыри - не вы!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.The expression &lt;strong&gt;не то чтобы... (а/но)&lt;/strong&gt; can be used in the &lt;em&gt;opposite&lt;/em&gt; case - to &lt;em&gt;soften&lt;/em&gt; the literal sense of the words said just after that expression:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он от этого не то чтобы впал в депрессию [это было бы слишком сильно&#xA;  сказано], а/но был всерьёз расстроен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second of your 2 examples is correct—but it would sound more natural with &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;но&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2017-03-31T09:16:34.360" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T09:16:34.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13678" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13679" CreationDate="2016-12-14T17:21:08.517" Score="6" ViewCount="437" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;HP&quot; is something commonly found in sci-fi and fantasy role-playing games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone give me a clue? Specifically I need the abbreviation equivalent if there is one, or else a very short word. If you give an acceptable synonym (e.g. &quot;life&quot; in English), please tell me what that word's closest equivalent is in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case it is &quot;HP&quot; of a human character, so something like &quot;life&quot; or &quot;life force&quot; may also work. But I'm sure there must be a standard term since there are many Russian gamers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8248" LastEditorUserId="8248" LastEditDate="2016-12-14T17:51:59.460" LastActivityDate="2016-12-15T15:59:07.327" Title="&quot;HP&quot; / &quot;Hit Points&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13678" CreationDate="2016-12-14T18:47:48.960" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually it's &quot;жизнь&quot; or &quot;здоровье&quot;. It's okay to say &quot;у меня осталось всего 14 жизни&quot; (I have only 14 HPs left) or &quot;здоровья/жизни совсем мало осталось&quot; (I'm short of HPs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2016-12-14T18:47:48.960" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13678" CreationDate="2016-12-14T20:22:52.950" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;жизнь&quot; is actually &quot;life&quot;, like &quot;cats have 9 lives&quot;, not &quot;cats have 9 HP&quot;. If you have both Hit points and lives, using жизнь for both would be very confuisng. &#xA;You can say &quot;100% жизни&quot;  for 100% HP, if you only have HP. &#xA;For russian gamers it is also very common to use english words but write them with russian letters: &quot;хит поинтс&quot;  for &quot;Hit points&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7371" LastActivityDate="2016-12-14T20:22:52.950" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13672" CreationDate="2016-12-15T14:26:02.293" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;One more point: лу́чший друг we usually use when we want to make stress on word лу́чший. Because we can have a lot of friends, but this one is the best one. This person is closer than other. I suppose this is important thing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8254" LastActivityDate="2016-12-15T14:26:02.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13678" CreationDate="2016-12-15T14:41:38.833" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Часто так и называют - хиты.  &quot;Сколько у тебя хитов?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2016-12-15T14:41:38.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13678" CreationDate="2016-12-15T15:59:07.327" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on what are you playing. When we play LARP in Russian, we typically use the word &lt;code&gt;хиты&lt;/code&gt; (sing. &lt;code&gt;хит&lt;/code&gt;). When playing computer games, we transliterate HP as &lt;code&gt;ХП&lt;/code&gt; (read as [хэпэ]). You may see expressions like &lt;code&gt;полХП&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;Half of the HP bar&quot;), &lt;code&gt;треть ХП&lt;/code&gt; etc. It is not uncommon to translate &quot;HP&quot; (Health Points) directly, as &lt;code&gt;Очки здоровья&lt;/code&gt;, abbriviated as &lt;code&gt;ОЗ&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you use the &quot;wrong&quot; word, for example, say &quot;У меня мало хитов осталось&quot; while playing a computer game, or &quot;Мало [хэпэ]&quot; when playing LARP, you would seem... strange? :) &lt;code&gt;ОЗ&lt;/code&gt;I actually have never heard from any kind of gamers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that some systems use different ways to measure damage, for example, &lt;em&gt;Vampire: The Masquerade&lt;/em&gt; tabletop uses &quot;health levels&quot; that are pretty much the same for all humanoid characters. It would be wrong to translate that as either &lt;code&gt;хиты&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ОЗ&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;ХП&lt;/code&gt;: translate it directly as &quot;Уровни здоровья&quot;, or, if you want, as &quot;Уровни ранений&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using the word &quot;life&quot; (&lt;code&gt;жизнь&lt;/code&gt;) isn't really common, since games that made you lose one of several lives for making a mistake are left in somewhere in the 80s, most games don't use such a concept. I would expect such an expression from a kid (because kids' language is a bit different from adult language, and is a bit stuck in time), or from a mom who is also stuck. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Awesome question, mate, thank you for it. If you need clarifications, ask in comments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2016-12-15T15:59:07.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13684" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-16T17:01:12.327" Score="1" ViewCount="171" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, why do you say &quot;как узнать сказал ли он правду&quot; and not &quot;как знать&quot; although you ask for the general rules of knowing that someone spoke the truth and not just in one certain situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8257" LastActivityDate="2016-12-18T09:36:12.440" Title="When to use the imperfective/perfective aspect after conjunctions?" Tags="&lt;aspect&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13684" CreationDate="2016-12-16T22:17:29.487" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;knowing that someone spoke the truth and not just in one certain situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that you have two verbs here. The verb &quot;сказать&quot; (or &quot;говорить&quot;) shows if you talk of a single instance or of many ones. But the verb &quot;знать&quot; (or &quot;узнать&quot;) is about &lt;em&gt;what exactly you want to know&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mentioning some &quot;general rule&quot; implies that your knowledge should be as much independent on actual situation as possible. So it's only natural to use perfective to show this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But actually in Russian there are very few restrictions on what you can't say. So let's put it this way (shuffling words a little to get rid of secondary meanings):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А мне как знать говорит он правду или нет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sentence uses imperfective &quot;знать&quot; and is perfectly OK. But as you may see it's not about &quot;general rules&quot;. It's rather a rhetorical question which could be transformed into simple &quot;I don't know&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's because imperfective verb &quot;mixes&quot; into all &quot;situations&quot;, so you are not talking about any &quot;positive general knowledge&quot; anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to put it short, the choice of verb is nearly always about semantics, and not about grammar rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2016-12-17T08:36:52.963" LastActivityDate="2016-12-17T08:36:52.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13686" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13684" CreationDate="2016-12-17T08:58:40.670" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you want to say something meaning &lt;code&gt;I don't know&lt;/code&gt; and you don't want to know exactly, if he said the truth, you may say &lt;code&gt;Как знать, сказал ли он правду&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you are interested to know exactly if he said the truth or not, you may say &lt;code&gt;Как узнать, сказал ли он правду&lt;/code&gt;, meaning you need an bunch of steps to detect, did he said the truth and you rather going to perform them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7896" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-18T09:36:12.440" LastActivityDate="2016-12-18T09:36:12.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13687" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13688" CreationDate="2016-12-17T10:45:45.600" Score="8" ViewCount="380" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the sentence: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Моя подруга будет ужинать дома&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;what means &lt;em&gt;дом&lt;/em&gt; to be in genitive? I actually expect it to be in prepositional case with some preposition like &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;, is that wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7330" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-19T00:14:41.957" LastActivityDate="2016-12-19T19:27:01.127" Title="&quot;Ужинать дома&quot; - why in genitive?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13687" CreationDate="2016-12-17T11:37:16.517" Score="12" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Моя подруга будет ужинать дома.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ДОма&lt;/em&gt; (with the stress on the first syllable) in this sentence is not a noun, but an adverb which indicates a place. It corresponds to English &quot;home&quot; (at home).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am at home.I came home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some adverbs were historically formed from other word classes:дома, весной (from nouns), попусту (from adjectives), вдвое (from numeral), etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В доме&lt;/em&gt; would mean &lt;em&gt;inside&lt;/em&gt; the house.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Погода прохладная, чай будем пить в доме, не в саду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some historical background. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Переходом из других частей речи образованы многие наречия. Так, можно отметить наречия, образованные переосмыслением&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— существительных (дома, весной),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— прилагательных (попусту, в открытую),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— деепричастий (сидя, лёжа),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— числительных (вдвое).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Необходимо понимать, что переход слова из одной части речи в другую — процесс исторический. С точки зрения современном состояния языка (с синхронической точки зрения) все эти слова образованы при помощи суффикса или приставки и суффикса, омонимичного окончанию существительного, прилагательного или числительного, а также формообразующему суффиксу деепричастной формы глагола, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;зим-ой ← зима, леж-а ← лежать, по-пуст-у ← пустой,дом-а –дом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-12-19T19:27:01.127" LastActivityDate="2016-12-19T19:27:01.127" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13689" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13695" CreationDate="2016-12-17T14:57:12.260" Score="5" ViewCount="217" Body="&lt;p&gt;What form should I use in this case, the form of Accusative Case or of Genitive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это вовсе не сводит на нет &lt;strong&gt;того факта/тот факт&lt;/strong&gt;, что они&#xA;  преступники&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-18T20:32:27.713" LastActivityDate="2016-12-19T03:35:25.570" Title="&quot;Это вовсе не сводит на нет тот факт&quot; or &quot;того факта&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13689" CreationDate="2016-12-17T16:12:18.037" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The idiom &lt;strong&gt;Сводить на нет&lt;/strong&gt; means *to reduce to zero (nothing) the successful results gained before due to improper actions. &lt;em&gt;Сводить&lt;/em&gt; is a transitive verb which requires the noun in the &lt;strong&gt;accusative&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это вовсе не сводит на нет &lt;strong&gt;тот факт&lt;/strong&gt;, что они преступники&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The noun in the genitive is used after some verbs when the collocation bears a shade of uncertainty&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ждать (каких-то) писем, ждать (какого-то) поезда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if a noun is animate or bears a shade of certainty, then we use the accusative.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;жду одну девушку, жду московский поезд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have a definite факт, not какой‐нибудь. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-12-17T18:32:44.347" LastActivityDate="2016-12-17T18:32:44.347" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13692" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13693" CreationDate="2016-12-18T16:46:46.360" Score="5" ViewCount="265" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the statement &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Завтра нас здесь не будет.&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;&quot;We will not be here tomorrow.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;), why use &lt;em&gt;нас&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;мы&lt;/em&gt;? And why the conjugation is on the third person? I would translate it like &lt;em&gt;&quot;Tomorrow, here will not go to us&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8259" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-18T20:31:14.967" LastActivityDate="2016-12-29T17:00:49.610" Title="&quot;Завтра нас здесь не будет&quot; - why &quot;нас&quot;, not &quot;we&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13693" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13692" CreationDate="2016-12-18T17:14:56.977" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нас здесь не будет&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;нас здесь нет&lt;/strong&gt; transposed, as a chunk, into the future tense. &lt;strong&gt;Нет&lt;/strong&gt; is immutably impersonal, and the so-called negative genitive is a phenomenon you might encounter elsewhere in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-12-18T17:14:56.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13692" CreationDate="2016-12-18T18:27:27.827" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most literal English translation of &lt;em&gt;&quot;&lt;code&gt;Завтра нас здесь не будет&lt;/code&gt;&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;&quot;&lt;code&gt;There will be no us here tomorrow&lt;/code&gt;&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. In English such construction looks pretty weird, but in Russian the opposite is true: &lt;em&gt;&quot;Завтра нас здесь не будет&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is the natural way to say it, while the literal translation &lt;em&gt;&quot;Завтра мы здесь не будем&quot;&lt;/em&gt; sounds awkward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastActivityDate="2016-12-18T18:27:27.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13695" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13689" CreationDate="2016-12-18T21:43:52.853" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Both&lt;/em&gt; forms are possible here. The transitiveness of a verb doesn't mean it can never be used in genitive case (an obvious example: 'он этого факта не знает'). Depending on context, genitive (after a verb with negation) can even be preferable to accusative if otherwise it might be not completely clear, which noun or pronoun is in nominative case and which one is in the accusative at that. For example, the previous sentence gives another fact, opposed to the fact (next sentence) that some people 'are criminals':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эти двое спасли полицейскому жизнь. Это вовсе не сводит на нет тот&#xA;  факт, что они преступники.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case (1) the pronoun &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; is understood as being in accusative, the second sentence might mean the speaker &lt;em&gt;emphasizes&lt;/em&gt; the first fact, which can't be completely beaten by the known second 'fact' (calls for mercy). In case (2) the noun &lt;strong&gt;факт&lt;/strong&gt; is perceived as being in accusative, then the speaker just &lt;em&gt;reminds&lt;/em&gt;: despite the first fact, they are still criminals. So, to make the first version clearer, the pronoun can be used in genitive:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Этого&lt;/strong&gt; вовсе не сводит на нет тот факт, что они преступники.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And vice versa - with different meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это вовсе не сводит на нет &lt;strong&gt;того факта&lt;/strong&gt;, что они преступники.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Style wise (to avoid double negation) it is possible to replace &lt;strong&gt;не сводит на нет&lt;/strong&gt; with the more simple &lt;strong&gt;не отменяет&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2016-12-18T21:43:52.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13689" CreationDate="2016-12-19T03:35:25.570" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just some rules from new.gramota.ru.&#xA;Какой падеж нужен при отрицании?&#xA;Существительное, относящееся к глаголу с отрицанием, может иметь форму родительного или винительного падежа, например: &lt;em&gt;не прочитал этой статьи – не прочитал эту статью&lt;/em&gt;. Трудность заключается в том, что в одних случаях тот или иной падеж является предпочтительным, а в других существует равная возможность употребления как родительного, так и винительного падежа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда нужен &lt;strong&gt;родительный&lt;/strong&gt; падеж?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При сочетании с глаголом &lt;strong&gt;не иметь&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не имеет права, значения, смысла, намерения, понятия, влияния; не имеет дома, денег, машины, брата, друга, сведений.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При наличии слов &lt;strong&gt;никакой, ничей, ни один&lt;/strong&gt;:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не взял на себя никакой ответственности, не потерял ни одного грамма, не прочитал ни одной статьи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При &lt;strong&gt;глаголах восприятия, мысли&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не понял вопроса, не знал урока, не чувствовал боли, не заметил ошибки, не видел дорожного знака.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если существительное имеет &lt;strong&gt;отвлеченное значение&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не теряет времени, не испытывает желания, не скрывает радости.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если в качестве зависимого слова используется &lt;strong&gt;местоимение&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не допущу этого; не делайте того.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если перед глаголом или непосредственно перед именем есть &lt;strong&gt;усилительные частицы&lt;/strong&gt; и, даже: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отправлялись за покупками втроем, но Любе и слова сказать не удавалось, старики сами все выбирали (Кетл.); Руки дрожат и не держат даже плошки с лекарством - не удержать им и книги (Сарт.); На тротуарах тесно, но никто вас не толкнет, никто ни с кем не ссорится, не услышишь даже громкого слова (газ.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При наличии &lt;strong&gt;повторяющегося союза ни... ни&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не читает ни книг, ни газет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В некоторых &lt;strong&gt;устойчивых сочетаниях&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не играет роли, не производит впечатления, не обращает внимания, не уделяет внимания, не приносит ущерба, не придает значения, не вызывает сомнения, не принимает участия  и т. д. А также: не говоря (не сказав) худого слова; не сводить глаз с кого-чего-л.; не находить себе места; плетью обуха не перешибешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда нужен &lt;strong&gt;винительный&lt;/strong&gt; падеж?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если &lt;strong&gt;отрицание не стоит не при глаголе&lt;/strong&gt;, а при другом слове: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не очень люблю стихи, не всегда читает книги, не вполне усвоил предмет (ср.: люблю стихи, но не очень; читает книги, но не всегда; усвоил предмет, но не вполне).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если при глаголе кроме данного существительного должно быть &lt;strong&gt;еще одно зависимое существительное или прилагательное&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;он не считает книгу интересной; не прочитал статью за вечер; не обеспечили регион электроэнергией; Разве вы не считаете эту практику полезной?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если существительное относится &lt;strong&gt;к инфинитиву, отделенному от глагола с отрицанием другим инфинитивом&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;он не хочет начинать писать мемуары (ср. он не хочет писать мемуаров и мемуары).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При наличии в предложении местоимений, указывающих на &lt;strong&gt;определенность&lt;/strong&gt; объекта: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эту песню не задушишь, не убьешь; он не решил эту задачу (ср.: он не решал задач); Ростов, не желая навязывать свое знакомство, не пошел в дом (Л. Толст.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При наличии после существительного &lt;strong&gt;придаточного предложения со словом который&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он не прочитал книгу, которую я ему дал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При &lt;strong&gt;одушевленном существительном или при имени собственном&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Со времени моего кондукторства я не люблю Лесную улицу (Пауст.); Но Суровцев уже понимал, что уйти, не повидав Веру, не в силах (Чак.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если отрицание входит в состав частицы &lt;strong&gt;едва не, чуть не, чуть-чуть не&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Едва не уронил стакан; Чуть не пропустил трамвай; Чуть было не потерял билет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В &lt;strong&gt;собственно отрицательных предложениях&lt;/strong&gt; типа Некому показать работу; негде опубликовать статью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В некоторых &lt;strong&gt;устойчивых сочетаниях&lt;/strong&gt;: Не морочь мне голову; Не скаль зубы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В остальных случаях существительные в описываемых конструкциях обычно можно использовать в форме и родительного падежа, и винительного падежа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2016-12-19T03:35:25.570" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13697" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13698" CreationDate="2016-12-20T05:09:28.343" Score="9" ViewCount="4098" Body="&lt;p&gt;There may be two forms of the word, the mythical creature and the Internet &quot;troll&quot; who spreads anger and discord through anonymous online forums.  I am interested in the second form of the word, though the first form might be interesting, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8273" LastEditorUserId="8273" LastEditDate="2016-12-20T17:35:36.827" LastActivityDate="2016-12-20T17:35:36.827" Title="What is the word for &quot;troll&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13698" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13697" CreationDate="2016-12-20T05:54:09.120" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word is borrowed directly from English and it's actually &quot;тролль&quot; or &quot;троль&quot; (pronounced almost like English &lt;code&gt;trol&lt;/code&gt; but l is softer). It's quite common word in Internet slang and there is also a verb derived from it - &lt;code&gt;троллить&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;code&gt;жирный тролль&lt;/code&gt; (zh&lt;strong&gt;i&lt;/strong&gt;rnyj trol`, literally a fat troll) - about somebody who is, well, let's put it this way, a dedicated, passionate troll.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of palatalization (the way final &quot;l&quot; is pronounced softer) it's not easy to pronounce for someone who is a native speaker of a language where there's no such thing. But you can try to pronounce &lt;code&gt;trollee&lt;/code&gt; and than try to pronounce &lt;code&gt;ee&lt;/code&gt; very quickly, as quickly as possible. And then even shorter :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A sidenote - &quot;original&quot; troll is also &lt;code&gt;тролль&lt;/code&gt; in Russian (since its a Scandinavian word both in Russian and English) but actually there's a theory that English trolling was initially based on the concept of trolling - a fishing technique, and only later this word became associated with mythological creature. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thomasvan.com/random-philosophy/internet-slang-where-did-the-word-troll-come-from&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;More&lt;/a&gt; about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-20T06:08:12.190" LastActivityDate="2016-12-20T06:08:12.190" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13699" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-20T14:35:31.133" Score="3" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen expressions for living one's life expressed with the accusative: &lt;strong&gt;Она жила &lt;em&gt;спокойную жизнь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, as well as with the instrumental: &lt;strong&gt;Пока другие люди &lt;em&gt;жили своей жизнью&lt;/em&gt;...&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference between these two usages or are they completely interchangeable? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2017-01-07T20:33:13.790" Title="Expressions for living one's life" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13699" CreationDate="2016-12-20T14:44:27.120" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;*&lt;code&gt;Она жила спокойную жизнь&lt;/code&gt; is wrong, in my opinion.  Instrumental case is needed here. You can, however, say &lt;code&gt;она&lt;/code&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;прожила&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;спокойную жизнь&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2016-12-20T14:44:27.120" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13701" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13717" CreationDate="2016-12-20T19:22:10.943" Score="4" ViewCount="349" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the phrase:&#xA; - &quot;Где ты была?&quot;&#xA; - &quot;Я ходила на почту &quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why &lt;code&gt;ходила&lt;/code&gt; is used instead of &lt;code&gt;ездила&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8259" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-20T21:32:52.727" LastActivityDate="2016-12-30T20:35:31.020" Title="Why &quot;ходила&quot; and not &quot;ездила&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13702" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13703" CreationDate="2016-12-22T09:54:26.540" Score="7" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've asked a friend of mine, which is Russian, why they were saying on the news &lt;code&gt;выдвигаться в президенты&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;выдвигаться в президентов&lt;/code&gt;, and he told me it is an exception, of an old case that he couldn't remember at the occasion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since then, I've tried to find everywhere what it could be, to no avail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would anyone please explain to me what rules are involved in that sentence and why does it make sense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5786" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-12-22T10:00:25.880" LastActivityDate="2016-12-22T10:12:36.260" Title="What old rare case or rule is used in the sentence &quot;выдвигаться в президенты&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13702" CreationDate="2016-12-22T10:06:51.333" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is one of the so called &lt;em&gt;lesser cases&lt;/em&gt; in Russian.  This case has many names: второй винительный (second accusative), включительный (inclusive), превратительный (translative), собирательный. From &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rusgram.ru&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Второй винительный падеж (другие названия – включительный,&#xA;  превратительный, собирательный) встречается после предлога &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; при&#xA;  небольшом количестве глаголов, и его окончания совпадают с окончаниями&#xA;  именительного падежа множественного числа (другая трактовка –&#xA;  колебания в одушевлённости): [&lt;code&gt;пойти&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;записаться&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;выбиться&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;готовиться&lt;/code&gt;,&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;проситься&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;метить&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;принять&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;выбрать&lt;/code&gt; и т.д. &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt;] &lt;code&gt;солдаты&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;летчики&lt;/code&gt;,&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;генералы&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;начальники&lt;/code&gt;. За этой формой признаются наименьшие права на&#xA;  статус особого падежа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is used after the preposition &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; when somebody receives or seeks some new post or rank: постричься в монахи, баллотироваться в президенты etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2016-12-22T10:12:36.260" LastActivityDate="2016-12-22T10:12:36.260" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13704" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-22T16:53:41.573" Score="-1" ViewCount="138" Body="&lt;p&gt;can anyone tell what word is on the tank on the picture?&#xA;its on an old Soviet gas cylinder, probably has to do with welding or cutting&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QX4q6.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QX4q6.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8285" LastActivityDate="2016-12-22T19:43:10.060" Title="identify a word on a gas cylinder" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2016-12-22T21:12:47.877" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13704" CreationDate="2016-12-22T17:11:22.927" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's hard to tell based on what is left from the letters, but possibly &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; may be of help - it is a standard of marking gas tanks based on the type of gas inside. Though it is marked as 2003 document, but it actually the same as the one approved in 1970.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looks like this is a yellow text on black background, so it could be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Азот&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Углекислота&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'Other non-flammable gas' (e.g. Неон)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of these three the УГЛЕКИСЛОТА (CO2) is long enough, but I'm not sure if it is really it. If it is so, then we likely see the ЛЕКИС part of УГЛЕКИСЛОТА.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Углекислота (Carbon Dioxide) is used in welding to protect hot metal from contact with oxygen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below is a picture of CO2 tanks with hand-made УГЛЕКИСЛОТА inscription.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dRMRj.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dRMRj.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;CO2 tank&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-12-22T19:43:10.060" LastActivityDate="2016-12-22T19:43:10.060" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13706" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-22T22:14:24.383" Score="4" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule given here is that the accusative case is used for animate/inanimate objects. If animate that means using the genitive case, if the sentence is positive, right? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;(Masculine)  я вижу кота &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;(Feminine)  я вижу кошки  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what about the negative? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;(Masculine)  я не вижу кота&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;(Feminine)  я не вижу кошку &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that feminine nouns of animate objects in the accusative do not change to the genitive, or as in inanimate objects you have a choice.  Is this true?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8289" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-12-23T07:52:57.470" LastActivityDate="2017-06-19T18:57:00.777" Title="Negation of feminine nouns in the accusative case" Tags="&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13707" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2016-12-22T22:25:40.860" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-12-22T22:25:40.860" LastActivityDate="2016-12-22T22:25:40.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13708" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2016-12-22T22:25:40.860" Score="0" Body="Questions related to the negation." OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2016-12-22T22:25:40.860" LastActivityDate="2016-12-22T22:25:40.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13706" CreationDate="2016-12-22T22:36:25.057" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well your assumption is slightly wrong. Correct feminine form of &lt;code&gt;я вижу кота&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;я вижу кошку&lt;/code&gt;, so it it exactly like for negation &lt;code&gt;я не вижу кота&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;я не вижу кошку&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, it is the other way around, it's the form &lt;code&gt;я не вижу кошку&lt;/code&gt; has an alternative form &lt;code&gt;я не вижу кошки&lt;/code&gt;. So what you have notice is indeed something that exists. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know it's not that simple, it's not about feminine nouns, there are actually &lt;em&gt;some set&lt;/em&gt; of rules when one should use accusative or genitive with some set of &lt;em&gt;verbs in negative&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a quote (and actually you can find &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/67-otr&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;there&lt;/a&gt; a big, yet not full, set of rules I've mentioned):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Трудность заключается в том, что в одних случаях тот или иной падеж&#xA;  является предпочтительным, а в других существует равная возможность&#xA;  употребления как родительного, так и винительного падежа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what you have noticed is exactly about some words that can be used in both cases. It's hard to me to provide a complete list of such words (or rules by which they are generated) but as of counter-example for your hypothesis: (non-feminine and non-animate) &lt;code&gt;я не нашёл здание&lt;/code&gt; /&lt;code&gt;не нашёл здания&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some other counter-examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вчерашнего дня не воротишь / вчерашний день не воротишь.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не учуял запах газа / не учуял запаха газа. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though indeed good point, I guess this should be investigated.&#xA;Here are even &lt;a href=&quot;http://rosental-book.ru/styli_xlv.html#sect201&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;more&lt;/a&gt; rules about this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-19T18:57:00.777" LastActivityDate="2017-06-19T18:57:00.777" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13710" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13712" CreationDate="2016-12-23T08:08:50.693" Score="7" ViewCount="188" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я понимаю, что в устной речи так не говорят и, более того, так, наверное, не пишут.&#xA;Но верно ли это с грамматической точки зрения, и не противоречит ли каким-то правилам. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Также интересует вариант &quot;Я не прыгал не в доме&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4323" LastEditorUserId="7896" LastEditDate="2016-12-25T19:07:22.623" LastActivityDate="2016-12-25T19:07:22.623" Title="Can I say &quot;я не в доме не прыгал&quot; meaning &quot;за пределами дома я не прыгал&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13706" CreationDate="2016-12-23T09:33:56.390" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unlikely that rule works: if animate, it doesn't necessarily mean using the genitive (or vice versa). In your examples with the affirmative it's always accusative, while &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; cases are possible with negations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не вижу здесь никакого кота (никакой кошки) - нет здесь котов&#xA;  (кошек)!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(strictly genitive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я сейчас не вижу своего кота (свою кошку, fem.): его (её) заслоняет&#xA;  монитор.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(preferably accusative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не вижу своего кота (своей кошки): куда-то убежал(а).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(preferably genitive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, sometimes only context helps to tell genitive (кота) from accusative (кота). You only need to choose between cases with feminine in the examples above. I wouldn't dare to define any general rule, but with those examples, genitive tends to be used with objects which are considered &lt;em&gt;absent&lt;/em&gt; (from the fact they are not seen).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for animate/inanimate objects, there is a difference in accusative case endings for plural (which usually coincide with those in the nominative for inanimate objects), while both accusative/genitive are still possible in sentences with negation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы не кормите своих кошек?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(strictly accusative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы терпеть не можете кошек?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(more likely, genitive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы не будете есть огурцы?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(preferably accusative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы никогда не ели огурцов?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(preferably genitive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another tendency can be noticed from the latter group of examples: &lt;em&gt;genitive&lt;/em&gt; is more likely to be used with '&lt;em&gt;abstractly&lt;/em&gt;' mentioned objects, which are out of focus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2016-12-23T09:41:26.543" LastActivityDate="2016-12-23T09:41:26.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13710" CreationDate="2016-12-23T11:06:24.047" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Совершенно нормальное предложение с двойным отрицанием (double negation), обычно характерное для детской речи,когда ребенку требуется подчеркнуть важность какого-то слова.Both fronting and emphasis are used.The meaning is usually positive and opposite because it's one of thosr cases when &quot;negative &quot;+&quot;negative &quot;gives &quot;plus&quot;(giving the affirmative sense). That said, your sentence means &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не в доме не прыгал = Я прыгал только в доме.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adults also use it sometimes &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не мог не посмотреть (значит посмотрел), не смог не взять (значит взял).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-12-23T12:52:43.657" LastActivityDate="2016-12-23T12:52:43.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13713" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13714" CreationDate="2016-12-23T15:43:45.817" Score="10" ViewCount="251" Body="&lt;p&gt;When would you use one over the other—in what cases? I've looked at dictionary entries but I don't see, or feel any difference, but there must be one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://translate.academic.ru/%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%20%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC/ru/en/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;See Link for reference&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2016-12-23T18:00:53.170" LastActivityDate="2016-12-25T04:23:03.393" Title="Difference between &quot;куда там&quot; and &quot;где там&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13714" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13713" CreationDate="2016-12-23T21:52:09.693" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If they are used as standalone interjections (&lt;em&gt;где там!, куда там!, какое там!&lt;/em&gt;), I can't say I see any difference either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The interjections, though, have evolved from rhetorical questions using these constructs. If you are using them as a part of those questions, they should agree with the rest of the sentence, of course, so you can't just swap those freely:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;― Какое там равенство шансов! ― воскликнул он. ― Мало того, что она ушла сама.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Но отменено, потому что где там шведам теперь нападать, когда Каролус в могиле, а со Швецией трактамен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Куда там каким-нибудь масонам ― об этих понемногу всё стало известно, вплоть до деталей тайных ритуалов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2016-12-23T21:52:09.693" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13715" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13716" CreationDate="2016-12-24T03:41:45.270" Score="10" ViewCount="541" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Парень&lt;/strong&gt; is a word I'm comfortable using in Russian because I liken it to our &lt;em&gt;guy&lt;/em&gt; in all its nuances. However, although I see and hear &lt;strong&gt;мужик&lt;/strong&gt; all the time, I'm hesitant to use it because it seems that I've only ever heard it in negative contexts, e.g. about deadbeat boyfriends or fuckwit husbands or generally with a disparaging air like &lt;em&gt;some guy at the bar pushed me and I spilled my beer&lt;/em&gt; (=some fucker); or &lt;em&gt;She walked in with this guy with a porn mustache and an unfortunate laugh&lt;/em&gt;... I think you get the picture! Is this my imagination, or is it closer to &lt;strong&gt;парень&lt;/strong&gt; than I think?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-24T06:50:56.187" LastActivityDate="2018-11-26T20:18:22.157" Title="Nuances of &quot;мужик&quot; versus &quot;парень&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13715" CreationDate="2016-12-24T05:38:02.833" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's almost like in Zootopia, remember, one bunny can call another bunny cute ) The same about &lt;code&gt;мужик&lt;/code&gt; it's very informal and may be perceived (and intended to be such) as rude if a man is addressed by a person who is not a close acquaintance or is higher in rank (social, job, military, whatever). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But no, &lt;code&gt;мужик&lt;/code&gt; is definitely not used only in negative contexts. Say you are trying to move some heavy objects from your backyard. Saying to your friends something like &quot;навалимся, мужики&quot; will sound very friendly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or consider the rather common phrase - which is also used ironically, though - &quot;ну ты мужик&quot; (something like &quot;you are quite a man&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &quot;парень&quot; - this also can sound rude if it's intended to sound rude (&quot;эй, парень!&quot;) - in Russian language actually even &quot;большое спасибо&quot; can sound rude if pronounced with certain intonations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But generally it just refers to young men. For instance, a sports commentator can say something like: &quot;Парни на воллейбольной площадке выложились сегодня по полной!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to summarize: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Парень - a young man, dude, lad, mate, guy; used quite widely.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мужик - either rude  (when addressing somebody) or quite friendly informal word used in a close group of friends. Sort of something between &quot;nigga&quot; and &quot;bro.&quot; Used relatively rarely.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2018-11-26T20:18:22.157" LastActivityDate="2018-11-26T20:18:22.157" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13701" CreationDate="2016-12-24T14:28:13.403" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;We sometimes use the verb &lt;strong&gt;ходить&lt;/strong&gt; in a broad sense of &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt;.Consider it not like a movement (on foot),unless the post office is not very far, but more like an event. We say &lt;strong&gt;ходила&lt;/strong&gt; even if we used means of transport. We also use other words in the same sense (бегать,slang &lt;em&gt;мотаться&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt;слетать&lt;/em&gt;), all of them meaning &lt;strong&gt;to quickly go and come back&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Где ты была?– Да на почту ходила/бегала/моталась/слетала.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't mean you actually &lt;strong&gt;ran&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;flew&lt;/strong&gt; somewhere, you just visited the place. But it is also correct to use &lt;em&gt;ездила&lt;/em&gt;, if you want to mention the means of transport. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-12-24T14:34:10.280" LastActivityDate="2016-12-24T14:34:10.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13713" CreationDate="2016-12-25T03:13:49.500" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I understand, there is difference only in where - &lt;code&gt;где&lt;/code&gt; and where to - &lt;code&gt;куда&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Look at this phrases like at the questions: &#xA;Какое там равенство шансов! - What is the equality of chances?&#xA;где там шведам теперь нападать - literally &lt;strong&gt;where&lt;/strong&gt; Sweden can attack now?&#xA;and&#xA;Куда там каким-нибудь масонам? - &lt;strong&gt;where&lt;/strong&gt; are the [to be ?] some masons &lt;strong&gt;to&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, there is, difference is very subtle. You can say: &#xA;куда там шведам теперь нападать.But &quot;где там каким-нибудь масонам&quot;... Of course you can say so, and I'm already don't see the difference between Куда там and Где там.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just look at these like at the questions and that's all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8300" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-25T04:23:03.393" LastActivityDate="2016-12-25T04:23:03.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1756" CreationDate="2016-12-26T02:00:03.723" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;What about Я рад if a man says it, but if a woman says it, it's Я рада. In English, there's no spelling or pronouncing differences but this is what I was wondering about. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8301" LastActivityDate="2016-12-26T02:00:03.723" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13724" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13725" CreationDate="2016-12-27T03:53:12.780" Score="4" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; that &lt;code&gt;иначе&lt;/code&gt; could have stress on the first or second syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Which pronunciation is more common in your experience?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why does such a common word not have a standard pronunciation like most others?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-12-27T23:30:46.327" Title="Pronunciation/etymology of иначе" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13724" CreationDate="2016-12-27T05:32:03.380" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Which pronunciation is more common in your experience?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ина́че is more common in speech though both variants are equal in terms of orthoepy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why does such a common word not have a standard pronunciation like most others?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually in Russian quite a few words may have different stresses. In this particular case, I guess, the form &quot;и́наче&quot; was due to Church Slavonic influence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-12-27T05:32:03.380" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13726" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-27T14:56:08.493" Score="9" ViewCount="348" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I look in dictionaries, they give me &lt;em&gt;driveway&lt;/em&gt;, but then the following sentences don't really make sense. It sounds more like a part of a building (complex):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы живем в одном &lt;strong&gt;подъезде&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Моя квартира -- в четвертом &lt;strong&gt;подъезде&lt;/strong&gt; на третьем этаже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она работает консьержкой в нашем &lt;strong&gt;подъезде&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она убирает в нашем &lt;strong&gt;подъезде&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-12-28T15:55:11.013" LastActivityDate="2016-12-28T15:55:11.013" Title="Meaning of &quot;подъезд&quot;" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13726" CreationDate="2016-12-27T15:13:32.497" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Its &quot;communal entrance hallway&quot; or &quot;entrance of an apartment building&quot;.&#xA;Other synonym is &quot;парадное&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One building can have multiple entrances which lead to a different parts of a building.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы живем в одном подъезде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;We use common entrance to the apartment building&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Моя квартира -- в четвертом подъезде на третьем этаже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;My apartments are in the 4th entrance, on the third floor&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она работает консьержкой в нашем подъезде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;She is a doorkeeper of the entrance we use&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она убирает в нашем подъезде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;She cleans the entrance (and staircase, and other commonly used indoor spaces - hallway, corridors, elevators) we use&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last example illustrates the idea of подъезд as a &quot;section of an apartment building that uses single entrance&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Driveway is also correct, but &quot;entrance&quot; is more commonly used in cities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-12-28T12:26:29.263" LastActivityDate="2016-12-28T12:26:29.263" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13726" CreationDate="2016-12-27T15:13:46.600" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Подъезд&lt;/code&gt; - is a (multilevel) block of appartments with a common entrance.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Another meaning &lt;em&gt;driveway&lt;/em&gt; is also correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-12-27T15:13:46.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13726" CreationDate="2016-12-27T15:51:14.577" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;As an addition to @Artemix' answer, here's a picture of what a &lt;em&gt;подъезд&lt;/em&gt; looks like. Usually buildings have several of them, they are counted from left to right, so the leftmost arrow points to the &lt;em&gt;первый подъезд&lt;/em&gt;, the next one is &lt;em&gt;второй подъезд&lt;/em&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Jv2Fh.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Jv2Fh.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2016-12-27T15:51:14.577" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13706" CreationDate="2016-12-27T21:40:16.267" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe it's not about animated/inanimated or feminine. It's just about ending of the word.&#xA;Totally doesn't matter if one is animated or inanimated if it ends with &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt;, like &lt;code&gt;река&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;палка&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;But definitely it's more common for Russian language that any word ending with &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; have feminine semantic. But not every word.&#xA;You can take for instance word &lt;code&gt;братишка&lt;/code&gt; - which means little brother (masculine, animated) and it will &lt;em&gt;behave&lt;/em&gt; exactly like word &lt;code&gt;кошка&lt;/code&gt; - the correct examples already presented to you above: &lt;code&gt;братишки&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;братишку&lt;/code&gt; - both are correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7334" LastEditorUserId="7334" LastEditDate="2017-01-02T14:11:21.147" LastActivityDate="2017-01-02T14:11:21.147" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13731" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13724" CreationDate="2016-12-27T22:47:43.540" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the etymology, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fasmer maintains that &lt;em&gt;иначе&lt;/em&gt; is the comparative form of the Old Slavonic &lt;em&gt;инáкъ&lt;/em&gt; (инакий, иной — different, other). The morphology may be the same as in the pairs &lt;em&gt;яркий &gt; ярче&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;громкий &gt; громче&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;мелкий &gt; мельче&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2016-12-27T23:13:04.973" LastActivityDate="2016-12-27T23:13:04.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13724" CreationDate="2016-12-27T23:30:46.327" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the pronunciation.&#xA;You may find the following excerpt interesting:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ваше имя в платочки рассоплено,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;ваше слово слюнявит Собинов,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;и выводит под берёзкой дохлой —&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;Ни слова, о дру-уг мой, ни вздо-о-о-о-ха&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Эх, поговорить бы &lt;strong&gt;и́наче&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;с этим самым с Леонидом Лоэнгринычем!  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В.Маяковский. &quot;Сергею Есенину&quot;, 1926&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder whether stressing the first syllable used to be the standard pronunciation and we are witnessing it drawing its last breath today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2016-12-27T23:30:46.327" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13706" CreationDate="2016-12-28T07:31:11.413" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe it's easier to illustrate these differences by examples from English. Actually it's much like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Accusative: Я не вижу кошку --&gt; I don't see (a / the) cat&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Genitive: Я не вижу кошки --&gt; I see no cat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's not about animate/inanimate nouns at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2016-12-28T07:31:11.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13734" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13738" CreationDate="2016-12-28T20:16:50.917" Score="10" ViewCount="596" Body="&lt;p&gt;Очень часто наблюдаю во всевозможных источниках, что люди почему-то путают понятия &lt;code&gt;число&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;цифра&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;3 млрд. - очень большая &lt;strong&gt;цифра&lt;/strong&gt; для ...  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Хотелось бы озвучить &lt;strong&gt;цифру&lt;/strong&gt;...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;И дальше называют &lt;strong&gt;число&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Этот кошмар можно услышать почти каждый день в новостях даже на федеральных каналах.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако люди не путают понятия, которые соотносятся приблизительно так же, например: &lt;code&gt;слово&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;буква&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос: почему именно &lt;code&gt;число&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;цифра&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Есть ли какие-либо объективные причины / исторические предпосылки / иное?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я было предположил, что это из-за того, что есть аж 10 чисел, которые выражаются одной цифрой. Однако и однобуквенные слова тоже есть.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-12-29T16:28:39.900" Title="Почему люди путают цифры и числа?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;словоупотребление&gt;&lt;словоприменение&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13735" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13736" CreationDate="2016-12-28T20:26:40.570" Score="9" ViewCount="251" Body="&lt;p&gt;On Duolingo, I was asked to construct the sentence, &quot;Dad always has questions.&quot; The correct answer was &quot;У папы всегда есть вопросы.&quot; I got it wrong since I left out есть but I was wondering if this would be wrong 100% of the time or not. Like let's say I'm annoyed that he's always asking questions. Or... if there's any other way to construct that same sentence. It's said that Russian has less structure than other languages overall, but thus far Duolingo's sentences are pretty structured. Any advice/examples on flexibility to feed my curiosity? Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8310" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-28T22:06:07.313" LastActivityDate="2017-01-03T23:28:35.320" Title="&quot;У папы есть вопросы&quot; or &quot;у папы вопросы&quot;?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13735" CreationDate="2016-12-28T22:05:25.017" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the majority of cases it's actually not wrong to omit word &quot;есть&quot; and your particular example it is indeed completely acceptable to say just &quot;У папы всегда вопросы&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian whenever you can use &quot;есть&quot; (in sense to have) / &quot;имеется&quot;  + noun you can omit this verb for affirmation. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;У меня есть билет на концерт&lt;/code&gt;  / &lt;code&gt;у меня билет на концерт&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Там есть еда&lt;/code&gt; /  &lt;code&gt;там еда&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's getting more complicated for questions: &lt;code&gt;Там еда?&lt;/code&gt; is acceptable but &lt;code&gt;есть там еда?&lt;/code&gt; is used more often. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if affirmative sentence starts with &lt;code&gt;есть&lt;/code&gt; it can not be omitted. One can not just say &lt;code&gt;что выпить?&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;есть что выпить?&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is intentionally simplified, there are some constructions that de-facto are used more often with &lt;code&gt;есть&lt;/code&gt; than without it, but I believe this is enough for understanding basic usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also it worth to mention that sometimes this &lt;code&gt;есть&lt;/code&gt; is used for emotional amplification, some in some context &lt;code&gt;у меня вопрос&lt;/code&gt; can sound like &lt;code&gt;I have a question&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;у меня есть вопрос&lt;/code&gt; is something like &lt;code&gt;I do have a question&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2016-12-28T22:05:25.017" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13734" CreationDate="2016-12-28T22:20:30.130" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Короткий ответ&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Люди в обиходной речи  часто путают/смешивают понятия, которые близко связаны. Если такой точности достаточно в контексте той информации, в которой она используется - то по факту словоупотребления остаётся лишь констатировать тот факт что да, эти понятия путают.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Развёрнутый ответ&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Я думаю смысла объяснять, почему путают понятия числа и цифры нет. Поставьте мысленный эксперимент - от вас зависит судьбы человечества, на нас летят инопланетяне - а так вышло, что только вот именно вы сейчас возле Самой Главной Пушки. И вот вам звонит их центра кто-то и говорит &quot;Сейчас я вам продиктую координаты главного крейсера противника. Записывайте цифры!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я сомневаюсь, что вы положите трубку, потому что ясный же пень, что имеются-то ввиду числа. А почему вы не положите трубку? А потому что вам из контекста ясно, что имеется ввиду. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В целом для обывательского словоупотребления (и я не произношу в слово &lt;code&gt;обывательский&lt;/code&gt; с какой-то презрительной ухмылкой) не такое уж редкое явление неправильное словоупотребление.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мой любимый пример - слово &lt;code&gt;плечо&lt;/code&gt;. В анатомическом смысле &lt;code&gt;плечо&lt;/code&gt; - это вот эта вот часть руки (рисунок &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BE_(%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;отсюда&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eKQ9i.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eKQ9i.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Та же часть, которую называют плечом в обиходной речи - это часть &quot;настоящего&quot; плеча и даже надплечья.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тот факт, что мы живём в мире, где есть вопиюще неточные статьи вроде &quot;Пуля попала ему в плечо&quot;, &quot;как накачать мышцы плеч&quot; - живём и как-то не цивилизация не гибнет - свидетельство того, что нужно проще относится к таким вещам. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-29T00:33:49.800" LastActivityDate="2016-12-29T00:33:49.800" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13734" CreationDate="2016-12-29T06:26:40.127" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Тут дело не в неграмотности населения, а в многозначности слова,точнее в расширении значения в языке. Посмотрите в словарь.&#xA;Значение слова &lt;strong&gt;Цифра&lt;/strong&gt; по Ефремовой:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Цифра - 1. Знак для обозначения числа. &#xA;  2. разг. &lt;strong&gt;Сумма, число&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Значение слова &lt;strong&gt;Цифра&lt;/strong&gt; по Ожегову:&#xA;Цифра - &lt;strong&gt;Показатель, расчет чего-нибудь, выраженный в числах&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Цифра Знак, обозначающий число &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возможно, переносить второе значение в письменную речь рановато, но, видимо, тенденция уже налицо, поскольку зафиксирована даже в словаре.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-12-29T06:41:37.530" LastActivityDate="2016-12-29T06:41:37.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13715" CreationDate="2016-12-29T15:02:13.387" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both could be used to describe a third person: &lt;em&gt;У дверей стоял хорошо одетый парень. К нам подошел здоровенный мужик.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is assumed maturity &lt;em&gt;парень&lt;/em&gt; has a side meaning of being young.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both are acceptable when addressing multiple persons directly: &lt;em&gt;Мужики/Парни, что здесь случилось?&lt;/em&gt; Both are acceptable when addressing friend(s). When addressing an unknown person both have carry some rude intonations but &lt;em&gt;мужик&lt;/em&gt; is softer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all cases of direct addressing &lt;em&gt;мужик&lt;/em&gt; is way more popular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5622" LastActivityDate="2016-12-29T15:02:13.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13740" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13692" CreationDate="2016-12-29T15:06:42.907" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Завтра нас здесь не будет&lt;/em&gt; - passive expression not highlighting the mean of leaving&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Завтра мы уедем отсюда&lt;/em&gt; - active equivalent with &lt;em&gt;мы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5622" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2016-12-29T17:00:49.610" LastActivityDate="2016-12-29T17:00:49.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13741" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13734" CreationDate="2016-12-29T15:13:43.233" Score="5" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется, у обиходно употребляемого так слова &quot;цифра&quot; смысл более узкий, чем у слова &quot;число&quot;. Оно означает &quot;число, имеющее некую материальную значимость или важность&quot;. Вряд ли при каком угодно градусе разговорности доведется услышать, что &quot;цифра 13 несчастливая&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;У слова &quot;число&quot; в той же обиходной речи настолько преобладает значение &quot;день месяца&quot;, что &quot;правильное&quot; употребление даже немного сбивает с толку: &quot;число? при чем тут календарь? а, в смысле &lt;em&gt;цифра&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-12-29T15:13:43.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13734" CreationDate="2016-12-29T16:22:56.987" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;В статистике, цифра - статистический показатель. Так что, первый пример верен. Цифра в статистике - это не обязательно, количество. Это может быть, например, процент, доля, соотношение, корреляция, прирост, долг и т.д. Может быть и количество, и число.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Число же - это количество физических единиц. Это даже более узко, чем количество. Может быть количество денег, но не может быть числа денег (а вот число грузовиков может быть). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Может быть цифра долга, но не может быть количества долга и числа долга.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Может быть цифра денег на счету (усреднённая или на конец года), может быть количество денег на счету, но не может быть числа денег на счету.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2016-12-29T16:28:39.900" LastActivityDate="2016-12-29T16:28:39.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13743" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13744" CreationDate="2016-12-29T21:15:25.170" Score="4" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is it called so? Дембель is a soldier that ends his service soon. Why аккорд?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looks like it is some kind of an action before service ends. Does any action qualifies for the &quot;chord&quot;? Does it imply some kind of joke? (E.g. painting horses into zebras or something like that, which is found out after that person(s) leave the army).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-29T23:05:59.030" LastActivityDate="2016-12-29T23:05:59.030" Title="What is &quot;дембельский аккорд&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13743" CreationDate="2016-12-29T21:21:34.923" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ruwiki/473385/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Аккордная работа&lt;/a&gt; — разовая работа, оплачиваемая по её полному выполнению.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Де́мбельский акко́рд&lt;/a&gt; — объём разовых работ, выполняемый по приказу командования военнослужащими срочной службы (как правило в последние один-два месяца перед увольнением в запас), условия выполнения которого неформально связаны с датой их предстоящего увольнения и мотивируются последней.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2016-12-29T21:21:34.923" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7888" CreationDate="2016-12-29T22:54:19.360" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Check these two!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://amzn.to/2hxs0Ln&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian essential grammar and conversational language&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://amzn.to/2id6RH6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian language in 25 lessons&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5020" LastActivityDate="2016-12-29T22:54:19.360" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13746" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13748" CreationDate="2016-12-30T03:52:13.673" Score="3" ViewCount="267" Body="&lt;p&gt;While reading &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Russian/Interrogative_Pronouns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Russian/Interrogative_Pronouns&lt;/a&gt; it's not clear to me the following example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He talks about the girl who works there - Он говорит о девушке, &lt;em&gt;которая&lt;/em&gt; работает там.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why которая is not declined with the prepositional case? Can you give me more examples of this? They also say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You may notice that какой ('what kind'), который ('what/which'), and чей ('whose'), are adjectives. They are therefore called adjectival pronouns. As such, when they are used in a sentence, they take on the ending appropriate for the gender and number of the noun it refers to, and the case appropriate for where it is in the sentence. This can mean that it takes on a different case to its noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6153" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2016-12-30T05:04:43.647" LastActivityDate="2017-01-12T22:12:48.340" Title="Interrogative pronouns taking different case than it's noun" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13746" CreationDate="2016-12-30T04:24:47.190" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe it takes the case of the part of the clause it is in. For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он говорил о девушке, у которой есть много денег.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, &lt;code&gt;которой&lt;/code&gt; is genitive, because &lt;em&gt;in the second clause &lt;code&gt;у&lt;/code&gt; is used.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, &lt;code&gt;которая&lt;/code&gt; is in nominative because the girl is the subject of the &lt;strong&gt;clause&lt;/strong&gt; (i.e., she is the one working).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я увидел человека, которому нравится сыр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, it is in the dative, regardless of the fact that accusative is required in the first clause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2016-12-30T04:24:47.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13746" CreationDate="2016-12-30T05:46:15.430" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A relative clause in Russian is joined by a pronoun, the relative pronoun который &quot;who, which, that&quot;. Actually, который is a conjunction, joining  a subordinate clause. &lt;strong&gt;Который&lt;/strong&gt; introduces a sentence that modifies the noun in the main clause.  For this reason it has to agree in &lt;strong&gt;number and gender&lt;/strong&gt; with the &lt;strong&gt;noun&lt;/strong&gt; it modifies like adjectives. However, unlike regular adjectives, it &lt;em&gt;does not agree with that noun&lt;/em&gt; in case; because it doesn't belong to that clause , &lt;strong&gt;it reflects the case of its function in the subordinate clause&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот &lt;em&gt;мужчина&lt;/em&gt;(masculine, singular ), с &lt;strong&gt;которым&lt;/strong&gt;(masculine, singular ) я вчера&#xA;  познакомился    .This is the man who(m) I met yesterday&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Которым&lt;/strong&gt; agrees in gender (masculine) and number (singular) with the noun to which it connects the subordinate clause. However, it reflects the case demanded by the preposition с, the instrumental, in the clause it introduces.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он влюбился в девушку, которая живет напротив.(девушка живет напротив--которая )&#xA;  He fell in love with the girl who lived across the street. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мой сын не ладит с ребятами, которые живут в нашем доме.(ребята живут в нашем доме--которые )&#xA;  My son doesn't get along with the children who live in our house.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не читал книгу, о которой вы говорите. (вы говорите о книге --которой.)&#xA;  I didn't read the book you are talking about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2016-12-30T06:28:22.093" LastActivityDate="2016-12-30T06:28:22.093" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13749" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2016-12-30T16:01:59.420" Score="8" ViewCount="419" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen these particles used in a metaphoric sense, where a fantastic, implausible scenario is presented for effect: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе, наверное, женщины на шею &lt;strong&gt;так и&lt;/strong&gt; вешаются.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;так и&lt;/strong&gt; покатился со смеху.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these cases in English we say &lt;em&gt;The women must &lt;strong&gt;literally&lt;/strong&gt; be throwing themselves at you&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;He was &lt;strong&gt;literally&lt;/strong&gt; rolling with laughter&lt;/em&gt;. However, I've also seen &lt;strong&gt;так и&lt;/strong&gt; used with plausible situations, but with somewhat &quot;extreme&quot; verbs that describe things the subject is prone to do, yet to a higher,  degree:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дождь &lt;strong&gt;так и&lt;/strong&gt; льёт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Солнце &lt;strong&gt;так и&lt;/strong&gt; жжёт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ветки &lt;strong&gt;так и&lt;/strong&gt; гнулись под тяжестью яблок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These make perfect sense to me as I assume they mean &lt;em&gt;The rain was &lt;strong&gt;absolutely&lt;/strong&gt; pouring&lt;/em&gt;, or *The sun was &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;absolutely&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; sweltering*, or *The branches were &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;literally&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; bending under the weight of the apples*. However, I was hard put to interpret this same &quot;extremeness&quot; in the following sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кошка &lt;strong&gt;так и&lt;/strong&gt; ластилась к его ногам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In what situation would somebody say this and what would they mean? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2020-12-19T07:40:51.483" LastActivityDate="2020-12-19T07:40:51.483" Title="Usage of the particles &quot;так и&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13749" CreationDate="2016-12-30T16:56:09.843" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say &lt;strong&gt;так и&lt;/strong&gt; describes an action that is &lt;em&gt;intense&lt;/em&gt; without necessarily being extreme. About the intensity of &quot;Boy was the cat snuggling at his feet.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2016-12-30T16:56:09.843" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13753" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13754" CreationDate="2016-12-30T22:07:29.623" Score="1" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm having some trouble understanding some of the grammatical constructions found in the following sentence which was taken from an article entitled &quot;горшки на коммунальной кухне&quot;. Here is the link: &lt;a href=&quot;https://lenta.ru/articles/2016/12/30/usrfmilitary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://lenta.ru/articles/2016/12/30/usrfmilitary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Российским властям не впервой пользоваться методом «обнуления» накопленного в двусторонних отношениях негатива, когда, грубо говоря, все помои оптом сливаются за шиворот уходящей вашингтонской администрации, а отношения с новыми людьми начинаются с чистого листа.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, why is &lt;strong&gt;Российским властям&lt;/strong&gt; in the dative plural? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, I am not sure what role &lt;strong&gt;негатива&lt;/strong&gt; plays in the first part of the sentence. Is it associated with &lt;strong&gt;накопленного&lt;/strong&gt;? My attempt at translation is as follows: &quot;the Russian government is not the first to use the method of equalization (not sure about translation of &lt;strong&gt;обнуления&lt;/strong&gt;. I assume it to be something along the lines of maintaining nuclear parity from the context of the article) having been accumulated negatively in two-sided relations, when ,roughly speaking,....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, I am not sure how to fit &lt;strong&gt;за шиворот&lt;/strong&gt; into my translation of &lt;em&gt;все помои оптом сливаются за шиворот уходящей вашингтонской администрации&lt;/em&gt;. My basic understanding is that all the &quot;garbage&quot; created by the Obama administration with Russia is &quot;going out the door&quot; once Trump comes into office. That is to say, there will be a clean slate once Trump and his people take over. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6722" LastActivityDate="2017-01-03T23:15:46.157" Title="Why dative plural in this sentence, and help with translation" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13753" CreationDate="2016-12-30T23:50:55.353" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;This isn't the first time the Russian government has used the method of 'resetting' the negativity accumulated in mutual relations, when, to put it bluntly, all of the mud is poured wholesale &lt;em&gt;[sic]&lt;/em&gt; behind the outgoing Washington administration's collar, while relations with the new people start with a clean slate.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Власти&lt;/strong&gt; is often used as if it were pluralia tantum (cf. &lt;em&gt;the authorities&lt;/em&gt;). It has a stronger implication of agency than &lt;strong&gt;власть&lt;/strong&gt;, which usually refers to power/government/authority as an abstract concept, or else to a particular authority when it appears as a kind of presence, a thing to be dealt with; &lt;strong&gt;власти&lt;/strong&gt; is a government as a doer of things or an active participant in something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не впервой&lt;/strong&gt; is a way of saying someone (appearing in the dative form) has done the action referred to before, with the implication that they're either experienced at it or use it as a preferred m.o.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Негатив&lt;/strong&gt; is an unpleasantly slangy-with-a-touch-of-vogue-word general term for, essentially, anything bad that's communicated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;когда, грубо говоря, все помои оптом сливаются за шиворот&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's some truly horrible style by someone who thinks they're being edgy when they're just being stylistically tone-deaf; I'm surprised someone actually wrote that, as opposed to said in a trascribed interview, where it would at least be excusable. &lt;strong&gt;Шиворот&lt;/strong&gt; is a term for &quot;collar&quot; that mostly appears in the idiom &lt;strong&gt;за шиворот&lt;/strong&gt;, which usually refers not to the metaphorical action here (tugging at someone's collar and dumping a lot of filthy liquid under their shirt) but to &lt;em&gt;grabbing&lt;/em&gt; someone by the collar or scruff of the neck. Another idiom is &lt;strong&gt;шиворот-навыворот&lt;/strong&gt;, a vernacular rough equivalent of &quot;topsy-turvy&quot; that's not seeing a lot of use these days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Оптом&lt;/strong&gt; is a particularly horrible word choice here — the deliberate kind of horrible, by someone who presumably congratulated themselves on what they thought was the energetic, p*ss-and-vinegar quality of their journalistic copy. Anyway, not to rant too much, the word is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; used in this random kind of manner, even by people who don't care how they sound. It's just weird and clunky.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Обнуление&lt;/strong&gt; is literally a reset to zero, semi-figuratively to a &quot;clean-slate&quot; state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2016-12-31T00:05:12.013" LastActivityDate="2016-12-31T00:05:12.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13755" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13756" CreationDate="2016-12-31T01:15:46.190" Score="12" ViewCount="344" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a comment I saw in a forum. Is it a typo, or does it actually mean something? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что не день, то приключение!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="8357" LastEditDate="2017-02-18T07:12:07.043" LastActivityDate="2017-02-18T07:12:07.043" Title="Meaning of &quot;Что ни день&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13755" CreationDate="2016-12-31T03:28:23.917" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a real sentence, but the poster incorrectly used &quot;не&quot; where they should have used &quot;ни&quot;. The correct form of the sentence is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что ни день, то приключение!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Not a day passes without some adventure!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Что ни день&quot;&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;&quot;every day&quot;&lt;/em&gt; but is more literally translated as &lt;em&gt;&quot;any given day&quot;&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;&quot;any passing day&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8319" LastActivityDate="2016-12-31T03:28:23.917" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13749" CreationDate="2016-12-31T09:14:42.873" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dictionary of Efremova gives &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/efremova/279715/%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;three cases&lt;/a&gt; of usage &quot;так и&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.&#xA;  Употребляется при подчеркивании энергичного, интенсивного непроизвольно совершающегося действия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I beleive this case is describing most of your examples - &quot;Emphasizing of active, intense spontaneously happening action.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2.&#xA;  Употребляется при подчеркивании значения итога, результата предшествующего действия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Incorrect) &lt;em&gt;Possibly this definition matches &quot;Он так и покатился со смеху.&quot; example - &quot;Is used to emphasize the result of the preceding action&quot; (something happened and as a result he started to laugh&quot;).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct example is the following: &quot;Вода начала подниматься в восточной части города, добралась до торгового центра, затем до библиотеки, потом до жилых кварталов - так и затопила весь район&quot;. - Here you see how step-by-step something happens and &quot;Так и&quot; summarizes what has happened in the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or different example: &quot;Он пошел купить себе костюм. В одном магазине ему не понравился продавец, в другом магазине - не было подходящего цвета, в третьем - не понравились пуговицы - так и остался он без костюма.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3.&#xA;  Употребляется для усиления эмоционально окрашенного несогласия или отрицания.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This case is absent in your examples - &quot;Is used for emphasizing emotional agreement or disagreement&quot; - like &quot;Так и нет&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2017-01-01T10:36:19.197" LastActivityDate="2017-01-01T10:36:19.197" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13758" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13759" CreationDate="2017-01-01T19:40:38.570" Score="3" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;why она всегда думает о сыне instead of она всегда думает о её сыне?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this reduction common? must i occult the pronoun whenever the suject and also whose posses is close to the object of possesion in the setence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8259" LastActivityDate="2017-01-01T20:20:36.910" Title="why она всегда думает о сыне instead of она всегда думает о её сыне?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13758" CreationDate="2017-01-01T20:20:36.910" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;We can use a possessive pronoun before the noun &quot;son&quot;,but it won't be &lt;strong&gt;её&lt;/strong&gt; which is incorrect.You should say &lt;strong&gt;своего&lt;/strong&gt; with any personal pronoun,if the boy is really her son.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она всегда думает о своём сыне.or Она всегда думает о сыне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both are correct. We can leave out the possessive pronoun and it will be clear that she is thinking about her own son. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-01-01T20:20:36.910" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13760" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13762" CreationDate="2017-01-01T23:08:19.787" Score="8" ViewCount="325" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've just recently begun to try to learn Russian. Right now I'm focusing on the alphabet and phonetics. Because I'm a space nerd, I've been using the &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/roscosmos&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Roscosmos Twitter page&lt;/a&gt; to help me. What I've been doing is looking at a post, reading each word individually (just for the sake of pronunciation), and then putting that word into Google Translate to see how close I was to the correct pronunciation, and correct myself. I came across a &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/roscosmos/status/798504861289615360&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;post&lt;/a&gt; about an old spacecraft, and I'm curious about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The post says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;28 лет назад впервые был произведен запуск многоразовой транспортной космической системы «Энергия-Буран».&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/b6Ihg.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/b6Ihg.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I'm curious about is the «Энергия-Буран». Does that mean &quot;Energy Blizzard&quot;? If so, that's a pretty epic name. If that's not what it means, can you please explain its meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8211" LastActivityDate="2017-01-03T01:53:51.693" Title="Does «Энергия-Буран» mean &quot;Energy Blizzard&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13760" CreationDate="2017-01-02T00:23:23.130" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, translation &quot;Energy Blizzard&quot; is incorrect. It assumes that the meaning is compound, where the first noun plays a role of adjective (i.e. blizzard made of energy).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But for this to be correct, in Russian it is not enough to place two nouns in nominative case together. It would require to use an actual adjective (&quot;энергетический буран&quot;); or to use the genitive case (&quot;буран из энергии&quot;, although this one is artificial, this particular construction is not used). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dash may also have similar effect, but not in our case. Here it means that it is a system made of two separate parts - the Energiya rocket and the Buran spaceship. On top of that, the Energiya is independent from Buran, as it has its own engines and could have been launched without the Buran attached (contrary to the Space Shuttle).&#xA;A similar example would be some US designations, like Atlas-Centaur launch system. Here it does not imply that a mythological giant Atlas suddenly also acquires four horse legs and body, like centaurs do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6494" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2017-01-03T01:53:51.693" LastActivityDate="2017-01-03T01:53:51.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13755" CreationDate="2017-01-02T13:11:14.253" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a good description of this structure—&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Jp9OB.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Jp9OB.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2017-01-02T13:11:14.253" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13764" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13291" CreationDate="2017-01-02T15:55:10.907" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;нельзя is a &lt;em&gt;predicative adverb&lt;/em&gt;, as a word class in morphology (&lt;em&gt;предикативное наречие&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is used as a &lt;em&gt;predicate&lt;/em&gt;, as part of the sentence, in syntaxis (&lt;em&gt;сказуемое&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(predicative also belongs to syntaxis, when the predicate is composed with an helping verb).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We may think that the word есть is missing: нельзя = является не лёгким, можно = есть возможным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a logical classification, and it leans towards the 'latin' grammar which is appropriate to indogerman languages. And russian is a quite near to latin (latvian, lithuan even more antique than russian). My exact source is Шелякин, справочник по русской грамматике, М.: Рус.яз., 2003. The Oxford Russian Dictionary, too, gives нельзя as adverbe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8330" LastEditorUserId="8332" LastEditDate="2017-01-03T18:50:01.687" LastActivityDate="2017-01-03T18:50:01.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13765" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13766" CreationDate="2017-01-02T19:18:29.490" Score="0" ViewCount="199" Body="&lt;p&gt;If i write:я учился в многих школе there is a meaning, i think that the understand that the  studied in many schools at same time is possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now if i write:я учился в много школе here seems to be ugly, at least for me, but the translation looks better because seems that i studied in a lot of schools , what i should do?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8259" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-01-02T21:21:48.043" LastActivityDate="2017-01-02T21:21:48.043" Title="Why &quot;я учился в многих школе&quot; instead of &quot;я учился в много школе&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13765" CreationDate="2017-01-02T19:59:01.280" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The (only) correct grammar here is &lt;strong&gt;Я учился во многих школах&lt;/strong&gt;; while you shouldn't worry about &quot;studying in many schools at the same time&quot; (you'd need to explicitly say &lt;strong&gt;сразу во многих&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;сразу в нескольких&lt;/strong&gt;), there is a different kind of vague problem about this wording, in that it sounds more like &quot;I studied in many &lt;em&gt;of the&lt;/em&gt; schools&quot;. Russian doesn't have articles, of course, but some random distinctions based on definitiveness turn up every now and then; &lt;strong&gt;многие&lt;/strong&gt; sort of implies that more information about those particular schools is forthcoming (&quot;in many of the schools which...&quot;) or has already been given.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я учился в нескольких школах&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't have this problem; I don't know how many schools we're talking about here; I went to five, but it's still something I would say, i.e. I don't feel &quot;several&quot; is an understatement. If you insist on &quot;many&quot;, though, it's probably better to reword as &lt;strong&gt;Я сменил много школ&lt;/strong&gt;. (Another option, theoretically, would be &lt;strong&gt;Я учился во множестве школ&lt;/strong&gt;, but that would most likely be an &lt;em&gt;over&lt;/em&gt;statement unless we're talking about a really extraordinary number of schools, maybe about ten or more.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-01-02T19:59:01.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13767" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-02T21:19:03.297" Score="5" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Russian language we pronounce the written word &lt;code&gt;считать&lt;/code&gt; differently,  &lt;code&gt;с-читать&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;щщитать&lt;/code&gt;, depending on what is expressed. (they are heteronyms, also known as heterophones, for English it's here &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial-stress-derived_noun&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial-stress-derived_noun&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteronym_(linguistics)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteronym_(linguistics)&lt;/a&gt; ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we desribe in Russian the picture:     &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;An electromagnetic head reading data from a magnetic tape.&#xA;Электромагнитая головка считывает данные с магнитной ленты.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;we pronounce &lt;code&gt;с-читать&lt;/code&gt; with 2 short sounds. One more example:     &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;The head can read out data from a magnetic tape.&#xA;Данная головка может считать данные с магнитной ленты.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the picture is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;one thinks about something, that … ; he takes into account something    &#xA;cчитается, что … ; он считает, [e.g.: надо + глагол]&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;then we use the pronunciation &lt;code&gt;щщитать&lt;/code&gt; with a single long sound:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я считаю, что мы достигли своей цели. &#xA;Он может считать, что достиг цели. &#xA;Он считает, надо достигнуть цели.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is plenty of examples for the latter, sitting right in the google searching output &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D1%8F+%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D1%8F+%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E%22&lt;/a&gt; , usually written in twitter-dritter-style or joke-style grammar (sounding utter illiterate otherwise).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;__Addition__:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For those who doubt in pronunciation of the heterophone &lt;code&gt;считать&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;с-читать&lt;/code&gt; there is a search query: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=считыватель&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;s&gt;Any other heteronyms / heterophones in Russian?&lt;/s&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The 5 others most frequently used heteronyms / heterophones in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastEditorUserId="5288" LastEditDate="2017-01-03T18:37:25.493" LastActivityDate="2017-01-03T18:37:25.493" Title="считывать, считать (heteronyms, AKA heterophones)" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="14" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-01-02T21:21:09.467" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13753" CreationDate="2017-01-03T23:15:46.157" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is this translation more clear? I tried to use Dative in English too and translate as literally as I could.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Российским властям не впервой пользоваться методом «обнуления»&#xA;  накопленного в двусторонних отношениях негатива, когда, грубо говоря,&#xA;  все помои оптом сливаются за шиворот уходящей вашингтонской&#xA;  администрации, а отношения с новыми людьми начинаются с чистого листа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To Russian authorities it is not new to use the method of &quot;annulling&quot;&#xA;  of the negative[things] collected in the bilateral relations, when,&#xA;  speaking rudely, all the garbage wholesale is thrown into the collar&#xA;  of the leaving Washington administration, and the relations with the&#xA;  new people are starting from a clean page.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2017-01-03T23:15:46.157" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13735" CreationDate="2017-01-03T23:28:35.320" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say that when you use the word есть it underlines that he can &lt;strong&gt;have&lt;/strong&gt; questions or reservations or doubts while not necessarily expressing them. He can keep the questions to himself for a time. On the other hand, without есть it more implies he &lt;strong&gt;asks&lt;/strong&gt; the questions (not keeping to himself).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня есть вопросы по поводу нового оборудования = I have&#xA;  reservations/doubts/questions about the new equipment (not necessary&#xA;  want to share them).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня вопросы по поводу нового оборудования = I want to ask questions&#xA;  about the new equipment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2017-01-03T23:28:35.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4356" CreationDate="2017-01-04T12:55:42.183" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In english it is in the year 1948, which is a &lt;em&gt;cardinal&lt;/em&gt;, a &lt;em&gt;quantity number&lt;/em&gt;. In russian however, it is in the 1948th year, which is an ordinal, an &lt;em&gt;ordinal number&lt;/em&gt;. You may use the 48th year, the 948th year or the 1948th year in russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, after the numeral eight it is лет, but after an ordinal it is год.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make smthing clear, the question was not about age, but about year of birth, which is the year in a date. Dates seems handled differently in RF, that in USA or EU. And one has to add year always in russian, sometimes implied. For ages both languages use cardinal numbers, quantity numbers (russian name of it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same difference in usage of ordinals holds for other numbers, in german we say tramway number five, or platform two, the St. Raphael hospital, but in russian it is the fifth autobus, or the second platform, the &lt;s&gt;one&lt;/s&gt; hundred second clinique.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;+edit+ russian orthography with arabic ordinal numbers requires endings: 1948-й год, в июне месяце 1948-го года, and spoken it is в июне месяце тысяча девятьсот сорок восьмого года.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8332" LastEditorUserId="8332" LastEditDate="2017-01-04T21:15:20.670" LastActivityDate="2017-01-04T21:15:20.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13771" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13772" CreationDate="2017-01-05T15:03:45.337" Score="3" ViewCount="166" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can understand the first part of the sentence, it is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no comet in the night sky.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the second part confuses me, how to translate this part? is снов the genitive case? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It comes from here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mumiytroll.com/inc/song_text.php?id=69&amp;amp;title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.mumiytroll.com/inc/song_text.php?id=69&amp;amp;title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8344" LastActivityDate="2017-01-05T16:04:06.217" Title="&quot;В ночном небе нет комет, Вся планета в мире снов.&quot;" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13771" CreationDate="2017-01-05T15:32:29.723" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В мире снов means&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;in the world of dreams&quot;. Снов from сны is a noun in the genitive. Вся планета в мире снов (The whole planet is in the world of dreams= The planet is sleeping).Комет is also in the genitive plural. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-01-05T16:04:06.217" LastActivityDate="2017-01-05T16:04:06.217" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13773" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13777" CreationDate="2017-01-05T19:09:28.073" Score="4" ViewCount="408" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the title states, what is the difference between the two perfective forms of the verb видеть? Essentially, I am asking:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When would you use завидеть and when would you use увидеть?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To give you an example of where I am trying to use it is in a message stating:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I do not know, if you will see this message.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I have so far:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не знаю, если вы завидите/увидите это письмо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8075" LastEditorUserId="8075" LastEditDate="2017-01-05T20:31:49.457" LastActivityDate="2017-07-31T08:52:37.960" Title="Perfective forms of видеть - завидеть и увидеть" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13773" CreationDate="2017-01-05T19:53:19.610" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Завидеть&lt;/code&gt; seems to be an obsolete and colloquial (perhaps) word. This word appears in dictionaries, but usually is not used in modern speech. This can be translated as &lt;code&gt;to see something from afar&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think you want say &lt;code&gt;Я не знаю, увидишь ли ты это письмо&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5172" LastActivityDate="2017-01-05T19:53:19.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13773" CreationDate="2017-01-05T20:32:27.133" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Увидеть&lt;/strong&gt; means just &lt;strong&gt;to see&lt;/strong&gt;. This word is frequently used in different situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вчера я увидел его на вокзале.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Завидеть&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;to nofice from the distance&lt;/strong&gt;. The verb is used mostly in the form of &lt;strong&gt;деепричастие&lt;/strong&gt;(завидев, завидя)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не боясь его, стрекотали в густой траве кузнечики, летали бабочки, ящерицы сидели на тёплых камнях и грелись и, &lt;strong&gt;завидев&lt;/strong&gt; Колюнчика, исчезали в траве. [Алексей Варламов. Купавна // «Новый Мир», 2000] …→&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Павел стоял в коридоре у окна и, &lt;strong&gt;завидев&lt;/strong&gt; меня, неприветливо поморщился, немного согнувшись при этом в поясе ― будто хотел встретить гостя поклоном. [Андрей Волос. Недвижимость (2000) // «Новый Мир», 2001]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are lots of examples in the national corpus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не знаю, увидите ли вы это письмо.&#xA;This will be correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-01-05T20:32:27.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13778" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13773" CreationDate="2017-01-05T20:40:17.743" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Завидеть is (practically?) never used as a verb, but you can meet its adverbial participle завидев, mostly in texts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7310" LastActivityDate="2017-01-05T20:40:17.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13782" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-07T16:05:00.213" Score="4" ViewCount="351" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the sentence &quot;Истории двух девушек, которые поняли, что терпеть не могут отца и мать&quot;, why aren't &quot;отца и мать&quot;  in accusative case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5692" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-05T13:50:21.870" LastActivityDate="2017-07-05T13:50:21.870" Title="&quot;Tерпеть не могут отца и мать&quot; - why not accusative case?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13699" CreationDate="2017-01-07T20:33:13.790" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can't be said &quot;жить спокойную жизнь&quot; - we rather say &quot;spend&quot; than &quot;live&quot; if wanna use accusative. So it'll sound as &quot;она вела спокойную жизнь&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should not use verb &quot;жить&quot; with accusative. It would sound strange (though will remain understood). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5370" LastActivityDate="2017-01-07T20:33:13.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13787" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13795" CreationDate="2017-01-08T11:35:42.290" Score="4" ViewCount="1257" Body="&lt;p&gt;More specifically, what is the difference in meaning between:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Анна:&lt;/strong&gt; Сколько времени ты делала домашнее задание?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Нина:&lt;/strong&gt; Я делала домашнее задание час.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Анна:&lt;/strong&gt; За сколько времени ты сделала домашнее задание?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Нина:&lt;/strong&gt; Я сделала домашнее задание за час.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any significance to the fact that perfective verbs are only used with &amp;quot;за&amp;quot; and that imperfective verbs are only used in the absence of &amp;quot;за&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background information:&lt;/strong&gt; This relates to Exercise 91 on page 134 of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.de/Russkij-jazyk-upraznenijach-Russisch-%C3%9Cbungen/dp/5883371930&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;German version&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.europeanbookshop.com/languagebooks/series/RIVP&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this workbook&lt;/a&gt; and the two examples preceding it. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://docdro.id/aeXNKVL&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;See here&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only result I could find discussing this using Google was &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.wordreference.com/threads/%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE.2409339/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;. However, it does not seem to address the specific situation I am confused about (&amp;quot;за сколько времени/сколько времени&amp;quot; as well as &amp;quot;за+(винительный)срок/(винительный)срок&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the answers seem to imply that there is a difference in meaning between: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Как долго она не работала?&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Сколько времени она не работала?&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;, which would be very confusing to me, since Exercise 87 on page 133 and the preceding example of the same workbook would seem to imply that there is no difference between them. If there is actually a difference, I could ask that as a separate question, I just wanted to explain why I found the thread on WordReference unhelpful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-01-09T11:21:10.607" Title="What is the meaning of &quot;за&quot; in expressions relating to time?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13787" CreationDate="2017-01-08T12:07:38.220" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, as you can see, in the given context both &quot;сколько [времени]&quot; and &quot;за сколько времени&quot; are corresponding to the phrase &quot;how much time&quot; in questions like &quot;how much time it will take&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But actually, William, your observation is quite elegant and, the most important, valid. This is indeed has something to do with the perferctiveness/imperfectiveness of Russian verbs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is even more obvious when we are talking about some actions that yet to be done, probably in future (if they are supposed to be done at all).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare following pairs of questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сколько [времени] ты ещё будешь собираться! &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;За сколько [времени] ты соберёшься.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сколько ещё времени ты будешь делать домашнее задание?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;За сколько времени можно сделать домашнее задание?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See, whenever we have so-called &quot;будущее несовершенное&quot; - one that is used with &quot;быть&quot; - &quot;сколько&quot; is used, and with &quot;будущее совершенное&quot; (future perfect) or just infinitive of a perfect verb &quot;за сколько&quot; is used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a sidenote, just to mention, there is a separate colloquial &quot;Сколько времени?&quot; which has a different meaning - &quot;how much time it is?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-01-08T12:07:38.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13789" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13791" CreationDate="2017-01-08T13:54:24.150" Score="4" ViewCount="358" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know how to make plurals using numerals and nouns, but how does one use numerals  with demonstrative pronouns or even just regular pronouns? Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need two of these.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will select three of you to help me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-12-29T23:00:03.867" Title="How to say &quot;two of these&quot;" Tags="&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13790" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13782" CreationDate="2017-01-08T13:56:31.137" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both in accusative already:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) &lt;a href=&quot;http://opencorpora.org/dict.php?act=edit&amp;amp;id=213627&quot;&gt;отец&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Wxudw.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Wxudw.png&quot; alt=&quot;отец&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) &lt;a href=&quot;http://opencorpora.org/dict.php?act=edit&amp;amp;id=156447&quot;&gt;мать&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/k2TW6.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/k2TW6.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8353" LastActivityDate="2017-01-08T13:56:31.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13789" CreationDate="2017-01-08T13:59:16.543" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужно &amp;lt;выбрать&gt; двоих из них.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See lemmata &lt;a href=&quot;http://opencorpora.org/dict.php?act=edit&amp;amp;id=78866&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;двое&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я выберу троих из вас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See lemmata &lt;a href=&quot;http://opencorpora.org/dict.php?act=edit&amp;amp;id=350318&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;'трое'&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next: четверо, пятеро, шестеро, семеро...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Would you normally use the regular number if it is higher than 7? I&#xA;  heard it's not normal to use collectives after 7&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sure. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See gramota.ru: &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search-answer?s=274656&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search-answer?s=274656&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q: В словарях зафиксированы собирательные числительные &quot;восьмеро&quot;, &quot;девятеро&quot;, &quot;десятеро&quot;. Насколько употребительны именно эти&#xA;  числительные в современном языке? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A: Они малоупотребительны в начальной форме, но частотны в косвенных падежах: нет восьмерых, девятерых, десятерых.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/24631/%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%85-%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85&quot;&gt;topic about 30&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Собирательные числительные — это замкнутая группа слов: двое, трое,&#xA;  четверо, пятеро, шестеро, семеро, восьмеро, девятеро, десятеро; в&#xA;  разговорной речи образуются и числительные типа одиннадцатеро,&#xA;  двенадцатеро (но не двадцатеро, тридцатеро). Собирательные&#xA;  числительные называют количество, понимаемое как нечто целостное,&#xA;  единое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Современный русский литературный язык / Под ред. П. А. Леканта — М.,&#xA;  2009г.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8353" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T13:00:13.870" LastActivityDate="2017-01-08T14:56:36.773" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13794" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13789" CreationDate="2017-01-08T21:41:53.740" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main feature of these examples is that they don't have a noun attached to the numeral, while the “container” of the things counted is mentioned and attached with the preposition “of”. Actually, your question is: how do I get rid of the noun when I use a numeral, and should I? I can see three ways to solve the problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need thirty of these. — &lt;em&gt;Мне нужно тридцать штук.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will select fifty of you to help me. — &lt;em&gt;Я отберу среди вас пятьдесят человек себе в помощь.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, I don't get rid of the noun at all, I just use something generic that does not interfere. This is a very common way: «Хорошо, мне нужно две штуки.» (&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Okay, I need two of these.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;) is what you probably would say in a shop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2)&lt;/strong&gt; When the noun is implied by repetition, I can just omit it. For example, a simple arithmetic problem:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть 100 коробок с леденцами, из них две содержат зелёные леденцы, десять — красные, а остальные — жёлтые. Сколько коробок с жёлтыми леденцами?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3)&lt;/strong&gt; I can use a collective numeral as the other answer suggests («из них трое» as a substitute for «из них три игрока»: «В команде двадцать три игрока, из них трое не пожелали выйти на поле.»). But «трое телевизоров» (&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;three TV boxes&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;) makes no sense at all to me, I think the collectives are reserved to something animate. «Трое псов» (&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;three dogs&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;) is fine. With the number two, the numeral «оба» also quite works, whether the thing is animate or not. But it means not only “&lt;em&gt;the two of them&lt;/em&gt;”, but also “&lt;em&gt;all of them&lt;/em&gt;”, i. e. it's not always applicable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, the second option is valid in place of the third; that is, the use of a collective numeral may be not necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-01-09T00:52:05.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13787" CreationDate="2017-01-09T02:56:12.907" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you (and shabunc) are right that aspect is involved here. To use English for comparison:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;за + (time period) + perfective verb expresses how long it took to &lt;em&gt;complete&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;accomplish&lt;/em&gt; something. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я прочитал книгу за неделю.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I read the book &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt; a week/It took me a week to read the book. [and I've finished it]  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using just the time period in the accusative, with an imperfective verb, expresses &lt;em&gt;duration&lt;/em&gt;: how long you spent on an activity, with no indication of whether you completed it, or whether there's a result.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я читал книгу неделю.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I read the book &lt;strong&gt;for&lt;/strong&gt; a week/I spent a week reading the book. [no indication of whether I finished it or not; maybe I gave up on it after a week. I'm just stating how long I was reading it.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastEditorUserId="7716" LastEditDate="2017-01-09T03:22:55.807" LastActivityDate="2017-01-09T03:22:55.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13796" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13797" CreationDate="2017-01-09T03:02:34.227" Score="12" ViewCount="1256" Body="&lt;p&gt;The man's name Осип is a form of Иосиф. Is it a nickname, a diminutive, a regionalism, or a register change? Would someone named Иосиф potentially also answer to Осип, as with Joseph and Joe?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="8359" LastEditDate="2019-06-14T17:31:16.070" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T17:31:16.070" Title="What distinguishes &quot;Осип&quot; from &quot;Иосиф&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;formality&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13796" CreationDate="2017-01-09T04:13:25.853" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's neither a nickname, nor a dinimutive. It's just a form which became distinctive from the (borrowed through Greek) Иосиф and happily co-exist with it just like Johannes co-exist with John. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it indeed initially was introduced at lower-class usage I'm not sure it can be treated as regionalism - I'd rather say it is Russian vulgar version of the name. Just like say Йозеф.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of the second part of your question - yes, in colloquial speech Иосиф could be addressed as &lt;code&gt;Осип&lt;/code&gt; if he didn't mind - nowadays it's pretty obsolete. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a famous Russian-speaking poet of Jewish origin, Осип Мандельштам,  who actually was Иосиф. But this name can be use as a separate one as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, there are some other examples when colloquial form of name became a separate one. For instance, &lt;code&gt;Егор&lt;/code&gt; initially was a form of &lt;code&gt;Георгий&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-04-23T20:16:51.683" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T20:16:51.683" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13787" CreationDate="2017-01-09T11:21:10.607" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;William&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll try to answer your questions from another perspective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Also, the answers seem to imply that there is a difference in meaning&#xA;between: &amp;quot;Как долго она не работала?&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Сколько времени она не&#xA;работала?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Despite there's difference in form, the meaning is just the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And your another question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Is there any significance to the fact that perfective verbs are only&#xA;used with &amp;quot;за&amp;quot; and that imperfective verbs are only used in the&#xA;absence of &amp;quot;за&amp;quot;?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd say, there's no significance to this fact. Let us see the examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Анна&lt;/strong&gt;: За какое время ты сделала домашнее задание? (What time did it take you to do the homework)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нина&lt;/strong&gt;: Я сделала домашнее задание за час.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imperfective verbs can be used with the preposition &amp;quot;за&amp;quot; as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Анна&lt;/strong&gt;: За какое время ты делаешь домашнее задание? (What time does it take you to do the homework)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нина&lt;/strong&gt;: Я делаю домашнее задание за час.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;ЗА&amp;quot; in expressions relating to time means either &amp;quot;how much time does/did/will it take&amp;quot; e.g.: За какое время? За какой срок? or &amp;quot;for the time of smth e.g.: За время учебы. За время каникул.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the situation you are concerned about:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сколько времени ты делала домашнее задание?&lt;/strong&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;За сколько времени ты сделала домашнее задание?&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Both the preposition &amp;quot;За&amp;quot; and a perfective aspect are used to highlight that the action is finished. But they are translated in the same way into English: &lt;strong&gt;How much time did it take you to do your homework?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, also, probably some knowledge of aspect will help you investigate this puzzle.&#xA;(I suppose, you already know that, but, to my mind, it never hurts to revise). As well as in English, there are two aspects: perfective and imperfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Imerfective aspect has three tense forms:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(all of them are used when talking about incomplete actions)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The past form: Я делал /Eng: I did&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The present form: Я делаю /Eng: I do/I am doing (and here it probably gets tricky)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Future form: Я буду делать /Eng I will do&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Perfective aspect has only two forms:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The past form: Я сделал /Eng: either I did smth or I have done smth (BUT in Russian it's never about Present, in other words, it is NEVER about duration from the past until now. It is always about actions in the Past. &lt;strong&gt;This form is used when talking about completed actions&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The present form: Я сделаю /Eng: I will have done it (it is always about the result in Future) It is tricky, because there's a present form, but a Future meaning. &lt;strong&gt;And again, we are takling about completed actions&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope that helps&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8361" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-01-09T11:21:10.607" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13799" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13789" CreationDate="2017-01-09T12:29:26.360" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I need two of these.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me remind you that Russian numerals agree in gender, number and case with the nouns (even if there's obviously no noun in the clause, it is often  clear from the situation when you point at a certain thing or person ) Thus, there can't be a universal answer. I don't think &quot;these&quot; can refer to people(sounds pejorative ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужны &lt;strong&gt;две&lt;/strong&gt; такие(ручки), &lt;strong&gt;два&lt;/strong&gt; таких (карандаша).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I will select three of you to help me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я выберу &lt;strong&gt;троих/трех&lt;/strong&gt; (ребят), &lt;strong&gt;трех&lt;/strong&gt; (девчонок) из вас себе в помощь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-01-10T14:56:14.120" LastActivityDate="2017-01-10T14:56:14.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13800" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-09T18:39:28.717" Score="2" ViewCount="251" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had tried to render the expression &quot;invalid at computed-value time&quot; into very understandable Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was rendered as &quot;недопустимое значение&quot; by myself, and so trimmed in a way that retains no real essentials. Really, I do not want to say &quot;invalid value&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me explain it. It comes from computation. For example, I have a function, an input value and a conditional statement that defines if an output value returned by the function is acceptable. I do not know if the input value is valid to be taken as an input because it depends on what the output value is. Later, at computation time the output—the computed value—proves to be unacceptable, so the input value is invalid at computed-value time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is accurate rendering of the expression so it never need to be explained in order to be properly understood?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5826" LastEditorUserId="5826" LastEditDate="2017-01-09T20:06:46.217" LastActivityDate="2017-04-13T01:53:55.183" Title="What is accurate rendering of the expression &quot;invalid at computed-value time&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13800" CreationDate="2017-01-09T19:12:54.660" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Недопустимое значение&quot; seems to be totally fine for what you have described. I don't see any problem. If you want to explain the reason of this value being invalid, you can explain it shortly, like &quot;Недопустимое значение: &lt;em&gt;(here goes the condition that makes it invalid)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, I don't see any real way of going with no explanation at all in your case, unless you explain it somewhere else, which in turn isn't going without an explanation. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastEditorUserId="7544" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T01:53:55.183" LastActivityDate="2017-04-13T01:53:55.183" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13789" CreationDate="2017-01-09T19:22:06.633" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian it actually changes a lot depending on whether the things you are referring to are animate or inanimate. Animate and inanimate nouns are declined in different ways; the same goes with pronouns that refer to them. I am not an English native speaker, but it seems like the first sentence refers to inanimate objects, and the second — to animate. In this case you would say it like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нужны два таких&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(If those &amp;quot;two&amp;quot; are masculine.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нужны две такие&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(If they both are feminine.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you would refer to animate objects, you would probably use the word &amp;quot;двое&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What goes to the second phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я выберу троих из вас, чтобы помочь мне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As we don't expect the narrator to be talking to inanimate objects in this way, we definitely go this way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditDate="2020-12-29T23:00:03.867" LastActivityDate="2020-12-29T23:00:03.867" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13800" CreationDate="2017-01-09T20:06:27.517" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would approach it similarly to a stable expression:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Invalid run-time value&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; which is translated as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Недопустимое значение во время выполнения.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we need to differentiate &lt;strong&gt;compute-time&lt;/strong&gt; from &lt;strong&gt;run-time&lt;/strong&gt;, then we can translate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Invalid at computed-value time&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Недопустимое значение во время вычисления.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion the literal translation is: &quot;Недопустимо во время вычисления значения.&quot; But that phrase (adverbial clause) is less convenient for usage in different contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-01-09T20:15:18.407" LastActivityDate="2017-01-09T20:15:18.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13800" CreationDate="2017-01-09T20:40:33.940" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Значение аргумента допускает выполнение первого шага в последовательности вычислений, но не допускает выполнения последующих шагов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastEditorUserId="8357" LastEditDate="2017-01-12T22:11:38.583" LastActivityDate="2017-01-12T22:11:38.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13800" CreationDate="2017-01-09T23:32:46.623" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would propose a translation, based on your description. You wrote, that certain value, being used as an input parameter, leads to an unacceptable result. So, in Russian it will be something like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Значение переменной [which you use as input] приводит к неприемлемому результату&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P. S. As a programmer, I prefer clear error explanations. Error text has to explain a situation as much as possible, so it is more an explanation than a translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastEditorUserId="4481" LastEditDate="2017-01-09T23:40:31.453" LastActivityDate="2017-01-09T23:40:31.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13807" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13811" CreationDate="2017-01-10T02:03:51.013" Score="7" ViewCount="307" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my stamp collection is a 1990 Soviet Union stamp commemorating British double agent Kim Philby. Above his likeness is the title СОВЕТСКИЙ РАЗВЕДЧИК, which to my understanding translates to &quot;Soviet Sentry&quot;. The term &quot;sentry&quot; strikes me as odd though, because sentry isn't a synonym for spy. Can somebody shed any light on this particular choice of wording?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An online dictionary indicates the term means &quot;sentry&quot; which doesn't make any sense. Kim Philby was a British double agent, not a &quot;scout&quot;, but obviously the USSR considered him valuable, and perhaps a hero. So does the particular Russian term have a more nuanced meaning when it comes to espionage, or does it perhaps mean &quot;Guardian of the Soviet Union&quot;, or something else entirely?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5313" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-01-12T01:43:05.877" LastActivityDate="2017-01-12T01:43:05.877" Title="Meaning of &quot;разведчик&quot; on a Soviet era stamp" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13800" CreationDate="2017-01-10T06:38:56.643" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Folant,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I understand your task correctly, you deal with a function and a conditional statement that evaluates these function outputs. In this case, your function + the conditional statement is basically another function that has its own range and domain. For this reason, if an output value is not acceptable, I would simply say: &quot;The input parameter is out of the range&quot; and, by definition, it automatically means that the corresponding output value is not acceptable in a process of computation. A Russian equivalent of &quot;The input parameter is out of the range&quot; is &quot;Входной параметер вне области определения&quot;, and this message sounds scientific and elegant in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8365" LastEditorUserId="8365" LastEditDate="2017-01-10T07:00:11.827" LastActivityDate="2017-01-10T07:00:11.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13796" CreationDate="2017-01-10T07:32:54.100" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Иосиф is not really a Russian name. It is a Jewish name, which can be encountered among Russian Jews moderately often and never among ethnic Russians.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Осип is a Russian name, but it is very archaic, outdated and not widely used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I encountered a person named Осип I would suspect a family of Russian Orthodox conservatives, priests, Old Believers, peasants, whatever of this kind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2017-01-10T07:32:54.100" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13807" CreationDate="2017-01-10T19:25:14.433" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, if &lt;code&gt;sentry&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;a soldier stationed to keep guard or to control access to a place&quot;, then &lt;code&gt;разведчик&lt;/code&gt; is not &lt;code&gt;sentry&lt;/code&gt;. If some dictionary translates &lt;code&gt;разведчик&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;sentry&lt;/code&gt;, it doesn't make sense indeed.  &quot;A soldier stationed to keep guard or to control access to a place&quot; is &lt;code&gt;часовой&lt;/code&gt; (when he is on duty) or &lt;code&gt;караульный&lt;/code&gt; (while not on duty). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Разведчик&lt;/code&gt; is either &lt;code&gt;scout&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;a soldier or other person sent out ahead of a main force so as to gather information about the enemy's position, strength, or movements&quot;) or &lt;code&gt;spy&lt;/code&gt;.  &lt;code&gt;Spy&lt;/code&gt; can also be translated as &lt;code&gt;шпион&lt;/code&gt;, but &lt;code&gt;шпион&lt;/code&gt; has some negative connotation, while &lt;code&gt;разведчик&lt;/code&gt; has positive connotation.  For instance, a Soviet press would likely call Francis Gary Powers &quot;шпион&quot;, but Rudolf Abel might be called &quot;разведчик&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2017-01-10T19:25:14.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13812" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13814" CreationDate="2017-01-11T09:50:20.457" Score="6" ViewCount="182" Body="&lt;p&gt;Во время прочтения фразы &quot;парами ртути отравились и умерли 60 мастеров&quot; в &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80#.D0.A1.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.8C.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.BE_.D1.81.D0.BE.D0.B1.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B0&quot;&gt;статье на Википедии&lt;/a&gt;, мне показалось, что построена она неверно, и если дополнение стоит в начале предложения, то все последующие сказуемые должны относиться к нему. Соответственно, вторая часть предложения читается как &quot;парами ртути... умерли&quot;, что лишено какого-либо смысла. Фразой, не вызывающей диссонанса, в данном случае является &quot;отравились парами ртути и умерли 60 мастеров&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли какое-то правило, подтверждающее это чувство?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4739" LastEditorUserId="4833" LastEditDate="2017-01-11T10:06:18.033" LastActivityDate="2017-01-15T06:11:18.333" Title="Порядок в предложении с несколькими сказуемыми" Tags="&lt;синтаксис&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13813" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13816" CreationDate="2017-01-11T12:31:03.897" Score="7" ViewCount="175" Body="&lt;p&gt;Got a business letter with this phrase followed by a list of 6 officials, sixth being a president. So I wonder whether it's me who always interpreted this phrase incorrectly (5 members total) or them (6 members)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="87" LastActivityDate="2017-01-12T01:20:20.227" Title="In &quot;делегация из 5 человек во главе с президентом&quot;, are 5 or 6 visitors meant?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13812" CreationDate="2017-01-11T12:59:36.357" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вряд ли найдётся универсальное правило, но можно определить, почему первый вариант неудачен. Дело не столько в порядке слов (напр. возможны варианты с разным положением подлежащего), сколько в &lt;strong&gt;тесном объединении&lt;/strong&gt; союзом &quot;и&quot; соседствующих &lt;strong&gt;глаголов&lt;/strong&gt;. В результате взаимной связи они оказались в равной степени отнесёнными к вынесенному в начало предложения дополнению &quot;парами ртути&quot;, &lt;em&gt;с падежом&lt;/em&gt; которого может сочетаться лишь один из этих глаголов. &lt;em&gt;Разорвать связь&lt;/em&gt; второго глагола с имеющимся дополнением можно разными способами. В предложенном вами (правильном) варианте союз &quot;и&quot; объединяет законченную конструкцию из глагола с индивидуально связанным дополнением и второй глагол без дополнения. Без нарушения смысла здесь можно напр. перенести &quot;60 мастеров&quot; из конца в начало. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отравились парами ртути и умерли 60 мастеров.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;60 мастеров отравились парами ртути и умерли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Другой вариант исправления (с сохранением акцента на &quot;парах ртути&quot;) возможен при связывании второго глагола с дополнением в подходящем падеже:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Парами ртути отравились и от последствий отравления (ими) умерли 60&#xA;  мастеров.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-01-11T12:59:36.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13813" CreationDate="2017-01-11T13:27:22.973" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's them, and it doesn't look like an intuitive kind of mistake: by which I mean, it was likely caused by uninformed overthinking on the part of the person that wrote the letter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-01-11T13:27:22.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13813" CreationDate="2017-01-12T01:20:20.227" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, this is exactly why the words like &quot;включительно&quot;, &quot;включая&quot; do exist - otherwise in some cases there is indeed a disambiguation. The answer to your question is that the phrase &quot;делегация из N человек во главе с президентом&quot; can mean either N or N+1. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To avoid such uncertainty one can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Делегация из пяти человек &lt;strong&gt;вместе&lt;/strong&gt; с президентом&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Делегация из пяти человек &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; президент&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Делегация из шести человек, &lt;strong&gt;включая&lt;/strong&gt; президента&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Делегация из пяти человек, &lt;strong&gt;не включая&lt;/strong&gt; президента&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-01-12T01:20:20.227" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13817" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-12T02:21:35.740" Score="3" ViewCount="242" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть особенная разновидность поэтического творчества, которую я сейчас опишу. По-английски этот жанр называется “correlative poetry”; мне хотелось бы знать русское название.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть несколько кортежей из слов (в математическом смысле слова: кортеж — это конечный упорядоченный список заданной длины), и в каждом кортеже на каждой позиции слово играет семантическую роль, заданную номером позиции. Кортежи разнесены по строкам стихотворения (необязательно по всем строкам), и в каждой такой строке слова встречаются в той же последовательности, в которой они записаны в кортеж. Получается занятный эффект «соотносения», похожий на взаимосвязанности в численных отношениях (А относится к Б, как В относится к Г — то есть частное А/Б равно частному В/Г, и отсюда следует, что частное А/В равно частному Б/Г).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример такого стихотворения можно найти &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.jstor.org/stable/2857099?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;здесь&lt;/a&gt;. В оригинале (в испанском, а разъяснения — по-английски) это сонет; ниже я приведу подстрочный перевод. В данном случае кортежи — это тройки; первое слово каждой тройки относится к зверю, второе — к птице, а третье — к рыбе. Первая тройка — это среда обитания; вторая тройка — это, собственно, название существа и его способ передвижения; третья тройка — это место, которое существу приносит радость; а четвёртая — это условия, в которых обитает существо и которые оно покидает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мой вопрос относится не к литературному приёму (довольно-таки специфическому), а к стихам, которые использованием такого приёма характеризуются. Стихи эти могут быть более или менее осмыслены, предназначаться для выражения одного или другого, но их основная черта и, можно сказать, цель существования — организация именно в такой форме, которую я описал. Слово «сонет» — того же рода: стихотворение, нарушающее определённые формальные требования (рифмовка, распределение мысли) перестаёт быть сонетом, чем бы оно ни было сверх того. Разве что вот эта форма — более специальная и более «игривая».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот подстрочник:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;    Ни в этих лесах (А1), ни в этих небесах (А2), ни в этой реке (А3)&#xA;не бежит зверь (Б1), не летит птица (Б2), рыба не плывёт (Б3),&#xA;которые не выслушают с полным вниманием&#xA;грустный голос моих грустных рыданий;&#xA;&#xA;    и хотя бы даже и в расцвете лета&#xA;моя жалоба будет ветру доверена,&#xA;когда каждому из них милей всего их&#xA;свежая пещера (В1), зелёное дерево (В2), прохладный ручей (В3),&#xA;&#xA;    сочувствием движимы к моей жалобе,&#xA;оставляют они сумрак (Г1), ветку (Г2) и глубины (Г3),&#xA;как в старину — чтобы слышать сладостную песнь&#xA;&#xA;    того, что в лесах у Струмы&#xA;их держало тысячу веков. Вот сколько&#xA;владычествует моё горе и владычествовала его сладость!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Добавление&lt;/strong&gt;: наверное, надо мне указать, что &lt;em&gt;вдохновило&lt;/em&gt; этот странный вопрос. Это фраза из романа Пиранделло («Покойный Маттиа Паскаль»):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ma egli aveva una erudizione tutta sua particolare, curiosa e&#xA;  bislacca. Era, per esempio, dottissimo in &lt;strong&gt;bisticci&lt;/strong&gt;: conosceva la poesia fidenziana e la maccaronica, la burchiellesca e la leporeambica, e citava allitterazioni e annominazioni e &lt;strong&gt;versi correlativi&lt;/strong&gt; e incatenati e retrogradi di tutti i poeti perdigiorni, e non poche rime balzane componeva egli stesso.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эти слова – из характеристики одного персонажа, домашнего учителя. Примерно перевести можно так (если по смыслу прицепливаться к оригиналу):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но его эрудиция была весьма своеобразная – причудливая и нескладная. Он, например, очень хорошо был знаком с &lt;strong&gt;барочным стихосложением&lt;/strong&gt;: знал поэзию фиденцианскую и макароническую, буркьелловскую и лепореамбическую, читал вслух аллитерации и анноминации, &lt;strong&gt;стихи соотносительные&lt;/strong&gt;, цепочечные и анациклические всех самых разных поэтов-пустословов, и немало странных стихотворений он составил сам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Впрочем, слово «bisticci» означает, скорее, шуточное стихосложение. Пиранделло приводит и пример такой шутки. Перевести этот пример на русский язык можно, скажем, так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;    Помню, как-то раз в «Сан Роккино» он сто раз, наверное,&#xA;заставил нас повторить вот это своё «Эхо», обращаясь к&#xA;холму напротив: &#xA;&#xA;     Кто украдкой погубит, бросит тело в овраг? &#xA;                               — (Враг).&#xA;     Кто жестокой насмешкой поразит меня вдруг? &#xA;                               — (Друг).&#xA;     Для кого мои слёзы – так, всего лишь потеха?&#xA;                               — (Эха).&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В оригинале, правда, речь идёт о любви, да и эхо скорее сочувствует чтецу, чем насмехается над ним, но ведь неважно:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;     In cuor di donna quanto dura amore?&#xA;                               — (Ore).&#xA;     Ed ella non mi amò quant'io l'amai?&#xA;                               — (Mai).&#xA;     Or chi sei tu che sì ti lagni meco?&#xA;                               — (Eco).&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;     В сердце женском сколько длится любовь?&#xA;                               — (Пару часов).&#xA;     Она меня не любила, как я её любил?&#xA;                               — (Никогда).&#xA;     Но кто же ты – о, плачущий со мною?&#xA;                               — (Эхо).&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastEditorUserId="8357" LastEditDate="2017-01-20T12:48:14.907" LastActivityDate="2017-01-20T12:48:14.907" Title="“Correlative poetry” — как перевести это название на русский?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;терминология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13818" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13819" CreationDate="2017-01-12T03:15:32.407" Score="6" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть такая вещь, для которой итальянское название — «versi incatenati». Так называются стихи, из которых каждый следующий начинается с того же слова, которым завершается предыдущий. Как такая вещь называется по-русски? Пример (прошу прощения за глупость — просто чтобы показать, как это по-русски может выглядеть):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Собака попала в подвал,&#xA;Подвал был сырой и холодный.&#xA;Холодный сбирается вал;&#xA;Вал — душегубец не модный…&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И так далее по цепочке…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть схожее явление — «catena di sonetti», венок сонетов. Это сонеты, из которых каждый следующий начинается с того же стиха, которым завершается предыдущий. Но меня интересует русское название для другой вещи…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Добавление&lt;/strong&gt;: слово должно явственно указывать, что речь идёт о шуточной поэзии. То есть такой, цель которой — в первую очередь, соответствие текста форме. В интернете можно найти довольно много примеров «палиндромических» стихов разного рода. В таких стихах смысл если и есть (как бывает в пословных или построчных ракоходах), то всё же очевидно, что он — совсем не главное или не совсем главное. Вот о чём-то таком я и говорю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastEditorUserId="8357" LastEditDate="2017-01-12T13:44:21.940" LastActivityDate="2017-01-12T13:44:21.940" Title="Как по-русски назвать — «versi incatenati»?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;терминология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13818" CreationDate="2017-01-12T03:35:19.677" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This one I know) Actually it is called &lt;code&gt;aнадиплосис&lt;/code&gt;. Here's a quote from dictionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Анадиплосис - стилистическая фигура, состоящая в том, что отрезок речи (стих, фраза) начинается словами, которыми заканчивается предыдущий, например &quot;Голова болит, мало можется. Мало можется, нездоровится&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was quite widely used in Old Russian poetry as well, here's an example from relevant &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiki article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Станем-ка, ребята челобитную писать, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Челобитную писать, во Москву посылать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Во Москву посылать, царю в руки подавать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strictly speaking it is not the name of a poetry of such kind but rather of the act of repetition itself but in Russian one would say &quot;стихи с использованием анадиплосиса&quot; - this is the closest you can get if not to dive in &quot;I-am-too-smart-kind&quot; self-induced neologisms, something like &quot;анадиплосисческие стихи&quot; ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-01-12T03:46:56.720" LastActivityDate="2017-01-12T03:46:56.720" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13821" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13823" CreationDate="2017-01-12T13:40:52.283" Score="4" ViewCount="308" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an audio course of Russian language I heard several times &quot;Я видел Петербурга&quot;. Does this mean that geographical names are animate nouns?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8377" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-10-20T06:26:15.467" LastActivityDate="2017-10-20T06:26:15.467" Title="Is &quot;Петербург&quot; an animate noun? I heard &quot;Я видел Петербурга&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13821" CreationDate="2017-01-12T13:47:15.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. You either mis-parsed or mis-heard what they said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastActivityDate="2017-01-12T13:47:15.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13821" CreationDate="2017-01-12T15:40:51.213" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, &lt;code&gt;Петербург&lt;/code&gt; is not an animate noun, and &lt;code&gt;я видел Петербурга&lt;/code&gt; is wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only exception is if somebody is named &lt;code&gt;Петербург&lt;/code&gt;, e.g. it is an animal name, somebody's nick etc.  In this case &lt;code&gt;Петербург&lt;/code&gt; would be an animate noun, and &lt;code&gt;я видел Петербурга&lt;/code&gt; is correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;У моего друга есть кот по кличке Петербург. Вчера я видел Петербурга.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Брат моей жены пишет в форум под ником Петербург. На прошлой неделе я видел Петербурга.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe you heard &lt;code&gt;я не видел Петербурга&lt;/code&gt; (genitive case due to negation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2017-01-12T16:17:44.980" LastActivityDate="2017-01-12T16:17:44.980" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13746" CreationDate="2017-01-12T22:12:48.340" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I think I got it, but... what exactly defines a clause?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have a clause when you have a complete thought. Usually, a clause is defined by one (no more) verb with all its actants, i. e. noun-like words that go with the verb, either nouns or adjectives. The role of every noun-like word within the clause is defined by its case and its preposition. What that role means depends on the verb to use. For example, every transitive verb accepts two roles: the subject (in the nominative case) and the object (in the accusative case) of the action. For the verb «кушать», that's the one who eats and what he eats, respectively. For the verb «целовать», that's the one who kisses and the one who is kissed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E. g. the clause «&lt;em&gt;которая работает там&lt;/em&gt;» has one verb, one adverb (a word that is attached to the verb and “modifies” its meaning — see “ad” + “verb”) and one nominal word: «&lt;em&gt;которая&lt;/em&gt;». That word is a pronoun, i. e. it has no meaning of its own and stands for whomever you think of, «&lt;em&gt;девушка&lt;/em&gt;» in this case; grammatically, this word is quite like an adjective. Since the thing that the nominal word stands for is the subject of the action that the verb means (“&lt;em&gt;to work&lt;/em&gt;”), the pronoun is in the nominative case. Just the same, if the first clause («&lt;em&gt;Он говорит о девушке&lt;/em&gt;», which has one verb and two nominals) was not there, in the clause «&lt;em&gt;Девушка работает там&lt;/em&gt;» the noun «&lt;em&gt;девушка&lt;/em&gt;» would be in the nominative case, which I believe is a very natural thing to see.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are huge theory books (which I didn't read) about the roles of the verbal actants; above is what is necessary to understand the usage of «&lt;em&gt;который&lt;/em&gt;». That's also useful to understand the Russian punctuation. It's pretty mechanical, a foreigner can easily learn it better than most natives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastActivityDate="2017-01-12T22:12:48.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13825" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13826" CreationDate="2017-01-13T04:59:10.907" Score="3" ViewCount="449" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to know how to say in Russian a sentence like &quot;I'm going to Ivan's home&quot; and &quot;I'm staying at Ivan's home&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8377" LastEditorUserId="8377" LastEditDate="2017-01-13T15:58:59.823" LastActivityDate="2017-01-13T15:58:59.823" Title="How do you say in Russian &quot;I'm going to Ivan's&quot; and &quot;I'm staying at Ivan's&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-01-13T06:21:26.253" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13825" CreationDate="2017-01-13T05:22:13.933" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, we say that, but we don't use the possessive, just a proper noun in different cases, like a common noun.This is quite different from English. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я еду(иду) к Ивану, (compare:к брату).Я остановлюсь(остановился) у Ивана (у брата).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-01-13T05:22:13.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13812" CreationDate="2017-01-15T06:11:18.333" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;парами ртути отравились и умерли 60 мастеров&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Парами ртути (отравились и умерли) 60 мастеров.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Именно так, как сгруппировано скобками, читается по-русски машинально.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В скобках стоят (глагол и его уточнение). Вариации уточнения: (отравились насмерть). Выбор данного глагола потребовал уточнение, когда автор пожелал передать точный смысл картины. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно продемонстрировать, в чём неопределенность у этого глагола, примером:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Парами ртути отравились 60, а умерли 10 мастеров.&lt;/code&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример из английского: &lt;code&gt;A man was (shot to death) == Человек был (застрелен)&lt;/code&gt;. Уточнение &lt;code&gt;насмерть&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;и умер&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;em&gt;to death&lt;/em&gt;, в русском языке не нужно. Есть один глагол, &lt;code&gt;застрелить&lt;/code&gt;, передающий именно этот единственный смысл. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2017-01-15T06:11:18.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13828" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13829" CreationDate="2017-01-15T22:21:37.823" Score="3" ViewCount="534" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you pronounce &quot;лошадь&quot; (horse)? My (beginner) attempt is &quot;lo-sha-dy&quot;, with &quot;dy&quot; that tricky soft y sound. On Duolingo, the pronunciation seems to be &quot;oh-vo-shet&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I mishearing or is there some coincidence of sounds which I don't really understand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8389" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-05-09T23:06:26.890" LastActivityDate="2020-05-09T23:06:26.890" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;лошадь&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13828" CreationDate="2017-01-15T22:26:19.140" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Лошадь&quot; is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C&quot;&gt;pronounsed as&lt;/a&gt; [ˈɫoʂətʲ], there's definitely the ty-type sound at the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Oh-vo-shet&quot; is obviously wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2017-01-15T22:26:19.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13828" CreationDate="2017-01-16T06:46:22.827" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Oh-vo-shet&quot; is certainly curious, but I think I can see how it happened, and, in fact, you've stumbled upon a curious little feature of Russian pronunciation that even most native speakers aren't conscious of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;v&quot; is explained easily, it's what the hard [ɫ] sounded like to you, being as it is quite different from the [l] in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what to make of the &quot;oh&quot;? Without hearing the recording, I suddenly had a flashback to my childhood, when I heard a then-unfamiliar word, &lt;strong&gt;рафинад&lt;/strong&gt;, and from the way it was pronounced by the speaker, wasn't quite sure whether it was that or &quot;арафинад&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a bit of self-testing for what sounds natural, here's what I have. When a word begins with a consonant that is &lt;em&gt;voiced, non-plosive, and non-nasal&lt;/em&gt; (that's [в], [ж], [з], [j], [л], and [р]), and when that word begins an utterance or comes after a pause, sometimes there's a tiny prosthetic vowel in front of it; it doesn't come across as wrong or &quot;uncultured&quot; (in fact, like I said, it barely registers at all), so there's a chance that the Duolingo recording you heard had this ghost of a schwa, &lt;em&gt;[ᵊ]лошадь&lt;/em&gt;, in front of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When we learn the phonetics of a new language, it's hard to tell the regular from the accidental, and it sometimes happens that native speakers don't seem to have an idea what you're talking about. Don't be discouraged. In fact, it's an interesting thing you've spotted there, albeit at this point it's probably not going to be very relevant to you as a learner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2017-01-16T07:00:55.723" LastActivityDate="2017-01-16T07:00:55.723" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13831" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13832" CreationDate="2017-01-16T08:34:36.363" Score="4" ViewCount="408" Body="&lt;p&gt;Например, во фразе &quot;Го в Доту, я создал&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2017-01-16T18:15:22.267" Title="К какой части речи относится слово &quot;го&quot; из молодёжного сленга?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13831" CreationDate="2017-01-16T08:37:20.403" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Го&lt;/strong&gt; ничем по формальным признакам не отличается от &lt;strong&gt;айда&lt;/strong&gt;. Которое считается междометием.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-01-16T08:37:20.403" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13833" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13834" CreationDate="2017-01-16T13:29:46.477" Score="3" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference here? I've seen both&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я мало чего помню&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я мало что помню &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я много чего умею делать &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я много что умею делать &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я много что/чего видел&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When should I use винительный and when родительный падеж? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-01-16T19:20:40.010" LastActivityDate="2017-01-16T19:20:40.010" Title="Мало/ много + что or чего?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13833" CreationDate="2017-01-16T15:25:28.570" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no difference, neither in the meaning nor in style. &quot;Чего&quot; sounds a little bit more colloquial though and is used more often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2017-01-16T15:25:28.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13833" CreationDate="2017-01-16T16:11:30.260" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is about the same as the difference between «&lt;em&gt;я что-то помню&lt;/em&gt;» and «&lt;em&gt;я чего-то помню&lt;/em&gt;», or as the difference between «&lt;em&gt;я кое-что говорил&lt;/em&gt;» and «&lt;em&gt;я кое-чего говорил&lt;/em&gt;». In other words, it's minuscule and very changing depending on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastEditorUserId="8357" LastEditDate="2017-01-16T18:46:56.397" LastActivityDate="2017-01-16T18:46:56.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13836" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13828" CreationDate="2017-01-16T18:12:57.613" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using Russian transcription, лошадь is pronounced [лошад']&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2017-01-16T18:12:57.613" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13831" CreationDate="2017-01-16T18:15:22.267" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это слово - междометие, как и &quot;стоп&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2017-01-16T18:15:22.267" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13838" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-16T18:56:30.827" Score="8" ViewCount="354" Body="&lt;p&gt;Over the last decade words with the root &quot;пиар&quot; (&quot;пиар-компания&quot;, &quot;пиар-технологии&quot;, &quot;пиар-акция&quot;, &quot;чёрный пиар&quot;, &quot;пиарить&quot;) became quit popular on Russian media. In this regard, I would be interested to know differences in use of &quot;пиар&quot; and &quot;пропаганда&quot; or &quot;реклама&quot;, and why words with the root &quot;пиар&quot; become so popular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8365" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-01-16T19:20:12.003" LastActivityDate="2017-10-20T06:02:31.727" Title="Difference between &quot;пиар&quot;, &quot;реклама&quot; and &quot;пропаганда&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13838" CreationDate="2017-01-16T19:08:38.777" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Пропаганда is about view-of-life, it's not about a person or a company. This could be about something like 'our country is the greatest' or 'to be healthy you need to run 5 miles every day' etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Реклама is advertising - posters on buildings or in the transport, banners in the internet etc. It is obvious that a person or a company paid for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пиар also makes a person or a company more known - but in more subtle way. For instance a person may be known for organizing a music festival, or some special party each Valentine Day etc. So, it is not a straight-forward advertising, but a way to get people's attention. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Черный пиар could be some kind of activity to create a negative impression of a person or a company, e.g. there could be a series of articles or mentioning in media that 'they don't spend money on environmental protection' or 'they payed bribes' etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пиар is a Russian rendering of PR (пи-ар) acronym, which stands for Public Relations. As far as I know it has a different meaning in Russian than Public Relations in English. Its a professional jargon among people that are a professionals in promotion and advertising. It become popular maybe because it contains the (new to Russian language) idea of organized activity of making company or a person more known to a wide audience. Before only реклама existed, but it does not cover all the required meanings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пиар has no negative meaning by itself, but when someone wants to say 'they are not so good as they look, they just want a positive image' they say 'это пиар', or 'они пиарятся на помощи бедным' (they help poor just to have positive image, not because they care about poor people) then пиар has negative meaning of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usage of пиар can be traced back to 1996 - as you can see it became very popular during last several years. One of the first printed occurrences goes back to 1989: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Делал без причин, иногда даже во вред самому себе, своему, как бы сейчас сказали, «пиару» или «имиджу». [Генрих Боровик. [Послесловие к книге «Дело Кольцова»] (1989)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fvx1v.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fvx1v.png&quot; alt=&quot;Usage of пиар since 1996&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it is one of the business-related words that become popular in post-USSR times like менеджер, проект, имидж, etc. that can be applied almost to any field of human activity (like art, architecture, technologies, literature and so on and so forth).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, if we look on the examples of usage of пиар in 1990-ies, mostly they are connected with political parties. So, actually, at those times пиар (политический пиар) was a synonym for a &quot;пропаганда&quot; or &quot;агитация&quot; (&quot;предвыборный пиар&quot; = &quot;предвыборная агитация&quot;, &quot;пиар-команда&quot; = &quot;агитаторы&quot;), but those are Soviet words, so usage of пиар allowed to sound modern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However even in those times you can find examples like &quot;после такого пиара клиенты стали обращаться в другой банк&quot;, &quot;Деревня и райцентр не имеют пиара&quot;,  &quot;адвокатский пиар, с помощью которого будируется общественное мнение в пользу обвиняемых&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-10-20T06:02:31.727" LastActivityDate="2017-10-20T06:02:31.727" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13840" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13842" CreationDate="2017-01-16T20:11:09.263" Score="3" ViewCount="329" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want to make a question related to &lt;em&gt;possession&lt;/em&gt;, when is it preferable to use &lt;em&gt;Чей/Чья ...?&lt;/em&gt; and when is it better to use &lt;em&gt;Кого...?&lt;/em&gt; ? Are both options grammatically correct? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8391" LastEditorUserId="8391" LastEditDate="2017-01-16T20:23:37.537" LastActivityDate="2017-01-17T03:18:26.837" Title="Differences between Чей/Чья and Кого" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13840" CreationDate="2017-01-17T03:18:26.837" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чей/чья&lt;/strong&gt; is the only one you can use here. &lt;strong&gt;Кого&lt;/strong&gt; in a possession-related question would be as much of a solecism as &quot;of whom&quot; instead of &quot;whose&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-01-17T03:18:26.837" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13843" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13838" CreationDate="2017-01-17T12:29:19.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The differences of the word's meanings are (with the definitions):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пропаганда&lt;/strong&gt; (in English &quot;propaganda&quot; has exactly the same meaning as it has in Russian):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;state or government lies&lt;/em&gt; (it seems like this meaning the word has gained in recent years, because I cannot remember any example of it in literature etc.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;a systematic, organized complex of measures to spread ideas/ideology to the widest audience possible&lt;/em&gt; (you can encounter occurrences of &quot;propaganda&quot; with this meaning in literature, in historical (like министерство пропаганды в Германии / the Ministry of Propaganda in Germany, отдел пропаганды в комитете Компартии / the Department of propaganda in a committee of the Communist Party etc.) and other contexts (like &quot;пропаганда здорового образа жизни / propaganda of the healthy life style&quot;, &quot;анти-табачная пропаганда / anti-tobacco propaganda&quot; etc.);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пиар&lt;/strong&gt; (almost the same meaning as PR (Public Relations) in English, but often implies a negative attitude and usually is not used officially):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;a complex of measures to promote something, gain popularity usually involving media. Or an instance of such a process&lt;/em&gt;. Can be used about a person, company, product. This has been borrowed from English (PR). Usually:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;it is not used officially&lt;/em&gt;, that is you can hardly hear that a company has a department of &quot;пиар&quot;, generally this is called something like &quot;отдел по связям с общественностью / прессой и т.п.&quot; (literally: the department of liaison with the press, public etc., though in English, as I can remember this is commonly called something like &quot;the Public Relations Department);&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;it does not involve sales&lt;/em&gt;, that is you don't (usually) say &quot;пиар, чтобы продать товар&quot;;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;it has a purpose to affect the general opinion of the audience about something&lt;/em&gt;, not necessarily intended to entice the audience to do something immediately. For instance: a company paid for a commercial on a TV channel, this is called &quot;реклама&quot;, it is intended to prod the audience to buy the product. The company made a big investment somewhere, so that media covered this (or the company paid some journalist so they wrote something about it) this is &quot;пиар&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;реклама&lt;/strong&gt; (in Enlish there are at least two words corresponding to this: advertisement, a commercial)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;a complex of measures to promote something or an instance of such promotion&lt;/em&gt; (like a TV commercial, newspaper advert, web site banner, advert in a bulletin board or on a light pole etc.). Usually this is about goods/services, businesses but can be of anything actually. Though it is very unlikely, that a government or state would be promoting their policy in such a way, which in its turn is done commonly via press-conferences, tv-shows on state-owned or affiliated media etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding your second question about why words with &quot;пиар&quot; have gained popularity I can only guess. I think the reason is alike to one, which is behind the popularity of the words: логистика, менеджер, чернокожий etc. It can be that this words started to be used by people who use English a lot and then spread to other's vocabulary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2017-01-19T03:47:49.360" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T03:47:49.360" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13844" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13847" CreationDate="2017-01-17T18:54:04.823" Score="6" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is this simple sentence I don't quite understand, grammatically;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он думает, ты знаешь его брата.&#xA;He thinks you know his brother.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So based on things like,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ivan's dog = The dog of Ivan&#xA;собака Ивана (nominative, genitive)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that &lt;code&gt;его&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;genitive&lt;/strong&gt; (he 'owns' the 'him/brother'; in fact the possessive of &lt;code&gt;он&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;его&lt;/code&gt;) and &lt;code&gt;брата&lt;/code&gt; would be the object of 'to know', and hence &lt;strong&gt;accusative&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess I would write it as (but probably not standard?);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он думает, ты знаешь брата его.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just want to check these case roles because masc. animate nouns have the same spelling in genitive and accusative cases (minus minority endings).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;code&gt;его&lt;/code&gt; can be a possessive pronoun (genitive of &lt;code&gt;он&lt;/code&gt;) or the accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, my question is:&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Is my assumption correct, that &lt;code&gt;его&lt;/code&gt; is in the genitive and &lt;code&gt;брата&lt;/code&gt; is in the accusative?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2017-01-20T14:01:08.333" LastActivityDate="2017-01-20T14:01:08.333" Title="Знаешь его брата - is 'его' in genitive and 'брата' in accusative?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13845" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13846" CreationDate="2017-01-17T19:42:38.257" Score="3" ViewCount="4731" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the correct Russian spelling of the last name of the US President-elect, Donald Trump? I've seen both &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Трамп&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Трумп&lt;/strong&gt;. Which is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8397" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-01-18T02:46:58.553" LastActivityDate="2017-01-18T02:46:58.553" Title="What is the correct Russian spelling of &quot;Trump&quot;?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="21" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-01-17T21:35:48.663" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13845" CreationDate="2017-01-17T19:58:24.507" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сorrect Russian spelling of the last name of the US President-elect, Donald Trump - Трамп.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8398" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-01-17T20:12:00.783" LastActivityDate="2017-01-17T20:12:00.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13844" CreationDate="2017-01-17T21:33:04.813" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«&lt;em&gt;Брата&lt;/em&gt;» is indeed in the accusative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But «&lt;em&gt;его&lt;/em&gt;», as a third person possessive pronoun, is ever the same and does not change by case. That's a nice quirk in the Russian pronominal system that it is useful to be aware of: 1-st and 2-nd person possessive pronouns are, grammatically, adjectives, just like the similar words in the Romance languages, but 3-rd person possessive pronouns never decline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Update&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;etymologically&lt;/strong&gt;, this pronoun does, of course, stem from the word «&lt;em&gt;он&lt;/em&gt;» (gen. «&lt;em&gt;его&lt;/em&gt;»), which, quite like a noun, declines in cases. In older literature, you would often find that 3-rd possessive pronouns are put after the word they modify, which is, of course, a trace of this origin («&lt;em&gt;сапог его весь промок&lt;/em&gt;»). But now no-one would say off-hand that «&lt;em&gt;я отыскал телефон жены&lt;/em&gt;» and «&lt;em&gt;я отыскал её телефон&lt;/em&gt;» are grammatically parallel, just like no-one would ever utter «&lt;em&gt;я отыскал телефон её&lt;/em&gt;» unless under haste etc, when the word order is influenced by something “extra-linguistical”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastEditorUserId="8357" LastEditDate="2017-01-17T21:50:08.103" LastActivityDate="2017-01-17T21:50:08.103" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13848" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-01-18T15:34:01.687" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2017-01-18T15:34:01.687" LastActivityDate="2017-01-18T15:34:01.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13849" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-01-18T15:34:01.687" Score="0" Body="Questions related to the correct name selection as well as about name spelling." OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2017-01-18T15:34:01.687" LastActivityDate="2017-01-18T15:34:01.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13850" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13851" CreationDate="2017-01-18T15:56:06.773" Score="4" ViewCount="353" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering how to use the -ичк on the English word for 'ball(-y)' (cutesy form). Is it мячк?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8406" LastEditorUserId="8406" LastEditDate="2017-01-25T17:08:35.263" LastActivityDate="2017-02-07T18:32:59.187" Title="How to make -ичк form with мяч?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13850" CreationDate="2017-01-18T16:26:55.997" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;code&gt;мячик&lt;/code&gt;, with &lt;code&gt;-ик&lt;/code&gt; suffix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/8588/what-do-you-add-to-a-word-to-make-it-cute&quot;&gt;What do you add to a word to make it cute?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2473" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2017-01-18T16:26:55.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13852" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-18T17:52:18.050" Score="5" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Chekov's &lt;em&gt;The Duel&lt;/em&gt;, the phrase &quot;almond-oily&quot; is mentioned three times:&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;My dear,&quot; she cried enthusiastically, on seeing Nadyezhda Fyodorovna, assuming an expression which all her acquaintances called &quot;almond-oily.&quot; &quot;My dear, how delightful that you have come! We'll bathe together -- that's enchanting!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;//&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;She uttered these words with great solemnity and was herself overwhelmed by her solemn tone. Her face began quivering again; it assumed a soft almond-oily expression. She held out both hands to Nadyezhda Fyodorovna, who was overcome with alarm and confusion, and said in an imploring voice:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;//&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;We must have a little talk,&quot; Nadyezhda Fyodorovna read in a little note; she glanced at Marya Konstantinovna, who gave her an almond-oily smile and nodded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not a student of Russian, but I am just curious whether 'almond-oily' is a strange or rough translation of a more elegant Russian expression meaning the same thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8407" LastActivityDate="2017-01-18T21:28:56.730" Title="Translation of &quot;almond-oily&quot; in Chekov" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13852" CreationDate="2017-01-18T18:04:31.783" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, actually you can just take the original text and see what is the word. It's actually &lt;code&gt;миндальный&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дорогая моя! - сказала она восторженно, увидев  Надежду  Федоровну  и&#xA;  придавая своему лицу выражение, которое все ее знакомые называли&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;миндальным&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;  - Милая, как приятно,  что  вы  пришли!  Мы  будем  купаться  вместе  -  это очаровательно!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it looks like a bad translation, the translator wasn't sure what will be the best translation so a word with the same rood've been chosen. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now about what this word actually means. &#xA;It's something between being overly sweet and mawkish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;also&lt;/a&gt; a derivate verb &lt;code&gt;миндальничать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-01-18T18:04:31.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13852" CreationDate="2017-01-18T18:07:30.677" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your first citation is a translation of this part:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Дорогая моя! - сказала она восторженно, увидев  Надежду  Федоровну  и&#xA;придавая своему лицу выражение, которое все ее знакомые называли &lt;strong&gt;миндальным&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;-- Милая, как приятно,  что  вы  пришли!  Мы  будем  купаться  вместе  -  это&#xA;очаровательно!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Almond-oily here stands for &amp;quot;миндальный&amp;quot; (almond). &amp;quot;Миндальное выражение лица&amp;quot; &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/proverbs/15766/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;nowadays means&lt;/a&gt; &amp;quot;sweet but insincere expression on one's face&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Миндальное выражение&#xA;Книжн. Неодобр. О сладком, неискреннем выражении лица. БМС 1998, 104.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though, on the other hand, there is a number of examples of usage in Leo Tolstoy's &amp;quot;Anna Karenina&amp;quot; (1878) where this does not mean &amp;quot;sweet and insincere&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его тихие успокоительные речи и улыбки действовали смягчающе успокоительно, как миндальное масло.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His gentle, soothing words and smiles were as soothing and softening as almond oil.  (Constance Garnett, 1911)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;― Если ты хочешь знать мое мнение, ― сказал Степан Аркадьич с тою же смягчающею, миндально-нежною улыбкой, с которой он говорил с Анной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;If you care to know my opinion,&amp;quot; said Stepan Arkadyevitch with the same smile of softening, almond-oil tenderness with which he had been talking to Anna. (Constance Garnett, 1911)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these examples Tolstoy specially emphasizes that smile is &amp;quot;soothing as almond-oil&amp;quot;, so maybe at that time there were no &amp;quot;insincere&amp;quot; meaning in this expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But again, Checkov's Duel was written in 1891, and Russian Corpus has a citation of that time that uses &amp;quot;миндальный&amp;quot; in negative sense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И странная вещь: чем ужаснее и печальнее было в то время положение бесправной крепостной массы, тем &lt;strong&gt;миндальнее&lt;/strong&gt; и слащавее представлялось положение народа в литературе. [В. В. Огарков. Алексей Кольцов. Его жизнь и литературная деятельность (1891)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rough translation would be &amp;quot;Strange thing: while life of poor people become more and more horrible, the literature of that time described it more and more shugary and almondy&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, maybe since Tolstoy times the expression shifted to mean &amp;quot;insincere expression&amp;quot;, and maybe translator kept in mind the Tolstoy's usage examples when came up with their &amp;quot;almond-oily&amp;quot; interpretation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This example also has no negative meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И с добрейшей улыбкой, голосом, который maman умела сделать мягче миндального масла, она говорила ему: ― А знаете, что я посоветовала бы вам попробовать. [Л. И. Веселитская (Микулич). Мимочка (1891)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And with kindest smile, with voice that maman could make softer that almond oil...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I'm convinced that in these texts 'миндальный' means 'soothing'. As for миндальничать - it has a lot of examples dating &lt;a href=&quot;http://search2.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%EC%E8%ED%E4%E0%EB%FC%ED%E8%F7%E0%F2%FC&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;p=6&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;back to 1849&lt;/a&gt; and always with obvious negative connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-01-18T21:28:56.730" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13857" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13858" CreationDate="2017-01-19T12:50:07.683" Score="9" ViewCount="975" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many verbs based on the root &lt;code&gt;-гляд-&lt;/code&gt;, which all mean something similar to &quot;look at/glance&quot; (&lt;code&gt;взгляд&lt;/code&gt;), and are among the most commonly used words of the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of this, they are all blurred together in my mind, despite the fact that they are seemingly not used interchangeably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone have any suggestions for understanding and/or remembering the distinctions between these words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; In particular,  my confusion boils down to the following two &lt;em&gt;core&lt;/em&gt; issues:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; What is the difference between the forms &lt;code&gt;глядеть&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;глянуть&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;глядывать&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; What is the difference in meaning between the prefixes &lt;code&gt;вз-&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;вы-&lt;/code&gt; for these verbs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any answer that addresses only &lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; above would be sufficient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Attempt:&lt;/strong&gt; For &lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; my guess is that the &quot;original&quot; imperfective/perfective pair was &lt;code&gt;глядеть/глянуть&lt;/code&gt;, since &lt;code&gt;-нуть&lt;/code&gt; seems to be a perfectivizing suffix. But then for some reason, instead of simply appending prefixes to this same imperfective/perfective pair, in some of the derived verbs, the &lt;code&gt;глядеть&lt;/code&gt; was used as the perfective form, thus requiring the creation of a &lt;em&gt;lexeme&lt;/em&gt; which was an imperfectivized version: &lt;code&gt;глядывать&lt;/code&gt; (note that I am deliberately saying &lt;em&gt;lexeme&lt;/em&gt;, and not word).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus there seem, in general, to be two types of imperfective/perfective pairs associated with the root &lt;code&gt;гляд&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;code&gt;(prefix)+глядывать/(prefix)+глядеть&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;(prefix)+глядеть/(prefix)+глянуть&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, for &lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; I genuinely have no idea. The noun &lt;code&gt;взгляд&lt;/code&gt; seems to mean &lt;em&gt;exactly&lt;/em&gt; the same thing as the root &lt;code&gt;-гляд-&lt;/code&gt;, so I do not see at all how turning &lt;code&gt;взгляд&lt;/code&gt; into the verbs &lt;code&gt;взглядывать/взглянуть&lt;/code&gt; adds anything in terms of meaning compared to the original &lt;code&gt;глядеть/глянуть&lt;/code&gt;. (Also the imperfective/perfective pair &lt;code&gt;взглядывать/взглянуть&lt;/code&gt; does not follow either of the two patterns, &lt;code&gt;(prefix)+глядывать/(prefix)+глядеть&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;(prefix)+глядеть/(prefix)+глянуть&lt;/code&gt;, I identified above, confusing me even further.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, why was the perfective form &lt;code&gt;глянуть&lt;/code&gt; of &lt;code&gt;глядеть&lt;/code&gt; ever necessary if there was already a simpler perfective form of &lt;code&gt;глядеть&lt;/code&gt; built by prefixization (&lt;code&gt;поглядеть&lt;/code&gt;)? Also, in addition to &lt;code&gt;глянуть&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;поглядеть&lt;/code&gt;, which all make sense &lt;em&gt;somewhat&lt;/em&gt; as perfective forms of &lt;code&gt;глядеть&lt;/code&gt;, how or why is &lt;code&gt;взглянуть&lt;/code&gt; &lt;em&gt;also&lt;/em&gt; a perfective form of &lt;code&gt;глядеть&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;according to Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then &lt;code&gt;поглядывать&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C#Russian&quot;&gt;in addition to&lt;/a&gt; just &lt;code&gt;глядеть&lt;/code&gt;, is also an imperfective form of &lt;code&gt;поглядеть&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the &lt;code&gt;вы-&lt;/code&gt; forms make absolutely no sense to me; not only do they not seem to mean anything different compared to &lt;code&gt;глядеть/глянуть=глядеть/поглядеть=глядеть/взглянуть&lt;/code&gt;, but there are &lt;em&gt;all three&lt;/em&gt; forms: &lt;code&gt;выглядывать&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;выглядеть&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;выглянуть&lt;/code&gt;, something which seemingly &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; be impossible, since there are only two aspects in Russian, and not three, but according to Wiktionary, &lt;code&gt;выглядеть&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; imperfective &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; perfective. Even worse, &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;выглядеть&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;выглянуть&lt;/code&gt; are perfective forms of &lt;code&gt;выглядывать&lt;/code&gt;, again &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;according e.g. to Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Most of these words seem to be derived by adding prefixes and the suffix &lt;code&gt;-ся&lt;/code&gt; which in most cases I kind of understand, to the above three forms (note that I am saying &lt;em&gt;words&lt;/em&gt; -- the third is clearly not a separate individual word, I am saying &lt;em&gt;form&lt;/em&gt;, i.e. a &lt;em&gt;lexeme&lt;/em&gt;). Thus there is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;no&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; need to explain all of the prefixes &lt;code&gt;по-&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в-&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;раз-&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;пере-&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;о-&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;при-&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;за-&lt;/code&gt;, etc. and how they apply in this case, nor any need to explain the suffix &lt;code&gt;-ся&lt;/code&gt;. As explained in &lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt;, the only prefixes which I am unable to distinguish in this context are &lt;code&gt;вы-&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;вз-&lt;/code&gt; - neither seem to add any meaning compared to the unprefixed &lt;em&gt;lexemes&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;глядеть&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;глянуть&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;глядывать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="7239" LastEditDate="2017-01-19T14:23:46.320" LastActivityDate="2017-01-20T10:54:44.197" Title="How to remember the differences between all of the &quot;-гляд-&quot; verbs?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13857" CreationDate="2017-01-19T14:25:38.270" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Often one can infer the meaning of the word in Russian by analyzing prefixes and suffixes. Because there are stable patterns.  However, one also needs to consult a dictionary, because there are so many exceptions. To better understand the words from the list, first let's look at the suffixes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-деть&lt;/strong&gt; (as in &lt;em&gt;глядеть&lt;/em&gt;) is used for prolonged actions, e.g. actions that took some period of time.  It's not necessarily a long period of time, but definitely not a momentary action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-нуть&lt;/strong&gt; (as in &lt;em&gt;глянуть&lt;/em&gt;) is used for short actions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-дывать&lt;/strong&gt; (as in &lt;em&gt;глядывать&lt;/em&gt;) is used for periodic actions.  Something that happens a few times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt; is a suffix for a reflexive verb. Which means that the action is performed on itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The guidelines above work maybe 80% of the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATED:&lt;/strong&gt; As for differences between prefixes &lt;em&gt;вы-&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;вз-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вы-&lt;/strong&gt; carries the meaning of &lt;em&gt;out/outside&lt;/em&gt; in general. &lt;em&gt;Выглянуть&lt;/em&gt; - look outside. &lt;em&gt;Выглядывать&lt;/em&gt; - look outside periodically. &lt;em&gt;Выглядеть&lt;/em&gt; - appear to others (kind of outside of itself).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вз-&lt;/strong&gt; carries a meaning of moving upwards, and/or sudden actions; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B7-&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;more here&lt;/a&gt;. But with the verbs using the root &lt;em&gt;-гляд-&lt;/em&gt; it does not change the meaning significantly. &lt;em&gt;Взглянуть&lt;/em&gt; means about the same as &lt;em&gt;глянуть.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Взглянуть&lt;/em&gt; may imply a turn of a head while glancing, or looking up, but not necessarily. Additionally, &lt;em&gt;взглянуть&lt;/em&gt; is by far a more popular form than &lt;em&gt;глянуть&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://search2.ruscorpora.ru/ngram.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;t1=%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;t2=%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;start=1800&amp;amp;end=2010&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;query=%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%2C%C2%A0%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;chart&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to emphasize again that it's important to consult the dictionary, because the general rules above do not fully explain the differences between &lt;em&gt;приглядеть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;приглядеться&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;приглянуться&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;приглядывать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T15:56:15.240" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13857" CreationDate="2017-01-19T16:42:48.667" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all there are pairs: imperfective-perfective.You should learn them in these pairs.Besides it might be useful to divide them into groups:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;general meaning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Глядеть- глянуть&lt;/strong&gt; (to look, glance) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;взглянуть&lt;/strong&gt; (to glance for a short time)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Глянуть-взглянуть -поглядеть are very close, and often interchangeable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Heт, вы только гляньте (colloquial )/взгляните(neural )/поглядите(colloquial village talk)!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;поглядывать-поглядеть&lt;/strong&gt; (to throw glances from time to time-to have a look)the imperfective form can be also interpreted as &quot;watch&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;выглядеть&lt;/strong&gt;- (to look like)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как я выгляжу, ничего?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;inside-outside -in different directions &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;заглядывать-заглянуть&lt;/strong&gt; (to look,glance inside, to make a short visit) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты бы заглянул ко мне чайку попить(visit). Загляни-ка в сумку, что там вкусненького.(inside)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;выглядывать-выглянуть&lt;/strong&gt; (look outside, out of the window ) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;оглядываться-оглянуться&lt;/strong&gt; often with назад (turn back and look) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И некогда нам оглянуться назад.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Оглядываться-оглядеться&lt;/strong&gt;. Most often with вокруг.(to look around)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он огляделся по сторонам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;переглядываться-переглянуться&lt;/strong&gt;( to look at each other, exchange glances) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to try to see something with a certain effort. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;разглядывать-разглядеть&lt;/strong&gt; (to thoroughly try to see) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он долго разглядывал /вглядывался в  фотографию. Это была она.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вглядываться-вглядеться&lt;/strong&gt; (to look into something, often the distance or darkness trying to see )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;приглядываться-приглядеться&lt;/strong&gt; most often to something like surroundings or to someone in order to understand a person's character. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты сначала приглядись, как и что, а потом уже критикуй.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;оглядывать-оглядеть&lt;/strong&gt; (to thoroughly investigate, to study, to get a complete impression &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она почувствовала, что ее оглядывают с ног до головы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But all these verbs can have more than one meaning, so &lt;strong&gt;a good dictionary should be your guide&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T16:42:48.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13857" CreationDate="2017-01-19T17:28:47.877" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;there are all three forms: выглядывать, выглядеть, выглянуть, something which seemingly should be impossible, since there are only two aspects in Russian, and not three, but according to Wiktionary, выглядеть is both imperfective and perfective. Even worse, both выглядеть and выглянуть are perfective forms of выглядывать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are mixing several different words actually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;выглядывал (was looking outside, imperfective) - выглянул (looked outside, perfective);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;выглядывал (tried to see something, imperfective) - выглядел (managed to see something, perfective) (similar to высматривал - высмотрел) - quite rare case, however here the examples of its usage:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Лукавый татарский наездник, Мурзенко, сквозь щели глаз своих, успел &lt;strong&gt;выглядеть&lt;/strong&gt; проводника в лицо и с того времени имел к нему полное доверие. [И. И. Лажечников. Последний Новик (1833)]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Он осмотрелся, &lt;strong&gt;выглядел&lt;/strong&gt; крикуна погорластее, собственноручно взял его за шиворот и приказал связать. [А. В. Амфитеатров. Отравленная совесть (1882-1893)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;выглядеть (to look like) - imperfective only.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This proves that you cannot just reconstruct the meaning of the word based on its structure - you need to use a good dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also Wiktionary entry on &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;выглядеть&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;eng&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2017-01-20T10:54:44.197" LastActivityDate="2017-01-20T10:54:44.197" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13817" CreationDate="2017-01-19T18:06:29.480" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Возможно, это некий вид &lt;strong&gt;риторического параллелизма&lt;/strong&gt;: тождественного или сходного расположение элементов речи в смежных частях текста, которые, соотносясь, создают единый поэтический образ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8411" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T18:06:29.480" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7579" CreationDate="2017-01-19T20:01:10.880" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am speaking from my own experience, and only about the commas. Also, I am speaking in the most general way – which I still find useful, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main difference is that in Russian, punctuation is made according to how one's thought is built, and in English, it is made according to how one's thought is expressed. That is, in Russian the thought is divided in blocks according to the importance of its components for the completion of minimal ideas (correlations between things), and in English, such correlations are divided in blocks according to the importance of its blocks for the attention of the listener. In Russian, punctuation separates &lt;strong&gt;statements of correlation between things&lt;/strong&gt;, and in English, it separates &lt;strong&gt;units of the reader's attention&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, the comma after “in English”, like in the previous sentence, is desirable in English and forbidden in Russian. The word “in English” is absolutely a part of the correlation that is named by the verb “separates”, and thus it couldn't be separated from the verb, if the text was in Russian. All other rules work like that, too. Say, the initial phrase in a letter (“Hi John!”) does not contain just one correlation of things (the address and the greeting are not a statement of correlation, as “hi” is no verb, and therefore we have two such “statements”), but it is still the same unit of attention, so it deserves no comma in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I find the same reason for the fact that the English punctuation is less strict: how one's thought is composed from the constituent ideas (one could say, propositions) is a more strict matter than how one's attention is divided over it. The second question permits a lot of leeway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For completeness of the answer: most Russians punctuate their texts the English way, anyway. That's most annoying and sometimes hinders communication, but that's how it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastActivityDate="2017-01-19T20:01:10.880" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-12-04T16:28:00.620" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1945" CreationDate="2017-01-20T03:05:43.053" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;По-моему, в таких рекламных текстах самое главное значение “user experience” – это «что-то очень хорошее». :) В общем, когда интерфейс надо ругать или хвалить, то говорят о “user experience”… Потому что, понятное дело, интерфейс ругают или хвалят за интуитивность: насколько представления пользователя о выполнении задачи соответствуют тому, что программа реально делает… Воспоминания о таком соответствии или несоответствии — это и есть “experience”… Русского слова нет – есть только приближения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Философские» вещи вроде овеществлённых воспоминаний (Google: “an event or occurrence which leaves an impression on someone”) при переводе нужно просто опускать. По-русски «опыт» — это что-то такое, что прямо действует на принятие решений; а по-английски — ещё и что-то такое, что предназначено для простого воспоминания или для применения в качестве отвлечённой «идеи»: мысли, которую можно с чем-то сопоставить, куда-то прикрутить, сравнить с чем-то и т. п. Разница даже не в значении, а в предназначении слова: если во фразе “audition day is an enjoyable experience for any seven-year old” (взята из того же словаря) перевести буквально слово “experience”, то всё, в общем, нормально, только непонятно, зачем ребёнок использует этот опыт: какие решения он на его основе принимает. Потому ненатурально. С английской фразой такого недоумения не возникает: ясно, что он будет этот опыт &lt;em&gt;помнить&lt;/em&gt;, и это главное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Следовательно, когда надо переводить такие тексты, надо говорить о том, что есть, то есть об интерфейсе, о его интуитивности, и проч. В крайнем случае – действительно о впечатлениях, хотя они, конечно, – вещь подчинённая. О том, чего нет (всякая философия), говорить не надо. В качестве иллюстрации (предположим, что речь идёт именно о смартфонах):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Экран смартфона-яблочника – вот что привлекает в нём больше всего. Люди не только просматривают привлекательные тексты, графику и видео на экране, они и физически взаимодействуют с экраном-мультитачем, чтобы управлять приложениями (даже если экран – вне поля зрения). …&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Согласитесь, со словом «управлять» связаны те самые положительные ощущения, которые связаны и со словом “experience”. Управляемость! Это хорошо…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastEditorUserId="8357" LastEditDate="2019-06-05T05:07:00.443" LastActivityDate="2019-06-05T05:07:00.443" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13864" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13865" CreationDate="2017-01-20T10:24:14.540" Score="3" ViewCount="237" Body="&lt;p&gt;what is the grammatical difference between &lt;strong&gt;валютный курс&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;курс доллара&lt;/strong&gt; in the following sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) я хочу узнать &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;валютный курс&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. (here, валютный is adjective and курс is a masculine noun)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) я хочу узнать &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;курс доллара&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. (here, курс доллара is a noun phrase in genitive form)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Can we form the 1st sentence like the 2nd sentence and the 2nd sentence like the 1st one?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When do we use the &lt;em&gt;adjective phrase&lt;/em&gt; and the &lt;em&gt;noun phrase in genitive form&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8126" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-01-23T22:15:38.627" LastActivityDate="2017-01-23T22:15:38.627" Title="What is the grammatical difference between &quot;валютный курс&quot; and &quot;курс доллара&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13865" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13864" CreationDate="2017-01-20T11:31:48.107" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your questions are a bit vague, and also, I don't think &lt;strong&gt;валютный курс&lt;/strong&gt; is a phrase that's likely to be used outside of an academic or professional discussion that's more about the notion of currency exchange rate itself than the rate of a particular currency of a particular point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But to try to answer your questions anyway:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can we form the 1st sentence like the 2nd sentence and the 2nd sentence like the 1st one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes and it depends, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Курс валюты&lt;/strong&gt; is fairly common, &lt;strong&gt;курсы валют&lt;/strong&gt; even more so, though again it's more likely to refer to exchange rates in general or in theory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, I was about to say that unlike with the first phrase, &lt;strong&gt;долларовый курс&lt;/strong&gt; is not the same as &lt;strong&gt;курс доллара&lt;/strong&gt;, but then I checked with Google and was surprised. Apparently &lt;strong&gt;долларовый курс&lt;/strong&gt; is seeing some use. This is new and weird to me. It's certainly something I'd never say (unless perhaps I was talking about the rate of some other currency expressed &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; dollars, but the examples I've found are clearly talking about USD/RUB). I'd still maintain &lt;strong&gt;курс доллара&lt;/strong&gt; is the better phrase to use, I'm yet to hear anyone use &lt;strong&gt;долларовый курс&lt;/strong&gt; in everyday spoken language, and I'm tempted to go into disgruntled purist mode and say that it's probably more of that strained artificial journalese that's been infesting everything; but it's probably wiser to seek a second opinion on this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When do we use the adjective phrase and the noun phrase in genitive form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm afraid there are simply no rules, only habits. Russian doesn't have something like the Germanic compound or the Semitic idafah; out of interest, I once took an English noun (&quot;fox&quot;) and found at least thirteen different, mostly non-interchangeable ways a simple compound — &quot;fox&quot; + another noun, as in &quot;fox hunt&quot; or &quot;fox fur&quot; — can be expressed in Russian. (Most are noun phrases involving various oblique cases and sometimes prepositions, but compounding also exists in Russian, to a limited degree compared to English, which however makes it none the less mandatory where it just happens to be mandatory, as dictated by the established usage or precedent. &quot;Fox hater&quot; would require the occasionalism &lt;strong&gt;лисоненавистник&lt;/strong&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some cases, it's not an issue: &lt;strong&gt;автобусная остановка&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;остановка автобуса&lt;/strong&gt; are fairly interchangeable; but these are the exception rather than the rule. If there's any rule, it's that adjective phrases tend to be more fixed and stable: &lt;strong&gt;сахарная вата&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;cotton candy&quot; vs. the ever-so-slightly more ad hoc &lt;strong&gt;уровень сахара&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;sugar level&quot; (&lt;em&gt;вата сахара&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;сахарный уровень&lt;/em&gt; would at best sound like you're being deliberately silly), but then again, the more important fact here is that &lt;strong&gt;уровень&lt;/strong&gt; just happens to be a noun that doesn't &quot;like&quot; adjective phrases where it could do with a noun one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, a noun like &lt;strong&gt;шахта&lt;/strong&gt; is very noun-phrase-phobic, with a single notable exception that proves the rule. &quot;Coal mine&quot;, &quot;gold mine&quot;, &quot;uranium mine&quot; would be &lt;strong&gt;угольная шахта&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;золотая шахта&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;урановая шахта&lt;/strong&gt;; &lt;em&gt;шахта угля&lt;/em&gt;, etc. would be weird without even being funny. And the exception is &lt;strong&gt;шахта лифта&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;elevator shaft&quot;; again, &lt;em&gt;лифтовая шахта&lt;/em&gt; isn't something one would even think of saying. Similar to the whole ordeal of Russian stressed syllables, there are so many implicit rules here that it's actually simpler to say there are no rules, and you have to find out and follow established usage to be able to decide whether it will be an adjective phrase, a noun phrase, or the occasional compound. Just like, I'm afraid, with the famous and dreaded Chinese counting words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2017-01-20T11:37:22.173" LastActivityDate="2017-01-20T11:37:22.173" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13864" CreationDate="2017-01-20T11:42:22.143" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The same as between &quot;the exchange rate&quot; and &quot;the rate of exchange&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2017-01-20T11:42:22.143" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13868" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13872" CreationDate="2017-01-20T19:37:01.753" Score="5" ViewCount="881" Body="&lt;p&gt;Интересно было бы узнать больше об истории и этимологии  личных местоимений третьего лица.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Помнится, я где-то читал, что они якобы происходят от слова «оный». Как вы считаете?  Может быть, все как раз наоборот, я не знаю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но как бы то ни было, можно заметить определенное сходство косвенных падежных форм местоимений с соответствующими окончаниями прилагательных. То есть,  всех форм кроме род-вин. женского рода «её», которая на первый взгляд ничего общего  с современным парадигом прил. окончаний не имеет, разве что она происходит от окончания им. падежа среднего рода. Но неужели такое возможно? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В русской литературе XIX века нередко встречается слово «ея»,  соответствующее тогдашнему написанию окончания род. жен. «ыя». Правда, насколько я знаю, в то время оно употреблялось в основном только в письменной речи  и притом исключительно  как форма второго падежа, а, возможно, было время, когда все было по-другому.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Итак,  хотелось бы узнать откуда взялось «её» (и, если релевантно, как оно оттеснило «ея») . Слово «самоё» (т.е. вин. жен. слова «сам») тут при чем?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8414" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2017-01-21T09:04:01.573" LastActivityDate="2017-01-22T01:21:57.383" Title="Откуда взялось местоимение «её» и куда пропало «ея»?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;местоимения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="23" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13869" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-21T12:01:26.053" Score="4" ViewCount="299" Body="&lt;p&gt;Should the O in Russian be pronounced as a short A (like a short A as in English)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8421" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-01-21T21:31:41.947" LastActivityDate="2017-01-22T05:44:08.550" Title="Should the &quot;о&quot; in Russian be pronounced as a short &quot;a&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13869" CreationDate="2017-01-21T13:14:20.223" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, if unstressed and if you mean by &quot;short A&quot; both [ʌ] and [ə].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a mainstream dialect which became a norm through the course of years. Still there could be some local dialectal differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-01-21T13:14:20.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13869" CreationDate="2017-01-21T19:56:57.510" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;To be more precise, after non-palatalized consonant pronunciation of unstressed &quot;o&quot; is reduced, this is called &lt;code&gt;аканье&lt;/code&gt; (akanye) in Russian, it's quite an old phenomena which can be tracked back for at least 500 years. There's an article from wikipedia about this, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akanye&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; particular quote is relevant:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In Russian (except for Northern dialects), /o/ and /a/ phonetically&#xA;  merge in unstressed positions. If not preceded by a palatalized (soft)&#xA;  consonant, these phonemes give [ɐ] (sometimes also transcribed as [ʌ])&#xA;  in the syllable immediately before the stress and in absolute&#xA;  word-initial position.[6] In other unstressed locations, non-softened&#xA;  /o/ and /a/ are further reduced towards a short, poorly enunciated&#xA;  [ə]. After soft consonants, unstressed /o/ and /a/ are pronounced like&#xA;  [ɪ] in most varieties of Russian (see vowel reduction in Russian for&#xA;  details); this reduction is not considered a manifestation of akanye.&#xA;  Unlike Belarusian akanne, Russian akanye does not affect softened&#xA;  vowels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side node, actually in English we can encounter sort of same thing in a lot of dialects where, say, &quot;stop&quot; is pronounced as [stʌp].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-01-22T05:44:08.550" LastActivityDate="2017-01-22T05:44:08.550" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13868" CreationDate="2017-01-21T21:49:49.130" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сведу всю вышеупомянутую информацию в один ответ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В праславянском языке не было личных местоимений 3-го лица, их роль выполняли различные указательные местоимения, самыми распространёнными из которых были &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;тъ&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;та&lt;/strong&gt;), склонявшиеся как &lt;strong&gt;того&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;тому&lt;/strong&gt;, и т. д.;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;онъ&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;оно&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;она&lt;/strong&gt;), склонявшиеся как &lt;strong&gt;оного&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;оному&lt;/strong&gt;, и т. д.;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;*и&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;*ѥ&lt;/strong&gt; [*je], &lt;strong&gt;*ꙗ&lt;/strong&gt; [*ja]), склонявшиеся как &lt;strong&gt;ѥго&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ѥму&lt;/strong&gt;, и т. д.;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очень рано, похоже, что ещё в позднепраславянскую эпоху, местоимения &lt;strong&gt;онъ&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;*и&lt;/strong&gt;, употреблявшиеся в одном значении, сливаются, образуя новое супплетивное местоимение, именительный падеж всех родов и чисел местоимения &lt;strong&gt;*и&lt;/strong&gt; полностью перестаёт употребляться и заменяется именительным падежом местоимения &lt;strong&gt;онъ&lt;/strong&gt; (ед. ч.: м. р. &lt;strong&gt;онъ&lt;/strong&gt;, ср. р. &lt;strong&gt;оно&lt;/strong&gt;, ж. р. &lt;strong&gt;она&lt;/strong&gt;, мн. ч. м. р. &lt;strong&gt;они&lt;/strong&gt;), остальные же падежи это новое местоимение сохраняет от &lt;strong&gt;*и&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;ѥго&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ѥму&lt;/strong&gt;, и т. д.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Именительный падеж от &lt;strong&gt;*и&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;*ѥ&lt;/strong&gt; [*je], &lt;strong&gt;*ꙗ&lt;/strong&gt; [*ja]) исчез так давно, что ни в каких письменных источниках он не зарегистрирован, его можно увидеть лишь в сочетании с частицей -же: иже (ѥже, ꙗже) – «который (которое, которая)». С другой стороны, &lt;strong&gt;онъ&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;оно&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;она&lt;/strong&gt;) в значении личного местоимения стал отличаться ударением от того же местоимения в значении указательного, личное: онó, онá; указательное: óно, óна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В старославянском личное местоимение ж. р. в им. п. было &lt;strong&gt;*ꙗ&lt;/strong&gt; [*ja], вин. п. - ѭ [jǫ], что должно было бы дать совр. *ю (что в точности соответствовало бы совр. окончаниям прилагательных: &lt;em&gt;велику-&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;), но оно не сохранилось, вместо него с развитием категории одушевленность-неодушевленность стал использовался род. п. этого же местоимения, ѥѩ [jeję], который и дал &lt;strong&gt;ея&lt;/strong&gt;. Именно эту форму и использовал русский литературный письменный язык, ориентировавшийся на старославянскую/церковнославянскую орфографию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В устной речи, однако, издревле, примерно с XII-XIII в. использовалась форма &lt;strong&gt;её&lt;/strong&gt;. Дело в том, что в общевосточнославянском языке род. п. от &lt;strong&gt;*ꙗ&lt;/strong&gt; [*ja] был не ѥѩ [jeję], а &lt;strong&gt;ѥѣ&lt;/strong&gt; [jejě]. Очень рано [ě] перешло в [e], которое в свою очередь было заменено на [о] по аналогии с твёрдыми вариантами склонения существительных и местоимений, так под влиянием &lt;em&gt;то&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;оно&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;само&lt;/em&gt; возникают формы [mo'jo], [tvo'jo], [vsʲo], ср. украинские &lt;em&gt;моє&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;твоє&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;все&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Реформа правописания 1918 года всё поставила на свои места, мёртвое церковнославянское &lt;strong&gt;ея&lt;/strong&gt; было отменено, а живое русское &lt;strong&gt;её&lt;/strong&gt; стало орфографической нормой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сходство падежных окончаний прилагательных с формами косвенных падежей местоимений 3-го лица объясняется тем, что к прилагательным в краткой форме добавлялись личные местоимения 3-го лица, образовывая определённую форму прилагательных, как бы с определённым артиклем, это называется &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8C#.D0.9C.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B5_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.8C.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B5&quot;&gt;местоименные прилагательные&lt;/a&gt;, другое название – членные прилагательные, от них и происходят современные русские полные прилагательные.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;——————————————————————————&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;О происхождении формы &lt;strong&gt;её&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://mling.ru/iazik/russe/gramm_hist.pdf&quot;&gt;можно почитать&lt;/a&gt; в книге: Иванов В. В., «Историческая грамматика русского языка», 3-е изд., М., 1990&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– возникновение формы &lt;strong&gt;её&lt;/strong&gt;: §199, стр. 283-284&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– замена [e] на [о]: §125, стр. 184&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– краткие и полные прилагательные, их окончания: §§205-213, стр. 291-300&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-01-22T01:21:57.383" LastActivityDate="2017-01-22T01:21:57.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13243" CreationDate="2017-01-22T05:34:30.833" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &quot;пропа'сть&quot; shares the same origin with a noun &quot;про'пасть&quot;, which means a gulf, a deep narrow hole in a ground. For this reason, I think, &quot;пропа'сть&quot; is not an exact synonym of &quot;умереть&quot;. I would rather interpret this word as &quot;to disappear into nowhere&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think, 'Цветы пропали от мороза' actually means that the frozen blossoms quickly fell apart and disappeared.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8365" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2017-01-23T12:54:52.117" LastActivityDate="2017-01-23T12:54:52.117" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2708" CreationDate="2017-01-22T16:58:46.820" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;What Brian Collins said is not correct. In colloquial Russian, it's perfectly fine to say &quot;Купил бананы?&quot; - &quot;Купил.&quot; ([you] bought bananas? [I] bought.), omitting the pronouns altogether. There's no ambiguity here, it's easily inferrable from the context. However, in written language, you usually prefer not to omit pronouns, because it sounds &quot;lazy&quot;, like you don't care.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8423" LastEditorUserId="8423" LastEditDate="2017-01-22T17:04:10.547" LastActivityDate="2017-01-22T17:04:10.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13879" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13881" CreationDate="2017-01-24T12:46:31.537" Score="9" ViewCount="343" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found it in one choir in Mussorgsky's Хованщина. The song goes like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Плывёт, плывёт лебёдушка, &lt;strong&gt;ладу, ладу&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;плывёт навстречу лебедю, &lt;strong&gt;ладу, ладу&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.; the „ладу, ладу“ is regularly repeated at the end of every line. What does it mean? (And does it mean anything at all, or is it only an interjection like &amp;quot;fa la la&amp;quot; in English?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E: Thank you both. Since they both are very good, I just accepted one randomly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8432" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-02-03T14:35:16.393" Title="What does „ладу, ладу“ mean in a song?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13879" CreationDate="2017-01-24T15:13:22.973" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this song (and in many other folk songs) it's just a refrain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for it's origin there are several opinions what &quot;ладу&quot;, &quot;ладо&quot;, &quot;лада&quot;, &quot;дид-ладо&quot; means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nothing - it's just a refrain, like &quot;fa-la-la&quot; (I guess most scientists agree on this)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is a word ладо/лада is also used in folk poetry meaning &quot;beloved&quot; or &quot;spouse&quot; (Ushakov's dictionary):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ЛА́ДА, лады (нар.-поэт.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;жен. Милая, возлюбленная, жена.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;муж. и жен. Милый, возлюбленный, мужск. Мой лада или моя лада. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this connection makes sense, because лебедь (swan) and лебёдушка (pen)  here are used to tell a &quot;love story&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(rather popular, but incorrect) A refrain is based on a name of pagan goddess Lada (Лада) (or her male counterpart Lado (Ладо)). However most scientists think that this &quot;goddes&quot; was invented based on those refrains, since we don't know much about slavic mythology. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more details see &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)#.D0.9B.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B0_.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.BA_.D0.BF.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.B9_.D1.80.D0.B5.D1.84.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BD&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; (in Russian)&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lada_(goddess)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;English article&lt;/a&gt; is less detailed and says nothing about invention of a goddess name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2017-01-24T16:32:55.367" LastActivityDate="2017-01-24T16:32:55.367" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13879" CreationDate="2017-01-24T16:50:45.877" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately &lt;strong&gt;nobody can tell&lt;/strong&gt; you for sure what the word &lt;strong&gt;ладу&lt;/strong&gt; in the refrain means. It has been mentioned though that it's not connected with the goddess. What is well known is the fact that such refrains are used in three types of folk songs:&lt;strong&gt;spring, summer and wedding&lt;/strong&gt; songs. That means they were devoted to some customs and traditions and were khorovod songs which included some movement to the music. Those words helped the rythm or the beat.Used in other parts of the song the word &lt;strong&gt;лада&lt;/strong&gt; meant &lt;strong&gt;dear, beloved&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-01-24T18:17:46.553" LastActivityDate="2017-01-24T18:17:46.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13882" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-24T23:13:46.803" Score="1" ViewCount="138" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you spell mister in russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8438" LastActivityDate="2017-01-24T23:13:46.803" Title="how to spell mister" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2017-01-25T00:21:32.237" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13883" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13884" CreationDate="2017-01-25T11:08:20.507" Score="9" ViewCount="4177" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does &quot;подруга&quot; mean girlfriend as in &quot;girl friend&quot;, ie a female friend, or as in &quot;girlfriend&quot;, a romantic interest?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Doing a google image search for подруга seems to be getting matches for both types.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5423" LastActivityDate="2017-01-31T12:57:03.477" Title="What kind of &quot;girlfriend&quot; is meant by &quot;подруга&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13883" CreationDate="2017-01-25T11:34:04.850" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Girlfriend&quot; and &quot;boyfriend&quot; are most usually conveyed in Russian as &lt;em&gt;девушка&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;парень&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;молодой человек&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Подруга&lt;/em&gt; usually means &quot;girlfriend&quot; as well but its meaning is somewhat less suggestive of a romantic relationship than that of &lt;em&gt;девушка&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a male you do not call your female friend &lt;em&gt;подруга&lt;/em&gt;, not without raising an eyebrow. Women, on the other hand, could refer their female friends as &lt;em&gt;моя подруга&lt;/em&gt; (while using &lt;em&gt;моя девушка&lt;/em&gt; would unequivocally imply romantic relationship with her).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to rule out any romantic component in describing your friendship, you should use &lt;em&gt;знакомая&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;acquaintance&quot;) or &lt;em&gt;приятельница&lt;/em&gt; (female equivalent of &quot;buddy&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2017-01-25T12:29:56.617" LastActivityDate="2017-01-25T12:29:56.617" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13887" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13883" CreationDate="2017-01-25T21:25:42.900" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the girl uses this word for another girl, it always means a female friend.&#xA;Used by man, it could have one of two values. Sometimes it's something between. But it definitely describes not-so-romantic relationships.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8449" LastActivityDate="2017-01-25T21:25:42.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13883" CreationDate="2017-01-26T14:23:22.173" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can be any meaning depending upon context: one can use it when talking to others about his girlfriend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When used by males has a connotation of long term relationship or a connotation of age of the couple (say 30+).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5622" LastActivityDate="2017-01-26T14:23:22.173" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13889" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13890" CreationDate="2017-01-27T17:33:20.653" Score="5" ViewCount="232" Body="&lt;p&gt;Например: &quot;He should listen to his mother, &lt;em&gt;for his own sake&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думал, что-to похоже: &quot;Он должен выслушивать свою мать, чтобы спасать себя.&quot;, но это казалось слишком буквально, так как на английском течение должен быть более метафоричный. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6682" LastEditorUserId="6682" LastEditDate="2017-01-27T20:14:05.130" LastActivityDate="2017-01-28T15:37:37.127" Title="How to say &quot;for one's own sake&quot;" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13889" CreationDate="2017-01-27T17:38:24.277" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;В данном контексте я бы перевел&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...for his own sake&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;как&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...для своего же блага&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А все вместе так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он должен слушать свою мать ради своего же блага.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он должен слушаться мать ради своего же блага.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2017-01-27T17:42:22.603" LastActivityDate="2017-01-27T17:42:22.603" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13889" CreationDate="2017-01-27T19:57:27.283" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;В 90% случаев, как мне кажется, вариант, предложенный Дмитрием, оптимален. Я бы только хотел дополнить, что в разговорной речи часто говорят просто что-то вроде:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он должен слушать свою мать себя же ради.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Себя же ради, ему бы слушать свою мать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть слово &lt;code&gt;блага&lt;/code&gt; пропускают. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-01-27T20:14:52.577" LastActivityDate="2017-01-27T20:14:52.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13892" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13889" CreationDate="2017-01-27T20:25:30.997" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Обычно говорят:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;для/ради собственного/своего (же) блага или ради самого себя/ради себя самого. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При этом слово &lt;em&gt;самого&lt;/em&gt; изменяется по родам(ради самой себя/ради себя самой).Можно еще короче-&lt;em&gt;ради себя&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-01-27T20:25:30.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13893" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13894" CreationDate="2017-01-27T21:50:07.473" Score="1" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;My online Russian course gives me two examples of using что-нибудь. Он хочет что-нибудь попить. and Можно мне чего-нибудь попить? Why is the genitive used in the latter? When I tried to parse the sentence I would have expected accusative, not genitive. I see discussions of other uses of чего, but couldn't see how to apply those to this example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8445" LastActivityDate="2017-01-28T06:46:38.617" Title="Use of чего-нибудь" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13893" CreationDate="2017-01-28T06:46:38.617" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use both, the Accusative (written speech) and the Genitive.(colloquial ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Можно мне что‐нибудь/чего-нибудь попить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this particular sentence we can call it the Partitive Genitive which stands for a noun  that denotes divisible substances, for example, foodstuffs like молоко &quot;milk,&quot; and вода &quot;water.&quot; These substances can be measured (e.g., литр воды), quantified (e.g., немного молока) or otherwise portioned out (e.g., кусок хлеба) - hence, the name and the basic notion of the Partitive Genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One expects to use the genitive case with quantifying adverbs like много, мало, немного and in noun phrases where the head noun denotes a measurement, quantity, weight or portion, for example, стакан воды, чашка чаю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The accusative signifies the item itself or the whole item.&#xA;The Partitive Genitive signifies &quot;some,&quot; &quot;a part,&quot; &quot;a little&quot; or &quot;a few.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-01-28T06:46:38.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13896" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-29T05:34:41.577" Score="4" ViewCount="1070" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian surnames ending in -в used to be transliterated for English speakers with &lt;em&gt;ff&lt;/em&gt;, e.g. &quot;Petroff&quot; and &quot;Prokofieff&quot;. Today &lt;em&gt;v&lt;/em&gt; seems more accepted. None of the various modern and historical Romanization systems listed in Wikipedia appear suggest &lt;em&gt;ff&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was this an exception based on the sound's position at word end? I gather there is a phonological case for using the letter &lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;, but apparently doing so is out of style in the age of formal standards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which sort of romanization resulted in the &lt;em&gt;ff&lt;/em&gt; and when was it in use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastActivityDate="2017-01-29T05:34:41.577" Title="When were names ending in -в romanized with -ff?" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2017-01-29T06:53:43.610" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13899" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-30T20:00:03.460" Score="2" ViewCount="256" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am looking for a nickname/affectionate name for a character in a story that I am writing. I was considering basing it upon the word 'riddle' or 'puzzle' Are these the proper translations? &lt;code&gt;Решето&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;загадка&lt;/code&gt;. Is there a diminutive form for each? I tried reading about how to choose the proper suffixes but my understanding of Russian is too limited to work it out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8474" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-12-25T21:44:58.617" LastActivityDate="2018-12-26T19:14:44.173" Title="Diminutive for &quot;решето&quot; and &quot;загадка&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13899" CreationDate="2017-01-30T20:28:25.267" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Решето is a household item - a sieve. Better synonyms are загадка, головоломка, ребус, шарада. Diminutives are загадочка, головоломочка, ребусик, шарадочка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for gender - only ребус is masculine noun, while загадка, шарада, головоломка are feminine nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2017-01-30T21:19:33.540" LastActivityDate="2017-01-30T21:19:33.540" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13883" CreationDate="2017-01-31T12:57:03.477" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to other answers (especially Quassnoi's) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;From time to time old-fashioned peoples (like grand parents)  can use '&lt;em&gt;подруга&lt;/em&gt;' in meaning &quot;girlfriend&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У него есть подруга (He has a girlfriend?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нет (No)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Also when you talking about specific women, you can use &quot;&lt;em&gt;подруга&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in meaning GF:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Итак, Джулия... она твоя подруга? (So... Julia, is she your GF?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нет, просто друг. (No. Just a friend)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Between man and woman &quot;&lt;em&gt;подруга&lt;/em&gt;&quot; can means &quot;GF&quot; or &quot;friend&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Between woman and woman &quot;&lt;em&gt;подруга&lt;/em&gt;&quot; will be always means &quot;friend&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Подруга&quot; it's an undefined state. If you'd way &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Она моя подруга (She is my )&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually people would ask you:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Девушка? (A girlfriend?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cause your relationship isn't clear for them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you want to introduce a woman as a friend, it'll be better to say &quot;&lt;em&gt;Друг&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (&quot;friend&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она мой друг. Мы друзья.  (She is my friend. We are friends)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8481" LastActivityDate="2017-01-31T12:57:03.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13902" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-01-31T19:46:21.410" Score="3" ViewCount="397" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to my non-native intuition, some Russian verbs like несу, передаю, etc. cannot be used with a direct object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;-Что вы делаете?&#xA;-Мы несем ему книги.&#xA;&#xA;-Что вы делаете?&#xA;*-Мы несем.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first statement is good, but the bare &lt;em&gt;мы несем&lt;/em&gt; is not (in my mind, at least). In other words, it seems to me that the verb нести requires an explicit direct object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this true? Are there dictionaries that identify these types of verbs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4267" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditDate="2017-11-21T11:19:24.303" LastActivityDate="2017-11-21T11:19:24.303" Title="Are there any verbs in Russian that must be used with a direct object, i.e. they cannot be used intransitively?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13902" CreationDate="2017-01-31T20:23:13.563" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, to be strict, no, it's not the case. Consider following phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; - Чего это ты делаешь?&#xA; - Да вот, видишь, несу.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See what happens here, person A sees that person B is doing something and asking what exactly. Person B is answering assuming that, while he is answering, person A can get the rest from the context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess way too often it will be indeed clarified (несу книги, тащу мешок etc.) but it's not completely ungrammatical. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-01-31T20:23:13.563" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13902" CreationDate="2017-01-31T21:07:17.403" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Any transitive verb can be used without an object in a certain situation when you just don't name the object,but have it in mind. &#xA;Consider the following situation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы пьёте чай? Что,всё ещё пьёте?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-01-31T21:07:17.403" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13902" CreationDate="2017-02-01T20:22:54.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian has transitive verbs, as many other languages, and, as many other languages, they can sometimes anyway happen without the object. Take есть (eat). It is transitive by nature, but you can say &quot;Я ем&quot; and be perfectly grammatical (pretty much as in English). So it's not the case. &#xA;I can't comment, but the example with несу is highly contextual. Verbs нести, класть/положить and so on will normally require direct object. By &quot;normally&quot; here I understand &quot;always, unless highly specific situational context&quot;.&#xA;To check you can go to gramota.ru, put the verb and see what type of verb is it (transitive or not) by proposed objects in the article. Although it won't say if it's 100% obligatory (also, I imagine, dictionaries don't cover the specific cases as the one with несу) &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;all=x&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;But this (together with the exmaples) will allow you to at least orient in Russian verbs. I hope =)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7097" LastActivityDate="2017-02-01T20:22:54.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13907" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13908" CreationDate="2017-02-02T16:05:41.750" Score="4" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why would the ending &quot;-ого&quot; be used in the genitive of the adjective тихий (тихого) while the ending &quot;-его&quot; be used in the genitive of such an adjective as хороший (хорошего) since both adjectives end in an unstressed final stem consonant being one of (ж,ш,ч,щ,г,к,х)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8464" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2017-02-02T16:18:38.380" LastActivityDate="2017-02-03T19:09:12.887" Title="Genitive ending: why тихий - тихого when хороший - хорошего?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13907" CreationDate="2017-02-02T17:47:12.230" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's consider the group of adjectives with the stress on the stem ending with &lt;strong&gt;г, к, х&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;ж, ш, ч, щ&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;The adjectives with a stem ending in letters &lt;strong&gt;к, г, х, ж, ш, ч, щ&lt;/strong&gt; have the masculine singular ending -ий (маленький - small), the feminine singular ending in -ая (маленькая), and the plural ending -ие (маленькие).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BUT&lt;/strong&gt;:In the neuter singular such adjectives end in &lt;strong&gt;-oe&lt;/strong&gt; after &lt;strong&gt;г, к, х&lt;/strong&gt; (маленькое), and end in &lt;strong&gt;-ee&lt;/strong&gt; after &lt;strong&gt;ж, ш, ч, щ&lt;/strong&gt; if the stress is on the stem (свежее молоко - fresh milk) That's where the difference starts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The group with &lt;strong&gt;г, к, х&lt;/strong&gt; will have the following endings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Долгий, долгого, долгому.&#xA;  Мягкий, мягкого, мягкому. &#xA;  Тихий, тихого, тихому.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other group with &lt;strong&gt;ж, ш, ч, щ&lt;/strong&gt; will have the following endings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хороший, хорошего, хорошему.&#xA;  Горячий, горячего, горячему.&#xA;  Свежий, свежего, свежему.&#xA;  Блестящий, блестящего, блестящему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-02-03T19:09:12.887" LastActivityDate="2017-02-03T19:09:12.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13909" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13914" CreationDate="2017-02-03T08:54:48.040" Score="0" ViewCount="3596" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just heard someone talking about Putin propaganda techniques on BBC Radio 4 this morning...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And he mentioned an expression in a situation where &quot;both sides know they are lying&quot;... but they persist with the thing anyway, and neither side smiles or laughs... presumably this dates from Soviet times.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He applied it specifically to the MH17 tragedy: saying that Putin, RT and all the rest know full well that this plane was shot down by Eastern Ukrainian rebels, but persist with the fiction that this explanation has &quot;not been proven&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was something, possibly, to do with &quot;cow shit&quot; (maybe?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8498" LastActivityDate="2018-09-17T04:27:31.060" Title="Is there a Russian expression used when both sides know they are lying?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13909" CreationDate="2017-02-03T11:05:31.053" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The BBC did &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b050674y&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; a while ago, after which it can officially be considered the Russian language's mythmaker-in-chief. They took a colourless and generic Russian term for camouflage, маскировка, and simply made up some clandestine cultural significance around it. Failing to even translate the word correctly in the process (it does not mean &quot;a little masquerade&quot;, just &quot;masking&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I certainly can't think of any expression that would match the description. &quot;Cow shit&quot; being a gender flip away from an English, and very specifically English, expression for lying, are you even sure Russian was the language in question? But then again, I won't be surprised if the Beeb have let their linguistic imagination run wild again. Now I'm curious to know the details myself, but nothing turns up on the BBC4 website.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I realise &quot;never heard of it, don't trust the BBC&quot; isn't much of an answer, but I'm fairly confident I'm not missing any Russian idiomatics here, and if you provide more details I might at least be able to clear up what they got wrong this time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Tsumiman's &lt;strong&gt;вешать лапшу на уши&lt;/strong&gt; is a good candidate, and the phonetic similarity to &quot;cow shit&quot; is an interesting theory I didn't think of. Perhaps I should've given the BBC greater benefit of the doubt despite their prior record. That said, the expression (literally &quot;hanging noodles on one's ears&quot;) does &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; necessarily imply a situation where &quot;both sides know they are lying&quot;. The &lt;em&gt;speaker&lt;/em&gt; does know, but they don't have to be the person being lied to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2017-02-03T11:41:47.087" LastActivityDate="2017-02-03T11:41:47.087" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13909" CreationDate="2017-02-03T11:30:43.583" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This situation might be described with idiom &lt;em&gt;&quot;вешать лапшу на уши&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. It's used to talk about outright and blatant lie or deliberately confusing statements. Also, &lt;em&gt;&quot;на уши&quot;&lt;/em&gt; might sound somewhat similar to &lt;em&gt;&quot;cow shit&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also slang word &lt;em&gt;&quot;брехня&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, which might be translated as &lt;em&gt;&quot;bullshit&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8447" LastActivityDate="2017-02-03T11:30:43.583" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13879" CreationDate="2017-02-03T14:35:16.393" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Addition:&#xA;Лад – old Russian word (maybe even Slavic word).&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Лад&lt;/strong&gt; is not only about love. &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Лад&lt;/strong&gt; also means peace, harmony, order, consent. All connected with the word &lt;strong&gt;лад&lt;/strong&gt; means something good: verb поЛАДить (make peace, get along (with), get on (with), come to an understanding), adjective ЛАДный (harmonious).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8375" LastActivityDate="2017-02-03T14:35:16.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13909" CreationDate="2017-02-03T14:49:18.660" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually there are plenty idioms meaning &quot;to tell a lie&quot;. I suggest:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Говорить) на голубом глазу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which means &quot;To tell a lie with innocent look&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2017-02-03T14:49:18.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13909" CreationDate="2017-02-03T22:12:40.357" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian expression used when both sides &lt;em&gt;_know_&lt;/em&gt; they are lying, and neither side smiling nor laughing is    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;делать хорошую мину при плохой игре&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;derived from card games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2017-02-03T22:12:40.357" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13909" CreationDate="2017-02-03T22:31:09.803" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the mentioned radio segment, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08cbp1z&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BBC 4&lt;/a&gt; beginning at 1:09. The following words are mentioned:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;компромат (&lt;em&gt;kompromat&lt;/em&gt;) - a short form for &lt;strong&gt;discrediting materials&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;маскировка (&lt;em&gt;maskirovka&lt;/em&gt;) - a fairly innocuous word as mentioned by Nikolay, which means &lt;strong&gt;masking&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;враньё (&lt;em&gt;vranyo&lt;/em&gt;) - which means &lt;strong&gt;lies&lt;/strong&gt;, contrary to what Edward Lucas says the word has no connection to either &quot;bovine&quot;, or to &quot;excrement.&quot;  Also contrary to Edward Lucas, the word враньё does not imply that &quot;both sides&quot; either know about it, or both lie to each other.  It simply means &quot;lies&quot;, nothing more, nothing less.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll avoid commenting on the rest of Mr. Lucas' speech about how &quot;враньё/lies&quot; is a lubricant of life in Soviet Union and Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2017-02-03T22:31:09.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13916" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-04T17:49:00.123" Score="10" ViewCount="2391" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.meta.stackoverflow.com/q/4720/213987&quot;&gt;an issue&lt;/a&gt; with translation of some strings from Stack Exchange login screen into Russian:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/apNYj.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/apNYj.png&quot; alt=&quot;XOXO&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;I've suggested the neutral 'С уважением, команда Stack Exchange' ('WBR, SE team'), but  something like 'Чмоки, команда Stack Exchange' seems more correct (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=xoxo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;see urban dictionary&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any ideas? ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8353" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-03-16T14:42:20.343" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T20:43:04.273" Title="Russian equivalent for &quot;XOXO&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13916" CreationDate="2017-02-04T18:40:24.910" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Чмоки&lt;/em&gt; would sound too sarcastic and out of tune with the rest of the message (which itself is a bit too much of officialese to my taste, not sure if intentionally or not). That's a deliberate mockery unlike genuine &quot;hugs and kisses&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;С уважением&lt;/em&gt; is the safest option here, but if you really want to be a little bit more personal here (and you don't until you rewrite the rest of the message in the same style), something a little bit outdated like &lt;em&gt;с рабочим приветом&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;крепко обнимаем&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;жмём руку&lt;/em&gt; etc. would work too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2017-02-04T18:40:24.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13916" CreationDate="2017-02-05T04:18:22.180" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Но вы держитесь&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Frankly, offering hugs and especially kisses is a strange affair when presented to a person you just kinda failed and whom you don't have romantic or close friendship involvement with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2017-02-05T04:18:22.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13919" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13920" CreationDate="2017-02-05T07:54:14.770" Score="13" ViewCount="1936" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a non-native speaker of Russian, and my given name is Andrew. Is it more normal to call myself &quot;Эндрю&quot;, which according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Andrew&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; is the transliteration of my name, or &quot;Андрей&quot;, which is a cognate (ie an etymologically related word)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5423" LastActivityDate="2017-02-06T11:25:42.360" Title="As a non-native speaker, is it more normal to call myself &quot;Эндрю&quot; or &quot;Андрей&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13919" CreationDate="2017-02-05T08:19:44.523" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you call yourself &quot;Андрей&quot; you'll have tons of questions from everybody whether you have any Russian ancestry. It's typical for non-native speakers of Russian to call themselves with their real names, &quot;Эндрю&quot; in your case. Still, I knew a Vietnamese guy named Ha Hai Tan who called himself &quot;Толя&quot; (it's short from &quot;Анатолий&quot;). When I once asked him why he chose &quot;Толя&quot;, he said, &quot;Well, Tan – Толя, they sound very similar.&quot; )) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, call yourself with your real name &quot;Эндрю&quot; if you'd like to avoid such questions and surprised looks, or choose &quot;Андрей&quot; if you want them, or if you decided to convert to Russianhood. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And actually, &quot;Эндрю&quot; is not a transliteration of &quot;Andrew&quot;, it is a transcription with the Russian letters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-02-05T10:50:22.623" LastActivityDate="2017-02-05T10:50:22.623" CommentCount="18" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13919" CreationDate="2017-02-06T05:06:49.993" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would use the name you are most comfortable with. Andrew is easy to pronounce (as opposed to, say, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCgderdemidiin_G%C3%BCrragchaa&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa&lt;/a&gt;), so the majority of Russians won't have a problem with it. Your name is part of your identity and I don't see, why you should adapt it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1640" LastActivityDate="2017-02-06T05:06:49.993" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13923" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-06T09:48:42.320" Score="5" ViewCount="1456" Body="&lt;p&gt;Someone once told me there is a saying in Russian which basically translates to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;There are people, there are problems. There are no people, there are no problems&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know this saying and if so please can you tell me what it is in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8522" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2017-02-12T17:38:25.830" LastActivityDate="2017-02-12T17:38:25.830" Title="&quot;There are no people, there are no problems&quot; - tell me what this saying is?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;&lt;saying&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13923" CreationDate="2017-02-06T10:23:49.553" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть человек — есть проблема, нет человека — нет проблемы.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bibliotekar.ru/encSlov/6/47.htm&quot;&gt;Wrongly attributed to Stalin: there is no evidence that he ever said or wrote something similar.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase from the novel &quot;Children of the Arbat&quot; (1987) by Анатолий Наумович Рыбаков (1911 — 1998). As Stalin said about the execution of military experts in Tsaritsyn in 1918 : &quot;Death solves all problems. No person and no problem. &quot; Later, in his «Роман-воспоминание» (1997), Рыбаков wrote that the phrase Stalin &quot;possibly from someone heard, perhaps, he came up with.&quot; This was Stalin's principle. I just, it briefly formulated.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2017-02-06T10:23:49.553" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13927" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13929" CreationDate="2017-02-06T12:20:07.167" Score="5" ViewCount="441" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, the relationship between &quot;artist&quot; and &quot;actor&quot; is fairly straightforward: an artist is someone involved in some form of creative art, whereas an actor is involved in acting, which is one form of creative art but not the only one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the Russian word &quot;артист&quot; seems to be a lot more narrow than the English word &quot;artist&quot; - my beginner's handout just translates &quot;артист&quot; as &quot;actor&quot;, and &quot;артистка&quot; as actress, most of the google image search matches for артистка are for actors, and the English edition of Wiktionary has &quot;artist, actor, performer&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between an &quot;артист&quot; and &quot;актёр&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5423" LastActivityDate="2017-02-10T09:51:24.153" Title="What's the difference between &quot;артист&quot; and &quot;актёр&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13927" CreationDate="2017-02-06T13:11:02.473" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Актёр&lt;/em&gt; in Russian is used exclusively for theatre and/or movie actors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Артист&lt;/em&gt; is a more wide term which is appliable for actors, musicians, singers etc. Yet unlike in English (and contrary to its Latin root) it's less about &quot;involvement in some creative art&quot; and more about &quot;performance&quot;. So, for example, &quot;artist-painter&quot; is &quot;художник&quot; in Russian and never &quot;артист&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-02-06T13:11:02.473" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13927" CreationDate="2017-02-06T13:16:14.380" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;An &lt;strong&gt;артист&lt;/strong&gt; is whoever appears in front of a live audience: singer, musician, &lt;em&gt;stage&lt;/em&gt; actor, or circus performer. It's uncommon to use the word to refer to &lt;em&gt;screen&lt;/em&gt; actors (or, for people who combine theatre and film work, to use it when specifically discussing their film career).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So we can say that a subset of &lt;strong&gt;актёр&lt;/strong&gt; is also a subset of &lt;strong&gt;артист&lt;/strong&gt;, the latter being a much larger set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-02-06T13:16:14.380" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13927" CreationDate="2017-02-06T13:47:34.327" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Артист&lt;/em&gt; is a trade, someone who acts or performs for a living. In wider meaning, it's anyone capable of good acting, has an acting talent. The main difference from the English &quot;artist&quot; is that the Russian term implies live performance, so it's not applicable to, say, a painter, architect or a fashion designer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Актёр&lt;/em&gt; is anyone who is acting in a movie or on the stage (but not a musician, magician or the like, so it's closer to English &quot;actor&quot;). If a person is acting badly in their kid's school play for the only reason it's their turn to act, they are &lt;em&gt;актёр&lt;/em&gt; but hardly &lt;em&gt;артист&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feminine form, though, is almost always &lt;em&gt;актриса&lt;/em&gt; in both senses, except in set phrases like &lt;em&gt;народная артистка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2017-02-06T14:43:50.540" LastActivityDate="2017-02-06T14:43:50.540" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13931" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-06T21:07:30.947" Score="3" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;What will тихая ночь be in feminine instrumentalis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/morph.cgi?flags=endnnnnn&amp;amp;root=config&amp;amp;word=%F2%E8%F5%E0%FF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/morph.cgi?flags=endnnnnn&amp;amp;root=config&amp;amp;word=%F2%E8%F5%E0%FF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8527" LastEditorUserId="8527" LastEditDate="2017-02-06T21:15:40.307" LastActivityDate="2017-02-08T07:48:07.307" Title="тихая in fem.+instrumentalis?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2863" CreationDate="2017-02-07T08:37:40.497" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Самая простая конструкция, передающая смысл: &quot;both ... and practical&quot;, где первым вставляется удобное слово согласно контексту. Прилагательные об удовольствии не подходят во всех случаях, поскольку русское выражение тоже не всегда буквально. Сегодня в моем тексте про охранные сигнализации было удобно перевести &quot;both convenient and practical&quot;, когда речь шла об охранных барьерах, замаскированных под уличные фонари. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8529" LastActivityDate="2017-02-07T08:37:40.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13902" CreationDate="2017-02-07T17:45:14.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You seem to be asking two separate questions here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there Russian verbs that cannot be used intransitively? - Yes, plenty. Надевать, снимать, изучать, ощупывать are just a few examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a transitive verb that cannot be used without an object? - Most likely, no. I am struggling to think of one. It seems as if one can always come up with a context where the transitive verb's object will be physically missing but undoubtedly implied. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2017-02-07T17:45:14.727" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13850" CreationDate="2017-02-07T18:32:59.187" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually I would argue that the masculine analogue of the -ичк suffix is -ишк, not -чик. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;мужик — мужичишка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;заяц — зайчишка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;холм — холмишко&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сыч — сычишко&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;мяч — мячишко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Symmetrically, the feminine form of -ик is -иц:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вода — водица&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кобыла — кобылица&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;небыль — небылица&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2017-02-07T18:32:59.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13931" CreationDate="2017-02-07T18:49:03.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It will be &lt;code&gt;тихой ночью&lt;/code&gt; in feminine instrumentalis, &lt;code&gt;тихою&lt;/code&gt; is a poetic form that is not normally used in everyday communication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8530" LastEditorUserId="7544" LastEditDate="2017-02-08T07:48:07.307" LastActivityDate="2017-02-08T07:48:07.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13937" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13938" CreationDate="2017-02-08T00:16:47.993" Score="3" ViewCount="390" Body="&lt;p&gt;My Russian teacher gave me an exercise in which I have to fill in a missing word. The only word available is заказать but it makes the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;Хорошо, тогда я заказать на первое уху, а на второе пельмени&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it should be &quot;я закажу&quot;. But searching for &quot;я заказать&quot; reveals a lot of sentences which start Могу ли я заказать... so perhaps this is just a shortened/colloquial version? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a valid sentence one could say, or is there a mistake in the exercise?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6759" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2018-05-07T14:21:59.700" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T14:21:59.700" Title="Confused by я заказать in a sentence" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="13938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13937" CreationDate="2017-02-08T00:31:39.157" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Могу ли я заказать...&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;May I order ...&quot; Note, that both in English and in Russian, &quot;I&quot; (я) refers to &quot;may&quot; (могу), not to &quot;order&quot; (заказать), the latter being in the infinitive in both languages, because if you change &quot;I&quot; to &quot;he&quot;, the verb &quot;order&quot; doesn't get the &lt;em&gt;-s&lt;/em&gt; suffix: &quot;May he order ...&quot;, and &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; &quot;*May he orders ...&quot;. That's why you first variant, &lt;code&gt;я закажу&lt;/code&gt; is correct, the predicate verb must agree in number and person with the subject (it's &lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt; in your exercise), the variant with &quot;заказать&quot; is definitely wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-02-08T12:43:54.277" LastActivityDate="2017-02-08T12:43:54.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13937" CreationDate="2017-02-08T04:08:34.800" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хорошо, тогда я (заказать) закажу на первое уху, а на второе пельмени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentence is valid. It sounds like &quot;Well, then I will order fish soup for the first course (to start with) and meat dumplings for the main course.&quot; As if you have just chosen what to order and you are sure they have them. It can be the continuation of the previous discussion or doubts what to choose. The verb &quot;заказать &quot; agrees with the subject.I think you didn't understand the task or it wasn't formulated properly. You had to fill in &lt;strong&gt;the proper&lt;/strong&gt; form of the verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Могу я заказать(=Can I order...) на первое уху, а на второе пельмени?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentence is also possible.  It is a polite form using a modal verb plus infinitive. The verb &quot;мочь&quot; agrees with the subject. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я бы хотел заказать...(I'd ike to order)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use any of them and some more to make an order. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-02-10T06:02:16.757" LastActivityDate="2017-02-10T06:02:16.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13269" CreationDate="2017-02-09T16:45:29.863" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It really depends on the level of your relationship with the person in question.&#xA;Quite acceptable actually between very close friends, in my circle at least.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3727" LastActivityDate="2017-02-09T16:45:29.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13927" CreationDate="2017-02-09T23:42:22.397" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;An example where «&lt;em&gt;Актёр&lt;/em&gt;» is possible, and «&lt;em&gt;Артист&lt;/em&gt;» is not is the name of the character in Gorky's “The Lower Depths”. The name refers to the past profession of the character who is now a good-for-nothing; what he did in that profession now matters not. You could still say «&lt;em&gt;он плохой артист&lt;/em&gt;» about him, certainly, but that doesn't matter in the drama. His role in the drama is not to play tricks before the other characters, so he's not «&lt;em&gt;Артист&lt;/em&gt;»; his role is to be a had-been who now does nothing. He is “someone who had a job once”. Which job? Well, an actor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example where «&lt;em&gt;артист&lt;/em&gt;» is possible and «&lt;em&gt;актёр&lt;/em&gt;» is not is a sentence like «&lt;em&gt;Ну, ты артист&lt;/em&gt;», when someone makes some bold move or plays an advantageous (for them) trick in the eyes of the spectators. The word refers to the creative character of their trick, to how they form the reality around the others, most likely by deceiving someone or doing something that other people didn't expect, by doing actually one thing yet showing something else to people. But they don't work as actors and aren't even compared to such (the sentence doesn't mean “&lt;em&gt;you're like an actor&lt;/em&gt;”, rather it means “&lt;em&gt;you did play it strong&lt;/em&gt;”).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think there is any reason to believe the word «&lt;em&gt;артист&lt;/em&gt;» in the meaning «&lt;em&gt;художник&lt;/em&gt;» (an artist of any kind, or even in the most generic sense of the word before you specify the creative art in question) is obsolete, as someone else suggested. This meaning is, indeed, literary; but so the subject is. It is literary to talk of art in the general sense. When a specific profession is implied, the generic aspects are not so important, and specific aspects are more telling for imagination of the users of the language, so another word that implies these aspects is used («&lt;em&gt;писатель&lt;/em&gt;», «&lt;em&gt;поэт&lt;/em&gt;», «&lt;em&gt;скульптор&lt;/em&gt;», «&lt;em&gt;композитор&lt;/em&gt;»).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what is the conclusion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) When talking about plays or reading novels aloud (like on the radio), my conclusion is this: the denotation of the two words is the same, but they refer to different thoughts: either acting as a job, or creating an impression on the minds of spectators.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) When not talking about playing dramas or reading novels aloud, «&lt;em&gt;актёр&lt;/em&gt;» is out of question. In this case, you would commonly find a singer or a joke-monger (someone who tells jokes from the scene, like Altov or Zadornov) to be called an «&lt;em&gt;артист&lt;/em&gt;».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) Also, «&lt;em&gt;артист&lt;/em&gt;» (more commonly, «&lt;em&gt;художник&lt;/em&gt;») has the sense “an artist qua artist, an artist in the generic sense of the word”. To express this sense, these two words are the only thing that the modern language has.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastEditorUserId="8357" LastEditDate="2017-02-10T09:51:24.153" LastActivityDate="2017-02-10T09:51:24.153" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12212" CreationDate="2017-02-10T00:27:01.583" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;By the reasoning in the question, the Latin alphabet, as used for English, has a stroke order, too. If even the Japanese have it, surely the English have it, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, the stroke order as a prescriptive concept has no importance whatsoever in Russian hand-writing. You just do whatever sticks to you naturally. Usually you just write the whole word in one stroke. Descriptively, you might like to study how that happens, but few people would care.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, children might of course have — or not have, that ought to depend on the teacher, probably, — some special written aides that help to learn to write. As I recall, my writing aides weren't quite special and only consulted me on the shape of the letters, and so I never cared about the stroke order. For me, the stoke order is a foreign concept.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A letter's shape is just its image (on the background of the line's guiding rulers) and a note where is the letter's universal “way in”, and where is its universal “way out”. One attaches the “ways out” of the previous letters to the “ways in” of the next letters. How to manage &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt;, I surely worked out by myself, as a kid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastActivityDate="2017-02-10T00:27:01.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13927" CreationDate="2017-02-10T02:59:43.633" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the explanatory dictionary&#xA;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically meaning Артист - a person of any scenic profession (singer, reciter, musician), in an obsolete value - close to &quot;Artist&quot; in English (painter)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Актёр = actor, who stars or acts a part in a movie or the theater.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in a figurative sense they are synonymous, they both mean pretender, simulant, dissimulator. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5448" LastEditorUserId="5448" LastEditDate="2017-02-10T03:07:27.247" LastActivityDate="2017-02-10T03:07:27.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13944" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13946" CreationDate="2017-02-10T06:19:16.513" Score="7" ViewCount="327" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mariano Payeras, a Spanish priest, wrote in an 1822 diary entry:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As a last courtesy our officers said goodbye to all the Russians who saluted us with four cannon shots, hat waving, and gestures, crying out to us three times &lt;em&gt;Vrra, vrra, vrra&lt;/em&gt;, which means the same as our &quot;Adios&quot; [goodbye] according to the interpreter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What Russian word is represented by &quot;vrra&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastActivityDate="2017-02-11T03:41:31.307" Title="&quot;Vrra&quot; is a hispanization of which Russian word?" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;приветствия&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13945" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13944" CreationDate="2017-02-10T07:15:42.300" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hurrah!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Russian Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ура́ — восклицательное междометие, употребляющееся в качестве&#xA;  торжествующего восклицания, выражающего восторг, радость, общее&#xA;  воодушевление, а также в качестве боевого клича. Кроме русского,&#xA;  существует и в других языках (нем. hurra, англ. hurrah (или huzzah,&#xA;  hooah), фр. hurrah и мн. др.) На письме чаще всего выделяется&#xA;  восклицательным знаком.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6223" LastActivityDate="2017-02-10T07:15:42.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13944" CreationDate="2017-02-10T08:08:00.233" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;The salutation  &lt;strong&gt;Ура! Ура! Ура!&lt;/strong&gt; repeated three times (троекратное ура) is a usual greeting in the army used during parades, official meetings and performed by a chorus of military men. While being spoken the reverberation of voices makes it as if several sounds of &lt;strong&gt;р-р&lt;/strong&gt; were pronounced. The interjection corresponds to the English &quot;Hooray! (Hurrah)&quot; expressing joy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-02-11T03:41:31.307" LastActivityDate="2017-02-11T03:41:31.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13947" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-10T16:47:57.310" Score="1" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5aCcg.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/24JfG.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, my Russian teacher never taught me why such things happen... And I've encountered so many cases other than these examples bearing same problems. Can somebody explain when and why this happens? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8543" LastActivityDate="2017-02-10T18:04:25.057" Title="Genitive cases ending with -у(in this case, masculine, singular)?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-02-10T18:20:40.713" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13947" CreationDate="2017-02-10T17:04:41.280" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are so called &lt;em&gt;lesser cases&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;малые падежи&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;code&gt;С боку на бок&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;em&gt;отложительный падеж&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;исходный падеж&lt;/em&gt; (ablative).  &lt;code&gt;Брал меду&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;em&gt;отделительный падеж&lt;/em&gt;, sometimes also called &lt;em&gt;количественно-отделительный падеж&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About lesser cases: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/404/what-are-the-lesser-known-russian-cases&quot;&gt;What are the lesser known Russian cases?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2017-02-10T18:04:25.057" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13949" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-11T00:02:34.363" Score="4" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a construction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... пят(-ь/-и/-ю) [adjective] [noun]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to know which case the adjective should be in when the noun/number are in nominative, accusative, or oblique cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know the rules for 2, 3, and 4 as listed out here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the noun in a nominative construction is in the genitive singular following два or две, an intervening adjective or adjectival participle will be in the genitive plural or nominative plural&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If два is in nominative case, the adjective will be nominative plural when the noun is feminine&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If два is in accusative case, the adjective will be nominative plural only if the noun is feminine inanimate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but what are the rules for 5, 13, 22, etc.?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-02-15T19:21:06.097" Title="Five + adjective + noun — what case is adj in?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13949" CreationDate="2017-02-11T03:57:01.867" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;5 and more need Genitive plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5 or 13 кошек / собак / бегемотов / слонов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if it is a number more than 20 and it ends in 1, 2, 3, or 4, then the rules for 1, 2, 3, or 4 apply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;21 кошка / собака / бегемот / слон&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;22 or 23 or 24 кошки / собаки / бегемота / слона&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do not forget that 1 and all other numbers more than 20 ending in 1 agree in gender with the items being counted, for masculine it is &lt;em&gt;один&lt;/em&gt;, for feminine &lt;em&gt;одна&lt;/em&gt;, and for neuter &lt;em&gt;одно&lt;/em&gt;. 2 and numbers more than 20 ending in 2 have only two gender forms, &lt;em&gt;два&lt;/em&gt; for masculine and neuter, &lt;em&gt;две&lt;/em&gt; for feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you put the whole expression Numeral+Noun into a case other than Nominative, then both the numeral and the noun are in the case you needed, the noun will be in plural if the numeral is not 1 or more than 20 ending in 1, in this case the noun is singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dative Case as an examle:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пяти or тринадцати or двадцати двум кошкам / собакам / бегемотам / слонам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;двадцати одной кошке / собаке / двадцати одному бегемоту / слону&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-02-11T04:26:04.473" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13951" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-11T11:24:15.380" Score="15" ViewCount="458" Body="&lt;p&gt;В романе Пушкина «Дубровский» повествователь,  комментируя следующее письмо, написанное одним из персонажей,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Государь мой премилостивый,&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Я до тех пор не намерен ехать в Покровское, пока не вышлете Вы мне псаря Парамошку с повинною; а будет моя воля наказать его или помиловать, а я терпеть шутки от Ваших холопьев не намерен, да и от Вас их не стерплю, потому что я не шут, а старинный дворянин. За сим остаюсь покорным ко услугам&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Андрей Дубровский.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;говорит:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;По нынешним понятиям об этикете письмо сие было бы весьма неприличным, но оно рассердило Кирила Петровича не странным слогом и расположением, но только своею сущностью&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А интересно, как вы думаете,  в чем именно заключалась  «странность»?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Перечитываю, перечитываю, а я еще ничего особенно старомодного в сравнении с основным текстом романа в этом письме так и не нашел. Такие тонкости, похоже, мне не уловить, а ведь бывают более существенные изменения в слоге, которые даже я замечаю, ну возьми хоть сумасшедший слог, которым написано определение суда страницы через три.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Быть может, все дело в слове «премилоствый»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8414" LastActivityDate="2018-03-07T11:18:34.307" Title="Странный слог А. Дубровского" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13951" CreationDate="2017-02-11T13:46:46.147" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Возможно дело действительно в обращении. Они были &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8&quot;&gt;регламентированы&lt;/a&gt; в зависимости от чинов и прочих заслуг. В частности, в переписке частные лица обращались следующим образом:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ко всем частным лицам — «милостивый государь» (при обращении к высшему), «милостивый государь мой» (к равному), «государь мой» (к низшему).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возможно перенос слова &quot;премилостивый&quot; в конец обращения делал его созвучным обращению &quot;государь мой&quot; (т.е. ставил автора выше адресата), а &quot;премилостивый&quot; вместо &quot;милостивый&quot; тоже делал правильную формулу &quot;милостивый государь мой&quot; размытой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;М. Ю. Лотман приводит такой пример щепетильного отношения к правильности обращения в письме: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вообще, этикет в письмах должен был соблюдаться с большой точностью. Известен случай, когда сенатор, приехавший с ревизией, в обращении к губернатору (а губернатор был из графов Мамоновых и славился своей гордостью) вместо положенного: «Милостивый государь!» — написал: «Милостивый государь мой!» Обиженный губернатор ответное письмо начал словами: «Милостивый государь мой, мой, мой!» — сердито подчеркнув неуместность притяжательного местоимения «мой» в официальном обращении. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastActivityDate="2017-02-11T13:46:46.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2863" CreationDate="2017-02-11T13:54:09.543" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I tried to translate this phrase, I have found 'to combine pleasure with utility'. I like this variant. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8034" LastActivityDate="2017-02-11T13:54:09.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13954" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13955" CreationDate="2017-02-12T04:54:21.227" Score="8" ViewCount="387" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between a университет and a институт? The former is translated as &quot;university&quot; and the latter as &quot;institute&quot; in both my textbook and on Wiktionary, but there's no explanation of the difference, and the two bring up similar images on Google image search.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the answer is specific to educational systems in Russophone countries, that's not a problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5423" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T23:37:29.563" Title="Difference between университет and институт" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13954" CreationDate="2017-02-12T07:44:30.667" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Soviet Union &quot;&lt;em&gt;Институт&lt;/em&gt;&quot; was a single-profile higher education institution. So, for example, if they had all the stuff like math, physics, law, philology, economics etc. they were called &quot;a university&quot; but if only, say, medicine, they were &quot;an institute&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first years of modern Russia many former &quot;institutes&quot; chose &quot;to upgrade&quot; themselves and became &quot;universities&quot; (or &quot;academies&quot;), sometimes really getting many new profiles, sometimes not. So there are not too many of them left now. Therefore the term &quot;&lt;em&gt;Институт&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (except if not related to a higher education at all) is used in two different meanings: (a) a real single-profile higher education institution as in Soviet times, which is mostly dead now, and (b) any modern university which was &quot;институт&quot; about 20-30 years ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="7544" LastEditDate="2017-02-12T18:01:29.197" LastActivityDate="2017-02-12T18:01:29.197" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13954" CreationDate="2017-02-12T13:19:08.513" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Институт, академия и университет are different official levels of certification of a higher educational establishment nowadays. First comes институт, then академия and the highest level is университет.&#xA;Universities are supposed to provide better quality of education and additional educational services and they have more support from the state. They also do more research work. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-02-12T13:19:08.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13960" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13962" CreationDate="2017-02-13T15:43:40.897" Score="10" ViewCount="3113" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russia, the place name &quot;Kamchatka&quot; at some point became a generalized means of referring to faraway, underresourced, or undesirable places (according to a couple of sources, this includes the far rear of a classroom). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When did this usage begin? Why Kamchatka and not Kad'iak nor Ross, which are farther away? Is the reference still in use in the Russian language? Have Kamchatkans objected to this kind of usage of their place name?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="8359" LastEditDate="2017-02-14T04:31:01.447" LastActivityDate="2017-02-15T13:47:46.363" Title="Use of &quot;Kamchatka&quot; to represent any poor, faraway place" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;&lt;places&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13960" CreationDate="2017-02-13T16:39:12.707" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Kamchatka since early years of 18 century was used as a place for sending politically disloyal people to exile. So, in the classroom a teacher sent bad pupils to the &quot;exile&quot; - to the rear seats of the classroom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of using Камчатка as a synonym for any &quot;poor faraway place&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why Kamchatka and not Kad'iak nor Ross, which are farther away? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of 'exile' meaning. There were other far places that were not used for exile, or other ones that were used for more strict punishments (exile and hard labor in salt mines, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is the reference still in use in the Russian language? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know there is no practice to send pupils to the rear of the classroom, however as a reference to the usage of the term in literature, it still can be used as a joke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Have Kamchatkans objected to this kind of usage of their place name?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In those times - no, because it was colonization of Kamchatka at those times (much like Indians on American Wild West). So, locals (much like Indians) could not object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2017-02-15T13:47:46.363" LastActivityDate="2017-02-15T13:47:46.363" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13960" CreationDate="2017-02-13T19:58:35.193" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with Artemix in most things (but not all), just writing my own response to provide more details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, in my opinion, (as Artemix already had said) Kamchatka does not have the meaning of a poor &quot;underresourced&quot; place. It just has a meaning of very faraway place. And (again agreeing with Artemix), when people were sent into exile to Kamchatka, - they were not subjected to hard labor. It was not a prison, just far-far distancing the person from the big cities. See, for example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/lisha-chinov-soslat-v-kamchatku&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;: exiled people were participating in scientific expeditions, or teaching natives literacy. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was not economical, I guess, to keep labor camps on Kamchatka, there existed much closer places in Siberia where there was more police presence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kamchatka as idiomatic expression means - student desks in the last row in a classroom. This assumes that there are at least 6 rows of desks, so from the last row students may not see well the chalkboard, and do not hear well the presenter in front of the board. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though, I don't agree with Artemix that pupils were only &quot;exiled&quot; to the last desks. They may well choose this place themselves because they like it - especially on a boring subject. In the last desks they could do whatever they wanted without teacher noticing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why other more far places not used as Kamchatka: Кадьяк (Kodiak island) is part of Alaska which was discovered approximately 80 years later (Kamchatka 1651, Alaska 1732) and was not much in the public ear to become an idiom. Fort Ross, California (est. 1808) - even later than Alaska and even less in public ear, I guess. And both places are in America - separated by ocean from continental part of Russia. The desks of the last row are not separated from other desks by any aisle, they are just far.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2017-02-13T19:58:35.193" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13960" CreationDate="2017-02-13T20:35:45.610" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will provide my answers for some of your questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why Kamchatka and not Kad'iak nor Ross, which are farther away?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kamchatka is a well known region of Russia. I am sure it will be very hard to find a Russian person who does not know what is Kamchatka and where is it located.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume that most of the people who know about Kamchatka will not recognize such names as Kad'iak or Ross. I had to look these places up in the Wikipedia to see their location, because I did not recognize them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, use of Kamchatka is influenced by the widespread knowledge of the location of this region.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the reference still in use in the Russian language?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?bts=x&amp;amp;word=%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian dictionary&lt;/a&gt; &lt;del&gt;this definition was used only until 1917&lt;/del&gt; (see update):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;КАМЧАТКА, -и; ж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Полуостров, расположенный на северо-востоке&#xA;России.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Разг. В России до 1917 г.: Шутливое название задней парты&#xA;или нескольких задних парт в классе, на которые сажали самых плохих&#xA;учеников. Сидеть на камчатке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it is not uncommon to hear this word used in this definition today.  When I was in school (15 years ago) some of our teachers would use this word often by saying something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hey, Kamchatka, pay attention! Did you hear what I just said?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The modern dictionary of Russian language that I have does not mention &amp;quot;only until 1917&amp;quot;, so it is perfectly valid to use this definition today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6752" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-02-14T20:56:09.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13964" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13965" CreationDate="2017-02-14T01:35:22.777" Score="4" ViewCount="500" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that the two 2-word phrases are only used in negative possession, e.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; У меня не было плохого настроения. &#xA; У меня нет плохого настроения. &#xA; У меня не будет плохого настроения.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the verb declines 'normally' in the positive (if I'm male), as well as other phrases, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; У меня было плохое настроение. &#xA; У меня плохое настроение. &#xA; У меня будет плохое настроение.&#xA;&#xA; Он не был в школе.&#xA; Она не была в школе.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc..., that are not 'possession' types of sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-02-14T02:08:42.830" LastActivityDate="2017-02-14T03:19:40.880" Title="When to use 'не было' and 'не будет' regardless of person, gender, or number" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;tense&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13964" CreationDate="2017-02-14T02:22:18.050" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can see how this can be confusing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он не был в школе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means &quot;He was not at school&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У него не было плохого настроения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is properly translated as &quot;He was not in a bad mood,&quot; but it literally means &quot;He did not have a bad mood&quot;.  In English you can be in a mood, but in Russian you have moods. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, the construction &quot;У него не было...&quot; followed by a noun in the genitive case is the equivalent of &quot;He didn't have...&quot;  For example, &quot;У него не было машины.&quot; - &quot;He didn't have a car&quot;.  And yes, in the negative &quot;было&quot; is always neuter:  &quot;У него не было дома.&quot; - &quot;He didn't have a house.&quot;  Notice that there is actually no subject here: nothing is in the nominative case. These are the subject-less sentences that you see in Russian so often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in the positive it has to agree in gender with the noun: &quot;У него была машина.&quot;  &quot;У него был дом&quot;.  Notice also that the noun is in the nominative case, and thus becomes the subject of the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, verbs don't decline, they conjugate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2017-02-14T03:19:40.880" LastActivityDate="2017-02-14T03:19:40.880" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13966" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13967" CreationDate="2017-02-14T09:03:07.707" Score="5" ViewCount="936" Body="&lt;p&gt;My mother language is Tamil (which considered to be a very old language). While creating Russian language did they got any words or characters from Tamil language?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8553" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-02-14T09:16:15.243" LastActivityDate="2017-03-15T15:22:13.727" Title="Did Russian language brought any thing from Tamil language?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13966" CreationDate="2017-02-14T09:14:13.917" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Obviously nobody created the Russian language, it evolved from Slavic which evolved from some proto-Slavic which evolved from something that we now call &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Proto-Indo-European&lt;/a&gt; language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tamil is not PIE language, it belongs to a widely recognized &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_languages&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dravidian&lt;/a&gt; family. It's an open issue how this family is related to the PIE but definitely the answer to your question is - no, there's not the slightest hint of Tamil influence on Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most famous word &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;borrowed&lt;/a&gt; from Tamil is &lt;code&gt;катамаран&lt;/code&gt; - I guess it's the only relatively widely used Tamil word which is used for describing something not specific for Tamil-only context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2017-02-14T18:21:23.410" LastActivityDate="2017-02-14T18:21:23.410" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13960" CreationDate="2017-02-14T12:53:33.853" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This idiom comes from schools. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is common that a map of Russian Federation is hanged on the right wall of a classroom, when facing blackboard. Because of this Kamchatka is near the desk, farthest from the blackboard and teacher. So Kamchatka became synonym for such a desk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8554" LastActivityDate="2017-02-14T12:53:33.853" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13960" CreationDate="2017-02-15T11:00:12.963" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;underresourced, or undesirable places&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot agree with this sentence. &quot;Камчатка&quot; often has no negative meaning, only &quot;far and/or hard to come area&quot;. It could be district of the township, detached by railways, or residential area of the city which is hard to arrive by the public transport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6938" LastActivityDate="2017-02-15T11:00:12.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13949" CreationDate="2017-02-15T19:21:06.097" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;These rules regarding cases and numbers are mind-numbing. The best way to assimilate these rules is to examine a large volume of sentences and texts so you can see how the rules are applied in context. You'll catch onto it soon enough. I subscribe to Learnwitholiver.com. There are probably other similar online resources, but I'm not aware of those.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3847" LastActivityDate="2017-02-15T19:21:06.097" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13972" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-16T09:42:16.480" Score="3" ViewCount="313" Body="&lt;p&gt;On Duolingo, I just encountered the phrase &quot;Да, доброе утро.&quot;, which it translated as &quot;Yes, good morning.&quot;. Is that considered normal Russian, as if someone were seriously evaluating whether the morning was good or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I checked the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.duolingo.com/skill/ru/Phrases-1/3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;discussion forum&lt;/a&gt;, and while someone asking about this got a lot of upvotes, they haven't received an answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've also &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.duolingo.com/skill/ru/Phrases-1/4&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;encountered&lt;/a&gt; &quot;Да, до свидания!&quot;, which it translates as &quot;Yes, goodbye!&quot; which likewise doesn't make sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5423" LastEditorUserId="5423" LastEditDate="2017-02-16T09:49:11.430" LastActivityDate="2017-02-16T13:48:28.213" Title="Is &quot;Да, доброе утро.&quot; normal Russian?" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;&lt;приветствия&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13972" CreationDate="2017-02-16T10:11:50.517" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It makes no sense as a standalone sentence. One can definitely think of a situation in which these two sentences might sound normal or at least not unnatural.&#xA;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(after a conversation)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ну, до свидания. (well, goodbye!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Да, до свидания. (yes, goodbye!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Does &amp;quot;доброе утро&amp;quot; mean &amp;quot;good morning&amp;quot;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yes, good morning.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-02-16T10:11:50.517" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13972" CreationDate="2017-02-16T13:47:54.653" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is that considered normal Russian, as if someone were seriously evaluating whether the morning was good or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, of course not. But &quot;да&quot; in Russian doesn't always mean plain &quot;yes&quot;. Here it probably stands for something like &quot;Oh, I almost forgot...&quot;. Such usage is quite normal in colloquial speech and is also directly mentioned in dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-02-16T13:47:54.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13972" CreationDate="2017-02-16T13:48:28.213" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;An example where &amp;quot;да&amp;quot; answers a question, not related directly to &amp;quot;доброе утро&amp;quot;. The first speaker is not sure the usual greeting will be appropriate (imagine a phone call to a friend known to work hard on Friday evening). The answer sounds perfectly natural here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Ну как, ты уже выспался (проснулся, отоспался)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— &lt;strong&gt;Да, доброе утро.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Доброе утро.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly (to a departing guest waiting for a cab outside):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Ну как, подъехало твоё [только что заказанное] такси?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— &lt;strong&gt;Да, до свидания&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-02-16T13:48:28.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13976" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-16T17:19:02.800" Score="3" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my favorite Russian podcast, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianmypassion.com&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;russianmypassion.com&lt;/a&gt;, the speaker said the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы говорим &lt;em&gt;баян&lt;/em&gt;, когда кто-то пытается рассказать нам какую-то старую,&#xA;  несмешную (ну, &lt;strong&gt;уже&lt;/strong&gt; несмешную) шутку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm having a hard time understanding the intended meaning of the parenthetical statement with &lt;strong&gt;уже&lt;/strong&gt;. Could someone explain this usage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2017-02-16T17:56:31.100" Title="Interpretation of уже" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13976" CreationDate="2017-02-16T17:31:52.197" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The whole sentence can be translated as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We say &quot;баян&quot;, when someone tries to tell us an old, not funny (well, not funny &lt;strong&gt;anymore&lt;/strong&gt;) joke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The joke may have been funny long time ago, when it first appeared, but now it is old, everyone knows it, and nobody laughs at it anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2017-02-16T17:56:31.100" LastActivityDate="2017-02-16T17:56:31.100" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13966" CreationDate="2017-02-16T19:58:36.750" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found that the word &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books?id=BmJDDQAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT165&amp;amp;lpg=PT165&amp;amp;dq=%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%20%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=KZ_p10aKk6&amp;amp;sig=CeJqgYvNCx2-ADqzzfBXDHVRmX0&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwjo_KGOsJXSAhWmNJoKHYtxA-0Q6AEIQjAH#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%20%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;корунд&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corundum&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;corundum&lt;/a&gt;) also originates from Tamil language, though borrowed through European languages, not directly from Tamil.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastActivityDate="2017-02-16T19:58:36.750" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13979" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13980" CreationDate="2017-02-16T20:31:44.940" Score="11" ViewCount="1574" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have two flash cards giving imperfective/perfective pairs corresponding to the meaning &quot;to return&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;возвращаться/возвратиться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;возвращаться/вернуться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was confusing me a lot, as well as making it difficult for me to remember how to best translate &quot;to return&quot;, so I tried to see if I could find any distinction between the two pairs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary says for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;возвратиться&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;return, come back&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;вернуться&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;to return, to come back (from)  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;to revert (to)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, another dictionary I checked (the DictBox app) said for возвратиться:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;come back return; regain, recover, join; revert&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and for вернуться:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;return, be back, make back; cut back; retrace one's steps... return; come back; get back&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So these two sources seem to offer conflicting interpretations, because the first seems to imply that возвратиться only has a directional/literal meaning of &quot;changing location to return/come back&quot; whereas вернуться has additional possible metaphorical interpretations/connotations, while the second source seems to imply that вернуться doesn't have any metaphorical interpretations while возвратиться does, i.e. the exact opposite of what the first source implies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the difference perhaps that one is unidirectional (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/concrete_verb#English&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;concrete verb&lt;/a&gt;) and the other is multidirectional (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abstract_verb&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;abstract verb&lt;/a&gt;)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are they exact synonyms? Or even if they sometimes do mean the same thing, do they ever mean different things? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, what is the most common meaning/usage of each, and do these most common meanings/usages agree?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; I am aware that I probably would not be confused if I were using better dictionaries. The best dictionaries seem to have entries in Russian, however, and I do not read Russian well enough yet to get much out of such dictionaries. This is one reason why I am trying to improve my understanding of the most commonly used words in Russian, so I can use such dictionaries and avoid these ambiguities -- right now it is something of a Catch 22 situation for me personally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T16:02:31.220" Title="What is the different between &quot;возвратиться&quot; and &quot;вернуться&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13980" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13979" CreationDate="2017-02-17T06:13:22.950" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The perfective form &lt;strong&gt;возвратиться&lt;/strong&gt; has &lt;em&gt;exactly&lt;/em&gt; the same meaning as &lt;strong&gt;вернуться&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;in the same context&lt;/em&gt;. However, &lt;strong&gt;возвратиться&lt;/strong&gt; has sufficiently limited usage: it's bookish/lofty style and it's mainly applicable to a &lt;em&gt;person's&lt;/em&gt; comeback (almost never used with &lt;em&gt;things&lt;/em&gt;). It is much more often found in pop songs than in colloquial speech. So if in doubt, it is always safe to use &lt;strong&gt;вернуть(ся)&lt;/strong&gt;. Maybe the only case you &lt;em&gt;can't&lt;/em&gt; ignore the form &lt;strong&gt;возвратить(ся)&lt;/strong&gt; is its derivative form for passive voice: &lt;strong&gt;быть возвращённым&lt;/strong&gt; (был возвращён, etc. - for both people and things) - it can't be derived from вернуть(ся).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-02-17T06:13:22.950" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13981" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13986" CreationDate="2017-02-17T22:34:38.537" Score="4" ViewCount="307" Body="&lt;p&gt;Привет всем,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does &quot;Че ты паришься&quot; mean? The only information I found on it was from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lexiophiles.com/english/10-words-everybody-needs-to-know-before-going-to-russia-part-2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.lexiophiles.com/english/10-words-everybody-needs-to-know-before-going-to-russia-part-2&lt;/a&gt; which says it literally means &quot;why are you taking the steam bath&quot;. But it also mentions that there is a figurative meaning of the phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering what the figurative meaning is, in other words, when a native speaker says this phrase, what is he intending to say?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8571" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-02-18T07:05:57.193" LastActivityDate="2017-02-18T07:05:57.193" Title="Что значит &quot;Че ты паришься&quot;?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13982" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13097" CreationDate="2017-02-17T22:42:12.987" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literally, with no ornamentation: &lt;em&gt;just look at his face, and you'll understand.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«&lt;em&gt;Морда&lt;/em&gt;» is just a rude way of saying «&lt;em&gt;a face&lt;/em&gt;»: «&lt;em&gt;я ему морду набью&lt;/em&gt;» = “&lt;em&gt;I'll smash his face in&lt;/em&gt;”. «&lt;em&gt;Я сделал морду кирпичом&lt;/em&gt;» = “&lt;em&gt;I made a blank face&lt;/em&gt;” (in response to something). Originally, it refers to an animal's “face” (a cat's, a dog's, a horse's, a lion's, anything), but when attributed to a person, it just means a human face, period. No other connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Price” refers to the possibility of making a judgment. Something is as valuable as it is useful in drawing conclusions. The woman states (by asking a rhetorical question, as you've been told by the others) that the look of his face is worth a lot in this “currency”, as these looks immediately evoke the right impression of him. Maybe, though, she also has &lt;em&gt;other&lt;/em&gt; arguments besides his face to draw the conclusion that he indeed likes to chase women. On this, she appears silent. In fact, she says she doesn't really understand what she thinks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So we have (leaving stylistics aside):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Right, I had no reason to do this. I haven't had a man for a long time. Never since they killed Alberto, and that was a year ago. If I go out with anyone, I would prefer this Russian: I've liked him for quite some time now. There's something about him that makes him stand out among all other womanizers that court the medical personnel. Although he's quite the womanizer, as well: &lt;strong&gt;just look at his face, and you'll get that idea&lt;/strong&gt;. His face is not the real reason, though; what is the reason, I don't yet understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the last sentence, she's probably referring to the reason she likes him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastEditorUserId="8357" LastEditDate="2017-02-18T18:11:18.220" LastActivityDate="2017-02-18T18:11:18.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13406" CreationDate="2017-02-17T23:48:15.903" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule of thumb is that «&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;» adds one thought to another, because these thoughts are just related and need to be thought together. In the basic case, the earlier thought is expressed as a clause, and the new thought is expressed as a clause, too, so we have something in the form «&lt;em&gt;Ваня сделал то, и Таня сделала это&lt;/em&gt;»; that is the case that corresponds to the English “&lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt;”. But actually the earlier thought can be anything, and that thought is often just implied, not expressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that role, the word can be used in a lot of very many places (before verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs…), that case you show is nothing special in this regard. In the case we have here, the additional thought is expressed just by a verb, not by a clause: there was slowing down, too. An example for a noun: «&lt;em&gt;Это и Таня сделала&lt;/em&gt;». Here, the additional thought is that some statement refers to Tanya, too. The earlier thought was that someone else did that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My immediate interpretation was: “&lt;em&gt;I even slowed it down to 85% like you told me – that didn't help&lt;/em&gt;”. Here, the “earlier thought” is “&lt;em&gt;you told me to slow it down to 85%&lt;/em&gt;”. This interpretation doesn't have to be true, because the context, well, is lacking… But I think I explained the mechanics anyway. Look for related thoughts in the situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastEditorUserId="8357" LastEditDate="2017-02-17T23:54:28.647" LastActivityDate="2017-02-17T23:54:28.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13984" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13989" CreationDate="2017-02-18T00:07:25.857" Score="8" ViewCount="1268" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that Russian is a very strong language in terms of word ordering. I like it pretty much. Yet, I came across that the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; changes in past tense sentence inversions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Sentence  : До завтрака хлеб и сыр были на столе.    &#xA;Inversion : До завтрака на столе был хлеб и сыр.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Sentence  : Многие дети были в парке.&#xA;Inversion : В парке было много детей.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do we figure out the change of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;были&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; into &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;был&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;была&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;было&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;? What would we use in first example if they were not same gender of words, but mixed like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;хлеб и вода&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;? Could you please give more examples to make it clear?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that I am just a learner, Feel free to correct me if I have made any mistakes even in my question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user8492" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2017-02-18T10:41:15.947" LastActivityDate="2017-02-24T14:57:55.487" Title="Verb быть in past tense sentence inversions: был, была or было?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;&lt;tense&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13985" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13056" CreationDate="2017-02-18T00:18:44.943" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;One should most likely connect «&lt;em&gt;вот&lt;/em&gt;» with «&lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt;», and «&lt;em&gt;прям&lt;/em&gt;» with «&lt;em&gt;уважаю&lt;/em&gt;». I think you should not connect «&lt;em&gt;вот&lt;/em&gt;» and «&lt;em&gt;прям&lt;/em&gt;» in one unit. &quot;&lt;em&gt;Listen, I respect you so much, but…&lt;/em&gt;”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“&lt;em&gt;Вот&lt;/em&gt;&quot; with “&lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt;” is often used to introduce some statement that is going to be new or unexpected: «&lt;em&gt;я вот тебе скажу …&lt;/em&gt;», “&lt;em&gt;я вот думаю …&lt;/em&gt;”, and so on. Such introduction might also mean that the statement is awkward, and I'm somewhat shy to say it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«&lt;em&gt;Прям&lt;/em&gt;» means that you shouldn't really think he doesn't respect you. The closest explanation is “&lt;em&gt;plain&lt;/em&gt;”: my respect is something plain, there is readily that and that to say about my respect, so don't be mistaken thinking I don't respect you; better listen to what I say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example: «&lt;em&gt;Я прямо не знаю …&lt;/em&gt;» — “&lt;em&gt;Really, I don't know …&lt;/em&gt;” One might also translate: «&lt;em&gt;я тебя прям уважаю, но&lt;/em&gt;» — “&lt;em&gt;I really respect you, but…&lt;/em&gt;”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastEditorUserId="8357" LastEditDate="2017-02-19T20:40:25.857" LastActivityDate="2017-02-19T20:40:25.857" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13981" CreationDate="2017-02-18T01:00:36.423" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means something like &quot;Why are you worried?&quot; or even &quot;Why are you giving a sh*t?&quot; due to informality of the phrase.&#xA;Figurative meaning of &quot;париться&quot; comes from sweating while steam bathing like after hard job and means &quot;to worry&quot;,  &quot;to care&quot; or &quot;to have trouble&quot;.&#xA;Also you can use it like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не парься. (Don`t worry.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я запарился. (I'm tired, I'm worn out or something like that.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У меня запара. (I've got troubles.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5293" LastActivityDate="2017-02-18T01:00:36.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13987" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13984" CreationDate="2017-02-18T01:12:06.033" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can`t comment, so: you are actually missed something.  Both examples are not correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sentence  : До завтрака хлеб и сыр были на столе.     &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Inversion : До завтрака на столе был&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; хлеб и сыр.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sentence  : Многие дети были в парке.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Inversion : В парке был&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; многие дети. or В парке было много&#xA;детей. But second one has another meaning.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sentences most valued word comes earlier. First sentence is about most children while second is more about park. Also it sounds like first about &quot;a park&quot;, while second about &quot;the park&quot;. It`s hard to explain and I can be wrong at this point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5293" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-02-18T07:05:37.343" LastActivityDate="2017-02-18T07:05:37.343" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13981" CreationDate="2017-02-18T05:38:57.980" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a slang sentence for &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Don't worry! It isn't worth it.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; It reminds me of the song &quot;Don't worry, be happy!&quot; There's a more neutral synonym of that &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Не заморачивайся&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; or &quot;Не морочь (себе) голову&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-02-18T05:38:57.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13989" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13984" CreationDate="2017-02-18T06:43:31.177" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the agreement of verb predicates with subjects is governed by rather complex rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;With two or more subjects and one predicate, the general rules are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a)   When the predicate follows the subjects, it is normally in the &lt;strong&gt;plural&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Книга и газета лежали на столе. &lt;strong&gt;До завтрака хлеб и сыр были на столе&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b)   When the predicate precedes the subjects, it is usually in the &lt;strong&gt;singular&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На столе лежит книга и газета.&#xA;  В деревне послышался топот и крики. (Л. Толстой) &#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;До завтрака на столе был сыр и хлеб.&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;  However, the plural can also be used, especially if one of the nouns is in the &lt;strong&gt;plural&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Из соседней комнаты слышались рыдание и крики. &lt;strong&gt;До завтрака на столе были хлеб и сыр&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c)   When the subjects are &lt;strong&gt;persons&lt;/strong&gt;, the predicate is in the &lt;strong&gt;plural&lt;/strong&gt;, regardless of its position in the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вечером пришли Павел и Иван.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When the compound subject includes &lt;strong&gt;много, немного, мало, сколько or столько&lt;/strong&gt;, the predicate is in the &lt;strong&gt;singular&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сколько учеников пришло на урок?&#xA;  Много людей пришло на собрание. &lt;strong&gt;В парке было много детей.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Многие люди ушли рано.&lt;strong&gt;Многие дети были в парке.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When the compound subject includes  &lt;strong&gt;большинство, меньшинство, or несколько,&lt;/strong&gt; the predicate is either in the singular or (sometimes) in the plural&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Большинство учеников было отправлено в лагерь. &#xA;  Большинство этих писем пришло утром.&#xA;  Большинство учеников уехали в лагерь.&#xA;  За дверью находилось несколько человек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note:   When большинство or меньшинство function as independent subjects, the predicate must be in the singular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Меньшинство голосовало против.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When the subject is expressed by a numeral and noun, the following rules govern the agreement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a)   With one, the predicate is, of course, in the singular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прошла одна неделя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b)   With two, three, or four, the predicate is usually in the plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Три мальчика пришли утром.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the &lt;strong&gt;singular&lt;/strong&gt; predicate is used in &lt;strong&gt;impersonal constructions&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У него было два чемодана.&lt;strong&gt;В парке было много детей&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(с)   With numerals from five up, a subtle distinction is made, depending on whether the subject is thought of as an entity, or as consisting of separate units.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first case, the predicate is in the singular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прошло пять минут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second case, the predicate is in the plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пять человек принесли подарки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Five people brought presents. (independent actions by different persons)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the choice is less obvious:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В классе сидело десять учеников.&#xA;  Десять учеников сидели в классе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the choice is a delicate matter, no longer confined to grammar &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;d)   The predicate is in the singular when the subject expresses approximation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Получено около сорока книг.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About forty books were received.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Там работало человек тридцать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About thirty people worked there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(e)   The predicate is in the singular when the subject expresses limitation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Только шесть домов было построено.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only six houses were built.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пришло всего десять студентов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only ten students came.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(f)   When two nouns are joined by the preposition c, the predicate may be either in the singular or in the plural. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Муж с женой пошли на концерт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отец с детьми гулял в парке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-02-24T14:57:55.487" LastActivityDate="2017-02-24T14:57:55.487" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10657" CreationDate="2017-02-18T13:36:32.683" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just translate it into correct Russian as «&lt;em&gt;кажется&lt;/em&gt;»: «&lt;em&gt;мы по ходу не сдали эту лабораторную&lt;/em&gt;» = «&lt;em&gt;кажется, мы не сдали эту лабораторную&lt;/em&gt;» (“&lt;em&gt;I think we didn't pass this assignment&lt;/em&gt;”). This strategy works very nicely for your examples, too: «&lt;em&gt;он, кажется, озверел из-за чего-то там&lt;/em&gt;», «&lt;em&gt;кажется, нас кинули&lt;/em&gt;» are exact matches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastActivityDate="2017-02-18T13:36:32.683" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13991" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-18T20:48:27.013" Score="3" ViewCount="525" Body="&lt;p&gt;My Russian friend is teasing with his name. He says friends call him Danila, but it is not his real name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He told me to substitute one letter in the name Danila to get it right, but I have no idea how and which.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to Google similar names, but I didn't find it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone help me to find which letter do I substitute to find a valid male Russian name?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8573" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-05-27T14:24:22.040" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T10:18:41.940" Title="Equivalents of the name Danila" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13992" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-19T01:42:17.323" Score="3" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;When learning a new word is it important to learn all 12 forms(6cases for singular and plural) as well as the changing placement of stress in the word? Or should I just learn the nominative and my mind will start to fill in the gaps overtime? I need suggestions. I regularly try to be thorough in my studying, however I think in the end I end up not communicating as I should.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8575" LastActivityDate="2017-02-24T19:45:26.377" Title="How best to learn all forms of a new Russian word as well as where the stress needs to be?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13992" CreationDate="2017-02-19T02:13:04.283" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If your goal is communication, it is not so important to learn all 12 forms just like in English it is not necessary to learn all the 12 tenses to communicate effectively.  It's more important to &lt;b&gt;listen&lt;/b&gt; as much as you can to as many sources as possible - TV, movies, live conversation, radio, podcasts. Take notes, hit replay, and repeat what you hear (check out &lt;a href=&quot;http://echo.msk.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Эхо Москвы&lt;/a&gt;- you can listen to podcasts in slow motion &lt;i&gt;and&lt;/i&gt; follow along with a transcription of interviews/talk shows).  Do this for an hour or two every day. You will learn that certain verbs are used in certain contexts, you will hear idiomatic expressions, and you will begin to understand the use of verb aspect.&#xA;After a while, instead of thinking which case you should use before you speak it will come out naturally as you will have heard it spoken before. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main obstacles to communicating with verbs in Russian are verb aspect and verbal prefixes.  That said, you should be definitely be aware of the basics: the different &lt;b&gt;types&lt;/b&gt; of verbs (regular and irregular), how they are declined, the main &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.yearlyglot.com/finally-understand-those-russian-prefixes/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;verbal prefixes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt; verb aspects &lt;/b&gt; - &lt;i&gt;perfective&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;imperfective&lt;/i&gt;.  Learning verb aspects cannot be stressed enough because they indicate if an action was completed successfully or is ongoing (я иду vs. я ходил / сходил / пошёл ). To do this in English we use  auxiliary verbs like “had” and “have”.  I would suggest learning the perfective and imperfective forms of new verbs.  Finally, don't get too discouraged when you start to learn Russian &lt;b&gt;verbs of motion&lt;/b&gt;.  This takes a while to get used to and you will gradually understand with time and practice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For your reference, one of the best textbooks I have come across is &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/052154761X&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Using Russian, A Guide to Contemporary Usage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8501" LastEditorUserId="8501" LastEditDate="2017-02-19T02:37:13.243" LastActivityDate="2017-02-19T02:37:13.243" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13994" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="13995" CreationDate="2017-02-19T16:17:17.533" Score="6" ViewCount="394" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning of the expression &quot;уж уволь,&quot; as found in the lyrics &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hh18AOH6maY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;of this Kino song, &quot;Malysh&quot;&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it something like &quot;G-d help me already&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How commonly is it used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4238" LastEditorUserId="4238" LastEditDate="2018-04-13T04:15:42.347" LastActivityDate="2018-04-13T04:15:42.347" Title="Meaning of &quot;уж уволь&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13994" CreationDate="2017-02-19T16:34:01.027" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Уж уволь, не могу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here it means &quot;Sorry, but I can't&quot;. It is a colloquial phrase and sounds a bit outdated nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a second meaning in this definition &quot;let me avoid to do something unwanted&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;УВО́ЛИТЬ&lt;/strong&gt;, уволю, уволишь, совер., кого-что.&#xA;  1. (несовер. увольнять). Освободить (на время или окончательно) от выполнения каких-нибудь обязанностей. «От должности увольте вы меня!» Некрасов. Уволить с военной службы. Уволить в отпуск. Уволить в отставку. Уволить по сокращению штатов. Уволить из школы.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;2. Освободить, избавить от чего-нибудь&lt;/strong&gt; (неприятного; употр. обычно в форме просьбы; &lt;strong&gt;разг.&lt;/strong&gt;). «&lt;strong&gt;Увольте нас&lt;/strong&gt; от своего посещения… сейчас же.» А.Островский. «-Выкушайте еще чашечку! - &lt;strong&gt;Нет, увольте!&lt;/strong&gt;» А.Островский.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Увольте нас&lt;/strong&gt; от своего посещения…&quot; - Please free us of your presense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;-Выкушайте еще чашечку! - &lt;strong&gt;Нет, увольте!&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - Drink one more cup! - No, thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="551" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2017-02-19T16:39:04.290" LastActivityDate="2017-02-19T16:39:04.290" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13994" CreationDate="2017-02-19T17:46:06.387" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;«&lt;em&gt;Уж уволь&lt;/em&gt;» means the same as «&lt;em&gt;уволь&lt;/em&gt;». «&lt;em&gt;Уж&lt;/em&gt;», just like all other such words, is like an article in English: it is, strictly speaking, unnecessary, but it expresses some thoughts that the speaker semi-unconsciously comes along, that's why it's useful. Just the articles have more rules that govern their usage; the Russian words of this nature are less systematic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, «&lt;em&gt;уж&lt;/em&gt;» does not have to refer to the time of action; it may refer to having considered some thoughts. An example: «&lt;em&gt;уж выслушай меня, пожалуйста&lt;/em&gt;» (~ “&lt;em&gt;okay; but please listen to me&lt;/em&gt;”). Another example in the same line: «&lt;em&gt;уж я не думаю, что Петя мог так легко пролезть в танк&lt;/em&gt;» — the word «&lt;em&gt;уж&lt;/em&gt;» adds some ironic meaning to what's been said. Like “&lt;em&gt;I understand everything, but I don't think that&lt;/em&gt;…”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In «&lt;em&gt;уж уволь, не могу&lt;/em&gt;», the word «&lt;em&gt;уволь&lt;/em&gt;» is a request: &lt;em&gt;don't make me do that, because I can't, anyway&lt;/em&gt;. For its translation as “&lt;em&gt;sorry, but I can't&lt;/em&gt;”, it's the word «&lt;em&gt;уж&lt;/em&gt;» that adds the tone of an excuse. It comes to be: &lt;em&gt;I can't, really&lt;/em&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastActivityDate="2017-02-19T17:46:06.387" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13991" CreationDate="2017-02-19T21:32:59.497" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дании́л&lt;/strong&gt; (Дани́л, Дани́ла) — are different variations of the same name.So I think this is the name you are looking for.Даниил is the name of one of the prophets in the Bible. You need to change the last a into и . Friends can call him Данила,but officially he is Даниил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-02-19T21:32:59.497" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="13999" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14002" CreationDate="2017-02-20T06:59:21.373" Score="5" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need commas around мол?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он говорил, что мол математики занимаются ерундой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-02-20T17:27:20.873" LastActivityDate="2017-02-20T17:27:20.873" Title="Do I need commas around &quot;мол&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14000" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14001" CreationDate="2017-02-20T07:29:59.350" Score="6" ViewCount="2925" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to pronounce and write the word 'Hindustan'. What is the equivalent letter for 'H'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FYI: I am getting into first step of learning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8553" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-10-27T08:12:57.393" LastActivityDate="2017-10-27T08:12:57.393" Title="Equivalent letter for H in Russian?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14000" CreationDate="2017-02-20T07:50:37.467" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian has no special letter for the Latin letter &lt;code&gt;H&lt;/code&gt;, in different words it is rendered differently, you have to consult a dictionary every time a proper name has &lt;code&gt;H&lt;/code&gt;. The main ways it can be written are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Г&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Гималаи&lt;/em&gt; &quot;the Himalayas&quot;, &lt;em&gt;Генри&lt;/em&gt; &quot;Henry&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Х&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;em&gt;хинди&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;хиндустани&lt;/em&gt; &quot;Hindi, Hindustani (languages)&quot;, &lt;em&gt;Хайдарабад&lt;/em&gt; &quot;Hyderabad&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;no letter at all&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Индостан&lt;/em&gt; &quot;Hindustan (subcontinent)&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-02-20T08:26:26.060" LastActivityDate="2017-02-20T08:26:26.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13999" CreationDate="2017-02-20T08:58:15.000" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, usually it is &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/punctum?id=58_421&amp;amp;layout=item&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;separated by commas&lt;/a&gt; (by the way the term you need to know to make googling easier is &quot;обособление [запятыми]&quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;мол&lt;/strong&gt;, частица -Указывает на то, что говорящий передает чужие слова, чужое мнение или приводит свои слова, сказанные в другое время.&#xA;  Обособляется, сближаясь по значению с вводными словами, указывающими&#xA;  на источник сообщения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's another word used in the same context &lt;code&gt;дескать&lt;/code&gt; and it is also separated by commas. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2017-02-20T12:16:11.200" LastActivityDate="2017-02-20T12:16:11.200" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14005" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-20T18:01:32.527" Score="4" ViewCount="286" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the etymology of the Russian verb &quot;иметь&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is its root (&quot;-им-&quot; or &quot;-име-&quot;)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What was the root's meaning originally?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2017-02-20T18:47:52.903" Title="What's the etymology of the Russian verb &quot;иметь&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14005" CreationDate="2017-02-20T18:41:15.057" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a PIE &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/em%C5%8D&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;root&lt;/a&gt; *h₁em- ‎(“to take, distribute”) from which - as you can see from this &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/emo#Latin&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; - were derived among other words, such as: Lithuanian im̃ti, Old Church Slavonic имѫ ‎(imǫ) and possibly Old Armenian իմանամ ‎(imanam). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Slavonic &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;form&lt;/a&gt; *jьmǫ: jęti among other words &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C#.D0.AD.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;produced&lt;/a&gt; &lt;code&gt;иметь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;взять&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;снять&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;изъять&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually there's more - a lot of verbs ending with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;-нять&lt;/a&gt; share the same origin. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-02-20T18:47:52.903" LastActivityDate="2017-02-20T18:47:52.903" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14007" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-21T08:21:34.677" Score="3" ViewCount="222" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do you know of any idiomatic expression in Russian, the meaning or etymology of which is usually misinterpreted by non-Russian speakers? Is there such an expression in Russian that Russian speakers are already tired of explaining to foreigners that the meaning of it or its original meaning is not what they think.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One that comes to my mind is Nikita Khrushchev's &quot;Мы покажем вам кузькину мать!&quot; rendered by interpreters at the time as &quot;We will bury you all!&quot;, which was not really what the expression really meant. Do you know of any other such cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I guess it's a bit off-topic here - sorry about that)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2017-02-21T08:21:34.677" Title="Any idiomatic expression in Russian commonly misinterpreted by non-Russian speakers?" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="8" ClosedDate="2017-02-21T09:47:52.527" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14008" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14010" CreationDate="2017-02-21T11:20:30.993" Score="7" ViewCount="515" Body="&lt;p&gt;What difference, if any, is there in meaning between &quot;фильм&quot; and &quot;кино&quot;? I've encountered кино before, but have just encountered фильм. A machine translation of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; suggests the фильм can mean the physical material used for a film, like in English, but it didn't indicate any other difference in usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5423" LastActivityDate="2018-04-13T03:14:04.313" Title="What's the difference between &quot;фильм&quot; and &quot;кино&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14008" CreationDate="2017-02-21T11:31:29.967" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кино́&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;нескл., ср.&#xA;[нем. Kino сокр. Kinematograph &amp;lt; франц. cinématographe &amp;lt; греч. kinema (род. kinematos) движение + grapho писать, рисовать]:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Искусство съемки и воспроизведения&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; на экране движущихся изображений, создающих впечатление живой действительности; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; РАЗГ. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Помещение&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; для публичной демонстрации кинофильмов (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;фильмов&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.&lt;/strong&gt; РАЗГ. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Произведение киноискусства&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, предназначенное для демонстрации на экране.&#xA;Документальное &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;кино&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (документальный &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;фильм&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;). Научно-популярное &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;кино&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (научно-популярный &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;фильм&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Фильм&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (англ. film — плёнка), а также — &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;кино&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, кинофильм, телефильм, кинокартина:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отдельное произведение киноискусства&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Киноплёнка с отснятым на ней изображением и записью звука&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом мы видим, что &lt;strong&gt;значения слов &quot;&lt;em&gt;кино&lt;/em&gt;&quot; и &quot;&lt;em&gt;фильм&lt;/em&gt;&quot; частично совпадают&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;произведение киноискусства, предназначенное для демонстрации на экране&lt;/em&gt;), но &lt;strong&gt;они не являются полными синонимами&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the foregoing it follows that &lt;strong&gt;the words &quot;&lt;em&gt;кино&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;фильм&lt;/em&gt;&quot; have a common value only in one case&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;a work of art, designed to display on the screen&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;but they are not full synonyms&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2017-02-21T14:40:46.050" LastActivityDate="2017-02-21T14:40:46.050" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14008" CreationDate="2017-02-21T11:58:16.227" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Фильм is usually an artwork and sometimes a medium.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кино can be that too, but it could also refer to a general notion of cinematography or a place where you watch movies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;По телевизору показывают интересное кино / интересный фильм.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пойдем в кино / Пойдем на фильм.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что это за пленка у тебя в руках? Это мой фильм.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Цветное кино появилось в России в 19хх году.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6383" LastActivityDate="2017-02-21T11:58:16.227" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13994" CreationDate="2017-02-21T12:26:11.717" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Уволить (from &lt;em&gt;воля&lt;/em&gt; [will, freedom]) — in modern Russian means &lt;em&gt;to dismiss&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;to fire&lt;/em&gt; but still bears a strong connotation of &lt;em&gt;to excuse&lt;/em&gt;. The most adequate translation of &lt;em&gt;Уволь(те) меня от этого&lt;/em&gt; — may I be excused (rid) of that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While &lt;em&gt;уж&lt;/em&gt; can still mean &lt;em&gt;already&lt;/em&gt; (like &lt;em&gt;уже&lt;/em&gt;), here it is a modal particle and is used to reinforce a statement, playing the role of &lt;em&gt;please, do&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So your expression means: &lt;em&gt;Please, do excuse me (from doing that)&lt;/em&gt;. Or, more colloquially, &lt;em&gt;Let me not be involved already!&lt;/em&gt; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS Check out this useful piece:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://learningrussian.wordpress.com/2008/12/13/modal-particles/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://learningrussian.wordpress.com/2008/12/13/modal-particles/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2017-02-21T12:35:19.407" LastActivityDate="2017-02-21T12:35:19.407" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13979" CreationDate="2017-02-22T01:50:58.257" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A lot of time I see the word &quot;возвратиться&quot; when I read some books and I do not usually use in a daily life a lot either compared to the word &quot;вернуться&quot;. Both words are correct and has a same meaning tho; the only thing is that you should know how to use in a proper way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8591" LastActivityDate="2017-02-22T01:50:58.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13937" CreationDate="2017-02-22T01:56:23.693" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could use that word in a very different way, but in a proper way; otherwise, your sentence looks weird. For example, you could say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я бы хотел заказать .... - this means you are ordering right now&#xA;Я хотел заказать -  this sentence could also be used in a sentence in a present and/or past form, but again it depends on your sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8591" LastActivityDate="2017-02-22T01:56:23.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14008" CreationDate="2017-02-22T14:22:37.437" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Кино&quot; can mean a movie and a movie theater(depends on the context in which it is being used). &quot;Фильм&quot; basically means film or a movie. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8593" LastActivityDate="2017-02-22T14:22:37.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14016" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14017" CreationDate="2017-02-22T14:27:39.880" Score="7" ViewCount="912" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often hear &quot;ели ели&quot; but I haven't still had a clear meaning of that phrase. What does it mean? (Obviously, I'm not talking about &quot;eat eat&quot;). :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As stated in the comments and answers, the phrase I meant was &quot;&quot;еле-еле&quot; and not &quot;ели ели&quot; . &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8593" LastEditorUserId="8593" LastEditDate="2017-02-22T15:41:41.417" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T14:54:56.253" Title="What is the meaning of &quot;еле-еле&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14017" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14016" CreationDate="2017-02-22T14:40:16.550" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most probably you misheard &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;еле-еле&quot;&lt;/a&gt; which means &quot;with great difficulty&quot;, &quot;scarcely&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduplication&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;reduplication&lt;/a&gt; (intensified version) of &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;еле&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он еле-еле идет.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  He's barely even walking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without the context, it's hard to tell for sure, though. There are other, less probable, options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;ели&quot;&lt;/a&gt; (&quot;ate&quot;) as a past form of &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C#.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.82.D1.8C_I&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;есть&quot;&lt;/a&gt;  repeated several times to describe repeated actions:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы ели, ели, ели и, наконец, все съели.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  We ate and ate and ate until there's nothing left to eat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;ели&quot; as a plural of &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;eль&quot;&lt;/a&gt; allows somewhat surreal, but valid combinations:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1343750/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Одержимые новогодние ели&lt;/a&gt; ели празднующих.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Possessed christmas trees ate people enjoying the holidays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Полуживые от голода посреди Сибири они ели ели.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Half-dead from hunger in the middle of Siberia, they ate fir-trees.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;combination of &quot;еле&quot; and one of the above&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Детсадовцы еле ели кашу с комочками.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Kindergarteners were barely able to eat a porridge with lumps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, people choose to emphasize &quot;е&quot; sound at the end of &quot;еле&quot;, but most of the times pronunciation in each of these cases is absolutely the same. You'll need to figure it out from context. Less likely options almost never occur in the real-life conversation between adequate adults.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="81" LastEditorUserId="81" LastEditDate="2017-02-22T15:15:28.400" LastActivityDate="2017-02-22T15:15:28.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14018" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14019" CreationDate="2017-02-23T11:06:27.770" Score="11" ViewCount="1787" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know it sounds a stupid question but in English comics, if someone is calling a woman named &quot;Laura&quot; from afar, you write &quot;Lauraaaaaaa&quot;, with the last letter repeated.&#xA;How do I do the same with &quot;Катя&quot; in Russian?&#xA;If I write &quot;Катяяяяяяя&quot; it seems like I am saying &quot;Katyayayayaya&quot; instead of &quot;Katyaaaaaaa&quot;.&#xA;How do you do that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-02-24T11:09:57.940" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T18:39:28.370" Title="How do I write a name of a person when it is called from far away" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14018" CreationDate="2017-02-23T11:13:46.517" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you write in Russian, you can write &quot;Катяяяяя&quot;. No one would read it as &quot;Катя-йа-йа-йа&quot;. &quot;Катяаааа&quot; looks unusual but can be used in situation when the last sound is transformed in a shout like &quot;Катяяяааааааа&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you write in English it's better to write &quot;Katyaaaa&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in Russian often the stressed vowel is shouted long too, not only the last one - so you can also write &quot;Каааатяяяя&quot; or &quot;Владииииимиииир&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2017-02-23T13:24:34.470" LastActivityDate="2017-02-23T13:24:34.470" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14018" CreationDate="2017-02-23T11:13:54.697" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Катяяяяя&quot; looks OK. You repeat a letter not a sound. я is a letter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;also I find &quot;Катяяааааааа&quot; OK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8601" LastActivityDate="2017-02-23T11:13:54.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14018" CreationDate="2017-02-23T12:51:00.867" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, actually I'm surprised with the answers given. As a native speaker I'd rather will stretch the stressed vowel, something like &quot;Ау, Каааааааатя! Ты где?&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same rule will apply to any name. &#xA;So now let's consider what happen if &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt; is stressed, then actually indeed something like &quot;Ну Яяяяяяян, ну чего ты копаешься&quot;. So я (or ю - Юююююр) does not usually turned into &quot;йааааа&quot; (ой &quot;йуyyy&quot;) - it's just that it's pronounced that way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Ё' is slightly different story, it's quit often ommited but still you'd rather see &quot;ёёёёёёжик&quot;  or just &quot;ееееежик&quot; but never  &quot;йоооожик&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-02-23T12:51:00.867" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14018" CreationDate="2017-02-23T13:34:47.570" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;That depends on whether you want the literary norm or something informal you could use, say, on the internet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The literary norm would be &lt;strong&gt;Ка-а-атя-а-а&lt;/strong&gt;. Note the hyphen before each vowel repetition. I'm surprised no-one else brought it up. To answer your specific question, the modifying letters do revert to their non-modifier counterparts in repetitions (hence &lt;strong&gt;Я-а-ана&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Ю-у-ур!&lt;/strong&gt;). Keep the number of repetitions down to one or two. Three or four would mean it's &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; drawn-out. More than that means it's a children's story or the writer's got an amateurish fondness for typographic mannerisms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In informal writing, &lt;strong&gt;Кааатяяяя&lt;/strong&gt; is perfectly fine and you can hold down the key much more liberally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-02-23T13:34:47.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13992" CreationDate="2017-02-24T19:45:26.377" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My suggestion would be to learn the basic, nominative form, then take the cases one at a time, learning the endings (and contexts) for each as you go. Every book I've seen takes this approach and I can't imagine doing it differently. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know what stage you're at in your Russian, but if you're working on your own, my enthusiastic recommendation goes to Nicholas Brown's 'New Penguin Russian Course' - it's pretty inexpensive on Amazon, has an answer key, and gives the information you need at each step without overwhelming you. Its only real drawback is the lack of audio, you'll need to find that elsewhere. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Listening to Эхо Москвы etc is great but if you're just starting out, don't let it discourage you - most of my students found it challenging even after 200 hours of classroom instruction. But finding music you like is a great way to tune your ear to the sounds and rhythm of the language. Успеха!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastActivityDate="2017-02-24T19:45:26.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14025" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14026" CreationDate="2017-02-26T05:40:18.373" Score="6" ViewCount="340" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ива́нович and Ивано́в,they are from the given name Ivan?Ивано́в is a surname,then how about Ива́нович?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8612" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-02-26T15:10:55.123" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T14:04:54.893" Title="What is the difference between &quot;Ива́нович&quot; and &quot;Ивано́в&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14025" CreationDate="2017-02-26T06:48:14.810" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Иванович&lt;/strong&gt; in Сергей Иванович Иванов is a patronymic. Every Russian has got a name, a patronymic and a surname. They are used in all official papers. A patronymic means &lt;strong&gt;the son/daughter of&lt;/strong&gt; and is formed from your father's name: Иванович is Ivan's son,Ивановна is Ivan's daughter.So Сергей Иванович had/has a father whose name was/is Иван.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The endings -ович,-евич,-ич are used to form patronymics for men. For women, the endings are -овна,-евна,-ична.(Петрович,Сергеевич,Ильич,Петровна,Сергеевна,Ильинична)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T06:48:14.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14027" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14029" CreationDate="2017-02-26T06:59:36.863" Score="4" ViewCount="501" Body="&lt;p&gt;Предполагаю, что имеется ввиду склонность говорящего к пессимизму.&#xA;Или же невнятная речь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3812" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T17:23:13.750" Title="Что значит &quot;жевать сопли&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14027" CreationDate="2017-02-26T08:16:32.897" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Бездействовать, откладывать 'на потOм'. To Linger&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8614" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T08:16:32.897" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14027" CreationDate="2017-02-26T10:01:12.543" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Большой словарь русских поговорок (Мокиенко В.М.) дает несколько значений&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.Неодобр. Говорить невнятно.2.. Жарг. мол., Разг. Неодобр. Действовать нерешительно. 3.. Прост. Быть невнимательным, рассеянным. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T10:01:12.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14027" CreationDate="2017-02-26T17:23:13.750" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use it this way, for instance:&#xA;Прекрати жевать сопли! Будь мужиком!&#xA;Stop being a namby-pamby! Act like a man!&#xA;Stop mollycoddling!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8617" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T17:23:13.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14016" CreationDate="2017-02-26T18:21:41.043" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is something in between &quot;like a tardigrade&quot; and &quot;struggle to&quot; or &quot;barely&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She struggled to learn the poem by heart. Она еле-еле выучила стих наизусть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы еле убежали от копов. The cops barely got us busted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He is barely breathing. Он еле дышит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы еле затащили елку в дом. We struggled to drag the Christmas tree into the house.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еле-еле душа в теле.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8617" LastEditorUserId="8617" LastEditDate="2017-02-27T14:54:56.253" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T14:54:56.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14018" CreationDate="2017-02-26T18:39:28.370" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Katya-a-a-a and Katy-ia-ia-ia are the same&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8591" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T18:39:28.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14037" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-26T19:16:26.537" Score="1" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;Привет!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning of this sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;какие планы при выигрыше?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure about the use of the preposition при. Is it 'what are your plans &lt;em&gt;if&lt;/em&gt; you win', or 'what are your plans &lt;em&gt;in order to&lt;/em&gt; win'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8618" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T19:16:26.537" Title="help with translation of a sentence" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2017-02-26T19:17:39.827" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13994" CreationDate="2017-02-26T20:02:46.023" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Withdraw me from it or call me off it, or exclude me from it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8617" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T20:02:46.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13916" CreationDate="2017-02-26T20:43:04.273" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ну, вы держитесь, там&quot; would fit perfectly nowadays. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also add on this picture:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://my-files.ru/97p3yl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://my-files.ru/97p3yl&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8617" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T20:43:04.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14025" CreationDate="2017-02-26T21:51:11.070" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;V.V. forgot to say, what the endings -ович,-евич,-ич beside of patronymic can be surname.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Usually it change stress &lt;strong&gt;Ива́нович&lt;/strong&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;Ивано́вич&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;Си́дорович&lt;/strong&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;Сидоро́вич&lt;/strong&gt;, but not always.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87,_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Иванович Бранислав&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Брани́слав — name&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Ива́нович — surname.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87,_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Петрович Борис Петрович&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Борис — name&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Петрович — patronymic&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Петрович — surname&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian standard orders are:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[surname] [name] [patronymic]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[surname] [name]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[name] [patronymic]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But Russian also uses English order: [name] [surname] or [name] [patronymic] [surname]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;strong&gt;Александр Иванович&lt;/strong&gt; is usually &lt;strong&gt;[name] [patronymic]&lt;/strong&gt;, but very rarely it can be &lt;strong&gt;[name] [surname]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8568" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-02-27T14:04:54.893" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T14:04:54.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14041" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14043" CreationDate="2017-02-26T23:47:16.693" Score="4" ViewCount="156" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you translate a sentence like: &quot;Everything here has a lot of sugar&quot; when talking about a food product containing some ingredient. I assume &quot;Здесь у всего много сахара&quot; makes no sense and there is a separate syntax for saying &quot;has&quot; in a case like this where the subject in question &lt;em&gt;contains&lt;/em&gt; the object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T14:48:42.133" Title="Translation of &quot;has&quot; in certain scenario" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14042" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14041" CreationDate="2017-02-26T23:53:32.797" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe you could use &lt;code&gt;содержит&lt;/code&gt; - a literal translation of &lt;code&gt;contains&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Здесь все содержит много сахара.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2017-02-26T23:53:32.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14041" CreationDate="2017-02-27T04:16:21.873" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literal translation doesn't always yield proper usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;здесь во всем много сахара&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8621" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T04:16:21.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14044" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-02-27T04:46:35.677" Score="2" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on a limited sample of native Russian-speaking friends, I've come to understand that the adverb  &quot;абсолютно&quot; used as a sentence-word in a response is synonymous with &quot;no&quot; as in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Неужели Вы врали?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Абсолютно!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More recently I've come to doubt that this usage is as widely understood as I thought, and it probably depends on context. I would appreciate some clarification and possibly some linguistic reference similar to this article &lt;a href=&quot;https://refdb.ru/look/2896246-pall.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://refdb.ru/look/2896246-pall.html&lt;/a&gt; which, ironically, deals with a similar problem in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8620" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-02-27T11:58:58.580" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T11:58:58.580" Title="Use of &quot;абсолютно&quot; as negative sentence-word response" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14044" CreationDate="2017-02-27T06:27:03.543" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reply doesn't sound correct to me here (it should be smth. like &lt;strong&gt;Безусловно&lt;/strong&gt; instead), it sounds as informal as &quot;&lt;em&gt;я вам абсолютно врал&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (as if it were a literal  translation from English; proper version: &lt;strong&gt;безусловно, я вам врал&lt;/strong&gt;). The word &lt;strong&gt;абсолютно&lt;/strong&gt; is almost never used as an adverb &lt;em&gt;on its own&lt;/em&gt; and is mainly combined with adjectives, e. g. &lt;strong&gt;абсолютно голый&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;- Он что, был голый? - Абсолютно!&lt;/em&gt;)*. And I can't think of an example, where &lt;em&gt;абсолютно&lt;/em&gt; could be used as a reply confirming something negated indirectly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P.S.&lt;/strong&gt; *Such a short reply is also possible to a question with (абсолютно) &lt;strong&gt;всё&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;ничего&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;not a verb&lt;/em&gt;) in focus, since &lt;strong&gt;абсолютно всё&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;абсолютно ничего&lt;/strong&gt; are correct combinations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Неужели ваша собака &lt;strong&gt;всё&lt;/strong&gt; понимает?&#xA;  -- Абсолютно (всё).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With direct negation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Он что, &lt;strong&gt;ничего&lt;/strong&gt; не понял?&#xA;  -- Абсолютно (ничего).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2017-02-27T08:22:55.810" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T08:22:55.810" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14041" CreationDate="2017-02-27T08:17:23.767" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can also be translated as: &quot;Во всём этом содержится много сахара&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8607" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T08:17:23.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14044" CreationDate="2017-02-27T08:20:27.683" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The adverb &lt;strong&gt;абсолютно&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't have a negative connotation. It is a degree adverb meaning &lt;strong&gt;полностью, совсем, совершенно&lt;/strong&gt; and can be used only in terms of confirmation either of positive or negative information. Consider the following examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;– А он честный человек ?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Абсолютно.(positive) (– Is he a reliable person? - Absolutely/Sure.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.– Скажешь, это невозможно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Абсолютно.(negative) (You'd say It's impossible, right? - Absolutely.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T09:35:10.153" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2215" CreationDate="2017-02-27T11:32:06.427" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Berries&lt;/strong&gt; are always used with a &lt;strong&gt;singular form&lt;/strong&gt; (at least I can't remember any usage of plural form). The reason I assume because one berry has little value and we usally speak about many, then there is no need for both singulars and plurals:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;в ведре клубника (There are strawberries in the bucket)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пирог с вишней&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nevertheless with &lt;strong&gt;diminuitive&lt;/strong&gt; you can use &lt;strong&gt;plural form&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вишня &amp;rarr; вишенка (singular) &amp;rarr; вишенки (plural)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming there are 5 cherries on the plate, you can say:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Съешь эти вишенки! == Съешь эту вишню!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Greengroceries and roots&lt;/strong&gt; is also used in &lt;strong&gt;singular form&lt;/strong&gt;, but it is also possible to use plural for diminuitives:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;лук (dual name for root and herb)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;укроп: пучок укропа&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;салат (letucce)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;капуста (considered as greengrocery)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;картофель: в ведре котрофель, but в ведре картофелины&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;морковь: в сумке морковь, but в сумке морковки&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NB! Картошка === картофель, though картофель from german Kartoffel, but картошка is more russian word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8622" LastEditorUserId="8622" LastEditDate="2017-03-03T13:41:23.307" LastActivityDate="2017-03-03T13:41:23.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14041" CreationDate="2017-02-27T14:48:42.133" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If about country in common or if you're surrounded by shelves in a supermarket:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь/тут везде всё с сахаром.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're holding a bun or a cookie you can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь/тут слишком много сахара.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or as mentioned above:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь все содержит много сахара.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8617" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T14:48:42.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2215" CreationDate="2017-02-27T17:23:25.410" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;У меня в сумке огурец / кабачок / баклажан / артишок&#xA;I would use plural if you asked:&#xA;У меня в сумке огурцы / кабачки / баклажаны / артишоки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also you can say:&#xA;Купи картошку, морковку, лук, укроп, петрушку, салат&#xA;или&#xA;Купи картошки и морковки.&#xA; пучок укропа (this one sounds funny because it means ukrainian fan due to former events in the ukraine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More interesting is why редиска is a mass noun.&#xA;Если хочешь съесть пару штук, то можно сказать &quot;дай мне пару редисок&quot; или &quot;дай мне несколько штук&quot;, но если покупаешь, тогда нужно сказать &quot;взвесьте полкилограмма редиски&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8617" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T17:23:25.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13979" CreationDate="2017-02-27T18:06:29.353" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Когда я возвращался домой, я пританцовывал/танцевал.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Когда я возвращался домой, я увидел чудовище.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Когда я вернулся домой, я побежал в туалет.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Когда я возвращал товар, менеджер плакал.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Когда я вернул товар, менеджер расплакался/начал плакать/заплакал.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Маша вернулась домой. - Masha have come home. / Masha came home.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Маша возвращалась домой. - Masha was coming/going home.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Аня не хотела возвращаться домой.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Аня не могла вернуться домой.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Возват товара не предусмотрен.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;возвратно-поступательное движение = reciprocation&lt;br&gt;&#xA;but reciprocate = двигаться вперед-назад&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Возвратиться is of very seldom use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8617" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T18:06:29.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10657" CreationDate="2017-02-27T18:35:40.543" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;...он, по ходу, озверел из-за чего-то там.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;...he seems to be furious at something.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По ходу, нас кинули!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It looks like we got scammed!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8617" LastActivityDate="2017-02-27T18:35:40.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14053" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14055" CreationDate="2017-02-28T03:39:44.673" Score="4" ViewCount="285" Body="&lt;p&gt;¿Is the use of &lt;strong&gt;как раз&lt;/strong&gt; with a past imperfective synonymous with &lt;strong&gt;только что&lt;/strong&gt; in the following example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;как раз&lt;/strong&gt; разгова́ривал с твое́й до́чкой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was &lt;strong&gt;just&lt;/strong&gt; having a talk with your daughter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is it limitative in this sentence, i.e. &lt;em&gt;that's all I was doing!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-02-28T18:36:46.253" Title="Interpretations of &quot;как раз&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14053" CreationDate="2017-02-28T04:35:14.537" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It doesn't necessarily mean только что.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It references previous discussion and means that the new fact is related to it and is convenient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I.e. you won't begin talking with such a phrase, so I can infer that it's not the beginning of the discussion and that the daughter was already discussed and there probably were some plans regarding her and that the speaker has, conveniently, just had a chat with aforementioned daugter, probably on a related topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как раз&quot; also generally means &quot;just right&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2017-02-28T04:35:14.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14053" CreationDate="2017-02-28T08:45:32.050" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is synonymous to &amp;quot;только что&amp;quot;, but it does not matter whether the past or present, imperfective  or perfective is present. As far as I can remember right now, it means a very close position, juxtaposition, coincidence of almost anything (subjects, actions, sizes, you name it) — literally and figuratively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the talk with someone's daughter ended right before these words were said/written, so they, the conversation and the words almost coincided:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я как раз разговаривал с твое́й дочкой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was just having a talk with your daughter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the talk with someone's daughter is going exactly at the moment when these words were said/written, so they, the conversation and the words coincided in time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я как раз разговариваю с твое́й дочкой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am just having a talk with your daughter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the size of the shoes and the size of the speaker's feet coincided:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эти ботинки как раз мне подходят.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These shoes are exactly/right for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the fact or forecast of a rain coincided with implied weather opposite to the shiny weather:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Будет ли солнце? Как раз наоборот, будет дождь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will it be shiny? Exactly the opposite, it will be raining.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think, it's important to note, that &lt;em&gt;как раз&lt;/em&gt; in some situations can be used with some words in a sentence omitted, but I'm not sure whether such cases are not part of a broader issue in speech, not related directly to &amp;quot;как раз&amp;quot;. In such situations the omitted/implied part of a sentence should be clear from the context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the word &amp;quot;подходят&amp;quot; has to be inferred:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как ботинки? Как раз [подходят]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How are the shoes? They fit fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the word &amp;quot;наоборот&amp;quot; has to be inferred:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Будет ли солнце? Как раз [наоборот] будет дождь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will it be shiny? Quite the opposite, it will be raining.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;John: Это далеко; It is far away&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kate: (Нет,) как раз близко; (No,) right the opposite, it is near&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-02-28T14:38:45.840" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14053" CreationDate="2017-02-28T18:36:46.253" Score="2" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я как раз разгова́ривал с твое́й до́чкой.&#xA;&#xA;I was just having a talk with your daughter.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I have just spoken with your daughter.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Я как раз на днях разгова́ривал с твое́й до́чкой.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I have (just) spoken with your daughter recently.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я как раз заварил чай, как знал/как будто знал , что вы придете.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Эти трусы тебе как раз/в самый раз.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Лето пришло, а я как раз подстригся.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Это как раз то, что нужно.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Джейн испекла торт, а Джек как раз скачал лицензионную копию фильма.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Этот клоунский нос тебе как раз/в самый раз.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Когда Владимир пришел на остановку, автобус как раз подъехал.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Мне как раз не хватало одного рубля до миллиона, спасибо, что подарил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8617" LastActivityDate="2017-02-28T18:36:46.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14057" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14063" CreationDate="2017-02-28T21:10:23.010" Score="1" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;It may be locative or dative, i am not used to locative declensions but if it is dative, why should be it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question is claimed to be duplicate, but i truly can not see the similarity between this question and the one appointed in the duplication claim. Because i am searching the grammatical aspect of this declension, i gave an example, but i do not want an example, i want to understand why this declension was used, where more it is used, and how it may be used in another cases. thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8259" LastEditorUserId="8259" LastEditDate="2017-03-02T14:59:44.917" LastActivityDate="2017-03-03T14:25:53.150" Title="What is the declesion of `В лесу` in this phrase: &quot;В лесу Волк встретил Красную Шапочку&quot;? why?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2017-03-07T19:11:16.977" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14058" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-01T09:25:56.430" Score="3" ViewCount="302" Body="&lt;p&gt;Наткнулся на фразу &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Выставка фотографов&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. Это вообще правильно? Так можно сказать, когда речь идёт о &quot;Выставке работ фотографов&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если так можно сказать, то почему? Ведь фраза меняет свой смысл. И как тогда сказать о выставке, на которой будут выставлены сами фотографы?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И даже, если так можно сказать, то грамотно ли это?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7117" LastEditorUserId="7117" LastEditDate="2017-03-01T09:45:22.863" LastActivityDate="2017-03-08T09:39:45.127" Title="Выставка фотографов, или Выставка фотографий?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;фраза&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14059" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14058" CreationDate="2017-03-01T10:33:06.753" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Выставка фотографов — это выставка, на которой представлены фотографии определенных фотографов. Это выражение используется с каким-нибудь определением (например &quot;выставка молодых фотографов&quot; или &quot;выставка английских фотографов&quot;). Так же как говорят &quot;выставка художников&quot; (опять же, обычно с определением). Имеется в виду, что фотографии на выставке выбраны исходя из того кем они сделаны, в отличие от выставки фотографий (природы например, или жанровых фотографий), где выбор делается исходя из темы снимка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выражение &quot;выставка фотографов&quot; можно сравнить с выражением &quot;выставка художников&quot;. Конечно, чисто технически, можно решить что это выставка, экспонатами которой являются художники. Но неоднозначности подобного рода встречаются в любом языке, и подобная неоднозначность не обязательно означает что так говорить неправильно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search2.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%E2%FB%F1%F2%E0%E2%EA%E0%20%F5%F3%E4%EE%E6%ED%E8%EA%EE%E2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Выставка художников&quot; в поиске корпуса русского языка&lt;/a&gt; дает 14 вхождений&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search2.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E2%FB%F1%F2%E0%E2%EA%E0&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=2&amp;amp;lex2=%F5%F3%E4%EE%E6%ED%E8%EA&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Выставка (?) художников&quot; там же&lt;/a&gt; — 278 вхождений&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search2.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=sas1_2&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;dpp=100&amp;amp;spp=100&amp;amp;spd=100&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=ngrams_3_lexgr&amp;amp;sort=gr_freq&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E2%FB%F1%F2%E0%E2%EA%E0&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=%EF%F0%EE%E8%E7%E2%E5%E4%E5%ED%E8%E9&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=3&amp;amp;lex3=%F5%F3%E4%EE%E6%ED%E8%EA%EE%E2&amp;amp;gramm3=&amp;amp;flags3=&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Выставка произведений (?) художников&quot;&lt;/a&gt; — 0&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search2.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=sas1_2&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;dpp=100&amp;amp;spp=100&amp;amp;spd=100&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=ngrams_3_lexgr&amp;amp;sort=gr_freq&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E2%FB%F1%F2%E0%E2%EA%E0&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=%F0%E0%E1%EE%F2&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=2&amp;amp;lex3=%F5%F3%E4%EE%E6%ED%E8%EA%EE%E2&amp;amp;gramm3=&amp;amp;flags3=&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Выставка работ (?) художников&quot;&lt;/a&gt; — 0&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search2.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=sas1_2&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;dpp=100&amp;amp;spp=100&amp;amp;spd=100&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=ngrams_3_lexgr&amp;amp;sort=gr_freq&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E2%FB%F1%F2%E0%E2%EA%E0&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=%EA%E0%F0%F2%E8%ED&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=2&amp;amp;lex3=%F5%F3%E4%EE%E6%ED%E8%EA%EE%E2&amp;amp;gramm3=&amp;amp;flags3=&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Выставка картин (?) художников&quot;&lt;/a&gt; — 0&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastEditorUserId="1836" LastEditDate="2017-03-01T14:10:28.317" LastActivityDate="2017-03-01T14:10:28.317" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14060" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14058" CreationDate="2017-03-01T12:06:46.523" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Выставка фотографов - это выставка, экспонатами на которой являются фотографы.  Например, фотографы сидят в клетках, а посетители их рассматривают.  Если же экспонатами являются фотографии, то это выставка фотографий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Выставка молодых фотографов&quot; - тоже неправильно. Правильно &quot;выставка работ молодых фотографов&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Корпус русского языка находит в общей сложности 21 документ с выражением &quot;выставка фотографий&quot; (во всех падежах и обоих числах), но ни одного вхождения выражения &quot;выставка фотографов&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2017-03-01T12:13:46.530" LastActivityDate="2017-03-01T12:13:46.530" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14058" CreationDate="2017-03-02T08:15:16.320" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;И как тогда сказать о выставке, на которой будут выставлены сами фотографы?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Though the phrase is ambiguous, it is implied that photographers bring their art to gallery for exhibition, thus you'll have to explain if you talk about exhibition where the artists themselves are incarcerated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8617" LastActivityDate="2017-03-02T08:15:16.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14057" CreationDate="2017-03-03T09:49:31.573" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is locative indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a homograph of dative, however it differs in stress: locative is &lt;em&gt;лесу&amp;#x0301;&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;я гуляю в лесу&amp;#x0301;&lt;/em&gt;), dative is &lt;em&gt;ле&amp;#x0301;су&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;я вышел к ле&amp;#x0301;су&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Locative forms exist for a quite large, if limited, number of II and III declension nouns (those ending in a consonant or &lt;em&gt;-ь&lt;/em&gt; in nominative), mostly having monosyllabic roots. Usually they designate something things can &quot;be in&quot;: enclosures (&lt;em&gt;лес, берег, тень&lt;/em&gt;); containers (&lt;em&gt;шкаф, короб, гроб&lt;/em&gt;); substances and materials (&lt;em&gt;мёд, пух, спирт&lt;/em&gt;); states (&lt;em&gt;бой, бред, тишь&lt;/em&gt;); some proper nouns (&lt;em&gt;Крым&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Клин&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Дон&lt;/em&gt;) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether or not any given noun has a locative is something you have to learn by heart, and some nouns can confuse even native Russian speakers: &lt;em&gt;пляж, мел, отпуск&lt;/em&gt; all technically have locative, however, using the locative form of these nouns sounds quite peculiar to a modern Russian speaker's ear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some homonyms have a locative in one meaning and don't have it in another: &lt;em&gt;мир&lt;/em&gt; meaning &quot;world&quot; or &quot;peace&quot; does not have a locative; the same word meaning &quot;society&quot; or &quot;laity&quot; does have it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is used with the prepositions &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;, and, as the name suggests, mostly it means that something is &quot;in&quot; or &quot;on&quot; the object: &lt;em&gt;гулять в лесу&amp;#x0301;; быть в раю&amp;#x0301;&lt;/em&gt;. It can also have some secondary meanings: &quot;to be covered or treated with&quot; (&lt;em&gt;рыльце в пуху&amp;#x0301;; курица в меду&amp;#x0301;; настойка на спирту&amp;#x0301;&lt;/em&gt;, etc., similar to English &quot;chicken in honey sauce&quot;), &quot;to play on&quot; (&lt;em&gt;играть на басу&amp;#x0301;&lt;/em&gt;), &quot;to swear on&quot; (&lt;em&gt;клясться на крови&amp;#x0301;&lt;/em&gt;) and others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In yet other meanings the prepositional is used with the same prepositions: &lt;em&gt;видеть в мёде источник богатства&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;to see honey as a source of wealth&quot;), &lt;em&gt;делать деньги на мехе&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;to make money out of furs&quot;) etc. In both cases above, &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; do not mean &quot;in&quot; or &quot;on&quot; in their usual sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2017-03-03T14:25:53.150" LastActivityDate="2017-03-03T14:25:53.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14064" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11808" CreationDate="2017-03-04T14:28:20.640" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In plural, в слезАх - о слЁзах, в соплЯх - о сОплях, в слюнЯх - о слЮнях, в яслЯх - о Яслях, на снастЯх - о снАстях, в страстЯх - о стрАстях also fixed form на сносЯх.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2017-03-04T14:35:02.680" LastActivityDate="2017-03-04T14:35:02.680" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14065" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14066" CreationDate="2017-03-05T14:39:25.473" Score="6" ViewCount="343" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is somewhat related to a &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/13787/what-is-the-meaning-of-%D0%B7%D0%B0-in-expressions-relating-to-time&quot;&gt;previous question&lt;/a&gt; of mine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; What does &amp;quot;на&amp;quot; mean in expressions relating to time?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess had been that &amp;quot;на&amp;quot; used in expressions related to time somehow indicated that the action would occur after the amount of time in the accusative case following &amp;quot;на&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, such expressions appear to also occur in the past tense, which seems to indicate my attempt at interpretation is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The examples from my workbook are all sentences with perfective verbs. However, I don't think that could explain the meaning somehow, since that explains the difference between &amp;quot;за+accusative&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;accusative&amp;quot; for expressions involving time, unless &amp;quot;за&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;на&amp;quot; were synonymous in this context. That seems unlikely to me although I have no idea either way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some exercises from my workbook involve explaining the meaning of sentences involving &amp;quot;на&amp;quot; and expressions of time. Examples are below which hopefully can clarify what I am confused about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На сколько времени вы приехали в Москву? Мы приехали в Москву на один год.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он взял словарь на час. Он будет смотреть словарь час.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они приехали в Москву на месяц. Они будут в Москве месяц.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я взял книгу на неделю. Она взяла журнал на один день. Они взяли магнитофон на вечер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они приехали в нашу страну на полгода. Туристы приехали в Ярославль на неделю. Она поехала в санаторий на месяц.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-03-07T08:22:46.893" Title="What does &quot;на&quot; mean in expressions relating to time?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14065" CreationDate="2017-03-05T15:13:48.753" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, the &quot;verb + на&quot; is equivalent to English &quot;verb + for&quot;.  In Russian, the verb is perfective in most cases, but not always.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он взял книгу на неделю&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;he borrowed (lit. took) a book for a week&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Она уехала в Москву на месяц&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;she left for Moscow for a month&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Беру эту книгу на две недели&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;I borrow (lit. take) this book for two weeks&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If some action is done for its temporary consequences, the preposition &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; tells how long these consequences intend to last (NOT how long the action itself lasts, and usually not how long the consequences really last).  For example, if one borrows a book, he/she does it in order to posess a book for a while.  So &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; tells us how long he will posess a book.  If one is imprisoned (Russian: &lt;code&gt;он сел в тюрьму&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;его посадили в тюрьму&lt;/code&gt;, or just &lt;code&gt;его посадили&lt;/code&gt;), the authorities do it in order to keep him in prison for some time, so &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; tells for how long they intend to keep him in prison (&lt;code&gt;его посадили на два года&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also навсегда - forever (i. e. &lt;code&gt;он уехал из России навсегда&lt;/code&gt;), and на какое-то/некоторое время (i. e. &lt;code&gt;я решил на какое-то время уехать в Индию&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2017-03-07T04:17:13.747" LastActivityDate="2017-03-07T04:17:13.747" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14067" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-05T17:56:20.103" Score="7" ViewCount="351" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen this used on the web as a translation for &quot;oh my God&quot; . Even though, as far as I know, there is a more literal translation (боже мой) which seems also to be in common use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So ... what's the link between God and alcoholic drinks? Or, possibly, God and sticky tape (I'm not quite clear what sort of &quot;scotch&quot; is being referred to)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a phrase widely used? What sort of situations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8656" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-03-05T19:56:49.727" LastActivityDate="2017-03-11T07:12:51.310" Title="Can someone explain &quot;ой мой скотч&quot;?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14068" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-05T20:05:13.417" Score="6" ViewCount="2658" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed a couple of patterns in regards to forming nouns from verbs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Removing the -ть from verbs ending in -бить/быть, -вить, чать and -ять and adding -тие (for example: разбить --&gt; разбитие, закрыть --&gt; закрытие). &#xA;*However, I've noticed that there are some exceptions with suffix -ние (e.g. Обожать --&gt; обожание). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) removing -ть from -дать verbs (e.g. выдать --&gt; выдача)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone help clear up the -ние / -тие distinction from the first question or help me work out simple formulas with remove verbal stems and adding suffixes?&#xA;Also, if you also know any way of formulating adjectives from either verbs or nouns I'd also appreciate this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8318" LastActivityDate="2020-08-31T00:25:35.907" Title="Forming Russian nouns from verbs" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14070" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14154" CreationDate="2017-03-05T22:48:42.197" Score="5" ViewCount="307" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a typical construction that I do not know specially when concerning about movements, in which we use the preposition y instead of the subject? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8657" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2018-10-17T20:23:36.987" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T20:23:36.987" Title="What is &quot;у меня&quot; in &quot;после русского языка у меня будет химия&quot; why not &quot; после русского языка я буду в лекцию химия&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14070" CreationDate="2017-03-06T00:07:31.320" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following article explains your subject rather well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/aa120199a.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://masterrussian.com/aa120199a.shtml&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your example, in particular, has a direct English analogy: &lt;em&gt;I have Chemistry after Russian&lt;/em&gt; sounds quite regular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2017-03-06T00:16:53.903" LastActivityDate="2017-03-06T00:16:53.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5666" CreationDate="2017-03-06T05:31:53.907" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Гостеприимство is a readiness and willingness of a person to greet and feed the guests. &#xA;Гостеприимство is a quality of a person or a nation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8658" LastActivityDate="2017-03-06T05:31:53.907" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14074" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14067" CreationDate="2017-03-06T05:43:12.827" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is simply a kind of a joke. Russians tend to add new words into well-known proverbs and idioms. They would say &quot; о мой лук&quot; or &quot;о мой краб&quot; instead of a traditional experession just for fun. I very much remember my friend saying &quot;oi-oi-oi moi babUshki&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8658" LastActivityDate="2017-03-06T05:43:12.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14075" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14077" CreationDate="2017-03-06T07:03:52.290" Score="8" ViewCount="3362" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not sure if this is a proper place to post this question, but I was unable to find any better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There in software development, we tend to use Russian word “костыль” (crutch) to denote the solution, which is to prop the existing code up, not to fix the real cause of the problem. It’s wry and is usually used in a negative sense, like “I’ll put a crutch here for now, but when we are not in rush, it should be fixed properly.” The code behaves as a human being on their crutches: they walk somehow, but the observers fear they to drop down.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: is “crutch” sounds legit in this context in English, and if not, is there any close analog of “костыль” in English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2383" LastActivityDate="2017-03-06T09:48:38.207" Title="Analog of IT term “костыль” in English" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;&lt;software&gt;&lt;it&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-03-06T10:46:16.243" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14070" CreationDate="2017-03-06T07:58:31.347" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase &lt;em&gt;у меня есть&lt;/em&gt; means possession = &lt;em&gt;я имею&lt;/em&gt; (I have). Your sentence contains this phrase in the future tense &lt;em&gt;у меня будет&lt;/em&gt; (I will have, I am having). The sentence should be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;После русского языка у меня будет химия (лекция по химии).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use another verb to describe your action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;После (урока) русского языка я пойду на лекцию по химии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&quot;Я буду на лекции&quot; is understandable too, but sounds a bit clumsy.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-03-06T14:02:26.953" LastActivityDate="2017-03-06T14:02:26.953" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14075" CreationDate="2017-03-06T09:48:38.207" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I use &quot;dirty hack&quot; in such cases. I think that &quot;hack&quot; or &quot;workaround&quot; have not such negative connotations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8555" LastActivityDate="2017-03-06T09:48:38.207" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14078" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-06T11:34:32.550" Score="1" ViewCount="103" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are following lines in a poem:&#xA;&quot;Observe what’s vivid&quot;&#xA;and&#xA;&quot;Vividness is self-selecting&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word &quot;vivid&quot; is usually translated as &quot;яркий&quot;, &quot;ясный&quot;. What could be meaning of &quot;vividness&quot; in this context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user8659" LastActivityDate="2017-03-06T11:34:32.550" Title="What could be meaning and translation of the word &quot;vivid&quot; in this context: &quot;Vividness is self-selecting&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-03-06T16:43:01.530" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14067" CreationDate="2017-03-06T21:49:17.193" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Скотч (Scotch - trademarked by 3M) - clear tape that is used in the office and in school. It became an internet meme, as provided in a link by &lt;a href=&quot;http://thisishorosho.ru/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Quassnoi&lt;/a&gt;.  Just like Americans like to say that duct tape can fix any problem, the clear tape can be used in the same way to fix anything.  Hence there is a notion that &quot;скотч&quot; is god, because of its omnipotence. The phrase &quot;о, мой скотч&quot; is a calque from English &quot;Oh, my god / omg&quot;, replacing &quot;god&quot; with &quot;скотч&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An alternative form is &quot;О Скотче,&quot; similar to Russian &quot;о Боже.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-03-07T05:04:36.540" LastActivityDate="2017-03-07T05:04:36.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14068" CreationDate="2017-03-06T22:04:41.390" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It may work the other way around.  If you see a noun with one of those endings, then you know that is derived from a verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The nouns were derived from verbs over a long period of time in different locations. That's why the patterns are slightly different. There is nothing in Russian language that would have prevented you from taking a verb &lt;strong&gt;&quot;обожать&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; some centuries ago and make nouns &lt;strong&gt;&quot;обожатие&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;&quot;обожача&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, instead of &lt;strong&gt;&quot;обожание.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;  For some long forgotten reason only one of those forms stayed in the language, but not the others.  For  example, there is an archaic word &lt;strong&gt;&quot;выданье&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; which has a meaning similar to &lt;strong&gt;&quot;выдача&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, but currently has a connotation of &lt;strong&gt;&quot;to betroth a daughter&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-03-07T05:07:17.527" LastActivityDate="2017-03-07T05:07:17.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14081" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14082" CreationDate="2017-03-07T01:02:00.827" Score="5" ViewCount="357" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to understand how spelling works in Russian. Why does &quot;томат&quot; lack an &quot;o&quot; at the end, when some other words which I assume are derived from European loanwords, such as &quot;пианино&quot; or &quot;метро&quot;, have an &quot;о&quot; at the end?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;edition&lt;/a&gt; of Wiktionary lacked etymology info for &quot;томат&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5423" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-03-07T08:34:25.093" LastActivityDate="2017-03-07T23:01:48.687" Title="Why is &quot;томат&quot; spelt without an &quot;o&quot; at the end?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14082" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14081" CreationDate="2017-03-07T01:11:40.730" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why on Earth it should be? Just because in other languages -ato ending are OK for nouns? Why &lt;code&gt;банан&lt;/code&gt; and not &lt;code&gt;банана&lt;/code&gt;? Or &lt;code&gt;кофе&lt;/code&gt; but not &lt;code&gt;кофи&lt;/code&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is emotional part of an answer, and as of the facts - well, it was derived from French &lt;code&gt;tomate&lt;/code&gt; (which is something mentioned in &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; by the way)  and in French it was already pronounced pretty much the same way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess the main question is why we are not pronouncing it like &lt;code&gt;томатль&lt;/code&gt; - after all it was originally that way )))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-03-07T15:45:34.863" LastActivityDate="2017-03-07T15:45:34.863" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14081" CreationDate="2017-03-07T22:23:11.830" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Words get borrowed into the languages not necessarily from the languages they originated in, not necessarily keeping their meaning, not necessarily the way they originally sounded and not necessarily once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In each separate case there is usually some kind of logic: e.g. you can trace step by step how Ancient Greek &lt;em&gt;ἐλέφας&lt;/em&gt; (source of English &quot;elephant&quot;) ultimately became Russian &lt;em&gt;верблюд&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;camel&quot;), or how &lt;em&gt;гиацинт&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;яхонт&lt;/em&gt; are both from a common Greek source, but it's an ad-hoc logic every time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;em&gt;томат, банан&lt;/em&gt; etc., they were borrowed from French where they are pronounced in almost the same way as they are in Russian, and &lt;em&gt;батат&lt;/em&gt; is most probably from Neapolitan or other southern Italian idiom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Words borrowed from Spanish either directly or through English (&lt;em&gt;торнадо, авокадо&lt;/em&gt; etc.) are neuter and indeclinable, and keep the final &lt;em&gt;-о&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2017-03-07T23:01:48.687" LastActivityDate="2017-03-07T23:01:48.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14058" CreationDate="2017-03-08T07:35:27.300" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Выставка фотографов&quot;  — это сокращение от &quot;Выставка работ фотографов&quot;. Слово &quot;работ&quot; можно выкинуть без потери информативности (выставка чего еще может быть?) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Выставка работ фотографов&quot; — это &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;плеоназм&lt;/a&gt;, стилистическая ошибка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8664" LastEditorUserId="8664" LastEditDate="2017-03-08T09:39:45.127" LastActivityDate="2017-03-08T09:39:45.127" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14086" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14087" CreationDate="2017-03-09T17:44:52.447" Score="11" ViewCount="374" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both these words have Greek origin, specifically:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Гиппократ&lt;/strong&gt; (Hippocrates) comes from &lt;em&gt;ίππος&lt;/em&gt; (horse) + &lt;em&gt;κρατώ&lt;/em&gt; (I hold) = The one who holds the horses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ипподром&lt;/strong&gt; (horse-race track) comes from &lt;em&gt;ίππος&lt;/em&gt; (horse) + &lt;em&gt;δρόμος&lt;/em&gt; (road/track).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word for horse, in original (polytonic) Greek is written as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ἵππος&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where over the &lt;em&gt;ι&lt;/em&gt; there is an ascent and an aspirate: &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PyxfV.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PyxfV.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The aspirate is the one that means an &quot;h&quot; has to be added in English to convey the original Greek sound (therefore &quot;&lt;strong&gt;H&lt;/strong&gt;ippocrates&quot; in English.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian this (thick) &quot;h&quot; is turned into a &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (e.g. &lt;strong&gt;H&lt;/strong&gt;amburger - &lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt;амбургер). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why this is not the case with &lt;strong&gt;Ипподром&lt;/strong&gt;?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6940" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-03-09T20:01:46.940" LastActivityDate="2017-03-09T22:24:42.363" Title="Why &quot;Гиппократ&quot; but &quot;ипподром&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14086" CreationDate="2017-03-09T18:06:19.783" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;гипподром&quot; is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;still used&lt;/a&gt; as a historical term for ancient stadiums for horse racing. The reason for dropping &quot;г&quot; was French influence where &quot;h&quot; is not pronounced (and the word &lt;a href=&quot;https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippodrome&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;hippodrome&lt;/a&gt; is not an exception). French was heavily used by Russian aristocracy and actually a lot of words were borrowed in French spelling. Even English names, like Ньютон were stressed the way they are stressed in French. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a screenshot of N-gram for usage of both гипподром and ипподром (both in old and new spelling)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippodrome&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yGqaw.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can answer - why in that case Гиппократ, not Иппократ? Behold the terrifying truth, it actually was that way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yGqaw.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qPJYo.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So actually Г-форм gained popularity gradually, throughout 19th century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me this looks like more or less random, the same Greek root gave us &lt;code&gt;гиппопотам&lt;/code&gt; which, to my knowledge, never has been spelled without &lt;code&gt;г-&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-03-09T22:24:42.363" LastActivityDate="2017-03-09T22:24:42.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2904" CreationDate="2017-03-12T15:17:42.397" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;склизкий has some yucky undertone.  When we mention a slug we can say &quot;склизкий слизень&quot; for example. But in the article it mean slippery (because of North Novgorod dialect) and the word is not used as &quot;slippery&quot; in ordinary, colloquial conversations&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8676" LastActivityDate="2017-03-12T15:17:42.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14091" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14092" CreationDate="2017-03-13T06:31:05.353" Score="5" ViewCount="586" Body="&lt;p&gt;The particle ли is put behind the verb, but the verb to be is omitted in present tense. If you want to say something like &quot;How do we know this is true?&quot;, how do you translate it to Russian? &quot;Как знать, это ли правда?&quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8257" LastActivityDate="2019-06-21T14:44:41.120" Title="Where to put ли if no verb is given?" Tags="&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14091" CreationDate="2017-03-13T09:47:47.623" Score="9" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как знать, это ли правда?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, &quot;как узнать&quot;. &quot;Как знать&quot; is valid but means doubt: &quot;it's impossible to know&quot;. Why? Because you can't &quot;знать&quot; before you &quot;узнать&quot; and you're not doing that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как узнать, это ли правда?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, this is a valid form but rare, and it's a good translation. It means that there are several probable truths and you try to find &quot;the one&quot;. And you're asking &quot;Is this one true?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you just have something that is true or false, you will say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как узнать, правда ли это?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are two valid uses of ли. So obviously you need to put &lt;code&gt;ли&lt;/code&gt; infix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also put &lt;code&gt;ли&lt;/code&gt; after both words in speech, but never before both words. I don't know why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-06-21T14:44:41.120" LastActivityDate="2019-06-21T14:44:41.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14091" CreationDate="2017-03-13T10:43:25.860" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a complex sentence with a yes/no question in a subordinate clause. &#xA;We usually put an interrogative conjunction &quot;ли&quot; after the meaningful word, which bears the main information in the sentence, so the most common variant would be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как знать (узнать), &lt;strong&gt;правда&lt;/strong&gt; ли это?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You don't know if it's true or not, you want to know that, the stress is on the word &quot;правда&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как знать(узнать),&lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; ли правда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible, but rarely used.&#xA;Here the stress is on &quot;это&quot;.You want to know if this specific  information is true from several facts. This isn't a usual construction. We use it only in specific situations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-03-13T18:45:48.063" LastActivityDate="2017-03-13T18:45:48.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14091" CreationDate="2017-03-13T20:33:54.120" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ли is Wackernagel's clitic, which means it goes after the first fully-stressed word of the sentence (not after the verb, as you say). It tends to move before itself the &quot;question's focus&quot; - if no specific focus is given, it's usually the predicate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как мы узнаем, пришёл ли Вася? - How shall we know if Vasya came?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как мы узнаем, Вася ли пришёл? - How shall we know if it was Vasya who came?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding your question, one should say &quot;Откуда нам знать, правда ли это?&quot; (More literally - &quot;Как нам знать, правда ли это?&quot;, but &quot;откуда&quot; (where from) sounds better).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2017-03-13T20:33:54.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2924" CreationDate="2017-03-13T20:56:53.243" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Yoda speech is based on moving to the beginning of every sentence he topicalized item, the part which is considered most meaningful. &quot;Begun, the Clone Wars have&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, in Russian Yoda speech adjectives are (mostly) put after their nouns and genitives before their nouns (contrary to usual practice, somewhat Latin style). Prepositions, however, as Alexander Razorenov mentioned above, do not become postpositions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, whereas the English scheme is &quot;Topic, Subject Predicate&quot; (if neither Subject nor Predicate is Topic itself), Russian can employ both that one and &quot;Topic, Predicate Subject&quot;, the second one is even more common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yes, the Russian Yoda speech effect is probably less than the English one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2017-03-13T20:56:53.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14097" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14099" CreationDate="2017-03-14T15:54:17.447" Score="7" ViewCount="256" Body="&lt;p&gt;Согласно правилам (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bibliotekar.ru/russkiy-yazik-2/122.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.bibliotekar.ru/russkiy-yazik-2/122.htm&lt;/a&gt;), слова мужского рода во множественном числе в родительном падеже обычно имеют окончание -ов, а женского рода — обычно нулевое. Есть исключения для некоторых видов нарицательных слов (парных предметов, некоторых родов войск и национальностей, единиц измерения).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Между тем, чуть ли не все острова в родительном падеже имеют нулевое окончание: Мальдив, Канар, Мальвин, Курил (самое явное исключение — Гавайев). То же самое с горами: Карпат, Альп, Апеннин. То же с греческими городами: Афин, Фив, Сиракуз. Ещё Канн (вроде бы). Но: Сочей, Ессентук(ов).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гипотеза про женский род не подходит: остров и город — мужского рода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По какой причине мы выбираем нулевое окончание?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2017-03-15T06:28:18.020" Title="Почему у групповых топонимов в родительном падеже обычно нулевое окончание (Мальдив, Альп, Курил)?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14098" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-14T16:30:09.210" Score="5" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;Где узнать о правилах русского языка, актуальных на данный момент?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В инженерном деле когда речь идёт о формальностях, например о правилах искусственного языка (например для написания компьютерных программ), то люди создают спецификации. Этими спецификациями владеет или большие ассоциации такие как IEEE/ISO или большие и влиятельные организации.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так вот где находится официальная спецификация, что считать верным, а что нет в рамках естественного языка, который используется официально на территории Российского государства?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7942" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2017-03-14T17:10:27.573" LastActivityDate="2017-03-28T13:42:31.780" Title="Где узнать о правилах русского языка?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14097" CreationDate="2017-03-14T21:52:57.017" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Old Russian used endings &lt;em&gt;-ъ, -ь&lt;/em&gt; for nouns with historical &lt;em&gt;-o&lt;/em&gt; stem in gen. pl.: &lt;em&gt;изъ Варягъ въ Грѣкы&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;изъ Грѣкъ по Днепру&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;святыхъ отецъ&lt;/em&gt; etc. This means the modern zero-ending in words like &lt;em&gt;татар, армян, грузин&lt;/em&gt; etc. is the &quot;right&quot;, etymologically justified one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ending &lt;em&gt;-овъ&lt;/em&gt; was initially used only for the nouns with historical &lt;em&gt;-u&lt;/em&gt; stem. There were but a handful of those nouns: &lt;em&gt;сынъ, волъ, домъ&lt;/em&gt; and several others. The &lt;em&gt;-в-&lt;/em&gt; in oblique cases of those nouns is the remnant of the &lt;em&gt;-u&lt;/em&gt; in the stem, and we can still see it now fossilized in plural forms of &lt;em&gt;сын&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;сыновья, сыновей&lt;/em&gt;) etc., in the adjective &lt;em&gt;домой&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;&amp;lt; домови&lt;/em&gt;, sg. dat. of &lt;em&gt;домъ&lt;/em&gt;) and set phrases like &lt;em&gt;довлеет дневи злоба его&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the ending &lt;em&gt;-овъ&lt;/em&gt; began to spill to the &lt;em&gt;-o&lt;/em&gt; stem paradigm as well and has since almost entirely supplanted the zero-ending, most probably to better differentiate between sg. nom and pl. gen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As late as two hundred years ago &lt;em&gt;зуб, пуд, рог, месяц&lt;/em&gt; were valid and widely used pl. gen. forms of respective nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Zero-ending survived mostly in words which did not have to differentiate between sg. nom. and pl. gen.: all neuter words (which end in &lt;em&gt;-о&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;-е&lt;/em&gt; in sg. nom.), most words in &lt;em&gt;-ин&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;татарин, болгарин&lt;/em&gt; etc.), pair nouns (&lt;em&gt;сапог, чулок&lt;/em&gt; etc., which are rarely used in sg. at all) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this is only a rule of thumb, and you have to learn the declension for each noun by heart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2017-03-14T21:52:57.017" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14097" CreationDate="2017-03-15T06:28:18.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Имена собственные (географические и астрономические): Афины, Карпаты, Балканы, Лубны, Сокольники, Плеяды, Близнецы относятся к существительным, употребляющимся только во множественном числе, называются pluralia tantum.&#xA;Они не имеют ни рода, ни склонения, потому что не имеют единственного числа, поэтому относить их к существительным мужского рода неправильно.&#xA;Существительные, употребляющиеся только во множественном числе, склоняются по образцу 1-го, 2-го и 3-го склонения, причем образец склонения определяется по родительному падежу. Никаких правил на этот счет не существует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В Р. п. у существительных могут быть представлены окончания: нулевое, -ов, -ей.&#xA;I скл.: основное окончание — нулевое. &#xA;II скл.: -ов/-ев, -ей, нулевое. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-03-15T06:28:18.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14098" CreationDate="2017-03-15T18:20:08.227" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;В русском языке нет спецификаций, в рамках естественного языка все познается на ходу/everything is figured out &quot;on the run&quot;. Все правила как в старых учебниках, так и новых одинаковы абсолютно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8617" LastActivityDate="2017-03-15T18:20:08.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14103" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14106" CreationDate="2017-03-15T21:44:25.423" Score="5" ViewCount="6680" Body="&lt;p&gt;Everything is in the title, sorry if I misspelled it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do Russian speakers call Vladimir Putin &quot;Vladimir Vladimirovich&quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8697" LastEditorUserId="8697" LastEditDate="2017-03-15T22:12:09.100" LastActivityDate="2017-03-16T17:19:48.080" Title="Why do Russian speakers call Vladimir Putin &quot;Vladimir Vladimirovich&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14103" CreationDate="2017-03-16T10:49:01.523" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian names have a first name &quot;imya&quot; (Vladimir), second name &quot;otchestvo&quot; (Vladimirovich (the name of father)) and third name &quot;familiya&quot; (Putin).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8700" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-03-16T13:53:24.917" LastActivityDate="2017-03-16T13:53:24.917" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14103" CreationDate="2017-03-16T13:44:55.463" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;A full Russian name consists of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;First name&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Patronymic (derived from father's first name)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Last name, also known as family name.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian president's full name is: Vladimir (first name) Vladimirovich (patronymic) Putin (last name).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following combinations of names are used in a formal environment:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;First Patronymic Last&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin&lt;/strong&gt; - very formal&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;First Patronymic&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;Vladimir Vladimirovich&lt;/strong&gt; - moderately formal&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;First Last&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;Vladimir Putin&lt;/strong&gt; - moderately formal, the same level of formality as #2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More information on the order of Russian names is available here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/11598/what-order-are-the-parts-of-a-full-russian-name-in&quot;&gt;What order are the parts of a full Russian name in?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2017-03-16T16:44:02.793" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14107" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14113" CreationDate="2017-03-16T17:16:10.543" Score="8" ViewCount="621" Body="&lt;p&gt;For answers to my workbook, I wrote the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;После уроков мы ходили в лабораторию к &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;своему&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; профессору.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В воскресенье мы поедем в гости к &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;своим&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; друзьям. Мы уже звонили &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;своим&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; друзьям и сказали им об этом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what the answer key to the workbook said was:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;После уроков мы ходили в лабораторию к &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;нашему&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; профессору.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В воскресенье мы поедем в гости к &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;нашим&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; друзьям. Мы уже звонили &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;нашим&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; друзьям и сказали им об этом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; Is it OK or preferred to use наш instead of свой when the subject is мы? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am confused because I believed it is correct/preferred to use свой instead of её (его, мой, твой) when the subject is она (он, я, ты). This all corresponds to the answers given for various exercises in my workbook's answer key.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to using свой instead of наш when the subject is мы, I'm &lt;em&gt;also&lt;/em&gt; not sure about using свой instead of ваш (их) when the subject is вы (они).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the rule different for some reason for мы? Is this a mistake (repeated twice) in the answer key?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT:&lt;/strong&gt; The book isn't even consistent in its convention; the following are also from it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В среду мы ходили в общежитие к &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;своим&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; друзьям. В среду мы были в общежитии у &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;своих&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; друзей. Летом они ездили на родину к &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;своим&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; родителям. Летом они ездили на родине у &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;своих&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; родителей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="7239" LastEditDate="2017-03-18T00:43:12.837" LastActivityDate="2017-03-19T13:31:35.233" Title="When to not use свой?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14103" CreationDate="2017-03-16T17:19:48.080" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, in Russia, your second name is your father's full name+vich/ovich&#xA;For example, my name is Mikhail and my dad's name is vladimir (coincidentally). So, my full name is Mikhail Vladimirovich+family name. For females, the second name will have vna/ovna instead of vich/ovich. Hope this helps)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8703" LastActivityDate="2017-03-16T17:19:48.080" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14107" CreationDate="2017-03-16T21:16:12.960" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the first and second persons, singular or plural, the use of свой is optional, but preferred :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я потерял свою книгу./Я потерял мою книгу&#xA;  Напишите свой адрес./ Напишите ваш адрес.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Свой should be used with the third person, singular or plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он потерял свою книгу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По Розенталю:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Возможно синонимическое употребление притяжательных местоимений &lt;em&gt;мой-свой&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt;твой-свой&lt;/em&gt; и т.п.&#xA;  Я предаюсь моим мечтам (Пушкин).Я не потерплю в своем доме воров (Чехов)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes possessive pronouns are redundant, because the situation itself clears up the matter (к нашим друзьям– к друзьям).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-03-17T05:07:47.867" LastActivityDate="2017-03-17T05:07:47.867" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14110" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14173" CreationDate="2017-03-16T21:59:37.427" Score="8" ViewCount="921" Body="&lt;p&gt;Часто есть сомнения о том, как правильно существительно будет писаться во множественном числе. Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Корпуса или корпусы.&#xA;Сервера или серверы.&#xA;Конвееры, но ведь может быть и конвеера? Хотя понятно что это не верно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При чем я знаю, что как в примере со словом &quot;корпус&quot;, в зависимости от значения, будет и так и так. Так как же узнать какой вариант правильный? Есть ли вообще какое-то логическое правило, определяющее форму окончания? Спасибо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8705" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T12:08:34.263" Title="Каким правилом определяется какая буква, а или ы, будет во множественном числе существительного" Tags="&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14107" CreationDate="2017-03-17T07:45:34.033" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both forms are OK. Though there could be a (very) small difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian speakers often tend to use the word &quot;свой&quot; as exclusive term, while &quot;наш&quot; is inclusive. Let's consider the following situation: there are three persons: person A (speaker), person B (whom A talks to) and person C (who just keeps silence for a moment). So if A says &quot;to our friend&quot; what he really means? This is either the friend of A and C, or the friend of A, B and C altogether. IMO, it's a bit more natural in Russian to use form of &quot;свой&quot; in the first case, and the form of &quot;наш&quot; in the second one. Though even here it's not a strict rule. So if Russian speaker really needs to stress it's &quot;the friend of all of us&quot; he rather says &quot;наш с тобой друг&quot;, or &quot;наш общий друг&quot;, or something like that. Otherwise it's still a bit unclear as both forms could be used interchangeably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-03-17T07:45:34.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14107" CreationDate="2017-03-17T07:59:25.783" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;When &lt;em&gt;наш&lt;/em&gt; is used in the inclusive sense (that is, talking about our common professor), then it is not at all synonymous with &lt;em&gt;свой&lt;/em&gt; (which would imply the professor is ours but not yours). However, it is hard to know if which meaning is intended in your examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In any case, these phrases would sound as natural without determiners, so you may safely skip them unless there is a risk for confusion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2017-03-17T07:59:25.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14107" CreationDate="2017-03-17T10:56:08.083" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;William, that's a preety hard question to answer, but i'll try to do my best,so:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those tables look very accurate &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/pronouns.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/pronouns.php&lt;/a&gt;. As well as those ones &lt;a href=&quot;http://russianlearn.com/grammar/category/possessive_pronouns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://russianlearn.com/grammar/category/possessive_pronouns&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's pretty clear that the stadndard usage of those posessive pronouns will be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда ты отдашь мне мою книгу?&#xA;Я скоро отдам тебе твою книгу.&#xA;Когда ты отдашь ей ее книгу?&#xA;Когда ты отдашь ему его книгу?&#xA;Нам нужна наша книга.&#xA;Вам нужна ваша книга?&#xA;And so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And it gets harder with &quot;one's own&quot;. As I would imagine, it's more for generalizing, say:&#xA;Каждому нужна своя книга. (everybody needs his/her book)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BUT. NOT EXACTLY GENERALIZING. And this fact made me think that's gonna be hard to explain that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've come up with the thought that we tend to use &quot;свой&quot; in imperatives&#xA;E.G.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подними свою руку!&#xA;Подними свои руки.&#xA;Забери свою книгу.&#xA;Иди к своему профессору! (we can say this way if we are irritated (for example if the person quotes the professor too often or anything) So it definitely has to do with emphasis&#xA;Напишите свой адрес.&#xA;Расскажите о своем брате. (but we can also say &quot;о вашем брате&quot;) Bearing in mind the examples from your book, I'd say that accosding to the rule, it is more correct to say &quot;вашем&quot;.&#xA;While you can never say under any sircumstances Расскажи о твоем брате. It is just plain wrong. So it is gonna be:&#xA;Расскажи о своем брате.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then the next thing I'd like to pay your attention to will be the examples of the usage of possessive pronouns with the members of the family, and, say, with a word &quot;professor&quot; (I just decided to use this word because it is used in your textbook) So, now I'll try to provide you with examples of the usage of the words &quot;a sister&quot; and &quot;a professor&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Statements (со местоимениями &quot;моя&quot; и &quot;своя&quot;): Это моя сестра. Я люблю свою сестру. Я люблю нашу сестру (if it matters that there are some other siblins). Расскажи о моей сестре. Моя сестра ему нравится.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions (с местоимениями &quot;твоя&quot; и &quot;своя&quot;) : Это твоя сестра? Ты любишь свою сестру? Ты любишь вашу сестру? Что бы ты мог сказать о своей сестре? Как думаешь, ему нравится твоя сестра?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I sould say that looking at what I wrote above I'm like &quot;What the hell, there's no logic&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean posessive pronouns are soooo semantically tricky.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But definitely I know where to use which and there's what I think:&#xA;If you want to ask somebody about a person or an object that either is related to him/her or belongs to him/her, you use &quot;свой&quot;&#xA;Раскажи о своем велосипеде.&#xA;Расскажи о своем брате.&#xA;Расскажи о своей книге.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BUT.&#xA;Расскажи о вашем профессоре. (because he/she teaches not only you, typically there's a group)&#xA;Расскажите о вашей книге (because it's a polite form so you use plural) (or because you're asking several people)&#xA;And so I can infer that свой is typically not used when you ask several people about the people related to them or the thing belonging to them.&#xA;And that looks like the answer to your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NOW ABOUT &quot;РАССКАЖИ О МОЕЙ СЕСТРЕ&quot;&#xA;That seems pretty logic. because if you say &quot;расскажи о своей сестре&quot; that would mean &quot;tell about your sister&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NOW ABOUT &quot;ЭТО ТВОЯ СЕСТРА?&quot; you can't ask &quot;Это своя сестра?&quot; cause that sounds conpletely illogic. But we do have a question &quot;Это свои?&quot; When for example you're at war and so you have &quot;your men&quot; and &quot;not your men&quot; who are &quot;свои&quot; и &quot;чужие&quot; respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So now let's talk about a professor&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a professor typically gives lectures to several people, as I've mentioned above and so it is preferable to say &quot;ваш&quot;, because if you say &quot;расскажи о своем профессоре&quot; that makes sense, but saying so you ignore the fact that he/she teaches other people as well (but it's ok to say so as I presume)&#xA; So the examples would be&#xA;statements: Наш профессор читает интересные лекции. Наш профессор хорошо преподает. Наш профессор ценит своих студентов.&#xA;questions: Вы не могли бы расскать о вашем профессоре? Ваш профессор хорошо преподает? Ваш профессор ценит своих студентов?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can probably ask why not &quot;его студентов&quot;.&#xA;We can certainly use &quot;его студентов&quot; but in another context.&#xA;We'll say&#xA;Он любит своих студентов.&#xA;Я люблю свою сестру.&#xA;Он любит свою сестру.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if we word the sentence differently, we use &quot;его, ее, мою...&quot;&#xA;Его студентов обокрали. (кто-то обокрал)&#xA;Мою сестру преследуют (кто-то преследует мою сестру)&#xA;Иван любит его сестру.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, it's ok to say &quot;Иван любит его сестру&quot; when talking about someone else's sister, it would be translated &quot;Ivan loves his(someone else's sister). But if you say &quot;Иван любит свою сестру&quot; that means that &quot;Ivan loves his(his own) sister&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I really hope that helps&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8361" LastActivityDate="2017-03-17T10:56:08.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="187" CreationDate="2017-03-17T13:42:51.473" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, as a native Russian, I should not but say that variant with &quot;О&quot; is right grammatically, vice verse &quot;Ах..еть&quot; is not: there is no such a prefix &quot;А-&quot; before root in Russian.&#xA;It's better to &lt;em&gt;know&lt;/em&gt; but &lt;em&gt;not use&lt;/em&gt; this word, my friend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8708" LastActivityDate="2017-03-17T13:42:51.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1407" CreationDate="2017-03-17T15:53:43.650" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to comprehensive answers provided above, I would like to add examples when nouns &lt;em&gt;хуй&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;пизда&lt;/em&gt; (specifically in singular, nominative case) can be used to express negative meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Хуй&lt;/em&gt; can be used to denote failure to obtain something or strong refusal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Думаешь, они мне заплатили? А вот хуй!&lt;/em&gt; - You think they paid me? Fuck no!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Хотел пойти погулять. Хуй там! Пошёл такой дождь, что пришлось вернуться.&lt;/em&gt; - I wanted to go for a walk. Like fuck I could! It started raining so [hard], I had to go back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Хочешь денег? Хуй тебе!&lt;/em&gt; You want some money [from me]? You get nothing, fuck you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пизда&lt;/em&gt; means something broke, or there are inevitable grim consequences ahead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Моей машине пизда – двигатель сломался.&lt;/em&gt; My car is fucked up, its engine is broken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ну всё, урод, тебе пизда.&lt;/em&gt; Game over asshole, [I] will fuck you up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он разозлил начальника, теперь ему пизда.&lt;/em&gt; He made the boss angry, he's in deep shit now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also there are stable combinations like &lt;em&gt;накрыться пиздой / пойти по пизде&lt;/em&gt; - this usually describes a technical device that started to malfunction so seriously it can't be fixed. At least, not without much trouble:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Телевизор накрылся пиздой / Телевизор пошёл по пизде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-03-17T15:53:43.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14116" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14117" CreationDate="2017-03-17T22:50:22.773" Score="2" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase is: &quot;Часто днём бегу в спортзал или в бассейн&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the author wants to emphasize on the action rather than where he does the action, he uses the places in nominative? I would expect from what I learned something similar to&#xA;Я часто бегу в спортзале или в бассейне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8657" LastActivityDate="2017-03-23T11:52:44.690" Title="Why do not use prepositional case to indicate position in the following sentence" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14116" CreationDate="2017-03-18T00:00:01.713" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;To describe &lt;strong&gt;location&lt;/strong&gt; where the action is performed, i.e. to answer the question &lt;strong&gt;Где? (Where?)&lt;/strong&gt;, you need a construction &quot;&lt;code&gt;в/на&lt;/code&gt; + noun in &lt;strong&gt;prepositional&lt;/strong&gt; case&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я бегаю в спортзале.&#xA;  Он плавает в бассейне.&#xA;  Я гуляю на улице.&#xA;  Птица сидит на дереве.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I run at the gym. He swims at the swimming pool. I walk in the street. A bird sits on the tree.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if you want to describe &lt;strong&gt;direction&lt;/strong&gt; of an action, i.e. to answer the question &lt;strong&gt;Куда? (Where to?)&lt;/strong&gt;, you need a construction &quot;&lt;code&gt;в/на&lt;/code&gt; + noun in &lt;strong&gt;accusative&lt;/strong&gt; case&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду в спортзал.&#xA;  Он бежит в бассейн.&#xA;  Я выхожу на улицу.&#xA;  Кошка лезет на дерево.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I am going to the gym. He is running to the swimming pool. I go out into the street. A cat is climbing the tree.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your example belongs to the second type (direction), that's why the nouns are in accusative (which is equal to nominative for these exact words).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="6725" LastEditDate="2017-03-18T00:06:14.410" LastActivityDate="2017-03-18T00:06:14.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14118" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-18T02:51:06.900" Score="2" ViewCount="573" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to get a tattoo with Lenin's quote &quot;кто кого опередит?&quot;  I was originally just going to do the first two words, but the Cyrillic lettering is so beautiful in the last word.  I've only seen the last word in a few of the references that I checked.  I want to know if it is more specific/elaborate or a full sentence with the third word included because my Russian language is very limited but I have a deep fascination with Russian history.  Any help would be appreciated!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8712" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2017-03-18T14:21:08.377" LastActivityDate="2017-03-19T18:05:54.117" Title="Is there a longer version of Lenin's quote &quot;кто кого опередит?&quot;" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14118" CreationDate="2017-03-18T04:11:11.557" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a Russian, the verb &lt;code&gt;опередит&lt;/code&gt; is close to the colloquial, moderately taboo, verb &lt;code&gt;пердит&lt;/code&gt; (farts, singular first face of &lt;code&gt;пердеть&lt;/code&gt;). You can even add a prefix о-, making a verb &lt;code&gt;опердит&lt;/code&gt; (will fart on (somebody), or will fart all over (somebody), in third face singular).  Russians will laugh to this tatoo, because, changing one letter, it means &quot;who will fart on who&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I doubt that this semi-taboo verb existed in time of Lenin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;опередить&lt;/code&gt; means to be first by scores (mostly in sports, games, and other competitions) or by time (in any environment).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2017-03-18T04:11:11.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14118" CreationDate="2017-03-18T04:33:44.480" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wiki: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who,_whom%3F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Who, whom?&lt;/a&gt; Кто кого?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is a Bolshevist principle or slogan which was formulated by Lenin in 1921.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lenin is supposed to have stated at the second All-Russian Congress of Political Education Departments, on 17 October 1921,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Весь вопрос — кто кого опередит?&#xA;&quot;The whole question is — who will overtake whom?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the tattoo, I suggest using a short version: &lt;code&gt;Кто кого?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2017-03-18T04:33:44.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14122" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14118" CreationDate="2017-03-18T09:21:47.310" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;code&gt;опережать/опередить&lt;/code&gt; is quite neutral and common. It is derived from &lt;code&gt;перед&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;em&gt;fore, front&lt;/em&gt;) and means &quot;&lt;em&gt;to overtake, to be faster/ahead of smb.&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. It is by no means taboo/offensive/colloquial/weird/obsolete, or in any other way inappropriate. You can safely use it on a tattoo, if you wish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure about the historical context, but in general the meaning of &lt;code&gt;кто кого опередит&lt;/code&gt; is more narrow than of simply &lt;code&gt;кто кого&lt;/code&gt;. The first phrase literally means &quot;&lt;em&gt;who will be ahead of (faster than) whom&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, and the last one - just &quot;&lt;em&gt;who will win whom&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, not necessarily by being faster, but maybe stronger, smarter or something else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastActivityDate="2017-03-18T09:21:47.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14123" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-18T17:08:26.777" Score="1" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need some help with this. Can you pls take a closer look if I did this ok?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Np хорóшие мáтери&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gp хорóших матерéй&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dp хорóшим матеря'м&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ap хорóших матерéй&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ip хорóшими матеря'ми&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lp хорóших матеря'х&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Accusative animate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ns хóрошая мáть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gs хорóшей мáтери&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ds хорóшей мáтери&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As хорóшую мáть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is хорошей матерью&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ls хорóшей мáтери&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Accusative animate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8713" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-03-24T11:11:28.303" LastActivityDate="2017-03-24T11:11:28.303" Title="Declension of &quot;хорошая мать&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14107" CreationDate="2017-03-19T13:31:35.233" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Свой&quot; is what belongs to you or relative to you, of your own and &quot;твой, наш, ее, их...&quot; means..something similar):&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Уберите свою собаку от моих детей!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Уберите вашу собаку от моих детей!  - both possible&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Ваша собака не кусается?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Забери свой компьютер из сервис-центра.  (your computer)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Заодно забери и мой компьютер из сервис-центра.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Его жену украли инопланетяне.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Он отдал инопланетянам свою жену сам.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Мой телефон не работает, дай мне свой.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Моя газета не читается, дай мне свою.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Моя газета потерялась, можно я почитаю твою?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;У меня есть три сестры.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Я берегу своих сестер.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Моих сестер зовут 1,2,3.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Как зовут твою сестру?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Помоги мне найти свой телефон!  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мой телефон у меня в кармане.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Помоги мне найти мой телефон!  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;А где ты его видел в последний раз?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8617" LastActivityDate="2017-03-19T13:31:35.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14125" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14127" CreationDate="2017-03-19T16:43:17.573" Score="-1" ViewCount="291" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to send a card to a friend in Kazakhstan. The address as she once gave me is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Kostanai city, Abaya 9/1, 1 &quot;B&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and I believe the postal code is 110005 (but may be wrong).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From my looking around online I think the address should be...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Abaya 9/1, 1 &quot;B&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Костанай, Костанайский ОФ&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Костанайская область&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Kazakhstan (KZ)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    110005&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this correct? What is &quot;Abaya&quot; in Cyrillic writing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8716" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2017-03-19T18:41:38.667" LastActivityDate="2017-03-19T18:41:38.667" Title="Help with a Kazakh postal address" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2017-03-21T05:43:41.877" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14125" CreationDate="2017-03-19T18:28:53.307" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually &quot;Abaya&quot; is written in Latin and it is correct. &#xA;I think it should be like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;110005 Abaya street 9/1, 1 &quot;B&quot;,&#xA;Kostanay city,&#xA;Kazakhstan&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but your version is correct too&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8676" LastActivityDate="2017-03-19T18:28:53.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14128" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-19T21:55:59.470" Score="2" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was having a discussion with a Russian speaker, and he told me it's acceptable to use the present tense after a conditional clause with &quot;eсли бы&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought that whenever you used если бы, in the next clause you had to use the past tense and the бы to show the irreal state of things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From what I understand, he's trying to tell me that to say something like: &quot;Если бы я его увидел, я рад.&quot; But I could've sworn that the only correct way to say this would've been &quot;Если бы я его увидел, я &lt;em&gt;был бы&lt;/em&gt; рад.&quot; He insisted that both are correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8718" LastActivityDate="2017-03-22T04:31:31.370" Title="Is past tense + бы mandatory in the clause following a conditional clause with &quot;если бы&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14128" CreationDate="2017-03-19T22:07:24.153" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;He's wrong. Following a conditional with a present-tense clause just isn't a thing. Not even colloquial, not even &quot;incorrect but common&quot;, quite the contrary, I can't imagine it even occurring to anyone to do that, however little attention to their syntax they were paying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-03-19T22:07:24.153" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14130" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14132" CreationDate="2017-03-20T06:48:37.833" Score="7" ViewCount="267" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is the adjective &quot;&lt;strong&gt;главный&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in neuter gender in the following sentence? &lt;code&gt;метод&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;результат&lt;/code&gt; are masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;главное не метод, а результат.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8126" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T20:20:28.643" Title="Why is the adjective &quot;главное&quot; in neuter gender?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14128" CreationDate="2017-03-20T07:34:18.583" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes people in a live speech just omit &quot;был бы&quot;, so it might look like a present tense (as you should know null verb in Russian usually stands for present tense). But it's really just an elliptical construct. Fro example, &quot;Если бы я это сделал, то мне [был бы] конец&quot;. That's not a present tense but simply a way to eat out a few words in a sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T07:34:18.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14132" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14130" CreationDate="2017-03-20T07:56:21.553" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here an adjective &quot;главный&quot; becomes a noun (the substantivation). The neuter form is chosen because &quot;the main thing&quot; (which it stands for) is a pure abstraction. It could also be, for example, &quot;Главное не победа, а участие&quot; - still neuter gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But of course the gender matters if you're talking about human beings or animals. For example, &quot;I'm the boss&quot; could be either &quot;Главный здесь я&quot; (masc.) or &quot;Главная здесь я&quot; (fem.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T07:56:21.553" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14130" CreationDate="2017-03-20T08:33:17.973" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a nominalized adjective, similar to those in English &quot;orange is the new black&quot;, &quot;eat fresh&quot;, &quot;bowl of red&quot; etc. It acts as a subject in this sentence, and, therefore, does not have to agree in gender with the objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Modern Russian uses sg. neuter to form nominalized adjectives describing abstract or collective concepts: &lt;em&gt;былое&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;bygones&quot;), &lt;em&gt;приданое&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;dowry&quot;), &lt;em&gt;второе&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;main course&quot;) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Old Russian and Church Slavonic used pl. neuter for this purpose, ending in &lt;em&gt;-ая&lt;/em&gt; in nominative: &lt;em&gt;вселенная; преисподняя; святая святых; прочая, прочая, прочая&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2017-03-20T09:34:13.983" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T09:34:13.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14134" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14135" CreationDate="2017-03-20T11:04:51.953" Score="7" ViewCount="729" Body="&lt;p&gt;I translated the sentence &quot;&lt;code&gt;You make me happy.&lt;/code&gt;&quot; to Russian with an online translator. And it translated that as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ты делаешь меня счастливым.&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. Why is the instrumental case necessary here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8126" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T15:12:46.803" Title="Why is &quot;счастливый&quot; in instrumental case in the following sentence?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14134" CreationDate="2017-03-20T11:30:54.320" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Instrumental is always used when talking about being or becoming, with the exception of the copula-less present tense and the shortened form of the adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я счастлив. Я студент. Я нервный.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;[sample adjective that has no short form]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я был счастлив. Я был студентом. Я был нервным.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я буду счастлив. Я буду студентом. Я буду нервным.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Быть счастливым. Быть студентом. Быть нервным.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я стал счастливым. Я стал студентом. Я стал нервным.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;[ditto &lt;strong&gt;стану&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;становлюсь&lt;/strong&gt;]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Меня делают счастливым. Меня делают студентом. Меня делают нервным.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last example is, again, the same for all tenses and both aspects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some deviations from these patterns that come across as either bookish or colloquial, but generally, this is one of the core uses of the instrumental. In this function, it's similar (although far from identical) to the dedicated &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essive_case&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;essive case&lt;/a&gt; found in Uralic languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T11:30:54.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14134" CreationDate="2017-03-20T15:12:46.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In terms of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_aspect&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Aktionsart&lt;/a&gt;, there are two sub-aspects rendered by means of Russian Instrumental Case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first one (that is, the Essive) is indeed similar to Essive in most Uralic languages (whenever a presence of sucha a lexical aspect is a case) and refers to a condition of non-permanent state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Essive aspect can normally be substituted by a shorter form of an Adjective (similar to that of Polish and not to be confused with archaic participle-like forms, e. g. &lt;em&gt;рад, приглашён, доступен&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я был счастливым =&gt; Я был счастлив / счастливый +&lt;/em&gt; a noun.&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Я буду счастливым. =&gt; Я буду счастлив / счастливый&lt;/em&gt; + a noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other sub-aspect is Transitive, referring to becoming and/or change. The Transitive sub-aspect cannot be substituted by a shorter adjective form and requires стать / становиться, сделаться. Cf:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я стану счастлив. =&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;* Я стану счастливый&lt;/strong&gt; (this just doesn't sound like a good Russian, with or without a nominal compliment). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T15:12:46.803" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14137" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14138" CreationDate="2017-03-20T15:21:47.020" Score="2" ViewCount="136" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the sentence &quot;А чему она должна научиться?&quot; correct? (Should be &quot;and what must she learn?&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8725" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T15:40:43.930" Title="Is &quot;А чему она должна научиться?&quot; correct" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14137" CreationDate="2017-03-20T15:40:43.930" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this looks correct, meaning can be understood from English translation you provided pretty acurately. This can be used as a response to something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Она пошла в школу с углублённым изучением английского языка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– А чему она должна [там] научиться?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Не только грамматике, но и разговорной речи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– She enrolled to school majoring in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– And what will she learn [there]?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Not only grammar, but also speaking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Она не сможет работать, пока не пройдёт обучение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– А чему она должна научиться?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– She won't be able to work before she undergoes training.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– And what must she learn?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T15:40:43.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14130" CreationDate="2017-03-20T15:50:38.590" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is method which is important here, not the result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &quot;important&quot; is related to &quot;it&quot;, not to &quot;method&quot;. Why do you think it should relate to method in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T15:50:38.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14130" CreationDate="2017-03-20T16:31:04.973" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;главное&quot; in this sentence plays the part of a noun in the meaning &quot;the most important in general&quot; and is used in the neuter gender. This meaning is mentioned in some dictionaries (Кузнецов Толковый словарь and Малый академический словарь)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Гла́вное, -ого; ср. Несколько слов о самом главном. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When &quot;главное&quot; is a subject and there is no verb (a copular be) we put a dash after it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Главное – не метод,а результат. Главное – люди. Главное – не опоздать на поезд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a subject it doesn't depend on  other words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-03-20T19:58:47.557" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T19:58:47.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14123" CreationDate="2017-03-20T16:52:58.313" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, it sure does look correct... Actually, i use &quot;О&quot; to help myself in L.P. I.e: О хороших матерях. Good luck with your studies (Glad someone remembers us funky Russians...)!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8703" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T16:52:58.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14128" CreationDate="2017-03-20T16:59:05.890" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would have been very convenient to consider that we always have the past tense in both clauses in case of unreal condition. And it is correct in most cases. And you are right that there cannot be a present tense. But Russian is a tricky language sometimes and there can be other combinations. So we can't say that the past tense is mandatory. Here are several examples where either the if - clause or the main clause do not correspond the usual standard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.Я бы вас бросил, если бы не ваш идиотизм.&#xA;  2.Если б хоть ненадолго заставить его замолчать, можно было бы собраться с мыслями.&#xA;  3.Если бы мои родители могли предвидеть, во что выльется легкомысленный шаг отца, не бывать бы мне на тех футбольных матчах. [Е. Рубин. Пан или пропал. Жизнеописание (1999-2000)]&#xA;  4. Всё равно, если бы и догнала, при отце он со мной говорить не будет… &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-03-22T04:31:31.370" LastActivityDate="2017-03-22T04:31:31.370" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14110" CreationDate="2017-03-20T20:07:53.987" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Думаю, со словом «конвейер» больше подходит «ы»: конвейер&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Все конвейеры запущены.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Все серверы подключены.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Все корпуса изготовлены.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8617" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-12T12:08:34.263" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T12:08:34.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14130" CreationDate="2017-03-20T20:20:28.643" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;главное не метод, а результат.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;it's not the method what is important, it's the result.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;it's not about the method, it's about the result.&#xA;главное не победа, а участие.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;it's not the victory what is important, it's the participation.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;or&lt;br&gt;&#xA;it's not about the victory, it's about participation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8617" LastActivityDate="2017-03-20T20:20:28.643" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14145" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14146" CreationDate="2017-03-21T11:35:14.917" Score="3" ViewCount="477" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am new to Russian language and I have consulted several sources about this but can not get a clear picture about this. I am looking for a method on how to solve these type of questions (not that you solve this for me). Explain how to solve these type of questions. How do you go about when you identify what it is, what is the characteristic part? I listed the various cases I ran into. There might be some others I did not get exposed to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;работающий&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сделанный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;гуляя&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;спросив&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8729" LastEditorUserId="8729" LastEditDate="2017-03-21T12:30:27.773" LastActivityDate="2017-03-22T04:51:53.817" Title="gerund or particip?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14145" CreationDate="2017-03-21T13:39:16.993" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;By their case endings, and, sometimes, by a word stress, that is:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;words ending by &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ий;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ый&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; could be either participles or adjectives. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An implication of a transitive action required for the word to be a participle is usually expressed by a communicative ellipsis (so-called 'zero communication').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.1. When preceding by &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-н(н)-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - that is, in words like  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;--нный (сделанный, отвеченный, приобретённый, купленный)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; they are, at 94% probability Past Tense Participles (Massculine Grammatical Gender). The exeptions are words like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;стеклянный, оловянный, деревянный, сонный, сезонный,  странный.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.2. A word ending in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ный&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is most likely to be an Adjective (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;жареный,  мраморный, раненый, купленый&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.3. A word ending in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-н(н)ий&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; could be a Masculin Adjective and nothing else: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;синий, ранний, зимний.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.4. As for form &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-н(н)ой,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; there is a 93% probability that this is either Genitive or Instrumental Case of the same participle/adjective type as above in 1.1.-1.2 (save 1.3):  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;стеклянной, оловянной, деревянной, сонной, сезонной,  странной, жареной, мраморной, раненой.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Judging by the fact that persons speaking Russian as their first native language are more prone to use Genitive whenever it's possible (and sometime even when it's impossible) when they learn a language with a Genitive-like case within its case system, such a form is more likely to be a Feminine Genitive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;2. The Russian passive participles do differ by their grammatical genders, whilest the active participles (I suppose this is what you call 'Gerund') don't.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.1. A word ending by &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-яя&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is 93% likely to be a 'Gerund' from a &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ять-/ -ить-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ending verbs ( &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;меняя, цепляя, примеряя, примиряя, извиняя, обвиняя&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ), but there is also a possibility that it could be a Feminine Adjective of the abovementioned 1.3 type: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;синяя, ранняя, зимняя.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.1. A word ending by &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ая&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; could be either a 'Gerund' form of a  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ать-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ending verb ( &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;думая, зная, отвечая&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ) or a Feminine Nominative Adjective / Participle: adjectives &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;крупная, купленая, жареная, мраморная, раненая&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  VS   participles &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сделанный, отвеченный, приобретённый, купленный&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.1.1. When preceded by &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-нн-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, it's usually a participle: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сделанная, отвеченная, приобретённая, купленная.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.1.2. When preceded by &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-н-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, it's usually an adjective: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;жареная, раненая, мраморная, купленая.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.1.3. The difference between a 'Gerund' and a 'Feminine Participle' is most frequently stated by presence / absence of &lt;strong&gt;-н(н)-&lt;/strong&gt;. Thus, words like  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;продуманная, признанная, отвеченная, купленная, приобретённая, сделанная&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; are 'Participles' while words like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;думая, зная, отвечая, покупая, приобретая, делая&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; are not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.2. Very seldom it could be a feminine loanword from Sanskrit (e. g.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самАя&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - not to be confused with a feminine form &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сАмая&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; of superlative adjective &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самый&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, sometimes also spelled &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самайя&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.3. A word ending by &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ея&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is either a 'Gerund' from a &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-еть-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ending word (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;смея, белея, зверея&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) or a feminine noun/adjective (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;змеЯ, ворожея, камея&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) , or an Accusative form of a Single Masculine Animate Noun (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;змЕя, чародея, злодея&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;). In the latter case, it is normally preceded by a transitive verb (or by an ellyptic context within a zero-communication structure).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.4. A word ending in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ив&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is most likely to be an Active Participle of a Past Tense from an &lt;strong&gt;*-ить-***ending verb: ***ответив, уложив.*&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.5. A word ending by &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ев&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; could be, in order of probability, either an Active Participle of the same type (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;посмев, забелев, озверев&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) or a Masculine Noun (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;лев, зев&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;), or a short form of a masculine adjective (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;левый&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;; in this case it is usually not followed by a noun).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.6. Last, but not least, an &lt;strong&gt;-ав&lt;/strong&gt; - ending word is either a masculine nominative for a  noun from a semi-archaic stock ending in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-глав&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Триглав, псоглав, златоглав, etc.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or an adverb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;стремглав&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) or, again and most likely, a Past Tense PArticiple from an -&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-ending verb: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;подумав, признав, сделав, сказав.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NB: the letter Ё ё is rarely used in modern Russian writing, so the words &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;приобретённый, приобретённая&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; could be spelled as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;приобретенный, приобретенная.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-03-21T13:46:59.927" LastActivityDate="2017-03-21T13:46:59.927" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14147" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-21T14:05:56.427" Score="1" ViewCount="10571" Body="&lt;p&gt;Пытаюсь научиться говорить по-русски, если вы мне поможете, то я буду очень рад! &#xA;Всегда путаю и неправильно говорю вот эти слова: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;позвонить звонить&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  отковырять ковырять&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  проставить ставить&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  пускают спускают&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  увидеть видеть&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  сменить менять&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  поговорить говорить&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  прописать писать&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В каких ситуациях говорятся первые, а в каких вторые? В чём разница?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Первые - это в основном с приставками, вторые - без. В чём разница?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И в чём тогда разница между &quot;заплатить&quot; и &quot;оплатить&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Заранее вам спасибо, жду ваших ответов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8245" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-03-23T10:56:44.103" LastActivityDate="2017-03-25T07:38:19.203" Title="В каких случаях употреблять &quot;позвонить&quot;, а в каких &quot;звонить&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14145" CreationDate="2017-03-21T20:36:03.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;работающий – работа/ть &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сделанный – сдела/ть &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;гуляя – гуля/ть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;спросив – спроси/ть &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first point to distinguish between причастиями and деепричастиями and other parts of speech, such as nouns and adjectives is to &lt;strong&gt;find the verb&lt;/strong&gt; from which they were formed (using a dictionary). Because in some cases it's impossible  &quot;оловянный&quot;,&quot;чародея&quot;,&quot;камея&quot;,&quot;мраморная&quot;,&quot;трехглав&quot;, you don't need further research. Then look at the suffix, which follows the stem, they are usually listed in textbooks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У &lt;strong&gt;действительных&lt;/strong&gt; причастий, находящихся в &lt;strong&gt;настоящем&lt;/strong&gt; времени, суффиксы такие: &lt;strong&gt;ущ/ющ&lt;/strong&gt; (танцующий, поющий), &lt;strong&gt;ащ/ящ&lt;/strong&gt; (кричащий, летящий). У &lt;strong&gt;страдательных&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;ем-&lt;/strong&gt; (колеблемый), &lt;strong&gt;-ом-&lt;/strong&gt; (влекомый), &lt;strong&gt;им&lt;/strong&gt;(зависимый). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда причастия стоят в &lt;strong&gt;прошедшем&lt;/strong&gt; времени, отличать их будем также по залогу. &lt;strong&gt;Действ&lt;/strong&gt;.прич. : &lt;strong&gt;-вш-&lt;/strong&gt; (купивший),&lt;strong&gt;ш&lt;/strong&gt; (выросший). &lt;strong&gt;Страд.**прич. : **т-&lt;/strong&gt; (расколотый), &lt;strong&gt;-енн-&lt;/strong&gt; (прокрученный), &lt;strong&gt;-нн-&lt;/strong&gt; (вымерянный).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Деепричастия&lt;/strong&gt; don't have voice,they have tense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Наст.вр.&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;-а&lt;/strong&gt; (не спеша), &lt;strong&gt;-я&lt;/strong&gt; (угадывая), &lt;strong&gt;-учи&lt;/strong&gt; (будучи), &lt;strong&gt;-ючи&lt;/strong&gt; (припеваючи). &lt;strong&gt;Прошедшее время&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;-в&lt;/strong&gt; (сделав), &lt;strong&gt;-вши&lt;/strong&gt;( не знавши).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are the main rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-03-22T04:51:53.817" LastActivityDate="2017-03-22T04:51:53.817" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14149" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-22T14:31:06.817" Score="8" ViewCount="329" Body="&lt;p&gt;Довольно часто в разговорной речи я слышу, что в побудительных фразах используются глаголы множественного числа первого лица настоящего времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, контроллер в автобусе: &lt;em&gt;&quot;Садимся, не задерживаем рейс&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На приеме окулиста: &lt;em&gt;&quot;Смотрим на первую строчку. Читаем буквы вслух&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В книжках по грамматике описания этого явления не нашел. К какому наклонению следует относить эти глаголы к повелительному или изъявительному?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4121" LastEditorUserId="4121" LastEditDate="2017-03-22T14:45:26.553" LastActivityDate="2017-03-24T10:39:04.547" Title="Какое наклонение у глаголов в репликах &quot;Проходим!&quot;, &quot;Не задержимаемся!&quot; и т.д" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14149" CreationDate="2017-03-22T14:52:35.923" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это одна из форм &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bibliotekar.ru/russkiy-yazik-2/170.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;повелительного наклонения&lt;/a&gt;. У него &lt;a href=&quot;http://uchim.org/russkij-yazyk/naklonenie-glagola&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;много вариантов есть&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«стоять!» (= инфинитиву)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«встали!» (= прошедшему времени)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«пойдём!», «пойдёмте!» (= формам&#xA;будущего времени 1-го лица мн. ч.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«да здравствует!» (= настоящему времени 3-го лица ед. ч.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«помог бы ты мне!» (= форме условного наклонения)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«награди тебя Бог!» (обращение формой 2-го лица к 3-му лицу)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и т. д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-03-22T14:59:05.490" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14149" CreationDate="2017-03-23T11:17:36.553" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Так называемый &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;инклюзивный&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/imperativ-v-raznostrukturnyh-yazykah-v-kontrastivno-tipologicheskom-plane&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;императив&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, ещё одно наследие финно-угорских языков.&#xA;Возможно и франкофонное влияние, но версия с инклюзивным императивом лично мне представляется более достоверной, т. к. в кругах, где используется такая форма, вряд ли ценится наследие именно франкофонной традиции. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Может быть и собственно славянским явлением (по крайней мере, инклюзивный императив как самостоятельная категория &lt;a href=&quot;http://vetarsabalkana.com/d/513918/d/bosniyskiy-horvatskiy-serbskiy---grammatika-s-sociolingvisticheskimi-kommentariyami.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;выделяется в балканских языках&lt;/a&gt; - см. стр. 119), но в этом случае вновь встаёт вопрос славянской прародины.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поскольку в русской культуре важен статус в коммуникации, а в разговорной речи повелительное обращение может рассматриваться как форма речевой агрессии, то &quot;инклюзивный императив&quot; - это своеобразная форма вежливого обращения. Впрочем, именно меня такая форма обращения обычно выбешивает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом, это повелительное наклонение (императив).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-03-24T10:39:04.547" LastActivityDate="2017-03-24T10:39:04.547" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14070" CreationDate="2017-03-23T11:42:49.553" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian prepositions can express either motion/tramsition, or state (both evidential and non-evidential).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The stumbling block is usually how to distinguish between a motion (or transition) and a state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As prepositions, both &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be used to express either 'a  translative/motional or 'an existential' state. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is expressed by a case ending (and a case). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Locative (AKA 'Prepositional') is normally used with 'existential' state, while Accusative suggests motion or transition. Cf: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я на химии&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (existential, Feminine Locative, non-evidential).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я на химию&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (motion, Feminine Accusative, non-evidential).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose there is a room called 'химия' between pals of a chemistry lab. A guy willing to express his literal acts or states would use phrases like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я в &quot;химию&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (motion, Feminine Accusative, evidential)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я в &quot;химии&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (existential, Feminine Locative, evidential)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, a possessive structure (e.g. phrases like 'I have', 'I own', etc.)  is always a structure of state. Hence, it is possible to say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;После русского языка я (буду) на лекции / на химии&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;После русского языка у меня будет химия&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;После русского языка я - на химию&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but not * &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;После русского языка я буду в лекцию химия.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-03-23T11:42:49.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14116" CreationDate="2017-03-23T11:52:44.690" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Часто днём бегу в спортзал или в бассейн&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; means a transition (translative) state emphasising the direction whereto a speaker is headed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Часто днём бегу (better: бегаю) в спортзале или в бассейне&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; means the location where the action of running is taking place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The issue itself deals with three non-explicit categories of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illative_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;translativity&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_clause&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;existential&lt;/a&gt; state and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidentiality&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;evidentiality/non-evidentiality&lt;/a&gt;, which I have  explained in a response to &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/14070/what-is-%D1%83-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F-in-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D1%83-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82-%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F-why-not-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D1%80%D1%83&quot;&gt;your other question&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2017-03-23T11:52:44.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14147" CreationDate="2017-03-24T06:01:21.590" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;В списке у нас первый глагол совершенного вида, второй несовершенного.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;позвонить – звонить&#xA;отковырять – ковырять&#xA;проставить – ставить&#xA;спускают – пускают &#xA;увидеть – видеть&#xA;сменить – менять&#xA;поговорить – говорить&#xA;прописать – писать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чем они отличаются? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Глаголы совершенного вида &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.описывают &lt;strong&gt;завершенное действие&lt;/strong&gt; или то, которое &lt;strong&gt;будет завершено&lt;/strong&gt; в будущем. Они не употребляются для действий, происходящих сейчас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Завтра я поговорю с отцом. Ты позвонил другу?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;относят действие к &lt;strong&gt;определенному времени&lt;/strong&gt;, не могут описывать общие события.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Позвони ему завтра.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;описывают  результативные действия. Что‐то сделано или будет сделано.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я прочитал всю книжку. (Книга прочитана). Я сменю рубашку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.Действие обычно кратковременное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Посижу (немножко).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Глаголы несовершенного вида&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;описывают незаконченное действие&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Звоню, звоню – все без толку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.Описывают, что вы делаете сейчас, обычно делали, обычно делаете, будете делать регулярно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я говорю, что это правильно. И всегда говорил. И буду говорить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.Показывают процесс, а не результат. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я читаю. Иногда хожу в кино. Я буду кататься на лыжах зимой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.Действие более длительное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я занимался весь вечер. Я буду слушать музыку еще часа два.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-03-24T06:01:21.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14123" CreationDate="2017-03-24T10:32:03.983" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have the mistake here: Ns хóрошая мáть &#xA;The right way is: Ns хoро'шая мáть &#xA;And there will be like: Is хоро'шей ма`терью&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8744" LastActivityDate="2017-03-24T10:32:03.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14158" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14159" CreationDate="2017-03-24T22:48:33.110" Score="1" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, there are not so many tags, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, I notice two sentences;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ему интересно учить русский язык.&#xA;Learning Russian is interesting to him.&#xA;&#xA;Он интересно учит русский язык.&#xA;He learns Russian interestingly.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I immediately notice that the pronoun Ему is in &lt;strong&gt;dative&lt;/strong&gt; case when интересно is a &lt;em&gt;predicative&lt;/em&gt;, but Он is in the &lt;strong&gt;nominative&lt;/strong&gt; case when интересно is an &lt;em&gt;adverb&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this just a coincidence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't work so well in the following sentences so maybe in what follows the second sentence is meaningless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;На вечерах вам обычно скучно.&#xA;The evenings are usually boring to you.&#xA;&#xA;На вечерах они обычно скучно.&#xA;They &amp;lt;spend&amp;gt; the evenings usually boringly.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where &amp;lt; spend &gt; is obviously not there, so maybe the 2nd sentence doesn't make any sense. Can the second sentence mean anything as written?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I notice that обычно is only an adverb, or the short form of the associated adjective. In all these sentences обычно is treated as an adverb, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;update&lt;/strong&gt; So the 2nd sentence here is wrong grammatically, according to @Vitaly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, in sentence,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я думаю, им скучно.&#xA;I think they are boring.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Скучно is a predicative, right? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я думаю, они скучно.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;mean anything?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;update&lt;/strong&gt; So the 2nd sentence here is wrong grammatically, according to @Vitaly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-03-26T16:54:14.770" LastActivityDate="2017-03-26T16:54:14.770" Title="case of pronoun changes adverb to/from predicative" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14158" CreationDate="2017-03-25T06:14:23.327" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Nominative case is the only thing which makes the noun to be the subject / the doer of an action. Any other case signifies that it's somehow thought to be an object / the passive side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the Dative says to us that it's not &quot;they&quot; who possess some attribute, but rather &quot;they&quot; are posessed / influenced by something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они скучны (or скучные) --&gt; They are boring (they have a quality of being boring to other people)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Им скучно --&gt; They feel boring (sort of &quot;the boredom affects them&quot;)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Они скучно --&gt; This has no sense unless it's the part of the larger sentence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-03-25T06:14:23.327" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14147" CreationDate="2017-03-25T07:38:19.203" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Первая группа (позвонить, отковырять) – завершенная форма глагола. Обычно так говорят об однократных действиях, которые нужно завершить.&#xA;Вторая группа (звонить, ковырять) – это неопределенная форма. Так вы говорите о действиях, которые 1) делаете регулярно (простое время) или 2) в течение длительного времени (продолженное время).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По смыслу оплатить и заплатить – это одно и тоже. Но примеряется по-разному: оплатить что-то, ЗАплатить ЗА что-то.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8747" LastActivityDate="2017-03-25T07:38:19.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14161" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-25T10:15:36.427" Score="2" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often see phrases such as—&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;да ты не бойся, ты вспомни и т.п.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I have yet to come across, in a grammar, an explanation of the use of these pronouns in such cases. What meaning do they add, and where can I read about this structure? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2017-03-25T13:14:12.280" Title="Use of pronoun ТЫ as particle" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14161" CreationDate="2017-03-25T13:14:12.280" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Ты&amp;quot; (or &amp;quot;вы&amp;quot;, both plural and polite singular) here is not a particle, it's the subject of the sentence, which is usually omitted in neutral sentences. It adds a shade of familiarity and supportive, patronizing attitude towards the person you are talking to. This construction is acceptable (and widely used) wherever such attitude itself is appropriate. Once you've used it, the conversation gets less formal and more personal. Such sentences sound like either kindly advices or to-do instructions, pronounced in a patronizing tone. For example, mother can tell her little son (in mentor tone, she may be slightly irritated, because she has to repeat it every day, but not angry):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вань, ты руки-то помой после улицы!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vanya, wash your hands after playing outside!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or someone shows his pet snake to guests, who look pretty frightened, and says with a calming smile:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы не волнуйтесь, она не ядовитая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't worry, it is not venomous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or a husband says to his wife, who is going to file for divorce, in a calm and supportive, without any anger:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Маш, ты все-таки подумай еще раз, может еще не поздно все исправить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Masha, try to think once more, please, maybe it's still not too late to get it right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And about English translation, I wonder myself, how to express this properly in English. Any suggestions are welcome!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6725" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-03-25T13:14:12.280" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14163" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-25T19:01:22.750" Score="-1" ViewCount="152" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could someone please be kind enough to translate these two handwritten notes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Y7ZNh.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Note One&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/MB1GC.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Note two&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be very much appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8750" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2017-03-25T19:34:04.100" LastActivityDate="2017-03-25T19:43:49.073" Title="Please help translate handwritten notes" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-03-26T07:30:43.197" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14164" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14168" CreationDate="2017-03-25T19:38:16.240" Score="2" ViewCount="322" Body="&lt;p&gt;I realize that a couple of questions have already been posted on this topic.  The ones I took a look at have been listed below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/11506/non-numerical-use-of-%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Non-numerical use of “один”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/13618/%D0%AF-%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D1%83-numeral-noun-governed-by-what-case&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я вижу + numeral + noun - governed by what case?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither specifically answered a question that was raised for me when I read the following in the book, &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books/about/Master_the_Basics.html?id=ElY2i0ibj4EC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Master the Basics: Russian:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In Russian, the number &quot;one&quot; changes for gender -- it agrees with the noun which it qualifies.  Oddly enough, it also has a plural form which is used with nouns that exist only in the plural .... (p. 157)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It then refers the reader back to a section that includes a list of words that are found in plural form only.  Using some of those words on the list as examples, the following is my interpretation of what they mean when paired with &quot;одни&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;одни очки = one (pair of) glasses&lt;br&gt;&#xA;одни брюки = one (pair of) trousers&lt;br&gt;&#xA;одни ножницы = one (pair of) scissors&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That all seems pretty straightforward, but then I come to words such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;кавычки (quotation marks)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;скобки (parentheses)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if I needed to convey &quot;one quotation mark,&quot; or &quot;one parenthesis?&quot;  If I add &quot;одни&quot; before the words above, am I conveying &quot;one quotation mark&quot; or &quot;one (pair of) quotations marks?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, with the following, does the addition of &quot;одни&quot; in front of the noun convey &quot;one election,&quot; &quot;one clock,&quot; and &quot;one funeral?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;выборы (elections)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;часы (clock, watch)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;похороны (funeral)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I needed to specify &quot;a pair of watches,&quot; I suppose I could use &quot;пара часов.&quot;  Short of that, I am assuming that &quot;одни часы&quot; most commonly means &quot;one clock&quot; or &quot;one watch.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of the above is actually a bit of a side question that came up as I was organizing my thoughts for the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is the word &quot;одни&quot; exclusively used for words that are only found in the plural?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, a Russian would never use &quot;одни&quot; with a word found in both singular and plural, unless the meaning of &quot;some&quot; was intended, correct?  I've added some examples below and my interpretation of what they mean.  If I am wildly off mark, please let me know:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;один мир = one world&lt;br&gt;&#xA;одни миры = some worlds&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;одна женщина = one woman&lt;br&gt;&#xA;одни женщины = some women&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;одно окно = one window&lt;br&gt;&#xA;одни окна = some windows&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is my understanding of how Russians use &quot;одни&quot; correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2017-03-29T21:43:45.033" Title="Can &quot;одни&quot; be paired with words that exist in both the singular and the plural?" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14163" CreationDate="2017-03-25T19:43:49.073" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;We are not a bulk translation service. Please see &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/help/on-topic&quot;&gt;on-topic&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To help you with the translation, I've converted handwritten notes into the following text:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я забочусь о своем здоровье: соблюдаю питьевой режим, ем полезную пищу.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я забочусь о своем отдыхе: читаю, гуляю, хожу в кино, театры, музеи и на выставки, вышиваю, выжигаю по дереву, шью, создаю украшения и подарки своими руками, путешествую.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я занимаюсь любимым делом: принимаю активное участие в организации и проведении мероприятий. Я организую мероприятия как лидер.&#xA;  Моя деятельность приносит мне достойное вознаграждение: более 28000 фунтов в год.&#xA;  Моя деятельность благостна для меня и процветания рода!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2017-03-25T19:43:49.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14164" CreationDate="2017-03-25T20:00:51.483" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is another meaning of &lt;code&gt;одни + plural&lt;/code&gt;. It means &lt;code&gt;only&lt;/code&gt; in some contexts.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;одни женщины = women only.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В доме жили одни женщины = In the house there were only women.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;одни окна = only windows.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  За день мы вымыли лишь одни окна = We've washed only windows for the day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2017-03-25T20:00:51.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14158" CreationDate="2017-03-25T20:41:25.053" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English language the same word can change it's role in the sentence.  For example, &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;cut&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; could be a verb, as in &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;to cut a tree&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;  It could be a noun &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;a paper cut&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, or it could be an adjective as in &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;cut branches&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. The role that the word plays in the sentence is determined by its position relative to other words in the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian language the role of the word is determined by the word itself, i.e. by its suffixes. This role is NOT changed by word's position in a sentence, or other words.  For example, &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;интерес&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;a noun &amp;quot;the interest&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;интересный&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;an adjective &amp;quot;interesting&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;интересно&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;an adverb &amp;quot;interestingly&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;интересовать&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;a verb &amp;quot;to interest&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;. There is nothing in the sentence that would change role of those words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes (infrequently) one word-form coincides with another.  For example, an adverb &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;интересно учить&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is spelled the same as a short singular adjective in neuter gender &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;это изобретение интересно&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pattern that you probably noticed (I'm guessing here) in the sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ему&lt;/strong&gt; интересно &lt;strong&gt;учить&lt;/strong&gt; русский язык. / [It is] interesting &lt;strong&gt;to him&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;to learn&lt;/strong&gt; Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Он&lt;/strong&gt; интересно &lt;strong&gt;учит&lt;/strong&gt; русский язык. / &lt;strong&gt;He&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;learns&lt;/strong&gt; Russian interestingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is specifics of subject-less sentences. Because Russian language tends to drop the verb &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;to be&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, one gets subject-less sentences. In the first pair of sentences &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;it is&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is dropped in Russian translation.  However, &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;to him&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; translates into &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;ему&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, infinitive &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;to learn&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; -&amp;gt; &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;учить&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.  &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Интересно&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is an adverb, but in this sentence it could be called a predicative adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second pair of sentences &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;He&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; translates as &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;он&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, the verb &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;learns&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; translates into singular third-person &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;учит&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;интересно&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is still an adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a similar manner:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;им скучно = [It is] boring to them = they are bored&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a subject-less sentence, and pronoun is used in Dative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-03-25T20:41:25.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14164" CreationDate="2017-03-25T21:36:03.763" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;em&gt;скобки и кавычки,&lt;/em&gt; these are regular nouns and you can use them in singular: &lt;em&gt;одна скобка, одна кавычка.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your last example for &lt;em&gt;одни&lt;/em&gt; meaning &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; is valid &lt;strong&gt;only&lt;/strong&gt; when coupled with contradistinction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Одни женщины добры, другие - злы.&lt;/em&gt; – Some women are kind, others are evil. &lt;strong&gt;CORRECT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Некоторые женщины – добры.&lt;/em&gt; – Some women are kind. &lt;strong&gt;CORRECT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Одни женщины добры.&lt;/em&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;WRONG&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-03-25T21:42:12.230" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14164" CreationDate="2017-03-26T16:47:06.793" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;один&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;одна, одно, одни&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) changes according to a declention paradigm of a word it describes in any of its meanings (which rarely is used as an indefinite article in Western langauges). The meanings are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) some (as opposed to (an)other ones):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Одни люди умные, другие - не всегда.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cf. the usage of this word as an attribute for an object:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Одних людей ценят, других - не всегда.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (Animate object)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Одни вещи ценят(ся), другие - не всегда.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (Inanimate object).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) sheer, mere, only, nothing but, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тут одни гастарбайтеры. Там один контрафакт.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for an attribute of a &lt;em&gt;pluralia tantum&lt;/em&gt; noun, such as, e.g. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;одни ножницы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, it is never used in singular, because there no singular form of a pluralia tantum exists:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Одни ножницы острые, другие - тупые.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;На прилавке - одни ножницы.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As it was said, the words &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;кавычки&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;скобки&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; are not pluralia tantum in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-03-26T16:47:06.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14172" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14175" CreationDate="2017-03-27T01:24:31.527" Score="6" ViewCount="334" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;University professors are nearly always on вы with their students.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;School-age children are always addressed as ты by adults.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So at what stage in the education system does the switch from ты to вы happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4301" LastActivityDate="2017-03-28T13:31:16.633" Title="At what age are students addressed as вы instead of ты by their teachers?" Tags="&lt;этикет&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14110" CreationDate="2017-03-27T01:46:09.153" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так как же узнать какой вариант правильный?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Посмотреть в словаре: &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;корпус&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;договор&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Точнее, это &quot;нормативный&quot;. А что еще может означать &quot;правильный&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Есть ли вообще какое-то логическое правило, определяющее форму окончания?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот что пишет по этому поводу Корней Чуковский в книге &quot;Живой как жизнь&quot; (1961 г.):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Такое же недоумение вызывала во мне новоявленная форма: выбора́&#xA;  (вместо вы́боры), договора́ (вместо догово́ры), лектора́ (вместо&#xA;  ле́кторы). В ней слышалось мне что-то залихватское, бесшабашное,&#xA;  забубенное, ухарское. Напрасно я утешал себя тем, что эту форму уже&#xA;  давно узаконил русский литературный язык. — Ведь, — говорил я себе, —&#xA;  еще Ломоносов двести лет тому назад утверждал, что русские люди&#xA;  предпочитают окончание «а» «скучной букве» «и» в окончаниях слов:&#xA;  облака, острова, леса вместо облаки, островы, лесы. Кроме того, прошло&#xA;  лет сто, а пожалуй, и больше, с тех пор, как русские люди перестали&#xA;  говорить и писать: домы, докторы, учители, профессоры, слесари,&#xA;  юнкеры, пекари, писари, флигели и охотно заменили их формами: дома́,&#xA;  учителя́, профессора́, слесаря́, флигеля́, юнкера́, пекаря́ и т.д.&#xA;  Мало того: следующее поколение придало ту же залихватскую форму новым&#xA;  десяткам слов, таким, как: бухгалтеры, томы, катеры, тополи, лагери,&#xA;  дизели. Стали говорить и писать:бухгалтера́, тома́, катера́, тополя́,&#xA;  лагеря́, дизеля́ и т.д. Если бы Чехов, например, услышал слово тома́,&#xA;  он подумал бы, что речь идет о французском композиторе Амбруазе Тома́.&#xA;  Казалось бы, довольно. Но нет. Пришло новое поколение, и я услыхал от&#xA;  него: шофера́, автора́, библиотекаря́, сектора́, прибыля́, отпуска́. И&#xA;  еще через несколько лет: выхода́, супа́, матеря́, дочеря́, секретаря́,&#xA;  плоскостя́, скоростя́, ведомостя́, возраста́, площадя́. III Всякий раз&#xA;  я приходил к убеждению, что протестовать против этих для меня&#xA;  уродливых слов бесполезно. Я мог сколько угодно возмущаться, выходить&#xA;  из себя, но нельзя же было не видеть, что здесь на протяжении столетия&#xA;  происходит какой-то безостановочный стихийный процесс замены&#xA;  безударного окончания ы(и) сильно акцентированным окончанием а(я). И&#xA;  кто же поручится, что наши правнуки не станут говорить и писать:&#xA;  крана́, актера́, медведя́, желудя́. Наблюдая за пышным расцветом этой&#xA;  ухарской формы, я не раз утешал себя тем, что эта форма завладевает&#xA;  главным образом такими словами, которые в данном профессиональном&#xA;  (иногда очень узком) кругу упоминаются чаще всего: форма торта́&#xA;  существует только в кондитерских, супа́ — в ресторанных кухнях,&#xA;  площадя́ — в домовых управлениях, трактора́ и скоростя́ — у&#xA;  трактористов. Пожарные говорят: факела́. Электрики — кабеля́ и&#xA;  штепселя́. Певчие в «Спевке» Слепцова: концерта́, тенора́ (1863). Не&#xA;  станем сейчас заниматься вопросом, желателен ли этот процесс или нет,&#xA;  об этом разговор впереди, а покуда нам важно отметить один&#xA;  многознаменательный факт: все усилия бесчисленных ревнителей чистоты&#xA;  языка остановить этот бурный процесс или хотя бы ослабить его до сих&#xA;  пор остаются бесплодными. Если бы мне даже и вздумалось сейчас&#xA;  написать «то́мы Шекспира», я могу быть заранее уверенным, что в моей&#xA;  книге напечатают: «тома́ Шекспира», так как то́мы до того устарели,&#xA;  что современный читатель почуял бы в них стилизаторство, жеманность,&#xA;  манерничание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-04-03T21:30:46.027" LastActivityDate="2017-04-03T21:30:46.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14098" CreationDate="2017-03-27T02:01:36.097" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вот приказ Минобрнауки России &quot;Об утверждении списка грамматик, словарей и справочников, содержащих нормы современного русского литературного языка при его использовании в качестве государственного языка Российской Федерации&quot;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/docs?layout=item&amp;amp;id=16_12&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/docs?layout=item&amp;amp;id=16_12&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Негусто, но хоть что-то.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-03-27T02:01:36.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14172" CreationDate="2017-03-27T02:12:35.223" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;From my personal experience the switch happens when the student leaves school (around the age of 17) and goes to university. It depends on individual teachers of course. Some school teachers might address senior schoolchildren as &lt;code&gt;вы&lt;/code&gt; in an attempt to promote their self-esteem and sense of responsibility. University students may get an occasional &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt;, especially if they are misbehaving. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-03-27T02:12:35.223" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14176" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14177" CreationDate="2017-03-27T20:11:02.837" Score="4" ViewCount="308" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my vocabulary list, I have two different forms for the perfective of &lt;code&gt;слышать&lt;/code&gt; listed: &lt;code&gt;услышать&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;послышать&lt;/code&gt;. I know I'm not imagining this, because a practice deck I found online also had both verbs (although it was very unclear from the example sentences contained in that deck what the difference between the two is supposed to be). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Questions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; Are &lt;code&gt;послышать&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;услышать&lt;/code&gt; exact synonyms, or are they not? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; Which of the two should I memorize as the perfective form of &lt;code&gt;слышать&lt;/code&gt;? Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.&lt;/strong&gt; Are either &lt;code&gt;послышивать&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;послушивать&lt;/code&gt; actual words, and if so, are either of the two the actual imperfective form of &lt;code&gt;послышать&lt;/code&gt; (instead of &lt;code&gt;слышать&lt;/code&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Attempt:&lt;/strong&gt; I looked up the difference between the two, but the results were confusing to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, the English version of wiktionary doesn't list &lt;code&gt;послышать&lt;/code&gt; as a perfective form of &lt;code&gt;слышать&lt;/code&gt; -- it only lists &lt;code&gt;услышать&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;послышать&lt;/code&gt; doesn't even have an entry in the English wiktionary, although it does have an entry in the Russian wiktionary, викисловарь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But викисловарь lists &lt;code&gt;послышать&lt;/code&gt; as being the perfective form of an entirely different verb: &lt;code&gt;послышивать&lt;/code&gt;, for which it does not have an entry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/962158&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Russian dictionary&lt;/a&gt; seems to list &lt;code&gt;послышать&lt;/code&gt; as being an exact synonym of &lt;code&gt;услышать&lt;/code&gt;. I don't quite understand what meaning the example sentences are supposed to convey, however, so I could be wrong. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sovslov.ru/tolk/poslyiwatyt.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This dictionary&lt;/a&gt;, despite otherwise saying the same as the previous one, also says that the imperfective form of &lt;code&gt;послышать&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;послушивать&lt;/code&gt;, instead of &lt;code&gt;послышивать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://xn----8sbauh0beb7ai9bh.xn--p1ai/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This dictionary&lt;/a&gt; gives a very similar entry for &lt;code&gt;послышать&lt;/code&gt; except that it doesn't mention &lt;code&gt;услышать&lt;/code&gt; again in the item containing &lt;code&gt;почуять&lt;/code&gt;, instead it says: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;перен. Почуять, почувствовать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.classes.ru/all-russian/russian-dictionary-Dal-term-31068.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this dictionary compiler&lt;/a&gt;, the difference seems to come down to whether one looks at the entry from Т.Ф. Ефремова's dictionary or the entry from Д.Н. Ушаков's dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-03-28T09:42:51.847" LastActivityDate="2017-03-28T13:12:33.273" Title="&quot;Услышать&quot; or &quot;послышать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14176" CreationDate="2017-03-27T21:00:39.000" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There exist verbs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;слушать&lt;/strong&gt; - listen&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;слышать&lt;/strong&gt; - hear&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their perfective forms are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;слушать - &lt;strong&gt;послушать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;слышать - &lt;strong&gt;услышать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Послушивать&lt;/strong&gt; (to listen periodically) is a valid word, however &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruscorpora.ru/search-main.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ruscorpora&lt;/a&gt; has only 4 examples of it being used.  The examples are dating between 1857 and 1930.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Послышать&lt;/strong&gt;, to my surprise, is a valid word. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search2.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%EF%EE%F1%EB%FB%F8%E0%F2%FC&amp;amp;gramm1=V&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;p=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ruscorpora&lt;/a&gt; has 142 examples of it being used as a perfective form of &amp;quot;слышать&amp;quot;, both in modern sources and old ones. But I never heard anyone using it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a popular form &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;послышаться&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which has multiple meanings. It is often used in phrases &amp;quot;Мне послышалось&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;I think I heard it&amp;quot;, and &amp;quot;Тебе послышалось&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;You are wrong about hearing it.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-03-28T13:12:33.273" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14172" CreationDate="2017-03-27T21:16:24.320" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think there is a simple age separation.  It all depends on surroundings, teachers, students, school/institution, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in the school, from which I graduated, all teachers addressed all students as &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt; from 8th grade, that is, from about age 15 or so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I started university, all university students (in my uni) were normally addressed by teachers as &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt;. At the same time, some people that I studied with at the uni said that they were never called &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt; before starting the uni, that it, age 17 or so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are ok to settle on a &quot;soft&quot; boundary, then I would say it's somewhere between 15 and 18 years old.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Outside the education, there's no clear separation whatsoever and the circumstances will dictate &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2017-03-27T21:16:24.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14172" CreationDate="2017-03-28T13:31:16.633" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Typically the transition happens when the student finishes the school. When he/she hands papers for entrance examinations to university, he/she is already called вы by the stuff. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some high school students, especially in elite schools, are also called вы.  In some elite schools, all students are called вы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not a matter of age. If university student is 16 years old, he/she will be called вы. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James_Sidis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;William James Sidis&lt;/a&gt;, if he lived today in Russia, would be called вы as a student of Russian university. If a school student is 18, he would still be called ты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2017-03-28T13:31:16.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14098" CreationDate="2017-03-28T13:42:31.780" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to wikipedia, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Language_Institute&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Language Institute&lt;/a&gt; (Институт русского языка имени В. В. Виноградова РАН) is the regulator for the Russian language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2017-03-28T13:42:31.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14164" CreationDate="2017-03-29T21:43:45.033" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is my two cents on subject: одни could be also used as an adjective:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вайолет думала, что &lt;strong&gt;трое детей, одни в тесном туннеле&lt;/strong&gt;, с каминными&#xA;  щипцами в руках, может быть, окажутся более подготовленными к&#xA;  неожиданностям, чем трое детей в тех же обстоятельствах с пустыми&#xA;  руками. [Лемони Сникет. Липовый лифт (А. Ставиская, 2005)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Violet was thinking that &lt;strong&gt;three children alone in a dark hallway&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  holding fire tongs were perhaps a bit more prepared than three&#xA;  children alone in a dark hallway holding nothing at all. [Lemony&#xA;  Snicket. The Erzatz Elevator (2001)].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The title of a film &lt;em&gt;Home alone&lt;/em&gt; was also translated as Один дома, and here один is an adjective too. &#xA;Speaking of films I'd like to mention one more filme title, to be exact, &lt;em&gt;Four weddings and a funeral&lt;/em&gt;. In Russia it was called &quot;Четыре свадьбы и одни похороны&quot;. In here using &quot;одни&quot; was used in order to specify that there was only one funeral as a numeral.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8762" LastActivityDate="2017-03-29T21:43:45.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14182" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-30T14:49:09.140" Score="5" ViewCount="457" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context:&lt;/strong&gt; My book says that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/copular_verb&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;copular verb&lt;/a&gt; is absent in the present tense for a compound predicate and the noun [which is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_(linguistics)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;complement&lt;/a&gt;] is in the nominative case. In the past and future tenses there must be a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.englishgrammar.org/copular-verbs/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;copular verb&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;быть (был, буду), стать (стал, стану)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the above says nothing about which case the noun should be in for the past or future tenses. The book, however, gives the following examples of correct usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мой брат -- журналист.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мой брат &lt;strong&gt;был журналистом.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мой брат &lt;strong&gt;будет журналистом.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question 1:&lt;/strong&gt; Does this mean that the following examples are &lt;em&gt;incorrect?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мой брат -- журналистом.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мой брат был журналист.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мой брат будет журналист.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;/Question 1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am pretty sure that the first sentence is incorrect, but I am not sure about the last two, because (1) I could have sworn I have seen sentences written with nominative in the past and future tenses, and (2) as mentioned above the book doesn't explicitly exclude the possibility of them being correct (in contrast to the first sentence, when it says that the noun must be in the nominative).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question 2:&lt;/strong&gt; When in general is the instrumental used with complements or copular verbs? Only in the past or future? &lt;em&gt;Must&lt;/em&gt; it be used in those cases, or is it also correct to use nominative?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am especially confused because I did not know that the instrumental could be used with быть or стать in any tense -- I thought it was only used for this meaning with the verb называться in very formal writing. &lt;strong&gt;/Question 2&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note:&lt;/em&gt; I translated the passage from my book from German, so it may not be entirely correct. In particular, it uses the grammatical term &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.langenscheidt.com/german-english/praedikatsnomen&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Prädikatsnomen&lt;/a&gt;&quot; which I am not sure how to translate, although this is mostly because the meaning of the word &quot;predicate&quot; in English is ambiguous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dailywritingtips.com/predicate-complements-2/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;predicate complement&lt;/a&gt;/ &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_complement&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;subject complement&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-09T18:52:06.490" LastActivityDate="2018-09-09T18:52:06.490" Title="Case of complements in Russian" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;essive&gt;&lt;изобразительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14183" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14182" CreationDate="2017-03-30T15:10:46.043" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Surprisingly, but - no! In a certain context, the first sentence is absolutely correct and is the only possible option. It can be used as a rhema-response (as opposed to a thema-response) to a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic_and_comment&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;topic&lt;/a&gt; question, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;- Мой брат&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [topic] &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;работает карманником. А твой [[кем] работает]?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;- Мой брат - журналистом.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the past tense, both &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;был журналистом&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;был журналист&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; are correct. The difference is that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;быть + Instrumentalis&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is similar to a past perfective form (as a perfective action unrelated to a moment of utterance), while &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;быть + Nominative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  would be compared to a present-perfective structure in a language where such a distinction exists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the future tense, some decades or a century ago the phrase with Nominative compliment &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;[будет журналист]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; might be equally correct, but nowadays it sounds as a little bit obsolete. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usage of Instrumental as a copular compliment is similar to that of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essive_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Essive&lt;/a&gt; (a case of an impermanent state) in Balto-Fennic languages and can be regarded as a Fenno-Ugric substrate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-03-30T18:54:35.247" LastActivityDate="2017-03-30T18:54:35.247" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14182" CreationDate="2017-03-30T15:21:13.777" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right. &quot;&lt;code&gt;Мой брат -- журналистом.&lt;/code&gt;&quot; is almost always incorrect and plain wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One exception which I can think about is skipping words when a sentence is repeated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Твой брат стал журналистом.&#xA;- Мой брат -- журналистом?!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я стал писателем, а мой брат -- журналистом.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another one is a colloquial form expressing somebody's position: &lt;code&gt;Я здесь начальником&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;я на этом сайте админом&lt;/code&gt;.  You can also say in nominative: &lt;code&gt;Я здесь начальник&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;я на этом сайте админ&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your general question, you may want to read the following:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/62.htm#%D0%B7_02&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/62.htm#%D0%B7_02&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, with &lt;code&gt;был/будет&lt;/code&gt;, nominative may be used for permanent feature, while instrumental is used for temporary feature. For example, if journalism was his life-long occupancy, you can both say &lt;code&gt;он был журналист&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;он был журналистом&lt;/code&gt;. If he just worked as a journalist at the moment, you must say &lt;code&gt;он был журналистом&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example (from the play &quot;Тень&quot; by Евгений Шварц):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Жила на свете стрекоза,&#xA;Она была кокетка.    &amp;lt;-- note the nominative of &quot;кокетка&quot;&#xA;Её прелестные глаза&#xA;Губили мух нередко.&#xA;Она любила повторять:&#xA;&quot;Не стоит голову терять&quot;.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the instrumental case (кокеткой) would still keep the meter and the rhyme, Schwartz used the nominative case, since &quot;кокетка&quot; was the permanent, even immanent, feature of the dragonfly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2017-03-30T15:43:00.943" LastActivityDate="2017-03-30T15:43:00.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14185" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14186" CreationDate="2017-03-30T17:17:32.340" Score="7" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am working on an art project that I would like to collect the hundreds of different transliterations of 「中文」 zhōng wén in Mandarin Chinese. (Pronunciation available here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://translate.google.com/#zh-CN/de/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://translate.google.com/#zh-CN/de/中文&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can I transliterate zhōng wén in Russian? (For example, &quot;zhong wen&quot; would be the closest pronunciation in English.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;thank you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8769" LastActivityDate="2017-03-30T17:32:31.427" Title="How to transliterate 中文 in Mandarin pronunciation to Russian?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14185" CreationDate="2017-03-30T17:32:31.427" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the end of the 19th century, the traditional transliteration system of rendering Chinese words in the Russian Cyrillic alphabet is the so-called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Chinese&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Palladius system&lt;/a&gt; named after Pyotr Ivanovich Kafarov (Пётр Ива́нович Кафа́ров), a Russian sinologist and monk who spent thirty years in China and was also known by his monastic name Palladius (Паллáдий). Actually, every Chinese syllable possible has a corresponding Palladius system equivalent, that Wikipedia article has the chart of the Pinyin ­– Cyrillic Palladius correspondences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there is an easier way to do the transliteration, there in an &lt;a href=&quot;http://palladius.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;online converter&lt;/a&gt;, you enter either the Chinese characters or Pinyin there, press the &quot;Convert&quot; (Перевести) button, and you get it in Cyrillic Palladius. As for your word,「中文」zhōng wén, it is &lt;code&gt;чжунвэнь&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2017-03-30T17:32:31.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14187" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14188" CreationDate="2017-03-31T01:47:33.787" Score="12" ViewCount="4863" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not too long ago, &lt;strong&gt;I found a web page that gave instructions for adding accent marks to Cyrillic vowels.&lt;/strong&gt;  Unlike many other instructions I have seen, these were beautifully simple in that you typed the Cyrillic vowel first and then you used a key combination (of your own choosing) that would magically add the accent mark to the vowel.  &lt;strong&gt;There was no need to set up some complicated macro or even use a key combination with a predesignated number code for a particular letter or symbol.&lt;/strong&gt;  It was incredibly simple and easy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For some strange reason, I did not favorite that page and have not been able to find it since.  I think it might have been a part of someone's personal blog, but either way, I would be grateful for anyone who might know what it is I am talking about and can either supply the instructions in an answer or provide the link to pages that do.  &lt;strong&gt;I'm looking for a solution that works for Windows 7.&lt;/strong&gt;  Thanks in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastActivityDate="2021-05-29T14:15:42.610" Title="Does anyone know of a simpler way to add accents to Cyrillic vowels than what is typically found online?" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="11" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="6" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-10T22:12:26.040" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14187" CreationDate="2017-03-31T04:31:46.857" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like something on the tip of your tongue that you just can't stop thinking about, I continued to search for an answer to this.  Though I never found the page that had made everything so simple, I found a couple of pages that gave me enough hints to cobble together what I had in mind.  I'd add at least one of the links here, but since it isn't directly related to Russian or the Cyrillic alphabet, I'll just provide an explanation here.  &lt;strong&gt;If you are using Windows 7, you should be able to access &quot;Symbols&quot; from your Insert tab.  I'll add some screenshots so you can know what I mean.  Key sections have been highlighted in green.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, you'll want to go to your Insert tab and click on the dropdown box for &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Symbols&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/Q4w9qAZ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From there, you'll want to click on &lt;strong&gt;&quot;More Symbols...&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/RJHnBdq.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This will open up a window for you that looks like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/4UeCVPF.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice how the &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Combining Diacritical Marks&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; in the dropdown &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Subset&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; menu has been highlighted.  You may find other accent marks that look like an acute accent mark, but this is the one you want.  (It is number &lt;strong&gt;0301&lt;/strong&gt;, if you just want to type it into the field for character code to bring it up.)  You should already find that it has been given a predesignated shortcut key, but if you prefer another, select the button for Shortcut key and create your own.  ALT+Ctrl+э is what I chose for my shortcut.  You can choose any you like as long as it isn't already assigned to another character.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now you are ready to begin typing.  Make sure you are using the keyboard you want.  This will likely look different on different computers, but if you're using Windows 7 and MS Office 7, it might look something like the following at the bottom left and right of your screen (depending, of course, on how you have things configured):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/kLfHks1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you feel certain you're about to use the correct keyboard, you can begin typing ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/h5TcQsD.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once you've typed the letter that you'd like to put an accent on, press your shortcut key combination ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/YQGZdhz.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and an accent should appear over the last letter you typed. You can continue typing without making any additional keyboard strokes ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/W53jGp7.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll have to do this a bit differently in &lt;strong&gt;PowerPoint&lt;/strong&gt; (at least the MS Office 2007 version).  You won't be able to use a shortcut key, but you can access the same group of symbols, including the aforementioned #0301 character.  &lt;strong&gt;What you will need to do is position your cursor immediately after the letter you want to accent and then insert it the long way -- pull up the Symbols box, find the character you need, and insert it.&lt;/strong&gt;  The character immediately preceding the cursor will become accented.  If you want to preserve formatting inside of the textboxes you've created in PowerPoint, this is likely the best way to do it.  I do not recommend copying and pasting a previously accented letter from Word, but go ahead and try it if you really want to.  I think you'll see what I mean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, there you have it.  Hope this helped someone out there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2017-03-31T04:45:42.720" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T04:45:42.720" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-10T22:12:26.040" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14187" CreationDate="2017-03-31T04:46:08.873" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the previous answer I would like to suggest the method described in &lt;a href=&quot;http://alborisov.livejournal.com/15571.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this blog&lt;/a&gt;. This method does not use a separate program (MS Word) but uses a pre-installed software available on any Windows PC:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Open a program called &lt;em&gt;Character Map&lt;/em&gt; (It is located in Start-&gt;All Programs-&gt;Accessories-&gt;System Tools)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Group the character map by &lt;em&gt;Unicode Subrange&lt;/em&gt; and Select &lt;em&gt;Combining Diacritical Marks&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Locate the &lt;em&gt;Combining Accute Accent&lt;/em&gt; symbol and insert it after your letter&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xw24g.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xw24g.png&quot; alt=&quot;Character Map&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2273" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T04:46:08.873" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-10T22:12:26.040" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14187" CreationDate="2017-03-31T06:13:12.940" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The easiest way to be able to put the accent marks is to install &lt;a href=&quot;http://ilyabirman.ru/projects/typography-layout/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ilya Birman's typography layout&lt;/a&gt;. Go there and press the big orange button &quot;Скачать для Виндоуса&quot; (Download for Windows). When you install it, putting the accent marks becomes very easy: you type a vowel letter, and then while holding the &lt;code&gt;Right Alt&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Shift&lt;/code&gt; keys you press the &lt;code&gt;? /&lt;/code&gt; key twice and the accent mark appears above the vowel letter: а́, е́, и́, о́, у́, ы́, э́, ю́, я́. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you enter a Latin vowel letter in you English layout and then switch to Ilya Birman's typography layout, hold &lt;code&gt;Right Alt&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Shift&lt;/code&gt; keys and press the &lt;code&gt;? /&lt;/code&gt; key twice, you get Latin letters with the acute accent as single symbols: á, é, ó, ý.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides the accent/acute mark, that typography layout allows you to enter other diacritics: ä, à, â, ă, å, ã, ç, č.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T06:13:12.940" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-10T22:12:26.040" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14191" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-31T08:12:12.713" Score="5" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;In many cases these words all translate to how much when paired with Настолько, так, столько. But I can't understand in what situations each one is used. Would someone be so kind to explain their use? Thanks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example—&#xA;Я знаю это так же хорошо, как и ты, Маркус.—I know that as well as you, marcus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or is it better (настолько, насколько) or (столько, сколько) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are the interchangeable? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2017-03-31T09:14:00.090" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T10:56:18.827" Title="Differentiating use of — насколько, как, сколько" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14191" CreationDate="2017-03-31T10:49:26.870" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In your example sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я знаю это так же хорошо, как и ты, Маркус.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;changing &lt;code&gt;так&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;настолько&lt;/code&gt; will still yield a grammatically correct sentence with almost the same meaning. &lt;code&gt;Настолько же&lt;/code&gt; means 'to the same extent/amount'. It can be paired with &lt;code&gt;как&lt;/code&gt; as above, or &lt;code&gt;насколько&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я знаю это настолько же хорошо, как и ты, Маркус.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я знаю это настолько же хорошо, насколько и ты, Маркус.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't use &lt;code&gt;сколько&lt;/code&gt; here. &lt;code&gt;Так&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;настолько&lt;/code&gt; are pronomial adverbs, while &lt;code&gt;столько&lt;/code&gt; is a pronomial numeral, so you can only use it in place of a numeral:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня &lt;strong&gt;пять&lt;/strong&gt; яблок. - I've got five apples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня &lt;strong&gt;столько же&lt;/strong&gt; яблок, сколько и у тебя. - I've got as many apples as you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как&lt;/code&gt; seems to be the universal pair as it can match &lt;code&gt;сколько&lt;/code&gt; as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня &lt;em&gt;столько же&lt;/em&gt; яблок, &lt;em&gt;как&lt;/em&gt; и у тебя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T10:56:18.827" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14187" CreationDate="2017-03-31T11:05:48.007" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Use this tool to have accent marks added to whole paragraphs of text automatically: &lt;a href=&quot;http://russiangram.com&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://russiangram.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Disclaimer: I created it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T11:05:48.007" CommentCount="4" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-10T22:12:26.040" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14187" CreationDate="2017-03-31T11:34:46.350" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This method only requires 5 key presses and no mousing around. You will need a keyboard with a numeric keypad to use it. Make sure NumLock is ON.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Type the vowel e.g. &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Press and hold the left Alt key.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Type &lt;code&gt;769&lt;/code&gt; on the numeric keypad.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Release the Alt key. You should get: &lt;code&gt;а́&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you get a smiley face or any other character instead, try using a different program. It worked for me in Word and in Charmap, but not in Notepad or Chrome unfortunately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you need a secondary stress mark, use &lt;code&gt;768&lt;/code&gt;: фо̀тоотчёт, гѝдроэлѐктроста́нция.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-04-02T15:01:18.087" LastActivityDate="2017-04-02T15:01:18.087" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-10T22:12:26.040" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14195" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-03-31T13:48:54.927" Score="6" ViewCount="272" Body="&lt;p&gt;Prompted by our &lt;a href=&quot;https://literature.meta.stackexchange.com/q/650/11&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hard to Be a God&lt;/em&gt; book challenge&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; on &lt;a href=&quot;https://literature.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;Literature SE&lt;/a&gt;, we've been trying to gather some attention by posting to relevant chat rooms. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An interesting discussion sparked in the Russian Stack Overflow chat: a user mentioned that it is ambiguous whether the original title of the book (&lt;em&gt;Трудно быть богом&lt;/em&gt;) is a question or a statement. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/message/36413071#36413071&quot;&gt;I replied&lt;/a&gt; that this form is most often used for statements, and is unlikely to be used as a question (to be clear, &lt;strong&gt;we're discussing the phrase now, not the book title&lt;/strong&gt;); however, it occurred to me that this could be used as a question in spoken language, similar to &lt;code&gt;Болит нога?&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I &lt;a href=&quot;https://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/message/36413163#36413163&quot;&gt;do know&lt;/a&gt; that it requires a question mark at the end to be a real question, and I do know &lt;code&gt;трудно ли быть богом?&lt;/code&gt; is much better. &lt;strong&gt;For the record&lt;/strong&gt;, Russian is my mother tongue. However, I don't have much experience with formal texts (haven't studied Russian since 7th grade).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My main concern is - &lt;strong&gt;can this form of a question be used in formal or written Russian? How acceptable is it?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;Everyone is welcome to participate! Ask your &lt;em&gt;Hard to be a God&lt;/em&gt; questions, and post good answers to others' questions!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7662" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T13:01:18.863" LastActivityDate="2017-04-01T20:29:57.550" Title="Is &quot;Трудно быть богом?&quot; (as in the title of the book) a valid question in written or formal Russian?" Tags="&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14195" CreationDate="2017-03-31T14:35:32.267" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This form can be a question only if it is followed by an explicit question mark: &quot;Трудно быть богом?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, it is hardly perceived as a question, since the more usual form would include a particle: &quot;Трудно &lt;strong&gt;ли&lt;/strong&gt; быть богом?&quot;, but the orignal title has no question mark, therefore, it can't be construed as a question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Impersonal statement like that can't be formal.  To make it formal you need an addressee:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Трудно &lt;strong&gt;ли вам/ему/ей&lt;/strong&gt; быть богом?&quot; — and you need &quot;ли&quot; as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6163" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T14:35:32.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14195" CreationDate="2017-03-31T14:36:35.257" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, &lt;em&gt;Трудно быть богом&lt;/em&gt; is a statement, not a question unless finalized with a question mark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your question - this form is quite acceptable but a bit informal. If used in scientific articles for example, &lt;em&gt;Трудно &lt;strong&gt;ли&lt;/strong&gt; быть богом&lt;/em&gt; is more preferable. Especially in indirect speech:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Трудно ли быть богом? (title)    &lt;strong&gt;CORRECT, FORMAL&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Быть богом – трудно. (title)    &lt;strong&gt;CORRECT, FORMAL&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Трудно быть богом? (title)    &lt;strong&gt;INCORRECT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она спросила его, трудно ли быть богом.    &lt;strong&gt;CORRECT, FORMAL&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она спросила, трудно ли ему быть богом.    &lt;strong&gt;CORRECT, FORMAL&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она спросила его, насколько трудно быть богом.    &lt;strong&gt;CORRECT, FORMAL&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она спросила его: «Трудно быть богом?»    &lt;strong&gt;OK, INFORMAL/ARTISTIC&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она спросила его, трудно быть богом.    &lt;strong&gt;INCORRECT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T14:43:57.670" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14195" CreationDate="2017-03-31T17:25:20.703" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In (written) Russian, any statement can be turned to question by adding the question mark. So, &lt;code&gt;Трудно быть богом?&lt;/code&gt; is a correct question. &lt;code&gt;Трудно быть богом.&lt;/code&gt; is a statement.  In book names, the period is often omitted, so if a book is called &lt;code&gt;Трудно быть богом&lt;/code&gt; without the question mark, it is a statement. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Частица &lt;code&gt;ли&lt;/code&gt; (as in the question &lt;code&gt;Трудно ли быть богом?&lt;/code&gt;) is not required in direct questions, but without it, the style would be colloquial/informal rather than formal.  (In indirect questions like &lt;code&gt;Она спросила его, трудно ли быть богом.&lt;/code&gt; it is required).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Summary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Трудно быть богом&lt;/code&gt; (book name) - statement&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Трудно быть богом?&lt;/code&gt; (book name) - question&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Трудно быть богом.&lt;/code&gt; - statement.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Трудно быть богом?&lt;/code&gt; - question, informal style&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Трудно ли быть богом?&lt;/code&gt; - question, formal style&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Она спросила его, трудно быть богом.&lt;/code&gt; - incorrect&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Она спросила его, трудно ли быть богом.&lt;/code&gt; - correct statement, which contains indirect question&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2017-03-31T17:39:13.637" LastActivityDate="2017-03-31T17:39:13.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14199" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14187" CreationDate="2017-04-01T10:46:34.030" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder if you know &lt;a href=&quot;http://slavenica.com&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; site. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has many features including automatic accents:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Gb5JV.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Gb5JV.png&quot; alt=&quot;Automatic accents&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8762" LastEditorUserId="551" LastEditDate="2017-04-01T17:19:35.750" LastActivityDate="2017-04-01T17:19:35.750" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-10T22:12:26.040" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14200" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-01T15:59:28.677" Score="6" ViewCount="420" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been studying Russian for a while and have looked at a number of grammar books for Russian by I fail to see the nuance between 'по' and 'у'&#xA;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мой самолёт улетит...&#xA;vs. &#xA;Мой самолёт полетит...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8772" LastActivityDate="2017-04-02T10:42:00.657" Title="What is the difference between the prefixes по and у in verbs of motion" Tags="&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14187" CreationDate="2017-04-01T16:13:09.163" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Google documents makes is relatively easy, although I don't like that Google docs doesn't seem to like ё.  To add accent marks to your vowels, position the cursor after the vowel in question, select &quot;Special Characters&quot; from the &quot;insert&quot; drop down menu.  Then select &quot;latin&quot; where you see &quot;Symbol&quot; and then scroll down to the accent marks need the bottom.  Once you have selected your first accent mark a button will appear for categories; select &quot;recent&quot; and you will have the accent mark you just used (I use the combining acute accent mark).  Then you can use the mouse to move the table out of the way then just move your cursor to the next vowel and click on the accent mark again.  You can move pretty quickly through the document one word at a time.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8772" LastActivityDate="2017-04-01T16:13:09.163" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-10T22:12:26.040" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14200" CreationDate="2017-04-01T18:32:36.047" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As prefixes for motion verbs, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;у-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; usually emphasises on a place from which the motion starts, while &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; makes emphasis on a trajectory of motion (implying that the destination is a subject to change, though such a distinction, that is, an uncertain route, is not mandatory). Cf:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я скоро уеду.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (The ellipsis topic is about the place from which the speaker is about to start)/&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я уезжаю сегодня&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (Again, the speaker emphasises that (s)he is about to part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он уехал.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (He is no more here).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я скоро поеду.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (I am having a destination to part in the nearmost future).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я поеду сегодня&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (I am about to take a new route today; I am going to part today and I want to inform you that I have some destination, though it's not certain).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он поехал / поехавший.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (He's crazy; he's out of common sense).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мой самолёт улетит...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  = My plane is to leave this place..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мой самолёт полетит...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = My plane is about to fly along a trajectory (though it's not a definate one)...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bot phrases suggest something a little bit extraodinary / unusual about the flight. To describe a regular flight, one might say something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мой самолёт улетает /вылетает  /вылетел&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;... = My plane leaves this place (as it is usually supposed to fly)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-04-02T10:42:00.657" LastActivityDate="2017-04-02T10:42:00.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14200" CreationDate="2017-04-01T21:10:37.083" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The prefix &lt;em&gt;По-&lt;/em&gt; with verbs of motion has two main meanings&#xA;1. Beginning of motion — perfective aspect. Что сделать?(unidirectional)&#xA;пойти,&#xA;поехать,&#xA;полететь,&#xA;побежать,&#xA;Куда? К кому? Where? To whom?&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;в, на,к&lt;/strong&gt; (prepositions used after verbs)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пошёл на работу.&#xA;  Машина поехала после остановки.&#xA;  Мальчик побежал.&#xA;  Самолет полетел в Москву. Я полечу завтра. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A little bit, for a short while, insignificantly– perfective aspect. Что сделать?(multidirectional)&#xA;походить,&#xA;поездить,&#xA;полетать,&#xA;побегать&#xA;Где? По чему? Where? Across what?&#xA;по (the preposition used after verbs)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я походил по парку немного. Птицы полетали и сели на дерево.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The prefix &lt;em&gt;У-&lt;/em&gt; means &#xA;1 Somebody’s absence in the given place, departure from the place.&#xA;уходить/уйти&#xA;уезжать/уехать Imperfective/perfective, unidirectional.&#xA;Откуда? От кого?From where?From whom?&#xA;из, с, от(prepositions used after the verbs)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы улетаем утром из Домодедово.&#xA;  Он улетел, но обещал вернуться.&#xA;  После каникул студенты снова уезжают из дома.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-04-02T06:02:39.610" LastActivityDate="2017-04-02T06:02:39.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14205" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14206" CreationDate="2017-04-02T21:47:03.853" Score="8" ViewCount="248" Body="&lt;p&gt;EN: I know that number 21 (in nominative) demands nominative singular (21 год) and, although number 22 (in nominative) would demand genitive singular from the upcoming noun (22 года), an adjective describing &quot;22 года&quot; would demand genitive plural. Thus, &quot;22 хороших года&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, I have one doubt. What case do adjectives after &quot;21&quot; take?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it be 21 хороших год? 21 хорошего года? 21 хорошие год? Or none of the aforementioned?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks for your help. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: And if 21 itself is declined - like двадцати одного (genitive), for example - do upcoming words all take genitive plural?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;RU: Я знаю, что, после числа &quot;22&quot;, прилагательное принимает множественное число/родительный падеж, и имя &quot;год&quot; принимает единственное число/родительный падеж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что, будет &quot;22 хороших года&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но, если число - 21, то какой падеж слова &quot;хороший&quot;? &#xA;21 хорош(?) год.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо за помощь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: Если число 21 само употребляет склонение (родительный падеж - двадцати одного?), следующие слова употребляют ли множественное число/то склонение числа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-04-02T21:50:56.567" LastActivityDate="2017-04-03T11:15:15.037" Title="Двадцать один хорош(?) год - declension after number 21" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14205" CreationDate="2017-04-02T22:08:02.523" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;All the numerals ending in 1, &lt;em&gt;exept&lt;/em&gt; for those that end in 11 (11, 111, 711, 1011, etc.), need the following noun in the Nominatve case singular. If there is also an attribute adjective, it agrees with the noun in gender, case, and number, that is the adjective will also be in the Nominatve case singular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;21 good girls — двадцать одна хорошая девочка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;21 good years — двадцать один хороший год&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note, here &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; the numeral and the adjective are &lt;em&gt;attributes&lt;/em&gt; of the noun, so if we change the case of the noun, both the numeral and the adjective get the same case as the noun:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nom.:&lt;/strong&gt; двадцать один хороший год&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gen.:&lt;/strong&gt; двадцати одного хорошего года&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dat.:&lt;/strong&gt; двадцати одному хорошему году&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acc.:&lt;/strong&gt; двадцать один хороший год&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Instr.:&lt;/strong&gt; двадцатью одним хорошим годом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prep.:&lt;/strong&gt; (о) двадцати одном хорошем годе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Locat.:&lt;/strong&gt; (в) двадцати одном хорошем году&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-03T11:15:15.037" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14209" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14210" CreationDate="2017-04-03T11:48:55.040" Score="3" ViewCount="437" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that there's not a very simple way to pronounce decimals in Russian. Literally it would translate as &quot;X entire ones, X tenths/hundredths/etc.&quot;, where X is feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, &lt;em&gt;0.1&lt;/em&gt; becomes ноль целых, одна десятая. &lt;em&gt;0.01&lt;/em&gt; becomes ноль целых, одна сотая. If I'm not mistaken that is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, what if I wanted to pronounce, colloquially, a number like &lt;em&gt;0.333333333333(...)&lt;/em&gt;, that's to say, a number with an infinite amount of decimal places?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this situation, could I tell the numerals components individually? Like &quot;ноль точка три три три три (...)&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2017-04-03T13:28:26.397" LastActivityDate="2017-04-03T13:28:26.397" Title="How to pronounce long decimal numbers?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14209" CreationDate="2017-04-03T12:28:55.773" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think there's any set rule, but as a native speaker I can advise the following options. First you have to know that in Russian the decimal separator is comma &lt;code&gt;,&lt;/code&gt; (pronounced &lt;em&gt;запятая&lt;/em&gt;, colloquially &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;), not period &lt;code&gt;.&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;0,333... – &lt;em&gt;ноль и три, три, три [и так далее]...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;0,333... – &lt;em&gt;ноль, запятая, три, три, три [и так далее]...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More scientific way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;0,333... = 0,(3) – &lt;em&gt;ноль целых и три в периоде&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;0,133... = 0,1(3) – &lt;em&gt;ноль, запятая, один и три в периоде&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-03T12:28:55.773" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14187" CreationDate="2017-04-03T15:14:06.040" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;With grammatica.eu you simply cut and paste text and stress marks are automatically (and nearly instantaneously) placed. The program is not free, but definitely worth the price. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8782" LastActivityDate="2017-04-03T15:14:06.040" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-10T22:12:26.040" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14212" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14213" CreationDate="2017-04-04T16:37:52.560" Score="8" ViewCount="265" Body="&lt;p&gt;What did the phrases крестьянин из государственных and крестьянка из государственных mean in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire_Census&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Imperial Census&lt;/a&gt; of 1897? State-owned serfs had been &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_reform_of_1861#Aftermath&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;emancipated&lt;/a&gt; long before, in 1866.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I search the Web for those exact phrases, in quotation marks, virtually all hits appear to be copied from the 1897 census. This suggests to me that these phrases are not naturally used in Russian, but were coined by the census administrators. On the other hand, the similar phrase государственные крестьяне occurs in many different contexts on the Web, but appears to always refer to a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_serf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;state-owned serf&lt;/a&gt;, a status abolished in 1866.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 1897 census applies крестьянин из государственных and крестьянка из государственных not only to people born before 1866, where they might possibly mean &lt;em&gt;former&lt;/em&gt; state serf, but it also applies these phrases to people born long after 1866, including infants born shortly before the census was taken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt; Is there any significance to the fact the census takers wrote крестьянин из государственных instead of the more common государственные крестьяне? Does their phrasing convey a sense that this is a slightly different status, or is it simply an alternative way to say the same thing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5818" LastEditorUserId="5818" LastEditDate="2017-04-05T04:17:23.940" LastActivityDate="2017-04-06T21:17:36.367" Title="What did крестьянин из государственных mean in the 1897 census?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14212" CreationDate="2017-04-04T18:01:29.277" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although the serfdom of state-owned workers had been abolished long before, the abolition itself was not a momentous revolutionary action. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The state-owned serfs were gradually introduced into their new status, partially by &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a system of graduate payments&lt;/a&gt; to the government and partially by a system of state-employment commissions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the status of state-owned serfs was not abolished at once, their emancipation was happening step by step (and &lt;a href=&quot;http://elib.shpl.ru/ru/nodes/22431-kavelin-s-p-istoricheskiy-ocherk-pozemelnogo-ustroystva-gosudarstvennyh-krestyan-m-1912-trudy-obschestva-mezhevyh-inzhenerov-vyp-2#page/55/mode/inspect/zoom/4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;not at equal pace everywhere along the Russian Empire&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, the term refers to the same thing as before: state-owned serfs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; It has just come up to my mind that the term could refer to a former status of the serfs - that is, 'a serf who originates from the state-owned class'; 'a descendent from the class', provided that there was no new name for the emancipated serfs. The meaning of the Genitive case in this phrase could be similar to that oif &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exessive_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Exessive&lt;/a&gt; in Votian, Finnish and Estonian. The ultimate solution should be based upon the context of the Imperial Decree, I guess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-04-06T21:17:36.367" LastActivityDate="2017-04-06T21:17:36.367" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14212" CreationDate="2017-04-05T07:54:32.413" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is designation of сословие (social estate). It is a status of a person, intermediate between class and caste. Like caste (but unlike class), social estate is legally formalized, but like class (but unlike caste), there are ways one can change social estate: via military service, exceptional merits, education, marriage, baptism etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian Empire there were a lot of different social estates: nobles (hereditary and non-hereditary), clerics, merited citizens, merchants (several categories), bourgeois (мещане), peasants, cossacks, aliens (non-Slavs except Jews), Jews etc. There were also разночинцы, the people who did not belong to any estate (for instance, children of non-hereditary nobles).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case it simply says the person belongs to the social estate &quot;state peasants&quot;, e.g, peasants working on state-owned land. The &quot;from&quot; word does not mean anything: for instance, &quot;bourgeois&quot; would be reflected as &quot;из мещан&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To what social estate one belonged determined the rights of the person, for instance, whether he could be recruited to the army, be subject of corporal punishment, the number of votes one had on the elections of different types, where one can live and be admitted to the university, what taxes one paid etc. Some estates had their own courts to deal with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Social estates are common to all formerly slave-owning societies after massive emancipation of slaves: the former masters still want to have higher status in society and be separated from former slaves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2017-04-05T17:45:30.127" LastActivityDate="2017-04-05T17:45:30.127" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14216" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14219" CreationDate="2017-04-05T10:08:38.017" Score="1" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как Вы считаете, уместна ли такая конструкция:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В предложении 24 говорится: &quot;Родину надо защищать&quot;, - и это свидетельствует о патриотическом настрое Кузьмы. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Предложение от балды. Интересует именно сама схема. И если после цитаты авторское высказывание продолжить можно, то какие знаки препинания должны стоять? (В моем примере это &quot;,-&quot; )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8788" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-04-07T09:44:52.510" LastActivityDate="2017-04-07T09:44:52.510" Title="Уместно ли продолжение речи автора после приведения цитаты?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14216" CreationDate="2017-04-05T11:21:51.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Насколько я помню, если исходное предложение выглядит, допустим так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Родину надо защищать&quot;, - и это свидетельствует о патриотическом настрое Кузьмы. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То процитировать его можно так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В предложении 24 говорится: «&quot;Родину надо защищать&quot;, - и это свидетельствует о патриотическом настрое Кузьмы.»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(виды кавычек можно поменять местами).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2017-04-05T11:21:51.337" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14216" CreationDate="2017-04-05T14:00:11.850" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Предложенный вариант знаков препинания - правилен. Цитаты оформляются так же, как и прямая речь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Когда авторский текст предшествует цитате, то он отделяется двоеточием. &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;У М. Алигер есть строки: «Человеку надо очень мало, чтобы счастье выросло в полный рост».&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Когда авторский текст следует за цитатой, то он отделяется запятой с последующим тире. &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«Тот не писатель, кто не прибавил к зрению человека хотя бы немного зоркости», — сказал К. Паустовский.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В предложении о Кузьме используются оба правила:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В предложении 24 говорится: «Родину надо защищать», — и это свидетельствует о патриотическом настрое Кузьмы.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://orthographia.ru/punctuatio.php?sid=139&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Полный академический справочник под редакцией Лопатина. Знаки препинания при цитатах&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-05T17:51:40.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14220" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14221" CreationDate="2017-04-05T14:31:08.370" Score="6" ViewCount="1043" Body="&lt;p&gt;It doesn't match with the pronunciation of the letter in Russian at all. A transliteration closer to the spelling would be rather &quot;shj&quot;, &quot;sh' &quot; or something similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, I've seen it transliterated like this in French (&quot;chtch&quot;) and German (&quot;schtsch&quot;) as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is that so? Is it etymological?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6676" LastActivityDate="2017-04-05T15:28:43.950" Title="Why is щ transliterated as &quot;shch&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14220" CreationDate="2017-04-05T15:17:10.583" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me quote my own &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1719/difference-in-pronunciation-between-%D1%89-and-%D1%88%D1%8C/1722#1722&quot;&gt;answer&lt;/a&gt; to a related question, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1719/&quot;&gt;Difference in pronunciation between “щ” and “шь”?&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As for &lt;code&gt;щ&lt;/code&gt;, it is a &lt;strong&gt;long&lt;/strong&gt; alveopalatal consonant, IPA symbol for it is &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_sibilant&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;/ɕː/&lt;/a&gt; (you can listen to the sound there, and there is also the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ru-%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5.ogg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sound for the Russian word 'счастье'&lt;/a&gt; [ˈɕːæsʲtʲjə] in which 'сч' is pronounced as 'щ'). Roughly speaking, in Standard Russian it is pronounced like the English 'shsh' in the phrase 'the dish she likes'. Some people pronounce &lt;code&gt;щ&lt;/code&gt; as 'шч', but this pronunciation is considered obsolete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact is, that although now the standard pronunciation of &lt;code&gt;щ&lt;/code&gt; is /ɕː/, it used to be pronounced as /ɕtɕ/ and is still pronounced so by many people, that is why it is &lt;em&gt;traditionally&lt;/em&gt; transliterated as &lt;code&gt;shch&lt;/code&gt; in English. Note, that when the Cyrillic script emerged in the 9th century, &lt;code&gt;щ&lt;/code&gt; stood for the consonantal cluster [ɕtʲ], and later in Russian [ɕtʲ] &gt; [ɕtɕ] &gt; [ɕː]. Thus, the tranliteration of this letter as &lt;code&gt;shch&lt;/code&gt; reflects the previous stage of its pronunciation which is dying out now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:56:33.767" LastActivityDate="2017-04-05T15:28:43.950" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14212" CreationDate="2017-04-05T20:39:58.117" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each 1897 census form had a usage guide on its back, which among other things read:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сословiе, состоянiе или званiе&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здѣсь отмѣчается сокращенно то сословiе или званiе, къ которому приписываемое лицо относится по своему рожденiю или прежнему состоянiю или вновь прiобрѣтеннымъ правамъ, напр.: … крестьянинъ &lt;em&gt;непремѣнно с обозначенiем, какого онъ именно разряда&lt;/em&gt;, напр.: изъ бывш. владѣльч., изъ бывш. государств., удѣльн., горнозаводск., и т. д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;em&gt;из государственных крестьян&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;comes from a family of former state serfs&amp;quot; indeed, with &lt;em&gt;бывших&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;former&amp;quot;) omitted for brevity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-05T20:39:58.117" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14223" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14229" CreationDate="2017-04-06T13:57:39.197" Score="4" ViewCount="1409" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am wondering whether there is any difference between the present and past adverbial imperfective participles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Читая книгу, я устал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Читав книгу, я устал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both of these mean “while reading the book, I grew tired.” Right? Is there any difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8794" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-12-31T16:37:52.170" Title="Difference between present and past adverbial imperfective participles" Tags="&lt;participle&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14224" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14225" CreationDate="2017-04-06T14:18:30.613" Score="6" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm reading Tolstoy's Исповедь, and in the second chapter it says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Двадцати шести лет я приехал после войны в Петербург и &lt;em&gt;сошелся&lt;/em&gt; с&#xA;  писателями.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did he live together with other writers? What is the infinitive form of that word? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7697" LastActivityDate="2017-04-08T04:04:58.510" Title="What does &quot;сошелся&quot; (or &quot;сошёлся&quot;?) mean?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14225" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14224" CreationDate="2017-04-06T14:59:35.917" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, he didn't live with other writers. This is a pretty old-style text. In this context &lt;code&gt;сошелся&lt;/code&gt; means just &lt;code&gt;met&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;встретился&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;познакомился&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;подружился&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The infinive form of &lt;code&gt;сошелся&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;сойтись&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2017-04-06T15:05:10.453" LastActivityDate="2017-04-06T15:05:10.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14224" CreationDate="2017-04-06T15:06:09.593" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;to meet - &lt;em&gt;встретить, познакомиться, сойтись&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this context, &lt;em&gt;сошелся&lt;/em&gt; means that he met writers and started having some kind of relationships, communicating and meeting up with them, you can even say that he started becoming a friend to them and so forth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8793" LastActivityDate="2017-04-06T15:06:09.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14227" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14223" CreationDate="2017-04-06T15:23:48.450" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say there is no difference, but:&#xA;The first one means that you are reading a book at the moment or you tell a story, which has already  happened , and use present tense to say things about a story.&#xA;The second one means that you were reading a book in the past.  That's all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8793" LastActivityDate="2017-04-06T15:23:48.450" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14223" CreationDate="2017-04-06T17:17:06.650" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;1.Читая книгу, я устал.-Correct. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.Читав книгу, я устал.-Incorrect. It should be 2.&lt;strong&gt;Прочитав&lt;/strong&gt; книгу, я устал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Читав&quot; exists, but we don't say so. If we consider the correct sentences, the first means that you got tired while reading (during the process).&quot;Прочитав&quot;means that the action was completed and you felt tired after you finished reading the book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-04-06T19:14:58.633" LastActivityDate="2017-04-06T19:14:58.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14223" CreationDate="2017-04-06T18:06:07.627" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian adverbial participles have &lt;em&gt;relative&lt;/em&gt; tense, that is, the present tense adverbial participles denote a secondary action which is &lt;em&gt;simultaneous&lt;/em&gt; with the main action of the sentence, and the past tense adverbial participles denote an action which was / is /will be &lt;em&gt;prior&lt;/em&gt; to the main action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this respect your first example is OK, &amp;quot;I got tired &lt;em&gt;while&lt;/em&gt; reading a book&amp;quot;. The second example sounds strange, though. If you need to say &amp;quot;I got tired &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; reading a book&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Having read a book, I got tired&amp;quot;, then you should better use the past adverbial &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt; participle &lt;em&gt;прочитав&lt;/em&gt; and you will have a nice sentence. But if you do want to use the past adverbial &lt;em&gt;imperfective&lt;/em&gt; participle &lt;em&gt;читав&lt;/em&gt;, then the sentence will mean the same as your first example, but it will sound too archaic, kind of 18th-century-style. In the Modern Russian, the past adverbial &lt;em&gt;imperfective&lt;/em&gt; participles are used mainly in the negative form, with the particle &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt;, their positive forms are considered obsolete and are not used any more. Here are a couple of examples of Modern Russian sentences with the negative form:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И как многое пропадет для того, кто пришел слушать симфоническую поэму Рихарда Штрауса «Дон Кихот», никогда &lt;strong&gt;не читав&lt;/strong&gt; романа Сервантеса...&lt;a href=&quot;http://search2.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%F7%E8%F2%E0%E2&amp;amp;p=0&amp;amp;docid=46060&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt; [И. Л. Андроников. Разные грани // «Юность», 1970]&lt;/a&gt; — &amp;quot;And how much will be lost for the one who came to listen to Richard Strauss' symphonic poem 'Don Quixote' &lt;strong&gt;without having&lt;/strong&gt; ever &lt;strong&gt;read&lt;/strong&gt; the novel by Cervantes...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она рвала его письма, &lt;strong&gt;не читав&lt;/strong&gt; их. — She tore his letters &lt;strong&gt;without having read&lt;/strong&gt; them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-06T18:06:07.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14230" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-06T22:43:50.107" Score="1" ViewCount="995" Body="&lt;p&gt;What it means in Russian &quot; ого ппц! милый.&quot; Imagine one girl write this as an answer to her friend who sent Justin Bieber video when he is singing in a car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/q80kG.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/q80kG.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to understand here also full meaning of ого ппц! милый. Is that something like &quot; Woow, so cutee!!&quot; or what. Also, what this word used for in here -&gt; милый ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8795" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-04-07T13:16:29.843" LastActivityDate="2017-04-07T13:16:29.843" Title="Can ппц word use for a good manner?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14230" CreationDate="2017-04-06T23:07:15.200" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an obscene word &lt;code&gt;пиздец&lt;/code&gt; (from the obscene root &lt;code&gt;пизда&lt;/code&gt; - cunt). According to wiktionary it means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1. (vulgar) extreme degree of anything.&#xA;&#xA;    1 000 000 — э́то пизде́ц ско́лько де́нег!‎ ― One million is hell of a lot of money!&#xA;&#xA;2. (vulgar, sometimes humorous) extremely undesirable situation&#xA;&#xA;3. (vulgar) death, curtains.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two euphemisms of this taboo word: &lt;code&gt;песец&lt;/code&gt; (mostly for meanings 2 and 3) and &lt;code&gt;пипец&lt;/code&gt; (also with slightly different spectrum of meanings). &lt;code&gt;Ппц&lt;/code&gt; is short of &lt;code&gt;пипец&lt;/code&gt; (like &lt;code&gt;thx&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;thanks&lt;/code&gt;).  See &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%86&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%86&lt;/a&gt; for it meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sentence it means something like &quot;wow&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2017-04-06T23:07:15.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14230" CreationDate="2017-04-06T23:10:12.533" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;code&gt;ппц&lt;/code&gt; is an abbreviated way to write the word &lt;code&gt;пипéц&lt;/code&gt; (pee-PETS) which is in its turn a euphemism for the word &lt;code&gt;пиздéц&lt;/code&gt; (peez-DETS), an obscene way to say &quot;God damn!&quot; or &quot;Fucking shit!&quot; It's an exclamation and it has a wide range of meanings, a whole spectrum of them, begining with the expression of admiration and finishing with complete dislike, rejection, and condemnation of the subject matter. In any way, it expresses a strong emotion. In your sentence, it's admiration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-04-06T23:20:27.353" LastActivityDate="2017-04-06T23:20:27.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14234" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-07T07:23:28.173" Score="-1" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering if someone could translate this book title and also include the title in russian? I'm attempting to reference it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/R9pwE.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/R9pwE.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8798" LastActivityDate="2017-04-07T07:35:05.110" Title="Can someone translate this book title for me?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-04-07T09:43:00.417" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14234" CreationDate="2017-04-07T07:35:05.110" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;We are not a bulky translation service here. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;You can use Google or something to translate textes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English - &gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Functions of a one variable.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Russian - &gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Функции одного переменного.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8793" LastActivityDate="2017-04-07T07:35:05.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14236" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14238" CreationDate="2017-04-07T08:29:50.997" Score="5" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is the declension of the verb is for feminine singular?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;группа туристов &lt;strong&gt;хотела&lt;/strong&gt; бы пообедать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Isn't &lt;code&gt;группа туристов&lt;/code&gt; plural here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8126" LastActivityDate="2017-04-07T11:31:33.630" Title="Why is the declension of the verb is for feminine singular?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14230" CreationDate="2017-04-07T09:24:31.473" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, this word was entered in common lexicon after few seasons of a dumb TV sitcom &quot;Univer&quot;. It was been reguraliry pronounced by a silly person, Allochka. Then, if you will use in your speak the word ппц, your familiar have suspicted you in poor taste (and in dumb-TV-show addiction).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8687" LastActivityDate="2017-04-07T09:24:31.473" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14236" CreationDate="2017-04-07T09:40:59.507" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, &quot;группа туристов&quot; is singular. The fact that group denotes a set of objects does not change the fact that the word itself is singular. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare &quot;группа туристов заблудилась в лесу&quot; and &quot;группы туристов переходили вброд речку кто где&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example of seemingly more complicated constructs think of &quot;пара групп туристов&quot; - it's a couple of groups - and it's still singular )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-04-07T09:40:59.507" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14236" CreationDate="2017-04-07T11:31:33.630" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;While Russian does &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/64-bolshinstvo&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;hesitate between singular and plural&lt;/a&gt; with such collective nouns as &lt;strong&gt;ряд, большинство, меньшинство, часть,&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;множество&lt;/strong&gt;, the word &lt;strong&gt;группа&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't have the quasi-numeral, for lack of a better term, properties of the English &quot;group&quot;. In other words, it's thought of as an entity comprised of people, rather than a set of people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-04-07T11:31:33.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14224" CreationDate="2017-04-08T04:04:58.510" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say &lt;code&gt;got together&lt;/code&gt; is appropriate. Or &lt;code&gt;connected with&lt;/code&gt; perhaps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="39" LastActivityDate="2017-04-08T04:04:58.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14241" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-09T16:24:22.763" Score="1" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;Данные термины - Atmospheric penetration и Atmospheric removal - встречаются в англоязычной технической литературе, посвященной геоинформационным системам. Первый термин употребляется в следующем контексте:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Coast lines and shores are well defined. It may be used to find textural and moisture characteristics of soils. Vegetation appears blue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А второй в таком:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This combination provides a &quot;natural-like&quot; rendition, while also penetrating atmospheric particles and smoke. Healthy vegetation will be a bright green and can saturate in seasons of heavy growth, grasslands will appear green, pink areas represent barren soil, oranges and browns represent sparsely vegetated areas....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не могу сообразить, каким должен быть их правильный перевод на русский язык. Буду признателен за советы!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример где используются эти термины (the link which shows the usage of these two terms) - &lt;a href=&quot;https://lv.eosda.com/?lat=38.71123&amp;amp;lng=-101.96411&amp;amp;z=8&amp;amp;day=true&amp;amp;s=Landsat8&amp;amp;id=LC80320332017097LGN00&amp;amp;cb=false&amp;amp;b=SWIR2,SWIR1,NIR&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://lv.eosda.com/?lat=38.71123&amp;amp;lng=-101.96411&amp;amp;z=8&amp;amp;day=true&amp;amp;s=Landsat8&amp;amp;id=LC80320332017097LGN00&amp;amp;cb=false&amp;amp;b=SWIR2,SWIR1,NIR&lt;/a&gt; . Если нажать на восклицательный знак рядом с &quot;Atmospheric penetration&quot; или &quot;Atmospheric removal&quot;, то можно получить описания (if you press on exclamation mark near these two terms - Atmospheric penetration and Atmospheric removal - you will see their description). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8803" LastEditorUserId="8803" LastEditDate="2017-04-10T09:30:28.867" LastActivityDate="2017-04-10T09:30:28.867" Title="Как правильно перевести на русский &quot;Atmospheric penetration&quot; и &quot;Atmospheric removal&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2017-04-09T18:56:16.127" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14242" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-09T20:23:26.517" Score="7" ViewCount="483" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do I say I have the same book? Is it:&#xA;У меня есть такая же or та же книга. &#xA;What's the difference between the 2 variants?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8804" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-04-10T08:30:30.593" LastActivityDate="2017-04-10T08:43:00.150" Title="&quot;Тот же&quot; or &quot;такой же&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14243" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14242" CreationDate="2017-04-09T20:50:05.877" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Тот же (самый)&lt;/strong&gt; points to one object (that very book).&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Такой же&lt;/strong&gt; points to different but identical objects (the same/the identical book). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Этот дом такой же, как и тот. (we are speaking about two houses)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это тот же самый дом. (one house is described.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-04-09T21:49:57.917" LastActivityDate="2017-04-09T21:49:57.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14244" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-09T21:10:59.290" Score="4" ViewCount="789" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— 14-го числа у меня будет суд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Я думал, 10-го.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нужна ли запятая во втором предложении этого диалога? Как ёё объяснить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8805" LastEditorUserId="8806" LastEditDate="2017-04-09T22:55:06.040" LastActivityDate="2017-04-10T00:23:20.770" Title="&quot;Я думал, 10-го&quot; или &quot;Я думал 10-го&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14244" CreationDate="2017-04-10T00:23:20.770" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;С запятой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;«Я думал, 10-го»&lt;/code&gt; - сокращение сложноподчинённого предложения &lt;code&gt;«Я думал, что у вас будет суд 10-го числа»&lt;/code&gt;. В сложноподчинённом предложении нужна запятая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;«Я думал 10-го»&lt;/code&gt; означало бы, что говорящий думал 10-го числа (а в другие дни, возможно, не думал).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2017-04-10T00:23:20.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14247" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-10T02:48:47.503" Score="-1" ViewCount="282" Body="&lt;p&gt;I honestly don't know. Gave it some thought, but best i could come up with is &lt;code&gt;Roaring 90s&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;Dashing 90s&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those familiar with a term - what do you think?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="39" LastActivityDate="2017-04-10T08:29:05.740" Title="Как сказать &quot;лихие девяностые&quot; на английском?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-04-10T08:29:43.747" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14247" CreationDate="2017-04-10T08:29:05.740" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depending on a context, I'd choose between the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;no man's 90s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;wild wild 90s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;thrilling 90s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;threatening 90s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;mad 90s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;chaotic 90s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;naughty 90s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;nasty 90s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;crazy 90s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-04-10T08:29:05.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14249" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14242" CreationDate="2017-04-10T08:43:00.150" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;An object of the same quality is 'the same object'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня чёрная рубаха, и у тебя такая же.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Эта станция удобная, и та такая же.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Борщ холодный, и чай такой же.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The examples have the obvious (that is, spoken in phrases) qualities of the objects as topics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An object to which to or more speakers refer is 'the very object':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня чёрная рубаха, а у тебя - та же.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Эта станция удобная, а та - та же.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Борщ холодный, а чай - тот же.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the examples given, the qualities of the objects are opposite to those spoken out in the beginning of the phrases. It is also implied that there is no change in quality of the objects mentioned in the second parts of phrases, or that they are not evident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also put the adjectives from the first group of examples (similar qualities) into the second structure group and the phrases still would have the same meaning, but you cannot do it the other way round (that is, the adjectives are interchangeable in the second group only).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня есть такая же книга.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = I have a book of the same (evident) qualities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня есть та же книга.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = I have the same book as you have mentioned (and the book could be non-visible at the moment of speech).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-04-10T08:43:00.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14250" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14252" CreationDate="2017-04-10T20:58:20.463" Score="4" ViewCount="258" Body="&lt;p&gt;With verbs of motion like &lt;em&gt;ездить&lt;/em&gt; you use &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; + prepositional case for means of transportation and &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; + accusative for destination, but with &lt;em&gt;билет&lt;/em&gt; you use accusative for both. Is there a reason for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4301" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-04-11T12:17:04.687" LastActivityDate="2017-04-11T14:51:58.223" Title="Why &quot;ездить на самолёте&quot; but &quot;билет на самолёт&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14252" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14250" CreationDate="2017-04-11T13:20:21.030" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The noun &lt;code&gt;билет&lt;/code&gt; 'ticket' needs the prepositions &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; + a noun in the Accusative case, the choice of a preposition depends on what the ticket is used for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• With kinds of transport &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; + Accusative is used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;билет на самолёт – airplane ticket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;билет на поезд – train ticket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• With entertainment, sport, etc. events &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; + Accusative is used, too:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;билет на концерт – concert ticket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;билет на футбольный матч – ticket for a football match&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; + Accusative is used with the names of buildings where entertainment events take place, like theater or cinema:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;билет в театр – theater ticket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The use of the Accusative case is due to the fact that those expressions really denote the &lt;em&gt;destination&lt;/em&gt; where you will go with that ticket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And naturally, as @user31264 wrote in his comment, with planes you use &lt;code&gt;летать на самолёте&lt;/code&gt;, not &lt;code&gt;ездить на самолёте&lt;/code&gt;, because &lt;code&gt;ездить&lt;/code&gt; means 'to travel on land transport', or 'to travel on a kind of transport', but in this latter case you dont specify the kind of transport. If a European says &amp;quot;Я часто езжу в Нью-Йорк&amp;quot; – &amp;quot;I often go to New York,&amp;quot; that would surely imply using either ship or plane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-11T14:51:58.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14223" CreationDate="2017-04-11T13:21:31.230" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Zach, what you ask is called &quot;Gerund&quot;. There are two functions of it in Russian: a perfective and an imperfective one. &#xA;Читая книгу, я устал. - the imperfective g. denotes an action which is simultaneous to the action of the main verb, or one interrupts the other. &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Про&lt;/strong&gt;чита&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; книгу, я устал. - the perfective g. describes an action which is completed prior to the action denoted by the main verb.&#xA;The perfective gerund is formed from verbs in -ть (читать) by replacing the perfective infinitive ending by -в (про-чита-в)&#xA;Most imperfective gerunds are formed by adding -я (-а after ж, ч, ш or щ) to the present-tense stem of the verb (чита-я)&#xA;Regarding prefix &quot;про-&quot; I cannot give a comprehensive explanation, unfortunately, it's not always the case one should add the prefix when forming the perfective gerund. &quot;Про-читав&quot; indicates the action is complete. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8810" LastEditorUserId="8810" LastEditDate="2017-04-11T13:31:41.597" LastActivityDate="2017-04-11T13:31:41.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14254" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-11T13:21:51.013" Score="10" ViewCount="1090" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the words spoken by the thin in Chekhov's &quot;Толстый и тонкий&quot;. Although the subject looks like &quot;Друг детства&quot;, which is a singular noun, the verb &quot;вышли&quot; is plural.  (Here, I omitted the insertion phrase &quot;можно сказать&quot; for simplicity.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the subject of this sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4028" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-04-11T16:13:32.727" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T09:08:57.807" Title="What is the subject of the sentence &quot;Друг, можно сказать, детства и вдруг вышли в такие вельможи-с!&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;синтаксис&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14254" CreationDate="2017-04-11T13:38:10.983" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;The subject is missing, and it is &lt;code&gt;вы&lt;/code&gt;. The full sentence would be like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы друг, можно сказать, детства, и вдруг вышли в такие вельможи-с! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is important for understanding the story that Тонкий initially called his friend &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt;, but when he discovered that his friend is now тайный советник (rank 3 in the Russian Empire), while Тонкий himself is only коллежский ассесор (rank 8), he started to call his old friend &lt;code&gt;вы&lt;/code&gt;, and add respectful &quot;-с&quot;.  That displeases his friend, who replies:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Ну, полно! — поморщился толстый.— Для чего этот тон? Мы с тобой&#xA;  друзья детства — и к чему тут это чинопочитание!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2017-04-11T14:58:02.730" LastActivityDate="2017-04-11T14:58:02.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14254" CreationDate="2017-04-11T13:58:32.213" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The subject here is &lt;code&gt;вы&lt;/code&gt;. Your sentence is taken from a dialog:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Я, ваше превосходительство... Очень приятно-с! Друг, можно сказать, детства и вдруг вышли в такие вельможи-с! Хи-хи-с.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Ну, полно! — поморщился толстый.— Для чего этот тон? Мы с тобой друзья детства — и к чему тут это чинопочитание!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the &lt;em&gt;тонкий&lt;/em&gt;, Porfiriy, is addresing his schoolmate Misha the &lt;em&gt;толстый&lt;/em&gt; with the polite 2nd person plural after having learned his schoolmate has already got a very high &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privy_Councillor_(Russia)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;rank of Privy Councilor&lt;/a&gt; (тайный советник) equal to Lieutenant-General in the Army.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentence itself is eliptical, it is a compound sentence consisting of two independent clauses connected with the conjunction &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;, and the subject pronouns in both of them are omitted. They can be easily reconstructed, though:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Вы —] друг … детства и вдруг [вы] вышли в такие вельможи-с!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Друг детства&lt;/em&gt; cannot be a direct address, since here Porfiriy is speaking very politely, he uses a &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;словоер&lt;/a&gt; (the particle of reverence, &lt;code&gt;-c&lt;/code&gt; at the very end of the sentence), and Privy Councilors could not be addressed with &amp;quot;friend&amp;quot; by those of lower ranks, &amp;quot;Your Excellency&amp;quot; (ваше превосходительство) was the way to address them which Porfiriy does in the next phrase he says.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-11T13:58:32.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14258" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14259" CreationDate="2017-04-11T15:49:01.820" Score="6" ViewCount="425" Body="&lt;p&gt;How formal is the phrase &quot;ни фига себе&quot;? I know it is used to express shock but is it formal at all or something used just among friends?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8593" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-04-11T15:56:42.923" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T10:56:41.827" Title="How formal is the phrase &quot;ни фига себе&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;этикет&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14258" CreationDate="2017-04-11T15:56:10.607" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is highly unformal, it's colloquial but there are a lot of cases when it won't be accepted even in casual usage - say, at job one can imagine this saying to a coworker but there's a lot of workplaces that can be treated as democratic but this won't be accepted while talking with boss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Among friends or close relatives though it's quite normal and almost never sounds rude. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look for more polite way to say the same, &lt;code&gt;ничего себе&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;ну и ничего [ж] себе&lt;/code&gt; can be  a decent substitute (for a wider list please refer the excellent V.V's answer).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-04-11T17:28:11.990" LastActivityDate="2017-04-11T17:28:11.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14258" CreationDate="2017-04-11T16:13:29.237" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ни фига себе&lt;/code&gt; is a colloquial expression, people consider it vulgar, it is used to describe different feelings, mainly surprise and admiration. It is informal and used between friends. There are several synonyms of this phrase, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;чудеса да и только;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ничего себе;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;подумать только;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мать честная;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вот тебе на;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;смотри пожалуйста;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ну и ну;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вот так так;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ну что ты скажешь;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вот так штука;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вот тебе и раз;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вот тебе и на;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;да что ты;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;удивительно;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;интересное кино!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вот тебе раз;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;надо же;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;да что вы;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-04-12T12:47:13.927" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T12:47:13.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14258" CreationDate="2017-04-11T22:37:13.093" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is very informal. Here are similar expressions, with similar meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ничего себе&lt;/code&gt; - colloquial, but not obscene at all&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ни фигá себе&lt;/code&gt; - just a bit vulgar or rude.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ни хренá себе&lt;/code&gt; - slightly more rude.  For example, a boy at school would not use it when he talks with a teacher.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ни хуя себе&lt;/code&gt; - (the stress is on &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt;) outright obscene.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, &lt;code&gt;хрен&lt;/code&gt; (lit. horseradish) is used as a common euphemism for хуй, because horseradish root resembles a penis.  In &lt;code&gt;ни фига&lt;/code&gt; себе, &lt;code&gt;фиг&lt;/code&gt; means a fig sign (generally it is called &lt;code&gt;фúга&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;кýкиш&lt;/code&gt; in Russian, but in expressions like &lt;code&gt;ни фигá&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;фиг тебе&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;фиг вам&lt;/code&gt;, it becomes male gender and reduced to &lt;code&gt;фиг&lt;/code&gt;).  The fig sign itself is pretty rude, but the word &lt;code&gt;фиг&lt;/code&gt; is not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2017-04-19T10:56:41.827" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T10:56:41.827" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14262" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-12T04:14:33.547" Score="10" ViewCount="312" Body="&lt;p&gt;Русская футбольная терминология естественно заимствована из английского. Многое было переведено на русский, многое русским освоено, кое-что продолжает существовать в обоих вариантах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть, однако, загадочное слово &quot;штанга&quot;. Вероятно, флотско-голландского происхождения (ср. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;стеньга&lt;/a&gt;). Для порядка уточняю, что англичане называют эту часть ворот post, а эту часть мачты - topmast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Собственно, вопрос: как эта штанга попала в футбольный лексикон?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS Уточнение на ответ &lt;strong&gt;VV&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если почитать источники 20х (Старостин) и 30х (Кассиль) годов, то станет ясно, что &lt;em&gt;штанга&lt;/em&gt; - устоявшися термин, наряду с пропавшими с те пор &lt;em&gt;беком&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;хафбеком&lt;/em&gt; (к слову, &lt;em&gt;форвард&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;голкипер&lt;/em&gt; все еще употребляются). Слово же &lt;em&gt;бомбардир&lt;/em&gt; (в русском языке со времен Петра) к футболу получает отношение не раньше 50х годов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4306" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-04-12T15:17:54.913" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T19:26:05.797" Title="Гол!... - нет - штанга!" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14254" CreationDate="2017-04-12T08:31:56.967" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's important to understand that russian sentences can have hidden subjects which are meant by the context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Люблю грозу в начале мая.  (Ф.И. Тютчев)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which equals to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Я&lt;/strong&gt; люблю грозу в начале мая&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or more complicated sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Умей творить из самых малых крох. (К.Д. Бальмонт)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which equals to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Ты (должен)&lt;/strong&gt; уме&lt;strong&gt;ть&lt;/strong&gt; творить из самых малых крох&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD: Also if you can read in russian you can find more information about this phenomenon here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.svetozar.ru/index/id/38639/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.svetozar.ru/index/id/38639/index.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8821" LastEditorUserId="8821" LastEditDate="2017-04-12T09:08:57.807" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T09:08:57.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14262" CreationDate="2017-04-12T10:31:04.017" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;В 90% случаев слово, которое начинается на &amp;quot;Ш&amp;quot; и имеет второй буквой согласную заимствовано из немецкого, в котором правила предполагают чтение первой S  в таком случае как Ш. Идем в google-translate, переключаем German-&amp;gt;russian, вбиваем Stange и...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translations of Stange&#xA;noun&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;штанга - Stange, Hantel, Latte&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;рейка - Leiste, Latte, Stange&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;столб - Säule, Stange, Pfosten, Pfahl, Pfeiler, Mast&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8821" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T10:31:04.017" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14262" CreationDate="2017-04-12T12:11:26.833" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While most of Russian football terminology has been borrowed or calqued from English indeed, there are lots of terms which are either original Russian or borrowed or calqued from other languages: &lt;em&gt;ворота&lt;/em&gt; (and &lt;em&gt;вратарь&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;одиннадцатиметровый, бровка, девятка, вне игры&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Штанга&lt;/em&gt; is just one of them. It apparently has been borrowed from construction jargon, where it means a round hollow pole used in light-weight frame structures (such as a football goal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T12:11:26.833" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14262" CreationDate="2017-04-12T15:15:41.393" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;На самом деле, хотя в стандартном немецком эта часть футбольных ворот называется (во множественном числе) Torfposten, в австрийском немецком они часто так и называются - штанги (Stangen).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот &lt;a href=&quot;https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_(Fu%C3%9Fball)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;цитата&lt;/a&gt; из немецкой википедии:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In Österreich werden Torpfosten oft als Stangen bezeichnet&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(В Австрии стойки часто называются штангами)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Варианта два - в русском эту часть ворот стали называть штангами независимо от немцев (ну то есть ясно, что слово немецкое, но часть футбольных ворот так стали называть независимо в обоих языках) - или же в русский оно пришло через те диалекты немецкого, где это тоже называлось штангой. Второй вариант по понятным причинам мне кажется более вероятным. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что же касается того, когда это называли штангой в немецком - я задал вопрос &lt;a href=&quot;https://german.stackexchange.com/questions/36035/was-stangen-initially-used-more-often-for-football-gates&quot;&gt;на немецком стеке&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD: на немецком стеке говорят, что &quot;штанга&quot; раньше действительно говорили чаще. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T12:42:15.473" LastActivityDate="2017-04-12T19:26:05.797" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14268" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-12T22:12:44.927" Score="4" ViewCount="4557" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between the letter Е and Э?&#xA;Based on my book are the same like E in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My friend (he's not a Russian native speaker) explained me that Э is consonant and Е is a wovel. Is that true?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastActivityDate="2017-04-17T17:25:41.217" Title="What is the difference between the letter Е and Э?" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14269" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14268" CreationDate="2017-04-13T00:09:39.703" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Е is a composite sound. It consists of two sounds: Й + Э. Like Ю = Й + У&#xA;And Я = Й + А&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5249" LastActivityDate="2017-04-13T00:09:39.703" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14270" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-13T00:29:46.547" Score="3" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between prefixes об and по. For example облизать and полизать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4370" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-04-14T17:45:30.763" LastActivityDate="2017-04-14T17:45:30.763" Title="Difference between prefixes &quot;об&quot; and &quot;по&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14268" CreationDate="2017-04-13T01:38:28.477" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Е&quot; is read as two sounds if there is no consonant before it, as English letters YE in the word &quot;yes&quot;. If there is a consonant, it softens (consult your book on soft and hard sounds in Russian), and &quot;Е&quot; letter is read as &quot;E&quot; in English as in word &quot;epic&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Э&quot; is read like english &quot;A&quot; in the word &quot;Apple&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2017-04-13T01:38:28.477" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14270" CreationDate="2017-04-13T10:11:35.210" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Roughly said, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;об-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; means '[centered] around' and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; means 'along [and then to somewhere else]'. The difference is also in cases for adverbial complement - not  always but quite often, e. g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дети облазили чердак.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = The kids have investigated all the loft through.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я обдумаю это.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = I'll think about this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Она обделала порог.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = She shat around [all] the threshold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дети полазали на чердаке.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = The kids has been investigating the loft [for a while].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я подумаю об этом.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = I'll think about this [and then I'll shift to some other topic].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он поделал порог.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = He's been making a threshold [for a while and then he switched to some other activity].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the difference is that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;об-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; refers to a non-literal meaning, while &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  indicates the action as it is, thus making the meaning entirely different, e. g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я обрёл смысл.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = I've found [the supreme] meaning [of/in smth]. NB: the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;об-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is regarded by some researchers as a part of the stem, but the stem actually is a historical cognate of Lithuanian &lt;em&gt;ràsti&lt;/em&gt; and  &lt;em&gt;surė̃sti&lt;/em&gt; (acc. to Fasmer).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я побрёл своим путём.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = I wended my way along.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дым обволок кострище.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = The smoke coated the fireplace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Волк поволок ягнёнка в тёмный лес.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = A wolf was taking a lamb into a dark forest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дела обстоят хорошо.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = The things / the circumstances are OK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Они постоят и пойдут.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = They'll stand there for a while and then they'll part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, the difference between &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;облизать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;полизать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; will be as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Котёнок облизал сметану.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = The kitten has licked [all the] sour creme [around].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Котёнок полизал сметану.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = The kitten has licked some sour creme [for a while and then switched to some other activity].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-04-14T17:02:25.597" LastActivityDate="2017-04-14T17:02:25.597" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14268" CreationDate="2017-04-13T10:26:02.637" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The consonant letter &lt;em&gt;resembling&lt;/em&gt; a vowel by its form  is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;З з&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (like number three), so your friend might inintentionally mistake the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;З з&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Э э&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The letter &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Э э&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is closer to the first part [ε] in the diphtong from the English word  'care', while the Russian &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;E e&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is closer to pronuciation of English E e in 'ten' as a shorter version of E e in Swedish &lt;em&gt;sedan&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;mer&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The vowel &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;E e&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; palatalises preceding consonants, while the vowel &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Э э&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the vowel &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;E e&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is read as [j + e] after another vowel, a soft or a hard sign, and it is read as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;[i]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in an unstressed position (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Если съехать в сьерру и съесть ежа, то едва ли сегодня&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;[j'esli sjekhat'fs'jerru is'jest' jizha tajidvali s'ivodn'ja]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ), whilest the letter &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Э э&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is always read as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Э э&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-04-14T12:03:51.077" LastActivityDate="2017-04-14T12:03:51.077" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14274" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14277" CreationDate="2017-04-13T18:00:01.460" Score="1" ViewCount="192" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would someone be able to translate this letter I found. Some of the characters I just don't recognise, I've been learning using typed letters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user8827" LastEditorDisplayName="user8827" LastEditDate="2017-04-14T09:25:04.663" LastActivityDate="2017-04-14T09:25:04.663" Title="Could someone translate this handwritten letter?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2017-04-17T12:43:44.980" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14268" CreationDate="2017-04-13T19:34:43.397" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian letter 'Е' sounds differently when it's the first letter of a word, or when it follows a consonant in the middle of a word. Letter 'Э' sounds the same in any part of the word. Both letters are vowels. As pointed out by manjusri, your friend could have mistaken 'З' (Z) with 'Э' (Е).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Letter &lt;strong&gt;'Э'&lt;/strong&gt; sounds similar to &lt;strong&gt;'e'&lt;/strong&gt; in English words 'bed, bet, ten'.  Here are some examples: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;это (eto)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;эгоист (egoist)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the beginning of a word &lt;strong&gt;'Е'&lt;/strong&gt; sounds similar to &lt;strong&gt;'ye'&lt;/strong&gt; in English 'yes'. Here are some examples: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ель (jelʹ)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;есть (jestʹ)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the middle of the word letter &lt;strong&gt;'Е'&lt;/strong&gt; softens the preceding consonant and sounds similar to &lt;strong&gt;'e'&lt;/strong&gt; in English 'yes'. here are some more examples: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;мел (mel)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2#Pronunciation_2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;лев (lev)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, letter 'Е' is pronounced exactly like letter 'Э'.  That often happens in words borrowed from foreign languages: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;проект (proekt)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;модель (modеlʹ)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All links contain audio samples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-17T17:25:41.217" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14274" CreationDate="2017-04-13T23:24:32.877" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since stackexchange is not a simple translation service, here is this letter in typed letters, so you could translate it by yourself:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алкоголь Скорая &lt;em&gt;Алкоголь (stroke through)&lt;/em&gt; Антон.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;А тема очень уж проста&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Пишу я с чистого листа&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Антоха парень просто класс&lt;br&gt;&#xA;И про него сейчас рассказ&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Решил немного выпить пива да&lt;br&gt;&#xA;И вот какая ерунда&lt;br&gt;&#xA;что скажем по секрету&lt;br&gt;&#xA;закинули в карету&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Антоху в скорой помощи&#xA;Теперь желудок полощи&lt;br&gt;&#xA;А так по сути и конец&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Ну ваш Антоха молодец!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;hope this helps you &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7371" LastEditorUserId="7371" LastEditDate="2017-04-13T23:31:32.773" LastActivityDate="2017-04-13T23:31:32.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14278" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14279" CreationDate="2017-04-14T11:19:38.317" Score="15" ViewCount="6810" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm very new to learning Russian and I was wondering if the word есть has different meanings? I thought it meant eat, but then noticed it was being used in different contexts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Forgive the simplicity of my question, as I say I am just starting out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8831" LastEditorUserId="8831" LastEditDate="2017-04-14T16:08:08.123" LastActivityDate="2017-05-12T17:42:42.063" Title="&quot;есть&quot; eat or have?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14278" CreationDate="2017-04-14T11:42:22.033" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two verbs in Russian which are homonymous in one of their forms: it's &lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt; meaning &amp;quot;to eat&amp;quot; (infinitive) and &lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt; meaning &amp;quot;(it) is&amp;quot; (third person singular present from &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;to be&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These verbs are not cognates (meaning they are not connected etymologically), they just happen to be homonyms in that one form and only in Russian, not even the most closely related Belorussian and Ukrainian. Before the spelling reform of 1918 they even were not homographs: they were spelled as &lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;(it) is&amp;quot; and &lt;em&gt;ѣсть&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;to eat&amp;quot;, respectively, the spellings using historically different root vowels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian language exhibits a phenomenon called &amp;quot;proximal possession&amp;quot;: a common way to express a concept of &amp;quot;someone having something&amp;quot; is saying, literally, &amp;quot;at someone there is something&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня есть машина&lt;/em&gt; would mean &amp;quot;I have a car&amp;quot;, or, literally, &amp;quot;there is a car at me&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, answering your question, the word &lt;em&gt;ест&lt;/em&gt; does not mean anything other than &amp;quot;(he) eats&amp;quot;. However, its infinitive form, &lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;to eat&amp;quot;, has a homonym with a sense of &amp;quot;having&amp;quot; indeed, though it's not its primary meaning and it's only a homonym in one particular form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть овощи полезно для здоровья // Eating vegetables is good for your health.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У него в холодильнике есть овощи // He has some veggies in his fridge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-17T02:08:54.873" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14278" CreationDate="2017-04-14T11:49:38.777" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The form &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ест&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ((s)he eats) is always Thir Person Present Tense Singular from the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and so forever shall it be. It is therefore very different from the  form &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Yes, the Palatalisation (that nowadays unpronounced soft sign at the end of the verb) does matter in Russian phonetics).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, again, the form &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a homonym for&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) infinitive form of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (to eat) and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) Third Person Present Tense Singular copula verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ('to be', but also used as 'to have' in 'A has B'-type structures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in fact you have to distingwish between all the three (unless you will additionally want to know why in certain structures of A-has-B-type Russian speakers prefer to use this form and in other cases of the same structures they omit the verb completely, e.g. what is a difference between the phrases '&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня есть машина&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;'; '&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня - машина&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;' and '&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Машина - у меня&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-04-14T11:49:38.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8671" CreationDate="2017-04-14T12:19:43.223" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Less than 2 years after asking this question, I ended up doing a beginner's course in Russian. I started learning Russian about 6 months after I finished getting some beginner's lessons for Mongolian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wasn't very successful in learning Mongolian or how to pronounce it, but I can't recall any differences in pronunciation of individual letters between the two languages per se. The main challenges I recall having during the Russian course was learning how to handle lots of consonants together, such as &quot;Здравствуйте&quot;, and rules about how pronunciation works, such as unstressed vowels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the knowledge I had of Cyrillic before doing the Russian course, I wouldn't know how to pronounce Russian words correctly, but I'd be able to tell what English-language word they were related to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that though I didn't notice a difference in individual letters, the two languages sound fairly different. Mongolian has been &lt;a href=&quot;http://drvalfarmer.blogspot.com.au/2012/05/mongolian-language.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;described&lt;/a&gt; as &quot;listening to two cats hiss and spit at each other until one of them throws up&quot;, and the only qualification I'd add to that is that I think it's a very beautiful hissing and spitting, while Russian sounds like your average European language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5423" LastActivityDate="2017-04-14T12:19:43.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14282" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14283" CreationDate="2017-04-14T12:29:59.910" Score="14" ViewCount="941" Body="&lt;p&gt;When not referring to the actual Mongolian currency, what nuances does the term &quot;тугрик&quot; have, if any?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, does it imply that the currency is weak?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5423" LastActivityDate="2017-04-16T00:07:34.987" Title="What nuances does the term &quot;тугрик&quot; have?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="10" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14282" CreationDate="2017-04-14T12:52:35.153" Score="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;It usually metaphorically means &amp;quot;some obscure local currency&amp;quot;, hardly known and hardly usable outside the country of origin; &amp;quot;some kind of monetary surrogate of limited use and circulation&amp;quot; (such as chits, company store vouchers, in-game currency in online games etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's close in meaning to English &amp;quot;monopoly money&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;funny money&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В портах, куда мы заходили, нам выдавали ― донги или еще какие тугрики.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не стал говорить Владимиру, что местные тугрики тоже называются долларами&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тут надо заметить, что в Мексике местные тугрики обозначают таким же значком, как доллары&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-14T12:52:35.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14282" CreationDate="2017-04-14T17:12:02.490" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term as a reference to exotic currency was widepread during times of Soviet international contracts. Since nineties, the meaning became broader. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Phonosemantically and similar to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cockneyrhymingslang.co.uk/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;cockney rhyming slang&lt;/a&gt;, the term implies a joking attitude (towards the topic, the situation, the currency, goods, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this context it can refer not just to an exotic monetary unit, but to Russian roubles or more usual currency as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Есть тугрики?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Давай тугрики!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-04-14T20:33:55.433" LastActivityDate="2017-04-14T20:33:55.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14285" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14286" CreationDate="2017-04-15T09:20:10.657" Score="9" ViewCount="430" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вчера я отдал свою швейную машинку. Предупредил женщину, которой я ее дал, что она очень тяжела. Она ответила, что «Своя ноша не тяжела». Как это понимать? Она объяснила эту пословицу, но я её не понял.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yesterday I gave my sewing machine away. I warned the lady I gave it to that it was heavy. She answered, &quot;Своя ноша не тяжела&quot;. How to understand that phrase? She tried to explain it to me but I didn't understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-04-16T20:51:12.937" LastActivityDate="2017-04-16T20:51:12.937" Title="What does &quot;Своя ноша не тяжела&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;пословицы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14285" CreationDate="2017-04-15T10:48:43.877" Score="12" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Своя ноша не тяжела или Своя ноша не тянет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a proverb that means &quot;What is done for yourself is not hard&quot;.&#xA;Even if it is really a hard job.&#xA;Just to add the English equivalent &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;A burden of one's own choice is not felt&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-04-15T11:09:11.937" LastActivityDate="2017-04-15T11:09:11.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14288" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14292" CreationDate="2017-04-15T15:25:36.287" Score="2" ViewCount="744" Body="&lt;p&gt;A: &quot;What happened?&quot;&#xA;B: &quot;You tell me!&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы скажй?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8849" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T20:46:32.497" Title="How to say &quot;You tell me!&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14288" CreationDate="2017-04-15T15:46:13.530" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd translate it as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сами скажите!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сам скажи!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вы/Ты&quot; instead of &quot;Сами&quot; is acceptable too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2017-04-15T15:46:13.530" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14288" CreationDate="2017-04-15T17:58:09.470" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, there is an expression &quot;а это ты мне скажи&quot;/&quot;а это вы мне скажите&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2017-04-15T17:58:09.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14291" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-15T18:09:03.867" Score="4" ViewCount="158" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to make sense of Goncharov's signature as it appears &lt;a href=&quot;https://archive.org/stream/polnoesobranies04goncgoog?ui=embed&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;in this book&lt;/a&gt;. Although I am familiar with the cyrillic alphabet in print, I am unable to see Goncharov's name there. Is it really there or is it something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8850" LastActivityDate="2017-04-15T21:27:34.667" Title="Goncharov's signature" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14288" CreationDate="2017-04-15T18:58:00.843" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian if we are angry we can just reply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;–Что случилось?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;–Он/она еще спрашивает! Это ты скажи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-15T18:58:00.843" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14291" CreationDate="2017-04-15T21:27:34.667" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Although I am familiar with the cyrillic alphabet in print&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian handwritten script is quite different from a printed one, just like it's in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it really there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, his signature is rather clear. It's &quot;&lt;strong&gt;I&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; followed by a dot (i.e. Ivan) and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Gonchar&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; with some curly tail (probably &quot;ov&quot; yet merely unreadable as it's normal with signatures) which also provide a closure of the first letter &quot;G&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-04-15T21:27:34.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14282" CreationDate="2017-04-16T00:07:34.987" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native speaker I understand it as just a slang term for &quot;money&quot;, similar to &quot;капуста&quot;, not sure that teenagers are using it, probably adult audience is more inclined to use it ;-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8852" LastActivityDate="2017-04-16T00:07:34.987" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14295" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14296" CreationDate="2017-04-16T18:59:07.210" Score="7" ViewCount="323" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I play online games I often hear people who have just connected say what sounds like &quot;Меня слышно?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this means &quot;Can you hear me?&quot; because they want to know if their microphone works. However, this seems like incorrect grammar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a set phrase or am I misinterpreting what they are saying?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T10:05:25.220" Title="Meaning of &quot;Меня слышно?&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14296" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14295" CreationDate="2017-04-16T20:50:11.547" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this is a set phrase and - no, you are right in your interpretation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The structure itself is an ellipsis with an omitted quasi-ergative subject in Dative (elliptical topic):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Всем)   (ли)     меня     слышно?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;All-DAT INTERROG me-ACC heard-NEUT&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The commentary on the topic is an archaic form of participle, which in modern Russian is formally similar to adverbs (cf. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;можно, нужно, важно, видно, слышно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; VS &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;осторожно, возможно, рано, поздно,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other samples of similar structures (I am not sure whether they are  productive or not):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Можно Вас? / Вам можно / нельзя.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кого (не) нужно (по)звать)?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Его / Ему (не) видно.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нас / Нам (не) слышно.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some structures, however, are possible only in quasi-ergative forms (unless they contain an elliptical verb).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мне рано.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тебе поздно.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Каждому понятно.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Всем ясно.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Им обидно.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Не) каждому дано.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кому-то завидно.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-04-19T10:05:25.220" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T10:05:25.220" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14298" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-17T12:07:43.923" Score="5" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Ничто не причина&quot; – пишет Лев Николаевич – &quot;Все это только совпадение...&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8856" LastActivityDate="2017-04-17T12:26:48.313" Title="Правильно ли оформлена цитата?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;&lt;цитата&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14298" CreationDate="2017-04-17T12:26:48.313" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Ничто не причина, — пишет Лев Николаевич. — Всё это только совпадение…»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal et al., &lt;em&gt;Справочник по правописанию…&lt;/em&gt;, §121:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Если авторские слова стоят внутри прямой речи, выделяемой кавычками, то последние ставятся только в начале и в конце прямой речи и не ставятся между прямой речью и авторскими словами, например: &lt;em&gt;«Я могу читать, — первый опять заговорил Петрусь, — и скоро выучусь писать пером»&lt;/em&gt; (Короленко).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Если на месте разрыва прямой речи должна была стоять точка, то перед авторскими словами ставятся запятая и тире, а после них – точка и тире; вторая часть прямой речи начинается с прописной буквы. Например: &lt;em&gt;«Их распустили до приговора, — сказал дворник. — Объявят завтра, в девять вечера»&lt;/em&gt; (Трифонов).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ibid, §124:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Цитаты заключаются в кавычки. Если цитата оформляется как прямая речь, т.е. сопровождается словами автора, приводящего её, то применяются соответствующие правила пунктуации (см. §119–122).&#xA;…&#xA;&lt;em&gt;«Мне кажется, что стиль перевода не будет нарушен, — пишет Корней Чуковский, — если мы в меру и с тактом будем в своем переводе передавать иностранные пословицы и поговорки русскими, особенно в тех случаях, когда буквальный перевод неуклюж и многословен».&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-17T12:26:48.313" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14288" CreationDate="2017-04-18T06:07:09.163" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No literal translation possible, because there are different answers depending on context. E.g. if that answering person expresses equal confusion, it must be a  an unrelated phrase in Russian with similar meaning, like &quot;Сам не знаю&quot;, &quot;А что ты у меня спрашиваешь?&quot;, &quot;А черт его знает&quot; etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If answer  implies that talking person believes that asking person knows more than them, possible  answers would be closer to English original:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты еще спрашиваешь!                     (you are asking?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты еще и спрашиваешь!  (empasized form)  (And you &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; asking?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это ты мне скажи, что случилось.  (You tell me what did happen?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это у тебя надо спросить! (You're one who must be questioned)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To situation described in comment, first variant is closest, if B also knows that A related to  event in question. Last two, if B just suspects it and confronts A&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8859" LastEditorUserId="8859" LastEditDate="2017-04-18T06:13:46.843" LastActivityDate="2017-04-18T06:13:46.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8829" CreationDate="2017-04-19T06:23:35.433" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Impersonal sentences ALWAYS express  elemental, unconscious, passive nature of action or state. Second sentence can be transformed into personal one in form:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Деревья были свалены ветром.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literally:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Trees are felled by wind.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning of impersonal sentence is just same as of passive form. In most cases impersonal sentences should be translated as passive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Меня сбило с ног.&#xA;&#xA;I was knocked down. \\ I've been thrown off my feet.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One may argue that one should use &lt;code&gt;повалило&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;повалены&lt;/code&gt; as more appropriate verb that have only that exact meaning, without being homophonic to a form of verb &lt;code&gt;свалять&lt;/code&gt; (roll up, knead). In real life cases, the verb &lt;code&gt;повалить&lt;/code&gt;, translated to English with relatively rarely used verb &lt;code&gt;to fell&lt;/code&gt; (not to be confused with past tense of &lt;code&gt;to fall&lt;/code&gt;), is actually more frequently used in this situation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8859" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T06:23:35.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8829" CreationDate="2017-04-19T10:31:51.220" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apart from being neutral and/or emphasising the subconsciopus perception, the words with neutrum verbs (another type of quasi-&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ergative&lt;/a&gt; structure in Russian) work as sentences with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dummy_pronoun&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dummy pronouns&lt;/a&gt; in European languages (French, English and German) except that the dummy pronoun is elliptical (non-&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidentiality&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;evidential&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The structure emphasises the active nature of non-living agent (placed apart from the context and/or rhema of the saying) and it can be both reflexive and non-reflexive verbs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Светало.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Прояснилось.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perfective verbs from participles, while non-perfective verbs are more likely to from quasi-ergative structures with neutrum verbs, but this is not mandatory:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Решено.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Решилось.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (both derive from a perfective verb)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Прояснено / Разъяснено.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Прояснилось.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (imperfective VS perfective)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of 'elliptical quasi-ergative structures' work both in Present and Past tenses, where the Present Tense is rendered through the Past Passive Participle of archaic type:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Глаза заволошены / заволокло дымкой.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Горло стянуто / стянуло сухостью.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Грудь сдавлена / сдавило тяжестью.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пламя окутано / окутало тьмой.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Небо озарено / озарило луной.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Горизонт освещен / осветило багровым закатом.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ночь разлита / разлило невидимой рукой.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ум охвачен / охватило прозрачностью.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the difference is that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Деревья свалил ветер&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; =&gt; The sentence describes evidential cause / state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Деревья свалило ветром&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  =&gt; The sentence descrives non-evidential cause / state. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Thanks to Fenno-Ugric languages.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-04-19T10:46:14.750" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T10:46:14.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14304" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14305" CreationDate="2017-04-19T15:41:51.137" Score="8" ViewCount="296" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I type Pushkin into google translate, it returns &quot;Пушкин&quot;. On the other hand, when I look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;english wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, it says &quot;Пу́шкин&quot;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; also has &quot;Пу́шкин&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which should be used in an English publication? Should the APA-LC be Pushkin or  Pу́shkin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7736" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T15:59:39.177" Title="Is Pushkin Пу́шкин or Пушкин ? Does the у́ matter?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14304" CreationDate="2017-04-19T15:53:50.723" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;That dash above the &lt;strong&gt;у́&lt;/strong&gt; is called &quot;stress accent&quot;. Wikipedia marks stress accent in the names of its articles. Such stress accents are not written in most of the Russian texts, they are used mostly in encyclopedias, dictionaries, Russian textbooks ans sometimes in books for children. The stress on &lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt; means that it is this vowel sound which is the loudest and longest in the word, in Russian you pronounce &lt;em&gt;Пушкин&lt;/em&gt; as POOSH-kin. Again, in usual texts those stress accents are &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; used. Note that later in the Russian Wikipedia article no stress accent is put. In English the standart spelling of that surname is &lt;code&gt;Pushkin&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-04-19T15:59:39.177" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T15:59:39.177" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14306" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14313" CreationDate="2017-04-19T17:09:15.797" Score="5" ViewCount="407" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am wondering if there is a Russian equivalent of the English idiom &lt;code&gt;&quot;A fool and his money are soon parted&quot;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3728" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T07:58:24.563" Title="Is there a translation of &quot;A fool and his money are soon parted&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14288" CreationDate="2017-04-19T20:46:32.497" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say &quot;Я у тебя хотел(а) спросить&quot;. It's quite popular answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8865" LastActivityDate="2017-04-19T20:46:32.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14310" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14311" CreationDate="2017-04-19T23:23:49.370" Score="2" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;anyone can help me to understand what is the translation of words in a box that I draw a circle on it in the following KitKat Picture into English? (what is the words top of 5% in English)? it's so strange for me to read it because my native is Spanish. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/75J40.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/75J40.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;any idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8867" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T00:18:46.323" Title="One Crayz but nice to underestand on KitKat Choclate?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2017-04-20T10:30:20.917" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14310" CreationDate="2017-04-20T00:02:30.313" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is simple;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на порцию 23,5 г&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = per portion of 23,5 g / por cada ración de 23,5 g;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ккал&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = kcal (a unit of energetical value of food).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trivia: in Ukranian (another East-Slavic language) the words kit-kat could be understood as 'cat the executioner' (gato el verdugo).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-04-20T00:18:46.323" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T00:18:46.323" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14306" CreationDate="2017-04-20T00:13:21.470" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a list of proverbs meaning roughly 'it is not worth being a fool'. I'd vote for the last one as the closest Russian equivalent of the English idiom you have mentioned - though the first one might match some meaning of the phrase as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дурак деньги напоказ носит.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дураки о добыче спорят, а умные разделили ее.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дурень и дом сожжет, так огню рад.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дурак дом построил, а умница купил.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дурак торгует, когда базар кончится.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дураки да нищие не родом ведутся, а кому Б-г даст.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (though here 'дурак' means rather 'mad' than 'a fool'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дураку все копейка.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last, but not least, you can also use the not-so-delicate and less classical, but nontheless explicit &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Недолго музыка играла&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (sometimes followed by &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;недолго фраер танцевал&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;). This phrase can be used in a broader conext.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-04-20T00:23:25.480" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T00:23:25.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14306" CreationDate="2017-04-20T07:58:24.563" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In numerous Russian books this English idiom (its sense: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Дурак легко расстаётся с деньгами&lt;/em&gt;&quot;)  is compared with the Russian proverb: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;У дурака в горсти дыра&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. An example of such a book: &lt;em&gt;Пословицы и поговорки - &#xA;английские, немецкие, французские с русским переводом (Энтраст Трейдинг, Москва 2015).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The page:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=A7nYCQAAQBAJ&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;pg=PA11&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;ots=mRzKWAIIUY&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U28TmxXWPOptmFAuwRawvK62wHw0g&amp;amp;w=1280&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=A7nYCQAAQBAJ&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;pg=PA11&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;ots=mRzKWAIIUY&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U28TmxXWPOptmFAuwRawvK62wHw0g&amp;amp;w=1280&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T07:58:24.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14314" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-20T16:03:41.477" Score="2" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть похожие слова, это hardware и software. Как перевести их достаточно очевидно, но imageware?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8871" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-04-20T17:31:04.323" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T20:43:21.517" Title="Как можно перевести &quot;imageware&quot; на русский?" Tags="&lt;терминология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2017-04-21T08:10:48.170" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14314" CreationDate="2017-04-20T16:21:59.853" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Выбирайте:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;видеометрика&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;визуальное ПО&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;система распознавания образов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;система визуального распознавания&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;визуальное оснащение&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;образ-система&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;имидж-оборудование&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;образ-оборудование&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;система образов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;система оптики&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;система образ-вид&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T16:21:59.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14316" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14318" CreationDate="2017-04-20T16:25:44.730" Score="7" ViewCount="372" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; Can someone explain what the difference between &lt;code&gt;посмеяться&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;засмеяться&lt;/code&gt; is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both have &lt;code&gt;смеяться&lt;/code&gt; (to laugh) as their imperfective form, so I am really confused about what the difference might be -- usually perfective verbs with different meanings have different imperfective forms, yet not this time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both verbs appear in my flashcards of the most common verbs in Russian, and I am unsure of what to write in order to remember the difference between them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Attempt:&lt;/strong&gt; Here is my working hypothesis for now:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;засмеяться&lt;/code&gt; - to laugh only in the sense of &amp;quot;to begin laughing&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;посмеяться&lt;/code&gt; - to laugh in any other sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems to be corroborated by the following lines of evidence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The Wiktionary articles for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;засмеяться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;посмеяться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;These &lt;a href=&quot;https://quizlet.com/96048786/quiz-2-flash-cards/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;internet flashcards&lt;/a&gt; I found, which define &lt;code&gt;засмеяться&lt;/code&gt; as &amp;quot;to start laughing&amp;quot; and &lt;code&gt;посмеяться&lt;/code&gt; as &amp;quot;to laugh, to chuckle&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most of the google image results for &lt;code&gt;засмеяться&lt;/code&gt; say &amp;quot;попробуй не засмеяться&amp;quot; which I would translate as &amp;quot;try not to (begin) laugh(ing)&amp;quot; while a lot of the google image results for &lt;code&gt;посмеяться&lt;/code&gt; are &amp;quot;демотиваторы для посмеяться&amp;quot; which I would translate as &amp;quot;demotivators for laughing (but not necessarily beginning to laugh)&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eudict.com/?lang=ruseng&amp;amp;word=%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F,%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F,%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F,%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F,%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C,%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F,%20%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this dictionary&lt;/a&gt; translates both verbs as simply meaning &amp;quot;to laugh&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-26T16:00:24.123" Title="What is the difference between посмеяться and засмеяться?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14316" CreationDate="2017-04-20T17:26:30.137" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are almost right. &quot;Засмеяться&quot; indeed means &quot;to start, to begin to laugh&quot;. But &quot;посмеяться&quot; means &quot;to laugh for a short period of time&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я посмеялся&quot; - I laughed (but I don't laugh any more now). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T17:26:30.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14316" CreationDate="2017-04-20T17:31:32.430" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of Russian language treats is that it can convey the finest nuance of the verb's aspect (how does the state or action described by the verb develop in time) morphologically rather than analytically (meaning changing a single word using prefixes and suffixes rather than building a phrase out of many words).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These nuances sometimes cannot be explained very well in other languages in a few words, and mostly are not even that significant. It's just that Russian works this way, the same way you have to use definite and indefinite articles with nouns in English or have to add evidential markers to verbs in Quechua (this means that in Quechua you can't state a fact without expressing the way you learned about it; you can't just say &amp;quot;that horse is black&amp;quot;, you can only say &amp;quot;I saw that horse was black&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;I think that horse is black&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;that horse is black they say&amp;quot;). This is just how language works and in fact most of the time you can omit those details in translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, there are lots of perfective verbs formed from this root: &lt;em&gt;засмеяться, посмеяться, рассмеяться, пересмеяться, отсмеяться, усмеяться&lt;/em&gt; etc., all with basic sense of laughing but focusing on different aspects of how does the laughing develop in time. Some of the prefixes have more or less established meaning (you can tell the aspect from looking at the prefix); others are ad-hoc and you just have to learn that form by heart to be able to use it correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, &lt;em&gt;засмеяться&lt;/em&gt; focuses on the beginning of laughing indeed and at the same time is the &amp;quot;default&amp;quot; perfective form of the verb meaning to &amp;quot;laugh&amp;quot;: if you ask a Russian to put &lt;em&gt;я смеюсь&lt;/em&gt; in future, most would say &lt;em&gt;я засмеюсь&lt;/em&gt; (Russian forms simple future tense by replacing an imperfective verb with perfective). This is what is used by default to convey the meaning of &amp;quot;laugh&amp;quot; when the grammar requires a perfective verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Музыка стихла. В наступившей тишине кто-то засмеялся. // The music faded. Someone's laugh broke the silence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думал, она заплачет. Нет, она не заплакала, она засмеялась… // I thought she would cry. But she didn't cry, she laughed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Посмеяться&lt;/em&gt; is a more specific word, it focuses on first starting the laugh then ending it. It could be translated as &amp;quot;to have had a laugh&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оба посмеялись, как это бывает в таких случаях у мужчин. // They both have had a laugh, as it is customary between men on such occasions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И командировочный опять посмеялся, глядя на Нюру. // And the business trip man had a laugh again looking at Nyura.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T17:31:32.430" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14316" CreationDate="2017-04-20T17:39:26.633" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Посмеяться means 1)to &lt;strong&gt;laugh for some time&lt;/strong&gt; or 2) if you have an object or a person &lt;strong&gt;to laugh at, to joke, to mock at someone&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы посмеялись его шутке. Посмеяться над анекдотом.&#xA;  Посмеяться над чувствами влюбленного.  Посмеяться над приятелем.  Она посмеялась надо мной и была, наверное, права.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Засмеяться means to &lt;strong&gt;start laughing&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он услышал анекдот и засмеялся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-04-21T12:03:13.007" LastActivityDate="2017-04-21T12:03:13.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14314" CreationDate="2017-04-20T20:37:58.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нужен контекст для перевода. Вообще это торговая марка,  вид программного обеспечения, в оригинале вроде бы Canon.  Если и становится нарицательным, то только в очень  специфическом контексте, устойчивого перевода в некоторых случаях нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hardware может означать любое оборудование, детали, скобяной товар и прочие технические  аналоги (durable equipment, gear, paraphernalia, equipment). Hardware - это не только оборудование, но  замок для двери, коробка гвоздей  и снаряжение надетое на Вас. Hardware store в прошлом бы переводилось как скобяная лавка, сейчас скорее это может быть и хозяйственный магазин, и магазин торгующий каким-то оборудованием или инструментом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Software - это укрепившийся сленг построенный по аналогии с Hardware. Есть еще firmware и wetware - а как ЭТО вы переведете? wetware в оригинале было придумано фантастами для обозначения биологических машин или имплантатов, а сейчас так иногда обозначают все продукты биоинженерии. Vaporware - единственное слово из этого семейства, переводимое однозначно: &quot;мыльный пузырь&quot;, фиктивный, несуществующий продукт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8859" LastEditorUserId="8859" LastEditDate="2017-04-20T20:43:21.517" LastActivityDate="2017-04-20T20:43:21.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14321" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-21T13:13:46.457" Score="4" ViewCount="266" Body="&lt;p&gt;I couldn't understand why &quot;&lt;code&gt;зуб&lt;/code&gt;&quot; is in genitive case(&lt;code&gt;зубов&lt;/code&gt;) in the following sentence. What is the grammatical explanation for that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;у меня в два раза больше зубов,чем у тебя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8126" LastActivityDate="2017-04-25T11:01:50.630" Title="Why is &quot;зуб&quot; in genitive case in the following comparison?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14321" CreationDate="2017-04-21T14:13:25.330" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The explanation is very simple - you must use genitive after &lt;em&gt;больше&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;меньше&lt;/em&gt; as well as after &lt;em&gt;много&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;мало&lt;/em&gt; or telling an exact number (&lt;em&gt;у меня десять пальцев и сто тысяч волос&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2017-04-21T14:13:25.330" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14321" CreationDate="2017-04-21T21:01:52.940" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Words which describe inexact quality govern genitive plural: много котов, мало котов, больше котов, чем у тебя, немного котов, несколько котов, столько же котов, сколько у вас котов...  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Words which describe number also govern genitive plural unless then end by 1,2,3,4, but not 11,12,13,14: 8 котов, 112 котов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, quantors есть коты, некоторые коты, все коты govern nominative plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2017-04-21T21:01:52.940" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14324" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-22T07:53:48.557" Score="4" ViewCount="271" Body="&lt;p&gt;Дорогая передача!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I must confess that until recently I never read any of Vysotsky in print. Doing so for the first time I've stumbled upon these lines, and I was immensely surprised. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand, in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;   Но на происки и бредни&#xA;   Сети есть у нас, и бредни&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the word &lt;code&gt;Сети&lt;/code&gt; is absolutely artificial and makes no sense. I bet he meant &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;SETI&lt;/a&gt;, as in &lt;code&gt;Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is, is there an authoritative manuscript of this poem?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С уваженьем. Дата, подпись.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4306" LastEditorUserId="4306" LastEditDate="2017-04-22T08:03:59.453" LastActivityDate="2017-04-24T12:40:51.957" Title="Сети у нас есть, или SETI?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14324" CreationDate="2017-04-22T09:57:50.873" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a word play.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Но на происки и бредни&lt;/code&gt; — &lt;code&gt;For intrigues and ravings&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сети есть у нас, и бредни&lt;/code&gt; — &lt;code&gt;We have nets and drag-nets&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first line &lt;code&gt;бредни&lt;/code&gt; (from &lt;code&gt;бред&lt;/code&gt; — &lt;em&gt;delirium&lt;/em&gt;) means &lt;em&gt;silly twaddle, ravings&lt;/em&gt;, while in the second line it's about fisherman tackles: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;сеть&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;em&gt;net&lt;/em&gt;) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;бредень&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;em&gt;drag-net&lt;/em&gt;), which figurative can be used by authors of the letter to fight with that fraud.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6602" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-22T10:10:39.737" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14324" CreationDate="2017-04-22T15:20:47.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A fair warning, that poem slowly descends into nonsense genre toward end, so it is really hard to understand (did you tried to understand  &lt;em&gt;The Hunting of the Snark&lt;/em&gt;?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сети&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; It's сеть  (eng. net) in plural form. By the way other synonyms, like  network  shall be translated as сеть too,  but in this case author meant fisherman's net. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other word is homgraphic\homophonic pun. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) plural &lt;strong&gt;бредни&lt;/strong&gt;, singular &lt;strong&gt;бредня&lt;/strong&gt;  in meaning of &lt;em&gt;twaddle&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ravings&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;nonsense&lt;/em&gt;. By it's own source, that word is a pun that became a dictionary word, a natural portmanteau of  бред — &lt;em&gt;delirium&lt;/em&gt; and verbs &lt;em&gt;брести&lt;/em&gt; - wade, wander, &lt;em&gt;забрести&lt;/em&gt; -  to become disoriented.&#xA;2) &lt;strong&gt;бредни&lt;/strong&gt; as plural of бредень - &lt;em&gt;drag-net&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way it is a very complex, informal slang filled poem:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Дорогая передача! Во субботу, чуть не плача,&#xA;Вся Канатчикова дача к телевизору рвалась,&#xA;Вместо чтоб поесть, помыться у колодца и забыться,&#xA;Вся безумная больница у экрана собралась.&#xA;&#xA;Говорил, ломая руки, краснобай и баламут&#xA;Про бессилие науки перед тайною Бермуд,&#xA;Все мозги разбил на части, все извилины заплел,&#xA;И канатчиковы власти колят нам второй укол.&#xA;&#xA;Уважаемый редактор, может лучше про реактор, а?&#xA;Про любимый лунный трактор? Ведь нельзя же, год подряд&#xA;То тарелками пугают, дескать, подлые, летают,&#xA;То у вас собаки лают, то у вас руины говорят.&#xA;&#xA;Мы кое в чем поднаторели, мы тарелки бьем весь год&#xA;Мы на них уже собаку съели, если повар нам не врет,&#xA;А медикаментов груды мы в унитаз, кто не дурак,&#xA;Вот это жизнь, а вдруг Бермуды. Вот те раз. Нельзя же так!&#xA;&#xA;Мы не сделали скандала, нам вождя недоставало.&#xA;Настоящих буйных мало, вот и нету вожаков.&#xA;Но на происки и бредни сети есть у нас и бредни,&#xA;И не испортят нам обедни злые происки врагов.&#xA;&#xA;Это их худые черти бермутят воду во пруду,&#xA;Это все придумал Черчиль в восемнадцатом году.&#xA;Мы про взрывы, про пожары сочиняли ноту ТАСС,&#xA;Тут примчались санитары и зафиксировали нас.&#xA;&#xA;Тех, кто был особо боек, прикрутили к спинкам коек.&#xA;Бился в пене параноик, как ведьмак на шабаше:&#xA;&quot;Развяжите полотенцы, иноверы, изуверцы.&#xA;Нам бермуторно на сердце и бермутно на душе&quot;.&#xA;&#xA;Сорок душ посменно воют, раскалились добела.&#xA;Вот как сильно беспокоят треугольные дела,&#xA;Все почти с ума свихнулись, даже кто безумен был,&#xA;И тогда главврач Маргулис телевизор запретил.&#xA;&#xA;Вон он, змей, в окне маячит, за спиною штепсель прячет&#xA;Подал знак кому-то, значит: &quot;Фельдшер, вырви провода&quot;.&#xA;И нам осталось уколоться и упасть на дно колодца,&#xA;И там пропасть на дне колодца, как в Бермудах - навсегда.&#xA;&#xA;Ну а завтра спросят дети, навещая нас с утра:&#xA;&quot;Папы, что сказали эти кандидаты в доктора?&quot;&#xA;Мы ответим нашим чадам правду - им не все равно,&#xA;Удивительное рядом, но оно - запрещено.&#xA;&#xA;А вон дантист-надомник, Рудик,у него приемник &quot;Грюндиг&quot;&#xA;Он его ночами крутит, ловит, контра, ФРГ&#xA;Он там был купцом по шмуткам и подвинулся рассудком,&#xA;А к нам попал в волненьи жутком и с растревоженным&#xA;Желудком, и с номерочком на ноге.&#xA;&#xA;Он прибежал взволнован крайне и сообщеньем нас потряс,&#xA;Будто наш уже научный лайнер в треугольнике погряз.&#xA;Сгинул, топливо истратив, весь распался на куски,&#xA;Но двух безумных наших братьев подобрали рыбаки.&#xA;&#xA;Те, кто выжил в катаклизме, пребывают в пессимизме,&#xA;Их вчера в стеклянной призме к нам в больницу привезли.&#xA;И один из них, механик, рассказал, сбежав от нянек,&#xA;Что бермудский многогранник - незакрытый пуп земли.&#xA;&#xA;Что там было, как ты спасся? Каждый лез и приставал,&#xA;Но механик только трясся и чинарики стрелял.&#xA;Он то плакал, то смеялся, то щетинился как еж,&#xA;Он над нами издевался. Ну сумасшедший, что возьмешь?&#xA;&#xA;Взвился бывший алкоголик, матерщинник и крамольник,&#xA;Говорит: &quot;Надо выпить треугольник. На троих его, даешь!&quot;&#xA;Разошелся - так и сыплет: &quot;Треугольник будет выпит.&#xA;Будь он параллелепипед, будь он круг, едрена вошь!&quot;&#xA;&#xA;Пусть безумная идея - не решайте сгоряча,&#xA;Отвечайте нам скорее через доку главврача.&#xA;С уваженьем, дата, подпись. Отвечайте нам, а то,&#xA;Если вы не отзоветесь мы напишем в &quot;Спортлото&quot;.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A rare sound record  of it sung by author: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nmy0HGq0iSY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nmy0HGq0iSY&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About verse you was looking at:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мы не сделали скандала, нам вождя недоставало.&#xA;Настоящих буйных мало, вот и нету вожаков.&#xA;Но на происки и бредни сети есть у нас и бредни,&#xA;И не испортят нам обедни злые происки врагов.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мы не сделали скандала&lt;/strong&gt; - literally, &lt;em&gt;we didn't created a scandal&lt;/em&gt;.  It's an idiom suggesting &lt;em&gt;&quot;We didn't produced anything sensational&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. нам вождя недоставало - we lacked a leader (chief). Настоящих буйных мало, вот и нету вожаков -  a compound elliptic phrase, &lt;em&gt;real mad people are rare, thus no leader(alpha) (present)&lt;/em&gt; First line uses &lt;em&gt;вождь&lt;/em&gt; (political leader, chief), second line uses &lt;em&gt;вожак&lt;/em&gt; which may be attributed to &lt;em&gt;leader of the pack&lt;/em&gt;, e.g. alpha wolf, but also can be used  in meaning of &lt;em&gt;leader&lt;/em&gt;. Kind of rebellious suggestion that one should be truly mad to be a leader :P&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next verse: &lt;strong&gt;бермутят&lt;/strong&gt; - portmanteau of &lt;em&gt;Bermuda&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;мутить&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;to roil&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later in text you'll find: &lt;strong&gt;иноверы, изуверцы&lt;/strong&gt;. That's not dictionary words, it's a pun, based on mangling words together, creating two portmanteau words. Original words are изуверы (pl. of &lt;em&gt;изувер&lt;/em&gt; - extremely cruel person, old meaning - religious fanatic) and иноверцы (pl. of &lt;em&gt;иноверец&lt;/em&gt; - people of different religion, infidels).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of most obscure jokes here is that they have lead doctor by last name &lt;strong&gt;Марголис&lt;/strong&gt;. At same time patients supposedly are overreacting (hence this &quot;letter&quot; is written) to the documentary series directed and presented by &lt;em&gt;Марголис, Александр Давидович&lt;/em&gt;, who was kind of celebrity in USSR. Title of series &lt;strong&gt;Очевидное невероятное&lt;/strong&gt; (Obviously impossible) became a common term to describe some discussions related to paranormal mysteries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;и с номерочком на ноге&lt;/strong&gt; - with a tag on foot. Curiously, tags  attached to foot only after triage  in field hospital (marking hopeless patients) or to already dead patient, e.g. in morgue.&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Канатчикова дача&lt;/strong&gt; - unofficial name of psychiatric asylum №1 in Moscow&#xA;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Спортлото&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - totalizator that had TV representation in USSR. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8859" LastEditorUserId="8859" LastEditDate="2017-04-23T08:43:25.180" LastActivityDate="2017-04-23T08:43:25.180" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14324" CreationDate="2017-04-23T00:55:13.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я хочу добавить, что тут отсылка к выражению &quot;прочесывать/проходить/ловить частым/широким/мелким бреднем&quot;. Примеры:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Наловили мелким бреднем. Призыв в армию Таджикистана перевыполнен&lt;/code&gt;  - заголовок статьи об успешном призыве в армию Таджикистана&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мелким бреднем по «мелким» взяточникам&lt;/code&gt; - заголовок статьи об арестах мелких взяточников.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Широким бреднем. Назарбаев предложил создать &quot;Мировую сеть по борьбе с терроризмом&quot;&lt;/code&gt; - заголовок статьи об инициативе Нурсултана Назарбаева по борьбе с терроризмом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ловля лохов частым бреднем.&lt;/code&gt; - заголовок статьи в блоге о сомнительной страховой компании.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бредень в русском языке - метафорический инструмент, которым кого-то ловят (в приведённых примерах - лохов, призывников, террористов, взяточников).  Рыболовные сети - другой метафорический инструмент для примерно того же: есть выражения вроде &quot;попасться в чьи-то сети&quot;, &quot;широко раскинуть сети&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2017-04-23T01:23:59.297" LastActivityDate="2017-04-23T01:23:59.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14324" CreationDate="2017-04-24T12:40:51.957" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Soviet times, foreign organization names would likely be translated into Russian and then abbreviated by their Russian name. For example, &lt;code&gt;International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)&lt;/code&gt; is still &lt;code&gt;МАГАТЭ&lt;/code&gt; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So even if SETI is to be referenced in this song, it would probably be &lt;code&gt;Поиск Внеземного Разума&lt;/code&gt; and not &lt;code&gt;СЕТИ&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2017-04-24T12:40:51.957" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14321" CreationDate="2017-04-25T11:01:50.630" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;more teeth&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;less teeth&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in Russian is like in English &quot;&lt;em&gt;number &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; teeth&lt;/em&gt;&quot; using &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt;. Like if in English you would say &quot;&lt;em&gt;more of teeth&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&#xA;And word &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; indicates that the next word is in genitive case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8888" LastActivityDate="2017-04-25T11:01:50.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14333" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-25T11:45:51.780" Score="9" ViewCount="631" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference between болен and заболел or they are just synonyms? The context is &quot;I am sick&quot;. (Я болен vs. Я заболел)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-04T12:14:15.257" LastActivityDate="2017-08-07T08:44:06.043" Title="Is there a difference between &quot;болен&quot; and &quot;заболел&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14333" CreationDate="2017-04-25T11:51:37.750" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Grammatically, &quot;болен&quot; — is imperfect form (like &quot;I'm ill&quot;) while &quot;заболел&quot; is perfect (like &quot;I've caught cold&quot;). Also &quot;болен&quot; is used in more serious or chronical cases, so if you want to tell your team that you want a sick-day, better choice would be &quot;заболел&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2017-04-25T11:51:37.750" CommentCount="19" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14335" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-25T11:57:01.250" Score="7" ViewCount="1060" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English we have to use a capital letter in the following cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Beginning of sentence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Names (people or places)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pronoun first-person singular (I)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the rules for capital letters in Russian language comparing to these three rules in English? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-04-25T19:40:14.000" LastActivityDate="2017-04-25T19:40:14.000" Title="When is it necessary to use a capital letter in the beginning of the sentence?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14335" CreationDate="2017-04-25T12:04:02.660" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, capital letter is required in the beginning of a sentence and in names (people, places, books, etc.). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a tricky case with singular &quot;вы&quot;, which can be capitalized to show respect (note that plural &quot;вы&quot; is capitalized only in the beginning of a sentence). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also with multi-word names (e.g. name of a book), only first letter is capitalized, not first letter of each word as in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another difference with English will be that not everything that considered to be a name in English is considered to be a name in Russian. For example, names of languages and nations and  are &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; capitalized in Russian. I think it might have to do something with most of those being adjectives in Russian (though it's just an opinion).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastEditorUserId="1836" LastEditDate="2017-04-25T12:11:42.837" LastActivityDate="2017-04-25T12:11:42.837" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14335" CreationDate="2017-04-25T14:15:06.383" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Personal pronoun &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is never capitalised (unless positioned at the beginning of a sentence): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я изучаю китайский язык, и чем больше я его изучаю, тем больше у меня вопросов.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Names of countries are capitalised, but not names of nations and/or languages (it used to be so a couple of centuries ago, but not nowadays). Forms of address and titles are not capitalised, either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Из всех языков, пани и панство, мадам, мадмуазели, месье, леди, джентльмены, дамы, господа и товарищи, мне наименее симпатичны английский и русский, а из всех известных мне людей наименее вежливы в обиходе - носители советского русского.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Days of weeks and months are not capitalised:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сегодня - вторник, двадцать пятое апреля.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Abstract nouns (mainly those capitalised in modern English to imitate archaic style and/or to express 'philosophical uniqueness' of the concept they are referring to, or those normally capitalised in 'capitalisation boom' of the 17th-18th centuries following &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hart_%28spelling_reformer%29&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hart&lt;/a&gt;'s recommendation are not capitalised, either):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Относительная истина не противоречит абсолютной истине.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for words for G-d, deities and religious holidays / events, their capitalisation is guarded either by the rules applied for personal names or by a writer's personal beliefs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-04-25T14:15:06.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14333" CreationDate="2017-04-25T14:26:48.490" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Grammatically, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;болен&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a noun on a bordeline between a Participle and an Adjective (from &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;больной / болеть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and in this sense it is close to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAVerbalNoun.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;verbal nouns&lt;/a&gt; in English) and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;заболел&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a perfective verb (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;заболеть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is personal attitude / modality, as Alissa has already pointed out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other difference is that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;болен&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (as most of other shortened adjectives) are used for closing a topic, whereas &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;заболел&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; suggests further communication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-04-25T20:05:08.320" LastActivityDate="2017-04-25T20:05:08.320" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14340" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-26T01:44:37.810" Score="5" ViewCount="527" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have friend (girl) and she's too jealous. I just want to mention her in Russian language that I have another friends  (girls) and she cannot avoid me to be with them, especially when she's not my girlfriend and we're (and we were) not couple. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if I tell her &quot;у меня есть ещё подруги&quot; then she'll not understand, because подруги can be males or females while I want to tell her that I have another friends - girls and she has to accept it as they should do the same. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I tell her &quot;у меня есть ещё девушки&quot; she'll understand that I mean to female friends and not girlfriends? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-04-26T08:56:55.353" LastActivityDate="2017-04-26T23:25:46.737" Title="How to refer to female friends in plural form?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14340" CreationDate="2017-04-26T04:42:16.450" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Друзья are &quot;friends&quot;, either male or female or both. The sentence is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня есть ещё друзья.(I have got other friends of both gender).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подруги are female friends.The word doesn't necessarily mean they are all your girls. They can be just friends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &quot;девушка&quot; or &quot;моя девушка&quot; shows that the girl is special. She is your girlfriend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-04-26T04:42:16.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14333" CreationDate="2017-04-26T07:07:35.523" Score="12" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In most cases they are synonyms. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я болен means I am &lt;strong&gt;sick at the&#xA;moment&lt;/strong&gt;. (&lt;em&gt;I am sick&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я заболел means I &lt;strong&gt;wasn't sick before&lt;/strong&gt;,&#xA;but now I am (&lt;em&gt;I got sick&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The context: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-You don't look well. How are you?&#xA;  -Я болен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Why didn't you come to the party? Everybody was waiting for you!&#xA;  -Я заболел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8893" LastActivityDate="2017-04-26T07:07:35.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14340" CreationDate="2017-04-26T07:24:08.630" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня есть еще друзья&lt;/em&gt; - I have other friends (girls and/or boys)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня есть еще друзья-девушки&lt;/em&gt; - I have other female friends&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня есть еще подруги&lt;/em&gt; - I have other female friends (&lt;strong&gt;Beware!&lt;/strong&gt; This may sound like they are all your girlfriends)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня есть еще девушки&lt;/em&gt; - I have other girlfriends (You are in relationship with several girls)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8893" LastActivityDate="2017-04-26T07:24:08.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14344" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-26T08:12:45.297" Score="13" ViewCount="2026" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was being adopted from an orphanage my mom claims that on several occasions, when calling for my little brother I called him by a nickname. I don't know how to spell the word or what it means I just know how to say it. I would call him something along the lines of Sideosha. That's the only way I can think to spell it as that is how it's pronounced. Any help would be greatly appreciated as it's been driving me nuts for years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8896" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-04-26T08:54:57.640" LastActivityDate="2017-04-26T12:20:23.320" Title="What is the Russian name closest to &quot;Sideosha&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14344" CreationDate="2017-04-26T08:17:55.480" Score="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most probably, the name is Seryozha (Серёжа), which is the diminutive of Sergey (Сергей).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastActivityDate="2017-04-26T08:17:55.480" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14344" CreationDate="2017-04-26T12:20:23.320" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another (admittedly less likely) possibility would be that the name is a diminutive form of &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Сидор&lt;/a&gt;. While I'm not aware of a standardized diminutive form for that name, kids make up the darndest things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6986" LastActivityDate="2017-04-26T12:20:23.320" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14316" CreationDate="2017-04-26T16:00:24.123" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;no different. Example: &quot;Она посмеялась&quot; = &quot;Она засмеялась&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8518" LastActivityDate="2017-04-26T16:00:24.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14348" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-26T22:16:08.427" Score="5" ViewCount="345" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, I like to say &quot;as in&quot; a lot. It sounds a little less formal than &quot;For instance&quot; and less pretentious, and means something slightly different than &quot;e.g.&quot; What is the general approximation of &quot;as in&quot; in Russian? This is the type of thing automated translators mangle horribly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example would be &quot;I would like a job. As in actual employment, not a gig&quot; or in &quot;You are talking about Bologna? As in the city, or the delicious meat snack?&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bonus sub-question: what category of phrases would &quot;as in&quot; fall under so I can research further such idioms in Russian. I am tempted to search for &quot;rhetorical phrases&quot; or something similar, but that hasn't gotten me quite what I'm looking for. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4828" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-04-27T12:08:25.683" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T07:25:04.317" Title="What is the Russian equivalent of the phrase &quot;as in&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14348" CreationDate="2017-04-26T23:07:38.110" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In colloquial I would say &quot;(ну) типа&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;You are talking about Bologna? As in the city, or the delicious meat snack?&quot;&#xA;&quot;Ты говоришь о Болонье? Типа, о городе или о вкусной мясной еде?&quot;&#xA;&#xA;A: Do you like chocolate?&#xA;B: Like...as in?&#xA;A: As in love.&#xA;B: Yeah, sure, I love chocolate!&#xA;&#xA;A: Тебе нравится шоколад?&#xA;B: Нравится...типа как?&#xA;A: Типа любишь.&#xA;B: Да, конечно, я люблю шоколад!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8888" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-04-27T12:08:41.140" LastActivityDate="2017-04-27T12:08:41.140" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14340" CreationDate="2017-04-26T23:25:46.737" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tell her&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;У меня много друзей. Среди них есть девушки. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;meaning&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I have many friends. There are females among them.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pretty neutral sentence. She will not react dramatically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8888" LastActivityDate="2017-04-26T23:25:46.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14348" CreationDate="2017-04-27T06:14:17.010" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;То есть.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Хочу найти работу. То есть настоящую работу, не халтурку какую-нибудь.&#xA;&#xA;Ты сказал &quot;Болонья&quot;? То есть город или мясное блюдо?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is pronounced as one word with the stress on &quot;то&quot; and is often abbreviated to &quot;т.е.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would class it as a conjunction (союз).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-04-28T11:14:40.587" LastActivityDate="2017-04-28T11:14:40.587" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14348" CreationDate="2017-04-27T06:57:05.040" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should see the topic &quot;союзы&quot;. I can suggest several suitable variants, from neutral to colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хочу найти работу. &lt;strong&gt;Как то/То есть/а именно/в смысле&lt;/strong&gt; настоящую работу, не подработку на время.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Как то, то есть, a именно,в смысле&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;Synonyms (also can be used):&#xA;   другими словами, иными словами, иначе говоря.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-04-27T06:57:05.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14353" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-27T14:48:06.697" Score="4" ViewCount="373" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can Russian preposition &quot;на&quot; be used with any other country name besides Ukraine (&quot;Украина&quot;)? Or is it like only in case with Ukraine it is correct to say &quot;на&quot; instead of &quot;в&quot; (that is &quot;на Украине&quot; instead of &quot;в Украине&quot;)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2017-04-28T07:03:49.810" Title="Can Russian preposition &quot;на&quot; be used with any other country name besides Ukraine (&quot;Украина&quot;)?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14353" CreationDate="2017-04-27T14:55:49.583" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The other ones that I know of the top of my head are Cuba and Taiwan. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both of those are islands, so there could be a relationship there, since &quot;на&quot; can mean &quot;on&quot; such expressions might be implied to mean &quot;on (island of) Cuba&quot; but that's a speculation on my part&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8905" LastEditorUserId="8905" LastEditDate="2017-04-27T15:00:34.813" LastActivityDate="2017-04-27T15:00:34.813" CommentCount="17" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14353" CreationDate="2017-04-27T18:49:16.263" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;На Руси.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a legal preposition for locations, but rarely used for countries, rather for some toponyms, e.g. на Волге, because it's also на реке - at river. Cuba and Taiwan are islands and  &quot;on&quot; island is to be на острове. Ukraine  only seems to be a rare case, but it isn't.. due the old meaning of country's name. It was derived from term  оукраина, that existed in medieval times. Basically it is something close to a fief. In Imperial time name of Ukraine was &lt;code&gt;Малороссия&lt;/code&gt;, but it was generally called &lt;code&gt;украина&lt;/code&gt; without specified name (a common term at that time, e.g. Ростовская украина), which slowly took over as a name of  province and was capitalized. By the way, the theory that name means окраина (province,  border, distant area) is considered methodologically incorrect. Regardless, both locations would require preposition на.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8859" LastEditorUserId="8859" LastEditDate="2017-04-28T07:03:49.810" LastActivityDate="2017-04-28T07:03:49.810" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14357" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14361" CreationDate="2017-04-27T22:47:23.583" Score="5" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is &quot;такое&quot; always neuter in the phrase &quot;Что такое...?&quot; (no matter what noun follows.) Also, what does the phrase mean? &quot;How is... like?&quot; Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6686" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2017-04-29T21:24:48.623" LastActivityDate="2017-04-29T21:29:37.353" Title="Why is &quot;такое&quot; always neuter in the phrase &quot;Что такое...?&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14358" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-28T00:12:17.470" Score="4" ViewCount="422" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to say &quot;I want to enjoy&quot; in a correct way? Is it correct to say &quot;Я хочу насладиться&quot;? I saw &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the table&lt;/a&gt; and I've confused. Which form should I choose from that table for &quot;to + verb&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TjRm3.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TjRm3.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T07:14:06.263" Title="How to say &quot;I want to enjoy&quot; in a correct way?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14358" CreationDate="2017-04-28T03:13:41.657" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;strong&gt;хотеть&lt;/strong&gt; requires either a subordinate clause or an infinitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я хочу, чтобы ты мне помог. &#xA;  Я хочу петь, танцевать, &lt;strong&gt;наслаждаться&lt;/strong&gt; жизнью. &#xA;  Иду на концерт, хочу &lt;strong&gt;насладиться&lt;/strong&gt; творчеством этого музыканта.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наслаждаться is an imperfective verb in the form of the infinitive, насладиться is a perfective verb..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-04-29T05:19:47.973" LastActivityDate="2017-04-29T05:19:47.973" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14357" CreationDate="2017-04-28T05:26:32.040" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also, what does the phrase mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If simply &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Что такое?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; then it means &quot;&lt;strong&gt;What happened?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; If &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Что такое X?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; then it stands for &quot;&lt;strong&gt;What is (the meaning, usage, appliance etc. of) X?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you may think the word &quot;такое&quot; isn't really an attribute of &quot;X&quot; but rather a vague counterpart of &quot;is&quot; (or more precisely it's like &quot;What &lt;em&gt;thing&lt;/em&gt; is X?&quot;). Remember that the Russians (almost) never say &quot;что есть X?&quot;, and saying just &quot;что Х?&quot; is very ambiguous (does it mean &quot;What do you mean by X?&quot;, or &quot;X doesn't matter&quot;, or &quot;What happened about X?&quot;, and so on). So the logic insists on having some additional word here, and this word must be as neutral (gender) as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering this from grammatical point of view, &quot;такое&quot; is a pronoun (not an adjective!) which must be put in the neuter gender, as we're talking about some inanimate object. The logic is quite clear: the question &quot;What is X?&quot; assumes the answer of a kind &quot;X is Y&quot;, and here &quot;такое&quot; is a pronoun used in place of that (yet) unknown &quot;Y&quot;. But which gender is &quot;Y&quot;? You may expect the animate nouns to keep gender the same in any &quot;X is Y&quot; sentence. But it's not the case with inanimate ones where the gender is a pure grammatical abstraction. So the neuter gender comes to help as usual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD. Okay, animate/inanimate dichotomy is perhaps somewhat misleading here. Although in Russian we do not normally use constructs such as &quot;What is he?&quot;, still there are cases when it's possible to put &quot;what&quot; along with animate nouns/notions/names etc. This could be something like &quot;What is a human being?&quot; type of &quot;abstract&quot; question, or even intentional derogatory form, and so on. Anyway, when you ask in Russian &quot;what&quot;-type of question, you expect the answer to be effectively genderless, and so the pronoun &quot;такой&quot; should be put into the neuter gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2017-04-29T21:27:32.600" LastActivityDate="2017-04-29T21:27:32.600" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14357" CreationDate="2017-04-28T09:24:13.773" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because &lt;code&gt;что&lt;/code&gt; effectively is neuter in gender. &lt;code&gt;Что произошло&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;что упало&lt;/code&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, &lt;code&gt;кто&lt;/code&gt; effectively is masculine in gender, e. g. &lt;code&gt;кто родил и жалеет, что не сделал аборт&lt;/code&gt;[1]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[1]: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/7266/which-form-of-past-tense-should-be-used-when-the-gender-of-the-speaker-is-unknow/7267#7267&quot;&gt;Which form of past tense should be used when the gender of the speaker is unknown?&lt;/a&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2017-04-29T21:29:37.353" LastActivityDate="2017-04-29T21:29:37.353" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14358" CreationDate="2017-04-28T15:50:15.423" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you want to enjoy intangible things like weather, vacation, spring (the season), then a better form is: &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я хочу радоваться&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; солнцу / отпуску / весне...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you want to enjoy an object, such as, a book, a song, a video game, a movie. When you watch a movie in the evening, or read a book over a weekend. You may use: &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я хочу насладиться&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; книгой / фильмом / музыкой...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you want to enjoy something over and over again. For example, you want to enjoy music every day of your life, or you want to tell your loved one that you want to enjoy every day of your future life together. Then you may use: &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я хочу наслаждаться&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; музыкой.&amp;quot; Or &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я хочу наслаждаться&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; каждым днём моей жизни с тобой.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you want enjoyment for the sake of enjoyment, then you may say: &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я хочу наслаждений.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first three cases one uses an infinitive verb form after &amp;quot;хочу&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-04-28T20:25:34.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14364" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-29T14:50:06.037" Score="-1" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YdNLN.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YdNLN.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure who he is does anyone know? Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8915" LastActivityDate="2017-04-29T19:09:24.043" Title="Does anyone know the name of the Russian person here?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ClosedDate="2017-05-02T08:01:05.703" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14364" CreationDate="2017-04-29T15:21:05.893" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The robbers' characters from the cartoon &quot;По следам бременских музыкантов&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Trail_of_the_Bremen_Town_Musicians&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;On the Trail of the Bremen Town Musicians&lt;/a&gt;) are, in their turn, the replicas of the physical appearance of the three criminals from the 60's comedy &quot;Кавказская пленница&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidnapping,_Caucasian_Styl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kidnapping Caucasian Style&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81,_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The prototype movie characters&lt;/a&gt; (in Russian) represented at the cartoon cadre are known as (from seer's left to right) Trus (The Coward), Byvalyi (The Pro) and Balbes (The Fool) respectively. Since 60s, they are present in many Russian humorous folk stories.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Fool's character is played by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Nikulin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yury Nikoolin&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Trivia: in the cartoon, when the robbers sing 'We Don't Want To Live It Another Way', The Coward starts stuttering on syllables 'yu - ra', which is a conversational form of the name Yury.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-04-29T19:09:24.043" LastActivityDate="2017-04-29T19:09:24.043" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14366" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-29T23:46:15.927" Score="6" ViewCount="429" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that &quot;это звучит ужасно' means &quot;that sounds terrible&quot; but how do you say: &quot;You sound German/Russian/American&quot; et cetera in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8917" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T19:29:21.560" Title="How do you say: &quot;You sound German&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14366" CreationDate="2017-04-30T00:24:35.097" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;People don't generally &quot;sound&quot; in Russian; using &lt;strong&gt;звучать&lt;/strong&gt; here would suggest an absurd notion that the speaker themself is a sound. &lt;strong&gt;Ты говоришь как немец&lt;/strong&gt; (male) / &lt;strong&gt;немка&lt;/strong&gt; (female) is one way to say it, but it's ambiguous in that it can also be understood as &quot;you say the kinds of things a German would say&quot;. You can rephrase it more directly as &lt;strong&gt;У тебя немецкий акцент&lt;/strong&gt; (or &lt;strong&gt;немецкий выговор&lt;/strong&gt;), but that doesn't quite have the tentativeness of &quot;You sound German&quot;. What I would probably say in this situation is something like: &lt;strong&gt;А ты немец/немка? На слух похоже.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That may look like a surprising amount of complications but it reflects a cultural difference, in that accents are less of a thing in Russia than they are in the English-speaking world. Most Russians can only very vaguely tell one accent from another, not only foreign, but regional ones as well—which are, in themselves, if not less prominent in Russian then at least something that's less common for people to listen for. Also, as &quot;accents&quot; are a subject that comes with a lot of stereotyping that's only considered offensive when it's invoked on a personal level, &quot;You sound X&quot; is a thing people are more likely to politely shy away from saying—hence the lack of a streamlined expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T00:24:35.097" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14368" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-04-30T14:49:42.640" Score="9" ViewCount="4185" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the idiom for &quot;enjoy it!&quot; in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Contexts for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;I'm going to travel with my friends.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;I'm traveling with my friends.&quot; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;We are in the camp now.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&quot;We are walking in the city center now.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've tried dictionaries and googling but it's not clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-09-25T22:39:21.620" LastActivityDate="2017-09-27T10:09:41.503" Title="What is the idiom for &quot;enjoy it!&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14368" CreationDate="2017-04-30T15:46:07.537" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Take the action they are about to enjoy and add &quot;отли́чного/прия́тного&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;I'm going to travel with my friends.&quot; - Enjoy! =&#xA;Я собира́юсь в путеше́ствие с друзья́ми - Отли́чного путеше́ствия!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;I'm traveling with my friends.&quot; - Enjoy! = &#xA;Я путеше́ствую с друзья́ми - Отли́чного/прия́тного путеше́ствия!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;We are in camp now.&quot; - Enjoy! = &#xA;Мы в ла́гере. - Прия́тного о́тдыха!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;We are walking in the city center now.&quot; - Enjoy! = &#xA;Мы гуля́ем по це́нтру го́рода. - Прия́тной прогу́лки!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This will test your ability to take a verb and form a noun. Not always trivial. Or sometimes the action is implied, e.g. what are they doing in the camp? - Having a rest, отдыха́ют.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way to say &quot;Enjoy your meal&quot; is &quot;Прия́тного аппети́та!&quot;. I miss being able to say that because it's not used as frequently in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Have a good time&quot; would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Отли́чно провести́ вре́мя!&quot; (neutral). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Оторви́сь там, оттопы́рься&quot; (slang). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Наслажда́йся / наслажда́йтесь&quot; is a &lt;em&gt;calque&lt;/em&gt; of the English &quot;Enjoy!&quot; and definitely &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; the idiomatic way to say it. Although some people do use it, usually in a sarcastic way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-09-27T10:09:41.503" LastActivityDate="2017-09-27T10:09:41.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14368" CreationDate="2017-04-30T18:03:01.073" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no generic way to &quot;enjoy&quot; something in Russian. The construction is action-dependent. Namely: is the enjoyable thing being eaten, smoked, worn, spent (as in time or money), etc? The closest I can give to a recipe is to take the action verb and modify it with some &quot;positive&quot; adverb such as приятно/полезно. Alternatively, you can take the construction suggested above (say, &quot;Отлично провести время!&quot;) and indicate where you wish this enjoyment to take place: за едой, на уроках, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7307" LastEditorUserId="7307" LastEditDate="2017-05-01T14:03:33.823" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T14:03:33.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14366" CreationDate="2017-04-30T19:29:21.560" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian a person can hardly sound like a national language speaker (but not like a person having any emotional state). So there are two different options: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you want to emphasise the non-living object of perception (e.g. the sound of speech), I suggest the same archaic participle forms ending in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-но&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как (будто) по-немецки сказано / сказал(а).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;like (as if) by-German-MODUS.ADV. said-PAST.P.-NEUT.SG. / said--0-MASC.SG.PAST (FEM.SG.PAST)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.2. The more simple structures would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.2.1 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как (будто) немцем сказано.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;like (as if) a German-MASC.SG.INSTR. said-NEUT.SG.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.2.2. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как (будто) немкой сказано.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;like (as if) a German-FEM.SG.INSTR. said-PAST.P.-NEUT.SG.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.2.4. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как (будто)  немец сказал.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;like (as if) a German-MASC.SG.INSTR. said-0-MASC.SG.PAST&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.2.5. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как (будто)  немка сказала.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;like (as if) a German-FEM.SG.INSTR. said-FEM.SG.PAST&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.3. With the verb, you can also add some &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.3.1. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ты это как будто немец (немка) сказал(а).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.3.2. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ты как будто немец (немка) это сказал(а).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Alternatively, if you want to emphasise the verb, you could use the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;звучать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это звучит как будто / словно (сказано) по-немецки.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это звучит&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; goes well with any structure from 1.2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;звучать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and an address a person present at the moment of conversation don't go well together because &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;звучать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; implies non-evidentiality, whilest &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is usually addressed to a visible person present at the moment of a communication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T19:29:21.560" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14373" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14400" CreationDate="2017-04-30T19:51:04.930" Score="16" ViewCount="1404" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suppose, for example, that a new verb &lt;code&gt;снапчатовать&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;to snapchat&quot;) was coined in Russian. Would Russian speakers agree on what the perfective form of this verb should be? Is that generally the case for all new verbs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4301" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T09:38:40.923" Title="Do Russian speakers consistently produce the same perfective form for a new verb?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14373" CreationDate="2017-04-30T20:34:28.047" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, judgung by the most answers and comments here, the Russian speakers hardly agree on &lt;em&gt;anything&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the Russian grammar, it is naturally polycentric (that is, the grammar comprises a number of variative norms and modalities, while many speakers and - alas! - even some language teachers believe it should be monocentric (just like a former empire), with a norm for something like a kind of modal RP (whatever this sort of an abomination might in a real life be).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of many modalities (I believe the imperfective form would be closer to already existing &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;чатиться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and look like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;снап-чатить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) the perfective forms are also various due to different prefixes encoding different event structures:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;поснапчатить / поснапчатовать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;заснапчатить / заснапчатовать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;расснапчатить / расснапчатовать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;обснапчатить / обспапчатовать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;оснапчатить / оснапчатовать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;наснапчатить / наснапчатовать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;доснапчатить / доснапчатовать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;выснапчатить / выснапчатовать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;соснапчатить / соснапчатовать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only regular perfective form is a (quasi)participle of a perfective kind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;снапчатено&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  / &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;снапчатовано&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(but such forms are mostly near-archaic and I doubt their productivity).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T20:34:28.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14368" CreationDate="2017-04-30T21:27:56.477" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Наслаждайся&lt;/strong&gt;, - (literal) the closest generic equivalent.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Получи удовольствие&lt;/strong&gt;, - (literal) not exact equivalent (verbose), but depends on the context&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Удовлетворись&lt;/strong&gt;, - (literal)sounds more sarcastic, but, depends on the context.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Подавись&lt;/strong&gt; - (not literal) angry. literally: Сhoke on it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8922" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-02T09:36:50.573" LastActivityDate="2017-05-02T09:36:50.573" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14373" CreationDate="2017-04-30T21:54:59.820" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;There would be no consensus for most new verbs yet for verbs with -овать four main models are possible:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Biaspectual verb (like &lt;em&gt;казнить&lt;/em&gt;): same forms used for both aspects;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Imperfective pair: &lt;em&gt;снапчатовать&lt;/em&gt; used as perfective verb, &lt;em&gt;снапчатовывать&lt;/em&gt; as imperfective;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ну&lt;/em&gt;-pair: &lt;em&gt;снапчатовать&lt;/em&gt; used as imperfective verb, &lt;em&gt;снапчатнуть&lt;/em&gt; as perfective (unlikely in this case I suppose though can't quickly explain why);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Perfective prefix: &lt;em&gt;снапчатовать&lt;/em&gt; used as imperfective verb, &lt;em&gt;поснапчатовать&lt;/em&gt; as perfective.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are, as mentioned above, other perfectivising prefixes, but the Vey-Schooneveld effect paradigm and similar teachings would predict &lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt; as the default, purely perfective one for most verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-05-01T10:31:50.540" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T10:31:50.540" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4089" CreationDate="2017-04-30T22:11:40.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can't find time for it, but there is an english equivalent phrase:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&quot;Can't get my hands on it&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8922" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T22:11:40.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4584" CreationDate="2017-04-30T22:27:24.750" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literally &quot;Pump up&quot;, but it's used as &quot;Upgrade&quot;, &quot;Increase&quot; or &quot;Improve&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8922" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T22:27:24.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7876" CreationDate="2017-04-30T22:32:21.787" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's like in english, you would say: &quot;is it?&quot;, &quot;isn't it?&quot;, or &quot;hasn't&quot;, etc.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;For example: You were shopping yesterday. Weren't you?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;In this case, &quot;Weren't you?&quot;, means &quot;Что ли?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8922" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T22:32:21.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12032" CreationDate="2017-04-30T23:08:03.963" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вы, - it's a consequence of french invasion to Russia. After Napoleon, many french words and sayings became common in Russia.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Before french invasion, in Russia, it used to be always Ты (just like an english You), even when you addressed the King or the God. Вы, was used only, when you addressed more, then one.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;In french, you use plural version, when you address somebody, who you want to show a respect and when you address more, then one person. They popularized it in Russia.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Now, there is actually a movement to get back to the source. Many people, especially recently, started to say Ты, even to whom they respect. I, personally, started doing the opposite - saying Вы to whom I don't respect. Often Вы, sounds cringy, then respectful in our times, especially, that it is a foreign construct, that Russians outlived and trying to get it out of their system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8922" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T23:08:03.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13527" CreationDate="2017-04-30T23:13:31.317" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's rather a well known english meaning by Russians, than the same meaning in Russian.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;I.e., most Russians know this englshism, but it came from english-speaking inet and it doesn't, necessarily has any meaning in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8922" LastActivityDate="2017-04-30T23:13:31.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1377" CreationDate="2017-05-01T01:17:23.420" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Акция - is an Angicism that is being misused everywhere. While Russian language has it's own words, stupid people keep using foreign substitutes.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;In your question's case, it means 'sale' - 'раcпродажа', or 'discount' - 'скидка'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8922" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-05-01T08:12:33.740" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T08:12:33.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4617" CreationDate="2017-05-01T01:24:13.647" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can be translated as come in. Literally, it means: come through. Come through is used, not &quot;when you visit an official person&quot;, as was stated in one of the posts, but it just means as you are passing through the doorway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8922" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T01:24:13.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8523" CreationDate="2017-05-01T01:27:48.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's just a misspelled word вообще. Usually, used, in similar cases, as English 'actually'. For example: 'Actually, I didn't mean it.', 'It's your turn, actually.', etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8922" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-05-01T08:10:46.633" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T08:10:46.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7765" CreationDate="2017-05-01T01:48:31.233" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Драже is not a Russian word. It's some foreign word (sounds like French), used by companies, making candies, that most people don't know the meaning of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8922" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-05-01T08:09:12.363" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T08:09:12.363" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7798" CreationDate="2017-05-01T02:09:08.323" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian idiom with means redundant is 'Масло масленное', literally in english: 'Buttery butter'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8922" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T02:09:08.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13230" CreationDate="2017-05-01T02:32:29.343" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;'со значительными утратами, до': 'with substantial damage, up to'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8922" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T02:32:29.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12035" CreationDate="2017-05-01T07:03:33.893" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not only for adults, it is used in gym class by gym teachers to school students. Also, it's a common phrase, that they say on the morning TV, when they show exercises program and 'становись' doesn't mean 'line up', because it is singular and can be said to one person. It means 'stand up' or 'get up', so &quot;На зарядку становись&quot; means &quot;Get up for the morning exercises&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8922" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T07:03:33.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14358" CreationDate="2017-05-01T07:14:06.263" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;I want to enjoy&quot; is something, that you want to do in the future, so you should use the word from the first column (future - будущее).&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&quot;Я хочу насладиться&quot; is correct, but rarely used and sounds cheesy. The common saying is: &quot;Я хочу получить удовольствие&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8922" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T07:14:06.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14333" CreationDate="2017-05-01T07:28:43.230" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Он болен&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;lt;= He is sick,&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Он заболел&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;lt;= He became sick&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8922" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T07:28:43.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14368" CreationDate="2017-05-01T13:36:25.827" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Oh, the problem of enjoyment in a language lacking verbs &lt;em&gt;to enjoy&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;to like&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;to need&lt;/em&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The equivalent depends on a context. If you want to be sarcastic, you just say &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Удачи!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in an appropriate tone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to wish something pleasant, you just use a structure like 'have a nice / enjoyable + smth!''. In other words, you have to specify what is 'it' you wish an addressee to enjoy. The structure is not so simple to a native English speaker, e. g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Приятных           уроков!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;nice-GEN.PL.MASC. lesson-GEN.PL.MASC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Приятной          зарплаты!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;good-GEN.SG.FEM. salary-GEN.SG.MASC.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Приятного               воскресенья!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;enjoyable-GEN.SG.NEUT.  Sunday-GEN.SG.NEUT.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With words referring to &lt;em&gt;it&lt;/em&gt; as a time unit or as an event, the adjective &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;приятный&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is interchangable with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;счастливый&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Счастливого              воскресения!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;enjoyable-GEN.SG.NEUT.   resurrection-GEN.SG.NEUT.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-05-01T13:36:25.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14373" CreationDate="2017-05-02T15:27:41.057" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Different Russian speakers may come up with different perfectives for the same verb (new or not) and there is a good chance that listeners will recognise the original verb and the perfectiveness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the abundance of ways to form a perfective that Russian offers, a new verb is likely to have more than one perfective. But the choice is not random and will often appeal to an existing verb with a similar meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an IT professional, I tend to use a lot of English loanwords. Some of them have expanded beyond the industry and even made their way into dictionaries. Let's take a look at a few examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Гу́глить&lt;/strong&gt; 'to google' – &lt;em&gt;perf&lt;/em&gt;. погу́глить, нагу́глить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Погу́глить (compare to поиска́ть, посмотре́ть): Погу́гли его имя! – Google his name!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нагу́глить (compare to найти́): Смотри́, что я нагу́глила! – Look what I’ve found (online)!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Фо́рвардить&lt;/strong&gt; 'to forward an email' – &lt;em&gt;perf&lt;/em&gt;. отфо́рвардить / форвардну́ть.&#xA;Compare отфо́рвардить to отпра́вить, отосла́ть ‘to send’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Форвардни́ мне его имейл! – Forward his email to me.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сейчас отфо́рваржу! – Forwarding now!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above two examples could easily have been a dialogue where one speaker uses one perfective form and the other replies with a different perfective form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кли́кать&lt;/strong&gt; 'to click' - &lt;em&gt;perf&lt;/em&gt;. кли́кнуть.&#xA;In this case there already was (and still is) a verb with exactly the same spelling (кли́кать) but a different meaning, 'to call'. So the new verb just assumed the existing verb's grammar, including the perfective, with the exception of present forms such as кли́чет in favour of кли́кает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Комми́тить&lt;/strong&gt; 'to commit source code' – &lt;em&gt;perf&lt;/em&gt;. закомми́тить / комми́тнуть:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Закомми́ть свои́ измене́ния в бранч! – Commit your changes to the branch!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Подожди́, сейча́с закомми́чу! – Hang on, committing now.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Апгре́йдить&lt;/strong&gt; 'to upgrade computer hardware' – &lt;em&gt;perf&lt;/em&gt;. проапгре́йдить, заапгре́йдить, апгре́йдить: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Комп ка́ждый день пла́чет: «Апгре́йдь меня!» – My computer is begging for an upgrade.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Here the verb is perceived as bi-aspectual with апгре́йдить being used as both perfective and imperfective.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Кому́-то пора́ проапгре́йдить мозги́! – Someone’s brains need an upgrade!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The prefix про- appeals to such verbs as прочи́стить, промы́ть ‘to clean, wash thoroughly’.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мой друг заапгре́йдил Де́вушку 1.0 до Жены́ 1.0. – My friend has upgraded his Girlfriend 1.0 to Wife 1.0 (google it, it's fun).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum up, here are the most common ways of forming a perfective:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Treat the verb as bi-aspectual. This is very common in verbs ending in -и́ровать, -ова́ть: легализи́ровать, легализова́ть, ликвиди́ровать, рационализи́ровать but can also be found in more traditional verbs: казни́ть, жени́ть. Your &lt;strong&gt;снапчатова́ть&lt;/strong&gt; could easily fall into this category.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Add the suffix -ну: кли́кнуть, комми́тнуть, пеленгова́ть – пеленгану́ть, &lt;strong&gt;снапчатова́ть – снапчатану́ть&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Add a prefix.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here is where the fun begins. How do we know what prefix to add? There is a good dozen of them in Russian and they tend to modify the original verb’s meaning. Take писа́ть ‘to write’ as an example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;написа́ть ‘to write’ (as in to write a book, a poem, a song…) i.e. it’s about creativity.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;записа́ть ‘to write down’, ‘to record’ i.e. it’s about copying from one medium to another.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вписа́ть ‘to fill in’ e.g. впиши́те своё и́мя ‘fill in your name’&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;подписа́ть ‘to sign’, ‘to underwrite’&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;списа́ть ‘to copy’ (another student’s work)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;дописа́ть ‘to finish writing’ &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;etc (omitted for brevity)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, which of the above should we consider the perfective of писа́ть? Linguists came up with a test whereby they ask Russian speakers to use a given verb in a context of mandatory imperfectivization (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dialog-21.ru/en/digest/2001/articles/zaliznyak/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ситуа́ция обяза́тельной имперфектива́ции&lt;/a&gt;). One such context is «не (де́лай)» or «не на́до (де́лать)». To make the test more natural, a respondent might be asked to talk the experimenter out of something. E.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Experimenter: Я хочу́ &lt;em&gt;записа́ть&lt;/em&gt; э́тот реце́пт. – I want to write down this recipe.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Respondent: Не на́до &lt;em&gt;запи́сывать&lt;/em&gt;, он у меня́ есть. – No need to write it down, I already have it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having done this for multiple prefixes, we might get answers such as these:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;записа́ть ви́део =&gt; не на́до запи́сывать ви́део (not *не на́до записа́ть ви́део)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вписа́ть =&gt; не на́до впи́сывать (not *не на́до вписа́ть)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;подписа́ть =&gt; не на́до подпи́сывать (not *не на́до подписа́ть)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;списа́ть =&gt; не на́до спи́сывать (not *не на́до списа́ть)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;дописа́ть =&gt; не на́до допи́сывать (not *не на́до дописа́ть)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;написа́ть кни́гу =&gt; не на́до писа́ть кни́гу (not *не на́до написа́ть кни́гу and not *не на́до напи́сывать кни́гу)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As we can see, only написа́ть has писа́ть as its imperfective counterpart.&#xA;It’s a good test but the downside is whether two verbs form an aspectual pair becomes a matter of opinion. Especially for newly coined verbs, opinions may differ (проапгрейдить / заапгрейдить).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is another interesting example of a difference of opinion. The English Wiktionary &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;says&lt;/a&gt; the perfective for гу́глить is погу́глить, while the Russian Wiktionary &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;says&lt;/a&gt; it has no perfective («Соответствующего глагола совершенного вида нет»). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This answer barely scratches the surface of Russian aspectology. Aspect in Russian is intertwined with semantics and semantics is nearly as deep as the language itself. For the curious and the brave-hearted, I recommend this article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dialog-21.ru/en/digest/2001/articles/zaliznyak/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;A.A. Zaliznyak, A.D. Shmelyov. Types of aspectual connections.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-05-04T09:38:40.923" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T09:38:40.923" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14403" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14405" CreationDate="2017-05-03T01:39:33.737" Score="-1" ViewCount="780" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm learning a song/piano piece (by the now departed English comedy duo &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flanders_and_Swann&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Flanders &amp;amp; Swann&lt;/a&gt;) known simply as The Hippopotamus Song.  A good example recording of this song is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjnOj9O16_I&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;; if you listen through it you'll notice that the second chorus is supposedly sung in Russian. The pianists mother was a Russian emigree and his uncle a famous Russian musicologist &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Swan&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Swan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not familiar with Russian, but am interested in learning about the particular usage of it in this song.  As I was aware that the Russian chorus wasn't quite a literal translation of the English one, I was curious to find out what it literally meant so I could enjoy any extra jokes that had been thrown in.  I did a fairly thorough internet search for an actual transcription of the Russian chorus, but was unable to find anything more than a phonetic transcription which I would have been capable of doing myself.  I had equally little success with Google Translate (aside from the word &amp;quot;mud&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, my request is that (assuming it's in genuine Russian) someone provide a direct transcription, a word-for-word translation to English, and a non-English-accent phonetic transliteration.  If it's not genuine, please let me know and I can just do my best to copy the recording.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8939" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-10-18T18:10:19.910" LastActivityDate="2020-10-18T18:10:19.910" Title="Hippopotamus Song (Flanders &amp; Swann) - Russian Chorus Translation" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-05-03T08:11:22.533" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14404" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14403" CreationDate="2017-05-03T02:27:16.007" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It all sounded gibberish, except for one phrase, that I've caught &quot;лучшее средство&quot; - &quot;best remedy&quot; or &quot;best cure&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8922" LastActivityDate="2017-05-03T02:27:16.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14403" CreationDate="2017-05-03T07:28:00.870" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Грязь, грязь, чудная грязь,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;лучшее средство как кожная мазь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так возьми свою даму&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и поведи её в яму,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и там мы окунемся в чудную грязь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fairly close to the English chorus earlier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;['grʲæsʲ 'grʲæsʲ 'tɕudnəjə 'grʲæsʲ] // mud mud wonderful mud&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The singer isn't de-voicing that final /zʲ/ enough. Maybe not the first time when the two words are repeated back to back and a voiced consonant follows, but for the rest, it should just become [sʲ], no middle ground there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;['lutʂəjə 'srʲetstvə kɐk 'koʐnəjə 'masʲ] // best remedy as skin ointment&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The grammar's a bit awkward here, but could just be strained to fit the metre. The &amp;quot;tch&amp;quot; cluster in the middle of the first word is a bit too soft, but it could be how some Russians actually said it half a century ago (but then again your audience might not know that, and it will come across as foreign). That final /zʲ/ isn't de-voiced enough, again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[tək vɐzʲ'mʲi svɐ'ju 'damu] // so take your lady&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[i pəvʲɪ'dʲi jɪ'jo 'vjamu] // and take/lead her to pit/hollow&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[i 'tam mɨ ɐ'kunʲəmsʲə 'ftɕudnuju 'grʲæsʲ] // and there we will_dip into wonderful mud&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The very non-dental [t] at the beginning is probably the most foreign sound in this otherwise fairly good rendition. Make that [t] as &amp;quot;French&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Spanish&amp;quot; as you can instead. A weird stress pattern in &lt;strong&gt;окунемся&lt;/strong&gt; (ought to be &lt;strong&gt;окунёмся&lt;/strong&gt;); archaic? plain incorrect? greater poetic licence than what would fly these days?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-05-03T07:52:25.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="5653" CreationDate="2017-05-03T08:59:16.647" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;короче&lt;/code&gt; может также использоваться для &lt;code&gt;быкования&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, pressuring you to accept something at the threat of &quot;or else&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Works best when combined with past tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Короче, собрал вещи и вышел отсюда&lt;/code&gt; would mean &quot;pick up your belongings and leave &lt;em&gt;now&lt;/em&gt;, end of discussion&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2017-05-03T08:59:16.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14333" CreationDate="2017-05-03T15:57:13.677" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's an important difference in meaning. &lt;strong&gt;Болен&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;больной&lt;/strong&gt; can be used to say &amp;quot;mad&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;nuts&amp;quot; while &lt;strong&gt;заболел&lt;/strong&gt; is never used for this purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ты болен?!&lt;/em&gt; — Are you mad?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Больной придурок!&lt;/em&gt; — Sick bastard!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ты заболел?!&lt;/em&gt; — Have you become ill?! (e.g. caught a cold, flu etc., I'm worried about your health)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;[Этот] придурок заболел!&lt;/em&gt; — This idiot became ill. (e.g. caught a cold, flu etc. and now we have problems because of his absence)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-08-07T08:44:06.043" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14408" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14409" CreationDate="2017-05-03T22:39:50.633" Score="5" ViewCount="184" Body="&lt;p&gt;..., стать &lt;strong&gt;соблюдателем&lt;/strong&gt; существующего порядка и охранником международных правил, или стать ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or something better to say this in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2099" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-04T12:13:57.103" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T12:13:57.103" Title="Is &quot;соблюдатель&quot; a valid word?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14408" CreationDate="2017-05-04T00:23:30.963" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no such word &quot;соблюдатель&quot;. You may say &quot;стать блюстителем существующего порядка и охранником международных правил&quot; if you mean one who makes others obey the order (&quot;блюститель порядка&quot; is sometimes used as a synonym for &quot;policeman&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8946" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T00:23:30.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14408" CreationDate="2017-05-04T06:04:30.230" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could also consider using one of the following options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;стать сторонником&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;стать (рьяным) приверженцем&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;стать поборником&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;стать адептом&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-05-04T06:12:42.833" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T06:12:42.833" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14411" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8523" CreationDate="2017-05-04T06:30:37.283" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, generally speaking&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8617" LastActivityDate="2017-05-04T06:30:37.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14412" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14413" CreationDate="2017-05-05T11:16:38.320" Score="4" ViewCount="522" Body="&lt;p&gt;This title is from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.environmentmagazine.org/Archives/Back%20Issues/May%202007/Rock-abstract.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Environment Magazine&lt;/a&gt;, my version is &lt;code&gt;сначала расти, очистить позже&lt;/code&gt;, but that doesn't feel good. Is there a fixed expression in Russian for that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2099" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-05-05T11:55:48.710" LastActivityDate="2017-05-10T14:43:20.947" Title="How to translate into Russian &quot;Grow First, Clean Up Later?&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14412" CreationDate="2017-05-05T11:46:29.380" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Первым делом - рост, чистота потом&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastActivityDate="2017-05-05T11:46:29.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14412" CreationDate="2017-05-05T11:48:07.297" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, even for phrases this short the literal translation could be not the best option. &quot;Clean up&quot; is indeed can be translated &quot;очистить(ся)&quot;, but in Russian this verb has subtle yet noticeable differences in usage. &quot;Сначала вырасти, а уж потом очиститься&quot; is valid but sound slightly artificial. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Сперва - рост, а уж потом - экологичность&quot; is essentially  what this title is about. &quot;Первым делом&quot; proposes by Vadim Land is even better. &quot;Первым делом - рост, а экологичность - потом&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-05-05T11:48:07.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14412" CreationDate="2017-05-05T15:58:40.107" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сначала - рост, потом - детали.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8958" LastActivityDate="2017-05-05T15:58:40.107" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14412" CreationDate="2017-05-05T18:48:55.413" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literal translations don't seem to work well here. Here's a few options that to me sound more natural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Экономика или экология?&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Из грязи в князи?&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;А убирать кто будет?&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-05-05T18:48:55.413" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14417" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14419" CreationDate="2017-05-06T05:41:49.730" Score="8" ViewCount="6325" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian you say &quot;я говорю по-русски&quot; (ya govoryu po-russki) to say &quot;I speak Russian&quot;. What does the &quot;по&quot; mean there? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8844" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-06T18:24:35.860" LastActivityDate="2020-11-17T06:31:09.273" Title="In &quot;по-русски&quot; - what does &quot;по&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14417" CreationDate="2017-05-06T08:36:10.597" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, &amp;quot;ja govorim&amp;quot; is wrong (though it may be ok in other Slavic languages, such as Serbian). In Russian it could only be &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;я говорю&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; (&lt;em&gt;ja govorju&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next, as &amp;quot;по-&amp;quot; is written together with the rest of the word (the dash doesn't matter here), it means that grammatically it's considered to be simply a prefix, which is used to form adverbs out of adjectives and possessive pronouns, e.g.: &lt;em&gt;по-хорошему&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;по-моему&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;по-английски&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;по-русски&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; is just the word &amp;quot;Russian&amp;quot; used as an adverb. You may also think it as something close to &amp;quot;in the Russian way&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;as Russians do&amp;quot; or anything like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe this question is also related to: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/8037/%D0%9D%D0%B0-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-or-%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8&quot;&gt;“На английском” or “по-английски”?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="4753" LastEditDate="2020-11-17T06:31:09.273" LastActivityDate="2020-11-17T06:31:09.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14417" CreationDate="2017-05-06T09:16:05.593" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, like Matt pointed out, it's &lt;em&gt;ja govorju&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Po&lt;/em&gt; is (or in this case, was) a preposition used here in its original meaning of &quot;after/following&quot; (its primary meaning in modern Russian is &quot;over/across [a surface or medium]&quot;). It's not technically a preposition anymore, as &lt;em&gt;po-russki&lt;/em&gt; has long solidified as an adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Curiously enough, though, it solidified in a form that would've been considered bad grammar in the Middle Ages. &lt;em&gt;Po-russki&lt;/em&gt; blends together what were historically two different expressions: &lt;em&gt;po rus’sku&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;after the Russian [way/fashion]&quot; — cf. modern Polish &lt;em&gt;po polsku&lt;/em&gt; — and &lt;em&gt;rus’sky&lt;/em&gt;, meaning &quot;with [those things that are] Russian&quot;, cf. modern Czech &lt;em&gt;česky&lt;/em&gt;. Slovak is another &quot;offender&quot; here with its similarly fused-together &lt;em&gt;po slovensky&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case you're wondering how &quot;those things that are&quot; got into something as simple-sounding as &lt;em&gt;rus’sky&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;russki&lt;/em&gt;: this is the now-defunct instrumental case of the (also now-defunct) &lt;em&gt;russka(ja)&lt;/em&gt;, a nounless adjective that looks feminine singular but is actually neuter plural. It's the same nounless neuter plural that was extensively used in Ancient Greek and Latin. (It's how we got words like &lt;em&gt;agenda&lt;/em&gt;, literally something like &quot;the to-be-dones&quot;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-05-06T09:16:05.593" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14420" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14421" CreationDate="2017-05-07T11:38:23.743" Score="3" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusive_growth&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Inclusive growth&lt;/a&gt; is an economic term, I tried to translate as &lt;code&gt;инклузивное развитие&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;включительное развитие&lt;/code&gt;, but not sure because search engines give me very few results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2099" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-07T11:39:30.253" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T16:07:27.147" Title="How to translate `Inclusive growth` into Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14420" CreationDate="2017-05-07T12:55:07.837" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Инклюзи́вный рост/разви́тие&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I got these numbers of hits in Google:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;инклюзивный рост&quot; 4450&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;инклюзивное развитие&quot; 3320&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;включающий рост&quot; 643&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Инклюзивный рост&quot; and &quot;инклюзивное развитие&quot; seem to refer to the term in question while &quot;включающий рост&quot; and &quot;включающее развитие&quot; are mostly combinations of the participle of &quot;включать&quot; followed by &quot;рост/развитие&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few usage examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Сегодня экономисты на Западе пользуются понятием inclusive growth — включающий рост, дающий возможность наблюдать, как изменяется экономическое положение отдельных социальных групп или регионов страны.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://kommersant.ru/doc/3049213&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ИНКЛЮЗИВНЫЙ УСТОЙЧИВЫЙ РОСТ: ПРИОРИТЕТЫ, ИНДИКАТОРЫ, МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ ОПЫТ, ПОТЕНЦИАЛ СОГЛАСОВАНИЯ С МОДЕЛЬЮ РЕИНДУСТРИАЛИЗАЦИИ&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://group-global.org/ru/publication/66990-inklyuzivnyy-ustoychivyy-rost-prioritety-indikatory-mezhdunarodnyy-opyt-potencial&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Инклюзивное развитие&quot; - главная тема Боаоского азиатского форума-2011&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://russian.cntv.cn/program/news_ru/20110414/103308.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-05-07T12:55:07.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14420" CreationDate="2017-05-07T16:18:20.430" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Google scholar находит &lt;code&gt;инклюзивный рост&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;инклюзивное развитие&lt;/code&gt; почти поровну (81 и 82 текста, соответственно)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Включающий рост&quot; находится в 19 текстах, но все или почти все тексты совершенно не о том. Пример:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Для него характерен широкий спектр эруптивной активности, включающий&#xA;  рост экструзивных куполов и их разрушение последующими взрывами разной&#xA;  силы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Речь идёт о вулкане.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2017-05-07T16:18:20.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14412" CreationDate="2017-05-08T23:43:30.383" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вали кулём - потом разберём. . .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6807" LastActivityDate="2017-05-08T23:43:30.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14425" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14426" CreationDate="2017-05-09T02:58:12.707" Score="6" ViewCount="238" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am reading &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Улитка на cклоне&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, and one of the characters is called &lt;strong&gt;Домарощинер&lt;/strong&gt;. In Alan Meyers' English translation, he is called &lt;strong&gt;hausbotcher&lt;/strong&gt;. I see how one gets &quot;Haus&quot; from &quot;Дом&quot;, but where is &quot;botcher&quot; coming from? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6722" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-09T08:05:08.693" LastActivityDate="2017-05-09T08:05:08.693" Title="Why &quot;Домарощинер&quot; is translated as as Hausbotcher?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14425" CreationDate="2017-05-09T03:53:34.807" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Домарощинер&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a variation of a Russian adjective &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;доморощенный&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (literally grown-at-home).  The latter means self-made, but crude and unprofessional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one starts with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;botched-at-home&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, then he can arrive at &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hausbotcher&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; after a few modifications.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2017-05-09T03:53:34.807" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14427" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14429" CreationDate="2017-05-09T09:47:41.453" Score="6" ViewCount="249" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I had to translate this sentence and I thought it'd be just &lt;code&gt;У меня нет времени за это&lt;/code&gt;, but I have a lot of trouble when using certain prepositions. In this case for example, I would have no idea whether to use &lt;code&gt;за&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;для&lt;/code&gt;, so my first question is which one is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that &lt;code&gt;для&lt;/code&gt; is supposed to mean more like &quot;for the purpose of&quot; but I couldn't tell in this particular sentence, are they interchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My second question is, Google Translate uses the preposition &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; in the sentence I have time for this, and I don't understand why. I only know this preposition to be used as in/on. And &quot;for&quot; only when used with time to mean &quot;for the duration of&quot; a certain amount of time. So am I missing a meaning here as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you very much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2085" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-05-09T12:08:49.177" LastActivityDate="2017-05-09T12:08:49.177" Title="&quot;I don't have time for this&quot; preposition" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14428" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14430" CreationDate="2017-05-09T09:56:41.343" Score="4" ViewCount="125" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm having difficulty understanding what the difference is between sentences of this sort—&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Да к тому же еще Дядя Федор наступать начал.&quot; (начал наступать) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Давай мы лучше узнаем, где он разговаривать научился.&quot; (научился разговаривать)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What role does inversion play here. I know this is conversational style, but does anyone want to take a guess at what the equivalent in English would be? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2017-05-09T13:23:15.530" Title="Word order with infinitives" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14427" CreationDate="2017-05-09T10:12:19.027" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both &quot;на это&quot; and &quot;для этого&quot; would be appropriate here, although you would encounter the first one more often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider the phrase 'to spend time &lt;strong&gt;on&lt;/strong&gt; something'. The Russian phrase actually means &quot;У меня нет времени &lt;em&gt;[, чтобы потратить его]&lt;/em&gt; на это&quot; ('I don't have time [to spend it] on that').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-05-09T11:15:24.737" LastActivityDate="2017-05-09T11:15:24.737" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14428" CreationDate="2017-05-09T11:04:42.480" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This kind of inversion is not only conversational, but also commonly used in fiction and poetry to put accent on the action performed rather than the subject, thus making the whole sentence more emotional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Где ты научился разговаривать?&quot;&lt;/em&gt; may as likely be a neutral or an emotional question, while&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Где ты разговаривать научился?&quot;&lt;/em&gt; clearly implies that the speaker is surprised or puzzled by the fact of his opponent being able to talk. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that using passive voice would be the best, although quite clumsy, attempt to approximately match that without going Yoda-style, e.g. &lt;em&gt;'Let's better figure out where his talking skills were learned'&lt;/em&gt; as opposed to &lt;em&gt;'Let's better figure out where he learned to talk'&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-05-09T13:23:15.530" LastActivityDate="2017-05-09T13:23:15.530" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14432" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-09T22:24:18.143" Score="3" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;p&gt;What would be a good translation of the word &quot;backstory,&quot; specifically when talking about a character in literature? I was thinking &lt;code&gt;предыстория&lt;/code&gt; but I'm not sure if it has the right connotations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8808" LastActivityDate="2017-05-10T18:29:13.093" Title="A good translation for &quot;backstory&quot; of a character?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14434" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14432" CreationDate="2017-05-10T08:52:38.207" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actualy, предыстория is absolutely fine here. Literally предыстория is something that is before a story (or history). And I cannot remember any connotations that could make it not suitable here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2017-05-10T08:52:38.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14435" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-10T09:07:23.060" Score="4" ViewCount="351" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the following sentence, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;why don't we use the infinitive - &lt;code&gt;играть&lt;/code&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is the logic behind &lt;code&gt;игре&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я Учу игре на гитаре.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8126" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-10T09:49:47.600" LastActivityDate="2017-05-12T19:00:20.930" Title="&quot;Я учу игре на гитаре&quot; - why &quot;игре&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14436" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14435" CreationDate="2017-05-10T09:18:21.127" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &quot;учить&quot; in the meaning &quot;to teach, to instruct&quot; can be used with dative case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я учу игре на гитаре - I teach how to play guitar &lt;em&gt;(literally: I teach playing the guitar)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я учу английскому языку - I teach the English language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-05-10T14:06:55.290" LastActivityDate="2017-05-10T14:06:55.290" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14437" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14438" CreationDate="2017-05-10T11:21:10.707" Score="3" ViewCount="696" Body="&lt;p&gt;Встретилось словосочетание &quot;нарезные балки&quot;, мне нужно его перевести на английский, но чтобы перевести, нужно понять. В интернете встречается очень мало результатов поиска по &quot;нарезная балка&quot;, однако &quot;разрезная балка&quot; довольно часто. Возможно правильно назвать балку &quot;разрезной&quot;, нежели &quot;нарезной&quot; - это вообще одно и то же?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот здесь нарезная:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На данный момент популярны многопролётные, консольные, однопролётные и нарезные металлические балки. Невзирая на такое разнообразие балок, по популярности с большим отрывом идёт именно нарезная металлическая балка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А &lt;a href=&quot;http://2stroy.ru/help/160/492.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;здесь&lt;/a&gt; разрезная:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Разрезная балка - это балка имеющая две опоры и перекрывающая один&#xA;  пролет. А неразрезная балка - это та балка, которая имеет несколько&#xA;  опор и перекрывающая несколько пролетов. От качества изготовления&#xA;  балки и ее установки, зависит прочность  и устойчивость здания.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8453" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-10T23:17:43.817" LastActivityDate="2017-05-21T14:16:00.543" Title="Как правильно - разрезная или нарезная балка?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14437" CreationDate="2017-05-10T13:33:52.883" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ничего в балках не понимаю,но, даже,судя по вашим цитатам, это разные вещи. И вот еще одна цитата, говорящая о том же.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Разрезной балкой называют ту, которая перекрывает только &lt;strong&gt;один&lt;/strong&gt; пролет и имеет пару опор. А нарезная многопролетная балка это та, которая перекрывает &lt;strong&gt;несколько&lt;/strong&gt; пролетов и имеет также несколько опорных точек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Continuous stringer дает мультитран.&#xA;Еще цитата &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Простейшими конструктивными элементами и одновременно простейшими горизонтальной и вертикальной конструктивными системами являются балка и стойка (столб, колонна). Балка представляет собой прямой брус, опирающийся на две или более количества опор. Балка, свободно лежащая на двух опорах, перекрывающая один пролет, называется разрезной; балка, перекрывающая несколько пролетов, т.е. лежащая на многих опорах, называется нарезной многопролетной; балка, заделанная в опору одним концом и свободная на другом, называется консолью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-05-21T14:16:00.543" LastActivityDate="2017-05-21T14:16:00.543" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14435" CreationDate="2017-05-10T13:42:58.417" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The logic of choice between verb compliment VS noun compliment is two-fold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, a choice between a noun and a verb (in a language where such a choice is possible) depends on a speaker's modal attitude towards an action described by a noun or a verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a speaker regards the action as something pleasant or likable, or that what (s)he would like to be continued, (s)he is most probably to use a verb (this doesn't always work as a rule for languages where a choice of a verbal or a nominal form is grammatically mandatory).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a speaker has and idea of the action described as of neutral or less pleasant or likable, (s)he is most likely to use a noun (also comprising adjectives in its broader sense).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, in Russian language the logic is based on Fenno-Ugric substrate. Both &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Учу(сь) игре на гитаре&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Учу(сь) играть на гитаре&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; are equally grammatical. The difference is a) like in the first example and b) specific.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The specific difference is that Russian Dative could be compared to Fenno-Baltic &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allative_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ablative&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illative_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Illative&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, nominal and verbal complements in this structure (I am not sure if there are other examples of it apart from those with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;учить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) are usually mutually interchangeable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Учу резьбе по дереву.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; =&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Учу (вы)резать по дереву.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Учу ковке металла.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; =&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Учу ковать металл.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Учу французкому.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; =&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Учу говорить по-французски.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, however, the forms are not interchangeable. This usually happends when a nominal compliment (also comprising adjectives in its broader sense) takes a predicative form, or that of an adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Учу быть собой.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Учу хорошему / плохому / вредному / полезному.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-05-10T13:42:58.417" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14432" CreationDate="2017-05-10T13:50:00.113" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Предыстория&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is usually referred to events, not biographies. Here I would suggest something like &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;прошлое героя&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  (is interchangeable with the other two, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;герой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be used for shows and literature)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;история персонажа&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (is interchangeable with the other two, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;персонаж&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be used for shows and for literature)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;биография действующего лица&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (interchangeable with the previous two and less common, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;действующее лицо&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be used for shows only).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-05-10T18:29:13.093" LastActivityDate="2017-05-10T18:29:13.093" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14412" CreationDate="2017-05-10T14:43:20.947" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Сначала рост, затем совершенствование?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8973" LastActivityDate="2017-05-10T14:43:20.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7828" CreationDate="2017-05-11T16:13:43.613" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Тут важно уточнить, к какому времени и ареалу относится слово, восходящее к протоиндоевропейскому &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h%E2%82%82%C5%95%CC%A5t%E1%B8%B1os&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;h₂ŕ̥tḱos&lt;/a&gt;. С течением времени названия одних животных переходят на других (например, слова &quot;берлога&quot; как &quot;логово бера&quot; и &quot;бирюк&quot; восходят к одной основе, но &quot;бирюком&quot; чаще называют волка-одиночку, чем медведя; также восходят к общей протооснове, например, и слова &quot;бык&quot; и &quot;пчела&quot;, хотя это разные животные и разные корни современного языка).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Рассмотрим параллели в индоевропейских языках, а также в финно-угорских, где заимствования консервируются (либо, по ностратической гипотезе, существуют когнаты). Для древнегреческого это будет слово &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ἄρκτος&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (арктос, отсюда же - имя и персонаж &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Аркад&lt;/a&gt;), армянское [&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;arǰer&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;], множество &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hr%CC%A5t%C4%89%C3%A1s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(прото)иранских когнатов&lt;/a&gt; с начальным согласным х. Для древнегреческих диалектов положение придыхательного х перед согласными было факультативно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В финно-угорских языках это &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ош&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; на коми (языке, сохранившем изрядную долю значений и заимствований из древнерусских слов), прибалтийские &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;karhu&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (более близкое к индоевропейской форме по причине финнно-славянских соответствий), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ohto&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;otso&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. У коми (а также множества палеосибирских народов) существовал культ солнечного медведя. Вероятно, у славян медведь (в отличие от волка) также был солнечным божеством.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Исходя из параллелей с финно-угорскими заимствованиями (когнатами?), индо-иранскими и древнегреческим, армянским языками, а также - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruki_sound_law&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;исключения для закона R.U.K.I. в славянских языках&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;в начале слова должен быть звук х&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Далее - звук, средний между а и о (шва).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Затем - эр (из протоевропейского ретрофлексивного д), эс (как соответствие прибалтийско-финским в когнатах и(ли) заимстованиях из предков балто-славяно-германских языков - да, есть факты, позволяющие постулировать родство финно-угорских и индоевропейских наречий), плюс-минус ещё шва.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В итоге получаем слово &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Хър(ъ)съ&lt;/a&gt; - вряд ли имя божества было заимствовано из индоиранского пантеона. Когнаты: &lt;a href=&quot;http://izbakurnog.historic.ru/enc/item/f00/s19/a001984.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;хорт&lt;/a&gt; (вспомним метонимию слова  &quot;бирюк&quot;), &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Хортица&lt;/a&gt; (топоним с неопределёной этимологией). Возможный когнат (как исключение из закона Педерсена) - фамилия Щорс.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-05-11T18:46:39.980" LastActivityDate="2017-05-11T18:46:39.980" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14435" CreationDate="2017-05-11T20:00:21.960" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я учу играть на гитаре&amp;quot; is grammatical, but sounds a bit awkward to me. The sentence feels like it is missing an object: &amp;quot;Я учу &lt;code&gt;его&lt;/code&gt; играть на гитаре&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;I am teaching him to play the guitar&amp;quot; sounds better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I would use the dative when saying that I teach how to play the guitar in general, and the infinitive when saying that I am teaching somebody how to play the guitar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Come to think of it, if you use &lt;code&gt;преподавать&lt;/code&gt;, which is the other word for &amp;quot;teach&amp;quot;, then it may sound better, and you can use the nominative case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я преподаю игру на гитаре.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я преподаю вождение машины.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-05-12T19:00:20.930" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14444" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14445" CreationDate="2017-05-12T00:56:45.340" Score="16" ViewCount="3444" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a screen shot from Tchaikovsky's Harmony textbook:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vf1dE.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vf1dE.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this the pre-reform orthography? If someone learns modern Russian, how difficult will it be to understand such paragraphs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6686" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-12T07:26:01.573" LastActivityDate="2019-06-12T16:13:28.167" Title="What kind of Russian orthography is this?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14444" CreationDate="2017-05-12T02:15:37.327" Score="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it's Russian in the pre-reform orthography. The reform was in 1918, so this is just a hundred years old Russian. It's easy to understand, just as it's easy to understand a hundred years old English. The main difference from the Modern Russian is the use of some letters, which were removed from the alphabet in 1918. They were substituted with other letters. In order to convert such a text into the modern Russian orthography, you have to follow 3 steps:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;remove every &lt;code&gt;ъ&lt;/code&gt;, &quot;hard sign&quot;, at the end of the words, e.g. &lt;code&gt;объ&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;об&lt;/code&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;substitute the obsolete letters with modern ones:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;ѣ&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt;, e.g. &lt;code&gt;разумѣется&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;разумеется&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;i&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ѵ&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;, e.g. &lt;code&gt;ученіе&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;учение&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;ѳ&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;ф&lt;/code&gt;, e.g. &lt;code&gt;Ѳедор&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;Федор&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note, your sample passage has no &lt;code&gt;ѵ&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;ѳ&lt;/code&gt;, but still they were used, although rarely.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;substitute the adjective endings:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;-аго&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;-ого&lt;/code&gt;, e.g. &lt;code&gt;образуемаго&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;образуемого&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;-яго&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;-его&lt;/code&gt;, e.g. &lt;code&gt;синяго&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;синего&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, endings &lt;code&gt;-ыя, -ія&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;-ые, -ие&lt;/code&gt;, and the pronoun &lt;code&gt;ея&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;её&lt;/code&gt;, these are also not found in you sample.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's all. You get a text in the Modern Russian orthography. To make it still more simple, there is an &lt;a href=&quot;http://slavenica.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;online converter&lt;/a&gt;, which can convert whole texts between the two orthographies, to and from.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD. I've just noticed that the text does have an adjective with the ending &lt;code&gt;-ія&lt;/code&gt;, that is why &lt;code&gt;шаткія&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;шаткие&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2019-06-12T15:24:13.393" LastActivityDate="2019-06-12T15:24:13.393" CommentCount="21" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14437" CreationDate="2017-05-12T13:26:36.933" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вспомнился сопромат...  Со специальности (и тех. перевода) помню, что именно continuous girder и continuous stringer. И те и другие являются continuous beams,  а так же collector beams. Это горизонтальные балки, имеющие более чем две опоры. Разница в том, что stringer опираются на girders, в то время как последние могут быть &quot;ненарезными&quot; - разрезными, вторые как правило нарезные.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Реально stringer используется гораздо реже как слово в значении балка в сочетании с continuous, так как правило они являются нарезными.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возможно что-то непонятно, но &quot;нарезной&quot; и &quot;неразрезной&quot; в этом случае с инженерной точки зрения - полные синонимы. ГОСТом установлен термин &quot;многопролетная неразрезная балка&quot;, однако термин &quot;нарезная&quot; балка продолжает встречаться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8859" LastEditorUserId="8859" LastEditDate="2017-05-12T14:30:55.990" LastActivityDate="2017-05-12T14:30:55.990" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14278" CreationDate="2017-05-12T17:42:42.063" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Есть есть?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you have something to eat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Есть нет, есть пить!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is nothing to eat, there is something to drink.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Есть blah, blah?&lt;/code&gt; You can translate as &lt;code&gt;&quot;Is there blah blah?&quot;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&quot;Do you have blah blah ?&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8983" LastActivityDate="2017-05-12T17:42:42.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14448" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-12T22:06:55.300" Score="16" ViewCount="4202" Body="&lt;p&gt;We all agree that the letter &lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian is equal to &lt;strong&gt;G&lt;/strong&gt; in English. &#xA;But Why does the letter г in some of the Russian words sound different as it should be? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;се&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;одня = pronounced as if it is written: се&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;одня .&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;ниче&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;о = pronounced as if it is written: ниче&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;о. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;е&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;о  (for example:  его семья) = pronounced as if it is written: е&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;о. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Льва Толсто&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;о = Lva Tolsto&lt;strong&gt;v&lt;/strong&gt;a&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;хорошо&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;о дня = harosho&lt;strong&gt;v&lt;/strong&gt;o dnya &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;для того что = Dela to&lt;strong&gt;v&lt;/strong&gt;o chto &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to see more examples of this phenomenon, and I'll add them here -in the question- later. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hxE98m.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hxE98m.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="6907" LastEditDate="2017-12-27T12:11:20.170" LastActivityDate="2017-12-27T12:11:20.170" Title="Why is the letter &quot;г&quot; in some of the Russian words pronounced differently as it should be?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14449" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-12T22:16:07.753" Score="1" ViewCount="242" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have 2 questions about the same words: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;. Is there a difference between &lt;strong&gt;эго&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; or the are the same? &#xA; (I've noticed that the uses of both is almost in the same context, and I suspect that they are synonyms.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt;. In addition, I'm not sure if the letter &lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt; in this case is pronounced the same as the letter &lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;, and then эго and это are pronounced the same. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-13T11:09:31.243" LastActivityDate="2017-05-14T16:00:10.487" Title="Is there a difference between &quot;эго&quot; and &quot;это&quot; or the are the same?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14449" CreationDate="2017-05-12T22:52:52.013" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are two completely different words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Эго&lt;/code&gt; is a noun which means ego. In most cases, it means a (usually boosted) sense of self-importance, for example &lt;code&gt;у него непомерно раздутое эго&lt;/code&gt;. In Russian, эго in such meaning has negative connotations. Sometimes эго means Freudian or philosophical concept of ego.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Это&lt;/code&gt; means it. (There are other, similar, meanings.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt; is mistyped as &lt;code&gt;эго&lt;/code&gt;, as a typo. Often the source of the typo is a computer recognition error. Since г and т are visually similar, and both words do exist, a recognition software can easily confuse between the two words.  Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Но эго как раз тот случай, когда интуиция обманывает. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an obvious typo (should be &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2017-05-12T22:52:52.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14451" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-12T23:45:50.463" Score="5" ViewCount="328" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it considered a mistake to write &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;го and &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;то instead of &lt;strong&gt;э&lt;/strong&gt;го and &lt;strong&gt;э&lt;/strong&gt;то?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found it many times when people change between the letters е and э in this words, and I'm no sure if it's mistake or just a matter of style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-13T11:09:45.883" LastActivityDate="2017-06-17T20:41:29.303" Title="Is it considered a mistake to write &quot;его&quot; and &quot;ето&quot; instead of эго and это?" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14448" CreationDate="2017-05-13T00:01:45.603" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Historical phonetics, I guess. In some southern dialects of Modern Russian, the letter &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Г г&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is still pronounced as [ɣ] almost in any position (as in modern Ukrainian). For some times, the Russian koine was a mix of competing dialects without a unified standard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The trend resulted in interesting competition between the phonems [g] and [h/ɣ] in times of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavrila_Derzhavin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Derzhavin&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Lomonosov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lomonosov&lt;/a&gt;. Namely, in words for 'spiritual' and 'high' lexis (such as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Б-г&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ангелы, богатство&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;господа&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) the trend was to pronounce the letter &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Г г&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as [h/γ], the former variety matching the intervocal position. The unified modern way to pronounce &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Б-г&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as [boχ] is a  relic of that time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The trend went as far as proposals for two different letters for two distinct sounds made by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasily_Trediakovsky&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Trediakovsky&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For details, see &lt;a href=&quot;http://forum.lingvo.ru/actualthread.aspx?tid=17074&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the humorous poem by Lomonosov&lt;/a&gt; of that time (in modern orthography).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later, the intervocal [ɣ] developed into [v] (as it was the case with some Frankish loanwords into French, where intervocal [ɣ] became [w] or [v]. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, in addition to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сегодня&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; any combination of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ого&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-его&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; for a Genitive Neutrum / Masculine Singular is pronounced as [-óva /-ava] or [-éva/-iva] respectively, whether with a stressed vowel or not, and the only exception I can think of now is the words of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;много&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [mnóga]-type.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-05-13T22:39:59.510" LastActivityDate="2017-05-13T22:39:59.510" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14451" CreationDate="2017-05-13T00:16:26.383" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, because E e at a beginning of a word is heard as [je]. Moreover,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = this / it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;эго&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = Ego (as in Freudian personality theory).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't ever seen &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ето&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; written instead of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; by a native speaker who doesn't speak a dialect (and no &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_dialects&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dialect&lt;/a&gt; except for St. Petersburgs or Moscovian is regarded as a prestigious variety of speech by natives). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Occasionally, you may stumble upon &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;энто&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and even &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;енто&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, but they are also regarded by native speakers as abominations of illiteracy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-05-13T22:20:19.547" LastActivityDate="2017-05-13T22:20:19.547" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14448" CreationDate="2017-05-13T00:19:02.247" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian orthography is based on morphological-historical principles, which means it tries to write down morphemes the same way all the time and keep the historical spellings of the morphemes (the latter is the main feature of the English spelling, too).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt; read as &lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt; is an example of historical spelling. It is found only in the &lt;em&gt;genitive case of masculine and neuter gender forms&lt;/em&gt; of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;pronouns: &lt;em&gt;его, моего, этого, того, всего, чего, кого, какого&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;adjectives: &lt;em&gt;маленького, синего, зелёного&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;participles: &lt;em&gt;написанного, взятого&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point is that all the rest of the Slavic languages have a [g]-type sound in those forms, it is only in Russian that [g] changed to [v] in the genitive case endings. Still, the Russian orthography keeps the traditional spelling with &lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt;. Perhaps the reason for this is that in the dialect of Moscow which was later taken as the basis for Standard Russian [g] changed to [v] no earlier than in the 17th century, that is quite recently. The reason why the change occurred is the fact that bisyllabic unstressed endings tend to weaken: [оgо] &gt; [оо] &gt; [оvо] — first [g] dropped out and then the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epenthesis&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;epenthetic&lt;/a&gt; [w] &gt; [v] appeared. This trend originated in the Northern Russian dialects and can also be traced in some Pomeranian Lechitic dialects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the word &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сегодня&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in which the &lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt; read as &lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt; is in the middle of the word and not in the ending, that is also a trick of orthography. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cегодня&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is an adverb which is actually a frozen noun phrase &lt;em&gt;сего дня&lt;/em&gt; &quot;[on] this day&quot;, in which both words are in the genitive case, &lt;em&gt;сего&lt;/em&gt; being the genitive case singular masculine form of the archaic demonstrative pronoun &lt;em&gt;сей&lt;/em&gt; &quot;this&quot; which is not used anymore, it got substituted by &lt;em&gt;этот&lt;/em&gt;. Writing adverbs that appeared from free phrases as a single word without spaces or hyphens is typical of Russian: &lt;em&gt;вперёд&lt;/em&gt; (forward) &amp;lt; &lt;em&gt;в перёд&lt;/em&gt; (to front), &lt;em&gt;завтра&lt;/em&gt; (tomorrow) &amp;lt; &lt;em&gt;за утро&lt;/em&gt; (after morning), etc. As you can see, even with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сегодня&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; it is in the genitive case ending that &lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt; is read as &lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that when I say &quot;ending&quot; that means a grammatical ending, not just the last sounds of the word. In Russian there are some words that end in /evo/, but nevertheles are spelled with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;B&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; because that /evo/ is not an ending of the genitive case, for example &lt;em&gt;марево&lt;/em&gt; ['ma.rʲi.və] &quot;haze, mirage&quot;. In this word the root is &lt;em&gt;марев-&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;-o&lt;/em&gt; is the &lt;em&gt;nominative&lt;/em&gt; case singular neuter ending. Once in a Latvian newspaper in Russian I saw an add that started with &lt;em&gt;ДЁШЕГО!&lt;/em&gt; which means &quot;Cheap!&quot; and is pronounced ['dʲo.ʂɪ.və]. That is really a funny mistake since the word must actually be spelled &lt;em&gt;дёшево&lt;/em&gt; because it is not in the genitive case. The root of the word is &lt;em&gt;дёшев-&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;-o&lt;/em&gt; is the suffix that turns adjectives into adverbs. Remember, not every Russian word that ends in [və] is written with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Г&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;With animate nouns the accusative case coincides with the genitive case, so everything which was said above about the genitive case is valid for the accusative case animate, too.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-05-13T00:55:54.933" LastActivityDate="2017-05-13T00:55:54.933" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14449" CreationDate="2017-05-13T05:58:55.477" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;My intuition is that perhaps you meant &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;его&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (as a Single Genitive Case of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;он(о)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) instead of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;эго&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which is more likely to be 'used almost in the same context' as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, or perhaps   &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;него&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The differences shall be as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (Gen. Sg. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;этого&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [étava]) = a) demonstrative pronoun (or b) neutrum descriptive pronoun).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это миелофон.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = This is a mind-reading device.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это слово - из фантастического фильма.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = This word [comes] from a sci-fi movie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cf: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Этот миелофон не работает / выключен.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = This mind-reading device is off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;его&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [(j)ivó] = Gen. Sg. of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;он&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (he =&gt; him) or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (it), used most often as a case of direct (&lt;em&gt;animate&lt;/em&gt;, in case of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;он&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) object, or as b) Partitive Genitive, or as c) Possessive Genitive, or :&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вижу его.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = I see him / it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Его там нет.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = He is not there (lit. it's like 'There is no him there').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это - его.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = This belongs to him / This is his (lit. = ...of him).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;него&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [nivó]  = Gen.Sg.2 , used most often with prepositions:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это - для / от него.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = This is for / from him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Этого&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = Gen. Sg. of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;этот&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (both as demonstrative and descriptive pronoun):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня этого нет. / Это у меня.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = I don't have it/this/that.// I have it/this/that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other examples (try to deduce to which type of usage each form is related): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Этот миелофон - у меня.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = I have (got) this/that mind-reading device.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У него этого миелофона нет.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  = He doesn't have this/that/such a mind-reading device.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У него этого нет.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = He doesn't have this/that/it. = &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У него его нет.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = He doesn't have this/that/it / He is not at his place (chez lui).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня его нет.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = I don't have this/that/it. / He is not at my place (chez moi).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore I suppose that perhaps you meant the interchangeability of &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; VS &lt;strong&gt;его&lt;/strong&gt; in the sub-category of 2. a) and 2.b types (direct objects and existential sentences). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, basically, the interchangeability between &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;его&lt;/strong&gt; occurs in a case of Masculine (Inanimate) nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-05-14T16:00:10.487" LastActivityDate="2017-05-14T16:00:10.487" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14451" CreationDate="2017-05-14T00:04:12.487" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the given words the correct Russian spelling is &quot;его&quot; (unless you meant &quot;эго&quot; as in Freud's Ego, yep) and &quot;это&quot;, as the first word has initial j and jэ is shown as е. The prima facie correct Ukrainian spelling if it had the words would be єго (in reality - його) and ето (in reality - це).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there is an interesting issue with the е and э letters. е is supposed to mean jэ or 'э (э after a &quot;soft&quot; - palatalized - consonant) but in many recent loanwords it is used instead of э, and, as Sergey Slepov mentioned, this can be the source of using э instead of е and vice versa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, the word-initial э sound is pronounced diversely - some speakers use the more close sound as if it were after a soft consonant, others use the more open sound as the one used after hard (non-palatalized) consonants. This can also induce some problems&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastEditorUserId="2238" LastEditDate="2017-06-17T20:41:29.303" LastActivityDate="2017-06-17T20:41:29.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14457" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14459" CreationDate="2017-05-14T10:39:15.563" Score="5" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I use the verb 'быть' in the present, the predicate takes the nominative case, as in 'Я - высокий.' But when I change the tense, I sometimes feel I should use the instrumental instead (so 'Я был высокий' vs 'Я был высоким'). In what cases do I use each?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8991" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-05-16T17:56:23.420" LastActivityDate="2017-05-16T17:56:23.420" Title="Predicate taking instrumental case" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14457" CreationDate="2017-05-14T11:23:06.910" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я был высоким&lt;/code&gt; is grammar correct option because we can ask &lt;code&gt;я был (в прошлом) кем? - высоким человеком&lt;/code&gt; and instrumental case asking the same questions &lt;code&gt;Кем? Чем?&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;But the first option also can be used in speaking and writing, so it's not mistake just nuance. Also you can use short form like: &lt;code&gt;Бунин был смел, честен в своих убеждениях.&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;As you can see there is no ending at all &lt;code&gt;смел (ый / ым)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6649" LastActivityDate="2017-05-14T11:23:06.910" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14457" CreationDate="2017-05-14T12:44:23.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, your question seems to be a duplicate of the other one that &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/14182/case-of-complements-in-russian/14183#14183&quot;&gt;had been previously asked&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quotation from my answer to the previous one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The difference is that быть + Instrumentalis is similar to a past perfective form (as a perfective action unrelated to a moment of utterance), while быть + Nominative would be compared to a present-perfective structure in a language where such a distinction exists.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;As for the future tense, some decades or a century ago the phrase with Nominative compliment [будет журналист] might be equally correct, but nowadays it sounds as a little bit obsolete.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The usage of Instrumental as a copular compliment is similar to that of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essive_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Essive&lt;/a&gt; (a case of an impermanent state) in Balto-Fennic languages and can be regarded as a Fenno-Ugric substrate.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-05-14T12:44:23.680" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12396" CreationDate="2017-05-14T12:54:30.073" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, Accusative goes for a direct object (e.g. an object without a preposition, AKA the object itself), and Instrumental goes for an indirect object (that is, an [non-living] object with a preposition, AKA a compliment).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, almost any English structure of the type 'to do smth with smth' can be rendered into Russian like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(с)делать что-нибудь + Instrumental&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cut the meat by a knife. =&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Я) режу мясо ножом.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I measure the water by a cup. =&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Я) (от)меряю воду чашкой.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am busy with some business. =&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Я) занят делом.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I count the money with a calculator. =&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Я) считаю деньги калькулятором.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-05-14T12:54:30.073" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4089" CreationDate="2017-05-14T19:18:40.500" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Everyone here is making the translation too quirky and context specific. It translates to— &quot;I (my hands) haven't gotten (around) to do(ing) it&quot; доходить--to reach, get to X. We say exactly the same thing in English, minus the hands. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2017-05-14T19:18:40.500" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14462" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14465" CreationDate="2017-05-15T13:18:59.990" Score="2" ViewCount="13143" Body="&lt;p&gt;My curiosity I have started learning Russian. While i read some articles they specified same meaning for different word. Can any one clarify my doubt and guide me in right path? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8553" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-16T05:56:07.627" LastActivityDate="2017-05-16T05:56:07.627" Title="What is the difference between &quot;мои&quot; , &quot;моя&quot;, &quot;мой&quot;?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-05-16T05:54:51.690" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14464" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14466" CreationDate="2017-05-15T17:22:08.090" Score="10" ViewCount="664" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on observations, the following seems to be the simplest pattern in which the prepositions, are used. My questions about this pattern consist of two parts: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; If I used this pattern, how often would you estimate that I would make the right choice of в/во, с/со, к/ко, e.g. 40% of the time, or maybe even 60%?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; What are the most frequently occurring counterexamples to this pattern? I.e. not &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; counterexamples, because I imagine there are many, but maybe the first two &lt;em&gt;most frequent&lt;/em&gt; ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Add an о to the end of the preposition с в к whenever it precedes a word beginning with two consonants, the first of which is either the consonant itself of its voiced/unvoiced partner (the pairs are в/ф, з/с, г/к). &lt;code&gt;во вторник, во Франции, со зрением, со словами, ко граду, ко книге&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Otherwise, don't add an о to the end of the preposition. &lt;code&gt;в воскресенье, с солнцем, к кому, в гражданина, с французского, к планктону&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Exception: the preposition precedes some form of я: e.g. &lt;code&gt;ко мне, со мной&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I ask because Russian learners are often told that во, со, ко are used &quot;to make pronunciation of consonant clusters&quot; easier. However, that simply isn't true in general, because в, с, к are simply unchanged before the vast majority of consonant clusters. So I tried to make up the following rule that is more accurate (even if not entirely accurate) but still fairly simple to understand/remember.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; These issues are addressed in these four questions &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/3027/%D0%BA-vs-%D0%BA%D0%BE-preposition&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/13372/%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BC-vs-%D1%81-%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%BC&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/986/prepositions-%D0%B2-and-%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/12496/what-is-the-difference-between-%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83-and-%D0%B2-%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;/a&gt; on this website. However, they give (for me, who is just beginning to learn this) way too many counterexamples, and most of which do not seem like they are used often, e.g. in set phrases I have never heard of, or with words I have never heard of, or with very obscure grammatical cases which existed in Proto-Indo-European but which are almost entirely extinct in modern Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would prefer only one or two counterexamples, and counterexamples such that (1) someone is likely to hear and use them frequently (at least once per week), (2) any native speaker, educated or otherwise, is likely to immediately pick up on the difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="7239" LastEditDate="2017-05-16T10:48:44.820" LastActivityDate="2017-05-16T10:48:44.820" Title="Is this rule for в/во, с/со, к/ко generally correct?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14462" CreationDate="2017-05-15T17:32:26.087" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мои, моя, мой - are just conjugation of Мое; they are plural, feminine, &#xA;masculine respectively.&#xA;A full table of those conjugations you can see &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiktionary, мой&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is one of the possessive pronouns - мой, твой, свой, ваш, наш, его, её, их&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It just has to be memorized and having a small card where they are written helps.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/coYo0.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/coYo0.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(source of the picture, as I found it, is one of pinterest, but I can't link to it, because I need to have account there, which I do not, and the link will be useless for not pinterest users)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дом - is just a construction, house&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Дома - mean at home, or plural form of Дом. The difference is in context and emphasis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дóма - at home  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Домá - homes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3713" LastEditorUserId="3713" LastEditDate="2017-05-15T17:56:21.970" LastActivityDate="2017-05-15T17:56:21.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14464" CreationDate="2017-05-15T19:26:06.490" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apart from &quot;ко мне&quot; и &quot;со мной&quot; there are other exceptions from the part of the rule about &quot;the consonant itself of its voiced/unvoiced partner&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-со всеми - with everyone else&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-во многом -  to a large extent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-ко всему [прочему] -   to make things worse &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-со вкусом -  tastefully&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are all common expressions. Not sure if I use them every week, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2017-05-15T19:26:06.490" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14467" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-16T15:38:05.120" Score="3" ViewCount="182" Body="&lt;p&gt;For most adjectives, a basic ground form to derive the rest in a paradigm seems to be that of Masculine Singular and they therefore can be divided into &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ый,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  and -&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ий&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-types.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically and stylistically, the shortened adjectives seem to be more archaic and related to a higher / poetic style. This comprises both relative and qualitative adjectives (although not possessive ones), even the adjectives of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-type (though these seem to be less productive).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[The shortened forms of adjectives (especially those derived from relative 'ancestors') are then usually to be post-positioned, but now I deliberately skip this nuance for the sake of the completeness].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cf:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;зéлено яблоко &amp;lt;=&gt; зелёное яблоко (зелёный)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(&lt;/em&gt;?) сóлев холм  &amp;lt;=&gt;    солевой холм*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(&lt;/em&gt;?) челюстнен скат &amp;lt;=&gt; челюстной скат (= контур)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;рдян ог(о)нь  &amp;lt;=&gt;   рдяной огонь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;синий кит&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;lt; = &gt; ????&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not mentioning here the archaic and poetic combined formes, such as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;зелено-яблоко&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;рдян-огнь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, because the usage of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian since, say, the 17th century seems to be the other topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Syntaxically, the shortened forms mostly convey a meaning of perfective utterance: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Яблоко зелено. Пол стеклянен. Огонь багрян.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what about the shortened adjectives of the -&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ий&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-types? They seem to be non-productive, but is it a later development?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For some adjectives (mainly relative) the shortened forms are imaginable, eg. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;мужний, братний, весенний, зимний&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be imagined as *мужен, *братнен, *весенен and *зимнен (at least, as elements of compound words). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what about the shortened forms of relative adjectives ending in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ний&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;? Some are imaginable (e.g. those derived from &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;давний,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;давнишний, давешний, вышний, внешний&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) but the others are not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To mention a few;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;синий&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;верхний&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;крайний&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сторонний&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;дольний&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ворóний&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, etc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-05-16T19:35:40.483" LastActivityDate="2017-05-19T06:50:21.490" Title="Productivity of short adjectives derived from those of -ний type" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14467" CreationDate="2017-05-16T19:56:28.037" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adjectives in -ий are not that different from other adjectives when it comes to producing short forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Кит синь, вода синя, море сине&quot; - those are quite normal short forms of синий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Верхний, крайний, сторонний and дольний (did you mean дальний?) are all relative adjectives and hence do not have short forms (although they are potentially possible: верхен, краен, сторонен, дален).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ворóний is a possessive adjective and -ий is not an ending in the morphological sense. Ворóний has a null ending. Other examples of words with the same declension type: заячий, лисий, третий, весь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possessive adjectives are a subclass of relative adjectives and hence do not have short or comparative forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дальний has a near-synonym далёкий which is qualitative and does have short forms: далёк, далека, далеко, далеки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum up, only qualitative adjectives have short, comparative and superlative forms, regardless of their declension type (-ий, -ый, -ой, null). And that makes sense: something can be more or less blue but something cannot be more or less 'top' (верхний). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Qualitative/relative are two ends of a scale and not a binary classification. E.g. апельсиновый is normally relative (to orange) but one can say, for the sake of a pun:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это наиапельсиновейший напиток в мире!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-05-17T20:40:31.273" LastActivityDate="2017-05-17T20:40:31.273" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14467" CreationDate="2017-05-18T09:25:32.743" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are intersted in looking-up theoretical proper shortened forms of Russian adjectives, online dictionaries might come in handy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example you can use an online version of Zaliznyak's dictionary or the Wiktionary (I surmise that the latter is based on the former):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.morfologija.ru/%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0/%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.morfologija.ru/словоформа/братний&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/братний&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have just two remarks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;as these are formal dictionaries  they follow formal grammar, so no shortened forms of relative adjectives;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;many of the shortened forms listed in these dictionaries look awkward and are barely used in the modern written or spoken language (i.e. shortened forms of крайний, ближний etc.; N.B. крайне as in &quot;крайне плохой&quot; is an adverb).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2017-05-18T09:25:32.743" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14467" CreationDate="2017-05-19T06:50:21.490" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Perhaps this info might be interesting.&#xA;Краткие прилагательные – особые несклоняемые, предикативные формы &lt;strong&gt;качественных&lt;/strong&gt; прилагательных.&#xA;I have found examples on the ruscorpora.ru&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вода была ласково-спокойна и &lt;strong&gt;весело-синя&lt;/strong&gt;, светлея лишь косыми гладкими полосами в местах течения и переходя в густо-синий глубокий цвет на горизонте. [А. И. Куприн. Гранатовый браслет (1911)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как &lt;strong&gt;синя&lt;/strong&gt; ночь для человека, отошедшего от костра, и как красна голая дорожка на освещенном зеленом лугу; конечно, эти явления, хотя и без анализа их, издавна знакомы людям. [К. С. Петров-Водкин. Моя повесть. Часть 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ветер был виден, он был &lt;strong&gt;синь&lt;/strong&gt;, он рвал воду и нес ее с собой по воздуху, и вода кипела. [Б. А. Пильняк. Заволочье (1925)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тогда была луна, снег был &lt;strong&gt;синь&lt;/strong&gt;, горы и глетчеры уходили во мглу, снег сыпался и звенел, казалось под луной, что эти люди на луне, ― скелет «Свердрупа» распух от инея. [Б. А. Пильняк. Заволочье (1925)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Залив был &lt;strong&gt;синь&lt;/strong&gt;. И камни, грея спины,&#xA;На жарком солнце спали под горой.&#xA;[И. А. Бунин. Бог полдня (1908.08.12)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какие прилагательные &lt;strong&gt;не имеют кратких форм&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Большинство прилагательных в русском языке имеют и полную, и краткую форму. К словам-исключениям, у которых есть &lt;strong&gt;только полная&lt;/strong&gt; форма, относятся:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Прилагательные с уменьшительно-ласкательными суффиксами и суффиксами, несущими подчеркнуто объективно суждение&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;темненький, широченный, крохотный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Некоторые названия цветов&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;оливковый, малиновый, шоколадный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Прилагательные, называющие масти животных&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вороной, пегий, гнедой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Качественные прилагательные с суффиксами -ск-, -н-, -ов-(-ев-), образованные от относительных прилагательных&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;товарищеский, ручной, вековой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Отглагольные прилагательные, образованные при помощи суффикса -л-&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;бывалый, прошлый, талый&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Некоторые многозначные прилагательные образуют краткую форму &lt;strong&gt;только к одному из значений&lt;/strong&gt;. Так, например, у прилагательного фальшивый краткая форма есть при употреблении слова в значении «неискренний» – фальшивые чувства – чувства фальшивы, тогда как в значении «ненастоящий, поддельный» не  употребляется краткая форма – фальшивая купюра.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Только в краткой форме употребляются прилагательные&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;горазд, надобен, должен, рад, одинехонек/одинешенек, маловат, радехонек /радешенек, великоват и другие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-05-19T06:50:21.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14472" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14473" CreationDate="2017-05-19T08:43:20.990" Score="6" ViewCount="2731" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пойди принеси воды, зайди купи хлеба, сядь посиди, приди взгляни, попробуй разберись. Или&#xA;   Пойти разобраться, зайти купить, попробовать найти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надо ли их разделять запятой? Думаю, что не надо. Но хотелось бы правила из достоверного источника. И как это явление называется? Явно не однородные члены предложения. С инфинитивом, наверное, второй, как дополнение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same in English or related &lt;a href=&quot;https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/113680/imperative-with-go-go-do-something&quot;&gt;https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/113680/imperative-with-go-go-do-something&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-06-08T05:40:14.427" LastActivityDate="2017-06-08T05:40:14.427" Title="Как называется явление, когда два глагола стоят рядом в одной форме" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14472" CreationDate="2017-05-19T10:00:39.310" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;В случае, когда два глагола стоят в &lt;b&gt;одинаковой форме&lt;/b&gt;, причем одно указывает способ, а второе цель действия, имеет место &lt;b&gt;осложненное глагольное сказуемое&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Запятые в этом случае не ставятся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/lingvistic/996/%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;dic.academic.ru&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2017-05-19T10:00:39.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14472" CreationDate="2017-05-19T10:01:04.750" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Конструкции с такими двойными глаголами иногда относят к &lt;em&gt;сериальным конструкциям&lt;/em&gt; (соотв., &lt;strong&gt;явление сериализации&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books?id=WavJAAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA249&amp;amp;lpg=PA249&amp;amp;dq=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=LHURxDKYJZ&amp;amp;sig=vMst6aun2baYKRsJNNFCkpkC-00&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwiR3-6P1vvTAhUGjiwKHSiPDq4Q6AEIQzAG&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Рассказы о сновидениях: Корпусное исследование устного русского дискурса, под ред. Кибрика и Подлесской, &quot;Языки славянских культур&quot;, Москва 2009&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2017-05-20T00:56:06.700" LastActivityDate="2017-05-20T00:56:06.700" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14472" CreationDate="2017-05-19T14:25:17.307" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;В дополнение к предыдущим ответам - в большинстве случаев я бы не стал писать запятую, даже если бы мне предъявили самые, самые авторитетные источники, солидные и в кожаных переплётах. Кроме правил есть ещё и здравый смысл. Стоит отметить, тем не менее, что в ряде случаев запятая грамматически уместна, но меняет смысл.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сравните:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Надо пойти купить хлеба.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужен переходник, но так лень его доставать. Ведь это же надо куда-то пойти, купить. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@YellowSky прав, когда говорит, что между двумя глаголами можно поставить союз &quot;и&quot; - в обоих случаях можно заменить на &quot;пойти и купить&quot;. Но по смыслу в первом случае это не перечисление, не последовательная цепочка действий (как во втором случае), а как бы цельное действие, пусть даже и выполненное в несколько приёмов. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ещё примеры:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Приди взгляни на него! Смотри он что учудил опять.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А ты туда приди, взгляни на него молча, и пусть ему станет стыдно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что я предложил бы такое эмпирическое правило:&#xA;Если по смыслу между глаголами уместно вставить &quot;а потом&quot; - ставьте запятую. Если нет - не ставьте. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-19T14:32:07.077" LastActivityDate="2017-05-19T14:32:07.077" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14476" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-19T16:58:43.287" Score="6" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;So the plural form of this is 'львы́'? Wikipedia does not indicate that this is irregular. Are there other nouns that follow this pattern, or some sort of rule to help me remember this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9022" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-04-01T21:59:46.853" LastActivityDate="2018-04-01T21:59:46.853" Title="Declension of 'ле́в'?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;беглая-гласная&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14476" CreationDate="2017-05-19T20:03:51.793" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not irregular. The mobile vowel is a typical phenomenon for [almost] any masculine singular, non-loan word consisting of two syllables, starting with a singular consonant and taking &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-и/-ы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (and not &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-а&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-я&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) as a plural marker. The syllable structure is either &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;CVC(ь)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;CVCVC(ь)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or, as some user had put it above, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;CVCъ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (historically). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The one-syllable words are tricky about mobile vowels to predict, but for most polysyllabic words of these types with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ок,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ень&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ец&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; you can be 99% sure that they have a mobile vowel within.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is,  the following forms are rather 'usual' than 'exceptional'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;отец =&gt; отцы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ловец =&gt; ловцы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;малец  =&gt; мальцы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;палец  =&gt; пальцы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;лоб =&gt; лбы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;лёд =&gt; льды&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;огонь =&gt; огни&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;камень =&gt; камни&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;песок =&gt; пески&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;лоток =&gt; лотки&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;каток =&gt; катки&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;носок =&gt; носки&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;кусок =&gt; куски&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;селезень  =&gt; селезни&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;слизень  =&gt; слизни&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 'regular' forms are in fact more exceptional, cf:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пирог =&gt; пироги&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;порог =&gt; пороги&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;олень =&gt; олени&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пароль =&gt; пароли&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пол =&gt; полы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-05-19T20:09:22.113" LastActivityDate="2017-05-19T20:09:22.113" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14480" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14482" CreationDate="2017-05-20T05:49:46.567" Score="7" ViewCount="1030" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the common translation for '&lt;strong&gt;afternoon&lt;/strong&gt;' in Russian language? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've checked the dictionary and I found &lt;em&gt;many options&lt;/em&gt; which some of them seems to be incorrect at all. Look at the attached picture. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vbZRZ.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vbZRZ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastActivityDate="2017-07-23T07:49:42.327" Title="What is the translation of &quot;afternoon&quot; in Russian language?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14481" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-20T05:52:45.877" Score="5" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which &lt;strong&gt;on line dictionaries&lt;/strong&gt; is considered the best and accurate for &lt;strong&gt;English-Russian&lt;/strong&gt; (and vise versa) translations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google translate makes a lot of mistakes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastActivityDate="2017-05-21T05:37:11.350" Title="Which free on line dictionaries is considered the best for English-Russian (and vise versa) translations?" Tags="&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14480" CreationDate="2017-05-20T08:53:11.157" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вторая половина дня&lt;/strong&gt; is OK. &lt;strong&gt;In&lt;/strong&gt; the afternoon - &quot;&lt;strong&gt;во второй половине дня&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (this part of day usually excludes evening) or - in less formal context - &quot;&lt;strong&gt;днём&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (this just excludes morning and evening). &lt;em&gt;Пополудни&lt;/em&gt; is mainly used to specify time (functions as 'PM/p.m.'), e. g. &lt;strong&gt;в два часа пополудни&lt;/strong&gt; (at 2:00 PM).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-05-20T08:53:11.157" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14481" CreationDate="2017-05-20T10:05:07.883" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For terminology, I prefer (in order of descending reliability) &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru.wikipedia.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ru.wikipedia.org&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiktionary.org and&lt;/a&gt;, last but not least, &lt;a href=&quot;http://multitran.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;multitran.ru&lt;/a&gt; (I generally mistrust 'hive-mind platforms', though-- especially those in Russian language).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For corpus samples, I normally accept &lt;a href=&quot;http://linguee.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;linguee.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google.translate is often &lt;a href=&quot;https://tjournal.ru/43919-google-translate-goes-crazy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;funny&lt;/a&gt; (but it can be improved).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-05-20T11:11:39.817" LastActivityDate="2017-05-20T11:11:39.817" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14484" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-21T03:16:34.600" Score="5" ViewCount="208" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bRSOP.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bRSOP.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A friend of russian sent me a book and wrote sth on the last page on it, you know that the russian handwritting is hard to recongnize,would you please tell me the meaning of it please ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9027" LastActivityDate="2017-05-23T19:39:47.400" Title="What is the exact meaing of the russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-05-23T20:49:03.123" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14484" CreationDate="2017-05-21T05:28:36.333" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's '&lt;em&gt;With best wishes from Dmitry&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Di-yi-ma&lt;/em&gt; /in Chinese characters/)'. Original text: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С наилучшими пожеланиями от Дмитрия (迪已马).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2017-05-21T05:39:21.790" LastActivityDate="2017-05-21T05:39:21.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14484" CreationDate="2017-05-21T05:29:31.743" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your friend's name is Дмитрий. That's the last word &quot;от Дмитрия&quot;. The first two are &quot;С наилучшими пожеланиями от Дмитрия.&quot; Since the site doesn't provide translation services, I will stop here. Hope you can find out the meaning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-05-21T05:29:31.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14481" CreationDate="2017-05-21T05:37:11.350" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, I never use one dictionary. Lingvo-online.ru or lingvo.ua., wooordhunt.ru., dict.academic.ru.,multitran.ru. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-05-21T05:37:11.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14488" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-22T02:55:34.710" Score="8" ViewCount="358" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that &lt;strong&gt;на ней&lt;/strong&gt; in this context replaces &lt;strong&gt;на крючке&lt;/strong&gt;.  If so, why is the feminine pronoun &lt;strong&gt;она&lt;/strong&gt; substituted for the masculine noun &lt;strong&gt;крючок&lt;/strong&gt;?  Or, if not, what does &lt;strong&gt;на ней&lt;/strong&gt; replace?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4028" LastActivityDate="2017-05-23T05:49:30.917" Title="What is &quot;на ней&quot; in the sentence &quot;Посмотрели на крючок и увидели на ней рыбью губу&quot; appearing in Chekhov's short story &quot;Рыбья любовь&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14488" CreationDate="2017-05-22T03:29:24.373" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;That is a typo. Because some lines higher, you can find a masculine pronoun referred to крючок. It should be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1&amp;quot;и увидели на нём &amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.И, полный решимости, только слегка побледнев, он подплыл к крючку &lt;strong&gt;Соня&lt;/strong&gt; и взял его в рот.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is another typo in the same story. They are the author's typos.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А я подражаю дамам. Быть может даже, я сам дама и только скрываюсь под мужским псевдонимом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And after reading these lines, I am inclined to think he did it on purpose. Just as a stylistic device or literary device. Gender-play. He wrote this story as a parody on women's stories about nothing and included typos intentionally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-05-23T05:49:30.917" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11395" CreationDate="2017-05-22T06:30:46.420" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been trying (я старался) to answer this question myself over the years.  Here's what I came up with:-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я попробую = I will try - i.e. give it a go (проба = a trial, a sample)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я постараюсь = I will try - i.e. make an effort, be diligent (старание = diligence, effort)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я попытаюсь = I will try - i.e. give it everything, torture myself to do it (пытать = to torture)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9032" LastActivityDate="2017-05-22T06:30:46.420" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14488" CreationDate="2017-05-22T08:48:24.037" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My first thought also had been a possibility of a typo. But then, a typo would be corrected in later published versions of the tale.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because Russian shares a lot of features with topic languages, let's consider the context. And the context suggests some topics of gender ambiguity (which is more than just grammatical gender or just an occasional usage of masculine pro feminine). Cf:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;...полная тетя, прежде чем войти в воду, минут пять сидела на камне и, самодовольно поглаживая себя, говорила: «И в кого я такой слон [M] уродилась [F]? Даже глядеть страшно».&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the example of 'gender mismatch' is not just in the sentence you quote. Then, we see the example with the quote you gave:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Посмотрели на крючок [M] и увидели на ней [F] рыбью губу.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last, but not least, this 'gender mismatch' takes its crescendo in the following passage, wich can be read as a travesty of a travesty:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Безумный карась принял его за Соню Мамочкину, подплыл к нему и нежно поцеловал его в спину.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore my answer to your question together with a comment on a preceding answer would be as follows: the word &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ней&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; refers to a feminine noun &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;удочка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and it is a stylistical trait suggesting gender ambiguity (both in grammatical and social senses).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-05-22T08:48:24.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11395" CreationDate="2017-05-22T11:45:15.533" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to what has been said here, one can try (можно постараться) to come up with even less obligatory modalities. Both  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;стараться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пытаться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  can be regarded as verbs of indefinite commitment, though this semantical trait is not obvious. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Е.g. one can dodge obligations with phrases like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;посмотрим&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;подумаю&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;[смотря] по обстоятельствам&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;как пойдёт&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;как фишка / карта ляжет&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;как звёзды сложатся&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, any future forms with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be rendered as a future of uncertain modality (indefinite commitment).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="7239" LastEditDate="2017-05-25T12:13:00.710" LastActivityDate="2017-05-25T12:13:00.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14493" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-22T20:18:01.080" Score="2" ViewCount="138" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a number of nouns formed by prepending &lt;em&gt;само&lt;/em&gt; to the action that that thing does that are very common: &lt;em&gt;самолет&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;самовар&lt;/em&gt;. Other similar formations, like  &lt;em&gt;самодвижущийся&lt;/em&gt;, are uncommon. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there other examples of this pattern where a synonym with this prefix exists, but is not the most common way to refer to a noun? Is there any distinction that can be drawn between types of nouns that prefer the &lt;em&gt;само&lt;/em&gt;-prefixed synonym over those that don't (assuming both exist)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9035" LastEditorUserId="9035" LastEditDate="2017-05-22T21:10:11.483" LastActivityDate="2019-05-25T03:07:23.780" Title="Other nouns formed by prepending _само_ to an action" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;composite-nouns&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14493" CreationDate="2017-05-22T20:43:11.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To mention a few:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;гусли-самогуды&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самострел&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самопальный&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самокат&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самокрутка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самокритичность&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самодурство&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самомнение&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самоволка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самоход&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самоубийство&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самодвижущийся&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самореклама&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самопрезентация&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самодисциплина&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самовлюблённость&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самоуверенность&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самоуважение&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc. So if we take both 'noun' and 'adjective' as 'nouns' then yes, I think the nouns are more frequent, though we can produce from the list verbs like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самоуби(ва)ться,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самопрезенто(ва)ться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;самодурствовать,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; of which the latter is the most common and stylistically neutral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And nearly any word from the list above (which can still be added up with more items) can be transformed into an adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-05-22T21:02:04.063" LastActivityDate="2017-05-22T21:02:04.063" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14495" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14499" CreationDate="2017-05-23T14:25:43.420" Score="6" ViewCount="995" Body="&lt;p&gt;Можно ли использовать слово &quot;категорически&quot; во фразе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Надо категорически думать о смене поставщика.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В том смысле, что это должно выражать бескомпромиссность предложения, что бездействию не может быть оправдания?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt; @Taosique заметил, что вышеупомянутая фраза звучит косно. Возможно, более корректная, хотя смысл несколько другой (&quot;менять&quot;/&quot;думать о смене&quot;, хотя как можно менять и не подумать...):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Категорически надо менять поставщика.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или ещё такой вариант:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Категорически надо думать о смене поставщика.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5758" LastEditorUserId="5758" LastEditDate="2017-05-23T14:51:27.133" LastActivityDate="2017-05-24T14:21:10.037" Title="Можно ли использовать слово &quot;категорически&quot; во фразе &quot;надо категорически думать о...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14495" CreationDate="2017-05-23T14:57:06.463" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Поиск в корпусе русского языка показывает, что и комбинация &lt;a href=&quot;http://search2.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%ED%E0%E4%EE&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=%EA%E0%F2%E5%E3%EE%F0%E8%F7%E5%F1%EA%E8&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=1&amp;amp;lex3=&amp;amp;gramm3=V&amp;amp;sem3=&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem2&amp;amp;flags3=&amp;amp;m3=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Категорически + надо + глагол&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, и комбинация &lt;a href=&quot;http://search2.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%EA%E0%F2%E5%E3%EE%F0%E8%F7%E5%F1%EA%E8&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=%ED%E0%E4%EE&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=1&amp;amp;lex3=&amp;amp;gramm3=V&amp;amp;sem3=&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem2&amp;amp;flags3=&amp;amp;m3=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Надо + категорически + глагол&quot;&lt;/a&gt; используются крайне редко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гораздо более популярны структуры использующие синонимы слова &quot;категорически&quot;: &quot;решительно&quot;, &quot;безусловно&quot;. Я бы лично заменил &quot;категорически&quot; одним из синонимов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2017-05-23T14:57:06.463" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14484" CreationDate="2017-05-23T19:39:47.400" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;С наилучшими пожеланиями от Дмитрия  (迪已马)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9037" LastActivityDate="2017-05-23T19:39:47.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14498" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14507" CreationDate="2017-05-24T14:10:30.513" Score="4" ViewCount="342" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dictionaries I could find did not agree on whether the perfective form of the (imperfective) verb &lt;code&gt;курить&lt;/code&gt; is either: (i) &lt;code&gt;закурить&lt;/code&gt; or (ii) &lt;code&gt;покурить&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the correct perfective partner for &lt;code&gt;курить&lt;/code&gt;? Is it &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;закурить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;покурить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, or neither?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect that the answer might, in some sense, be neither, because both &lt;code&gt;закурить&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;покурить&lt;/code&gt; have &quot;imperfectivizations&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;закуривать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;покуривать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, respectively, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C#.D0.93.D0.B8.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BC.D1.8B&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;both of which are hyponyms&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;code&gt;курить&lt;/code&gt;. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hyponym&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Definition of hyponym&lt;/a&gt;, a word which I learned today -- &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;по-русски&lt;/a&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus one might expect that both &lt;code&gt;закурить&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;покурить&lt;/code&gt; would be hyponyms of a &quot;perfective partner of &lt;code&gt;курить&lt;/code&gt;&quot; if such a verb actually existed (it seems not to). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE-#Prefix_2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;perfective verbs formed by adding the prefix &lt;code&gt;по-&lt;/code&gt; sometimes are restricted to the specific meaning of &quot;a little, for a while&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, while &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%B0-#Prefix&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;perfective verbs formed by adding the prefix &lt;code&gt;за-&lt;/code&gt; sometimes are restricted to the specific meaning of &quot;to begin to&quot;&lt;/a&gt;. This appears to be the case for &lt;code&gt;покуривать/покурить&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;закуривать/закурить&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although I should add as a caveat that I am &lt;em&gt;assuming&lt;/em&gt; that &lt;code&gt;покуривать&lt;/code&gt; does correspond in meaning to &lt;code&gt;покурить&lt;/code&gt;, even though Wiktionary does not say this explicitly (it does say explicitly that the corresponding statement is true for &lt;code&gt;закуривать&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;закурить&lt;/code&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also since &lt;code&gt;покуривать&lt;/code&gt; is apparently colloquial, I may be misleading myself by considering it too much. (I.e. maybe &lt;code&gt;по-&lt;/code&gt; is just a perfectivizing prefix with &lt;em&gt;no&lt;/em&gt; specialization in meaning for &lt;code&gt;курить&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE-#Prefix_2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;definition 1&lt;/a&gt;), and those who use the colloquial term &lt;code&gt;покуривать&lt;/code&gt; &lt;em&gt;misunderstand&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE-#Prefix_2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;definition 3&lt;/a&gt;) the use of the &lt;code&gt;по-&lt;/code&gt; prefix for &lt;code&gt;курить&lt;/code&gt;, which maybe also explains why &lt;code&gt;покуривать&lt;/code&gt; has not become a formally accepted word.) Wiktionary does say that покуривать has &lt;em&gt;no&lt;/em&gt; perfective partner &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C#Derived_terms&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C#Verb&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/14316/what-is-the-difference-between-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F-and-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot;&gt;related previous question of mine&lt;/a&gt;. For &lt;code&gt;смеяться&lt;/code&gt;, the &lt;code&gt;по-&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;за-&lt;/code&gt; perfectivizing prefixes seem to have the same meaning as for &lt;code&gt;курить&lt;/code&gt;, yet nevertheless &lt;code&gt;посмеиваться&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;засмеиваться&lt;/code&gt; do not correspond in meaning to &lt;code&gt;посмеяться&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;засмеяться&lt;/code&gt; according to one of the answerers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="7239" LastEditDate="2017-05-24T14:20:01.540" LastActivityDate="2017-05-26T10:59:14.837" Title="What is the correct perfective partner for курить?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14495" CreationDate="2017-05-24T14:21:10.037" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Думаю, что нет. Посмотрел в Корпусе последние по времени 140 вхождений слова &lt;code&gt;категорически&lt;/code&gt;.  &lt;code&gt;Категорически думать&lt;/code&gt;, или &lt;code&gt;категорически намереваться&lt;/code&gt;, или чего-то эквивалентного по смыслу там нет.  Категорически можно: запрещать, отказываться, отвергать, требовать, быть против кого-либо или чего-либо. Также слово &quot;категорически&quot; часто употребляется с частицей или приставкой не, и один раз со словом &lt;code&gt;нет&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;code&gt;здесь что-то категорически не так&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;она категорически не умела&lt;/code&gt; и т. д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Изредка встречаются выражения, противоположные перечисленным: &lt;code&gt;категорически одобряю&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;категорически за&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В целом картина вырисовывается вот какая. Категорическими бывают: отношение к чему-то (отрицательное или, гораздо реже, положительное); выражение этого отношения (&lt;code&gt;категорически отрицаю&lt;/code&gt;); императивы (требования, запреты); что-то отрицательное (&lt;code&gt;категорически не умела&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;категорически не так&lt;/code&gt;).  Действия, кроме перечисленных, категорическими не бывают.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2017-05-24T14:21:10.037" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14498" CreationDate="2017-05-24T15:44:23.430" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Roughly speaking, everything said of смеяться &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/14318/2104&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; is true for курить. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Покуривать means to smoke once in a while, on and off. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Закуривать means 'to be in the process of lighting up (a cigarette)', the imperfective of закурить 'to light up (a cigarette)', 'to start smoking'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Прикурить means 'to light up a cigarette against someone else's lit up cigarette'. The imperfective is прикуривать, 'to be in the process of ...' You get the idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-05-24T22:12:56.053" LastActivityDate="2017-05-24T22:12:56.053" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14501" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14504" CreationDate="2017-05-24T20:51:58.637" Score="13" ViewCount="603" Body="&lt;p&gt;While studying Russian, I encountered two words which both seem to translate to '(he/she/it) moves' or '(he/she/it) is moving': двигается and движется. Some Internet research (e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;http://difficulties.academic.ru/44&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt; which I can barely read) showed me that they're both conjugations of двигаться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference between them at all? If yes, in which situations should I prefer one over the other? And are there more words with a similar characteristic?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6350" LastActivityDate="2017-06-04T19:16:49.577" Title="Difference between двигается and движется" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14501" CreationDate="2017-05-24T23:28:00.067" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indeed both words &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;двигается&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;движется&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; have the same meaning - &amp;quot;to move&amp;quot;. Here is a rule of thumb that works 90% of the time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATED:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you speak of body movement, or movement of body parts, you can use either form. However, they may differ in meaning. &lt;strong&gt;Двигается&lt;/strong&gt; focuses on movement of body limbs. &lt;strong&gt;Движется&lt;/strong&gt; focuses on movement in space.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Танцор двигается как робот. / Танцор движется по площадке. &lt;em&gt;A dancer moves as a robot. / A dancer moves on podium.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хищник бесшумно двигается. / Хищник движется по лесу. &lt;em&gt;A predator moves silently. / A predator moves through the woods&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you speak of inanimate objects, use the form &lt;strong&gt;движется&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поезд движется к станции. &lt;em&gt;A train runs towards station.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Машины движутся по шоссе.  &lt;em&gt;Cars are running on a highway.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-05-25T14:50:15.790" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14501" CreationDate="2017-05-25T04:54:12.257" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb двигаться belongs to the group of избыточные глаголы. They have parallel forms in the present tense, in the imperative, and participles and деепричастия. These forms can differ stylistically and in meaning. &#xA;The verb двигаться has got the following meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Находиться в движении, перемещаться, направляться. –To be on the move, in the process of moving. Both forms are used.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На Москву движется /двигается ураган. Нефтяное пятно движется/двигается  в сторону Испании.&#xA;   В Японское море со скоростью 45 метров в секунду движется тайфун «Чатаан» &#xA;  Мы движемся / двигаемся в ногу со временем &#xA;   Автомобиль движется / двигается (= перемещается, передвигается) быстрее поезда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Трогаться в путь, отправляться.To start movement, depart. Only двигается &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пора двигаться в дорогу;&#xA;  Машина двигается с места; Поезд двигается в путь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Шевелиться (слегка двигаться), изменять положение тела. To move a little, to change the position of the body. Both forms are used.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Руки фокусника движутся / двигаются с необыкновенной быстротой. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Обладать способностью движения. To be able to move, can move. Only двигаются &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ноги не двигаются (не может ступить, идти куда-нибудь); Экспериментальный поезд двигается без машиниста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Перен. содействовать развитию чего-либо, побуждать, руководить. figurative (about non-material nouns) : To help development, to evoke, to lead. Only движется.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Поиск ответа на этот сложнейший вопрос движет развитие современной биологии.  Научная мысль движется все быстрее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When both forms are possible, двигается is preferred. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-05-25T10:28:54.270" LastActivityDate="2017-05-25T10:28:54.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14501" CreationDate="2017-05-25T14:00:26.013" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the nuances listed above, the difference is, roughly, that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;двигается&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; means 'to move at one's own position or place' and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;движется&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; means 'to move as related to some other position or place'. See the above examples with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;медведь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and also cf:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дело двигается с мёртвой точки.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = emphasis on beginning of the action, the situation and its change;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дело движется с мёртвой точки.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = emphasis on targeted goal of the action&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-05-25T14:00:26.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14498" CreationDate="2017-05-25T14:07:04.340" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The trick is that Russian perfective conveys much more aspects than just perfectiveness/imperfectiveness, and therefore, as opposed to Germanic languages,  multiple versions of perfective prefixes are possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, the closest substitute for Germanic / Occidental perfectives would be &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;вы-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;до-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) for the verb in its transitional and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (as a perfective prefix 'by default') in its intransitional sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Она выкурила сигарету / папиросу / самокрутку / цигарку / сигару / трубку / кальян / косяк.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он покурил.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-05-25T14:07:04.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14498" CreationDate="2017-05-26T10:59:14.837" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think every verb with a prefix mentioned above has its own pair &quot;perfective -imperfective&quot; and that's the main drawback.  Consider the pairs : выкурить – выкуривать, закурить – закуривать, прикурить – прикуривать, покурить – покуривать, докурить– докуривать, etc. &#xA;So what about курить? It doesn't have a prefix. It is imperfective. If we are looking for a perfective form,  there shouldn't be any prefix either. That would be logical. The pair is the following &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Курить – курнуть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;― Вовк. Дай курнуть! (И что за удовольствие ловить на мушку?) [Владимир Маканин. Кавказский пленный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бормотание прекратилось, потом Великий закряхтел, распрямляясь (к дождю у него по-прежнему ломило поясницу), и шагнул к нам. ― Табачку курнуть, ― сказал он. ― Ох, и препроклятое это дело… прав был батюшка, когда на улицах курить не велел… себе вред, иным соблазн… [Андрей Лазарчук, Михаил Успенский. Посмотри в глаза чудовищ (1996)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Клубится ленивый дымок. Прохор вышел на воздух курнуть. Звездный свет закрыт тучами. [В. Я. Шишков. Угрюм-река. Ч. 5-8 (1913-1932)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-05-26T10:59:14.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14508" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-27T11:17:19.363" Score="7" ViewCount="268" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I can tell &lt;code&gt;добраться&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;to get to (somewhere/place)&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, since it's a reflexive verb, in order to take an additional &quot;object&quot;, it needs to have a preposition following it. (Unless one has a special-purpose adverb, as in the case of &lt;code&gt;добраться домой&lt;/code&gt;). It is unclear to me which preposition is better used here, &lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;до&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, &lt;code&gt;добраться к&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;добраться до&lt;/code&gt; both seem to be synonymous to me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; Which is better to use: &lt;code&gt;добраться к&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;добраться до&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The choice of whether to use &lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;до&lt;/code&gt; does not seem to depend on the type of destination. I have seen both &lt;code&gt;добраться к нам&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;добраться до нас&lt;/code&gt; to mean &quot;to reach us/arrive at where we are&quot;, i.e. for arriving at a place defined by some person/people's presence there. I have also seen both used for arriving at a place defined intrinsically, i.e. by name but not by a person's presence or absence there, e.g. &lt;code&gt;добраться к аэропорту&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;добраться до аэропорта&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Compare: &lt;code&gt;Она ходила к нам, поэтому она была у нас&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Она ходила в аэропорт, поэтому она была в аэропорту&lt;/code&gt; -- the different types of locations demand different prepositions.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;добраться&lt;/code&gt; is new to me, and I don't think it is as likely that I will use it correctly in the future if I don't learn it with a corresponding preposition. But I am not sure which phrase would be better to put on my flash cards: &lt;code&gt;добраться к&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;добраться до&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2017-05-28T13:07:44.563" Title="Which is better to use: &quot;добраться к&quot; or &quot;добраться до&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14501" CreationDate="2017-05-27T13:22:50.610" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Двигается has a wider meaning. It may mean moving one's limbs or jerk, while движется means moving in a direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Танк двигается means the tank is moving its turret, or somehow showing motion in another way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Танк движется means the tank is driving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-06-04T19:16:49.577" LastActivityDate="2017-06-04T19:16:49.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14508" CreationDate="2017-05-27T22:19:58.260" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The exact semantic difference eludes me but one thing is for sure: &lt;strong&gt;добраться до&lt;/strong&gt; is 30 times as frequent as &lt;strong&gt;добраться к&lt;/strong&gt; according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruscorpora.ru&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ruscorpora.ru&lt;/a&gt;. So use &lt;strong&gt;до&lt;/strong&gt; and you'll be right 30:1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-05-27T22:19:58.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14508" CreationDate="2017-05-28T09:14:53.477" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;By default and when required, a verb with a prefix is used in a same-topic utterance with an existing modern preposition similar to a prefix (unless semantics and/or usage require it to be otherwise). Not sure if with works with inanimate complements only or otherwise:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Зайти за деньгами.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Набрести на клад.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Довести до ума.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With your examples, both options are correct, but there are some different nuances of meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;к нам&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; means spatially a location 'where we are' in a sense similar to the French &lt;em&gt;'chez nous'&lt;/em&gt; (a place where we abide and which is ours);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;до нас&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; means spatially a location 'where we are' in a sense 'a place where we are located now and which is not ours'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This difference seems to work with animate compliments only. E. g. one cannot say about inanimate complements * &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;'дойти к двери'&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or * '&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;дойти к городу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;' (but the rare or possible usage of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;дойти + к&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can also be explained by the aforementioned nuances as well). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-05-28T13:07:44.563" LastActivityDate="2017-05-28T13:07:44.563" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14512" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-28T09:41:44.523" Score="10" ViewCount="351" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://emptyprefixes.uit.no/pedagogical_eng.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Foreign learners are often taught that Russian verbs always come in aspectual pairs&lt;/a&gt;, with the perfective verb formed from the imperfective verb either by changing the stem or adding a prefix. The two verbs are supposed to be synonymous in every way, except that one is perfective and the other is imperfective. If the perfective verb is formed from the imperfective verb by adding a prefix, the fact that the two are synonymous means that the prefix must be &quot;semantically empty&quot;, i.e. have no meaning or effect on the meaning of the word, and just denote that the verb is perfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; Do such verbs actually exist? In other words, are there perfective verbs formed by adding a prefix to an imperfective verb, for which the prefix &lt;em&gt;does not mean anything&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One example that is commonly given is писать and написать. However, some authors argue that even in these cases the prefix isn't actually semantically neutral, but that it &quot;overlaps&quot; with the meaning of the original imperfective verb in such a way that it de facto doesn't affect the meaning. A monograph detailing this hypothesis can be found &lt;a href=&quot;https://slavica.indiana.edu/bookListings/linguistics/Why_Russian_Aspectual_Prefixes_Aren%27t_Empty&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://muse.jhu.edu/book/25198&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So ideally an answer to this question would in part address the answerer's opinion about the validity of the &quot;overlap hypothesis&quot;. I.e. whether it makes more sense as a learner to focus on &quot;aspectual pairs&quot; as opposed to more general &quot;aspectual clusters&quot; (for which there might not be a one-to-one correspondence between imperfective and perfective verbs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; (totally unnecessary to read, unless you're really curious)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Thinking about this question was motivated by &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/14400/7239&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt; to another question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That answer mentions biaspectual verbs, which challenge to some extent the idea of Russian verbs as always belong to aspectual pairs. On the other hand, most research shows that the majority of biaspectual verbs are foreign borrowings, so the argument could be made that most simply have not been present in the language long enough to develop full aspectual characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, what seems to me even more problematic to the aspectual partner model are imperfective verbs which don't have a single &quot;all-encompassing&quot; perfective partner. Instead there exist multiple perfective versions, each formed by adding a different prefix, and with a different meaning. I have asked at least two questions already on this site about these verbs, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/14498/what-is-the-correct-perfective-partner-for-%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (курить) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/14316/what-is-the-difference-between-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F-and-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (смеяться), which also motivates in large part this question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such verbs can be interpreted somewhat so as to rectify the aspectual partner model, namely by interpreting the imperfective verb as actually being biaspectual, and forming imperfectivizations from each of its various hyponymous perfectivizations, and interpreting each resulting imperfective/perfective pair as a derived aspectual pairs. However, as with the examples of посмеиваться and засмеиваться, this interpretation seems somewhat forced, since the imperfectivizations are often rarely to never used or don't have the same original meaning as the perfective verbs they were supposed to be derived from. See also &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/9367/old-dead-or-nonexistent-imperfectives-of-some-verbs&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The linguist Janda writes, for example &lt;a href=&quot;http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:gi43csLZWoEJ:www.unc.edu/~lajanda/divjakvolume.doc%20&amp;amp;cd=3&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ct=clnk&amp;amp;gl=us&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, that Russian verbs are more naturally interpreted as belonging to &quot;aspectual clusters&quot; than &quot;aspectual partnerships&quot;, in contradiction to the grammar usually taught to foreign learners. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The biggest seeming counterexample to such an idea are those imperfective verbs who, unlike the examples of курить and смеяться mentioned above, form perfective verbs using so-called &quot;empty prefixes&quot;, i.e. prefixes devoid of any semantic content, but just signal that the verb is to have the perfective aspect instead of the imperfective aspect. For example, писать and написать. Such examples seem to also be the greatest motivation behind the &quot;aspectual pair&quot; model usually taught to foreign learners, since the model works most neatly and cleanly for such verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to explain this, Janda and others have advanced the &quot;overlap hypothesis&quot;, which claims that most, if not all, of so-called &quot;empty prefixes&quot; for perfectivizing verbs actually &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; have semantic content -- it is just that the semantic content of the prefix &quot;overlaps&quot; with the meaning of the original imperfective verb in such a way that it does not restrict the meaning of the resulting perfective verb, i.e. leads to a synonymous rather than hyponymous verb, despite &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; being semantically void/empty. They have written about this in a monograph explained in detail &lt;a href=&quot;http://emptyprefixes.uit.no/book.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, with some explanation of the methodology found &lt;a href=&quot;http://emptyprefixes.uit.no/methodology_eng.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Other sources explaining the hypothesis: &lt;a href=&quot;http://munin.uit.no/bitstream/handle/10037/5581/article.pdf?sequence=3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00806765.2012.740247?journalCode=ssla20&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/33418512_The_semantics_of_the_so-called_empty_prefix_vy-_in_natural_perfective_verbs_in_the_Russian_language&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More related questions: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/2159/do-russian-prefixes-embody-event-structures&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/11745/the-concept-behind-prefixes-verbs-in-the-russian-language&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2017-05-30T08:26:54.840" Title="Are there truly &quot;empty&quot; perfectivizing prefixes in Russian? (aspectual clusters versus aspectual pairs)" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14513" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-28T11:32:12.687" Score="6" ViewCount="280" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I am бел&lt;strong&gt;ый&lt;/strong&gt; человек and my wife is бел&lt;strong&gt;ая&lt;/strong&gt; and наше молоко бел&lt;strong&gt;ое&lt;/strong&gt;...  This much I think I understand quite well!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But with готов I am mystified. Я готов and my wife, готова and the milk, not готов&lt;strong&gt;ое&lt;/strong&gt; but merely готов&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;.  She says готов is not an adjective but something else... so can someone kindly explain to me what part of speech &quot;готов&quot; is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7402" LastEditorUserId="7402" LastEditDate="2017-05-30T11:42:23.280" LastActivityDate="2017-05-30T14:17:00.123" Title="Help me understand why &quot;молоко готово&quot; and not &quot;молоко готовое&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14513" CreationDate="2017-05-28T12:51:58.667" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Гото́в, гото́ва, гото́во, гото́вы&lt;/strong&gt; are short forms of the adjective &lt;strong&gt;гото́вый&lt;/strong&gt;. Short forms are used mainly as the predicate in a sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Снег бел. - The snow is white. (бе́лый)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты уве́рен? - Are you sure? (уве́ренный)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты прав. - You are right. (пра́вый)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some adjectives are only used in their short forms: &lt;strong&gt;рад&lt;/strong&gt; (glad), &lt;strong&gt;до́лжен&lt;/strong&gt; (must).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-05-28T12:51:58.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14513" CreationDate="2017-05-28T12:57:21.820" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Готов / готова/готово/ готовы are short forms of adjectives (готовый, -ая, -ое, -ые). Full forms are used attributively, describing a noun. Short forms are used predicatively. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;готовое платье (a ready-made dress), платье готово (the dress is ready).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-05-28T12:57:21.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14513" CreationDate="2017-05-28T13:26:21.593" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Semantically, this form is a cross-breed between an adjective and a participle. Some centuries ago all adjectives used to have both shortened and elongated forms, now this system is less regular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can face the same difference with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;нужен, должен, уверен, рад, прав,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; etc. They are not exactly participles nor adjectives, but a cross-breed of a kind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The shortened forms (in Neutrum) are used in a one-word sentence, e. g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Можно?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = Can [I]?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нужно?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = [Is it] necessary? [Does [someone / the speaker / the addressee]] have to?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Готово!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = [It's] ready! Done!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;готово&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;готовое&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is that the shortened form used as a kind of perfective (a completed action and/or quality related to a moment of speech), whilest an elongated form refers to an abstract quality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-05-30T12:09:35.607" LastActivityDate="2017-05-30T12:09:35.607" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14512" CreationDate="2017-05-28T15:16:32.203" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, first of all, there is a bunch of dual-aspect verbs, i.e. perfective and imperfective at the same time. See, for example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiktionary:Двувидовые глаголы&lt;/a&gt;. They are prefixless, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next, there are some perfective verbs which do not add anything to the meaning of its imperfective pair, except the completeness of the action. The most obvious example, in my opinion, is &lt;em&gt;делать&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;сделать&lt;/em&gt; (and, yes, &lt;em&gt;с&lt;/em&gt; is a prefix here).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the existence (or non-existence) of such &quot;neutral&quot; verb doesn't change anything about the ability to produce &quot;specialized&quot; perfective versions. Say, &lt;em&gt;поделать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;заделать&lt;/em&gt; are nothing worse than &lt;em&gt;покурить&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;закурить&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the answer is yes, if we really need an &quot;empty&quot; perfective verb then some of its prefixed form may take such part as well. But &quot;an aspectual cluster&quot;, or whatever you may call it, still exists, while &quot;an aspectual pair&quot;, in my opinion, might only be a special case of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In order to explain this, Janda and others have advanced the &quot;overlap hypothesis&quot;, which claims that most, if not all, of so-called &quot;empty prefixes&quot; for perfectivizing verbs actually do have semantic content&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, that seems reasonable, as an &quot;empty&quot; prefix may also be &quot;non-empty&quot; when &quot;pasted&quot; to a different verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-05-28T15:16:32.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14333" CreationDate="2017-05-28T21:50:37.927" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Болен can be used as a noun to mean illness. It's also used as a short-form adjective (Он болен. Она больна.) We would translate он заболел as he got sick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9051" LastActivityDate="2017-05-28T21:50:37.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14520" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-29T01:27:14.953" Score="7" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any rule in Russian on how to put stresses on last names in conjugation, precisely in Accusative? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the right way of saying: про Ш&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;рия or про Шари&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It looked logical to me that since &quot;-я&quot; is merely an ending of Accusative and is not found in the base form (Nominative) &quot;Шарий&quot;, the stress should remain on the letter, which is not an ending (&quot;Камар&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;в&quot; - &quot;про Камар&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;ва&quot;, &quot;Г&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;сев&quot; - &quot;про Г&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;сева&quot;, &quot;П&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;тин&quot; - &quot;про П&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;тина&quot;, &quot;Жегл&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;в&quot; - &quot;про Жегл&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;ва&quot;); however, the owner of this last name has recently claimed that the right way is &quot;про Шари&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PsSERuc_tnc&amp;amp;t=118s&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PsSERuc_tnc&amp;amp;t=118s&lt;/a&gt;), which surprised me quite a lot.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-29T08:10:23.870" LastActivityDate="2017-05-29T21:57:18.547" Title="&quot;Про Шария&quot; - где ставить ударение?" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14520" CreationDate="2017-05-29T05:56:03.440" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, a personal name often retains its initial stress position. A stress position depends largely on a 'country of origin' of a personal name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule works also with loan words, e.g. a lot of personal Latin or latinized names retain their initial position of a stressed syllable, which, for most -&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ий&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-ending two-syllable words of anciet origin, is a first one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кáссий - о Кáссии / про Кáссия&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дáрий - о Дáрии / про Дáрия&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Клáвдий - о Клáвдии / про Клáвдия&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the surname &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87#.D0.A1.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.8C.D1.8F_.D0.BE_.D0.BF.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.BE.D1.84.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.85&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Шарий&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a Ukrainian one with a stressed &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and is thus close to Russian adjectives of the types &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;вторóй, малóй, литóй, святóй&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The shift from o to i seems to be typical archaic trait for Ukrainian as a proof for Balto-German-Slavic proto-unity).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, an owner of a name should be given a priority in defining its stress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct form is therefore &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;про ШарИя&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-05-29T09:37:19.110" LastActivityDate="2017-05-29T09:37:19.110" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14520" CreationDate="2017-05-29T05:57:20.810" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there are plenty of Russian names and common words where the stress shifts to the ending in Accusative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Карамзи́н – Карамзина́&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Зализня́к – Зализняка́&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Гришкове́ц – Гришковца́ (with the fleeting vowel &lt;em&gt;-e-&lt;/em&gt; dropped)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;кузне́ц – кузнеца́ ('blacksmith')&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;врач – врача́ ('doctor')&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бегу́н – бегуна́ ('runner')&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;коро́ль – короля́ ('king')&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;кома́р – комара́ ('mosquito')&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;лев – льва́ ('lion', with the fleeting &lt;em&gt;-е-&lt;/em&gt; dropped and &lt;em&gt;-ь-&lt;/em&gt; inserted)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;орёл – орла́ ('eagle', with the fleeting &lt;em&gt;-ё-&lt;/em&gt; dropped)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Христо́с – Христа́ (with &lt;em&gt;-ос&lt;/em&gt; dropped which is a feature unique to this word).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that all words above have stress on the last syllable in Nominative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What's the right way of saying: про Ш&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;рия or про Шари&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently, the guy prefers to be called Шар&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;й. In this case the rules of Russian stress do allow a shift to the ending (буга́й - бугая́). And yes, there are rules in the placement of Russian stress, it is not completely random: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3H3ynNOoGiA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3H3ynNOoGiA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-05-29T21:57:18.547" LastActivityDate="2017-05-29T21:57:18.547" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14512" CreationDate="2017-05-29T08:00:08.803" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Complicated question. I read, that linguists even haven different opinion on whether it is correct to consider perfective and imperfective verbs as different forms of the same verb or as different verbs with some similar meaning...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think for beginner learners &quot;aspectual pairs&quot; are much more relevant. They need to understand situations in which they use this or that aspect, as well as to learn a big list of new words (perfectives). If you offer them &quot;clusters&quot; it will just make too much mess for them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although, for some verbs (from my point of view) there is sense to learn several (but not all) variants from the beginning (for example: говорить - поговорить/сказать), as they are quite common: Я поговорил с врачом. Он сказал, что теперь я здоров. Or &quot;я уже поел&quot; vs. &quot;я съел пиццу&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, prefixes often have some meaning, but we often have other imperfective pairs for these ones.&#xA;писать - на&lt;strong&gt;писать&lt;/strong&gt;, приписывать - при&lt;strong&gt;писать&lt;/strong&gt;, переписывать - пере&lt;strong&gt;писать&lt;/strong&gt;, дописывать - до&lt;strong&gt;писать&lt;/strong&gt;, выписывать - вы&lt;strong&gt;писать&lt;/strong&gt;, вписывать - в&lt;strong&gt;писать&lt;/strong&gt;, записывать - за&lt;strong&gt;писать&lt;/strong&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clusters are good for advanced learners to better understand these different meanings, to make their speech richer. For beginners it will just be a shock, while in most situations they can express their idea with just писать or написать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8034" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-30T08:26:54.840" LastActivityDate="2017-05-30T08:26:54.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14524" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14536" CreationDate="2017-05-29T17:07:46.413" Score="4" ViewCount="403" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used to speak with a Russian speaker and she used to repeat something 3 times after she said something bad, it sounded like &quot;steraï steraï steraï&quot;.&#xA;If you see what I'm talking about, can you help me writing it in Russian ? Thanks a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9054" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-01T12:27:56.253" LastActivityDate="2017-10-26T12:55:02.970" Title="Expression that means &quot;sorry&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="19" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14524" CreationDate="2017-05-30T11:07:12.127" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It could be the superstitional &quot;тьфу-тьфу-тьфу&quot;, or even &quot;чур-чур-чур&quot; as in &quot;чур меня&quot;, both often accompanied by spitting over one's left shoulder. The first option is more common to encounter, while the second one matches the pronunciation better, but, nevertheless, both have been traditionally aimed at protecting the speaker against unholy forces.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-05-30T11:15:52.117" LastActivityDate="2017-05-30T11:15:52.117" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14524" CreationDate="2017-05-30T11:33:51.553" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A hypothesis: it could be &lt;strong&gt;про&lt;/strong&gt;(&lt;strong&gt;сти&lt;/strong&gt;, про)(&lt;strong&gt;сти&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;про&lt;/strong&gt;)сти (forgive, forgive, forgive), where the unstressed &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; sounds like &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-05-30T11:33:51.553" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14527" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-05-30T12:48:54.460" Score="8" ViewCount="441" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a slang English phrase &quot;young blood&quot; which can be used in place of &quot;you&quot;.  When a person speaks to someone who is significantly younger, and wants to indicate that something this younger person did or is in the act of doing is immature and nonsensical, they can address the younger person as &quot;young blood&quot;.  Typically this phrase implies that the two people don't know each other intimately, like a parent and their child.  Watch up to 3:06 of &quot;Uncle Drew: Part 1&quot; on youtube for example use cases of &quot;young blood&quot;.  How would you say &quot;young blood&quot; in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7945" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-30T13:22:43.240" LastActivityDate="2020-03-01T19:34:38.060" Title="Как сказать &quot;young blood&quot; по-русски?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14527" CreationDate="2017-05-30T13:22:19.287" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the level of how harsh ones want to sound. If the intention is just to indicate that somebody is too young and incompetent but by no means to offend, then &lt;code&gt;молодо-зелено&lt;/code&gt; will be the best choice, like in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эх, молодо-зелено, ты бы научился сначала токарным станком пользоваться, а потом уж лез. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If speaker doesn't care too much about being offensive, &lt;code&gt;щенок&lt;/code&gt; (pl. щенки; literally, a puppy), &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;молокосос&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (pl. молокососы, literally; a milk-sucker) or &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;сопляк&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; can be used.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there's (quite rude) &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;phrase&lt;/a&gt; &lt;code&gt;молоко на губах не обсохло&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in you case I'd rather go with &lt;code&gt;молодёжь&lt;/code&gt;, like in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эх, молодёжь, ну что, сразимся?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is used exactly when you are slightly ironical but actually friendly.&#xA;Also, sometimes it's stressed differently - &lt;code&gt;мóлодежь&lt;/code&gt; just to sound bit more ironical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One thing for sure - you should never ever try to translated it literally, since &quot;молодая кровь&quot; (or &quot;свежая кровь&quot;) in Russian means something almost exactly different. It's about some fresh power, some younger and healthier forces that community needs to continue to evolve.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-30T18:02:59.320" LastActivityDate="2017-05-30T18:02:59.320" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14513" CreationDate="2017-05-30T14:11:59.253" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd hope to add a &quot;thumb rule&quot; here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a meme pattern there, &quot;Long cat is long&quot;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=longcat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=longcat&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;How should we tell it in Russian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The direct translation would be &quot;Длинный кот - длинный&quot;, (with dash substituting for omitted есть/is verb) but that is quite unnatural, spelling that makes me stress my tongue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then we can repeat ourselves, switching to complex sentences: &quot; Длинный кот, он - длинный&quot; ~ &quot;(speaking of a) Long cat, it is long&quot;. Which is more verbose but in my opinion is easier to let out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically this is translated as &quot;Длинный кот - такой длинный&quot; aka &quot;Long cat is so long&quot;, but that conveys a significantly different mood, I think.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And to my opinion, the most easy to say and most faithful to the language way would be using short adjectives: &quot;Длинный кот длиннен&quot; with the last word fusing two words &quot;is long&quot; in it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also another domain: obsolete language idioms, stemming from Middle Ages folklore. Example a semi-rhymed puzzle: &quot;Красна девица // сидит в темнице, // а коса - на улице&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this example the old idiom &quot;красна девица&quot; is naturally spelled with short adjective. Full adjective and modern word - &quot;красная девушка&quot; - can potentially confuse your listeners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;На миру и смерть красна&quot; is another example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wiki says old Slavic language only had short adjectives, and the full adjectives were developed in Russian language later when it forked from Pra-Slavic family. Perhaps it is true, when I hear other Slavic languages (Serbian, Polish, etc) it seems ot me they exactly only use short adjectives :-D&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2017-05-30T14:17:00.123" LastActivityDate="2017-05-30T14:17:00.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14530" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14534" CreationDate="2017-05-31T05:05:09.007" Score="3" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm using Pimsleur to teach myself Russian and I've had &quot;skol'ko ya dolzhen&quot; stuck in my head. I can't remember what lesson I heard it in. All I know is that &quot;skol'ko&quot; means &quot;how much.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know what I'm talking about? I'm not great at the Cyrillic alphabet so I don't know how to properly type it, and if I did I could just put it into Google translate and solve all my problems!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9063" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-05-31T16:37:03.520" LastActivityDate="2017-05-31T19:51:42.340" Title="What does &quot;skol'ko ya dolzhen&quot; mean (I'm not sure how to spell this using the Cyrillic alphabet)?" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14531" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14533" CreationDate="2017-05-31T10:44:55.603" Score="10" ViewCount="11449" Body="&lt;p&gt;Известно, что после тренировки, особенно после длительной паузы, мышцы несколько дней болят. Как называется это явление? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ребята, я с вами не выйду гулять. У меня ??? после тренировки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="104" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T17:23:51.573" Title="Как называется боль в мышцах после тренировки?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14527" CreationDate="2017-05-31T10:46:10.807" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;сынок&lt;/code&gt; - is very close, especially, when there is no family ties at all. But it is a little bit &lt;em&gt;offensive&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;Example: &lt;code&gt;учись, сынок, папа покажет&lt;/code&gt; ≈ &lt;code&gt;look, young blood, daddy show you how to do it&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6319" LastEditorUserId="6319" LastEditDate="2017-05-31T23:04:28.297" LastActivityDate="2017-05-31T23:04:28.297" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14531" CreationDate="2017-05-31T10:51:25.383" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я не знаю, насколько это слово корректно с научной, медицинской точки зрения, но в разговорной речи очень часто используется слово &lt;a href=&quot;http://sportwiki.to/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;крепатура&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - так  называют любые болезненные ощущения после большой физической нагрузки. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-05-31T13:20:35.480" LastActivityDate="2017-05-31T13:20:35.480" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14530" CreationDate="2017-05-31T19:51:42.340" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сколько я должен? &lt;em&gt;[skol'ko ya dolzhen]&lt;/em&gt; &#xA;It means &quot;How much do I owe you?&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the Pimsleur course this phrase should appear at lesson №10-15.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9065" LastActivityDate="2017-05-31T19:51:42.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14531" CreationDate="2017-06-01T20:01:13.807" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ребята, я с вами не выйду гулять. У меня миалгия после тренировки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так называют это явление врачи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9037" LastActivityDate="2017-06-01T20:01:13.807" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14524" CreationDate="2017-06-01T20:08:32.627" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;steraï steraï steraï or &lt;code&gt;Стирай, Стирай, Стирай&lt;/code&gt; I think she wants you to erase something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9037" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-10-26T12:55:02.970" LastActivityDate="2017-10-26T12:55:02.970" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14537" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-02T05:54:33.597" Score="1" ViewCount="199" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Y8YPe.png&quot; alt=&quot;Zhe&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NvxX9.png&quot; alt=&quot;Zhe&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could this be a Ж?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two hundred years ago a young, literate Russian immigrant to Mexico claimed his cattle &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestock_branding&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;brand&lt;/a&gt;. Usually these were just Latin letters, with some flourish or packed together, or else a couple of lines and curves combined into a small fanciful figure. We have the above rude images, redrawn an unknown number of times, from a younger &lt;a href=&quot;http://library.ucsc.edu/sites/default/files/Cattle%20Brand%20Images_0.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;record&lt;/a&gt; at the state capital.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This brand doesn't stand out much unless you think it looks like being a Ж and an inside joke by the only Russian speaker in the community. I know the Ж is not usually written quite this way, but it's hard for me to exclude the possibility that it be one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could Ж in some way relate to livestock, or to his immigrant status? Other suggested interpretations are more than welcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastActivityDate="2017-06-02T05:54:33.597" Title="&quot;Ж&quot; as a Mexican cattle brand" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="9" ClosedDate="2017-06-02T06:59:17.827" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14524" CreationDate="2017-06-02T08:53:32.463" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It could be &quot;стирай&quot; indeed. All people are different and have their own, so to speak, traditions. Some people say &quot;тьфу-тьфу-тьфу&quot;, some people prefer to use the phrase &quot;типун мне на язык&quot;, maybe she likes to say &quot;стирай&quot; when she wants to &quot;erase&quot; some bad thoughts and statements so they don't come true. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9071" LastActivityDate="2017-06-02T08:53:32.463" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14527" CreationDate="2017-06-02T10:16:52.783" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess, the most neutral word is the adjective &lt;code&gt;зелёный&lt;/code&gt; (green). I would use it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он совсем ещё зелёный!&lt;/code&gt; - Mean, he doesn't have enough experience!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say even it to a person you don't know well:&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Какой же вы/ты ещё зелёный!&lt;/code&gt; Or &lt;code&gt;Вы /ты ещё совсем зелёный.&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't sound offensive or so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8034" LastActivityDate="2017-06-02T10:16:52.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14541" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14542" CreationDate="2017-06-02T17:47:22.787" Score="8" ViewCount="493" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the below image, the two characters underlined don't seem to have a match in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME_Character_Map&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;character map program&lt;/a&gt; I'm using:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DXTvp.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DXTvp.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest matches I can find are п and д, respectively.  Are these indeed the matches, and if so, are those in the image perhaps archaic, obsolete, or simply an alternate form of those letters?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. This text was the heading to a music score of Sergei Rachmaninoff's famous &lt;a href=&quot;http://imslp.org/wiki/Special:ReverseLookup/252092&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Prelude in C♯ Minor&lt;/a&gt;, Op. 3 No. 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9073" LastActivityDate="2017-06-04T06:06:04.340" Title="Alternate shapes of cyrillic letters?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14541" CreationDate="2017-06-02T18:00:55.070" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word prelude &quot;прелюдия&quot; is printed with an older font.  Hence glyphs are slightly different from the modern fonts.  In the future you can check such glyphs against the table of &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0#.D0.90.D0.B7.D0.B1.D1.83.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D0.BA.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.86.D1.8B&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Old Cyrillic alphabet&lt;/a&gt;. Just keep in mind that many letters from the old alphabet are obsolete now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, you can pick a font in the character map program on your system that has &quot;Old&quot;, or &quot;Antiqua&quot; in its name.  It may have similar glyphs. For example, &quot;Bookman Old Style&quot; does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-06-02T18:09:23.570" LastActivityDate="2017-06-02T18:09:23.570" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8671" CreationDate="2017-06-02T19:46:02.527" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The bulgarian is the closest slavic language to russian so if you want to start russian for a second language you can try bulgarian.(Of course you can say the bulgarian is the closest one if you seperate the ukrainian and belarussian but they both originate from big mother Russia so if you learn one of those first you are basically 80-90% there otherwise if you want to study something not as simillar as russian try bulgarian it's 40-50% alike)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9074" LastActivityDate="2017-06-02T19:46:02.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14544" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-03T10:03:14.513" Score="7" ViewCount="236" Body="&lt;p&gt;Don't play with fire, it is dangerous!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Не играть с огонём, это опаснаый! (This was what I translated.) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Не играй с огнём, это опасно! (This was from a native speaker.) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How did играть (I believe this is a nominative case) becomes играй?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is there any different between these two spellings, огонём &amp;amp; огнём? Why one of them is correct? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How did опаснаый (nominative case?) becomes опасно? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9076" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-04-01T22:02:59.787" LastActivityDate="2018-04-01T22:02:59.787" Title="Russian Cases, Grammar &amp; огонём vs огнём" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;беглая-гласная&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14544" CreationDate="2017-06-03T10:27:37.910" Score="6" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;играй&lt;/code&gt; is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperative_mood&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;imperative mood&lt;/a&gt; form that is used for making command and requests. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;огонём does not exist, the only correct form is &lt;code&gt;огнём&lt;/code&gt; - the middle o is dropped - when vowel behaves like that it's called &lt;code&gt;беглая гласная&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;How can you learn that? You can check the article at &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;. See the phrase &quot;тип склонения 2*b по классификации А. А. Зализняка&quot;? Zaliznyak is a Russian linguist who made an attempt to classify all possible inclinations that exist in Russian. So, what does 2*b mean? Let's &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C:%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;look it up&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt; — слова с основой на мягкий согласный (тюлень, искатель, цапля, Дуня, горе, поле; весенний)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;b&lt;/strong&gt; — ударение всегда вне основы, если кроме основы вообще что-либо есть (топор, похвала, вещество, родной)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Звездочка при цифре&lt;/strong&gt; означает чередование в основе беглой гласной с нулём (1*a, 3*a и т. п.; платок, кошка, сердце)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's how you basically can figure it out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;опаснаый does not exist, the only correct form is &lt;code&gt;опасный&lt;/code&gt; from which &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;опасно&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; is derived. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="9085" LastEditDate="2017-06-05T11:46:52.150" LastActivityDate="2017-06-05T11:46:52.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14546" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14544" CreationDate="2017-06-03T16:08:23.087" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;1)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; The &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;prohibitive form&lt;/a&gt; (Ru) with an infinitive (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + the infinitive) is more official and is used in a colloquial speech as a form of rude impersonal command only:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не играть с огнём. =&gt; Не играй с огнём.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не дразнить собаку. =&gt; Не дразни собаку.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, any verb of the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; type changes into its singular imperative mode by the same algorythm:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не дела&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;+&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ничего&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. =&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не дела&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;+&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;й&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ничего&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не отдава&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;+&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;деньги.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; =&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не отдава&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;+&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;й&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;деньги&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не счита&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;+&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;деньги&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. =&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не счита&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;+&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;й&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;деньги&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;2)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; The difference in forms &lt;strong&gt;* &lt;em&gt;огонём / огнём&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is related to &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/14476/declension-of-%D0%BB%D0%B5%CC%81%D0%B2/14478#14478&quot;&gt;another question previously asked by a different user about 'ghost vowels'&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;3)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; By default, a neutrum form of an adjective is required in a sentence similar to that with '&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dummy_pronoun&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;dummy pronouns&lt;/a&gt;' in most Western languages (those of 'it/that's great'-type, or as a predicate complement for a verb (that is, whenever a topic of a sentence is expressed by an infinitive, in phrases of 'to-live-is-to-love'-type).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The universal neutrum ending for a singular neutrum form of any adjective is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-o&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Technically, the resulting form is a[n modal] adverb, but Russian doesn't distinguish between these two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это опасная игра. = Это опасно. = Играть так - опасно / Опасно так играть.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это важное дело. = Это важно. = Делать так - важно. / Важно так делать. / Важно делать так.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это обидная дразнилка.  = Это обидно. =  Дразнить так - обидно / Обидно так дразнить.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это большой счёт. = Это много. = Считать столько будет много. = Много будет так считать.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это большая отдача / большой результат. = Это много и хорошо. = Отда(ва)ть столько - много и хорошо. = Много и хорошо будет столько отда(ва)ть.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-06-03T21:09:32.950" LastActivityDate="2017-06-03T21:09:32.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8671" CreationDate="2017-06-03T21:01:06.867" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;OK, here is my answer with almost a two-years' delay. In general, no letter (even in a reputedly 'phonetic' writing system) gives absolutely exact sound representation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even in two languages/dialects sharing a same alphabet (cf. e.g. English, French and Finnish Vs, or Brittish vs American intervocal Ts).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even vocal systems of Bulgarian vs Russian do differ (and, yes, Bulgarian is easier to read and to understand as compared to Polish or Eastern Slavic languages, but that's my own experience and experiences do differ, too).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, after some lessons in Mongolian you might very soon observe that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) The &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лл&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced more like Innuit Ll, Welsh and Spanish LL [λ] rather than as it is in Russian;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) consonants are articulated harder than in Russian (like in Bulgarian phonetic system indeed; closer to some Arabic emphatic [d], [kh], [tt], etc.);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) unlike in Russian and Hungarian, and like in Finnish, a combination of two same subsequent vowel letters  means a long vowel of same quality; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) a short vowel at the end of a word is treated as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ъ ъ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in pre-revolutionary Imperial Russian (that is, remains unpronounced; that is, Mongolian &lt;em&gt;байна&lt;/em&gt; sounds more like [bain] not like [baina]);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Р р&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; sounds softer at the end of a word (well, in a closed syllable at least) and is closer to Swedish Rr;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6) unstressed O o in Mongolian is still always [o] while in Russian it is pronounced closer to [a].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is, of cause, not like reading in Japanese knowing some Chinese, or reading  Sanskrit/Hindi knowing some Devanagari script, but these nuances do matter. Hope this will help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-06-04T07:20:11.043" LastActivityDate="2017-06-04T07:20:11.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14548" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14549" CreationDate="2017-06-03T21:41:22.100" Score="4" ViewCount="533" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the text &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianforfree.com/text-russian-bear.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ру́сский медве́дь / The Russian bear&lt;/a&gt;, I saw two sentences I did not know what the preposition was for - why is it included in each case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Русские люди очень похожи на медведей.&#xA;&#xA;Russian people resemble bears very much.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A similar sentence in the same story talks about how bears also like mushrooms and berries (in the forest) and can... &amp;quot;...и могут напасть на человека.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Они делают это с осторожностью, так как медведи тоже очень любят ягоды &#xA;и могут напасть на человека.&#xA;&#xA;They do it carefully because bears love berries too, and they can attack &#xA;a person.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sentence, I can see how people would be in the accusative case, but in this case I always thought &amp;quot;на&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;в&amp;quot; were to indicate motion towards, e.g. &amp;quot;...в школу...&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;...на поле...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, I do not know why this preposition is included at all. Is it something similar to using &amp;quot;Ha&amp;quot; for playing an instrument, or &amp;quot;B&amp;quot; for playing in a sports team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this is clear...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditDate="2020-12-31T12:08:37.173" LastActivityDate="2020-12-31T12:08:37.173" Title="What is the use of &quot;Ha&quot; in these two sentences?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14548" CreationDate="2017-06-03T22:32:03.917" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, as well as in English, prepositions can be used in very different situations and can have many meanings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &quot;to resemble smth&quot; is not translated as simply &quot;походить&quot; but as &quot;походить &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; кого-либо/что-либо&quot;. You cannot omit &quot;на&quot;! Same thing with &quot;нападать&quot;. It's always &quot;нападать &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; кого-либо/что-либо&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such information is always given in dictionaries and you must learn it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example in opposite direction to make it more clear: it would be wrong to translate &quot;слушать радио&quot; as &quot;to listen the radio&quot; because in English you listen &lt;strong&gt;to&lt;/strong&gt; something or somebody, so it's &quot;to listen to the radio&quot; although you don't have any preposition in Russian in this sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2017-06-03T22:41:37.217" LastActivityDate="2017-06-03T22:41:37.217" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14548" CreationDate="2017-06-04T05:49:39.290" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's just the dynamics of languages. For example, &lt;code&gt;I'm going to school&lt;/code&gt; in Russian translates as &lt;code&gt;Я иду в школу&lt;/code&gt;. Now one may ask, why isn't there, the article, 'a' or 'the' in the English version. Though, they can be included, excluding them doesn't make your sentence wrong. By practicing, you get to know when to include an article and when not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8593" LastActivityDate="2017-06-04T05:49:39.290" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14551" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14541" CreationDate="2017-06-04T06:06:04.340" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Three 'rules' that might help you in the future. If you see two lines inclined to each other like the 'Л' in your image without any horizontal line between them, then it is an &quot;L&quot;. If the horizontal line is in the middle of the letter, then it is an &quot;A&quot;. Lastly, if the horizontal line is towards the bottom of the lines, then it is a &quot;D&quot;. &#xA;Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8593" LastActivityDate="2017-06-04T06:06:04.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14548" CreationDate="2017-06-04T17:28:54.653" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be used to describe a motion, but the former is similar to Balto-Fennic &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allative_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Allative&lt;/a&gt; (evident motion and/or destination), while the latter is more like &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illative_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Illative&lt;/a&gt; case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + Accusative is, in fact, similar to &lt;em&gt;Approximative&lt;/em&gt; in Vepsian or &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kirj.ee/public/Linguistica_Uralica/2011/issue_3/ling-2011-3-191-198.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Komi&lt;/a&gt; (Russian text, English summary) or to Allative in most Balto-Fennic languages (evident motion of a subject and/or evident destination complement).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, just like in a case with the Allative, the overtones are different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The former example fits a non-evident type of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;похоже + на&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + Accusative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Похоже на правду. На фейк не похоже. Стиль &quot;Манараги&quot; Сорокина местами похож на лесковский.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;походить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, the other verbs requiring such a strucrture in Approximative meaning shall be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;жаловаться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;молиться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сетовать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;нарезать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;наставить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other types of evident action are usually translated as 'to do smth for a sake of smb/smth[, where &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; with Accusative describe a beneficiant (B), an object (O), a goal (G), an evaluation (E) or a reason (R) of an action. To mention a few verbs of this type:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;склоняться на [чью-либо] сторону&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (B)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;драться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (G)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;стараться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (R)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;работать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (B,R)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;списать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (R, B)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;валить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (O, R)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;назначить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (G)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;наметить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (G)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;играть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (O, G)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;знать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (E)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;смотреть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (O)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;глядеть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (O)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;коситься&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (O)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;таращиться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (O)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пялиться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (O)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;уставиться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (O)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;вылупиться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (O)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;кричать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (O)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;орать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (O)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ругаться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (O)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;кидаться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (O)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;наехать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (O)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;переносить (встречу и т. п.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (G)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;давать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (G)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;тратить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (G/B)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;наложить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (O)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for  the latter sub-type, it is mostly like a literal meaning of approximative and causative motion  (with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; reduplicated as prefix and a preposition):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;переносить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;послать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;отправить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;положить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;наткнуться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;накрыть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;налить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;набрести&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;нанести&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;гнать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;накинуться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;и так далее...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-06-04T17:44:01.893" LastActivityDate="2017-06-04T17:44:01.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14553" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14548" CreationDate="2017-06-05T08:46:12.010" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, prepositions too often follow the verbs in some obscure and unpredictable way, depending on hardly explainable historical and etymological reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though in case of &quot;&lt;em&gt;нападать на&lt;/em&gt;&quot; it's very very clear, as this verb in fact means (or, better to say, it meant) &lt;em&gt;to fall on&lt;/em&gt;, i.e. it originally denoted a sort of a &quot;take ground&quot; attack, which in fact is what many animals, including aforementioned bears, do. So from the etymological point of view &quot;&lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is still about a direction here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Concerning &quot;&lt;em&gt;походить на&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, it's much harder to decipher this one. I guess it's kind of &quot;stepping &lt;em&gt;on&lt;/em&gt; someone else's steps&quot;, but I can't find any proof of this claim at the moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-06-05T08:46:12.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14554" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-06T19:07:51.737" Score="1" ViewCount="704" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the correct form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Какая&lt;/strong&gt; модель это?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Какой&lt;/strong&gt; модель это?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm quite sure that the correct form is &quot;Какой модель это?&quot; but google translate - translate &quot;which model is it&quot; into &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Какая&lt;/strong&gt; модель это?&quot; and I'm afraid maybe I'm not right. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gPoS9m.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gPoS9m.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastActivityDate="2017-06-06T22:44:11.780" Title="&quot;Какая модель это?&quot; or &quot;Какой модель это&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14555" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-06T19:19:24.103" Score="5" ViewCount="586" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;четверг&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; sound as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;четвергх&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;? &#xA;I've noticed that people don't pronounce it as it's written, do they? If they don't, what is the reason for that? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;n.b. We already had &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/14448/why-is-the-letter-%D0%B3-in-some-of-the-russian-words-pronounced-differently-as-it&quot;&gt;here a post&lt;/a&gt; about the sounds of the Russian letter &lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt; which sometimes sounds like в (see there), but in this case the letter &lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt; sounds like &lt;strong&gt;х&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-06-07T17:31:14.153" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T16:27:33.137" Title="Why does the word &quot;четверг&quot; sound as &quot;четвергх&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14554" CreationDate="2017-06-06T19:32:41.080" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;модель is a feminine noun (IIIrd declension, f words ending with -ь) so the right adjective would be какая as it goes with модель.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9092" LastActivityDate="2017-06-06T19:32:41.080" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14554" CreationDate="2017-06-06T19:33:15.507" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Словоформы слова &quot;модель&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;модель  →   модель – существительное, &lt;strong&gt;жен. р.&lt;/strong&gt;, именительный. п., ед. ч.&#xA;└   модель – существительное, жен. р., винительный п., ед. ч.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Часть речи: существительное&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Единственное число  Множественное число&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Им. модель  модели&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Рд. модели  моделей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дт. модели  моделям&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вн. модель  модели&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тв. моделью моделями&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пр. модели. моделях &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find this information on the site morfologija.ru Грамматический словарь русского языка online. The word is feminine, so какая модель is correct. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-06-06T19:33:15.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14558" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14564" CreationDate="2017-06-06T19:39:25.523" Score="6" ViewCount="1353" Body="&lt;p&gt;With structures such as the following how do we decide whether кто should be instrumental or nominative—&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кем бы он ни был &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кто бы он ни был&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-09T18:50:10.890" LastActivityDate="2018-09-09T18:50:10.890" Title="&quot;Кем бы он ни был&quot; or &quot;кто бы он ни был&quot; - which one to choose?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;essive&gt;&lt;изобразительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14555" CreationDate="2017-06-06T20:10:39.763" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consonants in Russian (and in all other languages) are either voiced or voiceless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The consonants in each pair below are pronounced in exactly the same manner, the only difference being in the presence or absence of vibration in the vocal cords:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Voiced  Voiceless&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в   ф&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;г   к&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;з   с&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;б   п&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;д   т&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ж   ш&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian pronunciation, &lt;strong&gt;all voiced consonants at the end of the word are pronounced like their voiceless counterparts&lt;/strong&gt;. This phenomenon is also called &lt;strong&gt;devoicing of consonants&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;Devoicing also occurs when a voiced consonant is in front of a voiceless consonant(&lt;strong&gt;consonant assimilation&lt;/strong&gt;). The voiced consonant in this position will be pronounced like its voiceless counterpart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Четверг [четверк]. If you hear х instead of к,  it's regional pronunciation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-06-07T19:14:37.303" LastActivityDate="2017-06-07T19:14:37.303" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14558" CreationDate="2017-06-06T20:21:44.497" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;An excellent question which in my opinion has an answer, it's just the difference is quite tricky to grasp. Any time you can ask &quot;кем он является&quot; instead of &quot;кто он&quot;, you can use &quot;кем&quot; in your phrase as well, so&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не стремись облапошить ближнего своего, кто бы они ни был – православный, иудей, мусульманин&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не стремись облапошить ближнего своего, кем бы они ни был – православным, иудеем, мусульманином. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are both perfectly valid, it's just that first one is more likely to encounter (just because &quot;он явлется иудеем&quot; is less frequent then &quot;он иудей&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, say, let's consider following pair:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Любого руководителя, кем бы они ни был, они просто скинут. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Любого руководителя, кто бы они ни был, они просто скинут. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, both valid, which one to use depends on context: Любого руководителя, кем бы они ни был [отличным продажником, незаменимым управленцем, опытным кризис-менеджером], они просто скинут. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Любого руководителя, кто бы они ни был [Иван Петрович, Николай Иванович или даже Пётр Алексеевич], они просто скинут. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-07T14:30:14.133" LastActivityDate="2017-06-07T14:30:14.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14555" CreationDate="2017-06-06T20:31:12.493" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, while V.V is not wrong about voicelessness, there's actually something else out there. What you seem to hear is actually an evidence of so called &quot;явления придыхательности глухих согласных&quot; (aspiration of voiceless consonant). It's not х it's more close to the phonetic [h] (like in English hen). In some cases (usually before other voiceless consonant) in casual speech there consonant can gain some level of aspiration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, pronounce following words and take attention to how they sound (the potentially aspirated vowel is marked):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мо&lt;strong&gt;п&lt;/strong&gt;с&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Бе&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ховен&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ке&lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt;с&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;а&lt;strong&gt;б&lt;/strong&gt;сен&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;тор&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мор&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of why it's not indicated somehow in spelling - well, there's not such thing like 100% precise, one-to-one correspondence between phonetics and  orthography. One reason for that - some of phonemes a very specific, some a relatively rare, some a very subtle (I doubt majority of Russian speakers even realize they are aspirating anything). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if you'll try nevertheless to come up with &quot;precise&quot; orthography you'll fail for both because words are not pronounced the same very way by all the speakers, second, pronunciation changes with time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are interested to find out more, check out, for instance, &lt;a href=&quot;http://lraber.asj-oa.am/5247/1/73.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-07T10:40:40.020" LastActivityDate="2017-06-07T10:40:40.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14554" CreationDate="2017-06-06T22:44:11.780" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In fact, you can be sure only about grammatical gender of abstract nouns derived from adjectives and ending in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-сть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;; they are 99,999% feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The grammatical genders of other words ending in the soft sign are better to be learned by heart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct form is therefore &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;какая + модель&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-06-06T22:44:11.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14558" CreationDate="2017-06-07T04:59:12.887" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Кто&lt;/strong&gt; бы он ни был&quot; tends to mean '&lt;strong&gt;no matter who he is&lt;/strong&gt;' (in person or by position), &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Этот человек, &lt;strong&gt;кто&lt;/strong&gt; бы он ни был, (даже если это сам генеральный&#xA;  директор или рекомендованный нам Иван Иваныч) не сможет решить нашу&#xA;  проблему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;while &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кем&lt;/strong&gt; бы он ни был&quot; is close to '&lt;strong&gt;whatever kind of person he is&lt;/strong&gt;' (e.g. by profession).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Человеку, у которого столько родственников, оставшихся в США, не дадут&#xA;  туристическую визу, &lt;strong&gt;кем&lt;/strong&gt; бы он ни был (по профессии, положению в&#xA;  обществе, какие бы достоинства у него ни нашлись).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The version with &lt;strong&gt;кто&lt;/strong&gt; is often possible to use in either meaning while the version with &lt;strong&gt;кем&lt;/strong&gt; is more limited in usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-06-07T04:59:12.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14555" CreationDate="2017-06-07T05:14:40.313" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Interesting, never noticed that properly. What is heard, however, doesn't resemble the regular [x].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose the reasons are the same as with Б-г pronounced as [&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;бох&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;]: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/14452/1262&quot;&gt;historical phonetics&lt;/a&gt;, competive norms (fricative 'Southern' [g] VS modern 'standard' [g].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure if it works with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;порог, пирог&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and, say, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;рог&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in standard (not 'Southern') pronunciation as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-06-07T05:14:40.313" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14566" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14567" CreationDate="2017-06-07T09:14:13.290" Score="5" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am quite confused about the word order in sentences of the following type—&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как бы ни складывалась жизнь христианина&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в какое бы ни жил он время&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;к какому сословию бы ни принадлежал&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, он не избежит одного - борьбы с плотским человеком, в сущности, своим я&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What dictates the word order in the bolded sections? For example why, in the second one, is Время so far away from какое, while in the third one сословие is beside какой. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a standard word order for such constructions? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сколько бы ни старался &lt;strong&gt;Барак Обама&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сколько бы &lt;strong&gt;Барак Обама&lt;/strong&gt; ни старался&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2017-06-07T09:24:24.723" Title="Concessive phrases and word order--of the type &quot;Сколько бы ни... и.тп&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14566" CreationDate="2017-06-07T09:24:24.723" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no strict rule and no &quot;Correct&quot; word order in such cases. The only thing I can get from top of my mind - the &quot;asking&quot; word (&lt;code&gt;Как&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Сколько&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в какое&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;к какому&lt;/code&gt;) is always on the first place. And that's all. For your first example valid orders would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как бы ни складывалась жизнь христианина&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как бы жизнь христианина ни складывалась&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как ни складывалась бы жизнь христианина&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как жизнь христианина ни складывалась бы (not really super-correct variation, but you will be understood)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9072" LastActivityDate="2017-06-07T09:24:24.723" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14555" CreationDate="2017-06-07T09:34:34.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When native ukrainians speak russian, they usually pronounce &lt;code&gt;Г&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;Гх&lt;/code&gt;. There is two close letters in ukrainian alphabet: &lt;code&gt;Г&lt;/code&gt; IPA for which is &lt;code&gt;/ɦ/&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;Ґ&lt;/code&gt;, IPA for is &lt;code&gt;/g/&lt;/code&gt;. So russians have manner to imitate that accent from time to time, when its not immitated , &lt;code&gt;Г&lt;/code&gt; sounds more like &lt;code&gt;К&lt;/code&gt;, as V.V. stated. The difference here from the post that you linked, is that in official speech you should spell &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt; in words &lt;code&gt;Сегодня&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Ничего&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt;, just as &lt;code&gt;ч&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;code&gt;что&lt;/code&gt;, but in official speech, you should very clearly pronounce &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt; at the end of ther words &lt;code&gt;четверг&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;морг&lt;/code&gt;, and so on&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9072" LastActivityDate="2017-06-07T09:34:34.620" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2593" CreationDate="2017-06-07T12:27:46.593" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;тока позже&lt;/code&gt; could be like &quot;but/only later&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;e.g.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;да, тока позже&lt;/code&gt;like &lt;code&gt;yes, but/only later&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;examples of right form&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.linguee.com/english-russian/search?source=auto&amp;amp;query=%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B6%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.linguee.com/english-russian/search?source=auto&amp;amp;query=%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B6%D0%B5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9094" LastActivityDate="2017-06-07T12:27:46.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14555" CreationDate="2017-06-07T12:31:24.967" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would you describe it as [-rx] or as [-rkʰ]? If it's the first, it's not just a &lt;strong&gt;четверг&lt;/strong&gt; thing, but a Southern pronunciation feature where the final /г/ is pronounced [x] instead of simply devoicing to [k]. (&lt;strong&gt;Бог&lt;/strong&gt; is the only example common to all Russian accents.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it's the second, it's just the final [-k] becoming more breathy in that particular word-final cluster. [k] and what can sound like a mild [kʰ] are pretty much freely varied in Russian; I don't think the latter even qualifies as an allophone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-06-07T12:31:24.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14571" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-08T18:00:57.337" Score="5" ViewCount="298" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference between &lt;strong&gt;не надо&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;не нужно&lt;/strong&gt;? If there is, what is it? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &#xA;A pizza delivery guy comes to my home and brings pizza. Its cost is 650 руб and I give him 700 руб. Now he wants to give me the change and I want to tell him that there is no need for that. What would you choose? (&lt;strong&gt;не надо&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;не нужно&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="6907" LastEditDate="2017-06-08T19:01:21.017" LastActivityDate="2017-06-17T23:09:06.390" Title="What is the difference between &quot;не надо&quot; and &quot;не нужно&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14572" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14571" CreationDate="2017-06-08T18:12:15.267" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Нужно&lt;/code&gt; is slightly less casual and more bookish, so, while phrases &quot;Ой, Вась, может не нужно тут нам голову-то морочить&quot; is completely OK but native speaker most probably will use &lt;code&gt;на надо&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, professor most likely will not say during a lecture 'В творчестве этого поэта надо различать три этапа' but rather &lt;code&gt;нужно&lt;/code&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also &lt;code&gt;необходимо&lt;/code&gt; which is even more (sort of) high-style than &lt;code&gt;нужно&lt;/code&gt; but understandably not used with &quot;не&quot; - double negation is just not a typical for Russian (so, you can use &quot;необходимо&quot; instead of &quot;нужно&quot;, but not &quot;не необходимо&quot; instead of &quot;не нужно&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, it looks like that &lt;code&gt;надо&lt;/code&gt; is slowly but steadily overpowering &quot;нужно&quot; even in official usage.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, answering specifically the last part of your question, I'd go with &quot;Спасибо большое, сдачи не надо&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-08T18:29:13.397" LastActivityDate="2017-06-08T18:29:13.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14574" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14575" CreationDate="2017-06-08T20:13:26.127" Score="-1" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;В данной выпускной работе анализируются методы обеспечение безопасности веб сайтов. Помимо этого, структуре веб сайтов, существующих уязвимости в этом анализируются, предложена методы обеспечение безопасности с помощью существующих механизмов, устроив  атака на основе уязвимость маленького веб сайта.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this graduation work, methods of ensuring Web sites security are analyzed. And also, structure of Web sites, existing vulnerabilities in it, attacked on the basis of vulnerability of small web site and proposed methods  of ensuring security of Web site using existing mechanisms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6318" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2017-06-08T20:52:26.120" LastActivityDate="2017-06-08T20:52:26.120" Title="Правильно составлено ли это предложение?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-06-08T21:04:38.790" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14575" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14574" CreationDate="2017-06-08T20:27:34.940" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нет.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Честно говоря, я даже не понимаю о чем идет речь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правильный вариант первого предложения:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В данной выпускной работе анализируются методы обеспечени&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt; безопасности веб-сайтов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the rest, according to the English text:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В частности, анализируется структура веб-сайта и его уязвимости путем атаки, основанной на уязвимости небольшого веб-сайта, а также предлагаются методы обеспечения безопасности веб-сайта с использованием существующих механизмов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2017-06-08T20:45:34.320" LastActivityDate="2017-06-08T20:45:34.320" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14576" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-08T22:04:02.620" Score="5" ViewCount="1038" Body="&lt;p&gt;On some site I was on months ago (I can't recall), it says that &quot;очень приятно&quot; is &quot;nice to meet you&quot; and I've heard a native Russian use that phrase. But, I've also used the Nemo app a bit and it says that &quot;приятно познакомиться&quot; is &quot;nice to meet you&quot;&#xA;Are they the same? Does it matter? Is there a formality difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9099" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-08T22:12:29.560" LastActivityDate="2017-06-08T22:12:29.560" Title="What's the difference between &quot;очень приятно&quot; and &quot;приятно познакомиться&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14576" CreationDate="2017-06-08T22:12:01.830" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, in a colloquial speech both forms are interchangeable, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;очень приятно&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  is just a shortened form for &quot;очень приятно познакомиться&quot; and it's completely acceptable to say whenever and whosever hand you shake the very first time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-06-08T22:12:01.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14578" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-08T22:39:21.973" Score="1" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/9335/how-could-i-have-gotten-the-cyrillic-spelling-of-vladyka&quot;&gt;In an earlier question&lt;/a&gt;, I was misusing Google translate to try to get the spelling of a word, and I was pointed to &lt;a href=&quot;http://translit.cc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://translit.cc&lt;/a&gt; which would directly furnish spelling instead of trying to guess a preimage in English that would translate in Russian to Владыка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I am wondering about transliteration from modern Russian to Church Slavonic, or if that's not available transliteration from modern English to Slavonic. The LMGTFY-grade answer I'd anticipate is to simply change like letters for like, as a transliteration between alphabets rather than a transliteration between completely separate languages. However, I'd like to avoid beginner's mistakes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a tool comparable to &lt;a href=&quot;http://translit.cc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://translit.cc&lt;/a&gt;, or should I just replace modern letters with ancient precursors and trust the naive approach?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;--Clarification--&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the hopes of allowing this question to be reopened, I am adding what I put as a comment:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my experience, English speakers who do not know Russian refer to the language of traditional Russian worship as &quot;Slavonic&quot; / &quot;Old Slavonic&quot; / &quot;Church Slavonic.&quot; Native Russian speakers invariably, in my experience, say &quot;Russian.&quot; I've read the Bible three times through in modern Russian and I'm chewing my way through the Slavonic, and the language is identifiably Russian. The linguistic distance between the Slavonic Bible on the one hand and a modern Russian translation on the other is about twice the distance between the KJV and the NIV, and the KJV is universally called English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know several Russian Orthodox, and all of them to my knowledge would place a question about old and new forms of Russian alphabet under the heading of the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For further evidence, you might see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DXaSUmd4iJs&amp;amp;t=58s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a Russian video of the tale of Peter and Fevronia&lt;/a&gt;. After an initial animation showing an acronym in modern Russian letters, all the Russian that appears on the screen (the title of the video, a banner, people's names, etc.) are deliberately written in the Slavonic alphabet. The language of the video is modern Russian (plus English subtitles), but in Russian and in general there are times where it makes sense to Russians to write Russian content in the Slavonic alphabet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1556" LastEditorUserId="1556" LastEditDate="2017-06-09T11:48:06.747" LastActivityDate="2017-06-09T14:44:29.577" Title="How can I transliterate a name in modern Russian characters to Slavonic?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14579" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-09T07:05:12.173" Score="4" ViewCount="801" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is an idiomatic way to say when entering a restaurant&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A table for two, please?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A table for one, please?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4432" LastActivityDate="2017-06-09T10:34:19.813" Title="Asking for a table" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14580" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14579" CreationDate="2017-06-09T07:36:52.420" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, usually you are asked: &quot;Ско́лько вас бу́дет?&quot; (how many of you?)&#xA;to which you can reply: &quot;Нас [бу́дет] дво́е/тро́е/че́тверо/пя́теро/ше́стеро/се́меро/во́семь/де́вять/де́сять&quot; etc. or &quot;я [бу́ду] оди́н&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If nobody is asking you but you still want to indicate it somehow, then go with &quot;Найдётся/есть ли/мне ну́жен сто́лик для/на одного́/двои́х/трои́х/четверы́х/пятеры́х/шестеры́х/семеры́х/восьмеры́х?&quot; etc. or &quot;на двух/трёх/четверы́х/пять/шесть/семь/во́семь/де́вять челове́к&quot;. The last option is easier to remember and scales better for large(r) numbers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-06-09T10:34:19.813" LastActivityDate="2017-06-09T10:34:19.813" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14581" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14578" CreationDate="2017-06-09T14:29:19.443" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Church Slavonic is a separate language that uses a superset of Russian alphabet.  Hence transliteration from Russian to Church Slavonic will be the exact copy of the original Russian message, since every letter in the Russian alphabet is the same in Church Slavonic alphabet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you simply need the effect of using a different font, as they did in the cartoon about Peter and Fevronia, then you can use one of the publicly available fonts. You can look at fonts listed here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.irmologion.ru/fonts.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Church Slavonic Fonts&lt;/a&gt; I, personally, like the first one, at the top of the page (Irmologion).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you need to change spelling of Russian words to make them look &quot;older&quot;. Then you can either use pre-reform spelling converter as discussed here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/14444/what-kind-of-russian-orthography-is-this&quot;&gt;What kind of Russian orthography is this?&lt;/a&gt;, or translate it into Church Slavonic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if you really want to write text in Church Slavonic language. Then you need to learn that language: dictionary, grammar, etc.  Church Slavonic can be written either using one of the fonts above, or using &lt;a href=&quot;http://kodeks.uni-bamberg.de/aksl/schrift/romancyrillicstd.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Roman Cyrillic Std font&lt;/a&gt;. Roman Cyrillic Std supports many of the additional letters that are needed to work with older texts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-06-09T14:44:29.577" LastActivityDate="2017-06-09T14:44:29.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14583" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14584" CreationDate="2017-06-10T15:58:33.663" Score="8" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does mean &quot;разверзлись хляби небесные?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-10T20:35:59.780" LastActivityDate="2017-06-12T13:35:47.667" Title="Что есть &quot;хляби&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14583" CreationDate="2017-06-10T16:17:26.473" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well in the Bible it means heavy raining of epic proportions, but this word could, as of now, is known basically due to this particular phrase (and actually is used in the Bible few more times). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Old Russian хлѩбь stands for &lt;code&gt;водопад&lt;/code&gt; (waterfall), &lt;code&gt;стремнина&lt;/code&gt; (rapids), generally speaking, some fierce and turbulent flow. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find this definition &lt;a href=&quot;http://etymolog.ruslang.ru/doc/sreznevskijT-Ja.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Here's a screenshot (it's easier to do rather then retype in modern spelling, also losing some context):&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/anIlZ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/anIlZ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also it worth to mention that in modern Russian &quot;разверзлись хлюби небесные&quot; could be used, though this usage is way too rare, in a joking context - when talking of bad weather.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-06-12T13:35:47.667" LastActivityDate="2017-06-12T13:35:47.667" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14586" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14587" CreationDate="2017-06-11T19:43:42.373" Score="4" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the sentence, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;But that's not true.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see a translation as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Но &lt;strong&gt;э&lt;/strong&gt;то не пр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;вда.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know 'пр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;вда' is feminine so it seems that the '&lt;strong&gt;э&lt;/strong&gt;то' being used is the indeclinable particle, and not the adjective (or else, if the translation is correct, it would have used '&lt;strong&gt;э&lt;/strong&gt;та for the nominative case).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can one tell/know which word to use - the indeclinable particle, or the declinable special adjective?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know this is older, but I think this ties in well with the original question... How do you determine the subject, or object, of some difficult sentences, e.g. this question sentence. For instance,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Чьи это вещи?' (Here это is indeclinable particle) or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Чьи эти вещи?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do each mean? Which words are the subject? Which are the object? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="6545" LastEditDate="2017-07-15T15:31:42.630" LastActivityDate="2017-07-15T15:31:42.630" Title="Which это? Particle or Special Adjective/Pronoun" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14586" CreationDate="2017-06-11T20:13:47.003" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Э́то&lt;/em&gt; is the subject in this case, it does not need to agree with &lt;em&gt;пра́вда&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Э́то ма́льчик. It's / that's / this is a boy.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Э́то де́вочка. It's / that's / this is a girl.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Э́то молоко́.  It's / that's / this is milk.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Э́то гру́ши.   These / Those are pears.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When used attributively, the pronoun needs to agree with the attributed noun:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Э́тот ма́льчик ве́жливый.  This boy is polite.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Э́та де́вочка симпати́чная. This girl is cute.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Э́то молоко́ горя́чее. This milk is hot.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Э́ти гру́ши спе́лые. These pears are ripe.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-06-11T20:13:47.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14586" CreationDate="2017-06-11T20:28:01.700" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If English &lt;strong&gt;that&lt;/strong&gt; plays the role of the subject or object, then it will be translated to indeclinable &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; particle. If it is an adjective (determiner), then it shall be translated to a declinable pronoun &lt;strong&gt;тот&lt;/strong&gt; (with forms тот, та, то, те) or &lt;strong&gt;этот&lt;/strong&gt; (with forms этот, эта, это, эти)*.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is not true - Это не [есть] правда &lt;del&gt;(or literally это не есть правдивое)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't like that - Я не люблю это&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That truth - Та правда or Эта правда&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastEditorUserId="9001" LastEditDate="2017-06-12T08:50:10.653" LastActivityDate="2017-06-12T08:50:10.653" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14583" CreationDate="2017-06-12T00:53:14.503" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a quote from the Bible referring to the flood. The English version from The New American Standard Bible is &quot;...and the floodgates of the sky were opened.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2017-06-12T00:53:14.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8967" CreationDate="2017-06-12T01:05:01.233" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's something I've stumbled upon recently -- music by Аквариум and Борис Гребенщиков, which I listen to through Amazon Prime. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.planetaquarium.com/discography/songs.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; is their website with lyrics to the songs.  I've learned several of the songs, and lots of vocabulary and usage along with it, such as Поезд в Огне.  Amazon also has the spoken Russian New Testament with dramatization.  Also, there's music by Владимир Высоцкий such as Москва Одесса. You could also pick up works by some famous authors such as Солженицын (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lib.ru/PROZA/SOLZHENICYN/ivandenisych.txt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Один день Ивана Денисовича&lt;/a&gt;).  Anyway, just keep pounding on it.  Improvement will come gradually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9107" LastActivityDate="2017-06-12T01:05:01.233" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-06-12T09:10:57.823" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14591" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-12T17:42:25.840" Score="1" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most common usage I have seen for the angling utility дурилка, it is referenced to be made of cardboard which possible would attract fish after getting wet, maybe similar to bread crumbs; but are others materials possible, too? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastActivityDate="2017-06-12T17:42:25.840" Title="What are other possible materials for дурилка?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;word&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2017-06-12T17:53:31.697" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14592" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14593" CreationDate="2017-06-12T22:34:15.830" Score="3" ViewCount="3291" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also, is there a difference between &quot;спокойной ночи&quot; and &quot;доброй ночи&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-13T07:03:03.000" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T07:08:10.663" Title="What's the difference between доброе, добрый and доброй?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;word&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2017-06-13T10:27:43.757" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14592" CreationDate="2017-06-13T04:37:27.210" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;What we wish before going to bed is &lt;strong&gt;спокойной ночи&lt;/strong&gt; (good night but to be precise &quot;quiet night&quot;). &lt;strong&gt;Доброй ночи&lt;/strong&gt; (&quot;kind &quot; meaning &quot;good and quiet &quot;) is the same, but to my mind sounds poetically. But perhaps it's personal.&#xA;The phrase is an abbreviation from &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я желаю вам/тебе спокойной/доброй ночи. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So желаю (чего?)+ &lt;strong&gt;genitive case&lt;/strong&gt; (добрая ночь nominative – доброй ночи genitive).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-06-13T04:47:38.973" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T04:47:38.973" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14592" CreationDate="2017-06-13T07:08:10.663" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;usage of &lt;code&gt;Добрый&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Доброе&lt;/code&gt; depends on the gender of the noun, which this adjective agrees to. For example &lt;code&gt;Утро&lt;/code&gt; is of neutral gender (&lt;code&gt;Оно моё утро&lt;/code&gt;), so we should use &lt;code&gt;Доброе&lt;/code&gt;, but &lt;code&gt;День&lt;/code&gt; is of masculine gender (&lt;code&gt;Он мой день&lt;/code&gt;), so we use &lt;code&gt;Добрый&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;Доброй&lt;/code&gt; is slightly more complicated, as V.V. already stated, it is in genitive case with feminine noun. To summarize, please take a look at this table&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;           | Masculine | Feminine | Neutral |&#xA;Nominative |  Добрый   |  Добрая  | Доброе  |&#xA;Genitive   |  Доброго  |  Доброй  | Доброго |&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I should note, that usage of &lt;code&gt;Доброго дня&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Доброго вечера&lt;/code&gt; is allowed, but &lt;code&gt;Добрая ночь&lt;/code&gt; is incorrect&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9072" LastActivityDate="2017-06-13T07:08:10.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14595" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14599" CreationDate="2017-06-13T12:33:34.357" Score="7" ViewCount="392" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes they say &quot;offer salt &amp;amp; bread&quot; to present as welcome; there is also деловая колбаса - business sausage? - what do they mean exactly and can you say &quot;предложить деловую колбасу&quot; analog to &quot;предложить хлеб и соль&quot; on business occasions? (and as symbol for willingness for a good deal, because of the &quot;offer&quot; - предложение&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To explain the relationship of these terms, there is a phrase &quot;all what is in the stove, on table swords&quot; (I do not know the context why swords are important, maybe because of &quot;who comes with a sword, will die from a sword&quot;) but if in ancient times they took bread out of the stove, nowadays you would take from refrigerator a sausage, probably for scientists the doctor sausage (докторская) and for business people the business one (деловая). The pejorative connotation with sausage is more clear on example of &quot;sausage emigration&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-14T10:57:41.927" LastActivityDate="2017-06-20T13:47:23.407" Title="Предложить деловую колбасу - should be served on business occasions to show respect?" Tags="&lt;культура&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14596" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-14T13:48:02.547" Score="2" ViewCount="369" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am told to use propositional case with the names of the months to define time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I am confused as I can't seem to find how.&#xA;For example, how did Сентябрь becomes в Сентябре? Декабрь to в Декабре? Май to в Мае? Август to в Августе? Right? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;May I know how to construct this? Or is it just simply change the endings into &amp;lt;&amp;lt;е&gt;&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9076" LastActivityDate="2017-06-14T14:13:00.420" Title="How to use prepositional case to define time? (Months)" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14596" CreationDate="2017-06-14T13:59:04.200" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Check out, for instance, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6#232&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;following reference&lt;/a&gt;, where you can find a lot of information about Russian prepositional. Here's a quote:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Время и условие&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кроме пространственных значений предложный падеж может выражать&#xA;  значение Времени: в детстве, в мае, на прошлой неделе, на рассвете,&#xA;  при царе, при встрече, при каждом удобном случае, по приезде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to answer your question, you use prepositional with moths when you saying when - so &quot;в январе&quot;, &quot;в феврале&quot;, &quot;в марте&quot; - and so on - luckily they all are inclined the same way - so indeed all end with &quot;-e&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-06-14T13:59:04.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14596" CreationDate="2017-06-14T14:13:00.420" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the month name ends with Й or Ь, remove the last letter.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Add the ending -е.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Add the preposition в.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that month names are not capitalised in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Янва́рь - в январе́&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Май - в ма́е&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;А́вгуст - в а́вгусте.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In январе́, феврале́, сентябре́, октябре́, ноябре́ and декабре́ the stress shifts to the ending. For other months it stays put.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-06-14T14:13:00.420" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14595" CreationDate="2017-06-14T14:54:12.690" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Деловая колбаса&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is a slang phrase, which ironically describes a person who is trying to look or behaves like as serious business man (or just tries to look like an overloaded with more serious tasks).&#xA;It often applicable for kids, who behave like adults, I would say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has nothing to do, actually, with a sausage itself.&#xA;It will look very funny if you'll present &quot;деловая колбаса&quot; as a welcome :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &quot;&lt;em&gt;докторская колбаса&lt;/em&gt;&quot; has nothing to do with scientists or doctors. It's just a well known brand of relatively cheap sausage in Soviet Union. If someone uses this term nowadays, he probably refers to Soviet Union times in some case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9115" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2017-06-20T13:47:23.407" LastActivityDate="2017-06-20T13:47:23.407" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14595" CreationDate="2017-06-14T15:36:27.527" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;While &quot;деловая колбаса&quot; does mean &quot;business sausage&quot;, it is not a sausage served at business meetings. Instead it is a parody of the phrase &quot;деловой человек&quot; (businessman). The picture it presents is of a sausage which has risen from the plate to put on a business suit and go out into the world with a briefcase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we say of someone &quot;Он--деловая колбаса&quot; we mean that he is parodying the behavior of busy people doing important work as a way of making himself seem more important. You might say this of a child who sees his play as important tasks. Or you might say it of a person who tries to impress others by taking and making &quot;important phone calls&quot; at social events such as dinner parties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastEditorUserId="4753" LastEditDate="2017-06-14T17:56:26.213" LastActivityDate="2017-06-14T17:56:26.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14602" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14604" CreationDate="2017-06-14T15:41:36.290" Score="7" ViewCount="483" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a dialog in my workbook, which goes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Ты каждый день ходишь в бассейн?  - Нет, я хожу через день.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I get the first sentence, and why one should use the abstract ходить instead of the concrete идти there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I don't understand is what the second sentence is saying. My thought was that it was supposed to say &quot;I haven't went in a day&quot; or &quot;I am going to go a day from now&quot;, so I thought that one should write иду or пойду -- but instead the correct answer is to write хожу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; So why is an abstract verb of motion appropriate in that context? How does it represent a repeated action or a motion without a specified direction?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The key words, I am guessing, are через день, but I don't understand what the phrase is supposed to connote in this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2017-06-18T08:09:01.917" Title="Is this how to say &quot;every other day&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;&lt;словоупотребление&gt;&lt;фраза&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14602" CreationDate="2017-06-14T16:02:22.527" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &lt;strong&gt;через день&lt;/strong&gt; means every other day. The verb &lt;strong&gt;ходить&lt;/strong&gt; is appropriate here as it denotes a repetitive action, as opposed to &lt;strong&gt;идти&lt;/strong&gt; which denotes a continuous action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-06-18T08:09:01.917" LastActivityDate="2017-06-18T08:09:01.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14602" CreationDate="2017-06-14T16:04:38.470" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Через день&lt;/em&gt; is a set phrase which means &quot;every other day&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also say &lt;em&gt;через два дня&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;every third day&quot;), &lt;em&gt;через три дня&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;every fourth day&quot;) etc., however, to avoid ambiguity, phrases like those are usually worded as &lt;em&gt;через два дня на третий&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;день через два&lt;/em&gt;, or just &lt;em&gt;раз в три дня&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Через день&lt;/em&gt; can also mean &quot;in a day&quot; (hence the ambiguity) and usage of an iterative (&lt;em&gt;ходить&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;идти&lt;/em&gt;) helps to resolve this ambiguity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я хожу в бассейн через день // I go swimming at the pool every other day&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я хожу в бассейн через три дня на четвёртый // I go swimming at the pool every fourth day&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я пойду в бассейн через день // In a day I'm going to go swimming at the pool&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я пойду в бассейн через три дня // In three days I'm going to go swimming at the pool&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2017-06-14T16:04:38.470" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14605" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14608" CreationDate="2017-06-14T16:48:37.963" Score="6" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the &quot;Техника – молодежи&quot; magazine, №5 1977, there is a sci-fi story translated from English, &quot;A Task for Emmy&quot;, it is about a super-computer called &quot;Эмми&quot;. The story has a phrase that puzzled me, &quot;тысячи &lt;strong&gt;милей&lt;/strong&gt; ее проводов&quot;. All my dictionaries (Dahl, Ushakov, Ozhegov, Zaliznyak) say &quot;миля&quot; is the 1st declension soft variant, that is the genitive case plural should be &quot;миль&quot;, like &quot;пуля – пуль&quot;. What is that &quot;милей&quot; form? Can that be an archaic/regional variant? Or is it just a mere typo or the translator's mistake? I have been reading &quot;Техника – молодежи&quot; for all my life and so far I have never seen even a single typo in it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Jq3Cr.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Jq3Cr.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2017-06-14T21:53:33.553" Title="Can noun &quot;миля&quot; have Gen. Pl. form &quot;милей&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14605" CreationDate="2017-06-14T17:15:15.233" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is indeed not grammatical. It may be a regional form from the place the author was from, but not standard Russian. By the way, Google search has got 162 for &quot;тысяча милей&quot; whilst  20k for &quot;тысяча миль&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9116" LastActivityDate="2017-06-14T17:15:15.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14595" CreationDate="2017-06-14T18:41:25.620" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Below is what I found online:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Ну ты – деловая колбаса!» Сегодня в этом обращении слышится некоторое&#xA;  пренебрежение к товарищу, чересчур озабоченному кипучей деятельностью.&#xA;  Но многие старожилы помнят, что и в самом деле была в своё время такая&#xA;  колбаса. Не верите? А я не сомневаюсь, я видела, продавалась она в&#xA;  гастрономе, что на улице Плюснина. Колбаса эта была недорогая, как&#xA;  говорили тогда хозяйки, «бумажная», лежала она в витрине рядом с тоже&#xA;  дешёвой «Ливерной». Вкуснейшие «Докторская», «Русская» и прочие&#xA;  немногочисленные сорта колбас из «благородных» гордо располагались в&#xA;  отдельной витрине. Брали «Деловую» и «Ливерную» в основном мужики –&#xA;  граммов по двести на закуску к «маленькой» или женщины – на корм котам&#xA;  и собакам, откуда её второе, народное название «собачья радость». Нам,&#xA;  детям, тоже хотелось попробовать эту самую «Деловую», но так и не&#xA;  удалось... А ведь интересно, какая же она была на вкус?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-06-15T13:34:11.840" LastActivityDate="2017-06-15T13:34:11.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14605" CreationDate="2017-06-14T21:53:33.553" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, it feels almost like cheating but once again Google Ngram Viewer &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%2C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;turns out&lt;/a&gt; to be a nice research tool at least for getting started:&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DYQay.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DYQay.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it's actually pretty clear that &lt;code&gt;милей&lt;/code&gt; never was as popular as &lt;code&gt;миль&lt;/code&gt;. Which is actually kinda strange, since there's no obvious reason for this. In wiktionary it is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;mentioned&lt;/a&gt;, that in Zaliznyak's classification &lt;code&gt;миля&lt;/code&gt; belongs to &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C:%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;type 2a&lt;/a&gt; - that means &quot;слова с основой на мягкий согласный, ударение всегда на основу&quot; - but, say &lt;code&gt;тюлень&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;олень&lt;/code&gt; or even pretty rare &lt;code&gt;киль&lt;/code&gt;  do not follow that pattern. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-06-14T21:53:33.553" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14609" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14602" CreationDate="2017-06-14T23:02:24.033" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;While answers provided are correct, let me mention another possible phrasing which is also perfectly valid though indeed used not that frequent: &lt;code&gt;каждый второй день&lt;/code&gt;, like in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Робинзон Крузо каждый второй день пополняет запасы питьевой воды из&#xA;  источника, каждый третий день собирает фрукты и каждый пятый день&#xA;  ходит на охоту.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, this pattern can be used to indicate some action that is taken every third day, every fourth etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-06-14T23:02:24.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14610" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14611" CreationDate="2017-06-15T06:27:30.993" Score="5" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;It’s a wide used term and has its own article in wiki: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_shift&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cognitive shift&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, I failed to find something better than this awkward &quot;изменения в осознании&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1499" LastActivityDate="2017-06-15T07:08:02.353" Title="How to say &quot;cognitive shift&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14610" CreationDate="2017-06-15T07:08:02.353" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In more colloquial terms it could be translated as &lt;code&gt;Сдвиг по фазе&lt;/code&gt;, but that is closer to insanity, not just any shift in any direction. I think it could be translated literally - &lt;code&gt;Когнитивный сдвиг&lt;/code&gt;. There are lots of adopted words in russian nowadays. You may want to search some professional psychologic literature for a more precise translation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9072" LastActivityDate="2017-06-15T07:08:02.353" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14602" CreationDate="2017-06-15T09:29:21.503" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The key words, I am guessing, are через день, but I don't understand what the phrase is supposed to connote in this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: я перепрыгнул &lt;strong&gt;через&lt;/strong&gt; камень - I jumped &lt;strong&gt;over&lt;/strong&gt; a stone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In such phrases &quot;через&quot; conveys an idea of some 'obstacle' to be skipped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &quot;хожу через [один] день&quot; is conveying that after you visited the place, the next day would be an obstacle to skip over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like those mentioned above &quot;через два дня&quot; and &quot;через три дня&quot; conveying that after each visit next two or three days are again considered a nuisance to be skipped over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not a native English speaker, but maybe you can translate your phrase as &quot;No, I am attending the pool &lt;em&gt;skipping&lt;/em&gt; next (after visits) day(s)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So why is an abstract verb of motion appropriate in that context? How does it represent a repeated action or a motion without a specified direction?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because you are not talking of any specific visit. You are not asking &quot;how was you pool session on the last Tuesday going?&quot;, you are not suggesting &quot;When you depart for the pool, take the umbrella, skies are clouded&quot;, you do not mean any specific visit in itself. What you are querying about is the general pattern of behavior, a schedule of all visits without stressing any specific one. Here &quot;ходить&quot; is rather &quot;to attend&quot; than &quot;to go&quot; or &quot;to reach&quot; or &quot;to move&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, within the example with a &quot;focused&quot; verb &quot;Я пойду через день&quot; by @shabunc the meaning of &quot;через&quot; also can be conveyed via skipping: &quot;I will first skip the tomorrow day and then I will be going the day after skipped tomorrow&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there is a word &quot;чересполосица&quot; :-D&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2017-06-15T09:34:52.490" LastActivityDate="2017-06-15T09:34:52.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14616" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14620" CreationDate="2017-06-15T18:33:47.257" Score="7" ViewCount="2268" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw this sentence in Charles E Townsend's, &lt;em&gt;Continuing with Russian&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; х&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;чет ем&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; нр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;виться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She wants him to like her (in general).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and I wondered where the 'her' was. If it was a little more complicated, like,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They want him to like her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;what would it be. Where would the 'they' and the 'her' go? Would the answers to these questions be;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; х&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;чет ем&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; нр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;виться он&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She wants him to like her (in general).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; хот&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;т ем&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; нр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;виться он&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They want him to like her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I realized the first example probably leaves 'her' out because it's implied, but an answer to both would be appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-06-18T05:53:47.130" Title="&quot;She wants him to like her.&quot; - Where is &quot;her&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14616" CreationDate="2017-06-15T19:35:47.363" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There simply isn't a grammatical spot to stick 'her' into. You would have to use a separate clause:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They want him to like her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они хотят, чтобы она ему понравилась.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-06-15T19:35:47.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14616" CreationDate="2017-06-15T19:40:26.973" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она хочет ему нравиться/понравиться. Они хотят, чтобы она ему понравилась.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have another verb, the situation doesn't cause any difficulty.&#xA;Say, &amp;quot;She wants him to buy her a ring.&amp;quot;In order to translate it we use a sentence with a subordinate clause,whenever we have an infinitive as an object in the English sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она хочет, чтобы он купил ей кольцо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они хотят, чтобы она ему понравилась.(The same structure).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in the first sentence we don't use this long structure,because the subject of the main sentence coincides with the subject in the subordinate clause. So we use &amp;quot;Она хочет ему нравиться/понравиться &amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-06-18T05:53:47.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14616" CreationDate="2017-06-15T19:45:38.760" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, the thing is that when we translate something from one language to another there's no such thing like one-to-one correspondence between the structure of the phrase. Verb can be translated as adjective, adjective can be translated as a noun, something can be dropped, something could be added. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be honest, regarding this, your question is actually fundamentally invalid in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, actually, in this particular case, well, with some verbs it's possible to construct something similar, with &lt;code&gt;her&lt;/code&gt;, for instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Она хочет, чтобы он её любил.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Она хочет, чтобы он её понимал.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With some verbs - just like with нравился it's not the case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-06-15T19:45:38.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14616" CreationDate="2017-06-15T20:00:57.077" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Her&quot; isn't implied, there's just no need for it. &lt;strong&gt;Она хочет ему нравиться&lt;/strong&gt; literally translates to &quot;She wants to be liked by him&quot;. Hyper-literally, something like &quot;she wants to disposition herself to him&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With &quot;them&quot;, the only way to word it is &lt;strong&gt;Они хотят, чтобы она ему нравилась&lt;/strong&gt;, literally &quot;they want that she be liked by him&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-06-15T20:00:57.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14616" CreationDate="2017-06-15T22:18:55.357" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This sentence is quite tricky to translate into Russian indeed because Russian words for &quot;to want&quot; and &quot;to like&quot; don't work like their English counterparts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we consider several other English sentences with exactly same grammar:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;They teach her to beat him&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;They send her to kill him&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, they could be translated into Russian simply as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Они учат её бить его&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Они отправляют её убить его&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, which are perfectly grammatical if somewhat peculiar (or not, depending on context) Russian statements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because English verbs &quot;to teach (someone to do something)&quot; and &quot;to send (someone to do something)&quot; are trivalent, meaning they can have three arguments (&quot;they, her, to beat&quot; or &quot;they, her, to kill&quot;); and verbs &quot;to beat&quot; and &quot;to kill&quot; are bivalent, that is having two arguments (&quot;she, him&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same holds for Russian verbs &lt;em&gt;учить (кого-то делать что-то), отправлять (кого-то делать что-то), бить (кого-то)&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;убивать (кого-то)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not the case for the verbs &lt;em&gt;нравиться&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;хотеть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Хотеть&lt;/em&gt; in Russian is bivalent. You cannot &quot;want someone to do something&quot; in Russian, only &quot;want someone&quot; or &quot;want something&quot;. If you are about to say that you want ALICE to FOO in Russian, you in fact say &quot;I want something&quot;, and this &quot;something&quot; is the situation where ALICE does FOO. You use a subjunctive sentence: &quot;I want so that ALICE did FOO&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нравиться&lt;/em&gt; is tricky too, because it's, first, reflexive, and, second, impersonal. It's exactly the same grammar as in Spanish &lt;em&gt;me gustan las manzanas&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;myself taste the apples&quot;) for English &quot;I like apples&quot;. So Russian for &quot;he likes her&quot; would be &lt;em&gt;ему нравится она&lt;/em&gt;, which grammatically is &quot;to him wills herself she&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This, again, is not something a Russian speaker would analyze when speaking. It's just a way to tell this in Russian, in the same way as it is in Spanish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we combine the two verbs above, we'll get:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они хотят, чтобы она ему нравилась&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, making a subjunctive sentence for &quot;he liked her&quot; and using that as a single possible object for &lt;em&gt;хотеть&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;to want&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2017-06-15T22:18:55.357" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8967" CreationDate="2017-06-16T03:40:44.803" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd start with books. I consider it the easiest thing to learn in the &quot;read &amp;lt; write &amp;lt; listen &amp;lt; speak&quot; hierarchy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;even classic childrens book use &quot;high&quot; words for me&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, you've found your first reproducible problem. Now go debug it. Read the books online an install some translator extension (e.g. Yandex Translate &lt;a href=&quot;https://element.yandex.ru/translate&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://element.yandex.ru/translate&lt;/a&gt;) so that you can get instant translation for any unknown word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2017-06-16T03:40:44.803" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-06-16T03:40:44.803" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14625" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14626" CreationDate="2017-06-16T15:32:56.150" Score="6" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the phrase &quot;Я не хочу у вас жить, когда я буду в Москве&quot; I would expect an instrumental case, for example with preposition &lt;code&gt;c&lt;/code&gt;, but why actually preposition &lt;code&gt;y&lt;/code&gt; is used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7330" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-16T15:51:19.930" LastActivityDate="2017-06-18T09:49:01.980" Title="&quot;Я не хочу у вас жить&quot; - why &quot;у вас&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14625" CreationDate="2017-06-16T15:57:23.760" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;code&gt;жить&lt;/code&gt; can be used to answer the question - 'С кем ты будешь жить?' (with whom will you live?) - in that case indeed it will be &quot;я не хочу с вами жить&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the other question is &quot;у кого ты будешь жить?&quot; (roughly, at whose [place] you gonna live). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between &quot;жить с&quot; and &quot;жить у&quot; is that the first one is something more fundamental. &quot;Жить с кем-то&quot; -  implies some sort of long-term relationships of some kind - like &quot;жить с родителями&quot;, &quot;жить с девушкой&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can say &quot;жить у девушки&quot;, &quot;жить у родителей&quot;, that's both grammatically correct and used form, but, however, when you are talking about some shirt-term event, say you want to visit your uncle, you'll probably will say something like &quot;Я жил у дяди пару недель&quot;, but &quot;Я жил с дядей пару недель&quot; will sound slightly off to Russian speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there's form &quot;пожить у кого-то&quot; (but rather not &quot;пожить с кем-то&quot;) - the &quot;по-&quot; suffix here indicates some short action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-06-18T08:15:39.500" LastActivityDate="2017-06-18T08:15:39.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4089" CreationDate="2017-06-16T19:23:02.807" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means no possibility of doing something planned due to whatever reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9133" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2017-06-17T03:35:05.317" LastActivityDate="2017-06-17T03:35:05.317" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14628" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-16T21:40:05.763" Score="3" ViewCount="343" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I have read in several places online that it would be wrong to use the terms &amp;quot;soft vowels&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;hard vowels&amp;quot;, and instead it's more correct to call them vowels which indicate a preceding soft/hard consonant. Would you agree?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those writers seems to say that actually both groups of the vowels are the same vowels, they simply indicate that the preceding consonant will be pronounced in either soft or hard way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well it sounds right to me with &lt;code&gt;а, о, у, э&lt;/code&gt; versus &lt;code&gt;я, ё, ю, е&lt;/code&gt;, but not with &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt; in which the vowel itself sounds different than &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is your opinion on this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When pronouncing &lt;code&gt;я, ё, ю, е&lt;/code&gt; in a word, it sounds like in the soft case there is a /y/ that comes after (or with) the consonant, (or before a &amp;quot;hard&amp;quot; vowel). But in the case of &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; - not really (I am not sure about if there is a /y/ in that case), and also I have seen that it's compared to &amp;quot;ee&amp;quot; in the English &amp;quot;sheep&amp;quot; which has no /y/ after /sh/. Why don't they transliterate it as &amp;quot;yee&amp;quot;, if they say that &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt; is pronounced as &amp;quot;ya&amp;quot;? What is the right pronunciation of &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;code&gt;ничего&lt;/code&gt; - nyichyevo or nichyevo (or neither)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the &amp;quot;hard&amp;quot; vowels &lt;code&gt;а, о, у, э&lt;/code&gt; it seems like that the vowel itself is sharp and distinct (like in Spanish), not &amp;quot;rounded&amp;quot;. But not in &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt;. What is the reason for this &amp;quot;inconsistency&amp;quot;? I would expect a hard vowel to sound like &amp;quot;ee&amp;quot; in the English &amp;quot;sheep&amp;quot;. But it does not. And on the contrary, &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; which is more sharp and distinct is a &amp;quot;soft&amp;quot; vowel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is your opinion on this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5584" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-07-27T11:56:41.213" LastActivityDate="2020-07-27T11:56:41.213" Title="Correct pronunciation of vowels and soft/hard consonants" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;согласные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14628" CreationDate="2017-06-16T22:13:24.327" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt; don't have a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_pair&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;minimal pair&lt;/a&gt; that doesn't also involve a soft/hard contrast of the preceding consonant; therefore scholars consider them allophones of the same phoneme. That said, they're (for the most part) historically unrelated; &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt; tends to be a reflex of early Proto-Slavic (or Proto-Balto-Slavic, my chronology is shaky here) &lt;code&gt;ū&lt;/code&gt;, whereas &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; was either always &lt;code&gt;i&lt;/code&gt; or comes from diphthongs such as &lt;code&gt;ei&lt;/code&gt;. The cases where &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt; themselves trade places are few and of a later origin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using Y to convey Russian palatalisation is something I find very clumsy (not just because it erases the &lt;strong&gt;полю/полью&lt;/strong&gt; distinction, but also because it's a very poor pronunciation guide), but it's a firmly established convention. Either way, the main reason is that, unlike the other &quot;soft&quot; vowels, &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; is not &quot;yi&quot;, or &quot;yee&quot;, word-initially (except in minor dialects).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;That's just... like... your opinion, man.&quot; I'm not sure I understand what you mean by &quot;rounded&quot; if &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;у&lt;/code&gt; are &quot;unrounded&quot; under this classification. Umlaut? It has a very limited allophonic occurrence in Russian (&lt;code&gt;ю&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt; between two soft consonants), and I wouldn't at all describe &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt; as an umlauted vowel.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-06-16T22:13:24.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14630" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14631" CreationDate="2017-06-16T23:50:19.433" Score="2" ViewCount="313" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been taught that у and к both translate to &amp;quot;at&amp;quot; (as in &lt;code&gt;chez&lt;/code&gt; in French).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;У меня есть книга&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;At me, there's a book&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;I have a book&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я к врачу иду.&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;I go at the doctor&amp;quot;/&amp;quot;Je vais chez le docteur&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;I'm going to the doctor.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But then, how do we choose? I came across &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/14625/%D0%AF-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%83-%D1%83-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C-why-%D1%83-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81&quot;&gt;this sentence&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я не хочу жить у вас&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and I wondered why we could not say &amp;quot;к вам&amp;quot; instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there specific rules for у/к?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9092" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-06-17T22:58:50.777" Title="When to use &quot;у&quot; or &quot;к&quot;?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14630" CreationDate="2017-06-17T02:15:35.937" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You've been taught wrong. &lt;strong&gt;К&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;to&quot; or &quot;towards&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-06-17T02:15:35.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14630" CreationDate="2017-06-17T03:17:33.917" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A-ha-ha, I recall a French comedy calls &quot;Viens chez moi, j'habite chez une copine&quot; so that gives an idea why this question comes to your mind at all. Once again, never made assumptions on how something is supposed to be structured in one language just because it's the way it's structured in some other language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even closely-related languages can approach the very basic concepts in a very different grammatical way. See what happens here, the French &quot;chez&quot; corresponds in some cases to &quot;to&quot;, and in Russian in some cases English &quot;to&quot; corresponds to &quot;у&quot; and in some cases to &quot;к&quot; - and you make a false assumption that from that follows that phrase &quot;я не хочу жить к вам&quot; can have sense - but it just does not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Languages do not function this way. There's no sense in your question. Well, there is some in that sense that one can speculate on how things turned out this particular way providing some comparative linguistic context, but practically - finding analogies in your native language when learning new one is a slippery slope. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, you just need to learn what verbs are used with what preposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-17T03:38:05.890" LastActivityDate="2017-06-17T03:38:05.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14634" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-17T13:22:54.303" Score="4" ViewCount="1181" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a way to tell which are feminine or masculine if most nouns end with &quot;ь&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9076" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-17T21:03:13.573" LastActivityDate="2017-06-19T10:01:38.957" Title="Genders - Nouns with &quot;ь&quot;" Tags="&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14635" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-17T15:24:31.867" Score="1" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consonants:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ж, ш, ц, ч, щ (Hissing Sounds) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;л, р, б, в, г, д, м, н, з (Resonant Sounds) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;х, п, к, т, ф, с (Voiceless) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7-Letters Spelling Rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;г, к, х, ж, ш, щ, ч &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just to confirm the letters so that I can fully understand how to construct the 6 cases. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9076" LastActivityDate="2017-06-17T15:24:31.867" Title="Are These Consonants &amp; 7-Letters Spelling Rule?" Tags="&lt;согласные&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-06-17T18:10:46.140" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14636" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14634" CreationDate="2017-06-17T22:30:41.327" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;a) Any noun ending in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-нь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and meaning a physical entity that is not a part of a larger whole/not dependent on the other object is most likely a masculine (whence &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;тень, сень&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;голень&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; are exceptions - just like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;дребедень&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and the like, including swearing register):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;камень, огонь, конь, кремень, кистень, пельмень&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) Any name for an actor / occupation  / instrument ending in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-рь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (a cognate to English &lt;em&gt;-er&lt;/em&gt; in words like &lt;em&gt;maker, doer,&lt;/em&gt; etc.) is masculine:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;царь, ларь, фонарь, пономарь, пахарь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c) Any name of a month is masculine: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;январь, февраль, апрель,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;d) Any noun ending in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-тель&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and meaning an occupation or a status of doer/maker (that is, a noun derived from a verb) is masculine (a feminine form is constructed by adding &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ница&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to a masculine form):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;учитель, предводитель, изготовитель, родитель, свидетель&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e) Any noun ending in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-сть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and derived from an adjective is 99.9 % feminine:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;радость, гадость, милость, сладость, старость,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;f) This also comprises the words meaning quality and derived from an adjective, but having other than &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-сть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-ending forms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;зелень, синь, глубь, зыбь, блажь, дурь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-06-18T08:34:04.880" LastActivityDate="2017-06-18T08:34:04.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14630" CreationDate="2017-06-17T22:58:50.777" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The choice depends on semantics and semantics are to be defined by a case + preposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, when we speak about a non-motional state, we usew y (= &lt;em&gt;près de, au côté de; proche de; chez; voisinant&lt;/em&gt;) we say :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня есть/имеется вопрос.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я живу у друзей.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ключи - у соседей.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У кабинета врача - очередь.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When we speak about motion or actions addressed to other persons, we use &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;к&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (à; pour; vers; chez):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня к тебе есть/имеется вопрос.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я живу у друзей, к ним ходят соседи.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ключи - у соседей, а эти ключи к замку не подходят.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У кабинета - очередь к врачу.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strictly speaking, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;к&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in is more like &lt;em&gt;à&lt;/em&gt;, not like &lt;em&gt;chez&lt;/em&gt; (which in French stands both for a state and a motion/direction towards somebody's place).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-06-17T22:58:50.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14571" CreationDate="2017-06-17T23:09:06.390" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Historically, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is similar to а past participle form (cf. &lt;em&gt;English -de&lt;/em&gt;, Spanish &lt;em&gt;-d@&lt;/em&gt; and Swedish &lt;em&gt;-d(e) / -t&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нужно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, in turn, represents a cluster of historically &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-нъ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-ending words which in modern Russian are at a borderline between an adjective and a participle (cf. English &lt;em&gt;driven&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;striken&lt;/em&gt;, etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both forms are related to Proto-Germanic &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/naudiz&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;naudiz&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, both forms are also related to German &lt;em&gt;nehmen&lt;/em&gt; and Dutch &lt;em&gt;niemen&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word stems are preserved in modern Russian interjections:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = here you are! / Take it! (lit. 'you-take-it!', often with a less friendly / respective connotation) and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ну!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = give it (away)! I'm waiting / I agree / come on / yep, ok (lit. 'I-take-it' or 'let me take it'), used with a somewhat more friendly emphasis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, the overtones would be like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;не надо&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = It is not needed 'from your part / point of view / for/from you'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;не нужно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = it is not needed from my part / point of view / for/from me'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But most native speakers would not care about the difference, anyway, or would not explain it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS The proverbial etymology of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as a form of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;надобно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't stand any etymological scrutiny not just because words starting with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in general were  very unlucky when interpreted by Vasmer and Co, but also because such an etymology doesn't explain the sound alteration in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, stating that -до is not a suffix but a part of stem one has to admit the same for words like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;чудо, стадо&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;говядо.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-06-17T23:09:06.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14625" CreationDate="2017-06-18T09:49:01.980" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я не хочу у вас жить = I do not want to live at yours. (that is in his/her home but maybe agree to live together in a hotel)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не хочу с вами жить = I do not want to live with you. (in any place, including a hotel or dormitory)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2017-06-18T09:49:01.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14634" CreationDate="2017-06-18T22:18:20.240" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=89NUAAAAcAAJ&amp;amp;rdid=book-89NUAAAAcAAJ&amp;amp;rdot=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an excellent&lt;/a&gt; XIX century book &quot;Филологические наблюдения протоиерея Г. Павского над составом русского языка&quot; found by @YellowSky - can not be more grateful to him for this than I am! -  following rules are listed (page 332, spelling and some words modified by me to be in concordance with modern language):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Если существительное, кончающееся на &lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt;, есть собирательное или изображает отвлечённые качества, состояния или действия, то оно&#xA;  принадлежит к числу женских. Таковы существительные: &lt;code&gt;чернь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;знать&lt;/code&gt;,&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;Русь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;учь&lt;/code&gt; (this one is an obsolete word); &lt;code&gt;дрянь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;дичь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;высь&lt;/code&gt;,&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;даль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;брань&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;дурь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;блажь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;скорбь&lt;/code&gt; и т.п. Сюда относятся все&#xA;  имена отглагольные, кончающиеся на &lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt; и имена переделанные из&#xA;  действительных и страдательных причастий, кончающихся на --&lt;code&gt;-ль&lt;/code&gt;,&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;-нь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ть&lt;/code&gt;, например - &lt;code&gt;честь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;власть&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;весть&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;речь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;помощь&lt;/code&gt;,&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;память&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;быль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;прибыль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ткань&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;бить&lt;/code&gt;. Все производные имена,&#xA;  кончающиеся на &lt;code&gt;-знь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-снь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ость&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-есть&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ель&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-овь&lt;/code&gt;,&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;-вь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-явь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-евь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-адь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ежь&lt;/code&gt;, тоже принадлежат к числу имён&#xA;  женских,    например &lt;code&gt;болезнь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;песнь&lt;/code&gt; (obsolete, modern form песня),&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;казнь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;мудрость&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;гордость&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;горесть&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;свирель&lt;/code&gt;,    &lt;code&gt;любовь&lt;/code&gt;,&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;морковь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;кровь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;вервь&lt;/code&gt; (obsolete, now верёвка), &lt;code&gt;ветвь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;хоругвь&lt;/code&gt;,&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;рухлядь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;тетрадь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;площадь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;молодёжь&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Если существительное, оканчивающееся &lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt; означает одушевлённое существо женского пола, то оно женского рода, например, &lt;code&gt;мать&lt;/code&gt;,&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;дочь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;свекровь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;лань&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;нетель&lt;/code&gt; (a rare word for cow that hasn't&#xA;  gave birth so far).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Собственные имена областей и рек тоже рода женского, например, &lt;code&gt;Сибирь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Казань&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Астрахань&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Волынь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Шелонь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Припять&lt;/code&gt; и так&#xA;  далее.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все прочие имена, кончающиеся на &lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt; и не имеющие этих трёх примет&#xA;  остаются неопределёнными в отношении к их роду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My personal adviсe would be not trying to memorize any rules of this kind. &#xA;The thing is that if something is feminine or masculine in, say, 80% of cases, you still need to remember all the &quot;exceptions&quot; which can constitute a long list. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-18T22:39:48.860" LastActivityDate="2017-06-18T22:39:48.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14641" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14634" CreationDate="2017-06-18T22:53:06.843" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;A bit late to the party but I still feel my answer would be useful. You might find the rules listed in the other two answers problematic as they have lots of exceptions and they often require some knowledge about the word: whether it's an abstract noun, whether &lt;strong&gt;-арь&lt;/strong&gt; is a suffix or part of the stem etc. So I set out to find if there were any hard and fast rules that you could apply without looking up the word and that had no or very few exceptions. I wrote an adhoc program that queried  the well-known Zaliznyak's &quot;Grammatical Dictionary of Russian&quot; and here is what I found:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Words ending in &lt;strong&gt;-ость/-есть&lt;/strong&gt; are feminine: &lt;strong&gt;ра́дость, бо́дрость, со́весть, сверхтеку́честь&lt;/strong&gt;. I found only two exceptions to this rule: &lt;strong&gt;гость&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;тесть&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Words ending in &lt;strong&gt;-итель/-атель&lt;/strong&gt; are masculine: &lt;strong&gt;учи́тель, созда́тель, бомбомета́тель.&lt;/strong&gt; There are no exceptions to this rule that are worth remembering.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Words ending in &lt;strong&gt;-чь, -шь, -жь, -щь&lt;/strong&gt; are feminine: &lt;strong&gt;дочь, ночь, мышь, ложь, по́мощь&lt;/strong&gt;. There are no exceptions to this rule as it's an orthographic rule.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These rules are worth memorising because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They cover 75% of all nouns ending in &lt;strong&gt;-ь&lt;/strong&gt; (as per Zaliznyak's &quot;Grammatical dictionary&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They don't require you to know the meaning of a word, only its dictionary form.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They have no or few exceptions (all exceptions listed).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-06-19T10:01:38.957" LastActivityDate="2017-06-19T10:01:38.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14642" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-19T07:10:41.500" Score="2" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;I learnt that the form of the number changes according to the gender of the noun. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример :&#xA;Одна ручка (жен.) &#xA;Две ручка (жен.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question : How do I construct the form of the number for три, четыре, пять etc.? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9076" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-19T09:32:27.817" LastActivityDate="2017-06-20T19:45:38.013" Title="How do I construct numerals?" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14642" CreationDate="2017-06-19T07:30:39.433" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;With quantities of 10n + 1, except for 100n + 11, use the single nominative: &lt;code&gt;одна/девяносто одна/сто сорок одна ручка&lt;/code&gt;, but &lt;code&gt;тысяча пятьсот одиннадцать ручек&lt;/code&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With quantities of 10n + 2, 3, or 4, except for 100n + 12, 13, or 14 use the single genitive: &lt;code&gt;тридцать две/двести девяносто три/четыреста четыре ручки&lt;/code&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With any other quantities, including zero, use the plural genitive: &lt;code&gt;ноль/восемь/сто пятнадцать ручек&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-06-19T18:59:52.090" LastActivityDate="2017-06-19T18:59:52.090" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14642" CreationDate="2017-06-19T07:37:19.863" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пример : Одна ручка (жен.) Две ручка (жен.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually &lt;em&gt;Две ручк&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, as the noun also changes appropriately (here it's in plural form).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How do I construct the form of the number for три, четыре, пять etc.?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only numbers &lt;em&gt;один&lt;/em&gt; (1) and &lt;em&gt;два&lt;/em&gt; (2) are changed (and also numbers ending in 1 or 2, except 11 and 12, e.g. 21, 42 etc.). 3, 4, ..., 9 are not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus you have to teach only the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;один стол (masc.) - одна комната (fem.) - одно окно (n.) - одни стулья (pl.)&#xA;два стола (masc.) - две комнаты (fem.) ... два &quot;everything else&quot;&#xA;три ... &quot;everything else&quot;&#xA;(btw. &quot;один&quot; also means &quot;only&quot;, so &quot;одни стулья&quot; pretty much reads as &quot;only chairs&quot;)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2017-06-19T07:42:48.537" LastActivityDate="2017-06-19T07:42:48.537" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14642" CreationDate="2017-06-19T07:51:44.963" Score="2" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nominative: одна ручка, две(три,четыре) ручки (genitive singular),&#xA;пять ручек (genitive plural) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Genitive: одной ручки (genitive   singular), двух(трёх, четырёх, пяти) ручек (genitive plural), пяти ручек (genitive plural) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Dative: одной ручке (dative singular),&#xA;двум(трём, четырём, пяти) ручкам (dative plural) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Accusative for inanimate: одну ручку (accusative singular), две(три, четыре) ручки (genitive singular), пять ручек (genitive plural)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Accusative for animate: одну&#xA;кошку (accusative singular), двух(трёх, четырёх) кошек (accusative plural=genitive plural), пять кошек (accusative plural=genitive plural)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Instrumental: одной ручкой&#xA;(instrumental singular), двумя (тремя, четырьмя, пятью) ручками&#xA;(instrumental plural)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Prepositional: об одной ручке (prep. singular),&#xA;o двух (трёх, четырёх, пяти) ручках (prep. plural).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note also how the numericals declense in each case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;miracles&quot; happen only when the phrase is either in nominative or in accusative for inanimate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2017-06-19T08:01:23.960" LastActivityDate="2017-06-19T08:01:23.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14648" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-19T18:39:58.217" Score="5" ViewCount="690" Body="&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вчера я шел в магазин купить хлеб.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вчера я пошел в магазин купить хлеб.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you translate the first as &quot;Yesterday I was going to the store to buy bread,&quot; you need a further clause in English such as &quot;..and I feel down.&quot; If such a clause is not necessary in Russian what is a possible translation that makes sense in English? Natasha's site once had this:  Вчера я шел в магазин. Я купил .... (I forget what it was.)  Why not &quot;я пошел?&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8289" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-19T18:58:05.840" LastActivityDate="2017-06-28T14:24:55.523" Title="&quot;Я шёл в магазин&quot; или &quot;я пошёл в магазин&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14649" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14648" CreationDate="2017-06-19T18:55:49.913" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually you are right, congrats for understanding Russian that deep. in first case native speaker indeed will expect some second part, something like &quot;я шёл в магазин и увидел огромную ворону&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one want to indicate the action itself he/she will probably use &quot;пошёл/пошла в магазин&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase that you've mentioned is just clumsy but that happens in colloquial speech. Just like you heard sometimes some grammar inconsistencies in English usage. Somebody was just inaccurate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-06-19T18:55:49.913" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14652" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-20T01:42:43.497" Score="5" ViewCount="661" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am reading now a book about Russian language (The big silver book of Russian language p. 2) and it's written there that when people want to talk to new people then they should say the sentence: &quot;Давайте будем на ты&quot;. I've never came across it. Is it indeed done? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ты&lt;/strong&gt; is  the  informal  usage  for  you.  It  is  used  with  family &#xA;  members,  children,  close friends,  and  pets.  When  Russians  wish &#xA;  to  speak  informally  to  one  another  for  the first time, they&#xA;  say, “ &lt;strong&gt;Давайте будем на ты&lt;/strong&gt;  .”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The  Russian  has  two  forms  for  you.  They  vary  according  to &#xA;  formality  and  number.Тыis informal singular, &lt;strong&gt;вы&lt;/strong&gt; is formal singular&#xA;  and both formal and informal plural. &lt;strong&gt;Вы&lt;/strong&gt; is the marker of formality,&#xA;  politeness, and seniority. Whenever you are in doubtabout  which  form&#xA;  to  use,  err  on  the  side  of  caution  and  use  the  polite  form&#xA;  (&lt;strong&gt;Вы&lt;/strong&gt;) unless you are speaking to a child or a pet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastActivityDate="2017-06-26T20:48:31.510" Title="&quot;Давайте будем на ты&quot; - a useful sentence?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14652" CreationDate="2017-06-20T06:36:59.913" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes.&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;Давайте будем на ты&quot;, is a well known and standard phrase. You can also say &quot;давай будем на ты&quot; to emphasize the fact that you are very inclined to be less formal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other standard forms are: &quot;Давай[те]/Может [сразу]/[перейдём] на ты?&quot; or &quot;можно на ты [сразу]/[уже]?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's worth to know also the verb &quot;тыкать&quot;. It's a colloquial term for referring someone by &quot;ты&quot;. You can here something like &quot;Ничего, что я тыкаю? Мы ж всего день знакомы&quot;. The verb &quot;тыкать&quot; has homonym which translated as &quot;to poke&quot; and should not be confused with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-20T11:29:59.240" LastActivityDate="2017-06-20T11:29:59.240" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14652" CreationDate="2017-06-20T06:40:16.643" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, absolutely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would not suggest to say &quot;&lt;code&gt;*давай* будем на ты&lt;/code&gt;&quot;, because this seems rude to me. You start to call your vis-a-vis &quot;ты&quot; before she/he gave her/his consent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another common expression is &lt;code&gt;предлагаю перейти на ты&lt;/code&gt;. This expression avoids using either ты or вы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-20T06:44:49.653" LastActivityDate="2017-06-20T06:44:49.653" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14648" CreationDate="2017-06-20T09:12:07.493" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вчера я шёл в магазин. Я купил ....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence is possible on its own, but it &lt;em&gt;doesn't combine&lt;/em&gt; with the second one (there must be &lt;strong&gt;пошёл&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;ходил&lt;/strong&gt; instead of шёл). Why? The meaning in case of &lt;strong&gt;шёл&lt;/strong&gt; is 'I was walking towards the store/shop (in order to buy something)'. The &lt;em&gt;expected story&lt;/em&gt; just after it is that something happened &lt;em&gt;on the way&lt;/em&gt; (e. g. I met a friend), while the result of going to the shop (I bought something) sounds unnatural. The version with &lt;strong&gt;пошёл&lt;/strong&gt; typically describes a &lt;em&gt;sequence of events&lt;/em&gt; (then I bought something, etc.) and another possiible version using &lt;strong&gt;ходил&lt;/strong&gt; is about &lt;em&gt;'where I was (what I was doing)'&lt;/em&gt; at the time mentioned (yesterday).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-06-20T09:12:07.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14656" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14671" CreationDate="2017-06-20T15:19:45.020" Score="6" ViewCount="410" Body="&lt;p&gt;I noticed recently that there are many verbs derived from ехать by adding prefixes, such as уехать or доехать, which are all perfective, and whose imperfective forms are created by add the prefix to the iterative/frequentative form of ехать, езжать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question 1:&lt;/strong&gt; why are there no verbs formed by modifying ездить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Attempt:&lt;/strong&gt; My guess was that this is because ездить is abstract while ехать is concrete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that makes no sense as an explanation, because while ходить is abstract, and идти is concrete, there are verbs formed by adding prefixes to ходить, but there are not any formed by adding prefixes to идти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="7239" LastEditDate="2017-06-20T16:02:25.620" LastActivityDate="2017-11-24T19:18:41.300" Title="Why are there verbs derived from ехать but not ездить?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14657" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14668" CreationDate="2017-06-20T16:04:00.750" Score="5" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;Despite the fact that both ходить and ехать are imperfective verbs, the verbs formed by adding prefixes to ходить are imperfective, while those formed by adding prefixes to ехать are perfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question 2:&lt;/strong&gt; Why doesn't ходить form perfective verbs when adding prefixes, with the imperfective forms created by adding the same prefix to the iterative/frequentive form of ходить, хаживать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(It gets even more confusing if one also compares how verbs are formed for возить/везти/носить/нести when adding prefixes, but I will stop here for now.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2017-06-21T05:33:06.490" Title="Why are there verbs derived from ходить, but not идти?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14658" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-20T18:07:54.860" Score="5" ViewCount="744" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to say &quot;which one&quot; in Russian (feminine - example: for dresses &quot;Which one should i buy?&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9144" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-21T10:21:29.407" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T17:03:01.853" Title="How to say &quot;which one&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14659" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14658" CreationDate="2017-06-20T18:28:17.287" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;em&gt;которое&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Какое&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;которое&lt;/em&gt; are quite similar in meaning, but the latter is not an open-ended question, it assumes a choice out of several possibilities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Какое платье мне купить? // What dress should I buy?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A valid answer might be &quot;a long one&quot;, &quot;a red one&quot; or &quot;this one&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Которое платье мне купить? // Which dress should I buy?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question assumes the buyer has several dresses to choose from and needs to pick one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2017-06-20T18:28:17.287" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14658" CreationDate="2017-06-20T20:06:29.780" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well,  a dress as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;платье&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is indeed not a Feminine but a Neutrum word, because it ends in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-е&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (like the rest of -&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, -&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and -&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-ending Neutrum words).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But then, we have &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;одежда&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which is less gender-specific socioculturally but is a Feminine word indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to practice some mental acrobatics with Gander/Case/Definite-Indefinite/Animate-Inanimate criteria, you should observe the options for each pair in each case (depending on Animate-Inanimate opposition, an object in Masculine gender could be either in Genitive-like or in Accusative form):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Masculine: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;какой/который&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (Inanimate) или &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;какого/которого&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (Animate)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neutrum: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;какое / которое&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feminine: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;какую / которую&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This refers to the objects cases only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An easier and universal construction (which could sound to a native speaker a little bit strange due to its modality of being non-evident/indefinite) is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Что за...?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It goes like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Что за платье / куклу вуду/ сотрудника / компьютер тебе взять?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-06-20T20:06:29.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14656" CreationDate="2017-06-20T20:26:45.300" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To start with, here is &lt;a href=&quot;https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/a/3302/1686&quot;&gt;a brief introduction&lt;/a&gt; into the aspectual system of Russian verbs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, the main aspectual pairs shall be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;habitual - iterative: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ездить - ехать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;perfect - imperfect : &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;поехать - ехать/ездить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;progressive - non-progressive: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;поехать/ехать - поездить/ездить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ездить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is habitual, imperfective, non-progressive, and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ехать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is iterative, imperfective, progressive.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Right now I cannot think of an imperfect motion verb in Russian that would also be habitual + progressive or iterative and non-progressive at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although it might seem to be natural to suppose that a conventional language logic saldom offers an idea of an action that would be pefect and non-progressive, but there are such verbs in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E. g. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;поездить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a perfective and non-progressive (whether it's iterative or not is out of the scope of my answer). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-06-20T20:26:45.300" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14663" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14672" CreationDate="2017-06-20T22:07:47.750" Score="5" ViewCount="794" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to come up with some search heuristics for Russian first names and it would speed up the process if I could eliminate searching through certain names.  There's obvious letters that could I can skip (Q, X) but being able to skip more common letters would speed things up.  Would I miss any major names by skipping C?  Any other good letters to skip?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6141" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T15:40:05.853" Title="Do any transliterated Russian names begin with the letter C?" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14663" CreationDate="2017-06-20T22:13:49.543" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, the majority of Russian names have Greek or Jewish origin, but well, that is the state of things for centuries, so let consider them Russian. In that case, there's at least one common Russian name (originally Greek), &lt;code&gt;Кирилл&lt;/code&gt;, which is usually transliterated with 'C' - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cyril&lt;/a&gt;. While it can be transliterated also as Kirill, Kiryl, Kirillos, Kyrylo, Kiril - the C-form is the most accepted. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to answer your question, you'll miss at least one popular name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; @SomeWittyUsername has a very reasonable point that Cyril can be treated rather as a corresponding western name rather than a transliteration. Well, I tend to agree. If you take some modern Russian celebrity, you'll see that it's most likely will referred as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirill_Serebrennikov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kirill&lt;/a&gt; -&#xA; - but! - however, you'll still &lt;a href=&quot;https://rusreality.com/2017/05/24/the-head-of-the-bolshoi-theatre-wrote-a-letter-to-putin-from-for-interrogation-serebrennikov/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;encounter Cyril&lt;/a&gt; form a lot. It's a bit tricky to tell apart &quot;real&quot; transliteration and the forms constantly used. Since the question is about not missing somebody Russian in some non-Russian language list - &lt;code&gt;Cyril&lt;/code&gt; still should be kept in mind. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, historical figures of Russian origin are usually still referred with C-form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-20T22:53:51.213" LastActivityDate="2017-06-20T22:53:51.213" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14665" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-21T02:21:32.520" Score="5" ViewCount="241" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't seem to find a translation for &quot;everyone's&quot; as in &quot;They took everyone's phones.&quot; Is there a word for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastActivityDate="2018-01-10T01:02:44.957" Title="Translation for &quot;everyone's&quot;/&quot;everybody's&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14665" CreationDate="2017-06-21T04:02:49.880" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;We usually translate &amp;quot;everyone/everybody &amp;quot; either &amp;quot;все&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;каждый&amp;quot; meaning the whole group or each person separately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Телефоны отобрали у всех.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Каждому дали книгу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-06-21T04:02:49.880" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14667" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14670" CreationDate="2017-06-21T05:12:56.800" Score="2" ViewCount="865" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://learnrussian.rt.com/grammar-tables/verbs-of-motion-with-prefixes/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Both this website&lt;/a&gt; and my grammar workbook state that the meaning of по- in the verbs пойти and поехать is to indicate the beginning (but not necessarily the completion) of an action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I thought that they were just (empty) perfectivizing prefixes, to the extent that поехать and пойти can even be used as the perfectives for ездить and ходить respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; So if one uses поехать or пойти, can one infer that the action has been (will be) completed, or just that the action began (will begin), without knowing anything about the final results/consequences of that action?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example, if I say: &lt;code&gt;Она пошла на работу&lt;/code&gt; do I mean, (1) she left for work (began the process of going to work) or (2) she left for and arrived at work, i.e. completed her journey to work?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I.e., does по- here mean (1) the action was begun or (2) the action was completed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2017-06-21T08:04:11.097" Title="Meaning of prefix по- in verbs поехать and пойти" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14657" CreationDate="2017-06-21T05:33:06.490" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are lots of verbs with prefixes derived from &lt;strong&gt;идти&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;войти, найти, пойти, сойти, прийти, уйти, подойти, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these verbs &quot;и&quot; changes to -й- and -дт- changes to  original -т- ( The original form was &quot;ити&quot;). There was a form &quot;придти&quot;, which is obsolete now and we use прийти instead. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This verb has the form приду (not прийду), придешь, придут in the future tense omitting the letter й. But other verbs войду, пойду, уйду, подойду don't drop it.&#xA;In the past tense there is a form шёл, шла, шло, шли and with the corresponding prefixes we have пошёл, сошёл, вышел, перешёл, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-06-21T05:33:06.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14667" CreationDate="2017-06-21T05:42:23.087" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In your example, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она пошла на работу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means (1) the action was begun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can mean 'She just left for work' or 'She started a new job / resumed her job' [after a break].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can easily imagine a situation where&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она пошла на работу, но попала в пробку и вернулась домой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'She left for work, but got stuck in traffic and came back home.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-06-21T05:42:23.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14667" CreationDate="2017-06-21T05:53:00.297" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;With motional verbs, prefix &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; means beginning of motion. Inversal case would have the prefix &lt;strong&gt;при&lt;/strong&gt;, when ending the motion (arriving to some place).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8961" LastEditorUserId="8961" LastEditDate="2017-06-21T08:04:11.097" LastActivityDate="2017-06-21T08:04:11.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14656" CreationDate="2017-06-21T06:32:09.383" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I have mentioned, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;заездить, изъездить, наездить, объездить, выездить, поездить, проездить, съездить &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;are the verbs derived from &lt;strong&gt;ездить&lt;/strong&gt;. Some of them have an imperfective pair in a certain meaning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, ездить is a multidirectional verb (going in different directions or several times). Ехать is a unidirectional verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выездить/объездить лошадь – выезжать/объезжать  лошадь (verbs concerning the tamining of horses ). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pair выезжать – выехать (to leave, depart) has a different meaning&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Объездить /объехать весь мир (to travel worldwide ) doesn't have a pair.&#xA;Заездить, though originated from the same source, doesn't  have an imperf. pair ( to torture ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I believe it's really confusing, because verbs have lots of meanings and different perf/imperf. pairs. Each time people should consult a dictionary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-06-21T06:32:09.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14663" CreationDate="2017-06-21T08:05:59.850" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Short answer:&lt;/strong&gt; normally transliterated Russian names cannot start with &lt;code&gt;C&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Long answer:&lt;/strong&gt; sometimes the name bearer can change that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a law (&lt;a href=&quot;http://base.garant.ru/70705606/#block_289&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Приложение N 6 к Приказу ФМС от 26.03.2014 N 211&lt;/a&gt;) that explicitly states how Cyrillic names should be transliterated in Russian-issued foreign passports. However, it also states that applicant may have their name registered in other transliteration variant if they provide an official document (e.g. a passport issued under older rules, by foreign country's authority etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also some people prefer to use more &amp;quot;westernized&amp;quot; variants of their names (especially in social networks):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Константин&lt;/strong&gt; → &lt;em&gt;Constantin&lt;/em&gt; (instead of &lt;em&gt;Konstantin&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Клавдия&lt;/strong&gt; → &lt;em&gt;Claudia&lt;/em&gt; (instead of &lt;em&gt;Klavdiya&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Клара&lt;/strong&gt; → &lt;em&gt;Clara&lt;/em&gt; (instead of &lt;em&gt;Klara&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This may also apply to foreign citizens of Russian descent, a notable example is Russian-Estonian &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puppey&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Климент Иванов (Clement Ivanov)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Initial &lt;code&gt;C&lt;/code&gt; aside, there are also other interesting cases. Famous boxer &lt;strong&gt;Владимир Кличко&lt;/strong&gt; spent most of his career in Germany and was promoted there, so he choose his name to be written in German translit: &lt;em&gt;Wladimir Wladimirowitsch Klitschko.&lt;/em&gt; This variant passed on into all official sources. A counterexample is another famous boxer &lt;strong&gt;Костя Цзю,&lt;/strong&gt; known internationally as &lt;em&gt;Kostya Tszyu,&lt;/em&gt; which is closer to traditional Latin translitertion of Russian. As he is of Korean descent, he may have chosen to be written &lt;em&gt;Ju&lt;/em&gt; (주) but obviously preferred not to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-06-21T08:18:38.433" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14673" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-21T08:18:34.723" Score="7" ViewCount="725" Body="&lt;p&gt;возить/везти/носить/нести are all imperfective verbs meaning &quot;to carry&quot;, возить/носить are abstract, везти/нести are concrete, возить/везти are by vehicle, and носить/нести are by foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this regard they are similar to ездить/ехать/ходить/идти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When one makes prefixed verbs to alter the meaning of &quot;to carry&quot;, возить/носить are often (always?) treated like imperfective, and везти/нести are treated like the perfective counterparts of возить/носить, despite the fact that везти/нести are imperfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To clarify what I mean, here are some examples:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;при&lt;strong&gt;возить&lt;/strong&gt;/при&lt;strong&gt;везти&lt;/strong&gt; (imperfective/perfective -- to bring here by vehicle)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;при&lt;strong&gt;носить&lt;/strong&gt;/при&lt;strong&gt;нести&lt;/strong&gt; (imperfective/perfective -- to bring here on foot)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;от&lt;strong&gt;носить&lt;/strong&gt;/от&lt;strong&gt;нести&lt;/strong&gt; (imperfective/perfective -- to refer)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;произ&lt;strong&gt;носить&lt;/strong&gt;/произ&lt;strong&gt;нести&lt;/strong&gt; (imperfective/perfective -- to pronounce)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; Why are the behaviors of the verbs возить/везти/носить/нести so different between the unprefixed and prefixed verbs? Is there a historical reason for this perhaps?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or are we supposed to understand that abstract verbs naturally replace imperfective verbs and concrete verbs naturally replace perfective verbs in some contexts? If so, then why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why aren't there two imperfective/perfective verb pairs, one abstract, one concrete, e.g. привозывать/привозить and привеживать/привезти?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2017-07-03T14:25:32.303" Title="Why are возить/везти and носить/нести related as they are in prefixed verbs?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14658" CreationDate="2017-06-21T16:15:34.813" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the given question &quot;Which one should i buy?&quot; I would separately focus on two words, &quot;one&quot; and &quot;should&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;ONE&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answers given suggest the full phrase &quot;Which of the dresses ...&quot;. However in casual speech repeating the topic every now and then often feels excessive, that is why &quot;one&quot; is used instead of &quot;dress&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on the informality level, upon how close are relations and how recent was last mentioning of the topic (like, if you were to the shop month ago - no one would understand which &quot;one&quot; was meant. OTOH going out of the dressing room holding a pack of dresses makes the topic obvious), there can be few options more or less verbose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какое из них купить? - Which [one] of them to buy?&#xA;Какое покупаем? - Which [one] are we buying?&#xA;Ну и какое?/Ну и которое? - So [in the end] which one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Какое/которое split.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are very close, so hard to draw the line. For me the &quot;который&quot; pronoun has a slightly different shade, as I feel it. It hints that there is some pressing need, some task to do with one dress, but you do not know which one. Like &quot;Did you washed that your dress clean?&quot; &quot;Which one?&quot; - &quot;Ты отстирала своё платье?&quot; &quot;Какое именно?&quot;/&quot;Которое?&quot;&#xA;Or like leaving a dress-room with a pack and met with &quot;Still i think the dress bears an unreasonable pricetag...&quot; you can demand clearance &quot;Which one&quot; - &quot;Которое?&quot;. There is a fixed and readily available list of thing, and you have to point into it. Like Quassnoi's comment with &quot;которое из двух&quot; - there is an immediate list of two options, stop hesitating and put your finger upon one of the rows!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But personally in a general surfing around the shop and looking here and there, and maybe deciding to buy nothing or buy pants instead of dress - in such a blurry situation &quot;кoторое&quot; would feel a bit unnatural, a bit too specific, a bit too focused, demanding. Again, in such a surf-around there is not fixed and specific list to point your finger. There is some general idea of dresses suiting better or worse. So, &quot;какое&quot; would feel more natural for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;SHOULD&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;shall&quot; verb, as I heard, is a very demanding one. To the point in British English today even I/We is often used with &quot;will&quot; instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, i'd start with softer options.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Какое платье мне лучше купить?&quot; - &quot;Which dress would I better buy?&quot; - asking for an advice rather than order.&#xA;&quot;Какое лучше купить?&quot; - the more conversational, informal shortened phrase. Assuming the contexts is immediately available.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Какое [платье] покупаем?&quot; - &quot;Which dress we are buying now?&quot;. Considers the purchase as a joint activity. The wallet is not necessarily shared, but the time and opinions they were.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;should I buy&quot; is somewhat demanding an order. Like a family in a ties section. The husband can get a bit annoyed &quot;All those shades look the same color to me. I see no difference. If you, sweetheart, can tell them from one another, stop trying 1000 shades of gray, just show me which damned one tie should I bye, and I accept your taste and your judgment.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(В конце концов...) (Ну и всё-таки,..) какое (же) платье мне купить?&#xA;Or even &quot;...мне покупать?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here it sounds to me like &quot;...мне надлежит купить?&quot; - &quot;...I ought to buy?&quot;.&#xA;Or &quot;...какое же платье ты мне скажешь купить?&quot; - &quot;...you would tell me to buy?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a casual non-stressed situation, i'd &quot;soften&quot; the &quot;buy&quot; verb by &quot;лучше&quot; (just want you non-binding opinion) or by plural inclination (we are together in this activity). The direct indefinite-tense &quot;мне купить&quot; would sound annoyed to my ear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2017-06-21T16:15:34.813" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14673" CreationDate="2017-06-21T17:30:19.547" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;привозывать/привозить and привеживать/привезти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I got your idea, you want there be some fixed root(stem?) and some uniform setoff suffixes and endings(post suffixes).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have a hypothesis that it maybe always is the case, or once was.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;воз/вез looks like the same root with volatile vowel (чередующаяся гласная).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then we would take возить/везти pair, and the difference remained is -ить and -ти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next thing to try would be morphologic deconstruction of those words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I open &lt;a href=&quot;http://ya.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://ya.ru&lt;/a&gt; and look for &quot;разбор слова на части&quot; (он же морфологический или морфемный разбор). The top 4 links follow:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://vnutrislova.net/%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80/%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://vnutrislova.net/%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80/%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&lt;/a&gt; - claims to have &quot;algorithmic&quot; deconstruction, so it does not depend upon vocabularies, but computer heuristic might span wrong results.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://udarenieru.ru/index.php?morph_word=%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD&amp;amp;word&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://udarenieru.ru/index.php?morph_word=%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD&amp;amp;word&lt;/a&gt; - works nice, but don't forget to choose &quot;морфемика&quot; button.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://sostavslova.ru/search/?text=%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://sostavslova.ru/search/?text=%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&lt;/a&gt; - don't work for me. Very slow and in the end you get a list of related words, nothing more.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://morphemeonline.ru/%D0%92/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://morphemeonline.ru/В/возить&lt;/a&gt; - again, very slow. But their homepage lists a number of paper books on Russian words morphology :-) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Okay, in &quot;везти&quot; word all the working services see &quot;вез&quot; root with &quot;ти&quot; ending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &quot;возить&quot; word services #1 and #2 see &quot;воз&quot; root with &quot;и&quot; suffix and &quot;ть&quot; ending. Historically &quot;-ть&quot; is merely a shortened &quot;-ти&quot;, I think. You may say &quot;возити&quot; and you would sound funny archaic, but it would be understandable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The #4 service thinks &quot;воз&quot; and &quot;и&quot; are both roots! And &quot;ть&quot; is suddenly a suffix. I wonder.... Looks like some &quot;off-by-one&quot; bug.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to wrap things up, with воз-и-ть and вез-ти you have&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a very close roots, to the point that I personally feel them the same root with alternating vowel,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an almost the same ending,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and then there is the only significant difference left: empty suffix or &quot;и&quot; suffix.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You wanted the uniform rule of constructing words here, didn't you? :-D&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2017-06-21T17:38:50.400" LastActivityDate="2017-06-21T17:38:50.400" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14676" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14678" CreationDate="2017-06-21T18:39:57.133" Score="1" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;If этой refers to the current week, what does the verb being in the past tense mean or imply?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7330" LastEditorUserId="4753" LastEditDate="2017-06-22T04:06:57.983" LastActivityDate="2017-06-22T09:09:18.480" Title="&quot;на этой неделе, я было дома, никуда не ездила&quot; is this some past structure or the этой here refers to some week that already happened?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14676" CreationDate="2017-06-21T19:16:21.440" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;At first, let me to correct your sentence.&#xA;&quot;На этой неделе я была дома, никуда не ездила.&quot;&#xA;Because &quot;Я был&quot; if I'm male and &quot;Я была&quot; if I'm female.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you say &quot;На этой неделе я сижу дома&quot; it means that you are sitting right now (like present continuous in English. Example: &quot;Today I'm sitting home.&quot;). It starts on Monday (or Sunday, it doesn't matter) and ends on Sunday.&#xA;If you say &quot;На этой неделе я сидел/сидела дома&quot; it means that you were at home last week. Like today is Saturday, you are going to the cinema, but for a whole week between Monday and Friday you sat home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9152" LastEditorUserId="4753" LastEditDate="2017-06-22T04:07:47.250" LastActivityDate="2017-06-22T04:07:47.250" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14676" CreationDate="2017-06-21T20:57:33.260" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's draw a timeline: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Beginning of the current - - - - - now - - - - - End of the current &#xA;     week/month/year            (or today)        week/month/year&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using the past tense you cover the time span from the beginning until now: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На этой неделе я была дома. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that you were staying at home from Monday till now (today).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using the future tense you cover the time from now until the end:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На этой неделе я буду дома. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that you are going to stay at home from now till Sunday. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using the present you are talking about the whole time from the beginning to the end:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На этой неделе я (сижу) дома - I stay at home this week. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally you use the past tense near the end of the time scale and the future near the beginning. &quot;На этой неделе я буду дома&quot; being said on Friday would be very unusual. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2017-06-22T09:09:18.480" LastActivityDate="2017-06-22T09:09:18.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14673" CreationDate="2017-06-21T21:05:09.207" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Thе words in each of the two groups are considered to have the same root. However, for historical reasons, a single root may have multiple forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Russian Derivational Dictionary (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reports/2007/R489part1.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;volume 1&lt;/a&gt;, pages 94-96), there are 6 different forms of root &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;воз&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;зана&lt;strong&gt;важ&lt;/strong&gt;ивать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вез&lt;/strong&gt;ти&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;под&lt;strong&gt;вёз&lt;/strong&gt;ший&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;уна&lt;strong&gt;вож&lt;/strong&gt;енный&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;воз&lt;/strong&gt;ить&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;об&lt;strong&gt;оз&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same dictionary shows 5 forms of root &lt;strong&gt;нос&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reports/2007/R489part3.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;volume 3&lt;/a&gt;, pages 401-404):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;вы&lt;strong&gt;наш&lt;/strong&gt;ивать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;нес&lt;/strong&gt;ти&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;при&lt;strong&gt;нёс&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;нос&lt;/strong&gt;ить&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;нош&lt;/strong&gt;ение&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the words in your examples are related - they share the same root.  Prefixes change the meaning of the word and sometimes change very significantly.  You found some examples, but there are many more.  There are some general patterns that help you understand the meaning of the word. You may understand a word, because you know the root and the prefix, but often enough you need to consult a dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-06-23T13:17:59.967" LastActivityDate="2017-06-23T13:17:59.967" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14680" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14681" CreationDate="2017-06-22T03:33:51.857" Score="6" ViewCount="912" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortillon&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tool&lt;/a&gt; used by artists called &lt;em&gt;blending stump&lt;/em&gt; (in English) or &lt;em&gt;tortillon&lt;/em&gt; (in French). But I cannot find the word for it in Russian. This is how they (tools) look like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tQvjp.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tQvjp.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9155" LastEditorUserId="9155" LastEditDate="2017-06-26T10:41:48.007" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T15:43:20.687" Title="What is the Russian word for &quot;blending stump&quot; (artist's tool)?" Tags="&lt;словарь&gt;&lt;терминология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14680" CreationDate="2017-06-22T04:21:17.900" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's called Растушка, растушовка/растушёвка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;blending stump&#xA;Искусство: растушка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Универсальный англо-русский словарь. Академик.ру. 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;from th verb растушевывать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;РАСТУШКА — и (чаще) РАСТУШОВКА, растушовки, жен. (спец.). 1. только ед. Действие по гл. растушевать растушевывать. 2. Скрученная из бумаги или другого мягкого материала заостренная палочка для тушовки (живоп. спец.). Толковый словарь Ушакова. Д.Н. Ушаков.… …   Толковый словарь Ушакова&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Растушёвка – это в общем-то частный случай штриховки. После нанесения штрихов, используя свойства графита карандаша и свой инструмент для растушевки (растушку) , штрихи как бы размазывают до получения однородного тона.&#xA;Держать растушку при работе надо под углом и ни в коем случае не перпендикулярно плоскости листа. Лучше всего аналогом бумажной (замшевой) скрученной растушки будет служить кусок натуральной винной пробки заточенной на конус или клином с тонким рабочим концом. Также в качестве растушки можно использовать кусочек ватки, ватную палочку, кусок мягкой бумаги, свернутый на конус и т. п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-06-22T16:54:17.950" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14663" CreationDate="2017-06-22T07:23:13.543" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for other letters for skipping - H (with the same exclusion of Western correlates - Genrikh/Henry, etc.), and W (again, Vilyam/Uilyam/William can be an exclusion, but then, it's not quite a major Russian name anyway). Russian words with Cyrillic Х are to be given with Kh not H (Khariton, Khruschev, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2017-06-22T07:23:13.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14685" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-22T16:56:47.717" Score="1" ViewCount="252" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какой самый удачный синоним у слова «прозрачный» в таком контексте?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это повышает уровень прозрачности процессов и экономит время на&#xA;  взаимодействие между участниками.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9160" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-22T17:42:16.983" LastActivityDate="2017-06-22T17:42:16.983" Title="Синоним слова «прозрачный» в значении «понятный и честный»" Tags="&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14686" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14685" CreationDate="2017-06-22T17:25:48.620" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Согласно &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.linguee.com/english-russian/search?source=auto&amp;amp;query=transparency+level&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Linguee&lt;/a&gt; английское &lt;strong&gt;transparency level&lt;/strong&gt; переводится несколькими способами:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;уровень прозрачности&lt;/strong&gt; - очень распространено.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;открытость&lt;/strong&gt; - распространено гораздо реже&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;транспарентность&lt;/strong&gt; - распространённый перевод, но лично мне не нравится&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-06-22T17:25:48.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14685" CreationDate="2017-06-22T17:27:00.683" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Дело в том, что стопроцентные синонимы хоть редко, но существуют, но тогда ваш вопрос лишён смысла - зачем менять одно слово на другое, условно говоря, неотличимое от него?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слова же, частично пересекающиеся по значению, которые, к тому же могут зависеть от контекста - для слова прозрачный это может быть и &lt;code&gt;открытый&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;простой&lt;/code&gt;, и &lt;code&gt;наглядный&lt;/code&gt; и (для любителей умных слов) &lt;code&gt;транспарентный&lt;/code&gt; - но ни одно из них не лучше в этом конкретном предложении. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово &quot;прозрачный&quot; тут очень к месту употреблено и моим ответом будет - &lt;strong&gt;никакой синоним не самый удачный&lt;/strong&gt;, чтобы вы под &quot;удачным&quot; не подразумевали. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если же перед вами стоит задача избавиться по каким-то причинам от какого-то слова в принципе (ну, например, в тексте оно уже несколько раз употреблялось, мало ли), то иногда решение этой проблемы кроется в применении чуть более радикальных средств, чем замена синонимом - можно перекроить предложение целиком, но оставить тот же смысл. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, вместо &quot;повышает уровень прозрачности процессов&quot; можно сказать что-нибудь (опять-таки, в зависимости от контекста): &quot;улучшает контролируемость процессов&quot; или &quot;помогает упросить механизмы контроля процессов&quot; и так далее. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-22T17:35:09.940" LastActivityDate="2017-06-22T17:35:09.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14673" CreationDate="2017-06-22T18:42:40.527" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's take a step back and look at two interrelated concepts: the two kinds of motion expressed by Russian verbs of motion and the two aspects of verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unprefixed verbs of motion are all imperfective. That means that they refer to motion which was, is, or will be &lt;em&gt;taking place&lt;/em&gt; at the time named. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я иду в магазин.&#xA;I am on my way to the store.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я шёл в магазин.&#xA;I was on my way to the store.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я буду идти в магазин.&#xA;I will be walking to the store.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Verbs of motion come in two forms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unidirectional (which you call concrete):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я шёл в магазин.&#xA;I was on my way to the store.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я шёл с рынка.&#xA;I was walking from the marketplace.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This implies purposeful motion leading to a predictable change in the traveler's location. It implies physical progress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Multidirectional (which you call abstract):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я ходил по магазинам.&#xA;I visited the stores.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since ходить describes motion in various unspecified directions, it is difficult to say where it leaves the traveler. Thus, it does not imply progress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this related to the question of which which motion verbs become perfective when prefixed? Remember that the perfective aspect of a verb refers to an action or event which the narrator wishes to portray as completed and as advancing his narrative (or argument).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us explain by starting with an imperfective example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы пили молоко и пели песни.&#xA;We were drinking milk and singing songs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this may have been a fun way to spend an evening (or not), it does not take the plot in any obvious direction. This statement does not prepare the listener for any new developement of the plot. Compare this to the following perfective statement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я пришёл домой и нашёл письмо от адвоката.&#xA;I got home and found a letter from a lawyer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here we have clear narrative progression. The speaker's unidirectional motion toward his home was continued until he arrived. Because he arrived he was able to find the letter. Here we see that the verb прийти expresses an idea (arrival) which advances narratives. The ability to express such an idea (rather than some morphological feature) is what makes it a perfective verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note the distinction between making progress (which идти does) and advancing the narrative (which прийти does). A character's physical progress on his journey does not advance the narrative to the next step until it fulfils some defined goal. The goal is specified by adding a prefix such as при-, у-, от-, об-, с-, на-, до- etc. These prefixes are prepositions doing double duty. They specify a relationship to physical objects (such as persons or landmarks) which the motion is to achieve. Reaching such a defined point turns the motion into a perfected fact able to advance the narrative to the next step.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perfectivity of a motion verb requires both these elements: the motion must make progress, and it must reach or pass a goal post. By doing so it produces an effect which advances the narrative to the next step. Only prefixed unidirectional motion verbs provide both elements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prefixed multidirectional verbs of motion define the goal, but because they describe aimless, circular, or repeated motion, they do not move the character to a specific location for the next step of the narrative. While &amp;quot;Анна пришла в школу.&amp;quot; places Anna at the school for the next stage of the action, &amp;quot;Анна ходила в школу.&amp;quot; does not. Now she could be anywhere, quite possibly at home. Thus, prefixed multidirectional verbs of motion are seldom perfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-07-03T14:25:32.303" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14689" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-23T08:11:55.737" Score="4" ViewCount="292" Body="&lt;p&gt;Noun number :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/3qa8U-PmVU8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/3qa8U-PmVU8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used this video to help with my study but I couldn't seem to understand the difference and the usage. However, I saw some similarities with nominative plural case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you didn't want to watch the whole video, maybe this can give you an idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1st group :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mas. nouns ending in a hard consonant. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fem. nouns ending in -а. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{Forms (plural) : +ы }&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;стол → столы &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Улица →Улицы &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; Are noun number and nominative plural case the same? If not, what are the differences?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9076" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-23T08:24:12.600" LastActivityDate="2017-09-07T12:05:52.533" Title="What is the Difference Between Noun Number and Nominative Plural Case?" Tags="&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14690" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14691" CreationDate="2017-06-23T12:30:21.227" Score="3" ViewCount="704" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm learning Russian but find myself in a position where I can't express myself quite often. I can't find the proper phrase for my question, any ideas?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9164" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-23T12:41:58.940" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T20:02:42.123" Title="What's a polite way to ask if you can continue the conversation in English?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14690" CreationDate="2017-06-23T12:49:55.603" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was very inclined to vote for closing your question but I guess in this case it's better for a community to decide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, you are asking about a variety of possible phrases, this make this already quite suspicious and bring this question to the edge of being off-topic. On the other hand, well, I can imagine somebody will ask about how to say that you are in love with someone - still lot of options, but can be answered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, if you want to talk with someone in English - just switch to English and apologize for not being able to continue in Russian. Imagine that person does not know English as well. Any phrase like &lt;code&gt;&quot;извините, я только учу русский, давайте продолжим общаться на английском&quot;&lt;/code&gt; (yes, you can use that phrase) can make things complicated for no reason. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine following dialogs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Somebody: Ну и в общем, там выходит, что так не получится...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;You: Извини, я плохо понимаю, давай дальше по-английски.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Somebody: Ой, а я не знаю английского. Но можем попробовать по-грузински. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;You: what?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See, you've wasted some time and didn't made thing easier neither for you nor for your companion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-23T14:30:06.270" LastActivityDate="2017-06-23T14:30:06.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14692" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14693" CreationDate="2017-06-23T19:22:27.957" Score="3" ViewCount="520" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does &quot;I will make it up to you&quot; translate into Russian. I tried translating it online but no luck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As per the comment, &quot;I will make it up to you&quot; in English is used when the speaker promises to do something for the listener and isn't able to fulfill that promise so out of regret, the speaker decides to correct his/her wrong by doing something for the listener to show that he/she is sorry for not fulfilling his/her promise. In short, &quot;making up&quot; for the wrong committed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8593" LastEditorUserId="8593" LastEditDate="2017-06-23T19:35:41.657" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T23:27:56.117" Title="Translation of &quot;Make it up to you&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14693" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14692" CreationDate="2017-06-23T19:54:02.423" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depending on the context, it could be &lt;em&gt;загладить вину&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;исправиться&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;вернуть любезность&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Per your example, it's more of &lt;em&gt;загладить вину&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;А другое письмо, очень длинное, было подписано инициалами. Там бесконечно смаковалась тема твоей ноги и желание загладить вину // And there was another one, from a person who signed with their initials: a long letter, they went on and on about your leg and how they wanted to make it up to you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;От Дугласа я тоже заработал хорошую взбучку и осознал, что должен загладить вину. // Douglas also gave me quite the tongue lashing and I have come to realize that I must make it up to you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-06-23T19:54:02.423" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14692" CreationDate="2017-06-23T20:51:31.457" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer provided so far is correct but I'd like to mention another specific Russian expression which is used exactly for the cases like this - &lt;code&gt;реабилитироваться в чьих-то глазах&lt;/code&gt; - literally &quot;to rehabilitate in someone's eyes&quot;, for instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Знаешь, я всё пиво выпила, но чтобы как-то реабилитироваться в твоих глазах, вот, я сидр купила. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the verb &quot;реабилитироваться&quot; is used relatively rare, this phrase is surprisingly pretty widely used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-23T22:19:47.350" LastActivityDate="2017-06-23T22:19:47.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14695" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-24T06:24:46.730" Score="3" ViewCount="238" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found these from the instrumental case and they are in brackets such as :&#xA;Армией (-ею) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9076" LastActivityDate="2017-07-02T16:28:50.267" Title="What do -ою, -ёю, -ею mean?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14695" CreationDate="2017-06-24T07:28:17.073" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If a feminine noun in the Instrumental case singular ends in &quot;-ой&quot;, &quot;-ёй&quot; or &quot;-ей&quot; then it also has an alternative form (also the Instrumental case singular, of course) ending in &quot;-ою&quot;, &quot;-ёю&quot; or &quot;-ею&quot; respectively. This is a regular stuff, so not all dictionaries even mention it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in the modern language the forms ending in &quot;-ою&quot;/&quot;-ёю&quot;/&quot;-ею&quot; are rarely used except poetry and such.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also feminine nouns ending (in the Nominative case) in the non-stressed &quot;-ия&quot;, such as mentioned above &quot;армия&quot;, are &lt;em&gt;almost never&lt;/em&gt; put into this &quot;alternative form&quot;, because of a discordance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-06-24T07:28:17.073" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14697" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14692" CreationDate="2017-06-24T10:50:47.757" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;I'll make it up for you.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, you'd rather say what it is that your going to do to make the person feel better:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Извини́, что опозда́л. Я сего́дня угоща́ю!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry I was late. The dinner's on me!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make it a bit more generic you can promise to do 'something nice' for them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я сде́лаю тебе́ что-нибу́дь прия́тное [, что́бы загла́дить вину́].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll do something nice to make it up for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a related note, you could also ask:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что мне сде́лать, что́бы ты меня́ прости́л(а)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What shall I do to make it up for you?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-06-24T11:15:46.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14698" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14705" CreationDate="2017-06-24T12:09:55.827" Score="5" ViewCount="277" Body="&lt;p&gt;In literature, I can read some type of earlier-times custom, that women машут платочком to say goodbye (waive with scarf?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which piece of fabric did they waive and is there a special hidden original meaning - in Russian, many things have symbolic meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-02-26T16:07:33.210" LastActivityDate="2020-11-25T15:26:01.263" Title="Махать платочком - which specifically and why?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14698" CreationDate="2017-06-24T17:47:29.557" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As other people mentioned in comments, платочек is a handkerchief. It is a a usual thing in Russia to waive a hand or some piece of apparel (e.g. a hat) to the person leaving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of a woman I can imagine that she had used the handkerchief to dab her eyes and then waived the thing she had in hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2017-06-24T17:47:29.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14700" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-24T18:23:43.197" Score="3" ViewCount="191" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usuallly this saying seems to mean that somebody has significant (esp. political or state service?) career achievements. &#xA;The connotation is not quite clear however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is its original source - were/are there other meanings as well? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-24T20:39:26.960" LastActivityDate="2017-06-24T21:36:10.147" Title="Origins of &quot;большая шишка&quot;" Tags="&lt;connotation&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14700" CreationDate="2017-06-24T19:23:35.960" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Шишка (иноск. ирон.) человѣкъ вліятельный, выскочившій въ люди (&lt;strong&gt;намекъ на замѣтную шишку, выскачившую на лицѣ&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ср. Ого, франтъ, франтъ! — говорилъ Бондыревъ. — Ну, а мы братъ, по деревенскому омужичились... А ты, видно, шишка, въ гору пошелъ!...&#xA;  Н. Крашенинниковъ. Въ уголкѣ. 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The source is a phraseological dictionary dated from the 19 century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Русская мысль и речь. Свое и чужое. Опыт русской фразеологии. Сборник образных слов и иносказаний. Т.Т. 1—2. Ходячие и меткие слова. Сборник русских и иностранных цитат, пословиц, поговорок, пословичных выражений и отдельных слов. СПб., тип. Ак. наук.. М. И. Михельсон. 1896—1912.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-06-24T19:23:35.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14700" CreationDate="2017-06-24T21:28:36.313" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;В книге Павла Зарубина &quot;Тёмные и светлые стороны русской жизни&quot; (1872-го года издания) есть такая цитата:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Коренная шишка называется самый передний бурлак из всей артели, которая лямками тянет бичеву.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rusinst.ru/docs/books/I.G.Pryjov-Ocherki_russkogo_byta.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;В книге&lt;/a&gt; &quot;Очерки русского быта&quot; Ивана Прыжова, русского &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;этнографа&lt;/a&gt;, читаем:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Что вы теперь будете делать? – спросила она у бурлаков. – Ужинать,&#xA;  что ли?» – «Ужинать?! – зарычал шишка – главный мученик, который&#xA;  тянет лямку впереди всех.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот другая &lt;a href=&quot;http://turpotveri.ru/kraevedenie/596-vyshnevoloczkaya-vodnaya-sistema.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;цитата&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;От кормы судна к берегу тянутся бечевы, в которые впрягают­ся лошади.&#xA;  Барку тащат девять лошадей. Впереди идет коренная - «шишка», а за ней&#xA;  четыре пары, од­на за другой. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В простонародном языке у слова шишка было много значений - от холмика, от выступа на шлеме и до коренника, корневой лошади, тянущей груз. Я не берусь предполагать, что именно это значение (лидер группы) было иронично переосмысленно и превратилось в &lt;code&gt;важную шишку&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;большую шишку&lt;/code&gt;, но замечу, что, например, с такими словами как &quot;альфа-самец&quot; или даже &quot;передовик производства&quot; такое ироничное переосмысление имело место быть. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Насколько мне известно, &quot;важная шишка&quot; в значении крупный чин закрепилось относительно поздно, в последней четверти 19-го века. Этимология от шишки на лбу тем не менее мне представляется сомнительной - когда говорят о важной/большой шишке никто не подразумевает, что высокое положение в обществе было достигнуто быстро, речь только о самом факте высокого положения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Скорее просто и в случае шишки на лбу, и в случае важной шишки - это переносное от чего-то выдающегося на общем фоне (и одновременно довольно смешного, нелепого). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-24T21:36:10.147" LastActivityDate="2017-06-24T21:36:10.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14703" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14709" CreationDate="2017-06-26T03:18:07.593" Score="4" ViewCount="645" Body="&lt;p&gt;I searching for &quot;kotlin&quot; word definition, probably someone who knows Russiancan help me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does 'Kotlin' mean? &#xA;It's related to Kotlin Island? What the history behind this island and the name kotlin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9171" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-26T11:06:17.823" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T09:10:47.937" Title="Origin of &quot;Котлин&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14698" CreationDate="2017-06-26T08:50:18.050" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This is not specifically Russian.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handkerchief&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here's&lt;/a&gt; a quote from Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the late 18th century white handkerchiefs were waved, generally&#xA;by women (men usually waved their hats), to demonstrate approval at&#xA;public events such as processions or political rallies&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has nothing to do with neither headdress (which also called &lt;code&gt;платок&lt;/code&gt; in Russian) nor with Russian traditions apart from fashion among westernized circles of Russian aristocracy. Even more specifically - Russian aristocracy was under a heavy French influence - and you can a lot of references for waving a handkerchief in the French literature of the XIX century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back to the linguistic part of the question - there's &lt;strong&gt;no symbolic meaning of any kind&lt;/strong&gt;, it's just that in modern Russian &amp;quot;махать платочком&amp;quot; has an ironical (yet this irony is of a kind nature) connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты вот уедешь на поезде, а я буду стоять на пероне и махать платочком. И вся рыдать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-11-25T15:26:01.263" LastActivityDate="2020-11-25T15:26:01.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14706" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14707" CreationDate="2017-06-26T09:05:54.377" Score="5" ViewCount="340" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand, the letter &quot;ё&quot; is used to write the same sound as &quot;ьо&quot; &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; when the corresponding &quot;о&quot; is stressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In почтальо́н we have &quot;ьо&quot; and the &quot;о&quot; is also stressed -- so isn't this the perfect place to write &quot;ё&quot; instead? Why is this not done? (In particular, what is the point of the letter &quot;ё&quot; if it is not used in all of the situations where it could be used? Why not just always write &quot;ьо&quot; instead?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2017-06-26T18:50:09.810" Title="Why isn't почтальо́н spelled почталён?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;буква-ё&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="17" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14706" CreationDate="2017-06-26T09:09:10.940" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;the same sound as &quot;ьо&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. There are separate, while in practice related, effects to be considered there:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;short pause after the consonant before the vowel. The separation between two sounds. Prevention of blending.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;softening of the consonant&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;softening of the vowel ( back &quot;hard&quot; vowels like &lt;code&gt;Ы&lt;/code&gt; are matching front &quot;soft&quot; vowels like &lt;code&gt;И&lt;/code&gt; )&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;prefixing the &quot;soft&quot; vowel sound with short &quot;й&quot; sound (iotation)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &quot;hard mark&quot; and &quot;soft mark&quot; (Ъ and Ь) primary purpose is #1 - making a pause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, the &quot;soft mark&quot; also softens the consonant, unlike the &quot;hard mark&quot;, but this does not remove the pause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, the vowel pairs а/я, о/ё, э/е, ы/и, у/ю while primary are representing #3 typically have a consequences of effecting either #2 or #4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a &quot;soft&quot; vowel stands on its own or follows another vowel, then ё would sound more like йo. When following a consonant, the soft vowel blends in, softening the consonant, instead of prefixing its own sound with &quot;й&quot;.&#xA;However both options #2 and #4 do NOT add the separating pause (#1), which is the hallmark of hard/soft marks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, почтальон is not pronounced as почталён, but as a почталь-pause-ён.&#xA;This pause makes putting the soft mark required.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, you may ask why isn't &lt;code&gt;почтальОн&lt;/code&gt; then written as &lt;code&gt;почтальЁн&lt;/code&gt; instead. Well, soft vowels are not typically written after soft sign. Hard vowel is written there traditionally, and it inherits its softness from the now softened consonant before it (despite being separated by a pause).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To contrast it, &lt;code&gt;ЛЁН&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;кЛЁН&lt;/code&gt; are sounded with no gap and no &lt;code&gt;й&lt;/code&gt;, but immediate blending of the vowel into a softened consonant &lt;code&gt;Л'&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;почтаЛЬОН is&lt;/code&gt; sounded with the gap, and because of the gap - with &lt;code&gt;й&lt;/code&gt; sound. Yeah, it is mixed up a bit: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;on one hand, the process of softening the consonant is &quot;jumping over&quot; the gap and softens &quot;o&quot; vowel into de facto &quot;ё&quot; (in sounding, not in writing!). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;on another hand, the gap makes the vowel &quot;standing on its own&quot; which forces й-prefixing, like if the vowel would start the word or would follow another vowel. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, rather convoluted scheme. Gap is ignored for one process but is abided by for another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would stress the tongue a real lot to blend hard consonant sound with following soft vowel sound, or soft consonant with a hard vowel. It just does not work out without injecting a separating pause (which in turn would effect soft vowels to regain their Й sound prefix).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pronunciation samples of syllables with separating pause and with blending..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Кто там? Почта&lt;strong&gt;льон&lt;/strong&gt; Печкин&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1cOuYb40ac&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1cOuYb40ac&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lx6gUVTSPBU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lx6gUVTSPBU&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Старый к&lt;strong&gt;лён&lt;/strong&gt;, старый к&lt;strong&gt;лён&lt;/strong&gt;, старый к&lt;strong&gt;лён&lt;/strong&gt; стучит в окно&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pesnifilm.ru/load/devchata/staryj_klen_quot_devchata_quot/83-1-0-415&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://pesnifilm.ru/load/devchata/staryj_klen_quot_devchata_quot/83-1-0-415&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2017-06-26T11:59:22.453" LastActivityDate="2017-06-26T11:59:22.453" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14706" CreationDate="2017-06-26T10:32:39.080" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sounds &lt;em&gt;[ɵ]/[jɵ]&lt;/em&gt;, which are now denoted by the letter &lt;em&gt;ё&lt;/em&gt;, were not present in Church Slavonic and a letter to denote them was not there in Cyrillic before late XVIII century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the time it was introduced there had already been a tradition of conveying &lt;em&gt;[jɵ]&lt;/em&gt; as &lt;em&gt;iо&lt;/em&gt; or, rarely, &lt;em&gt;ьо&lt;/em&gt; (after consonants) in loanwords.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Native Russian words which feature those sounds have emerged from Slavic words with &lt;em&gt;[ɛ]/[jɛ]&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;житьё &amp;lt; житие, питьё &amp;lt; питие&lt;/em&gt; etc., so they use the newly created letter &lt;em&gt;ё&lt;/em&gt; which was deliberately made &quot;backwards compatible&quot; with the Church Slavonic letter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Transcription systems which have emerged after the introduction of &lt;em&gt;ё&lt;/em&gt; and don't have to rely on tradition do sometimes use &lt;em&gt;ё&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Eyjafjallajökull &gt; Эйяфьядлайёкюдль, 吉原 (Yoshiwara) &gt; Ёсивара, 연평도 (Yeonpyeongdo) &gt; Ёнпхёндо&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian phonetics does not allow a back vowel (&lt;em&gt;а, у, ы, э, о&lt;/em&gt;) after a soft consonant, so this distinction between &lt;em&gt;ьо/йо&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ьё/ё&lt;/em&gt; is purely traditional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2017-06-26T10:50:13.897" LastActivityDate="2017-06-26T10:50:13.897" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14703" CreationDate="2017-06-26T10:39:27.863" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Deriving &lt;code&gt;Котлин&lt;/code&gt; from &lt;code&gt;котёл&lt;/code&gt; is an example of folk etymology - and actually, it's completely wrong. To start with even if it was derived from котёл - in Russian it would hardly end up as Kotlin - it's just that &lt;code&gt;-lin&lt;/code&gt; ending is not typical at all. It's way, way too germanic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, there's a trade agreement between Novgorod Republic and Hanseatic League dated back to XIIIth century - and the island Kotlin is mentioned their under the name &quot;Ketlingen&quot;. You can find more information about that particular document &lt;a href=&quot;https://eu.spb.ru/images/centres/respub/novgorodica/Skvairs_Novgorodica.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ironically it still &lt;a href=&quot;http://world.lib.ru/k/kolibaba_s_n/top90.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;can&lt;/a&gt; be related to &quot;котёл&quot; (but it's still very suspicious, and even if it is - the XVIIIth century myth is still an anecdote):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На старинных шведcких картах, хранящихся в архивах Стокгольма, остров&#xA;  надписан как Kettusaari - фин. 'лисий остров'. В договоре великого&#xA;  князя Ярослава с немецкими и голландскими послами, 1207 г., название&#xA;  записано в переосмысленной форме Ketlingen (ниж.-нем. Kettel 'котел',&#xA;  -ingen сложный формант, употребительный в нем. названиях селений). В Новгородских грамотах XIII в. Котлинг, позже о. Котлин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roughly, Finnish people called this island &lt;code&gt;Keettusaari&lt;/code&gt;, then (probably through Swedish) this end up as &lt;code&gt;Ketlingen&lt;/code&gt; in Dutch and German sources and was borrowed by Novgorod Republic as &lt;code&gt;Котлинг&lt;/code&gt; (Kotling) which evolved to just &lt;code&gt;Kotlin&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yes, programming language was called Kotlin as a reference to both Kotlin being island near Saint Petersburg and the language itself being a competitor to Java - which is also named after an island. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-11T09:10:47.937" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T09:10:47.937" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14706" CreationDate="2017-06-26T18:15:02.350" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;почтальон&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced [поч'тал'й'он]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;почталён&lt;/strong&gt; would be pronounced [поч'тал'он] which is different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;почтальён&lt;/strong&gt; would be pronounced the same way as &lt;strong&gt;почтальон&lt;/strong&gt;. The reason why it is not spelled this way is because the letter ё is usually avoided in foreign words. The reason possibly is that the ё is often spelled without diacritics, as е, so this may create a confusion on how to pronounce the word (not with this word of course but as a general rule). The word came from German &lt;em&gt;Postilion&lt;/em&gt;, from French &lt;em&gt;postillon&lt;/em&gt;, from Italian &lt;em&gt;postiglione&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2017-06-26T18:50:09.810" LastActivityDate="2017-06-26T18:50:09.810" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14711" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14712" CreationDate="2017-06-26T20:07:00.970" Score="21" ViewCount="3944" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a member of &lt;a href=&quot;https://chat.stackexchange.com/rooms/11540/charcoal-hq&quot;&gt;Charcoal HQ&lt;/a&gt;, I get to see a lot of strange messages from across the entire Stack Exchange network. Today, &lt;a href=&quot;https://metasmoke.erwaysoftware.com/post/73906&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this 'answer'&lt;/a&gt; was posted on our sister site &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;&#xA;Русский язык&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;флуд_________________________________________&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same thing was posted three days ago &lt;a href=&quot;https://metasmoke.erwaysoftware.com/post/73634&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, (probably) by another user, so apparently it means something. Google Translate says &quot;flood&quot;, but I have yet to see somebody post an English message with just the word &quot;flood&quot; in it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both answers were deleted rather quickly, which suggests me they were probably posted by trolls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6350" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-26T20:34:46.887" LastActivityDate="2017-06-27T09:41:03.180" Title="What does &quot;флуд&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14711" CreationDate="2017-06-26T20:17:49.830" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an example of a word which belongs to a quite interesting class of words – words of English origin which are used in a completely different way in non-English languages – or just forgotten.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is actually derived from English &quot;flood&quot; and it is a slang word which initially meant a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat_flood&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;specific form&lt;/a&gt; of DDoS attack – in Russian it evolved for describing any kind of huge chunks of user generated content – basically off-topic. Something like flame, but not necessarily even debatable.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also a quite popular verb &lt;code&gt;флуди́ть&lt;/code&gt; which is, well, to flood :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; it turns out a lot of people pronounce it like флу́дить, stressing the first syllable. Personally me happened to hear only the first form but I easily can accept that this word is pronounced this way or another. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-27T07:38:17.250" LastActivityDate="2017-06-27T07:38:17.250" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14652" CreationDate="2017-06-26T20:48:31.510" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add to the already posted answers, I'd like to point out that the statement that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;when people want to talk to new people then they should say the sentence ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is not exactly true. It sounds as if your book suggests that &lt;em&gt;whenever&lt;/em&gt; people talk to new people, they &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; say this sentence &amp;mdash; but that isn't so. You can never ever say this when you've just met new people and started talking to them, because that would be rude. It's only appropriate when you've been communicating at least for some time, and you feel that you and your vis-à-vis have established a certain rapport that allows for less formal relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3528" LastActivityDate="2017-06-26T20:48:31.510" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14711" CreationDate="2017-06-27T08:42:45.617" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a native Russian speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first thing that comes to mind when I hear &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://comp_slang.academic.ru/253/%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;флуд&lt;/a&gt;&quot; is the meaning of &quot;idle, meaningless talk&quot;. The concept is similar to &quot;flaming&quot;, but it's milder, does not necessarily imply bad intentions (perhaps the person doing it simply likes to talk a lot) and can be used humorously to denote any kind of prolonged Internet banter.&#xA;Likewise, &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://comp_slang.academic.ru/254/%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;флу́дер&lt;/a&gt;&quot; is online slang for &quot;chatterbox&quot;, a person who writes many messages without bringing any value to the the conversation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the term may have originated from the name of a  DDoS attack, that is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; the first meaning that comes to mind when people hear that word and not many are even aware of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word on its own is NOT abusive or offensive and I would strongly suggest to exercise extreme caution banning people merely for using it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9180" LastEditorUserId="9180" LastEditDate="2017-06-27T09:41:03.180" LastActivityDate="2017-06-27T09:41:03.180" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14711" CreationDate="2017-06-27T09:05:33.460" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a term used mainly on internet forums.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is used as alternative to the words &lt;code&gt;spam&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;off-topic&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;flame&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9182" LastActivityDate="2017-06-27T09:05:33.460" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14718" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14648" CreationDate="2017-06-27T14:04:03.727" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я шёл в магазин&lt;/code&gt; is used when you want to tell what happened to you when you was &lt;em&gt;travelling to&lt;/em&gt; the shop. &lt;code&gt;Ходил&lt;/code&gt; is like present simple in English. It means a repeating action, for example: &lt;code&gt;я ходил в спортивную школу 2 года&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;Пошёл в магазин&lt;/code&gt; usually does NOT allow any explaining of the process when you are walking or travelling to the shop, instead, it is followed by telling about what happened &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt; the shop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9185" LastActivityDate="2017-06-27T14:04:03.727" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14648" CreationDate="2017-06-28T14:24:55.523" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я шел в магазин is past continuous.&#xA;Я пошел в магазин - is Present Perfect.&#xA;I am simplifying here, because russian tenses don't match the English ones.  For that reason Я пошел в магазин  could very well be used in the past sense as well: Вчера я пошел в магазин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9194" LastActivityDate="2017-06-28T14:24:55.523" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14720" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14723" CreationDate="2017-06-28T16:54:00.657" Score="4" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have seen somewhere they use it not in terms you could think you would do with tooth paste.. or in Siberia, related to a physiological process..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, the example is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;А конкурентов выдавят на мороз&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Russian mafia way of doing business?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DO12U.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DO12U.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fritzmorgen.livejournal.com/1065051.html#cutid1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://fritzmorgen.livejournal.com/1065051.html#cutid1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I must admit there is just one place so far where it has been used, so metaphor or a typo?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastEditorUserId="9100" LastEditDate="2017-06-28T19:22:35.607" LastActivityDate="2017-06-28T21:45:11.857" Title="Meaning of &quot;выдавить на мороз&quot;?" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14720" CreationDate="2017-06-28T17:26:50.323" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This turns out to be an actual usage but it's by no means an idiom.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no such idiom in Russian, my guess was that this is just a typo - &lt;code&gt;выставить на мороз&lt;/code&gt; (literally to put out into the frost) - which is indeed used - it's applicable both to animated and unanimated noun -  so you can equally say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я выставил на мороз жаркое - пусть хоть немного остынет&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я сейчас вас выставлю на мороз.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this can be used for torture, this phrase per se does not bear any criminal or sadistic connotations. There's a phrase &lt;code&gt;выставить за дверь&lt;/code&gt; - and &lt;code&gt;выставить на мороз&lt;/code&gt; is constructed in a similar way - or well, the other way around.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, for animated nouns one can say - &lt;code&gt;выгнать на мороз&lt;/code&gt; (to expel).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I encourage you to use google (or other search engine) - no hidden irony, it's just that it can help immediately to see that something just does not exist:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xayg3.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xayg3.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; Also, it's worth to mention that there's a rare term &lt;code&gt;выдавило на морозе&lt;/code&gt; - it's about motor oil that sort of sipped out during cold weather, like in phrase &quot;Выдавило масло на морозе&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; So, when the exact quote is provided, it turns out that it's &lt;code&gt;выдавливание на мороз&lt;/code&gt;. Once again, not an idiom but rather an author-specific figure of speech. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-28T21:45:11.857" LastActivityDate="2017-06-28T21:45:11.857" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14720" CreationDate="2017-06-28T19:05:07.227" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rather than a typo, I would call it a mixed metaphor - squeezing used as a metaphor for applying whatever tactics to reduce your competitors' ability to compete, and the frost part implying that these competitors won't like the situation they'll end up in. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9198" LastActivityDate="2017-06-28T19:05:07.227" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14726" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14730" CreationDate="2017-06-29T06:11:58.507" Score="6" ViewCount="6183" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a word or phrase in Russian for this particular salute-like gesture? I recall reading a book written by Viktor Suvorov where he described soldiers recognizing a high officer with an expression he referred to as &quot;devouring him with their eyes&quot;.  I had always wondered what that meant, but these soldiers are making this very distinctive expressive salute-like movement, and I suspect that this is what he meant.  Can someone confirm this, and if so, tell me what the Russian word or words for it is? This is from a video of Mr. Putin making some kind of ceremonial entrance into the Kremlin.  He walks up this long stairway lined with soldiers holding their rifles at the salute, and as he walks through, each soldier holds his head back with their faces cocked towards him, tracking him.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4Fqfl.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4Fqfl.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1943" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-04-08T20:55:16.563" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T20:55:16.563" Title="What is this odd military salute-like gesture?" Tags="&lt;приветствия&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14727" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-29T07:24:53.510" Score="5" ViewCount="521" Body="&lt;p&gt;When we form a noun phrase, we use either adjectives or genitive case. For&#xA;example;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;красная машина -&amp;gt; feminine adjective + feminine noun (red car)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;цвет цветка -&amp;gt; nominative case + genitive case (color of flower)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I came across this phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;аэропорт Домодедово&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The translation of this phrase is &lt;code&gt;airport&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;Domodedovo&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;So we need to use genitive case. But &lt;code&gt;Домодедово&lt;/code&gt; is not in genitive case. Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8126" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-06-29T22:26:48.607" Title="&quot;Aэропорт &quot;Домодедово&quot; - why not genitve?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14727" CreationDate="2017-06-29T07:43:50.757" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules about toponyms and such are a bit complicated and not too consistent in general. But, as a rule of thumb, Genitive case signifies that an object belongs or somehow dedicated to another one. E.g. &lt;em&gt;улица Моцарта&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;площадь Революции&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But here we have an airport &lt;em&gt;of Moscow&lt;/em&gt; named Domodedovo because of its location, while &lt;em&gt;Аэропорт Домодедова&lt;/em&gt;, as you propose, would naturally be understood as an airport of town Domodedovo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-06-29T07:43:50.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14727" CreationDate="2017-06-29T07:56:48.343" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Домодедово&lt;/em&gt; is the proper name of the airport, which is technically called &lt;em&gt;Москва (Домодедово)&lt;/em&gt;. It's not an &quot;airport serving Domodedovo&quot; (although it does serve it among other cities of course), it's an airport called &quot;Domodedovo&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we were speaking about, say, &quot;Domodedovo government&quot; (&lt;em&gt;администрация Домодедова&lt;/em&gt;) or &quot;Domodedovo police&quot; (&lt;em&gt;полиция Домодедова&lt;/em&gt;), we would have used genitive indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, lately, Russian tends to drop declination of names in &lt;em&gt;-ово, -ево, -ино, -ыно&lt;/em&gt; to avoid confusion with masculine names in oblique cases (&lt;em&gt;в Пушкине&lt;/em&gt; could mean both &quot;in Pushkin, St. Petersburg&quot; and &quot;in Pushkino, Moscow oblast&quot;). So you can hear and read &lt;em&gt;администрация Домодедово&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;полиция Домодедово&lt;/em&gt; just as often nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2017-06-29T08:03:30.107" LastActivityDate="2017-06-29T08:03:30.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14726" CreationDate="2017-06-29T08:38:52.200" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is &lt;em&gt;воинское приветствие&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;military salute&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When standing in present arms position, the military salute is performed by assuming position of attention, looking the senior in the face and turning one's head as the senior moves. No hand gestures are made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The military regulations require that the military salute is conveyed &quot;in a precise and dashing manner&quot; (&lt;em&gt;чётко и молодцевато&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2017-06-29T08:38:52.200" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14731" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14726" CreationDate="2017-06-29T09:03:00.437" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ravnenie na&quot; Равнение на... &#xA;Something like &quot;alignment to&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means all soldiers must look at a certain mark, most common are Alignment to the left / right / tribune / commander. You can see this on military parades a lot. Here's an example &lt;a href=&quot;https://focus.ua/files/images/0/-87397.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://focus.ua/files/images/0/-87397.jpg&lt;/a&gt; Soldiers here were given a command to align to tribune and salute the president. Note how some soldiers look straight forward, the 1st soldier in each row is in charge of keeping the distance between rows, others follow his lead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9158" LastActivityDate="2017-06-29T09:03:00.437" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14732" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-29T11:00:14.753" Score="3" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found &quot;bserossijskij sunod&quot; and I know that sunod is an old russian word for synod. Today it seems to be sinod. But what does that &quot;bserossijskij&quot; mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9201" LastActivityDate="2017-06-29T11:04:25.247" Title="What does &quot;bserossijskij&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14732" CreationDate="2017-06-29T11:04:25.247" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you (or your-source) misspelled it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it should be Всероссийский. Not Б but В.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;meaning all-Russian, Russia-wide&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;another option, your source used Latin glyphs similar to Cyrillic glyphs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;like &quot;u&quot; is similar to &quot;и&quot; and capital &quot;b&quot; - &quot;B&quot; is same as capital &quot;в&quot; - &quot;В&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2017-06-29T11:04:25.247" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14726" CreationDate="2017-06-29T11:37:45.560" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both answers provided seems to me to be correct, I just want to mention that actually the borrowed word &quot;салют&quot; and derived from it &quot;салютовать&quot;, though getting obsolete, still exist in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When one says &quot;салютовать&quot; to Russian speaker this is more about firing, raising hand to the head (there's also an informal verb &lt;code&gt;козырнуть&lt;/code&gt; for this) - but still, technically what we see can be counted as &lt;code&gt;отдавать салют&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-29T11:53:57.700" LastActivityDate="2017-06-29T11:53:57.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14735" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-29T13:45:20.570" Score="1" ViewCount="334" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can I change nouns into adjectives? &#xA;Ветер → Ветреный &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9076" LastEditorUserId="9076" LastEditDate="2017-06-30T01:51:08.050" LastActivityDate="2017-06-30T01:51:08.050" Title="Changing nouns into adjectives" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2017-06-29T14:08:02.790" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14736" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14737" CreationDate="2017-06-30T00:29:27.520" Score="-1" ViewCount="211" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://steamuserimages-a.akamaihd.net/ugc/865103304199557896/5380B6C1BAFF60124C0D2E78FFF86EEF6F682046/&quot; alt=&quot;Мой ПК: Ну На*ер&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone please explain to me what this meme is saying? I know it's not very serious, but I genuinely want to know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9203" LastActivityDate="2017-06-30T01:19:59.213" Title="What does this image say?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-06-30T08:44:13.250" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14736" CreationDate="2017-06-30T01:19:59.213" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Top: &quot;My PC&quot;.&#xA;Bottom: can be translated like &quot;F*ck this&quot; or &quot;to hell with it&quot;. Meaning, scared of even trying, with these PC specs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2017-06-30T01:19:59.213" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14738" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-30T01:55:21.627" Score="4" ViewCount="469" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there an easier or fun way that I could memorise the cases endings? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9076" LastEditorUserId="9100" LastEditDate="2017-06-30T08:52:43.943" LastActivityDate="2017-06-30T09:28:51.443" Title="Memorising Cases' Endings" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14738" CreationDate="2017-06-30T03:44:55.527" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure if there is a better way, but what you ask seems to be a challenge which has been explored in the Russian teaching community - how to help foreign students to memorize case endings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this one  article I have found for you, they offer a couple of systematic tables based partly on an assumptions learning can happen through attributing cases to already well-known phrases, like (note: caps are to designate endings, not stressed syllables):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(masculine, neuter      adjectives + nouns SINGULAR)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Genitive &lt;strong&gt;ПриятнОГО  аппетитА!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dative &lt;strong&gt;ДорогОМУ  другУ на память!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Instrumental &lt;strong&gt;С  НовЫМ  годОМ!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prepositional &lt;strong&gt;Я на седьмОМ  небЕ!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While they do not proceed like this with all declinations, maybe you build on that somehow with your own examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Костюк Нина Александровна&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ip-r.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BA-%D0%9D.A.-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%A0%D0%9A%D0%98-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.docx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ  РКИ  НА  НАЧАЛЬНОМ ЭТАПЕ  (как запомнить падежные окончания)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastEditorUserId="9100" LastEditDate="2017-06-30T09:28:51.443" LastActivityDate="2017-06-30T09:28:51.443" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14738" CreationDate="2017-06-30T07:38:32.147" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember a verse from kids' magazine &lt;em&gt;Трамвай:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;И:&lt;/strong&gt; Шла весной по льду &lt;em&gt;свинь&lt;strong&gt;я,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; ей попалась &lt;em&gt;полынь&lt;strong&gt;я.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Р:&lt;/strong&gt; Плюх! Торчит из &lt;em&gt;полынь&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; только хвостик от &lt;em&gt;свинь&lt;strong&gt;и.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Д:&lt;/strong&gt; Мы — скорее к &lt;em&gt;полынь&lt;strong&gt;е,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; мы хотим помочь &lt;em&gt;свинь&lt;strong&gt;е.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В:&lt;/strong&gt; Сами чуть не в &lt;em&gt;полынь&lt;strong&gt;ю,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; но спасли-таки &lt;em&gt;свинь&lt;strong&gt;ю.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Т:&lt;/strong&gt; Недовольны мы &lt;em&gt;свинь&lt;strong&gt;ёй:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; разве шутят с &lt;em&gt;полынь&lt;strong&gt;ёй?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;П:&lt;/strong&gt; Вспоминайте о &lt;em&gt;свинь&lt;strong&gt;е,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; чтоб не плавать в &lt;em&gt;полынь&lt;strong&gt;е.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-06-30T07:38:32.147" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14743" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14738" CreationDate="2017-06-30T08:25:05.893" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure with easier - I'm a strong proponent of not trying to memorize any kind of rules but rather phrases in a whole - just like child don't know anything about grammar but speaks, makes mistakes and gradually makes them less. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Honestly, there's no fun way to learn language.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;But may be just listing some basic list of rules will be helpful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, let me start with&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dative&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the feminine or masculine noun ends with &lt;code&gt;-a&lt;/code&gt;, it changes to &lt;code&gt;-e&lt;/code&gt;, like in &lt;code&gt;мама&lt;/code&gt; → `маме&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the feminine or masculine none ends with &lt;code&gt;-я&lt;/code&gt;, it changes to &lt;code&gt;-и&lt;/code&gt; like in &lt;code&gt;дядя&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;дяде&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For all the rest nouns of masculine and neuter gender which ends with palatalized (soft) consonant or with a vowel, -ю is added, like in &lt;code&gt;конь&lt;/code&gt; →&lt;code&gt;коню&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For all the rest nouns of masculine and neuter gender, &lt;code&gt;-у&lt;/code&gt; is added, like in &lt;code&gt;сон&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;сну&lt;/code&gt;. Be warned though that vowel (as you can see from previous example) can be dropped -or added - and there's anything you can do but memorize such words.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Finally, all the rest nouns of feminine - that is, all nouns ending with &lt;code&gt;-ь&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;-и&lt;/code&gt;is added instead, like in - &lt;code&gt;боль&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;боли&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nouns from #1-2 belongs to the so-called first declension group - let's nouns from #1 and #2 be 1a and 1b accordingly, from #3-4 - to the second one (so, 2a and 2b), and #5 is actually about nouns that belong to the third such group. There are also group called &lt;code&gt;разносклоняемые&lt;/code&gt;, which are basically exceptions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ok, let's move further. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Instrumental&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1a, &lt;code&gt;-a&lt;/code&gt; changes to &lt;code&gt;-ой&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;мама&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;мамой&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1b, &lt;code&gt;-я&lt;/code&gt; changes to &lt;code&gt;-eй&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;дядя&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;дядей&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2a,  ending changes to &lt;code&gt;-ом&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;сон&lt;/code&gt;→ &lt;code&gt;сном&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2b,  ending changes to &lt;code&gt;-eм&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-ём&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;море&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;морем&lt;/code&gt;; &lt;code&gt;конь&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;конём&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3, ending changes to &lt;code&gt;-ю&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;боль&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;болью&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Bunch of exceptions ending with &lt;code&gt;-ей&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ею&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prepositional&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1a, &lt;code&gt;-a&lt;/code&gt; changes to &lt;code&gt;-е&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;мама&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;маме&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1b, &lt;code&gt;-я&lt;/code&gt; changes to &lt;code&gt;-и&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;-е&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;дядя&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;дяде&lt;/code&gt; but &lt;code&gt;линия&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;линией&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2a, 2b ending changes to &lt;code&gt;-е&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;сон&lt;/code&gt;→ &lt;code&gt;сне&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 ending with &lt;code&gt;-ие&lt;/code&gt;, changes to &lt;code&gt;-ии&lt;/code&gt;, like in &lt;code&gt;сочинение&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;сочинении&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2 ending with &lt;code&gt;ий&lt;/code&gt; - changes to &lt;code&gt;ии&lt;/code&gt;, like in &lt;code&gt;гений&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;гении&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 + exceptions, ending changes to &lt;code&gt;-и&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;боль&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;боли&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Genitive&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1a, &lt;code&gt;-a&lt;/code&gt; changes to &lt;code&gt;-ы&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;мама&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;мамы&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1b, &lt;code&gt;-я&lt;/code&gt; changes to &lt;code&gt;-eй&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;дядя&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;дяди&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2a,  ending changes to &lt;code&gt;-a&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;сон&lt;/code&gt;→ &lt;code&gt;снa&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2b,  ending changes to &lt;code&gt;-a&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;море&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;моря&lt;/code&gt;; &lt;code&gt;конь&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;коня&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3, ending changes to &lt;code&gt;-и&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;боль&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;боли&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Accusative&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1a, &lt;code&gt;-a&lt;/code&gt; changes to &lt;code&gt;-у&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;мама&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;маму&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1b, &lt;code&gt;-я&lt;/code&gt; changes to &lt;code&gt;-ю&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;дядя&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;дядю&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2a,  ending changes to &lt;code&gt;-a&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;сон&lt;/code&gt;→ &lt;code&gt;снa&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2b,  ending changes to &lt;code&gt;-я&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;море&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;моря&lt;/code&gt;; &lt;code&gt;конь&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;коня&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3, ending changes to &lt;code&gt;-и&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;боль&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;боли&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is simplified as much as possible. Just like I've said, there are some exceptions, there are some obsolete endings that still can be use, there are some variations for animate and inanimate nouns. Finally, of course, you need to memorize rules for plural as well. But this is that exactly rare case when I believe that it's better to have a separate answer on this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-30T08:42:02.517" LastActivityDate="2017-06-30T08:42:02.517" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7094" CreationDate="2017-06-30T17:28:06.207" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just wanted to add my two cents on this. Even though nominalization of adjectives is something that not that exotic to Russian - a lot of quite used words evolved that way - speaking of ethnonym it's indeed almost the only example of such derivation. But it's not unique! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's at least one another Russian ethnonym derived from adjective - there's a small group of Turkic (Tatar) people who turned into christianity, so called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;кряшены&lt;/a&gt;. This actually is derived from &lt;code&gt;крещённые&lt;/code&gt; (baptized). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of whether this exists in other languages - well, look up for ethnonym nominalisation and you'll find some examples - but this is better to be asked at Linguistics SE.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-06-30T17:34:10.640" LastActivityDate="2017-06-30T17:34:10.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14746" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-06-30T18:49:03.583" Score="5" ViewCount="673" Body="&lt;p&gt;The other day I heard a friend of mine speaking Russian to her mom on the phone, and she said, &quot;да, она очень найс&quot;, switching to English (nice) for the last word. When I asked her about it, she said that по-русски she would have said &amp;lt;&amp;lt;хорошая&gt;&gt; but that this wouldn't necessarily refer to her disposition specifically like &quot;nice&quot; does, and is more cumbersome. So two questions:&#xA;1) is it becoming colloquially acceptable to use &quot;nice&quot; in Russian? And&#xA;2) are there other situations like this where a borrowing is coming to replace a Russian word in certain situations (due to increased specificity)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9207" LastEditorUserId="9207" LastEditDate="2017-07-01T00:19:10.167" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T07:22:56.987" Title="&quot;Очень найс&quot; - is it valid Russian?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14746" CreationDate="2017-06-30T19:39:33.067" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, it's definitely a slang nowhere even near gaining any traction enough to claim it is a widely-accepted colloquial word. Yes, true, some younger (ha-ha) hipsters use it, but I'd rather claim that some of soviet hippies slang was more widely adopted. I'm mentioning hippies mainly because their slang also was heavily influenced by English, like, &quot;хайратый&quot; (from &quot;hair&quot;), герла (from &quot;girl&quot;), шузы (shoes) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not trying to neglect any kind of foreign influence, this happens a lot in any language, it's just that &quot;найс&quot; de-facto is not there yet, if it will be at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same social group uses such borrowings as &quot;харассить&quot;, &quot;абьюзить&quot;, &quot;фан&quot; (from &quot;fun&quot;) - but still, time will tell whether this hype will change the language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of the second part of your question - that happened a lot throughout the history of Russian. Some words, like &quot;серьёзный&quot;, &quot;юзер&quot;, &quot;киллер&quot; co-exist in Russian alongside with their &quot;pure&quot; counterparts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-03T09:02:42.737" LastActivityDate="2017-07-03T09:02:42.737" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14746" CreationDate="2017-06-30T20:29:47.053" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it becoming colloquially acceptable to use &quot;nice&quot; in Russian&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, as far as I can tell, it's not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This word would probably be not understood by Russian speakers not speaking English and living outside English speaking environment (that is majority or the Russian speakers).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Direct borrowing of adjectives (without adapting them to Russian paradigm) is not characteristic for Russian at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are lots of words in Russian which can be used to convey the meaning of &quot;nice person&quot;: &lt;em&gt;милый, любезный, приятный&lt;/em&gt; etc., each of them having its own specific.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since both your friend and her mother are apparently bilingual in both English and Russian, your friend used the first suitable word in either language to cross her mind (most probably because she met the woman she was talking about in an English-speaking environment) and didn't bother with adapting it for Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are there other situations like this where a borrowing is coming to replace a Russian word in certain situations (due to increased specificity)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, as soon as there appears a concept worth distinguishing with a separate word, the word emerges in the language, either through borrowing or in any other way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, Russian for &quot;pastry&quot; is &lt;em&gt;пирожное&lt;/em&gt;, a word which was coined in XIX century, first as a collective noun only. A certain type of pastry was at first called &lt;em&gt;английский хлеб&lt;/em&gt;, but when it become popular enough to deserve a term on its own, it was named with a loanword &lt;em&gt;кекс&lt;/em&gt; (from &quot;cakes&quot;). Both muffins and cupcakes used to be called that, however, later, as they gained popularity in Russia, they came to be known as &lt;em&gt;маффин&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;капкейк&lt;/em&gt; in Russian as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, all verbs and adjectives borrowed from other languages are adapted to Russian paradigms: &lt;em&gt;парковаться&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;джинсовый&lt;/em&gt; etc. If the loanwords are hard to adapt to Russian as adjectives or verbs, they become nouns and are used analytically: &lt;em&gt;цвет хаки&lt;/em&gt; &quot;khaki&quot;, &lt;em&gt;читать рэп&lt;/em&gt; &quot;to rap&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2017-06-30T20:29:47.053" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14750" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-02T06:45:42.250" Score="-1" ViewCount="42" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can someone help me figure out what do the letters outside and inside the brackets means? How do I read them? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianforeveryone.com/Rufe/Lessons/Course1/Summary%20Tables/NounAdjective%20Endings_1.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.russianforeveryone.com/Rufe/Lessons/Course1/Summary%20Tables/NounAdjective%20Endings_1.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9076" LastEditorUserId="9076" LastEditDate="2017-07-02T07:20:29.837" LastActivityDate="2017-07-02T07:43:51.677" Title="Noun and Adjective Case Endings" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-07-02T09:08:03.113" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14751" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-02T07:39:43.810" Score="3" ViewCount="244" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can someone show me the declension for мать in all the cases plurals? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9076" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-02T17:50:43.913" LastActivityDate="2017-07-02T17:58:53.373" Title="Declension of `мать` in plural" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14750" CreationDate="2017-07-02T07:43:51.677" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As it says under the table, &quot;Soft variants of all endings are given in parenthesis.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Words can be either 'hard' (первый) or 'soft' (синий) meaning they consistently take either hard or soft endings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&#xA;hard    soft&#xA;первый  синий&#xA;первого синего&#xA;первому синему&#xA;первым  синим&#xA;первом  синем&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a 'mixed' class (e.g. лёгкий, большой) which is just like 'hard' except for endings whose fist letter is и/ы; in these cases they are 'soft', i.e. take the -и endings, not -ы:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&#xA;hard    soft   mixed&#xA;первый  синий  лёгкий&#xA;первого синего лёгкого&#xA;первому синему лёгкому&#xA;первым  синим  лёгким&#xA;первом  синем  лёгком&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-07-02T07:43:51.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14751" CreationDate="2017-07-02T07:53:51.180" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Им.ма'тери&#xA;Род.матере'й&#xA;Дат.матеря'м&#xA;Вин.матере'й,&#xA;Тв.матеря'ми,&#xA;Предл.о матеря'х.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's the declension of the word мать(singular)– матери (plural ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-07-02T07:53:51.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14695" CreationDate="2017-07-02T16:28:50.267" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;While @Matt is right and those forms became obsolete at the end of XIX century, however, there are some forms that you still can encounter it in casual usage. It's very rare, it wouldn't be oversimplification to say - always stick to new endings (&lt;code&gt;-ой&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ей&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ью&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;-ою&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ею&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ию&lt;/code&gt;), still, don't be surprised if you'll heard:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты с головою, что ли, не дружишь совсем? (instead of c &lt;code&gt;головой&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты куда ты с непокрытой головою на мороз?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты рукою себе помог!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;C дядею пока посиди, мы через час будем. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's difficult to google this though because, apart from this being rare  , in media this just won't be acceptable and in written language native speaker would just use the correct form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, once again, not to contradict Matt - this is only about very small set of short popular words, like &lt;code&gt;тётя&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;дядя&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;рука&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;нога&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;река&lt;/code&gt; etc. With &lt;code&gt;армией&lt;/code&gt; you'll never hear &lt;code&gt;армиею&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-07-02T16:28:50.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14751" CreationDate="2017-07-02T17:32:53.797" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, the only irregularity here is that &lt;code&gt;мать&lt;/code&gt; - changes to &lt;code&gt;матер&lt;/code&gt; - and then just a regular suffix added - the same one what we have in &lt;code&gt;боль&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;тетрадь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;соль&lt;/code&gt; -  that is, all feminine nouns ending at &lt;code&gt;-ь&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those words traditionally are classified as belonging to the 3rd declension, which in plural has following endings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nom.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;-и&lt;/code&gt; (obsolete &lt;code&gt;-я&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gen.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;-ей&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Acc.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;-ей&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Dat.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;-ям&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Inst.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;-ями&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Prep.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;-ях&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This classification is pretty rough though, and Russian linguist Zaliznyak came up with a more &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C:%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;precise classification&lt;/a&gt; which is de-facto pretty much adopted by the linguistics community. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to this classification, word &lt;code&gt;мать&lt;/code&gt; belongs to &lt;code&gt;8e^&lt;/code&gt; category, where:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the number eight corresponds to the 3rd in traditional classification&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;letter &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; indicates that for any case except nominative the suffix is stressed, not the root &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the &lt;code&gt;^&lt;/code&gt; symbol indicates that this particular noun still has some kind of peculiar properties. In our particular case, it's exactly &lt;code&gt;мат&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;матер&lt;/code&gt;  transformation. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, there's other example of &lt;strong&gt;8e^&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;code&gt;дочь&lt;/code&gt; in plural becomes &lt;code&gt;дочери&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What can stop you from asking a question about declension of any Russian word you are interested in? &lt;strong&gt;Refer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Russian wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (this information quite often is omitted in the English one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EHz83.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EHz83.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-02T17:58:53.373" LastActivityDate="2017-07-02T17:58:53.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14758" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14759" CreationDate="2017-07-04T14:53:19.067" Score="8" ViewCount="369" Body="&lt;p&gt;Every source I can find of the lyrics of &lt;em&gt;Тополиный пух&lt;/em&gt; claims that the song contains the following line near the beginning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И беспечной птицей в небо улетаешь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I understand correctly, «беспечной» is declined in the genitive case, which makes sense in the context of the English translation of the lyrics that I found (&quot;[and] like a carefree bird&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, «птицей» appears to be declined in the instrumental. Why is this the case? Doesn't this break the agreement between the adjective and the noun (as well as not making much sense—&quot;with a bird&quot;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's possible that this is simply a transcription error that someone made and every other website copied, as the genitive of птица, птицы, sounds similar (and I can't tell from the audio which one is actually being sung). Additionally, -ей seems to be a common genitive case ending, but it's just the wrong one for птица.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I know next to nothing about the Russian language, so I'm not sure whether any of this is accurate. Is this simply an error in the written lyrics, or is there a reason to use the instrumental case for the noun here (or am I wrong about its being in the instrumental at all)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7215" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-04T20:06:11.380" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T23:07:45.667" Title="«И беспечной птицей» - why instrumental?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14758" CreationDate="2017-07-04T15:33:30.323" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;И беспечной птицей&quot; is indeed in an instrumental case - it answers the question &quot;Улетаешь кем?&quot; - птицей. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To better understand why it is so, think of this phrase as of something with hidden verb which is not used but sort of is implied:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Улетаешь &lt;em&gt;[прикинувшись/обернувшись/cтав]&lt;/em&gt; кем? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are actually some other phrases constructed similarly, like in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сейчас волком завою от тоски. (I'm about to howl [like a -&gt; becoming] a wolf)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Клубы дыма незатейливой вереницей спиралек улетают куда-то ввысь.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But still you just need to memorize how verbs are governed.&#xA;After all, why, say &lt;code&gt;обернувшись лисой&lt;/code&gt;, not just &lt;code&gt;обернуться в лису&lt;/code&gt;? &#xA;With whatever tricky explanation we'll come, it's just that we need to learn it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;There's no contradiction between the adjective and the noun&lt;/strong&gt; in instrumental case - actually adjective is also in instrumental - @Abakan got it covered right in the comment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-05T06:12:05.540" LastActivityDate="2017-07-05T06:12:05.540" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14758" CreationDate="2017-07-04T15:48:49.920" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is instrumental case indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the functions of instrumental in Russian is conveying sense of similarity. Usually it can be replaced with an analytical construct with &lt;em&gt;как&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;like&quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Время летит стрелою (&lt;em&gt;как стрела&lt;/em&gt;) // Time flies like an arrow&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я волком (&lt;em&gt;как волк&lt;/em&gt;) бы выгрыз бюрократизм // I'd tear like a wolf at bureaucracy&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian adverbs ending in &lt;em&gt;-ски, -цки&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;по-английски, по-дурацки, мастерски&lt;/em&gt;) etc. are in fact remnants of the same paradigm in Old Russian: they are nothing else than adjectives in what used to be m. pl. inst. in Old Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2017-07-04T15:48:49.920" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14758" CreationDate="2017-07-04T17:41:53.990" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The line is correct and makes sense as written:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И беспечной птицей в небо улетаешь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While &quot;беспечной&quot; &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; be genitive, if you refer to a conjugation chart you will see that this form is also prepositional, dative, or instrumental. You have to look at the context to resolve the ambiguity. Since it modifies &quot;птицей&quot; which is unambiguously instrumental, &quot;беспечной&quot; resolves to instrumental to match. So, there is no agreement problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Changing &quot;птицей&quot; to &quot;птицы&quot; as you propose would indeed put it in the genitive case, but the resulting sentence would no longer mean &quot;like a carefree bird&quot;. Instead it would be &quot;of a carefree bird&quot; which would not make any sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nor does &quot;беспечной птицей&quot; mean &quot;with a carefree bird&quot;. That would be &quot;с беспечной птицей&quot;. The preposition &quot;с&quot; is necessary to convey &quot;with&quot; in the sense of &quot;together&quot;. So, the person addressed is not flying off in the company of a carefree bird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without the preposition &quot;с&quot;, the instrumental case has two main uses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To indicate that the noun so declined is an instrument or means used to accomplish the action&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To indicate that the noun is the name of a role being played&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So either the bird is a vehicle used to fly away into the sky, or the person flying away is playing the role of a carefree bird. I am guessing that in this context the second option is the most likely. Therefore the literal translation is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And as a carefree bird [thou] art flying away into the sky&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Russian text the &quot;thou&quot; is omitted, but we can infer it from &quot;улетаешь&quot;, &quot;art flying away&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastActivityDate="2017-07-04T17:41:53.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4326" CreationDate="2017-07-05T13:56:24.950" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The part about cases is already answered, I just want to add that actually most probably you don't need to try to translate as &lt;code&gt;живое исполнение&lt;/code&gt; at all. It's a valid Russian but in colloquial speech you'd rather hear &lt;code&gt;вживую&lt;/code&gt;, so, the phrase will be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне больше нравится, когда играют вживую.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я предпочитаю, когда вживую исполняют.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-07-05T13:56:24.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14763" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-05T14:51:41.737" Score="3" ViewCount="229" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &lt;strong&gt;бон вояж&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Доброго пути&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My friend is going from city to city (about 10 hours far) I want to wish her a good wish for her journey. Which one is more common and understandable? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-05T15:49:11.107" LastActivityDate="2018-03-18T08:20:13.727" Title="&quot;Бон вояж&quot; vs.&quot;Доброго пути&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14764" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14763" CreationDate="2017-07-05T15:11:36.480" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Бон вояж is too 18th century. You'll be much better off with Счастли́вого пути́! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-07-05T15:11:36.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14765" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14763" CreationDate="2017-07-05T15:38:30.383" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Bon voyage&lt;/code&gt; (or &lt;code&gt;Бон вояж&lt;/code&gt;, whatever) is a French phrase which the majority of native speakers will be very confused to hear - &lt;strong&gt;it's just not used&lt;/strong&gt;. A big amount of people won't even understand you. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stick to one from following list:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;доброго пути&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;счастливого пути&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;хорошей дороги&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;хорошо вам добраться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;хорошо вам доехать / долететь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of @Sergey-Slepov comment, it's very difficult to say whether it was adopted or not just because Russian aristocracy just was able easily to switch to French - and then &quot;bon voyage&quot; of course could be used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian though to my knowledge it was never widely adopted. &#xA;Some times it was used with slightly different meaning like &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.de/books?id=dwSPBQAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA321&amp;amp;lpg=PA321&amp;amp;dq=%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B6%D1%8A&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=2kRA1HipwE&amp;amp;sig=LNPmLRlZRSRhcvDk_A-bKn6WqQQ&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwidneKkv_LUAhUGWRQKHdm9BAc4ChDoAQgyMAM#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B6%D1%8A&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/R1FSG.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/R1FSG.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this context, &quot;сделать бон вояж&quot; is to make a nice trip.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.de/books?id=IGhGAAAAYAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA151&amp;amp;lpg=PA151&amp;amp;dq=%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B6%D1%8A&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=fF098OxHAi&amp;amp;sig=KsLFPaNLc-J2A2PMBAk5IMjphBQ&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwidneKkv_LUAhUGWRQKHdm9BAc4ChDoAQgoMAE#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B6%D1%8A&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt;'s another example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Grgs2.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Grgs2.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кто в аферисты, кто в пеструшки /&#xA;  Пускается на авантаж /&#xA;  Зато в самой Москве старушки /&#xA;  Желают в Вятку бон-вояж (want to make a trip to Vyashka). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But even in this particular meaning (which, again, is not a wish of a nice trip but rather the trip itself) is obsolete and not used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-03-18T08:20:13.727" LastActivityDate="2018-03-18T08:20:13.727" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14766" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-05T17:01:28.513" Score="10" ViewCount="1973" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am seeking the etyomology of the name of the peninsula, Kamchatka. The only explanation I have found is in the old book &quot;A shooting trip to Kamchatka&quot;, which suggests that it comes from a term meaning &quot;uneven or rough&quot; (possibly &lt;em&gt;камчатый&lt;/em&gt;, which Google translates as &quot;crenate&quot; or &quot;scalloped&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the explanation substantiated? Is the name's origin Russian anyway? Who named it, and to describe which feature? Was the peninsula so named before the Kamchatka River?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="8359" LastEditDate="2017-09-05T05:55:06.053" LastActivityDate="2020-05-19T16:45:23.427" Title="Origin of name &quot;Kamchatka&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;places&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14766" CreationDate="2017-07-05T17:06:05.693" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nobody knows&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, this whole peninsula was named so because there's a river called &lt;code&gt;Камчатка&lt;/code&gt;, but &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;according&lt;/a&gt; to wikipedia (and other sources actually) there are literally dozens of version from where this name came.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some facts though:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First evidence of &lt;code&gt;Kamchatka&lt;/code&gt; we have is a dutch map, dated back to 1687 and based on some Russian sources. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ethnonym &lt;code&gt;камчадал&lt;/code&gt; (kamchadal) came to usage not earlier that at at the very end of XVIIth century.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There was a Russian &lt;code&gt;землепроходец&lt;/code&gt; (sort of pioneer) &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Иван Камчатый&lt;/a&gt; (Ivan Kamchatyj) and from his name &lt;code&gt;Камчатка&lt;/code&gt; was derived. The funny part is that actually nobody knows as well whether he reached the peninsula at all - though he traveled a lot through Siberia and Far East.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are versions that this name is actually of Yakut/Tatar/Uygur/Koryak/Itelmen/etc. origin&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is a version that it's derived from a name of a specific regional animal &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whatever of the of versions is correct it most probably &lt;strong&gt;has nothing to do with Russian language&lt;/strong&gt; though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the exception of (highly doubtful) &lt;code&gt;Иван Камчатый&lt;/code&gt; version - &lt;code&gt;камчатый&lt;/code&gt; is an adjective, it's about something made of special fabric &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;called&lt;/a&gt; &lt;code&gt;камка&lt;/code&gt;, which is a Russian word of turkic origin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-05T18:02:17.083" LastActivityDate="2017-07-05T18:02:17.083" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14768" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14770" CreationDate="2017-07-05T18:55:31.613" Score="3" ViewCount="4678" Body="&lt;p&gt;Возьмём фразу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он говорит, что любит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь косвенная речь, но как поступить, если опустить &quot;что&quot;, нужно ли ставить какой-то знак препинания в фразах на месте вопросительного знака, и если нужно - то какой? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Говорит (?) любит.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Говорит (?) да.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Говорит (?) чай. &lt;em&gt;(его спросили, что он будет, чай или кофе)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user9230" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-05T19:46:56.693" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T09:06:21.337" Title="&quot;Говорит [что] любит&quot; - нужна ли запятая?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14766" CreationDate="2017-07-05T19:12:57.457" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a hypothesis that the toponym &lt;em&gt;Kamchatka&lt;/em&gt; has its origin in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainu_language&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ainu language&lt;/a&gt;. The original inhabitants of Southern Kamchatka, Sakhalin island, Kuril and Japanese islands were the Ainu people, most toponyms in the Southern Kamchatka, Kuril islands, and many toponyms on the Japanese islands are of Ainu origin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In his book &lt;a href=&quot;https://ridero.ru/books/kurilsko-kamchatskii_dialekt_ainskogo_yazyka/read/#textpreview&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Курильско-Камчатский диалект айнского языка&quot;&lt;/a&gt; (The Kuril-Kamchatka Dialect of the Ainu Language), Александр Акулов (Alexander Akulov) writes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Также само название Камчатка, похоже, является словом айнского происхождения, поскольку в нем в финальной позиции виден тот же компонент &lt;em&gt;ka&lt;/em&gt;, что и в проанализированных выше топонимах; судя по всему слово Камчатка состоит из следующих элементов: &lt;em&gt;kam&lt;/em&gt; «простираться» + &lt;em&gt;cak&lt;/em&gt; «взрываться» + &lt;em&gt;ka&lt;/em&gt; «место» таким образом, изначально топоним, вероятно, выглядел как &lt;em&gt;Kamcakka&lt;/em&gt; и означал «простирающаяся [и] взрывающаяся местность».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also, the name &lt;em&gt;Kamchatka&lt;/em&gt; appears to be a word of Ainu origin, since in it the same component &lt;em&gt;ka&lt;/em&gt; is found in the final position, as in the toponyms analyzed above. Apparently, the word &lt;em&gt;Kamchatka&lt;/em&gt; consists of the following elements: &lt;em&gt;kam&lt;/em&gt; &quot;stretch&quot; + &lt;em&gt;cak&lt;/em&gt; &quot;explode&quot; + &lt;em&gt;ka&lt;/em&gt; &quot;place&quot;, so originally the toponym probably looked like &lt;em&gt;Kamcakka&lt;/em&gt; and meant &quot;stretching [and] exploding terrain.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Exploding&quot; refers to the fact that there are many volcanoes and geyser on the Kamchatka peninsula.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2017-07-05T19:12:57.457" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14768" CreationDate="2017-07-05T20:00:14.460" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Тут &lt;strong&gt;нужна запятая&lt;/strong&gt;. Вы правильно заметили, &amp;quot;что&amp;quot; попросту пропущено (как и &amp;quot;он&amp;quot;), но это не отменяет того факта, что предложение это - сложноподчинённое и обособляется запятой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но правила также &lt;strong&gt;допускают и&lt;/strong&gt; интонационное &lt;strong&gt;тире&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;В справочнике Розенталя читаем:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тире ставится для интонационного отделения главной части&#xA;сложноподчиненного предложения от придаточной. Чаще всего тире&#xA;употребляется в тех случаях, когда главной части предшествует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И это на самом деле очень неплохой критерий, можно ли тут поставить тире.&#xA;Вот посмотрите, в приведённый вами примерах части можно переставить местами:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Чай — говорит.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Любит — говорит.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Немножко нам неудачный пример достался, потому что со словом &amp;quot;говорит&amp;quot; кажется, что это вообще прямая речь, которую надо обособлять иначе, но идея такая: если можно переставить местами, то можно и обособить интонационно дефисом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но в целом дефис будет предпочтительней только если сложное предложение содержит ещё какую-то часть, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Говорит — любит, а сам на других заглядывается!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наконец, знак препинания &lt;strong&gt;может быть опущен&lt;/strong&gt;, если нужно передать стремительность живой, разговорной речи, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Она:&lt;/em&gt; Вась, ну любишь меня, любишь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он:&lt;/em&gt; Говорю люблю, отстань наконец!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T09:06:21.337" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14771" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-05T21:33:43.907" Score="3" ViewCount="408" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which is correct for saying that I am good (feeling) if someone says how are you? (Как ты):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я хорошо  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я хорошая&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9232" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-05T22:04:00.857" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T18:20:14.000" Title="Which form of 'good' do I use?" Tags="&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14771" CreationDate="2017-07-06T10:13:58.050" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The correct form would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне хорошо&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian doesn't use the &quot;be&quot; verb for expressing emotional state, such as English or French. So, the adverb хорошо is correct grammatically. However, this expresses &quot;I have a good feeling right now&quot; and the answer is not the common to expect to this rather casual question. Usually, people would answer &quot;All is good&quot; or similar, i.e:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Все хорошо (good)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Все отлично (great)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Все в порядке (in order)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Все нормально (normal)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9236" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T10:13:58.050" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14771" CreationDate="2017-07-06T10:19:44.953" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я – хорошо́. Or just 'хорошо́':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как ты?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Хорошо́!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This works for both men and women, no need to decline for gender &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason we use an adverb here and not an adjective is because а verb is implied:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я [живу́/чу́вствую себя́] хорошо́.&#xA;I [live/feel] well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And a verb requires an adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also say 'Всё хорошо́' (All good) or 'У меня́ всё хорошо́' (All good with me).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-07-21T11:31:10.580" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T11:31:10.580" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14776" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14874" CreationDate="2017-07-06T16:01:42.720" Score="11" ViewCount="805" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a well known phrase &amp;quot;скатертью дорога&amp;quot; which is sort of caustic version of &amp;quot;good riddance&amp;quot;. There's also a common knowledge that this phrase initially meant something exactly the opposite from what it means now, namely, it was sort of Russian &amp;quot;Bon voyage&amp;quot;. And then this original meaning gradually faded away and finally what was actually the ironical rethinking became the main usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is I'm failing to find any sources on this being true - there's no evidence of &amp;quot;скатертью дорога&amp;quot; ever used as some positive wish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question would be - when exactly this phrase came to usage and what exactly it meant back then?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the earliest reference I was able to find. This is from a play written by Ivan Mikhailovich Dolgorukov, who lived at the end of XVIIIth - beginning of XIXth century:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дурылом:&lt;/strong&gt; Любовь чума в семье, в которой девок много&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Лестигон:&lt;/strong&gt; Любви счастливый путь, и скатертью дорога!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's actually already quite ironical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In phraseological &lt;a href=&quot;http://enc.biblioclub.ru/encyclopedia/98574_Hodyachie_i_metkie_slova&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;dictionary&lt;/a&gt; &amp;quot;Ходячiя и мѣткiя слова&amp;quot;(Mikhelson, in modern orthography &amp;quot;Ходячие и меткие слова&amp;quot;) one can find:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zekjU.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/zekjU.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aov7W.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aov7W.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The positive wish meaning is not mentioned at all. In comments there are some examples of positive usage dating back to XIXth century. While those are nice finds, that by itself proves nothing. For instance, this could be a later development.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-08-06T08:59:15.447" Title="&quot;Скатертью дорога&quot; - was it ever a positive thing after all?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14771" CreationDate="2017-07-06T16:06:41.877" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase &amp;quot;I am good.&amp;quot; in English has many meanings. You are looking for the most modern of them. The Russian translations which you propose convey an earlier meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Within the last two decades here in New English people have started to say &amp;quot;I am good.&amp;quot; instead of &amp;quot;I am well&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;I am fine.&amp;quot; or even instead of &amp;quot;I do not need anything.&amp;quot; Though the grammar is dubious, these expressions are understood. These meanings can be conveyed thus:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня всё хорошо. (I am fine.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня всё в порядке. (I am OK, not hurt.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ничего мне не надо. (I do not need anything.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Earlier, in the late 20th century &amp;quot;I am good.&amp;quot; was understood in line with its literal meaning: &amp;quot;good&amp;quot; described the quality of &amp;quot;I&amp;quot;. A person who had just completed a feat of skill might boast &amp;quot;I am good!&amp;quot; Your suggestion &amp;quot;Я хорошая&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;I am a good.&amp;quot;, spoken by a female) might be seen as an attempt to achieve this boasting meaning. &amp;quot;Я хорошо.&amp;quot; also sounds like a boast, though it is missing a verb. Unless the context clearly supplies one, it must be included. For example, one could say &amp;quot;Я пою хорошо.&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;I sing well.&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still earlier, &amp;quot;I am good.&amp;quot; meant &amp;quot;I am kind.&amp;quot;, especially in 19th century novels. For example: &amp;quot;I am very good to you.&amp;quot; would be &amp;quot;Я очень добр/добра к тебе.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, &amp;quot;good&amp;quot; can refer to adherence to moral standards: &amp;quot;добродетельная женшина&amp;quot; (a good woman), or Eliza Dolittle's &amp;quot;It's a good girl I am!&amp;quot; (Я порядочная девушка!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T18:20:14.000" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14779" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14787" CreationDate="2017-07-06T19:15:08.920" Score="6" ViewCount="2403" Body="&lt;p&gt;During a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duolingo&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Duolingo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Russian lesson the other day, I translated the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;My place is at home,&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Моё место домой,&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but the answer given was:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Моё место дома.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Google search seems to indicate that both are legitimate sentences, but my version -- using &lt;strong&gt;&quot;домой&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;&quot;дома&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; -- does not seem to be used very often.  Does anybody know what the differences are between these two versions of this sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastActivityDate="2017-07-09T16:28:52.690" Title="Are &quot;домой&quot; and &quot;дома&quot; interchangeable and if not, what's the difference?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14779" CreationDate="2017-07-06T19:19:35.237" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, they are not interchangeable at all. &lt;code&gt;Домой&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;home, homeward&quot; (as in&#xA; &quot;go home&quot;), and &lt;code&gt;дома&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;at home&quot; (as in &quot;stay at home&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, &quot;моё место дома&quot; is indeed correct, because it answers the question &quot;where is my place&quot;? At home. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now you can just memorize these forms the way they are but at some stage of learning Russian it's just inevitable to need to learn more about Russian &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Russian/Grammar/Cases&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cases&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See there are no cases in modern English at all (only some traces like &quot;who&quot;/&quot;whom&quot;/&quot;whose&quot;) but you just know what's the difference between &quot;at home&quot;, &quot;by home&quot;, &quot;to home&quot; etc. - it's just something you've actually memorized - some of information that is passed by prepositions in English is passed by the cases. It's just the way it is. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, it's even more tricky, technically, &quot;домой&quot; and &quot;дома&quot; are adverbs, not nouns, so it's not correct to talk of cases but actually those are historically just &quot;frozen&quot; forms of noun &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;дом&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, to introduce even more confusion, those are &quot;frozen&quot; form of so called &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/404/what-are-the-lesser-known-russian-cases&quot;&gt;smaller&lt;/a&gt; cases - one that are not used for all nouns but there are some remnants of ancient, richer than modern, conjugation system. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, just accept it the way it is ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-07-06T21:33:55.160" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T21:33:55.160" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14781" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14782" CreationDate="2017-07-06T20:04:53.040" Score="3" ViewCount="352" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have noticed that the plural of some animate nouns sounds very similar to its plural accusative.  Here are some examples from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forvo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Forvo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; so you can hear what I mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;писатели&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;писателей&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;соседи&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;соседей&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;короли&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/search/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;королей&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;жители&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;жителей&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;председатели&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;председателей&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the following pairings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;цари&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;царей&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;гости&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;гостей&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;врачи&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B9/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;врачей&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;секретари&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;секретарей&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do detect a difference in pronunciation, which makes me wonder if the differences in pronunciation are due to variations in the speaker or variations in the pronunciation of the word itself.  Forvo is fantastic, but it is powered by people and though pronunciations are subjected to a voting system that is only open to native speakers, it is not forced to meet any rigorous standards by accredited institutions.  In English, I can go to any number of good, free, online dictionaries that will pronounce the word in English and feel reasonably certain that the pronunciation is correct.  I don't have that guarantee with Forvo, but based off the English I've heard on it, it's pretty darn good.  Not being a native speaker of Russian, I'm taking it on good faith that these pronunciations are as true to the prescribed dictionary pronunciations as they can get.  Are there any native Russian speakers who can give their assessment of the Russian recordings at Forvo?  Or know of a free, online, &lt;em&gt;authoritative&lt;/em&gt; resource that provides pronunciations of Russian words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This next and final example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;герой&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;герои&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;diverges a bit from the above-- it compares the masculine singular with the masculine plural -- but these, too, sound very similar to me.  Is there a distinct difference that native Russians hear between these two as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to sum up/recap, do these pairings, including the pair above, also sound the same to native Russian speakers or do they detect a difference between the two and one who is learning the language simply needs to train their ear better to detect the difference?  Or, is it possible that these words do have distinctive pronunciations but the speakers in some of these Forvo recordings aren't using precise pronunciation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastActivityDate="2020-12-13T21:10:20.513" Title="Should there be a detectable difference in pronunciation between masculine animate plural nominative nouns whose plural accusative ends in &quot;ей?&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14781" CreationDate="2017-07-06T23:00:31.633" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the second group the ending is stressed and pronounced more clearly. In the first group the ending is not stressed and thus is less discernible. Depending on the speaker, the rate of speech and other factors, unstressed vowels can be weakened to almost nothing. In an extreme case you could get [псатли] for писатели. Also note that an unstressed Е sounds almost like И in Russian which takes an unstressed -ЕЙ even closer to -И.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have listened to the Forvo readings and they sound like they were done by regular people trying to speak clearly at a normal rate (which may be too fast for a beginner).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wait, there is an odd one: a recording for королей (by Mshak) clearly says короли. I had to convince myself that it actually says королей. And the ending is stressed too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, it is quite possible that at some rate of speech -И and -ЕЙ can become indistinguishable even to a native Russian speaker. I guess same can be said of герой/герои.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-07-06T23:00:31.633" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14776" CreationDate="2017-07-07T02:23:05.090" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &amp;quot;Словарь русской фразеологии. Историко-этимологический справочник&amp;quot; by А.К.Бирих, В.М.Мокиенко, Л.И.Степанова (it doesn't say &amp;quot;when&amp;quot; but explains the original meaning):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mo5A0.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mo5A0.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally have seen it used in its original (positive) sense a couple of times in folk tales. There's also a similar (but really rare) expression &amp;quot;зеркалом дорога&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-07-07T02:23:05.090" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14781" CreationDate="2017-07-08T22:39:11.417" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there is difference in pronunciation; words that have &amp;quot;й&amp;quot; at the end have the [й'] sound at the end (IPA [j]).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to герой vs герои, their phonetic transcription is [г'ирой'] and [г'ирой'и] respectively, so there is difference again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-12-13T21:10:20.513" LastActivityDate="2020-12-13T21:10:20.513" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14786" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14771" CreationDate="2017-07-08T22:46:05.600" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я хорошо - ungrammatical&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я хорошая - means &quot;I am a good female person&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2017-07-08T22:46:05.600" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14779" CreationDate="2017-07-09T16:28:52.690" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suppose, your confusion stems from the fact, that in English different use cases of &quot;home&quot; can be translated to Russian as either &quot;домой&quot; or &quot;дома&quot;. Like in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;I'm going home&quot; — &quot;Я иду домой&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;I'm home (at last)&quot; — &quot;Я дома (наконец-то)&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian &quot;дом&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;й&quot; and &quot;д&lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt;ма&quot; are absolutely different words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;дом&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;й&quot; means a direction to home and answers to the question &quot;where&quot; in English, &lt;strong&gt;but &quot;куда&quot; in Russian&lt;/strong&gt;, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;это дорога домой — this is a road to home&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я иду домой — I'm going home&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;д&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;ма&quot; means a place, location and also answers to the question &quot;where&quot; in English, &lt;strong&gt;but &quot;где&quot; in Russian&lt;/strong&gt;, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я дома — I'm home&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мое место дома — my place is at home&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is they are not interchangeable and the only correct translation for &quot;My place is at home&quot; is &quot;мое место дома&quot;, except a case, where the phrase &quot;my place&quot; means one's home itself, like &quot;do you have a TV at your place&quot;. But in that case the phrase &quot;My place is at home&quot; would look very strange in and of itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastActivityDate="2017-07-09T16:28:52.690" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14788" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14789" CreationDate="2017-07-09T18:05:58.963" Score="7" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the following correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Whenever &lt;code&gt;в + (винительный падеж)&lt;/code&gt; is used to mean something, &lt;code&gt;из&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; used to mean the opposite.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Whenever &lt;code&gt;на + (винительный падеж)&lt;/code&gt; is used to mean something,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;с + (родительный падеж)&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; used to mean the opposite.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Whenever &lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt; is used to mean something, &lt;code&gt;от&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; used to mean the opposite. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I.e. am I correct in understanding that &lt;code&gt;в + (вин.) / из&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;на + (вин.)/с + (род.)&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;к/от&lt;/code&gt; are exact antonyms of each other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question isn't about when to use a certain pair (which is complicated, but I believe I mostly have the rules down for that), just whether each is a valid antonym pair, as I have inferred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2017-07-10T08:52:41.500" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T21:56:30.677" Title="Are these prepositions (&quot;of motion&quot;) exact antonyms?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="10" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14788" CreationDate="2017-07-09T20:48:20.307" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native speaker, I couldn't find any exception quickly. I can presume that what you have written is true, those prepositions can be called &quot;exact antonyms&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2017-07-09T20:48:20.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14790" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-10T06:14:55.380" Score="28" ViewCount="12241" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's commonly taught that the difference between ходить/идти and ездить/ехать (and between their prefixed derivations) is that the former connotes movement by foot and the latter connotes movement using a vehicle as the means of transportation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in my workbook, whenever the moving subject is a vehicle itself, verbs based on ходить/идти  are always used, instead of those based on ездить/ехать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Автобус подошёл к остановке&lt;/code&gt; even though I would say &lt;code&gt;Автобус подъехал к остановке&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Or &lt;code&gt;Автобус идёт 20 минут до центра.&lt;/code&gt; even though I would say &lt;code&gt;Автобус едет 20 минут до центра.&lt;/code&gt; But if the subject is &lt;code&gt;пассажиры на автобусе&lt;/code&gt; suddenly the workbook and I are in agreement, e.g. &lt;code&gt;пассажиры на автобусе подъехали к остановке&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; Is this correct? Why? Vehicles don't walk, and they don't even have feet to walk. And if a vehicle is moving, it is because someone is causing it to move.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, many times my book will refer to the motion corresponding to a trip across a city, involving multiple means of transportation and walking between them, using verbs based on ходить/идти instead of ездить/ехать. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: &lt;code&gt;Вчера мы ходили в Большой театр... Мы вошли в автобус... Мы доехали на автобусе до центра. В центре мы вышли из автобуса. Все вошли в театр.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; Is this correct either? If it is, then how can one distinguish trips where the person walked the entire way from trips when one used vehicular means of transportation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it were correct, reductio ad absurdum wouldn't it mean that we should almost never use the verbs based on ездить/ехать, because it is impossible to get to or from &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; means of vehicular transportation without walking somewhat (unless you were born on a bus and spend your entire life on that bus without ever leaving, or something like that).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="7239" LastEditDate="2017-07-10T10:11:59.377" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T21:32:43.947" Title="In Russian, do vehicles walk? And can one walk across the city using the bus?" Tags="&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="10" CommentCount="20" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14792" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14790" CreationDate="2017-07-10T07:36:00.580" Score="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you refer to the dictionary, you'll see that &lt;code&gt;ходить&lt;/code&gt;has &lt;strong&gt;a lot of&lt;/strong&gt; meanings. The clock also walks in Russian, and it doesn't mean it has legs or walks on its hands. :) The words almost never have 100% match in their meanings in different languages. The context details are always important. All your examples are correct, and can be both used in general case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of passengers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;пассажиры на автобусе подъехали к остановке&lt;/code&gt; - obviously, on the bus&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;пассажиры подъехали к остановке&lt;/code&gt; - on a vehicle ( or bicycles, or skis )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;пассажиры подошли к остановке&lt;/code&gt; - only on foot (walked)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of bus (possible contexts):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;- How much time does it take to get to the center on the bus?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Автобус идёт 20 минут до центра.&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;estimated travel time&lt;/strong&gt;, the bus is not actually moving&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;- How long have we been going on the bus?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Автобус едет 20 минут до центра.&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;the bus is actually moving&lt;/strong&gt;, in this meaning you can not use &lt;code&gt;ходить/идти&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Автобус подошел к остановке.&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;the bus is at the bus stop&lt;/strong&gt;, the passengers can get on the bus now&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd like to add that &lt;code&gt;Автобус подъехал к остановке.&lt;/code&gt;(&lt;strong&gt;the bus came to the bus stop&lt;/strong&gt;) is still a valid option. &#xA;The difference is that we emphasize the fact of movement when using &lt;code&gt;ехать&lt;/code&gt;. Please, note this difference is usually unimportant. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE 2&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Автобус ходит по расписанию.&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;the bus goes on schedule&lt;/strong&gt;, but today the bus is on servicing, and the passengers are waiting in vain. Another example: &lt;code&gt;Я хожу в школу.&lt;/code&gt; In both examples, &lt;code&gt;Ходить&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;to change location in the most general sense&lt;/strong&gt;. Credits to &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/14790/in-russian-do-vehicles-walk-and-can-one-walk-across-the-city-using-the-bus/14792?noredirect=1#comment30042_14792&quot;&gt;@Arioch&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8893" LastEditorUserId="8893" LastEditDate="2017-07-11T14:40:55.880" LastActivityDate="2017-07-11T14:40:55.880" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14788" CreationDate="2017-07-10T09:03:38.870" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This depends on your definition of antonym. Consider for instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;К трапу шла ковровая дорожка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;От трапа шла ковровая дорожка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning essentially the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2017-07-10T09:03:38.870" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14794" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14790" CreationDate="2017-07-10T09:09:21.193" Score="13" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yes, it is correct. Asking &quot;why?&quot; make no sense, because &quot;идти&quot; just means a lot of things. That's how languages work.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Идёт дождь/снег - it is raining/snowing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Идёт дым - there's smoke (over there).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Гроссмейстер сходил конём - The grand master moved the knight (chess). &#xA;  &lt;em&gt;And note - it's a Knight in English but only a Horse in Russian. Please don't ask why :)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эта рубашка ему идёт - this shirt suits him well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yes, this is corect too. But &quot;Вчера мы ходили в Большой театр&quot; does not mean &quot;yesterday we walked to the Bolshoy theatre&quot;. It's more like &quot;we were in the theatre yesterday&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to make it clear that you &lt;strong&gt;walked&lt;/strong&gt; the whole way, you can add &quot;пешком&quot; which means &quot;by foot&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2017-07-10T09:09:21.193" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14790" CreationDate="2017-07-10T09:43:39.233" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, practically every kind of vehicle can &lt;em&gt;ходить&lt;/em&gt;. It is very easy to tell if the sentence is about actual walking on foot or about a vehicle moving. If the subject of the sentence is a person/people, then it is about actual walking on foot, like in &lt;code&gt;Все вошли в театр.&lt;/code&gt; If the subject of the sentence is a name of a vehicle, then it is about a vehicle moving, like in &lt;code&gt;Автобус подошёл к остановке&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only exception is when the sentence is about sailors, they tend to use &lt;em&gt;ходить&lt;/em&gt; in the meaning of &lt;em&gt;to sail&lt;/em&gt;. In this case the destination is a port, or a continent, or a sea/ocean, or a country that has an access to a sea, like in &lt;code&gt;В прошлом году мы ходили в Японию.&lt;/code&gt; It is easy to tell the sentence is about a sailor because one cannot walk to Japan which is situated on an archipelago. When a non-sailor says &lt;em&gt;плавать&lt;/em&gt; (to sail) to a Russian sailor, the sailor will typically be offended and will correct the non-sailor by quoting the famous sailors' proverb, &lt;code&gt;Говно плавает, а корабль/моряк ходит.&lt;/code&gt; (lit. &quot;Shit floats, a ship/sailor walks.&quot; In Russian, 'to sail', 'to float', and 'to swim' are all called with the same verb &lt;em&gt;плавать&lt;/em&gt;). Note the word &lt;em&gt;судо&lt;strong&gt;ход&lt;/strong&gt;ство&lt;/em&gt;, 'navigation.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, one can &lt;em&gt;ходить&lt;/em&gt; only on a ship, like &lt;code&gt;Я ходил на разных судах.&lt;/code&gt; (I sailed different ships), it is wrong to say &lt;code&gt;*Я хожу на автобусе.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-07-10T09:48:40.643" LastActivityDate="2017-07-10T09:48:40.643" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14796" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14790" CreationDate="2017-07-10T10:51:55.903" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;All the examples in your textbook are correct, mainly because the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ход&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; basically means &quot;&lt;em&gt;move/motion/process&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (&quot;&lt;strong&gt;движение&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;) (do not mistake it with &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ходьба&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - &quot;&lt;em&gt;walking&lt;/em&gt;&quot;), and better representation of Russian words &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ходить/идти&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is English &quot;&lt;em&gt;go&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, and that's why Russians apply words/verbs connected with this notion to everything.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;In connection to the journey:&#xA;&lt;br&gt;In your example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пассажиры на автобусе подъехали к остановке&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt; you must say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;доехали/подъехали&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, because it was specifically pointed that people arrived in the bus. Without such a pointer (about means of transportation) you can use either &quot;&lt;strong&gt;подъехали&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;подошли&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. There are no real restrictions about it.&#xA;&lt;br&gt;Also:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In reference to mail (letters, packages, anything): &quot;&lt;strong&gt;почта пришла&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Common phrase &quot;&lt;strong&gt;дошло / дошло наконец-то&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - &quot;&lt;em&gt;(i/you/anyone) got it / finally got it&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (could be used as a question: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Дошло?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - &quot;&lt;em&gt;Do you get it?&lt;/em&gt;&quot;);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Seasons: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;лето пришло&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;подходит осень&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;а скоро и зима придёт&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;All the water transport &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ходит&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Time:  &quot;&lt;strong&gt;пришло время (для)&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - &quot;&lt;em&gt;it's time (to)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. The clock that works is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;идущие часы&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, not-working - &quot;&lt;strong&gt;стоящие/остановившиеся часы&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, sometimes you can meet the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ходики&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - it's also a clock;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Ход событий&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - &quot;&lt;em&gt;course of events&lt;/em&gt;&quot; etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is really a lot of meanings/applyings of the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ход&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in the Russian language, I highly doubt that anyone can touch all of the aspects of its usage. If you want, check up all the info about the word in the link below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck with further learning.:)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9247" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-07-10T11:27:38.507" LastActivityDate="2017-07-10T11:27:38.507" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14790" CreationDate="2017-07-10T11:24:48.370" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's a difficult problem when we have such multimeaningful verbs like &amp;quot;go&amp;quot;. But you can always find an answer in the Russian -English dictionary. Languages use different idioms for movement, especially for means of transport. Our pupils are often surprised to hear that English -speaking people &amp;quot;take a bus, catch a bus&amp;quot;,whereas we садимся в автобус, or even на автобус. Those are different images. There lots of funny pictures based on such expressions and poems.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дождь идет и не проходит, дождь, дождь,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дождь идет– хотя не ходит, дождь, дождь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for Мы ходили в кино, (whenever the meaning is &amp;quot;visit, attend &amp;quot;, you say ходили.) Ездили is also possible whenever you mention the means of transport you used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вчера мы ходили в Большой театр. Времени было в обрез, поэтому поехали на такси.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Автобус подошел быстро. Мы сели и поехали.&#xA;The bus идет, people едут на нем&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there is nothing wrong if you say. Машина подошла /подъехала быстро. Both options would be relevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more point is when we talk about how long it takes for a bus to cover some distance, we also say идет.We mean in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Автобус до Чертовиц идет два часа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if we talk about a certain bus which is in motion and we participate in it, we say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы едем уже два часа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-07-11T03:38:10.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14798" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-07-10T12:05:39.967" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-07-10T12:05:39.967" LastActivityDate="2017-07-10T12:05:39.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14799" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-07-10T12:05:39.967" Score="0" Body="For questions about verbs of movement, e.g. ходить and ездить." OwnerUserId="6350" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-07-20T15:06:21.407" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T15:06:21.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14790" CreationDate="2017-07-10T17:24:29.250" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While I agree with the most answers here, I suggest to take a look from a historical perspective. The verb &lt;code&gt;ходить&lt;/code&gt; (to walk) is older than &lt;code&gt;ехать&lt;/code&gt; (to drive/to ride). Hence the former has much broader range of meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, let's take a look at various means of transportation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Boats always &lt;code&gt;ходят&lt;/code&gt; (walking)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Trains almost always &lt;code&gt;ходят&lt;/code&gt; (walking). There is only a narrow set of situations where trains are allowed to &lt;code&gt;ехать&lt;/code&gt; (to drive/to ride). Example - &quot;&lt;code&gt;поезд едет по рельсам&lt;/code&gt;&quot; - &quot;train rides on rails&quot;. Note that there is no specific destination, direction or schedule implied - it is only about the riding process itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Horse drawn carriages &lt;code&gt;ездят&lt;/code&gt; (driving/riding)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now you see, if we progress from trains and carriages to trams and buses, a confusion ensues. Newer vehicles have features of both trains and carriages, so as a result, the language has a mixture of applicable verbs. Generally, the verb &quot;&lt;code&gt;ходить&lt;/code&gt;&quot; wins wherever a bus can be directly compared to a train. &quot;&lt;code&gt;Автобус идет по расписанию&lt;/code&gt;&quot; - &quot;The bus goes on schedule&quot;. But buses have a considerable leeway with &quot;&lt;code&gt;ехать&lt;/code&gt;&quot; (to drive/to ride). &quot;&lt;code&gt;Автобус едет по расписанию&lt;/code&gt;&quot; - &quot;The bus drives on schedule&quot; is also an acceptable form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in either case, when we talk about the passengers and not the trains/buses themselves, &lt;code&gt;ехать&lt;/code&gt; is the correct word. &quot;&lt;code&gt;Мы едем на поезде&lt;/code&gt;&quot; - &quot;We ride on a train&quot;, but never &quot;&lt;code&gt;Мы идем на поезде&lt;/code&gt;&quot; - &quot;We go (walk) on a train&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other example (&lt;code&gt;Вчера мы ходили в Большой театр&lt;/code&gt; - Yesterday we went to Bolshoy theater) is actually a completely different beast. The verb &lt;code&gt;ходить&lt;/code&gt; here actually means &quot;to attend&quot; and not the means of transportation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2017-07-10T17:24:29.250" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14790" CreationDate="2017-07-10T20:32:11.037" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Russian myself, I think it has something to do with the SPEED of moving/transportation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So&#xA;1) It's correct. &quot;Vehicles don't walk, and they don't even have feet to walk.&quot; &#xA;It just means that bus had the speed of somebody with feet during the action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, ships are walking as well (and yes, they don't have feet either). But most of the Russians incorrectly use verb &quot;swim&quot; instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) How can one distinguish trips where the person walked the entire way from trips when one used vehicular means of transportation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's usually clear from the context, based on distance. When phrase is talking about some event like birthday or theater performance then it's more like &quot;went&quot;, which has undefined meaning of transportation as well; only the fact &quot;being there&quot; matters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9259" LastActivityDate="2017-07-10T20:32:11.037" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14790" CreationDate="2017-07-11T04:00:51.260" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ходить/идти can have different meanings, not all of them are &quot;to walk&quot;. It often means &quot;to move&quot;, &quot;to transport [itself]&quot;, in the most general sense. Therefore, автобус подошёл к остановке is correct, it doesn't mean the bus walked to the bus stop, it means the bus moved itself to the bus stop, no need to say more, we all know how it is with the buses. Автобус подъехал к остановке is also correct, the only difference is that it makes the nuance of how vehicles move themselves around a bit more explicit. So, an автобус can both подойти and подъехать, the same meaning. A пассажир, though, by himself can only подойти (walk). In &quot;пассажиры на автобусе подъехали к остановке&quot; it feels that only подъехали can be used, because &quot;пассажир подошел&quot; gives an image of a passenger walking, all by himself. However, it is OK to say &quot;моряки на яхте подошли к острову&quot;, that is sort of professional slang, although widely used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ходить/идти may also mean something like &quot;to visit&quot;, &quot;to attend&quot;: пойти в театр, пойти в туалет, ходить в школу, etc. Speaking literally, to transport yourself into the facility in order to use the facility for its intended purpose. Therefore, &quot;я ходил в театр&quot; does not tell anything about my means of transportation: I might have walked, rode a taxi, flew a helicopter, even. No way to distinguish from that phrase alone. Why would there be?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it really that different from English &quot;go&quot;, &quot;walk&quot; and &quot;attend&quot;, for example? They can also be used interchangeably in some context, but not always. And you can go to a theater on foot or by bus, and that, too, would be indistinguishable, unless directly specified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if by &quot;why?&quot; you're asking &quot;where's logic in all that?&quot; - there's little to none, unfortunately, as with any other natural language. If by &quot;why?&quot; you're asking &quot;how do I know which verb to use?&quot; - that comes only with practice and experience, unfortunately, as with any other natural language. No single answer on StackExchange, nor a single textbook paragraph, however brilliant, will enlighten you enough to achieve the ultimate understanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2017-07-11T04:00:51.260" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14790" CreationDate="2017-07-11T15:37:07.650" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In Russian, do vehicles walk? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walking_vehicle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Walking vehicles&lt;/a&gt; do. :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between 'идти́' and 'е́хать' is &lt;em&gt;almost&lt;/em&gt; that between 'go' and 'ride'. Whenever you have doubts as to which one to use, make these changes to your question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Идти́/ходи́ть -&gt; go.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Е́хать/е́здить -&gt; ride.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Russian -&gt; English.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and then use your knowledge of English to answer the question. Let's see how this works:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do vehicles 'идти́/ходи́ть' in Russian?&lt;/strong&gt; This translates to &lt;code&gt;--&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do vehicles 'go' in English?&lt;/strong&gt; Of course they do!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;This train goes to Liverpool Street.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Э́тот по́езд идёт до Ливерпу́ль-Стрит.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do people 'идти́/ходи́ть' in Russian?&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;code&gt;--&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do people 'go' in English?&lt;/strong&gt; Of course they do!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;The boy goes to school.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ма́льчик хо́дит в шко́лу.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do people 'е́хать/е́здить' in Russian?&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;code&gt;--&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do people 'ride' in English?&lt;/strong&gt; Of course they do!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;The girl is riding her bike.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Де́вочка е́дет на велосипе́де.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Notice the preposition на which is required.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only difference between Russian and English here is a broader range of things Russians can ride which includes not just horses, bicycles and scooters but also bigger things like cars, buses and trains. I.e. to ride something in Russian, you don't have to have it between your legs. ;-) The reasoning is: &quot;If it carries you while you're on top of it / in it, then you are riding it.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do vehicles 'е́хать/е́здить' in Russian?&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;code&gt;--&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do vehicles 'ride' in English?&lt;/strong&gt; Sometimes they do! Apparently, in American English one can 'ride a bus' and sometimes the bus can 'ride' on its own:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.proz.com/kudoz/English/linguistics/1518802-the_bus_is_riding.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.proz.com/kudoz/English/linguistics/1518802-the_bus_is_riding.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This might be a bit of a stretch for English but in Russian you would often see wheely things that just 'ride along' (е́дут / е́здят).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Авто́бус е́дет в депо́.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;The bus is going to the depot.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If vehicles can both go and ride, how do you know when to use which?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Use 'go' (идти́, ходи́ть) when speaking of transport that runs on a schedule, is on duty or has a set route or destination. In English we would say 'runs' or 'operates' to convey this meaning. This works for buses, trams, trains, ferries and ships but not airplanes, jets or rockets which 'fly' instead (лета́ть / лете́ть). I wonder what verb they will use when space transportation becomes mainstream. It might take after 'ship' which 'goes' (Э́тот кора́бль идёт на Марс?) or 'rocket' which flies (Э́та раке́та лети́т на Луну́?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Use 'ride' (е́хать, е́здить) otherwise for all things with wheels and 'float' (плыть / пла́вать) for all water transport, including submarines. As already mentioned in other answers and comments, seamen frown upon плыть / пла́вать; they prefer ходи́ть instead: кора́бль хо́дит. That's their way of showing that they are always on duty.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OK, now that we know these rules, which of the two sentences below is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ме́жду э́тими города́ми &lt;strong&gt;хо́дит&lt;/strong&gt; электри́чка.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ме́жду э́тими города́ми &lt;strong&gt;е́здит&lt;/strong&gt; электри́чка.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Lit.&lt;/em&gt; Between these cities &lt;strong&gt;runs&lt;/strong&gt; an electric train.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(&lt;em&gt;Proper English:&lt;/em&gt; There is a train service running between these cities.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Хо́дит&lt;/strong&gt; is much more appropriate here because &lt;strong&gt;е́здит&lt;/strong&gt; would give an impression of the train just 'riding around' in different directions with no particular purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now on to your question. Which of these two is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Авто́бус &lt;strong&gt;идёт&lt;/strong&gt; 20 мину́т до це́нтра.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Авто́бус &lt;strong&gt;е́дет&lt;/strong&gt; 20 мину́т до це́нтра.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, &lt;strong&gt;идёт&lt;/strong&gt; is more preferable as buses normally run on a schedule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now these two:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Авто́бус &lt;strong&gt;подошёл&lt;/strong&gt; к остано́вке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Авто́бус &lt;strong&gt;подъе́хал&lt;/strong&gt; к остано́вке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say both are correct. Whether or not the bus pulling in to a stop is part of its set route is a judgement call, so either can be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вчера́ мы ходи́ли в Большо́й теа́тр... Мы вошли́ в авто́бус... Мы дое́хали на авто́бусе до це́нтра. В це́нтре мы вы́шли из авто́буса. Все вошли́ в теа́тр.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is this correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, that sounds like a grammatically and logistically correct description of a theatre visit. You &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; say &lt;code&gt;Вчера́ мы е́здили в Большо́й теа́тр&lt;/code&gt; if you really wanted to stress the fact that you needed a ride to get there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key takeaway&lt;/strong&gt;: идти́ / ходи́ть = go, not walk; it &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; mean walk e.g. учи́ться ходи́ть = learn to walk, so you were not taught entirely wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can one walk across the city using the bus?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, if it's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walking_bus&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;walking bus&lt;/a&gt;. :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-07-13T18:26:27.877" LastActivityDate="2017-07-13T18:26:27.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14805" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14781" CreationDate="2017-07-11T21:41:17.987" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference between these is usually very clear for native speakers but we get tired by the end of the word sometimes and drop the volume, especially when there is no another word after:) Also, Forvo used to cut recordings short sometimes, at least in the past. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9268" LastActivityDate="2017-07-11T21:41:17.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14776" CreationDate="2017-07-13T14:01:26.493" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;At present &lt;code&gt;Скатертью дорога&lt;/code&gt; has &lt;strong&gt;only negative connotation&lt;/strong&gt;. In positive context this phrase mostly sounds outdated and can rarely be used.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By saying &lt;code&gt;Скатертью дорога&lt;/code&gt; about a person the speaker demonstrats he's relieved that the person's gone and he was annoyed with the person's presence before and he means no harm, but have no desire to meet that person again. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8893" LastActivityDate="2017-07-13T14:01:26.493" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14809" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-13T17:06:12.930" Score="2" ViewCount="365" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какие знаки следует поставит в следующих предложениях:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;1. Когда Вам удобно (?) в понедельник или вторник? &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;2. Когда Вам удобно (?) в понедельник? &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;3. Скидка будет составлять 20% или 30% (?) зависит от выбранного товара&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user9230" LastActivityDate="2017-07-15T15:31:16.420" Title="Расстановка знаков препинания" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14810" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14819" CreationDate="2017-07-13T20:39:35.613" Score="5" ViewCount="275" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the logic behind these adverbs? I'm trying to get a more literal understating of why they are in the accusative feminine and why the preposition &quot;в&quot; or &quot;за&quot; is used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-14T08:56:20.507" LastActivityDate="2017-07-14T20:19:59.530" Title="Theory behind structures like--/впустую/ вплотную/ зачастую/ вправду" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14810" CreationDate="2017-07-14T07:04:43.980" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adverbs are unchangeable parts of speech. The word &lt;em&gt;вправду&lt;/em&gt; doesn't exist in russian. I guess you meant &lt;em&gt;взаправду&lt;/em&gt;. There is no any logic in using specific prefixes. Because the words &lt;em&gt;впустую, вплотную&lt;/em&gt; can not be used with the prefix &lt;em&gt;за&lt;/em&gt; like the word &lt;em&gt;зачастую&lt;/em&gt; can not be used with the prefix &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;. You just need to remember its meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9282" LastEditorUserId="9282" LastEditDate="2017-07-14T07:17:45.983" LastActivityDate="2017-07-14T07:17:45.983" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14809" CreationDate="2017-07-14T07:10:23.260" Score="0" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Когда вам удобно? В понедельник или вторник?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Когда вам удобно? В понедельник?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It looks like a dialog. So:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Скидка будет составлять 20% или 30%? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Зависит от выбранного товара. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd better change the first sentence. Скидка будет 20% или 30%? You don't need to use the word составлять in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9282" LastActivityDate="2017-07-14T07:10:23.260" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14813" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14809" CreationDate="2017-07-14T08:13:17.273" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мы имеем уточняющее обстоятельство времени (в двух первых примерах), которые отделяются запятой (по Розенталю).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда вам удобно, в понедельник или во вторник? Когда вам удобно, в понедельник?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вам удобно в понедельник или во вторник? В понедельник или во вторник вам удобно?(Варианты).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Второе предложение не очень понятно. Допустим, что это говорит один человек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Скидка составит 20-30%, в зависимости от выбранного товара.(уточнение)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно разделить на два предложения, подчеркнуть разговорный характер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-07-14T08:18:05.610" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14810" CreationDate="2017-07-14T09:31:19.270" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adverbs do not have Case in Russian. Actually they have no ending, &lt;em&gt;-у&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;-ую&lt;/em&gt; is a suffix. &lt;em&gt;в-&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;за-&lt;/em&gt; is a prefix not a preposition. It's just used to form adverbs and I don't see any literal meaning in it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9287" LastEditorUserId="9287" LastEditDate="2017-07-14T09:53:14.827" LastActivityDate="2017-07-14T09:53:14.827" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14810" CreationDate="2017-07-14T09:51:04.460" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The adverbs you listed follow actually two different patterns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;в + adjective (&lt;I&gt; впустую&lt;/I&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;в + noun (&lt;I&gt; вправду&lt;/I&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first one has perhaps developed in some way  from the second, but I can't say how.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the second pattern, I can shed some light on it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;в&lt;/b&gt; + &lt;b&gt;smth&lt;/b&gt; (&lt;I&gt;accusative&lt;/I&gt;) has the meaning &lt;b&gt;for the sake of smth&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;in order to do smth&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;in order to form (make up) smth up&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such constructions are rarely used in today's language. Most of them has transformed into adverbs, but some still keep its original state:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;во исполнение&lt;/b&gt; - in order to implement, in order to form an implementation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;в продолжение&lt;/b&gt; - in order to continue, in order to form a continuation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;во избежание&lt;/b&gt; - in order to avoid&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, &lt;b&gt;вправду&lt;/b&gt; means &lt;b&gt;in order to make truth&lt;/b&gt;. &lt;I&gt;Я и вправду опоздал на поезд&lt;/I&gt; - &lt;I&gt;I have really missed the train (the fact that I have missed the train makes the sentence true.)&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2017-07-14T09:51:04.460" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14817" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14818" CreationDate="2017-07-14T10:00:25.290" Score="6" ViewCount="773" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вот говорят:&#xA;Кошка &lt;em&gt;окотилась&lt;/em&gt; (родился котёнок).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Собака - &lt;em&gt;ощенилась&lt;/em&gt; (родился щенок).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лошадь &lt;em&gt;ожеребилась&lt;/em&gt; (родился жеребенок).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Корова &lt;em&gt;отелилась&lt;/em&gt; (родился телёнок).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как быть с китами, овцами и медведями?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9213" LastActivityDate="2017-07-14T17:36:30.513" Title="Тайна рождения китов, овец и медведей" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14817" CreationDate="2017-07-14T11:00:42.887" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Словообразование - штука нерегулярная. То, что есть &lt;em&gt;белеть, чернеть, синеть и зеленеть&lt;/em&gt;, не значит, что есть &lt;em&gt;фиолетоветь&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Просто: &lt;em&gt;родился китенок, ежонок&lt;/em&gt; и т.д. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Овцы, как правильно уже заметили, &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/918810&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ягнятся&lt;/a&gt; и почему-то еще и &lt;a href=&quot;http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/901174&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;котятся&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-07-14T17:36:30.513" LastActivityDate="2017-07-14T17:36:30.513" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14810" CreationDate="2017-07-14T20:06:51.980" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's highly likely that most of these were formed after this had already grammaticalised as a way to form adverbs, so they don't really have a literal reading. The original adverbs formed this way (maybe even a single one) probably did make sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe there was a feminine noun that got lost. Or maybe this isn't feminine singular accusative at all, but obsolete dual locative. Dual body parts are certainly likely candidates for omitted nouns, though what particular ones were originally referred to, and with what adjectives, is hard to tell.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &lt;strong&gt;вовсю&lt;/strong&gt; also belongs on this list, while &lt;strong&gt;вправду&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't really.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2017-07-14T20:19:59.530" LastActivityDate="2017-07-14T20:19:59.530" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14821" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14822" CreationDate="2017-07-16T05:15:30.130" Score="9" ViewCount="329" Body="&lt;p&gt;A while back, I noticed that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;сосе́д&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;сосе́ди&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in the nominative plural and that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;чёрт&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; becomes &quot;&lt;strong&gt;че́рти&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot;  With &quot;&lt;strong&gt;чёрт&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; my guess is that the &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; affects the following letters, but with &quot;&lt;strong&gt;сосе́ди&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; I have no idea why it isn't spelled &quot;&lt;strong&gt;сосе́ды&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; like other words that end in a &quot;&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (e.g., под -&gt; поды́, вид -&gt; ви́ды, ряд -&gt; ряды́, наро́д -&gt; наро́ды).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I realize there are many exceptions to the various Russian rules concerning spelling (as well as other types of declension and various aspects of grammatical structure).  The ones that are completely different but seem to follow a pattern (e.g., those that take а/я instead of ы/и, those that drop letters, ...) I've been taking in stride, but because these two words here seem to flip the one rule on its head, my curiosity has been piqued a bit more than other exceptions to the rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To recap/wrap up, is my speculation about &quot;&lt;strong&gt;чёрт&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; correct or way off mark?  Was the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;сосе́д&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; once spelled differently (&quot;&lt;strong&gt;сосе́дь&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; perhaps?). Or is is it something much more basic that I am just now noticing -- the &quot;&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in &quot;&lt;strong&gt;сосе́д&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is preceded by a &quot;е&quot; and it, like the &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in &quot;&lt;strong&gt;чёрт&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; affects the following letters in a similar way (turning them soft).  Then again, that would not explain the plural of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;отве́т&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (отве́ты), &quot;&lt;strong&gt;след&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (следы́) and others like them.  So, if anyone has any insight into these two words, thanks in advance for sharing your knowledge with us.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2017-07-16T16:51:56.103" LastActivityDate="2017-07-16T16:51:56.103" Title="Is there a reason why &quot;чёрт&quot; and &quot;сосе́д&quot; don't decline for nominative plural according to standard Russian spelling rules?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14821" CreationDate="2017-07-16T11:01:43.600" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сосед&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;чёрт&lt;/em&gt; are the only nouns in modern Russian that retained the old Russian nominative plural form, so in a sense they are the only &quot;correct&quot; nouns with the historical &lt;em&gt;-о&lt;/em&gt; stem. All others use the old accusative form in nominative. It used to be &lt;em&gt;сосѣди&lt;/em&gt; (pl. nom.) / &lt;em&gt;сосѣды&lt;/em&gt; (pl. acc.) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other words which retained the old plural nominative are &lt;em&gt;один/одни, сам/сами, он/они&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As recently as 150 years ago forms like &lt;em&gt;раб/раби, холоп/холопи&lt;/em&gt; and the adjective &lt;em&gt;рад/ради&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;glad&quot;) were still in use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2017-07-16T11:01:43.600" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8495" CreationDate="2017-07-17T11:20:44.217" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is neither г nor x. It is something between г and x, like г in Belarusian or in Ukrainian. Yes, this sound doesn't exist in Russian as a single letter, but it may appear in some words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9300" LastActivityDate="2017-07-17T11:20:44.217" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14824" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14825" CreationDate="2017-07-19T18:15:39.140" Score="2" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering which is the correct form. радио or ра́дио ? I mean I've seen people writing both of them. And I've also seen many letters with this accent above the a. Is it necessary? Which spelling is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9308" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-20T13:39:38.697" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T13:39:38.697" Title="&quot;Радио&quot; or &quot;ра́дио&quot;" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14824" CreationDate="2017-07-19T18:20:21.763" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both forms are correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;accent&quot; is a stress mark.  Stress marks are omitted in most books. They are printed in books for beginner readers, and in words where a change of stress would change the meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2017-07-19T18:20:21.763" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14826" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14849" CreationDate="2017-07-19T23:33:21.347" Score="1" ViewCount="347" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a little confused what the difference between &lt;code&gt;в/на + accusative&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;к + dative&lt;/code&gt;, when constructing a sentence to approach/move towards/motion towards something. Specifically, in the below two examples, number 1.) for preposition к and number 2.) for preposition в.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As @Arioch answers, is it just that they both mean a motion towards something but that в means that the something was entered? (I realize he/she basically answered my question, but to keep it viable for a question that others may use I kept it worded as a question).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a suggestion in comments,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For preposition к,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;к • (+ dative case)&#xA;&#xA;1.) to, toward &#xA;&#xA;к дому — to the house&#xA;&#xA;к бра́ту ― to (my) brother&#xA;&#xA;ко мне — to me&#xA;&#xA;2.) (time): by, for&#xA;&#xA;ко вторнику — by Tuesday, for Tuesday&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and for preposition в,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;в •&#xA;&#xA;1.) (location) in, at, on (+ prepositional case)&#xA;&#xA;Он в теа́тре ― He’s at (in) the theater.&#xA;&#xA;2.) (direction) to, into (+ accusative case)&#xA;&#xA;Он идёт в теа́тр ― He’s going to (into) the theater.&#xA;&#xA;3.) (time) at, in, on (+ accusative case)&#xA;&#xA;в три часа́ ― at three o’clock&#xA;&#xA;в пя́тницу ― on Friday&#xA;&#xA;4.) per&#xA;&#xA;три ра́за в день ― three times per day&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Courtesy of www.Wiktionary.org)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="6545" LastEditDate="2017-07-20T18:53:12.740" LastActivityDate="2017-07-24T08:48:16.410" Title="Motion towards something or someone (w/ or w/o entering) using different prepositions" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14827" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-20T07:12:41.453" Score="6" ViewCount="742" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте. Никогда не встречал такого выражения, по контексту вроде бы со значением &quot;сразу не увидел&quot; или &quot;прозевал&quot; (например, просматривая список).&#xA;Есть ли примеры использования этого выражения в художественной литературе?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5427" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-20T13:39:00.903" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T18:50:50.357" Title="Не по глазам - что это значит?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14827" CreationDate="2017-07-20T10:52:49.273" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это очень интересная находка. Похоже, изначально это была редкая форма-аналог выражения &amp;quot;не по зубам&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://az.lib.ru/m/mihajlow_m_l/text_0050.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Голубые глазки&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; (Михаил Михайлов, 1855)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Ты сама не возьмёшься?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нет, Анна Карловна, не могу: не по глазам -- мелко очень. А непременно надо к пятнице?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://az.lib.ru/p/pawlow_n_f/text_0070.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Куплеты из водевилей&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; (Николай Павлов, первая треть 19-го века)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Всё звезды я считал, бывало \ Но мне они не по глазам \ Учился&#xA;я, а толку мало, \ Не поклониться ли звездам?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://az.lib.ru/w/wjazemskij_p_a/text_1240.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Воспоминания о 1812-м годе&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; (Пётр Вяземский, первая половина 19-го века)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К чему такое презрение к читателям, как будто им не по глазам и не по росту картины более величавые&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сейчас же это ещё иногда с уклоном в &amp;quot;не по нраву&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;не нравится&amp;quot;. И действительно, похоже в выражение это употребляется в Сибири. Вот &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stihi.ru/2011/08/23/1353&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;цитата&lt;/a&gt; из стихотворения сибирской поэтессы:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что-то бывает, милый, не по глазам  средь чепуховин  вечных,&#xA;беловоронных…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-07-20T18:50:50.357" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14829" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14830" CreationDate="2017-07-21T00:28:46.670" Score="6" ViewCount="1157" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is Aliosha a name by itself or just a way the relatives and friends of a child or boy whose name is Alekséi  may refer to him?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While we are at it, where can I find a list of Russian names and the typical variations of the names that apply when the individual thus named is young? I heard once of a certain connection 'twixt the names Vladimir and Volodya...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me thank you in advance for your insightful replies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8719" LastEditorUserId="8719" LastEditDate="2017-07-23T05:26:27.843" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T01:04:16.797" Title="What's the relationship between the names &quot;Alekséi&quot; and &quot;Aliosha&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14829" CreationDate="2017-07-21T02:44:08.310" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Алёша is a diminutive form of Алексей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a list of names and their different forms (although it's too comprehensive for its own good, as a result most of the names there are WTF-level obscure):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/info/petr/imsm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/info/petr/imsm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T02:44:08.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14790" CreationDate="2017-07-21T21:32:43.947" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Buses do walk, but only when:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;describing it in abstract terms (&quot;this bus goes to Bolshoy Theatre?&quot; - &quot;Этот автобус идёт до Большого Театра&quot;) - i.e. the question is whether its scheduled path supposed to go there, rather than specific motion of the vehicle.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;talking about departure/arrival of a scheduled transport, e.g. public transport - &quot;автобус пришёл на 5 минут позже&quot; (the bus arrived 5 minutes late), &quot;я пришёл к остановке, а автобус уже ушёл&quot; (I came to the bus stop, but the bus has already left). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same goes for trains, trams, metro, and any other means of public transportation. &quot;Твой поезд уже ушёл&quot; - &quot;your train has already left&quot; - also used as generic description of being too late for something, to the point that there's no hope for fixing the situation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ships are a tricky case, as professional seamen like to insist a ship always ходит (&quot;walks&quot;), and never плывет/плавает (&quot;swims&quot;) but if you're not talking to one of them, it's ok to say корабль плывет/отплыл/приплыл. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if you describe somebody arriving/leaving in a private car or bus, you'd say он приехал/уехал - he has arrived/left. In English, it is the same as above, but in Russian in this context пришёл would mean arrived on foot. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If in the above context you say приехал instead of пришёл about, e.g., train or public bus, you will be understood, but it would sound a bit weird. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, ходить/идти is frequently used to describe scheduled, organized, paced movement (in addition to regular walking, i.e. using one's feet for locomotion) - e.g. clocks also &quot;walk&quot; (часы идут), mail &quot;walks&quot; (почта пришла, посылка пришла по почте) - that includes email btw, and also for weather - снег идёт, дождь прошёл. When once sees this verb, one should not think of only walking on foot, but also going, visiting, attending, etc.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="293" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T21:32:43.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14788" CreationDate="2017-07-21T21:56:30.677" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whenever к is used to mean something, от is always used to mean the opposite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some meanings, but not all of them. E.g. consider:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы должны закончить этот проект к октябрю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Литий относится к щелочным металлам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она носит платья от Кардена.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that you can say also:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она носит платья к Кардену.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But those two would not be the opposite (in fact, in some, somewhat tortured, understanding of the situation, it may actually mean the same thing - that Cardin took part in manufacturing the dresses).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, second and third examples also broadly mean the same - classification, even though the former is by chemical properties and the latter is by brand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="293" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-07-21T21:56:30.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14833" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-22T01:05:47.153" Score="5" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;Большая часть собственно в заголовке. Скульптор — очень общее слово, и скорей ассоциируется со статуями (которые большие, в полный рост, или если даже бюсты которые вроде небольшие, но все равно в натуральную величину). А есть ли слово для людей которые лепят (или ваяют) именно небольшие статуэтки (1:10 и меньше)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-22T02:38:23.117" LastActivityDate="2017-07-22T10:41:32.220" Title="Скульптор, делающий только статуэтки - как его назвать?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14833" CreationDate="2017-07-22T02:14:48.193" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Наиболее близкое к искомому идеалу слово - &lt;code&gt;резчик&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;У этого слова есть смежное значение - резчик по дереву, он не обязательно вырезает статуэтки, а, например, создаёт деревянные узоры. Тем не менее, человека, который занимается  только созданием статуэток назовут резчиком. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Пример&lt;/a&gt; использования:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В Японии со средних веков до периода Мэйдзи сложились школы резчиков&#xA;  прикладных фигурок-нэцкэ и комнатных статуэток окимоно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но &quot;резчик&quot; - это всё-так больше про дерево, про кость, может быть, про камень. Создателя стеклянных статуэток можно назвать стеклодувом, специализирующемся на &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;миниатюрной пластике&lt;/a&gt;, глиняных - мастером / кузнецом художественной керамики (керамистом), металлических - мастером художественной ковки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какого-то универсального слова мне не известно (что, разумеется, не значит, что его в принципе не существует - но это маловероятно ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В общем-то, тут дело ещё и в том, что люди, скажем, делающие керамические статуэтки редко делали только их - например, они делали ещё посуду. Есть очень &quot;канцеляритское&quot;, официозное понятие &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;художник декоративно-прикладного искусства&lt;/a&gt;, из которого получается чуть менее официозное - &lt;code&gt;художник-прикладник&lt;/code&gt; (или даже просто - &lt;code&gt;прикладник&lt;/code&gt;). Этот термин тоже уместен, если мы говорим о скульпторе, специализирующемся исключительно на малой форме. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кстати, комбинированный термин &lt;code&gt;скульптор-прикладник&lt;/code&gt; (как противопоставление &lt;code&gt;скульптору-монументалисту&lt;/code&gt;) тоже существует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-07-22T10:41:32.220" LastActivityDate="2017-07-22T10:41:32.220" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14835" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-22T19:07:06.180" Score="1" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть предложение:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты говорил, что прочитал первую книгу этого автора &lt;strong&gt;(?)&lt;/strong&gt; будешь читать следующие?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какой знак следует поставить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user9230" LastEditorDisplayName="user9230" LastEditDate="2017-07-22T21:17:08.350" LastActivityDate="2017-11-04T20:31:05.853" Title="Постановка знака препинания" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14836" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14837" CreationDate="2017-07-22T20:19:13.997" Score="3" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to figure out how numerals agree with adjectives and nouns... @_@&#xA;I've found this sentence:&#xA;Я нашла тридцать шесть старые газеты&#xA;I'm not sure it is correct... Shouldn't it be:&#xA;Я нашла тридцать шесть старых газет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;старые газеты is in accusative case... I know that газета is an inanimate noun, but shouldn't numerals from пять up be followed by nouns and adjectives in genitive plural case?&#xA;Or do I still have to observe the difference between animate/inanimate nouns? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry for my terrible explanation (probably dued to my poor english)... still, I hope someone can help me clearing this doubt!&#xA;Thanks in advance for your attention! :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9317" LastActivityDate="2017-07-22T20:41:04.270" Title="Agreement of numerals, adjectives and nouns" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14836" CreationDate="2017-07-22T20:29:48.650" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You understand everything correctly. The first sentence is incorrect.(Я нашла тридцать шесть #старые газеты#).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я нашла &lt;strong&gt;старые газеты&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here we observe the rule of the accusative for inanimate nouns. But when you say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я нашла тридцать шесть &lt;strong&gt;старых газет&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It should be genitive plural because of &quot;шесть&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Read more here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/13618/%d0%af-%d0%b2%d0%b8%d0%b6%d1%83-numeral-noun-governed-by-what-case&quot;&gt;Я вижу + numeral + noun - governed by what case?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-07-22T20:41:04.270" LastActivityDate="2017-07-22T20:41:04.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="374" CreationDate="2017-07-22T23:50:18.570" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should use &quot;прощай&quot; only if you want to stress that you will never (really never!) meet again. It could be deemed to be rudeness or threat. I recommend never use &quot;прощай&quot; if you unsure.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It could be used at the end of the romantic relationship. Or if you or another person should die shortly. Or your familiar is going to move to the far place and you don't expect to see it again.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;До свидания&quot;, &quot;всего хорошего&quot;, &quot;всего доброго&quot; is usually used at the end of the conversation (regardless will you meet again or not). You could use &quot;удачи&quot; as less formal form (but still appropriate in many cases). &quot;Пока&quot; is used in informal conversations (mostly with friends).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There are a lot of another forms: &quot;до встречи&quot; (if you are going to meet again), &quot;ещё увидимся&quot; (less formal form of the same), maybe &quot;созвонимся&quot; (if you are going to chat via phone), even &quot;спишемся&quot; (if you are going to communicate via email/IM), &quot;давай&quot; (like &quot;пока&quot;).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Often couple of phrases is combined, e.g. &quot;Ну пока, удачи&quot;, or &quot;Давай, ещё увидимся&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6938" LastActivityDate="2017-07-22T23:50:18.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14835" CreationDate="2017-07-23T04:16:17.137" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Надо поставить точку в конце косвенной речи и начать новое предложение с заглавной буквы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты говорил, что прочитал первую книгу этого автора. Будешь читать следующие?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тогда это будет нормальная речь. Я,возможно,вызову некоторое недовольство, но хочу обратить ваше внимание, что предложение содержит законченную мысль. Первая мысль о том, что человек прочитал первую книгу. Вторая – интерес о продолжении чтения. Нельзя весь текст тянуть в одно предложение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-07-23T04:16:17.137" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14843" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1603" CreationDate="2017-07-23T11:07:36.110" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is &quot;Я ничего понимaю&quot; understandable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Никогда&quot;, &quot;нигде&quot; and similar words don't make negation by themselves, they are used in conjustion with negation (&quot;не&quot;).&lt;br&gt;And they shouldn't be used without negation!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The only exception: short answers like:&lt;br&gt;&#xA; — Ты выйдешь за меня [замуж]?&lt;br&gt;&#xA; — Никогда! (Short version of &quot;Я никогда не выйду за тебя&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples of &quot;всё/ничего&quot; with/without &quot;не&quot;:&lt;br&gt;&#xA; 1. Я всё знаю - &quot;I know everything&quot;;&lt;br&gt;&#xA; 2. Я ничего не знаю - &quot;I know nothing&quot;;&lt;br&gt;&#xA; 3. Я всё не знаю - &quot;I know nothing&quot;, could be used only as answer to question like &quot;Что ты не знаешь?&quot;, it sounds emotionally;&lt;br&gt;&#xA; 4. Я не всё знаю - I do not know everything (e.g. I start studying but not finished it yet);&lt;br&gt;&#xA; 5. Я ничего знаю - incorrect;&lt;br&gt;&#xA; 6. Я не ничего знаю - incorrect;&lt;br&gt;&#xA; 7. Я не ничего не знаю - rarely used, means &quot;I know something&quot;;&lt;br&gt;&#xA; 8. Я не всё не знаю - sounds childish, meaning is the same as previous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does this construction ничего/никого... не + глагол apply for any&#xA;  verb? (I've heard &quot;Я ничего не вижу&quot; итд.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general yes (but &quot;Я ничего не иду&quot; is nonsense because we cannot go something).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Btw, we have one more use case for &quot;ничего не&quot; (vulgar tongue):&lt;br&gt;&#xA; — Что ты такой ленивый? (Why are you so lazy?)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; — Ничего я не ленивый! (I'm not lazy!)&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It could be used with verb as well:&lt;br&gt;&#xA; — Почему ты нагрубил тёте? (Why was you rude to aunt?)&lt;br&gt;&#xA; — Ничего я не грубил! (I wasn't rude!)&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do there exist examples where this apparent double negation actually&#xA;  means something affirmative?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Double negation means affirmation in Russian. But &quot;никогда не&quot; isn't a double negation as mentioned before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6938" LastEditorUserId="6938" LastEditDate="2017-07-23T16:38:24.433" LastActivityDate="2017-07-23T16:38:24.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14844" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14846" CreationDate="2017-07-23T15:55:21.960" Score="3" ViewCount="347" Body="&lt;p&gt;Jim Kovpak wrote an article &lt;em&gt;A Quick and Dirty Guide to Russian&lt;/em&gt; that frequently references 'Russian being an extremely hard language and even natives make mistakes speaking it', but never really builds up on that or gives any examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've also heard that many Russian youth and some adults say &lt;em&gt;&quot;Христос воскрес!&quot;&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;Христос воскресе!&lt;/em&gt; for Easter, but I don't feel like that counts because this is more so Church Slavonic influences of Russian and not mistakes in Russian proper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm mostly interested in words which are not used anymore the way the dictionaries and style guides prescribe them to be used, like how in American English the pronunciation of Stephen as &lt;em&gt;Steffen&lt;/em&gt; is now a commonality, even if proscribed; or saying 'vice-a-versa'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6991" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2017-07-25T15:49:04.020" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T17:19:38.800" Title="Are there outdated prescriptive norms in Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14844" CreationDate="2017-07-23T16:29:43.567" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some examples:&lt;br&gt;&#xA; 1. &quot;Ложить&quot; instead if &quot;класть&quot;;&lt;br&gt;&#xA; 2. Wrong accentuation, e.g. &quot;зво́нит/звони́т&quot;;&lt;br&gt;&#xA; 3. &quot;Одеть&quot; instead of &quot;надеть&quot;;&lt;br&gt;&#xA; 4. &quot;Хорошее кофе&quot; instead of &quot;хороший кофе&quot; (indeed both forms are legal now);&lt;br&gt;&#xA; 5. &quot;Ихний&quot;, &quot;ейный&quot; and similar nonexistent words;&lt;br&gt;&#xA; 6. &quot;Сколько время&quot; instead of &quot;сколько времени&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6938" LastActivityDate="2017-07-23T16:29:43.567" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14844" CreationDate="2017-07-23T17:06:17.273" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Христос воскрес&lt;/strong&gt; really is a borderline case since it's correct Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for actual &quot;mistakes&quot; — let's first establish what we consider a mistake. I'm going to disregard popular prescriptivist tics such as the crusade against &lt;em&gt;одеть пальто&lt;/em&gt; (insisting on &lt;strong&gt;надеть пальто&lt;/strong&gt;), and other examples that are considered jarring and &quot;uncultured&quot; on the questionable premise that everyday language is a thing that can and should be regulated. Let's limit ourselves with those cases where the speaker is clearly aiming for the formal/literary register while breaking some of its expected norms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of such mistakes have to do with misplaced stress, such as &lt;em&gt;дóговор&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;договóр&lt;/strong&gt;, and with oblique cases of large numerals: by far not all native speakers will get through &lt;strong&gt;тысячей семьюстами шестьюдесятью&lt;/strong&gt; without stumbling or using the wrong ending somewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Others are more specific:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;ни&lt;/strong&gt; in &quot;whatever/whoever/wherever&quot; constructions. Since they sound the same except in one case, with the past tense of &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt;, this mostly only results in spelling mistakes, but you do also get &lt;em&gt;что бы это нé было&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;что бы это ни было&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lack of agreement of verbal adverb phrases with the subject of the main clause. Often exemplified with &lt;strong&gt;Проезжая мимо станции, с меня слетела шляпа&lt;/strong&gt; (a shortened and slightly paraphrased quote from a story by Chekhov, where it's used deliberately for comedic effect.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A duplicate &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt; somewhere down the line in a long subordinate clause that already began with &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Обоих&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;обоим&lt;/em&gt; where &lt;strong&gt;обеих&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;обеим&lt;/strong&gt; is expected.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Similar to the previous item: using the forms &lt;strong&gt;двое&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;трое&lt;/strong&gt;, etc. with female-only groups. (Not currently a prominent part of our gendered language debates that I'm aware of, but one can certainly expect calls for retiring this distinction at some point. For now, it's bad grammar.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Genitive instead of dative with &lt;strong&gt;согласно&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;according to&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just the ones I could think of off the top of my head; I don't also want to veer into what's no longer issues of pure grammar rather than style, such as people mixing up &lt;strong&gt;неприкасаемый&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;неприкосновенный&lt;/strong&gt;, or arguing whether &lt;strong&gt;другая альтернатива&lt;/strong&gt; is or isn't a tautology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-07-23T17:06:17.273" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14826" CreationDate="2017-07-24T08:48:16.410" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;В&quot; = &quot;in&quot; (or &quot;into&quot;). It means you finally end withIN, INside some place or process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;К&quot; = &quot;to&quot; (but without &quot;into&quot;). It means you finally come close to some anchor, but you remain separated, not overlapping in space, just close enough to communicate, work together, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wanting a (rather rude) rule of thumb? Imagine a wife telling her husband &quot;come to me&quot; or &quot;come into me&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the differences between the two processes implied? Both &quot;geospatial&quot; difference (how close/far and how distinctly/vaguely end point is positioned), some vague interconnection/intimacy/weaving difference, ability/inability of several actors finishing the same process at the same time, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That i believe would hold the same with most cases of using those movement/process prepositions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2017-07-24T08:48:16.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14829" CreationDate="2017-07-25T01:04:16.797" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;by the way, while &lt;em&gt;nowadays&lt;/em&gt; Aliosha is a diminutive form of Aleksei, back in the day, centuries ago, it used to be name in itself, check out this wikipedia page &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyosha_Popovich&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyosha_Popovich&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;talking about lists of names, to be honest, it's impossible to put up one that will cover all the possibilities.. name in Russian changes depending on voice, intonation, other feelings that require inserting suffixes and prefixes, the length you've know the person, closeness to them, and many other factors.. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9332" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T01:04:16.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14844" CreationDate="2017-07-25T12:00:05.073" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'm mostly interested in &lt;strong&gt;words&lt;/strong&gt; which are not used in the real language&#xA;  the way the dictionaries and style guides prescribe them to be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh, there are a lot of them, especially in journalism and in emerging areas which have a lot of loan words, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;нелицеприятный&lt;/em&gt; is used as &lt;em&gt;unpleasant&lt;/em&gt; but means &lt;em&gt;objective&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;усугубить&lt;/em&gt; is used as &lt;em&gt;worsen&lt;/em&gt; but means &lt;em&gt;intensify&lt;/em&gt; with no negative meaning&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;линейка&lt;/em&gt; is used as &lt;em&gt;(model) line&lt;/em&gt; but means a &lt;em&gt;ruler&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;эскпертиза&lt;/em&gt; is used as &lt;em&gt;knowledge&lt;/em&gt; due to blending with its English counterpart&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;бизнесы&lt;/em&gt; is more often used in plural&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8411" LastEditorUserId="8411" LastEditDate="2017-07-25T17:19:38.800" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T17:19:38.800" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14853" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22519" CreationDate="2017-07-25T21:44:51.223" Score="6" ViewCount="320" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently wrote the following sentence as a practice exercise:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;We can sleep on the floor.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Мы можем спать на по́ле.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After writing it, I learned that &lt;strong&gt;&quot;по́ле&quot; should be &quot;полу́&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and that &quot;полу́&quot; is in the locative case.  I had already done some reading on the locative case previously, but clearly I need more practice before I consistently and accurately assess the need for it.  Be that as it may, it made me take a look at all the cases that the word &quot;пол&quot; can take.  In the process, I learned that not all nouns have a need for a locative case.  For example, &quot;по́ле&quot; (field) does not appear to have a locative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Is there a list of nouns that do take the locative case?  And is there any rhyme or reason to it?  I ask this because if there is any sort of pattern to it, why would something like a &quot;floor&quot; need locative case, but not a &quot;field?&quot;  If anyone happens to have either a list of nouns with a locative case or know of some sort of rule that helps one identify the types of nouns that would require it, what a helpful resource that would be.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing I noticed, however, is that &quot;пол&quot; has a prepositional case, something I am assuming all Russian nouns have.  (If there are any that do not, please enlighten me.)  The thing is, I cannot come up with an example of when it would be used and all the examples I've seen of the prepositional case for &quot;по́ле&quot; are clearly referring to a &quot;field&quot; and not a &quot;floor.&quot;  &lt;strong&gt;Is there ever a time when one uses по́ле to refer to the floor?&lt;/strong&gt;  And if so, could you provide some examples?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2017-07-25T21:51:27.010" LastActivityDate="2020-06-03T14:17:32.850" Title="Is there ever a time when one uses по́ле to refer to the floor?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14853" CreationDate="2017-07-25T21:58:52.177" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sure, with any preposition except &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;… богатым было и внутреннее убранство церкви: старики упоминали о паркетном поле и хрустальном паникадиле&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;При наливном поле она (&lt;em&gt;демпферная лента&lt;/em&gt;) устанавливается с целью компенсировать расширения бетона при нагреве, чтобы избежать его растрескивания.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-07-25T22:04:13.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14855" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14856" CreationDate="2017-07-26T00:45:02.110" Score="7" ViewCount="710" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently came upon the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мы хотим мира.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;We want peace.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first thing that went through my head was, &lt;em&gt;This must be one of those animate masculine nouns that declines for the accusative case.&lt;/em&gt;  Wanting to be sure, I decided to look it up on a declension table and discovered that my assumption was wrong.  The word &quot;мир&quot; does not decline for accusative case and the role &quot;мира&quot; plays in this sentence is that of a noun in the genitive case.  So, I started to plug and play various nouns after the phrase &quot;I want&quot; (not just the masculine inanimate), and have come to the conclusion that &quot;мир&quot; declines into the genitive because it is an uncountable noun and thereby conveys the notion of &quot;I want (some) peace.&quot;  This then also explains these constructs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мы хотим воздуха.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;We want (some) air.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мы хотим воды.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;We want (some) water.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мы хотим мяса.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;We want (some) meat.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;All of the nouns in the sentences above are in the genitive case.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After experimenting with various words, I've come to other observations about use of the genitive in lieu of the accusative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;This appears to happen most often, if not exclusively, with uncountable nouns.    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Just because a genitive declension was chosen doesn't necessarily mean that an accusative declension couldn't have been chosen instead.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you see the use of a genitive declension instead of the accusative, you can assume that some sort of notion of &quot;some&quot; or &quot;some of&quot; is being conveyed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Favoring the genitive over the accusative is not a given for all uncountable nouns.  (The word for &quot;mustard&quot; -- горчица -- is a good example.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using the genitive declension over the accusative may be more common with some words.  In addition to my observation that this happens a lot with uncountable nouns, within that subset there may be tendencies to do this with some uncountable nouns but not others which may verge on the point of being something akin to a &quot;fixed phrase.&quot;  (Can any native or near fluent Russian speakers provide any examples of this?)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The gender of an uncountable noun is irrelevant.  Uses of the genitive over the accusative can be seen across the genders.  In this post, I inadvertently managed to provide examples of all three genders -- мир (masculine), вода (feminine), and мясо (neuter).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I didn't mean to do this when I started drafting up this question, but between what I've already read/learned and intertwining that with some personal observations, I may have answered some of my own questions.  Even so, it's always best to get feedback from others when you're trying to make sense of something, so I've decided to leave this as is in the hopes that those more knowledgeable about the Russian language can support/refute/add to what I've observed and/or recommend some helpful resources on the topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastEditorUserId="5870" LastEditDate="2017-08-15T12:21:54.640" LastActivityDate="2017-08-15T12:21:54.640" Title="Why do some nouns take the genitive case instead of the accusative?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14855" CreationDate="2017-07-26T02:47:00.523" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;This appears to happen most often, if not exclusively, with uncountable nouns.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, bearing in mind that some uncountable nouns can be used as countable to denote fixed quantities of the uncountable version:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Два пи́ва, пожа́луйста! - Two beers please!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(In Russian you can ask for two, three or four beers, but not five or six, sadly.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One notable exception to the 'uncountable exclusivity' is the verb ждать 'to wait' where the genitive case expresses uncertainty about whether you are going to get what you are waiting for and the accusative case expresses expectation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ждать авто́буса. - Wait for a bus (any bus).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ждать авто́бус. - Wait for the bus (that you are expecting).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Жду отве́та! - Write back soon! (set phrase, literally: I am waiting for a response).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Жду отве́т че́рез час! - I am expecting an answer in an hour!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Just because a genitive declension was chosen doesn't necessarily mean that an accusative declension couldn't have been chosen instead.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, it could but that would change the meaning slightly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нале́й воды́. - Pour some water (uncountable).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нале́й во́ду. - Pour the water (e.g. all water from a bottle, i.e. countable: 1 water = 1 bottle).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;If you see the use of a genitive declension instead of the accusative, you can assume that some sort of notion of &quot;some&quot; or &quot;some of&quot; is being conveyed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Favoring the genitive over the accusative is not a given for all uncountable nouns. (The word for &quot;mustard&quot; -- горчи́ца -- is a good example.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The choice is quite regular for all uncountable nouns and depends on the sense that you want to convey. True, you would often hear &quot;Дай горчи́цу&quot; (Acc.) because the &lt;em&gt;mustard-pot&lt;/em&gt; (горчи́чница) is implied. You &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; say &quot;Дай горчи́цы&quot; but that would mean you're asking the person to give you &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; mustard. And how do you expect them to do it? It's probably not what you want. You just want the pot so you can have &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; of the mustard: попро́бовать горчи́цы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Using the genitive declension over the accusative may be more common with some words. In addition to my observation that this happens a lot with uncountable nouns, within that subset there may be tendencies to do this with some uncountable nouns but not others which may verge on the point of being something akin to a &quot;fixed phrase.&quot; (Can any native or near fluent Russian speakers provide any examples of this?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure. I'd like to see some examples myself!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ждать у мо́ря пого́ды? It's a set phrase but grammatically it is in line with what was said about ждать above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;The gender of an uncountable noun is irrelevant. Uses of the genitive over the accusative can be seen across the genders. In this post, I inadvertently managed to provide examples of all three genders -- мир (masculine), вода́ (feminine), and мя́со (neuter).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, even in the plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пое́сть грибо́в. - Eat (some) mushrooms.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Съесть все грибы́. - Eat (all of) the mushrooms.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-07-26T03:23:51.113" LastActivityDate="2017-07-26T03:23:51.113" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14857" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14855" CreationDate="2017-07-26T20:18:21.993" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The examples in the question are neither in Genitive case, nor in Accusative case.  They are in a lesser know &lt;em&gt;Partitive case.&lt;/em&gt;  Please see this excellent answer: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/405/4903&quot;&gt;What are the lesser known Russian cases?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most nouns in Partitive case have the same forms as in Genitive case, but sometimes there is a different form for Partitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чай / tea&lt;/strong&gt; —  Genitive:  &lt;em&gt;Нет чая;&lt;/em&gt; Accusative: &lt;em&gt;Я люблю чай;&lt;/em&gt; Partitive: &lt;em&gt;Налейте стакан чаю.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сахар / sugar&lt;/strong&gt; —  Genitive:  &lt;em&gt;Нет сахара;&lt;/em&gt; Accusative: &lt;em&gt;Я люблю сахар;&lt;/em&gt; Partitive: &lt;em&gt;Насыпьте ложку сахару.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Воздух / air&lt;/strong&gt; —  Genitive:  &lt;em&gt;Без воздуха;&lt;/em&gt; Accusative: &lt;em&gt;Мне нужен воздух;&lt;/em&gt; Partitive: &lt;em&gt;Хочу хоть глоток воздуха.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вода/ water&lt;/strong&gt; —  Genitive:  &lt;em&gt;Из воды;&lt;/em&gt; Accusative: &lt;em&gt;Включите воду;&lt;/em&gt; Partitive: &lt;em&gt;Плесните немного воды.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Горчица / mustard&lt;/strong&gt; —  Genitive:  &lt;em&gt;Нет горчицы;&lt;/em&gt; Accusative: &lt;em&gt;Купите горчицу;&lt;/em&gt; Partitive: &lt;em&gt;Возьмите ложку горчицы.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In such examples where in English one would say: &amp;quot;I want &lt;em&gt;some water/some tea/some sugar/some peace/etc.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;, in Russian one would use Partitive case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are the words which have a form in Partitive case that is different from Genitive: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Русские существительные с разделительным падежом&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-07-28T15:15:11.340" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14858" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14859" CreationDate="2017-07-27T04:15:33.440" Score="2" ViewCount="199" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;em&gt;Russian in an Easy Way&lt;/em&gt; I came across two sentences;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мне б&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;дет ст&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt;дно, I will feel ashamed. (?)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мне б&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;дет дос&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;дно, I will feel frustrated. (?)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and I wonder why буду wasn't used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know есть has some weird behavior, e.g. the negative genation нет = не есть, etc, but I don't feel this is related even if it has есть in it, but no нет in it...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="6545" LastEditDate="2017-07-27T19:51:40.457" LastActivityDate="2017-07-27T19:51:40.457" Title="Two &quot;dative&quot;/&quot;feelings&quot; sentences but use 3rd person singular future" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14858" CreationDate="2017-07-27T06:16:12.457" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian does not normally use adjectives to convey the meaning of &quot;ashamed&quot; or &quot;frustrated&quot;. These adjectives (&lt;em&gt;пристыженный&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;раздосадованный&lt;/em&gt;) do exist but they are only really used when there's no other way around it, say if you need to stick an adjective in a long row of other adjectives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead, Russian uses impersonal constructs which literally mean &quot;it will be shameful to me&quot; or &quot;it will be frustrating to me&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English has some of these too: &quot;it hurts&quot;, &quot;it seems&quot;, &quot;it occurs&quot;, but they are much more widespread in Russian: &lt;em&gt;мне холодно&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;I'm cold&quot;), &lt;em&gt;мне страшно&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;I'm afraid&quot;), &lt;em&gt;мне весело&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;I'm having fun&quot;) etc. are your first shots at conveying their respective meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of these constructs don't even have a personal equivalent: you can say &lt;em&gt;я замерз&lt;/em&gt; for &quot;I'm cold&quot; or &lt;em&gt;я боюсь&lt;/em&gt; for &quot;I'm afraid&quot; but there's no easy way around &lt;em&gt;мне жарко&lt;/em&gt; &quot;I'm hot&quot; or &lt;em&gt;мне больно&lt;/em&gt; &quot;I'm in pain&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2017-07-27T06:16:12.457" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14858" CreationDate="2017-07-27T06:17:29.707" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;безличные предложения&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such sentences are about something which just happens to a person or object without his/her/its participation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One could alternatively express it like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я буду стыдиться.&#xA;Я буду досадовать.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But such sentences are rare, and unusual. The most natural way in Russian to talk about such feelings is безличные предложения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2017-07-27T06:17:29.707" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14861" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-27T14:18:31.567" Score="11" ViewCount="353" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are way too many negations for me to grasp the meaning of this phrase: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;нигде так не любят русских туристов как нигде&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-08-15T12:30:56.283" LastActivityDate="2017-08-15T12:30:56.283" Title="What is the meaning of &quot;нигде так не любят русских туристов как нигде&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14861" CreationDate="2017-07-27T14:46:59.980" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Short:&lt;/strong&gt; the meaning is &quot;Nobody loves Russian tourists&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Long&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a humoristically paradoxical sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's replace the last word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нигде так не любят русских туристов, как в Париже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one is quite simple: &lt;em&gt;Nowhere are Russian tourists loved as much as in Paris&lt;/em&gt;. The first part implies that Russian tourists are loved everywhere, and the ending says that while they are loved everywhere, in Paris they are loved even more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, looking at the original sentence: &lt;em&gt;Nowhere are Russian tourists loved as much as nowhere.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a standard construction and is used quite often:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нигде я не чувствую себя так хорошо, как в горах - Nowhere do I feel as good as in the mountains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Никуда я не ездил так часто, как на море - Nowhere have I traveled as often as to the sea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Никто тебя не любит так, как я - No one loves you as much as I do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2017-07-27T23:06:36.557" LastActivityDate="2017-07-27T23:06:36.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4089" CreationDate="2017-07-27T18:03:48.320" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why hands?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea is: &quot;I'm so overwhelmed with stuff to do, that I'm just grabbing next closest things and &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; particular thing lays too far from my hands (its turn still not come)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2017-07-27T18:03:48.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14865" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14866" CreationDate="2017-07-29T16:56:10.960" Score="2" ViewCount="538" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какой знак следует поставит? &#xA;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Это называется (?) надежда.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Здесь всё ясно:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Это называется надеждОЙ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user9230" LastActivityDate="2017-07-31T08:47:41.057" Title="Тире после части предложения с &quot;это&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14865" CreationDate="2017-07-31T08:37:02.200" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Тире - это пропущенный глагол есть/суть (глагол быть в настоящем времени).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мама - один из родителей.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Мама есть один из родителей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Верёвка есть вервие простое.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Верёвка - вервие простое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мухоморы - грибы с красными шляпками с белыми точками.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Мухоморы суть грибы с красными шляпками с белыми точками.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Конечно, это - не единственная возможная функция тире в русском языке, но в контексте вопроса - именно так.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Там где пропущенного глагола есть/суть нет - не нужно и тире&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это называется &amp;quot;надежда&amp;quot;. - нормально&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Это называется - &amp;quot;надежда&amp;quot;. =&amp;gt; Это называется есть &amp;quot;надежда&amp;quot;. - ненормально&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это называется надеждОЙ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кстати, аналогично можно написaть в творительном падеже, что &amp;quot;мама является однИМ из родителей&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-07-31T08:47:41.057" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14867" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13773" CreationDate="2017-07-31T08:52:37.960" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Завидеть - to see from or at a great distance. It's a very rarely used word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он убежа́л, завидев полице́йского. - He ran away at the sight of the policeman.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.openrussian.org/ru/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.openrussian.org/ru/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9210" LastActivityDate="2017-07-31T08:52:37.960" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14868" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-07-31T18:35:09.593" Score="5" ViewCount="286" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;жить: Ленин жил, жив, будет жить.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мыть: Раму мыл, мою, буду мыть.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;быть: Я был, ____, буду быть?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2017-07-31T19:36:44.730" LastActivityDate="2017-07-31T19:36:44.730" Title="Будь: был бычу буду" Tags="&lt;conjunctions&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14868" CreationDate="2017-07-31T19:00:28.267" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &quot;быть&quot; in present tense becomes &quot;есть&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я был, я есть, буду&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt; has a limited usage in modern Russian but when used, it can refer to any person or number &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;быть - Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2017-07-31T19:00:28.267" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14872" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14873" CreationDate="2017-08-02T15:42:23.787" Score="3" ViewCount="1366" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть правило: &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тире ставится в неполном предложении, составляющем часть сложного&#xA;  предложения, когда пропущенный член (обычно сказуемое)&#xA;  восстанавливается из предыдущей части фразы и в месте пропуска&#xA;  делается пауза: Ермолай стрелял, как всегда, победоносно; я — довольно&#xA;  плохо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Вопрос: ставится ли тире, если время глагола отличается? &#xA;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Например: Я был на работе, а сейчас [?] в автошколе. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user9230" LastActivityDate="2017-08-03T14:32:25.943" Title="Тире при пропуске сказуемого" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14872" CreationDate="2017-08-03T14:32:25.943" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Тире может ставиться, а может не ставиться. Критерием является наличие или отсутствие паузы в речи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тире ставится при пропущенном члене предложения и наличии паузы (как уже замечено @user907860). Даже если пропущенный член отличается по времени, падежу и т.п. Главное, что пропущенный член &lt;strong&gt;восстанавливается.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Идти дальше через трясину было опасно, оставаться — тоже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У него в глазах — как бы поскорее отделаться от меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тире не ставится при отсутствии паузы.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алёша смотрел на них, а они на него. &lt;em&gt;(Достоевский)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Егорушка долго оглядывал его, а он Егорушку. &lt;em&gt;(Чехов)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://old-rozental.ru/punctuatio.php?sid=93&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Д.Э. Розенталь&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-08-03T14:32:25.943" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14776" CreationDate="2017-08-06T08:59:15.447" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are the positive examples taken from &quot;Фразеологический словарь русского языка&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Феклуша. Милая девушка, все-то ты за работой! Что делаешь, милая?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Глаша. Хозяина в дорогу собираю.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Феклуша. Аль едет куда свет наш?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Глаша. Едет.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Феклуша. Надолго, милая, едет?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Глаша. Нет, ненадолго.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Феклуша. Ну, скатертью ему дорога!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Островский, Гроза (1859)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Счастливо оставаться,  ваше  степенство!.. Путь вам чистый, дорога&#xA;  скатертью!..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://az.lib.ru/m/melxnikowpecherskij_p/text_0050.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Мельников-Печерский, В лесах (1874)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ведь твое дело молодое, не то что наше, стариковское: на все четыре&#xA;  стороны скатертью дорога.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://az.lib.ru/m/maminsibirjak_d/text_0010.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Мамин-Сибиряк, Приваловские миллионы (1883)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9372" LastActivityDate="2017-08-06T08:59:15.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14875" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14878" CreationDate="2017-08-07T05:33:45.323" Score="4" ViewCount="174" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I read it, this passage from O.E.Naumova's &quot;Irkutskaya Eparkiya&quot; (1996) says that the bishop of Irkutsk sent some monks on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Northern_Expedition&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vitus Bering's Second Kamchatka Expedition&lt;/a&gt;. The word Damascene or its derivatives come up twice, but it doesn't seem to be about steel nor cloth nor Middle Eastern people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Who or what here was of Damascus?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/I5xyA.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/I5xyA.png&quot; alt=&quot;book text&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="8359" LastEditDate="2017-08-07T16:25:52.200" LastActivityDate="2017-08-08T09:15:25.590" Title="Is there really anything Damascene about Vitus Bering and Bishop Innocent of Irkutsk?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14875" CreationDate="2017-08-07T07:05:26.630" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here, &lt;code&gt;Дамаскин&lt;/code&gt; is the surname of a member of Bering's expedition (a hieromonk), and has nothing to do with Damascus in this context (at least without looking at the surname's etymology). Keep in mind that in Russian, unlike English, proper adjectives referring to places are never capitalized (with the exception of being included in institution names, e.g. &lt;code&gt;Дамасский университет&lt;/code&gt;), so a regular reference to something Damascene would be &lt;code&gt;дамасский&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;дамасская (сталь)&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastActivityDate="2017-08-07T07:05:26.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14875" CreationDate="2017-08-07T07:06:54.347" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Дамаскин is the name(or a surname ) of the monk from Valaam monastery who was invited by V.Bering to his expedition among six monks. The surname originated from the ancient city Damask (the citizen of Damask ). The most famous bearer of this surname was Иоанн Дамаскин, who came from that city.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-08-07T07:06:54.347" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14875" CreationDate="2017-08-07T09:41:50.690" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дамаскин&lt;/em&gt; is a Russian last name, one of a large class of so called &quot;seminary surnames&quot; (&lt;em&gt;семинарские фамилии&lt;/em&gt;) that many Russians bear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those surnames were given upon graduation from the seminary to members of clergy coming from lower estates (peasantry, urban commoners etc.), who were originally entitled to no surname or whose original surnames were not deemed befitting a man of the cloth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most common seminary surnames originate from the Christian holidays (&lt;em&gt;Успенский, Преображенский, Троицкий, Введенский&lt;/em&gt; etc.) or the saints' names (&lt;em&gt;Богословский, Борисоглебский, Анненский&lt;/em&gt;), but there is a large strata of surnames originating from places and names mentioned in the Bible (&lt;em&gt;Голгофский, Елеонский, Иорданский&lt;/em&gt;), or just seminary nicknames translated to Latin or Greek (&lt;em&gt;Велосипедов&lt;/em&gt; &quot;one with fast feet&quot;, &lt;em&gt;Собриевский&lt;/em&gt; &quot;a sober one&quot;, &lt;em&gt;Аедоницкий&lt;/em&gt; &quot;nightingale&quot;) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дамаскин&lt;/em&gt; is just one of those names&lt;strike&gt;, which was given either to the member of Bering's expedition or one of his ancestors upon graduation from the seminary&lt;/strike&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Upon further reading I've discovered that name mentioned in the book is most probably not the last name &lt;em&gt;Дама&amp;#769;скин&lt;/em&gt; but rather the monastic name &lt;em&gt;Дамаски&amp;#769;н&lt;/em&gt; (Damascene).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All above about the seminary surnames still holds, it just does not apply to the person in question :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2017-08-08T09:15:25.590" LastActivityDate="2017-08-08T09:15:25.590" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14879" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14880" CreationDate="2017-08-07T18:47:26.650" Score="3" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't think of an example, the following doesn't make sense, I think(?), &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Куда ты пошёл, когда ты читаешь газеты?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but illustrates my question. Are there times when context dictates mixing verbal aspects in a sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS.  For example. If I wanted to say that I start reading the paper, but not finish my action, after going to the office, would it be;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я читал газеты, когда я пошёл в офис.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PPS. &#xA;A related question is.... Is mixing tense in English analogous to mixing aspect in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="6545" LastEditDate="2017-08-07T19:08:41.657" LastActivityDate="2017-08-07T19:52:52.723" Title="Can one mix aspect in a sentence?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14879" CreationDate="2017-08-07T19:52:52.723" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure what exactly are you asking, but yes, you can mix aspects in a single sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ещё когда я ходил (impf.) в школу, я записался (pf.) в шахматный кружок.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ты идёшь (impf.) в магазин, чтобы купить (pf.) вино&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ах, как хочется (impf.) вернуться (pf.), ах, как хочется (impf.) ворваться (pf.) в городок.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If I wanted to say that I start reading the paper, but not finish my action, after going to the office&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have been to the office and back and now you are reading your paper, it would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я сходил в офис, а теперь читаю газету.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2017-08-07T19:52:52.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4245" CreationDate="2017-08-08T06:37:38.693" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Конечно&lt;/strong&gt; is normally pronounced with [ш] for &lt;strong&gt;ч&lt;/strong&gt; to mean 'of course' and with [ч] to mean 'finite': множество конечно, 'the set is finite'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-08-08T06:37:38.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14882" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-09T05:25:08.417" Score="4" ViewCount="2781" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm writing a story with a Russian soldier, and I usually put her swearing into Russian so as to not be immediately offensive to English readers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the word that I'm needing is &lt;em&gt;&quot;fuckers&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. To put it in context, the line is: &lt;em&gt;&quot;How does it feel to burn—just like all the people on all the planets you [fuckers] glassed?&quot;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the right word that I would need for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9385" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-08-09T11:02:47.177" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T14:48:16.350" Title="How to say &quot;fuckers&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="16" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14883" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14882" CreationDate="2017-08-09T07:43:29.737" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think &quot;&lt;em&gt;суки&lt;/em&gt;&quot; would go good in this situation. It is plural of &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;сука&lt;/a&gt;&quot; which means &quot;&lt;em&gt;female dog&lt;/em&gt;&quot; but also has a meaning &quot;&lt;em&gt;bitch&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and can be applied not only to female persons. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T07:43:29.737" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14882" CreationDate="2017-08-09T08:40:22.283" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just take explicit-language-aware translations of Hollywood war movies and look at situations what would suit you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two lists of movies and download link.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://oper.ru/trans/?pp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://oper.ru/trans/?pp&lt;/a&gt; - &quot;proper translations&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://oper.ru/trans/?bi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://oper.ru/trans/?bi&lt;/a&gt; - &quot;parody translations&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://subtitry.ru/subtitles/?translator=Goblin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://subtitry.ru/subtitles/?translator=Goblin&lt;/a&gt; - subtitles downloading.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first link gives you list of movies you might want to look into.&#xA;The second - the list of movies you definitely need to stay away from, in the context of this work.&#xA;The third - should let you download subtitles to the movies you selected and read them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, still you would have to make her language consistent with her cultural background, with her past. Because expletives can be translated rather vague, and if you would pick different style, different semantic cloud expletives - it would sound chaotic and weird for her personality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When Barry Longyear was writing a novel about blinded woman, he not only lived few weeks with eyes covered, he also allegedly wrote a full bio of that woman, that was scrapped later, but that provided all the details and nuances he needed in the published novel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2017-08-09T08:46:52.050" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T08:46:52.050" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14882" CreationDate="2017-08-09T10:52:02.560" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;It's &lt;code&gt;уёбок&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;ушлёпок&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd go with &lt;code&gt;уёбки&lt;/code&gt; (singular &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%83%D1%91%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;уёбок&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) or &lt;code&gt;уебаны&lt;/code&gt; (singular &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;уебан&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) - this is exactly something like fuckers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's comparably more neutral than &lt;code&gt;ебанат&lt;/code&gt;, there's also word &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%91%D0%B1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;долбоёб&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; but it's more like &lt;code&gt;stupid fucker&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;мудила&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; but it's more like stupid asshole or douchebag. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &quot;уёбок&quot;, definitely &quot;уёбок&quot; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or if want to use something similar but less abusive (because the root &lt;code&gt;ебать&lt;/code&gt; from which &lt;code&gt;уёбок&lt;/code&gt; is derived is highly offensive and not acceptable in the majority of cases, &lt;strong&gt;it's not like &lt;code&gt;fuck&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in that sense) - use &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;ушлёпок&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - this is exactly the same but you can use it, say, on TV without the risk of being ostracized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2017-08-09T13:25:43.977" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T13:25:43.977" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14886" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14887" CreationDate="2017-08-09T12:21:36.670" Score="2" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как можно укоротить сообщение: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Авторизация заблокирована&lt;/strong&gt; Пожалуйста, подождите 60 секунд&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;так, чтобы сохранился смысл и &quot;уважение&quot; к читающему ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Во всех вариантах, которые я мог придумать, исчезает важная информация, которая присутствует в каждом слове исходного.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, слово &lt;strong&gt;Авторизация&lt;/strong&gt; можно заменить на &lt;strong&gt;Вход&lt;/strong&gt;, но вход куда ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например &lt;strong&gt;блокировать&lt;/strong&gt; можно заменить на &lt;strong&gt;запрещён&lt;/strong&gt;, но не значит ли это, что навсегда ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6911" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-08-09T14:04:27.873" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T15:56:52.963" Title="&quot;Авторизация заблокирована&quot; - можно ли сказать то же самое короче?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14887" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14886" CreationDate="2017-08-09T15:56:52.963" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Доступ закрыт&quot; по смысловой нагрузке тоже подойдет и короче чем &quot;Авторизация заблокирована&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9387" LastActivityDate="2017-08-09T15:56:52.963" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14882" CreationDate="2017-08-09T19:47:59.020" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The people above try to get a rough translation, while in this situation I would look for an equivalent, not exact translation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would go with one of the following&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;somewhat mild variations&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сволочи&lt;/strong&gt; (literally: any person causing a lot of trouble for no good reason)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Гады&lt;/strong&gt; (similar meaning in modern language, but was used to mean &quot;snakes and their biological relatives&quot;) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ублюдки&lt;/strong&gt; (literally: bastards, but derogatory as well)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Идиоты&lt;/strong&gt; (just idiots, fitting if the effect was unexpected)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нелюди&lt;/strong&gt; (literally: non-people, used for people with completely screwed or absent moral compass)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;obscene variants&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мудаки&lt;/strong&gt; (derived from муды - balls. Male balls. May be used both for stupid and bitchy person)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Долбоёбы&lt;/strong&gt; (derived from ебать : to fuck. Mostly used for fantastic idiots)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Уебаны/Уёбки&lt;/strong&gt; (similar to above, but is well suited for people with very screwed morality as well)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please, note: obscenities in russian are considered to be obscenities: they are 'beep'ed on tv and are not allowed in civil settings. Refined people never use them, and even unrefined people do not use them in formal settings. Very few people would use obscenities in formal settings, and this is not considered acceptable. A truly refined person should be able to make opponent cry from understanding of own low place in life without obscenities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="9213" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T17:08:08.083" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T17:08:08.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14882" CreationDate="2017-08-10T02:43:11.890" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Твари&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;em&gt;мрази&lt;/em&gt;&quot; are the best words I can think of. Neither of them are truly obscene, though. The genitalia-derived obscenities offered in other answers have something comical about them, not something you would seriously call a strong and dangerous enemy who has glassed so many planets (unless you want to portray the situation with a degree of humor). When you call a person something like &quot;&lt;em&gt;уёбок&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;em&gt;долбоёб&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, the nuance is that he is a somewhat inept person, doing his bad things at least partially out of stupidity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can't refrain from offering my very valuable opinion on the matter in general. I am a native speaker of Russian with semi-decent English. I also speak enough Japanese to get by. I like cursing (yes, in all three languages) and often do, but can't remember ever using a curse from a language foreign to the one I am speaking at the moment. That would just feel sooo awkward. The grammar is different, the phrase composition is usually different enough so that there's simply no good place to insert a foreign curse into. The way you [are trying to] pronounce &quot;corresponding&quot; sounds in different languages is also different, should I pronounce it like I would in English, e. g. &quot;moo duck&quot;, or the plain Russian &quot;мудак&quot; will do? Switching takes enough time and mental effort to kick you out of the flow. The closest thing to your example I can imaging myself saying is something like: &quot;What are you doing, you... you... &lt;em&gt;[struggling to remember the word &quot;faggot&quot; for a second and failing]&lt;/em&gt;... &lt;em&gt;пидор&lt;/em&gt;!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And no, &quot;Clockwork Orange&quot; is not a good counter-example, what's described there is a sub-cultural phenomenon of taking a very limited subset of foreign words and adapting them to English grammar and phonetics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastEditorUserId="9213" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T14:17:03.613" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T14:17:03.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14891" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14892" CreationDate="2017-08-14T09:31:20.530" Score="2" ViewCount="2082" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was pretty sure I understood this rule pretty well, but I had a confusing incident that made me question my understanding. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was auditing a session of a nighttime Russian language class for adults (I think the students were between 24 and 40 years old). I also am an adult in that age range. I assumed since I had never met any of the other students before, I should address them with вы. However when I did so the professor (native Russian) was instantly adamant that I use ты instead, and no one seemed surprised by this. Can someone explain why ты would be appropriate in this instance and вы inappropriate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9207" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-08-14T09:48:07.037" LastActivityDate="2017-08-15T01:47:52.863" Title="&quot;Ты&quot; versus &quot;вы&quot; confusion" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14892" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14891" CreationDate="2017-08-14T09:47:43.087" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вы&quot; is indeed the polite form of you - in the majority of cases if one don't know somebody, &lt;code&gt;вы&lt;/code&gt; will be always preferable. That does not, however, mean that &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt;-form is unacceptable in some cases - and communicating with fellow students in a language-learning classes belongs perfectly well to such cases. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most probably your teacher just wanted you all feel more relaxed, to have a friendlier atmosphere. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, keep in mind that some Russian speakers, who still speak Russian perfectly well but live in English-speaking countries tend to use &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;вы&lt;/code&gt; in all cases. This is also something worth to take into consideration. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T09:47:43.087" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14891" CreationDate="2017-08-14T11:20:39.637" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;thou ( ты ) implies close relations, not intimate, but quite friendly, transcending from official co-working into personal realm and safe zones. Camaraderie. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;you ( вы ) implies somewhat cold official relations. You work together in some area, but other than that you keep &quot;proper&quot; society-normal communications level of civilized strangers.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare it to full/diminished forms of personal names, like Николай/Коля, Мария/Маша. Depending on persons relations different names would fit better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, some societies may like to stress their &quot;brotherhood&quot;, &quot;we are one gang&quot;.&#xA;While other societies may stress how they are not pushing their peers into &quot;safety zone&quot; of each other, how they are focused in the token activity and do not &quot;push their nose&quot; in you personal activities outside of the scope.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no one true answer, this point happens to ignite holy wars among native speakers too. Somewhere sharing &quot;safe zones&quot; would be frowned upon, somewhere it would be explicit distancing form others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Personally I had that weird experience with my father's peer, who complained to my father I was informally addressing him via thou and simple name, breaking the proper boundaries. So I started calling him properly, via you/n+p. Few days later he complained again, about my weirdiness. Guess like when his &quot;appreciate my position and age&quot; ego was satisfied, the alienation in proper addressing forms started bugging him in turn. Or maybe he was just moody person. Anyway, in that interaction I switched to staying on &quot;society approved&quot; polite safe ground ever since.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more situation, especially around women, is that there is a trait referring elder persons by explicitly polite means, like using &quot;вы&quot; or even using name+patronymics instead of name alone. Some persons feel like polite ways of addressing is intentionally or not stressing their aging.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T11:20:39.637" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14891" CreationDate="2017-08-14T12:40:44.453" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;These is nothing unusual about asking someone if they want to switch to ты soon after an initial exchange of courtesy language using вы. It's like when someone calls you Mr. or Dr. and you say &quot;Oh, just call me Paul&quot; (or whatever you first name is). It's normally the older person who suggests this. The usual way of saying it is: Может быть, (перейдем) на ты? - Конечно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-08-14T12:40:44.453" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14896" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-15T00:57:58.330" Score="6" ViewCount="270" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do people say &lt;code&gt;я никто&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;я не никто&lt;/code&gt;. It really confuses because I learned that everything needs double negation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8918" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-08-15T06:27:38.410" LastActivityDate="2017-08-15T20:23:10.977" Title="Why do people say &quot;я никто&quot;, not &quot;я не никто&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14897" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14891" CreationDate="2017-08-15T01:40:49.947" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In classes of constant composition it is usual to use ты as a rule. But this is because the students are usually young. When the class includes post-30 y.o. adults, using ты may be unacceptable and offensive. So, your case is somewhat borderline and depends on the age of your classmates. Addressing a 24 y.o. classmate as ты is totally acceptable and natural, but addressing someone of 40 would be somewhat weird and may be considered offensive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also depends on how the person &lt;strong&gt;wants&lt;/strong&gt; to look like, their clothing style, etc: whether they want look younger or more solid, aged. It may be advised in some cases to address the students in the same class differently, depending on their age and/or their attitude towards their age (which you can detect from their clothing style).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Inappropriately using ты brings familiarity and may indicate that you think the person is younger than they want to look like and on par with yourself, so addressing a professor this way is inappropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Inappropriately using вы brings distance and may indicate that you think the person is older than they want to look like. This may be offensive to young women, for instance and sounds unfriendly if they want to befriend you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2017-08-15T01:47:52.863" LastActivityDate="2017-08-15T01:47:52.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4245" CreationDate="2017-08-15T02:22:42.497" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another example I can come with is the word &lt;strong&gt;бог&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;god&quot;. In the sense of Christian God it can be pronounced with either plosive or fricative g, but in the sense of a polytheistic religion, like Ancient Greek one, it is always pronounced with plosive g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2017-08-15T02:22:42.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14896" CreationDate="2017-08-15T03:02:20.343" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because there's no verb. Whenever you have got a verb, you make it negative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я ничего не сделал. Он никому ничего не сказал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But with the verb &quot;to be&quot;it's different. You say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You are nobody and your name is &quot;nothing&quot;. Ты никто, и твое имя — «ничто».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you put a negation (ты не &quot;никто&quot;), the meaning changes and becomes positive (you aren't &quot;nobody&quot;, you are &quot;somebody&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-08-15T20:23:10.977" LastActivityDate="2017-08-15T20:23:10.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14896" CreationDate="2017-08-15T11:12:20.267" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd clarify a bit V.V.'s answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) There IS a verb, it is omitted and implied, indeed, but structurally speaking it is there, even if invisible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The proper way to write down your examples would be &quot;я - никто&quot; &amp;amp; &quot;я - не никто&quot;. Note long dash (тире) added - it denotes a spelling pause, that takes place of the omitted is/are verb (3rd person present tense &quot;to be&quot;, есть/суть).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/14866/9058&quot;&gt;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/14866/9058&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/14873/9058&quot;&gt;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/14873/9058&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) The double negation propagates from a negated verb to the noun it controls, but not backwards! The omitted implied verb here is non-negated. Just replace the dash with the verb itself. It would sound archaic and weird, but is possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я - никто =&gt; я / есть / никто&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я - не никто =&gt; я / есть / не никто &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Negation falls to the noun, not to the verb. The verb itself stays positive. So no negated verb to trigger the double negation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2017-08-15T11:12:20.267" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14902" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-15T16:24:26.277" Score="4" ViewCount="1461" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just started learning Russian. I know it's just going to take me forever if I have to learn every single individual conjugation for every single verb (except for irregulars). I haven't been able to find a guide detailing rules on conjugating them online.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I mean by 'conjugating' them is being able to obtain the forms of the word. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in Georgian, if I know how to say the first person singular form of a verb of type 1 to 3, I can predict all the other forms (in the present screeve) because there's a rule for it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering in Russian if there's a way to be able to go from the infinitive to the forms that would be used after personal pronouns, я, ты, et cetera.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I saw &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/8216/verb-conjugation-with-pronoun-%D1%8F&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; but it only contains instructions on how to conjugate to the &quot;я&quot; form. I want to know how to conjugate to all forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a way to do this in Russian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9404" LastEditorUserId="9404" LastEditDate="2017-08-15T19:10:22.440" LastActivityDate="2017-08-17T15:39:29.393" Title="Is there a rule for conjugating Russian verbs?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-08-15T19:20:57.770" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14902" CreationDate="2017-08-15T17:13:47.067" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In his &quot;Grammatical Dictionary of Russian&quot;, Andrey Zaliznyak proposed a model that breaks up Russian verbs into 16 conjugation classes. I would rank this model highest in regard to completeness/complexity. Deviations from those 16 classes are rare and are listed explicitly in the dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus for most verbs you would only need to memorise their class to be able to derive all forms from the infinitive. That's if you're really into memorising rules. Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Russian_verbs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiktionary article&lt;/a&gt; on the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you want to get fluent, you will need lots of practise. That's how we learn our first language: by example. And don't be afraid of making mistakes, as long as there is someone to correct them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you need a conjugation table for a particular verb, look it up in Wiktionary,  e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;жить&lt;/a&gt;. Pay attention to the stress marks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-08-17T09:45:23.043" LastActivityDate="2017-08-17T09:45:23.043" CommentCount="4" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-08-15T19:20:57.770" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14902" CreationDate="2017-08-16T14:47:07.977" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You cannot reliably predict the present tense endings from the infinitive, although there are tendencies: if the infinitive is in -ать, then the conjugation is likely (but not always!) -аю, -аешь, -ает, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, apart from very irregular verbs (есть, дать and their derivatives), learning the first and second person singular forms is enough to know the rest. So for every verb, I suggest you learn these two forms alongside the nominative, and with some experience you will begin to see patterns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7690" LastActivityDate="2017-08-16T14:47:07.977" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-08-16T14:47:07.977" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4245" CreationDate="2017-08-16T14:52:16.670" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you accept proper nouns, then there is &lt;strong&gt;того&lt;/strong&gt; (genitive of тот, with г pronounced [v]) and &lt;strong&gt;Того&lt;/strong&gt; (Togo, the country).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7690" LastActivityDate="2017-08-16T14:52:16.670" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14902" CreationDate="2017-08-16T17:19:51.127" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, even though verbs like д&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;лать, составл&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;ть, говор&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ть have conjugation rules, as you have seen, there are many irregular verbs. I &#xA;strongly recommend you to identify and learn by heart all what you cannot infer from a rule (not only with verbs, but also with declensions), which at first is going to be a lot, but gradually it is going to become easier. It is somewhat annoying, but that is the only way to avoid keeping mistakes just because you thought you could guess a specific conjugation out of a rule. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to extract the most with the least, I recommend you to always learn a verb with the conjugations for present tense: I, you and they; e.g. for д&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;лать: д&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;лаю, д&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;лаешь, д&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;лают. Why three and not two, as some dictionaries show? Consider хот&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;ть: хоч&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;, х&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;чешь, хот&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;т (no apparent way to guess the third person plural!). You should also check the past tense. Normally you may guess it without difficulties usign the rule, but in certain cases, either the form of the conjugation (e.g. идт&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; -&gt; ш&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;л, шл&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;, шл&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;, шл&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;) or stress (e.g. бр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ть -&gt; бр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;л, брал&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;, бр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ло, бр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ли) may change.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are rules for active present, passive present, active past participles, but you may also have to check these forms in order to identify irregularities. Compare active past participle сд&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;лать -&gt; сд&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;лавший, идт&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; -&gt; ш&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;дший.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As regards passive past participle, I consider it to be the most difficult one, as there is no rule for it (compare сд&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;лать -&gt; сд&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;ланный, спрос&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ть -&gt; спр&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;шенный). At most, you may see that sometimes it is a kind of combination of 2nd person perfective future tense, and 1st person imperfective tense. For example consider: предупред&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ть (perfective) -&gt; предупред&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;шь (2nd person), предупрежд&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ть (imperfective) -&gt; предупрежд&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ю. The participle is предупрежд&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;нный. Note that it kind of takes the 2nd person conjugation of the perfective form and it takes the &quot;жд&quot; element from the 1st person of the imperfective form. Normally (99 percent of the cases), when you see this phenomenon, you may notice that the stress is the same as the 2nd person of the perfective verb, as you see in предупред&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;шь, предупрежд&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;нный (notice that in this case stressed &quot;е&quot; may turn to &quot;ё&quot;). Another pattern is пост&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;вить (perfective), пост&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;вишь (2nd person), ст&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;вить (imperfective), ст&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;влю (1st person). The participle is пост&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;вленный (notice the stress being similar to ст&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;вишь and the &quot;вл&quot; taken from the imperfective 1st person).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These two patterns are often to be seen in verbs whose perfective form end in ить, the ones of the 2nd conjugation. For the verbs of the 1st conjugation you  will find a rule.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recommend you to learn this participle by heart (if it exists) every time you learn a verb, as though it were another new word for you. You will see that eventually you are going to be able to guess it accurately, but that is going to take a while.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adverbs can be obtained with rules, but you should also check.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some verbs that may be helpful are: д&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;лать, составл&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;ть, ст&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;вить, говор&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ть, сказ&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ть, пок&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;зывать, идт&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;, ход&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ть, &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;здить, приезж&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ть, &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;хать, лет&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;ть, лет&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ть, нест&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;, нос&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ть, вест&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;, вод&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ть, везт&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;, воз&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ть, предупрежд&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ть, предупред&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ть, спрос&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ть, прост&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ть, кл&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;сть, полож&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ть, пл&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;вать, пл&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt;ть, б&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;гать, беж&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ть, забир&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ть, забр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ть, импорт&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ровать, верн&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ть. These ones may give you a lot of patterns, and many other verbs derive from many of these verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, I would recommend you wiktionary for looking for the conjugation tables, which are in most cases (practically always) correct. I would also recommend you (only seen in Android, no idea about iOS) Oxford Russian - English dictionary, where you may easily find &#xA;the conjugations of 1st, 2nd person, which are nice for a quick review; despite the cost, it is very useful. There is also in Android an application that contains the conjugations of many useful verbs. The drawbacks are that it is not free (yet there is a free version with less verbs) and that it has the translations in Spanish, but it is no problem, as the application has a Cyrillic keyboard to look for the verbs. The name of the application is &quot;Verbos Rusos Pro&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope it helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9406" LastEditorUserId="9406" LastEditDate="2017-08-17T15:39:29.393" LastActivityDate="2017-08-17T15:39:29.393" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-08-16T17:19:51.127" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14911" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14912" CreationDate="2017-08-18T06:56:48.817" Score="8" ViewCount="2809" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently stumbled upon the following over in the English Language &amp;amp; Usage StackExchange:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/23368/what-is-a-good-synonym-for-badass-that-would-be-usable-in-a-high-school-settin&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What is a good synonym for “badass” that would be usable in a high school setting?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Truth be told, I stumbled upon it because after looking high and low for an equivalent to this word in Russian, my searches took me to a lot of different places.  Initially, I went to Reverso and found the following &lt;a href=&quot;http://context.reverso.net/translation/english-russian/a+bad+ass&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;here&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://context.reverso.net/translation/english-russian/badass&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;here&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;засранец&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;крутой&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;задира&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;мордоплюй&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;плохой парень&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;черт возьми&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;отпадная&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;еще тот говнюк&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked for each of these in Google's image search, but few, if any, gave me a warm and fuzzy that they were equivalents to the English.  I was expecting to see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gLKXTiXT_8E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;men like you find in the movie &lt;em&gt;300&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, Daniel Craig in a Bond movie (whether in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BN099Xu-QRU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;sweats&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://i0.wp.com/78.media.tumblr.com/e298eac81b5e24ee22c65b7db7a90d3a/tumblr_ooereaTHWf1s0gcaio3_250.gif?w=605&amp;amp;ssl=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;without&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;), or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vj5fQruNbTs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jean Claude van Damme in anything&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.  But that isn't exactly what showed up.  (See for yourself, if you'd like.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I should also add that I wasn't necessarily looking for the &quot;high school&quot; equivalent of the word, but using the English post as an example or guide, if you could comment on the relative potential level to offend with any of the words above or any you add, that would be a plus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I am looking for equivalents of any kind -- those reserved exclusively for males, those for females,* and those that can be applied to both genders.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyone have any suggestions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*If you need a visual here, I'm referring to women like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LK_CQfcLlL4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jennifer Lawrence as Catniss Everdeen in &lt;em&gt;The Hunger Games&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Angelina Jolie as Lara Croft in the Tombraider series or as &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTGRsKLqkGM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Evelyn in &lt;em&gt;Salt&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIUube1pSC0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Charlize Theron as Lorraine Broughton in &lt;em&gt;Atomic Blonde&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Additional Note:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For those of you who may still be thinking of answering this, I later stumbled upon this English site here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.powerthesaurus.org/badass&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Power Thesaurus entry for &quot;badass&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I might have still had great difficulty tracking down some of the 121 synonyms that were listed, and seriously doubt I would have also been able to get the nuance in meaning that shabunc has already provided, but if you did want to contribute and add something that hasn't already been posted, it might give you some ideas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2019-09-06T07:36:52.140" LastActivityDate="2019-09-16T05:28:28.397" Title="What are some good Russian equivalents for the word &quot;badass?&quot;" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14911" CreationDate="2017-08-18T08:33:24.207" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In some cases the best match would be &lt;code&gt;сорвиголова&lt;/code&gt;. It's quite often translated to English as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;madcap&lt;/a&gt; but don't be put off by this, this translation is not precise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сорвиголова&lt;/code&gt; is exactly a badass - somebody who just boldly ignores dangers and perils, easily risks his own life, not an villain but hardly can be called a person of high morale. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, Jack Sparrow is definitely &lt;code&gt;сорвиголова&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's another word, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;оторва&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; which in some context means exactly badass:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А в камере было человек десять фронтовиков ― наших и власовцев, все&#xA;  ребята отчаюги, оторвы, где только ни воевали, ― так они чуть не&#xA;  загрызли этого профессора, рассвирепели&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays, however this meaning is de-facto quite obsolete - &lt;code&gt;оторва&lt;/code&gt; in it's main modern meaning is more about a woman being a badass, so it's less general. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of words and phrase you've found:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;отпадная&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;чёрт возьми&lt;/code&gt; are just wrong (the last one is actually just an exclamation, sort of &quot;god damn it&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;засранец&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;говнюк&lt;/code&gt; are just morons, not badasses (&quot;тот ещё говнюк&quot; is &quot;such a moron&quot;, you can not use is in a sentence just like this - &quot;пять тех ещё говнюков пытались отнять у неё кошелёк)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;мордоплюй&lt;/code&gt; is about somebody being insolent, impudent, rude (it's an obsolete synonym of &lt;code&gt;нахал&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;крутой&lt;/code&gt; is more of a tough person.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;задира&lt;/code&gt; is close to &quot;bully&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;плохой парень&lt;/code&gt; is well, just a bad guy. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;плохиш&lt;/code&gt; (mentioned in a comment) - well, it has very ironical connotation and it's more about somebody who've ate all your chocolate without permission - but it's definitely not a badass. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-08-18T09:42:31.420" LastActivityDate="2017-08-18T09:42:31.420" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14913" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14914" CreationDate="2017-08-19T14:41:21.720" Score="3" ViewCount="413" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been chatting with someone for a while now and she used the phrase “ты мой золотой” we have met before but currently we are in different country. My question is what does this phrase stand for? I know the meaning of the words. It says you are my gold but I don’t quite get what does she mean? Anyone care to explain pls? Thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7483" LastActivityDate="2017-08-23T05:43:37.293" Title="Phrase meaning “ты мой золотой”" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14913" CreationDate="2017-08-19T18:11:53.283" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This phrase can have a wide range of meanings, in general it has an old-fashioned connotation and is often used by women of older generation as they speak to a younger collocutor and want to say how they like her/him, with shades of condescension, patronage, tenderness, gratitude. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you mentioned it literally means &quot;you are my gold&quot;, with variant &quot;&lt;em&gt;ты мое золотце&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, gold means as usual something valuable, dear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Mother can say this to her child, if it helped her/did something useful, what she did not awaited it could do&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Grandmother can thank this way in general any younger person who helped her&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Of course the expression can be used by any person with footsie connotation, as a joke, to ironically express aforementioned condescension, patronage&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9029" LastActivityDate="2017-08-19T18:11:53.283" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14915" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14920" CreationDate="2017-08-19T22:49:15.250" Score="12" ViewCount="523" Body="&lt;p&gt;While trying to augment my knowledge on Russian numerals with regard to how they combine with nouns and adjectives, I paid a visit to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.reverso.net&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reverso&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; after learning that any adjectives placed between the numeral and the noun must be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;in the genitive plural if the singular form of the noun is masculine or neuter&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;in the nominative plural if the singular form of the noun is feminine.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=AAJZPRNYU_MC&amp;amp;pg=PA118&amp;amp;dq=%22troika%22%22nominative+plural%22&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwio9JbWguTVAhVB3GMKHcQSCu8Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%22troika%22%22nominative%20plural%22&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ТРОЙКА&lt;/em&gt;, section 15.2, p. 486&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Side Note: If you cannot access the link above (where you'll have to click &quot;Next&quot; a few times before you get to the correct page), the following is also from the book (although I added a few personal touches to enhance the learning process):&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/dHYQ6qx.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Side Note: For those of you who have yet to learn this, it may help you to know that rules of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animacy&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;animacy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; do not apply to this rule because rules of animacy only apply to the accusative case in Russian.  The rules listed at the top of this post refer to numeral-noun phrases in the nominative case.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, while going through sentences at Reverso, looking for good examples, I kept coming across combinations that confused me because they did not seem to be adhering to the rules I placed at the top of this post.  Here are some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Три маленьких бабочки смотрят на тебя.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Three little butterflies looking at you.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Потому что у меня есть три маленьких буквы для тебя.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Because I've got three little letters for you.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Initially, I thought that I might have just stumbled upon a couple of less than standard translations at Reverso, but then I went to search Russian web pages via Google's search engine.  (Initially, I tried Google's Ngram, but this didn't yield anything.)  What I discovered, via a search of Russian web pages, somewhat surprised me.  Though there was clearly more evidence of these types of constructs according to the rules I laid out above there was still quite a few that did not seem to be following it.  See the image below for the details:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/quEt6YD.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;After thinking about this a bit more, I see now that the numbers for &quot;три маленьких буквы&quot; quite possibly indicate the use of the accusative case.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This made me rather curious, so I returned to the Ngram and ran a few other searches.  You’ll find visual representations of those searches below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/8ZEHQxx.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/VljIGUp.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, the searches involving masculine or neuter nouns were quite consistent, but not so with the feminine noun — война.  Is this presence of using genitive plural for the adjective between a numeral and its noun (as in “две мировых войны) just an indicator of bad writing (somewhat implausible) or is something else going on?  If the noun “война” were an &lt;em&gt;animate noun,&lt;/em&gt; I suppose one could make a case that instances of “две мировых войны” must be examples of where it is in the accusative case, but it is my understanding that only things like people and animals are considered “animate” and wouldn’t “два” then take the form of “двух” (instead of “две”)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regardless, what I found via searches seems to contradict what I now have come to understand about this rule and have seen echoed in a similar post:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/7335/numerals-changing-the-case-of-adjectives-and-nouns&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Numerals changing the case of adjectives and nouns&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here’s a screenshot of the part that is germane to this post:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/zSHxBdy.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an aside, wouldn’t “два” then be “две” if the noun was feminine (regardless of whether it was in nominative or accusative case)?  I guess it’s possible that whoever wrote it is just using “два” in its default/base form.  Regardless, the rule seems to correspond with what I find in one of Wiktionary’s declension charts.  Here’s an annotated screenshot so you can see what I mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/m8HMMoP.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;This declension chart seems rather similar to other charts I’ve seen — where “ые” is listed for the nominative plural and accusative inanimate plural and “ых” for genitive, prepositional, and accusative animate plural.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’ve added the declension chart for “два” to assist with understanding:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/PrtuYXL.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;It doesn’t help that the rows for “animate” and “inanimate” have been flipped — in the chart for “мировой” “animate” is listed before “inanimate.”  In this chart, you have the opposite, but I hope it helps just the same.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the feminine noun example I used earlier:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;две мировых войны&lt;br&gt;&#xA;две мировые войны&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;another theory I have is that this is perhaps some sort of intentional literary style intended to, perhaps, make some sort of statement about the “animacy” a war may have.  Or am I way off base there?  Another theory is that at one time it was acceptable to use “&lt;strong&gt;две&lt;/strong&gt; мировых войны” for the genitive case (instead of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;двух&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;).  But wouldn’t you then have to change “войны” to “войн”?  Would love to have your thoughts on this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At this point in my inquiry, I decided to stop speculating and just post this question here to see if anyone might have an answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just to recap in more general terms, are these patterns I've observed due to any recent changes in the Russian language or is it more due to the differences that tend to develop between formal writing and less formal writing?  Or are they just mistakes/flukes/anomalies that a beginning student shouldn’t pay attention to?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW, I have visited the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/13949/five-adjective-noun-what-case-is-adj-in&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Five + adjective + noun — what case is adj in?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/11623/numerals-and-cases-why-in-this-sentence-the-adjective-is-in-plural-form/11624#11624&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Numerals and cases - why in this sentence the adjective is in plural form?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/7335/numerals-changing-the-case-of-adjectives-and-nouns&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Numerals changing the case of adjectives and nouns&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/14836/agreement-of-numerals-adjectives-and-nouns&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Agreement of numerals, adjectives and nouns&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and even&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/14205/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C-%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4-declension-after-number-21&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Двадцать один хорош(?) год - declension after number 21&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but none of them really seem to address my latest point(s) of confusion about the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As always, thanks in advance for sharing your knowledge on this topic.  Please cite a source(s) in your answer, if it makes sense to do so and it is not too inconvenient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2017-08-20T18:46:27.760" LastActivityDate="2017-12-04T21:56:03.303" Title="Can anyone clear up some discrepancies between rules for numeral+adjective+noun agreement for 2/3/4 and actual usage (as found through e-sources)?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="11" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14916" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14931" CreationDate="2017-08-19T23:52:48.930" Score="10" ViewCount="1307" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does it imply when someone describes or refers to another person as &lt;strong&gt;хитровыебанный&lt;/strong&gt;? Is it a compliment or an insult? Also, what syllable is the stress on?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2017-08-24T18:11:34.880" LastActivityDate="2017-09-26T09:44:15.147" Title="Meaning of &quot;хитровыебанный&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14917" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-20T00:48:54.080" Score="4" ViewCount="425" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule I refer to is this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;For numeral + adjective + noun in genitive case structures where the numeral-noun-adjective phrase is serving in a nominative case (e.g., &lt;strong&gt;the three little pigs&lt;/strong&gt; went to the market):&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The adjective that is placed between the numeral and the noun is: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;in the genitive plural if the singular form of the noun is masculine or neuter&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;in the nominative plural if the singular form of the noun is feminine.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=AAJZPRNYU_MC&amp;amp;pg=PA118&amp;amp;dq=%22troika%22%22nominative+plural%22&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwio9JbWguTVAhVB3GMKHcQSCu8Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%22troika%22%22nominative%20plural%22&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ТРОЙКА&lt;/em&gt;, section 15.2, p. 486&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Side Note: If you cannot access the link above (where you'll have to click &quot;Next&quot; a few times before you get to the correct page), the following is also from the book (although I added a few personal touches to enhance the learning process):&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/dHYQ6qx.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is why I ask the question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have tried a number of different combinations with &quot;два&quot; + adjective + noun in genitive singular, both with Google's Ngram and search engine and little to nothing has materialized.  I've tried the Russian equivalents of &quot;two&quot; (using both &quot;два&quot; and &quot;две&quot;)* + young/old + men/women/girls/boys/soldiers to no avail (with the exception of “два хороших мальчика” where I found a mere 1,050 Google total hits — not thousands of or millions of). When I compare frequencies of various English words to Russian words and then this exact phrase, it leads me to believe that there are other, more common ways of saying things like two good boys, three new cars, four little kittens, et cetera.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;*I suppose I could have also attempted combinations with &quot;three&quot; or &quot;four,&quot; but assumed that if I was having difficulty with just the numeral &quot;two,&quot; that the road to discovery would only roll downhill from there.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As always, thanks in advance for sharing your knowledge on this topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T04:37:48.690" LastActivityDate="2017-10-01T04:42:19.830" Title="Does the Russian numeral rule for the adjective that comes between the number and the noun (see below) apply to animate nouns in actual usage?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;animateness&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14918" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-20T01:02:33.217" Score="3" ViewCount="44" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some of the questions I’ve asked in other posts might come across as a bit picayune.  Some of these questions involve observations of what might entail elective variance between written rules of usage for the Russian language and actual usage.  How are situations like this settled when it comes to professional translation where egos and different experiences and levels of education might be involved?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this really just depend on who is doing the translation (e.g., the in-house rules for a translation company)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any standard, reputable publications or institutions of authority that translators or linguists and teachers of the Russian language typically turn to over points of contention on usage?  For example, the Spanish have the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Academia_Espa%C3%B1ola&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Real Academia Española&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (an institution that serves as an authority on matters pertaining to the Spanish language).  Does the Russian language have anything similar to this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastActivityDate="2017-08-20T01:02:33.217" Title="What publications or institutions govern proper usage of the Russian language?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="3" ClosedDate="2017-08-20T08:21:35.493" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14915" CreationDate="2017-08-20T04:59:01.220" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found a couple of threads after posting this that somewhat touch on this subject.  I don't know why they didn't show up for me when I conducted my initial search.  I may have overlooked them.  However, rather than add an addendum to a long post, I'll try to summarize and synthesize them for an answer.  Truth be told, they might be a bit too advanced for the level of the post I wrote.  I am referring mainly to this thread here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/511/how-to-decline-adjectives-modifying-feminine-nouns-after-2-3-4&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to decline adjectives modifying feminine nouns after 2, 3, 4?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That post contains a comment with a link to another post that I now see is a bit irrelevant to my question(s), so I've omitted it, but you can access it by going to the link above.  I'm referring here to an answer by &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/134/quassnoi&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Quassnoi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and I quote from it a bit later in this answer but most of it is unrelated to this post here.  What follows are three points that address my question(s) in this thread.  Please don't construe my attempt to answer my own question as a sign that I am not also interested in answers from others, especially those who can do so with specifics/details/cited sources.  Most of my attempt here will be much broader in scope.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) The general rules laid out at the top of the post that starts my thread here (Can anyone clear up ...?) should suffice in most situations.  How do I know that?  I don't.  All I can tell you is that I've seen that rule in a pretty reputable Russian textbook and have seen several examples of where that rule is applied.  Those that don't follow those rules appear to be the exception rather than the rule, but I haven't queried the entire Russian lexicon or even a scientifically measured portion of it (e.g., the first 100 most common Russian adjectives and nouns and all the many permutations of how they could combine with &quot;2,&quot; &quot;3,&quot; and &quot;4&quot;).  It could be done, but it would take me a lot of time and I suspect that I would discover what the Russian textbook &lt;em&gt;ТРОЙКА&lt;/em&gt; has already provided me with its rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) In the thread titled, &quot;How to decline adjectives ...&quot; (the one I mention earlier in this answer), the author of it (KCd) refers to the number-adjective-noun rules for feminine nouns.  To refresh, it is this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Any adjectives placed between the numeral and the noun must be in the nominative plural if the singular form of the noun is feminine.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;KCd writes (paraphrasing a source):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;... this rule is &quot;normally&quot; true if the noun has the same stress in genitive singular and nominative plural ...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;... if the noun has different stress in genitive singular and nominative plural then the adjective is &quot;normally&quot; genitive plural (e.g., три различных стороны).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To help visualize this and corroborate it, I've added a screenshot from Wiktionary:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/UUCuErT.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is good information to have, but it doesn't explain to me why I've seen so many instances of &quot;две мировых войны.&quot;  You can see from the image below that even though the form of the plural changes from nominative to genitive, the stress stays the same:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/Kh7NuXV.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Note how the stress from genitive singular to nominative plural changes, which is what KCd is referring to.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) This comes from Quassnoi's answer.  A large part of it was in Russian, and, after using Google Translate, I realized that it doesn't actually address my question except for one thing and that is what was said in reference to a rule he was citing from a book by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietmar_Rosenthal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dietmar Rosenthal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; titled, &lt;a href=&quot;http://royallib.com/book/rozental_ditmar/spravochnik_po_pravopisaniyu_i_literaturnoy_pravke_dlya_rabotnikov_pechati.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Справочник по правописанию и литературной правке для работников печати&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; In reference to the rule referenced from the book, Quassnoi writes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This rule is not strict and is often violated.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And perhaps, &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; can be said of any rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T02:49:18.193" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T02:49:18.193" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14915" CreationDate="2017-08-20T12:50:17.973" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Both nominative plural and genitive plural adjectives can be used with feminine nouns. Nominative plural is preferred.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lisa, you are not the first to notice this variation (and well done spotting it!). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most sources use language such as 'usually', 'more often', 'genitive is preferred', etc. when describing this phenomenon. Here is a quote from Rosenthal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;§193. Adjective-noun agreement following numerals two, three and four&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;In such constructs the adjective modifying a feminine noun &lt;strong&gt;most often&lt;/strong&gt; appears in the nominative case (or the accusative case with inanimate nouns), plural. E.g.: &lt;em&gt;две большие комнаты выходили окнами в сад; купила четыре фарфоровые чашки; на изгороди из трех жердей сидели три женские фигуры&lt;/em&gt; (А.Н. Толстой); &lt;em&gt;По этим дорогам двигаются две большие колонны немцев&lt;/em&gt; (М. Бубеннов). When the noun phrase is preceded by a preposition, both nominative/accusative and genitive are &lt;strong&gt;possible&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;на две равные части – по две столовых ложки&lt;/em&gt;. If the nominative plural of the feminine noun differs from its genitive singular in stress (&lt;em&gt;го́ры – горы́, слёзы – слезы́&lt;/em&gt;), then &lt;strong&gt;usually&lt;/strong&gt; genitive plural is preferred for the adjective: &lt;em&gt;две высоких горы, две крупных слезы&lt;/em&gt;. Например:&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Три серых струны натянулись в воздухе&lt;/em&gt; (Горький); &lt;em&gt;Две сильных мужских&#xA;  руки подхватили ее&lt;/em&gt; (А. Коптяева). The choice of the adjective form &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; be affected by the form of the predicate: &lt;em&gt;Разыграны три золотые медали. –&#xA;  Разыграно три золотых медали.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The translation is mine. Here is the Russian original: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;§193. Определение при существительном, зависящем от числительных два,&#xA;  три, четыре&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;При существительных женского рода в указанных условиях определение&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;чаще&lt;/strong&gt; ставится в форме именительного падежа (или совпадающего с ним&#xA;  винительного при неодушевленных существительных) множественного числа.&#xA;  Например: &lt;em&gt;две большие комнаты выходили окнами в сад; купила четыре&#xA;  фарфоровые чашки; на изгороди из трех жердей сидели три женские фигуры&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  (А.Н. Толстой); &lt;em&gt;По этим дорогам двигаются две большие колонны немцев&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  (М. Бубеннов). При наличии перед всем оборотом предлога &lt;strong&gt;возможны&#xA;  варианты&lt;/strong&gt;; ср.: &lt;em&gt;на две равные части – по две столовых ложки&lt;/em&gt;. Если формы&#xA;  именительного падежа множественного числа существительных женского&#xA;  рода отличаются по ударению от формы родительного падежа единственного&#xA;  числа (ср.: &lt;em&gt;го́ры – горы́, слёзы – слезы́&lt;/em&gt;), то определение в&#xA;  рассматриваемой конструкции &lt;strong&gt;обычно&lt;/strong&gt; ставится в родительном падеже&#xA;  множественного числа: &lt;em&gt;две высоких горы, две крупных слезы&lt;/em&gt;. Например:&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Три серых струны натянулись в воздухе&lt;/em&gt; (Горький); &lt;em&gt;Две сильных мужских&#xA;  руки подхватили ее&lt;/em&gt; (А. Коптяева). На выбор формы определения &lt;strong&gt;может&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  оказать влияние форма сказуемого; ср.: &lt;em&gt;Разыграны три золотые медали. –&#xA;  Разыграно три золотых медали.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The bold emphasis was added by me to highlight the use of the 'variative' language.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is another quote from&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Граудина, Ицкович, Катлинская. Грамматическая правильность русской речи. Стилистический словарь вариантов. М., 2001:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;In these constructs feminine nouns &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; have both genitive and nominative determiners, e.g.: &lt;em&gt;две новых книги, две смежных комнаты, три столовых ложки — три оригинальные статьи, две основные задачи, три столовые ложки.&lt;/em&gt; Genitive is &lt;strong&gt;preferred&lt;/strong&gt; when the nominative form of the noun is different from its genitive in stress: &lt;em&gt;три высо́ких горы́&lt;/em&gt; (cf. &lt;em&gt;высо́кие го́ры&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;две ру́сых&#xA;  косы́&lt;/em&gt; (cf. &lt;em&gt;ру́сые ко́сы&lt;/em&gt;). For other cases some textbooks recommend the nominative – possibly, trying to differentiate feminine nouns from masculine and neuter nouns. But in reality feminine nouns &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; take dependent adjectives of either form, taking into account the stress-related limitations we have just pointed out.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian original:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«При существительных жен. рода прилагательное в описываемых&#xA;  конструкциях &lt;strong&gt;может&lt;/strong&gt; выступать в форме как родительного, так и им.&#xA;  падежа, ср.: &lt;em&gt;две новых книги, две смежных комнаты, три столовых ложки&#xA;  — три оригинальные статьи, две основные задачи, три столовые ложки&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;  Форма род. падежа &lt;strong&gt;предпочитается&lt;/strong&gt; в тех случаях, когда форма им. падежа&#xA;  мн. числа существительного отличается по ударению от формы, зависящей&#xA;  от числительного: &lt;em&gt;три высо́ких горы́&lt;/em&gt; (ср. &lt;em&gt;высо́кие го́ры&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;две ру́сых&#xA;  косы́&lt;/em&gt; (ср. &lt;em&gt;ру́сые ко́сы&lt;/em&gt;). Для других случаев некоторые пособия&#xA;  рекомендуют формы им. падежа — по-видимому, из стремления разграничить&#xA;  падежную форму прилагательного при существительных, с одного стороны,&#xA;  мужского и среднего, а с другой — жен. рода. Но практически при&#xA;  существительных жен. рода (с указанным выше ограничением, связанным с&#xA;  особенностями ударения) &lt;strong&gt;возможны&lt;/strong&gt; обе формы прилагательного».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here are the scans of the relevant pages:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ym9xM.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ym9xM.png&quot; alt=&quot;Page 32&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KVq5D.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/KVq5D.png&quot; alt=&quot;Page 33&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both sources claim that genitive plural should be used for the adjective when the noun differs in genitive singular and nominative plural. But that contradicts your Google NGram research and a few Google searches that I've just done (using quotes to match exact phrases):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;две мировые войны&quot; 120000&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;две мировых войны&quot; 49100&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;две высокие горы&quot; 5980&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;две высоких горы&quot; 638&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;две новые игры&quot; 18700&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;две новых игры&quot; 3040&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;две длинные косы&quot; 3830&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;две длинных косы&quot; 1150&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus I would conclude that nominative plural is preferred in most cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a third source to support the same viewpoint, the fundamental Русская грамматика, &lt;a href=&quot;http://lukashevichus.info/knigi/russk_gramm_sl_shvedova_2.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Volume 2, §1817, page 57&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Если в сочетание с числительным входит су­ществительное жен. р.,&#xA;  то нормальны обе формы прилагательного — и им. и род. п.: &lt;em&gt;две молодые&#xA;  женщины — две молодых женщины, какие-то четыре девочки — каких-то&#xA;  четыре девочки, обе дворовые собаки — обе дворовых собаки, четыре&#xA;  большие избы — четыре больших избы, две женских руки — две женские&#xA;  руки; На счету у нашей команды четыре золотых и три серебряные медали&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  (газ.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note the last example that uses both nominative and genitive in the same sentence!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's all I could find on the subject in the two volumes. No mention of which form is preferred. I guess the authors, being wise people, followed the rule &quot;to err less often, say less&quot; or &quot;my tongue is my enemy&quot; (Язык мой — враг мой).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-12-04T21:56:03.303" LastActivityDate="2017-12-04T21:56:03.303" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14916" CreationDate="2017-08-20T15:28:49.900" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general the word &lt;strong&gt;хитровыебанный&lt;/strong&gt; has the same meaning as &lt;strong&gt;хитрый&lt;/strong&gt; (cunning, tricky, sly), but obscene. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As pointed by @DK in his comment, it can be translated as &quot;smart-ass,&quot; but this word isn't only used to describe people, for instance one can say &quot;хитровыебанным способом,&quot; which means &quot;in a tricky/clever way.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9029" LastEditorUserId="9029" LastEditDate="2017-08-20T15:37:46.687" LastActivityDate="2017-08-20T15:37:46.687" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14917" CreationDate="2017-08-20T21:17:49.803" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this rule applies to animate nouns as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2/3/4 + старых/молодых + мужчины/мальчика/солдата for masculine or neuter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2/3/4 + старые/молодые + женщины/девушки/кошки for feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For feminine nouns you can also use the construction for masculine or neuter nouns (genitive plural) 2/3/4 + старых/молодых + женщины/девушки/кошки. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It won't be a mistake, but nominative plural (старые/молодые) is preferable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This works for inanimate nouns too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9416" LastActivityDate="2017-08-20T21:17:49.803" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14923" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14924" CreationDate="2017-08-20T22:00:10.750" Score="2" ViewCount="138" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm extremely confused...&#xA;Why is the following sentence wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Брат Адама любит Москвы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the rules, to form the genitive case for feminine nouns one should replace &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt;, but clearly that's not the case here... why is that? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9417" LastActivityDate="2017-08-21T05:24:31.623" Title="Genitive Case - soft question" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14924" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14923" CreationDate="2017-08-21T05:24:31.623" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why is the following sentence wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because you must use the Accusative case here. I.e. &quot;&lt;em&gt;Брат Адама любит &lt;strong&gt;Москву&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As @AlexVB noted, in a &lt;em&gt;negative&lt;/em&gt; sentence you may use any of two cases, that is, both &quot;&lt;em&gt;Брат Адама не любит &lt;strong&gt;Москву&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (Acc.) and &quot;&lt;em&gt;Брат Адама не любит &lt;strong&gt;Москвы&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (Gen.) are OK. But in a positive sentence there's no alternative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The root of a mistake is probably the fact that Genitive and Accusative do coincide for animated nouns. But note that &quot;&lt;em&gt;Москва любит &lt;strong&gt;брата Адама&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is grammatically the Accusative case, although the Genitive is spelt absolutely the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-08-21T05:24:31.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8495" CreationDate="2017-08-21T10:22:38.170" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends. In the nominative case it's definitely бо&lt;strong&gt;х&lt;/strong&gt;. The consonant -г- is pronounced close to Ukrainian -&lt;strong&gt;хг&lt;/strong&gt;- in set expressions like &quot;&lt;em&gt;Слава богу!&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (Dative) or &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ступай с богом!&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (Instrumental), &quot;&lt;em&gt;Проси у бога милости&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (Genitive), where бог is in &lt;em&gt;Christian&lt;/em&gt; sense; however it is often reduced to the simple -&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;-. It's usually typical -&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;- in plural (бо&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;и, бо&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;ами, бо&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;ам, бо&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;ов...) or if it's about a &lt;strong&gt;pagan&lt;/strong&gt; god (бо&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;а, бо&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;у, бо&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;ом, о бо&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;е - except the Nominative case - still бо&lt;strong&gt;х&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-08-21T10:22:38.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14927" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14932" CreationDate="2017-08-22T16:27:02.577" Score="21" ViewCount="1912" Body="&lt;p&gt;My friend (St. Petersburg born and raised) recently got a tattoo:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/D5TX6.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/D5TX6.png&quot; alt=&quot;БОШЕТУНМАЙ tattoo&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I asked him what &lt;em&gt;БОШЕТУНМАЙ&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;Boshhetunmai&quot;) meant, and he said it was the refrain from a song which very much impressed him in his youth, the 1986 hit &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yog3lgCui7g&amp;amp;feature=youtu.be&amp;amp;t=142&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Бошетунмай&lt;/em&gt; by Кино&lt;/a&gt; (Kino) in the album &lt;em&gt;Группа крови&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;Blood Group&quot;). You can hear Kino singing this word, in context, at ~2m22s in the linked video.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does this word mean? My friend claims it is, on its face, nonsense, and Kino refused to unequivocally define it until the day he died. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's roughly in accord with &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the Wikipedia.ru history of the word&lt;/a&gt;, though automatic translation to English&amp;sup1; is very rough, fragmented, and hard to follow:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Интервью с В. Цоем, Мурманское ТВ, апрель 1989 г. (Interview with V. Tsoi, Murmansk TV, April 1989):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— А что такое «Бошетунмай»?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Это секрет.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He answers: &quot;It's a secret&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Интервью с В. Цоем, «РИО» № 19, 1988 (Interview with V. Tsoi, &quot;RIO&quot; No. 19, 1988):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Откуда взялось слово «Бошетунмай»? Сам придумал?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Нет, не сам. Есть несколько разных версий возникновения этого слова.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — А у тебя какая?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Классическая. Просто такое вот волшебное слово.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roughly, he answers &quot;It's word with many interpretations. Mine is: it's classical. Just such a magic word&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Георгий Гурьянов так трактует это выражение (Georgy Guryanov so interpreted this expression):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— О-о-о… Бошетунмай&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — это отдельная история. Была такая группа «Ю би фоти»&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — реггей, британский «нью вейв». Они приехали к нам в Ленинград, мы ходили на их концерт, слушали их песню, даже исполняли её сами. А у них же всё вокруг марихуаны и косяков. Виктор под впечатлением всего этого написал реггей-песню. А «бошетунмай»&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — это одно из наших названий этого продукта. Скорее это всё Тимур придумал, у него был круг друзей, которые говорили между собой, что человек, который бросил это курить, продался. Соответственно, когда предлагалось курнуть, говорили: «Давай, не продадимся». Так не продавались, не продавались, а потом для конспирации перевели слово на китайский язык. Он был очень модным. Слово взяли из разговорника. «Не продаваться»&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — это глагол… Никто значения этого слова до сих пор и не знает, м.б. лучше и не знать.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is much harder to follow in English, but it seems he concludes the word means &quot; 'Do not sell' as a verb ... nobody knows the meaning of this word until now. It is better not to know.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the the creators of the word did not assign it a meaning, my question is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a native speaker, the man on the street, encountered &lt;em&gt;Бошетунмай&lt;/em&gt;, never having heard the song, would it be meaningful to him? What would he interpret it to mean?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If not, does the word have any allusions, references, either in whole, or in part, which lend it shades of meaning from morphology or phonology alone?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If not, does it have any assonances, consonances, rhymes, or other similarities to other common words which would create links in the hearer's or reader's mind?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Would it consistently provoke any emotion or constellation of emotions in native speakers?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, without familiarity with the Kino song, is this word complete nonsense? If not, what does it mean, or what associations would it create in the mind of a native speaker? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;sup1; &lt;sub&gt;Forgive me, I only speak English. I won't be able to understand answers or comments in Russian or any other non-English language. Of course you are free to speak among yourselves in any language you like, but addressing me won't be effective in anything but English.&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7451" LastEditorUserId="7451" LastEditDate="2017-12-15T18:08:00.830" LastActivityDate="2020-07-28T14:52:34.577" Title="What does &quot;Бошетунмай&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="25" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14928" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14930" CreationDate="2017-08-22T17:26:19.723" Score="5" ViewCount="425" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was creating a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memrise&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Memrise&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; course for Russian the other day and as I was collecting audio files from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forvo&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Forvo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; to add to it, I came upon this word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;крити́ческий&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, when I make a course, I add a field for the word with its accent marks so I can get into the habit of correctly pronouncing the word (rather than guessing). This word, however, gave me a bit of cognitive dissonance because it doesn't appear that it is pronounced according to how dictionaries place the stress mark.  I can't think of any examples right now, but if I'm not mistaken, this has happened once or twice with a couple of other Russian words.  Below are some examples of different pronunciations of &lt;strong&gt;крити́ческий&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;крити́ческий&lt;/strong&gt; from Forvo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;крити́ческий&lt;/strong&gt; from Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither sound as if the stress is being placed on that second syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the following video, however, the pronunciation &lt;em&gt;does&lt;/em&gt; match the stress I see in the dictionaries I've visited:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9GIwG2FdEg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Наступает критический момент...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fortunately this dichotomy between what I see listed in the dictionary and pronunciations I find at Forvo and elsewhere are few and far between.  Nevertheless, does anyone know of a resource, similar to Forvo, that provides free online audio recordings of Russian?  I often tend to focus on resources that were created in English with an English-speaking user in mind, but I realize there may be quite a few additional resources in the native language that I may just not have exposed myself to yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the absence of any such resource, can anyone tell me how most people pronounce this word -- &lt;strong&gt;критический&lt;/strong&gt; -- even if it differs from what is indicated by dictionaries.  Also, if you have a good Russian dictionary that shows a different stress mark than what I found at Wiktionary (and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wordreference.com/ruen/%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;WordReference&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.pons.com/translate?q=critical&amp;amp;l=enru&amp;amp;in=&amp;amp;lf=en&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PONS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;), please add that to your answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As always, thanks in advance for your thoughts on this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-09-03T11:07:37.653" Title="&quot;Критический&quot;: How should it be prounounced?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14913" CreationDate="2017-08-23T05:43:37.293" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it depends on the depth of context/ meaningfulness of her heart's intentions, she may show her afection this way, along the lines of &quot;You're my sweetie/ such a sweetheart/ darling/ You're my guy/my dear/ You're my precious&quot;... or not, we'd need to read the whole message history to gauge what's what, lol.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2086" LastActivityDate="2017-08-23T05:43:37.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14928" CreationDate="2017-08-23T20:21:32.733" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;I love questions like these, they uncover small quirks that even most native speakers aren't aware of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The stress is on the second syllable, and sounds like it. There's more at play at Forvo and Wiktionary, though; it's subtle, modern, and I don't think they teach that. There's often a sort of quasi-stress — &lt;em&gt;qualitatively&lt;/em&gt; different from regular Russian stress — on the first syllable of a word that comes after a pause. Any pause. Starting an utterance, picking up mid-sentence, or as in this case, pronouncing a standalone word. And the curious thing is, the more &quot;clear&quot; the speaker is trying to sound, the more likely they are to put that quasi-stress on the first syllable. You can hear it most clearly in loud, cheery PSAs: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;При&lt;/em&gt;глаша́ем на нашу выставку!&lt;/strong&gt; Less markedly, some newscasters do that, something like: &lt;strong&gt;отвечая на вопросы журналистов, представитель компании&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;[small pause]&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;за&lt;/em&gt;яви́л:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;[soundbite]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in your two samples, it's that thing — &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;кри&lt;/em&gt;ти́ческий&lt;/strong&gt; — drowning out the &quot;real&quot; stress, which never shifts anywhere. In the movie scene, &lt;strong&gt;критический&lt;/strong&gt; comes mid-utterance, and that's how it's &quot;meant&quot; to sound in the absence of any other factors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2017-08-23T22:22:52.423" LastActivityDate="2017-08-23T22:22:52.423" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14916" CreationDate="2017-08-24T19:01:54.510" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's wrong to say that it's just obscene version of &lt;code&gt;хитрый&lt;/code&gt; - it way more subtle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Хитровыебанный&lt;/code&gt; is by no means &lt;code&gt;хитрый&lt;/code&gt;. You cannot just say &lt;code&gt;хитровыебанный мужик&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;хитрый мужик&lt;/code&gt; - this is just not right. You cannot substitute &lt;code&gt;хитрый&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code&gt;хитровыебанный&lt;/code&gt; in the majority of cases - it's not just an obscene, rude form of sly or tricky. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's closer (but not equivalent) to an obscene version of kludgy in the sense of &quot;awkwardly or inelegantly made or done.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's take a look, for instance, at the phrase - &lt;code&gt;xитровыебанный план&lt;/code&gt; - this refers to a plan that was actually cleverly or trickily conceived, but turns out to be overcomplicated and not necessarily effective. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; As for &lt;code&gt;какой-то хитровыебанный хуй&lt;/code&gt; - well, it's more like someone tried to say &lt;code&gt;какой-то хитрожопый хуй&lt;/code&gt; (which is literally smart-ass) but was too worked up to calmly and thoroughly analyze all the possibilities in order to choose the right word. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare two google searches:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yjqo8.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yjqo8.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gkhEy.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gkhEy.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While you can use &lt;code&gt;хитровыебанный&lt;/code&gt; to refer to a person (like &lt;code&gt;хитровыебанный пацан,&lt;/code&gt; it's still not a direct analogue for &lt;code&gt;хитрый,&lt;/code&gt; but rather for someone dodgy. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-08-25T03:38:37.443" LastActivityDate="2017-08-25T03:38:37.443" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14927" CreationDate="2017-08-24T20:14:35.847" Score="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;OK, I've waited enough and while nobody's answering this, I will do it myself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a native speaker with no knowledge of song will hear &quot;Бошетунмай&quot; this will mean nothing to him. As of allusions and references, this sounds slightly, vaguely &quot;turkic&quot; (or Tatar) - but that's basically it, nothing more specific. Any popular rhyming word you can think of - like &quot;сарай&quot;, &quot;каравай&quot; - still give you no hint. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of provoking emotion - no. It does not sound harsh, it does not sound aggressive, it's pretty neutral. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To conclude - this word has nothing to do with Russian language, it's a completely made up word and only Viktor Tsoi knows what it exactly means - if it does mean anything at all. It's as much Russian as, say, Kid Rock's Bawitdaba is an English word. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-08-24T21:09:13.570" LastActivityDate="2017-08-24T21:09:13.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14928" CreationDate="2017-08-24T20:23:00.260" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lisa Beck&gt;&lt;/em&gt; does anyone know of a resource, similar to Forvo, that provides free online audio recordings of Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Youtube&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lisa Beck&gt;&lt;/em&gt; if you have a good Russian dictionary that shows a different stress mark ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Automatic, involuntary speech will be the good Russian source to check where is actually the Russians make stress and how they pronounce words by motor reflex activity when no thought involved. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/zSZBapE7v4k?t=4m28s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/zSZBapE7v4k?t=4m28s&lt;/a&gt; ну это &lt;kbd&gt;критически&lt;/kbd&gt; важный навык&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/gkcGPPS6yY8?t=4m19s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/gkcGPPS6yY8?t=4m19s&lt;/a&gt; так как это &lt;kbd&gt;критически&lt;/kbd&gt; сокращает срок её службы&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/rt3up3BwCcE?t=59s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/rt3up3BwCcE?t=59s&lt;/a&gt; для использования на &lt;kbd&gt;критически&lt;/kbd&gt; важных объектах&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/HjIWl7ES_B0?t=24s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/HjIWl7ES_B0?t=24s&lt;/a&gt; для проверки теории &lt;kbd&gt;критически&lt;/kbd&gt; необходимо найти доказательства&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/2LhvYcpLZk0?t=1m4s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/2LhvYcpLZk0?t=1m4s&lt;/a&gt; при этом &lt;kbd&gt;критически&lt;/kbd&gt; важно составить список конкурентов&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/VZ4sNPYAJJQ?t=2m1s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/VZ4sNPYAJJQ?t=2m1s&lt;/a&gt; если показатели спермограммы &lt;kbd&gt;критически&lt;/kbd&gt; снижены, то    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, you can identify for yourself which syllable of the word has been stressed or accented, making your own decision without interference from advisors (native speakers).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5288" LastActivityDate="2017-08-24T20:23:00.260" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14935" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14938" CreationDate="2017-08-27T06:52:48.103" Score="5" ViewCount="861" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently learned that possessive pronouns are not used as often in Russian as they are in English and, therefore, this implies that a translation into English with a logical possessive might be better if the context indicates that one is implied.  This was actually brought to my attention via a Duolingo lesson in which the correct answer for&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.duolingo.com/comment/11722364&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пока брат читает, я работаю.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;was&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While my brother is reading, I am working.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was actually almost finished reading the comments in a discussion thread linked to the prompt you see above, and about to move on, when I came upon the following comment toward the end:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct me if I'm wrong, but here's my understanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, singular countable nouns are usually used with some kind of modifier (either 'a', 'or 'the', or 'my'/other possessive pronouns). In Russian, singular nouns don't require modifiers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the modifier is omited in English, it means 'brother' is used like a name, to refer to a specific brother and not just 'a brother' is general. This is not what the Russian sentence means, so that's why just 'brother' is not accepted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This raised some questions for me, such as can be found in the post I wrote in reply:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do Russians ever use &amp;quot;brother&amp;quot; similarly?  In other words, do Russians ever use &amp;quot;brother&amp;quot; or any other family member as a name?  And, if so, how is the distinction made?  (More importantly, how are English students of Russian to know the difference?)  Would it, perhaps, ever be capitalized as in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пока Брат читает, я работаю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know I have seen &amp;quot;Big Brother&amp;quot; as in &amp;quot;a person or organization exercising total control over people's lives&amp;quot; is sometimes (but not always) spelled with capital letters as in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Большой Брат&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I actually tried to investigate this a bit via digital means.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://goo.gl/cJ3WYi&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What I found with Google's Ngram&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; didn't help much and an advanced search of Russian pages did seem to indicate that some might capitalize it from time to time, but the practice appears to be rather limited and somewhat arbitrary.  I did some further research in this regard and discovered some things that I will add in an answer to this post.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since most of the posts in that thread are a year old, I wasn't too sure if I would get a reply or get one relatively soon, so I thought I'd post it over here since the Russian Language StackExchange has proven to be one of the more active forums I've visited.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be realistic, I understand that this question may seem somewhat insignificant, and surely, not knowing the answer to this question isn't likely to move a person's mastery of Russian ahead by leaps and bounds, but every little drop in the bucket of Russian language knowledge is incrementally beneficial.  So, if you are a native or fluent speaker of Russian and have any thoughts on this, please share them with us.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-08-27T17:06:38.500" Title="Are words for family members (e.g., &quot;брат,&quot; &quot;сестра,&quot; ...) ever used as names, and, if so, is the word then capitalized (as it would be in English)?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14935" CreationDate="2017-08-27T06:52:48.103" Score="6" Body="&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The short answer&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The short answer is “no.”  Russian writers do not appear to capitalize a word for a family member even when it is used as a name.  This is true whether directly addressing the family member or not (or adding a modifier like &quot;little/big&quot; or &quot;younger/older&quot;), and true whether or not it is translated into English as &quot;my brother&quot; or simply &quot;brother.&quot;  Here are some examples from &lt;a href=&quot;http://context.reverso.net/translation/english-russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reverso&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;We're just trying to have a peaceful drink over here, brother.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Мы тут пытается спокойно посидеть, брат.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;We've been through a lot, big brother.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Мы прошли через многое, большой брат.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;I will bring you back, my brother, I promise.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Я воскрешу тебя, брат, обещаю.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;... while my brother is eating corpses, he is not my brother&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;... &quot;'пока брат ест трупы, он мне не брат', ...&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This last example is not from Reverso but from an informБЮРО online article titled, &quot;Уехавшая в Одессу жительница Акмолинской области называет свою мать трупоедкой.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only one legitimate exception I can think of, where &quot;брат&quot; is capitalized in such instances are those in which &quot;brother&quot; begins the sentence as in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Brother threatened to cut off my ears so I'd never hear Chopin again.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Брат угрожал отрезать мне уши, чтобы я никогда не слушала больше Шопена.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you may also find other exceptions as in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Bless me, Brother, for I have acted against the example of the Gods.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Благословите меня, Брат, ибо я поступал вопреки наставлениям Богов.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this last example seems to be the exception and not a rule/standard/common practice and you're bound to find others similar to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other forms of address: honorifics&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also took a look at what examples could be found via a Google search and was immediately reminded that, in English, we sometimes capitalize the word “brother” when referring to monks as in the following example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Brother Kevin looped his arm around Andrew’s neck, while Brother Joshua quickly followed.”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;By the way, the example above comes from a book titled,&lt;/em&gt; Enclosure: A Trappist Tale.  &lt;em&gt;I have only read a few lines of it and, well, let’s just say it goes beyond what most might consider “brotherly love” and very much ventures into what some, if not many, would consider racy, progressive (and/or even seditious), but it provides a good example of what I’m trying to teach here linguistically.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Jack sat up, interested now, while Brother lay down and put one arm over his eyes.”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;—From&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://goo.gl/ucQ6Fv&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Brother, Brother,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;p. 14&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My cursory search on Russian monks did not rule out that they, too, are not also referred to as “brothers” and addressed as “Brother __________” (or “Брат __________”), but I did not quickly find any evidence that they are addressed or referred to in this way.  After doing some searches with &quot;сестра,&quot; however (see below), I suspect they can be (even though I haven't always seen &quot;брат&quot; capitalized in such instances).  I would think that there is some sort of standard protocol on such a thing, but my access to authoritative sources on the Russian language is somewhat limited due to various factors (a language barrier for starters).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Be that as it may, in English, this use of “brother” to refer to a member of a religious order can also be seen with its female counterpart — sister— and can extend beyond the honorifics used for traditional houses of religion.  If the following example is any indicator, this appears to be true for the Russian language as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Yes, put those away before Sister Constance sees you.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Спрячь это, пока Сестра Констанция не увидела.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I can’t be 100% certain because I’ve never seen the show and am relying on a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.wikia.com/about&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wikia FANDOM&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; page here, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://orange-is-the-new-black.wikia.com/wiki/Sister_Constance&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sister Constance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; appears to be a nun who occasionally appears in a show called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_Is_the_New_Black&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Orange is the New Black.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other, less traditionally religious examples follow:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;And will be as long as the Sister of the Dark lives.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;И будет пока Сестра Тьмы жива.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Они жили тихой жизнью пока Сестры света не похитители ее.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;They were living a quiet life until the Sisters of the Light abducted her.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A capitalized “сестра” can also refer to what is known in British English as “a senior female nurse, typically in charge of a ward,” as in the following example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;I thought they were rabid until Nurse Crane filled me in.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Я думал, это бешенство, пока сестра Крейн не просветила меня.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The fraternity kind of brother&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’ve also read that Brother, when capitalized, can also refer to a member of a fraternity, but having met some fraternity brothers in my college days, I would have to say that I believe this usage is archaic if not dying out.  Although, I do believe I’ve seen a couple of books where this appeared to be a part of the dialogue.  However, it seemed that this was something that might have been in use at one time at older, established, private universities such as one of the Ivy Leagues.  I could be wrong, but I don’t recall any of the fraternity brothers I met ever addressing one another as “Brother ____________.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A bit on vocatives&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, siblings (and I assume other family members and the like) are not capitalized even when used as names and even when used as a vocative (unless the vocative is used in an exclamatory way or starts the sentence/phrase/expression).  This finding was limited to what Google’s Ngram and search of Russian web pages indicates where I only tested this with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82#Declension_3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“брате,”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; but I suspect similar results would be found for other family members.  Furthermore, some web pages I encountered seem to back this up:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;“Recall also Pushkin’s «Что тебе надобно, старче?» … (‘What do you need, old man?’) …”&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;—From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.languagesoftheworld.info/morphology/case/vocative-case-russian.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Is There a Vocative Case in Russian?&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Odds and ends regarding the capitalization of words for family members&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, you might also capitalize a family member in circumstances where there is more than one and you are referring to them by number or letter (e.g., Brother #4 or Brother D).  I’m not entirely sure one would do that in Russian and my guess is that common practice would be to keep the word lowercase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With or without the preceding examples, I realize that some native English speakers may not fully be aware of all the many conventions for capitalizing (or not) one’s various family members.  For a decent discussion thread that goes into somewhat more depth on this, I recommend the following from the English Language &amp;amp; Usage StackExchange:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/172615/capitalization-of-sister-and-brother&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Capitalization of “sister” and “brother”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For cultural aspects regarding the use of the word “brother,” you may want to visit this one also:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/47541/use-of-brother-in-non-family-and-non-religious-contexts&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Use of “brother” in non-family and non-religious contexts&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn’t deal with the issue of capitalization but touches on other aspects that may or may not be relevant to the Russian language.  Regardless, both Russian and English speakers, of which this forum may have several, might benefit from reading it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The following is something of an aside, but I felt it relevant enough to add here:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mentioned in my question that I also sometimes see “big brother” capitalized in Russian.  This is true even when it has not been in English (and typically wouldn’t be when not used as a name).  This is true whether referring to one’s older brother or a surveillance state.  Keep in mind that the examples that follow these next ones (and the ones that preceded it) are direct copy from Reverso and stray from the literal a bit here and there even when it doesn’t seem necessary to do so.  I found this to be true of the next couple of examples, especially:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;As all you know, George is my big brother.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Как вы знаете, Джордж - мой Старший Брат.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;You saw watchtower as big brother and you turned away.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Ты думал, что Сторожевая Башня это Большой Брат, поэтому и отвернулся.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But even then, there are exceptions as in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;I could be a Big Brother.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Я могу быть 'старшим братом'&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To recap briefly, family members are not capitalized in Russian even if being used as a name for someone and not a noun.  In English, it would be technically more correct to write, “While Brother reads” rather than “While brother reads,” but you could conceivably see examples of both.  An example of correct usage in English (again, from Reverso) is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;We don't have the time to wait for Brother's graduation.&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  **Нам некогда ждать, пока брат окончит школу.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What the relative prevalence is of instances where possession is implied and where it is not, I could not tell you.  In fact, I do see a lot of examples on Reverso where a possessive pronoun &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; used before a word denoting a family member, so if you use it, you don't run the risk of not being understood and it is unlikely that it will even sound odd to a native Russian.  Having said that, it does appear that this lack of a possessive pronoun seems to occur more when the noun representing the family member comes after the following words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пока&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  как&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  и&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or the following prepositions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;за, к, с&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or immediately follows a verb.*&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;*It looks as if the possessive pronoun might be more likely to be dropped in instances where the word for the family member is in the dative, prepositional, and/or quite possibly the instrumental.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But these are just observations from what I've seen at Reverso, and, for the sake of full disclosure, mainly based off of the word &quot;сестра,&quot; so I can't be certain that this observation is true in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope that helps someone out there who might have a similar or related question and if you are a native or fluent Russian speaker or teach it to others and you have something to add or disagree with anything I’ve written, please post a comment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastActivityDate="2017-08-27T06:52:48.103" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14935" CreationDate="2017-08-27T09:20:23.413" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no common name or surname in Russian that would councide with word for brother.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if used as a proper name (for instance, nickname), it definitely would be capitalized. In ambiguous cases you always can use possessive pronouns, and I think it is in general better way of expression when using terms for relatives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose there is society ruled by Mother and one wants to refer to his own mother. He definitely would say &quot;моя мать&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2017-08-27T09:26:45.840" LastActivityDate="2017-08-27T09:26:45.840" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14935" CreationDate="2017-08-27T14:01:21.927" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, you should be aware, that in the todays world, with all these information/communication devices out there, there are numerous ways one can use words, sentences etc. And for such specific cases there can be great &amp;quot;diversity&amp;quot; in usage. That is, if you see somewhere&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Yes, put those away before Sister Constance sees you.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Спрячь это, пока &lt;strong&gt;Сестра&lt;/strong&gt; Констанция не увидела.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say from my personal experience, that usually we don't capitalize such words in such cases. But that doesn't mean, that everyone does the same. This specific case was possible, I'm 100% sure of this, due to translation from English, the translator probably decided to leave the capitalized word as it was in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, we need to get rid of ambiguity with the word name. In Russian, we usually use the word (имя) &amp;quot;name&amp;quot; only (there may be some exceptions, I'll add them, if I recall any) in reference to a person's first name, full name (first (optionally the middle one) and last together) , to a thing's (like a ship) name and rarely to a nickname or last name. We usually don't use &amp;quot;имя&amp;quot; even for names of cities/villages etc, we use the word &amp;quot;название&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means, that if any word (including the words for family members), is being used as a first/last name, nickname it must be capitalized. The word Брат can be a foreign first/last name, a nickname and in these cases it must be capitalized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if the word (any word, not even specifically one for a family member) is used as an address and is not a first name or other proper name, then it has not to be capitalized. &lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/172615/capitalization-of-sister-and-brother&quot;&gt;The item from english.stackexchange&lt;/a&gt;, provided by you, mentions such cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mom and Dad are capitalized when they're used in place of names, e.g. &lt;strong&gt;Hi, Mom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but in Russian, this would be an ordinary address, not a name, as here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Привет, мам&lt;/em&gt;/ Hi, Mom&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Здравия желаю, товарищ сержант&lt;/em&gt;/ Hello, sergeant (probably this should be capitalized too)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Откройте двери, водитель автобуса&lt;/em&gt;/ Open the door, bus driver&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So this is the second point summarized: if the word is being used as a &lt;strong&gt;first/last name, nickname it should be capitalized&lt;/strong&gt;. Otherwise, if the word is being used only &lt;em&gt;in place of a name, like an address, a &amp;quot;position&amp;quot; in some monastical order or whatever, then it should not be capitalized&lt;/em&gt;, unless its capitalization is required by some other rule, like it's the first word of a sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The third point, is that in Russian, as a general rule of thumb, we capitalize only words, which are some sort of proper names, like: Иван, Солнце (when it used as the name of the star, that is &lt;em&gt;Отправить миссию на Солнце&lt;/em&gt;, but &lt;em&gt;на небе светит солнце&lt;/em&gt;, город Москва, крейсер Москва, Государственная Дума, Московский физико-технический интститут etc. We don't capitalize many things, which are capitalized in English: (I — я, Russian — русский, Admiral Nimitz — адмирал Нимиц, the Parliament (when it refers to a specific parliament) — парламент, President Trump — президент Трамп.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the fourth point, which is related to the words, which refer to family members. In sort of informal slang, the words (мать, отец, брат, сестра, &lt;strong&gt;only their full variants&lt;/strong&gt;, not diminutive ones like папа, мама, ма, па, сестренка and so on) are often used as address even to people, who are not family members in that situation. This use can be considered offensive by many:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не убивай, брат &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Y3k3-CVkOA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;из к/ф &amp;quot;Брат&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;, cannot recall any other example&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Эх, мать, давай споем&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Отец, есть сигарета? (the word &amp;quot;отец&amp;quot; wouldn't be capitalized, if it wasn't the first one in the sentence)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-08-27T17:06:38.500" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14939" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14970" CreationDate="2017-08-28T17:53:44.297" Score="9" ViewCount="928" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I read, I often encounter the word “вообще&quot;. In most cases it’s something negative or not good, for example “я вообще не буду писать&quot; and so on. However, recently, for the first time, I saw it used in a positive sense, namely “Ты у меня вообще молодец”. What does вообще mean in this phrase exactly? And how I can use it correctly? Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7483" LastEditorUserId="10003" LastEditDate="2019-06-16T20:44:56.417" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T10:11:32.657" Title="The word “вообще&quot; and its usage" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14939" CreationDate="2017-08-28T19:15:10.850" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The way it's used in your examples, it's just an intensifier that can be rendered with 'at all', 'absolutely':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'I'm not going to write anything &lt;strong&gt;at all&lt;/strong&gt;.' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a colloquial usage that corresponds to meaning #4 in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiktionary article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second phrase &quot;Ты у меня вообще молодец&quot; can be read as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Generally/usually&lt;/strong&gt; you are a good person&quot; (meaning #1 or #2, with молодец emphasised) or &quot;You are a &lt;strong&gt;really&lt;/strong&gt; good person&quot; (meaning #4, with вообще emphasised).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну, ты &lt;strong&gt;ваще&lt;/strong&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;can mean 'You're so cool!' or 'You are an idiot!' depending on context. Compare to 'You are crazy!' in English which can be good crazy or not so good crazy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And ultimately, on its own,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ваще!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;can mean 'Wow!', 'Cool!', etc or 'What a mess!' again depending on context and the way it's said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-06-17T10:11:32.657" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T10:11:32.657" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="14941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14939" CreationDate="2017-08-28T19:15:13.027" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вообще&quot; is a very common word, with a range of meanings. It is often a parasite.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Вообще&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;generally, in general&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;always, usually&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;altogether, on the whole&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;at all&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your first example “я вообще не буду писать” has a meaning &quot;at all&quot;.&#xA;Your second example “Ты у меня вообще молодец” has a meaning &quot;always&quot;.&#xA;There are other meanings as well, for example &quot;Hу, вообще!&quot; means &quot;This is crazy!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to use this word, be careful with any other meaning than &quot;generally/in general&quot;. As a clue, &quot;Вообще&quot; in this meaning can be safely interchanged with &quot;Вообще-то&quot;. For comparison, if we modify your second example to &quot;Ты у меня вообще-то молодец&quot;, that would significantly change the meaning, from &quot;You are always great&quot; to &quot;Usually, you are great&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2017-08-28T19:15:13.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14942" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-28T23:49:50.237" Score="4" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I began an action, failed it, and was unable to ever do it again, my action would be completed (but it would be completed in a way that I wouldn't expect). Would I use the perfective aspect for this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9441" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T10:01:00.933" Title="Is the perfective aspect used to indicate failure?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14942" CreationDate="2017-08-29T02:06:31.223" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imperfective:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он поступал в университет, но не поступил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я когда-то учился играть на пианино. Так и не смог научиться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T02:06:31.223" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14942" CreationDate="2017-08-29T04:32:40.873" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should use a perfective verb no matter in what way your action was completed. The negative sense of your failure doesn't affect the meaning of completion. It is a result. You just use a negative form of the verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Снесла курочка яичко.Дед бил,бил – не разбил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T04:32:40.873" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14945" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14942" CreationDate="2017-08-29T10:01:00.933" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, if there's a result then it's perfective. But note two points:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Quite often you have to use several verbs to describe all your started/completed/failed actions. Then it's quite possible you have to mix perfective and imperfective forms together. E.g.:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я там был, мёд-пиво пил, по усам текло, в рот не попало&lt;/em&gt; --&gt; I was (impf.) there, I had (impf.) mead and beer, it ran (impf.) through my mustache, but it didn't get (perf.) into my mouth&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sometimes you have no real result, but rather a sentence &quot;results&quot; in some state and/or repeatable action. Then it's imperfective, of course. E.g.:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Порой не верится, друзья, но всё-таки бывает&lt;/em&gt; --&gt; Sometimes it's hard to believe (impf.), my friends, but it happens (impf.) anyway&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T10:01:00.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14946" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14947" CreationDate="2017-08-29T11:17:50.933" Score="6" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;p&gt;1 - Твои собаки едят яблоки?&#xA;2 - У тебя собаки едят яблоки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hi, my Russian learning app showed me the second one for &quot;Do your dogs eat apples?&quot;.But, I am also learning from another source.From that source I know that I can say Твои before plural nouns and that we can just ask questions with the right intonations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So which one is true? Can I also ask like the first sentence I formed or is only the second sentence the right way to ask it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9443" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-08-29T17:41:20.450" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T17:41:20.450" Title="&quot;Твои собаки едят&quot; or &quot;у тебя собаки едят&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14946" CreationDate="2017-08-29T11:53:16.727" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both are correct phrases. In casual speech they would most probably convey the same idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second option is &quot;easier on the tongue&quot;, sounds more casual and natural. Not much different, very close, but if out of context, i'd rather chosen second way to express myself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However there is a slight difference in their meanings, that almost never matters, in casual chat, but in some specific situations may do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literally, the second option reads like &quot;Do dogs at yours (your place, under your supervision, etc) eat apples?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically, it is the same. If a dog lives in your house - then it most probably is your dog.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But imagine some shelter, or pets hotel, where both owner's own dogs and temporary cared for dogs are staying. In this rather specific situation there might be a suspense that the place owner treats his dogs and dogs trusted to him differently. In such a situation, the 2nd option would imply all the dogs, while the 1st option would imply only owned dogs apart from dogs in custody.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare &quot;Чем у тебя собак кормят?&quot; and &quot;А чем ты своих собак кормишь?&quot; - &quot;What meal is fed to the dogs at yours?&quot; vs &quot;What meal do you feed to your own dogs?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, when such a phrase arrives in the middle of a long discussion, it inherits the history and phraseology already established. Like, if we are both dog fans, and we just went for half an hour discussing &quot;your dogs&quot; vs &quot;my dogs&quot;, then the 1st option would have more chances to be chosen. Because it would refer to the previously kind of coined &quot;my dogs&quot; and &quot;your dogs&quot; notions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2017-08-29T12:05:21.977" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T12:05:21.977" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14948" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-29T13:22:48.897" Score="3" ViewCount="458" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a little bit confused here.Duolingo says &quot;У девочки есть всё&quot; is &quot;The girl has everything&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However... If &quot;девочка&quot; is &quot;girl&quot; and &quot;девочки&quot; is &quot;girls&quot; can't we translate the sentence as &quot;The girls have everything&quot;? Or is this some kind of an exception?&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XO1X2.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit : I guess, it does the same thing for other sentences too.It said &quot;The woman has cats&quot; for &quot;У женщины есть кошки&quot; .I'm really lost here.Wasn't женщины = women and женщина = woman.Also кошки is plural too, but the sentence is still singular!?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9443" LastEditorUserId="9443" LastEditDate="2017-08-29T13:28:10.310" LastActivityDate="2017-09-27T04:53:29.650" Title="Why is &quot;У девочки есть всё&quot; singular?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14946" CreationDate="2017-08-29T13:42:34.433" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;У тебя&lt;/strong&gt; is more natural in Russian, and generally something you can hardly ever go wrong with. There's no difference if it's a statement or a question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it doesn't sound like the most obvious way to say it, consider the fact that in English, too, there's more to the &quot;your&quot; in &quot;your dogs&quot; than meets the eye. Namely: apart from indicating possession/relation, it's also a kind of stand-in for &quot;the&quot;. What I mean by that is, in English, you always expect &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; word to go in front of &quot;dogs&quot; when they're &quot;definite&quot; dogs. Whether it's &quot;the dogs&quot;, &quot;your dogs&quot;, or &quot;Jane's dogs&quot;. And so the &quot;your&quot; part is in that slot in the sentence which you expect to just be ticked off in passing, without putting a lot of emphasis on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not so in Russian, where you can just say &lt;strong&gt;Собаки едят яблоки?&lt;/strong&gt; to mean both &quot;do dogs eat apples?&quot; and &quot;do &lt;em&gt;the&lt;/em&gt; dogs eat apples?&quot; Therefore adding &lt;strong&gt;твои&lt;/strong&gt; in front of &lt;strong&gt;собаки&lt;/strong&gt; actually feels like you're adding something, and therefore giving it some significance, pushing the whole thing slightly towards: &quot;those dogs of yours, do they eat apples?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the thing about &lt;strong&gt;у тебя&lt;/strong&gt; is, it sort of applies to the whole of the sentence. Think something like, &quot;do the dogs eat apples on you?&quot; — which doesn't sound quite right in English, but the same general figure of speech is quite natural and neutral in Russian. Therefore, &lt;strong&gt;у тебя&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't really emphasise whose dogs they are in a way that would require some justification in context, as with &lt;strong&gt;твои&lt;/strong&gt; (say, &quot;those dogs you're breeding/genetically engineering, do they eat apples?&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;У тебя&lt;/strong&gt; is a lightweight, in-passing addition because you never really don't expect it. It works with pretty much any statement. You can say &lt;strong&gt;У меня Рим победил Карфаген&lt;/strong&gt;, literally ~&quot;Rome has defeated Carthage on me&quot;, and there's at least one context in which it would make perfect sense: &quot;I'm at the point in the history book I'm reading where Rome has defeated Carthage&quot;. You can think of &lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;у тебя&lt;/strong&gt;, etc. as a way of &quot;possessing&quot; entire events, rather than their individual subjects or objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope that made sense. Arioch's answer probably deserves the checkmark, I'm just here with some follow-up ramblings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2017-08-29T13:49:20.433" LastActivityDate="2017-08-29T13:49:20.433" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14948" CreationDate="2017-08-29T14:05:55.800" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, &amp;quot;У девочки есть всё&amp;quot; does not mean &amp;quot;The girls have everything&amp;quot;. The literal word-for-word translation is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У - by the side&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;девочки - of the little girl&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;есть - is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;всё - everthing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To see why the verb is singular, we can rearange the sentence into the subject, verb order familiar to English speakers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Всё есть у девочки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The subject of the sentence is всё (everything), not девочки (of the little girl).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Duolingo requires the student to translate using good style in the target language. Frequently this requires a rewording of the sentence. This required rewording often completely alters its grammatical structure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-09-19T15:35:02.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14948" CreationDate="2017-08-29T19:19:30.910" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should be aware of the fact that the structure &amp;quot;у кого-то есть что‐то &amp;quot;actually means &amp;quot;кто‐то имеет что‐то &amp;quot;. Thus if you have&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Singular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У девочки есть всё. = Девочка имеет всё. = The girl (one) has everything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plural :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У девочек есть всё. = Девочки имеют всё. = The girls have everything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this list of prepositions and cases might be helpful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Именительный&#xA;кто? что?&#xA;Родительный&#xA;от, до, из, без, у, для,&#xA;около, с, вокруг, после, кроме&#xA;кого? чего?&#xA;Дательный&#xA;к, по&#xA;кому? чему?&#xA;Винительный&#xA;в, на, за, про, через&#xA;кого? что?&#xA;Творительный&#xA;с, со, за, под, над, между, перед&#xA;кем? чем?&#xA;Предложный&#xA;о, об, в, на, при&#xA;о ком? о чём&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-09-20T19:43:30.817" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14953" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14955" CreationDate="2017-08-30T22:26:35.727" Score="3" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ran into this situation when trying to order fabric. Can colours in Russian take a noun form, or must it always be adjective + цвет? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, if you were to name multiple colours, would you have to pluralise them all (example a) below) or would it be okay to use each in singular with only цвета in plural (example b)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) Мне нравятся красные, коричневые, и желтые цвета.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b)  Мне нравятся красный, коричневый и желтый цвета.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does having the colour names in plural give a different connotation, like that you enjoy a variety of different shades within that category? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9437" LastEditorUserId="9437" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T00:51:48.380" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T08:19:27.800" Title="Colours as nouns" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14953" CreationDate="2017-08-30T22:50:06.697" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some colors do have their noun counterparts, some do not. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;красный - краснота&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;синий - синева&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;зеленый - зелень&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;оранжевый - оранжевость (can use, but it's not really a proper word)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;however, nouns are not neutral in their meaning. For example, you can use adjective &quot;зеленый&quot; to describe any green object, but the noun &quot;зелень&quot; has a primary meaning &quot;green vegetation&quot;, so referring to something as &quot;зелень&quot; may be seen as a metaphor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding your examples, when you use singulars (красный, коричневый и желтый), you are referring to pure colors (&quot;I like colors red, brown and yellow&quot;). When you use plurals (красные, коричневые, и желтые) you are referring to shades of those colors (&quot;I like reddish, brownish and yellowish colors&quot;); proper word for referring to them would be &quot;тона&quot;, not &quot;цвета&quot; (&quot;Мне нравятся красные, коричневые, и желтые тона&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2017-08-30T22:50:06.697" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14953" CreationDate="2017-08-31T09:17:55.777" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can colours in Russian take a noun form, or must it always be noun + цвет? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, usually colour adjectives can be used as nouns. Though it might get ambiguous, and then explicit specification &quot;цвет&quot; better be added to resolve the ambiguity. Because, &quot;цвет&quot; is not the only notion those adjectives may represent when used as nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;would it be okay to use each in singular with only цвета in plural &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both phrases are correct, but there is nuancing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does having the colour names in plural give a different connotation, like that you enjoy a variety of different shades within that category?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exactly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these your examples you better keep the &quot;цвет(а)&quot; specifications, especially if you are like in some shop offering you many different goods. Because without the clarifying, explicitly spelled noun, it might be perceived that you refer to some goods in that shop, that colours are adjectives hinting at the shop offers. Like dresses, or shoes or window blinds or whatever coloured there may be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unless you are in the middle of conversation and you were discussing exactly them colours. Then adjectives would inherits that context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;А какие цвета тебе нравятся ?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне нравятся красный, коричневый и желтый.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English that reference would probably be made explicit. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Which colours do you like more?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I like red, brown and yellow &lt;strong&gt;ones&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if you want to &lt;em&gt;start&lt;/em&gt; the colours topic, with no prior context, then you better use middle-gender singular forms of the adjectives, implying uncountable vague categories like &quot;это&quot; and &quot;всё&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Посоветуй, что бы тебе подарить на день рожденья?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сам решай. Но вообще, мне нравится красное, коричневое и жёлтое.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note how &quot;нрaвиться&quot; verb here switched itself to singular form, because uncountable &quot;всё&quot; is implied here, though not spelled out explicitly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as a rule of thumb, you may think that colour adjectives are still adjectives, but very often they imply some &quot;invisible&quot; noun or pronoun following them. Just think which noun or pronoun would be natural to omit in the given context, and which noun or pronoun your listeners would infer from your phrase. If that is obvious and the situation is informal - then the (pro-)noun would naturally be omitted and only the colour adjective(s) be spelled out. If the situation is formal or there is a possible ambiguity to be resolved then you better spell them both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Old jokes about Civil War:  &quot;Красные придут - грабят. Белые придут - грабят&quot; or &quot;Бей белых, пока не покраснеют! Бей красных, пока не побелеют!&quot;. In these jokes referred are Red Army and White Guards, however they are referred as &quot;people&quot;, &quot;soldiers&quot; or like that. Like &quot;blacks&quot; about negroid people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, you see, colour adjectives MAY be used as nouns, but that would not necessarily be colours themselves those noun-adjectives would mean. It could pretty well be any other notions and nouns implied, providing they can be meaningfully distinguished by some associated colours in the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T08:19:27.800" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T08:19:27.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14948" CreationDate="2017-08-31T10:31:12.307" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Всё&quot; has only singular form, similar to &quot;fish&quot; in English. Compare: a girl &lt;strong&gt;has&lt;/strong&gt; a fish. Two girls &lt;strong&gt;have&lt;/strong&gt; plenty of fish. Or, &lt;strong&gt;have&lt;/strong&gt; all the fish. (Though maybe one can use &quot;fishes&quot; for aquarium fish)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6807" LastEditorUserId="6807" LastEditDate="2017-08-31T18:09:51.197" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T18:09:51.197" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14957" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-08-31T12:48:32.780" Score="4" ViewCount="197" Body="&lt;p&gt;I realize that in the following passage, the conjunction &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; is interpretable as and. If I were translating this into Russian from English, I would have forgone the conjunction altogether and written two separate sentences. Otherwise, I would have naturally opted for &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; as my first choice to render &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; since it's the more logical and accessible form for me as a non-native Russian user. (In English we only have one &quot;and&quot; and &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; is the first form we're taught when we learn Russian, so it's my go-to conjunction.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; perfectly interchangeable with the meaning &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt;, or is there a distinguishing nuance at play that I don't know of? If so, does it apply to both the written and spoken form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как много талантливых и чудесных людей бывает у нас в гостях, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; вчера&#xA;  к нам зашла фотограф Евгения, со своей очаровательной дочкой Алёной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2018-06-30T10:33:59.753" Title="Interpretation of the conjunction &quot;a&quot;" Tags="&lt;conjunctions&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14957" CreationDate="2017-08-31T13:10:30.177" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The conjunction &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; most commonly has the meaning of contrast or opposition, similar to &lt;em&gt;but&lt;/em&gt; in the English language. In your example though it means something close to &quot;&lt;em&gt;for example&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;em&gt;for instance&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T13:10:30.177" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14959" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8818" CreationDate="2017-08-31T18:45:52.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово &lt;strong&gt;ибо&lt;/strong&gt; сейчас нигде не употребляется, его использование имеет только слэнговый характер в разговорной речи. В единственно возможном применении &lt;strong&gt;ибо нефиг&lt;/strong&gt; эта фраза может произнесена после того, как некто совершил какое-то дерзкое действие, которое было запрещено и за это поплатился (травма, штраф, утрата). Например: &quot;Сосед ремонтировал машину и сломал двигатель&quot;, &quot;Неудивительно, &lt;strong&gt;ибо нефиг&lt;/strong&gt; лезть туда, в чём не разбираешься&quot;. В этом диалоге использование &lt;strong&gt;ибо нефиг&lt;/strong&gt; обосновано тем, что фраза легче произносится и имеет саркастический оттенок. Если заменить &lt;strong&gt;ибо нефиг&lt;/strong&gt; на фразу &lt;strong&gt;потому что не стоило&lt;/strong&gt; в диалоге, то вторая реплика будет звучать чересчур книжно, к тому же она будет иметь такой же смысл, если из неё удалить слово &lt;strong&gt;ибо&lt;/strong&gt;, именно поэтому применение слова &lt;strong&gt;ибо&lt;/strong&gt; - исключительно саркастическое, как связующее слово оно не используется нигде и никогда ни в разговоре, ни в литературе. В некоторых старых текстах и в редких книгах это слово обозначает &lt;strong&gt;потому что&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9453" LastEditorUserId="9453" LastEditDate="2017-08-31T18:52:39.933" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T18:52:39.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8690" CreationDate="2017-08-31T19:03:57.470" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пуся&lt;/strong&gt;, также уменьшительно-ласкательное &lt;strong&gt;пусечка&lt;/strong&gt; - обращение к детям или к любимому человеку. Происходит от слова &quot;ути-пути&quot; - это говорят ребёнку, который ещё в детской кроватке, обычно ему дают игрушку со словами &quot;ути-пути&quot;, чтобы ребёнок засмеялся и перестал плакать. Когда он перестаёт плакать, говорят &quot;ах ты моя пусечка (или &lt;strong&gt;пуся&lt;/strong&gt;)&quot;. Буквально обозначает то же самое, что и лапа или &lt;strong&gt;лапочка&lt;/strong&gt; - то же самое, что и &lt;strong&gt;прелесть&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9453" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T19:03:57.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10774" CreationDate="2017-08-31T19:15:10.363" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;вольны&quot; - это слово wolny из польского, в переводе &quot;свободно, бесплатно&quot; в данном контексте - &quot;разрешено без ограничений&quot;, так как это мутация слова неграмотными писарями польского слова dozwolone - &quot;разрешённый&quot;, &quot;жаловать&quot; - żałować &quot;сожалеть&quot; - такая же грамматическая ошибка, потому что переводчик неграмотный и посчитал &quot;сожалеть&quot; и &quot;жалеть&quot; одно и то же по смыслу, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;есмя&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - jesteśmy &quot;&lt;strong&gt;мы есть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;же&quot; - перепутано с że - &quot;что&quot;, на самом деле смысл - też - &quot;тоже, также&quot;. Буквальный перевод это фразы таков:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мы можем жалеть своих холопов, но и казнить тоже.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В переводе на русский эта фраза звучит так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мы имеем право своих холопов хвалить, а также имеем право их казнить.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9453" LastEditorUserId="9453" LastEditDate="2017-08-31T19:30:38.060" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T19:30:38.060" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14957" CreationDate="2017-08-31T19:27:16.333" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; are not even &lt;em&gt;im&lt;/em&gt;perfectly interchangeable; they're not interchangeable at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But first things first; the whole thing looks a little off to me as a single sentence. I took the liberty of finding the entire paragraph, and I see what happened now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Друзья, как здорово взглянуть на свою любимую библиотеку со стороны! Как много талантливых и чудесных людей бывает у нас в гостях, а вчера к нам зашла фотограф Евгения, со своей очаровательной дочкой Алёной. &#xA;  Спасибо Евгении за хорошие отзывы о Бартеневке, ждем в гости еще!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Making the paragraph flow correctly in the reader's inner ear was the writer's priority, so they wanted to avoid both an exclamation mark and an ellipsis after &lt;strong&gt;в гостях&lt;/strong&gt;, because they're both too &quot;strong&quot; as it were. But they didn't spot the less obvious choice which I think captures it just right: comma followed by dash.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как много талантливых и чудесных людей бывает у нас в гостях, — а вчера к нам зашла фотограф Евгения, со своей очаровательной дочкой Алёной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The comma after &lt;strong&gt;Евгения&lt;/strong&gt; is technically incorrect, as was pointed out in the comments, but intonationally, again, it makes a lot of sense. Punctuation rules are often at odds with how you'd naturally segment a sentence in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway: this is an over-specific and thus very unhelpful example if you want to learn about &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; vs. &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;, because the &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; here doesn't really connect anything, despite the punctuation making it look like it does. It's more of an introductory &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; that doesn't go beyond its own clause, only extending to the right, as it were, and bordered off on the left.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;, in this case, would also have been an introductory &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; with no real &lt;em&gt;syntactic&lt;/em&gt; connection to what preceded it; but like in most cases, since &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; are not interchangeable, &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; would have changed the meaning significantly: to &quot;yesterday, &lt;em&gt;too,&lt;/em&gt; a photographer named Yevgeniya stopped by&quot;. As it is, with &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;, I'm not sure you even have to translate the &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;. It doesn't have a real English equivalent. A lot certainly do come to mind — &quot;say, yesterday...&quot;, or &quot;thus yesterday...&quot;, or &quot;speaking of which, yesterday...&quot; – but as far as I can tell, a person writing and &lt;em&gt;thinking&lt;/em&gt; in English would likely just say &quot;yesterday&quot; right away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T19:27:16.333" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14939" CreationDate="2017-08-31T19:35:42.280" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;вообще&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - полностью соответствует английскому &quot;&lt;strong&gt;at all&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ты у меня вообще молодец = You are my very well-done boy.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь слово &quot;вообще&quot; - это усилитель слова &quot;молодец&quot;, переводится как &quot;очень&quot;. Логика в этой фразе отсутствует напрочь. Есть несколько фраз со словом &quot;вообще&quot; как усилителем:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ты что, вообще дурак? = Are you really dumb?&#xA;Кто это вообще сделал? = Who did it? Really.&#xA;Куда вообще это поставить? = Where do I put it? Huh?&#xA;Кто ты вообще такой? = What the hell you are.&#xA;Ну вообще... = Wow! Indeed?&#xA;Вообще не понимаю. = I don't understand even quite a bit.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9453" LastEditorUserId="9453" LastEditDate="2017-08-31T19:51:28.407" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T19:51:28.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14690" CreationDate="2017-08-31T20:02:42.123" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It happens often when a native speaker can't find words to express their thoughts quite fast and accurate because Russian language is extremely complex and it requires a lot of words to describe a simple thing. We often stumble and start thinking before we said something. Often it is not grammatically correct or even not accurate what we say. I often don't understand what people are saying too. The best polite question would be &quot;Могу я разговаривать на английском с вами?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9453" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T20:02:42.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14953" CreationDate="2017-08-31T20:18:00.223" Score="0" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;a) Мне нравятся красные, коричневые, и желтые цвета.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning is you like all shades of each colour you mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;b) Мне нравятся красный, коричневый и желтый цвета.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gramatically correct is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мне нравится красный, коричневый и желтый цвет.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No any logic here, it's one of thousands rules of the language.&#xA;The meaning is you like only three exact colours: red, brown, and yellow, not their other tones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9453" LastActivityDate="2017-08-31T20:18:00.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14957" CreationDate="2017-08-31T21:29:43.600" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Типовые предложения с союзом &quot;а&quot;:&#xA;There are three main types of sentences with the conjunction &quot;а&quot; &#xA;1.with opposition (противопоставление)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Говорите, что хотите, а человек он хороший.(You can say whatever you wish,but he is a nice man.)&#xA;  Виноват я, а не ты.(It's me, who is guilty, not you).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.Matching (сопоставление)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пошёл домой, а он остался.(I went home, but /whereas he stayed.&#xA;  Я убирала комнату, а они мне помогали(I was cleaning the room and they were helping me.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We often observe discrepancy of the parts of the sentence (несоответствие)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дело к весне, а мороз всё жёстче(Spring ia coming, but/meanwhile the frosts are becoming more severe )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Connection (Присоединение)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;За деревней было поле, а за полем начинался лес.(There was a field behind the village and the forest was behind the field )&#xA;  Он занят, а потому и не пойдёт в театр.(He is busy, and he won't go to the theatre with us.)&#xA;  Что делаешь сегодня? А завтра?(What are you doing today? And tomorrow? )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Ефремова the meanings are just the same:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Употр. при соединении предложений или членов предложения, указывая на их противопоставление или сопоставление. 2. Употр. при присоединении предложений или членов предложения, указывая на их очередность или временную последовательность. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rusgram.ru describes the same points, but gives a very interesting introduction to the topic. They say that &quot;а&quot; can show the absence of control of the subject over the action, or &quot;unexpectedness &quot;.(союзы с компонентом отсутствия контроля а, но).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ее пригласили, а она не пришла.(She was invited, but surprisingly she didn't come)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Returning to our sentence, I believe that we have &quot;connection &quot; here, the meaning is &quot;and&quot;, but if we wanted to translate it into English, we would say, &quot;for example&quot; just to show the importance of this visit but &quot;and&quot; is also suitable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...for example /and (what a pleasant surprise! ) Jane, the photographer, with her charming daughter...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2017-09-01T13:02:09.947" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T13:02:09.947" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14915" CreationDate="2017-09-01T20:25:23.313" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native speaker, I shortly pounded on both options, such as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;две мировые войны&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;две мировых войны.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I, from my feeling of the language, consistently prefer the first option in all examples. The only exception might be if the noun is not in the nominative. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Две мировые войны — больше, чем достаточно.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он прошел две мировые войны. / Он прошел две мировых войны.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here I prefer the second option, but it's declination and not usage per se. Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a funny side note, possibly somewhat related is the old Moscow theater pronunciation, seen in old Soviet films, from, like 50s and in some public talks, like in &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; songs by Vysotsky, when he (debatably on purpose) tries to sound more intelligent. They mangle -ая in -ыя in adjectives, there are also &lt;a href=&quot;http://pishu-pravilno.livejournal.com/215773.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;some further cases&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It might be a similar effect to what you are observing: the natural change in the language, that was sort of kept on purpose in an elitist group. In your case it might be rather the folk language, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T20:25:23.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14968" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14976" CreationDate="2017-09-01T22:32:48.547" Score="5" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term &lt;em&gt;промышленник&lt;/em&gt; described individuals seeking furs and the employees of 1700s and 1800s fur companies such as Shelikhov-Golikov and the Russian-American Company. Those workers were involved in a variety of business activities not limited to trapping and trading for furs, but also including punitive attacks on natives and the management of enslaved hunters. Some of them held shares or part shares in the fur expeditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of this exotic context and the passage of two centuries, the word does not mean quite the same thing today. My question is about its implications at the time the fur companies were operating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Did the term imply that промышленники were risking their own capital on the venture?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Were sailors for the fur companies also промышленники?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;промышленники were members of which Imperial social classes?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-09-06T22:18:40.010" LastActivityDate="2017-09-06T22:18:40.010" Title="&quot;Промышленники&quot; working for the fur companies" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14968" CreationDate="2017-09-01T22:37:13.900" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;My gut feeling (native speaker reporting) is that &lt;code&gt;промышленники&lt;/code&gt; is here used not in the modern sense. This is about a bit dated language, right? The action of somewhat industrial hunting is older Russian is called &lt;code&gt;промысел&lt;/code&gt;. Hence, these people were hunters, not entrepreneurs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T22:37:13.900" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14939" CreationDate="2017-09-01T23:11:00.837" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For those searching for examples on the internet. There is a quite common typo/mispronounciation/misconcept between&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;вообще&lt;/code&gt; == &quot;at all&quot;, weasel word&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;в общем&lt;/code&gt; == &quot;in general&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;вобщем&lt;/code&gt; (incorrect spelling)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;ваще&lt;/code&gt; (jargonism from &lt;code&gt;вообще&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T23:11:00.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="52" CreationDate="2017-09-01T23:17:26.177" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A side note. &lt;code&gt;О&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;об&lt;/code&gt; might be a bit more formal, compare with typical titles of scholary works:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;О &lt;em&gt;корчевании корней&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;К вопросу о &lt;em&gt;корчевании корней&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;But never &quot;Про &lt;em&gt;корчевание корней&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A reasonable English translations would be &quot;On &lt;em&gt;lorem impus&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;Revisiting &lt;em&gt;lorem ipsum&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, maybe even &quot;Towards &lt;em&gt;lorem ipsum&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2017-09-01T23:17:26.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14972" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14916" CreationDate="2017-09-02T00:07:09.397" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Trying to explain this around gets me to &quot;sophisticated in a convoluted and bad manner&quot;, but in a quite obscene language. &quot;Smart ass&quot;, mentioned above, is probably the best short English translation, but it is much more derogatory in Russian. This is that famous Russian cursing on an intermediate level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An obligatory remark: this is not the kind of language that should be printed in books or spoken on any level above informal communication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2017-09-02T00:07:09.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8818" CreationDate="2017-09-02T00:19:25.583" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that the most direct English counterpart is &quot;thus&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is also used in written language only and mostly for pretence or fake pathos.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2017-09-02T00:19:25.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14968" CreationDate="2017-09-02T12:45:12.753" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;промышленник&lt;/em&gt; is derived from the word &lt;em&gt;промысел&lt;/em&gt; which means both (1)&lt;em&gt;hunting/fishing&lt;/em&gt; and (2)&lt;em&gt;handcraft&lt;/em&gt;. And, in fact, it was used in both meanings (professional hunter and craftsman) for a long time (at least, midst of the XIX century), until it was totally replaced with (1)&lt;em&gt;промысловик&lt;/em&gt;, and (2)&lt;em&gt;ремесленник&lt;/em&gt; (derived from &lt;em&gt;ремесло&lt;/em&gt;, which is another word for handcraft). So only then (and it was the time of the capitalist industrialization in Russia too) the word &lt;em&gt;промышленник&lt;/em&gt; became the (almost) exclusive meaning of &lt;em&gt;an industrialist / business person&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No, because in the XVIII century the word &lt;em&gt;промышленник&lt;/em&gt; still retained its primary meaning (a worker), even though, in some context, it could also mean a business owner;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No, except if they were directly involved in hunting (which is quite possible, I say);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Just commoners. I believe, if some merchant had a big share in a such company in the XVIII century, then he still was simply &quot;a merchant&quot;, and not &quot;промышленник&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-09-02T12:45:12.753" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14977" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14978" CreationDate="2017-09-02T20:11:20.603" Score="8" ViewCount="300" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my understanding, &quot;вялотекущая&quot; means having a slow flux. This you would literally associate with rather with a river, but no - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вялотекущая шизофрения - ОK&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вялотекущая река - NOT OK&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why? I understand that language can be quite irrational, but my question is - maybe in this special case there is indeed some crazy logic behind these cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastActivityDate="2017-11-22T08:46:58.433" Title="What is the logic behind &quot;вялотекущая&quot; attachable to an illness but not to a river?" Tags="&lt;semantics&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14977" CreationDate="2017-09-02T21:00:17.527" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ever heard of wholes being greater than the sums of their parts? Crazy, huh?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вялотекущая&lt;/strong&gt; is not the same as &lt;strong&gt;вяло текущая&lt;/strong&gt;. The former is a medical term and was coined (or, if you like, glued together) as such. &lt;strong&gt;Вяло текущая река&lt;/strong&gt; is fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-09-02T21:00:17.527" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14928" CreationDate="2017-09-03T11:07:37.653" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native speaker, I confirm the &lt;em&gt;actual&lt;/em&gt; stress is on second &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;, критИческий. What might confuse you is that the first &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; is also &quot;a bit&quot; stressed. So it's more like крИт&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;ческий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2017-09-03T11:07:37.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14980" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1741" CreationDate="2017-09-03T11:12:01.870" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Eugene already mentioned it. The rule of a thumb is that &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; always gets stressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note, it can image a pun where изображЁн (depicted) is pronounced similar to обезобрАжен (mutilated), i.e. изобрАжен or изобрАжён. Well, it's really hard to write a word with &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; without meaning to stress this letter, for a pun you might even want to change &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2017-09-03T11:12:01.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14981" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14982" CreationDate="2017-09-04T13:36:20.730" Score="7" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand the meaning of the component words, but what does the phrase mean and how is it used?  From an internet search it seems to mean something akin to we will find our reward in heaven.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9467" LastEditorUserId="4769" LastEditDate="2017-09-05T10:16:36.883" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T10:16:36.883" Title="What does the phrase &quot;увидеть небо в алмазах&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14982" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14981" CreationDate="2017-09-04T14:57:49.160" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's about expectations of changes for the better, of hopes to succeed in foreseeable future, most likely ungrounded hopes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was popularized in Chekhov's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Vanya&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Uncle Vanya&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;, one of the most famous plays in the world. Actually most likely it was invented by Chekhov, though this should be verified, that's why I'm carefully using &amp;quot;popularized&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's exact &lt;a href=&quot;http://lib.ru/LITRA/CHEHOW/vanya.txt_with-big-pictures.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы отдохнем! Мы услышим ангелов, мы увидим все небо в алмазах, мы&#xA;увидим, как все зло земное, все наши страдания потонут в милосердии,&#xA;которое наполнит собою весь мир, и наша жизнь станет тихою, нежною,&#xA;сладкою, как ласка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just like it happens quite often with other pathetic and romantic phrases it was later ironically rethought. For &lt;a href=&quot;http://lib.ru/WELLER/marina.txt&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;instance&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я  думал,  русские  женщина  горячие&amp;quot;,  -  беспардонно  заявил  он, придымливая шестую сигару.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я те устрою небо в алмазах&amp;quot;, - злобно пообещала Марина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But keep in mind that though this phrase is most likely known by native speaker, it's usage quite limited.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-09-04T14:57:49.160" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14983" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15001" CreationDate="2017-09-04T18:37:56.370" Score="4" ViewCount="252" Body="&lt;p&gt;Edit : My question is about preposition &quot;IN&quot; not about the verb &quot;have&quot; as you suggested.Can you open it again, please?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm studying with duolingo and this is the first time I saw this kind of &quot;in&quot; preposition usage as &quot;У меня ...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I always see it like &quot; ... в ...&quot;.Can you explain this to me in terms of both grammar and colloquial speech aspects?Thanks in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9443" LastEditorUserId="9443" LastEditDate="2017-09-05T03:21:42.637" LastActivityDate="2017-09-06T14:55:52.887" Title="&quot;Они живут у меня дома&quot; and &quot;Они живут в мой дом&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14985" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14989" CreationDate="2017-09-05T00:19:13.223" Score="8" ViewCount="6250" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been watching a television show with scenes in Russian and I notice that several of the characters keep calling each other by their full names (first name and middle or surname), where in English they would've just used first names, title, or salutation + surname.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an example from Season 2 Episode 7 (while practicing beating a polygraph):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Igor:&lt;/strong&gt; Do you live and work at the Soviet embassy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nina:&lt;/strong&gt; Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Igor:&lt;/strong&gt; Do you trust me Nina Sergeevna?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nina:&lt;/strong&gt; No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Next episode, the Russian Rezident (Ambassador) is speaking to his 3rd in command on stealing Stealth bomber plans:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Arkady&lt;/strong&gt;: And how do we know if it will fall out of the sky?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Igor&lt;/strong&gt;: I don't think we will know, Arkady  Ivanovich.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this an accurate reflection of how names are commonly used in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Update:&lt;/em&gt; I believe they are using the first name and middle name, not first name and last name&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9472" LastEditorUserId="9472" LastEditDate="2017-09-06T03:15:28.140" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T16:36:04.780" Title="In Russian is it more appropriate to refer to someone by their full name?" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14985" CreationDate="2017-09-05T04:14:53.347" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it's not. The most common way to call each other in Russian is by name only. If person is older and/or you want to (have to) be polite (with your teacher, your boss, customer), you must use their name + middle name (father's name). But it's not necessary if other person is okay with name only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And about show. It's hard to say why they're using full names, it depends on the situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9473" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T04:14:53.347" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14987" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="14990" CreationDate="2017-09-05T05:53:15.173" Score="5" ViewCount="670" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are Russian equivalents of the English idiom &quot;It's a &lt;a href=&quot;http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/work-in-progress&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;work in progress&lt;/a&gt;&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make this question self-sufficient, the definition of &quot;work in progress&quot; is &quot;an unfinished project that is still being added to or developed&quot;. Usually it is supposed that it is developed slower than expected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5584" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-05T16:28:19.790" LastActivityDate="2017-09-06T15:10:01.170" Title="What are Russian equivalents of the English idiom &quot;It's a work in progress&quot;?" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14987" CreationDate="2017-09-05T06:54:48.523" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Работа в процессе выполнения&quot;, &quot;работа ведется&quot;, &quot;я работаю над этим&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How is work?    - Как работа?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In progress.    - В процессе.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9473" LastEditorUserId="9473" LastEditDate="2017-09-05T07:23:45.630" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T07:23:45.630" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14989" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14985" CreationDate="2017-09-05T08:28:20.130" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Referring for someone close by a last name is something that happens quite often - especially if these are romantic relations (but not necessarily). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, wife can tell her husband: &quot;Что-то ты, Будников, юлишь&quot;. &#xA;A boy can tell a girl: &quot;Клинкова, а пойдём в кино вечером&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From your question though it seems not to be the case, using first name plus last name in a casual speech sounds unnatural, so @notChosen is not wrong. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nobody says: &quot;Иван Никифоров, приходи ко мне на день рождения&quot;.&#xA;Also, no offense but American TV series is the last source I'd recommend as a Russian-learning resource. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD: OK, now when exact excerpts are provided it's obvious that it's not about surname but rather than about using first name + &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patronymic?wprov=sfsi1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;patronymic&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then &lt;strong&gt;answer is actually yes&lt;/strong&gt;, it's an okay usage. This is quite common way to politely refer to somebody.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-06T08:19:58.443" LastActivityDate="2017-09-06T08:19:58.443" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14987" CreationDate="2017-09-05T08:53:05.870" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тут ещё ничего не готово&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тут пока ничего не окончательно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тут всё ещё очень сырое&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each of those fits in some contexts, and doesn't fit in others; none would work if you're talking about, say, learning a language. I don't think there's an expression that's as one-size-fits-all as &amp;quot;It's a work in progress&amp;quot; (which I feel other answerers have been interpreting too literally).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T08:53:05.870" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14992" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14985" CreationDate="2017-09-05T10:27:54.547" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Like it was answered above, if the person is older or you want to be polite you should use Name + Middle Name. In common cases we use just Name.&#xA;But it's really noticed many times that in non-russian TV shows or movies etc there is Name + Family Name (i.e. full name) used for so called russian characters  what does sound really strange to native russian speakers :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9474" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T10:27:54.547" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14987" CreationDate="2017-09-05T11:53:34.810" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a word which is specifically about building construction in progress - &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;долгострой&quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When finishing some building project - building, bridge or road takes more and more time and still far from being finished - it's exactly &lt;code&gt;долгострой&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quite often it's used not only about building. It can be used for describing state of software development (like &lt;a href=&quot;https://habrahabr.ru/company/docsvision/blog/265559/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; - &quot;Долгострой в разработке ПО: о проблемах управления требованиями&quot;) or some political reforms - than it's &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.de/books?id=5AQIDAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT88&amp;amp;lpg=PT88&amp;amp;dq=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=-nfQzv6ARO&amp;amp;sig=ZO8rabQ3FfHtjx94t689J8PCNCM&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwiYzfKZ_Y3WAhVMcRQKHbzkA_kQ6AEIRjAE#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;политический долгострой&quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, this term is not universal. The closest you can get is &lt;code&gt;затянувшаяся работа&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;незапланированно долго затянувшаяся работа&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-05T17:28:13.997" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T17:28:13.997" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14689" CreationDate="2017-09-05T12:24:32.823" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You question does not make sense. In Russian we do have cases - generally speaking any noun can be declined by cases. Also in Russian we have plural, this is well, another grammatical category. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A noun in the plural form also is declined by cases.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, when somebody tell you that, for instance, &lt;code&gt;дом&lt;/code&gt; in plural is &lt;code&gt;дома&lt;/code&gt;, or plural for &lt;code&gt;девочка&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;девочки&lt;/code&gt;, actually he / she means that it is the form of plural in nominative case. But actually you have also &lt;code&gt;домами&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;домах&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;девочками&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;девочках&lt;/code&gt; etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;By default plurals are described in nominative declension&lt;/strong&gt;. &#xA;So yes, it's still unclear what you are asking, but if I understand correctly your question the answer is yes, it's completely the same. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-05T12:36:12.670" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T12:36:12.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14983" CreationDate="2017-09-05T14:31:53.840" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The second sentence should be &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Они живут в моём доме.&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Они живут у меня дома&lt;/strong&gt; - means &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;They live at my home.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Они живут в моём доме&lt;/strong&gt; - means &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;They live at my house.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use the first sentence to point that you and others share the same living space.  You can use the second one to say that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You and others are living in the same apartment building, but have different apartments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You and others are living in the same detached house.  But then the first sentence is used more often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T14:31:53.840" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14987" CreationDate="2017-09-05T16:42:24.657" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9,_1945)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Я не волшебник, я ещё только учусь&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I am not a sorcerer, I'm still learning&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the original meaning, it was stressing more humility than unfinished work, but since then it has become more related to the latter than the former.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Скоро только кошки родятся&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Only kittens are got to be born quick&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the meaning is &quot;This should take longer than you think&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T16:42:24.657" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14987" CreationDate="2017-09-05T18:58:08.283" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an informal situation, you can use a citation from the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30jcqtXrqI8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;old cartoon&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Стрижка только начата!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the cartoon, a lion wanted to cut hairs, but he was very impatient. He asked several times is the work finished. A crane (the hairdresser) answered each time &quot;Not ready yet&quot;, and finally said &lt;code&gt;Стрижка только начата!&lt;/code&gt;, what made the lion angry.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;This phrase literally means &quot;I've just begun&quot;, and is very famous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2017-09-05T18:58:08.283" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14998" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-09-06T05:58:52.150" Score="9" ViewCount="218" Body="&lt;p&gt;Действующий и будущий регуляторы отрасли — Минфин и ЦБ — согласовали проект реформы аудита в России.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is from an article from kommersant.ru, why are the adjectives at the start in nominal singular form. Why aren't they &lt;code&gt;действующие&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;будущие&lt;/code&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9405" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-06T16:44:52.420" LastActivityDate="2017-09-06T16:44:52.420" Title="&quot;Действующий и будущий регуляторы&quot; - why not &quot;действующие и будущие&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="14999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14998" CreationDate="2017-09-06T06:39:14.127" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's because Минфин is действующий регулятор отрасли and ЦБ is будущий регулятор отрасли. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;At this moment&lt;/strong&gt; Ministry of Finance is responsible for audit activity.&#xA;But Central bank will get this function from Ministry &lt;strong&gt;in the future&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9473" LastActivityDate="2017-09-06T06:39:14.127" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14998" CreationDate="2017-09-06T08:05:25.163" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's short for &quot;действующий регулятор и будущий регулятор&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a perfectly valid and quite widely used construct in Russian. &#xA;E.g. &quot;a blue pencil and a green pencil&quot; (синий карандаш и зелёный карандаш) can be shortened to &quot;синий и зелёный карандаши&quot; which I don't think is possible in English (&quot;a blue and a green pencils&quot;?). It's a kind of ellipsis where the noun is omitted after the first adjective. More examples to give you a better feel for the construct (they may sound contrived - that's because they are):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Старший и младший братья = the elder brother and the younger brother.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Новая и старая дороги = the new road and the old road.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-09-06T08:05:25.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14983" CreationDate="2017-09-06T14:55:52.887" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that your confusion stems from an inadequate translation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Они живут у меня дома.&lt;/em&gt; means 'They are staying with me' or 'They are living at my place'. The emphasis is on me and my household. They are a part of my household.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Они живут в моём доме.&lt;/em&gt; means 'They live in the same building as I do'. The emphasis is on the building. We do not know whether they are part of my household or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The preposition &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;y&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; has &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%83&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the following meanings in Russian&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;near, next to (около, рядом с ◆ Жить у моря./ to live near the sea);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;from (от ◆ Узнать у друзей./ to learn (to get to know about something) from friends)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;possession (обозначает владельца ◆ У меня есть./ I have...[I am the owner of...] )&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;indication of a part of a whole (обозначает часть целого ◆ Ножка у стула./a leg of a chair)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The general meaning of the preposition &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is 'inside'. For other meanings please consult your grammar book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These prepositions are not interchangeable and convey different relationships with an object. However, translations to other languages may not reflect these differences for one reason or another. Often times it is related to collocations used in a translation target language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9128" LastActivityDate="2017-09-06T14:55:52.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14985" CreationDate="2017-09-06T15:04:04.030" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most Russians address their friends by using only first names (Dmitriy, Ivan), but in their short forms (Dima, Vanya respectively). When calling their name, a special form equal to the plural genitive form is frequently used as &quot;vocative case&quot; (Дим, Вань). It is never appropriate to use this form in official documents or when addressing someone who you don't know very well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If addressing someone officially, you should use the full form of the first name plus patronymic (Vasiliy Ivanovich), and it is very official as of now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A less official way is to address someone by only the full form of the first name (Dmitriy, Vasiliy, Ivan). This can be used, for example, when calling your insurance company, or when talking to your colleague that you don't know well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quite an archaic way to address someone is to just call their last name (Serov, Vertinskiy), but it is not actively used right now. Normally it is impolite to call someone by their last name, it cannot be used with someone of higher position than you. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same can be done with just the patronymic: &quot;*А я ему и говорю ― совсем ты, &lt;em&gt;Иваныч&lt;/em&gt;, спятил, сбрендил на старости лет, ― сказала Светка, вытаскивая из пачки длинную тонкую сигарету*&quot;. Анна Сапегина, «Галатея», 2012 г. It is very informal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;All of the forms can actually be used in jest by friends: someone I know for 25 years can suddenly address me as &quot;Dmitriy Vladimirovich&quot;, but it does not make this a usual way to address friends.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastEditorUserId="7544" LastEditDate="2020-01-13T16:36:04.780" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T16:36:04.780" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14987" CreationDate="2017-09-06T15:10:01.170" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no exact synonym. There are many ways to indicate work in progress &quot;ведётся работа&quot; (work is being done), &quot;мы работаем над этим&quot; (we are working on this), &quot;проблему уже изучают наши специалисты&quot; (our specialists are already investigating the problem) are all likely the thing you need, but there is no set expressions not implying something else. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2017-09-06T15:10:01.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14998" CreationDate="2017-09-06T15:12:36.373" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The thing is that in this particular case the word &lt;code&gt;соответственно&lt;/code&gt; is omitted, which is perfectly valid per se but it complicates understanding for a non-native speaker. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Think of this phrase like of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Действующий и будущий регуляторы отрасли — Минфин и ЦБ&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;соответственно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — согласовали проект реформы аудита в России.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which can be translated to something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Present and soon-to-be industry controllers - Minfin and CB&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;accordingly&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-06T15:37:23.790" LastActivityDate="2017-09-06T15:37:23.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14985" CreationDate="2017-09-06T18:14:34.313" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are number of ways of addressing people, and they are all appropriate in different situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FIRST NAME only - &quot;Иван, подойди сюда&quot; - not formal, very common form of address between people with some familiarity - relatives, friends, colleagues. Does not imply respect or disrespect;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;LAST NAME only - &quot;Иванов, подойди сюда&quot; - more formal, common form of address in larger groups (class, military unit, etc.). Implies formality and NO particular respect. To imply respect, one has to use rank/position with the last name (&quot;Капитан Иванов&quot;, &quot;Токарь Петров&quot;). There are also niche uses - for example between kids in a class, or sometimes even between spouses. In those niches, Last Name Only form is informal and respect-neutral;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;LAST NAME + FIRST NAME - &quot;Сидоров Иван, ваша очередь&quot; - Very formal, traditional. This is not like people are usually addressed, but this is how names typically appear in lists. Does not imply respect or disrespect;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FIRST NAME + LAST NAME - &quot;Иван Сидоров, подойдите сюда&quot; - formal, but not very formal. This is how people usually present themselves. Often used in larger groups when first name is not sufficient and last name has to be added to it;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FIRST NAME + PATRONYMIC - &quot;Иван Иванович, подойдите сюда&quot; - very traditional, not formal, implies respect. Common to address older people, or people with seniority (supervisor, teacher). This form is virtually never used between younger people. It it usually happens that younger speaker would address older one as &quot;FN + P&quot;, but the older one would call the younger one by the first name only;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;FIRST NAME + PATRONYMIC + LAST NAME - &quot;Иван Иванович Сидоров, ваша очередь&quot; - traditional, respectful, even somewhat ceremonial. People would not call each other like that in a dialogue, but would refer to a lesser known third person in this form;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;LAST NAME + FIRST NAME + PATRONYMIC - &quot;Сидоров Иван Иванович, ваша очередь&quot; - less used variation of #6 (FN + P + LN). Typical for official use, in lists and documents, this form of address is never used in common conversation;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;DIMINUTIVE FIRST NAME - &quot;Ваня, подойди сюда&quot; - typical form of address for children, relatives and close friends. Never used in official language (unless diminutive form is the legal name), and if used outside the appropriate range of use (to address a lesser known colleague, for example), can be considered offensive. Autocratic bosses may have a tendency to call their subordinates by DFN;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;PATRONYMIC only - &quot;Иваныч, подойди сюда&quot; - informal, familiar, appropriate form for older people to address each other, but only well-known ones and not close relatives. Never used officially. Also it is important to notice that in this case shortened patronymics are used: &quot;Иваныч&quot;, not &quot;Иванович&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2017-09-08T16:42:59.300" LastActivityDate="2017-09-08T16:42:59.300" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14689" CreationDate="2017-09-07T12:05:52.533" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I watched the video and found it a bit confusing even for a native speaker. She is trying to explain rules for forming plurals in the Nominative case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Judging from the content of the video, what you are referring to as 'noun number' is simply singular and plural forms. Thus, for the purposes of this particular lesson noun number and nominative plural form are the same. However, you should not forget that Russian uses cases, therefore, plural forms change depending on a case. But, I suppose, it was going to be explained in further lessons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think these pages provide a better explanation of the rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianlessons.net/lessons/lesson11_main.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.russianlessons.net/lessons/lesson11_main.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianforeveryone.com/Rufe/Lessons/Course1/Grammar/GramUnit2/GramUnit2_1.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.russianforeveryone.com/Rufe/Lessons/Course1/Grammar/GramUnit2/GramUnit2_1.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9128" LastActivityDate="2017-09-07T12:05:52.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15007" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15008" CreationDate="2017-09-07T14:31:57.600" Score="5" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Rachmaninov's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.belcanto.ru/or-rachmaninov-bdenie.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vespers&lt;/a&gt;, I stumbled upon this line:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ныне отпущаеш&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; раба Твоего...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which should mean &quot;Now you dismiss your servant&quot;. (It's a quote from Bible, that's how I know.) What baffles me here is the -и ending that I marked in bold. I would be expecting &quot;отпущаеш&lt;strong&gt;ь&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; instead. Where does that -и come from? Is it just an archaic ending no longer in use? (Since it's a biblical quote, it could very well be.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P. S.: I don't really know Russian. I understand it just by being able to read Cyrillic and relate to my native language of Czech, which happens to be Slavic as well. Hence I'm sorry if I missed something basic in here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8432" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-07T16:19:20.073" LastActivityDate="2017-09-07T17:59:03.230" Title="Where does the -и ending in &quot;Ныне отпущаеши...&quot; come from?" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15007" CreationDate="2017-09-07T14:39:41.837" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes it's the archaic form&lt;/strong&gt;. In Old Russian it had been the form for the second person (one that is used with &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt;) - roughly speaking where we now have &lt;code&gt;шь&lt;/code&gt; in modern Russian it was &lt;code&gt;ши&lt;/code&gt;. in Old Russian (or &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_East_Slavic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Old East Slavic&lt;/a&gt;, whatever you name it). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/H3muv.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/H3muv.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side-note, when I was a kid and first time heard &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Камо грядеши&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; it sounded very exotic and unfamiliar to me, my first thought was even this is, don't know, Japanese or something like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-07T17:59:03.230" LastActivityDate="2017-09-07T17:59:03.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14985" CreationDate="2017-09-09T13:25:07.053" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;По имени (Пётр) и отчеству (Иванович) мы обращаемся к более старшим по возрасту, должности, к малознакомым людям. Это можно наблюдать в образовательных учреждениях, при обращении ученика к учителю. &#xA;По полному имени (Пётр) обращаются к человеку крайне редко, приоритетнее по имени и отчеству (Пётр Иванович).&#xA;По краткому имени (Петя) мы обращаемся к родным (но маму, папу и бабушку называем мамой, папой и бабушкой, а не по имени), к близким, друзьям, младшим по возрасту.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9485" LastActivityDate="2017-09-09T13:25:07.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15010" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15011" CreationDate="2017-09-10T03:12:51.263" Score="14" ViewCount="631" Body="&lt;p&gt;San Francisco, Сан-Франциско in Russian, is a Spanish name meaning &quot;Saint Francis&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Сан in the city name is a direct phonetic adoption, but the Франциско differs from the Spanish in the inclusion of the &lt;code&gt;ц&lt;/code&gt;. It seems to me that with  modern transliteration norms the city's name would be spelled Сан-Франсиско.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the &lt;code&gt;ц&lt;/code&gt; came from the Italian name of the saint himself, Francesco d'Assisi, already adopted as Франциск Ассизский. Still, at least for the modern Italian pronunciation, a &lt;code&gt;Ч&lt;/code&gt; seems a better match than the &lt;code&gt;ц&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How did the &lt;code&gt;ц&lt;/code&gt; get into these names?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="8359" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T19:12:14.563" LastActivityDate="2019-05-14T12:39:14.603" Title="Why is there a &quot;ц&quot; in &quot;Сан-Франциско&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15010" CreationDate="2017-09-10T11:44:10.450" Score="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you can notice nobody calls in Russian Francesco d'Assisi Франческо д'Ассизи - and I'm not saying this in ironical way. For instance, Leonardo da Vinci is indeed called &lt;code&gt;Леонардо да Винчи&lt;/code&gt;. The thing is that traditions of transliterating names are not straightforward - some names are transliterated more or less at they &quot;are&quot;, some names - do not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This holds true even for the name originally coming from the same source language. For instance, in Russian we refer French kings named Henri as &lt;code&gt;Генрих&lt;/code&gt; though actually one rather can expect them to be named &lt;code&gt;Анри&lt;/code&gt;. The same with &lt;code&gt;Карл&lt;/code&gt; - who quite often were actually Charles (Шарль). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time we have &lt;code&gt;Эркюль Пуаро&lt;/code&gt;, not Геркулес Пуаро. Or &lt;code&gt;Артюр Рембо&lt;/code&gt;, but not Артур Рембо. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because names of some historical persons come for us through some other mediator language. In case of &lt;code&gt;Карл&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Генрих&lt;/code&gt; it obviously was German. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of &lt;code&gt;Франциск&lt;/code&gt; it was actually Latin - in Latin it's Franciscus - strictly speaking we don't know for sure how &lt;code&gt;ci&lt;/code&gt; is supposed to be read in Latin. In fact, even in modern Italian to my knowledge there are some dialects where &lt;code&gt;c&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;code&gt;ci&lt;/code&gt; is pronounced rather as /t͡s/ than /tɕ/. There are different traditions of pronouncing Latin words - one of them to pronounce &lt;code&gt;сi&lt;/code&gt; as /t͡si/ - and this is actually a German tradition of Latin pronunciation. Here's an excerpt from the Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_regional_pronunciation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; dedicated to this issue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XVw7H.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XVw7H.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically German school of pronunciation of Latin words was widely adopted in Russia. This how San Francisco ended to be &lt;code&gt;Сан-Франциско&lt;/code&gt; in Russian. It comes from that times when even Francis Drake who's now &lt;code&gt;Френсис Дрейк&lt;/code&gt; was referred as:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NnSvs.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NnSvs.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-14T12:39:14.603" LastActivityDate="2019-05-14T12:39:14.603" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15012" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15013" CreationDate="2017-09-10T16:06:48.333" Score="6" ViewCount="293" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is &quot;До&quot; sometimes said as &quot;da&quot; (in 'До скорого') but sometimes as &quot;do&quot; (as in 'до свидания'). Is there a rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8725" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-10T17:55:39.123" LastActivityDate="2017-09-10T22:00:35.130" Title="Multiple pronunciation of &quot;до&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15012" CreationDate="2017-09-10T16:18:48.717" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;The two-degree vowel reduction model ignores word boundaries for prepositions. In &lt;strong&gt;до ско́рого&lt;/strong&gt;, the preposition is treated as a pre-emphatic syllable, and so becomes [dɐ]; in &lt;strong&gt;до свида́ния&lt;/strong&gt;, it's a plain unstressed syllable, hence [də].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can carry stress, ['do], when semantically emphasised: &lt;strong&gt;факты надо было проверять &lt;em&gt;до&lt;/em&gt; публикации&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;[you] should've fact-checked &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; publishing&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-09-10T16:18:48.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15014" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15012" CreationDate="2017-09-10T16:33:35.413" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;До&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced exactly the same in 'до ско́рого' and 'до свида́ния'. As @Nikolay_Ershov already mentioned, prepositions are normally treated as part of the following word, as far as stress and vowel reduction are concerned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in a deliberately slow and clear speech (as that of a teacher) prepositions can be singled out and bear stress of their own: до́ свида́ния. Then &lt;strong&gt;до&lt;/strong&gt; will sound like the stressed [do] and not a reduced [də].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-09-10T16:33:35.413" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15012" CreationDate="2017-09-10T17:32:47.593" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule is simple - &lt;strong&gt;unstressed &lt;code&gt;o&lt;/code&gt; in modern Russian is not pronounced as [o] but rather as [a]&lt;/strong&gt; or [ɐ] or [ə] - well, roughly speaking as &quot;a&quot;. It's a special case of vowel reduction in Russian and this special case even has a separate name - it's called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;аканье&quot;&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other answers provided gave a nice overview of when it can still be pronounced closer to &quot;до&quot; - but it will be an excusable simplification - at least for beginners - to stick to &quot;o&quot; -&gt; &quot;a&quot; rule. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-10T22:00:35.130" LastActivityDate="2017-09-10T22:00:35.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15016" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15018" CreationDate="2017-09-10T19:02:09.987" Score="5" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Какое количество национальностей проживает...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я встречал это предложение и у меня есть вопрос. Правильно ли писать:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Какое количество национальностей проживают...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;потому что количество относится ко многим объектам или народам?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9119" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-09-11T13:54:10.790" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T13:54:10.790" Title="Cопряжение глагола с существительным неопределенного количества" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15016" CreationDate="2017-09-11T09:14:50.663" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Strictly speaking, actually the correct form would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Каково количество национальностей, проживающих в ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &lt;code&gt;каково&lt;/code&gt; de-facto it's admittedly getting slightly obsolete, so I can imagine one can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сколько национальностей проживает в ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;though &lt;code&gt;какое количество национальностей проживает&lt;/code&gt; is also acceptable. As of &quot;какое количество национальностей проживают&quot; - well, yes, I can not claim that you'll never see phrase built this way but it would be a clear indicator that author's is far from mastering an expertise in writing in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-09-11T09:14:50.663" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14948" CreationDate="2017-09-13T23:18:07.543" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule is which form of a noun specific preposition requires. The preposition &quot;у&quot; requires genetive case of a noun. That is девочки/девочек for girl/girls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9500" LastActivityDate="2017-09-13T23:18:07.543" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15021" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15022" CreationDate="2017-09-14T10:15:23.817" Score="6" ViewCount="708" Body="&lt;p&gt;For me, the pronunciation of some words that end with 'ы' sound like they end with 'э', like 'газеты' or 'журналы', but others don't, like 'столы'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the reason for this? Do we say always 'э' when it 'ы' is unstressed and at the end of the word? Would we otherwise say 'ы'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8725" LastEditorUserId="9119" LastEditDate="2017-09-24T08:27:08.957" LastActivityDate="2017-09-24T08:27:08.957" Title="Words ending with 'ы'" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15021" CreationDate="2017-09-14T13:39:07.297" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, it's easy to check. So, you are saying  that &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt; sound like &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt; so why not just substitute and repeat two-three times, loud and clear and &lt;em&gt;slowly&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;code&gt;газетэ&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;журналэ&lt;/code&gt;. Does it sound right to you - well, it's clearly not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you do actually hear is that &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt; is reduced when it's not under stress (like in столы) - you hear a very short vowel which is still not &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt; nevertheless. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In fact there's a name for that particular vowel - it's called&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;шва&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. In Russian it exists only in this ultrashort form that one can hear only in unstressed form - that's the reason why this vowel, which is actually one of the most frequent in Russian is not well known - native speakers just don't realize they pronounce it at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether we can treat this vowel as sort of short &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt; is subject to discussion - it's complicated - in fact there are some linguists who don't believe we have such phoneme in Russian (they claim it to be just an indicator that preceding consonant is non-palatalized), some others don't agree with them - check out &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/132/is-there-a-word-that-starts-with-%D1%8B/141&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt; for instance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what we can state though is that reduced variables are so short that it's extremely hard to tell them apart, that's for sure. It's similar to how &lt;code&gt;жена&lt;/code&gt; sort of sounds like &lt;code&gt;жына&lt;/code&gt; with a very short &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt;. Or &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;. Or &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt; - you got the idea :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-15T07:41:59.227" LastActivityDate="2017-09-15T07:41:59.227" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15023" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15025" CreationDate="2017-09-14T23:23:37.753" Score="7" ViewCount="504" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently came upon the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Он занят.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I usually do when I come across a verb I'm not familiar with, I look it up to find out what the infinitive for it is.  I usually use Wiktionary and this time was no different.  What confused me is what I found at Wiktionary, an image of which you will find below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/Qzd6irw.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, &quot;занят&quot; is not listed (because it is not a conjugation of a verb).  So then, I got to thinking that &quot;занят&quot; was an adjective, but the closest adjective I could find was &quot;занятой.&quot;  I decided to take a look at its declension chart, thinking that perhaps &quot;занят&quot; might be a short form of &quot;занятой.&quot;  As you can see from the chart, I was wrong:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/Dc7bJQu.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I was a bit confused looking at that chart because it says, &quot;no short forms&quot; at the top, but clearly one is shown for the feminine.  Is this correct, and if so, are there many adjectives in Russian that only have a feminine short form?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By this point, I was even more puzzled by this word, so I set it aside and came back to it later.  This time around, I stumbled upon another similar adjective that also means &quot;busy&quot; -- занятый.  And this time, I found the word in the declension chart:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/pZFRCcy.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So now I know that &quot;занят&quot; is one of those past participles that can be used as an adjective, but still one question remains: &lt;strong&gt;What is the difference between &quot;занятый&quot; and &quot;занятой&quot;?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T08:03:33.477" Title="What is the difference between &quot;занятый&quot; and &quot;занятой&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15023" CreationDate="2017-09-15T00:07:11.777" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Answering purely from my language feeling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;занятый&lt;/code&gt; is occupied. As in, he has a lot of things to do now.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;занятой&lt;/code&gt; has a feel of colloquial or regional speech, but also a a feel of permanency. He is &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; occupied.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Consider also that there is a further way of saying it: &lt;code&gt;он занят&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for infinitive, &lt;code&gt;занять&lt;/code&gt; means not only being occupied, but also &quot;to loan&quot;. You might want to look up if the subject is &quot;alive&quot;, i.e. does it answer the question &quot;who&quot; or &quot;what&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2017-09-15T00:07:11.777" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15023" CreationDate="2017-09-15T08:06:38.273" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are quite a few similar adjective pairs in Russian: ра́звитый/развито́й, запа́сный/запасно́й, вре́менный/временно́й, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both запа́сный and запасно́й mean the same thing, 'spare'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вре́менный means 'temporary' and временно́й means 'temporal', 'time-related'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Занято́й means 'busy' and за́нятый means 'taken' or 'borrowed'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ме́сто за́нято. - The seat is taken.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of people use заня́ть, за́нятый to mean 'lend', 'lent' but this meaning is new and is not recognised by dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most adjectives ending in -ой don't have short forms: голубо́й, делово́й. That's why Wiktionary says занято́й has no short forms. But that's not quite true. Being close to за́нятый,  занято́й sort of borrowed short forms from за́нятый and thus to say 'I'm busy' you would use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я за́нят, if you are a man and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я занята́, if you are a woman.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The conjugation table for заня́ть is not complete and only lists the full form of the past participle: за́нятый. The short forms are: за́нят, занята́, за́нято, за́няты, just like for the adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since most words forming an -ый/-ой pair have similar or related meanings, one may wonder how did занято́й and за́нятый get to mean such different things, 'busy' and 'borrowed'? If you look close enough, you may see that the archetypal meaning of all -нять verbs is 'to take', with the various prefixes denoting more concrete ways of taking:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;снять - to take off,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;подня́ть - to pick up,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;поня́ть - to understand, to grasp the meaning of something &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;заня́ть - to borrow,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;приня́ть - to accept, etc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So when we say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он за́нят рабо́той.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literally we say 'he is taken by work' which just means he is busy working. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-09-18T08:03:33.477" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T08:03:33.477" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15026" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15027" CreationDate="2017-09-16T01:26:28.147" Score="3" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;While doing an exercise in the Russian textbook &lt;a href=&quot;https://goo.gl/H5GdTS&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ТРОЙКА&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, I came upon the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Этот велоcипед на 100 долларов дешевле, чем тот велосипед.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (This bicycle is cheaper than that bicycle by 100 dollars.)*  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;*The book doesn't actually provide a translation; what you see is my best translation of the Russian you see above it.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exercise just uses numerals, so I didn't really have to worry about declension (other than whether or not &quot;доллар&quot; should be &quot;доллар,&quot; &quot;доллара,&quot; or &quot;долларов,&quot; but if you keep reading, you'll see that I question this later on).  As I was doing the exercise, I got to wondering how I would say these sentences I was creating.  &lt;strong&gt;Specifically, I was wondering how you decline the numeral.&lt;/strong&gt;  My first instinct is to think that this requires the prepositional case because there is no movement here and as I understand it, the preposition &quot;на&quot; only takes one of either of those two cases -- the accusative or the prepositional.  I could not find this specifically stated with regard to this &quot;на&quot; plus numeral construct, however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I am also unsure of the case that &quot;доллар&quot; should take.&lt;/strong&gt;  It's my understanding that for all cases other than the nominative and accusative, the case for the adjective (or in this case numeral acting as adjective) and the noun that follows it, simply follow ordinary rules for case declension.  But, I have not read or seen that specifically with this construction using &quot;на,&quot; and clearly, the example from the book is not using it (otherwise it would be &quot;на 100 долларах,&quot; correct?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I have come to this forum to see if someone here can clear up the confusion on this for me.  I'm even going to type up a few sentences using the long form of the numeral to see if my assumptions are correct.  Those examples follow:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Эта книга на одном долларе дешевле, чем та книга.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(This book is cheaper than that book by one dollar.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Эта сковорода на пятнадцати долларах дешевле, чем та сковорода.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(This frying pan is cheaper than that frying pan by fifteen dollars.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Этот совок на двенадцати долларах дешевле, чем тот совок.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(This dustpan is cheaper than that dustpan by twelve dollars.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Это радио на ста долларах дешевле, чем то радио.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(This radio is cheaper than that radio by one hundred dollars.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Эта микроволновка на двухстах долларах дешевле, чем та микроволновка.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(This microwave is cheaper than that microwave by two hundred dollars.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Эта плита на тысяче* пятистах долларах дешевле, чем та плита.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(This oven is cheaper than that oven by one thousand, five hundred dollars.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;*I am assuming that both &quot;тысяча&quot; and &quot;пятьсот&quot; require declension.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, is my understanding of this construct correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As always, I appreciate any answers to this question, especially since the practical applications of a construct like this are likely to be a bit higher than most.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastActivityDate="2017-09-16T04:09:34.450" Title="What case do numbers take in constructions where they are preceded by &quot;на&quot;?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15026" CreationDate="2017-09-16T03:49:07.740" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;After &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; you've got to put the following &lt;em&gt;numeral&lt;/em&gt; into the &lt;strong&gt;accusative case&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The noun that follows the numeral is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in the &lt;strong&gt;accusative case singular&lt;/strong&gt; if the numeral ends in 1 except for those that end in 11 (i.e. after 1, 21, 31, 41 ... 101, 121, 131, etc.):&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Этот велоcипед на 1 (один) доллар дешевле, чем тот велосипед.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;В этом доме на 1 (одно) окно меньше, чем в том доме.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;В этом классе на 1 (одну) девочку меньше, чем в том классе.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;В этом классе на 1 (одного) мальчика меньше, чем в том классе.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in the &lt;strong&gt;genitive case &lt;em&gt;singular&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; after the numerals ending in 2, 3, 4:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Этот велоcипед на 2 (два) доллара дешевле, чем тот велосипед.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;В этом классе на 2 (две) девочки меньше, чем в том классе.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in the &lt;strong&gt;genitive case &lt;em&gt;plural&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; after the the rest of the numerals:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Этот велоcипед на 6 (шесть) долларов дешевле, чем тот велосипед.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;В этом классе на 6 (шесть) девочек меньше, чем в том классе.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, the nominative and accusative case of the Russian numerals are the same except when they end in 1, but not in 11. Here, with the inanimate masculine and neuter nouns like &lt;em&gt;доллар&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;окно&lt;/em&gt; numeral 1 has its &lt;strong&gt;acc.&lt;/strong&gt;=&lt;strong&gt;nom.&lt;/strong&gt; (один/одно), with the animate masculine nouns have their &lt;strong&gt;acc.&lt;/strong&gt;=&lt;strong&gt;gen.&lt;/strong&gt; (одного), and the animate feminine nouns it has a special &lt;strong&gt;acc.&lt;/strong&gt; form, одну.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2017-09-16T03:49:07.740" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15026" CreationDate="2017-09-16T04:03:33.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's a very interesting question. Itried to analyse the sentence and I came to the following conclusions. First, if you want to be sure what case is used, try to use a noun in the same construction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;100 долларов=сумма. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На сколько /на какую &lt;strong&gt;сумму&lt;/strong&gt; (accusative ) один велосипед дороже другого?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So now it's clear that the numeral takes the accusative case &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;на один,одного,одно,одну, два,две,три, четыре, сто, тысячу,пятьсот etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for nouns they always depend on the previous numeral &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;на один рубль,доллар, на два/три/четыре рубля,доллара(genitive singular),пять/шесть/сто/пятьсот/тысячу рублей, долларов (genitive plural )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And that's all. As simple as that.Your first example is correct. But all other examples need correction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эта плита на тысячу пятьсот (accusative ) долларов (genitive plural) дешевле, чем та.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-09-16T04:09:34.450" LastActivityDate="2017-09-16T04:09:34.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15029" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15030" CreationDate="2017-09-16T06:14:38.393" Score="3" ViewCount="503" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've known the Russian word &lt;strong&gt;&quot;много&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; for some time now, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;намного&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; a little less long, and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;гораздо&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; only very recently.  I am now beginning to wonder if there are any subtle differences between them or any situations in which you would not use one or the other(s).  As far as I can tell, of the three, &quot;много&quot; is, far and away, the most common, followed by &quot;намного&quot; and then &quot;гораздо.&quot;  Also, are any more formal/colloquial than the other(s)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastActivityDate="2017-09-16T09:42:45.073" Title="Are there any major differences between &quot;много,&quot; &quot;намного,&quot; and &quot;гораздо&quot; or are they completely interchangeable?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15029" CreationDate="2017-09-16T07:37:58.190" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Много&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; means both 'many' and 'much' when they are used before nouns, in Russian there's no difference between these two words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;много друзей&lt;/em&gt; - 'many friends';&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;много денег&lt;/em&gt; - 'much money'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;намного&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;гораздо&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; both mean 'much', but not in the meaning I mentioned above. They are used before adjectives in the comparative degree and mean enhancing the quality named by the adjective:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;намного/гораздо сильнее&lt;/em&gt; - 'much stronger'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;намного/гораздо быстрее&lt;/em&gt; - 'much faster'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;намного/гораздо больше&lt;/em&gt; - 'much bigger', 'much more'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's practically no difference between &lt;strong&gt;&quot;намного&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;гораздо&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, they are practically complete synonyms, but their difference from &lt;strong&gt;&quot;много&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is substantial. As for me, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;гораздо&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; sounds a bit more colloquial than &lt;strong&gt;&quot;намного&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; which is neutral, but that can be subjective. And you're right, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;намного&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is used more often than &lt;strong&gt;&quot;гораздо&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-09-16T07:52:46.307" LastActivityDate="2017-09-16T07:52:46.307" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15029" CreationDate="2017-09-16T09:33:08.420" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to add up something to the given answer. While &quot;гораздо&quot; and &quot;намного&quot;  are indeed almost identical, sometime first word is more appropriate to use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's better not to use &quot;намного&quot; with words with the same root and antonyms. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So forms like &lt;code&gt;гораздо многообразней&lt;/code&gt;  or &lt;code&gt;гораздо меньше&lt;/code&gt; are preferable compared to &lt;code&gt;намного многообразней&lt;/code&gt; - this sounds tautological - or &lt;code&gt;намного меньше&lt;/code&gt; - this can sound confusing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-16T09:42:45.073" LastActivityDate="2017-09-16T09:42:45.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15033" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15034" CreationDate="2017-09-17T07:53:28.213" Score="6" ViewCount="605" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a lot to learn about Russian verb usage and structure, but at least I've been introduced and somewhat understand the difference between the perfective and imperfective aspect of a verb.  Early on, I came across something that encouraged learning each imperfective aspect of a verb along with its perfective counterpart, saw the good sense in that, and have been trying to apply that advice ever since.  Because of this, &lt;strong&gt;I had thought that every verb in the Russian language had an imperfective and perfective pairing.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That all changed today when I went to look up the word &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;значить.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  Having been one of the first words I learned in Russian, I've never bothered to look it up, but when I looked it up in Wiktionary today, I noticed that Wiktionary, which is usually pretty thorough, did not provide any perfective counterpart for this verb.  Does this mean it doesn't have one?  And if so, are there many verbs in Russian that don't have an aspectual pairing?  In other words do many verbs in Russian have just an imperfective aspect or perfective aspect, but not both?  Is there a list somewhere?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T10:02:51.223" Title="Do all verbs in Russian have both an imperfective and perfective aspect?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15033" CreationDate="2017-09-17T14:03:07.923" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There aren't many Russian verbs without a perfective counterpart. This site discourages asking and answering posts about making word lists, so I will just name some of those verbs and try to define what they have in common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you know, perfective verbs name actions that are seen as either having a beginning, &lt;code&gt;|→&lt;/code&gt;, e.g. &lt;em&gt;пойти&lt;/em&gt; ('to start going, to depart, to set off') or having an end, &lt;code&gt;→|&lt;/code&gt;, e.g. &lt;em&gt;прийти&lt;/em&gt; ('to come and stay, to arrive'). But if we look at the meaning of the verb &lt;em&gt;значить&lt;/em&gt; 'to mean', we can see it designates a state which does not have any beginning or end, or, if it can even have one, it is irrelevant in 99.99% of cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other &amp;quot;perfectiveless&amp;quot; verbs are also of this kind, they usually have existential meaning, they name the states which are timeless or eternal, without borders in time. Here are some of them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;находиться&lt;/strong&gt; 'to be situated': Остров Шри-Ланка находится возле Индии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;состоять (из)&lt;/strong&gt; 'to consist (of)': Молекулы состоят из атомов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;существовать&lt;/strong&gt; 'to exist': Существует несколько изотопов водорода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;являться&lt;/strong&gt; 'to be': Осьминог является моллюском.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that most of these verbs have many meanings, and in other meanings they do have perfective counterparts. For example, &lt;em&gt;находиться&lt;/em&gt; can also mean 'to be found (after having been lost); ', and in this meaning its perfective pair is &lt;em&gt;найтись&lt;/em&gt;, like in &lt;em&gt;Ну что, ваша собака нашлась?&lt;/em&gt; 'Well, have you found your [lost] dog?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-09-17T16:58:38.713" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15033" CreationDate="2017-09-18T10:02:51.223" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some verbs that do not have imperfective counterpart: f.e. &lt;em&gt;уцелеть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some verbs that do not have perfective counterpart: &lt;em&gt;находиться, существовать&lt;/em&gt; (s. the other answer).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And there are some verbs that need context to become imperfective or perfective:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;обследовать&lt;/strong&gt;: Врач уже обследовал меня (perfective). Врач обследовал меня целых три часа (imperfective).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;жениться&lt;/strong&gt;: В прошлом месяце я женился (perfective). Он женился каждые два года (imperfective).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;These lists are not exaustive, there are only verbs I could think of now.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T10:02:51.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15037" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15039" CreationDate="2017-09-18T10:56:54.257" Score="4" ViewCount="217" Body="&lt;p&gt;A colleague of mine asked me to record the text of the prayer for her band to learn. I want to make sure I do it right. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the words «да святится имя Твое» — is the last letter е or ё?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-18T12:30:47.160" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T12:58:37.457" Title="«Да святится имя Твое» or «Да святится имя Твоё»?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;буква-ё&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15037" CreationDate="2017-09-18T11:32:47.930" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the church they traditionally pronounce it with &quot;е&quot;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/-cueR_3HVR0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/-cueR_3HVR0&lt;/a&gt; (1:25).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, Wikipedia has an &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;entry&lt;/a&gt; for this. There you can find several versions of the text (from ancient to modern Russian) with е/ё explicitly marked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastEditorUserId="9001" LastEditDate="2017-09-18T11:47:59.230" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T11:47:59.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15037" CreationDate="2017-09-18T12:42:37.380" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The liturgical language of Russian Orthodox Church is not Russian but &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Slavonic_language&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Church Slavonic&lt;/a&gt;. Church Slavonic is a codified version of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Old Church Slavonic&lt;/a&gt;, which technically is not even a direct ancestor of Russian but noticeably &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;influenced&lt;/a&gt; Russian.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Church Slavonic there's no such thing like &quot;ё&quot;. Technically «да святится имя Твое» is a valid Russian phrase and the same time a valid Old Church Slavonic. In the latter case it's pronounced with stressed &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt;. If you say it in Russian it's perfectly valid to say &quot;твоё&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditionally though it's pronounced as 'твое' by people close to church but not necessarily even knowing Church Slavonic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-09-18T12:58:37.457" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T12:58:37.457" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15040" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15041" CreationDate="2017-09-18T14:44:27.327" Score="4" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English one writes a label in plural if the answer might possibly be plural, even if it happens to be singular in the actual instance, as in “Houses: 1.” Is this how labels are typically written in Russian? Which case is used? Is the genitive plural used for a label like that, or does the genitive in a label imply English “of” the same as it does in a sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’m trying to translate this modern transcription of an 1897 document (presumably « » indicates a direct quote and the rest is a summary):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В переписных листах Первой всеобщей переписи населения Российской империи 1897 года значится семья Иванова Ивана Ивановича, проживавшая в собственном дворе (во дворе жилых строений – 1, «построено и крыто – деревом»).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the genitive plural of жилых строений imply that (a) there was more than one residential structure in the homestead, of which the Ivanov family owned the first one (and other families owned the others), or (b) there no implication that there is more than one structure: there might be one or might be more?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Ivan Ivanovich Ivanov family is listed in the first general population census of the Russian Empire in 1897. They owned their own residence. (Of the residential structures in the homestead: they lived in the 1st, which was built and roofed with wood.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or (c) жилых строений is a label asking how many structures there are, and the answer is 1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Ivan Ivanovich Ivanov family is listed in the first general population census of the Russian Empire in 1897. They owned their own residence. (Residential structures in the homestead: 1, built and roofed with wood.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5818" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T15:22:48.897" Title="Case and number of words in a label (as opposed to words in a sentence)" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15040" CreationDate="2017-09-18T15:09:07.257" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's (c). &quot;Жилых строений:&quot; is a label and &quot;1&quot; is the exact quantity. Yes, genitive plural is normally used for the noun. However, the numeral is in the nominative, agreeing with the noun in gender and number, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ножей: 2 (два)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вилок: 2 (две)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ложек: 1 (одна)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ножниц: 1 (одни)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ножницы&lt;/strong&gt; (scissors) are &lt;em&gt;pluralia tantum&lt;/em&gt; and thus &lt;strong&gt;один&lt;/strong&gt; has to be plural as well (&lt;strong&gt;одни&lt;/strong&gt;). Remarkable, isn't it? Russian has plural for the numeral 'one'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-09-18T15:22:48.897" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T15:22:48.897" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15042" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15044" CreationDate="2017-09-18T15:25:13.153" Score="2" ViewCount="976" Body="&lt;p&gt;Свою (his accusative?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его (his) - его + something = his something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нем (him) - я думаю о нем ? (prepositional him?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Него (genitive) - у него ....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ему (dative) - ему один лет (it's the only use I saw)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1- What kind of his is Его? Why do we have to use свою while saying &quot;Он любит свою маму&quot; because свою is accusative &quot;his&quot;? If it is what is его then?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2- Can't we say он двадцать лет, instead of ему? Would it sound weird?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;note (i'm studying with duolingo, it doesn't exactly give any thorough explanation)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9443" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-18T16:51:51.457" LastActivityDate="2017-09-20T02:35:46.480" Title="Свою, его, него, ему - what's the difference?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2017-09-27T13:50:30.440" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15042" CreationDate="2017-09-18T16:09:48.920" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's a lot of things packed into one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You can also say &lt;strong&gt;я люблю свою маму&lt;/strong&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;ты любишь свою маму&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Свой&lt;/strong&gt; is the universal reflexive. It means &quot;the sentence subject's own&quot;. &lt;strong&gt;Он любит его маму&lt;/strong&gt; would mean &quot;he (e.g. John) loves his (e.g. Pete's) mom&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;он двадцать лет&lt;/strong&gt; would be an unfinished statement: &quot;for twenty years, he...&quot; You can't say &quot;he's twenty&quot; this way for the same reason you can't say &quot;him is twenty&quot; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh and by the way, &lt;strong&gt;ему один год&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;strong&gt;его&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;него&lt;/strong&gt; can be genitive as well as accusative. The &lt;strong&gt;н-&lt;/strong&gt; has nothing to do with case; it appears after a preposition. The reason is similar to how &quot;an eke name&quot; turned into &quot;a nickname&quot;, or &quot;mine Ed&quot; =&gt; &quot;my Ned&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Proto-Slavic prepositions &lt;strong&gt;*kъn&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;to&quot; and &lt;strong&gt;*sъn&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;with&quot; became &lt;strong&gt;*kъ&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;*sъ&lt;/strong&gt;, but kept their old forms before third-person pronouns; this led to things like &lt;strong&gt;*kъn jemu&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;to him&quot; and &lt;strong&gt;*sъn jimъ&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;with him&quot; being reinterpreted as &lt;strong&gt;*kъ njemu&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;*sъ njimъ&lt;/strong&gt;, and then, much like with &quot;Ned&quot; and &quot;Nelly&quot;,  it was generalised to &lt;em&gt;every&lt;/em&gt; occurrence of those pronoun forms after a preposition, even the ones that didn't have that disappearing N.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-09-18T16:09:48.920" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15042" CreationDate="2017-09-19T05:04:12.797" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;1.&#xA;Свой is generally translated as &quot;own&quot; i.e. «Я люблю &lt;strong&gt;свою&lt;/strong&gt; кошку» - &quot;I love &lt;strong&gt;my own&lt;/strong&gt; cat&quot;. It almost always refers to the subject of the &lt;em&gt;clause&lt;/em&gt; owning the modified object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is required for third person when the subject owns the object in the clause. (Don't use её, его, or их if the subject owns the object) and is interchangeable in first and second person with мой, ваш, and наш. It is preffered with Ты instead of твой but use of твой is not wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Be careful in multi-clause sentences&lt;/em&gt; because it always refers to the subject of the clause it is in, not any other clause. i.e. «Она забыла, где &lt;strong&gt;её&lt;/strong&gt; кошка» calls for её not своя in the second clause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It declines the same as мой. i.e своего is the genitive. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9#Declension_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the declension table&lt;/a&gt; under the wiktionary entry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No you cannot say &lt;strong&gt;он двадцать лет.&lt;/strong&gt; Russian doesn't state age in this manner. Correct form: &lt;strong&gt;ему двадцать лет.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9119" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2017-09-20T02:35:46.480" LastActivityDate="2017-09-20T02:35:46.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15047" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15049" CreationDate="2017-09-19T07:56:06.657" Score="1" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты хорошо понимаешь &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;-английски?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты хорошо понимаешь английский?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen (1) in some Russian books I came across through an &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%8C%20%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;online search&lt;/a&gt;, but literally it does not make sense (although it might be a phrase).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen Russians use (2) a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Which one is correct?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both? If so, what is the difference in the meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5584" LastEditorUserId="5584" LastEditDate="2017-09-19T08:01:30.833" LastActivityDate="2017-09-19T14:09:02.430" Title="Понимаешь по-английски?" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-09-19T11:05:41.350" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15047" CreationDate="2017-09-19T08:07:08.427" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both are correct and there is no difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first means literally&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do you understand (&lt;em&gt;something written or spoken&lt;/em&gt;) in English well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the second means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do you understand English (&lt;em&gt;language&lt;/em&gt;) well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-09-19T08:09:33.830" LastActivityDate="2017-09-19T08:09:33.830" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15047" CreationDate="2017-09-19T09:21:40.577" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;По-английски means &quot;the English way&quot;, по-спортивному means &quot;the sport way/style&quot; по-дружески means &quot;the friendly way/style&quot;, по-военному means &quot;the military way/style&quot;, по-братски means &quot;the brotherly way&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &quot;Ты хорошо понимаешь по-английски?&quot; literally means &quot;Do you understand [something said/wrttten] the English way well?&quot; while &quot;Ты хорошо понимаешь английский?&quot; means &quot;Do you understand English [language] well?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По-английски can mean other things done in English way as well &quot;он ушёл по-английски&quot; literally means &quot;he went away in English style&quot; but ideomatically it means &quot;he went away without saying goodbye&quot;. Мясо по-французски means &quot;meat prepared in French style&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-09-19T14:09:02.430" LastActivityDate="2017-09-19T14:09:02.430" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15042" CreationDate="2017-09-19T17:06:54.123" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let us consider the sentence: &quot;John is washing his car.&quot; Whose car is it? John's? Another man? We do not know. Of course, we may say &quot;his own car&quot; to emphasize whose car is it, but in Russian this is not needed. If it is his own car we say: &quot;Джон моет свою машину.&quot;, if it is another man's car we say: &quot;Джон моет его машину&quot;. Both &quot;его&quot; and &quot;свою&quot; are translated as &quot;his&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9517" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-09-19T18:44:57.820" LastActivityDate="2017-09-19T18:44:57.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14916" CreationDate="2017-09-19T17:41:27.927" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Хитровыебанный&lt;/strong&gt; is a filty word and it does not have the same meaning as &lt;strong&gt;хитрый.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Хитровыебанный&lt;/strong&gt; means tricky and extremely complicated, more than it is required at the moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9517" LastActivityDate="2017-09-19T17:41:27.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15053" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15054" CreationDate="2017-09-20T20:20:51.993" Score="1" ViewCount="271" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider the first line of the famous song Катюша:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Расцветали яблони и груши&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, this line roughly translates to &quot;Apples and pears were blossoming&quot;.&#xA;However, the plural noun &quot;apples&quot; in Russian is usually яблоки, not яблони as found in the song.&#xA;What's the difference between яблоки and яблони?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps яблони is better translated to something like an uncounted noun &quot;apple&quot;, as in &quot;Apple and pear were blossoming&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7764" LastActivityDate="2017-09-21T03:59:30.927" Title="How is яблони different from яблоки?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15053" CreationDate="2017-09-20T20:28:25.720" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think &lt;strong&gt;яблони&lt;/strong&gt; refers to the &lt;em&gt;apple trees&lt;/em&gt; while &lt;strong&gt;яблоки&lt;/strong&gt; refers to the &lt;em&gt;apples&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9119" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2017-09-21T03:59:30.927" LastActivityDate="2017-09-21T03:59:30.927" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15056" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15087" CreationDate="2017-09-21T17:40:23.263" Score="2" ViewCount="977" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как известно, can't be bothered может переводиться как &lt;em&gt;лениться что-либо делать&lt;/em&gt;, либо &lt;em&gt;не иметь желания&lt;/em&gt;, либо &lt;em&gt;наплевать (She probably can't be bothered)&lt;/em&gt; и т. д. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В песне Burn It Down группы Daughter &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/daughter/burnitdown.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;есть&lt;/a&gt; строки:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Now the world is only white noise&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Frequencies that I can't understand&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;I can't be bothered with the teachers&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Always trying to shape the way I act&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне интересно: как лучше или даже как правильно перевести выделенные строки?&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Мне наплевать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(?)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;на учителей&lt;/em&gt; (или, если посмотреть на контекст, &lt;em&gt;умников&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;em&gt;, вечно лезущих в мою жизнь&lt;/em&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В моем переводе мне «не нравится» то, что, возможно, верным переводом будет не «наплевать», а что-нибудь другое, о чем я не знаю и о чем не пишут доступные мне словари.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8249" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-26T21:36:55.537" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T11:01:45.867" Title="Как перевести &quot;can't be bothered with&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="19" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15059" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15062" CreationDate="2017-09-22T05:44:15.993" Score="6" ViewCount="555" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the title asks, what is the difference in usage between пи́ща and еда? Is one just a more formal version of the other? Are there any people/situations to which you could not usually apply one or the other? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9437" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-23T16:51:32.143" LastActivityDate="2017-09-25T02:32:31.323" Title="Difference in usage between &quot;пи́ща&quot; and &quot;еда&quot;" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15060" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15059" CreationDate="2017-09-22T07:16:55.217" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say that &lt;strong&gt;пища&lt;/strong&gt; is not just more formal, but also that its usage is limited to written language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there are several widely used expressions with the word (and you cannot use &lt;strong&gt;еда&lt;/strong&gt; here):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пища для ума/размышлений&lt;/strong&gt; - a problem worthy of consideration - &quot;food for thought&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;духовная пища&lt;/strong&gt; - something feeding your spiritual development&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more common word for &lt;strong&gt;food&lt;/strong&gt;, which can be used both in formal and informal contexts, is &lt;strong&gt;продукты [питания]&lt;/strong&gt; (always in plural).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastEditorUserId="9119" LastEditDate="2017-09-24T07:46:37.853" LastActivityDate="2017-09-24T07:46:37.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15059" CreationDate="2017-09-22T10:27:07.973" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Еда&lt;/code&gt; is more colloquial than &lt;code&gt;пища&lt;/code&gt;, and is generally only used to refer to the stuff eaten by humans. If talking about e.g. dog/cat/cattle food, one should use &lt;code&gt;корм&lt;/code&gt; instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &lt;code&gt;еда&lt;/code&gt; is more of a generalized concept of edibles than  a pointer to something specific. If, for instance, you'd like to say, 'Let's go grab some food', the correct phrase would run along the lines of &quot;Давай купим что-нибудь &lt;strong&gt;поесть&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;съестное&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, not &quot;Давай купим еду&quot;. The phrase 'I like this food' would translate to something like &quot;Мне нравится это &lt;strong&gt;блюдо&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, or probably lack a direct reference at all: &quot;Мне очень вкусно/понравилось&quot;. &quot;Chinese food&quot; would be &quot;китайская &lt;strong&gt;кухня&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (cuisine), etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically, of course, one &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; say, e.g., &quot;Мне нравится эта еда&quot;, but it will sound somewhat childish and not 'well-bred'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, &lt;code&gt;еда&lt;/code&gt; may refer to the process of eating, as in &quot;Во время еды не разговаривай&quot; or &quot;Мы потратили полчаса на еду&quot;. This is probably the most commonly encountered usage of the word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пища&lt;/code&gt;, on the other hand, is more formal, but, much like &lt;code&gt;еда&lt;/code&gt;, is used as a general concept, not denoting anything in particular. As noted by AlexVB, you'll find the word in all kinds of metaphorical and allegorical idioms as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastActivityDate="2017-09-22T10:27:07.973" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15062" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15059" CreationDate="2017-09-22T10:30:51.607" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;The aspects of difference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пища&lt;/strong&gt; из more formal version of &lt;strong&gt;еда&lt;/strong&gt; in the meaning 'food'.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Unlike пища, &lt;strong&gt;еда&lt;/strong&gt; can be used &lt;em&gt;directly&lt;/em&gt; in the meaning '&lt;strong&gt;having meals&lt;/strong&gt;'. e. g.:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;(разговаривать) во время &lt;strong&gt;еды&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;formal&lt;/em&gt; (medical, dietological) version of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;еда&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; here would be &quot;&lt;strong&gt;приём пищи&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;во время приёма пищи&quot;), not simply &quot;пища&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Unlike &quot;еда&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;пища&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; can be used idiomatically (&lt;em&gt;пища для размышлений, пища для ума, пища для сплетен&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пища&lt;/strong&gt; is a &lt;em&gt;more abstract&lt;/em&gt; word than еда and is related to what people or species living somewhere eat typically (пища панд - бамбук), not in a current situation (еда у путников /или у их собаки/ закончилась).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Adjectives&lt;/strong&gt;, derived from the two words, have &lt;em&gt;different meanings&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Пища -&gt; пищевой&lt;/strong&gt; (intended for usage as food ingredient, permitted to have contact with food - about a material, etc. somehow related to food). &lt;strong&gt;Еда -&gt; съедобный&lt;/strong&gt; (=edible; idiomatically, having fair taste).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-09-22T10:30:51.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15059" CreationDate="2017-09-22T20:08:42.510" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Еда means food, &lt;strong&gt;meal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пища means food, &lt;strong&gt;nourishment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While these two words are often synonyms, you can think of the difference between &quot;meal&quot; and &quot;nourishment&quot; to understand the difference between &quot;еда&quot; and &quot;пища&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2017-09-25T02:32:31.323" LastActivityDate="2017-09-25T02:32:31.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15064" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15066" CreationDate="2017-09-22T22:41:16.490" Score="4" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, I am answering a question asking for a definition of самобытная культура.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The definition I have given Это культура, которая была в регионе до того как другие [там были]. The action [там были] being implied. Is it appropriate to imply action in this manner in Russian as it is in English? How does use of implied action differ between English and Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is до того как an appropriate way to say before in this context and does it require an explicit action when used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9119" LastActivityDate="2017-09-23T12:50:49.457" Title="Use of implied actions and до того как" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;conjunctions&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15064" CreationDate="2017-09-23T08:06:51.920" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You cannot omit an action in that manner in Russian. You sentence may be rearranged using до + genitive construction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Это культура, которая была в регионе [до|раньше] других.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian you do not use auxiliary verbs (like &lt;strong&gt;do&lt;/strong&gt;) in present or past tense, so when in English you may say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;- Did you go to the theater?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;- I did.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian you either answer simply &lt;strong&gt;yes/no&lt;/strong&gt; or you can imply subject:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;- Ты ходил в театр?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;- Да.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;или&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;- Ходил.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2017-09-23T08:06:51.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15064" CreationDate="2017-09-23T12:50:49.457" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, Russian uses &quot;implied actions&quot; (ellipsis) quite extensively:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дени́с лю́бит кра́сное вино́, а О́льга [лю́бит] бе́лое [вино́].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дени́с лю́бит футбо́л, а О́льга - нет [не лю́бит].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the way you've built your sentence, it just doesn't work that way. You used a conjunction (до того́ как) to join a clause (кото́рая была́ в регио́не) and a nominal (други́е). If you use a preposition instead, it works:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Э́то культу́ра, кото́рая была́ в регио́не &lt;strong&gt;до&lt;/strong&gt; други́х.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even better to use 'ра́ньше' (a comparative adverb):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Э́то культу́ра, кото́рая была́ в регио́не &lt;strong&gt;ра́ньше&lt;/strong&gt; други́х.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English version works only because 'before' is both a preposition and a conjunction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;...before others.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;...before others were there.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To illustrate why it's important, let's take a look at this example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;John finished in time because Ann helped.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't just take away the verb (helped). It won't work. But if you change the conjunction (because) to a preposition (because of / thanks to), it works:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;John finished in time &lt;strong&gt;because of&lt;/strong&gt; Ann.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-09-23T12:50:49.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15059" CreationDate="2017-09-24T12:39:43.523" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;1.At first, both &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пища&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;еда&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; seem to be interchangeable, but this is a wrong assomption, since they are [almost] interchangeable only in phrases like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я даю животным пищу.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [sounds not quite natural]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я даю животным еду.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [sounds ok]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я даю детям еду.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [sounds ok]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я даю детям пищу.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [sounds ok]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.Stylistically &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пища&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is more official, neutral, conservative and distant  than &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;еда&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, especially in coined expressions;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сейчас в больнице время приёма пищи*. (one never would say * ***Сейчас в больнице время приёма еды*&lt;/strong&gt; ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Будет день, будет и пища&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (never * &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Будет день, будет и еда&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Аппетит приходит во время еды&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (one would never say * &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Аппетит приходит во время пищи&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, because the overall tone of the saying is close / friendly, non-distant).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.Morphologically (and semantically), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пища&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is more likely to comprise the act of cooking / modifying a food, or, to put it in other words, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пища&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is more about a prepared food whilst &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;еда&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is more about an action (from an eater's point of view);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Книга о вкусной и здоровой пище&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (and never * &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Книга о вкусной и здоровой еде&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) - a title for classical Soviet cooking guide from the 1950s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;За едой мы (не) разговариваем&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (hardly * &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;За пищей мы (не) разговариваем&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.Cognitively, as the action names, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пища&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; refers to an indefinate / non-evidential action, whilst &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;еда&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is more likely to signify a definate and evidential event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это - на еду / для еды&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (saying * &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это - на пищу / Для пищи&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is improbable).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я уже заказал еду&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (and definately not * &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я уже заказал пищу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, not even in official context).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.Mind the words &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;питание&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;блюдо&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-09-24T12:39:43.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15068" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15069" CreationDate="2017-09-24T18:14:03.673" Score="15" ViewCount="3422" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are Russian equivalents of the English idiom &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/spread+too+thin&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;spread yourself too thin&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, which is often used in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Try not to spread yourself too thin.&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Free Dictionary&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;spread yourself too thin&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;to try to do too many things at the same time, so that you cannot give&#xA;  enough time or attention to any of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Example: I realised I'd been spreading myself too thin so I resigned&#xA;  as secretary of the golf club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5584" LastActivityDate="2017-09-25T11:56:11.873" Title="What are Russian equivalents of the English idiom &quot;spread yourself too thin&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15068" CreationDate="2017-09-24T19:28:34.190" Score="29" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Распыляться&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;2. Разг. Одновременно заниматься многим, не сосредоточиваясь на чём-л. одном; разбрасываться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Не распыляйся&amp;quot; means exactly the same &amp;quot;to do many things at the same time not paying much attention to any of them. The verb is formed from &amp;quot;пыль&amp;quot; which is translated as &amp;quot;dust&amp;quot;.We also say &amp;quot;Не разбрасывайся по мелочам&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-09-24T19:28:34.190" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15068" CreationDate="2017-09-24T23:04:51.763" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Referring to speech, the possible set phrase could also be &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;растекаться мыслью&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;/(from &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;растекаться мысью) по древу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; , which is 'to run one's thought / oneself as a squirrel along a tree, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;мысь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; being an Old Slavic for 'squirrel'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively and more conversational-like one can also use a coinage &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;без (лишней) воды&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (lit. 'without (too much) water'), e.g. one of the closest translations of your request would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Давай только без лишней воды.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, both phrases are applicable in reference to speech (not to actions) only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-09-25T04:06:39.797" LastActivityDate="2017-09-25T04:06:39.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15068" CreationDate="2017-09-25T04:48:28.503" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure there is an exact translation for &quot;spread yourself too thin&quot; in Russian.&#xA;But I can suggest the close ones:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не пытайся угнаться за двумя зайцами (from proverb &quot;За двумя зайцами погонишься, ни одного не поймаешь&quot; - &quot;If you run after two hares, you will catch neither&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не пытайся усидеть на двух стульях (just like &quot;Between two stools one falls to the ground&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9473" LastEditorUserId="9473" LastEditDate="2017-09-25T04:53:37.407" LastActivityDate="2017-09-25T04:53:37.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15068" CreationDate="2017-09-25T04:49:53.107" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;За двумя зайцами погонишься - ни одного не поймаешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you try to chase for two rabbits - you won't catch any.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pretty simple to understand, don't try to do many things at once, or you will fail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9537" LastActivityDate="2017-09-25T04:49:53.107" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15068" CreationDate="2017-09-25T11:56:11.873" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your best bet is probably the expression with the rabbits mentioned in other answers. If the goals that a person pursues are contradictory or mutually exclusive, you can use the expression:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И капитал приобрести, и невинность соблюсти (acquire capital while staying innocent)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is an obscene version:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И рыбку съесть, и нах..й сесть (eat the fish and sit on someone's penis at the same time)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know the etymology of this expression. It's most frequently used when person A thinks that person B attempts to screw A over (get benefits at A's expense). It is also used when someone wants to do something (like buy a cheap product), but does not take into account (or take responsibility for) the consequences (the fact it is likely to break soon). In the latter form it is close to the meaning of spreading yourself too thin (action: doing many things simultaneously, consequence: less results than if the person focused on one thing).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1640" LastActivityDate="2017-09-25T11:56:11.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15075" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15085" CreationDate="2017-09-25T21:26:30.177" Score="8" ViewCount="246" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which case is used in the first word, and why? What is the grammatical logic behind the use of this particular case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Темным-темно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;давным-давно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-09-26T20:23:28.787" Title="&quot;Темным-темно&quot; - which case is used here?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15075" CreationDate="2017-09-25T22:58:37.783" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, there's no case at all - those are just adverbs with reduplication. It's not that in words such as &lt;code&gt;темным-темно&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;светлым-светло&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;давным-давно&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;старым-старо&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;пьяным-пьяно&lt;/code&gt; we&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduplication&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Reduplication&lt;/a&gt;, whether with word repeated exactly or slightly changed it a very common thing for a lot of languages, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduplication_in_the_Russian_language&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian&lt;/a&gt; is no exception for this. In fact, I can even claim that this is one of the most old and universal features that human languages share. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using reduplication for intensification is also something very common. As of changing the root - it's not necessarily even has to be related to any grammatical category (such as cases) at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's like asking what exactly from the grammatical standpoint is &lt;code&gt;shm&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;code&gt;fancy-shmancy&lt;/code&gt;. The other thing is that we actually can try to come up with some etymological explanation of how exactly we end up with this forms for exactly this particular adverbs, but not some other ones (why not &quot;холодным-холодно&quot; for example).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of a good overview of inflected reduplication in Russian but my guess would be that, anyways, this would be a better fit for Linguistics SE. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-09-25T23:08:43.613" LastActivityDate="2017-09-25T23:08:43.613" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14916" CreationDate="2017-09-26T09:44:15.147" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Хитровыебанный&lt;/strong&gt; is just &lt;code&gt;Хитрый&lt;/code&gt; (cunning, tricky, sly) - with shade of admiration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like: &lt;em&gt;he's so cunning/smart - look at him!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern context: my US friendess used to say similar about former Russian Ambassador to US - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Kislyak&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kislyak&lt;/a&gt; the same :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4815" LastActivityDate="2017-09-26T09:44:15.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15082" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15056" CreationDate="2017-09-26T11:47:56.717" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Не колышат&quot; - близко по смыслу и по образности&#xA;upd:&#xA;can't be bothered несет смысл (urbandictionary: When you really aren't in the mood to do something, generally because you are tired, feeling lazy or it's not important)&#xA;Возможные переводы по смыслу:&#xA;не до того &#xA;недосуг&#xA;нет желания заниматься&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Исходное предложение содержит элипсис&#xA;I can't be bothered with (paying attention to) the teachers&#xA;Always trying to shape the way I act.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Перевод &quot;не колышат&quot; сохраняет неформальный стиль и передает отношение к учителям и к их поучениям&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9547" LastEditorUserId="9547" LastEditDate="2017-09-26T15:48:33.563" LastActivityDate="2017-09-26T15:48:33.563" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15083" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15084" CreationDate="2017-09-26T17:34:02.667" Score="4" ViewCount="219" Body="&lt;p&gt;I encountered the word while reading a Russian article about media. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если не сказать ее агитлисток.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was unable to find a translation for it by search engine. I assume it is derogatory in the sense of propaganda from context but I am just guessing. Can someone provide a better sense of the word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9119" LastActivityDate="2017-10-10T18:56:52.457" Title="What is the meaning and origin of «агитлисток»?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15083" CreationDate="2017-09-26T18:15:18.897" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Агитлисток&lt;/code&gt; is a shortened form of &lt;code&gt;Агитационный листок&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Literally this could be translated as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Agitational sheet&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or (depending on context)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Propaganda leaflet&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2017-09-26T18:15:18.897" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15075" CreationDate="2017-09-26T20:00:12.027" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Historically, it's instrumental case, or rather, one of the numerous usages of the instrumental in Russian: the emphatic instrumental (&lt;em&gt;творительный усиления&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be used with adverbs (&lt;em&gt;давным-давно, полным-полно&lt;/em&gt;), nouns (&lt;em&gt;дурак дураком, змея змеёй&lt;/em&gt;), adjectives (&lt;em&gt;белым-бела, черным-черна&lt;/em&gt;) and even verbs (&lt;em&gt;есть поедом, слыхом не слыхивать&lt;/em&gt; etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I failed to find a conclusive reasoning behind this, but I have a strong gut feeling that it's linked to the infinitive absolute, a Semitic construct which had been calqued into Greek and later to Church Slavonic when translating the Bible:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;от­ дрéва же, éже разумѣ́ти дóброе и лукáвое, не снѣ́сте от­ негó: а въ óньже áще дéнь снѣ́сте от­ негó, &lt;em&gt;смéртiю ýмрете&lt;/em&gt; (= &amp;quot;thou shalt surely die&amp;quot; in KJV, literally &amp;quot;you will die with a death&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;áще же &lt;em&gt;злóбою озлóбите&lt;/em&gt; я́, и воз­стенáв­ше возопiю́тъ ко мнѣ́, &lt;em&gt;слýхомъ услы́шу&lt;/em&gt; глáсъ и́хъ (= &amp;quot;thou afflict them in any wise&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;I will surely hear their cry&amp;quot;; literally &amp;quot;you will afflict them with an affliction&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;I will hear them with my hearing&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-09-26T20:23:28.787" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14948" CreationDate="2017-09-27T04:53:29.650" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Girls have everything&quot; would be &quot;у девочек есть все.&quot; In your phrase &quot;девочки&quot; is not plural of &quot;девочка.&quot; It's a form of a word that doesn't  have a direct analog English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastActivityDate="2017-09-27T04:53:29.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15056" CreationDate="2017-09-27T09:13:46.980" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если ознакомиться с полным текстом, то похоже, что лирическую героиню всё настолько беспокоит (информационный хаос, советчики норовят учить, приятель покинул и т. д.), что ей хочется сжечь всё вокруг, начав с собственного дома. По этому смыслы вроде &quot;меня не пронять учителям&quot; вряд ли отсюда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мир только белым шумом мучит,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В его частотах - непонятки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Достало, что все вечно учат,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В каких вести себя мне рамках.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...................&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Гори же всё, гори огнём - к чертям собачьим!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-09-27T09:13:46.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8117" CreationDate="2017-09-28T05:03:33.900" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;OK. I am NOT an expert speaker. However, I have noticed this a bit for negatives: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the thing comes with a SINGULAR/SINGLE-INSTANCE (maybe I want to say &quot;semelfactive&quot;) direct object or other&#xA;precisor, it may well get a perfective in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, the default is imperfective.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;And Russians are adept at dodging this question entirely by putting&#xA;it in the present.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples (all from real Russian):  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты не ответила на них ни слова. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты не отвечал на телефонные звонки. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пишу тебе уже десятое письмо, а ты не отвечаешь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4238" LastEditorUserId="4238" LastEditDate="2017-09-29T15:57:40.143" LastActivityDate="2017-09-29T15:57:40.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15056" CreationDate="2017-09-28T05:11:40.353" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Теперь мир для меня просто шум,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Бессмысленные частоты.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мне безразличны те, кто поучают,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Всегда стараясь указать, как мне себя вести.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've added &quot;для меня&quot; (&quot;for me&quot;) that isn't in the original, but is silently implied and sounds better by meaning and by rhythm. The version without it would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теперь мир - просто шум&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've also omitted &quot;white&quot;, as &quot;white noise&quot; is more of a technical term in Russian with little to no meaning for a kid. If a close literal translation is desired, then:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теперь мир - просто белый шум&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;that I can't understand - means &quot;make no sense to me&quot;, &quot;meaningless&quot;, therefore &quot;Бессмысленные&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't be bothered - the meaning here is &quot;I don't care&quot;, &quot;they mean nothing to me&quot;, thus best translating as &quot;Мне безразличны&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with the teachers - &quot;teachers&quot; here are not &quot;instructors&quot;, but rather those with an unsolicited advice or guidance. The proper verb here is not &quot;учить&quot;, but &quot;поучать&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Always trying - this is straight forward &quot;Всегда стараясь&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to shape - here means &quot;to project their way&quot;, essentially like &quot;to tell&quot; or &quot;to show&quot;, except not as a suggestion, but rather a demand, although not as strong as &quot;to make&quot;. The best equivalent here is &quot;to show&quot; that, as a suggestion, is &quot;показать&quot;, which is not applicable here, but, as a demand or forceful influence, is &quot;указать&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the way I act - straight forward &quot;как мне себя вести&quot;  that fits nicely by the meaning, feeling and rhythm. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This translation retains the meaning and even emphasizes that the &quot;noise&quot; is the instructions of the unsolicited teachers, that is the substantial connection and transition from the first and the second parts. It is also very literally close and has the proper rhythm making it sound as poetry, but not just word-by-word translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9562" LastEditorUserId="9562" LastEditDate="2017-09-28T05:17:22.687" LastActivityDate="2017-09-28T05:17:22.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15092" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15093" CreationDate="2017-09-28T15:23:01.033" Score="3" ViewCount="5392" Body="&lt;p&gt;I hear this term in hardbass a lot. &quot;Kolbaser&quot; literally means sausage maker, but refers to something completely different. What is the exact meaning of this term and why does it mean what it means? Is it because the suffix &quot;-baser&quot;, referring to the bass of the music? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;XS Project - &quot;Bochka, Bass, Kolbaser&quot; - I found a translation online&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5uzc3U8Qhc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5uzc3U8Qhc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;XS Project - &quot;Kolbasa&quot; - would be cool if someone could translate this song as well ;)&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zw4Ui6SsFOs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zw4Ui6SsFOs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9566" LastActivityDate="2021-04-01T06:01:04.313" Title="Why does колбасер &quot;Sausage maker&quot; mean someone who raves or hardbasser?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15092" CreationDate="2017-09-28T16:13:11.787" Score="7" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is no any specific word for sausage-maker. Колбасер does not, did not and never could mean it in common general Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;this -er ending in kolbaser is clearly mimicking English, so it is of latest after-Perestroika times. While &quot;колбаса&quot; word is much more old. If there would be a really Russian word for sausage-trader or sausage-craftsman it would probably be built with -nik suffix instead. Колбасник. Just like мясник (butcher, from мясо=meat), кукурузник (derogatory nickname for Khrushev for his policy of enforcing American corn in USSR). Or maybe -shchik like in старьевщик (collector/reseller of OLD things). Or -chik as in грузчик (load runner). But not -er. This is clearly a pattern from West.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;there is a jargon verb колбаситься, literally to sausage oneself. It was referring some music parties, where lot of physical actions and heavily crowded rooms were over comfort and sound quality. Maybe it somehow relates to English &quot;jamming&quot; term. While &quot;jamming&quot; does not seem to imply getting squeezed as in &quot;taffic jam&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Such kinds of dancing clubs, night loud music parties for youth, they are also western post-Perestroika influence. So it is natural that a person who does oneself (or maybe causes others to) start колбаситься, would be named by that new-made noun, build from this new-made verb using English -er pattern. Afterall everything American and European was very trendy in 1990-s. And West-style night dancings surely were focal points for wannabe-Westerners.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, no matter what etymology of that verb is, it practically has no relation to the колбаса as food (sausage). Neither does &quot;колбасер&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;w.r.t. lyrics I only found this &lt;a href=&quot;http://webkind.ru/text/94567214_5126008p995356038_text_pesni_nas-vstavlyaet-kolbasa.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://webkind.ru/text/94567214_5126008p995356038_text_pesni_nas-vstavlyaet-kolbasa.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мы колбасим до утра&#xA;Нас встaвляет колбаса.&#xA;&#xA;Нас вставляет колбаса&#xA;Колба- колба- колбаса.&#xA;&#xA;Скорость колбаса&#xA;Скорость нас вставляет.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This heavily uses drug addicts and dancing addicts slang, so I would hardly make good translation of it. but there is also nothing to translate. They in different forms convey how they like to колбаситься faster and faster&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, &quot;колбаса&quot; here is retrofitted from the said slang verb, meaning here the process when many people are &quot;sausaging&quot; themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вставляет&quot; probably means &quot;rushing&quot; as in &quot;....the feeling you get on smoke when the top of your neck feels like it's going into the back of your head.&quot;, see pp.109/110 at &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books?id=InUpHgnif58C&amp;amp;pg=PA109&amp;amp;lpg=PA109&amp;amp;dq=richard%20bach%20gift%20of%20wings%20neck&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=RoBaj8KAkv&amp;amp;sig=hE44tDkRBFBVPENE1INYWc3pOms&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwiF-oedqMjWAhXqJZoKHYUEC_UQ6AEIXDAN#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=richard%20bach%20gift%20of%20wings%20neck&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gift of Wings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2017-09-28T20:10:02.517" LastActivityDate="2017-09-28T20:10:02.517" CommentCount="16" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15095" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15097" CreationDate="2017-09-28T17:22:29.093" Score="4" ViewCount="580" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had known &quot;чувак,&quot; but recently ran into &quot;норм чувак&quot; and was a bit lost, and neither Multitran nor russki-mat.net helped. It sounds to me like some kind of stoner cri-du-coeur. Could someone explain it, especially &quot;норм&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4238" LastActivityDate="2017-09-28T20:16:35.817" Title="&quot;Норм чувак&quot; meaning" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15095" CreationDate="2017-09-28T17:31:04.527" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a contraction of &lt;em&gt;нормально&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;okay, alright&quot;). The phrase means &quot;it's OK dude&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's the same phenomenon as &quot;totesing&quot; in English (contracting words so that you get &quot;totes&quot;, &quot;sis&quot;, &quot;appreesh&quot; etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2017-09-28T17:31:04.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15097" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15095" CreationDate="2017-09-28T20:16:35.817" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it a &lt;code&gt;Норм чувак&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(1)&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Норм, чувак&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;(2)&lt;/strong&gt; (the latter has comma, which means addressing to &lt;code&gt;чувак&lt;/code&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a first variant &lt;code&gt;Норм&lt;/code&gt; is a short form of &lt;code&gt;нормальный&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;acceptable&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;satisfactory&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;good&lt;/code&gt;), the second one is a short form of &lt;code&gt;нормально&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;it is ok&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;strong&gt;(1)&lt;/strong&gt; may be translated as &lt;code&gt;He is good dude&lt;/code&gt; in context of mentioning someone. And &lt;strong&gt;(2)&lt;/strong&gt; may be translated as &lt;code&gt;It is ok dude&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BUT! :) When someone chats with you via IM/SMS, then to shorten his/her phrase (or just due to the laziness) comma might be skipped and &lt;code&gt;Норм, чувак&lt;/code&gt; may be written as &lt;code&gt;Норм чувак&lt;/code&gt;. :) And you can guess this only from the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope I didn't confuse you. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7336" LastActivityDate="2017-09-28T20:16:35.817" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15098" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15099" CreationDate="2017-09-29T12:26:18.473" Score="4" ViewCount="263" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently found out that Pripyat has/had a place called Дворец культуры Энергетик (Palace of Culture Energetik). The phrase reminded me of the German term &quot;kulturelle Energetik&quot;, which was used by Wilhelm Ostwald according to the book &quot;Scientific Babel&quot; by Michael D. Gordon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &quot;культуры Энергетик&quot; a commonly used set phrase, derived from the German &quot;kulturelle Energetik&quot;, or was this just a once-off combination of two unrelated words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5423" LastActivityDate="2017-09-30T00:44:14.580" Title="Is &quot;культуры Энергетик&quot; a set phrase based on the German &quot;kulturelle Energetik&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15098" CreationDate="2017-09-29T12:54:37.510" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. The set phrase is &lt;strong&gt;дворец культуры&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;«Энергетик»&lt;/strong&gt; should properly be in quotes as it's the name of that particular &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Culture&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Palace of Culture&lt;/a&gt;. An &lt;strong&gt;энергетик&lt;/strong&gt; is a person, a power engineer. Naming things after members of a prevalent local profession was common in the USSR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Kulturelle Energetik&quot; would be &lt;strong&gt;культурная энергетика&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="8359" LastEditDate="2017-09-30T00:44:14.580" LastActivityDate="2017-09-30T00:44:14.580" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15098" CreationDate="2017-09-29T13:01:30.673" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Энергетик&lt;/em&gt; here is a proper name, with correct punctuation it should have been &lt;em&gt;Дворец культуры &quot;Энергетик&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Энергетик&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;power systems engineer&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In USSR, it was common to name local things after trades prevalent in the area: there are sports teams with names such as &lt;em&gt;Металлург&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;Metallurgist&quot;), &lt;em&gt;Металлист&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;Metalworker&quot;), &lt;em&gt;Химик&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;Chemist&quot;); palaces of culture named &lt;em&gt;Текстильщик&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;Textile maker&quot;), &lt;em&gt;Горняк&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;Ore miner&quot;) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2017-09-29T13:01:30.673" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15101" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15103" CreationDate="2017-09-29T17:34:46.140" Score="3" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;About 1814 the Russian-American Company renamed an old ship, called &quot;Il'men&quot; or &quot;Il'mena&quot; in works written in English. Ильмень is of course &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a famous lake&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Boris Dralyuk suggested to Susan Morris that obvious confusion between the spellings could be down to distinction between the nominative and genitive cases. I do have one reference to it in the Russian language, but this spelling appears to be yet a third case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ПРОБЛЕМ А УЧАСТИЯ АНТИПАТРА БАРАНОВА В ЭКСПЕДИЦИИ НА «ИЛЬМЕНЕ» У КАЛИФОРНИЙСКИХ БЕРЕГОВ В 1814-1815 ГГ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the correct name of the ship? Is the nominative case the one that should be used to refer to it in English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="8359" LastEditDate="2017-09-29T19:57:26.043" LastActivityDate="2017-10-03T01:30:19.597" Title="What is the correct name of the ship, Il'men or Il'mena?" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;other-languages&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15101" CreationDate="2017-09-29T18:13:51.293" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The correct name of the ship is Il'menа (&lt;em&gt;Ильмена&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ilmena was a legendary Slavic woman, after whom, as the legend holds, the lake Ilmen was named.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, the nominative forms should be used when borrowing Russian words, however, for other languages, your mileage may vary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, Russian, when borrowing Latin words of 3rd declension, uses genitive as the main form and drops the endings, so that Cicero becomes &lt;em&gt;Цицерон &amp;lt; Ciceron(is)&lt;/em&gt;, Venus is &lt;em&gt;Венера &amp;lt; Vener(is)&lt;/em&gt;, atlas (in architecture) is &lt;em&gt;атлант &amp;lt; atlant(is)&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-09-29T18:51:24.577" LastActivityDate="2017-09-29T18:51:24.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15101" CreationDate="2017-09-29T23:42:56.800" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;На «Ильмене» (prepositional case IIRC) is exactly the same form for nominative &quot;Ильмен&quot; and &quot;Ильмена&quot;, so I bet this is the source of confusion. It is not possible to figure out the nominative from the prepositional in this case purely grammatically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could surmise that a ship's name would be female, &quot;Ильмена&quot;, although sometimes, at least in Russian, warships have male names (&quot;врагу не сдается наш гордый Варяг&quot;). Indeed, this article - &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Илмера&lt;/a&gt; - says it's &quot;Ильмена&quot; (бриг «Ильмена»)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2244" LastEditorUserId="2244" LastEditDate="2017-10-03T01:30:19.597" LastActivityDate="2017-10-03T01:30:19.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15104" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15106" CreationDate="2017-10-02T08:27:09.607" Score="10" ViewCount="1752" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often don't see the Russian adverb &lt;strong&gt;&quot;уже&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; translated into English.  I'll give you some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Скоро уже начало марта.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The beginning of March is soon.&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Example above is from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.duolingo.com/course/ru/en/Learn-Russian-Online&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Duolingo's Russian for English Speaker's Course&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly enough, as I tried to find some good examples, I mostly saw sentences that, with more context &lt;em&gt;could have&lt;/em&gt; added an &quot;already&quot; to the sentence without any drastic change in meaning, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;И тебе уже пора уже зарегиться там.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  And it's time for you to get out there.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Будущее уже началось, будущее уже сейчас.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The future has arrived, and the future is now.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bigger mystery is when &lt;strong&gt;&quot;уже&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is paired with &lt;strong&gt;&quot;скоро&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (as in the first example).  Here are some others:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нет, я еще на работе, но cкоро уже буду ехать домой.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  No, I'm still at work, but I'll be home soon.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;И так, скоро уже закончим.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  It won't take much longer.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ну что там, скоро уже?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Well, how long do I have to wait?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Скоро уже ты получишь полную свободу.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  In due time, you'll have your freedom.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Examples above are from &lt;a href=&quot;http://context.reverso.net/translation/russian-english/%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reverso's Context Dictionary&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are these somewhat idiomatic expressions that one simply must get used to and through repeated exposure and practice will feel more natural to an English speaker?  Or can the &quot;уже&quot; be omitted?  Would these sentences sound odd to a native speaker of Russian if &lt;strong&gt;&quot;уже&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; were to be omitted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2017-11-23T20:27:57.223" LastActivityDate="2017-11-23T20:27:57.223" Title="Why is the Russian adverb &quot;уже&quot; not always translated into English?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15104" CreationDate="2017-10-02T09:44:00.523" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the second part of your examples, &lt;strong&gt;уже&lt;/strong&gt; can mostly also be translated as &lt;strong&gt;already&lt;/strong&gt;. Note that the Context Dictionary's examples are not literal translations and therefore differ from the original sentences both in tone and in word choice. If you were to translate them as closely to original as possible, you'd get the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нет, я еще на работе, но cкоро уже буду ехать домой.&lt;/em&gt; -- &lt;em&gt;No, I'm still at work, but &lt;strong&gt;soon&lt;/strong&gt; I'll &lt;strong&gt;already&lt;/strong&gt; be heading home.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Итак, скоро уже закончим. -- That said, we'll &lt;strong&gt;already&lt;/strong&gt; have finished &lt;strong&gt;soon&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ну что там, скоро уже?&lt;/em&gt; -- &lt;em&gt;Well, is it over &lt;strong&gt;yet&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/em&gt; (literally, 'is it soon yet?', referring to the end of the action taking place)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Скоро уже ты получишь полную свободу.&lt;/em&gt; -- &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Soon&lt;/strong&gt; you'll &lt;strong&gt;already&lt;/strong&gt; be completely free.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Уже&lt;/strong&gt; adds a tone of reassurance to &lt;strong&gt;скоро&lt;/strong&gt;, as if to confirm that the action in progress won't take long to complete indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-10-02T09:49:31.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15104" CreationDate="2017-10-02T09:49:43.557" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Уже&quot; can be an adverb and an intensifying particle. &#xA;As a particle it doesn't bear any meaning but is used with words denoting time to stress their duration. &#xA;All your examples are connected with &quot;time&quot;. &#xA;You can leave out &quot;уже&quot; and the sentence becomes neutral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Скоро начало марта.(neutral soon)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Скоро уже начало марта.(very soon or shows your expectation of spring )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И тебе пора зарегиться там.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И тебе пора уже зарегиться там.(&quot;уже пора&quot; is not quite &quot;high time&quot; (давно пора), but is still stronger than &quot;пора&quot;.&#xA;  And it's time for you to get out there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нет, я еще на работе, но скоро поеду домой(neutral facts)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нет, я еще на работе, но cкоро уже буду ехать домой.(very soon or expressing how eager he is about going home)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some other examples :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не видеться уже несколько лет. Не спать уже третьи сутки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian is full of emotions. ™Whereas &quot;скоро&quot; is neutral, &quot;уже скоро&quot;includes &quot;скоро&quot;plus anticipation, eagerness and expectation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-10-04T15:22:09.150" LastActivityDate="2017-10-04T15:22:09.150" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15107" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15104" CreationDate="2017-10-02T09:51:46.453" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically, it is sometimes an adverb and sometimes a particle. While as an adverb it expresses completeness, as a particle it emphasizes a big amount of something (time, quantity etc.) and shows your impatience or annoyance with the fact or excitation about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can omit the particle in most cases and it won't change the meaning, but the sentence will lose some flavor. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Скоро &lt;strong&gt;уже&lt;/strong&gt; ты получишь полную свободу. - Soon you'll have your freedom &lt;strong&gt;at last&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Давай,] сделай это &lt;strong&gt;уже&lt;/strong&gt;! - [Come on,] do it at last (shows impatience).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я потратил &lt;strong&gt;уже&lt;/strong&gt; 200 долларов. - I have already spent 200 dollar [on it] (the point is not that you have spent the money, but that you have spent that much and you are not comfortable with that).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я потратил &lt;strong&gt;уже&lt;/strong&gt; 200 долларов! - I have already spent 200 dollar [on it] (and proud about that).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;уже&lt;/strong&gt; давно не ходил в театр. - It was long ago, when I was in a theater last time (you regret this).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-10-02T14:23:45.117" LastActivityDate="2017-10-02T14:23:45.117" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15108" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15114" CreationDate="2017-10-02T11:52:49.273" Score="12" ViewCount="1898" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed that constructions with &lt;strong&gt;&quot;надо&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; tend to use a perfective form of a verb.  Is there some sort of loose grammar rule dictating this?  Or does it just depend on context?  For example, can I use either one of the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне надо помыть четырех кошек.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I need to wash four cats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне надо мыть четырех кошек.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I need to wash four cats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My experience with Russian thus far is that its meanings are often quite precise, so I can't imagine that the two sentences above mean exactly the same thing, but I've seen &quot;надо&quot; paired with both (and the English translations for each), even though I have not yet seen any sort of pattern that distinguishes &quot;надо помыть&quot; from &quot;надо мыть&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a visit to Wiktionary, I now know that the construct &quot;не надо&quot; is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;used in combination with imperfective infinitive verbs.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but that doesn't fully explain all the instances I've seen of &quot;надо&quot; paired with imperfective infinitives.  Here's an example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Безусловно, перед едой надо мыть руки.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Sure. Everyone washes their hands.&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Example from Reverso's search results for sentences with &lt;a href=&quot;http://context.reverso.net/translation/russian-english/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;надо мыть&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in them.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As always I appreciate any insight you can provide and want to stress that I'd love to see answers that also go beyond the two examples given above and discuss any details that might pertain to &quot;надо&quot; + verb constructions in a more general sense but are still relevant to this question.  To start with, what part of speech do Russian linguists/grammarians assign to &quot;надо&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW, I've been to the following discussion threads:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/12790/difference-between-%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B8-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Difference between нужно и надо&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1105/usage-patterns-of-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE-vs-%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Usage patterns of “надо” vs. “нужно”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they answer the questions I've asked in this post, I didn't see it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2020-02-17T14:09:46.693" LastActivityDate="2020-02-17T14:09:46.693" Title="Do &quot;надо&quot; constructions tend to pair with perfective verbs and if so, why?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15108" CreationDate="2017-10-02T12:25:14.067" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think, perfective means once, imperfective means continued or repeated action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мне надо помыть четыре кошки.&#xA;I need to wash four cats, and once it's done I'm all set.&#xA;&#xA;Мне надо мыть четырёх кошек.&#xA;I need to wash four cats once in a while.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When in doubt, use perfective (you can't make sure all four cats will be available next time)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;не надо&quot; isn't paired with perfective verbs usually since it doesn't make sense to start the process if you should not have it completed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are counterexamples in question form, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мне помыть апельсин? Не надо!&#xA;Should I wash this orange? Please don't!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2017-10-02T12:25:14.067" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15108" CreationDate="2017-10-02T12:26:10.187" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;You use perfective verbs when you are talking about a task that you have to complete once:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне надо помыть четырёх кошек &lt;em&gt;(и потом я могу отдыхать)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And you use imperfective verbs when you are talking about tasks that you do on a regular basis:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне надо мыть четырёх кошек &lt;em&gt;(каждую неделю)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, for your example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Перед едой &lt;em&gt;(каждый раз)&lt;/em&gt; надо мыть руки. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="1162" LastEditDate="2017-10-03T15:02:33.863" LastActivityDate="2017-10-03T15:02:33.863" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15108" CreationDate="2017-10-02T15:28:33.710" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне надо помыть четыре кошки means I need to start and complete the washing. In opposite, Мне надо мыть четыре кошки may mean I have to start but I do not have to completely wash them. I might start for example to wash but do it partly. That's why &quot;не надо&quot; is usually used with imperfective infinitives: one should not start the action at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9588" LastActivityDate="2017-10-02T15:28:33.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15108" CreationDate="2017-10-02T15:31:13.933" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes you can use &quot;надо&quot; with the imperfect form to express the continuity of the process. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне надо вымыть посуду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(sort of &quot;future perfect&quot;, meaning we're interested in the result)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне надо быть в хорошей форме&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(sort of future/present continuous, i.e. we're interested in the process)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9586" LastActivityDate="2017-10-02T15:31:13.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15108" CreationDate="2017-10-02T21:28:44.370" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not &amp;quot;помыть четыре кошки&amp;quot;, it's &amp;quot;помыть четырех кошек&amp;quot;, because 'cat' is animate. People and animals are animate, so you need to account for that in the &lt;em&gt;accusative&lt;/em&gt; case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А у одушевленных существительных женского рода окончания будут:&#xA;нулевое или –ей, например: женщины- женщин, студентки - студенток,&#xA;матери – матерей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При этом если два согласных стоят рядом, в винительном падеже между&#xA;ними для благозвучия появляются гласные «о» или «е», как:&#xA;Белки- белок, девушки – девушек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Funny thing is that this example is about girls (девушек), but the concept is exactly the same: feminine + animate - кош&lt;em&gt;ек&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You might wish to use the examples of ... and complete exercises here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lingq.com/lesson/2-vinitelnyi-padezh-mnozhestvennogo-chisla-354761/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.lingq.com/lesson/2-vinitelnyi-padezh-mnozhestvennogo-chisla-354761/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Надо&amp;quot; can be used with both a perfective and imperfective infinitive:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думаю, мне надо накормить тех четырех кошек, их хозяйка до завтра не вернется.&#xA;I think I should feed those four cats. Their owner will not be back till tomorrow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the perfective form, we are talking about one occurrence of a feeding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне теперь надо кормить этих четырех кошек, а у меня своих дел полно!&#xA;Now I have to feed these four cats, and I have other things to do!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's exactly the same meaning as following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теперь мне придется кормить этих четырех кошек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in neither case of imperfective infinitive usage is it clear whether we are talking about feeding for an indefinite period of time, or just one meal. It can only be made clear from the context, not from the fact that it's an imperfective infinitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не надо брать себе чужих кошек, и все будет в порядке!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't take responsibility for cats you don't own and you will be fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне обязательно надо покормить этих четырех кошек до 15:00, иначе они разнесут дом по щепочке!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have to feed the four cats before 3PM (TODAY), otherwise they will turn the house into chips!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case it's definitely about just one feeding, the verb is in the perfective form, and &lt;em&gt;today&lt;/em&gt; is not necessary in the Russian variant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С кошками надо быть добрее!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Got to be nice to cats!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9595" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T21:07:17.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15108" CreationDate="2017-10-03T00:37:24.707" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Надо + imperfective&lt;/em&gt; emphasizes the process (I have to &lt;em&gt;work on this&lt;/em&gt;) while &lt;em&gt;надо + perfective&lt;/em&gt; has an emphasis on the result and what follows (I have to &lt;em&gt;get it done&lt;/em&gt;). The reason for that can differ, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Certainty or lack thereof about job size:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне надо помыть кошек, и тогда я смогу пойти обедать.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I have to &lt;em&gt;make sure [all the] cats are clean&lt;/em&gt; then I’ll be able to have dinner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне надо мыть кошек, пока кошки не кончатся.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I have to &lt;em&gt;occupy myself with washing&lt;/em&gt; [some] cats until I run out of cats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Job being one-off or being part of one’s life:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне надо помыть кошек, чтобы не пачкали мебель.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I have to &lt;em&gt;make sure cats are clean&lt;/em&gt; [once and for all] so they don’t stain the furniture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне надо мыть кошек ежедневно.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I have to &lt;em&gt;occupy myself with washing&lt;/em&gt; [those mud-loving] cats every day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus perfective forms are more common after &lt;em&gt;надо&lt;/em&gt;. After &lt;em&gt;не надо&lt;/em&gt; it makes no sense to use perfective: “I don’t need to &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; X” is OK, while emphasizing “I don’t need to &lt;em&gt;achieve&lt;/em&gt; X” would be strange.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2017-10-03T00:37:24.707" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15115" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15116" CreationDate="2017-10-04T08:01:58.607" Score="8" ViewCount="697" Body="&lt;p&gt;Довольно часто стали попадаться в речи и в письме эти выражения. Примеры употребления:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Одержал победу на характере»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Принял решение на эмоциях»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Совершил поступок на кураже»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На мой взгляд, эти выражения (в особенности «на характере») звучат довольно просторечно и убого. Что «говорят» нормы русского языка про такие обороты? Допустимы ли они, или их следует перефразировать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9611" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-10-04T10:16:17.293" Title="Допустимы ли выражения &quot;на эмоциях&quot; и &quot;на характере&quot; с точки зрения норм русского языка?" Tags="&lt;стилистика&gt;&lt;грамотность&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15116" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15115" CreationDate="2017-10-04T10:16:17.293" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Этот ответ приходится давать часто, но поскольку вопросы-то разные - а ответ один и тот же - я не думаю, что можно такие вопросы закрывать. Возможно, впрочем, имеет это обсудить с комьюнити и модифицировать правила. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну так вот - есть фактическое применение каких-то грамматических конструкций и фразеологизмов - и это фактическое применение существует без оглядки на какие-то бы ни было нормативные нормы. Как неоднократно уже отмечалось на этом стеке - единого регулятора русского языка не существует, но даже если б он существовал - это не отменило бы реального словоупотребления. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Говорят &lt;code&gt;на районе&lt;/code&gt;? Да, говорят. &lt;code&gt;На измене&lt;/code&gt; говорят, &lt;code&gt;на стиле&lt;/code&gt; говорят. &#xA;Это просто факт. Мы его можем констатировать. Другое дело, что так же мы, как наблюдатели, можем констатировать и тот факт, что это всё часть разговорного языка (и часто молодёжного сленга, например) - но в газете, официальном документе эти формы не употребляются. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Все приведённые вами примеры легальны хотя бы потому, что существуют. &#xA;Более того, их применение куда менее маргинально, чем это может показаться. Говорим же мы &lt;code&gt;на честном слове&lt;/code&gt;, например. &lt;code&gt;На одном кураже далеко не уедешь&lt;/code&gt; - тоже вполне литературная фраза. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-10-04T10:16:17.293" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15117" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15119" CreationDate="2017-10-05T05:03:08.980" Score="5" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Животноводство&lt;/code&gt; (from &lt;code&gt;животные&lt;/code&gt;) describes animal husbandry and particularly cattle-raising. From how long ago is it attested?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-10-05T09:28:24.493" LastActivityDate="2017-10-05T17:35:27.233" Title="How early is &quot;животноводство&quot; attested?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15117" CreationDate="2017-10-05T10:16:35.730" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, this kind of terms - I mean, terms for describing some branch of economical activity as a whole -  usually came to active usage when economical statistics became a thing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russia, more or less like in the rest of the Europe this happened in the second half of XVIII century. One of the first economic entities in Russian Empire was, to my knowledge, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Economic_Society&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Free Economic Society&quot;&lt;/a&gt; (in Russian, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Императорское Вольное экономическое общество&quot;&lt;/a&gt;) which published a &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;magazine&lt;/a&gt; dedicated to descriptive economic statistics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this magazine you won't find &lt;code&gt;животноводство&lt;/code&gt;, but, however you can easily find &lt;code&gt;скотоводство&lt;/code&gt; - this word has been used from the very beginning, as early as in &lt;a href=&quot;http://veorus.ru/%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BE/%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B-%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%BE/1765/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1765&lt;/a&gt; you can find:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дѣлать вѣрные опыты, касающееся додомостроительства, земледѣлія, береженія и размноженія лѢсовъ, &lt;strong&gt;скотоводства&lt;/strong&gt;, рыбныхъ  и звѣриныхъ  промысловъ, горныхъ дѣлъ, мануфактуръ, всякикъ  рукодѣлій и прочаго.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/msgs3.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/msgs3.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically the term &lt;code&gt;скотоводство&lt;/code&gt; is narrower than &lt;code&gt;животноводство&lt;/code&gt; since it only about livestock but de-facto &lt;code&gt;скотоводство&lt;/code&gt; was widely used  throughout XIXth century (and it's actually still widely used) while &lt;code&gt;животноводство&lt;/code&gt; gradually become more frequently used at the end of XIXth - beginning of XXth century:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/24nEP.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/24nEP.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vehi.net/brokgauz/all/042/42398.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; in famous &quot;Энциклопедический Словарь Ф.А.Брокгауза и И.А.Ефрона&quot; about &lt;code&gt;Зоотехния&lt;/code&gt; (there was an attempt to use this word as more scientific but it never became popular - though &lt;code&gt;зоотехник&lt;/code&gt; is still used), in this article we can read:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У нас эти названия переводят словом &quot;животноводство&quot;, а несколько&#xA;  десятков лет тому назад, нынешняя З. называлась просто скотоводством&#xA;  (Viehzucht).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-10-05T17:35:27.233" LastActivityDate="2017-10-05T17:35:27.233" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15104" CreationDate="2017-10-06T10:32:57.057" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As native Russian speaker, i'd like to point out that &quot;скоро&quot; and &quot;скоро уже&quot; make no difference in practical spoken language, but &quot;уже скоро&quot; can be used to show that you are looking forward expecting something to happen/do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9541" LastActivityDate="2017-10-06T10:32:57.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15122" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-08T04:17:29.677" Score="3" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the 1840s confirmation record of a Russian convert to Catholicism. The names of his parents back in Kamchatka, probably orally reported to the Spanish-speaking priest who wrote in the register book, are recognizably Russian except for the word that resembles &lt;em&gt;Macorís&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't been able to find any similar name or surname. Is it after all Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EkTjh.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EkTjh.png&quot; alt=&quot;Confirmation record&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Jose Bolcoff [Осип Волков]. Son of Jacobo Bolcoff [Яков Волков] and Ana &lt;strong&gt;Macorís&lt;/strong&gt; [&lt;em&gt;?&lt;/em&gt;]. Godfather Francisco Soria.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastActivityDate="2017-10-08T04:17:29.677" Title="Is there any Russian surname similar to Macorís?" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2017-10-08T11:11:40.590" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8592" CreationDate="2017-10-11T03:40:20.223" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While there are &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;several&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BE%20%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&amp;amp;oq=%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BE%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C&amp;amp;gs_l=psy-ab.3.2.0i71k1l4.0.0.0.323954.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0..0.0....0...1..64.psy-ab..0.0.0....0.6BcZ_kz5fN8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ways&lt;/a&gt; to use the word (e.g. good, well, OK). Once you separate each word it'd read:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Хорошо! Всё будет хорошо!&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;reads:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Good! Everything will be good!&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However a more colloquial English equivalent example would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Well! All is well!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there's a popular Russian song with that title by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Am5AEPHd6k&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ВЕРКА СЕРДЮЧКА - ВСЕ БУДЕТ ХОРОШО&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3848" LastActivityDate="2017-10-11T03:40:20.223" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15126" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-11T06:51:34.220" Score="4" ViewCount="319" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can one explain why the adjective &lt;em&gt;толст&lt;strong&gt;ый&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; appears in the name of the famous writer as &lt;em&gt;Толст&lt;strong&gt;ой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, i e with a different ending?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4432" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-10-11T11:11:19.373" LastActivityDate="2017-10-13T21:52:32.540" Title="&quot;Толстой&quot; and &quot;толстый&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15126" CreationDate="2017-10-11T08:51:41.093" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian adjectives may end in either &lt;em&gt;-ый/-ий&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;-ой&lt;/em&gt; (the latter is always stressed), so it's OK to have also surnames ending in &lt;em&gt;-ой&lt;/em&gt;, such as &lt;em&gt;Мостовой&lt;/em&gt;. However, it's unclear why &lt;em&gt;Толстой&lt;/em&gt; and several other names (&lt;em&gt;Грязной&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Дикой&lt;/em&gt; etc.) were formed using &lt;em&gt;-ой&lt;/em&gt; instead of the proper ending of a corresponding adjective (&lt;em&gt;толстый&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;грязный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;дикий&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IMO, the most natural explanation could be the influence of some archaic and/or dialect form. At least for the word &lt;em&gt;толстый&lt;/em&gt;, such dialect form (&lt;em&gt;толстой&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;a href=&quot;https://vasmer.lexicography.online/%D1%82/%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;indeed exists&lt;/a&gt;. However, it could also happen that the surname was changed deliberately, so it didn't match the adjective &quot;fat&quot; anymore, as @Arioch suggested in the comments. I'm not aware of any authoritative source on that matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2017-10-11T12:21:21.057" LastActivityDate="2017-10-11T12:21:21.057" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15126" CreationDate="2017-10-11T17:45:34.677" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &quot;-ой&quot; ending is an archaic form of Russian adjectives, which was largely discontinued by the end of XVIII century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хотя в славенском языке мужеские прилагательные имена множественного числа в именительном падеже кончатся на и, однако из того не следует, чтобы в великороссийском языке имели они такое же окончение, ибо славенский язык от великороссийского ничем столько не разнится, как окончениями речений. Например, по-славенски единственные прилагательные мужеские именительные падежи кончатся на ый и ій -- богатый, старій, синій, а по-великороссийски кончатся на ой и ей -- богатой, старшей, синей. По-славенски: сынов_о_мъ, дѣломъ, руцѣ, мене, пихомъ, кланяхуся, по-великороссийски: сыновьямъ, дѣламъ, руки, меня, (мы) пили, (они) кланялись. Таким же образом и множественные прилагательные мужеские в именительном падеже славенские разны от великороссийских.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;М. В. Ломоносов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примечания на предложение о множественном окончении прилагательных имен&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1746&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is another article that touches this subject: &lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/pushkin/critics/s09/s09-249-.htm?cmd=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;О текстологии «Евгения Онегина»&lt;/a&gt;. Apparently, by 1830s old forms were mostly discontinued, but they still could see occasional use in literature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2017-10-13T21:52:32.540" LastActivityDate="2017-10-13T21:52:32.540" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15130" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15131" CreationDate="2017-10-12T12:12:50.193" Score="7" ViewCount="342" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the correct way to stress the Russian surname Иванов? I have seen both Ивано́в and Ива́нов. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5375" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-10-23T15:09:11.863" LastActivityDate="2017-10-30T10:25:02.253" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;Иванов&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15130" CreationDate="2017-10-12T12:31:21.877" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ивано́в&lt;/code&gt; is much more common although some Ivanovs prefer to be called &lt;code&gt;Ива́нов&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also the possessive adjective &lt;code&gt;ива́нов&lt;/code&gt; (Ivan's): &lt;code&gt;Ива́нов день&lt;/code&gt; (Kupala Night).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-10-30T10:25:02.253" LastActivityDate="2017-10-30T10:25:02.253" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15132" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15130" CreationDate="2017-10-12T15:12:12.587" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say, if you are sure Ива́нов is a surname - then it most probably not Russian one but some West-Slavic (Bulgarian?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And even more probable, that Ива́нов was not surname, it was a genitive case of plural of Иван first name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ива́н =&gt; Ива́ны =&gt; Ива́нов&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;John =&gt; Johns =&gt; of Johns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD by Yellow Sky: Ива́нов can also be a nominative case singular possessive adjective (John's), like мамин, Серёжин, etc. Cf. &quot;Ива́нов день&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2017-10-19T09:07:08.863" LastActivityDate="2017-10-19T09:07:08.863" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15133" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15134" CreationDate="2017-10-12T22:09:19.897" Score="3" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com.ua/search?biw=1366&amp;amp;bih=662&amp;amp;tbm=isch&amp;amp;sa=1&amp;amp;q=spiral%20binding%20machine&amp;amp;oq=spiral%20binding%20ma&amp;amp;gs_l=psy-ab.1.0.0i67k1j0l2j0i67k1j0l6.126808.126972.0.129070.2.2.0.0.0.0.158.288.0j2.2.0....0...1.1.64.psy-ab..0.2.285....0.ACR--zy8iVA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;spiral binding machine&lt;/a&gt;&quot; called in Russian language? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*n.b. it is also known as &quot;comb binding machine&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been searching googling and I didn't find answer. My purpose is to find the translation in order to find one in Ukrainian web-store which sells it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QQ2M3.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/QQ2M3.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastActivityDate="2017-10-14T17:39:21.847" Title="What is &quot;spiral binding machine&quot; called in Russian language?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15133" CreationDate="2017-10-13T02:13:21.930" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 3 options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Переплетная машина&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;брошюровщик&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;переплетчик&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9641" LastEditorUserId="6907" LastEditDate="2017-10-14T17:39:21.847" LastActivityDate="2017-10-14T17:39:21.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14628" CreationDate="2017-10-13T15:59:24.967" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a word вороб&lt;strong&gt;ьи&lt;/strong&gt;, for example, и sounds like &lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt;ee. Otherwise, if there is no &lt;strong&gt;ь&lt;/strong&gt; infront of it, there is no &lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt; sound. Just like with я, ё, ю, е, actually. &#xA;In the word &lt;strong&gt;ни&lt;/strong&gt;ть &quot;ни&quot; sounds like in &quot;&lt;strong&gt;nee&lt;/strong&gt;d&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9644" LastActivityDate="2017-10-13T15:59:24.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6731" CreationDate="2017-10-14T12:00:14.953" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Что-то = simply &quot;something&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I spotted something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нечто = &lt;strong&gt;something&lt;/strong&gt; in bold. Something surprising, unexpected, stunning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I spotted &lt;strong&gt;something&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кое-что = something I know what but will not say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I spotted something, but this is secret.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2017-10-14T12:00:14.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15056" CreationDate="2017-10-15T13:37:30.960" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Несмотря на наличие &quot;литературных&quot; переводов данных строк, хотелось бы отметить, что в них слегка изменён оттенок выражения слов оригинальной песни.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;лениться&quot; - не хотеть что-либо делать, при этом подразумевается что на это нет весомой причины&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;не иметь желания&quot; - не хотеть что-либо делать, при этом подразумевается, что на это может быть причина (например, плохое настроение)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;наплевать&quot; - быть безразличным к чему-либо (осознанно или нет), выражение имеет негативный оттенок и не рекомендуется использовать, например, в литературных текстах&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;не колышат&quot; - совершенно обратное слову &quot;bothered&quot; - не беспокоит, безразлично (синоним &quot;наплевать&quot;). Так же не рекомендуется использовать в литературных текстах и интеллектуальных диалогах.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;достало&quot; - (= &quot;надоело&quot;), имеет слегка агрессивный оттенок, не выражает депрессии или печали. Разговорное выражение, не рекомендуется использовать в литературных текстах.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В тексте песни, скорее, говорится о том, что её &quot;беспокоят&quot; (original - bother), то есть отвлекают не важными для неё вещами, которыми она не хотела бы заниматься (в данный момент), и\или которые вызывают у неё грусть\печаль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I can't be bothered&quot; - дословно &quot;я не могу беспокоиться\переживать&quot;. Говорится о том, что она не хочет быть обеспокоенной\переживать. То есть, она понимает, что сейчас её беспокоят, но не хочет, чтобы это продолжалось; она устала от этого. Подобные фразы обычно не используются в устной речи, но используются во внутреннем диалоге с самим собой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;teachers always trying to shape the way I act&quot; - дословно &quot;учителя, которые всегда пытаются указывать мне, как вести себя&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Комбинируя две основные части предложения с использованием &quot;with&quot; получаем, что исполнительница ведёт диалог с собой - &quot;Я не хочу больше беспокоиться\переживать из-за учителей, которые всегда пытаются указывать мне, как вести себя&quot;. То есть она хочет жить своей жизнью и принимать решения самостоятельно. Данные выражения подразумевают глубокие душевные переживания, глубокую печаль, депрессию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Резюмируя,&#xA;&quot;can't be bothered with” = &quot;не могу переживать из-за&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7209" LastEditorUserId="7209" LastEditDate="2017-10-15T13:55:06.363" LastActivityDate="2017-10-15T13:55:06.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15138" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15139" CreationDate="2017-10-15T19:42:37.297" Score="4" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have questions regarding the sentence: &quot;I'm interested in Russian culture, especially in 'The Mighty Handful'&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are names for organizations or groups like &quot;Могучая кучка&quot; indeclinable or not?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Would «Я заинтересован в русской культуре, особенно &quot;Могучая кучка&quot;» or «Я заинтересован в русской культуре, особенно &quot;Могучей кучке&quot;» be correct? Why is it dative case and not accusative (культуру)?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8725" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-10-20T06:39:07.310" LastActivityDate="2017-10-20T06:39:07.310" Title="Are names for organizations indeclinable or not?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15138" CreationDate="2017-10-15T20:34:05.607" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я заинтересован в + Prepositional case&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;в культуре&quot; is actually Prepositional, not Dative) is a business term, that is, you are interested in something because you will get profit from it. The neutral way to translate &quot;I'm interested in X&quot; into Russian is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я интересуюсь + Instrumental case&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;: Я интересуюсь культурой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Меня интересует + Nominative case&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;: Меня интересует культура.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, the names of artistic groups, associations and organizations are written in quotation marks and begin with a capital letter, like this: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;«Могучая кучка»&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, naturally, such names, like all the proper names, are declined. That is why your sentence can be translated into Russian in two ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я интересуюсь русской культурой, особенно «Могучей кучкой».&lt;/em&gt; — Both objects are in the Instrumental case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Меня интересует русская культура, особенно «Могучая кучка».&lt;/em&gt; — What was indirect objects becomes subjects here, in the Nominative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, the second variant is easier since no case adjustments are needed. While you are at a beginner level, I'd recommend to use that 2nd variant to say &quot;I'm interested in X&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And remember, if a verb has two or more homogeneous objects, they must be in the same case, not the way you wrote it in the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-10-15T21:24:11.480" LastActivityDate="2017-10-15T21:24:11.480" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7944" CreationDate="2017-10-15T23:16:25.057" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To be short:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Все - means &quot;everyone&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Всё - &quot;everyting&quot;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there are a lot of exceptions.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You say &quot;все&quot; about something you can count. &quot;У меня есть все чашки&quot; - &quot;I have all the cups&quot;;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And you say &quot;всё&quot; about something you cannot count. &quot;Я выпил всё молоко&quot;- &quot;I drank all the milk&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9654" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-10-20T06:33:13.207" LastActivityDate="2017-10-20T06:33:13.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15141" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-16T12:37:09.573" Score="2" ViewCount="271" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm familiar with how -ехать is used to form perfective motion verbs with directional prefixes: приехать, уехать, etc.; and how ездить can be used to form perfectives with non-directional prefixes: съездить, поездить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question: can об- – with the sense of 'going everywhere in a place' be considered directional and non-directional both? I'm wondering about examples like these:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я вот, например, хотел объехать весь земной шар.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она объехала почти весь мир.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...and these:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я был в Америке, Израиле, объездил всю Европу…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Марио был агрономом, многолетним советником ООН по агрокультуре, объездил весь мир...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a nuance I'm missing between объехать and объездить here, or can they be used more or less interchangeably?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-10-16T16:07:45.417" Title="объехать vs. объездить for the sense of traveling all over a place?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15141" CreationDate="2017-10-16T13:16:29.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verbs &quot;объехать&quot; and &quot;объездить&quot; are &lt;strong&gt;absolute  synonyms&lt;/strong&gt; only in one meaning : &quot; to visit different places&quot; – побывать перебывать в разных местах.&#xA;In this meaning they are interchangeable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы объехали /объездили весь свет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Источник:&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Малый академический словарь русского языка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;объездить&#xA;-езжу, -ездишь; прич. страд. прош. объезженный, -жен, -а, -о; сов., перех.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(несов. объезжать2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;То же, что объехать (в 3 знач.)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;объехать&#xA;-еду, -едешь; повел. нет; сов., перех.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(несов. объезжать1).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;также без доп.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Проехать вокруг кого-, чего-л.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{Вася:} Как разбойники раза два кругом острова объедут, и все атаман глядит в трубу подзорную. А. Островский, Горячее сердце.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Проехать стороной, минуя кого-, что-л.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Объехать камень.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;□&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я надеялся объехать слободу благополучно. Пушкин, Капитанская дочка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отец сердито упрекал кучера за то, что он вовремя не объехал задержавшую их партию {арестантов}. Л. Толстой, Воскресение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ездя, побывать всюду, во многих местах, странах.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Помнишь, ты хотел после книг объехать чужие края, чтоб лучше знать и любить свой? И. Гончаров, Обломов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2017-10-16T15:28:01.380" LastActivityDate="2017-10-16T15:28:01.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15141" CreationDate="2017-10-16T14:35:39.737" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verbs &quot;объехать&quot; and &quot;объездить&quot; are &lt;strong&gt;not absolute&lt;/strong&gt; synonyms,&#xA;and they are not completely interchangeable (imho).&#xA;There is a nuance (at least for me).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Объехать&quot; might mean &quot;to visit different places in one travel&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Филеас Фогг объехал весь мир за 80 дней.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Объездить&quot; means &quot;to visit different places in separate travels,&#xA;with various directions&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я был в Америке, Израиле, объездил всю Европу…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means I had many separate voyages to different places in Europe,&#xA;returning home between them. Or at least I have stayed&#xA;in different places for substantial periods,&#xA;so I do not consider these travels as a single ride.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7939" LastActivityDate="2017-10-16T14:35:39.737" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15141" CreationDate="2017-10-16T14:52:54.500" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Объездить&lt;/strong&gt; is a bit &lt;em&gt;stronger&lt;/em&gt; word, often belonging to the expression &quot;&lt;strong&gt;объездить&lt;/strong&gt; (изъездить, исколесить) &lt;strong&gt;вдоль и поперёк&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. Some dictionaries (like Ushakov's one) mark it as '&lt;em&gt;colloquial&lt;/em&gt;' - anyway, &lt;strong&gt;объездить&lt;/strong&gt; is less formal than the neutral &lt;strong&gt;объехать&lt;/strong&gt; and usually means to visit those places &lt;em&gt;not just once&lt;/em&gt;, to travel &lt;em&gt;intensively&lt;/em&gt;, while объехать typically means '&lt;em&gt;to have been in every part&lt;/em&gt; of some big region (maybe just once and even maybe by the end of one's life)'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-10-16T14:52:54.500" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15141" CreationDate="2017-10-16T16:07:45.417" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To me there seems to be a stronger &lt;em&gt;continuity&lt;/em&gt; aspect in &lt;em&gt;объездить&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;объехать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Филеас Фогг объехал весь мир за 80 дней&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would translate into&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Phileas Fogg has travelled around the world in eighty days&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(as a single event) while &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я [...] объездил всю Европу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would instead be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I have/had been travelling around all Europe&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(over multiple events).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2017-10-16T16:07:45.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15148" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15156" CreationDate="2017-10-17T04:20:42.733" Score="7" ViewCount="371" Body="&lt;p&gt;What were the Imperial Russian terms for a mixed-race Siberian person?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historical background: As Russia expanded eastward, many mixed children were born to native women and Russian men. Near the end of this process, the Russian-American Company imported the Spanish term &lt;em&gt;criollo&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;descendant of persons not native to the New World&quot;, as &lt;em&gt;креол&lt;/em&gt; to describe such children in its colonies. The creoles were a distinct social estate with different rights than either of their parents (perhaps one инородцы and one сельские обыватели) had. According to Lydia Black's &quot;Russians in Alaska&quot; (pp. 215), &lt;em&gt;креол&lt;/em&gt; was never used or applied outside of Alaska. Reading that, I started to wonder what other terms it had replaced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="8359" LastEditDate="2017-10-17T15:34:05.527" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T12:17:02.713" Title="What were the original half-Russian Siberians called?" Tags="&lt;синонимы&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15149" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15154" CreationDate="2017-10-17T05:53:28.767" Score="3" ViewCount="483" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been constructing sentences lately using with &lt;code&gt;раньше&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later on, I came across with the word &lt;code&gt;прежде&lt;/code&gt; which I find similar at some point while I was searching for example sentences. For example, I came across with these sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он раньше курил. // He used to smoke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он прежде курил. // In the Tatoeba, it is translated the same as above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wanted to know their differences and at least, provide an example sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6436" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T15:04:59.343" Title="Difference between &quot;прежде&quot; или &quot;раньше&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15149" CreationDate="2017-10-17T07:47:30.273" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is quite subtle due to the two words being very close synonyms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;'Прежде'&lt;/strong&gt; is used to point out the difference between the current situation and the one observed before (&lt;strong&gt;'he used to smoke last time I met him, but now he doesn't'&lt;/strong&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;'Раньше'&lt;/strong&gt;, on the other hand, simply means 'earlier' as in 'at some point back in time', but, nevertheless, is sometimes also used to mean 'прежде'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if translated fully, the two sentences would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Он прежде курил&quot;: &lt;em&gt;Before&lt;/em&gt;, he used to smoke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Он раньше курил&quot;: &lt;em&gt;Earlier&lt;/em&gt;, he used to smoke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastActivityDate="2017-10-17T07:47:30.273" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15152" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15161" CreationDate="2017-10-17T08:19:26.317" Score="3" ViewCount="189" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm learning Russian. In the tutorial they say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Витя дома&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;meaning&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Victor is at home&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also they say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Витя в Токио&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Victor is in Tokyo&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why are they using в at one place and not using в at another place?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9653" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-10-18T13:51:37.943" LastActivityDate="2017-10-18T13:51:37.943" Title="When to use &quot;в&quot; and when not to use?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15152" CreationDate="2017-10-17T08:35:25.877" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;'&lt;strong&gt;Дома&lt;/strong&gt;' is a locative adverb, much like e.g. '&lt;strong&gt;наверху&lt;/strong&gt;' or '&lt;strong&gt;внизу&lt;/strong&gt;', and, as such, does not require a preposition. Actually, in colloquial English, one can also say 'I'm home' to state the fact of arriving there, also making the word 'home' an adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastActivityDate="2017-10-17T08:35:25.877" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15149" CreationDate="2017-10-17T08:50:52.780" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In your examples &amp;quot;Раньше и прежде&amp;quot; are synonyms in the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;used to&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.  The difference is in usage. Whereas &amp;quot;раньше&amp;quot; is &lt;strong&gt;neutral&lt;/strong&gt;,  &amp;quot;прежде &amp;quot; is considered to be &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;bookish&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and is often met in literature.&#xA;In English they are translated He used to smoke(both раньше и прежде)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Раньше время было другое. (Neutral )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Прежде времена другие были.(Bookish)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Прежде has one more meaning &amp;quot;сначала, сперва(first)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Прежде думай, потом говори.(First think, then speak)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-10-17T08:50:52.780" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15155" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15157" CreationDate="2017-10-17T10:07:59.077" Score="5" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to imply &lt;strong&gt;but&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; can mean both &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;but&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, &lt;strong&gt;но&lt;/strong&gt; also means &lt;strong&gt;but&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, when should I use &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; and when should I use &lt;strong&gt;но&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9653" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-10-19T14:06:33.770" LastActivityDate="2017-10-21T12:18:18.233" Title="To imply &quot;but&quot; when should I use &quot;а&quot; and when should I use &quot;но&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15148" CreationDate="2017-10-17T10:26:11.557" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no such thing like &quot;Siberian person&quot; - Siberia is huge, really huge and was populated by very different people with different history, culture and genetic heritage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, there never was a single term universally used. Well, there's a word &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;полукровка&quot;&lt;/a&gt; but it was used in context of any racial or ethnic mix-up. Also keep in mind that it's de-facto shifting to being offensive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But Russia does not have any special diversified terminology like &lt;code&gt;самбо&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;метисы&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;креолы&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;мулаты&lt;/code&gt; which can be used for multi-ethnic people of some Russian origin. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other thing is that quite often Russian settlers mixed with local people - and new ethnic groups came to existence. In Transbaikal region there were so-called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;гураны&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, in Yakutia there were so-called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;якутяне&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (nowadays this term is used to designated the population of Yakutia as a whole). In modern times, a person who have one Yakut parent and one Russian parent is called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;сахаляр&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. There were so-called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;албазинцы&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, who ethnically were more Chinese, but culturally — a mix between the Russian and Chinese cultures. There were &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;камчадалы&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, there were &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;чалдоны&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, actually this list can be amended with dozens of other words of this kind. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But almost all of these words are purely of historical interest and were more about culture, rather than race.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-10-29T22:54:26.517" LastActivityDate="2017-10-29T22:54:26.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15155" CreationDate="2017-10-17T12:08:16.660" Score="9" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;'&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;' can be used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;to juxtapose contrasting statements referring to the same subject category (with the meaning of 'and' or 'while'). The test here is that you can easily swap the statements without changing the meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Васе семь лет, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; Диме - восемь. --- Vasya is seven &lt;strong&gt;and/while&lt;/strong&gt; Dima is eight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слон большой, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; мышь - маленькая. --- The elephant is big &lt;strong&gt;and/while&lt;/strong&gt; the mouse is small.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы уезжаем в понедельник, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; возвращаемся в пятницу. --- We depart on Monday &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; return on Friday.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;to join statements with a one-way logical connection between them (the second statement implies the first one, but not vice versa). Here, '&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;' is interchangeable with '&lt;strong&gt;but&lt;/strong&gt;'. You can test this case by trying to replace 'but' with 'however'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жить хорошо, &lt;strong&gt;а/но&lt;/strong&gt; хорошо жить - еще лучше. --- Life is good &lt;strong&gt;and/but/however&lt;/strong&gt; good life is even better.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если ты ей не позвонишь, то она обидится, &lt;strong&gt;а/но&lt;/strong&gt; это совсем не то, чего тебе бы хотелось. --- If you don't call her, she'll be offended, &lt;strong&gt;but/however&lt;/strong&gt; that's not what you'd want.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;'&lt;strong&gt;но&lt;/strong&gt;' always means 'but/however', joining contrasting statements that refer to different subject categories and do not imply each other:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вася и Дима учатся в одном классе, &lt;strong&gt;но&lt;/strong&gt; Дима старше. -- Vasya and Dima are classmates, &lt;strong&gt;but/however&lt;/strong&gt; Dima is older.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хотел вчера дописать рассказ, &lt;strong&gt;но&lt;/strong&gt; не смог. --- Wanted to finish the tale yesterday, &lt;strong&gt;but&lt;/strong&gt; couldn't.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-10-17T12:14:59.333" LastActivityDate="2017-10-17T12:14:59.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15149" CreationDate="2017-10-17T20:20:50.470" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You cannot say: &quot;Он прежде курил&quot;. I do not think this word goes well along with that particular sentence. You could say something like: Прежде чем покурить дорогой сигарет, он позвони другу насчет книги- He called his friend regarding a book before he smoked an expensive cigarette. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8591" LastActivityDate="2017-10-17T20:20:50.470" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15152" CreationDate="2017-10-18T12:00:38.640" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Дома&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;at house&quot;, &lt;code&gt;в доме&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;in the house&quot; - this just should be memoized. There are no other such cases, since &quot;дома&quot; is quite special word in this aspect. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a sidenote, there's also form &lt;code&gt;на дому&lt;/code&gt; (and this is actually real example of locative) - it's about having some work-related practice at home, like &quot;Врач принимает на дому&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-10-18T12:00:38.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15162" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-19T14:05:06.443" Score="4" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are &quot;&lt;em&gt;перекрестье&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;перекрестие&lt;/em&gt;&quot; two different words with different meanings? Or are they two variants of the same word? Can they be used interchangeably?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3503" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-10-19T14:55:44.483" LastActivityDate="2017-10-19T17:46:11.177" Title="&quot;Перекрестье&quot; vs. &quot;перекрестие&quot; — what's the difference?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15163" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15162" CreationDate="2017-10-19T14:46:15.170" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;перекре́стие, -я (в оптике)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Refers to optics, such as cross hairs in a gun optical scope&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;перекре́стье, -я, р. мн. -тий &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Refers to an intersection of something or something that forms a cross.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;src: &lt;a href=&quot;http://orfo.ruslang.ru/search/word&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://orfo.ruslang.ru/search/word&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;src: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.efremova.info/word/perekrestje.html#.Wei6iIZrxYg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.efremova.info/word/perekrestje.html#.Wei6iIZrxYg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3848" LastActivityDate="2017-10-19T14:46:15.170" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15162" CreationDate="2017-10-19T14:47:19.803" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;They have exactly the same meaning. In written Russian, nouns ending in &lt;em&gt;'-вие'&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;'-тие'&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;'-лие'&lt;/em&gt; are often changed to use &lt;em&gt;'-ье'&lt;/em&gt; instead for a poetic, sublime, or 'old-fashioned' effect: &lt;em&gt;призванье&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;долголетье&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;страданье&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;тренье&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;понятье&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;бесправье&lt;/em&gt;. - however, you won't encounter those in nowadays speech very often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A reverse substitution can sometimes be observed in some nouns ending in &lt;em&gt;'-ье'&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;похмелие&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;веселие&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;бездорожие&lt;/em&gt;, although one will typically find such usage only in pre-20th-century written sources or in texts mimicking those.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-10-19T17:46:11.177" LastActivityDate="2017-10-19T17:46:11.177" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15162" CreationDate="2017-10-19T14:54:28.040" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Words ending with '-ие' such &lt;code&gt;перекрестие&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;мерцание&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;создвездие&lt;/code&gt; and so on quite often have alternative form ending with &lt;code&gt;-ье&lt;/code&gt;, like in &lt;code&gt;перекрестье&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;мерцанье&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;созвездье&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Generally speaking, &lt;code&gt;-ье&lt;/code&gt; form is either poetic, obsolete and/or used in colloquial speech.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer provided is strictly speaking wrong. Let's refer to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.efremova.info/word/perekrestje.html#.Wei7bhOCxp9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; provided:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;перекре́стье&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;ср. разг.&lt;/strong&gt; Место пересечения чего-л. То, что имеет форму креста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, this is just a colloquial form. &#xA;The other thing is that for some words there's indeed a tendency to designate different things - like &lt;code&gt;воскресенье&lt;/code&gt; for Sunday and &lt;code&gt;воскресение&lt;/code&gt; for the Resurrection. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;May be we are facing the same kind of process with &lt;code&gt;перекрестье&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;перекрестие&lt;/code&gt; but I'd rather say they &lt;strong&gt;these words are interchangeable but &lt;code&gt;перекрестие&lt;/code&gt; is preferable&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-10-19T15:13:18.260" LastActivityDate="2017-10-19T15:13:18.260" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15166" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15167" CreationDate="2017-10-19T18:25:35.287" Score="8" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;p&gt;повернись - повернитесь - повернуться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ложись - ложитесь - ложиться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;оглянись - оглянитесь - оглянуться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;успокойся - успокойтесь - успокоиться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;уймись - уймитесь - ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-10-23T15:07:05.023" LastActivityDate="2017-10-23T15:07:05.023" Title="The infinitive of &quot;уймитесь&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15166" CreationDate="2017-10-19T18:29:08.763" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;уняться&lt;/a&gt;&quot;. Well, usually the answer supposed to be somewhat wider, but in this particular case that's virtually all that can be said)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; To make this answer slightly more informative, here's what worth to me mentioned. There's a bunch of verbs in Russian - &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;понять&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;занять&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;code&gt;нанять&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;унять&lt;/code&gt; etc. that have form with -йм: &lt;code&gt;пойми&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;займи&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;найми&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;уйми&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically this is because &lt;code&gt;нять&lt;/code&gt; is derived from Proto-Slavic &lt;code&gt;jęti&lt;/code&gt;, which also reconstructed in form &lt;code&gt;*jьmǫ&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Curious relevant fact: &lt;code&gt;понять&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;поймать&lt;/code&gt; are actually related. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-10-19T21:11:46.507" LastActivityDate="2017-10-19T21:11:46.507" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15168" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15171" CreationDate="2017-10-20T23:24:32.127" Score="7" ViewCount="2694" Body="&lt;p&gt;I rarely hear &lt;em&gt;благодарю&lt;/em&gt;, so I was wondering under which circumstances would one use that word? Are &lt;em&gt;благодарю&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;спасибо&lt;/em&gt; interchangeable? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-10-23T08:53:13.723" LastActivityDate="2021-04-30T09:37:30.150" Title="What is the difference between &quot;благодарю&quot; and &quot;спасибо&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15108" CreationDate="2017-10-21T01:16:46.883" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;I need to get those cats washed&quot;. - perfective&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I have to wash those cats [every day].&quot; - imperfective&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2017-10-21T01:16:46.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15168" CreationDate="2017-10-22T05:01:09.433" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are interchangeable to a certain degree. &lt;code&gt;Благодарю&lt;/code&gt; is much more formal. In some cases, it might also be considered more polite. This being said, &lt;code&gt;Спасибо&lt;/code&gt; is absolutely &quot;safe&quot; and polite in any situation. When in doubt, I would suggest using &lt;code&gt;Спасибо&lt;/code&gt;, as &lt;code&gt;Благодарю&lt;/code&gt; may sound a bit awkward, outdated or even sarcastic (in certain contexts).&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Спасибо&lt;/code&gt; could be translated as both &lt;code&gt;Thank you&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Thanks&lt;/code&gt;, while &lt;code&gt;Благодарю&lt;/code&gt; only as &lt;code&gt;Thank you&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Благодарю is still widely used in some fixed phrases like &lt;code&gt;&quot;Благодарю за внимание&quot;&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Thank you for your attention&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9594" LastActivityDate="2017-10-22T05:01:09.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7944" CreationDate="2017-10-22T09:37:42.757" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;все&amp;quot; means everything, anything, everybody, everyone, anyone&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;всё&amp;quot; means all&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;For example&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Всем пока&amp;quot; goodbye everyone&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Всё готово&amp;quot; all done&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9037" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-10-22T09:37:42.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7944" CreationDate="2017-10-22T17:27:32.743" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A small addendum about substitution and context. In texts for &lt;em&gt;language learners&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; should always be used. However, if you look into texts by native speakers, esp. into somewhat literature-based texts for native speakers, &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; is mostly replaced with an &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if a literature example from a non-adapted book does not make sense, consider thinking if a &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; replacement did not take place. Basing on above examples, if you see&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вася выпил все молоко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;this is actually a &lt;code&gt;всё молоко&lt;/code&gt;, but a native speaker is expected to infer this from the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2017-10-22T17:27:32.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15174" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15175" CreationDate="2017-10-23T01:19:27.240" Score="4" ViewCount="2570" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't really understand when to use each so generally I use the latter but I was wondering,&#xA;is it ok to use the former with people you just met?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="9603" LastEditDate="2017-12-13T03:24:31.167" LastActivityDate="2017-12-13T03:24:31.167" Title="What is the difference between &quot;я люблю&quot; and &quot;мне нравится&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15174" CreationDate="2017-10-23T01:37:10.060" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally, &quot;я люблю&quot; is just a stronger, more definite version of &quot;мне нравится&quot;. When it is about things, foods, occupations etc., they are more or less interchangeable, e. g. both &quot;Мне нравится запах напалма по утрам&quot; and &quot;Я люблю запах напалма по утрам&quot; are OK, the former is more like just stating a fact, the latter is a bit stronger and more passionate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it comes to people and relationship, it's basically same as above, but with the additional nuance of being permanent and exclusive. For example, &quot;Мне нравятся Катя, Маша и Таня.&quot; (e.g. I kinda like all three of them somewhat) vs. &quot;Я люблю Таню.&quot; (e.g. she is &lt;em&gt;the one&lt;/em&gt;, it's more like the confession of love, not to be used lightly). &quot;Я люблю&quot; also usually bears sexual (and/or matrimonial) implications, if you want to use something strong but without those, you could say &quot;Я обожаю ...&quot; Obviously, a lot depends on the context as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a native speaker says &quot;I love you&quot; to a person he just met, that person would probably be a little scared. However, the perception may vary between different sub-cultural groups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastEditorUserId="9118" LastEditDate="2017-10-23T01:43:24.343" LastActivityDate="2017-10-23T01:43:24.343" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15174" CreationDate="2017-10-23T14:48:06.263" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, you should distinguish the phrases 'I like/love &lt;em&gt;smth in general&lt;/em&gt;' from 'I like/love &lt;em&gt;this particular thing&lt;/em&gt;'. As @Headcrab said, &quot;люблю&quot; denotes a settled and durable feeling, while &quot;нравится&quot; can refer to both deep and superficial feelings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I like/love flowers [in general]. -- &lt;em&gt;Мне нравятся цветы&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;Я люблю цветы&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I like/love &lt;strong&gt;this kind of&lt;/strong&gt; flowers -- &lt;em&gt;Мне нравятся такие цветы&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;Я люблю такие цветы&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I like/love &lt;strong&gt;these&lt;/strong&gt; [particular] flowers -- &lt;em&gt;Мне нравятся эти цветы&lt;/em&gt; only. &lt;em&gt;Я люблю эти цветы&lt;/em&gt; would imply that this specific bunch of flowers has been standing there for a long time, with the speaker admiring it every now and then and probably falling in love with it :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same applies to the common English phrase 'I love it!' (&quot;Мне нравится!&quot; only).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, using &quot;люблю&quot; with a first-time acquaintance should definitely be avoided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With verbs, both words can be used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I like/love to travel. -- &lt;em&gt;Я люблю путешествовать&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;Мне нравится путешествовать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, keep in mind that '&lt;strong&gt;would like/love to&lt;/strong&gt;' would usually be translated using &lt;strong&gt;want&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;enjoy&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to travel. -- &lt;em&gt;Я хотел бы отправиться в путешествие&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would love to travel. -- &lt;em&gt;Я бы с удовольствием отправился в путешествие&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-10-23T14:55:45.050" LastActivityDate="2017-10-23T14:55:45.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15177" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15178" CreationDate="2017-10-23T15:30:31.620" Score="6" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was listening to song &lt;code&gt;Играть, чтобы жить&lt;/code&gt;, by &lt;code&gt;Павел Пламенев&lt;/code&gt;. Something is really bothering me in the lyrics. I understand the song well, vocabulary is not a problem for me here. Except this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ты сам себе сказал:&#xA;- Встать!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shouldn't it be...?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ты сам себе сказал:&#xA;- Встань!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After all it is an imperative, there is even an exclamation mark, isn't it? What do I am missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9657" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-10-23T15:50:27.410" LastActivityDate="2017-10-23T16:07:02.490" Title="&quot;Встань&quot; or &quot;встать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;imperative&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15177" CreationDate="2017-10-23T15:46:07.090" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both forms are correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Встань&quot; - is for &quot;[you,] stand up!&quot; - it's the imperative form. &quot;Встать!&quot; is the infinitive form that also can be used in modern Russian as an imperative. The difference is that infinitive imperative is more command-like, hard and generally speaking more offensive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A policemen can shout out: &quot;Встать!&quot;, but mother would tell her son: &quot;Встань&quot;. A lover can ask: &quot;Смотри мне в глаза&quot;, a detective can yell at the suspect:  &quot;В глаза мне смотреть!&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other difference is the &lt;code&gt;встань&lt;/code&gt; is for a singular you (&quot;ты&quot; in Russian), for referring group of people - or just being polite - one should use &lt;code&gt;встаньте&lt;/code&gt;. &quot;Встать&quot; is correct both for &quot;ты&quot; and &quot;вы&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; as of what's the difference between &lt;code&gt;встать&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;вставать&lt;/code&gt; - this is perfectly covered &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/2805/difference-between-%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C-and-%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-10-23T16:07:02.490" LastActivityDate="2017-10-23T16:07:02.490" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15179" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-25T02:21:29.747" Score="0" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can someone explain the correct pronunciation of &quot;o&quot;? (I know it may vary but maybe there's some rule of thumb that I can take advantage of).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take &lt;strong&gt;just&lt;/strong&gt; the word &lt;em&gt;мост&lt;/em&gt; for example, it seems that &quot;&lt;em&gt;o&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is pronounced as &lt;em&gt;o&lt;/em&gt;, but when you combine it with &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; as in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;на мосту&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pronunciation starts to sound like &quot;a&quot;, is this because of the dative case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, can we generalize this? Like, can I say that whenever you get the dative case of a noun the first &quot;&lt;em&gt;o&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is pronounced as &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastActivityDate="2017-10-25T02:21:29.747" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;о&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;word&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2017-10-25T08:34:47.703" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15180" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-26T12:40:46.543" Score="1" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Такой ответ, покозание человека вникающего детали, то есть, такой человек будут досконально разбираться в рабочих вопросах. &lt;strong&gt;Способность подвергать вещи сомнению осмыслению очень важная черта которая ценит работодателю.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the last sentence in the passage correctly formed ? If yes, what is the object and the verb in that expression - &lt;strong&gt;подвергать вещи сомнению осмыслению&lt;/strong&gt; - does the verb &lt;strong&gt;подвергать&lt;/strong&gt; relate to the noun &lt;strong&gt;сомнению&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;осмыслению&lt;/strong&gt; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9694" LastEditorUserId="9694" LastEditDate="2017-10-26T13:11:40.303" LastActivityDate="2017-10-26T13:11:40.303" Title="meaning of the sentence" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="9" ClosedDate="2017-10-26T12:55:59.810" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15182" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15183" CreationDate="2017-10-28T02:23:21.030" Score="8" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is it &quot;девяностОлетний&quot;, but &quot;сорокАлетний&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Isn't it like the linking vowels in Russian are only &quot;о&quot; and &quot;е&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2017-10-28T11:20:49.397" Title="Why is it &quot;девяностОлетний&quot;, but &quot;сорокАлетний&quot;?" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15183" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15182" CreationDate="2017-10-28T05:38:01.590" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are the rules for declining composits with the first numeral root. &#xA;We use the genitive in this case but not a connecting vowel:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Одиннадцать → одиннадцат&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Двадцать → двадцат&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тридцать → тридцат&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сорок → сорок&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пятьдесят → пятидесят&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Шестьдесят → шестидесят&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Семьдесят → семидесят&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Восемьдесят → восьмидесят&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еxceptions: &lt;em&gt;один (одн&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;летний), девяносто (девяност&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;летний), сто (ст&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;летний), тысяча (тысяч&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;летний)&lt;/em&gt;. In these cases we use connecting vowels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sourse: Розенталь, «Справочник по правописанию и литературной правке» (М. , 1978), 37 page, 6 point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1027" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-10-28T11:20:49.397" LastActivityDate="2017-10-28T11:20:49.397" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15184" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15185" CreationDate="2017-10-30T05:52:49.810" Score="5" ViewCount="302" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems both words can translate to &quot;department&quot;, &quot;college&quot;, or &quot;school&quot;, and each of those English words refers to some division of a higher educational institution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does one distinguish the usage of these two words, especially in the Russian education system?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7349" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-10-30T11:01:33.633" LastActivityDate="2017-11-03T19:40:15.597" Title="What is the difference between &quot;кафедра&quot; and &quot;факультет&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;терминология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15185" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15184" CreationDate="2017-10-30T05:54:43.663" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &quot;Кафедра&quot; is a part of &quot;Факультет&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This unit, which deals with a deeper study of the issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in the physics department there can be a subdepartment of electrodynamics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(На физическом факультете может быть кафедра электродинамики).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9213" LastEditorUserId="9213" LastEditDate="2017-10-30T12:26:02.103" LastActivityDate="2017-10-30T12:26:02.103" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15186" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-10-30T09:05:15.497" Score="3" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Не знаю куда мне пойти, на правый берег или на левый.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Да какая разница, на правый или на левый.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do I need these commas here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2017-10-30T13:39:46.843" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T14:32:41.283" Title="Commas in questions with two options" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15187" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15186" CreationDate="2017-10-30T09:37:22.267" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, those commas are required. Rosenthal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§ 22. Уточняющие члены предложения&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обособляются (выделяются запятыми, реже — тире) слова и словосочетания, уточняющие смысл предшествующих слов (уточнение — это переход от более широкого понятия к более узкому). Чаще всего уточняются обстоятельства и определения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Уточняющие обстоятельства места: Там, ниже, мох тощий, кустарник седой (П.); Внизу, в тени, шумел Дунай (Тютч.); Илья Ильич учился в Верхлёве, верстах в пяти от Обломовки, у тамошнего управляющего немца Штольца (Гонч.); Прямо против кордона, на том берегу, всё было пусто (Л. Т.); [...]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your examples the word being clarified (уточняемое слово) is куда. In the second example it is implied: Да какая разница [куда], ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-10-30T10:54:29.080" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15188" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15189" CreationDate="2017-11-02T04:58:59.810" Score="10" ViewCount="829" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across this exercise (pg 191 in Russian in an Easy Way if that helps) where it talks about the Olympics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One sentence is: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Зимние игры называют Белой Олимпиадой.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand the verb as 'to call, name' followed by the instrumental case. But it sounds like the 'winter games' are calling something the 'white Olympics'. If they are being called that why not use себя, or a reflexive verb or the dative case....?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope I provided enough context, but if not here is a pic of the page (it is at the end):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8CaEr.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8CaEr.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-11-06T15:03:12.427" LastActivityDate="2017-12-16T01:36:40.150" Title="Calling a proper noun with &quot;называть&quot;" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;composite-nouns&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15188" CreationDate="2017-11-02T05:52:04.767" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand where your confusion comes from: the verb seemingly agrees with the preceding noun which you mistook for the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sentence is actually of a special kind called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;неопределённо-личные предложения&lt;/a&gt; (&amp;quot;indefinite person sentences&amp;quot;). They have no subject and the verb is in the third person plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В зале &lt;strong&gt;поют&lt;/strong&gt;. - There is singing in the hall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;сказали&lt;/strong&gt; принести это сюда. - I was told to bring it here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;принесли&lt;/strong&gt; эту книгу. - Someone brought me this book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ему здесь всегда &lt;strong&gt;рады&lt;/strong&gt;. - He is always welcome here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The subject is not mentioned because it is not important. There are a few ways to render such sentences into English (which normally requires a subject): using the passive voice ('I was told'), using an indefinite pronoun ('someone') or restructuring the sentence, see above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the predicate is plural, it bears no indication of number. E.g. if you are told:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Проходите, вас &lt;strong&gt;ждут&lt;/strong&gt;. - Please come in, they are waiting for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From this phrase alone, you can't deduce how many people are waiting for you, it could be one. Another example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что делать, если &lt;strong&gt;говорят&lt;/strong&gt;, что &lt;strong&gt;любят&lt;/strong&gt;, но замуж не &lt;strong&gt;берут&lt;/strong&gt;? - What do I do if I'm told that I'm loved but never get proposed to?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Despite of the plural, it is obvious that the person does not want to marry many people at once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back to your sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зимние игры &lt;strong&gt;называют&lt;/strong&gt; Белой Олимпиадой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using &lt;code&gt;называют&lt;/code&gt; with no subject is a common way to say what something is called. The subject (who is doing the calling) is not important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;code&gt;называть&lt;/code&gt; takes two complements:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;называть &amp;lt;кого-либо/что-либо (Accusative)&amp;gt; &amp;lt;кем-либо/чем-либо (Instrumental)&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to call &amp;lt;something&amp;gt; &amp;lt;something&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Зимние игры&lt;/code&gt; fill the accusative case slot in your sentence. To make this more obvious, one could also say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Олимпиаду называют зимними играми.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &lt;code&gt;Олимпиаду&lt;/code&gt; is in the Accusative and &lt;code&gt;зимними играми&lt;/code&gt; is in the Instrumental case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;N.B. There is also &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;безличные предложения&lt;/a&gt; (impersonal sentences) which are slightly different from &amp;quot;indefinite-person&amp;quot; sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-12-04T21:01:22.073" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15188" CreationDate="2017-11-02T06:43:40.577" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is the same as &quot;they call it the White Olympics&quot;.&#xA;In addition to other answer I'd like to note that this form is always used with plural form of the verb называть. So it's easy to distinguish two different cases if you use some singular or uncountable object like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нефть называют чёрным золотом. &lt;em&gt;They call oil the &quot;black gold&quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Америку называют страной свободных людей. &lt;em&gt;America is a country of free men, they say.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you can clearly see that plural называют is not to express an action of &quot;oil&quot; entity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9606" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-11-02T12:41:07.607" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T12:41:07.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15188" CreationDate="2017-11-02T09:27:30.387" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you gave an answer to your own question while asking. You just wrote:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But it sounds like the 'winter games' are calling &lt;strong&gt;something&lt;/strong&gt; the 'white Olympics'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you are quite right that зимние игры называют could act as a subject and a verb in the sentence, but the verb requires a direct object, that very &quot;something &quot;. If there's no object the sentence sounds weird. &#xA;So &lt;strong&gt;зимние игры&lt;/strong&gt; here is a &lt;strong&gt;direct object&lt;/strong&gt; in the &lt;strong&gt;impersonal sentence&lt;/strong&gt;.  They call winter games... This is a popular way to render passive voice in Russian while translating from English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T09:27:30.387" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15188" CreationDate="2017-11-02T09:37:51.347" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sentences &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;without subject&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; with verbs in plural form accusative case are used in formal texts to describe sort of widespread common knowledge. Grammatically this implies an omitted subject like &lt;em&gt;все / люди / они.&lt;/em&gt; Usually this is translated to English using passive voice:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Москву также &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;называют&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; Белокаменной. — The city of Moscow is also called &amp;quot;The White-stone One&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Плетёные корзины &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;изготовляют&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; из ветвей ивы. — Wicker baskets are made of willow branches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Этот праздник &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;отмечают&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; в конце лета. — This holiday is celebrated at the end of summer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;После окончания ремонта инструмент тщательно &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чистят&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. — After completion of repair works the instrument[s] should be thoroughly cleaned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T09:37:51.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15148" CreationDate="2017-11-02T12:17:02.713" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only useful meaning for &quot;Siberian person&quot; is a person who have lived in Siberia for a long time or has been born there (often in context to be proud of he does not afraid of cold or he has a strong spirit). In Russian the term Siberian person is &lt;code&gt;сибиряк&lt;/code&gt; - for men and &lt;code&gt;сибирячка&lt;/code&gt; - for women. About ethnic group it can be said that the person is for example half-Russian or half-Chinese - &lt;code&gt;наполовину русский&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;наполовину китаец&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;May be where some terms that locals can used for specific half-Russian person but they are not spread much(i live in central region and can remember none) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And term &lt;code&gt;полукровка&lt;/code&gt; is almost in fantasy context - for example Harry Potter is well-known &lt;code&gt;полукровка&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9712" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T12:17:02.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15168" CreationDate="2017-11-02T13:03:24.223" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Благодарю&lt;/code&gt; it is almost like &lt;code&gt;спасибо&lt;/code&gt; but a bit you are wearing a top hat and a walking stick. Person considered to have a unique style(if he always use this word), be a bit fancy, or just formal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9712" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T13:03:24.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15195" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15196" CreationDate="2017-11-02T13:39:58.103" Score="1" ViewCount="225" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вот&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;behold&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, &lt;strong&gt;вот офис&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;here is office&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why &lt;strong&gt;вот&lt;/strong&gt; is having different meanings in different places?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9653" LastActivityDate="2017-11-07T04:24:39.620" Title="Implementation of the word &quot;вот&quot; in different places" Tags="&lt;word&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15195" CreationDate="2017-11-02T14:46:13.307" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you want to point on something or somebody &lt;code&gt;вот офис&lt;/code&gt; - here is the office (point to office with your hand or say at the end of excursion), &lt;code&gt;вот зефир&lt;/code&gt; - here is the marshmallow (point to marshmallow with your hand or give somebody a plate with marshmallow), &lt;code&gt;вот эта девушка&lt;/code&gt; here is the girl (show the girl on a smartphone), &lt;code&gt;вот, возьми чашку в шкафу&lt;/code&gt; - take the cap in the cupboard (point to the cupboard with hand).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an amplification (maybe this meaning is not much different from the first) &lt;code&gt;а вот мой пирог вкуснее&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;вот мой пирог вкуснее&lt;/code&gt; - and my pie is more tasty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a filler word at the end of &lt;strong&gt;any&lt;/strong&gt; sentence, but it is treated as if you are bad speaker or a kid: &lt;code&gt;Я голодный. Вот.&lt;/code&gt; - I am hungry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вот ты сказал неправду сейчас&lt;/code&gt; - you have lied now. You can say this without &lt;code&gt;Вот&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;сейчас&lt;/code&gt; or use only one of them - the are amplifiers at this case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &lt;code&gt;Пожалуйста, внимание. Вот наш новый программист&lt;/code&gt; - Attention please, here is our new programmer (two persons have entered the room with coworkers) and &lt;code&gt;вот наш новый программист сказал, что ты не прав&lt;/code&gt; - and our new programmer said that you are wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9712" LastEditorUserId="4833" LastEditDate="2017-11-04T07:57:55.487" LastActivityDate="2017-11-04T07:57:55.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14977" CreationDate="2017-11-02T15:21:55.830" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you will say &lt;code&gt;Вяло текущая река&lt;/code&gt; in the context of river, say, standing on the bank of river - your friends may consider you to be a witty person. I think i should remember this for a good reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9712" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T15:21:55.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15199" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14680" CreationDate="2017-11-02T15:43:20.687" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because it is very special tool most people does not know what it is or how it is called and i think in different regions it can be called differently. But me and everybody i know call it &lt;code&gt;растушка&lt;/code&gt;. And i think there is not much difference in these words &lt;code&gt;растушка&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;растушовка&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9712" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T15:43:20.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14420" CreationDate="2017-11-02T16:07:27.147" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there is no consensus about translation yet and everybody try on their own. I have faced with &lt;code&gt;всеобъемлющий&lt;/code&gt; (and have accepted this for me) it has 3 470 search results on google. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9712" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T16:07:27.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15188" CreationDate="2017-11-02T16:19:58.450" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The use of the verb &quot;называют&quot; without a subject is extremely common, with the meaning of &quot;they call...&quot; or &quot;some people call...&quot;. The inversion of the verb with the object is also common in this context. In Russian the word order is more flexible than in English: we tend to put the &lt;em&gt;topic&lt;/em&gt; of the sentence first, even when it differs from the grammatical subject. (Here the &lt;em&gt;grammatical&lt;/em&gt; subject is &quot;they&quot; or &quot;some people&quot;, but the sentence is not really about the people: it is about the &quot;winter games&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The use of this verb without the first object is, on the other hand, extremely uncommon to the point of being borderline ungrammatical - as it does not really make sense to provide a name without specifying the object being named.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is true that &lt;em&gt;technically&lt;/em&gt; this sentence could be read in two ways, but one meaning is really much more natural than the other. Russian speakers are used to word order inversions; so when they try to figure out whether &quot;Зимние игры&quot; is in fact a nominative or an accusative (as it could be both), its position at the beginning of the sentence is not necessarily the first cue that they consider.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one tried to avoid this ambiguity (even though, as I said, there is really no need to), one could indeed say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Зимние игры называются Белой Олимпиадой.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However the the two formulations have different nuances of meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I would translate the original sentence as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;They&lt;/strong&gt; call the winter games the White Olympiad&quot;, or maybe even &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Some people&lt;/strong&gt; call...&quot;. This leaves room for the possibility that other people prefer to use a different name.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The other one, though, I would translate it as &quot;The winter games &lt;strong&gt;are called&lt;/strong&gt; the White Olympiad&quot;. That's just what their name is, period; there is no subjectivity involved.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8929" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T16:19:58.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15202" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15203" CreationDate="2017-11-02T19:30:21.713" Score="6" ViewCount="2778" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand they both mean &quot;go&quot;, but I'd like to know when I should use each. Are these words interchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-21T14:30:35.760" LastActivityDate="2017-12-21T14:30:35.760" Title="What's the difference between &quot;ходить&quot; and &quot;идти&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15202" CreationDate="2017-11-02T20:13:52.660" Score="7" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Ходить&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is a repetitive action, while &quot;&lt;em&gt;идти&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is not. For example,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;em&gt;иду&lt;/em&gt; в гости --&gt; I go visiting&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Кто &lt;em&gt;ходит&lt;/em&gt; в гости по утрам, тот поступает мудро --&gt; One who (is used to / often) goes visiting in the mornings, does a smart thing (just kidding)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both verbs have also other usages, which are not interchangeable in any way. For example,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Идёт&lt;/em&gt; дождь --&gt; It rains&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Пол &lt;em&gt;ходит&lt;/em&gt; ходуном --&gt; The floor shakes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T20:13:52.660" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15202" CreationDate="2017-11-02T21:28:43.083" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While Matt's answer is almost correct, his examples are a bit off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most cases the difference is the same as between Simple and Continuous tenses in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду в школу - I'm on my way to school (technically it's &quot;I'm going&#xA;  to school&quot;, but this latter sounds a bit weird)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я хожу в школу - I go to school &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Идёт дождь - It is raining  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пол ходит ходуном - The floor is saggy&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9594" LastActivityDate="2017-11-02T21:28:43.083" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15205" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15206" CreationDate="2017-11-03T09:40:43.383" Score="6" ViewCount="1257" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between возле, около and близ?&#xA;They all translate to &lt;strong&gt;near&lt;/strong&gt;, but I suppose there's a proper context for each of these.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="9603" LastEditDate="2017-11-03T10:05:13.073" LastActivityDate="2017-11-03T10:47:20.483" Title="Difference between возле, около and близ?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15205" CreationDate="2017-11-03T10:35:19.513" Score="5" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;возле&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;em&gt;'next to/by/near some physical entity'&lt;/em&gt;: возле дома, возле машины, возле города.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;около&lt;/code&gt; has the same meaning in general, but can additionally have connotation of &lt;em&gt;'around/approximately/about'&lt;/em&gt; when referring to quantities:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Водитель уже ждал нас около (возле) машины. The driver was already waiting for us by the car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Давай встретимся около двух часов дня. Let's meet around two o'clock.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В банке оставалось около литра воды. There was about a litre of water remaining in the jar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, consider the idiomatic expression &quot;ходить вокруг да около&quot; (&quot;to wander around and about the matter without actually getting into that&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;близ&lt;/code&gt; is rather bookish, and is generally used in fiction when speaking about locations (&lt;em&gt;близ города, близ этого места&lt;/em&gt;). Additionally, it assumes some extra distance to the subject, unlike 'next to', so 'near' is the correct counterpart here. One won't encounter it standalone in everyday speech, although several common adjectives stem from it: &quot;близлежащий&quot; (&quot;nearby&quot;), &quot;близкий&quot; (&quot;close to&quot;), and &quot;ближний&quot; (&quot;close&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-11-03T10:47:20.483" LastActivityDate="2017-11-03T10:47:20.483" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15202" CreationDate="2017-11-03T11:07:01.460" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Иду in one direction, from A to B&#xA;Хожу in two or more directins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&#xA;1) Сейчас я иду на работу (one way, from home to work).&#xA;2) Я каждый день хожу на работу. (from home to work, then from work to home, there and back)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Недавно ребёнок научился ходить. (as child can go in any direction, not only to the north or south)&#xA;2) Когда я шел на рынок, я встретил Мишку. (I went only one way, from home to the market, when I met him).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Обычно в школу Маша идёт с мамой, а из школы с бабушкой. (In one direction she goes with mother, in other with granny).&#xA;2) Она ходит в школу каждый день. (to the school, then back home, then to the school again...)&#xA;And so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8034" LastActivityDate="2017-11-03T11:07:01.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15202" CreationDate="2017-11-03T12:47:13.770" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One more difference is: ходить is used if the expression concerns the ability to walk; then идти is not appropriate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4432" LastActivityDate="2017-11-03T12:47:13.770" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15184" CreationDate="2017-11-03T19:40:15.597" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are pretty much orthogonal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Факультет is a partition of the body of students; it loosely equates to a major, or a school of a big U. Each факультет teaches a specific curriculum. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кафедра is a partition of the body of teachers. The same кафедра (e.g. foreign languages, or general physics, or philosophy) teaches students of every факультет which requires it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4306" LastActivityDate="2017-11-03T19:40:15.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15212" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15213" CreationDate="2017-11-04T13:46:46.450" Score="7" ViewCount="4169" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, IIRC &quot;девушка&quot; can mean both &quot;girl&quot; (of any age) or &quot;girlfriend&quot; (I'm not entirely sure of this so feel free to call me out), but what about 'подруга'? Can I safely replace 'девушка' with 'подруга'? Which of these should I use if I'm talking about a coworker of mine?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="9603" LastEditDate="2017-12-13T03:20:26.530" LastActivityDate="2020-04-08T01:23:54.363" Title="Difference between &quot;девушка&quot;, &quot;девочка&quot; and &quot;подруга&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;word&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15212" CreationDate="2017-11-04T15:09:31.713" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Подруга&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; is a feminine of &quot;a friend&quot;, &lt;code&gt;друг&lt;/code&gt; and can mean, depending on context, both: either just a friend or a girlfriend (though this is figurative and obsolete). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Девушка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; is a girl from the age of puberty to the womanhood. The other meaning is &lt;code&gt;girlfriend&lt;/code&gt; indeed but keep in ming that this can not be used to talk about dating someone who is in her, say, forties (which can be easily done in English) - this will sound slightly off. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Девочка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; is just a child girl. Sometimes woman recognize themselves as &lt;code&gt;девочки&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;ну мы же девочки, нам можно плакать&quot;) but this is nothing but a figure of speech. The other meaning would be someone close to english &lt;code&gt;babe&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;моя хорошая девочка&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These words have different meaning and while they are related, they are by no means interchangeable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-11-04T15:21:35.890" LastActivityDate="2017-11-04T15:21:35.890" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14835" CreationDate="2017-11-04T20:31:05.853" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Запятая неуместна, скорее лучше поставить тире, предложение бессоюзное, и вторая часть , в некотором роде, вытекает из первой. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9722" LastActivityDate="2017-11-04T20:31:05.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15215" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2017-11-06T16:16:53.913" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-11-06T16:16:53.913" LastActivityDate="2017-11-06T16:16:53.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15216" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2017-11-06T16:16:53.913" Score="0" Body="This is a special tag that is designed to be used only by the system for questions that have had all of their other tags removed. Do not add this tag to existing questions, it is reserved for use by the system to identify posts with no valid tags." OwnerUserId="6350" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-11-21T21:00:36.997" LastActivityDate="2017-11-21T21:00:36.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15217" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15218" CreationDate="2017-11-06T19:17:29.967" Score="8" ViewCount="1281" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my book the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;как дела?&lt;/strong&gt; is given as &lt;strong&gt;how are you?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;как у тебя дела?&lt;/strong&gt; is given as &lt;strong&gt;how are you?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So which one should I use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9653" LastActivityDate="2017-11-08T11:40:41.200" Title="&quot;Как дела?&quot; and &quot;как у тебя дела?&quot; which one to use?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15217" CreationDate="2017-11-06T19:33:48.590" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как дела?&quot; can be roughly translated as &quot;How are things?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как &lt;strong&gt;у тебя&lt;/strong&gt; дела?&quot; -&gt; &quot;How are things &lt;strong&gt;with you&lt;/strong&gt;?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So one is just a shorter version of the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also the polite version: &quot;Как &lt;strong&gt;у вас&lt;/strong&gt; дела?&quot;. For more background on the &lt;strong&gt;тебя/вас&lt;/strong&gt; distinction, see &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/213/2104&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-11-06T20:34:02.810" LastActivityDate="2017-11-06T20:34:02.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15195" CreationDate="2017-11-07T04:24:39.620" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вот is an adverb, can be usually translated as &quot;here&quot;, but usually does not have the meaning of physical proximity as &quot;тут&quot; and &quot;здесь&quot;, but rather means the thing in question is in the range of sight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2017-11-07T04:24:39.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15188" CreationDate="2017-11-07T09:27:59.807" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Formally, that type of sentence is known as неопределённо-личные предложения (&quot;indefinite person sentences&quot;) and are typical for Slavic languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, for an English speaking person, it'll be easier to think of them as &quot;implicit subject sentences&quot;. And indeed, you come across them in English as well.&#xA;Consider this short monologue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Remember John? Spoke to him recently. (Do you remember John? I spoke to him recently&quot; or &quot;We spoke to him recently&quot;). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this example the subject is contextual or implicit. By the same token&#xA;Зимние игры называют Белой Олимпиадой are meant to say Зимние игры (они) называют Белой Олимпиадой or Зимние игры (люди) называют Белой Олимпиадой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One final point and it's about the trap of Russian cases.&#xA;As you correctly pointed out Белой Олимпиадой out is Instrumental (Ablative) case. However, Зимние игры is NOT in Nominative case (and therefore it is not subject). It is in Accusative case and as it's here same as Nominative case it can only be determined from the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, with its rigid structure, a sentence must start with a subject, which by definition is always in Nominative case. In Russian, determination of the case is the key to understanding relations between nouns in a sentence. The order of words is less important than their case. Thus you could just as easily say Называют Зимние игры Белой Олимпиадой or Белой Олимпиадой называют Зимние игры.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9731" LastEditorUserId="9128" LastEditDate="2017-12-03T16:26:01.283" LastActivityDate="2017-12-03T16:26:01.283" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15217" CreationDate="2017-11-08T11:40:41.200" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;'как дела?' is more like a polite way to start a conversation, compare to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;how are you doing? fine, and you? i'm ok.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'как у тебя дела?' shows more interest in the actual state of things of a person you have a conversation with. The difference is subtle, yet I think it exists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9736" LastActivityDate="2017-11-08T11:40:41.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15223" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15224" CreationDate="2017-11-10T17:06:50.663" Score="8" ViewCount="537" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure how to correctly write this - as one word, separate?  Do I retain the apostrophe?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6141" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-11-10T17:11:42.140" LastActivityDate="2017-11-10T17:44:04.070" Title="What is the correct way to transliterate O'Neil or a similar name?" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15223" CreationDate="2017-11-10T17:17:17.633" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually the apostrophe in personal names retains, so we have in translation &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%E2%80%99%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB,_%D0%AE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Юджин О'Нил&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%E2%80%99%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB,_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Шакил О'Нил&lt;/a&gt; and actually a lot of other &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%E2%80%99%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;О'Нил&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;s. The same about Жанна Д'Арк (or д'Арк) or Габриеле Д’Аннунцио (or д’Аннунцио) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is what you'll see in newspapers and books. In official documents it could be more tricky though. I won't be surprised that there are no regulations about this particular case so say some O'Neil will decide to become a Russian citizen he can be written just as О-Нил or О`Нил. Bureaucracy is a bureaucracy so I can imagine some stubborn official (check out for instance, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.virtualireland.ru/showthread.php?t=51840&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt;) - but this has nothing to do with Russian language, so let it be )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-11-10T17:44:04.070" LastActivityDate="2017-11-10T17:44:04.070" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15225" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15226" CreationDate="2017-11-10T20:16:55.920" Score="5" ViewCount="523" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;у папы семь собак&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;у папы есть семь собак&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are both sentences used? When can I omit &lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;? On a daily basis which of these would you use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="9603" LastEditDate="2017-11-10T20:39:13.293" LastActivityDate="2017-11-16T01:47:53.783" Title="When can I omit the word &quot;есть&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15225" CreationDate="2017-11-10T20:59:03.813" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this particular case it would not be an oversimplification to say that this forms are interchangeable and one can easily encounter in casual usage, say, &lt;code&gt;у меня есть две кошки&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;у меня две кошки&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind though that there still can be differences in usage Compare &lt;code&gt;у меня есть пистолет&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;у меня пистолет!&lt;/code&gt;. First is more of a statement, an admission of the fact that one possesses a gun, so it's closer gotta gun &quot;I have a gun&quot;. Second phrase is closer to notification, in some cases a warning if you mind (so this phrase can be translated as &quot;I gotta gun!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in a hostage situation the Russian-speaking terrorist will most likely shout out: &quot;У меня граната&quot; rather than &quot;у меня есть граната&quot;. Most likely but not necessarily. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also the form &quot;у меня + noun&quot; can indicate possession in a figurative way, like in &quot;у него грипп&quot; or &quot;у меня такая усталость&quot;. Phrases &quot;у него есть грипп&quot; or &quot;у меня есть такая усталость&quot; are non-existent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2017-11-10T20:59:03.813" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15227" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15228" CreationDate="2017-11-12T19:05:30.503" Score="21" ViewCount="4381" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can foreign names be used as a basis for patronymics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If, for example, an Englishman whose first name is Donald becomes a citizen of Russia and has a son there, will that son have the patronymic Доналдович? And does François' son become Франсуасович? Etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5375" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2018-07-23T15:06:25.693" LastActivityDate="2018-07-23T15:06:25.693" Title="Does Russian have patronymics of foreign names?" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15227" CreationDate="2017-11-12T19:41:01.070" Score="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;Absolutely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russia, almost every document about a person includes a patronymic, so everyone needs it.  If your father has foreign name, you still have a patronymic. If your father is unknown, your mother gives you some patronymic soon after your birth. If she doesn't know the father's name, she may give you her own patronymic. If a baby is found, and nobody knows who is his father or mother, they give him some random patronymic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, Harry Kasparov (Гарри Каспаров) has English/American name Гарри. It is not a Russian name.  Each of his sons is Гарриевич, and each of his daughters is Гарриевна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, there are many Russians who are ethnic Georgians, Armenians etc, and their fathers had non-Russian names.  All these Russians have patronymics.  For example, Абе́л Ге́зевич Аганбегя́н (Abel Aganbegyan), who is ethnic Armenian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As per comments by Danila Smirnov and Tzakrevskiy, if a child with rights to Russian citizenship is born in a country that does not use patronymics, he/she does not receive a patronymic when applying for the Russian citizenship. However, Danila Smirnov writes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I just happen to know someone who was born in another country and did not have a patronymic in his birth certificate when he was registered for Russian citizenship. When he got his passport at 14 years, he had a dash in his &quot;patronymic&quot; field. On the other hand, it did cause some problems, so he had to legally change his name to get one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2017-11-13T17:51:20.647" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T17:51:20.647" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12367" CreationDate="2017-11-13T14:13:51.747" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically &lt;code&gt;чересчур замороченный&lt;/code&gt; is exactly &lt;code&gt;too overthinked&lt;/code&gt;- it's just that unlike &lt;code&gt;overthinked&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;замороченный&lt;/code&gt; is acceptable only in colloquial speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in some cases it's acceptable to use &lt;code&gt;заморачиваться&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;загоняться&lt;/code&gt; (more slang), so one can say something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не заморачивайся слишком уж, тут главное чтобы работа была сделана. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не загоняйся, главное - сделать работу. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-11-13T14:19:17.260" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T14:19:17.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15230" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15231" CreationDate="2017-11-13T14:37:29.637" Score="16" ViewCount="2787" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know how to use possessive pronouns in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это моя книга.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also know how to describe a person's possession:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это книга подруги.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But how do I combine two persons, such as in this example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I want to give this book to my girlfriend's mother.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know what to search for. How is this called in linguistic terms?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which linguistic cases do I use here for the words &lt;code&gt;girlfriend&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;mother&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess would have been:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я хочу подарить эту книгу маме моей подруги (на Рождество).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5998" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-11-13T19:12:50.063" LastActivityDate="2017-11-16T15:34:14.617" Title="How to say &quot;give to my girlfriend's mother&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15230" CreationDate="2017-11-13T14:44:54.797" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;You guess is absolutely correct, technically there's an other valid option:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я хочу подарить эту книгу подругиной маме.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But while this is grammaticaly valid talking of specifically word &lt;code&gt;подруга&lt;/code&gt; it's very unlikely one will choose second form over the first one - &lt;code&gt;подругиной&lt;/code&gt; sounds clumsy. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I've mentioned this because in some cases, for instance, with personal names, it's exactly the opposite, second form, like in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я хочу подарить эту книгу Лениной маме.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is more preferable compared to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я хочу подарить эту книгу маме Лены. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-11-13T17:24:29.373" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T17:24:29.373" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15230" CreationDate="2017-11-13T15:31:47.810" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your guess is both grammatically  correct and idiomatic:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я хочу́ подари́ть э́ту кни́гу ма́ме мое́й подру́ги (на Рождество́).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You used the dative case for ма́ма -&amp;gt; ма́ме 'to mother' and the genitive case for подру́га -&amp;gt; подру́ги 'of girlfriend.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can stack up genitives to describe more complex relations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подру́га бра́та однокла́ссника мое́й сестры́&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My sister's classmate's brother's girlfriend OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The girlfriend of the bother of the classmate of my sister&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays most people prefer де́вушка to say girlfriend. Thus your sentence would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я хочу́ подари́ть э́ту кни́гу ма́ме мое́й де́вушки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you get married, you'll be entitled to call her mother тёща. Mentioning just this word alone to a Russian (or Google) can get you lots of jokes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T19:22:02.283" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15233" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15235" CreationDate="2017-11-13T16:17:21.740" Score="9" ViewCount="441" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the right way to stress the word &lt;em&gt;часа&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen both &lt;em&gt;ча́са&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;часа́&lt;/em&gt;, is there a special case for each?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-03-12T17:17:12.187" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T17:17:12.187" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;часа&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15233" CreationDate="2017-11-13T16:45:03.820" Score="10" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the right way to stress the word часа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;right&quot; one is &lt;em&gt;ча́са&lt;/em&gt;, however, the most frequently used combinations, such as, &lt;em&gt;two hours&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;three hours&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;four hours&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;a quarter of an hour&lt;/em&gt; all require the stress shift: &lt;em&gt;два / три / четыре / четверть часа́&lt;/em&gt;. So this word is a bit tricky.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T16:45:03.820" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15212" CreationDate="2017-11-13T20:18:41.980" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native Russian speaker, I wanted to drop a couple of comments...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Девушка&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;girlfriend&quot; if and only if it comes with a possessive (pro)noun, for example: &quot;моя девушка&quot;, &quot;Васина девушка&quot;, &quot;Девушка брата&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the obsolescence of &lt;code&gt;подруга&lt;/code&gt; with the semantics of &quot;girlfriend&quot;, I would rather disagree. A wise and cautious man keeps the word in his vocabulary. He would use it when he is not yet comfortable calling her &quot;моя девушка&quot;. She will be somewhat unhappy to hear you call her &quot;подруга&quot;, but may actually respect you more. That basically builds another barrier on her way to your resources.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9759" LastActivityDate="2017-11-13T20:18:41.980" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15238" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15239" CreationDate="2017-11-14T18:35:21.357" Score="3" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;Alright, this might sound stupid but I've been wanting to ask this for a while.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes simultaneously pronouncing each word separately and quickly is  bloody difficult (or rather, weird), so I was wondering if it's ok to combine some of the words.&#xA;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can I pronounce &lt;strong&gt;В это&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;вэто&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm asking only because, usually I do make a &lt;em&gt;quick pause&lt;/em&gt; when pronouncing this kind of sentence and I'm not sure whether that's good or bad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T10:36:28.723" Title="Combining words for pronunciation" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15238" CreationDate="2017-11-14T20:03:33.497" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it's perfectly fine not to make a pause there. Unless you want to emphasize, &lt;code&gt;в это&lt;/code&gt; is pronounced as 'вэто' or even 'вэта', &lt;code&gt;в то&lt;/code&gt; is reduced to 'фто'. Actually, I think most (if not all) prepositions can be pronounced without a pause with &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9594" LastActivityDate="2017-11-14T20:03:33.497" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15241" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15238" CreationDate="2017-11-15T10:33:03.723" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can I pronounce &lt;strong&gt;в это&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;вэто&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's how you &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; pronounce it, unless you want to sound like a voice synthesiser. In Russian (and in English) normally there are no pauses or glottal stops between words separated by spaces. Unlike German or, say, Chinese, Russian speech just flows. Most frequently one pauses to think or to breathe in more air to keep them going. There are no joiner consonants like the (British) English -r- in &lt;em&gt;I saw it&lt;/em&gt; or the French -t- in &lt;em&gt;Ya-t-il&lt;/em&gt;. But there can be glottal stops e.g. &lt;strong&gt;в России и Ирландии&lt;/strong&gt; can be pronounced with a glottal stop before &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2017-11-15T10:36:28.723" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T10:36:28.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14658" CreationDate="2017-11-15T17:03:01.853" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which one - какой именно? (Какой конкретно?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9785" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T17:03:01.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7381" CreationDate="2017-11-15T17:15:46.827" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Дай свой голос&quot; - is not correct, because &quot;дай&quot; means something we can really, physically give. We can say &quot;Проголосуй&quot; (прогосуйте) or &quot;Отдай свой голос&quot; (отдай свой голос за нового кандидата)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9785" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T17:15:46.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13566" CreationDate="2017-11-15T17:27:46.677" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Их можно заменять в большинстве случаев. Краткие прилагательные произошли от глаголов, а позже появились полные прилагательные. Разница, в общем случае, бывает в интонации, в эмоциях. Например: ты очень красивый - это произность дольше, поэтому здесь может быть какое-то чувство. Ты очень красив - звучит слегка небрежно. Однако разница редко бывает заметна&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9785" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T17:27:46.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15230" CreationDate="2017-11-15T18:56:12.830" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я хочу дать эту книгу матери моей девушки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3847" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T18:56:12.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15225" CreationDate="2017-11-15T19:31:50.160" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Есть&lt;/code&gt; is generally used where English applies the indefinite article to the object, 'a or an'. Where English would apply the definite article 'the' &lt;code&gt;есть&lt;/code&gt; is usually omitted. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У доктора есть телефон.       The doctor has a telephone&#xA;У кого есть словарь?          Who has a dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У кого словарь?               Who has the dictionary&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With numerals the word ectb is generally omitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example: у папы семь собок is generally used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3847" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-11-16T01:47:53.783" LastActivityDate="2017-11-16T01:47:53.783" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15249" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15250" CreationDate="2017-11-15T19:37:55.013" Score="7" ViewCount="166" Body="&lt;p&gt;How am I supposed to pronounce &lt;strong&gt;отпуска&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen both &lt;em&gt;о́тпуска&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;отпуска́&lt;/em&gt;. My dictionary is kinda ambiguous so I'm struggling with this one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-11-16T01:34:34.747" LastActivityDate="2017-11-16T01:34:34.747" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;отпуска&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15249" CreationDate="2017-11-15T20:04:50.370" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Óтпуска&lt;/em&gt; is the &lt;strong&gt;Genitive&lt;/strong&gt; case &lt;strong&gt;singular&lt;/strong&gt; of &lt;em&gt;óтпуск&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня давно не было óтпуска. – I haven't got a vacation for a long time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отпускá&lt;/em&gt; is the &lt;strong&gt;Nominative&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Accusative&lt;/strong&gt; case &lt;strong&gt;plural&lt;/strong&gt; of &lt;em&gt;óтпуск&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Друзья рассказали мне, как они провели свои отпускá. – My friends told me how they had spent their vacations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2017-11-15T20:11:04.153" LastActivityDate="2017-11-15T20:11:04.153" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15252" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15230" CreationDate="2017-11-16T15:34:14.617" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A possible option:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я хочу подарить эту книгу моей (будущей) тёще.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I want to give this book to my future mother in law.) It may sound a bit kinky, but uses the feature of Russian that in-laws can be called by one word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9788" LastActivityDate="2017-11-16T15:34:14.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15254" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15255" CreationDate="2017-11-17T17:45:04.107" Score="2" ViewCount="244" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning of word завцеха? I encountered in Vysockij's song Dialog u televizora and most attempts to search for the word on the web lead to this song:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ой, Вань, умру от акробатиков!&#xA;Смотри, как вертится, нахал!&#xA;Завцеха наш товарищ Са́тюков&#xA;Недавно в клубе так скакал.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was it her boss from the factory who was dancing in such a way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8206" LastActivityDate="2017-11-17T19:23:42.840" Title="What is the meaning of word завцеха?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15254" CreationDate="2017-11-17T18:09:18.263" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Зав - сокращение от заведующий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Завцеха - заведующий цехом.  Неправильный падеж (правильно &quot;завцехом&quot;) - следствие низкого образовательного уровня персонажа.  Слово &quot;завцеха&quot; образовано по образцу &quot;замдиректора&quot; (заместитель директора).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Цех - &quot;производственное помещение или отдельное сооружение, оснащённое станками, другим оборудованием; производственное подразделение заводов и фабрик, выполняющее определённую функцию или выпускающее определённую категорию продукции, реже — небольшое самостоятельное производственное предприятие.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, завцеха is a head of a factory department.  In this case, it is a &quot;fifth sewing factory&quot; where Zina works.  In most cases, this position at garment factory is called начальник цеха, but заведующий цехом is also used occasionally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2017-11-17T19:23:42.840" LastActivityDate="2017-11-17T19:23:42.840" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15256" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15257" CreationDate="2017-11-17T21:19:35.347" Score="9" ViewCount="335" Body="&lt;p&gt;maybe my title needs some work... but I use Wiktionary a lot for declensions, etc and I often see two forms for feminine instrumental adjectives, but my textbook only ever uses, typically, the 'first' one... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9&lt;/a&gt; for который, or for какой. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;который -&amp;gt; fem. instr. -&amp;gt; кото́рой, кото́рою&#xA;какой -&amp;gt; fem. instr. -&amp;gt; како́й, како́ю&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same problem for me exists with singular instrumental for nouns like книга - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0#Russian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;какой -&amp;gt;  sing. instr. -&amp;gt; кни́гой, кни́гою&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why are there two forms in these and many other words? What is the reason? When is each used?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="6545" LastEditDate="2017-11-17T22:06:43.843" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T22:11:50.510" Title="Often 2 variants of feminine instrumental...?" Tags="&lt;pronouns&gt;&lt;terminology&gt;&lt;composite-nouns&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15256" CreationDate="2017-11-18T04:58:16.417" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;code&gt;-ою&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-ею&lt;/code&gt; forms are older and sound archaic/poetic. &lt;code&gt;-ой&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-ей&lt;/code&gt; is the modern form, reflecting the same trend towards loss of semantically weak final vowels that turned &lt;code&gt;-ти&lt;/code&gt; infinitives into &lt;code&gt;-ть&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the exception of &lt;strong&gt;ею&lt;/strong&gt;, the instrumental of the pronoun &lt;strong&gt;она&lt;/strong&gt; which &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; prescribe as the preferred literary norm since &lt;strong&gt;ей&lt;/strong&gt; is easily confused with the dative form, no &lt;code&gt;-ою&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-ею&lt;/code&gt; form is ever mandatory or preferred; in fact, unless there's a clear intent at mimicking an older literary style, these forms should probably be avoided. And even in actual older texts, you'll likely find them in free variation with &lt;code&gt;-ой&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-ей&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2017-11-18T05:03:27.890" LastActivityDate="2017-11-18T05:03:27.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15258" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15256" CreationDate="2017-11-18T05:27:36.740" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The usual ending of feminine adjectives in the instrumental is -ой or -ей. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Летом мы лакомились &lt;strong&gt;вкусной&lt;/strong&gt; ягодой.&#xA;  Вода была горячей-прегорячей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feminine adjectives can have the ending -ою,-ею in the instrumental case.(вариантные окончания). They are usef mainly in poetry, folklore or bookish style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Берёзы &lt;strong&gt;жёлтою&lt;/strong&gt; резьбой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Блестят в лазури голубой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И. Бунин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Под &lt;strong&gt;сосною зеленою&lt;/strong&gt; спать положите вы меня.( Песня «Калинка»).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the noun also uses the same poetic ending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-02-18T22:11:50.510" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T22:11:50.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15259" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15261" CreationDate="2017-11-18T17:45:31.620" Score="2" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;p&gt;Given the phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мы любим нашу семью&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that one can also write:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мы любим свою семью&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can I always replace &lt;em&gt;нашу&lt;/em&gt; with &lt;em&gt;свою&lt;/em&gt;? Is the former more formal than the latter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastActivityDate="2017-11-18T22:10:01.363" Title="Interchangeability of свою and нашу" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-11-19T00:10:21.500" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15188" CreationDate="2017-11-18T18:14:00.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's strange that only the last phrase caused the question. The text has many similar grammatical constructions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Олимпийские игры проводят один раз в 4 года = (Они) (!) проводят Олимпийские игры один раз в 4 года = Олимпийские игры проводЯТСЯ один раз в  4 года.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) На стадионе поднимают белый олимпийский флаг = (Они) поднимают на стадионе белый олимпийский флаг = На стадионе поднимается белый олимпийский флаг&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) Эти соревнования организуют летом и зимой = (Они) организуют эти соревнования летом и зимой = Эти соревнования организуются летом и зимой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) Зимние игры называют Белой Олимпиадой = (Они) называют зимние игры Белой Олимпиадой = Зимние игры называются Белой Олимпиадой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9795" LastEditorUserId="9795" LastEditDate="2017-11-20T19:01:29.890" LastActivityDate="2017-11-20T19:01:29.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15259" CreationDate="2017-11-18T19:18:36.253" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this particular example there is a subtle difference which may matter or not depending on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы любим нашу семью. -  We altogether love our family.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы любим свою семью. - Each of us loves his family.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the latter case by &quot;us&quot; you can imply not the members of your family, but members of your group (ethnic, religious, political etc.), each loving his particular family.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2017-11-18T19:18:36.253" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15263" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15265" CreationDate="2017-11-19T00:44:44.380" Score="6" ViewCount="804" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between these two?&#xA;Is &lt;em&gt;мама&lt;/em&gt; considered &quot;childish&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-11-19T17:28:04.413" LastActivityDate="2017-11-23T10:28:21.720" Title="Difference between &quot;мать&quot; and &quot;мама&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14977" CreationDate="2017-11-19T10:32:16.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) Мы увлеклись игрой. Время текло незаметно.&#xA;2) Ничто не нарушало размеренного течения его жизни.&#xA;3) Его жизнь текла размеренно и спокойно.&#xA;4) Врач рассказал, как протекает болезнь пациента&#xA;5) Процессы, протекающие в атмосфере...&#xA;7) Переговоры протекали трудно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Течь, протекать&quot; is property of water, time, any process. Disease is  a process too.&#xA;...............&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word ВЯЛО has &quot;distant relatives&quot;:  ВЯНУТЬ,  УВЯДАНИЕ.&#xA;An adverb &quot;вяло&quot; can only refer to the actions of an animate subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он вяло улыбнулся — ОК&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он вяло махнул рукой — ОК&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Камень катится вяло  — not OK&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ветер дует вяло — not OK&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Река течет вяло — not OK&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For some time nоw there is a phrase &quot;вялотекущий процесс&quot;.&#xA;But it is only suitable for social or biological processes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9795" LastEditorUserId="9795" LastEditDate="2017-11-22T08:46:58.433" LastActivityDate="2017-11-22T08:46:58.433" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15263" CreationDate="2017-11-19T10:46:47.670" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not at all. &quot;Мать&quot; is &quot;mother&quot;, &quot;мама&quot; is &quot;mom&quot;, and &quot;мамочка&quot; is 'mommy' respectively, with word preference following the same rules (formal vs. informal) as in English. Usually, the way one refers to their own parents when talking about them (&quot;мама&quot;/&quot;папа&quot; vs. &quot;мать&quot;/&quot;отец&quot;) quite clearly indicates the actual closeness of their relationship and the level of comfort within the family. Less intelligent folks may even go as low as &quot;мамка&quot;/&quot;батя&quot;, but those are almost derogatory. Children always use мама/папа no matter what. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In official context or when talking about non-human subjects, 'мать' is always used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-11-19T10:59:07.883" LastActivityDate="2017-11-19T10:59:07.883" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15266" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15268" CreationDate="2017-11-19T18:37:37.417" Score="4" ViewCount="434" Body="&lt;p&gt;It feels like the latter is more specific... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which one should I use when addressing a high-school student?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-11-19T22:18:59.327" LastActivityDate="2017-11-22T21:52:51.240" Title="What's the difference between &quot;ученица&quot; and &quot;студентка&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15266" CreationDate="2017-11-19T19:10:06.823" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ученица goes to school, студентка goes to university, high school etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2017-11-19T19:10:06.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15266" CreationDate="2017-11-19T19:23:57.337" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ученица&quot; is either a school pupil or an attendee of extra-curriculum studies, e.g. a language course or a subject taught by a private teacher, and &quot;студентка&quot; is a university student only, meaning that the two cannot be interchanged. Therefore, a professor would say &quot;мои студентки&quot;, but a school teacher &quot;мои ученицы&quot;. Actually, &quot;ученица&quot; is simply anyone whom one trains or explains material to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before 1917, there was also the term &quot;институтка&quot;, used to refer to students of Russian female high schools.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-11-21T09:57:21.760" LastActivityDate="2017-11-21T09:57:21.760" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15269" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15266" CreationDate="2017-11-20T13:43:35.303" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;ученик/ца&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; is anyone who's formally learning/studying something, who's &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;учится&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, either a theory or a skill&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in modern Russian culture addressing a person using terms designating their occupation isn't normally practised (an exception would be addressing a driver of a regular bus or a minibus, the proverbial and the notorious &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;маршрутка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, as &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;Водитель!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;thus whether she's a schoolgirl, a student or anyone else, a young woman is normally addressed with &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;Девушка!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if you're her coeval more or less, a very informal and a kind of playful way would be &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;Подруга!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;addressing her from a position of a much older person, &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;Девочка!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; can be used&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;incidentally and unbeknownst to me the author had earlier already inquired regarding the exact same set of terms&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/15212/difference-between-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0-and-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0&quot;&gt;Difference between &amp;quot;девушка&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;девочка&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;подруга&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-11-22T21:52:51.240" LastActivityDate="2017-11-22T21:52:51.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15266" CreationDate="2017-11-20T14:19:58.410" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ученица is a girl who studies at school.  Almost all of them are 6-17 years old.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Студентка is a girl/woman who studies in higher education institution.  Most of them are 17-22 years old, some are older.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For техникум, both terms are used.  Sometimes, students under 18 are called ученики/ученицы, while students 18 or older are called студенты/студентки.  But the most common term for an adult who studis neither in school nor in a higher education institution is учащийся/учащаяся.  For military courses, a student is called курсант.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2017-11-20T14:19:58.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13566" CreationDate="2017-11-20T20:12:50.087" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) В русском языке нет слова &quot;заместо&quot; :).  Только &quot;вместо&quot;.&#xA;2) Примеры отличаются друг от друга тем, что варианты с краткими прилагательными — это речь образованного человека. &#xA;Чего нельзя сказать про  &quot;эти книги популярные среди читателей&quot;, и &quot;ее внешность привлекательная&quot;. Но слышать подобные фразы приходится часто.Слышать и читать на форумах в Интернете. В книгах их нет,  потому что книги редактируются&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9795" LastActivityDate="2017-11-20T20:12:50.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12432" CreationDate="2017-11-22T21:21:47.643" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think походить in its two distinct meanings seems to be rather line the French aller which denotes movement but also the abstract concept of being.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9811" LastActivityDate="2017-11-22T21:21:47.643" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12432" CreationDate="2017-11-23T08:10:32.373" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are interested in the logic, you may consider the verbs &lt;strong&gt;сойти за&lt;/strong&gt; (and related adjective &lt;strong&gt;схожий&lt;/strong&gt;) and &lt;strong&gt;проходить как&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The logic here is probably similar to that of the English phrase &lt;strong&gt;pass as/for&lt;/strong&gt; and may be related to the process of security pass control (hence &lt;strong&gt;password&lt;/strong&gt;): if you look like the right person you may go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of this is my personal opinion and not a result of a scientific research.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2017-11-23T08:10:32.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15233" CreationDate="2017-11-23T08:30:15.773" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;When we talk about one hour, in the genitive case we use &lt;em&gt;ча́са&lt;/em&gt;. For example: &quot;Не прошло и &lt;em&gt;ча́са&lt;/em&gt;, как ты пришел&quot;. If we talk about several hours, in the nominative case we use &lt;em&gt;часа́&lt;/em&gt;. For example: &quot;Три &lt;em&gt;часа́&lt;/em&gt; прошли незаметно&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9813" LastActivityDate="2017-11-23T08:30:15.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15263" CreationDate="2017-11-23T08:45:50.930" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мать&quot; is used in business speech and documents, but &quot;мама&quot; is used in everyday speech and when we talk with the mother or talking about her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9814" LastActivityDate="2017-11-23T08:45:50.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15263" CreationDate="2017-11-23T10:28:21.720" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мать&quot; is used in everyday speech too. For example, my mother often call herself  &quot;мать&quot;.&#xA;As usual, first word of child is &quot;мама&quot;. I think, it is easy to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9808" LastActivityDate="2017-11-23T10:28:21.720" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15233" CreationDate="2017-11-23T12:07:16.260" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary often has very helpful entries on declension and stress patterns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the entry for час&lt;/a&gt;, you can see this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Declension of час (inan masc-form hard-stem &lt;strong&gt;accent-c&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;irreg&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;After numbers ending with 2, 3 or 4 (except for those ending with 12, 13 or 14), the stress of the genitive singular moves to the last syllable: два &lt;strong&gt;часа́&lt;/strong&gt;, два́дцать три &lt;strong&gt;часа́&lt;/strong&gt;, со́рок четы́ре&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;часа́&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you click on the Declension pane to reveal its contents, you will see:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;            singular      plural&#xA;...&#xA;genitive    ча́са, часа́△   часо́в&#xA;...&#xA;△ Irregular.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Russian_stress_patterns_-_nouns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the page about stress patterns&lt;/a&gt;, you can find this pattern for type c:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;                        ... c        ...&#xA;In nom/gen/dat/pre sg   ... stem     ...&#xA;In acc sg               ... stem     ...&#xA;In ins sg               ... stem     ...&#xA;In nom pl               ... ending   ...&#xA;In gen/dat/ins/pre pl   ... ending   ...&#xA;————————————————————————————————————————&#xA;example                 ... слой     ... &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find a long list of nouns that follow the same stress pattern &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Russian_nouns_with_accent_pattern_c&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;You can find a shorter list of nouns that have an irregular genitive singular &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Russian_nouns_with_irregular_genitive_singular&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. If you cross-reference these lists, you can discover that the following words follow the same irregular pattern as час, and for the same reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4#Declension&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ряд&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3#Declension&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;шаг&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80#Declension&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;шар&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6370" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-11-23T12:07:16.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15278" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15279" CreationDate="2017-11-23T12:07:34.013" Score="3" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &lt;strong&gt;основной&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;основный&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They both seem to translate to &quot;basic&quot;, although the first one seems to be more common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4599" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T18:43:55.310" Title="Difference between «основной» and «основный»?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15278" CreationDate="2017-11-23T12:21:26.207" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Оснóвный&lt;/strong&gt; with stress on the second syllable is used only as technical or scientific term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оснóвная нить - beam thread&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оснóвный оксид - basic oxide&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Основнóй&lt;/strong&gt; is a regular word meaning &lt;strong&gt;main, central, fundamental, basic&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2017-11-26T10:10:20.880" LastActivityDate="2017-11-26T10:10:20.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14656" CreationDate="2017-11-24T19:18:41.300" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've sometimes explained it like this: ездить, like ходить, водить, and others, is a multidirectional verb. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most multidirectional verbs can take a &lt;strong&gt;directional&lt;/strong&gt; prefix (в-, вы-, при-, у-, etc.) to form an imperfective that has a nuance of direction: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;входить 'to enter,' приводить 'to bring,' уносить 'to carry/take away,' etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ездить is unusual in that it's &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; used with &lt;strong&gt;directional&lt;/strong&gt; prefixes; instead, with directional prefixes we use the stem -езжать:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;въезжать 'to drive/ride in,' приезжать 'to arrive,' уезжать 'to depart'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But: ездить &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; be used with prefixes that aren't being used in a directional sense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;поспать 'take a nap,' почитать 'read for a while,' поездить 'drive/ride around for a while'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It gets trickier when a single prefix can have more than one meaning: про- as a directional prefix meaning 'through' or 'past,' vs. про- in the sense of 'doing something for all of a certain time period.' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the &lt;strong&gt;directional&lt;/strong&gt; meaning, use -езжать;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Каждый раз, когда я проезжаю через Москву,... 'Every time I drive through Moscow...'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the &lt;strong&gt;temporal&lt;/strong&gt; meaning, use ездить:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кстати, на Ford я проездил почти неделю, но все равно регулярно ошибался и вместо двери открывал окно. 'By the way, I drove the Ford for almost a week, but still kept messing up and opening the window instead of the door.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;V.V.'s interesting examples above (like выездить for taming a horse) can fall into this category of non-directional usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastActivityDate="2017-11-24T19:18:41.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15281" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15284" CreationDate="2017-11-25T17:12:01.083" Score="1" ViewCount="227" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я слушал лекцию на русском и услышал цитату из Эпиктета: &lt;em&gt;&quot;Человек - это душонка, обременённая трупом.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как перевести слово &lt;strong&gt;душонка&lt;/strong&gt; на английский? В чём отличие этого слова от слова &quot;душа&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9817" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-11-25T18:48:56.857" LastActivityDate="2017-12-08T16:05:12.377" Title="English translation and meaning of the word &quot;душонка&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-11-26T14:45:45.817" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15281" CreationDate="2017-11-25T19:07:44.547" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best match would be &quot;a miserable/pitiful/worthless soul&quot;, as to express contempt. In the quote, this form of the word &quot;душа&quot; has been used to make the contrast between the pettiness of the soul and the massiveness of its burden (&quot;the corpse&quot;) even more grotesque.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-11-25T19:21:48.017" LastActivityDate="2017-11-25T19:21:48.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15281" CreationDate="2017-11-25T19:54:18.003" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You are a little soul, carrying a corpse.&#xA;  Fragment xxvi.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Golden Sayings of Epictetus Edit&#xA;as translated by Hastings Crossley&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an English translation from Greek by a professional translator. The difference between душа and душонка is that the second one carries a negative or perhaps a derogatory connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-11-25T19:54:18.003" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15281" CreationDate="2017-11-25T22:16:13.563" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A suffix &lt;code&gt;-онк(а)&lt;/code&gt; appended to a root ending with &lt;code&gt;К-Ч/Х-Ш/Г-Ж&lt;/code&gt; of feminine (and rarely masculine) nouns always impart a word either a diminutive or derogatory connotation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;собака/собачка - собачонка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;рубаха/рубашка - рубашонка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;мошна - мошонка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;рука/ручка - ручонка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;юбка/обочка - юбчонка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;дева/девка/девочка - девчонка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;книга/книжка - книжонка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;река/речка - речонка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;старуха/старушка - старушонка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;тысяча - тысчонка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;малец/мальчик - мальчонка&lt;/code&gt; (here the form is feminine but the gender is still masculine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and a suffix &lt;code&gt;-онок&lt;/code&gt; also derives masculine noun with these same connotations&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;собака/собачка - собачонок&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;сука - сучонок&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;бочка - бочонок&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;белка - бельчонок&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;заяц/зайка/зайчик - зайчонок&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;кроль/кролик - крольчонок&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-08T16:05:12.377" LastActivityDate="2017-12-08T16:05:12.377" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15286" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15288" CreationDate="2017-11-26T11:03:02.177" Score="2" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;Occasionally I see a reference to categorized noun declensions (e.g., first, second, third).  I would imagine some question whether or not learning about such declensions is essential to learning the Russian language, but it does appear that this categorization of declensions is being taught in this way to some students and I'd like to be able to more fully understand the questions or comments written about such declensions.  However, I haven't had much luck in finding anything truly helpful.  I find references to such resources few and far between and not all that comprehensive.  I have visited the following thread:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/289/order-of-declensions-%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Order of declensions (склонения)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and it was very good.  I even visited some of the links listed in it, but it appears that the only references I can find with noun declension categories that categorize nouns, for the most part, are for those in singular form.  Are there any for those found in plural form only (like the word &quot;люди&quot;)?  And in the absence of any pre-established categorization of the declensions of nouns found in plural form only, has anyone reading this discovered or noticed any particular patterns (e.g., plural nouns ending in __, are usually __ in the genitive plural)?  Or is there just not enough of them to bother creating rules and categories for?  In a quick glance of the &lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/vocabulary/common_nouns.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Top 500 Russian Nouns&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, as listed at MasterRussian.com,  I think I only saw a couple of nouns that appear to be in plural form only (i.e., деньги, сутки).  Based off of this, I presume that the number of Russian nouns found in plural form only is less than 1 percent and quite likely very difficult to make generalizations about or categorize.  But if any do exist, especially if they are online and free, please share them with us.  (Ideally, there's some sort of online dictionary or database that allows me to type in a word and returns with information that includes what declension category the word belongs to.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, while I am at it, does anyone know the history of teaching the Russian language with respect to the teaching of noun declensions by category?  Is this something that was popular at one time but has fallen into disuse for some reason?  Is this method of teaching Russian still in use and/or more popular in countries that use a case system (e.g., Germany)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the record, I decided to post this question here after reading a comment someone had made in a discussion thread in Duolingo's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.duolingo.com/course/ru/en/Learn-Russian-Online&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Russian for English Speakers&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; course.  One of the users asked:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is &quot;люди&quot; a third declension noun when &quot;человек&quot; is first declension? How can one tell that its genitive plural should be &quot;людей&quot; and not &quot;люд&quot; or &quot;людов&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can link to the thread below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.duolingo.com/comment/12625939$comment_id=21921822&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is &quot;люди&quot; a third declension noun ...?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance for any resources you can share or insight you can provide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2017-11-26T21:00:32.347" LastActivityDate="2020-03-30T16:21:52.963" Title="Does anyone know of any good resource(s) that categorize the declensions of Russian plurals?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-03-30T19:07:02.400" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15286" CreationDate="2017-11-26T12:09:12.433" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Plural endings are mostly the same across all three declension types with the exception of the genitive case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Genitive plural is indeed very irregular. My five year old son (Russian being his first language) still makes lots of mistakes in this form (кораблёв, лодков, варежков, etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a few general patterns to help you choose the ending (-ов/-ей or null):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If nominative singular ends in &lt;strong&gt;-ь&lt;/strong&gt; or a sibilant (ж/ш/щ/ч), then genitive plural will end in &lt;strong&gt;-ей&lt;/strong&gt;: кора́бль - корабле́й, конь - коне́й, ночь - ноче́й, мать - матере́й, нож - ноже́й, мяч - мяче́й.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Those ending in &lt;strong&gt;-а/-я&lt;/strong&gt; in singular nominative will likely have a null ending in genitive plural: рука́ - рук, сторона́ - сторо́н, си́ла - сил, де́вушка - де́вушек, тро́йка - тро́ек, баня - бань. Some of these with the stem ending in a soft or sibilant have variants with &lt;em&gt;-ей&lt;/em&gt;: свеча́ - свеч/свече́й, до́ля - доль/доле́й, дя́дя - дя́дей, ю́ноша - ю́ношей.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Neuter nouns (ending in &lt;strong&gt;-о/-е/-ё&lt;/strong&gt;) normally get a null ending: де́ло - дел, окно́ - о́кон, кре́сло - кре́сел, зда́ние - зда́ний, копьё - ко́пий. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The rest are likely to get the ending &lt;strong&gt;-ов/-ев/-ёв&lt;/strong&gt; which is probably the largest category: стол - столо́в, дом - домо́в, ме́сяц - ме́сяцев, геро́й - геро́ев, солове́й - соловьёв.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And of course there are lots of odd ones like во́лос - воло́с, глаз - глаз, челове́к - челове́к/люде́й, яйцо́ - яи́ц, о́блако - облако́в, etc. which have to be memorised separately. I'm only mentioning these because they are high-frequency words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are the most generic rules. I'll stop here because otherwise this answer can get too involved. Let me know in the comments if you'd like it to be expanded to include smaller groups of nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. I've written an &lt;a href=&quot;http://morpher.ru/Russian/Noun.aspx#genplur&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article about Russian declension&lt;/a&gt; but it's in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-03-30T16:21:52.963" LastActivityDate="2020-03-30T16:21:52.963" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-03-30T19:07:02.400" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15286" CreationDate="2017-11-26T13:10:06.183" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Declension group is usually mentioned in grammatical dictionaries articles for nouns&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular they're indicated in the articles of &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lists of declensions by word are provided by quite a few websites of the Runet (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&amp;amp;source=hp&amp;amp;ei=lbkaWtL1DIzewQKK_oCYDA&amp;amp;q=%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%20%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&amp;amp;oq=%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%20%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&amp;amp;gs_l=psy-ab.3..0i19k1l2j0i22i30i19k1l2.2773.5560.0.6196.16.14.0.0.0.0.360.1646.0j9j0j1.10.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..6.10.1637.0..0j46j0i46k1.0.TTNj_rIPiFA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;just a random search&lt;/a&gt;) but i'm not sure if any of them lists the actual declension group as well besides the declension table&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the record, &lt;code&gt;деньги&lt;/code&gt; doesn't only exist in plural form, as there's its usable singular form &lt;code&gt;деньга&lt;/code&gt;, admittedly not too actively usable, but isn't completely obsolete either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also to figure out possible declension group of a given word it might be worthwhile recalling any familiar words built after the same pattern as there're good chances that they will inflect identically (this is the way i imagine how children learn the language).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example in the case of &lt;code&gt;люди&lt;/code&gt;, there's a morphologically identical word  &lt;code&gt;груди&lt;/code&gt; which unlike &lt;code&gt;люди&lt;/code&gt; does have a singular form &lt;code&gt;грудь&lt;/code&gt;, and unsurprisingly plural forms of both words inflect identically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And that's true for even &lt;code&gt;бигуди&lt;/code&gt; as well despite shift in the word stress to the last syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For &lt;code&gt;сутки&lt;/code&gt; a suitable guide would be &lt;code&gt;утки&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-11-26T13:52:11.270" LastActivityDate="2017-11-26T13:52:11.270" CommentCount="4" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-03-30T19:07:02.400" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15289" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-26T18:49:08.960" Score="7" ViewCount="607" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need to know if &quot;задница&quot; is slang and/or offensive. Or is it appropriate in polite conversation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9540" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-11-27T07:52:07.360" LastActivityDate="2017-11-27T15:27:10.240" Title="Is the word &quot;задница&quot; vulgar?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15289" CreationDate="2017-11-26T19:19:50.073" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not offensive (unless used as a designation for a person) and not slang but vulgar it is, not quite like &lt;code&gt;жопа&lt;/code&gt; оr worse, but enough to be avoided in a polite conversation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead some literary/medical/anatomical terms are preferred or naming it with euphemisms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not tagged as vulgar in the dictionary unlike &lt;code&gt;жопа&lt;/code&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/задница&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But none of the usage examples can be considered polite or decent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-11-27T07:44:44.847" LastActivityDate="2017-11-27T07:44:44.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15291" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15294" CreationDate="2017-11-26T23:47:20.447" Score="1" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please see the screenshot (&lt;a href=&quot;https://lrc.la.utexas.edu/lex/master/1091&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;original&lt;/a&gt;) with my question inscribed: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vDfsy.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vDfsy.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9822" LastActivityDate="2017-11-27T09:35:30.063" Title="What semantic notions underlie 'to see, show' and 'order'?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2017-11-27T11:02:33.617" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15289" CreationDate="2017-11-26T23:58:01.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not exactly polite and it can be offensive depending on the context (e.g. &lt;code&gt;подними свою задницу и сделай что-нибудь&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;get off your ass and do something&lt;/code&gt;), but it's not vulgar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9823" LastActivityDate="2017-11-26T23:58:01.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15291" CreationDate="2017-11-27T05:18:47.240" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;em&gt;ukazat&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;указать&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;указывать&lt;/em&gt;) comes from the noun &lt;em&gt;указ&lt;/em&gt; which means decree, ruling. This was typically used for decrees issued by Tsars. Thus, the original meaning of &lt;em&gt;указать&lt;/em&gt; is to give &lt;strong&gt;order&lt;/strong&gt;/direction to do something or to behave in a certain way. Nowadays this meaning is often used within family context, for example a teenage child fed up with parents' orders might say to them &quot;кончайте мне указывать!&quot; (&quot;stop telling me what to do!&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, the more common meaning of &lt;em&gt;указать&lt;/em&gt; is to show, demonstrate, point someone to something specific or some detail within a wider area, especially when that someone is seeking the detail. For example, the police may bring a robbery victim in front of several suspects and ask the victim to &lt;em&gt;указать&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;show&lt;/strong&gt;/point to) the one who robbed him. Or a criminal may, while interrogated, &lt;em&gt;указать&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;show&lt;/strong&gt;/reveal/disclose) his accomplices. Or one may &lt;em&gt;указать&lt;/em&gt; the location of the treasure on the Treasure Island map.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning of &quot;to &lt;strong&gt;see&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is no more relevant in this context than the fact that the person being showed something can / supposed to see it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9824" LastActivityDate="2017-11-27T05:18:47.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15291" CreationDate="2017-11-27T09:04:01.547" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Указ&lt;/code&gt; is a type of a formal order&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A real life example: when a master orders (&lt;code&gt;приказывает&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;даёт указание/приказ&lt;/code&gt;) a servant or a slave to do something he might indicate that with a gesture of finger pointing (&lt;code&gt;указывает&lt;/code&gt;) to the side as if &lt;strong&gt;showing&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;code&gt;показывает&lt;/code&gt;) what he must do&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A gesture of finger pointing can be interpreted as drawing someone's attention to the object being pointed at, and so &lt;strong&gt;showing&lt;/strong&gt; them that object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian as in English &lt;code&gt;index finger&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;указательный палец&lt;/code&gt;, because it's used for indicating/pointing at (&lt;code&gt;указывать&lt;/code&gt;) things and as it were revealing them to others, or &lt;strong&gt;showing&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With regard to semantic link with &lt;strong&gt;to see&lt;/strong&gt;, to me it seems rather weak. Other than the fact that &lt;code&gt;seeing&lt;/code&gt; could result from &lt;code&gt;indicating/pointing at/showing&lt;/code&gt; it could be said that the verb &lt;code&gt;видеться&lt;/code&gt;, a cognate of &lt;code&gt;видеть&lt;/code&gt;,  is a synonym of the verb &lt;code&gt;казаться&lt;/code&gt;, itself a cognate of &lt;code&gt;указ&lt;/code&gt;, and that another way of saying &lt;code&gt;по-каж-и!&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;show&lt;/strong&gt; me) might be &lt;code&gt;дай/позволь по-смотр-еть!&lt;/code&gt; (let me &lt;strong&gt;see&lt;/strong&gt;/let me have a &lt;strong&gt;look&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-11-27T09:35:30.063" LastActivityDate="2017-11-27T09:35:30.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15289" CreationDate="2017-11-27T12:35:30.893" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some ways of moving from rudeness towards politeness in case referring to that body part can't be avoided:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;попа&lt;/em&gt; - a direct reference, often used in conversation with children or with a patient about an upcoming injection (informally; medically formal is &quot;укол в ягодицу&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;мягкое место&lt;/em&gt; - used to describe comic situations, etc. - with some friendly irony&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;(то, что) пониже спины&lt;/em&gt; (slightly informal, neutral reference)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-11-27T12:35:30.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15296" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15289" CreationDate="2017-11-27T13:08:50.860" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As others mentioned, &lt;code&gt;задница&lt;/code&gt; is not an extremely rude word. You can hear it quite often in television (in a movie or TV series), but you should never use it in polite conversation, yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some more examples about referring to that part of a body:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;пятая точка&lt;/code&gt; - neutral word, one of the best ways to mention it in the polite conversation. Even teachers sometimes use this in schools jokingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;попец&lt;/code&gt; - good word to use in friendly conversation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Серёг, подвинься немного, ты своим &lt;em&gt;попцом&lt;/em&gt; все печенья сейчас раздавишь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9606" LastActivityDate="2017-11-27T13:08:50.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15289" CreationDate="2017-11-27T15:27:10.240" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The part of the body was considered a bit improper to mention. And the word was considered as the a decent way to speak about an indecent part of body. As all these decent euphemisms, it too, started to transgress into becoming rude, had already got a touch of being funny and a little bit rude in the first half of 20th century, but didn't become an indecent word. And, I think, never will, for the subject itself is no more considered indecent in the contemporary life and language, and even the most rude form becomes acceptable in and by the cultural speech, TV, literature and even poems for children, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Жопа есть, а слова - нет?!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, now the word &quot;задница&quot; is not indecent or improper even a little bit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1212" LastActivityDate="2017-11-27T15:27:10.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15298" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15299" CreationDate="2017-11-27T20:01:13.587" Score="6" ViewCount="693" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it acceptable in modern Russian to address a person as &quot;господин Смирнов&quot; / &quot;госпожа Смирнова&quot;? Or does that sound weird, outdated, or perhaps condescending?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5375" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-11-29T10:29:04.883" LastActivityDate="2020-11-24T09:46:39.933" Title="Are &quot;господин&quot; and &quot;госпожа&quot; acceptable words in modern Russian?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;социолингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15298" CreationDate="2017-11-27T20:30:55.880" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Short answer:&lt;/em&gt; It is fully equivalent to Mr./Ms. nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Long answer:&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;Господин&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;госпожа&lt;/code&gt; is a modern polite address, to be combined with the &lt;em&gt;last name&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Господин Иванов!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A possible polite address is also first name + patronymic if you know it. It's more polite, but also somewhat closer. Not a clerk to a customer, but business partners to each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сергей Иванович!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; not acceptable in the Soviet times because of the &quot;bourgeois&quot; connotations, as it was the address in tsar era. Soviet times had &lt;code&gt;товарищ&lt;/code&gt; (i.e. the over-used &quot;comrade&quot;) and &lt;code&gt;гражданин&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;гражданка&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;citizen&quot;, used rather in unique circumstances when the addressed person &quot;was not a comrade&quot;,  i.e. that how a coroner could address the murderer suspect).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Товарищ Сидоров!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still somewhat in use is &lt;code&gt;гражданин&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;гражданка&lt;/code&gt;, as it has no &quot;communist&quot; connotation, although quite special, even if not in the above sense. When in doubt, use &lt;code&gt;господин&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;госпожа&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To call out someone on the street (&quot;Hey, you!&quot;, &quot;Excuse me!&quot;, etc.) use &lt;code&gt;молодой человек&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;девушка&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Девушка, вы обронили билет!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastEditorUserId="4769" LastEditDate="2017-12-02T12:51:59.943" LastActivityDate="2017-12-02T12:51:59.943" CommentCount="17" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15300" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15301" CreationDate="2017-11-27T20:49:07.113" Score="6" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally voiced consonants become unvoiced when they're at the end of a word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;  is pronounced   &lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;б&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced &lt;strong&gt;п&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced &lt;strong&gt;ф&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ж&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced &lt;strong&gt;ш&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;з&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any exceptions to this rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T16:32:23.587" Title="Voiced consonants at the end of words" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15300" CreationDate="2017-11-27T21:21:05.550" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, if the next word starts with a voiced consonant (of those you listed), then the final consonant also becomes voiced, even if it was unvoiced: &lt;strong&gt;кот был, код был&lt;/strong&gt; both have [д], while &lt;strong&gt;кот стал, код стал&lt;/strong&gt; both have [т] before [с]. This only happens in continuous speech, when there is no pauses between the two words. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final-obstruent_devoicing#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Final-obstruent devoicing&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Voicing and devoicing happens not only at word boundaries, but also at morpheme boundaries. E.g. in &lt;strong&gt;посадка&lt;/strong&gt; the Д sounds like a Т and &lt;strong&gt;сделка&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced with an initial [з-]. See &lt;a href=&quot;http://megabook.ru/article/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Оглушение согласных&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if you want to 'spell out' a word, you could say e.g. &lt;strong&gt;Глеб&lt;/strong&gt; with the voiced Б. This is the most common way of explaining how something is written, rather than spelling out individual letters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-11-27T23:12:48.490" LastActivityDate="2017-11-27T23:12:48.490" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15302" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15303" CreationDate="2017-11-28T23:57:05.390" Score="5" ViewCount="213" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the right way to pronounce &lt;strong&gt;большую&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; mentions both &lt;em&gt;бо́льшую&lt;/em&gt; and &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%83&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;большу́ю&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, what's the difference between them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a special case that you just have to live with?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T00:14:11.230" Title="Pronunciation of большую" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15302" CreationDate="2017-11-29T01:22:49.390" Score="4" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Больш&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;я (with the emphasis on the &quot;а&quot;) — is the adjective &quot;big&quot; for feminine nouns, like больш&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;я победа (a big victory, a big win), больш&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;я машина (a big car) etc. больш&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ю in this case is the word больш&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;я in the genitive or accusative case. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Б&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;льшая (with the emphasis on the &quot;о&quot;) — is a bit complicated. Roughly speaking, it's an equivalent of the word &quot;bigger&quot; in English, but with considerable catches:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it's used only when referring to something feminine, which/who is bigger out of several other things: &#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Which car should I buy? Take a bigger one. -&gt; Какую машину стоит мне купить? Возьми б&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;льшую. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it's not used when comparing these things directly (as one can see, there is no word б&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;льшая in that case):&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This car is bigger, than that one. -&gt; Эта машина &lt;strong&gt;больше&lt;/strong&gt; той&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NOT&lt;/strong&gt; Эта машина б&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;льшая той&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word больш&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ю in case 2 is the word б&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;льшая in the genitive or instrumental case, likewise in case 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to summarize, &lt;strong&gt;both ways are correct&lt;/strong&gt;, because the words are different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize all the cases of this kind (больш&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;я — б&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;льшая), here is the list (the adjectives here also have to be declined properly, this is only their initial form in the nominative case):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;больш&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;й (big) / б&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;льший (roughly &quot;bigger&quot;) — adjectives to use with the masculine nouns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;больш&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;я (big) / б&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;льшая (roughly &quot;bigger&quot;) — adjectives to use with the feminine nouns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;больш&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;е (big) / б&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;льшее (roughly &quot;bigger&quot;) — adjectives to use with the so-called &quot;middle gender&quot; nouns&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorUserId="179" LastEditDate="2017-12-01T00:14:11.230" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T00:14:11.230" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15302" CreationDate="2017-11-29T06:00:12.260" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;A compact explanation. These are two words of different &lt;em&gt;meaning&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;stress position&lt;/em&gt; which doesn't vary with cases. Depending on case/gender, the two words may differ in &lt;em&gt;spelling&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Большо́й&lt;/strong&gt; (-а́я, fem.) means &lt;strong&gt;big&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бо́льший&lt;/strong&gt; (-ая, fem.) means &lt;strong&gt;the bigger&lt;/strong&gt; (one/part - of whatever is available).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бо́льшую&lt;/strong&gt; is the accusative case (fem. gender, singular) of &lt;em&gt;бо́льшая&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;большу́ю&lt;/strong&gt; is the accusative case (fem. gender, singular) of больша́я (the spelling in the accusative/nominative &lt;em&gt;coincides&lt;/em&gt; for feminine). The spelling here (fem. + singular) will differ for cases &lt;em&gt;other than&lt;/em&gt; nominative/accusative: &lt;strong&gt;большо́й/бо́льшей&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, the &lt;em&gt;stress position&lt;/em&gt; always corresponds to the initial adjective's &lt;em&gt;meaning&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2017-11-29T17:45:55.803" LastActivityDate="2017-11-29T17:45:55.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15305" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15306" CreationDate="2017-11-29T21:07:19.637" Score="4" ViewCount="589" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm having a &lt;strong&gt;very&lt;/strong&gt; hard time understanding this pronunciation.&#xA;Is it safe to assume that &lt;strong&gt;ый&lt;/strong&gt; sounds like &lt;em&gt;ey&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;hey&lt;/em&gt; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take the word &lt;em&gt;сильный&lt;/em&gt; for instance,&#xA;the pronunciation on &lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;forvo&lt;/a&gt; is slightly different than the one on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;, which one is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="9603" LastEditDate="2017-12-13T03:22:57.267" LastActivityDate="2017-12-13T03:22:57.267" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;ый&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15305" CreationDate="2017-11-29T21:57:07.443" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;All three of forvo are correct, while Wiktionary sounds as сильн&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;й.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hey&lt;/em&gt; does not sound to me as a safe replacement of &lt;em&gt;ый&lt;/em&gt;. As far as I know, the sound Ы does not exist in English. Have a look at this nice lesson: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sB61Fi1LluY&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sB61Fi1LluY&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9863" LastActivityDate="2017-11-29T21:57:07.443" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15305" CreationDate="2017-11-29T21:58:55.623" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Only the last phoneme in &lt;code&gt;-ый&lt;/code&gt; is similar to &lt;code&gt;ey&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;code&gt;hey&lt;/code&gt;, but not the entire syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not entirely clear what part of the syllable is a problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The divergence may be due to difference in expression of different speakers, without proper effort in articulation (like in fluent speech) it may sound as just &lt;code&gt;-ы&lt;/code&gt; without &lt;code&gt;-й&lt;/code&gt;, which at this position is very short anyway (not without a reason the letter is named &quot;short И&quot;), getting reduced because the word stress is far removed from it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I didn't notice it being pronounced as &lt;code&gt;-ий&lt;/code&gt; in the clips.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word contains both vowels с&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;льн&lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt;й and in the Wiktionary clip difference in their pronunciation is apparent. &lt;code&gt;И&lt;/code&gt; softens consonants which precede it (save for &lt;code&gt;Ц/Ж/Ш&lt;/code&gt;, which in combination &lt;code&gt;ЦИ/ЖИ/ШИ&lt;/code&gt; are pronounced as &lt;code&gt;ЦЫ/ЖЫ/ШЫ&lt;/code&gt;) whereas in the clip &lt;code&gt;Н&lt;/code&gt; before &lt;code&gt;-ый&lt;/code&gt; isn't softened, which would be the case had the ending been pronounced as &lt;code&gt;-ий&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're trying to understand how &lt;code&gt;ы&lt;/code&gt; is to be properly pronounced, i'd suggest taking notice of how English &lt;code&gt;duh&lt;/code&gt; interjection is pronounced, because its vowel is quite close.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-11-30T12:58:28.687" LastActivityDate="2017-11-30T12:58:28.687" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15298" CreationDate="2017-11-30T00:02:34.200" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say господин/госпожа are very rarely used nowadays! I could only remember Что? Где? Когда? TV show as an example. In most cases when you say Mr./Ms. we say First Name + Patronymic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9863" LastActivityDate="2017-11-30T00:02:34.200" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15309" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-11-30T03:40:50.053" Score="0" ViewCount="240" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering how to translate this Star Wars quotation.   Both &quot;force&quot; and &quot;strong&quot; are сила/сильный.  So I'm wondering how to translate the n a way that's not repetitive.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6141" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T17:54:02.327" Title="&quot;The force is strong with this one&quot; --перевод" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2017-11-30T11:41:52.460" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15309" CreationDate="2017-11-30T08:48:37.207" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Normally requests for translation are considered off-topic here, but anyway&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &lt;code&gt;strong&lt;/code&gt; indicates a great(er) degree/amount of &lt;code&gt;force&lt;/code&gt;, not strength in the literal sense, so&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сила его велика&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-11-30T09:03:23.380" LastActivityDate="2017-11-30T09:03:23.380" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15312" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15313" CreationDate="2017-12-01T13:19:42.200" Score="4" ViewCount="184" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a chat about an annoying user (I believe in Russian you would call her a &lt;em&gt;тролль&lt;/em&gt;), I came across the following comment: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну остаётся только &lt;strong&gt;забить на неё&lt;/strong&gt;, мне кажется, её только подстегивает&#xA;  то, что с ней тут &lt;strong&gt;цацкаются&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not knowing what some of the words meant, I posted it on a language app asking for a translation. A Russian native gave me a rough rendition in questionable English, which I in turn translated into &lt;em&gt;good&lt;/em&gt; English, according to the original context, as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The only thing left to do is to ignore her. I think it only encourages&#xA;  her when people make such a fuss over her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, some of the Russians insist that this is incorrect. Could someone please indicate if there are an inaccuracies in my translation and what I'm missing? One of the critiques is that the English register is too mild. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2017-12-01T13:35:05.943" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T15:51:56.333" Title="Interpretation of &quot;забить&quot; and &quot;цацкаться&quot;" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15312" CreationDate="2017-12-01T14:15:10.470" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The translation is correct, more in the meaning than in the vocabulary, because the vocabulary of the Russian phrase includes colloquialisms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Забить на...&lt;/code&gt; is a shorthand or a more decent version of &lt;code&gt;забить х.. (profanity) на...&lt;/code&gt;, which is very offensive, basically &lt;code&gt;to not give a f... about&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Забей на него! - F... him! (as imperative)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Забей на это! - F... that! (as imperative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Цацкаться&lt;/code&gt; (as well as &lt;code&gt;панькаться&lt;/code&gt;) is &lt;code&gt;to wet-nurse&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;to molly-coddle&lt;/code&gt; as per &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=2&amp;amp;l2=1&amp;amp;s=%F6%E0%F6%EA%E0%F2%FC%F1%FF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Multitran&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;цацка&lt;/code&gt; is a derogatory name for &lt;code&gt;a toy&lt;/code&gt;, so on this basis the meaning of the verb may be derived, not exactly &lt;code&gt;играться&lt;/code&gt; but within that semantic field, for example &lt;code&gt;to be lenient with&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb is mostly used disapprovingly to describe systematic toleration of bad/uncivil behavior and timid attempts at thwarting it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So a closer equivalent could probably look like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Well, f.. her, she's just getting a kick out of the fact that everyone&#xA;  here is wet nursing/mincing their words with her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-01T15:16:57.957" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T15:16:57.957" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15312" CreationDate="2017-12-01T14:23:07.203" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suppose the first part of the sentence has a good translation, but the second part I would translate like &lt;strong&gt;when people take care of her too much&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;when people make such a fuss over her&lt;/strong&gt;, because in the Russian dictionaries &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;цацкаться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (the infinitive of the word &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;цацкаются&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) means &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to take care of someone too much.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9814" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T14:23:07.203" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15312" CreationDate="2017-12-01T15:41:46.207" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The translation, indeed, sounds a bit too mild, however, the general meaning is correct. The author of the original Russian comment uses derogatory language (but note, not the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Mat_(Russian_profanity)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian mat&lt;/a&gt;), while your translation is much politer and misses emotional aspect and negative connotations of '&lt;em&gt;забить на неё&lt;/em&gt;' and '&lt;em&gt;цацкаться&lt;/em&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'&lt;em&gt;цацкаться&lt;/em&gt;' indeed means to take care of someone too much, however, there is a connotation of spoiling the object of care by giving too much attention to it. It is close to a childcare observed in case of helicopter parents in their extreme version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think a closer translation would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only thing we can do is to stop giving a shit about her. I believe that our fussing over her only encourages her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9128" LastEditorUserId="9128" LastEditDate="2017-12-01T15:51:56.333" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T15:51:56.333" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15300" CreationDate="2017-12-01T16:32:23.587" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For more precision, we can say that obstruents (like the consonants you mention) devoice; but resonants (м, н, л, р) are exceptions in that they don't devoice in final position: so там, он, вал, and вор all end in voiced consonants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's admittedly a bit of a simplification - Jaye Padgett has a &lt;a href=&quot;http://roa.rutgers.edu/files/528-0702/528-0702-PADGETT-0-0.PDF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;paper&lt;/a&gt; where he mentions disagreement about the degree of devoicing of resonants, in section 2.3. But my sense is that's the overall tendency.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В is kind of marginal in that it does devoice in final position, but it doesn't cause voicing of a preceding consonant: свой [svoj], not *[zvoj].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T16:32:23.587" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15278" CreationDate="2017-12-01T18:43:55.310" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't say is necessarily should have something to do with science or technology. It's much simpler. &quot;Оснóвный&quot; means &quot;related to оснóва&quot; (base, bottom, foundation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The translation of основнóй above is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T18:43:55.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6962" CreationDate="2017-12-01T19:08:19.920" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;есть ли другие слова, в которых количество слогов больше количества&#xA;  писанных гласных?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну, также - в зависимости от того как произносить - &quot;мяу&quot;. По крайней мере кошки мяукают односложно )&#xA;Ну, из заимствованных - модное нынче &quot;ресепшн&quot; - явно 3 слога.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9896" LastActivityDate="2017-12-01T19:08:19.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15319" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15320" CreationDate="2017-12-02T04:36:55.097" Score="5" ViewCount="697" Body="&lt;p&gt;Church Slavonic texts often appear in a particular old style of script. The lettering is related to Glagolitic and Blackletter (Gothic) in its parallel-line construction and dense packing. It does not seem to share much of the Uncial heritage of modern Cyrillic writing. A very jaunty skew occurs on the &quot;O&quot; in order to form it from two long lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the name of this old type of lettering?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vTUhQ.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vTUhQ.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;font sample&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mTSpa.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mTSpa.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;website section heading&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SIcah.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/SIcah.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;orthodox icon&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastActivityDate="2017-12-05T03:27:18.363" Title="Church Slavonic lettering style" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15319" CreationDate="2017-12-02T08:42:38.097" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If i'm not mistaken it must be &lt;code&gt;титульный шрифт&lt;/code&gt; (from the obsolete &lt;code&gt;титул&lt;/code&gt; - title, since it was used to inscribe book/chapter titles), or &lt;code&gt;титульная вязь&lt;/code&gt;, which i'm not sure is an accurate name because it only becomes &lt;code&gt;вязь&lt;/code&gt; when the letters are combined into ligatures or in other decorative ways. And i suppose it's based on &lt;code&gt;устав&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-02T11:51:58.020" LastActivityDate="2017-12-02T11:51:58.020" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15321" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15322" CreationDate="2017-12-02T23:50:46.807" Score="9" ViewCount="383" Body="&lt;p&gt;So recently I came across this word and I noticed that it's actually pronounced &lt;em&gt;коне&lt;strong&gt;ш&lt;/strong&gt;но&lt;/em&gt;. I thought I was missing something but the &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/15300/voiced-consonants-at-the-end-of-words?noredirect=1#comment31423_15300&quot;&gt;voiced consonants rule&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, does not mention the letter &lt;strong&gt;ч&lt;/strong&gt; being pronounced as &lt;strong&gt;ш&lt;/strong&gt;. Does this always happen when &lt;strong&gt;ш&lt;/strong&gt; comes before &lt;strong&gt;н&lt;/strong&gt;  or is this word special?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T01:24:32.113" Title="Pronunciation of конечно" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15321" CreationDate="2017-12-03T02:15:09.730" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.politicalavenue.com/languageschool/Russian%20Language%20Learning%20Pack%20(Updated)/43.A%20Comprehensive%20Russian%20Grammar%20(Blackwell).pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;A Comprehensive Russian Grammar&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; by T. Wade gives a rule for the pronunciation of -чн-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The pronunciation of -чн-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) -чн- is pronounced [ʃn] in certain words (конéчно [kʌˈnɛʃnə] ‘of&#xA;  course’, нарóчно ‘on purpose’, очéчник ‘spectacle case’, прáчечная&#xA;  ‘laundry’, скýчно ‘boring’, яичница ‘fried eggs’), as well as in the&#xA;  patronymics Ильинична ‘Ilinichna’, Сáввична ‘Savvichna’ and Никитична&#xA;  ‘Nikitichna’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) However, the pronunciation [ʧn] is used in more ‘learned’ words&#xA;  such as áлчный [ˈalʧntj] ‘greedy’, античный ‘ancient’ добáвочный&#xA;  ‘additional’, and конéчный ‘ultimate’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) -чн- is pronounced either as [ʃn] or [ʧn] in бýлочная ‘bakery’ and&#xA;  молóчная ‘dairy’. Коричневый ‘brown’ is pronounced with [ʧn].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Note&lt;/em&gt; Ч is also pronounced [ʃ] in что ‘that’ and чтóбы ‘in order to’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule describes the Standard Russain based on Moscow pronunciation. Regional pronunciations may differ. For example, in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.verbling.com/articles/post/the-differences-between-russian-from-moscow-and-russian-from-st-petersburg-552ee4b35afee0982a1a82ff&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Saint Petersburg&lt;/a&gt; people, especially older generation, would say конечно with [ʧn].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it comes specifically to конечно in Moscow dialect, a choice between [ʧn] and [ʃn] also depends on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a specific meaning&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;конечно as 'surely' is pronounced with [ʃn];&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;конечно as 'finite' or 'limited' is pronounced with [ʧn].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9128" LastEditorUserId="9128" LastEditDate="2017-12-03T06:42:12.857" LastActivityDate="2017-12-03T06:42:12.857" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15321" CreationDate="2017-12-03T09:31:31.277" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Except &lt;code&gt;конечно&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;что&lt;/code&gt; pretty much every word containing &lt;code&gt;-чн/чт-&lt;/code&gt; can  (and many must) be legitimately pronounced without transition to &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt;, and while &lt;code&gt;конеЧно&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Что&lt;/code&gt; being pronounced literally are perceived as acceptable albeit uncommon, pronunciation of &lt;code&gt;поШта&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;обыШный&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;поЧта&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;обыЧный&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;тоШный&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;лиШный&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;тоЧный&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;лиЧный&lt;/code&gt; etc. not only militates against normative pronunciation but creates difficulties in communication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the rule of thumb would be pronunciation of these phonemes as they're written. While &lt;code&gt;конечно&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;что&lt;/code&gt; can be simply memorized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2017-12-03T09:31:31.277" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15324" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15325" CreationDate="2017-12-03T14:02:24.507" Score="9" ViewCount="1252" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-12-04T16:26:50.387" LastActivityDate="2017-12-04T16:26:50.387" Title="Difference between &quot;извините&quot; and &quot;простите&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15324" CreationDate="2017-12-03T14:42:23.147" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as frequency is concerned &lt;code&gt;извините&lt;/code&gt; is used more frequently in everyday speech. &lt;code&gt;Простите&lt;/code&gt; is more literary and may sound pretentious. In movies it can be heard far more often than i hear it in everyday life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the meaning is concerned, my feeling is that &lt;code&gt;простите&lt;/code&gt; tends to be loaded with greater sense of guilt and so express deeper remorse, whereas &lt;code&gt;извините&lt;/code&gt; is a more formal element of polite speech, even though it's a cognate of the word &lt;code&gt;вина&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-03T16:46:18.433" LastActivityDate="2017-12-03T16:46:18.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15326" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15327" CreationDate="2017-12-03T16:11:21.360" Score="2" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does this phrase have Russian equivalent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9926" LastActivityDate="2017-12-03T16:13:13.687" Title="Too many cooks spoil the broth" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2017-12-04T16:27:46.923" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15326" CreationDate="2017-12-03T16:13:13.687" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes: У семи нянек дитя без глазу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9921" LastActivityDate="2017-12-03T16:13:13.687" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7579" CreationDate="2017-12-03T18:35:26.273" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;See also &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/writing/comma?08&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;English Grammar online site&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Old McDonald had a pig and a dog and a cow and a horse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, a comma before &quot;и&quot; (&quot;and&quot;) is required:&#xA;&quot;Старый Макдональд имел свинью, и собаку, и корову, и лошадь&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9929" LastActivityDate="2017-12-03T18:35:26.273" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-12-04T16:28:00.620" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15324" CreationDate="2017-12-03T21:04:35.913" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;простите&lt;/strong&gt; - means &quot;I confirm that I did something wrong. It's my mistake. Please, forgive me.&quot;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;извините&lt;/strong&gt; - means &quot;May be, I did something wrong. But I'm sorry just for yor feelings, not for my actions.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;извините&lt;/strong&gt; are like &quot;Ok. It's sad to be on your place, if my actions make you sad. But, generally, this is not in my responsibility zone. It's just your feelings, and I really didn't want to harm it.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9931" LastActivityDate="2017-12-03T21:04:35.913" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15330" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15333" CreationDate="2017-12-04T16:13:03.113" Score="5" ViewCount="1408" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was trying to explain to someone the English phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He couldn't hold his alcohol (also liquor)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that one becomes drunk very easily. Are there any Russian idioms/expressions that are roughly equivalent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9579" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-12-05T14:09:33.190" LastActivityDate="2017-12-05T14:09:33.190" Title="He couldn't hold his alcohol - how to say it in Russian?" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15330" CreationDate="2017-12-04T16:25:36.193" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a &lt;code&gt;не умеет пить&lt;/code&gt; but it this is more with a stress on the fact that one behaves badly / inappropriately even when supposedly he/she hadn't drunk that much. Like in the following phrase (found in Internet):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Муж не умеет пить. То есть если выпьет больше одного бокала, скажем,&#xA;  вина или пива (водку не пьет), становится полным идиотом, дурачком и&#xA;  мудаком. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more neutral way would be to just say &lt;code&gt;быстро пьянеет&lt;/code&gt; (or, more casual, &lt;code&gt;быстро напивается&lt;/code&gt;) - getting drunk fast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2017-12-05T09:59:50.567" LastActivityDate="2017-12-05T09:59:50.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15330" CreationDate="2017-12-04T18:05:01.887" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;От одного запаха [спиртного] пьянеет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just throwing it there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-12-04T18:05:01.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15330" CreationDate="2017-12-04T18:08:28.243" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Его/её быстро &quot;развозит&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt; - He becomes drunk very fast. (Here is allegory to dirt road under rain).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ему/ей и капли хватит напиться.&lt;/strong&gt; - One drop of alcohol, and he/she will be drunk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Слабенький попался. (Слабенькая попалась)&lt;/strong&gt; - Weak constitution human that easy affected to alcohol.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ему и пробочку понюхать хватит.&lt;/strong&gt; - Smell a cork - and he's done!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9931" LastActivityDate="2017-12-04T18:08:28.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15319" CreationDate="2017-12-04T19:59:25.317" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This group of fonts may not have a specific name, other than Church-Slavonic fonts. Such fonts usually support other features of Church-Slavonic language, such as extra letters, diacritics, titles and superscripts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often enough it's not only a different font, but also a different language. In the icon that you provided in the question, the inscription at the top says: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;РЕЧЕ ГДЬ СВОИМЪ УЧЕИКОМ&quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; The spelled out form (Гдь -&gt; Господь, учеиком -&gt; учеником)  is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Рече Господь своимъ учеником&lt;/em&gt; / Says God to his disciples.&lt;/strong&gt; As you can see from the grammar, it's not Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is another &lt;a href=&quot;https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BwmZ0X8TCLyaRFFKcUFXOU5xTmc/edit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;example of text&lt;/a&gt; in Church Slavonic. It has an upper case narrow &quot;O&quot; in the title line, lower case narrow &quot;o&quot; in the second line, broad capital &quot;O&quot; in the third line, and lower case &quot;omega&quot; in the third line. Church-Slavonic has multiple glyphs for sound &quot;O&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.irmologion.ru/fonts.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;some more fonts&lt;/a&gt; that can be used for Church-Slavonic publications.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОЗРЕНИЕ&lt;/strong&gt; formatted in Church Slavonic font is probably meant to create &lt;em&gt;&quot;faux antique&quot;&lt;/em&gt; effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-12-04T20:47:40.700" LastActivityDate="2017-12-04T20:47:40.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15335" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15336" CreationDate="2017-12-04T20:38:23.117" Score="8" ViewCount="394" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &lt;strong&gt;азбука&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;алфавит&lt;/strong&gt;?&#xA;My book is constantly using the former, however most of the videos I found use алфавит. Is &lt;strong&gt;азбука&lt;/strong&gt; still used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-12-05T10:00:07.963" LastActivityDate="2017-12-05T15:26:20.590" Title="Difference between &quot;азбука&quot; and &quot;алфавит&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15335" CreationDate="2017-12-04T20:48:34.097" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In essence these are supposed to be synonyms, as both terms are derived from names of alphabet characters - on the one hand &lt;code&gt;азбука&lt;/code&gt; out of &lt;code&gt;А - азъ&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Б - буки&lt;/code&gt; (names of the letters in the pre-reform Russian alphabet) and on the other hand &lt;code&gt;Alpha + Beta&lt;/code&gt; correspondingly. The first is a native Russian word (i suppose) whereas the second is obviously borrowed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However in modern language &lt;code&gt;алфавит&lt;/code&gt; is used to denote &lt;code&gt;alphabet&lt;/code&gt; proper while &lt;code&gt;азбука&lt;/code&gt; is a name for a type of colorful children textbook (or another auxiliary material) which teaches &lt;code&gt;alphabet&lt;/code&gt;. You can get an idea if you Google search images with the term &lt;code&gt;азбука&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-05T06:23:31.467" LastActivityDate="2017-12-05T06:23:31.467" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7579" CreationDate="2017-12-04T21:30:43.610" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I once read in a book for Russians about writing in English that the purpose of a comma in written English is to help the reader, while the purpose of a comma in written Russian is to demonstrate to the reader that the writer knows the rules for using commas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2017-12-04T21:30:43.610" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-12-04T21:30:43.610" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15335" CreationDate="2017-12-04T23:42:24.983" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the correct answer provided I just want to add that &lt;code&gt;азбука&lt;/code&gt; can be used to indicate something very basic, the most fundamental laws, like in following phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Это просто настолько азбучная истина, что я даже не думал тебе это как-то дополнительно разъяснять.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Азбука хорошего настроения - никогда не поддаваться унынию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can not say &lt;code&gt;это же просто алфавитная истина&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;алфавит хорошего настроения&lt;/code&gt; instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-12-05T15:26:20.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15319" CreationDate="2017-12-05T03:27:18.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;you may be also interested in кириллическая вязь &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mUJTn.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/mUJTn.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9948" LastActivityDate="2017-12-05T03:27:18.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15340" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15342" CreationDate="2017-12-05T20:07:06.543" Score="3" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно указывать род деятельности программиста с привязкой к языку программирования?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Например, для подписи под текстом, письмом, отзывом, цитатой и т. д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Иван Петров, С++ программист &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Иван Петров, программист С++&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="676" LastActivityDate="2017-12-08T05:55:31.763" Title="«С++ программист» или «программист С++»?" Tags="&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15340" CreationDate="2017-12-05T21:48:48.957" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если выбирать из двух вариантов, я бы выбрал &quot;С++ программист&quot;. Потому что &quot;программист Java&quot;, &quot;программист Python&quot;, &quot;программист PHP&quot; звучат коряво - они построены по аналогии с &quot;программист ЭВМ&quot;, &quot;администратор БД&quot; но при этом наполнение у них совсем другое - ведь программист ЭВМ - это программист электронных вычислительных машин, а администратор БД - администратор баз данных. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но я не стал бы выбирать из двух вариантов, второй очень корявый, первый - фактически калька с английского (С++ developer) - хоть и общепринятая. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я бы написал:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Иван Петров, программист (C++, Perl)&#xA;или&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Иван Петров, программист на С++&#xA;или&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Иван Петров, программист (специализация - С++)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-12-05T22:29:07.910" LastActivityDate="2017-12-05T22:29:07.910" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15340" CreationDate="2017-12-05T23:22:53.590" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы написал:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Иван Петров, программист на С++&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Иван Петров, программист на Java и т.д.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сравните:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;игра на пианино - пианист&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;игра на гитаре - гитарист и т.д.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но если специального слова нет, то:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;игра на бубне - игрок на бубне&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;программирование на С++ - программист на С++&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-12-05T23:55:19.193" LastActivityDate="2017-12-05T23:55:19.193" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15343" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15358" CreationDate="2017-12-05T23:26:25.720" Score="10" ViewCount="299" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Constructions of the type КАК БЫ НЕ..., what exactly does the &quot;не&quot; add to the phrase. I'm looking for a literal interpretation from those of you that know both English and Russian at a very high level. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example—&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я боюсь, как бы он не забыл зайти в аптеку. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правительство боится, как бы этот закон не привел к увлечению бюджетных мест. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a literal translation of these sentences, and why do we need &quot;не&quot; at all? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2017-12-06T19:23:02.473" LastActivityDate="2017-12-07T14:51:54.043" Title="Construction—Как бы не...—Why is &quot;не&quot; used?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15343" CreationDate="2017-12-06T01:01:20.087" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как бы не&quot; is a traditional construct that is often utilized to convey negative meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's look into the details of your example.&#xA;&quot;Правительство боится, как бы этот закон не привел к увлечению бюджетных мест.&quot; - &quot;The government is afraid that this law can lead to the increase of subsidized enrollment(?)&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now let's see if we can drop the &quot;не&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Правительство боится, как бы этот закон привел к увлечению бюджетных мест.&quot; - this phrase is clumsy and its meaning is unclear. Why? Because the word &quot;боится&quot; implies &lt;strong&gt;negative&lt;/strong&gt; meaning - but the particle &quot;не&quot; is missing, so we are not sure what exactly the government is afraid of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if we change the negative verb into a &lt;strong&gt;neutral&lt;/strong&gt; one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Правительство &lt;em&gt;думает&lt;/em&gt;, как бы этот закон не привел к увлечению бюджетных мест.&quot; - &quot;The government is thinking that this law can lead to the undesired increase of subsidized enrollment&quot;. This new phrase is pretty close in meaning to the original one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Правительство &lt;em&gt;думает&lt;/em&gt;, как бы этот закон привел к увлечению бюджетных мест.&quot; - &quot;The government is thinking how to make this law to increase the subsidized enrollment&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You see, now dropping the &quot;не&quot; completely changed the meaning!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And more examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как бы так&quot; - &quot;That's the way it is&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как бы не так&quot; - &quot;No way!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2017-12-06T01:01:20.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15343" CreationDate="2017-12-06T05:10:30.383" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The presence of the particle &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt; suggests it is the conditional mood. This mood has several meanings, and since here there is no actual condition (like &lt;em&gt;if&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;when&lt;/em&gt;), it has &lt;strong&gt;desiderative&lt;/strong&gt; meaning, that is it expresses our desire, what we &lt;em&gt;wish&lt;/em&gt;. Keeping this in mind, it becomes much more clear why &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; is used in such constructions: the word &lt;em&gt;wish&lt;/em&gt; is implied but not expressed openly, other verbs are used instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in &lt;em&gt;Я боюсь, как бы он не забыл зайти в аптеку&lt;/em&gt;, the verb &lt;em&gt;боюсь&lt;/em&gt; does not mean actual fear or awe, but it is the hope that he will &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; forget to visit the drug store. That is, the implied meaning of this sentence is actually &lt;em&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;надеюсь&lt;/strong&gt;, что &lt;strong&gt;он не забудет&lt;/strong&gt; зайти в аптеку.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, in such sentences the second part expresses the desirable state of things in which the unwanted situation does &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; occur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2017-12-07T02:34:55.403" LastActivityDate="2017-12-07T02:34:55.403" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15347" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15348" CreationDate="2017-12-06T13:21:12.490" Score="4" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/7261/when-is-the-letter-o-pronounced-as-a&quot;&gt;I've been told&lt;/a&gt; that &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced as &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;  when it's not stressed, however  the word &lt;strong&gt;лаборато́рия&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;is actually pronounced&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;strong&gt;лабо́рато́рия&lt;/strong&gt; , why is that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="9603" LastEditDate="2017-12-06T13:34:28.097" LastActivityDate="2017-12-07T02:39:16.517" Title="Pronunciation of лаборатория" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15347" CreationDate="2017-12-06T13:49:20.880" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not really, it's indeed to be, and is, pronounced &lt;code&gt;лАбАрАтОрия&lt;/code&gt; or in the Moscow pronunciation as can be heard in some of the clips &lt;code&gt;лАбрАтОрия&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2017-12-07T02:39:16.517" LastActivityDate="2017-12-07T02:39:16.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15347" CreationDate="2017-12-06T14:19:42.470" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;лаборатория&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F#Pronunciation&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;is pronounced&lt;/a&gt; as [ləbərɐˈtorʲɪjə] and it has only one stressed vowel sound. The effect you hear is due to the fact that the [ə] of the first letter 'O' really sounds more like [o] than like [a] because [ə] is not as open a sound as [a].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2017-12-06T14:19:42.470" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15350" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-06T17:46:34.820" Score="4" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English we have many ways to respond to a question or statement.  What are some informal ways to do this in Russian other than да or нет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&#xA;“Yep”, “Nope”&#xA;“Yea”, “Nah”&#xA;“Yay”, “Nay” (old English)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5224" LastEditorUserId="5224" LastEditDate="2017-12-14T16:57:08.210" LastActivityDate="2017-12-14T16:57:08.210" Title="Informal Acknowledgments" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15350" CreationDate="2017-12-06T18:51:41.430" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Да&quot; can be replaced with &quot;Ага&quot; or &quot;Угу&quot;, or sometimes &quot;Так&quot;, or, when the question is about presence or existence of something, or the conversation is military-style - &quot;Есть!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Нет&quot; can be shortened to &quot;Не&quot;, or, when the question is about presence or existence of something - &quot;Нету&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2017-12-06T18:51:41.430" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15350" CreationDate="2017-12-06T19:29:11.720" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wishing to say &lt;code&gt;Да&lt;/code&gt; sarcastically to mean &lt;code&gt;in fact no&lt;/code&gt; when responding to a question or implicitly disagreeing with a statement one can pronounce it as &lt;code&gt;До-о-о&lt;/code&gt;. With inquiring intonation &lt;code&gt;До-о-о?&lt;/code&gt; means emphasized disbelief or fake amazement &lt;code&gt;oh really?&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;no shit&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A playful or encouraging way to say &lt;code&gt;Нет&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;Неа&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just like in Ebonics &lt;code&gt;нет&lt;/code&gt; can be expressed with interjection &lt;a href=&quot;https://ssl.gstatic.com/dictionary/static/sounds/20160317/uh_uh--1_gb_1.mp3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;uh uh&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; which is reminiscent of &lt;code&gt;Неа&lt;/code&gt;. Sadly Russian doesn't have a phonetic representation for it and i don't think it's formally or widely recognized as a valid semantic unit despite being in active use. I guess until it's put into writing it doesn't exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-06T21:48:46.127" LastActivityDate="2017-12-06T21:48:46.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7740" CreationDate="2017-12-06T19:43:57.837" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Опять под дождь попал, бедолага? (to kid or animal or younger friend that had been unlucky to walk under rain)&#xA;Этот бедолага пережил шторм, но остался без груза и команды. (about ship that survives a storm)&#xA;Без семьи, без дома, без надежды на светлое будущее. Экий он всё же бедолгага. (sad story of a man that lost his famyly, his house and all hopes.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бедолага - тот, кто претерпел от жизни многие беды, тот, кто был сломлен судьбой и пережил множество БЕД.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бедняга - близок по значению к бедолаге, но воспринимается мягче.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бедолага вызывает больше жалости.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бедняк - просто бедный, нищий человек, не обязательно упавший духом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бедолагу отличает именно плачевное состояние его духа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бедолага склонен к отчаянию или глубокой депрессии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тогда как бедняк может быть весел, будучи жизнелюбивым, но не способным или не желающим прикладывать усилия для улучшения своего материального положения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бедолага - часто жертва обстоятельств (СИЛА ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бедняга - чаще страдает от собственных неудачных НАЧИНАНИЙ (НЕУДАЧНАЯ ИНИЦИАТИВА).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бедняк - страдает от собственного НЕДЕЯНИЯ (НЕСПОСОБНОСТЬ или НЕЖЕЛАНИЕ ДЕЙСТВОВАТЬ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9931" LastActivityDate="2017-12-06T19:43:57.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15350" CreationDate="2017-12-06T21:21:35.473" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Means &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Yes&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;:&#xA;Да. Ага. Угу. Аха. Так. Окей. Хорошо. Отлично. Так и быть. Согласен. Конечно! Бесспорно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Means &quot;&lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;:&#xA;Нет. Не. Неа. Нетушки. Не пойдёт. Не согласен. Против. Ни за что. &quot;Ага, конечно!&quot; &quot;Не дождётесь!&quot; &quot;Дудки!&quot; Забудь об этом! Нёу. Отнюдь! Увы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9931" LastActivityDate="2017-12-06T21:21:35.473" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15350" CreationDate="2017-12-06T22:32:00.720" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;OT. In Russian, да AND нет can even complement each other. &quot;Да, нет.&quot; - is an absolutely correct, complete sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8614" LastActivityDate="2017-12-06T22:32:00.720" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15356" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-07T00:34:26.277" Score="8" ViewCount="1110" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia claims that the expression И рыбку съесть, и в воду не лезть is equivalent to &quot;having your cake and eating it too&quot;, literally translated to wanting to eat a fish without first catching it from the waters. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It references a footnote however, that says that: this is a euphemism for a common vulgar expression и рыбку съесть, и на хуй сесть first used by Alexander Pushkin in a private letter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am wondering if it is then ok to use И рыбку съесть, и в воду не лезть, or will it be offensive? Note that the context is rather formal, but I would like to include this phrase in Russian (the rest of the work is in English). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9976" LastActivityDate="2017-12-20T21:28:26.727" Title="Have your cake and eat it too - Equivalent Expression in Russian" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;slang&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;&lt;formality&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15356" CreationDate="2017-12-07T07:43:55.287" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Take your pick:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Убить одним выстрелом двух зайцев (Kill two rabbits with one shot) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(Дать) и вашим, и нашим (Please one's friends and enemies) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сидеть на двух стульях (Sit on two chairs)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Объять необъятное (Embrace the unembraceable)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last two are normally used in the negative sense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На двух стульях не усидишь (You can't sit on two chairs)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нельзя объять необъятное (You can't embrace the unembraceable)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The one you quoted:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;И рыбку съесть, и в воду не лезть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is a classic proverb. There is nothing inherently offensive about it. It would make a nice epigraph.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="10000" LastEditDate="2017-12-18T11:59:59.280" LastActivityDate="2017-12-18T11:59:59.280" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15343" CreationDate="2017-12-07T14:51:54.043" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The sense of the expression. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the sentence in question is a clearly &lt;strong&gt;pessimistic transformation&lt;/strong&gt; of this optimistic one (where &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; directly negates the verb): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Надеюсь, он &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; забудет&lt;/em&gt; зайти в аптеку. (I hope he won't forget to&#xA;  visit the drugstore.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original version expresses &lt;strong&gt;uncertainty&lt;/strong&gt; based on some possibility of things going wrong:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Боюсь, &lt;strong&gt;как бы&lt;/strong&gt; он &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; забыл зайти в аптеку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'm afraid he might forget to visit the drugstore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'm afraid that maybe he'll have forgotten to visit the drugstore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Form of the expression and how negation &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; works in Russian version.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typical English translation doesn't use direct negation, present in the Russian expression. But what is the negation &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; aimed at? Despite its position right before the verb, it &lt;strong&gt;does not directly negate&lt;/strong&gt; its meaning but refers to &lt;em&gt;unwanted&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;unexpected&lt;/em&gt; - in similar cases of doubtful speculation) &lt;em&gt;possibility&lt;/em&gt; of its action. It seems possible to give a &lt;em&gt;close-in-sense&lt;/em&gt; isolated expression where &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; negates the action of an &lt;em&gt;additional&lt;/em&gt; verb, while the existing verb stays &lt;strong&gt;in the affirmative&lt;/strong&gt; (considering &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; originally didn't directly negate it):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;как бы... &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;... ~ (мне) &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; хотелось бы, чтобы...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It works here independently of the emphasizing addition &lt;strong&gt;Я боюсь&lt;/strong&gt; (I'm afraid):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Я боюсь вот чего:) &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;хотелось бы, чтобы&lt;/em&gt; он забыл зайти в аптеку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correspondingly, an English version of the above can be given with a similar direct negation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(I'm afraid,) &lt;em&gt;I would &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; want him to somehow&lt;/em&gt; forget to visit the&#xA;  drugstore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-12-07T14:51:54.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15356" CreationDate="2017-12-07T18:57:53.583" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I understod right, the opposite for &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Have your cake and eat it too&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Сапожник без сапог&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. It illustrates a situation, when man have a some talent or skill and does not use it for his own profit. The same: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Зарывать таланты в землю&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - do not use your own talents\skills\resources.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;May be this sentence will be close to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Have your cake and eat it too&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;На Бога надейся, да и сам не плошай&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - have a trust in a help from God in your business, but make your own work at 100%, only then you will succeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9931" LastActivityDate="2017-12-07T18:57:53.583" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15356" CreationDate="2017-12-07T19:48:22.400" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;нельзя быть немножко беременной&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;нельзя быть наполовину беременной&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (выбор между двумя противоположными альтернативами. Попытка выбрать что-то промежуточное или невозможна, или приведёт к одной из них.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bit rude expressions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;и невинность соблюсти, и дитя приобрести&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;и честь соблюсти, и капитал приобрести&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2017-12-07T19:54:57.520" LastActivityDate="2017-12-07T19:54:57.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13909" CreationDate="2017-12-08T05:35:38.750" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both sides lying to each other, knowing it, yet keep lying with straight faces? The word for that is &quot;дипломатия&quot; (diplomacy).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also an idiomatic expression &quot;врёт и не краснеет&quot; (&quot;to tell a lie without blushing&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2017-12-08T05:35:38.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15340" CreationDate="2017-12-08T05:55:31.763" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я программист, думаю некие мои мысли будут полезны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обычно, в названии языка программирования нет специальных знаков, кроме латинских букв, поэтому пишут и произносят через дефис.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;PHP-программист&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ruby-программист&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Часто говорят &lt;em&gt;разработчик&lt;/em&gt; вместо &lt;em&gt;программист&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9979" LastActivityDate="2017-12-08T05:55:31.763" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15363" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15364" CreationDate="2017-12-08T18:56:04.207" Score="3" ViewCount="221" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just finished reading an article entitled &quot;Олигархократия&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://vz.ru/opinions/2014/5/27/688692.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://vz.ru/opinions/2014/5/27/688692.html&lt;/a&gt;) The author quips that governments are formed quite simply: «кто палку взял – тот и капрал» или, по выражению автора XVII в. Ивана Тимофеева, &lt;strong&gt;«не сущий царь, а чрез подобство наскакающий на царство»&lt;/strong&gt;. I understand the meaning of the second quote primarily from the quote preceding it; however, I am unable to find a translation of the word &lt;strong&gt;подобство&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6722" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-12-09T18:16:17.093" LastActivityDate="2017-12-14T15:10:54.300" Title="Meaning of word &quot;подобство&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15363" CreationDate="2017-12-08T20:07:16.800" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;On page 442 of the Complete dictionary of Church Slavonic by Gregory Dyachenko or &lt;a href=&quot;https://azbyka.ru/spravochniki/slovar.php?page=260&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;HERE&lt;/a&gt; it's read &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GpDju.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/GpDju.png&quot; alt=&quot;подобство&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the monograph of K. Reznikov &quot;Myths and facts of Russian history&quot; the phrase is given &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.e-reading.club/chapter.php/1022722/6/Reznikov_-_Mify_i_fakty_russkoy_istorii._Ot_liholetya_Cmuty_do_imperii_Petra.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;in the following context&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Главный идеолог тех времен, Тимофеев, различает царей «истиньишихъ и&#xA;  природныхъ» и &lt;strong&gt;царей по внешнему подобию — «чрезъ подобство&#xA;  наскакающихъ на царство»&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus10/Timofeev/framepred.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In the introduction&lt;/a&gt; to a modern publication of Ivan Timofeev's work the phrase is quoted in the following context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тимофеев считает истинными царями Грозного и Федора Ивановича — царей&#xA;  наследственных и венчанных на царство, и Михаила Федоровича Романова —&#xA;  царя, избранного всей землей. Иное дело, по Тимофееву, Борис Годунов, самозванец. Шуйский — &quot;не истинные&quot; цари. Они получили престол не по наследству и не по избранию всей земли, а по своей воле. &lt;strong&gt;Это — люди, &quot;через подобство наскакающие на царство&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the phrase may be understood in such a way that a person (the impostor/usurper) isn't a genuine king (anointed/chosen) and only due to semblance (to one) seizes kingdom/throne. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally would only be able to infer this meaning, it's not immediately apparent to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus10/Timofeev/frametext1.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In the actual body of Ivan Timofeev's work&lt;/a&gt; translated into modern Russian this phrase seems to have been rendered as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;а о других и о тех, &lt;strong&gt;которые без благословения и незаконно наскакивали&#xA;  на царство&lt;/strong&gt;, ясно, что для них будет отдельный от благих суд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the light of this rendering which uses the word &lt;code&gt;незаконно&lt;/code&gt;, i might venture to &lt;strong&gt;speculate&lt;/strong&gt; that the word &lt;code&gt;подобство&lt;/code&gt; may in fact mean &lt;code&gt;a crime&lt;/code&gt; or an &lt;code&gt;immoral act&lt;/code&gt;, because in Ukrainian there's a word &lt;code&gt;нэподобство&lt;/code&gt; meaning &lt;code&gt;indecency&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;disgrace&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;reproachable behavior&lt;/code&gt;. Sure enough it has a negating prefix, but it may have lacked it originally, is spelled erroneously in the Timofeev's manuscript, or the two words are synonyms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This explanation, counterintuitive though it is considering the word's root having nothing to do with impropriety, seems possible due to the presence of the preposition &lt;code&gt;через&lt;/code&gt; which means &lt;code&gt;through&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;because of&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;owing to&lt;/code&gt;. To usurp a throne &lt;code&gt;owing to semblance [to a king]&lt;/code&gt; sounds odder than &lt;code&gt;owing to a crime&lt;/code&gt;, which is how it usually historically occurred and continues to occur nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(BTW the linked article is terrible if i may add)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-10T08:01:16.120" LastActivityDate="2017-12-10T08:01:16.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15363" CreationDate="2017-12-08T20:07:57.370" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подобство is an old Russian word originating from the 11-13th centuries meaning подобие, сходство (similarity, likeness, resemblance). Сущий means настоящий (real, genuine). He is not a real ruler but only looks like one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="9128" LastEditDate="2017-12-14T15:10:54.300" LastActivityDate="2017-12-14T15:10:54.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15366" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15367" CreationDate="2017-12-08T21:52:55.940" Score="3" ViewCount="251" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the right way to pronounce &lt;strong&gt;объясняет&lt;/strong&gt;? My guess would be something like '&lt;strong&gt;обшсняет&lt;/strong&gt;' (I'm having a hard time with the hard sign). This is word is somewhat similar to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Eichhörnchen&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; by the way, it's actually real subtle. I'd appreciate an English word with an equivalent sound as an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T11:54:07.477" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T11:54:07.477" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;объясняет&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;vowel-reduction&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15366" CreationDate="2017-12-08T22:12:14.280" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd suggest to divide it into two separate parts, the prefix &lt;code&gt;об-&lt;/code&gt; pronounced as &lt;code&gt;аб-&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;-яснЯет&lt;/code&gt; pronounced as &lt;code&gt;йисьнЯит&lt;/code&gt;. Try to pronounce them separately, then combine the two parts back together - &lt;code&gt;aбйисьнЯит&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt; you hear because of the sound &lt;code&gt;j&lt;/code&gt; subtly present in the phoneme &lt;code&gt;й&lt;/code&gt;, but it's by far not as voiced as in the German &lt;code&gt;-ig&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I unfortunately can't think of any similar sounding word in English. Well, may be &lt;code&gt;object&lt;/code&gt;, and only because in Russian it is also spelled with the &quot;hard sign&quot; following the combination &lt;code&gt;об&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;объЕкт&lt;/code&gt; (pronounced &lt;code&gt;абйЕкт&lt;/code&gt;), only that in this word it's not a prefix (at least not of Russian origin).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-10T21:52:17.377" LastActivityDate="2017-12-10T21:52:17.377" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15366" CreationDate="2017-12-08T23:18:07.743" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ub-yis-NIA-it&lt;/strong&gt; (with NIA stressed)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ub&lt;/strong&gt; as in pub &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;yis&lt;/strong&gt; as in yeast &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NIA&lt;/strong&gt; has &lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt; vowel sound (not a diphthong): a soft N followed by A&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;it&lt;/strong&gt; as in it :)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can think of the Ъ as the &lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt; sound in &lt;strong&gt;yes&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;yeast&lt;/strong&gt;. Same goes for Ь in front of a vowel: бульон, пасьянс.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You might like this website: &lt;a href=&quot;http://russiangram.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://russiangram.com&lt;/a&gt; It transcribes Russian words using English spelling rules. It doesn't do vowel reduction yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-12-08T23:18:07.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15369" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-11T21:29:40.600" Score="3" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would you translate this sentence: &quot;Nikita Sergeyevich Mikhalkov the director of Burnt by the Sun&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought it would be:&#xA; &quot; &amp;lt;&amp;lt;Утомленные солнцем&gt;&gt; директора - Никита Сергеевич Михалов &quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is it:&#xA; &quot;Директор  &amp;lt;&amp;lt;Утомленных солнц&gt;&gt; - Никита Сергеевич Михалов &quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Большое спасибо!!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9762" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2017-12-14T15:11:49.313" LastActivityDate="2017-12-15T13:29:04.817" Title="Need help with declarative sentence" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15370" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15369" CreationDate="2017-12-11T22:04:56.040" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's the second one, well, almost&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Режиссёр фильма &quot;Утомлённые солнцем&quot; Никита Сергеевич Михалков&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The version with dash necessitates the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to be&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in the English sentence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nikita Sergeyevich Mikhalkov &lt;strong&gt;IS&lt;/strong&gt; the director of &quot;Burnt by the Sun&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for it to be the first one however (with correct declension of the name as &lt;code&gt;Никиты Сергеевича Михалкова&lt;/code&gt;) the English sentence must look like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Burnt by the Sun&quot; by the director Nikita Sergeyevich Mikhalkov&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-12T09:35:22.583" LastActivityDate="2017-12-12T09:35:22.583" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15356" CreationDate="2017-12-13T01:49:57.283" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;И волки сыты, и овцы целы.&quot; (The wolves are fed and the sheep are safe.) Often used as a metaphor of two mutually exclusive goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-12-20T21:28:26.727" LastActivityDate="2017-12-20T21:28:26.727" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15233" CreationDate="2017-12-13T17:31:10.797" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Час&quot; is one of several masculine nouns that retained the old &quot;dual number&quot; pronunciation. Stress shifts from &quot;ча́са&quot; to &quot;часа́&quot; when the word is used in combination with 2, 3, 4, and compound numbers that require declension of 2, 3, and 4 (e.g. 23, 3002, and so on).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in situations when stress shifts to the last syllable the unstressed &quot;а&quot; is pronounced as [i], for example &quot;два часа&quot; is pronounced as [dvɑ ʧisɑ], not as [dvɑ ʧɑsɑ].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="426" LastEditorUserId="426" LastEditDate="2017-12-19T14:40:10.780" LastActivityDate="2017-12-19T14:40:10.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15374" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15376" CreationDate="2017-12-14T06:44:52.717" Score="4" ViewCount="242" Body="&lt;p&gt;In A.A. Istomin's article &lt;em&gt;Проблема участия Антипатра Баранова в экспедиции на «Иль­мене» у калифорнийских берегов в 1814-1815 гг.&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;О том, что Волков - &quot;креол&quot;, к тому же плохо знающий русский язык (&quot;малое сведение его в рос­сийском языке&quot;), сообщает Л.А.Гагемейстер, непосредственно раз­говаривавший с ним во время визита в Сан-Франциско в 1817г.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that Gagemeister criticized Volkov's language skills, but was the implication that Volkov was still learning Russian, that he never spoke Russian, that he was out of practice in Russian, that he spoke a low register of Russian, or what?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-12-14T09:45:30.033" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T18:02:01.887" Title="&quot;малое сведение его в рос­сийском языке&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15374" CreationDate="2017-12-14T07:45:38.893" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can read what is &quot;Creole&quot; or &quot;креол&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creole_peoples&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. In 19th century people who had both Alaska and Russian roots were called Creole people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So probably Volkov could speak Russian because one of his parents was Russian. But his language was not truly correct or full. This is my understanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He was not learning Russian. May be he spoke Russian better in his childhood and forgot the language in the time which the author describes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5510" LastActivityDate="2017-12-14T07:45:38.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15374" CreationDate="2017-12-14T08:55:07.617" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only information which was said to us is that Volkov had bad skills in the Russian. &quot;&lt;em&gt;Сведение&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is a synonym for &quot;&lt;em&gt;знание&lt;/em&gt;&quot; here. There is no other implication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2017-12-14T08:55:07.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15374" CreationDate="2017-12-14T11:28:06.660" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The passage may be translated as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;whose mastery of Russian was poor/who spoke Russian poorly (spoke little Russian)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's about as detailed as it gets, explanation of reasons for his poor Russian lies beyond the scope of the statement and probably needs to be sought elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-14T18:29:00.680" LastActivityDate="2017-12-14T18:29:00.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15374" CreationDate="2017-12-14T12:18:43.210" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The quote from Istomin's article is in &lt;em&gt;proper/modern&lt;/em&gt; Russian, except for the smaller quote from &lt;strong&gt;Гагемейстер&lt;/strong&gt; in brackets (&quot;&lt;em&gt;малое сведение его в рос­сийском языке&lt;/em&gt;&quot; ~ his poor knowledge of Russian) which needed a previous explanation in modern Russian: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;к тому же плохо знающий русский язык&lt;/em&gt; =~ who was not a good Russian&#xA;  speaker at that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-12-14T12:18:43.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9151" CreationDate="2017-12-15T09:36:14.563" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Everything below is on a very weak, nuanced level. Don't treat that as a strong rule.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;по-X&quot; often means &quot;X-like&quot; or &quot;like-X do&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;читаю по-японски&quot;, &quot;понимаю по-японски&quot; imply some &lt;em&gt;action&lt;/em&gt; on your part to perform. You're doing something that Japanese do. You're &lt;em&gt;acting&lt;/em&gt; like Japanese do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я слушаю по-японски&quot; in its simplest meaning is more &lt;em&gt;passive&lt;/em&gt;. &quot;Слушаю&quot; does not 100% imply &quot;понимаю&quot;. It's perfectly fine to say &quot;Слушаю, но ничего не понимаю.&quot;. So, you're not &lt;em&gt;doing&lt;/em&gt; anything specifically Japanese. Anyone can listen to Japanese [language|music].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, if there was some particular way, the Japanese are perceived to do the listening, you could use &quot;слушаю по-японски&quot;. That would relate your action to the Japanese culture, but not to the Japanese language per se.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example&lt;/strong&gt;:&#xA;&quot;Я слушаю по-японски - внимательно и не перебивая.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2017-12-15T09:36:14.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15188" CreationDate="2017-12-15T10:03:37.207" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;it sounds like the 'winter games' are calling something the 'white Olympics'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, it sounds like this until you read the next part and see that the case does not match. Then you go back and re-parse.&#xA;Also, &quot;Olympic games&quot; are inanimate, so you should have suspected something is wrong as soon as you read &quot;называют&quot;, which implies animate subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;why not use себя, or a reflexive verb&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These variants can be valid, but they're stronger. They imply the name is the true name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;olympic games held in winter are called &quot;White Olympics&quot;&lt;/em&gt; - a true name for the games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but you cannot say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Winter Olympics&quot; are called &quot;White Olympics&quot;&lt;/em&gt; - name redefinition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not consider &quot;White Olympics&quot; the &quot;true name&quot; (I've never heard them called that), so I won't use the reflexive verb here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I know that at least some people call &quot;Winter Olympics&quot; the &quot;White Olympics&quot;, so I'd write &quot;Зимние Игры &lt;em&gt;иногда&lt;/em&gt; называют Белой Олимпиадой&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;dative case&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure I understand this proposal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Updates&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most cases the specific action &quot;называть&quot; needs to be performed by someone [alive]. How can a stone or a game call something something? There are very similar verbs that do not need an animated subject: &quot;Игры вызывают радость.&quot; (Games bring the joy.) Bringing the joy is something that a subject can perform even being inanimate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;inanimate objects can always do things, if only in a make believe story&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's true. &quot;Труба зовёт в бой&quot; (&quot;Trumpet/bugle calls to battle&quot;) is perfectly fine. Each ambiguity has some more common and less common parsing. If you want to use the less common meaning you need to &quot;justify&quot; it by adding details that highlight your logic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Video games &lt;em&gt;take&lt;/em&gt; all your time.&quot; - I get it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Olympic games &lt;em&gt;steal&lt;/em&gt; all attention&quot; - I get it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Olympic Games &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt; the White Games&quot; - sort of grammatically correct, but what exactly does that mean?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Olympic Games &lt;em&gt;define&lt;/em&gt; White Games as sport games that are played on a white field.&quot; or &quot;Olympic Games &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt; White Games the best sport.&quot; - grammatically correct, but what exactly do you mean by &quot;Olympic Games &lt;em&gt;define&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;Olympic Games &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt;&quot;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The incompatibility between inanimate subject and &quot;называют&quot; does not extend to the reflexive form &quot;называются&quot;. It seems to me that the &quot;Inanimate Subject + Reflexive Verb&quot; expressions are most often understood as passive. The specific reflexive form &quot;называются&quot; is now biased towards passive connotations even when the subject is animate. &quot;Называют себя&quot; ~= &quot;call themselves&quot;, but &quot;называются&quot; ~= &quot;are called&quot; (even though these were the same words in the beginning.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Parsing:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Игры&quot; =&gt; Inanimate (Nominative Subject OR Accusative Object);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;называют&quot; =&gt; commonly needs animate subject =&gt; &quot;Inanimate_Subject&quot; parsing of &quot;игры&quot; is unlikely, the likely parsing is &quot;Inanimate_Object in an indefinite-personal sentence&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;белой олимпиадой&quot; =&gt; not Genitive case (not &quot;Subject calls object .&quot;) =&gt; Likely parsing is &quot;Object is called name&quot;, but still not 100% sure - it could still be &quot;Subject defines  as description.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;End of sentence =&gt; &quot;Subject defines name as description.&quot; parsing is broken. This leaves the &quot;Object is called name&quot; variant.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastEditorUserId="3502" LastEditDate="2017-12-16T01:36:40.150" LastActivityDate="2017-12-16T01:36:40.150" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15382" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15383" CreationDate="2017-12-15T12:11:58.763" Score="3" ViewCount="295" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm reading one of the russian folktales but I don't know what Krutchina means. It's written &quot;Krutchina (sorrow)&quot;. Is it a surname with a meaning 'sorrow'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9995" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2017-12-15T14:15:18.367" LastActivityDate="2017-12-15T14:15:18.367" Title="what does krutchina mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15382" CreationDate="2017-12-15T12:31:21.970" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Кручина не имя и не фамилия. Кручина - это имя существительное, используемое в русском фольклоре, со значением &quot;грусть, тоска, печаль&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Кручина&quot; is not a name and not a surname. &quot;Кручина&quot; is a noun that is used in Russian folklore, meaning &quot;sorrow&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://xn----8sbauh0beb7ai9bh.xn--p1ai/%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://xn----8sbauh0beb7ai9bh.xn--p1ai/%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2017-12-15T12:47:02.313" LastActivityDate="2017-12-15T12:47:02.313" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15374" CreationDate="2017-12-15T12:46:20.800" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;José Antonio Bolcoff (1794–1866) was born Osip Volkov in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Siberia. Working for the Russian-American Company, Bolcoff was captured on shore by the Spanish in 1815. He quickly assimilated into the Spanish culture, and was given the name José Antonio Bolcof. Bolcoff traveled with Governor Pablo Vicente de Solá, acting as an interpreter. In 1822, Bolcoff settled in Branciforte and married María Candida Castro, grantee of Rancho Refugio. Bolcoff was alcade of Branciforte in 1833. In 1833, Bolcoff was granted the one square league Rancho San Augustin, and moved his family to the rancho and built an adobe. In 1839, Bolcoff replaced Francisco Soto as administrator of Mission Santa Cruz.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rancho_San_Agustin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rancho_San_Agustin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bolcoff's biography snippets I managed to find do not clarify his poor comand of Russian. One possibility is that, having not been sufficiently literate in the first place, he stopped using Russian fairly early in life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a direct quotation I came across:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Переводчик наш Осип Волков живет у его в доме и, как видно, пользуется отличною доверенностию. Я спросил его, чем приличнее услужить губернатору в будущее время? И он сказал, что-нибудь из вещей интересных и что возмет даже и звонкою монетою. Будучи в С.-Барбаре, я вызывался ему, что в Монтерее без его повысили пошлины и в С.-Круз взыскали и за деньги. «Да, – отвечал он, – это так должно!», и после сего отзыва я замолчал.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/Dokumenty/Reisen/XIX/1800-1820/Issl_russ_tich_ok_XIX/41-60/50.phtml?id=4142&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/Dokumenty/Reisen/XIX/1800-1820/Issl_russ_tich_ok_XIX/41-60/50.phtml?id=4142&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reference &quot;креол&quot; may be misleading. Here is how Брокгауз и Ефрон define it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Креол&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(от испанского criollo) — в обширном смысле слова каждый родившийся в стране индивидуум чужой расы. Поэтому в американских колониях родившиеся там негры не смешанной крови, в противоположность привезенным, называются К. (в Бразилии — Negro de nacao). В тесном смысле К. называются в прежних французских, испанских и португальских колониях Америки, а также Африки (Гвинея) и Остиндии, местные уроженцы чисто европейской крови (sangre azul), в противоположность родившимся в Европе эмигрантам, которые в бывшей испанской Америке называются чапетонами, в Мехике обыкновенно — гачупинами, в Бразилии — Portuguezes legitimos или Filhos do reino. В Бразилии белые местные уроженцы прозвали себя Brasileiros. Ср. Oelsner-Monomerque, &quot;Der Kreole&quot; (Б., 1848).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorUserId="4629" LastEditDate="2018-02-27T18:02:01.887" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T18:02:01.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15382" CreationDate="2017-12-15T13:04:13.967" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Кручина may well be a surname (e.g., &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0,&lt;em&gt;%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80&lt;/em&gt;%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&lt;/a&gt;), albeit in a folktale it most likely means &quot;sorrow&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bit of context could help...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2017-12-15T13:04:13.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15369" CreationDate="2017-12-15T13:29:04.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depending of the surrounding context (if any) it should be either&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Режиссёр фильма &quot;Утомлённые солнцем&quot; Никита Сергеевич Михалков.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Никита Сергеевич Михалков, режиссёр фильма &quot;Утомлённые солнцем&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2017-12-15T13:29:04.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15388" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15389" CreationDate="2017-12-17T16:18:26.987" Score="8" ViewCount="995" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English it is rare to use the noun &quot;language&quot; when describing them.  It is most common to name the language as such:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Engl &lt;strong&gt;-ish&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Span &lt;strong&gt;-ish&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;French&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Russi &lt;strong&gt;-an&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Germ &lt;strong&gt;-an&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it acceptable/common/comfortable to name these without the trailing word &quot;язык?&quot;&#xA;I.e. Английский without &quot;язык&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5224" LastEditorUserId="5224" LastEditDate="2017-12-17T18:36:12.227" LastActivityDate="2017-12-18T11:45:10.330" Title="Describe a Language Without the Noun for &quot;Language&quot;" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;other-languages&gt;&lt;суффиксы&gt;&lt;приветствия&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15388" CreationDate="2017-12-17T16:47:10.307" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is quite common in conversational speech:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он знает английский. = He knows English.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Она предпочитает русский. = She prefers Russian.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that language names or nationalities are not capitalised in Russian. Neither are months or days or the week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-12-18T11:45:10.330" LastActivityDate="2017-12-18T11:45:10.330" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15391" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15394" CreationDate="2017-12-17T20:47:07.367" Score="3" ViewCount="478" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first paragraph is from the website &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Learnrussian.rt&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and says that the prefix &lt;strong&gt;&quot;по&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;  with a multidirectional verb still gives an &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;imperfective&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, whereas the second paragraph from the textbook &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Schaum's Outlines of Russian Grammar&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; says it makes the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which of them is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Also, does &quot;по&quot;, if added, exclude the multidirectional verb of motion from this group?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/C7yNc.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/C7yNc.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9620" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-21T11:40:59.873" LastActivityDate="2017-12-28T21:00:25.870" Title="Aspects of motion verbs with prefix &quot;по-&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;приставка-по&gt;&lt;prefix-по&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15391" CreationDate="2017-12-17T21:04:50.267" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The explanation under the table is correct, while the explanation of the paragraph 2 of the table is erroneous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Bgshp.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Bgshp.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;A copy of an answer from the comments:&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;the verb &lt;code&gt;ходить&lt;/code&gt; may also be understood as an ordinary verb if it implies motion in a certain direction and then its perfective aspect is &lt;code&gt;сходить&lt;/code&gt;, like in phrases &lt;code&gt;я (с)ходил в кино/на концерт&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;он (с)ходил к врачу&lt;/code&gt;, the context or the preposition of the direct object tells you about the connotation of the verb, but multidirectional ones remain so regardless of the prefix, one cannot turn a phrase &lt;code&gt;я ходил ПО квартире&lt;/code&gt; into perfective by saying &lt;code&gt;я СХОДИЛ по квартире&lt;/code&gt;, only &lt;code&gt;ПОходил&lt;/code&gt; because of the preposition &lt;code&gt;ПО (квартире)&lt;/code&gt;, but the perfective version of the phrase &lt;code&gt;я ходил НА квартиру&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;я СХОДИЛ на квартиру&lt;/code&gt; if it's a one-off action, if however it means paying multiple visits to an apartment during some time the perfective phrase will be &lt;code&gt;я ПОХОДИЛ на квартиру&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;A more detailed explanation of differences between perfective verbs with prefixes &lt;code&gt;по-&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;с-&lt;/code&gt; can be found &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/13063/difference-between-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C-and-%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;HERE&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-21T14:01:42.380" LastActivityDate="2017-12-21T14:01:42.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2877" CreationDate="2017-12-17T21:38:39.347" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A linguist might answer this better. I hope, I got this right. I am answering from pure language feeling, as a native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I cannot help but observe myself is that those &quot;adjectively&quot; looking nouns originate from describing the situations, where the noun is partially lost already, but can be reconstructed in the hindsight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;улица Подвальная (in older cities): modern speaker might understand this as &quot;cellar street&quot;, but it's actually &lt;code&gt;под вальная&lt;/code&gt;, it was a street following the city walls.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ванная vs. ванная комната&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;столовая – same issue&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;набережная — similar to подвальная, &lt;code&gt;на берегу&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;парадная (oh hello St. Petersburg, old friend), &lt;code&gt;парадная лестница&lt;/code&gt;, as mentioned above.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ellipsis is quite strong in Russian, why say the original noun if it's clear anyway?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2017-12-17T21:38:39.347" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15391" CreationDate="2017-12-18T08:37:43.057" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neither paragraph in the &lt;em&gt;first&lt;/em&gt; source says that the prefix &lt;strong&gt;по-&lt;/strong&gt; MAKES a &lt;em&gt;verb&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;imperfective&lt;/em&gt; (imperfective &lt;em&gt;aspect&lt;/em&gt; there seems to just refer to continuous action - for a while, etc.). Also, unlike the &lt;em&gt;second&lt;/em&gt; source, it does not introduce the idea of 'multidirectional verb' allegedly turned into perfective by &lt;strong&gt;по-&lt;/strong&gt;, which is &lt;em&gt;not true&lt;/em&gt; (at least, it doesn't happen all the time), e. g. compare &lt;strong&gt;походить&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt; verb) and &lt;strong&gt;похаживать&lt;/strong&gt;  (&lt;em&gt;imperfective&lt;/em&gt; verb). So, the &lt;em&gt;second&lt;/em&gt; source should have been more careful in conclusions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2017-12-18T09:11:30.050" LastActivityDate="2017-12-18T09:11:30.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15395" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15396" CreationDate="2017-12-19T03:15:55.050" Score="3" ViewCount="394" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &lt;strong&gt;дай мне&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;дайте мне&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2017-12-19T10:34:26.580" LastActivityDate="2017-12-19T10:34:26.580" Title="&quot;Дай мне&quot; vs &quot;дайте мне&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;imperative&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15395" CreationDate="2017-12-19T04:44:14.980" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first imperative can be used when addressing a single person whom you usually call &lt;strong&gt;ты&lt;/strong&gt; (a child or somebody close enough to you). The second version is applicable to somebody you call &lt;strong&gt;вы&lt;/strong&gt; (in most such cases you also add &lt;strong&gt;пожалуйста&lt;/strong&gt; for politeness, '&lt;em&gt;please&lt;/em&gt;') or to multiple listeners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2017-12-19T04:50:46.980" LastActivityDate="2017-12-19T04:50:46.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15397" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15399" CreationDate="2017-12-19T06:34:06.740" Score="4" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне встретилась фраза &lt;em&gt;&quot;Рояль должен быть исчезнут&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, и мне стало интересно как правильно классифицировать в ней глагол &lt;em&gt;&quot;исчезнуть&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если бы измененное значение глагола было распространенным - это был бы неологизм образованный семантической деривацией, но это всего лишь авторская придумка. Но как окказионализм его тоже классифицировать не получается, потому что доступные мне источники описывают окказионализм исключительно как новое слово построенное по правилам словообразования, а новый смысл существующего слова под определение окказионализма не подходит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7223" LastActivityDate="2017-12-19T11:45:35.397" Title="Существует ли понятие семантического окказионализма, а если нет то как его правильно назвать?" Tags="&lt;лингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15397" CreationDate="2017-12-19T09:14:56.773" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;я конечно не филолог и не лингвист, но посмотреть могу 8^)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот &lt;a href=&quot;https://publications.hse.ru/chapters/102333542&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;здесь&lt;/a&gt;, например, речь идёт о таких понятиях, как &quot;&lt;em&gt;переходность&lt;/em&gt;&quot; и &quot;&lt;em&gt;лабильность&lt;/em&gt;&quot; глаголов. &quot;Переходность&quot; в смысле способности быть переходными, каковым стал глагол &lt;code&gt;исчезнуть&lt;/code&gt; в приведённой фразе. А &quot;&lt;em&gt;лабильность&lt;/em&gt;&quot; в смысле способности глаголов быть как переходными, так и непереходными без формальных изменений, точно как в случае приведённой фразы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В другой просмотренной &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=JlyTCgAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA275&amp;amp;lpg=PA275&amp;amp;dq=%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=hj97BYadOk&amp;amp;sig=i_cMzr6LTnbDXXm6qD6dlTcuTD4&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwj1m7CC3ZXYAhXBYlAKHcBCB5kQ6AEINjAC#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;литературе&lt;/a&gt; процесс изменения формы глаголов между переходной и непереходной называется &quot;&lt;em&gt;лабилизацией&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Стало быть глагол &lt;code&gt;исчезнут&lt;/code&gt; в приведённой фразе можно, вероятно, классифицировать как &quot;&lt;em&gt;призвольно лабилизированный, в страдательном залоге&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Это, конечно, не научная классификация, а всего лишь попытка её произвести.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Покопавшись ещё в &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=7U7TAAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA342&amp;amp;lpg=PA342&amp;amp;dq=%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%20%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=RxT-1ffGVX&amp;amp;sig=zLfs6B800BzVGyTZgEGp2jfFyWo&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwiYrc7a5pXYAhWSLlAKHeF8AWYQ6AEISzAF#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%20%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;литературе&lt;/a&gt;, нашёл термин &quot;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;семантический сдвиг&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (хотя и без его связи с явлением лабильности глаголов) которому приведённый пример может удовлетворять.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-19T10:00:27.600" LastActivityDate="2017-12-19T10:00:27.600" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15399" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15397" CreationDate="2017-12-19T11:45:35.397" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Используется понятие &lt;strong&gt;грамматического&lt;/strong&gt; (морфологического) &lt;strong&gt;окказионализма&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Статья: &quot;Грамматические окказионализмы в авторском тексте&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://narfu.ru/university/library/books/1058.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://narfu.ru/university/library/books/1058.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Семантический окказионализм&lt;/em&gt; означает другое:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://studfiles.net/preview/383843/page:7/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://studfiles.net/preview/383843/page:7/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-12-19T11:45:35.397" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12547" CreationDate="2017-12-19T12:43:15.453" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The particle &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; is normally used for negation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не пойман - не вор. ([If one is] not caught, [then one is] not a thief.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;strong&gt;ни&lt;/strong&gt;, there are actually two homonymic particles, one used for negation (on its own or with &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ни рыба, ни мясо&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ни себе, ни людям&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ни шагу назад! (Not a step backwards!)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Никто не забыт, ничто не забыто. (No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other meaning &quot;any&quot;, &quot;every&quot;, &quot;whichever&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Где бы я ни был (wherever I am), куда б я ни шёл (wherever I go), etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Куда-нибудь (somewhere), что-нибудь (something), etc (here &lt;strong&gt;ни&lt;/strong&gt; merged with &lt;strong&gt;будь&lt;/strong&gt; but retained the meaning).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что ни на есть, какой ни на есть, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Куда ни глянь (wherever you look), как ни старайся (however hard you try), etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что ни день, то новости. (Every day there's news.) Etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is this &lt;strong&gt;ни&lt;/strong&gt; that appears in &lt;strong&gt;кто бы то ни был&lt;/strong&gt; ('whoever it may be').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLGcD1ACbZo&amp;amp;t=3397s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this talk&lt;/a&gt; by A. A. Zalizniak. The link points to 56:37 where the discussion of &lt;strong&gt;ни&lt;/strong&gt; (meaning &quot;any&quot;) begins but I recommend watching the whole lecture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-01-04T01:31:30.943" LastActivityDate="2018-01-04T01:31:30.943" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15401" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15404" CreationDate="2017-12-20T17:54:07.343" Score="2" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &quot;использоваться&quot; and &quot;употреблять&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When do we use the first one and when the latter?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10014" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2017-12-23T02:09:48.997" LastActivityDate="2017-12-23T13:36:42.197" Title="&quot;использоваться&quot; and &quot;употреблять&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15402" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-20T17:58:02.073" Score="1" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Bz3z0.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Bz3z0.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The below image was listed in a book a wishes and I was hoping someone could help me translate it.  I think it begins with &quot;Want a new year to start....&quot;  but can't figure out the rest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10015" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2017-12-21T07:25:41.193" LastActivityDate="2017-12-21T07:25:41.193" Title="Can someone help translate the Russian Cursive in the image below" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="10" ClosedDate="2017-12-21T09:35:26.570" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15404" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15401" CreationDate="2017-12-20T19:06:27.750" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;исполЬзоваться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a reflexive verb, which means it doesn't have a direct object (is intransitive) and denotes an action being experienced by the subject&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;инструмент&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;subject&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; используется&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;predicate&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; в работе - a tool &lt;strong&gt;is (being) used&lt;/strong&gt; in the works&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;употреблять&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is an active verb which can have an object (is transitive) and denotes an action being performed by the subject&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;subject&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; употребляю&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;predicate&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; много чеснока&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;dir.object&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; - i &lt;strong&gt;consume&lt;/strong&gt; a lot of garlic&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The use cases of the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;исполЬзовать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; are identical to those of the the verb &lt;code&gt;to use&lt;/code&gt;, and of the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;исполЬзоватьСЯ&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - to those of its past participle &lt;code&gt;to be used&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Употреблять&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is mainly utilized to denote consumption (food, liquids, medicines, substances), usage of objects for specific purpose and/or accomplishment of a certain objective evident from the context or explicitly introduced with  prepositions &lt;code&gt;для&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;c целью&lt;/code&gt;, as well as usage of words/language/vocabulary (as in &lt;code&gt;в общении с дамами я мат не употребляю&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This article&lt;/a&gt; in the Wiktionary has a pretty exhaustive in my opinion  set of use case examples for the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;употреблять&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-20T20:59:40.360" LastActivityDate="2017-12-20T20:59:40.360" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15374" CreationDate="2017-12-21T20:26:26.827" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The fact that von Hagemeister was a Baltic German born into a gentry family and composed his diaries in German, Russian, English, French, Spanish and Portuguese doesn't tell much about validity of his language skills evalutaion targeted at other Russian speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Volkoff and von Hagemeister met in 1817, while Khlebnikoff's reference to Volkoff as to an interpreter is dated by 1820, which means that Volkoff's skills were at least still passable for his interpreting services and a conversation with Khlebnikoff in 1820.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the language Khlebnikov uses is filled with misspellings and many a calque from Western European languages, which was 'an aristocratic Russian', a form of the language with numerous grammatical and/or orthographical mistakes, but still understandable and recognisible as a legitimate form of Russian throughout the Empire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not that Hagemeister could use much better form of Russian himself (a German accent is still regardered as a 'legitimate mockery' by many native Russian speakers), but while Volkoff had spent decades within the Spanish-speaking community, his Russian, just like Khlebnikoff's, mihgt undergo the same noticeable changes under the Spanish influence during his hispanophonic days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, both Khlebnikov and Volkoff could speak more or less equally 'creolised' form of Russian (not necessary with any distortion, but rather with equal level of 'illegitimate mockery' of the language).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we take as a starting point for our conclusion an idea that in those days a Russian nationality was defined mainly by a language mastering, this possibly could explain why Volkoff was described as a 'creole with a low language competence' by von Hagemeister, another person who perhaps spoke equally 'creolised' Russian... or was just trying to put on some airs of a language connaisseur.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-12-23T09:42:33.843" LastActivityDate="2017-12-23T09:42:33.843" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15406" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-21T21:01:08.353" Score="2" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &quot;Меня зовут Фёдор&quot; и &quot;Меня Фёдором звать&quot;?&#xA;At first I thought that the Nominal case (&quot;Фёдор&quot;) is more appropriate for names and the Instrumental (&quot;Фёдором&quot;) is for nicknames, but later I came across other examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/js7tT.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/js7tT.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;: My question is not about WHETHER IT'S ONE OR TWO SUBJECTS in a Nominal constructions like &quot;Меня зовут Анна&quot;, &quot;Меня зовут Фёдор&quot;, etc. My question is about WHAT THE DIFFERENCE is between these two usages, that is, between &quot;зовут Фёдор&quot; and &quot;звать Фёдором&quot;. So, it is not a direct duplicate of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/13403/regarding-case-usage-with-%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot;&gt;Regarding case usage with звать&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, none of the three current answers of which are answering my question here (some comments come close, but not the answers).    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2017-12-21T23:30:15.890" LastActivityDate="2017-12-21T23:30:15.890" Title="Difference between &quot;Меня зовут Фёдор&quot; и &quot;Меня звать Фёдором&quot;" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;звать&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2017-12-21T21:48:56.170" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15409" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-23T08:25:00.567" Score="2" ViewCount="312" Body="&lt;p&gt;I could only find десяток and девяток. What is the range of numbers from 1 to 10 for this numeric form? Is десяток merely a declined form for десятка?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9540" LastActivityDate="2017-12-24T19:00:14.070" Title="десяток and its class of numeric forms" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15409" CreationDate="2017-12-23T10:10:21.410" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Девяток&lt;/strong&gt; is a declined form (feminine &lt;em&gt;девятка&lt;/em&gt; -&gt; plural &lt;em&gt;девятки&lt;/em&gt; -&gt; genitive case &lt;em&gt;девяток&lt;/em&gt;), while &lt;strong&gt;десяток&lt;/strong&gt; has its own meaning (ten pieces of smth.) and just &lt;em&gt;coincides&lt;/em&gt; in spelling with that form (&lt;em&gt;десятка&lt;/em&gt; in plural + in genitive case). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the meaning and form of &lt;em&gt;десяток&lt;/em&gt;, there's &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;range of numbers&lt;/em&gt;, it is only possible to mention &lt;strong&gt;пара&lt;/strong&gt; (inform. 2 pieces, две штуки), &lt;strong&gt;пяток&lt;/strong&gt; (very informally, пять штук, 5 pieces you buy), &lt;strong&gt;полдюжины&lt;/strong&gt; (obsolete, 6 штук) - that's all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A related discussion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/13196/express-ten-in-russian-difference-between-%d0%b4%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%8f%d1%82%d1%8c-%d0%b4%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%8f%d1%82%d0%ba%d0%b0-%d0%b4%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%8f%d1%82%d0%be%d0%ba&quot;&gt;Express &amp;quot;ten&amp;quot; in Russian: difference between десять, десятка, десяток&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-12-23T10:10:21.410" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15411" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15409" CreationDate="2017-12-23T11:49:53.743" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For groups of &lt;strong&gt;animate objects of one kind/category&lt;/strong&gt; Russian employs the name of the corresponding digit&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пятёрка&lt;/strong&gt; всадников&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;тройка&lt;/strong&gt; друзей&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  великолепная &lt;strong&gt;семёрка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;except for &lt;code&gt;единица&lt;/code&gt; аnd &lt;code&gt;двойка&lt;/code&gt; (because there's &lt;code&gt;пара&lt;/code&gt;), and for a group of 10 beings &lt;code&gt;десяток&lt;/code&gt; will rather be used instead of &lt;code&gt;десятка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although admittedly it is more of a literary form and has limited use confined to a set of familiar or tested cases. Not every such phrase will sound natural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-23T12:23:04.903" LastActivityDate="2017-12-23T12:23:04.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15409" CreationDate="2017-12-23T13:18:52.263" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Same appearance, not always same meaning. Such forms and similar number designations have often special uses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Единица — mostly as &lt;em&gt;oldisch&lt;/em&gt; worst school grade, from &quot;1&quot;, obviously. Also: a unit. &lt;em&gt;Боевая единица&lt;/em&gt; – a military unit.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Двойка - again, the worst currently used school grade. &lt;em&gt;Can&lt;/em&gt; be used as &quot;pair of something&quot;, but there is also &lt;code&gt;пара&lt;/code&gt;, as mentioned above.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тройка - triplet. Mostly the three horses in a row in the same carriage. I bet, you have seen the pictures. &lt;em&gt;Эх тройка, птица-тройка, куда же ты так несешься?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Четверка - quadruple.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пятерка. Both 4 and 5 can be perceived as school grades that go up to 5. I think, there is a chain of markets called &quot;Пятерочка&quot;, a dimutive. I perceive simply &lt;code&gt;пятерка&lt;/code&gt; depending on context either as best grade or a group of five. Also a money bill of 5.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Шестерка. Has a derogatory meaning of a smallish criminal helper from the criminal argo, wide spread in the 90s and somewhat established in the informal conversational language. Before that, aside from, &quot;a group of six&quot;, the 210&lt;strong&gt;6&lt;/strong&gt; model of Lada. Mentioned above: oldisch spoken language: &lt;code&gt;полдюжины&lt;/code&gt;, that's of quantity only.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Семерка. A group of seven, the number seven, I recall no extra meanings. there was a cheap alcoholic brewage in Soviet time called 777, so &lt;code&gt;три семерки&lt;/code&gt;.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Восьмерка. Dito.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Девятка. Dito, maybe also the 9 at a shooting exercise.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Десятка. Dito, also with shooting. Also a money bill of value 10.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know spontanously no such construct with 11. 12 is &lt;code&gt;дюжина&lt;/code&gt;, there is also 13 — &lt;code&gt;чертова дюжина&lt;/code&gt;, although more conversational. 20 with &lt;code&gt;двадцатка&lt;/code&gt; and 50 with &lt;code&gt;пятидесятка&lt;/code&gt; is for me purely a money bill designations, and not those of a written language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;50 — пятьдесят, but also &lt;code&gt;полста&lt;/code&gt;, esp. in military radio exchange.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;100 — стольник (money), also &lt;code&gt;сотка&lt;/code&gt; – rather in designations, but also for money: &lt;em&gt;А потом сотки подтянулись, так мы и выжили.&lt;/em&gt; (on appearance of СУ-100 on the battlefield); &lt;em&gt;— Почем пластинка Битлов? / — Сотка!&lt;/em&gt; (from bootleg music trade in 60s-70s); сто грамм, стопка — a vodka dosage.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;500 — пятьсот, but also полтысячи.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1000 — тысяча, &lt;em&gt;very old, not in modern language:&lt;/em&gt; тьма, &lt;em&gt;modern jargon:&lt;/em&gt; штука, esp. of money, somewhat oldisch jargon, unsure: &lt;code&gt;кусок&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 000 000 — миллион, &lt;em&gt;jargon:&lt;/em&gt; лимон&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1 000 000 000 — миллиард, &lt;em&gt;jargon:&lt;/em&gt; лярд.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2017-12-23T13:18:52.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15401" CreationDate="2017-12-23T13:36:42.197" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To give you a feel of the difference in usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is an intended diminutive in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Каждый человек необходимо приносит пользу, будучи употреблен на своем&#xA;  месте.&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.inpearls.ru/665418&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.inpearls.ru/665418&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has the touch of consumerism towards people, which was probably the intended pun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Background: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Козьма Прутков&lt;/a&gt; is a collective pseudonym that coined satire and also abstruse and humorous aphorisms. The actual idea of the saying is apparently from Sun Tsu, the correct wording is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Каждый человек приносит пользу, когда занимается своим делом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2017-12-23T13:36:42.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15409" CreationDate="2017-12-23T19:41:49.310" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The group nouns for animate sentient beings are as follows (governed by Plural Genitive and works with Neutrum and Masculine words only): &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;двое, трое, четверо, пятеро, шестеро, семеро.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Then there are more productive adverbial forms (like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;вдвоём, вшестером, всемером, ввосьмером,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; etc., but I guess they might be a little bit outside of the scope of your question).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For Feminine nouns, usual &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/2364/special-treatment-for-plural-forms-depending-on-number-of-objects-where-does-i&quot;&gt;Slavic Counting&lt;/a&gt; is applied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The group nouns for both animate (regardless on whether sentient or not) and inanimate objects are as follows: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пара&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;двойка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is usually applied either as a word for a school mark or a suit type), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;тройка, четвёрка, пятёрка, шестёрка, семёрка, восьмёрка, девятка, десяток,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; there is no specific word for eleven objects, then come &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;дюжина&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (12), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;двадцатка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (20), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;тридцатка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (30), then there is a gap for 40 followed by &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пол-сотни&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (50) and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сотня&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (100). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, standard compound nouns are applied (NB: the post-decimal numbers 2 and 1 should correlate in genders, e. g. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сорок один год&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сорок одна лошадь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сорок одно окно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-12-24T19:00:14.070" LastActivityDate="2017-12-24T19:00:14.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15415" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15416" CreationDate="2017-12-23T23:06:55.070" Score="5" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вариантов&lt;/strong&gt; или &lt;strong&gt;варианта&lt;/strong&gt;? Или можно использовать обе вариации?  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нужна ли запятая перед &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Можно ли использовать &lt;strong&gt;один&lt;/strong&gt;, или грамматически верно использовать только &lt;strong&gt;единственный&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нужна ли запятая перед &lt;strong&gt;кто&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10026" LastActivityDate="2017-12-25T08:05:15.553" Title="&quot;Я один кто не знал, что вариантов у итогового теста два?&quot;" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15415" CreationDate="2017-12-23T23:32:01.377" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;В целом - пример разговорного современного языка, на границе литературной нормы, однако есть работающие правила:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;вариантов (множественное неопределённое, сопоставимое с неопределенным артиклем в западных языках, ср. &quot;Есть ключи?&quot; &quot;Найдутся места?&quot; и так далее). В приближенном к литературной норме возможно только &quot;варианта&quot;, без указания на определенность-неопределенность (и(ли) очевидность-неочевидность).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Нужна (перед подчиненным компонентом сложносоставного сложноподчиненного предложения).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Допускаются оба варианта, в сниженном регистре также возможно &quot;(Это) только я, кто...&quot; и &quot;Я (тут) один такой, кто...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Нужна (перед союзным словом).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2017-12-23T23:32:01.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7579" CreationDate="2017-12-24T04:37:06.180" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a quotation in English, the period goes inside the quotation marks; in Russian, outside the quotation marks. (But an exclamation point and a question mark still go inside.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;No pain, no gain.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«У попа была собака».&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8460" LastActivityDate="2017-12-24T04:37:06.180" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-12-24T04:37:06.180" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15415" CreationDate="2017-12-24T05:25:44.440" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;По-русски мы говорим так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Интересно, я один не знал, что у теста два &lt;strong&gt;варианта&lt;/strong&gt; (только я не знал, я единственный не знал )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возможен вариант с инверсией &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;..., что &lt;strong&gt;вариантов&lt;/strong&gt; у теста два.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Кто&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; показывает, что это калька с иностранного языка. В русском —лишнее (redundant ). Запятые перед придаточными нужны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2017-12-24T05:25:44.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15419" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-24T11:33:31.893" Score="3" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a site that contains the declensions for all cases of russian words and that shows which vowel has the accent? Is there an equivalent to Duden German dictionary, but for Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have used Wiktionary, which has accurate information most of the times, but for some irregular words I cannot verify if the declensions are correct or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9406" LastActivityDate="2017-12-24T12:17:23.660" Title="Site with declension of words" Tags="&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2017-12-24T14:03:35.997" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15415" CreationDate="2017-12-24T12:01:03.333" Score="5" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;При имеющемся порядке слов - &quot;&lt;strong&gt;вариантов&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;(... имеется вот сколько:) два. В случае же прямого указания количества требуется согласование с числительным:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;em&gt;один&lt;/em&gt; (один &lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt;) не знал, что у итогового теста два &lt;strong&gt;варианта&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(the emphasized word is shown in italics)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Запятая нужна - для отделения &lt;em&gt;придаточного предложения&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3/4. См. возможный вариант с &quot;один&quot; в п. 1; исходная фраза неверна (она сконструирована искусственно или переведена - по-русски так не говорят, &quot;кто&quot; здесь излишне). Возможен вариант с &quot;единственный вместо &quot;один&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я единственный не знал, что вариантов у итогового теста два?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно без того и другого:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Выходит,) только я не знал, что вариантов у итогового теста два?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-12-24T12:01:03.333" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15415" CreationDate="2017-12-25T08:05:15.553" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Кроме того, что, как тут уже сказали, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;кто&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; в этом предложении звучит плеонастично, или неуклюже, для того, чтобы фраза звучала более по-русски его можно заменить на &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;который&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я один, который не знал..?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2017-12-25T08:05:15.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15423" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15425" CreationDate="2017-12-25T14:10:40.493" Score="4" ViewCount="274" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always thought this meant That's right! -or- Exactly! In response to someone coming up with a correct answer or statement. However, recently, I had the following exchange, in which it was intimated that I misused it: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;СОБЕСЕДНИК:&lt;/strong&gt; Привет! У меня вопрос: &quot;Proper nouns are normally invariant for number: most are singular, but a few, referring for instance to mountain ranges or groups of islands, are plural (e.g. Hebrides)&quot; &quot;invariant for number&quot; значит неизменны, в единственном или множественном числе. Я правильно понимаю?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я:&lt;/strong&gt; Вот именно!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;СОБЕСЕДНИК:&lt;/strong&gt; Только по-русски лучше сказать «Именно!». Если употреблять это слово. А лучше, если хочется сказать что-то необычное, ну то есть не просто «да, правильно», сказать «В точку!» (это как попасть точно в цель, такое значение).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That led me to think that I've been misusing Вот именно for a long time. So my question is When &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; you use it? What was wrong with my use of it? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2017-12-25T14:20:20.413" LastActivityDate="2017-12-27T08:59:44.750" Title="Usage of Вот именно!" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15423" CreationDate="2017-12-25T14:45:17.387" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;вот&lt;/strong&gt; particle adds a grumbling tone to the expression:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Опять на обед капуста, лучше бы мяса дали!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Вот именно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Cabbage again. I'd like some meat much better!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- My thought exactly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may also sound a bit sarcastic:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Уже 11, пора мне вставать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Вот именно!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- It's 11 already. Time for me to get up from bed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Nice of you to remember that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;именно&lt;/strong&gt; alone will not have these connotations if said in neutral (not grumbling or sarcastic) tone of voice, but anyway it sounds old fashioned to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Именно так&lt;/strong&gt; -  is a formal and polite way to express that you're totally agree/support what was just said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastEditorUserId="4833" LastEditDate="2017-12-27T08:59:44.750" LastActivityDate="2017-12-27T08:59:44.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15423" CreationDate="2017-12-25T16:08:39.103" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вот именно!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; isn't meant to be a response to a question, but a form of unsolicited approval of a statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't have to bear a grumbling tone, it can be expressed enthusiastically, in which case it has connotations of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;See? THAT'S what i'm talking about!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-25T16:13:55.387" LastActivityDate="2017-12-25T16:13:55.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15423" CreationDate="2017-12-25T16:32:47.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You misused it, but the version &lt;strong&gt;именно!&lt;/strong&gt; wouldn't improve the answer: it's just a colloquial simplification of &lt;strong&gt;вот именно!&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;именно так!&lt;/strong&gt; in the meaning of confirmation, and that simplification doesn't belong to sophisticated style of speech (it's an &lt;em&gt;incomplete&lt;/em&gt; expression). The expression &lt;strong&gt;вот именно!&lt;/strong&gt; is suitable when you hear a correct judgment and want to use it for making your own point on its basis. If you just want to approve someone's point, &lt;strong&gt;именно так!&lt;/strong&gt; is better since it never expresses irony, which is possible with &lt;strong&gt;вот именно!&lt;/strong&gt;. Another suggestion (&quot;&lt;em&gt;да, правильно&lt;/em&gt;&quot;) was correct. You could also answer that question &quot;&lt;em&gt;Безусловно!&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Конечно&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Совершенно верно&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.  &quot;&lt;strong&gt;В точку!&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; would better fit a situation where the other person has just made an unexpectedly good guess. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2017-12-25T16:32:47.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15428" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15432" CreationDate="2017-12-27T23:35:35.060" Score="5" ViewCount="275" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that the general way of saying ‘let him/her/them’ is «пусть он/она/они» and the general way of saying ‘let us’ is «давай(те)». (‘General’ meaning that I'm aware that sometimes when translated, the verb is used in the appropriate form and the word ‘let’ is omitted; I am referring to instances apart from these.) What is the general way of saying ‘let me/you’? I'm not sure if it involves some form of «позволить» and how generally «позволить» can be used to say ‘let [someone]’. Or would it be better to rephrase the sentence to avoid using the word ‘let’?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2191" LastEditorUserId="2191" LastEditDate="2017-12-30T06:59:52.523" LastActivityDate="2017-12-30T10:23:51.537" Title="How does one say ‘let me/you’ in general?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15428" CreationDate="2017-12-28T03:20:37.657" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tough question because the English &quot;let&quot; is an intersection of several constructions in Russian, and one probably can't avoid asking &quot;which 'let'&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, it's not &lt;strong&gt;позволить&lt;/strong&gt;. It can be, but only in a handful of hyper-formal contexts, and in general you're better off thinking of &lt;strong&gt;позволить&lt;/strong&gt; as to &quot;allow&quot; or &quot;enable&quot; rather than &quot;let&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In everyday speech, you can safely use &lt;strong&gt;давай&lt;/strong&gt; or plural/formal &lt;strong&gt;давайте&lt;/strong&gt; with &quot;me&quot; and &quot;you&quot;; just include the pronoun. For a less abstract &quot;how about this is what happens next&quot; and more of a literal &quot;let&quot;, you can use &lt;strong&gt;дай(те)&lt;/strong&gt;, which is even more informal but also has an undertone of asking permission.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2017-12-28T03:20:37.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15428" CreationDate="2017-12-28T08:20:17.263" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To expand a little on Nikolay's answer&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Colloquially &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;let me&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;дай(те) мне&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me see -&amp;gt; Дай(те)(-ка) (мне) посмотреть / Дай(те)(-ка) я посмотрю *&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me pass -&amp;gt; Дай(те)(-ка) (мне) пройти / Дай(те)(-ка) я пройду *&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me think -&amp;gt; Дай(те)(-ка) (мне) подумать / Дай(те)(-ка) я подумаю *&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;* elements in parentheses are provisional&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However it may sound impolite if it implies some action to be taken by the addressee and not just giving their consent, and if the situation doesn't warrant impoliteness or overfamiliarity &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;разреши(те)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be used instead. The particle &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;-ка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; softens the phrase so can be added to the verb to make it sound less categorical and more amiable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some fixed expressions with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;let&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; have a variant of (or the only correct) translation using a specific verb in imperative mood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me in - &lt;code&gt;(В)Пусти(те) (меня)&lt;/code&gt; &lt;em&gt;along with&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;Дай(те) (мне) за-/войти&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me go - (От)Пусти(те) (меня)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't let me down - Не подведи(те) (меня)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-12-29T07:43:59.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15432" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15428" CreationDate="2017-12-28T11:37:08.803" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, anyway, &lt;strong&gt;let&lt;/strong&gt; us begin at the beginning. The word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;let&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; may mean the following (and totally different) things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A proposal&lt;/strong&gt;. Translated as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;давай(те)&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; &lt;strong&gt;+ future tense&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: &quot;Let us go somewhere&quot; - &quot;давай(те) сходим куда-нибудь&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: &quot;давай(те)&quot; could be omitted, so the informal things become more informal, while the formal things become even more formal. For example, &quot;Let us suppose&quot; - &quot;Давайте предположим&quot; (a mixture of common and formal speech, typical &quot;lecturer&quot; tone), or just &quot;Предположим&quot; (neutrally formal, like in a book).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;An indifference&lt;/strong&gt; (let it be / I don't mind / I don't care). Translated as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Пусть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Пускай&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; &lt;strong&gt;+ present tense&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: &quot;Let things go&quot; - &quot;Пускай всё идёт своим чередом&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A rhetorical request&lt;/strong&gt;. Typically translated as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Позвольте&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Разрешите&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; &lt;strong&gt;+ infinitive&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: &quot;Let me recall that...&quot; - &quot;Позвольте напомнить, что...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: obviously, it belongs to a purely formal speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;An order&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;persistent request&lt;/strong&gt;. Not translated, i.e. &lt;strong&gt;imperative&lt;/strong&gt; only.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: &quot;Let him go&quot; - &quot;Отпусти(те) его&quot;. (BTW. If you really mean &quot;let him go, because I don't care&quot;, you should say &quot;Пускай уходит&quot;, see (2)).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: as usual, an order differs from a request by tone, and by using the word &quot;please&quot; and such.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A polite request&lt;/strong&gt; (May I...). Well, now we're entering the jungle of a speech etiquette, so we have first to ask if &quot;&lt;strong&gt;let&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is really a polite request in English. How big is the difference between &quot;Let me help you&quot; and &quot;May I help you?&quot;, or &quot;May I come through?&quot; and &quot;Let me come through&quot;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IMO, the most common and simple way in Russian to form a polite request is to use &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Могу&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Можно&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;) &lt;strong&gt;+ infinitive&lt;/strong&gt;, or, alternatively, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Можно&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; &lt;strong&gt;+ future tense&lt;/strong&gt; (also note that it's a question, so it directly corresponds to &quot;May I?&quot; type of sentences). However, the more direct approach with &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Дай(те)&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; &lt;strong&gt;+ infinitive&lt;/strong&gt; (which is much more like &quot;Let me...&quot;) is generally also acceptable (at least if you don't forget to add &quot;please&quot;). So we have&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: &quot;May I come through?&quot; - &quot;Можно пройти?&quot;; &quot;Let me come through&quot; - &quot;Дайте пройти&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering usage of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Позвольте&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in a live speech, it's definitely an option if you want to sound more like a gentleman, and many people actually say it, but it's not a first choice by any means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there are specific use cases, where the construction &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Let + verb&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is used to denote a single action, which usually correspond to a single verb in Russian, e.g. &quot;Let know&quot; - &quot;Сообщить&quot; (although here it's also possible: &quot;Дать знать&quot;), &quot;Let fall&quot; - &quot;Уронить&quot;, and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2017-12-30T09:25:33.030" LastActivityDate="2017-12-30T09:25:33.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15428" CreationDate="2017-12-28T12:27:14.203" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb is not fully translatable into Russian, because in English it primarily conveys both the meaning of a suggestion (imperative, including 2nd and 3rd persons) as well as an ask for a permission, while in Russian the permissive and imperative roles are different, plus there are subtler connotations of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;lest&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. The main  possible structures as ranged from higher to lower speech registers would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Позволь(те) мне (нам, ему, ей, им)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + infinitive (also in Negative Imperative), or  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Позволь(те), я (мы, он(и/-а)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + analytical future tense for negative imperative and synthetical future tense for affirmative ones:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Позвольте нам не вовевать. Позвольте нам успокоиться.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Позвольте, мы не будем воевать. Позвольте, мы успокоимся.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb can also be used for contradictions (especially with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;но&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;), also in Present:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Позвольте, но ведь вы-то воюете!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pronouns can be usually dropped off with infinitives, but not with personal forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb is never used in the 2nd person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Разреши(те) мне (нам, ему, ей, им) + infinitive (also in Negative Imperative)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Разреши(те), я (мы, он(и/-а)+&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; a synthetic future (positive statement) or analytical future (negative statement); &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Разрешите нам успокоиться. Разрешите нам (не) воевать.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Разрешите, мы успокоимся. Разрешите, мы (не) будем воевать.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The forms are never used with 2ns person, either.&#xA;This verb cannot be used in contradictory connotations.&#xA;The pronouns can also be omitted with infinitives, but not with personal forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дай(те) мне (нам, ему, ей, им)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + infinitive or synthetical future form (never used in negative forms);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дай(те) (нам, ему, ей, им) успокоиться.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дай(те), успокоимся.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The simpler form, goes as imperative with any person and tense, for negative and positive statements alike;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Давай(те), мы (мы, он(и/-а)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + (durative) infinitive or any form of a future tense;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Давай успокаиваться. Давай(,) не (будем) воевать. Давай, успокоимся.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Давай(те)(,) вы успокоитесь. Давай(те)(,) вы не будете / ты не будешь воевать.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пусть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + any form of a future tense describes any form of indirect (that is, non-evidential) imperative:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пусть мы (не) успокоимся. Пусть мы (не) будем воевать. Пусть ты (не) успокоишься. Пусть ты (не) будешь воевать. Пусть они (не) успокоятся. Пусть они (не) будут воевать.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The modal structures of let-me-go!-type are usually rendered by occasional verbs or structures:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me go! = &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(От)пусти!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отвянь! Отдзынь!,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's go! = &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Начали! Начинаем! Поехали! Понеслась! Вперёд! Идём!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's get it! = &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Давай-давай! Так (и надо)!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Эшкере !&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (the latter is used as a loan interjection in teenage speech)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2017-12-30T10:23:51.537" LastActivityDate="2017-12-30T10:23:51.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15434" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7579" CreationDate="2017-12-28T16:15:30.183" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;My 5 cents (мои 5 копеек).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example of a email message in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hi Helen,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;yesterday I've received a parcel from you. Thank you for it!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Привет, Елена!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вчера я получил посылку от тебя. Спасибо!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that English version uses comma in the first line, and the second line starts in lower case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10049" LastEditorUserId="10049" LastEditDate="2017-12-29T08:39:41.760" LastActivityDate="2017-12-29T08:39:41.760" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2017-12-28T16:15:30.183" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15435" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15442" CreationDate="2017-12-28T17:37:00.277" Score="4" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dictionaries say that they are synonyms. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus my question is what shades of meaning, and in what cases, would you use one over the other? Or, perhaps, are they completely identical in meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2018-01-02T12:27:07.583" LastActivityDate="2018-01-02T12:27:07.583" Title="Difference in meaning between &quot;по счастью&quot; and &quot;к счастью&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15436" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15435" CreationDate="2017-12-28T19:20:29.503" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stylistic shades are very light.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;По счастью&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is more colloquial and as per my feeling has the undertone of appeal to life circumstances, which aren't purely accidental or miraculous , to greater predictability and expectancy, as it were, of the 'luck' (although &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/15442/7674&quot;&gt;Alex_ander&lt;/a&gt; here thinks otherwise, so the connotations aren't all that palpable).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also it seems more often than not to be used with verbs in the Present tense, whereas &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;к счастью&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; tends to accompany verbs in the Past tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Corpus of Russian language &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;по счастью&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; only gives &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%22%EF%EE%20%F1%F7%E0%F1%F2%FC%FE%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;965&lt;/a&gt; entries versus &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%22%EA%20%F1%F7%E0%F1%F2%FC%FE%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;6 907&lt;/a&gt; for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;к счастью&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. You're welcome to follow the links to review the actual texts they're used in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-29T18:51:30.700" LastActivityDate="2017-12-29T18:51:30.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15437" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15391" CreationDate="2017-12-28T21:00:25.870" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ляшевская (2016) ссылается на диссертацию Леблана (LeBlanc, 2010) и приводит следующую классификацию значений приставки по- для глаголов совершенного вида:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Результативное (‘do X to completion’): поблагодарить;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Делимитативное (‘do X for a while’): пожадничать;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Аттенуативное (‘do a little bit of X’): поразвлечь;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дистрибутивное (‘do X across all objects’): позакрывать;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Игрессивное (‘begin to do X’): подуть.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В сноске 12 на странице 398 Ляшевская также упоминает о шестом значении, прерывисто-смягчительном, которое относится только к глаголам несовершенного вида: побаливать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1070" LastActivityDate="2017-12-28T21:00:25.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15438" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15443" CreationDate="2017-12-28T23:47:26.247" Score="2" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently wrote an email in which I wanted to thank to people and wrote&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Спасибо болшгое, оба вас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was described as &quot;scatalogical&quot; by one of the recipients who suggested instead&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вам обоим, большое спасибо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am particularly puzzled by &quot;обоим&quot;.&#xA;Based on the use of &quot;Вам&quot;, it's apparent that the suggestion uses the dative case, but I've never seen обо declined as обоим.&#xA;Is обоим correct in the sense that a school teacher would have their students use it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7764" LastActivityDate="2018-01-02T05:35:39.930" Title="Does обо turn into обоим in the dative case?" Tags="&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15439" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15441" CreationDate="2017-12-28T23:58:42.607" Score="3" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have two questions about expressions of number of people in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Once when buying tickets at кассы, I heard the expression &quot;три взрослых&quot;. I thought with numbers 2-4, we use the genitive singular form. So why is it not &quot;три взрослого&quot; here?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another time when me and my friends entered a restaurant, I heard the waiter say &quot;четверых&quot;, which I guess is the genitive form of &quot;четверо&quot;. Can anyone explain to me why we use the genitive case here?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6686" LastActivityDate="2017-12-29T18:09:30.147" Title="Expression of number of people" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15438" CreationDate="2017-12-29T05:36:03.423" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Firstly, both = &lt;strong&gt;оба&lt;/strong&gt;, not &lt;strong&gt;обо&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, the dative of &lt;strong&gt;оба&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;обоим&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0#Declension&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0#Declension&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;strong&gt;вам обоим&lt;/strong&gt; is the correct expression of `to both of you'. I would put the original phrase this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Большое спасибо вам обоим.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2017-12-29T05:36:03.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15439" CreationDate="2017-12-29T05:47:30.430" Score="4" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The 'genitive singular' rule only applies to nouns. For adjectives (or nouns that decline like adjectives e.g. запята́я) it's genitive or nominative &lt;em&gt;plural&lt;/em&gt;: два взро́слых биле́та, два ста́рых дру́га, две мировы́х войны́. On the choice between the genitive and the nominative for adjectives, see &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/14915/can-anyone-clear-up-some-discrepancies-between-rules-for-numeraladjectivenoun?rq=1&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You normally ask for a table &lt;em&gt;for&lt;/em&gt; a number of people: сто́лик &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; четверы́х, пожа́луйста! The preposition &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; calls for an accusative which matches the genitive for animate nouns/numerals. (In your case the waiter might have preempted your request with &quot;Сто́лик на четверы́х?&quot;) If you are asked: Ско́лько вас? (How many of you?), you reply in the nominative: че́тверо.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2017-12-29T18:09:30.147" LastActivityDate="2017-12-29T18:09:30.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15435" CreationDate="2017-12-29T06:24:07.687" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;По счастью&lt;/strong&gt; tends to mean &lt;strong&gt;по счастливой случайности&lt;/strong&gt; (thanks to &lt;em&gt;unexpectedly&lt;/em&gt; good luck) while &lt;strong&gt;к счастью&lt;/strong&gt; is universally used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дуэль, по счастью, окончилась благополучно. (А. Куприн, Поединок.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An even clearer illustration:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;По счастью, близко тут журавль случился. (И. Крылов, Волк и журавль.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2017-12-29T14:42:35.903" LastActivityDate="2017-12-29T14:42:35.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15438" CreationDate="2017-12-29T08:18:46.667" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You seem to have interpreted &lt;code&gt;спасибо&lt;/code&gt; as implying a transitive verb (by analogy with &lt;code&gt;to thank&lt;/code&gt;) which requires Accusative case as applied to inanimate objects, kind of like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Благодарю &lt;em&gt;[что?]&lt;/em&gt; вы &lt;em&gt;(instead of [кого?] вас)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It just have to be memorized that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;спасибо&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; alone corresponds with Dative case, probably because it implies the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;говорить (спасибо) кому?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, so your phrase essentially means &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;(Говорю) спасибо большое (кому? Dative)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;вам обоим&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Oба&lt;/code&gt; always &lt;em&gt;follows pronouns&lt;/em&gt;, like in English &lt;code&gt;you both&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;both of you&lt;/code&gt;, i.e. &lt;code&gt;вы оба; вам обоим&lt;/code&gt;, but &lt;em&gt;precedes nouns and adjectives&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a vehicle for memorization of the Dative case it's useful to treat &lt;code&gt;спасибо&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;my thanks go TO&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://udarenieru.ru/index.php?word=on&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HERE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; you can look up declensions. Make sure that the word is spelled correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rearrangement of the phrase by the addressee was unnecessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2017-12-29T12:24:46.693" LastActivityDate="2017-12-29T12:24:46.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15444" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-29T12:14:57.943" Score="1" ViewCount="217" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is this correct grammar? Мы пели. ('We sang' with the word 'songs' or 'a song' missing but implied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9540" LastActivityDate="2018-01-05T11:21:01.443" Title="Is an object obligatory for a transitive verb?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15444" CreationDate="2017-12-29T12:22:45.130" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes it's correct. It's the same in English, isn't it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as necessity of the object is concerned, some verbs (or verbs in certain forms) do require it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Phrases such as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я мыл - I washed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я поднимал - I lifted&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я вскапывал - I spaded&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;are lacking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я красил - I painted&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;вскапывал - I spaded (a little/for some time)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;sound right even without an object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess necessity of an object is inherent to the semantics of a verb and governed by habitual patterns of its usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perfective verbs seem to require it a lot more often that the imperfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2017-12-29T14:21:52.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15446" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2017-12-29T17:59:05.377" Score="3" ViewCount="275" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you take a look at the book &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books?id=YIaMDAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;lpg=PA1&amp;amp;pg=PA191#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;«Верховный алгоритм: Как машинное обучение изменит наш мир»&lt;/a&gt;, in the first line of page 191, you'll read:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;..., что объективной реальности вообще не существует&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is &lt;strong&gt;реальность&lt;/strong&gt; in its genitive form? Shouldn't it be nominative:&#xA;(&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;объективная реальность вообще не существует&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;), as here &lt;strong&gt;реальность&lt;/strong&gt; is the subject of verb существует?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10052" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-09-30T11:16:37.633" LastActivityDate="2020-09-30T11:16:37.633" Title="&quot;Реальности не существует&quot; - why a genitive here?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;abessive-case&gt;&lt;genitive-negative&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15446" CreationDate="2017-12-29T19:07:28.603" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a type of sentence which is called impersonal (subjectless).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianforeveryone.com/Rufe/Lessons/Course1/Grammar/GramUnit15/GramUnit15_2.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;take a look&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With negation of the verb &lt;code&gt;существовать&lt;/code&gt; this form of sentence is especially common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also a normative pattern for negation of the verb &lt;code&gt;быть (бывать)&lt;/code&gt;. While &lt;code&gt;there's me&lt;/code&gt; is translated as &lt;code&gt;я есть&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;there's no me&lt;/code&gt; is translated as &lt;code&gt;меня нет&lt;/code&gt; where &lt;code&gt;меня&lt;/code&gt; is Genitive of &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English &lt;code&gt;there's (no) me&lt;/code&gt; is also a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impersonal_verb#In_English&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;subjectless type of sentence&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-03T13:45:36.330" LastActivityDate="2018-01-03T13:45:36.330" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15450" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15451" CreationDate="2018-01-02T21:03:56.430" Score="3" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why some masculine nouns, like &lt;strong&gt;кофе&lt;/strong&gt;, are treated as neuter? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastActivityDate="2018-01-04T15:20:18.693" Title="Why some masculine nouns are usually tretead as neuter?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2018-01-04T20:42:26.127" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15450" CreationDate="2018-01-02T22:25:42.353" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Кофе is a loanword and a special case. It is grammatically masculine, but it ends in -е, which is consistent with the neuter gender in Russian. So, many native speakers incorrectly use it as though it is neuter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2018-01-02T22:25:42.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15452" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15454" CreationDate="2018-01-03T03:10:56.443" Score="6" ViewCount="417" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which of the two is the right term to say when saying goodbye to someone, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;всего доброго&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;всего хорошего&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I know there are many other terms for &quot;goodbye&quot;, or &quot;all the best&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I usually say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;всего доброго&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; to older people, and I find that many will be quick to answer &quot;&lt;strong&gt;всего хорошего&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; sounding more like they are correcting me, instead of just answer back with &quot;you too&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;всего доброго&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is, am I saying the wrong one? Should I be saying &quot;&lt;strong&gt;всего хорошего&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; instead? Or is it that people are simply answering without thinking that it's different then what I just said?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10057" LastEditorUserId="10057" LastEditDate="2018-01-03T14:53:08.707" LastActivityDate="2018-01-03T14:53:08.707" Title="&quot;всего доброго&quot; or &quot;всего хорошего&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15452" CreationDate="2018-01-03T10:15:02.030" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm in my mid-thirties, I always say &lt;strong&gt;всего доброго&lt;/strong&gt;, and I have the impression it's generally the more common one, but I can't say I've been paying attention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's definitely nothing wrong with &lt;strong&gt;всего доброго&lt;/strong&gt;. For what it's worth, my first association with &lt;strong&gt;всего хорошего&lt;/strong&gt; is a once-popular Soviet song (from way before my time) where it's used passive-aggressively:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сняла решительно пиджак наброшенный,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Казаться гордою хватило сил,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ему сказала я: - Всего хорошего, -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А он прощения не попросил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That probably doesn't matter much; the point is, for &lt;strong&gt;всего доброго&lt;/strong&gt;, I can't think of even such inconsequential baggage it may have. So they're probably answering without thinking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. An afterthought: if you speak with an accent, perhaps it's precisely because they want to &lt;em&gt;avoid&lt;/em&gt; sounding like they're correcting or phonetically &amp;quot;one-upping&amp;quot; you, that they say something different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-03T10:24:49.890" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15452" CreationDate="2018-01-03T11:39:31.123" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;To my ear &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;всего доброго&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; sounds a bit higher in register than &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;всего хорошего&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and so i myself make sure to not use it in everyday speech. Not to speak of the fact that the expression itself in either of the variants isn't particularly colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The people who reply with the different variant maybe do so in order to not sound repetitive, just for the sake of variety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again to get the idea of what's more acceptable (and in which contexts) it might be useful to review instances of either of the phrases in the Corpus of Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think you should switch to another variant, the difference between them isn't that critical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-01-03T11:39:31.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15450" CreationDate="2018-01-03T21:02:41.040" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is unclear why the word that looks like a neuter noun and initially in 1700s was used as a neuter noun, later became a masculine noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a long time grammar rules required &quot;кофе&quot; to be treated as a masculine noun. &#xA; Recently, in 2009, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pravda.ru/society/01-09-2009/322376-slovar-0/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;grammar rules were officially relaxed&lt;/a&gt; (the link is in Russian).  You can either treat it as a masculine, or as a neuter noun. Now phrases &lt;em&gt;&quot;черное кофе&quot; / black coffee&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;&quot;горячее кофе&quot; / hot coffee&lt;/em&gt; are considered to be grammatically correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2018-01-04T15:20:18.693" LastActivityDate="2018-01-04T15:20:18.693" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15456" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15458" CreationDate="2018-01-05T09:08:08.670" Score="6" ViewCount="1483" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to translate this sentence to Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The doors of the [beduin] tents slammed open and shut in the wind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found the verbs &lt;code&gt;хло́пнуть&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;захло́пнуть&lt;/code&gt; for shutting or slamming a door. Though, to me, it seems like both terms mean closing a door rather than opening it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;strong&gt;I would like to emphasize that the doors did both (open and close)&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Right now I am using this sentence, which has a slightly different meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Двери палаток так хлопнули на ветру, что всё загремело.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5998" LastActivityDate="2019-08-15T20:48:52.547" Title="How to say &quot;slam a door open/shut&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15456" CreationDate="2018-01-05T10:33:14.280" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Дверцы палаток то распахивались, то захлопывались от ветра (на ветру).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-01-05T10:33:14.280" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15456" CreationDate="2018-01-05T10:53:01.907" Score="12" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Двери палаток хлопали, открываясь и закрываясь  от ветра. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that хлопнули is a single-event verb whereas хлопали is a multi-event verb which is probably what you wanted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think you used &quot;open and shut&quot; only to emphasize the repetitiveness of the slamming. In Russian you can safely drop &quot;открываясь и закрываясь&quot; because repetitiveness is already expressed by хлопали. Thus you can simply say :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Двери палаток хлопали от ветра. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ветер хлопал дверьми палаток.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which sounds a bit more fiction-like, if that's what you are writing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-01-05T19:06:19.770" LastActivityDate="2018-01-05T19:06:19.770" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15444" CreationDate="2018-01-05T11:21:01.443" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As opposed to the languages that need to use at least formal objects with their transitive verbs, like in Japanese you cannot simply say &quot;I'm eating&quot;, you need an object, usually it's the formal object &quot;rice&quot;, &quot;I'm eating&quot; is expressed as &quot;I'm eating rice&quot; irrespective of what food you're actually eating, in Russian no formal or necessary objects are needed. If it's clear from the context what you're eating, or it's not important what you're eating, &quot;Я ем&quot; or even simply &quot;Ем&quot; are perfectly correct sentences, answering both the question &quot;Are you eating now?&quot; and also &quot;Do you eat {name of food}?&quot; The same goes for the rest of the transitive verbs, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Germanic languages typically need formal parts of the sentence, like &quot;&lt;em&gt;It&lt;/em&gt; can &lt;em&gt;well&lt;/em&gt; be true&quot; in which &lt;em&gt;it&lt;/em&gt; is the formal subject and &lt;em&gt;well&lt;/em&gt; is a formal adverbial modifier, Russian usually &lt;em&gt;does not&lt;/em&gt; need any formal parts of the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2018-01-05T11:21:01.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15456" CreationDate="2018-01-05T18:54:35.887" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can go with a description. &lt;code&gt;Двери стучали на ветру.&lt;/code&gt; (Or: &lt;code&gt;Дверь стучала на ветру&lt;/code&gt; for singular.) This basically focuses on the doors producing the sound and not being shut or open, but it's obvious that doors produce a clapping sound by closing themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another issue is if your tents really have &lt;em&gt;doors&lt;/em&gt; or the entry blocking device is called different. Compare &lt;code&gt;полы шатра&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My &lt;code&gt;стучали&lt;/code&gt; above implies hard doors, of wood or something. If it's fabric, I'd say &lt;code&gt;хлопали&lt;/code&gt;, e.g. &lt;code&gt;Полотнища палаток хлопали на ветру&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;паруса хлопали от порывов ветра&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2018-01-05T18:54:35.887" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15463" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15464" CreationDate="2018-01-05T22:14:19.270" Score="2" ViewCount="182" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm supposed to answer the following question with the word in parenthesis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;му г&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;стю вы пок&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;зываете н&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;вые карт&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ны? (иностр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;нный)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I see that the perfective verb, пок&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;зываете, is transitive and that I can answer the question in two ways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.) I register/show the new room to the foreign guests.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1a.) Я пок&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;зываю н&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;вую к&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;мнату (к?) иностр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;нным гост&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;м.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.) I register/show the foreign guests to the new room.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2a.) Я пок&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;зываю иностр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;нных гост&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;й (К?) н&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;вой к&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;мнате. (accusative/dative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2b.) Я пок&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;зываю иностр&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;нные г&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;сти н&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;вой к&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;мантии. (nominative/dative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianlessons.net/lessons/lesson13_main.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.russianlessons.net/lessons/lesson13_main.php&lt;/a&gt; asserts, &amp;quot;The Russian dative case is used to represent the indirect object. This is the person or thing that receives the main object.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, for example, &amp;quot;to call - звонить&amp;quot;, where the recipient of the call (the main object) is in dative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in these two sentence choices, I can very well see the room and the guests as being interchanged in their roles as &amp;quot;main object&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;indirect object&amp;quot;, and hence their formation in either the accusative or the dative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.) Is my interpretation in the last paragraph correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ii.) As neither are subjects (room/guests - subject is &amp;quot;I&amp;quot;) the 2b) isn't correct, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;iii.) Does this specific case truly have two choices or am I making a mistake?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;iv.) What are the correct translations of the sentences 1.) and 2.)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think all these 4 questions are interrelated and I think the answer could be very short.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-06T08:56:43.123" Title="&quot;dative verb&quot; показывать and direct &amp; indirect objects" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15463" CreationDate="2018-01-05T23:17:38.080" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;показываете&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is in fact &lt;strong&gt;imperfective&lt;/strong&gt; as verbs in Present tense (in Russian at least) can't be perfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the source of your confusion is the two ways of using the verb &lt;code&gt;to show&lt;/code&gt; in English. Namely:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to show smbd smth&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;AND &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to show smbd TO smth&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Into Russian they are not translated entirely identically: 1. is as &lt;code&gt;показывать&lt;/code&gt;, whereas 2. is as &lt;code&gt;провожать (in order to show)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;повести показать&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;делать экскурсию в/на/по&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still in the second instance it may be translated as &lt;code&gt;показывать&lt;/code&gt; as well due to lack of one word equivalent in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having in mind specifically the instance 1, the translations of the sentences would have to look as follows&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a) I show the new room to the foreign guests - Я показываю нов&lt;strong&gt;ую&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  комнат&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;Acc.&lt;/sup&gt; иностранн&lt;strong&gt;ым&lt;/strong&gt; гост&lt;strong&gt;ям&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;Dat.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b) I show the foreign guests to the new room - Я показываю&#xA;  иностранн&lt;strong&gt;ых&lt;/strong&gt; гост&lt;strong&gt;ей&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;Acc.&lt;/sup&gt; нов&lt;strong&gt;ой&lt;/strong&gt; комнат&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  &lt;sup&gt;Dat.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can notice in Accusative (as direct object) and in Dative (as  indirect object) both collocations &lt;code&gt;новая комната&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;иностранные гости&lt;/code&gt; have different finals, indicating their case declension and syntactic role.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second sentence however doesn't make sense in Russian because it says that you show foreign guests to a room, that is &lt;code&gt;show a group of people to an inanimate object&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the translation to make sense the English sentence is to be construed based on the second meaning of &lt;code&gt;to show&lt;/code&gt; (point 2 above), in which case the translation would be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;b) I show the foreign guests to the new room - Я веду иностранн&lt;strong&gt;ых&lt;/strong&gt; гост&lt;strong&gt;ей&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;Acc.&lt;/sup&gt; показать (им) нов&lt;strong&gt;ую&lt;/strong&gt; комнат&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;Acc.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It sounds clumsy in Russian, because such phrase isn't very idiomatic for the language.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-06T08:05:27.927" LastActivityDate="2018-01-06T08:05:27.927" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15463" CreationDate="2018-01-06T07:33:36.117" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1a&lt;/strong&gt; is correct, no &lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt; is needed (&lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt; is needed with motion verbs: &lt;code&gt;я иду́ к дру́гу&lt;/code&gt; vs. &lt;code&gt;я дарю́ дру́гу&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer is in the question itself:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Како́му го́стю вы пока́зываете но́вые карти́ны?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just replace the question word &lt;code&gt;како́му&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code&gt;иностра́нный&lt;/code&gt;, keeping the dative case ending (-ому):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Иностра́нному го́стю вы пока́зываете но́вые карти́ны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is a perfectly valid Russian sentence. All that's left is changing the person: вы пока́зываете -&gt; я пока́зываю:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Иностра́нному го́стю я пока́зываю но́вые карти́ны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could stop there but one final touch could be moving the dative object (иностра́нному го́стю) to the end of the sentence to make it sound more neutral:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пока́зываю но́вые карти́ны иностра́нному го́стю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;iii.) Does this specific case truly have two choices or am I making a mistake?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answering the question in English and translating back to Russian is the wrong way to go. You are bringing in idiosyncrasies of English that a Russian would never have thought of when answering that question. The grammatical structure was already given to you in the question and your job was just to substitute the right words, keeping the cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This method also trains the right reflexes: it is hard-wired into every Russian brain to use the same case when answering a question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Како́му го́стю нра́вятся карти́ны?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Иностра́нному.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кому́ Росси́я продала́ Аля́ску?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Аме́рике.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answering with just &lt;code&gt;иностра́нный&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Аме́рика&lt;/code&gt; would sound awkward, as if you were answering a different question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, in your answer, &lt;code&gt;карти́ны&lt;/code&gt; suddenly became &lt;code&gt;ко́мнаты&lt;/code&gt;. Who knows what else might get lost in translation? :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-01-06T07:33:36.117" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15466" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15469" CreationDate="2018-01-06T18:44:46.377" Score="6" ViewCount="330" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently read a piece of text that was translated into Russian by a very reputable translator. In it, a couple was at a party when someone asked the husband what he thought of a new legislature. The wife, knowing that this would send the husband into an endless political tangent, said (in the English version) Oh boy! Here we go... The Russian translation was: Ну вот... понеслась душа в рай! To me, this would seem like &quot;I've died and gone to heaven!&quot;, which would the opposite of what the wife meant according to the context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance for your help :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-01-08T23:36:51.137" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T05:34:57.127" Title="Interpretation of &quot;Понеслась душа в рай!&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15466" CreationDate="2018-01-06T19:28:10.330" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The root word of that translation is the word &lt;code&gt;понеслась&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There are number of similar phrases based on this word having the same meaning, for instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Понеслась&lt;/code&gt; душа в рай.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Понеслась&lt;/code&gt; моча по трубам.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Понеслась&lt;/code&gt; пизда по кочкам (this is obscene, I'm sorry).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And just &lt;code&gt;Понеслась&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;Понеслась&lt;/code&gt; could be translated as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Here we go.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Let's start the party.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-01-06T19:42:14.410" LastActivityDate="2018-01-06T19:42:14.410" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15469" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15466" CreationDate="2018-01-06T19:34:01.140" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The idiom in this context means something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He's now gotten into his element&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but in negative sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-01-06T19:34:01.140" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15466" CreationDate="2018-01-06T20:07:09.917" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not opposite. The meaning is metaphorical, implying that the speaker (or an acting person) is as much attracted to the topic - or an acting person to an object of an action or to an action as such - as a soul is attracted to a paradise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, the meaning cannot be entirely negative. It could be ironical, disrespectful and/or patronizing - as it is the case with the usage of 'Amen' in a sense of 'say no more' - but never entirely negative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2018-01-07T23:28:57.923" LastActivityDate="2018-01-07T23:28:57.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15471" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-07T00:30:15.617" Score="9" ViewCount="1014" Body="&lt;p&gt;In American English the standard term seems to be 'whole wheat flour', while in British English it seems that whole meal and whole wheat are used interchangeably (or perhaps whole meal refers to coarse whole wheat flour).&#xA;How would 'whole wheat flour' be written on Russian flour products? Or how would you ask for it in a Russian supermarket? &#xA;When I search on some Chinese retail sites I've seen products labelled &quot;пшеничная мука&quot; being listed in Chinese as 'whole wheat flour' but from what I can gather it only means 'wheat flour' in Russian. Is that the same as 'whole wheat flour' in English?   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10073" LastActivityDate="2020-01-15T14:08:45.667" Title="What is the equivalent of 'whole wheat flour' in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15472" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15471" CreationDate="2018-01-07T04:55:27.270" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The equivalent &quot;vulgar&quot; term will be &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;цельнозерновая мука&lt;/a&gt; (whole-grain flour). More proper term will be &lt;strong&gt;обойная мука&lt;/strong&gt;, while any one or both of these terms &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.ru/search?q=%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;amp;tbm=isch&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;may be present on a package&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6602" LastActivityDate="2018-01-07T04:55:27.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15473" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-07T20:05:52.977" Score="6" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've come across я &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; состоянии плавать, I can (am able) to swim, and я способен, I can (am able)...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How are both of these used? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10076" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-01-09T12:40:56.100" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T05:17:12.503" Title="&quot;Я в состоянии&quot; vs &quot;я способен&quot;?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15473" CreationDate="2018-01-07T20:15:42.960" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The short answer&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd say that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;я способен&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can mean both general physical ability and momentary one, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;я в состоянии&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; on the other hand refers mainly to momentary ability, to translate the sentence literally &lt;code&gt;I'm being in a state/position fit for swimming&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said the distinction is very slim to be decisive in the choice of expression with respect to &lt;em&gt;momentary ability&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The long answer&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's worth pointing out that for the phrase &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;я способен&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A)&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;1. The sense of &lt;em&gt;momentary ability&lt;/em&gt; would usually be conveyed by &lt;em&gt;perfective verbs&lt;/em&gt; (except for &lt;em&gt;verbs of motion&lt;/em&gt; - see paragraph &lt;strong&gt;B)&lt;/strong&gt;), i.e.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я способен &lt;code&gt;у&lt;/code&gt;видеть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я способен &lt;code&gt;по&lt;/code&gt;жертвовать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And  a sense of &lt;em&gt;general ability&lt;/em&gt; - with &lt;em&gt;imperfective verbs&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я способен видеть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я способен жертвовать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B)&lt;/strong&gt; 1. With the &lt;em&gt;verbs of motion&lt;/em&gt; the meaning of &lt;em&gt;momentary ability&lt;/em&gt; is conveyed by their &lt;em&gt;unidirectional variant&lt;/em&gt; in both &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;imperfective aspects&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я способен плыть &lt;sup&gt;Uni imperf.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я способен &lt;code&gt;по/от/пере/за/под&lt;/code&gt;плыть &lt;sup&gt;Uni perf.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Perfective aspect&lt;/em&gt; of &lt;em&gt;multidirectional verbs&lt;/em&gt; conveys this meaning as well, i.e.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я способен &lt;code&gt;по&lt;/code&gt;плавать &lt;sup&gt;Multi perf.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я способен &lt;code&gt;с&lt;/code&gt;бегать &lt;sup&gt;Multi perf.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but it sounds somewhat odd and is almost never used&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The meaning of &lt;em&gt;general ability&lt;/em&gt; with &lt;em&gt;motion verbs&lt;/em&gt; is indicated by their &lt;em&gt;multidirectional variant&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;imperfective aspect&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я способен плавать &lt;sup&gt;Multi imperf.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я способен бегать &lt;sup&gt;Multi imperf.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-09T12:48:31.833" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T12:48:31.833" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15473" CreationDate="2018-01-07T22:36:26.580" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Semantically, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;быть в состоянии&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; refers to an evident state and/or an action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;быть способен / способным&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; refers to non-evident condition and/or action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grammatically, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;быть в состоянии&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; always-- well, &lt;em&gt;nearly always&lt;/em&gt; requires an infinitive:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я в состоянии съесть ещё полтазика оливье, выпить ещё пол-литра, потанцевать ещё полчаса и ещё раз проголосовать на выборах. Я в состоянии отвечать за себя. Я в состоянии ехать.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;быть способным&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(способен)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;em&gt;A Noun in Accusative&lt;/em&gt; exists in two variations (with the adjective either in Instrumental or Nominative, for details, see Instrumental Compliment), never to be used with an infinitive; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я способен на ответственные поступки. Я способен на пьянки и танцы.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;*быть способным (&lt;em&gt;способен)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + a noun is in many situations interchangeable with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;оказаться способным/способен&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and conveys a modality of a new topic (a sort of revelation). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The interchangeability is not, however, complete, as &lt;strong&gt;*быть способным (&lt;em&gt;способен)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is never used with definite or single-time actuions, or actions of a higher register. Cf:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я способен на ответственность&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. * &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я способен на поездку&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;VS&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я оказался способен / способным на ответственность.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я оказался способен / способным на поездку.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The indefinite/non-evidential actions (NB: the indefiniteness is expressed by plural) go with this structure perfectly well, e. g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я способен на разговоры. Я способен на поездки&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both types of the structure are intercheangeable with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;мочь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + infinitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2018-01-09T18:30:41.513" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T18:30:41.513" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4615" CreationDate="2018-01-07T23:11:54.693" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming that these sentences were preceded with 'him' claiming that he had not been inside that building, I suggest the following translations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I confronted him with the fact, that I've seen him entering the building.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я возразил ему, сказав, что видел, как он входил в здание.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Возразить&lt;/code&gt; means 'to object, to retort' and it's weaker than 'to confront'. The closest expression I can think of would be &lt;code&gt;дать отпор&lt;/code&gt; but it's a bit outdated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я дал ему отпор, сказав, что видел, как он входил в здание.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One could also use &lt;code&gt;загнать в угол&lt;/code&gt; 'to corner' but obviously the meaning is a bit different:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я загнал его в угол, сказав, что видел, как он входил в здание.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Out of the above, I would stick with &lt;code&gt;возразить&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;возражение&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He was confronted with the fact, that somebody has seen him entering the building.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В ответ он получил возражение в виде того факта, что его видели входящим в здание.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-01-07T23:11:54.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4615" CreationDate="2018-01-07T23:27:40.267" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think we could deal just with adverbs or quasiadverbal structures combined with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ho&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in beginning of a phrase, e. g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Но я сказал ему, что, напротив / на самом деле /фактически / видел, как он заходил/заходит в здание.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Но кто-то /на самом деле /фактически /, напротив, /  видел, как он заходил/заходит в здание.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2018-01-07T23:27:40.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15478" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15482" CreationDate="2018-01-08T20:26:29.993" Score="4" ViewCount="411" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between these two words ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4511" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-01-08T23:44:17.377" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T15:44:16.430" Title="Difference between &quot;парень&quot; and &quot;любовник&quot;?" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15478" CreationDate="2018-01-08T20:35:46.960" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Парень is a boyfriend. Любовник is a lover. Любовник usually implies an illicit affair, where one or both participants are married.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2018-01-08T20:35:46.960" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15478" CreationDate="2018-01-08T21:34:41.987" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Парень&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (a cognate to Lithuanian &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;berniukas&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) makes an emphasis on the relationship while &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;любовник&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; makes emphasis on love-making:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У неё есть парень / нет парня. А парень-то у тебя, подруга, есть?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - the phrases are usually within a scale of socially acceptible / polite talks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, it's ok to ask a girl you hardly know or don't know at all;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У тебя есть парень?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And it's not ok to ask her &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У тебя есть любовник?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2018-01-09T03:42:54.593" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T03:42:54.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15478" CreationDate="2018-01-08T23:34:21.527" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;One thing surprisingly not mentioned so far (and one most important one) is that &lt;code&gt;парень&lt;/code&gt; is way narrower, it's &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; like boyfriend in modern English - in non-ironical way it's applicable only for younger people. A student can introduce her boyfriend: &quot;Это мой парень&quot;, someone in late thirties will sound actually more comical. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Любовник&lt;/code&gt; is not a boyfriend either. One will sound unintentionally funny if they introduce their boyfriend/girlfriend as &lt;code&gt;любовник&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;любовница&lt;/code&gt;. The word is used to describe a relationship that is often kept in secret. It also implies that either one or both of the participants are married. &lt;code&gt;любовник&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;любовница&lt;/code&gt; relationships are unofficial in a wide sense of the term &quot;unofficial&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact that both terms are not fully equivalent to boyfriend is the reason why in colloquial slang word &lt;code&gt;бойфренд&lt;/code&gt; gains more and more traction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-11T15:44:16.430" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T15:44:16.430" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15483" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15484" CreationDate="2018-01-08T23:48:53.490" Score="3" ViewCount="195" Body="&lt;p&gt;I use Google to translate 2 sentences involving 2 cities (Liman-Лиман, Kamyzyak-Камызяк): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;The distance from Liman to Kamyzyak. &#xA;The distance between Liman and Kamyzyak.&#xA;&#xA;Расстояние от Лиман до Камызяка.&#xA;Расстояние между Лиманом и Камызяком.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google changed the city names to different forms. Is there a way to avoid the name change? I learned Russian in high school and have forgotten 99% what my teacher taught me. Can I make some short cuts to avoid name change? For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Расстояние Лиман - Камызяк ...&#xA;Расстояние (Лиман - Камызяк) ...&#xA;Расстояние: Лиман - Камызяк&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7018" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T13:30:42.723" Title="City name change when used in sentence?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15484" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15483" CreationDate="2018-01-09T00:16:23.550" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, &quot;is it possible&quot; heavily depends on what you actually want to achieve. If you intention is to have some sort of summary data, something like report, then you can go with: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Лиман — Казымяк, расстояние N км&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If report-like approach is not an option, to sound natural you still need to know and use cases. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-01-11T13:30:42.723" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T13:30:42.723" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15483" CreationDate="2018-01-09T08:59:15.830" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Google did the right thing: the change is required for the sentence to be grammatically correct. If you don't apply the change, the generated sentence would sound like &quot;the distance between he and she&quot; instead of the grammatically correct &quot;the distance between him and her&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can make this change automatically using this web service: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ws3.morpher.ru/russian/declension?s=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://ws3.morpher.ru/russian/declension?s=Лиман&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T08:59:15.830" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15486" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-09T14:16:17.003" Score="8" ViewCount="283" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to express that &lt;em&gt;I had a short night&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Night&lt;/em&gt; is a feminine noun, so I would decline the adjective accordingly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Моя ночь была короткая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that short forms exist and can be applied, when used predicatively:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Моя ночь была коротка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is what Google Translate suggests as well and - it is usually right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;However, on-line I also found this version quite often:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Моя ночь была короткой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a grammatical perspective, I would use either &lt;code&gt;короткая&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;коротка&lt;/code&gt;. But since &lt;code&gt;короткой&lt;/code&gt; is also used a lot of times, I wonder which version is correct or more common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To make things even worse:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I translate &quot;&lt;em&gt;The weather was cold.&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, Google Translate suggests this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Погода была холодной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though &lt;code&gt;погода&lt;/code&gt; is also a feminine noun, in this case the ending &lt;code&gt;-ой&lt;/code&gt; is suggested. I know that Google is by far not a perfect translator, but still, this confuses me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5998" LastEditorUserId="5998" LastEditDate="2018-12-28T20:31:13.323" LastActivityDate="2018-12-28T20:31:13.323" Title="Declension of adjectives in conjunction with the verb &quot;быть&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;окончания&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15486" CreationDate="2018-01-09T15:18:06.823" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literal translation are not applicable in plenty of cases. One can help you to decline &lt;code&gt;ночь&lt;/code&gt; and conjugate &lt;code&gt;быть&lt;/code&gt; properly but the real answer is that it's better to be translated like: &quot;Я [cегодня] плохо спал&quot; or &quot;мне плохо / мало спалось&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T15:18:06.823" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15488" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15486" CreationDate="2018-01-09T18:09:30.780" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Foregoing the issue of your choice of words (as I don’t know what you are trying to convey), the difference between endings here is purely stylistic, as they are both perfectly correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These two scream ‘literary’:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Погода была холодна&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ночь была коротка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While these two will be by far more common in everyday speech:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Погода была холодной&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ночь была короткой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9589" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T18:09:30.780" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15486" CreationDate="2018-01-09T18:19:24.523" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I wonder which version is correct or more common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the past and future forms of &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt;, both nominative and instrumental can be used, with the present form nominative only, with the infinitive instrumental only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This feature of Russian is regarded a Polonism by some authors (Polish does use instrumental even in present with &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Old Russian used dative in this position, which is fossilized in some set phrases (&lt;em&gt;не до жиру, быть бы живу&lt;/em&gt;), however, this had later changed to instrumental, either by analogy with &lt;em&gt;становиться, делаться, казаться&lt;/em&gt; etc., or through Polish influence (or both).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T18:19:24.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15486" CreationDate="2018-01-09T18:54:38.123" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, it's great that you recognise the as a Fem. Sg. Instrumental. In my opinion, the difference between Instrumental Vs Nominative predicate in Russian is a difference between perfected (non-present tempus) and imperfected aspects of the phrase. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The former is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essive_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;similar to essive&lt;/a&gt; predicate in Estonian and Finnish languages. Cf:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня была длинная ночь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (the statement is related to the moment of the utterance).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня ночь была длинной&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (the nocturnal longitude is irrelevant for the moment);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня длинная ночь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (present tense, since no possibility to use it instrumental - but it's possible in Polish);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня будет длинная ночь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (non-evidentiality, irrelevance for the moment);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ночь у меня будет длинной&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (the focus of the utterance is concentraded on the nocturnal longitude again).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like in Polish, the Russian instrumental predicate can be used with a personal form of copula &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, but because this verb is used only in past and future tenses, the genitive рredicate is never used in Russian in its present tense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of regularity of this pattern, I think it goes back to common Slavic roots, just like a shortened form of the adjectives. It also expresses temporal modality, together with definatenes/indefinatenes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ночь (у меня) была длинна&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (indefinite, non-evidential quality, hence the lofty supramundane overtones);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Моя ночь длинна&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (indefinite, hence, non-evidential).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ночь у меня будет длинна&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. (indefinite future, hence it sounds improbable and a bit dramatic).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shortened forms are never used in instrumental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T18:54:38.123" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15483" CreationDate="2018-01-09T18:56:59.247" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Лиман и Камызяк &amp;lt;находятся&gt; в N км. друг от друга&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;находятся&lt;/strong&gt; can be ommited &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7755" LastEditorUserId="7755" LastEditDate="2018-01-09T19:03:25.267" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T19:03:25.267" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15492" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15494" CreationDate="2018-01-09T20:34:41.697" Score="4" ViewCount="248" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term &lt;strong&gt;whataboutery&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Responding to criticism by accusing one's opponent of similar or worse fault&lt;/em&gt;s&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/whataboutery&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest I found is the whole phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В огороде бузина, а в Киеве — дядька&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a better translation for this, apart from the fact that whataboutery is a logical fallacy and as such could be translated with a general term as &lt;em&gt;софизм&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;демагогия&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10088" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-13T21:52:36.630" LastActivityDate="2018-01-13T21:52:36.630" Title="How to translate &quot;whataboutery&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15492" CreationDate="2018-01-09T21:19:09.023" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess there's no concise equivalent in Russian and for a reason as this rhetorical vehicle was known to be mainly employed by the Soviet side of the Cold War in response to Western (American) criticism and accusations, so it's anglophones who coined a term for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There're &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;s=whataboutism&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;some suggestions&lt;/a&gt; in Multitran:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;перекладывание вины на других&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;засыпание оппонента встречными обвинениями&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;критика в ответ на критику&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-09T21:26:26.337" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T21:26:26.337" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15492" CreationDate="2018-01-09T21:29:40.300" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Какнасчётизм&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a joke term, quite rare yet actually used (about 2 thousands usages &lt;a href=&quot;https://yandex.ru/search/?text=%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;found&lt;/a&gt; by Yandex, about 1 thousand &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.ru/search?q=%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;by Google&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's quote from wikipedia about &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whataboutism&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this particular term&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Метод какнасчётизма также вошёл и в советский фольклор в форме&#xA;  анекдота:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Скажите, какова средняя заработная плата рабочего в СССР? — …А у вас&#xA;  негров линчуют!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's example of usage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В связи с этим в Великобритании начали говорить о возвращении&#xA;  &quot;какнасчетизма&quot;, сопровождающем &quot;откат к авторитарному укладу&quot;, пишет&#xA;  газета &quot;The Financial Times&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T21:29:40.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15492" CreationDate="2018-01-09T21:31:45.907" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;On Russian Wikipedia &quot;какнасчётизм&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whataboutism&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;is used&lt;/a&gt;. A very popular phrase in this context is &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90_%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;а у вас негров линчуют&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, however it does not suit as a term. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2018-01-09T21:31:45.907" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14665" CreationDate="2018-01-10T01:02:44.957" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You don't use possessives in Russian the same way as you do in English. We often express possession by using the genitive case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;teacher's book = книга учителя&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  John's car = машина Джона&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on the context, you can sometimes say &quot;телефон каждого (человека)&quot; to mean &quot;everyone's phone&quot;. For example, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Телефон каждого (человека) может быть прослушан. = Everyone's phone&#xA;  can be bugged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But Russian doesn't use possessives as much as English. For example, you normally say &quot;Я почистил зубы&quot; (= I brushed &lt;strong&gt;my&lt;/strong&gt; teeth.), and &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;Я почистил &lt;strike&gt;мои/свои&lt;/strike&gt; зубы.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You often use the structure &quot;&lt;em&gt;у меня/у тебя/у него&lt;/em&gt; etc.&quot; instead of possessive pronouns in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;У меня&lt;/strong&gt; болит шея. = &lt;strong&gt;My&lt;/strong&gt; neck hurts.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;У неё&lt;/strong&gt; сломалась машина. = &lt;strong&gt;Her&lt;/strong&gt; car broke down.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;У него&lt;/strong&gt; украли бумажник. = &lt;strong&gt;His&lt;/strong&gt; wallet got stolen.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;У меня&lt;/strong&gt; зазвонил телефон. = &lt;strong&gt;My&lt;/strong&gt; phone started ringing.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  They took &lt;strong&gt;everyone's&lt;/strong&gt; phones. = (Они) &lt;strong&gt;у всех&lt;/strong&gt; забрали телефоны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1839" LastActivityDate="2018-01-10T01:02:44.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15486" CreationDate="2018-01-10T11:11:18.440" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looks like &lt;strong&gt;ночь&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;погода&lt;/strong&gt; cases are apples and oranges. The most common versions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ночь была коротк&lt;strong&gt;ой&lt;/strong&gt; (they woke me up in the middle of the night and&#xA;  took me to my workplace)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ночь была коротк&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; (it seemed short to both of us)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;погода была хорош&lt;strong&gt;ая&lt;/strong&gt; (that day; 25:1 vs хорош&lt;strong&gt;ей&lt;/strong&gt;, by the results from&#xA;  ruscorpora.ru)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A possible reason of that difference. The versions короткой/хорошей express qualities of things that &lt;em&gt;don't exist anymore&lt;/em&gt; (or at least no more keep that quality), while the versions короткая/хорошая express qualities of things that &lt;em&gt;might still exist&lt;/em&gt; and even keep their quality. The particular night is definitely gone, so much more likely it's коротк&lt;strong&gt;ой&lt;/strong&gt;, while some weather still exists and it might be as good as it was at the time of interest. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of weather (which always somehow exists) much comes from the nature of &lt;em&gt;weather&lt;/em&gt;. But things can also depend on &lt;strong&gt;context&lt;/strong&gt;, so here's an example about people (cases of &lt;em&gt;noun&lt;/em&gt; vary here):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Её отец был лётч&lt;strong&gt;ик&lt;/strong&gt; (who left the family long ago but most likely still&#xA;  serves as a pilot).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Её отец был лётчик&lt;strong&gt;ом&lt;/strong&gt; (who died as a hero or changed his profession).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bottom line&lt;/em&gt;: much depends on the current existence / non-existence of things (or state of things).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-01-10T11:11:18.440" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15486" CreationDate="2018-01-10T17:18:00.670" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This answer is not about declension of adjectives, but about idiomatic translations of &quot;I had a short night&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some options to consider:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я мало спал [сегодня/прошлой ночью]&lt;/strong&gt; - I didn't get much sleep [last night].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я не выспался [сегодня]&lt;/strong&gt; - I didn't get enough sleep [last night].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне не дали выспаться&lt;/strong&gt; - My sleep was interrupted (either by waking up early, or bothering intermittently through the night).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я поздно лёг/уснул [прошлой ночью]&lt;/strong&gt; - I went to bed late [last night].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2018-01-10T17:18:00.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15500" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15501" CreationDate="2018-01-11T01:31:48.857" Score="9" ViewCount="2492" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for a Russian idiom which would be the closest analog of &quot;crown jewel&quot; as in, for instance, &quot;the crown jewel of my collection&quot;. I'm not satisfied with &quot;главное украшение&quot; since that's hardly an idiom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10092" LastActivityDate="2018-01-12T05:30:25.303" Title="Russian equivalent of the idiom &quot;crown jewel&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15500" CreationDate="2018-01-11T01:41:24.140" Score="29" Body="&lt;p&gt;It almost complete equivalent, it's &lt;code&gt;жемчужина&lt;/code&gt;, like in &lt;code&gt;жемчужина коллекции&lt;/code&gt;. Here's an example of real-life usage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Один из коллекционеров марок в Красноярске выставил на продажу&#xA;  жемчужину своей коллекции – оригинал марки, выпущенной еще во времена&#xA;  Российской Империи в 1914 году.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Настоящей жемчужиной выставки является картина «Поклонение волхвов»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T01:41:24.140" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15473" CreationDate="2018-01-11T05:17:12.503" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literaly first mean &quot;In condition&quot;&#xA;I in condition [([to do])]&#xA;Я в состоянии (be able to) сделать это сам&#xA;Он в состоянии (in conditon)  алкогольного опьянения&#xA;Находясь в состоянии алкогольного опьянения (будучи пьяным when he drunked)&#xA;человек не способен (not able to) управлять транспортом. (He is not in condition for do it but he can (he's able to))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я русский поэтому мне тяжело это объяснять на английском. Надеюсь понятно написал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10093" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T05:17:12.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15500" CreationDate="2018-01-11T07:37:13.260" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;When speaking about the most spectacular/important part of a multi-part event (say, a circus show act) or its most anticipated participant, e.g. a speaker on a conference, it can also be &lt;em&gt;&quot;гвоздь программы&quot;&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;«Газета &quot;Нью-Йорк Таймс&quot; отметила, что &quot;Умирающий лебедь&quot; стал настоящим гвоздем программы».&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;«Гвоздем выставочной программы стали боевые машины воздушно-десантных войск».&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2018-01-11T07:42:18.057" LastActivityDate="2018-01-11T07:42:18.057" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15500" CreationDate="2018-01-12T05:30:25.303" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;эта картина - &lt;strong&gt;венец&lt;/strong&gt; моей коллекции&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10103" LastActivityDate="2018-01-12T05:30:25.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15507" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15508" CreationDate="2018-01-12T11:49:26.130" Score="3" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;В 1955-1991 годы Польша являлась участником Варшавского договора.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the correct grammatical form of the numerals?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;В тысяча девятьсот пятьдесят пятый - тысяча девятьсот девяносто первый годы Польша являлась участником Варшавского договора.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or something else? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10105" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-01-12T12:31:15.390" LastActivityDate="2018-01-12T18:15:16.223" Title="What is the correct way to write down these numerals with words" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15508" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15507" CreationDate="2018-01-12T12:30:24.643" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С (одна) тысяча девятьсот пятьдесят пятого по (одна) тысяча девятьсот&#xA;  девяносто первый год Польша была участником Варшавского договора.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS. &quot;&lt;em&gt;В 1955-1991 годы&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is ungrammatical. But since it's not really clear what the correct form of &quot;год&quot; in this case would be, usually &quot;&lt;em&gt;в 1955-1991 &lt;strong&gt;гг&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In such cases &lt;em&gt;&quot;гг.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; stands for plural of &quot;&lt;em&gt;год&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in a suitable declination (&lt;em&gt;годах, годы, etc&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="2060" LastEditDate="2018-01-12T18:15:16.223" LastActivityDate="2018-01-12T18:15:16.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15509" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15511" CreationDate="2018-01-13T06:15:04.037" Score="6" ViewCount="208" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не &lt;strong&gt;слишком&lt;/strong&gt; у меня &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; памятных вещей из детства. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that &quot;не слишком&quot; and &quot;не ... много&quot; both mean more or less the same thing. Which makes me wonder what is the function of this seemingly redundant adverb &quot;слишком&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you say just as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не у меня &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; памятных вещей из детства. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-04-24T21:30:56.370" LastActivityDate="2018-04-24T21:30:56.370" Title="Is &quot;слишком&quot; redundant in &quot;не слишком ... много ...&quot;? If not, what is its function?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15509" CreationDate="2018-01-13T06:36:52.913" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, you cannot. &lt;code&gt;Не у меня много памятных вечеров из детства&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;It is not me who has many memorable childhood evenings&lt;/code&gt;.  You could say &lt;code&gt;не много у меня памятных вечеров из детства&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-01-13T06:36:52.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15509" CreationDate="2018-01-13T06:50:53.757" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's neither necessary nor redundant: &lt;strong&gt;не (слишком) много&lt;/strong&gt; = &lt;strong&gt;not (too) many&lt;/strong&gt;. It just softens the expression &lt;em&gt;не много&lt;/em&gt; (not many). However, you can't just remove &lt;strong&gt;слишком&lt;/strong&gt; from the original sentence due to particular word order: in your suggested version, the meaning has changed dramatically into: &lt;strong&gt;It's not me (it's somebody else) who has many things keeping memories of childhood.&lt;/strong&gt; To keep the correct meaning without &lt;strong&gt;слишком&lt;/strong&gt;, you need to change the &lt;em&gt;word order&lt;/em&gt;. e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не (слишком) много&lt;/strong&gt; у меня памятных вещей из детства.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Памятных вещей из детства у меня &lt;strong&gt;не (слишком) много&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A similar Russian phrase which could replace &lt;em&gt;не слишком много&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;не так уж много&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не (так уж) много&lt;/strong&gt; у меня памятных вещей из детства.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Памятных вещей из детства у меня &lt;strong&gt;не (так уж) много&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-01-13T06:50:53.757" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15512" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-13T14:27:10.080" Score="4" ViewCount="641" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как людей из бывшего Союза называют сейчас? Фразу &quot;Люди из бывшего Советского Союза&quot; неудобно использовать, когда хотите называть эту группу. Также, когда хотите назвать одного человека, которого жил в Союзе, тоже неуклюжно сказать &quot;Человек из бывшего Союза.&quot; Должно быть одно слово для этого. Мы с друзьями используем слово &quot;совок,&quot; но это просто из-за того, что я начинал это слово так использовать. Я знаю, что &quot;совок&quot; это человек, который верит в систему коммунизма, и это слово не очень приличное.  Но мне &quot;совок&quot; звучит правильно, потому что слово начинается с частью &quot;советский,&quot; и конец как существительное слово.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10115" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-13T21:47:22.047" LastActivityDate="2018-01-15T18:27:07.527" Title="Как людей из бывшего Союза называют сейчас?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15512" CreationDate="2018-01-13T14:36:59.210" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Варианты&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Граждане бывшего СССР&lt;br/&gt; &#xA;  Бывшие граждане СССР &lt;br/&gt; &#xA;  Бывшие советские люди (&lt;em&gt;более примитивный вариан&lt;/em&gt;т) &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Бывшие советские &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Граждане СНГ (&lt;em&gt;хотя СНГ существует больше на бумаге, чем в действительности&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Насколько мне известно, на русском стандартного термина не существует, возможно потому, что у самих бывших граждан СССР, в отличие от иностранцев, нет необходимости называть себя в третьем лице.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Совки&quot; это конечно оскорбительно, тем более, что не все бывшие граждане СССР соответствуют этому определению.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;И, пользуясь случаем, поправлю вашу грамматику и стилистику (наведите курсор для просмотра):&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote class=&quot;spoiler&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt; &lt;sup&gt;Как люд&lt;strike&gt;ей&lt;/strike&gt; из бывшего Союза называют&lt;strike&gt;сья&lt;/strike&gt; сейчас?&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;правильно либо&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote class=&quot;spoiler&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt; &lt;sup&gt;Как люд&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt; из бывшего Союза называют&lt;strong&gt;СЯ&lt;/strong&gt; сейчас?&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;либо&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote class=&quot;spoiler&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt; &lt;sup&gt;Как люд&lt;strong&gt;ЕЙ&lt;/strong&gt; из бывшего Союза называю&lt;strong&gt;Т&lt;/strong&gt; сейчас?&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote class=&quot;spoiler&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt; &lt;sup&gt;Фразу &quot;Люди из бывшего Советского Союза&quot; &lt;strong&gt;неу&lt;/strong&gt;добно использовать , когда&#xA; хотите назвать эту группу. Также, когда хотите &lt;strong&gt;назвать&lt;/strong&gt; одного&#xA; человека, котор&lt;strong&gt;ЫЙ&lt;/strong&gt; жил в Союзе, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;фраза&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;Человек из бывшего Союза&quot; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;звучит&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA; неуклюж&lt;strong&gt;Е&lt;/strong&gt;. Должно быть одно слово для этого. Мы с друз&lt;strong&gt;Ь&lt;/strong&gt;ям&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt; используем&#xA; слово &quot;совок,&quot; но это просто из-за того, что я начинал это слово так&#xA; использовать. Я знаю, что &quot;совок&quot; это человек, который верит в систему&#xA; коммунизма, и это слово не очень приличное. Но &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на мой взгляд&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;совок&quot;&#xA; звучит правильно, &lt;strong&gt;потому что&lt;/strong&gt; слово начинается &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;с сочетания букв, как в&#xA; слове&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;советский&quot;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;и имеет окончание существительного&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-14T16:34:28.190" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T16:34:28.190" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15514" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-14T09:16:08.717" Score="2" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've learned that when using &quot;&lt;em&gt;for&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, when meaning &quot;&lt;em&gt;benefit from&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, you would use &quot;&lt;em&gt;для&lt;/em&gt; + gen&quot;. But I've also just learned &quot;&lt;em&gt;на благо&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, meaning the same thing. Are they synonyms? How are they different? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10076" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-01-14T09:50:22.427" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T10:26:27.783" Title="&quot;for the benefit of&quot;, на благо vs для?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15514" CreationDate="2018-01-14T10:20:03.860" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Translation of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;for the benefit of&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;на благо/пользу&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;для/ради блага/пользы&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is more accurate than the simple &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;для&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, context is important, and so due to stylistic differences between the languages there could be cases where &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;для&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; would fit better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the difference in meaning is concerned, it's much the same as the difference between that of their English counterparts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Для&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; has a purely utilitarian purpose and meaning, denoting satisfaction of some type of need or requirement. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;На благо/пользу&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;для/ради блага/пользы&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; specifically stress the benefit expected from such satisfaction. And they sound rather solemn and exalted so to speak.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;The two mentioned phrases differ in the way they interact with their indirect object in a sentence. If you're interested in details, please put a note in the comments and i'll expand the answer.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-14T10:26:27.783" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T10:26:27.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15516" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15522" CreationDate="2018-01-14T11:35:04.830" Score="6" ViewCount="242" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хотя, полагаю, скромностью мы не отличаемся...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, you can use the phrase &quot;not exactly&quot; to humorously express the idea of &quot;far from&quot; or &quot;hardly&quot;, as in: &quot;we are not exactly {= far from} known for being modest&quot;. It's almost tantamount to saying: &quot;we're well-known for bragging about stuff&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way the sentence stands now, I suppose it does not convey this idea. I wonder how you should paraphrase it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-01-14T11:43:38.307" LastActivityDate="2018-01-15T18:48:57.840" Title="How to express the idea of &quot;not exactly&quot; humorously?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15516" CreationDate="2018-01-14T14:23:21.747" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Interesting, I never thought &lt;em&gt;hardly&lt;/em&gt; could take humorous modalities in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, English humour differs from the Russian one (as usually emotions among different languages do), and mild irony doesn't usually work in the latter. Here are some options in different registeres, from official/high and down to conversational;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Называть себя скромными было бы слишком/слишком нескромно.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Скромность нам чужда.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мы чураемся (своей/собственной) скромности.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Своей скромности мы стесняемся / Мы стесняемся собственной скромности.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нам стыдно, что мы такие скромные.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Извините за скромность.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Скромность - это не для нас / это не про нас.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (a cliche)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Скромность - это не наше.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Скромность - это лишнее.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (with a disapproving modality; usually said to a third person in a questioning modality, see also on 'we' / 'us' as a second person pronoun).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD: In my opinion, the most exact version of 'we are not exactly/far from known for being modest' would be &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Скромностью мы [определённо / точно] не славимся / не отличаемся.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (higher register / lower register)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2018-01-14T14:34:08.883" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T14:34:08.883" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14882" CreationDate="2018-01-14T14:30:09.820" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Considering the context of your presumably fantastic novel, where the character is addressing an alien life form, I guess the best option would be &lt;strong&gt;пидорасы&lt;/strong&gt; (lit. &lt;strong&gt;homos&lt;/strong&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;faggots&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But since you are writing about a female character, I think a recently developed feministic swearing &lt;strong&gt;хуемрази&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;ед. ч. &quot;хуемразь&quot;,&lt;/strong&gt; literally smth like 'dick-bastards' or 'dick-creatures') would do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, again, we don't know much about the races and sexes (if any) of her addressees--&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2018-01-14T14:48:16.350" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T14:48:16.350" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15516" CreationDate="2018-01-14T16:08:15.473" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not exactly humorous, but with irony and a modicum of smug&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хотя, полагаю, (что) мы не то чтобы уж &lt;code&gt;очень&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;чересчур&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;страшно&lt;/code&gt;* скромные&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Хотя, полагаю, (что) не такие уж мы (прям(о)) &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;все из себя&lt;/code&gt;* скромные&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;* alternatives&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These have a more closely related English equivalents, but for the collocation in question they will do as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-14T20:28:03.553" LastActivityDate="2018-01-14T20:28:03.553" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15516" CreationDate="2018-01-15T04:39:47.753" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it's &lt;em&gt;possible&lt;/em&gt; to deny 'exactness' in Russian, with a similar effect:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Скромность, полагаю, &lt;strong&gt;не вполне&lt;/strong&gt; нам свойственна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Скромность, полагаю, &lt;strong&gt;не главное&lt;/strong&gt; наше достоинство.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наша скромность, полагаю, &lt;strong&gt;не всегда&lt;/strong&gt; бывает заметна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Скромность, которой мы так славимся, я полагаю, нам &lt;strong&gt;не всегда&lt;/strong&gt; удаётся&#xA;  проявить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наше природное стремление к скромности, я бы сказал, &lt;strong&gt;не во всех&#xA;  случаях&lt;/strong&gt; достигает цели.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-01-15T04:39:47.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15516" CreationDate="2018-01-15T05:47:43.213" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think, the most literal and universal match would be &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;не особенно&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Мы, вообще-то, &lt;strong&gt;не особенно&lt;/strong&gt; скромные.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; - literally means &quot;we are not particularly modest&quot;, the implied meaning usually is &quot;not modest at all&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Learning Russian isn't exactly easy&quot; =&gt; &lt;em&gt;&quot;Русский язык &lt;strong&gt;не особенно&lt;/strong&gt; лёгок в изучении&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (literally &quot;not particularly but still kinda easy&quot;, but we probably meant to say &quot;not easy at all&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also &quot;[что-либо] &lt;strong&gt;не является сильной стороной&lt;/strong&gt; [чего-либо или кого-либо]&quot; or &quot;[что-либо] &lt;strong&gt;не является&lt;/strong&gt; [чьей-либо] &lt;strong&gt;сильной стороной&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Скромность &lt;strong&gt;не является&lt;/strong&gt; моей &lt;strong&gt;сильной стороной&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (literally &quot;not my strong side&quot;, the implied meaning is &quot;not present among my sides at all&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Комфорт водителя &lt;strong&gt;не является сильной стороной&lt;/strong&gt; трактора &quot;Беларусь&quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also use &quot;не относится к сильным сторонам&quot; instead:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Комфорт водителя &lt;strong&gt;не относится к сильным сторонам&lt;/strong&gt; трактора &quot;Беларусь&quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use that speaking about the Russian language, as in the example above, but the sentence gets really clumsy and somewhat unnatural: &quot;Лёгкость в изучении &lt;strong&gt;не является сильной стороной (не относится к сильным сторонам)&lt;/strong&gt; русского языка.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastEditorUserId="9118" LastEditDate="2018-01-15T11:21:21.133" LastActivityDate="2018-01-15T11:21:21.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15516" CreationDate="2018-01-15T06:17:39.113" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to show you the difference in translation of the same word and to prove that everything depends on the context. And there's no unique solution. You can analyse the following examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 Not exactly what I had in mind.&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Не совсем то&lt;/strong&gt;, что я имел в виду.  ☰&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.We are not exactly imbeciles in money matters.&#xA;Что касается денег, то мы &lt;strong&gt;не такие уж&lt;/strong&gt; дураки в этих делах.  ☰&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It's not exactly a cultural center like Paris.&#xA;Это место &lt;strong&gt;не назовёшь&lt;/strong&gt; культурным центром вроде Парижа.  ☰  ☰&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;He's not exactly a grub. &#xA;Он &lt;strong&gt;не особенно&lt;/strong&gt; корпит над учебниками.  ☰ ☰&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;We're not exactly driving fast. &#xA;Я &lt;strong&gt;бы не сказал&lt;/strong&gt;, что мы быстро едем.  ☰&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;She's not exactly a workaholic. &#xA;На работе она &lt;strong&gt;точно не&lt;/strong&gt; горит.  ☰&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Heavy metal is not exactly my bag. *&#xA;Тяжелый рок - это &lt;strong&gt;не для меня&lt;/strong&gt;.  ☰&#xA;☰&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I'm not exactly mad about this job. &#xA;Я &lt;strong&gt;не в восторге&lt;/strong&gt; от этой работы.  ☰&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;They're not exactly killing themselves. &#xA;Они &lt;strong&gt;не слишком&lt;/strong&gt; утруждают себя.  ☰&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;She's not exactly what you call stupid. &#xA;Я &lt;strong&gt;не хочу сказать, что&lt;/strong&gt; она глупа.  ☰&#xA;☰&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He's not exactly a jerk but comes close. &#xA;Он &lt;strong&gt;не то чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; дурак, но что-то в этом роде.  ☰&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your sentence, I would say &quot;Ну, от скромности мы не умрем...&quot;&#xA;It is translated &quot;We are not exactly to die from modesty...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-01-15T18:48:57.840" LastActivityDate="2018-01-15T18:48:57.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15512" CreationDate="2018-01-15T18:27:07.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть еще выражение &quot;Из республик&quot;, которое достаточно часто применяется к приезжим из бывшего СССР (но не России), причем переехавшим уже после распада СССР. Выражение это имеет немного пренебрежительную и даже унизительную окраску в отношении тех, к кому оно применяется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-01-15T18:27:07.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15524" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-15T20:47:16.433" Score="1" ViewCount="59" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте, I have begun to study Russian and I would like to know if these sentences are grammatically correct and naturally phrased?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Студе́нты посеща́ют шко́лу в оживлённом го́роде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мои́ носки́ лежа́т на полу́, потому́ что я сли́шком лени́в, что́бы забра́ть их.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еле́на в ста́ром кинотеа́тре; она́ смо́трит фильм «До́ктор Жива́го» со свои́м дру́гом, Катей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вчера́, он ду́мал об изуче́нии кита́йского языка́, но я сказа́л ему́ откла́дывать реше́ние до утра́, потому́ что я ду́маю э́то сли́шком сло́жный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10122" LastActivityDate="2018-01-15T20:47:16.433" Title="Are these sentences phrased correctly?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-01-15T20:47:47.663" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15525" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15526" CreationDate="2018-01-16T07:33:48.307" Score="5" ViewCount="346" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И речи быть не может.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that this phrase as a whole means &amp;quot;it's out of the question&amp;quot;, but its sentence construction has me puzzled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q1. Does this separated phrase &amp;quot;быть ... может&amp;quot; come from &amp;quot;может быть / perhaps&amp;quot;? If so, why this word order?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q2. Does this Russian sentence literally translate as &amp;quot;And discussions, not maybe&amp;quot;? And does it somehow have the meaning of &amp;quot;out of the question&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Об охоте &lt;strong&gt;не может быть и речи&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;О переходе &lt;strong&gt;не может быть и речи&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q3. I assume these two sentences mean &amp;quot;About something, it's out of the question&amp;quot;, and I wonder they are the more standard word order of this expression? But still, I cannot figure out why the literal translation &amp;quot;Not maybe and discussions&amp;quot; is to be interpreted as &amp;quot;out of the question&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T19:21:14.870" Title="How to parse the expression &quot;И речи быть не может&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15525" CreationDate="2018-01-16T08:11:01.150" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;A1. Both &quot;быть может&quot; and &quot;может быть&quot; indeed mean 'perhaps/maybe', although those phrases are completely unrelated to &quot;и речи быть не может&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A2. The phrase does mean &lt;em&gt;'smth. is out of the question'&lt;/em&gt;. The literal translation would sound Yoda-style: '(About smth,) talk can there not be' :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A3. &quot;И речи быть не может&quot;, with the stress placed on &quot;речи&quot;, sounds somewhat more categorical than &quot;не может быть и речи&quot;, although the latter is strong as well. The emotional difference between the two can be approximated as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Об охоте не может быть и речи&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;Hunting is out of the question.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Об охоте и речи быть не может&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;Under no circumstances can hunting be considered&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, you'll mostly encounter &quot;И речи быть не может!&quot; as a standalone exclamation, answering an earlier question or suggestion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Папа, я возьму твою скрипку?&#xA; - И речи быть не может!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastActivityDate="2018-01-16T08:11:01.150" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15525" CreationDate="2018-01-16T09:03:27.273" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Q1. Russian has 2 expressions &quot;и речи быть не может&quot; and &quot;не может быть и речи&quot; which means the same thing and they are interchangeable. &quot;быть ... может&quot; and &quot;может быть&quot; are the same, but in a different word order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q2. &quot;Быть ... может&quot; and &quot;может быть&quot; in this situation means not &quot;perhaps&quot;, but &quot;possibility /probability of event/action/condition will be fulfilled&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Гончие заболели, поэтому об охоте &lt;strong&gt;не может быть и речи&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;О переходе через перевал &lt;strong&gt;не может быть и речи&lt;/strong&gt;. Ночью выпало много снега.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q3. &quot;Не может быть и речи&quot; is a historically formed form of expression. More often it means &quot;impossible&quot;. Literally the expression means that it's pointless to start talk because it's impossible (too difficult or forbidden) to perform action/condition and this will be meaningless talk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Sorry for my bad English.&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;Вопрос 1. В русском языке встречаются выражения &quot;и речи быть не может&quot; и &quot;не может быть и речи&quot;. Они взаимозаменяемые и означают одно и то же. &quot;быть ... может&quot; и &quot;может быть&quot;- это одно и тоже, просто изменён порядок слов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос 2. &quot;Быть может&quot; и &quot;может быть&quot;, в данном случае, имеют значение не &quot;perhaps&quot;, а &quot;возможность/вероятность того, что какое-то событие/действие/условие выполнится&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Гончие заболели, поэтому об охоте &lt;strong&gt;не может быть и речи&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;О переходе через перевал &lt;strong&gt;не может быть и речи&lt;/strong&gt;. Ночью выпало много снега.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос 3. &quot;Не может быть и речи&quot; - это исторически сложившаяся форма выражения. Чаще всего это выражение имеет смысл, слова &quot;невозможно (impossible(too difficult or forbidden))&quot;. Если разбирать выражение дословно, то оно значит, что &quot;не имеет даже смысла начинать разговор, о чём-то, потому что выполнить действие/условие невозможно/(слишком сложно) и об этом бессмысленно говорить&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10125" LastEditorUserId="10125" LastEditDate="2018-01-16T10:07:43.670" LastActivityDate="2018-01-16T10:07:43.670" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15525" CreationDate="2018-01-16T10:23:55.787" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, &lt;code&gt;и речи быть не может&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;не может быть и речи&lt;/code&gt; is an idiom. It means &quot;out of question&quot;. See more &lt;a href=&quot;http://context.reverso.net/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What follows is an attempt to parse this idiom and explain why did it get this meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In such sentences, initial &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; does NOT mean &quot;and&quot;.  Being synonymous with &lt;code&gt;даже&lt;/code&gt;, it makes &quot;не&quot; very strong.  Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;И слушать не хочу! - I don't even want to listen!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;И спрашивать не буду!  I am not even going to ask!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The structure of such sentences is &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; + verb or verb phrase in indefinite + &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt; + хочу/буду/желаю/собираюсь/намерен etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Может быть&quot; means possibility. &quot;Не может быть&quot;, therefore, means impossibility. For example, the title &lt;em&gt;The World That Couldn't Be&lt;/em&gt; (a sci-fi short story by Clifford Simak) had been translated as &lt;em&gt;Мир, которого не может быть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Быть не может&lt;/code&gt; is similar to &lt;code&gt;не может быть&lt;/code&gt;, but stronger. As is common in Russian, the order of words is changed to emphasize the last word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Речь&lt;/code&gt;, in this expression, is used in it's old meaning of &quot;talking&quot;. Today речь word is not used in this meaning, except for this specific expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Together, this translates to &quot;I am not going even to discuss this&quot; or &quot;even to discuss this is absolutely impossible&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2018-01-16T15:26:50.630" LastActivityDate="2018-01-16T15:26:50.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15525" CreationDate="2018-01-16T10:42:52.700" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Literally&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;об этом не может быть и речи&lt;/strong&gt; translates as '&lt;strong&gt;it even cannot be spoken of&lt;/strong&gt; [&lt;em&gt;not to say about doing it&lt;/em&gt;]' (&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; works like '&lt;strong&gt;even&lt;/strong&gt;' here). The phrase denies the slightest possibility of doing something and thus expresses a strong &lt;strong&gt;refusal&lt;/strong&gt;. In your example sentences, it works like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Not only shall not we go hunting,) it [&lt;em&gt;hunting&lt;/em&gt;] even cannot be&#xA;  discussed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Not only shall not he cross the highway here,) it [his &lt;em&gt;crossing here&lt;/em&gt;]&#xA;  even cannot be discussed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-01-16T13:01:39.960" LastActivityDate="2018-01-16T13:01:39.960" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15530" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15537" CreationDate="2018-01-16T20:39:58.433" Score="5" ViewCount="1452" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without being given a specific context, can one tell the difference between &quot;Я хочу&quot; and &quot;Мне хочется&quot;? I have already seen &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/11290/%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C-versus-impersonal-%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;, but it didn't answer mine, which is more about a general distinction between both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make my question more precise, I have been told by some Russian friends that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Я хочу&quot; is used to express a strong desire for something concrete and real, which will most probably be fulfilled in the near future&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Мне хочется&quot; is used to express a wish, something that one would like to happen but not necessarily in the near future&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there anything (dictionary, book, etc.) backing my friends' feeling/theory?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If this feeling/theory is right, then what would be the difference between &quot;Мне хочется&quot; and &quot;Я хотел бы&quot;?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7894" LastEditorUserId="7894" LastEditDate="2018-01-16T21:53:32.317" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T03:07:54.007" Title="Difference between &quot;Я хочу&quot; and &quot;Мне хочется&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15530" CreationDate="2018-01-16T20:45:13.063" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мне хочется&lt;/code&gt; usually means that you're not doing whatever you're wanting in near future (but invite everybody else to help you with fulfilling the wish in question)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я хочу пойти погулять&lt;/code&gt; - I want to go for a walk, and probably already putting hat on&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мне хочется пойти погулять&lt;/code&gt; - I would like to go for a walk, but something prevents it right now - maybe something I need to do before, maybe somebody doesn't let me to, maybe there's some objective reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я хотел бы погулять&lt;/code&gt; - Someone is preventing it right now, but their verdict can be appealed, and that's what you are doing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="310" LastEditDate="2018-01-17T17:47:52.383" LastActivityDate="2018-01-17T17:47:52.383" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15532" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15534" CreationDate="2018-01-16T21:01:01.207" Score="4" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;сумею&lt;/strong&gt; о себе позаботиться. --- {суметь}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но нет ничего такого, с чем мы не &lt;strong&gt;смогли&lt;/strong&gt; бы справиться, да? --- {смочь}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that both &amp;quot;суметь + infinitive&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;смочь  + infinitive&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;be able to do something&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;manage to do something&amp;quot;, but I wonder if they are simply interchangeable in the two sentences above? Or do they carry nuances?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-17T10:21:29.743" Title="How does &quot;суметь + infinitive&quot; differ in usage from &quot;смочь + infinitive&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15530" CreationDate="2018-01-16T21:05:35.800" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You certainly weren't misled by your Russian friends, the difference is in urgency.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мне хочется&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be translated as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;I have a wish/desire&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я хочу&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;I want/wish/desire&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я хотел бы&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;I would like (to)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope I get the connotations of these English phrases right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To my ear the difference between &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мне хочется&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я хотел бы&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is in register with the latter being of a higher one, which is the case for conjunctive in English as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мне хотелось бы&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which is largely identical in meaning to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я хотел бы&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (with slightly lesser urgency) but still more refined in register as it sounds less egotistic and passionate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-17T14:20:24.450" LastActivityDate="2018-01-17T14:20:24.450" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15532" CreationDate="2018-01-16T21:14:50.047" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;By and large they're interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One slight difference they may have is in that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;я сумею&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; implies ability exercised  in spite of any obstacles or adverse circumstances, it has a resilience undertone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;я смогу&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; just indicates general ability without going into any further specifics as to the mode of exercising it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-17T08:29:56.600" LastActivityDate="2018-01-17T08:29:56.600" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15537" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15530" CreationDate="2018-01-17T00:17:23.420" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although all the previous answers are correct I would like (мне хочется) to bring closer attention to the following difference of these two phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне хочется - means that the person saying this phrase does not fully take responsibility for this desire. For example, physiological needs: мне хочется есть, пить, спать ... (can be translated to English as 'I want to eat/drink/sleep' but also can be translated, at least for 'eat', 'I feel like something' (usually said with the gesture of hand rotating around the tummy). It can be not physiological too. For example, &quot;Мне хочется верить, что это не так.&quot; - I almost have to/made to want to believe that this is not the case. It is not your choice, there is an urge, which is difficult to resist. I guess a good translation for мне хочется in English would be feel impulse. But хочется is weaker than impulse. Impulse = сильно хочется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я хочу - usually implies conscious desire to which you commit. Я хочу научиться играть на флейте. (I want to learn how to play flute) - expresses kind of your commitment to learn playing flute in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я хочу - is a more generic expression. It also can be used for physiological needs. When you say &quot;я хочу&quot; you do not specify whether you want it automatically or by your own choice.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If somebody is a foreigner and does not know the nuances of language, they can say the generic phrase &quot;я хочу&quot; in all above situations and they will be understood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is one of the examples where it kind of 'beats me' that such a basic phrase in Russian needs long explanation in English. :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я хотел бы - is more straightforward case. It is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;сослагательное (aka условное) наклонение&lt;/a&gt; in Russian, which is more or less directly corresponds to English &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_mood#English&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;conditional mood&lt;/a&gt;. In Russian it is formed by adding particle &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt; to the verb in past tense: хотел бы, сделали бы. In English - by adding &lt;em&gt;would&lt;/em&gt; in front of &lt;em&gt;bare infinitive&lt;/em&gt;: would want, would do. The meaning is similar in both languages: the action of the verb will take place only, if some conditions are fulfilled. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also: &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;would&lt;/em&gt; in both languages are used for softening the statement. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;See here (in Russian)&lt;/a&gt;). Direct translation of 'я хотел бы' would be 'I would want' but 'I would like' is more commonly used. &#xA;Я хочу открыть окно. I want to open the window. (When you ask it in a room with other guy sitting close to the window) would sound more blunt than я хотел бы открыть окно. I would like to open the window (assuming the continuation &lt;em&gt;if you do not mind&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2018-01-18T03:07:54.007" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T03:07:54.007" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15532" CreationDate="2018-01-17T10:21:29.743" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, the primary difference is not about 'resiliance VS general ability' but rather between &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;суметь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as 'repeating actions' (iterative) VS &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;смочь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as momentary action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of Russian prefixes usually make a perfective form, which can be iterative or momentary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Semantically, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;суметь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; comes from &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;уметь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - 'to know how to' - and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;смочь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; goes back to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;мочь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (may &amp;amp;/or can); therefore it's possible to say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я смогу дойти.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я смогу ходить.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я смогу гулять.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я смогу погулять.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я смогу прогуляться.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but not (or possible just under some specific circumstances) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я сумею дойти.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я сумею ходить.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я сумею гулять.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я сумею погулять.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я сумею пpогуляться.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason is that verbs like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;жить, ходить, играть, дышать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;гулять&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and most of their prefixised forms have habitual connotations, which don't quite get along well with iterative infinitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2018-01-17T10:21:29.743" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15539" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15541" CreationDate="2018-01-17T10:33:47.717" Score="8" ViewCount="349" Body="&lt;p&gt;My learning book for Russian gives the two following example sentences about conditional:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он сказал бы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы бы хотели&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: can we put interchangeably &quot;бы&quot; before or after the verb it &quot;qualifies&quot;? Is the meaning anyhow affected by the position of &quot;бы&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7894" LastActivityDate="2018-02-02T23:24:40.923" Title="Position of &quot;бы&quot; when forming conditional" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15539" CreationDate="2018-01-17T11:14:05.910" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most often the particle &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; takes either the second place in the sentence, or the place after the predicate. More info: &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5#31&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rusgram.ru (in Russian)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The meaning isn't affected by the position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2018-01-17T11:14:05.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15539" CreationDate="2018-01-17T11:14:19.110" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;can we put interchangeably &quot;бы&quot; before or after the verb it &quot;qualifies&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, except:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the reduced form &quot;&lt;strong&gt;б&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; cannot follow a consonant, so, in particular, it cannot stand after a verb in the masculine form, i.e. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Я&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;б&lt;/strong&gt; сказал...&quot; is right, while &quot;Я сказа&lt;strong&gt;л&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;б&lt;/strong&gt;...&quot; is wrong (however, &quot;Я сказал&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;б&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is still OK);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitic#Enclitic&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;enclitic&lt;/a&gt;, so it must always follow &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; word; in particular, this leaves only a single option if a subject is omitted, or if using the reverse word order: &quot;Сказал бы я...&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is the meaning anyhow affected by the position of &quot;бы&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, it's an arbitrary choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-01-17T14:21:05.507" LastActivityDate="2018-01-17T14:21:05.507" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15542" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-17T18:34:19.663" Score="2" ViewCount="930" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does &quot;delovaya kolbasa&quot; mean in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10132" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-01-17T19:44:08.220" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T18:48:39.280" Title="Delovaya kolbasa" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15543" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-17T18:54:33.717" Score="6" ViewCount="596" Body="&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that the general rule regarding the pronunciation of &quot;a&quot; in Russian is that it is pronounced [a] (IPA notation). However, in certain cases, it can be pronounced as &quot;и&quot;, for example in &quot;Чапыгин&quot; or &quot;Чапаева&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is the following: &lt;em&gt;does a rule exist about &quot;a&quot; being pronounced as &quot;и&quot;? If not, is there a list of words in which this is the case?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7894" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T11:50:12.977" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T11:58:47.657" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;a&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;vowel-reduction&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15542" CreationDate="2018-01-17T19:30:14.450" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is &lt;strong&gt;&quot;delavaya kalbasa&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; literally &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;a busy sausage&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; tells it's an ironic designation for a person who's always busy with something, who's demonstrably busy, the Web indicates that it could also be a businessman/woman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jNmRK.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jNmRK.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-01-17T19:30:14.450" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15543" CreationDate="2018-01-17T19:30:31.900" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's start with a small exercise. Say slowly, for instance, &lt;code&gt;Чапаев&lt;/code&gt;, then &lt;code&gt;Чипаев&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Чепаев&lt;/code&gt;, then &lt;code&gt;Чупаев&lt;/code&gt;, at last, say, &lt;code&gt;Чопаев&lt;/code&gt;. Now say all these words again but quickly, like, very quickly - but actually casual speech can be very quick. See, the difference has gone, they all sound practically the same. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phenomenon you've encountered (of vowels becoming almost indistinguishable from each other when pronounced quickly) is called vowel reduction and the vowel you have here is called an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra-short&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;extra-short vowel&lt;/a&gt; and in some form it is a thing in many (but not all) languages. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a quote from a &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian article on extra-short vowels&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В русском языке есть два вида сверхкратких гласных:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Появились «из ниоткуда» на стыке большого количества согласных, чтобы    это сочетание можно было удобнее произнести: «Мистер Твистер&#xA;  / Бывший    минист(ъ)р…» (Самуил Маршак, знаком (ъ) отмечена явно&#xA;  прописанная в    стихотворном размере редуцированная).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Уменьшились из обычной безударной гласной — так, слово красота при    определённом произношении редуцируется до &lt;code&gt;красъта&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your question falls into case #2. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="6187" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T11:58:47.657" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T11:58:47.657" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15546" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15543" CreationDate="2018-01-17T19:46:50.383" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the rule exists and dictates that any vowel except for [у] that follows a soft consonant in an unstressed position is reduced to something between [э] and [и]:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;часы́ [чисы]&#xA;яйцо́ [йийцо]&#xA;ле́чо [лече]&#xA;река́ [рика]&#xA;счастли́вый [щисливый]&#xA;её   [йийо]&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: М.В. Пано́в. Ру́сская фоне́тика &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, this makes the words чистота́ (cleanliness) and частота́ (frequency) homophones while the respective adjectives чи́стый (clean) and ча́стый (frequent) have distinct pronunciations because the &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; in ча́стый is stressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian [й], [ч] and [щ] are always soft. Other consonants are soft if followed by я, е, ё, и, ю, or ь.  For the purposes of applying this rule we can ignore и (because it becomes a weak и but still an и), ю (because it gives the sound [у] which is an exception) and ь because its not a vowel. So practicality speaking we should be looking out for words containing unstressed я and е, including those at the beginning of a word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The letter ё is almost always stressed. It can be unstressed in compound words e.g. трёхмерный (three-dimensional) which &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; be said without a secondary stress in which case the rule in question will apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-01-18T08:50:40.277" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T08:50:40.277" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15542" CreationDate="2018-01-17T19:59:32.943" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;While the answer provided is absolutely correct, it's not necessarily about somebody being pretentiously busy. &quot;Деловая колбаса&quot; can be applicable in many circumstances and is a rough equivalent of &quot;you are such a clever/smart guy/ass&quot; said ironically. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, a daughter can suggest to her father to leave her all the candies in exchange for butter and her father can say: &quot;Ну ты и деловая колбаса&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2018-01-18T18:48:39.280" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T18:48:39.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15539" CreationDate="2018-01-17T22:04:25.793" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning varies slightly depending on both intonation and position of the particle. The nuances are however not perceived by native speakers themselves. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By and large, the enclitic put into hierachial commentary on the sentence topic places the following part of the sentence into conditional modality, e. g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он сказал бы.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (a conditional ellipsis with a reference to smth said earlier).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он бы сказал.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (an emphasis on conditionality of the action).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сказал бы он.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (the actor emphasised).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сказал он бы.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (an ellipsis / incomplete phrase).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мы бы хотели.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (the action is emphasised as conditional).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мы хотели бы.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (an ellipsis / incomplete phrase).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Хотели бы мы.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (the actors are emphasised).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Хотели мы бы.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (an ellipsis / incomplete phrase).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a final position, the particle can provide conditional modality for the preceding phrase as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2018-01-17T22:04:25.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15549" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15551" CreationDate="2018-01-18T04:31:38.660" Score="2" ViewCount="134" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Стало &lt;strong&gt;понятно&lt;/strong&gt;, что ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that when the verb &quot;стать&quot; is used in the sense of &quot;become ...&quot;,  the instrumental case follows. According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiki&lt;/a&gt;, however,  the instrumental case of the adjective &quot;понятный&quot; is listed as &quot;поня́тным&quot;, and &quot;понятно&quot; seems to be its shortened form, whatever its case is. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I wonder if this shortened form &quot;понятно&quot; applies to all cases of the adjective &quot;понятный&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And is it more common to use &quot;понятно&quot; than &quot;поня́тным&quot;  in conversation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-18T10:08:30.717" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T10:08:30.717" Title="What is the case of the shortened adjective &quot;понятно&quot; in &quot;Стало понятно, что ...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;&lt;impersonal&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15549" CreationDate="2018-01-18T06:46:38.313" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Понятно&lt;/strong&gt; is either a shortened form of adjective or an adverb (there is support for both theories), but neither adverbs nor shortened adjectives have cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Стало понятным&lt;/strong&gt; is rarely used in everyday speech, but it is a valid expression and you may find it in written texts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T06:46:38.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15551" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15549" CreationDate="2018-01-18T07:11:35.950" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not a shortened adjective here, this is an adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually adverbs like this are conveyed using adjectives or &quot;to feel + adv.&quot; in English (&lt;em&gt;ему одиноко&lt;/em&gt; &quot;he's feeling lonely&quot;, &lt;em&gt;ему холодно&lt;/em&gt; &quot;he's cold&quot;) etc., however English does not have a passive version of &quot;to understand&quot;, so it might not indeed be obvious that &lt;em&gt;понятно&lt;/em&gt; here is an adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adverbs with close meanings, like &lt;em&gt;стало ясно&lt;/em&gt; &quot;it became clear&quot;, &lt;em&gt;стало очевидно&lt;/em&gt; &quot;it became obvious&quot; etc. might make this pattern more clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;em&gt;понятно&lt;/em&gt; here is an adverb, and as an adverb it does not decline or agree in number and gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are similar constructs, where &lt;em&gt;понятно&lt;/em&gt; is a true adjective: &lt;em&gt;математика стала ему понятной (понятна)&lt;/em&gt;. Here, the full form adjective is in instrumental and the short form one is in nominative, and they both agree in gender with the noun they define.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T07:11:35.950" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15549" CreationDate="2018-01-18T07:46:32.223" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;понятно&quot; in your example is called &quot;категория состояния&quot;(category of state).It's a certain word class, which has similar semantic, syntactic and morphological qualities. The main of them are : 1. In the sentence it functions as an impersonal predicate. 2. The meaning isn't an action, but a state. 3.It doesn't change (no gender, no case,etc.) 4. And in the form it looks like a noun, an adjective or an adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Грустно и тяжело&lt;/strong&gt; было видеть ее в столь нелегком положении.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verbs &quot;делаться, становиться, стать, быть&quot; show us that this is &quot;категория состояния&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда я ее слушал, мне становилось грустно; Мне сделалось неловко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such words don't modify (don't belong to) any other word class.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1.Она глядела &lt;strong&gt;грустно&lt;/strong&gt; (an adverb –здесь наречие определяет глагол). 2. Лицо девушки было &lt;strong&gt;грустно&lt;/strong&gt;  (a short adjective, can also be &quot;грустным&quot;-- в данном случае краткое прилагательное определяет существительное)  3.Девушке было &lt;strong&gt;грустно&lt;/strong&gt; (category of state категория состояния)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can read more here:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/12826/%d0%9d%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%87%d0%b8%d0%b5-%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%b8-%d0%ba%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%8f-%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0&quot;&gt;Наречие или краткая форма&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/13291/what-part-of-speech-is-%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%b7%d1%8f/13296?s=2|17.6329#13296&quot;&gt;What part of speech is &amp;quot;нельзя&amp;quot;?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T07:46:32.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15553" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15554" CreationDate="2018-01-18T07:49:40.703" Score="3" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to my Russian learning book, short adjectives are formed by taking the root of the adjective and adding:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-ø for male (null ending)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-a for female&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-o for neutral&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, the adjective &lt;em&gt;красивый, -ая, -ое&lt;/em&gt; will give the following three short adjectives: &lt;em&gt;красив, красива, красиво&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My book also mentions that short adjectives are often used after &lt;em&gt;так&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;как&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is:&lt;/strong&gt; in the expression &lt;em&gt;Как хорошо!&lt;/em&gt;, what is the word class of the word &lt;em&gt;хорошо&lt;/em&gt;, and why? I’ve heard many times that it is an adverb in this case, but what I see in my learning book would lead me to say that it’s a short adjective (also because one can say &lt;em&gt;Какой хороший&lt;/em&gt;, which is then the long form).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7894" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-18T10:08:52.507" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T14:04:56.650" Title="Word class of “хорошо” in “Как хорошо”" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;&lt;impersonal&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15553" CreationDate="2018-01-18T08:25:11.070" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как хорошо!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is an impersonal (subjectless) sentence and the role of &lt;code&gt;хорошо&lt;/code&gt; is indeed adverbial, it answers the question &lt;code&gt;how?&lt;/code&gt; and not &lt;code&gt;which?&lt;/code&gt;. But predicates in these sentences do assume neuter gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other examples&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На улице &lt;code&gt;темно&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;It&lt;/strong&gt;'s dark outside&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Было &lt;code&gt;интересно&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;It&lt;/strong&gt; was interesting&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Вчера &lt;code&gt;похолодало&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;It&lt;/strong&gt; got colder yesterday&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Проводить время одному &lt;code&gt;скучно&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;It&lt;/strong&gt;'s boring to spend time alone&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Крышу &lt;code&gt;сорвало&lt;/code&gt; ветром - The roof got torn off with the wind&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ему &lt;code&gt;стало&lt;/code&gt; легче - He got/felt better&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-25T14:04:56.650" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T14:04:56.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15549" CreationDate="2018-01-18T09:52:20.927" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Понятно&quot; is translated as &lt;em&gt;understandabe&lt;/em&gt;, so &lt;em&gt;стало понятно&lt;/em&gt; is simply '[It] became understandable'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T09:52:20.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15553" CreationDate="2018-01-18T15:02:18.733" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depending on context &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;хорошо&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; may be an adverb and a short adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's an adverb describing conditions or states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;как хорошо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;мне хорошо - I feel good&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;на улице стало хорошо - it (the weather) became good/nice outside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a short adjective when describing objects and other things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вино хорошо - wine is good&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Представление было хорошо - the presentation/performacne was good&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Honestly speaking, &amp;quot;хороший&amp;quot; is used not very often in its short form so both examples don't sound really natural.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T15:02:18.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15557" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15559" CreationDate="2018-01-18T17:08:40.173" Score="4" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the best translation for &quot;revision&quot; or &quot;review&quot; (of material for exams) in Russian? Google Translate offers &quot;пересмотр&quot; but I thought it might be &quot;повторение&quot; -- I saw that word as a section heading in a textbook.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5468" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-01-18T17:29:46.150" LastActivityDate="2018-03-22T09:40:03.947" Title="How to say &quot;revision&quot; (for exams) in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15557" CreationDate="2018-01-18T17:39:16.057" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The total process is named &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;подготовка к экзаменам&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and can be done either by a student or by a teacher, or by the both parties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;повторение&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What a student does alone repeating everything possible in a nearly mad state of mind is called &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;зубрёжка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The tiny creatively designed things used to bring what remained outside of the student's memory with an object of secret and occasional peeping to write it down during a test  are usually called &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;шпаргалки&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (AKA &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;шпоры&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, plural nominative).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastEditorUserId="1262" LastEditDate="2018-01-19T06:54:14.787" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T06:54:14.787" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15525" CreationDate="2018-01-18T19:21:14.870" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a word-for-word translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;      Не может быть и    речи    об    этом&#xA;&#xA;There may  not be   even talking about it&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This should answer Q1 and Q2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q3: the word order is not important. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-01-18T19:21:14.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15561" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15562" CreationDate="2018-01-19T17:24:31.907" Score="4" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard &quot;в бошке&quot; during a singing class, one was referring to the head, or a part of it. What does it exactly mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10140" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T11:21:20.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T11:21:20.260" Title="What does &quot;башо́к&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15562" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15561" CreationDate="2018-01-19T17:30:41.357" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The plural form of word &lt;code&gt;башка&lt;/code&gt; (head [&lt;em&gt;slang&lt;/em&gt;]) is &lt;code&gt;бошки&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;башки&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In genitive it becomes &lt;code&gt;бошек&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;башок&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;башка&lt;/code&gt; has a Turkic root &lt;code&gt;баш&lt;/code&gt; that means a head.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I don't know any other meanings of this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-01-19T19:00:48.430" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T19:00:48.430" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15561" CreationDate="2018-01-19T18:34:07.740" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dmitry is right, in Russian this is the meaning. But it's rude and offensive. Its disdainful connotations are particularly pronounced in its plural form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word originates from Turkic languages where the origin word incidentally also means &lt;code&gt;a head&lt;/code&gt; both as a body part and as a chief (person).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the context of drugs usage &lt;code&gt;башка/бошка&lt;/code&gt; is a slang name for cannabis female flower &lt;strong&gt;head&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-19T21:08:18.833" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T21:08:18.833" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15557" CreationDate="2018-01-19T20:33:24.007" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Пересмотр has a different meaning with the notion of changing mind on something. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9863" LastActivityDate="2018-01-19T20:33:24.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15561" CreationDate="2018-01-20T07:22:38.550" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Except for what Dmitry wrote, the word &lt;code&gt;бошка&lt;/code&gt; also exists in the drug slang. It means &quot;готовая к употреблению шишка конопли&quot; (cannabis bump ready to use) or &quot;семенная коробочка опийного мака&quot; (boll poppy).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2018-01-20T07:30:18.583" LastActivityDate="2018-01-20T07:30:18.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15566" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15568" CreationDate="2018-01-20T08:09:43.260" Score="2" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не за &lt;strong&gt;тем&lt;/strong&gt; я ... , чтобы ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this construction, &quot;тем&quot; is used as a kind of placeholder word for the clause &quot;чтобы ...&quot;, correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The description in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%B0#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiki&lt;/a&gt; seems to suggest that the preposition &quot;за&quot; used in the sense of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;for&lt;/strong&gt; (the purpose of)&quot; takes the accusative case, not the instrumental case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I wonder why you need to use the instrumental &quot;&lt;strong&gt;тем&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; here instead of the accusative &quot;&lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, when the intended meaning of &quot;за&quot; is clearly &quot;for&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T11:48:03.337" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T11:48:03.337" Title="Why use the instrumental &quot;тем&quot;, not the accusative &quot;то&quot; in &quot;Не за тем я ... , чтобы ...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15566" CreationDate="2018-01-20T09:04:29.293" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не затем, чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; (не за тем, чтобы) is a conjunction,colloquial or old-fashioned, meaning &lt;strong&gt;not with the purpose of&lt;/strong&gt; (synonym of не для того, чтобы )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он рассказывал об этом не затем (не для того), чтобы вызвать в нас простое любопытство.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не затем величал я себя паладином,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не затем ведь и ты приходила ко мне,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чтобы только рыдать над потухшим камином,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чтобы только плясать при умершем огне!&#xA;(Блок А.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way,  if you mean a preposition plus a pronoun,&#xA;the preposition за can be used with the accusative and the instrumental as well. See the table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;с родительным падежом – без, вокруг, для, из, от, у, с;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;с дательным падежом – к, благодаря, согласно, вопреки, наперекор, навстречу, по;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;с винительным падежом – сквозь, про, несмотря, через, в, на, под, &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;с творительным падежом – над, перед, между, &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;, под, с;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;с предложным падежом – о, при, в, на.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Formally, затем, чтобы should be written like this, for separate writing there's another conjunction &lt;strong&gt;с тем, чтобы&lt;/strong&gt;, but in reality ruscorpora has lots of examples with a &amp;quot;не за тем, чтобы.&amp;quot; Затем, чтобы (за тем, чтобы) means purpose, за то, что means reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-21T15:54:00.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15566" CreationDate="2018-01-20T16:01:52.427" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;За&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + Instumental (besides other uses) satisfies purpose and is used to convey meaning of getting something (overlooked in the Wiktionary article)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я ходил &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; хлеб&lt;strong&gt;ом&lt;/strong&gt; - I went to buy some bread&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я два часа простоял в очереди &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; билет&lt;strong&gt;ами&lt;/strong&gt; - I spent two hours in a line to get tickets&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В очереди &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; билет&lt;strong&gt;ами&lt;/strong&gt; я стоял &lt;code&gt;за пожилой женщиной&lt;/code&gt; - In the line for tickets I was behind an old lady&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;затем..., чтобы.../затем, чтобы...&lt;/code&gt; answers the question &lt;code&gt;зачем?&lt;/code&gt; and is a construction for adverbial adjunct of purpose&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не затем&lt;/strong&gt; я 10 лет учился, &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; работать за гроши / Я 10 лет учился &lt;strong&gt;не затем, чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; работать за гроши - I've spent 10&#xA;  years studying not in order to work for peanuts / I didn't spend 10 years studying just to be working for peanuts&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;За&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + Accusative (besides other uses) satisfies reason (also overlooked in the Wiktionary article)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;за то..., что.../за то, что ...&lt;/code&gt; answers the question &lt;code&gt;за что?&lt;/code&gt; and is a construction for adverbial adjunct of reason&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не за то&lt;/strong&gt;, я тебя люблю, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; ты красива, а за то, что умна / Я тебя люблю &lt;strong&gt;не за то, что&lt;/strong&gt; ты красива, а за то, что умна - It's not your beauty which i love you for, but your intelligence / I love you not because you're beautiful, but because you're intelligent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T11:45:10.223" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T11:45:10.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15569" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-20T16:22:00.347" Score="3" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to translate some applied linguistic (and others uncommon) words from Italian to Russian which I didn't find on Internet: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pragmatic annotation&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Elicited&lt;/em&gt; from this phrase &quot;&lt;em&gt;We have chosen to analyze the questioning strategy by comparing the data of two types of task oriented dialogues. The first one is &lt;strong&gt;elicited&lt;/strong&gt; through the &quot;Map Task&quot; technique and another with the &quot;Difference test&quot; technique.&lt;/em&gt;&quot; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;elicited&lt;/strong&gt; means extraction of the dialogue (with one of the two techniques)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;idiosyncratic&lt;/em&gt; from this phrase: &lt;em&gt;&quot;Each of us adopts strategies based on &lt;strong&gt;idiosyncratic&lt;/strong&gt; characteristics and on the basis of social, cultural and situational factors.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;idiosyncratic&lt;/strong&gt; : The term can also be applied to symbols or words. Idiosyncratic symbols mean one thing for a particular person, as a blade could mean war, but to someone else, it could symbolize a surgery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks to those who will answer me&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10143" LastActivityDate="2018-01-20T17:27:49.727" Title="Translating linguistic terminology into Russian" Tags="&lt;терминология&gt;&lt;лингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15569" CreationDate="2018-01-20T16:53:17.567" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pragmatic annotation = Прагматическая аннотация&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Data elicited through... = Данные, полученные посредством... (followed by Genitive)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;idiosyncratic = &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;идиосинкратический&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-01-20T16:53:17.567" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15569" CreationDate="2018-01-20T17:27:49.727" Score="0" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since 'annotation' &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2014/summaries/323.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;refers to&lt;/a&gt; 'a pragmatic meaning in spoken text', and since '' is usually used in Russian academic language as a term for 'summary', I believe the terms '&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;прагматическая атрибуция&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;' or '&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;прагматическая дистрибуция&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;' would work better.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this context the word &lt;em&gt;elicited&lt;/em&gt; can also be rendered by a noun &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;выдержка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, e. g. 'The first one is elicited through the... ' = &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Первое - выдержка, полученная посредством&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2018-01-20T17:27:49.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15575" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15579" CreationDate="2018-01-21T13:10:21.997" Score="3" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ммм... &lt;strong&gt;пожалуй&lt;/strong&gt;, я продолжу делать то, что хочу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if &amp;quot;пожалуй&amp;quot; means more than just &amp;quot;perhaps&amp;quot; and conveys a sense of reluctance, as in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm gonna keep doing what I love, &lt;strong&gt;I guess&lt;/strong&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{or}: &lt;strong&gt;Well, I might as well&lt;/strong&gt; keep doing what I love.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T15:02:51.047" Title="Does &quot;пожалуй&quot; always convey a sense of reluctance?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15575" CreationDate="2018-01-21T13:36:08.577" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It does not really include it by itself. &#xA;But you can add reluctance with intonation. And in modern Russian it's often used in that context, but it's not up to word. Any of your usage examples are suitable.&#xA;Russian is a very intonation-depending language, so that... depends. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5370" LastActivityDate="2018-01-21T13:36:08.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15575" CreationDate="2018-01-21T13:41:25.860" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To my knowledge, it does not. In any dictionary it's defined more or less like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Выражает допущение, возможность чего-либо (то же, что «наверное,&#xA;  вероятно, может быть»), а также некоторую предпочтительность&#xA;  какого-либо действия (то же, что «лучше»).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In sentences like: &quot;Я, пожалуй, не пойду туда&quot; there's no slightest hint on being reluctant - it's exactly the opposite, it's closed to definitely. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other thing is that in phrases like: &quot;Ну, я, пожалуй, пойду?&quot; one want to show out of politeness his/her full determination to leave but not necessarily he or she wants to, so there's a tint of reluctance.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-01-21T13:41:25.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15579" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15575" CreationDate="2018-01-21T14:26:55.830" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пожалуй&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; implies being presented with several options from which you choose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I use &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;пожалуй&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; when i'm kind of hesitant and conflicted between a few choices but still do opt for one of them without being completely convinced it's the right or the preferable one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's translated as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;rather&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Ну так ты идёшь с нами или остаёшься? - So do you come along or stay here?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -Нет, я, &lt;code&gt;пожалуй&lt;/code&gt;, останусь - No, I'll &lt;code&gt;rather&lt;/code&gt; stay&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;OR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -Да, я, &lt;code&gt;пожалуй&lt;/code&gt;, иду с вами - Yes, I'll &lt;code&gt;rather&lt;/code&gt; go with you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To translate your example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ммм... пожалуй, я продолжу делать то, что хочу. - Erm... I will rather&#xA;  continue doing what I like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Semantically it's akin to &lt;code&gt;скорее&lt;/code&gt; (also &lt;code&gt;rather&lt;/code&gt;) and &lt;code&gt;всё-таки&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;still&lt;/code&gt;), only that &lt;code&gt;скорее&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;всё-таки&lt;/code&gt; make the fact of choosing much more obvious and would be used if there has been prior discussion or deliberation, known to the interlocutor, about what course of action to take.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Ну так ты идёшь с нами или остаёшься? - So do you come along or stay here?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -Нет, я, &lt;code&gt;всё-таки&lt;/code&gt;, остаюсь - No, &lt;code&gt;still&lt;/code&gt; I'm staying&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;OR&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -Да, я, &lt;code&gt;всё-таки&lt;/code&gt;, иду с вами - Yes, I'm &lt;code&gt;still&lt;/code&gt; coming with you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T09:15:17.647" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T09:15:17.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15581" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15583" CreationDate="2018-01-21T20:23:02.723" Score="2" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это в &lt;strong&gt;его&lt;/strong&gt; духе. / Это в &lt;strong&gt;её&lt;/strong&gt; духе. / Это в &lt;strong&gt;их&lt;/strong&gt; духе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume this is a figurative expression with the meaning of &amp;quot;it sounds like him/her/them&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; = followed by the prepositional case)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;strong&gt;его&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;её&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;их&lt;/strong&gt; = genitive case)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;strong&gt;духе&lt;/strong&gt; = prepositional singular case)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;их&amp;quot; is plural, so shouldn't you say &amp;quot;Это в их &lt;strong&gt;духах&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; with the prepositional plural case instead?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Why is it incorrect to say &amp;quot;Это в &lt;strong&gt;тебя&lt;/strong&gt; духе&amp;quot; оr &amp;quot;Это в &lt;strong&gt;вас&lt;/strong&gt; духе&amp;quot; to mean &amp;quot;that sounds like you&amp;quot;? Even though they share the same construction?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-21T21:58:25.573" Title="Figurative expression &quot;Это в его духе&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;possessive-pronoun&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15581" CreationDate="2018-01-21T21:09:46.770" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's incorrect because &lt;code&gt;их&lt;/code&gt; isn't a demonstrative pronoun for &lt;code&gt;дух&lt;/code&gt;, but a possessive pronoun of people to whom &lt;code&gt;дух&lt;/code&gt; belongs so to speak. It's also incorrect because &lt;code&gt;в smbd's духе&lt;/code&gt;, where &lt;code&gt;дух&lt;/code&gt; is in singular form, is a fixed idiom.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literally &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это в их духе - This is in their spirit&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's incorrect because the idiom requires possessive pronoun for &lt;code&gt;дух&lt;/code&gt;, while &lt;code&gt;тебя&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;вас&lt;/code&gt; etc. are inflected personal pronouns.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possessive pronouns of the 3d person &lt;code&gt;их/его/её&lt;/code&gt; (their/his/her) derive from Genitive of personal pronouns &lt;code&gt;они/он/она&lt;/code&gt;, but as all other possessive pronouns answer the question &lt;code&gt;чей?&lt;/code&gt; and not &lt;code&gt;кого?&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;em&gt;grammatically are similar to adjectives&lt;/em&gt; except that unlike the rest of them these 3 don't inflect to match the case of the noun they describe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus &lt;code&gt;в духе&lt;/code&gt; (чьём?) &lt;code&gt;их/его/вашем&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-21T21:58:25.573" LastActivityDate="2018-01-21T21:58:25.573" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15581" CreationDate="2018-01-21T21:46:00.843" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это в &lt;strong&gt;моем,твоем, его, её, нашем, вашем, их&lt;/strong&gt; духе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's an idiom. Meaning &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;strong&gt;my, your, his, her, our, their&lt;/strong&gt; manner/way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since it's an idiom, the noun духе doesn't change, but it has a possessive pronoun. Меня, тебя aren't possessive pronouns, so you cannot use them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-01-21T21:46:00.843" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15584" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15587" CreationDate="2018-01-22T06:26:58.610" Score="5" ViewCount="1362" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the best translation into Russian of the common English expression &quot;Quality over quantity&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have not found any answers on the internet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Bear in mind that I'm a native Russian speaker.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10152" LastEditorDisplayName="user10152" LastEditDate="2018-01-23T05:49:49.130" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T05:49:49.130" Title="Best translation for &quot;Quality over quantity&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15585" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15584" CreationDate="2018-01-22T06:54:21.513" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;We usually say, &quot;Качество превыше всего&quot; (Quality is above everything ).&#xA;You can also say, &quot;Я предпочитаю качество количеству&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T06:59:35.347" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T06:59:35.347" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15584" CreationDate="2018-01-22T09:05:38.870" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;To modify a little V.V.'s suggestion&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Качество превыше количества&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;оr&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Главное не количество, а качество&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Не количество главное, а качество&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure if they're the best though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T09:19:02.060" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T09:19:02.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15584" CreationDate="2018-01-22T09:19:47.990" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Лучше меньше, да лучше. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%87%D1%88%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5,_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D1%88%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;В. И. Ленин&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T09:19:47.990" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15584" CreationDate="2018-01-22T14:03:22.110" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The best and natural option is &#xA;Количество переходит в качество.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8514" LastEditorUserId="8514" LastEditDate="2018-01-22T14:57:08.857" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T14:57:08.857" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15575" CreationDate="2018-01-22T15:02:51.047" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пожалуй&lt;/strong&gt; expresses equally probability and preference or is used to show a non-straightforward polite excuse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я, пожалуй, пойду, а то поздно уже. I'd rather go now because it's getting late.(polite excuse).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я, пожалуй,попью чайку. I'd rather drink some tea.(preference )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я, пожалуй, займусь этим проектом.I might as well pay attention to that project.(probability ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no reluctance. Only intonation can show it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-22T15:02:51.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15591" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15592" CreationDate="2018-01-23T03:07:06.113" Score="6" ViewCount="444" Body="&lt;p&gt;(Note: I would like to learn Russian, but I have not started yet, so unfortunately I will be making this post entirely in English. I don't mind what language you use for answers.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that the letter &quot;и&quot; does not generally represent an iotated vowel in Russian at the start of a word. It is pronounced /i/ with no glide ( unlike for example &quot;я&quot; /ja/ or &quot;ю&quot; /ju/).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I would guess that it is not difficult for a Russian speaker to pronounce /ji/ (sounds like &quot;йи&quot;) and to distinguish the sound of this from /i/. I would like to know if I am right about this, and if so, what are some examples of Russian words where /ji/ does occur? And does it occur at the start of any words that you know of?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far, my research has turned up inconsistent results that I am not sure I can trust.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An old book from 1916, &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=R9hfAAAAMAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PR17&amp;amp;lpg=PR17&amp;amp;dq=Russian%20words%20that%20start%20with%20%5Bji%5D&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=ZBMq7TRxXu&amp;amp;sig=lCuUxT40t4tB2KTmt3uw96A1PJ4&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwjz7NPE_uzYAhVuct8KHR-NAdI4ChDoAQgqMAE#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=Russian%20words%20that%20start%20with%20%5Bji%5D&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Russians and Their Language&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/em&gt; by Nadine Jarintzov, says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Only the и, amongst the light vowels, makes a slight exception: there are only three words beginning with it in which it has the &lt;em&gt;y&lt;/em&gt;-sound to start it with; these are the genitive, dative and ablative cases of the Russian word for 'they' = они́: ихъ[*] (of them), имъ[*] (to them), and и́ми (by them), &lt;em&gt;yih, yim, yimi.&lt;/em&gt;  In all the rest of the Russian words beginning with an и the latter (against the nature of other light vowels) has no &lt;em&gt;y&lt;/em&gt;-part in it: иго́лка (needle) &lt;em&gt;igolka,&lt;/em&gt; и́ва (willow) &lt;em&gt;iva,&lt;/em&gt; идти́ (to go) &lt;em&gt;idt’i;&lt;/em&gt; etc. (p xvii-xviii)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(*note: I understand that the word-final hard sign &quot;ъ&quot; is not used in the present-day spelling of these words)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Wiktionary entries on их, им and и́ми describe the pronunciations starting with /ji/ instead of /i/ as &quot;dated or regional&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A little later on, Jarintzov mentions the existence of /ji/ in words like се́мьи. The Wikipedia article &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_sign#Palatalization_sign&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Soft sign&lt;/a&gt;&quot; also seems to say that ьи is pronounced as /ji/ in Russian. But since it is an unstressed syllable, I would guess the phonetic pronunciation is actually [jɪ], with vowel reduction causing the vowel /i/ to be less close than it would be in a stressed syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/russian/comments/20t7ii/is_%D0%B8_pronounced_ee_or_yi/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Reddit discussion&lt;/a&gt; I found, native speakers say not to pronounce /ji/ in им, but a commenter also said that some word-intial unstressed syllables might sound like they start with &quot;йи&quot; because of vowel reduction. The example was &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;единорог&quot; is pronounced &quot;йидинарок&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Wikipedia article &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology#Vowel_mergers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian phonology&lt;/a&gt;&quot; says a number of things about the pronunciation of vowels in unstressed syllables. Some of them seem confusing or dubious. The parts that I think seem relevant:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When a soft consonant or /j/ precedes, both /o/ and /a/ merge with /i/ and are pronounced as [ɪ]. Example: язы́к About this sound [jɪˈzɨk] 'tongue'). /o/ is written as ⟨e⟩ in these positions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The pronunciation of unstressed /e ~ i/ is [ɪ] after soft consonants and /j/, and word-initially (эта́п  [ɪˈtap] ('stage')&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are a number of exceptions to the above vowel-reduction rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Vowels may not merge in foreign borrowings, particularly with unusual or recently borrowed words such as ра́дио, [ˈradʲɪ.o]  'radio'. In such words, unstressed /a/ may be pronounced as [ɐ], regardless of context; unstressed /e/ does not merge with /i/ in initial position or after vowels, so word pairs like эмигра́нт and иммигра́нт, or эмити́ровать and имити́ровать, differ in pronunciation.[citation needed]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is all a bit complicated, so I wanted to make sure I understand. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Here is my summary of what I think I have gotten from all of this:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In word-initial stressed syllables, un-iotated /ˈi/ occurs. Iotated /ˈji/ doesn't occur at the start of any (?) word in standard Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In word-initial unstressed syllables, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;[jɪ] (which is equated with /ji/; that is, it sounds like it is pronounced as &quot;йи&quot;) occurs at the start of words that are written with iotated vowels like я (from Wikipedia: язы́к) or е (from Reddit: единорог), except sometimes (in &quot;foreign borrowings&quot; in particular?) it seems these may be pronounced without vowel reduction as /ja/ and /je/ respectively (according to an uncited sentence in the Wikipedia article). &lt;strong&gt;Update.&lt;/strong&gt; according to a document I found, linked below, these words may in fact be heard pronounced without /j/, at least &quot;in casual speech&quot;. I don't know how common or accepted this is, however.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;[ɪ] occurs in unstressed syllables at the start of words that are written with un-iotated front vowels, such as э (from Wikipedia: эта́п) or I assume и (as in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;игле́&lt;/a&gt;, which Wiktionary says is pronounced [ɪˈɡlʲe])&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In non-word-initial syllables:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;in unstressed syllables, /ji/ (I understand that according to the rules of vowel reduction, this would technically be pronounced [jɪ]) occurs after consonants in words written with ьи, and perhaps after vowels in words written with и or е (the existence of a j-like glide before /i/ after vowels seems dubious, or optional at best).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps /ji/ can occur in stressed syllables as well? I would appreciate some examples if so. I found a &lt;a href=&quot;http://redfoxsanakirja.fi/en/grammar/russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;web page&lt;/a&gt; that says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nouns ending with -ий, -ия, -ие (not to be confused with substantivated adjectives) are written with -ии instead of -ие in Prepositional (as this ending is never stressed, there is no difference in pronunciation): тече́ние - в ни́жнем тече́нии реки́ &quot;streaming - in lower streaming of a river&quot;. But if words в течение and в продолжение are representing compound preposition meaning &quot;while, during the time of&quot;, they are written with -е: в тече́ние ча́са &quot;in a time of an hour&quot;. For nouns ending in -ья, -ье, or -ьё, using -ьи in the Prepositional (where endings of some of them are stressed) is usually erroneous, but in poetic speech it may be acceptable (as we replace -ии with -ьи for metric or rhyming purposes): &lt;em&gt;Весь день она́ лежа́ла в забыт&lt;strong&gt;ьи́&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (F. Tyutchev).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which confuses me a bit. Does this mean stressed &quot;ьи́&quot; does not occur in any words in non-poetic speech, or are these remarks only applicable to words ending in ьи́?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update.&lt;/strong&gt; I found a document, &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Janina_Molczanow/publication/257978136_Russian_intervocalic_deletion_in_Derivational_Optimality_Theory/links/54dc90ef0cf25b09b9124303/Russian-intervocalic-deletion-in-Derivational-Optimality-Theory.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian intervocalic deletion in Derivational Optimality Theory&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, by Janina Mołczanow (2012), that says that &quot;in casual speech&quot; unstressed syllables starting with [jɪ] may even lose the glide and be pronounced with [ɪ] or after a hard consonant, [ɨ]. The examples given are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;jevropa [i] ‘Europe’ &gt; golos jevropy [s ɨ] ‘the voice of Europe’&#xA;  &lt;br&gt;jelovyj [i] ‘firry’ –  &gt; v jelovom lesu [v ɨ] ‘in the fir forest’ &#xA;  &lt;br&gt;ježa [i] ‘hedgehog’ – &gt; nos ježa [s ɨ] ‘hedgehog’s nose’&#xA;  &lt;br&gt;(p. 289)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, it says that words like Евро́па, ело́вый and ежа́ can be pronounced with the sound &quot;и&quot; (not &quot;йи&quot;) at the start, and го́лос Евро́пы can be pronounced with &quot;сы&quot; in the middle, в ело́вом ле́су can be pronounced with &quot;вы&quot; at the start, and нос ежа́ can be pronounced with &quot;сы&quot; in the middle. Russian speakers, does that sound possible to you/are you familar with this type of pronunciation? If so, does it sound OK, or would you definitely recommend that a learner avoid it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7038" LastEditorUserId="7038" LastEditDate="2018-01-23T07:56:23.680" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T08:35:48.333" Title="Where does the sound &quot;йи&quot; / iotated и / [ji] occur in Russian?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;vowel-reduction&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15591" CreationDate="2018-01-23T05:58:16.010" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;A big question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.In word-initial stressed syllables, un-iotated /ˈi/ occurs. Iotated /ˈji/ doesn't occur at the start of any (?) word in standard Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I think so. Some people still pronounce j in those pronouns like им,  их, ими. In my region at least.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In word-initial unstressed syllables,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[jɪ] (which is equated with /ji/; that is, it sounds like it is pronounced as &quot;йи&quot;) occurs at the start of words that are written with iotated vowels like я (from Wikipedia: язы́к) or е (from Reddit: единорог), except sometimes (in &quot;foreign borrowings&quot; in particular?) it seems these may be pronounced without vowel reduction as /ja/ and /je/ respectively (according to an uncited sentence in the Wikipedia article).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I agree. (ежи'ха, ежеви'ка, едини'чный, ягоди'цы)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.[ɪ] occurs in unstressed syllables at the start of words that are written with un-iotated front vowels, such as э (from Wikipedia: эта́п) or I assume и (as in игле́, which Wiktionary says is pronounced [ɪˈɡlʲe])&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Right. But only starting with &quot;э&quot; or &quot;и&quot; (этажи', игру'шки)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.In non-word-initial syllables:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in unstressed syllables, /ji/ (I understand that according to the rules of vowel reduction, this would technically be pronounced [jɪ]) occurs after written with ьи after consonants, and perhaps in words written with и or е after other vowels (the existence of a j-like glide before /i/ after vowels seems dubious, or optional at best).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Yes. Се'мьи (plural from семья'.), ола'дьи .волну'емся, игра'ем, поко' ится. But : успока'иваться &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.Perhaps /ji/ can occur in stressed syllables as well? I would appreciate some examples if so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Right. Семьи'(genetive singular), ладьи', бадьи', полыньи', свои', твои', мои', воробьи', соловьи'(plural from nouns endind with &quot;й &quot;(воробей, соловей)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Welcome to the world of Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T05:58:16.010" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15591" CreationDate="2018-01-23T08:35:48.333" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;In response to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;sumelic&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;'s request i'm posting this as an answer, but without expecting any points for it.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Please be aware that from practical standpoint the only hard and fast and inviolable rule of &lt;strong&gt;vowel reduction&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian, which must be observed to not sound odd or dialectical, is&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;unstressed O -&amp;gt; A&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;the rest are pretty much provisional, they only simplify pronunciation or are rather a result thereof, and certainly not a part of the school's Russian language curriculum as far as i remember.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In any word all other vowels can be pronounced as they're written respecting the rules of their interaction with adjacent phonemes (e.g. ци/ши/жи).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Attempt at examples&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;к&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;робк&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;й (&lt;code&gt;коробка&lt;/code&gt; in Instrumental) = к&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ропк&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;й BUT NOT&#xA;  к&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;ропк&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;й&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  н&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;с&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;рьёзн&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;му (&lt;code&gt;несерьёзный&lt;/code&gt; in Dative) = EITHER н&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;с&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;рьйозн&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;му&#xA;  OR н&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;с&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;рьйозн&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;му&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from principles of &lt;strong&gt;vowel reduction&lt;/strong&gt; correct pronunciation of phonemes of course needs to be grasped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T08:35:48.333" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15594" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15595" CreationDate="2018-01-23T09:03:10.913" Score="3" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наконец-&lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt; я дома.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наконец я дома.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder how these two phrases differ in meaning? Adding the colloquial particle &amp;quot;то&amp;quot; to the end of an adverb seems to reinforce its meaning, but at the risk of coming across as somewhat childish and uneducated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In German, for instance, the adverb &amp;quot;endlich&amp;quot; single-handedly carries the connotation of emotional relief (like, &amp;quot;Ah, FINALLY!&amp;quot;) after a long-lasting wait is over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the adverb &amp;quot;Наконец&amp;quot; alone not enough to impart a sense of relief to the sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T13:30:07.117" Title="&quot;наконец&quot; vs &quot;наконец-то&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15594" CreationDate="2018-01-23T09:44:27.910" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My impression is that &lt;code&gt;наконец-то&lt;/code&gt; is fit for simple sentences (not compound or complex) with just one predicate, where the fact of something having occurred &lt;strong&gt;finally&lt;/strong&gt; is its only idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наконец-то я дома.(simple sentence) Теперь можно расслабиться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;наконец&lt;/code&gt; almost implies some continuation or expansion of the statement&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наконец я дома и могу расслабиться. (two predicates)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Наконец я дома, и можно расслабиться. (compound sentence)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-23T13:30:07.117" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T13:30:07.117" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15594" CreationDate="2018-01-23T10:07:21.377" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning is absolutely the same &quot;at last&quot;, but as you mentioned (correctly ) the difference is emotional, since &quot;-то&quot;, a particle gives an additional stress to the word it is used with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наконец я дома. (I am home at last.) Наконец-то я дома.(And at last I am home).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T10:07:21.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15594" CreationDate="2018-01-23T10:58:22.513" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The version &lt;em&gt;with&lt;/em&gt; -&lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt; (close to '&lt;em&gt;at last&lt;/em&gt;') typically relates to the current moment and also expresses the speaker's &lt;em&gt;personal&lt;/em&gt; (or related to a fictional character's thoughts) satisfaction with some &lt;em&gt;long awaited&lt;/em&gt; fact, with a bit of emotion. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Наконец-то&lt;/strong&gt; мне принесли заказанный диск!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The more common version (&lt;em&gt;without&lt;/em&gt; -&lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt;, closer to '&lt;em&gt;finally&lt;/em&gt;') is &lt;em&gt;less personal&lt;/em&gt; and can describe a sequence of some events in the past (not only recent events), which had been &lt;em&gt;expected&lt;/em&gt; but happened with some delay (or inevitably not as soon as desired).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В 1830 году Наталья Гончарова согласилась, &lt;strong&gt;наконец&lt;/strong&gt;, выйти замуж за&#xA;  Пушкина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-01-23T11:04:26.683" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T11:04:26.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15598" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-23T14:59:44.627" Score="1" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was looking at &lt;a href=&quot;http://zaokvant.ru/products/radioactive-sources&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and can't for the life of me understand what ГИИД-1 means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English format of this website is completely different from the Russian one and haven't been able to get anything from google.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone help, please? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10163" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-01-23T15:19:03.463" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T22:12:13.700" Title="Confused about Russian nuclide abbreviation" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15598" CreationDate="2018-01-23T15:16:24.943" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's just a name. And only the authors know what exactly it means. Ask them.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;We can only guess:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Г&lt;/code&gt; - Гамма&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;И&lt;/code&gt; - Излучатель&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;И&lt;/code&gt; - Иридиевый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Д-1&lt;/code&gt; - ???&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T15:16:24.943" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15600" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15601" CreationDate="2018-01-23T19:50:16.927" Score="1" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... либо ..., либо ... &lt;strong&gt;Третьего не дано&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume this is an equivalent of the English expression &amp;quot;it can only go one of two ways&amp;quot; оr &amp;quot;(there's) no in-between&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure how to parse the phrase, though, especially the word &amp;quot;дано&amp;quot;. My assumptions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Subject = impersonal, omitted, something like &amp;quot;it&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;the (current) situation&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;дано&amp;quot; = alternative form (?) of &amp;quot;дало&amp;quot;, which is the neuter singular past tense of the verb &amp;quot;дать&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;третьего&amp;quot; = direct object of the transitive verb &amp;quot;дать&amp;quot;, and in genitive case because of the negative construction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literal translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(It / The situation) didn't give/allow a third course/choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T09:22:11.823" Title="How to parse the phrase &quot;Третьего не дано&quot;, especially &quot;дано&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;impersonal&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15600" CreationDate="2018-01-23T21:22:06.877" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дано&lt;/strong&gt; (masuline: &lt;strong&gt;дан&lt;/strong&gt;, feminine: &lt;strong&gt;дана&lt;/strong&gt;, plural: &lt;strong&gt;даны&lt;/strong&gt;) is the neuter singular short passive participle of the perfective verb &lt;strong&gt;дать&lt;/strong&gt; and means &quot;[it] is [not] given/provided&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; also lists it as an &quot;unchangeable predicative&quot; with the meaning &quot;to be destined (to have natural ability) to do something&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ему было не дано петь&quot; - &quot;He was not destined to sing (he was a bad singer)&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your other assumptions are correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may expand this expression to &quot;&lt;em&gt;Третьего выбора не дано&lt;/em&gt;&quot; - &quot;&lt;em&gt;A third option is not provided&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-01-24T08:56:10.857" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T08:56:10.857" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12649" CreationDate="2018-01-23T21:24:41.613" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Perhaps some nouns are used both as animate (Nom=Gen) and inanimate (Nom=Accus), depending on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like the &quot;добавить в друзья&quot; in social networks. Here the word &quot;friends&quot; is used in the sense of &quot;friend list&quot;, not of the humans themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, &quot;в гостях&quot; reflects the prepositional usage of в, while &quot;в гости&quot; reflects the accusative usage of a noun which, although derived from the word for &quot;guests&quot;, here implies a change in quality/state, rather than the embodiment of the guests themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, remember that лицо is inanimate when meaning &quot;face&quot; and animate as a formal word for &quot;person&quot;. Which implies an animate accusative plural in &quot;лиц&quot;. Like in the idiom &quot;мера на лиц...&quot;, &quot;a measure, concerning [a group of specific] people&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T21:24:41.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15603" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15610" CreationDate="2018-01-23T21:29:11.473" Score="4" ViewCount="133" Body="&lt;p&gt;This idiom roughly translates as &quot;the thing is, he/she is very busy&quot;, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, a friend of mine on VK used &quot;Хлопот полный рот&quot;, whereas on gramota.ru I saw &quot;хлопот полон рот&quot;. Which one is correct, or are they both correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-24T16:06:14.303" LastActivityDate="2018-01-26T08:37:27.103" Title="Idiom: &quot;Хлопот полон рот&quot; or &quot;хлопот полный рот&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15604" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15608" CreationDate="2018-01-23T21:56:29.183" Score="3" ViewCount="665" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Warning: Potential Spoilers of Yevgeny Zamyatin's &lt;em&gt;We&lt;/em&gt;!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My book club recently finished reading an English translation of Yevgeny Zamyatin's &lt;em&gt;We&lt;/em&gt;, originally published in 1924 in Russian. We don't know any Russian (even its alphabet), but we were very curious how certain elements were expressed in the original. We'd be so grateful if someone, whether familiar with the novel or not, could describe the translation of these elements for us, the best they can. I imagine the full Russian text should be easy to find, somewhere online.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Since this is a fairly involved question, I'll upvote answers to any one of the below. Thanks on behalf of all of us!&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the fourth paragraph of chapter (&quot;Record&quot;) 36, the translation reads&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Only when He had stopped talking did I regain consciousness again and I saw: &lt;strong&gt;the hand moved ahundredton-ly,&lt;/strong&gt; slowly crawling, a finger was fixing toward me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I love this invented word, &lt;em&gt;ahundredton-ly&lt;/em&gt;. What was it in Russian? If also an invented word, does it sound similarly strange as the English word here? Or is there no strangeness at all in Russian, and the translator added his / her own zest?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In chapter (&quot;Record&quot;) 8, the English translation repeatedly mentions the &quot;Irrational Root,&quot; &lt;em&gt;i.e.&lt;/em&gt; what we in America typically call the imaginary root. My hypothesis is that either Zamyatin or the translator intentionally departed from mathematical correctness to use the word &quot;Irrational&quot; in contrast to rationality. What Russian word is used, and is it the same word used to describe the square root of -1 (imaginary)? Or the square root of 2 (irrational).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the English translation, the characters names appear to be consonants for men, vowels for women. How was this done in the Russian alphabet? (I'll give brief descriptions of each character to aid matching them up in the Russian text.) We especially wondered if there was any significance to the letter &quot;I&quot; and &quot;U,&quot; given the book is called &quot;We&quot;; we imagine Russian pronouns would work too differently for this to have been intended; or did Zamyatin do something entirely different yet symbolic in his original?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;D-503&lt;/strong&gt;: Narrator and main character.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;R-13&lt;/strong&gt;: D-503's friend; suggested to be black; speaks gutturally.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;S-4711&lt;/strong&gt;: D-503's &quot;Guardian&quot;; follows him everywhere; &quot;squishy&quot; footsteps.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;O-90&lt;/strong&gt;: D-503's original partner; often described &quot;pink&quot;; innocent and devoted to D-503.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I-330&lt;/strong&gt;: Leader of rebellion; disappears mysteriously; has D-503 wrapped around her finger.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;U&lt;/strong&gt;: Older woman; takes care of children; motherly figure to D-503.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10165" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T10:53:52.540" Title="How were these expressed in the original Russian of Yevgeny Zamyatin's &quot;We&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2018-01-24T16:05:38.433" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15598" CreationDate="2018-01-23T22:12:13.700" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.isotop.ru/files/treecontent/nodes/attaches/0/95/noname..pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this document&lt;/a&gt; searching on google by &lt;code&gt;ГИИД&lt;/code&gt;. You can find detailed information on page 9 of the document. &lt;code&gt;ГИИД-1&lt;/code&gt; is a device, which is used as a source of gamma rays in radiography. The device is a steel container with an isotope iridium-192 inside. There are several devices, the first is &lt;code&gt;ГИИД-1&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning of the word &lt;code&gt;ГИИД&lt;/code&gt; is explained in another answer, but I suppose it would be &lt;code&gt;источник&lt;/code&gt;, not &lt;code&gt;излучатель&lt;/code&gt;: &quot;Гамма-источник иридиевый&quot;, &quot;1&quot; - I think, is just a number of a model. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T22:12:13.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15603" CreationDate="2018-01-23T22:12:21.657" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This idiom roughly translates as &quot;the thing is, he/she is very busy&quot;, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Хлопот полон рот&lt;/code&gt; is the correct one, but both are perfectly understandable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T22:12:21.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15604" CreationDate="2018-01-23T22:13:07.207" Score="5" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The used word is &quot;стопудово&quot;.  It consists of &quot;сто&quot; (hundred) and &quot;пуд&quot; (a unit of weight which is about 16 kg). It sounds strange in this context. I would understand it as &quot;very slowly and heavily&quot;.  It's hard to say how strange the word itself was meant to be by the author hundred years ago  because this word exists in modern (slang) Russian and means &quot;definitely, for sure, 100%!&quot; and it sounds normal nowadays (but as said not in this context). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It's irrational as in square root of two. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Latin letters are used for all characters except D-503 and U.  Narrator's letter is Д which stand for &quot;D&quot; in Russian and U's letter is Ю which is pronounced exactly as English standalone &quot;U&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-01-23T22:29:16.220" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T22:29:16.220" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15604" CreationDate="2018-01-23T22:23:39.200" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The word used is &lt;code&gt;стопудово&lt;/code&gt;, it's a adverb from a phrase &lt;code&gt;сто пудов&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;a hundred&lt;/code&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=2&amp;amp;l2=1&amp;amp;s=%EF%F3%E4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;puds&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. For the time it could have well been a neologism (as those were the days of revolutionary innovations in the language), today it's a slang word meaning &lt;code&gt;certainly&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;100%&lt;/code&gt;. Generally adverbs derived from measures is a rare thing in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It's a literal translation of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=2&amp;amp;l2=1&amp;amp;s=%E8%F0%F0%E0%F6%E8%EE%ED%E0%EB%FC%ED%FB%E9%20%EA%EE%F0%E5%ED%FC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;иррациональный корень&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Google gives examples of the English phrase &lt;code&gt;irrational root&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;D-503 = Д-503&lt;br&gt;&#xA;О-90 = О-90  or just O&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I-330 = I-330&lt;br&gt;&#xA;R-13 = R-13&lt;br&gt;&#xA;S-4711 = S-4711&lt;br&gt;&#xA;U = Ю (sounds the same)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of the plot, but the &lt;em&gt;machine-like&lt;/em&gt; names hint at a possibility of its being set somewhere in the future. Is that so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-24T08:12:06.533" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T08:12:06.533" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15609" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15604" CreationDate="2018-01-23T22:24:14.353" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I think, no translation errors here. Both &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrational_number&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;irrational numbers&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_number&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;imaginary numbers&lt;/a&gt; exist, in Russian it is &quot;иррациональные числа&quot; (the word &quot;иррациональный&quot; is  borrowed, it is &quot;irratsionalnyj&quot; in transliteration) and &quot;мнимые числа&quot; (the word &quot;мнимый&quot; is Russian, it means &quot;imaginary&quot;, &quot;seeming&quot;, &quot;virtual&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2018-01-23T22:24:14.353" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15603" CreationDate="2018-01-24T08:16:41.190" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Полон&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/aa041601a.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;short form&lt;/a&gt; of &quot;&lt;em&gt;полный&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and in this case they are absolutely interchangeable. However, &quot;&lt;em&gt;хлопот полон рот&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is more euphonic and thus it is the preferable one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T08:16:41.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15600" CreationDate="2018-01-24T09:58:11.393" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дано́&lt;/strong&gt; means 'given'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Тре́тьего не дано́&lt;/strong&gt; is a set phrase literally meaning 'no third (choice) is given', one has to choose either/or.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your parse is correct. Well done recognising the direct object in the genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дано́&lt;/strong&gt; is the passive participle of the perfective verb &lt;strong&gt;дать&lt;/strong&gt;. It is the short neuter form. Other forms include masculine &lt;strong&gt;дан&lt;/strong&gt;, feminine &lt;strong&gt;дана́&lt;/strong&gt; and plural &lt;strong&gt;даны&lt;/strong&gt;. The full form is &lt;strong&gt;да́нный&lt;/strong&gt;, e.g.: Да́нный предме́т недоста́точно хорошо́ изу́чен. = The given subject has not been studied well enough. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because it is a set phrase, in the past tense is rendered as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тре́тьего бы́ло не дано́.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;rather than the more ordinary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тре́тьего не́ было дано́.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare e.g. to: Тре́тьего блю́да не́ было по́дано. = 'No third course was served' which cannot be phrased as **Тре́тьего блю́да бы́ло не по́дано.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T09:58:11.393" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15604" CreationDate="2018-01-24T10:53:52.540" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No, there is no symbolism in I and U (Russian Ю), at least not in the sense you interpreted them: they cannot be read as Russian personal pronouns. For the record, the Russian personal pronouns are: I=я, you=ты (informal) or вы (formal), we=мы.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T10:53:52.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14663" CreationDate="2018-01-24T15:40:05.853" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recall the name of writer Константин Паустовский being transliterated as Constantin Paustovsky.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T15:40:05.853" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15617" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15619" CreationDate="2018-01-24T21:26:21.713" Score="2" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was looking for a word meaning &quot;blur&quot; (as a noun) or &quot;bokeh&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know the word расфокусированный means &quot;out of focus&quot;, but does &quot;расфокусировка&quot; exist?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-01-24T21:53:57.720" LastActivityDate="2018-01-26T21:10:38.307" Title="Does word &quot;расфокусировка&quot; exist?" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15617" CreationDate="2018-01-24T21:52:56.270" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The simplest google search immediately proves that &lt;strong&gt;such word exists&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Proof #1. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;An article&lt;/a&gt; in Wiktionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;расфокусировка&lt;/strong&gt; - смещение фокуса, нарушение фокусировки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Proof #2. A photography &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fotonotes.ru/?p=47&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;tutorial&lt;/a&gt; titled &quot;Расфокусировка — несколько приемов сделать снимок оригинальнее&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Proof #3. A medicine &lt;a href=&quot;https://okulist.online/zabolevaniya/glaz/narusheniya-refrakcii/rasfokusirovka-zreniya.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; &quot;Что такое расфокусировка зрения, и как ее лечить&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plus about 90000 other proofs. So, please, in future tend to perform some initial research before asking a question here. The more effort you put into the question, the higher is the probability you'll get quality answers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also I want to mention that, while the Russian wiki on &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;боке&quot;&lt;/a&gt; indeed does not use &lt;code&gt;расфокусировка&lt;/code&gt; (or just &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;расфокус&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) to my knowledge it's quite common term in professional photographers community. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-01-24T22:15:43.907" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T22:15:43.907" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15617" CreationDate="2018-01-24T21:54:41.183" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes &lt;code&gt;расфокусировка&lt;/code&gt; does exist, it might be found in the dictionaries. However  it's rather a gerund in English grammar terms, that is it denotes an action and not a state. But i guess depending on a context it might work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;s=blur&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; you have a host of translation options. I would prefer &lt;code&gt;мутность&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;размытость/размытие&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;туман&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;нечёткость&lt;/code&gt; or more accurately &lt;code&gt;эффект мутности/размытости/нечёткости&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in my opinion all above mentioned options aren't adequate enough. Russian fails in this department.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-24T22:01:01.490" LastActivityDate="2018-01-24T22:01:01.490" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15620" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-01-25T00:21:48.573" Score="2" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, &quot;married&quot; (man) is &lt;strong&gt;женатый&lt;/strong&gt; (short form &lt;strong&gt;женат&lt;/strong&gt;) and &quot;married&quot; (woman) is &lt;strong&gt;замужняя&lt;/strong&gt; (short form &lt;strong&gt;замужем&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likewise, the verb &quot;to marry&quot; with a man as the subject is &lt;strong&gt;жениться/пожениться&lt;/strong&gt; and with a woman as the subject, it becomes &lt;strong&gt;выходить замуж/выйти замуж&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, is there a generic word for both genders? How can I say &quot;they got married&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've heard of &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Они поженились&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, but I'm not sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-25T14:10:46.883" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T14:10:46.883" Title="Gender-neutral synonym for &quot;поженились&quot;" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;marital&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15620" CreationDate="2018-01-25T00:25:02.293" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, there's official and very pompous &quot;сочетаться браком&quot; or even &quot;сочетаться узами брака&quot; but no one sane will use it in casual speech. &quot;Пожениться&quot; is indeed the form that can be used in general. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other words worth to know:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;расписаться&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; - зарегистрировать в официальном учреждении свой брак с кем-либо )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;бракосочетаться&lt;/code&gt; (almost as bad as &quot;сочетаться браком&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;обвенчаться&lt;/code&gt; - strictly speaking, it's &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;only about a marriage&lt;/a&gt; committed in church but in real-life usage it's quite often about any official marriage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-01-25T00:33:01.057" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T00:33:01.057" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15620" CreationDate="2018-01-25T01:54:37.357" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When speaking about a married couple as a whole (in plural) &quot;они поженились&quot;, or even &quot;они женаты&quot; can be used, even though, strictly speaking, only the man &quot;поженился/женат&quot;, the woman &quot;вышла замуж/замужем&quot;. Can't think of any common singular synonym that can be used for both sexes. In more official language, you could say &quot;состоит в браке&quot; or &quot;вступил[а] в брак&quot;, &quot;заключил[а] брак&quot; (although the inflection still spoils the gender neutrality somewhat).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T01:54:37.357" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15617" CreationDate="2018-01-25T05:10:45.790" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Расфокусировка&lt;/strong&gt; (объектива) is a &lt;em&gt;widely&lt;/em&gt; used term in optics. It refers to a &lt;em&gt;position&lt;/em&gt; of lens components, corresponding to blurred image, relatively to the focused position giving the most sharp image. The term can also describe any &lt;em&gt;motion&lt;/em&gt; in lens components &lt;em&gt;towards unfocused state&lt;/em&gt; of the lens as does the verb &lt;strong&gt;расфокусирование&lt;/strong&gt; which describes &lt;em&gt;just action&lt;/em&gt;. By extension, the term is often applied to blurred images &lt;em&gt;resulting&lt;/em&gt; from unfocused state of the lens (&lt;em&gt;расфокусированность&lt;/em&gt; или расфокусировка &lt;em&gt;изображения&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T05:10:45.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15624" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15625" CreationDate="2018-01-25T06:00:34.357" Score="3" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, you can say &amp;quot;leave someone out of the loop&amp;quot; to mean &amp;quot;leave them out of the discussion&amp;quot;; for instance, three people are talking among themselves, and you feel sort of alienated, not being part of the conversation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;исключить&lt;/strong&gt; кого-то &lt;strong&gt;из обсуждения&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{or}: я &lt;strong&gt;исключён из обсуждения&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this phrasing is rather straightforward. I wonder if there is another idiomatic expression  used colloquially and figuratively/metaphorically?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-26T14:57:37.830" Title="Russian equivalent of the colloquial figurative expression &quot;get left out of the loop&quot;" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15625" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15624" CreationDate="2018-01-25T08:24:39.357" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A widely used contemporary colloquial expression is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;отправлять в игнор&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, as in &quot;Меня отправили в игнор&quot; - however, note that this is used almost solely by teens and younger people among themselves, and would be completely inappropriate otherwise. Note that &quot;игнор&quot; here is directly borrowed from the English &quot;ignore&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from that, I doubt that there is a stable counterpart for '&lt;strong&gt;leaving&lt;/strong&gt; someone out of the loop', although there is one for '&lt;strong&gt;getting (staying)&lt;/strong&gt; out of the loop': &quot;&lt;strong&gt;оказываться (быть) не в теме/не в курсе дела&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The guys were eagerly discussing something, but I found myself completely out of the loop&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ребята что-то оживленно обсуждали, но я оказался совершенно не в теме&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T08:24:39.357" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15624" CreationDate="2018-01-25T08:45:39.700" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't think of a universal compact expression for embedding into any context. However, that sense can be expressed indirectly where necessary, e. g. :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они обсуждали это так, будто меня (его, никого) рядом не было. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они и&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;не подумали привлечь к обсуждению&lt;/em&gt; меня или кого-то ещё из присутствовавших.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они обсуждали эту тему, &lt;em&gt;не считаясь с моим присутствием&lt;/em&gt; (полностью&#xA;  меня игнорируя).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они говорили об этом так, будто  меня это не касалось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T08:45:39.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15628" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15629" CreationDate="2018-01-25T13:11:15.597" Score="2" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;отрицать &lt;strong&gt;очевидное&lt;/strong&gt; =  &lt;em&gt;deny &lt;strong&gt;the obvious&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In German, for instance, an adjective can perform the function of a noun by taking the form of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;definitite article + adjective in neutral gender (with a capitalised first letter)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does it generally work in Russian? Is it enough to use the neutral singular form of an adjective without capitalising its first letter or adding some particle?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-28T08:53:49.347" LastActivityDate="2018-01-28T08:53:49.347" Title="How does adjectival nominalisation work in Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15628" CreationDate="2018-01-25T14:00:04.543" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian, you just put the adjective in full neuter singular, as in your example. No capitalization or anything needed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Никто не обнимет необъятного&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Мы за всё хорошее, против всего плохого&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Былое и думы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Church Slavonic and Old Russian, you had to put the adjective in neuter plural. Russian has a number of words like &lt;em&gt;преисподняя; святая святых; прочая, прочая, прочая&lt;/em&gt; etc. which are formed according to this paradigm, but it is not productive anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-01-25T14:49:55.700" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T14:49:55.700" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15630" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15634" CreationDate="2018-01-25T17:02:22.647" Score="3" ViewCount="368" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С памятью у тебя &lt;strong&gt;стало&lt;/strong&gt; хуже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume this translates literally as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It (omitted, impersonal subject) has become worse with the memory of yours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder why the noun &quot;память&quot; cannot be the subject instead with the meaning of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Your memory has got worse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-25T19:02:01.253" LastActivityDate="2018-01-26T08:10:51.303" Title="Why does the verb &quot;стать&quot; need an omitted, impersonal subject here?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;impersonal&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15630" CreationDate="2018-01-25T17:28:14.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The noun &quot;память&quot; can be a subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Память у тебя стала хуже.&#xA;  Твоя память стала хуже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It expresses a fact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other variants below. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С памятью у тебя стало хуже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same as &quot;У тебя с памятью стало хуже&quot;, but somebody wants to accent &quot;память&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что-то с памятью у тебя стало хуже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Accents unpleasant surprise, discontent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10169" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-25T19:46:18.253" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T19:46:18.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15630" CreationDate="2018-01-25T17:28:25.710" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Твоя память стала хуже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then the meaning will be quite the same but the word &quot;память&quot; will be the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5510" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T17:28:25.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15630" CreationDate="2018-01-25T17:32:26.697" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I wonder why the noun &quot;память&quot; cannot be the subject instead&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, it can. &lt;em&gt;Твоя память стала хуже&lt;/em&gt; is a perfectly grammatical, albeit just a little bit peculiar way to put this in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, all languages work differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian we say &lt;em&gt;идёт дождь&lt;/em&gt; (literally, &quot;the rain goes&quot;) while in English (and lots of other languages) &quot;to rain&quot; is an avalent verb (a verb without object or subject). Russian simply does not have a single verb which would directly correspond to &quot;to rain&quot;, and Russian speaking people get along just fine without it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the same vein Russians say &quot;there is something at me&quot; when English speaking people would just say &quot;I have&quot;. There is a construct for &quot;I have&quot; in Russian, however its use is quite limited.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some languages &quot;to sneeze&quot; and &quot;to cough&quot; are transitive verbs (you don't sneeze or cough, instead it sneezes or coughs you); in others you can't just &quot;eat&quot; or &quot;drink&quot;, you have to eat or drink something, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is just how those languages work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-01-25T17:32:26.697" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15630" CreationDate="2018-01-26T07:59:54.620" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Стать&lt;/strong&gt; isn't really important here. This is just one particular modality of a catch-all Russian construction that talks about &amp;quot;trouble with&amp;quot; something or other. Which has two fairly self-contained elements, a predicate specifying how bad the trouble is (here, &lt;strong&gt;стало хуже&lt;/strong&gt;), and the &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;c&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;em&gt;noun&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; part where the noun identifies the &lt;em&gt;source&lt;/em&gt; of the trouble — in this case, &lt;strong&gt;память&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &amp;quot;how bad&amp;quot; part is very, very flexible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E. g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В городе &lt;strong&gt;неблагополучно с преступностью.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да у него &lt;strong&gt;с головой плохо&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;em&gt;[~&amp;quot;That one's crazy in the head&amp;quot;.]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;С котами была сплошная беда.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;[~&amp;quot;The cats were no end of trouble.&amp;quot;]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that a form of &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt; appears in the last example — well, really, it's been there all along, just not apparently because of present-tense copula dropping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I'm trying to say here is, it's essentially just an accident that you can also say &lt;strong&gt;память у тебя стала хуже&lt;/strong&gt;. Because you definitely can't say &lt;code&gt;*в городе неблагополучна преступность&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;*у него плохая голова&lt;/code&gt;. It's just that in your example, there are two elaborations on the basic construction: the comparative &lt;strong&gt;хуже&lt;/strong&gt; and the modality introduced by using &lt;strong&gt;стать&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt;. Which, understandably, makes you wonder why go through all the trouble of making it impersonal and oblique when you could just make it a plain subject+verb. Whereas in fact this is a syntactic set piece where the impersonality and obliqueness are there to begin with. And it doesn't always convert this easily into subject+verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Admittedly there's a very small difference between saying &amp;quot;your memory's gotten worse&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;this memory thing of yours has gotten worse&amp;quot;, but that difference is there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-26T08:10:51.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15635" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15603" CreationDate="2018-01-26T08:37:27.103" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Хлопот полон рот&lt;/strong&gt; is idiomatic; &lt;strong&gt;хлопот полный рот&lt;/strong&gt; is — well, like saying &quot;shiver my timbers&quot; instead of the more iconic &quot;shiver &lt;em&gt;me&lt;/em&gt; timbers&quot;. &lt;strong&gt;Полон&lt;/strong&gt; is a bit of a relic here, from a time when short adjectives were more generally &quot;indefinite&quot;, something like the Germanic weak adjective, instead of the more narrow predicative function (&quot;is full&quot;) that they have today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-01-26T08:37:27.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15636" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15624" CreationDate="2018-01-26T14:57:37.830" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quite usable phrases, close to &quot;leave someone out of the loop&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Исключить из круга общения.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Выгнать из нашего круга.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Исключить из общего круга.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Исключить из узкого круга [избранных].&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10169" LastActivityDate="2018-01-26T14:57:37.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15617" CreationDate="2018-01-26T21:10:38.307" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Now, to &lt;code&gt;bokeh&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would describe it as &lt;code&gt;размытие фона&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;фон не в фокусе&lt;/code&gt;. Russian Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;thinks&lt;/a&gt; a direct borrowing exists, &lt;code&gt;боке&lt;/code&gt;. This is in my opinion even more professional jargon than &lt;code&gt;расфокусировка&lt;/code&gt;. (The latter, as I think was already mentioned, is a state of the optics rather then property of the image.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more formal term around bokeh is &lt;code&gt;глубина резко изображаемого пространства&lt;/code&gt; (depth of field), but it describes &lt;em&gt;everything&lt;/em&gt; on the object in and out of focus. A more formal/professional description of bokeh would then be something like &lt;code&gt;малая ГРИП с нерезким фоном&lt;/code&gt;, loosely corresponding to &lt;code&gt;shallow depth of field&lt;/code&gt;, which results in bokeh.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2018-01-26T21:10:38.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15638" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15640" CreationDate="2018-01-27T01:07:02.487" Score="3" ViewCount="248" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that there is a remnant of the vocative case in Russian (concerning mainly religious words), which is not often mentioned in textbooks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far I know the religious vocatives &quot;Боже!&quot;, &quot;Иисусе!&quot;. Among casual names, I know &quot;Кать!&quot; and &quot;Саш!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any other names with a vocative ending?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-27T12:25:10.130" LastActivityDate="2018-01-27T20:46:30.250" Title="Examples of nouns in vocative case in usage" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;vocative&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15638" CreationDate="2018-01-27T05:21:28.953" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кать!&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Саш!&lt;/strong&gt; (sic, no soft mark) are the so-called new vocative, which is has no relation to the original Slavic one. And, outside of names, you also have it in &lt;strong&gt;мам!&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;пап!&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;дядь!&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;тёть!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Господи&lt;/strong&gt; is an old vocative. &lt;strong&gt;Старче&lt;/strong&gt; (from &lt;strong&gt;старец&lt;/strong&gt;) is an old vocative that's barely ever used, but widely known thanks to Pushkin's Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-01-27T05:21:28.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15638" CreationDate="2018-01-27T11:32:14.547" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for old vocatives, there are also &lt;code&gt;Иисусе&lt;/code&gt; (more often &lt;code&gt;господи Иисусе&lt;/code&gt;) and &lt;code&gt;врачу, исцелися сам&lt;/code&gt; are used.  As for the the last idiom, many Russians don't understand that &lt;code&gt;врачу&lt;/code&gt; is an old vocative, instead interpreting it as a dative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the new vocatives, they are created from virtually any name which ends by -a or -я (Саш, Дим, Зин, Вась, Петь, Тань, Насть...), and also there are пап, мам, баб, тёть, дядь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-01-27T11:32:14.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15641" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15638" CreationDate="2018-01-27T11:52:15.890" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not exactly names&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From slang there's the fringe &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;чУви&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (from &lt;code&gt;чувак&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;dude&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;братИш&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;братЮнь&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (from &lt;code&gt;братиш(к)а&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;братюня&lt;/code&gt; respectively - &lt;code&gt;bro/bruh&lt;/code&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;ПарнИш&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (from &lt;code&gt;парниша&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;bloke/lad&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;ДевУль&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (from &lt;code&gt;девуля&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;girl/gal&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;СынУль&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (from &lt;code&gt;сынуля&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;sonny&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;all formed by the pattern of the &lt;em&gt;new vocative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exclusively for &lt;code&gt;сын&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;дочь&lt;/code&gt; there're in use such vocative forms as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;сЫна&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;дОча&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, whose paradigm is opposite to the &lt;em&gt;new vocative&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dialectical &lt;em&gt;new vocative&lt;/em&gt; for personal names can even have double consonant final as was famously showcased in the classic Soviet comedy movie &quot;Love and doves&quot; (Любовь и голуби)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-B4zBPrAQQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Людк, а Людк?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (from &lt;code&gt;Людка&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-27T20:46:30.250" LastActivityDate="2018-01-27T20:46:30.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13121" CreationDate="2018-01-27T12:19:34.333" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to add, &quot;женитьба&quot; is a noun formed from the verb &quot;жениться&quot;, which comes from the word &quot;жена=wife&quot;and literally translates as something like &quot;to get wifed&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Замужество&quot; is formed from the phrase &quot;выходить замуж&quot;, literally translates as &quot;to go after/behind a husband&quot;, &quot;муж&quot; being &quot;husband&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-01-27T12:19:34.333" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15638" CreationDate="2018-01-27T12:41:54.443" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that one of answers already given should be accepted, since all of them are succinct, complete and correct. Still, I want to mention a couple of other examples, so, there's a word &lt;code&gt;владыко&lt;/code&gt; which is vocative of &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;владыка&lt;/a&gt;&quot;. It's used to address higher ranks church officials, so domain of usage is pretty tiny. In fact, in Russian is extinct to that level that de-facto &quot;владыко&quot; is treated quite often as a word of it's own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same happened with, for example, &lt;code&gt;человече&lt;/code&gt;, which used to be vocative for &lt;code&gt;человек&lt;/code&gt;. Sometimes (again, very rarely) &lt;a href=&quot;http://lib.ru/LITRA/CHEHOW/apples.txt&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;it's used&lt;/a&gt; to make speech sound archaic, most likely in ironical way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все, что вдохновляет господ поэтов, было  рассыпано  вокруг него&#xA;  щедрою рукою в огромном количестве и, казалось, говорило и  пело: &#xA;  &quot;На, бери, человече! Наслаждайся, пока еще не явилась осень!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the author (Anton Pavlovich Chekhov actually) uses &lt;code&gt;человече&lt;/code&gt; correctly, as a vocative. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;a href=&quot;http://world.lib.ru/s/slepuhin_a_w/sav-ural-extrime.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; modern author is using (just to sound a bit more pathetic) it incorrectly, as a nominative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда звучит это фраза на всех языках мира, становится ясно -&#xA;  человече её изрек после тяжелого испытания.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other form worth to mention is &lt;code&gt;друже&lt;/code&gt; (from &lt;code&gt;друг&lt;/code&gt;), like in phrase &quot;И как же нам, друже, Совесть заставить улечься?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To conclude, one thing you should know about any old-form vocative usage in Russian - all such words are rare and extremely bookish. Not even everyone will recognize what you are saying if you'll actually use them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-01-27T17:05:42.373" LastActivityDate="2018-01-27T17:05:42.373" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15644" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15645" CreationDate="2018-01-28T10:02:57.790" Score="4" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;In what cases should I say &quot;не обязательно&quot; and in what case should I say &quot;необязательно&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it correct here?:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Не стоит подменять понятие &quot;защищать отечество&quot; понятием &quot;защищать&#xA;  интересы отечества&quot;. Второе вовсе &lt;strong&gt;не обязательно&lt;/strong&gt; оправдывает потери&#xA;  жизней&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-28T21:57:43.883" LastActivityDate="2018-01-29T14:17:05.390" Title="&quot;не обязательно&quot; versus &quot;необязательно&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;не-plus-adverb&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15644" CreationDate="2018-01-28T10:23:28.460" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal et al., 66.6:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примечание 1. Раздельное написание &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; с прилагательным, имеющим при себе пояснительные слова, встречается:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;при наличии в качестве пояснительных слов отрицательных местоимений и наречий (начинающихся с &lt;em&gt;ни&lt;/em&gt;) или сочетаний &lt;em&gt;далеко не, вовсе не, отнюдь не&lt;/em&gt;, например: &lt;em&gt;никому не известный адрес, ни в чем не повинные люди, нисколько не понятное выражение, ничуть не вредный напиток, далеко не простое решение, вовсе не бесплодные поиски, отнюдь не новый сюжет&lt;/em&gt;; ср.: &lt;em&gt;неведомыми мне путями – никому не ведомыми путями&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule applies to ad-adjectival adverbs and proper adjectives alike (see 71.4):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пишутся раздельно с &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; наречия на &lt;em&gt;-о&lt;/em&gt;, если при них в качестве пояснительного слова стоит отрицательное наречие, начинающееся с &lt;em&gt;ни&lt;/em&gt;, либо сочетание &lt;em&gt;далеко не, вовсе не, отнюдь не&lt;/em&gt; (ср. §66, п. 6, примеч. 1, подпункт 2), например: &lt;em&gt;докладчик говорил нисколько не убедительно, рукопись отредактирована отнюдь не плохо&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-29T14:17:05.390" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15647" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15648" CreationDate="2018-01-28T20:25:44.710" Score="2" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &lt;strong&gt;взлетать/взлететь&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;улетать/улететь&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the first one especially for the take off of an airplane, whereas the latter one is especially for a bird flying away?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-28T21:03:04.227" LastActivityDate="2018-01-29T10:24:00.830" Title="Взлететь vs Улететь" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15647" CreationDate="2018-01-28T20:52:27.987" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;They have different meanings&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;взлетать/взлететь&lt;/strong&gt; - to take off  - vector of motion is vertical&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;улетать/улететь&lt;/strong&gt; -  to fly away - vector of motion is horizontal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it's possible to &lt;strong&gt;взлететь&lt;/strong&gt; without &lt;strong&gt;улетaть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both are applicable to planes and birds, to anything able to fly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-28T20:59:21.317" LastActivityDate="2018-01-28T20:59:21.317" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15650" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15652" CreationDate="2018-01-28T23:09:16.267" Score="5" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before asking my question, let me tell what I know about verbs of motion so far:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-For each verb of motion in English (ex.: &lt;em&gt;to go&lt;/em&gt;) there are multiple verbs in Russian;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Each nuance of motion verbs in Russian depends on the means of locomotion (on foot or by vehicle), and on the direction of movement (determined or undetermined).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Moreover, there's the usual distinction between perfective and imperfective verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Furthermore, verbs of motion can be preceded by prefixes denoting destination, such as &lt;strong&gt;при-&lt;/strong&gt; (denoting &lt;em&gt;arrival&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;вы-&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;у-&lt;/strong&gt; (denoting &lt;em&gt;exit&lt;/em&gt;) or &lt;strong&gt;в-&lt;/strong&gt; (denoting &lt;em&gt;entry&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-While in each pair of unprefixed verbs of motion (determined and undetermined) both verbs are imperfective, adding a prefix converts both verbs to determined direction, being one perfective and the other imperfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far so good. I believe I know the nuance of meaning of some groups, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ходить (undet. imp.), идти (det. imp.), пойти (det. pf.);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ездить (undet. imp.), ехать (det. imp.), поехать (det. pf.);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бе́гать (undet. imp.), бежа́ть (det. imp.), побежа́ть (det. pf.); etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prefixed verbs have only one imperfective:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;входить (det. imp.), войти (det. pf.);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;въезжать (det. imp.), въехать (det. pf.);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вбега́ть (det. imp.), вбежа́ть (det. pf.); etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, let's get into my doubt:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Таска́ть&lt;/strong&gt; (undet.) / &lt;strong&gt;тащи́ть&lt;/strong&gt; (det.) are a pair of imperfective verbs meaning &quot;to drag&quot;. Since they are motion verbs, most likely &lt;em&gt;таскать&lt;/em&gt; will remain imperfective when preceded by &lt;em&gt;в-&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;вы-&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;при-&lt;/em&gt;. Whereas &lt;em&gt;тащить&lt;/em&gt; will become the perfective counterpart of the prefixed verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, is there a generic perfective prefix for &lt;em&gt;&quot;тащить&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, neither denoting entry, nor exit, nor arrival? Like &lt;strong&gt;&quot;потащить&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likewise, &lt;strong&gt;лазить&lt;/strong&gt; (undet.) / &lt;strong&gt;лезть&lt;/strong&gt; (det.) are the imperfective duo for &quot;to climb&quot;. What's the generic perfective prefix for &lt;em&gt;&quot;лезть&quot;&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-29T10:12:55.860" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T07:35:45.220" Title="Perfective of таскать" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;verb-aspects&gt;&lt;motion-verbs&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15651" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15653" CreationDate="2018-01-29T03:30:54.410" Score="2" ViewCount="484" Body="&lt;p&gt;I asked these together because it didn't make sense (to me) to have two separate, but very related, questions...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have some trouble with two sets of words (in the title). My two sources are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9&lt;/a&gt; and the book, &lt;a href=&quot;https://slavica.indiana.edu/bookListings/textbooks/5000_Russian_Words&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://slavica.indiana.edu/bookListings/textbooks/5000_Russian_Words&lt;/a&gt; - and unfortunately they do not explicitly state agreement in their usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Старший:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The book says, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;elder, older; senior; (as noun) elder&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and leaves the comparative out (but includes it in старый, and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary says,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;elder, older, senior&#xA;eldest, oldest&#xA;higher, highest&#xA;(substantivized, in the masculine, animate) foreman&#xA;(substantivized, in the masculine, animate) chief, man in charge&#xA;(substantivized, in the masculine, animate, military) first (lieutenant)&#xA;senior (suffix used for names of elders)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Старый:&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The book says &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;old&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary says,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;old&#xA;ancient, antique&#xA;olden&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and includes comparatives from both words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So Wiktionary doesn't really give great useage information and the book says that &lt;code&gt;старее&lt;/code&gt; is used for &quot;things and of old animate beings&quot;, while &lt;code&gt;старше&lt;/code&gt; it says is used for &quot;animate beings, not necessarily old ones&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;So there really isn't a one-word solution in all uses?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How can &lt;code&gt;старше&lt;/code&gt; be used for &quot;not necessarily old ones&quot;? As in young ones?! Contradictory? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Младший&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The book says,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;junior; younger, youngest&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with no mention of comparative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary says,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;younger, youngest (in an earlier period of life)&#xA;junior&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and gives the comparative, but no real useage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Молодой&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The books says,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;young&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but gives no specifics of its comparative, though it lists both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary says,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;young&#xA;youthful&#xA;new&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and gives its comparative, but no useage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the only available useage information comes from the book and says that &lt;code&gt;младше&lt;/code&gt; is only for animate beings. Neither say anything about useage for &lt;code&gt;молохе&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can &lt;code&gt;молохе&lt;/code&gt; be used in all contexts, therefore negating the need to use &lt;code&gt;младше&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T11:32:55.487" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T11:32:55.487" Title="старший или старый а молодой или младший" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15652" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15650" CreationDate="2018-01-29T04:06:04.303" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the prefix &lt;strong&gt;по-&lt;/strong&gt; mostly shows the beginning of the action, you can say it's the most generic meaning comparing to other prefixes. So &lt;strong&gt;полезть&lt;/strong&gt; can be a safe variant like &lt;strong&gt;потащить&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;потаскать&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-01-29T04:06:04.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15651" CreationDate="2018-01-29T07:05:01.997" Score="5" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No, there isn't. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;As in &quot;Моя сестра старше меня на 3 года. Сейчас ей 14 лет&quot;.  My sister is older than me but not old.  Using &quot;старее&quot; in this case is inappropriate. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Моложе&quot; and &quot;младше&quot; are both used with animate beings. There isn't such a big difference between them as between &quot;старше&quot; and  &quot;старее&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2018-01-29T07:05:01.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15650" CreationDate="2018-01-29T07:45:04.100" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Потащить - to start drag&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Потаскать - to drag a bit around&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оттаскать - to drag around quite enough&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Затаскать - to drag around up to changed condition&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2018-01-29T07:45:04.100" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15650" CreationDate="2018-01-29T10:07:19.847" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Q:&lt;/strong&gt; most likely &lt;em&gt;таскать&lt;/em&gt; will remain imperfective when preceded by &lt;em&gt;в-&lt;/em&gt;,&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;вы-&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;при-&lt;/em&gt;. Whereas &lt;em&gt;тащить&lt;/em&gt; will become the perfective counterpart of the prefixed verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A:&lt;/strong&gt; With respect to this particular verb the opposite is true, it will be turned into &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With prefix its &lt;em&gt;IMperfective&lt;/em&gt; aspect will look like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;в-/вы-/при-тасК-ИВ-ать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your statement however does hold true for other motion verbs &lt;code&gt;ходить&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;летать&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;бегать&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;плавать&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ползать&lt;/code&gt; etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;So &lt;code&gt;таскать&lt;/code&gt;, though recognized as a motion verb, appears to be the only one to behave differently.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Q:&lt;/strong&gt; However, is there a generic perfective prefix for &lt;em&gt;&quot;тащить&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, neither&#xA;  denoting entry, nor exit, nor arrival? Like &lt;strong&gt;&quot;потащить&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A:&lt;/strong&gt; Any prefix added to &lt;code&gt;тащить&lt;/code&gt; turns it into &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Q:&lt;/strong&gt; Likewise, &lt;strong&gt;лазить&lt;/strong&gt; (undet.) / &lt;strong&gt;лезть&lt;/strong&gt; (det.) are the imperfective&#xA;  duo for &quot;to climb&quot;. What's the generic perfective prefix for&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;&quot;лезть&quot;&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;Лазить&lt;/code&gt; only becomes &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt; with the prefixes &lt;strong&gt;по-/из-/с-&lt;/strong&gt; (but this doesn't apply to every motion verb of its type).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast, &lt;code&gt;лезть&lt;/code&gt; becomes &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt; regardless of the prefix like all motion verbs of its type.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since prefixes are semantically significant, i guess there're no generic ones, everything hinges on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some cases of prefix &lt;strong&gt;вы-&lt;/strong&gt; the aspect depends on the meaning signified with a stress&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;выход&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;ть&lt;sup&gt;imperf&lt;/sup&gt; - в&lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt;ходить&lt;sup&gt;perf&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;вынос&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;ть&lt;sup&gt;imperf&lt;/sup&gt; - в&lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt;носить&lt;sup&gt;perf&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;вывоз&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;ть&lt;sup&gt;imperf&lt;/sup&gt; - в&lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt;возить&lt;sup&gt;perf&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(not motion) вычит&lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt;ть&lt;sup&gt;imperf&lt;/sup&gt; - в&lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt;читать&lt;sup&gt;perf&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T07:35:45.220" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T07:35:45.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15647" CreationDate="2018-01-29T10:24:00.830" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's difficult to rationalize the meaning of prefixes &lt;strong&gt;&quot;вз&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;у&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, almost as difficult as to explain the rationale behind &lt;strong&gt;&quot;off&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; in &quot;take &lt;strong&gt;off&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. But one can always try. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's look at &lt;strong&gt;ВЗ&lt;/strong&gt; first:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some words that use this prefix:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;взлететь&lt;/strong&gt; - take off&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вздумать&lt;/strong&gt; - come up with an idea&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вломать&lt;/strong&gt; - crack, or break something forcefully&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;взбодриться&lt;/strong&gt; - energize oneself (that's the word Nescafe uses on their coffee in Russia)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;взбаламутить&lt;/strong&gt; - to distort  something intentionally, turn something peaceful into something chaotic&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;взрыть&lt;/strong&gt; - dig the ground emotionally without any purpose (sometimes about bombs but usually about animals)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also &lt;strong&gt;ВОЗ&lt;/strong&gt; prefix, which seems to carry the same meaning as &lt;strong&gt;ВЗ&lt;/strong&gt; and just being another phonetic for for the latter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;возмутить&lt;/strong&gt; - (same as взбаламутить i.e. turn something calm/still into chaotic)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;возделать&lt;/strong&gt; - cultivate, or precisely turn wild soil into a garden or a field&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;воздеть&lt;/strong&gt; - raise something bravely, i.e. head, flag, but not a problem for instance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вознамериться&lt;/strong&gt; - get your mind set on something (but not just having it set on something, as in other examples, the word is about a moment when something have started or got done)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;возгордиться&lt;/strong&gt; - start being too proud at some moment&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure if you see the pattern, but I can observe that it seems to be about applying one's energy, emotions and effort to get something done or started also implying the moment when it have happened or have started.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the &lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt; part. The usage seems very diverse, but take a look, I will show how some words with У have one meaning and next to them the same words without the У prefix having another meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;упасть&lt;/strong&gt; - to fall, &lt;strong&gt;пасть&lt;/strong&gt; - to fall&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;умыть&lt;/strong&gt; - get washed, &lt;strong&gt;мыть&lt;/strong&gt; - to wash&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;узнать&lt;/strong&gt; - obtain knowledge, &lt;strong&gt;знать&lt;/strong&gt; - to know something&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;угадать&lt;/strong&gt; - make a correct guess, &lt;strong&gt;гадать&lt;/strong&gt; - do guessing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;убить&lt;/strong&gt; - to kill, &lt;strong&gt;бить&lt;/strong&gt; - to beat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;упрятать&lt;/strong&gt; - make something hidden, &lt;strong&gt;прятать&lt;/strong&gt; - to hide &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the verbs that describe some form of a movement&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;улететь&lt;/strong&gt; - fly away, &lt;strong&gt;лететь&lt;/strong&gt; - to fly&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;уплыть&lt;/strong&gt; - swim away, &lt;strong&gt;плыть&lt;/strong&gt; - to swim&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;уйти&lt;/strong&gt; - to go away, &lt;strong&gt;идти&lt;/strong&gt; - to go&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;убежать&lt;/strong&gt; - run away, &lt;strong&gt;бежать&lt;/strong&gt; - to run&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both cases the prefix adds the meaning of something being complete, done, rather just happening. But in the latter case it is also about the direction of the move away from the area of the mental focus at the moment of the conversation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interesting is how &lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt; behaves with the suffixes meant to emphasize that something is still happening:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;улетает&lt;/strong&gt; - in a process of flying away&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;убивает&lt;/strong&gt; - in a process of getting something killed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;угадывала&lt;/strong&gt; - she was continuously making attempts to make a right guess&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other answer states that the difference between &lt;strong&gt;взлететь&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;улететь&lt;/strong&gt; is about the direction, and although in this particular case it seems to be true, the real difference is that &lt;strong&gt;ВЗ&lt;/strong&gt; is about effort and energy, and &lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt; is about something being finished. In practive the space ship or a coin in the well both can &lt;strong&gt;улететь&lt;/strong&gt; (fly away) vertically and your enterprise or a startup can &lt;strong&gt;взлететь&lt;/strong&gt; (take off) without any vertical movement in the physical world, all will be the correct usage of those words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, because repeating is good, repeating is good, when you encounter &lt;strong&gt;ВЗ&lt;/strong&gt; think of someone's effort, and when you encounter the &lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt; prefix think of something that finishes completely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ironically there is another &quot;vertical&quot; use for the word &lt;strong&gt;улететь&lt;/strong&gt; to mean somebody &quot;getting high&quot;, used both about someone daydreaming or envisioning something actively or someone using drugs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1502" LastActivityDate="2018-01-29T10:24:00.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15651" CreationDate="2018-01-29T11:43:28.003" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;How can старше be used for &quot;not necessarily old ones&quot;? As in young ones?! Contradictory?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also as in being hierarchically senior, &lt;code&gt;старше по званию&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Младший&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;youngest&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure if it's correct. &lt;code&gt;Youngest&lt;/code&gt; is rather&lt;code&gt;самый младший/самый молодой&lt;/code&gt;, whereas &lt;code&gt;младший&lt;/code&gt; is simply &lt;code&gt;younger&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise the sentence &lt;code&gt;у меня два младших брата&lt;/code&gt; wouldn't make sense as it would say &lt;code&gt;i have two youngest brothers&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Can моло&lt;strong&gt;ж&lt;/strong&gt;е be used in all contexts, therefore negating the need to use младше?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed both &lt;code&gt;младше&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;моложе&lt;/code&gt; are being used with inanimate objects, although &lt;code&gt;младше&lt;/code&gt; seems more frequent, but i personally still feel uneasy about this usage. I guess it's more pertinent to scientese and professional lexis than to general purpose language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's almost as using the English &lt;code&gt;younger&lt;/code&gt; with inanimate objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If i had to choose a more fitting word i'd opt for &lt;code&gt;новее/более новый&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;newer&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-29T13:12:23.390" LastActivityDate="2018-01-29T13:12:23.390" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15658" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-01-29T21:44:42.420" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-29T21:44:42.420" LastActivityDate="2018-01-29T21:44:42.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15659" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-01-29T21:44:42.420" Score="0" Body="Questions related to rules of spelling adverbs with &quot;не&quot; as either a particle or a prefix, i.e. separately or jointly respectively." OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-03-29T07:47:32.217" LastActivityDate="2018-03-29T07:47:32.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15660" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-01-29T21:49:00.317" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-29T21:49:00.317" LastActivityDate="2018-01-29T21:49:00.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15661" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-01-29T21:49:00.317" Score="0" Body="Questions dealing with intricacies of grammatical aspects of verbs both in fashioning and in usage." OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-01-31T15:58:18.773" LastActivityDate="2018-01-31T15:58:18.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15662" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-01-29T22:13:30.767" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-01-29T22:13:30.767" LastActivityDate="2018-01-29T22:13:30.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15663" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-01-29T22:13:30.767" Score="0" Body="Questions concerning the limited set of Russian verbs of motion that come in pairs of uni- and multidirectional." OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T02:25:40.573" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T02:25:40.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15664" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15665" CreationDate="2018-01-29T22:50:15.233" Score="1" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;When should I use the genitive singular and when should I use the genitive plural after quantity words like &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;сколько&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T00:02:07.663" Title="Genitive case after quantity words" Tags="&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15664" CreationDate="2018-01-30T00:02:07.663" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's countable vs. uncountable. Use singular for uncountable objects, like &lt;code&gt;много снега&lt;/code&gt; - a lot of snow, and plural for countable, like &lt;code&gt;много снежков&lt;/code&gt; - many snowballs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is similar to much vs many in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T00:02:07.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15666" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15667" CreationDate="2018-01-30T04:39:46.977" Score="2" ViewCount="232" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;..., &lt;strong&gt;да&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;..., &lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;..., &lt;strong&gt;не так ли&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;..., &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've so far come across these four words functioning as a tag question, and I wonder how they differ in meaning and usage? In most languages, there are several different words for forming a tag question, each having a flavour of its own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;..., &lt;strong&gt;верно&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T10:25:31.500" Title="Difference between &quot;да?&quot;, &quot;так?&quot;, &quot;не так ли?&quot;, &quot;а?&quot; as a tag question" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;tag-question&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15666" CreationDate="2018-01-30T04:56:36.093" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;..., да?&lt;/strong&gt; — &quot;right?&quot; (&quot;is it true?&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;..., так?&lt;/strong&gt; — &quot;right?&quot; (&quot;did I understand you correctly?&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is that &lt;strong&gt;да?&lt;/strong&gt; seeks to &lt;em&gt;confirm&lt;/em&gt; some prior knowledge, guess, or suspicion, while &lt;strong&gt;так?&lt;/strong&gt; generally double-checks the speaker's &lt;em&gt;comprehension&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;..., не так ли?&lt;/strong&gt; — generic &quot;doesn't it?&quot; (and other forms)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;..., а?&lt;/strong&gt; — not &lt;em&gt;quite&lt;/em&gt; sure it belongs with the others. You can add it to requests to signify insistence/pleading (&lt;strong&gt;ну пойдём, а?&lt;/strong&gt;), to things that are formally questions, signifying either impressiveness (&lt;strong&gt;как мы их обогнали-то, а?&lt;/strong&gt;) or frustration (&lt;strong&gt;что за чертовщина, а?&lt;/strong&gt;), and to actual questions, signifying impatience (&lt;strong&gt;вы вообще инструкцию читали, а?&lt;/strong&gt;) — but it doesn't work as something you can tag on to a &lt;em&gt;statement&lt;/em&gt; to turn it into a question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd add another one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;..., правда?&lt;/strong&gt; — the sort of &quot;doesn't it?&quot; that prompts to agree with the speaker on some point expressed in or related to the statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2018-01-30T05:13:05.440" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T05:13:05.440" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15668" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15669" CreationDate="2018-01-30T09:04:25.130" Score="3" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наконец-то &lt;strong&gt;нашлась&lt;/strong&gt; моя книга.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sentence, the passive verb &amp;quot;нашлась&amp;quot; agrees with the feminine singular subject &amp;quot;книга&amp;quot;. But then...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не &lt;strong&gt;найдется&lt;/strong&gt; таких слов, чтобы оправдать ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder why this sentence, on the other hand, needs to take the impersonal, omitted subject &amp;quot;it&amp;quot; instead of directly using the plural &amp;quot;слов&amp;quot; as the subject? Why is it incorrect to use the 3rd-person plural &amp;quot;найдутся&amp;quot; that corresponds to the plural noun &amp;quot;слов&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не &lt;strong&gt;найдутся&lt;/strong&gt; таких слов, чтобы оправдать ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{or}: Таких слов ne &lt;strong&gt;найдутся&lt;/strong&gt;, чтобы оправдать ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T11:27:51.957" Title="Why say &quot;Не найдется таких слов&quot; in the singular instead of using the plural &quot;найдутся&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;genitive-negative&gt;&lt;impersonal&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15668" CreationDate="2018-01-30T09:39:22.563" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason is that you use negation with genitive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;слов&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is in genitive case and therefore lose the role of subject in the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If instead you switch to nominative, the verb will change to plural as you expected:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не найдутся такие слова.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-01-30T09:39:22.563" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15670" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15671" CreationDate="2018-01-31T05:17:21.043" Score="4" ViewCount="218" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russia uses the short scale number-naming system. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why is, then, &quot;миллиард&quot; used instead of &quot;биллион&quot;?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Миллиард&quot; (as opposed to &quot;биллион&quot;) is used in the long scale number-naming system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10192" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-01-31T14:41:19.217" LastActivityDate="2018-01-31T15:58:06.543" Title="Why is &quot;миллиард&quot; used instead of &quot;биллион&quot;?" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15670" CreationDate="2018-01-31T09:51:32.200" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As stated in &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Слово «миллиард», имевшее вначале значение 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;, получило значение 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; (тысячи миллионов) в «Арифметике» Траншана (1558) и употреблялось во Франции в XIX веке наравне со словом «биллион».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The word &quot;milliard&quot;, which initially had a value of 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;, acquired the value 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; (thousands of millions) in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Trenchant&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Jean Trenchant's Arithmetics&lt;/a&gt; (1558) and was used in France in the 19th century on a par with the word &quot;billion&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian language borrowed many words from the French language in those years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="1688" LastEditDate="2018-01-31T15:58:06.543" LastActivityDate="2018-01-31T15:58:06.543" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15672" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15673" CreationDate="2018-01-31T16:26:41.640" Score="2" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вижу, &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; памятью &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; тебя стало хуже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I notice an interesting structure in Russian: Why does it take the &lt;em&gt;dual&lt;/em&gt; form of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; памятью &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; тебя&amp;quot; rather than the more straightforward &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; твоей памятью&amp;quot; with a single preposition?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{Literally}: &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;with&lt;/strong&gt; the memory &lt;strong&gt;at/by/near&lt;/strong&gt; you&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{instead of}: &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;with&lt;/strong&gt; your memory&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same goes for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; него &lt;strong&gt;во&lt;/strong&gt; сне&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;at/by/near&lt;/strong&gt; him &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt; a dream&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; его сне&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt; his dream&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder when it is preferable to use these &lt;em&gt;separated&lt;/em&gt; structures consisting of two prepositions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T12:56:58.637" Title="When to use the double prepositional structure &quot;с памятью у тебя&quot; rather than &quot;с твоей памятью&quot;?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15672" CreationDate="2018-01-31T19:52:12.827" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This structure is used in impersonal sentences or with subject being &lt;code&gt;всё/ничего&lt;/code&gt; describing &lt;em&gt;state of affairs&lt;/em&gt; in some of the aspects of personal life or exhibition of qualities, with phrases &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;(не) всё в порядке / (не) всё гладко / (не) всё ладится / (не) всё слава богу / (не) всё хорошо / (всё) (не)плохо / стало хуже / стало лучше / всё нормально / всё отлично / не очень / неважно / проблемы / без проблем&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and the like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;У меня с учёбой не всё в порядке - Not everything is smooth in my&#xA;  studies  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;C заказами у него всё хорошо - He doesn't have any&#xA;  problems with getting orders&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Со здоровьем у неё пока неважно, зато с работой наладилось - Her health is still giving her troubles, but she's found work&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;У них не всё гладко c пунктуальностью - They're not very good at being exact on time&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would guess it's a way of getting around the inconvenience or inability to use these adverbs or their adjectival forms directly with the objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English i think a similar structure is used with the words &lt;code&gt;problem(s)/trouble(s)&lt;/code&gt; as showcased by example 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as &lt;code&gt;dreams&lt;/code&gt; are concerned i believe it's because in Russian they're perceived not as belonging to a person but as happening to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-01T07:57:44.480" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T07:57:44.480" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15672" CreationDate="2018-02-01T04:50:36.860" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first version is typically used in expressions &lt;strong&gt;defining&lt;/strong&gt; someone's good or bad memory. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;С памятью у тебя&lt;/em&gt; всё в порядке. (or &lt;em&gt;C памятью у тебя&lt;/em&gt; плохо.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one just &lt;strong&gt;refers to&lt;/strong&gt; someone's good or bad memory which is known or implied to be good or bad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;C твоей памятью&lt;/em&gt; можно вслепую играть в шахматы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;С твоей памятью&lt;/em&gt; лучше иметь под рукой таблицу умножения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T04:50:36.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15676" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-01T08:49:27.267" Score="1" ViewCount="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a table or list of rules on how to write the proper name (possessive?) adjective of a word, based on case as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пашины&lt;/em&gt; родители&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пашиным&lt;/em&gt; родителям&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пашиной&lt;/em&gt; матери &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Юрины&lt;/em&gt; дни рождения&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Юриному&lt;/em&gt; отцу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Юрин&lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt;ми&lt;/em&gt; руками&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и.т.д...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10199" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-01T10:44:51.643" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T10:44:51.643" Title="Declension of proper name adjectives?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-02-01T10:05:57.927" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15677" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15678" CreationDate="2018-02-01T09:33:46.677" Score="3" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to understand this section from a humorous song.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... бабушка Света &lt;br /&gt;&#xA;  Пьёт кофе с морошкой, &lt;br /&gt;&#xA;  Любуясь в окошко, &lt;br /&gt;&#xA;  Как ходит за кошкою кошка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on my limited knowledge of Russian, and some help from Google translate, a literal translation would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... grandmother Sveta &lt;br /&gt;&#xA;  Drinks coffe with cloudberries, &lt;br /&gt;&#xA;  Admiring in the little window &lt;br /&gt;&#xA;  How a cat walks for a cat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't really understand what the last line means.  Is this idiomatic?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10200" LastActivityDate="2018-02-02T15:38:41.047" Title="Meaning of Russian phrase &quot;как ходит за кошкою кошка&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15677" CreationDate="2018-02-01T09:53:34.297" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it's not an idiom, the meaning is straightforward&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Любуясь в окошко,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Как ходит за кошкою кошка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Watching through the window&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   how the cats walk (pass by) one after the other&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T09:53:34.297" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15679" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15681" CreationDate="2018-02-01T12:55:43.747" Score="6" ViewCount="192" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;сильные мира &lt;strong&gt;сего&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;=&lt;/em&gt; the powerful (people) of &lt;strong&gt;this&lt;/strong&gt; world&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An article on Wiki says that the demonstrative &quot;сей&quot; sounds outdate, literary, humourous etc and is rarely used except in certain set phrases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this specific expression, how does the genitive &quot;сего&quot; sound, as opposed to saying &quot;сильные мира &lt;strong&gt;этого&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;сильные &lt;strong&gt;этого&lt;/strong&gt; мира&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T13:57:52.433" Title="How does &quot;сильные мира сего&quot; compare to &quot;сильные мира этого&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15672" CreationDate="2018-02-01T12:56:58.637" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;У тебя, у меня,, у нас, у вас, etc are used almost interchangably with posessive pronouns to indicate 'loose posession':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;У меня&lt;/strong&gt; машина сломалась.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Моя&lt;/strong&gt; машина сломалась.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both mean 'My car broke' and neither (nor even the English translation) implies that you actually own the car. 'My car' could simply mean 'the car I was driving at the moment', even if you rented it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conversely, if you say e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это &lt;strong&gt;мой&lt;/strong&gt; кошелек! ('It is my wallet!')&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can't be put as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;*Это &lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt; кошелек!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because &lt;code&gt;мой&lt;/code&gt; in this case conveys a strong sense of ownership.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T12:56:58.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15679" CreationDate="2018-02-01T13:04:10.107" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Сильные мира сего&quot; is a set phrase, so &quot;сего&quot; sounds perfectly normal, while &quot;этого&quot; sounds unusual and weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T13:04:10.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15679" CreationDate="2018-02-01T13:44:12.177" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a stable collocation, originating from an earlier period, therefore it sounds normal within this specific phrase. And as a Russian proverb has it &lt;code&gt;&quot;there's no taking  words out of a song&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase appears to be of a Bibleic origin and &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=Uqk-DwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT6&amp;amp;lpg=PT6&amp;amp;dq&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;one author claims&lt;/a&gt; originally was &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;великие&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;мира сего&lt;/code&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-02-01T13:44:12.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15683" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-01T18:26:56.533" Score="5" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;Where did the curious tradition of transliterating English &lt;em&gt;u&lt;/em&gt; (sound &lt;em&gt;ʌ&lt;/em&gt;) as Russian &lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt; come from? I remember at least three examples off the top of my head: trust -&gt; трест, lunch - ленч (now obsolete), and Dundee -&gt; денди. Judging by the fact that the latter was used by Pushkin (&quot;как денди лондонский одет...&quot;), the tradition must be at least 200 years old. But why on Earth?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edited: Dundee has nothing to do with денди, it's a different word. Lunch and trust are still on the list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8460" LastEditorUserId="8460" LastEditDate="2018-02-01T20:49:48.297" LastActivityDate="2018-02-02T02:56:06.090" Title="Transliterating English -u- (-ʌ-) as Russian -е-" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15683" CreationDate="2018-02-01T19:59:24.227" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;1.&lt;strong&gt;dandy&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;noun [ C ] UK ​  /ˈdæn.di/ US ​  /ˈdæn.di/&#xA;​&#xA;a man, especially in the past, who dressed in expensive, fashionable clothes and was very interested in his own appearance:&#xA;an upper-class dandy (Cambridgedictionary.com )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So Pushkin is not to blame.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.Траст&#xA;trust&#xA;The word &lt;strong&gt;траст&lt;/strong&gt; was borrowed from English as a term for financial arrangement at the end of the 19th century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Слово заимствовано в английском языке в конце XIX века как экономическое понятие. В экономике &quot;траст&quot; – и процесс, и результат. Как процесс: траст – это передача активов в доверительное управление, под попечительство. Как результат: траст и есть сами доверенные активы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then one more borrowed word appears,  a derivative from trust, &lt;strong&gt;трест&lt;/strong&gt; and it means a group of enterprises.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В конце XIX века в русском языке появляется еще одно производное от trust слово – трест. Им стали обозначать особую организационно-правовую форму бизнеса - объединение нескольких предприятий, которые добровольно и в этом смысле - доверительно отказывались от своей коммерческой самостоятельности и подчинялись единому управлению.(dictionary-economics.ru.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 As for lunch and ленч some sources say it was mispronounced, others show the formal &quot;luncheon&quot;, which might have been the cause of mispronunciation,  but nobody can say for sure.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-02-02T02:56:06.090" LastActivityDate="2018-02-02T02:56:06.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15686" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-02T18:20:32.963" Score="2" ViewCount="175" Body="&lt;p&gt;Дифтонговый &quot;с&quot; смягчен &quot;у&quot;, но этого не достаточно, чтобы оправдать звук в &quot;гюсь&quot;. В чем причина?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-02-02T22:20:12.577" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T08:57:19.153" Title="В чем разница в произношении гусь гус и гюсь?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15687" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15688" CreationDate="2018-02-02T20:56:21.370" Score="5" ViewCount="761" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've read a bit about the partitive genitive in Russian, used in expressions such as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;кусок сахару&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;чашка чаю&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the sources I use usually label this declension as facultative, mainly literary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; So, are &lt;em&gt;&quot;кусок сахару&quot;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;&quot;чашка чаю&quot;&lt;/em&gt; just alternatives to &lt;strong&gt;&quot;кусок сахара&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;чашка чая&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; respectively?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; Second question: It's told that the partitive genitive, when used to talk about an indefinite amount of a commodity, is analogous to the French usage of &lt;em&gt;de  / du / de la&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In French it's common to say &lt;em&gt;&quot;Je veux du thé&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;I want [an indefinite amount of] tea&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has partitive genitive in Russian the same function here? Like, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Я хочу чаю&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Я хочу сыру&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, in order to express desire for an indefinite amount of a feeding commodity?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.&lt;/strong&gt; As far as I know, the verb &quot;хотеть&quot; is followed either by accusative (when referring to concrete nouns in general) and genitive (regarding abstract nouns such as in the expression &lt;em&gt;&quot;Я хочу мира&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, or negation). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When referring to a commodity such as &lt;em&gt;чай&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сыр&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сахар&lt;/em&gt;, is it better to use accusative (&lt;em&gt;&quot;Я хочу чай&quot;&lt;/em&gt;) or genitive? If genitive, may I use &lt;em&gt;&quot;Я хочу чая&quot;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;&quot;Я хочу чаю&quot;&lt;/em&gt; interchangeably, or just &lt;em&gt;чаю&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-03T11:48:22.243" LastActivityDate="2018-02-03T11:49:37.043" Title="Partitive Genitive" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;genitive-partitive&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15687" CreationDate="2018-02-02T22:24:39.350" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;So, are &quot;кусок сахару&quot; and &quot;чашка чаю&quot; just alternatives to &quot;кусок сахара&quot; and &quot;чашка чая&quot; respectively?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By and large they are. However this relates to your question # 2 and so some distinction could be drawn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Has partitive genitive in Russian the same function here? Like, &quot;Я хочу чаю&quot;, &quot;Я хочу сыру&quot;, in order to express desire for an indefinite&#xA;  amount of a feeding commodity?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say so. Because if a limited quantity substance was mentioned earlier (a pack of tea you have, a brick of cheese you bought) it would most likely be pointed at with regular genitive. It would serve as a kind of definite article &quot;&lt;strong&gt;the&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. Partitive genitive in such case would create a mixed message. To illustrate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Хочу сыру (I want some cheese)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -Так у тебя же в холодильнике лежит целая пачка (But you do have a pack in the fridge)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But i doubt anyone will be able to put in words the confusion it would create. Overall this is marginal, the slight difference in connotation will rather be simply dismissed by the interlocutor.&#xA;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;When referring to a commodity such as чай, сыр, сахар, is it better to&#xA;  use accusative (&quot;Я хочу чай&quot;) or genitive? If genitive, may I use &quot;Я&#xA;  хочу чая&quot; and &quot;Я хочу чаю&quot; interchangeably, or just чаю?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, genitive is the normative case here, but again the type of genitive may depend on the message the speaker wishes to convey as pointed out in the explanation above. Generally however they're interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;As a side, all the odd cases, unfortunately in my opinion, aren't formally taught in school and most people have no knowledge of their existence despite using them in their speech. So because of not being the formal part of modern Russian language rules set, they aren't well protected from attrition and are prone to corruption or falling out of use, which i think is what's happening in particular to genitive partitive.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-03T11:49:37.043" LastActivityDate="2018-02-03T11:49:37.043" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15539" CreationDate="2018-02-02T23:24:40.923" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;по моему так разницы нету.... &#xA;он сказал БЫ,&#xA;он БЫ сказал,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;можно так и так произносить писать. так же с фразой,&#xA;мы хотели БЫ,&#xA;мы БЫ хотели,&#xA;но выбирать надо что то одно)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion there is no difference ....&#xA;he said,&#xA;he would say,&#xA;you can so and so pronounce to write. so with the phrase,&#xA;we would like,&#xA;we would like,&#xA;but you have to choose something that one)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;правда перевод отличается если менять местами но на самом деле это не важно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10209" LastActivityDate="2018-02-02T23:24:40.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15686" CreationDate="2018-02-03T04:55:14.567" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если вопрос о смягчении &quot;г&quot;, то гласные и, е, ё, ю, я смягчают &lt;strong&gt;предыдущий&lt;/strong&gt; согласный. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;уголок --уголёк, глас – гляссе, гусь – гюйс.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правило, однако, не распространяется на шипящие ж, ш, ц , которые остаются твердыми &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;жили, жёлтый, шили&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Звуки &quot;ч, щ, й&quot; всегда мягкие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;щи, число.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Существуют исключения : например, &quot;е&quot; не всегда смягчает предыдущий согласный звук,особенно в иностранных словах:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;стресс, декольте, кашне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В слове &quot;гусь&quot; звук &quot;с&quot; смягчен мягким знаком, следующим за ним.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-02-03T05:45:30.253" LastActivityDate="2018-02-03T05:45:30.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15691" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15692" CreationDate="2018-02-03T08:11:53.110" Score="4" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У нас должна быть ясная голова, &lt;strong&gt;шобы&lt;/strong&gt; делать свою работу, да?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I gather it is equivalent to &quot;чтобы&quot;, given the context and that &quot;шо&quot; seems to be a distorted form of &quot;что&quot;, possibly of Ukrainian origin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-02-03T11:09:43.593" Title="How common is it to use &quot;шобы&quot; instead of &quot;чтобы&quot;? And how to use it?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15692" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15691" CreationDate="2018-02-03T10:31:10.390" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, in meaning &lt;strong&gt;шобы = чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; (and their respective shortened forms &lt;strong&gt;шоб = чтоб&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think this pertains to pronunciation in Russian Federation, in Ukraine however in informal loose speech it's very widespread, but still belongs to low register, which nobody seems to feel uncomfortable with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could be influenced by a native Ukrainian counterpart &lt;strong&gt;щоб(и) [щоб(ы)]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would not recommend using it at all, as it's a regionalism which must be accompanied with other regional features to sound authentic, if nothing else (not to speak of euphony, which it lacks). Otherwise it will sound out of place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-03T11:09:43.593" LastActivityDate="2018-02-03T11:09:43.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15693" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-03T22:02:07.317" Score="1" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ibb.co/mMSZG6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ibb.co/mMSZG6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ibb.co/bKqApR&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ibb.co/bKqApR&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ibb.co/iXUgw6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ibb.co/iXUgw6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the names of these? I assumed they were КолобоK and&lt;br&gt;&#xA;собака to say of some.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10216" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-03T22:26:29.797" LastActivityDate="2018-02-03T22:26:29.797" Title="Can anyone tell me the names of these Russian objects?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-02-06T08:10:01.637" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15693" CreationDate="2018-02-03T22:14:03.990" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Собака Жучка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wqUQv.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wqUQv.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Колобок&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6z7oP.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6z7oP.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дружинники&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CWZBA.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CWZBA.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Is this for a crossword?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-03T22:19:23.617" LastActivityDate="2018-02-03T22:19:23.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15695" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-04T03:55:51.733" Score="2" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;p&gt;I stopped for a minute trying to come up with a translation what would preserve the nuances, could not find any decent one. Need help&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;sorry for having to explain what's implied: the words at play are the &quot;most&quot; implying a winner of a contest that conflicts with &quot;okayest&quot; implying an absolute mediocre person who cannot win anything&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-04T16:43:58.457" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T09:14:36.323" Title="How would you say it in Russian: &quot;world's most okayest employee&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15695" CreationDate="2018-02-04T08:05:56.213" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My take:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;самый нормальный&lt;/strong&gt; (в мире)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;самый годный&lt;/strong&gt; (в мире)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously these don't have the double superlative. If it's indispensable for translation, then&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;самый зачётнейший&lt;/strong&gt; (в мире)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After being given the rundown, my suggestions are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;самому посредственному&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;самому неказистому&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;самому обыкновенному / среднестатистическому / ничем не примечательному /&#xA;невыдающемуся / заурядному&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-05T09:14:36.323" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T09:14:36.323" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15697" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15700" CreationDate="2018-02-04T13:25:57.040" Score="1" ViewCount="93" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was sent this meme by a friend, and although I can read and understand it in a literal sense, I am failing to understand what about the usage of these words is comical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the text roughly translates to &quot;Andre Ilyich is stern yet gentle to himself on the timetable- he glued a sticker of a cat&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that the gun would be the timetable. What is the play on words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/F2Azf.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4451" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-04T14:59:44.273" LastActivityDate="2018-02-04T14:59:44.273" Title="What is the play-on-words regarding the word &quot;табельный&quot; in this context?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;meme&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15698" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15701" CreationDate="2018-02-04T13:35:29.427" Score="2" ViewCount="70" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've found quite a few words, expressing quantity, which may be preceded by an accusative preposition and remain the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I'm not sure if they may be preceded by prepositions requiring different cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm talking about &lt;em&gt;много, мало, более, сколько, несколько, столько, больше,&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, in need of declining these adverbs, &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;несколько&lt;/strong&gt; may be replaced by the adjectives &lt;strong&gt;многие&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;несколькие&lt;/strong&gt;, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what about the other adverbs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I want to tell &lt;em&gt;&quot;to live with little money&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, does it make sense to say &lt;strong&gt;&quot;жить с мало денег&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;You can trade more than 60 cryptocurrencies&quot;&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Вы можете торговать более 60 криптовалют&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;? &#xA;(I know that &lt;em&gt;торговать&lt;/em&gt; normally is followed by instrumental).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, &lt;em&gt;&quot;We got to live with less money&quot;&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Мы стали жить с меньше денег&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;? &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Мы стали жить с деньгами поменьше&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-02-04T19:13:00.323" Title="Prepositions before adverbs" Tags="&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15697" CreationDate="2018-02-04T13:41:32.227" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Andrey Ilyich is stern yet gentle&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  onto his service &quot;TT&quot; gun&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  he glued a sticker with a &lt;em&gt;kitty&lt;/em&gt; from a gum&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Котэ&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is a Runet meme meaning cuteness, kind of &lt;em&gt;kawai&lt;/em&gt; in Japanese terms but less syrupy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's a play on the contrast between fondness of guns or occupation in some enforcement agency and having a cute bubble gum sticker on a weapon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikireality.ru/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8D&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt;'s a relevant article with some background on the meme (rus).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The poem itself is incidentally written in a meter similar (likely unintentionally) to the Japanese &lt;em&gt;haiku&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-04T14:45:51.807" LastActivityDate="2018-02-04T14:45:51.807" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15697" CreationDate="2018-02-04T13:43:56.787" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you misunderstood the timetable thing. &lt;code&gt;ТТ&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;Тульский Токарев&lt;/code&gt;, a handgun. &lt;code&gt;Табельное [оружие]&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ruwiki/1405020&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;служебное оружие&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; is a service pistol, issued to,&#xA; e.g. police officers. (By the way, &lt;code&gt;ТТ&lt;/code&gt; is not used as a service pistol anymore, as far as I know.) As &lt;code&gt;Токарев&lt;/code&gt; is a male surname, the adjective is used as &lt;code&gt;табельный&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the guy sticked a cute cate™ pic to his service pistol, which should be a pun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2018-02-04T13:43:56.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15698" CreationDate="2018-02-04T14:13:41.987" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;As far as I know, in need of declining these adverbs, &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; and&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;несколько&lt;/strong&gt; may be replaced by the adjectives &lt;strong&gt;многие&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;несколькие&lt;/strong&gt;, respectively.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;несколькие&lt;/strong&gt; is incorrect, its Nominative is still &lt;strong&gt;несколько&lt;/strong&gt;, but it declines in the rest of the cases&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If I want to tell &lt;em&gt;&quot;to live with little money&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, does it make sense to&#xA;  say &lt;strong&gt;&quot;жить с мало денег&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To express such ideas in Russian one needs to get creative by either adding words or replacing them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;жить &lt;strong&gt;с малым количеством&lt;/strong&gt; денег&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    or better yet&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  жить &lt;strong&gt;с небольшим количеством&lt;/strong&gt; денег&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;You can trade more than 60 cryptocurrencies&quot;&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Вы можете торговать более 60 криптовалют&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here to &lt;strong&gt;более&lt;/strong&gt; you add &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt; (just as in English &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;more than&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;) to first get to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы можете торговать &lt;strong&gt;более&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt; 60-ю (шестьюдесятью) криптовалют&lt;strong&gt;ами&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem here is that in Russian &lt;strong&gt;валюта&lt;/strong&gt; is a collective class name, whose plural is rarely used in Instrumental. Therefore to sound idiomatic the sentence needs to be modified into&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы можете торговать &lt;strong&gt;более&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt; 60-ю &lt;strong&gt;видами&lt;/strong&gt; криптовалют&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Finally, &lt;em&gt;&quot;We got to live with less money&quot;&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Мы стали жить с&#xA;  меньше денег&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;? &#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Мы стали жить с деньгами поменьше&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar to the example for the question #1&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы стали жить с &lt;strong&gt;меньшим количеством&lt;/strong&gt; денег  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;So let's try to sum up, for collective or uncountable nouns in cases other than Nominative and Accusative:&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; is declined in the form of &lt;strong&gt;большOе количество&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;мало&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;небольшое количество&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;более/больше&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;большEе количество&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;менее/меньше&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;меньшее количество&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;сколько&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;какое количество&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;столько&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;такое количество&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;несколько&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;некоторое количество&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;So basically in contrast with English the role of the main object is assumed by the word &lt;code&gt;количество&lt;/code&gt; while the word which was supposed to be the main object is inflected in Genitive answering the question &lt;code&gt;количество/а/у/ом/е чего?&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;em&gt;of money, of problems, of days&lt;/em&gt; etc. And if a collective noun clearly represents volume &lt;strong&gt;количество&lt;/strong&gt; can be substituted with &lt;strong&gt;объём&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-04T19:13:00.323" LastActivityDate="2018-02-04T19:13:00.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15702" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15703" CreationDate="2018-02-04T16:58:22.773" Score="5" ViewCount="198" Body="&lt;p&gt;From what I can tell, здоровым is the masculine/neuter instrumental case of здоровый.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I can't figure out is why the instrumental is used there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentence comes from a transcript found here: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianforfree.com/video-smeshariki-a977b78.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.russianforfree.com/video-smeshariki-a977b78.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pasted below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ка́рыч:  Не лежи́ на снегу́ - просту́дишься (3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бара́ш:  Ну и что? А смысл не просту́живаться (3)? (correct form*: не простужа́ться)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ка́рыч: Что́бы не боле́ть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бара́ш:  А смысл не боле́ть?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ка́рыч:  Что́бы быть здоро́вым, ёлки-иголки (4).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бара́ш:  А смысл быть здоро́вым?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ка́рыч:  Чуда́к (5)! Тебе́ что, не нра́вится быть здоро́вым?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бара́ш:  При чём здесь «нра́вится» и́ли «не нра́вится». Я не хочу́ быть БЕССМЫ́СЛЕННО здоро́вым.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ка́рыч:  Ай... Тебе́ ну́жен смысл?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10219" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T18:19:34.977" Title="Why is the instrumental case used in the sentence: Чтобы быть здоровым?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;essive&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15702" CreationDate="2018-02-04T17:56:01.743" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Object &lt;strong&gt;здоровым&lt;/strong&gt; here answers the question &lt;strong&gt;быть каким?&lt;/strong&gt; (to be which?) which defaults to Instrumental case&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;быть честным&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  быть сильной&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   быть (по)битым&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the verb &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt; the object defaults to Instrumental also when answering the question &lt;strong&gt;быть кем?&lt;/strong&gt; (to be whom?), only in this case the object is not an adjective but a noun&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;быть студентом&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  быть другом&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  быть героиней&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It needs to be memorized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-04T18:18:16.130" LastActivityDate="2018-02-04T18:18:16.130" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15706" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15708" CreationDate="2018-02-04T20:58:50.140" Score="2" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm definitely a beginner so apologies in advance for what may be silly questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is about this sentence, particularly around the use of &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне смысла в этой жизни и без Кузинатры хватает&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; is used with locations, directions, and time.  But here it's used with this life which doesn't seem to fit into any of those 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you clarify what &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; means here and in what cases are &lt;code&gt;этой&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;жизни&lt;/code&gt;.  The spelling alone is not sufficient as they both match many.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, what is the subject in this sentence (or of the propositional phrase)?  In easier examples, like &lt;code&gt;Он идёт в теа́тр&lt;/code&gt;, it's straightforward to see the subject (in nominative case) is &lt;code&gt;Он&lt;/code&gt;, but here there is &lt;code&gt;Мне&lt;/code&gt; which is either accusative or prepositional case, so I'm confused to say to least.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is from a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianforfree.com/video-smeshariki-a977b78.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cartoon with transcript&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below is the quoted dialog:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ка́рыч:  Тогда́ тебе́ нужна́ Кузина́тра (&quot;Кузина́тра&quot; is only a name).&#xA;Бара́ш:  Кака́я ещё Кузина́тра?&#xA;Ка́рыч:  Кузина́тра, даю́щая смысл.&#xA;Бара́ш:  Даааа! Она́ мне нужна́! Но где её иска́ть?&#xA;Ка́рыч:  Э́то о́чень далеко́. &#xA;Бара́ш:  За смы́слом хоть на край све́та (6). Веди́ меня́!&#xA;Ка́рыч:  Нет, мне в таку́ю даль пере́ться (7) не́ за чем. Мне смы́сла в э́той &#xA;жи́зни и без Кузина́тры хвата́ет.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10219" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-02-05T07:20:48.200" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T18:54:00.707" Title="Use of the preposition &quot;в&quot; unrelated to time/location/direction" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15706" CreationDate="2018-02-04T21:35:09.087" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this particular example 'в' is 'in'. That's how you specify your context or, if you wish, scope. So there are two possibilities there: &quot;мне смысла жизни мало&quot; or &quot;мне смысла &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; жизни мало&quot;. Both are very similar, though the second one &lt;strong&gt;could&lt;/strong&gt; but not necessarily has to be understood such that it references to the personal life of the author, not the Life as a phenom. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But as a beginner, please remember: &quot;в&quot; mostly always means &quot;in&quot;. So you might say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; такой ситуации&quot; - &quot;in such a situation&quot; or &quot;в возрасте&quot; which would mean that someone is not so young. Russians tend to use &quot;в&quot; quite a lot and not all of the usages can be literally translated with help of &quot;in&quot;, but &lt;strong&gt;essentially&lt;/strong&gt; the meaning holds: to be inside of something. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10221" LastActivityDate="2018-02-04T21:35:09.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15706" CreationDate="2018-02-05T09:45:43.343" Score="2" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;what is the subject in this sentence (?)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, there's a type of sentence with &lt;strong&gt;no subject&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;impersonal sentence&lt;/em&gt;) and your example belongs to it. In English translation, such sentences &lt;em&gt;take a subject&lt;/em&gt; like '&lt;strong&gt;there&lt;/strong&gt;' or '&lt;strong&gt;it&lt;/strong&gt;'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To understand how it works &lt;em&gt;literally&lt;/em&gt;, it might be useful to slightly change the word order in your Russian sentence,  just by moving the verb &lt;strong&gt;хватает&lt;/strong&gt; from the very end (where that verb sounds &lt;em&gt;emphasized&lt;/em&gt;) to a neutral position, just after the pronoun мне. It makes possible to match elementary Russian and English phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Мне хватает смысла (2) в этой жизни (3) и без Кузинатры.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) There is enough sense for me (2) in this life (3) without&#xA;  Cuisinatra as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, the English version has the subject '&lt;strong&gt;there&lt;/strong&gt;', &lt;em&gt;without&lt;/em&gt; a counterpart in the Russian sentence, while other words can be matched almost literally: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мне хватает = [it, there] is enough... for me;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;смысла (genitive case) = sense;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;в этой жизни = in this life;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;без Кузинатры = without Cuisinatra;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; (in this context) = as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;what в means here (?)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see from the comparison of parts (2), &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt; here  (&lt;em&gt;inside, within&lt;/em&gt; - possible in some other context).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;in what cases are этой and жизни (?)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The noun &lt;strong&gt;жизнь&lt;/strong&gt; and the pronoun &lt;strong&gt;эта&lt;/strong&gt; are in the &lt;strong&gt;prepositional&lt;/strong&gt; case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-02-05T18:54:00.707" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T18:54:00.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15709" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15756" CreationDate="2018-02-05T10:24:45.727" Score="3" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Интересный &lt;strong&gt;род занятий&lt;/strong&gt; она себе выбрала.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that &quot;занятий&quot; is in Genitive and only &quot;род&quot; takes the accusative case for the verb &quot;выбрала&quot;, I assume the sentence should be interpreted as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;She has chosen an interesting &lt;strong&gt;kind&lt;/strong&gt; (of all possible jobs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q1. Strictly speaking, in Russian, is it a &lt;strong&gt;kind&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;sort&lt;/strong&gt; that she has chosen, rather than a &lt;strong&gt;job&lt;/strong&gt; in Genitive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q2. Is it odd to use the genitive singular &quot;занятия&quot; and say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Интересный &lt;strong&gt;род занятия&lt;/strong&gt; она себе выбрала. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In stark contrast, in English, you say &quot;an interesting &lt;strong&gt;kind&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;job&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; {both in singular}, not &quot;an interesting &lt;strong&gt;kind&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;jobs&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. She has chosen a &lt;strong&gt;job&lt;/strong&gt; rather than a kind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-02-05T10:35:38.963" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T11:53:32.097" Title="Is it &quot;a kind&quot;, not &quot;a job&quot; that she has chosen in: &quot;Интересный род занятий она себе выбрала&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15709" CreationDate="2018-02-05T11:44:29.473" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q1. Strictly speaking, in Russian, is it a &lt;strong&gt;kind/sort&lt;/strong&gt; that she has&#xA;  chosen, rather than a &lt;strong&gt;job&lt;/strong&gt; in Genitive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd say it's both. It doesn't imply that she first had had some occupation and then chose its kind. &lt;strong&gt;Род занятий&lt;/strong&gt; (type of occupation) is a stable collocation in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One might as well say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Интересное занятие она себе выбрала&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the meaning is not very much different from the original phrase, but it sounds poor and skimpy in comparison with the original.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q2. Is it odd to use the genitive singular &quot;занятия&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes it is, mainly because it's a deviation from the stable collocation. But as a rule such words as &lt;strong&gt;род/вид/тип/категория/класс&lt;/strong&gt; call for plural form of the word they refer to (perhaps because they themselves encompass a host of objects, being umbrella terms). To quote another example from an answer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/15698/prepositions-before-adverbs&quot;&gt;another question&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы можете торговать более, чем 60-ю &lt;strong&gt;видами криптовалют&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For anglophone mindset one may rationalize it as &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;of all (types of)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;jobs&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;she's chosen this type&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-05T12:28:12.023" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T12:28:12.023" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15711" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15712" CreationDate="2018-02-05T12:55:20.863" Score="2" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если бы я знала, &lt;strong&gt;что тут будет&lt;/strong&gt;, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{If I had known what would happen here, I would not have come.}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The temptation is great to say &amp;quot;будет происходить&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;произойдёт&amp;quot;, but I wonder if &amp;quot;быть&amp;quot; alone is enough to express the idea of &amp;quot;happen&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если бы я знала, &lt;strong&gt;что тут будет&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;происходить&lt;/strong&gt;, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если бы я знала, &lt;strong&gt;что тут&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;произойдёт&lt;/strong&gt;, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T12:35:13.050" Title="Is &quot;что тут будет&quot; enough to express the idea of &quot;what would happen here&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15711" CreationDate="2018-02-05T13:24:15.943" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Если бы я знала, что тут будет&lt;/em&gt; - a little colloquial, but that's what people often say in the situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Если бы я знала, что тут будет происходить&lt;/em&gt; - means the same and neutrally styled&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Если бы я знала, что тут произойдёт&lt;/em&gt; - a valid phrase with slightly different meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the first two sentences refer to what continuously happens in general (like a lot of noise, consumption of alcohol etc.), the last sentence talks about some particular fact that have happened (somebody broke their hand, kitchen was burnt etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Если бы я знала, что тут будет&lt;/em&gt; -  can also have a different meaning: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;If I had known what would be [built | placed] here&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T13:24:15.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15711" CreationDate="2018-02-05T19:01:07.267" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Если бы я знала, что тут будет&quot;&lt;/code&gt; - as @AlexVB mentioned, this is colloquial. Using a phrase like this sounds too generic, like when a person can't find specific words to describe what is happening, or deliberately stays vague. Ex: &lt;code&gt;&quot;Я пришла, а там такое!&quot;&lt;/code&gt; - &quot;I've come, and there was this thing going on!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally, native speakers would try to be more specific with the phrase. &lt;code&gt;&quot;Если бы я знала, что тут будет X&quot;&lt;/code&gt; (where X is the name or description of the event or situation that distressed the speaker) is a more complete and literature-friendly phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2018-02-05T20:54:29.253" LastActivityDate="2018-02-05T20:54:29.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15714" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15717" CreationDate="2018-02-05T23:28:20.120" Score="2" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;Someone told me that it is incorrect to say &lt;code&gt;&quot;Я не люблю людей, моложе меня&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. The correct syntax, she said, is &lt;code&gt;&quot;Я не люблю людей, кто моложе меня&quot;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I got to know that, when using a comparative referring to people on a subordinate clause, the subordinate clause may not be introduced by the comparative (&lt;em&gt;моложе&lt;/em&gt;), but by a relative pronoun (&lt;em&gt;кто, который&lt;/em&gt;, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, what about things other than people? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I want to tell &lt;em&gt;&quot;I don't like cars older than 5 years&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, which of the following alternatives is valid?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; Я не люблю машин, что старше пяти лет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; Я не люблю машин, которые старше пяти лет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.&lt;/strong&gt; Я не люблю машин, которым более пяти лет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.&lt;/strong&gt; Я не люблю машин, чему более пяти лет. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-02-06T00:42:40.047" Title="Comparative in subordinate clauses" Tags="&lt;subordinate&gt;&lt;clauses&gt;&lt;comparative&gt;&lt;сравнительный&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15715" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15716" CreationDate="2018-02-05T23:37:30.717" Score="4" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that, when a number declines, all of its components decline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, the number 250.000 in instrumental would be &lt;strong&gt;двумястами пятьюдесятью тысячами.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I was wondering, would I ever need, in practice, to tell the number 250.000 in the instrumental case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example... &lt;code&gt;&quot;The price of our apartment was 250.000 euros&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. Does it make any sense to say &quot;Цена нашей квартиры была двумястами пятьюдесятью тысячами евро&quot;`?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-02-06T00:21:06.797" Title="Usage of declined numbers" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15715" CreationDate="2018-02-06T00:21:06.797" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In your particular example, 250,000 would be nominative to begin with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To take an example where you'd actually need instrumental, though — say, &quot;a suitcase with 250,000 euros in it&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чемодан с двумястами пятьюдесятью тысячами евро&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— if you're a radio/TV presenter, maybe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;чемодан с двухсот пятидесятью тысячами евро&lt;/code&gt;, or something equally haphazard along these lines&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— what you're probably going to get even from native Russian speakers in everyday life. We all struggle with numerals; it's an area in which Russian is currently shedding old complexity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's hard to imagine having to spell out such numerals in writing when you can just write the numbers, but theoretically, the same general rule applies: in a book or &quot;serious&quot; publication, you'll be expected to use the correct forms; informally, pretty much anything goes as long as it's &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; oblique form. If you look at the declension of &lt;strong&gt;сорок&lt;/strong&gt;, it's more or less how all numerals will probably end up eventually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-02-06T00:21:06.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15714" CreationDate="2018-02-06T00:42:40.047" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Strange advice. &lt;code&gt;Я не люблю людей, кто моложе меня&lt;/code&gt; is ungrammatical. Sounds like the kind of mistake an English speaker would make. &lt;strong&gt;Кто&lt;/strong&gt; never introduces a subordinate clause without a preceding form of &lt;strong&gt;тот&lt;/strong&gt; (in the appropriate gender, case, and number), unless the main clause's verb is imperative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я не люблю людей моложе меня&lt;/strong&gt; (no comma) is correct and that's how you should say it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я не люблю тех, кто моложе меня&lt;/strong&gt; is correct too but a bit too bookish for everyday speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я не люблю машин, что старше пяти лет.&lt;/strong&gt; — Accidentally sounds like a line of poetry. You'd rarely find &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; outside the poetic register (unless, of course, it's a &lt;strong&gt;тот, что&lt;/strong&gt; two-parter).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я не люблю машин, которые старше пяти лет.&lt;/strong&gt; — Okay.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я не люблю машин, которым более пяти лет.&lt;/strong&gt; — Better.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я не люблю машин, чему более пяти лет.&lt;/strong&gt; — If anything, this can be understood to somewhat clumsily try to say that the speaker has disliked cars for over five years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-02-06T00:42:40.047" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15718" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15720" CreationDate="2018-02-06T07:32:26.010" Score="4" ViewCount="221" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если &lt;strong&gt;уж&lt;/strong&gt; ты заговорил о Бельгии, Швейцарии, то покажи мне хоть одного шотландца или ирландца, не владеющего английским. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I usually associate &quot;уж&quot; or &quot;уже&quot; with the temporal sense &quot;already&quot;, but in this specific instance, it does not seem to fit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-02-07T13:11:38.683" Title="How to interpret &quot;уж&quot; in &quot;если уж&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13268" CreationDate="2018-02-06T08:07:14.643" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some of your variants seems natural for me, some - not. Also, it depends on context. For example, if someone asks you &quot;What time is it?&quot;, and you don't know the exact time, you can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;примерно семь пятнадцать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;начало восьмого&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is 7:50, you can say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Без чего-то восемь (eight without something)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to arrange a meeting, you can use all your variants (for me it seems OK). But note: &lt;code&gt;приблизительно в семь пятнадцать&lt;/code&gt; is a correct answer to question &quot;When you would like to meet?&quot;, while &lt;code&gt;приблизительно семь пятнадцать&lt;/code&gt; is a correct answer to &quot;What time is it?&quot; (but not vise versa). The preposition &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; here makes sense. The same rule works for &lt;code&gt;примерно [в] семь пятнадцать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2018-02-06T08:07:14.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15718" CreationDate="2018-02-06T09:41:41.467" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can think of the combination &lt;strong&gt;если уж&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;=since&lt;/strong&gt;) here as a result of a transformation from simply &lt;strong&gt;если&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;=if&lt;/strong&gt;). While the meaning '&lt;strong&gt;since&lt;/strong&gt;' is clear enough from the context even without &lt;strong&gt;уж&lt;/strong&gt;, the addition of it makes that sense clear even &lt;em&gt;without&lt;/em&gt; the context. Technically, you can still consider &lt;strong&gt;уж&lt;/strong&gt; a short version of '&lt;em&gt;[if] it's &lt;strong&gt;already&lt;/strong&gt; happened that...&lt;/em&gt;'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's an even stronger (but a bit more colloquial) Russian expression than &lt;em&gt;если уж&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;раз (уж)&lt;/strong&gt;, which carries the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;since&lt;/strong&gt; even in absence of &lt;strong&gt;уж&lt;/strong&gt;, which just adds some emphasis. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-02-06T09:41:41.467" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15721" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15722" CreationDate="2018-02-06T19:21:17.897" Score="5" ViewCount="198" Body="&lt;p&gt;Beginner here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to figure out the difference between &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;поде́лать&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;сделать&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the above wiktionary links, they both mean to make / to do and are both perfective verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are they synonyms?  In their some connotation difference between the two?  How would I know which to use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which one is correct (if any...): Я сделал ошибку vs Я поделал ошибку.  I seem to find way more examples of the former on &lt;a href=&quot;http://context.reverso.net/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D1%83&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;reverso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, they both list the imperfective form as &lt;code&gt;делать&lt;/code&gt;, so I am confused as to why &lt;code&gt;делать&lt;/code&gt; needs 2 perfective forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many thanks / большое спасибо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10219" LastActivityDate="2018-02-06T22:50:45.180" Title="поде́лать vs сделать, both mean to make/to do and are perfective" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15721" CreationDate="2018-02-06T20:35:11.687" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many Russian verbs have several perfect forms with prefixes &lt;code&gt;&quot;по-&quot;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&quot;с-&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;&quot;C-&quot;&lt;/code&gt; prefix usually means that the act is complete, while &lt;code&gt;&quot;по-&quot;&lt;/code&gt; means doing something without having a tangible result. Ex. &lt;code&gt;&quot;сходить&quot;&lt;/code&gt; - to go (and come back), &lt;code&gt;&quot;походить&quot;&lt;/code&gt; - to walk for a while.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of &lt;code&gt;&quot;делать&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, predominant perfect form is &lt;code&gt;&quot;сделать&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;&quot;Я сделал ошибку&quot;&lt;/code&gt; - &quot;I made a mistake&quot;. The word &lt;code&gt;&quot;поделать&quot;&lt;/code&gt; has a much more narrow use. Ex. &lt;code&gt;&quot;Он что-то там поделал&quot;&lt;/code&gt; - &quot;He did something there&quot;, the implied meaning is that the work was either incomplete or incompetent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is, however, one very common phrase with the word &lt;code&gt;&quot;поделать&quot;&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;&quot;Ничего не поделать&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, meaning &quot;There's nothing can be done&quot;. Using the word &lt;code&gt;&quot;сделать&quot;&lt;/code&gt; in this case will be inappropriate, unless we talk about an event in the past, when a window of opportunity to fix something existed, but now it's gone - &lt;code&gt;&quot;Ничего уже не сделаешь&quot;&lt;/code&gt; - &quot;Nothing can be done &lt;em&gt;now&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. The typical &quot;incomplete, intermittent&quot; meaning of &lt;code&gt;&quot;по-&quot;&lt;/code&gt; verbs does not hold true when there are no corresponding &lt;code&gt;&quot;с-&quot;&lt;/code&gt; verbs, or the &lt;code&gt;&quot;с-&quot;&lt;/code&gt; verb has a distinctly different meaning. In those cases &lt;code&gt;&quot;по-&quot;&lt;/code&gt; verbs describe successfully completed acts. Ex. &lt;code&gt;&quot;постирать&quot;&lt;/code&gt; - &quot;to wash&quot; (clothes), &lt;code&gt;&quot;починить&quot;&lt;/code&gt; - &quot;to fix&quot;. There are no respective words like &lt;code&gt;&quot;сстирать&quot;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&quot;счинить&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. Ex.2 &lt;code&gt;&quot;помыть&quot;&lt;/code&gt; - &quot;to wash&quot; (rigid object) - the word &lt;code&gt;&quot;смыть&quot;&lt;/code&gt; - &quot;to wash something away&quot; - has a different meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2018-02-06T22:50:45.180" LastActivityDate="2018-02-06T22:50:45.180" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15718" CreationDate="2018-02-07T13:02:28.883" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I usually associate &amp;quot;уж&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;уже&amp;quot; with the temporal sense &amp;quot;already&amp;quot;, but in this specific instance, it does not seem to fit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;True. The most common setting to use this expression is something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Если уж он зашел в этот магазин, [то] он купит то-то и то-то.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Если уж ты слил всю заварку чаю, [то] будь добр заварить свежую.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the addition of &amp;quot;уж&amp;quot; puts special emphasis on the &amp;quot;Если ... [то] &amp;quot; (&amp;quot;If ... then ...&amp;quot;) pair. Depending on context/intonation it can be expression of annoyance, emphasis of necessity and other things. It also may imply that the condition (if ... part) is rare and if it happens at all, the conditioned part (to ... part) happens for sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the particualr example in your question &amp;quot;уж&amp;quot; imply that Irish and Scottish people virtually always speak English, the speaker dares you to prove otherwise, and it has clear consequence for some situation with Belgium/Sweden.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-07T13:11:38.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15727" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15728" CreationDate="2018-02-07T21:21:00.400" Score="0" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does &lt;code&gt;тупенькая&lt;/code&gt; means in below sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;-Ты говоришь по-английски?&#xA;&#xA;-Нет, я тупенькая )&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4511" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-07T22:05:41.987" LastActivityDate="2018-02-08T12:24:25.683" Title="тупенькая meaning" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;суффиксы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15727" CreationDate="2018-02-07T22:04:26.647" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &lt;em&gt;thick (headed)&lt;/em&gt;. Grammatically it is the word &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;тупая&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; with the suffix &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-еньк&lt;/strong&gt;(ая)&lt;/em&gt; (-ая is ending)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-еньк&lt;/strong&gt; (-оньк)&lt;/em&gt; is a suffix of adjectives, adverbs and nouns which imparts them diminutive connotation to either downtone their rudeness (as in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;тупенькая&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;тупая&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;), make them sound gentle or, in case of adverbs, to reduce their intensity and absoluteness&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;малый/ая - мал&lt;strong&gt;еньк&lt;/strong&gt;ий/ая&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  чёрный/ая - чёрн&lt;strong&gt;еньк&lt;/strong&gt;ий/ая&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  скоро - скор&lt;strong&gt;еньк&lt;/strong&gt;о&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  тихо - тих&lt;strong&gt;оньк&lt;/strong&gt;о&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  дочка - доч&lt;strong&gt;еньк&lt;/strong&gt;а&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  папа - пап&lt;strong&gt;еньк&lt;/strong&gt;а (archaic)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  мама - мам&lt;strong&gt;еньк&lt;/strong&gt;а (archaic)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Петя - Пет&lt;strong&gt;еньк&lt;/strong&gt;а&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Катя - Кат&lt;strong&gt;еньк&lt;/strong&gt;а&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  деревня - дерев&lt;strong&gt;еньк&lt;/strong&gt;а&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-08T12:24:25.683" LastActivityDate="2018-02-08T12:24:25.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15729" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15749" CreationDate="2018-02-07T22:59:48.380" Score="2" ViewCount="171" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both mean &quot;nothing&quot; as far as I understand, so what is the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10237" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T14:37:08.827" Title="What's the difference between ничем and ничего?" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15730" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15732" CreationDate="2018-02-08T02:49:04.707" Score="3" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been having a hard time trying to find out when был is followed by nominative and when it is followed by instrumental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Это даже не был &lt;strong&gt;дом&lt;/strong&gt;, а ветх&lt;strong&gt;ая&lt;/strong&gt; сторожк&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;, стоявш&lt;strong&gt;ая&lt;/strong&gt; в глубине сада.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Пушкин был велик&lt;strong&gt;ий&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;поэт&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Стоимость квартиры была &lt;strong&gt;двести пятьдесять&lt;/strong&gt; тысяч (250.000) евро &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дорога была ровн&lt;strong&gt;ой&lt;/strong&gt; и однообразн&lt;strong&gt;ой&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does был + nominative have any imperfective connotation, whereas был + instrumental has a perfective one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-25T20:36:59.507" LastActivityDate="2018-11-25T20:36:59.507" Title="Declension after &quot;был&quot;" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;essive&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="15731" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-08T03:06:29.883" Score="5" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Even though the letter &lt;strong&gt;щ&lt;/strong&gt; is many times transliterated as &lt;strong&gt;shch&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;shtch&lt;/strong&gt; (depending on the transliteration language), is it actually pronounced as &lt;strong&gt;[шч]&lt;/strong&gt;, or rather, as an extended &lt;strong&gt;[ш]&lt;/strong&gt;, or as a double &lt;strong&gt;[шш]&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is letter &lt;strong&gt;х&lt;/strong&gt; equivalent of English &lt;strong&gt;h&lt;/strong&gt;, of French &lt;strong&gt;r&lt;/strong&gt; (like in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/strong&gt;éponse&lt;/em&gt;), or something in-between?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is &lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt; a fusion of the almost deaf &lt;strong&gt;&quot;e&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; in French (&lt;em&gt;crêp&lt;strong&gt;e&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;joli&lt;strong&gt;e&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) and a short &lt;strong&gt;[й]&lt;/strong&gt; sound?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Does letter &lt;strong&gt;ъ&lt;/strong&gt; extend the preceding consonant?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Does letter &lt;strong&gt;ь&lt;/strong&gt; shorten the preceding consonant?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="8780" LastEditDate="2018-02-08T11:13:45.730" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T13:42:52.580" Title="Pronunciation of some letters" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15730" CreationDate="2018-02-08T03:56:06.673" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;был + nominative means constant (not temporary) feature.  For example, you can say both &lt;code&gt;Горький был писателем&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Горький был писатель&lt;/code&gt; (the latter is colloqiual). You, however, cannot say &lt;code&gt;Горький был грузчик&lt;/code&gt;, because his work as a loader was temporary.  You should say &lt;code&gt;Горький был грузчиком&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-02-08T03:56:06.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15730" CreationDate="2018-02-08T07:56:46.220" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the past tense, predicate nouns that are linked to the subject through the forms был/была́/бы́ли can be in either the nominative or instrumental cases. There is a lot of variation. A basic rule of thumb is that the predicate noun will be in the nominative case if it refers to some &lt;strong&gt;permanent&lt;/strong&gt; quality (such as nationality), but in the instrumental case for a quality/feature that is &lt;strong&gt;changeable&lt;/strong&gt; (such as profession).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See more information here &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/13103/translation-for-when-i-was-young&quot;&gt;Translation for &amp;quot;When I was young&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пушкин был великим поэтом. (Normal usage)&#xA;  Пушкин был великий поэт (Colloquial )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-02-08T08:13:27.160" LastActivityDate="2018-02-08T08:13:27.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15735" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15736" CreationDate="2018-02-08T08:41:59.870" Score="3" ViewCount="257" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does the girl asks in below sentence? I didn't understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;-Boy: ты такой красивая)&#xA;-Girl: Какой?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4511" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T11:28:19.317" Title="Какой? meaning in a specific answer" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15735" CreationDate="2018-02-08T08:57:06.180" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;It should be &quot;так&lt;strong&gt;ая&lt;/strong&gt;/как&lt;strong&gt;ая&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The boy says &quot;you are so beautiful!&quot; and the girl asks what kind of beautiful the boy means, what kind of &quot;so&quot;, how much &quot;so&quot; this &quot;so&quot; is. Flirting she is, I would say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2018-02-08T08:57:06.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15731" CreationDate="2018-02-08T09:05:57.717" Score="5" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Щ&quot; is neither [шч], nor extended [ш] nor double [ш]. It's a soft &quot;ш&quot;, similar to &quot;ch&quot; in &quot;Chicago&quot; and to &quot;x&quot; in Portuguese &quot;xicara&quot;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;х&quot; is similar to English &quot;h&quot; in &quot;house&quot;, &quot;home&quot;, &quot;hay&quot; etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;ы&quot; is a hard case :) Say &quot;ee&quot; (as in &quot;beef&quot;) and then try to move your tongue backwards. That sound would be quite close to &quot;ы&quot;. Another method: start saying &quot;oo&quot; (as in &quot;book&quot;) and the move your lips like you wants to say &quot;ee&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;no, unlike some languages there's no long and short consonants and vowels in Russian.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;no.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-02-08T09:12:22.367" LastActivityDate="2018-02-08T09:12:22.367" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15738" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15739" CreationDate="2018-02-08T11:22:55.220" Score="9" ViewCount="557" Body="&lt;p&gt;Even though the word &lt;strong&gt;мечта&lt;/strong&gt; officially has no genitive plural, is it possible to say &lt;strong&gt;мечт&lt;/strong&gt; colloquially, or use &lt;strong&gt;мечтаний&lt;/strong&gt; as an alternative?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like, &quot;That's one of my dreams&quot;. &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Это одна из моих мечт&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Это одно из моих мечтаний&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-02-08T21:19:10.107" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T15:06:46.203" Title="Genitive plural of &quot;мечта&quot;" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15738" CreationDate="2018-02-08T11:49:25.723" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can not say &lt;strong&gt;мечт&lt;/strong&gt;; this is definetely incorrect. The word &lt;strong&gt;мечтаниe&lt;/strong&gt; has a slightly different meaning: it's &lt;strong&gt;dreaming&lt;/strong&gt; in English and it's more about the process of thinking of your dream. So there is no genitive plural of &lt;strong&gt;мечта&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian, but you can say that using another word - &lt;strong&gt;Это одно из моих желаний&lt;/strong&gt;. This phrase has exactly the same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10238" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-02-09T08:42:07.697" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T08:42:07.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15740" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15729" CreationDate="2018-02-08T12:05:29.763" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ничем&lt;/strong&gt; is declension of &lt;strong&gt;ничто&lt;/strong&gt; in instrumental form (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_declension&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian_declension&lt;/a&gt;). Example: negotiations ended with nothing - переговоры закончились &lt;strong&gt;ничем&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10238" LastEditorUserId="10238" LastEditDate="2018-02-09T14:37:08.827" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T14:37:08.827" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15741" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15746" CreationDate="2018-02-08T12:56:28.007" Score="2" ViewCount="551" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read that verbs &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ждать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;петь&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;пить&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;спать&lt;/strong&gt; have no gerund (деепричастие).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if I ever need to convey a progressive mood of these verbs (respectively, &lt;em&gt;eating, waiting, being able to, singing, drinking, sleeping&lt;/em&gt;), is there a way around? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-08T16:35:41.920" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T09:25:15.143" Title="Verbs with no gerund" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15741" CreationDate="2018-02-08T13:18:28.367" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If you mean a verb:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since there is no progressive mood in Russian you don't have to worry. Just use present, past or future tense and &amp;quot;сейчас&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;в тот момент&amp;quot; or whatever is suitable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am eating  - Я (сейчас) ем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She was singing when I came in - Когда я вошёл, она пела.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tomorrow midnight, we will be drinking champagne  - Завтра в полночь мы будем пить шампанское.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If you mean a noun:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You don't have to worry again. Just use the verb itself or the coresponding noun:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I love singing - Я люблю петь / Я люблю пение&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I like her singing - Мне нравится, как она поет / Мне нравится её пение&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eating was their favorite pleasure - (По)есть было их любимым удовльствием / Еда была их любимым удовольствием.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-08T14:24:16.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15743" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15741" CreationDate="2018-02-08T13:18:53.150" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you mean continious aspect, we don't have it. We have one present, one past and one future. So it doesn't matter if it happens every day or now, we have got one form &quot;Я ем, ты ешь, он, она ест, мы едим, вы едите, они едят.&quot; You can only add when. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you mean деепричастие, that's another question. Yes, there's a way.&#xA;For example &quot;we went along the road singing&quot;. There's no деепричастие настоящего времени, but you can always say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы шли по дороге и пели.(The idea is the same, that of the simultaneous action).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also use synonyms:for ждать, ожидая, for есть– жуя, кушая,for пить - отпивая,запивая,глотая etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-02-08T15:18:49.870" LastActivityDate="2018-02-08T15:18:49.870" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15738" CreationDate="2018-02-08T14:19:44.170" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some words simply lack required forms to use them in certain ways. мечты does not have a genitive. Because of this putting it where it would require a genitive is impossible. It's a restriction. In such cases you often have to completely change the entire sentence rather than changing words. For instance you could say: Я об этом мечтал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10240" LastActivityDate="2018-02-08T14:19:44.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15731" CreationDate="2018-02-08T15:54:34.740" Score="5" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Щ:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;[шч]&lt;/code&gt; is a relic. It lingers in transliteration and some textbooks, but that pronunciation went pretty much extinct towards the end of the 20th century. Modern &lt;strong&gt;щ&lt;/strong&gt; is an extended, palatalised (soft, &quot;sharp&quot;) &lt;code&gt;[ш’:]&lt;/code&gt;. Meaning it's closer to the English &lt;code&gt;sh&lt;/code&gt; than basic &lt;code&gt;[ш]&lt;/code&gt; — in fact, it &quot;overshoots&quot; the English sound and ends up even further in the back, and even sharper-sounding.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Х:&lt;/strong&gt; Spanish &lt;code&gt;j&lt;/code&gt; as in &lt;strong&gt;Juana&lt;/strong&gt;. German &lt;code&gt;ch&lt;/code&gt; as in &lt;strong&gt;machen&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; as in &lt;strong&gt;Milch&lt;/strong&gt;). Scottish &lt;strong&gt;loch&lt;/strong&gt; if pronounced authentically. More intense than English &lt;code&gt;h&lt;/code&gt;, and completely unvoiced. Nothing like the French uvular &lt;code&gt;r&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ы:&lt;/strong&gt; a single vowel. Transliteration conventions tend to obscure the fact that it's fairly close to the English &lt;code&gt;[i]&lt;/code&gt;, especially American English and especially after non-plosives, as in &lt;strong&gt;sift&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;lid&lt;/strong&gt;. Still, it's pronounced noticeably further in the back of the mouth. Turkish undotted &lt;code&gt;ı&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;balık&lt;/strong&gt;) is more or less the same sound.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ъ, Ь:&lt;/strong&gt; I have to disagree with Abakan, Russian doubled consonants are technically &quot;long&quot;, but that's not what these letters do. Word-finally, &lt;strong&gt;ь&lt;/strong&gt; palatalises/&quot;softens&quot; the preceding consonant (hence the name &quot;soft sign&quot;); mid-word, both are basically pronounced &lt;code&gt;[j]&lt;/code&gt;. The difference is supposed to be that the consonant before &lt;strong&gt;ъ&lt;/strong&gt; isn't supposed to palatalise (hence the name &quot;hard sign&quot;), but a lot of the time, most speakers including myself palatalise it anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-02-08T15:54:34.740" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15741" CreationDate="2018-02-08T16:17:23.240" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Gerund&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;есть - поедание (ядение - archaic)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ждать - ожидание&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мочь - обладание способностью, способность&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;петь - на/рас-певание, пение&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пить - рас/вы-пивание, распитие&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;спать - сон&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When i use gerund forms in my speech i often pause fabricating a proper form in my head, because they're not very typical for Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For some verbs gerund and a noun can be the same word like for &lt;strong&gt;спать&lt;/strong&gt;, therе's a word &lt;strong&gt;спаньё&lt;/strong&gt;, but it's very low register by modern standards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;In constructions where English would have a gerund Russian, particularly in its spoken form, has subordinate clause with a verb, e.g.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Instead of &lt;strong&gt;singing&lt;/strong&gt; you'd better do some work&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Вместо &lt;strong&gt;того, чтобы петь&lt;/strong&gt;, ты бы лучше поработал&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;An equivalent with gerund such as &quot;&lt;em&gt;Вместо &lt;strong&gt;пения&lt;/strong&gt; ты бы лучше поработал&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is also correct but isn't very usable.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the question was about &lt;strong&gt;present participle&lt;/strong&gt; rather than gerund, then the  modified list is as follows&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;есть - по/съ-едая&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ждать - ожидая&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мочь - умея, обладая способностью&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;петь - на/рас-певая&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пить - рас/вы-пивая&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;спать - находясь/пребывая во сне&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As evident from the list quite a few of them can form present participle through addition of a prefix&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-09T07:59:31.930" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T07:59:31.930" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15738" CreationDate="2018-02-08T22:20:38.890" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Linguist Andrey Zaliznyak in his authoritative &lt;i&gt;Грамматический словарь русского языка. Словоизменение.&lt;/i&gt; gives the genitive plural of &amp;quot;мечта&amp;quot; as &amp;quot;мечт&amp;quot; while noting that this form is &amp;quot;awkward&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the introduction he explains what he means by “awkward” using “мечт” as one of his examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Возможен также случай, когда способ образования потенциальной формы однозначен, однако построенная таким образом форма воспринимается как нежелательная. Практически это выражается в тем, что носители литературного русского языка в тех случаях, когда им в речи требуется по смыслу данная форма, обычно испытывают затруднение и нередко предпочитают обойтись вообще без этой формы, заменив слово синонимом или перестроив синтаксическую конструкцию. Таковы, например, формы: брюзг, мечт, башок (от брюзга́, мечта́, башка́), галжу́, дужу́ (от галдеть, дудеть). Причины подобного затруднения могут быть различными. По-видимому, чаще всего причина состоит в том, что в таких формах ударение или вид основы слишком сильно отклоняется от остальных форм парадигмы (прежде всего, от исходной формы) [footnote omitted] в других случаях слишком непривычно образование соответствующих форм от основ с определенным суффиксом (например, кратких форм от основ с суффиксом -ск-, ср. дереве́нский, све́тский, геро́йский); иногда источник затруднения не вполне ясен (ср., например, пиша́ от писа́ть).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There will also be cases where the means of making a potential form is clear, however the form so produced is considered undesirable. The practical result is that when the meaning conveyed in speech requires the given form, a native speaker of Russian ordinarily experiences a certain awkwardness and it is not seldom that will he prefer to do without that form entirely, replacing it with a synonym or altering the syntactical construction. Such forms include: брюзг, мечт, башок (from брюзга́, мечта́, башка́), галжу́, дужу́ (from галдеть, дудеть). This awkwardness may have various causes. It would seem that most often the cause is that in such forms the stress or the form of the stem differs too markedly from the other forms in the paradigm (particularly from the initial form). In other cases [the problem is] the these forms are derived from a starting form with a particular subject in a way which is too unusual (for example, a short from from a starting form with the suffix  -ск-, ср. дереве́нский, све́тский, геро́йский); occasionally the source of the awkwardness is not entirely clear (compare for example пиша́ from писа́ть).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Указанная особенность потенциальной формы отражается в словаре пометой “затрудн.”, т. е. образование данной фермы затруднительно (или равносильным этой помете условным знаком). Например, при слове башка дано указание “Р. мн. затрудн.”, при слове галдеть — “наст. 1 ед. затрудн.”. Помета “затрудн.” может стоять и в тех случаях, когда форма допускает два варианта образования; она показывает здесь, что затруднение вызывают оба варианта формы; см., например, статью гулкий.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That a potential form has this feature is expressed in this dictionary by the note “awk.”, i.e., the production of this form is awkward (or an equivalent symbol). For example next to the word башка is the notation “g. pl. awk.”, next to the word галдеть — “pres. 1st sing. awk.”. The notation “awk.” may also be present in cases where there are two possible forms; here it indicates that both possibilities are awkward; for example, see the entry гулкий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Таким образом, указание о том, что образование некоторой формы затруднительно или что сведения об этой форме носят предположительный характер, всегда означает, что данная форма малоупотребительна. Однако обратное неверно: далеко не про всякую малоупотребительную форму дается какое-либо из этих указаний.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, the notation that the production of a particular form is awkward or that the information about the form is conjectural always means that the form in question is seldom-used. However the opposite is not the case: it is hardly true that every seldom-used form bears such a notation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Заметим, что между затрудненным образованием формы (помета “затрудн.”) и ее отсутствием (помета “нет”, см. стр. 5) в действительности нет резкой границы; поэтому в переходных случаях выбор той или другой пометы в известной мере условен.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that there is no sharp distinction is possible between words which are awkward (noted “awk.”) and forms which are absent (noted as “non-existent”, see page 5), thus in edge cases the choice of one or the other of these notations is understood to be in some degree arbitrary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in conclusion, from the standpoint of morphology the genitive plural of “мечта” is unquestionably “мечт”. However native speakers find it awkward and seldom use it. Ozhegov’s dictionary famously suggests “мечтаний” as a substitute. But &amp;quot;мечт&amp;quot; is used occasionally and after researching the matter I can find no argument that it is objectively incorrect. It seems it’s use is just one of those things people love to criticize like ending an English sentence with a preposition. If it is rejected, it is rejected on stylistic, not grammatical grounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is extensive discussion of this issue on the Internet. Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/lenta/news/8_3290&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/13617/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5&quot;&gt;Stackexchange: «Мечта» во множественном числе&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T15:06:46.203" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15729" CreationDate="2018-02-09T07:00:21.963" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian declension is a very complex system. Its grammatical cases (падежи) sometimes can be very tricky and confusing, however there are some rules that can help you to understand them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, you actually have the same word in two different cases. The first one, &quot;ничем&quot;, is an instrumental grammatic case for the main - so called, nominative - case &quot;ничего&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All six grammatic cases in order:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Именительный падеж/nominative case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ничего&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Родительный падеж/genitive case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ничего&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дательный падеж/dative case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ничему&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Винительный падеж/accusative case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ничего&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Творительный падеж/instrumental case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ничем&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Предложный падеж/prepositional case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Exception)&#xA;Ни (о/в) чем&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's totally OK to say: &quot;Он абсолютно ничего не сделал&quot;/&quot;He has done absolutely nothing&quot;, while &quot;Он абсолютно ничем не сделал&quot; is incorrect, even though the majority of Russians  would understand you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Number of cases in Russian language can differ in different textbooks, but I cannot mention any noun that would not have any of these grammatic cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10246" LastEditorUserId="10246" LastEditDate="2018-02-09T08:54:27.350" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T08:54:27.350" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15735" CreationDate="2018-02-09T07:16:46.503" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The girl's question is very close in meaning to &quot;What do you mean by this?&quot;. Possible answers she probably expects are &quot;You have charming eyes&quot;/&quot;У тебя замечательные глаза&quot;, &quot;Nice waist&quot;/&quot;У тебя неплохая фигура&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: the translated sentences above are not identic because of the difference between English and Russian languages and their traditions (&quot;неплохая талия&quot; is a good translation but it has slightly more sexual context, while the word &quot;фигура&quot; is absolutely neutral).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10246" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T07:16:46.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15686" CreationDate="2018-02-09T07:40:40.143" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Гус - is very close in pronunciation to &quot;goose&quot; except for the duration of &quot;u&quot; sound. In &quot;гус&quot;, it's pronounced way shorter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гусь - compared to &quot;гус&quot;, has different sound in the end. &quot;Ь&quot; letter is not pronounced. Yet, it makes the consonant it stays after soft. This letter in Russian is called &quot;мягкий знак&quot;/&quot;soft sign&quot;. However, it can do nothing in such words as &quot;ночь&quot;, &quot;тишь&quot;, &quot;мышь&quot; because they belong to the 3rd declesion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гюсь - sounds very similar to &quot;гусь&quot;, but lettet &quot;ю&quot; makes the consonant it stands after soft. (Note: I also pronounce it as something between &quot;и&quot; and &quot;у&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10246" LastEditorUserId="10246" LastEditDate="2018-02-09T08:57:19.153" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T08:57:19.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15741" CreationDate="2018-02-09T08:33:17.403" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I read that verbs есть, ждать, мочь, петь, пить, спать have no gerund (деепричастие).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if I ever need to convey a progressive mood of these verbs (respectively, eating, waiting, being able to, singing, drinking, sleeping), is there a way around?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В русском языке мы обычно говорим &amp;quot;когда (можно заменить на &amp;quot;пока&amp;quot;) я что-то делал(а)...&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда я ел, я оглядывал роскошный кабинет директора.&#xA;Пока я ел, мои новые знакомые то и дело пытались обокрасть меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно уточнить о каком приеме пищи идет речь:&#xA;Завтракая/обедая/ужиная&#xA;За завтраком/полдником/обедом/ужином&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно сказать иначе, если прием пищи неплотный:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Перекусывая (название еды)&#xA;За перекусом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если текст неформальный или литературный, можно использовать следующее:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Уплетая (пищу/бутерброд/шоколад...)&#xA;Треская (название еды)&#xA;Поглощая (название еды) - подчеркивает огромные количества съеденного&#xA;Пожирая (название еды) - оскорбительно, подчеркивает чудовищно огромные количества съеденного.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хотя есть и другие фразы:&#xA;Принимая пищу&#xA;За приемом пищи&#xA;Принимая трапезу (звучит несколько устаревше)&#xA;За приемом трапезы&#xA;Трапезничая (абсолютно устарело)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ждать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть слово с чрезвычайно близким к нему значением - &amp;quot;ожидать&amp;quot;, которое имеет деепричастие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ожидая автомеханика, я перекидывался редкими язвительными замечаниями о качестве дорог.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Помимо этого, в русском языке есть устойчивое выражение &amp;quot;считать минуты&amp;quot;, которое означает &amp;quot;с нетерпением ждать чего-то&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Считая минуты до следующего свидания со своей любимой, студент, окрещенный мной &amp;quot;Ромео&amp;quot;, перебирал струны гитары и заливался пением.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еще один способ заменить деепричастие для &amp;quot;ждать&amp;quot; - заменить его &amp;quot;дожидаясь&amp;quot;. Оно подчеркивает продолжительность ожидания.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для меня его корректно использовать разве что для прошедшего времени и для чего-то регулярно совершаемого.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дожидаясь моей подруги сердца, я с нетерпением смотрел на часы, стрелки которых едва ползли по циферблату, тем самым вызывая во мне бурю эмоций.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мочь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Умея&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Умея писать программы как на Java, так и на C++, мой друг получал нескромное количество заказов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Имея возможность/возможности&#xA;Обладая возможностью/возможностями&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Даже имея возможность скрыться с места преступления, он решил сдаться полиции из-за терзаний совести.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Множественное число показывает, что возможности были шире/многочисленние.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Петь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Напевать - петь легко и беззаботно, чаще всего тихо. Есть деепричастие напевая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Распевать - петь широко, громко. Есть деепричастие распевая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Заливаяться пением - петь увлеченно, чаще всего - громко. Деепричастный оборот - заливаясь пением.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10246" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T09:25:15.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15735" CreationDate="2018-02-09T11:28:19.317" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It must be said that the phrase &lt;strong&gt;ты такой красивая)&lt;/strong&gt; is grammatically incorrect. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct form MUST be &lt;em&gt;ты такая красивая&lt;/em&gt; (feminine for both pronoun and adjective, if you refer to a female).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suggest that it's kind of a joke based on a grammatical mistake with some gender association due to this mistake. The boy makes a mistake - uses masculine pronoun instead of feminine (not clear why he makes it, intentionally or not), the girl replies &lt;em&gt;какой?&lt;/em&gt; (continuing to make this mistake, in her case she is doing it intentionally), thus producing some comic effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T11:28:19.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15731" CreationDate="2018-02-09T12:21:45.790" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Щ&lt;/strong&gt; is also quite close to an Italian consonant, as in &lt;em&gt;prosciutto&lt;/em&gt;. But a bit harder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T12:21:45.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15711" CreationDate="2018-02-09T12:35:13.050" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the original phrase is more colloquial and probably may be emotional, it sounds perfectly fine to me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your temptation is grammatically correct, but using &quot;будет происходить&quot; or &quot;произойдёт&quot; makes it more formal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess in most situations it would be enough (if the context is clear) to use it to express the idea of 'happen'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T12:35:13.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15709" CreationDate="2018-02-09T13:37:47.757" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Q1. From a speaker's perspective it's more practical to see &lt;strong&gt;род занятий&lt;/strong&gt; as a single entity. Thus you can compare it with 'She chose this activity (domain, job, area, field, etc.)'. Strictly speaking, grammatically strict, she chose a &lt;strong&gt;род&lt;/strong&gt; (which is important for a learner to see), but as soon as you understand the grammatical structure it makes sense to look at the whole sentence and it's implication, which suggests thinking of the phrase &lt;strong&gt;род занятий&lt;/strong&gt; as one whole. And in that sense she chose an activity, area or job (depending on your context).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Example&lt;/strong&gt;: &#xA;  Какой у неё род занятий? - Она музыкант. &#xA;  Compare: What does she do? - She is a musician. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q2. Googling &lt;strong&gt;род занятия&lt;/strong&gt; results in Google automatically yielding &quot;род занятий&quot;. This must be an ablsolutely stable collocation. On the other hand you have a similar phrase &lt;strong&gt;род деятельности&lt;/strong&gt; - singl. (usually implies 'job').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To research for &lt;strong&gt;род&lt;/strong&gt; I used paper copy of &lt;em&gt;Большой толковый словарь РЯ (Кузнецов)&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;Here is the way to online &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.endic.ru/kuzhecov/Rod-42681.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; (entry 4 is of interest).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T13:37:47.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15731" CreationDate="2018-02-09T13:42:52.580" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The closest English sound to Щ would be, indeed, [ch] in  Chicago. The difference is that [ch] is pronounced by unblocking passage of air that was blocked by tongue and [щ] is a continous sound, similar to [sh] . \&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pronouncion of many words containing Щ can be found online, see, for example Щука on Forvo.com&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;link: &lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%89%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%89%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastActivityDate="2018-02-09T13:42:52.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15758" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15759" CreationDate="2018-02-10T08:34:50.207" Score="4" ViewCount="253" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ни &lt;strong&gt;хрена&lt;/strong&gt; подобного.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, the genitive &quot;хрена&quot; is pronounced as &quot;хре́на&quot;, correct? I wonder why in this specific instance, the accent has to be moved to the last letter: &quot;хрена́&quot;, thereby altering the pronunciation of the word completely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-02-10T12:18:04.420" Title="Why pronounce &quot;хрена&quot; differently in &quot;ни хрена подобного&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15758" CreationDate="2018-02-10T09:01:39.003" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It tries to fit the stress pattern of &lt;strong&gt;ничего&lt;/strong&gt;. The same happens with &lt;strong&gt;ни черта́&lt;/strong&gt; despite &lt;strong&gt;чёрт&lt;/strong&gt; not normally having a mobile stress paradigm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that expressions like &lt;strong&gt;ни хрена&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;до хрена&lt;/strong&gt; and their variations with other nouns, including the obscene one, have become adverbialised to the extent that it's more common to spell them &lt;strong&gt;нихрена&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;дохрена&lt;/strong&gt;. There's also the salient case of &lt;strong&gt;нахрена́&lt;/strong&gt; (&quot;why the hell...&quot;), which, on top of the odd stress placement, is not ever properly inflected: this strongly suggests that analogy-based formation patterns have taken over from inflection-based ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-02-10T09:01:39.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15758" CreationDate="2018-02-10T12:18:04.420" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase &lt;code&gt;&quot;ни хрена подобного&quot;&lt;/code&gt; is a fairly swear one. It implies that it is commonly used among poorly educated people who are more likely to live in rural areas of Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As &lt;code&gt;Nikolay Ershov&lt;/code&gt; mentioned earlier, such phrases as &lt;code&gt;&quot;ни черта подобного&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;&quot;ни хрена подобного&quot;&lt;/code&gt; (and many others) do not basically belong to the literary Russian language. I didn't manage to find any source that explains the stress in those phrases but the theory about the stress on the last syllable by analogy with &lt;code&gt;&quot;ничего&quot;&lt;/code&gt; seems to be more than viable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. I would advise you to avoid these phrases in your speech as the most of them vulgar, old-fashioned and do not fit in any conversation. Phrase &lt;code&gt;&quot;ничего подобного&quot;&lt;/code&gt; works well and does not have aforementioned disadvantages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10246" LastActivityDate="2018-02-10T12:18:04.420" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15761" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15762" CreationDate="2018-02-10T20:57:31.037" Score="3" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;Несколько недель назад я писал кое-что Вконтакте и с удивлением для себя обнаружил, что слово &quot;бутафор&quot; у меня подчеркивалось как содержащее ошибку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для меня это слово стояло в одном ряду с такими как &quot;бондарь&quot;, &quot;экзальтированный&quot; и так далее, то есть действительно редко используемым, однако безусловно существующим. Факт, что это слово я обнаружил в единственном словаре (причем малоизвестном, ни Даля, ни Ожегова), изумил меня еще больше, и с того момента меня терзают сомнения, которые я хотел бы развеять.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так существует или нет это слово?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10246" LastEditorUserId="10246" LastEditDate="2018-02-10T21:32:49.547" LastActivityDate="2018-02-10T21:35:16.190" Title="Бутафор - настоящее слово или моя выдумка? | &quot;Бутафор&quot; - an actual word or my fantasy" Tags="&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15761" CreationDate="2018-02-10T21:35:16.190" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вот &lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/fre_rus/81778/%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ссылка&lt;/a&gt; на список всех словарей, в которых оно зафиксировано. Насколько список достоверен, судить не берусь, но там есть и Даль, и Ожегов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сам я не уверен, что когда-либо с ним встречался, но, встретившись, проблемы с пониманием его смысла (который подтвердили соварные статьи) не испытал, и по уху (или по глазу) оно мне не резануло.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-02-10T21:35:16.190" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15763" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15764" CreationDate="2018-02-10T23:17:17.443" Score="3" ViewCount="550" Body="&lt;p&gt;When they say it sounds like the &quot;G&quot; in English, do they mean the hard G sound like Gary, the soft G like Genuine, or both?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10237" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T10:48:01.867" Title="Does the letter г ever have a soft &quot;J&quot; sound?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15764" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15763" CreationDate="2018-02-11T00:30:40.410" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is hard, like in Gary. Hear for example the pronounce of га (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%B0#%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/га#Произношение&lt;/a&gt;).  It is the voiced counterpart of к.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian there is no sound similar to G in Geniune. Such G is transliterated as ДЖ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, г is pronounced as the voiced counterpart of х. This is most common in Ukraine, and among people from Ukraine.  You should not pronounce г like this, but you should recognize such г.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In word endings -ого, -его, and in the pronoun &lt;code&gt;его&lt;/code&gt;, г is pronounced like в. (But not in the words &lt;code&gt;ого&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ого-го&lt;/code&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-02-11T00:30:40.410" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15765" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15763" CreationDate="2018-02-11T15:07:07.557" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, without context it's impossible to figure out what &lt;em&gt;they&lt;/em&gt;, whoever they are, mean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English so-called hard &lt;strong&gt;G&lt;/strong&gt; (or in phonologic terms &lt;em&gt;voiced velar plosive&lt;/em&gt;) is in principle equivalent to Russian &lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt;. However, its hardness in English isn't absolute since in certain positions it softens, retaining nevertheless its &lt;em&gt;velar plosive&lt;/em&gt; character as in the words &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;beGin&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;nagGing&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;rugGed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Similarly, Russian &lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt; can get soft like in the words &lt;em&gt;дру&lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt;ие, но&lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt;и, забе&lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt;е&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English so-called soft &lt;strong&gt;G&lt;/strong&gt; can be transliterated into Russian as &lt;strong&gt;ДЖЬ&lt;/strong&gt;, but Russian doesn't have such a sound, it's uncharacteristic of its phonetic system.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Instead, Russian has a sound denoted by the letter &lt;strong&gt;Ж&lt;/strong&gt; used, in particular, at places where &lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt; must become soft and so transform into &lt;strong&gt;Ж&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вра&lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt; - вра&lt;strong&gt;Ж&lt;/strong&gt;еский&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  доро&lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt;ой - доро&lt;strong&gt;Ж&lt;/strong&gt;е&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  сла&lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt;ать - сло&lt;strong&gt;Ж&lt;/strong&gt;ение&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  запря&lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt;ать - запря&lt;strong&gt;Ж&lt;/strong&gt;ён&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  мо&lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt;у - мо&lt;strong&gt;Ж&lt;/strong&gt;ем&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, the phoneme &lt;strong&gt;Ж&lt;/strong&gt; itself is always hard in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2018-02-13T10:48:01.867" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T10:48:01.867" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15766" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15768" CreationDate="2018-02-12T11:35:03.520" Score="3" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я тоже в долгу не оставалась. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if this is an idiomatic phrase that either means paying someone back for something bad or repaying someone for something good, depending on context? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-02-12T19:32:39.937" Title="How to interpret the phrase &quot;Я тоже в долгу не оставалась&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15766" CreationDate="2018-02-12T11:43:16.053" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;В долгу не остаться&quot; may be used with good things as well as bad things. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, as a standalone sentence in an imperfective form, I would say it's rather negative than positive. But this might be just my own perception. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2018-02-12T11:43:16.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15766" CreationDate="2018-02-12T11:43:51.080" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &lt;code&gt;не оста́ться в долгу́&lt;/code&gt; is an idiomatic phrase meaning (be quick) to repay someone like for like, either for good or bad. When said about a good thing, the phrase can mean literally 'not to remain indebted', 'to repay':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Фабри́ций не пожела́л оста́ться в долгу́ и отпусти́л ро́вно сто́лько же эпи́рских пле́нных. = Fabricius did not want to remain obliged and released exactly the same number of Epirian prisoners.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the flip side, the phrase can mean 'hit back when you are hit', 'make a move when your opponent makes a move':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«Мицуби́си» не оста́лась в долгу́, отве́тив «Хо́нде» городски́м вседоро́жником. = Mitsubishi did not lag behind for long and responded to Honda by (creating) an urban off-road truck.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example the verb is imperfective past feminine (остава́лась) which means that she is either very competitive or she likes returning the good done to her. I'd recommend that you find out which it is before dating her. ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-02-12T19:32:39.937" LastActivityDate="2018-02-12T19:32:39.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15766" CreationDate="2018-02-12T12:21:29.667" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не остаться в долгу &lt;em&gt;у кого&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;перед кем&lt;/em&gt;) - Отплатить кому-л. тем же&#xA;  самым (поступком, отношением и т.п.) - i.e. pay back with a similar attitude, action, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;source: paper copy Толковый словарь (Кузнецов). &#xA;link &lt;a href=&quot;http://slovariki.org/tolkovyj-slovar-kuznecova/13593&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://slovariki.org/tolkovyj-slovar-kuznecova/13593&lt;/a&gt; &#xA;(a &lt;em&gt;diamond sign&lt;/em&gt; means phraseological use)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-02-12T12:21:29.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15766" CreationDate="2018-02-12T12:24:23.503" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Situations of usage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я в долгу не останусь.&lt;/strong&gt; A promise to &lt;em&gt;pay back even more&lt;/em&gt; for a favor from someone who's typically not a close friend. In some rare context it can be a threat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я в долгу не остался.&lt;/strong&gt; I paid back (likely) even more to someone. Idiomatically, it can mean &lt;em&gt;fighting back&lt;/em&gt; (in proper context).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я в долгу не оставался.&lt;/strong&gt; (imperfective sense) &lt;em&gt;Each time&lt;/em&gt; I gave a proper answer to somebody acting against me (or was &lt;em&gt;continuously&lt;/em&gt; fighting back).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-02-12T12:24:23.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15771" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15772" CreationDate="2018-02-12T18:54:50.743" Score="4" ViewCount="258" Body="&lt;p&gt;Beginner here, I have a sentence with it's translation, but need some help understanding why.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На его месте вы бы ещё не так заплакали.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the translation is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In his place, you would cry even more (or in french, à sa place, vous pleureriez encore bien davantage).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm able to see what each word means, but am having trouble seeing why, all together, it means the above translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;вы        -&amp;gt; You&#xA;бы        -&amp;gt; Makes the verb conditional&#xA;ещё       -&amp;gt; More &#xA;не        -&amp;gt; negates &#xA;так       -&amp;gt; so much&#xA;заплакали -&amp;gt; Past tense of cry&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So literally, it reads more like &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In his place, you wouldn't cry as much&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is the opposite of what the translation says.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any help on understanding why this sentence means what it means?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10219" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T17:03:25.807" Title="Helping understand translation of `вы бы ещё не так заплакали`" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15771" CreationDate="2018-02-12T19:22:25.937" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Так&lt;/code&gt; in relation to &lt;code&gt;плакать&lt;/code&gt; describes a manner of the action&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он ТАК (сильно/горько/громко) плакал - He cried SO MUCH&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By itself &lt;code&gt;не так&lt;/code&gt; would mean &lt;code&gt;not so much&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in combination with &lt;code&gt;ещё&lt;/code&gt; (more), which in this sentence functions as an intensifying particle, &lt;code&gt;не так&lt;/code&gt; comes to mean &lt;code&gt;even more&lt;/code&gt;, which can be thought of as &lt;code&gt;this/so much and more&lt;/code&gt;, or if we employ the negation, then &lt;code&gt;not so much, but more&lt;/code&gt;, which is the underlying idea&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я ЕЩЁ (и) НЕ ТАК плакал - &lt;sup&gt;literally&lt;/sup&gt; I cried SO MUCH MORE/NOT SO MUCH, but MORE&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure it can be further rationalized and dissected, it's an instance where the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. And it's a stable construction in Russian&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Я слышал, что они занимаются рэкетом / I've heard they practise extortion&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -Я ещё (и) не то слышал / I've heard so much more&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-13T08:08:59.180" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T08:08:59.180" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15773" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15776" CreationDate="2018-02-12T19:51:41.667" Score="4" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a native Russian speaker and you may laugh at me, but I don't fully understand the difference between &lt;strong&gt;повидло&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;варенье&lt;/strong&gt;. Both words are translated as &lt;strong&gt;jam&lt;/strong&gt; and seem to be used interchangeably. Are they synonyms, or is there a regional preference / any subtle difference in the meaning? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1553" LastActivityDate="2018-08-26T13:19:57.387" Title="&quot;Повидло&quot; vs &quot;Варенье&quot;" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15773" CreationDate="2018-02-12T20:04:07.347" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've always considered &lt;strong&gt;варенье&lt;/strong&gt; to be home made, whereas &lt;strong&gt;повидло&lt;/strong&gt; manufactured. But they also differ in texture, thickness, so maybe their recepes differ as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-02-12T20:04:07.347" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15773" CreationDate="2018-02-12T20:20:40.917" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion the most noticeable difference between the two is that &lt;strong&gt;&quot;повидло&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is a homogeneous product.  Both products are a result of boiling sweetened fruit. &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Варенье&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is then put in jars as a mix of syrup and pieces of fruit, or berries. But &lt;strong&gt;&quot;повидло&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is sifted through to remove small seeds, pieces of skin, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2018-02-12T20:32:54.210" LastActivityDate="2018-02-12T20:32:54.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15773" CreationDate="2018-02-12T20:21:17.750" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Согласно русской википедии:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Повидло получают путём вываривания с сахаром &lt;strong&gt;фруктового или ягодного пюре&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Варенье получают путём вываривания с сахаром &lt;strong&gt;фруктов или ягод&lt;/strong&gt;, реже овощей, розовых лепестков, молодых грецких орехов, сосновых шишек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Повидло - однородная масса.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В варенье есть фрукты, ягоды или что там варили.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to make варенье from something, you cook it with sugar (and probably water, don't know for sure).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to make повидло from something, you first grind it in a blender (or sometimes manually with fork), then add sugar and cook.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2018-02-13T03:43:16.393" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T03:43:16.393" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15709" CreationDate="2018-02-13T11:53:32.097" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Q1. Yes, here she has chosen the род of jobs. One way to translate this is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;It's an interesting line of work she has chosen for herself.&quot;&#xA;She chose the line (род) of work (занятий)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q2. The singular form sounds wrong specifically because of the word род. It's not exactly &quot;kind&quot;, literal translation is family/genus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe like in English you'd say a breed of dogs rather than a breed of a dog.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other words are more accepting of the singular, such as вид or тип.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T11:53:32.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15778" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15679" CreationDate="2018-02-13T13:57:52.433" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a bit like trying to change &quot;the powers that be&quot; to &quot;the powers that exist&quot;. Сильные мира сего is a phrase that carries a specific feeling with it and is used in certain contexts just like powers that be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T13:57:52.433" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15779" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15780" CreationDate="2018-02-13T18:32:07.237" Score="3" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;От него гораздо больше &lt;strong&gt;толку&lt;/strong&gt;, чем от некого короля!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume this sentence literally means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;From him (we get) a lot more &lt;strong&gt;use&lt;/strong&gt; than from a certain king.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder why the noun &quot;толк&quot; has to be in Dative here? Is it an omitted, impersonal subject that I'm dealing with here? Still, I'm not sure how to properly parse the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-13T19:05:02.210" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T19:05:02.210" Title="Why use the dative &quot;толку&quot; in &quot;От него гораздо больше толку&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;genitive-partitive&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15779" CreationDate="2018-02-13T18:37:03.547" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not dative. It's a genitive form from a now-extinct paradigm that has come to have a partitive meaning, &quot;a measure of an uncountable thing&quot;. Related: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/15687/partitive-genitive&quot;&gt;Partitive Genitive&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T18:37:03.547" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15781" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15782" CreationDate="2018-02-13T18:44:38.577" Score="5" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;От него гораздо больше толку, чем от &lt;strong&gt;некого&lt;/strong&gt; короля!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{my literal translation}: From him (we get) a lot more use than from a &lt;strong&gt;certain&lt;/strong&gt; king.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only meaning of the word &amp;quot;некого&amp;quot; that I'm aware of is &amp;quot;no one&amp;quot;, but it seems like a bit of a stretch to apply this meaning here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, I have read that &amp;quot;некого&amp;quot; is the negative genitive of &amp;quot;кто&amp;quot;. So is &amp;quot;некого&amp;quot; made up of &amp;quot;не&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;кого&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T19:23:38.213" Title="How to interpret &quot;некого&quot; in &quot;чем от некого короля&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15781" CreationDate="2018-02-13T19:07:18.513" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This particular &lt;strong&gt;некого&lt;/strong&gt; is unrelated to &lt;strong&gt;кто&lt;/strong&gt;. It's from &lt;strong&gt;некий&lt;/strong&gt;, which is basically a more bookish, slightly archaic &lt;strong&gt;какой-то&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Properly, the genitive should be &lt;strong&gt;некоего&lt;/strong&gt;, but it's one of those quirks of inflection that a lot of people forget or never learn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, the choice of &lt;strong&gt;неко(е)го&lt;/strong&gt; over &lt;strong&gt;какого-то&lt;/strong&gt; adds an undertone of scepticism or suspicion (a &quot;some king&quot; that stops just short of saying &quot;some &lt;em&gt;supposed&lt;/em&gt; king&quot;) whereas with &lt;strong&gt;какого-то&lt;/strong&gt;, it would've been more outright dismissive (&quot;some king... like those are ever any good&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Ouch. I completely forgot — despite your translation — that &lt;strong&gt;некий&lt;/strong&gt; can also have a different shade of meaning, close to &lt;strong&gt;кое-какой&lt;/strong&gt;. So without context, it's hard to tell whether the speaker means &quot;than some king&quot; or, indeed, &quot;than &lt;em&gt;a certain&lt;/em&gt; king [we all know]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2018-02-13T19:23:38.213" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T19:23:38.213" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15784" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15785" CreationDate="2018-02-13T19:20:29.697" Score="4" ViewCount="251" Body="&lt;p&gt;How exactly is й pronounced in adjective endings such as ий/ ый?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I seem to remember something, from some of the first grammar books that I read, about it being more or less silent--not having any sound. But recently I read that there should be a /j/ sound. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does this work? What is the difference between ый and ы in normal speech? Do you hear the й? I 'm looking for a practical explanation not so much phonetic theory. Although the latter is welcome too. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.G., красивый/ красивы &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;тихий/ тихи&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also read that in older styles speakers would pronounce the й much stronger. Or at least that's what I understood from the book I'm reading--see below.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This is from Jones and Ward (1969), The phonetics of Russian. —&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2p2vN.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/2p2vN.png&quot; alt=&quot;Old Pronunciation of -их&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/v61kh.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/v61kh.png&quot; alt=&quot;Modern&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE-- So I read the introduction to the Book by Jones and Ward (1969) and they mention this--&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bZmH8.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/bZmH8.png&quot; alt=&quot;**enter image description here**&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yet another Update-- I looked through some reference books and here's what they say about й—&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9DjPw.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9DjPw.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9QkZo.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9QkZo.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2018-02-14T19:30:04.980" LastActivityDate="2018-02-14T19:30:04.980" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;й&quot; in adjective endings" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15784" CreationDate="2018-02-13T19:32:54.520" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not one of those cases where a sound can be reduced in spoken language without affecting the accuracy and euphony.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fluent speech it can get swallowed so to speak at the end of words, due to its curtness, but it's a result of sloppiness and lack of effort, and ideally it has to be pronounced even if briefly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If &lt;strong&gt;Й&lt;/strong&gt; is left out, instead of &lt;strong&gt;красивЫЙ&lt;/strong&gt; we get &lt;strong&gt;красивЫ&lt;/strong&gt;, which are two different forms of the adjective, full singular and shortened plural  respectively. Likewise for &lt;strong&gt;тихИЙ&lt;/strong&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;тихИ&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-13T19:41:04.350" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T19:41:04.350" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15786" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15784" CreationDate="2018-02-13T19:36:06.760" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian &quot;й&quot; sounds very much like English &quot;y&quot; in words: &lt;em&gt;&quot;bo&lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;ma&lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;fe&lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/em&gt; Unlike in English sound &quot;й&quot; is never dropped or converted into &quot;и&quot;, as it happens in words: &lt;em&gt;&quot;icy&quot;, &quot;chimney&quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example, my first name &lt;em&gt;&quot;Витали&lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is typically pronounced by English speakers as &lt;em&gt;vee-tah-lee&lt;/em&gt;, while the Russian pronunciation always preserves the semivowel at the end &lt;em&gt;vee-tah-lee&lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2018-02-13T19:36:06.760" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15787" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15789" CreationDate="2018-02-14T13:50:27.673" Score="4" ViewCount="105" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Woman: Я могла бы &lt;strong&gt;остаться&lt;/strong&gt; здесь навсегда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Man: Так &lt;strong&gt;оставайся&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder why you need to use the perfective &amp;quot;остаться&amp;quot; on one hand and the imperfective &amp;quot;оставаться&amp;quot; on the other, even though they both refer to the same action of the woman staying in the same place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-15T11:35:12.230" Title="Why use the perfective &quot;остаться&quot; on one hand and the imperfective &quot;оставаться&quot; on the other?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15787" CreationDate="2018-02-14T14:16:41.853" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imperfective imperatives (проходите, садитесь) sound more polite than perfective (пройдите, сядьте).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-02-14T14:16:41.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15787" CreationDate="2018-02-14T14:42:30.163" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Concerning&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я могла бы остаться здесь &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;всегда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Imperfective verbs&lt;/strong&gt; can't go together with the adverb &lt;strong&gt;навсегда&lt;/strong&gt;. They do with the adverb &lt;strong&gt;всегда&lt;/strong&gt;, because the 1st denotes a momentary manner of action and the 2nd a continuous/incomplete one. So one can say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я могла бы оста&lt;strong&gt;ВА&lt;/strong&gt;ться здесь ()всегда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe it's useful to think of &lt;strong&gt;навсегда&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;code&gt;from this point onwards&lt;/code&gt; and of &lt;strong&gt;всегда&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;code&gt;always&lt;/code&gt;. And since &lt;strong&gt;навсегда&lt;/strong&gt; implies a starting point, the verb it's associated with must be &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt;, because these denote  an action which has either started or ended, where a putative fixed point in time is evident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Concerning politeness, which is true, in this dialogue &lt;strong&gt;останься&lt;/strong&gt; could possibly work as well because the interlocutors seem to be close acquaintances, which allows for more informal address. Perfective imperative also sounds somewhat more persistent and demanding and in informal setting the degree of imperative is up to the speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-15T11:35:12.230" LastActivityDate="2018-02-15T11:35:12.230" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15790" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15791" CreationDate="2018-02-14T19:55:45.727" Score="3" ViewCount="1816" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэтому я приехала &lt;strong&gt;сюда&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{X}: Поэтому я приехала &lt;strong&gt;тут&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{X}: Поэтому я приехала &lt;strong&gt;здесь&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder why you can only use the adverb &amp;quot;сюда&amp;quot; in this instance, although all three seem to share the locative meaning &amp;quot;here&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example where this time around &amp;quot;здесь&amp;quot; seems to fit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как же &lt;strong&gt;здесь&lt;/strong&gt; красиво!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{X}: Как же &lt;strong&gt;тут&lt;/strong&gt; красиво!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{X}: Как же &lt;strong&gt;сюда&lt;/strong&gt; красиво!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-05-15T11:52:48.753" Title="Difference in usage between &quot;сюда&quot;, &quot;здесь&quot;, and &quot;тут&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15790" CreationDate="2018-02-14T20:13:20.883" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's because &lt;strong&gt;сюда&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;code&gt;to here&lt;/code&gt; just like &lt;strong&gt;туда&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;code&gt;to there&lt;/code&gt; which are in use with verbs of movement and direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Здесь/тут&lt;/strong&gt; mean simply &lt;code&gt;here&lt;/code&gt; and are adverbs of place and not of direction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider English archaic &lt;strong&gt;hither/thither&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-02-14T20:13:20.883" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15792" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15790" CreationDate="2018-02-14T20:24:07.087" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Здесь (formal ), тут (colloquial ), opposite там are synonyms and show place. There's one more colloquial form туточки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сюда -opposite туда shows destination or direction, when you move.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-02-14T20:24:07.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15793" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15795" CreationDate="2018-02-14T23:42:50.370" Score="2" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;I noticed that women can tell, in Russian, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;я не продавец&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;я официант&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&quot;она - хороший друг&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though these job nouns have a feminine counterpart, respectively, &lt;strong&gt;продавщица&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;официантка&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;хорошая подруга&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is it OK to refer to a woman's job either by the male or female ending of the job?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Adjectives will agree in gender with job nouns with masculine endings, even when referring to women?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When dealing with nouns which have no female counterpart, such as &lt;strong&gt;администратор&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;receptionist&lt;/em&gt;), can I use &lt;strong&gt;одна&lt;/strong&gt; in the following situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;One of the former [female] receptionists now wants to be a trooper&quot;&lt;/em&gt; -&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Одна из бывших администраторов сейчас хочет стать военной.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-02-14T23:59:56.507" Title="Masculine job nouns on women" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15794" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15798" CreationDate="2018-02-14T23:51:29.453" Score="2" ViewCount="454" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are suffixes &lt;strong&gt;-ов&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;-ова&lt;/strong&gt; on people's names equivalent of the suffix &lt;em&gt;-son&lt;/em&gt; used in Germanic languages?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The suffixes &lt;strong&gt;-ич&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;-ича&lt;/strong&gt; also imply the name of the father, on the patronimic. Are they, too, equivalents of &lt;em&gt;-son&lt;/em&gt; (and &lt;em&gt;-dottir&lt;/em&gt; in Icelandic), however used on &lt;em&gt;отчество&lt;/em&gt; rather than on &lt;em&gt;фамилия&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-02-15T07:09:41.847" Title="Name suffixes -ов, -ич" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15793" CreationDate="2018-02-14T23:59:56.507" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Masculine job titles are generally well accepted for women as well. Feminine job titles are only sometimes more preferable (ex. &quot;певица&quot; vs &quot;певец&quot;). In many cases feminine titles are either only colloquial (ex. &quot;врачиха&quot; vs. &quot;врач&quot;), or actually a carryover of wife's titles from patriarchal times (&quot;губернаторша&quot;, &quot;инспекторша&quot;, &quot;генеральша&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Correct, adjectives agree with title's gender, not person's.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Correct, pronouns (as opposed to adjectives) should agree with person's gender.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-02-14T23:59:56.507" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15796" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15797" CreationDate="2018-02-15T00:23:42.623" Score="4" ViewCount="243" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is &lt;strong&gt;дом&lt;/strong&gt; an import from Latin &lt;em&gt;domus&lt;/em&gt; as a loanword, or is it the byproduct of the common indo-european substratum?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In my country, on the façade of courts, it's written DOMUS IUSTITIÆ, &quot;the house of justice&quot;. If translated literally into Russian, it could become &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Дом Юстиции&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, perhaps. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;юстиция&lt;/strong&gt;, the Latin root is evident, since words of Slavic origin related to justice, righteousness or fairness contain the root &lt;strong&gt;право&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, my question is, &lt;strong&gt;юстиция&lt;/strong&gt; may only be used as a juridic term referring to the institution of law and court, whereas &lt;strong&gt;справедливость&lt;/strong&gt;, which is the Slavic equivalent of &lt;em&gt;iustitia&lt;/em&gt;, is required for the remaining shades of meaning of the word &quot;justice&quot; in English, right?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;May &lt;strong&gt;огонь&lt;/strong&gt; be related to Latin &lt;em&gt;ignis&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-02-15T07:10:27.203" Title="Russian vs Latin" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15796" CreationDate="2018-02-15T06:59:19.253" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can look up word origin in an &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;etymology dictionary&lt;/a&gt;. I found &lt;a href=&quot;https://gufo.me/dict/krylov?letter=%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt; easy enough for beginners (it provides links to other dictionaries including &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Vasmer&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vasmer's&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дом&lt;/strong&gt; is of Indo-European origin and related to Latin &lt;em&gt;domus&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yes. &lt;strong&gt;Юстиция&lt;/strong&gt; is used as juridic term only. It has a synonym of Russian origin - &lt;strong&gt;правосудие&lt;/strong&gt;. &quot;House of justice&quot; will most probably translate to &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;дом/дворец правосудия&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Справедливость&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;fairness&lt;/em&gt; and is used in less formal contexts and &lt;strong&gt;честность&lt;/strong&gt; is an informal word for this.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://gufo.me/dict/krylov/%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yes&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastEditorUserId="9001" LastEditDate="2018-02-15T07:10:27.203" LastActivityDate="2018-02-15T07:10:27.203" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15794" CreationDate="2018-02-15T07:09:41.847" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say for &lt;strong&gt;-ов, -ова&lt;/strong&gt; a closer analogy (in the sense of grammar) would be the surnames like Jones, Peters (in the sense that they are Jone's, Peter's children, a Russian obsolete form would be &lt;em&gt;Иванов сын - son of Ivan&lt;/em&gt;, hence the modern surname &lt;em&gt;Иванов&lt;/em&gt;, where it kind of lost its original &lt;em&gt;son&lt;/em&gt; part). It just happens that &lt;strong&gt;-son&lt;/strong&gt; names are popular in Germanic languages, while &lt;strong&gt;-ов&lt;/strong&gt; is very popular in Russian, that's why it may be perceived as equivalent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for patronymics, the correct forms (depending of the stem) are &lt;strong&gt;-ович/-евич/-ич&lt;/strong&gt; (male), &lt;strong&gt;-овна/-евна/-ична/-инична&lt;/strong&gt; (female) - e.g. Петрович, Петровна. In modern Russian these forms derive directly from father's name (interestingly, even if the father is unknown or has a non-Russian name some patronynic will be used in their passport, maybe with some rare exceptions) so the name of the father is clear from them. I wouldn't say it's full equivalent of &lt;em&gt;-son,&lt;/em&gt; because the name ending in &lt;em&gt;-son&lt;/em&gt; says nothing of the father, but a Russian patronymic says it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-02-15T07:09:41.847" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15799" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-15T13:28:27.307" Score="1" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that a different verb of motion is used for a bus, tram, train than for a car, lorry, van.&#xA;e.g.автобус ходит, машина ездит&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this correct and, if so, why? Then, if I get on the bus автобус ходит а я еду.&#xA;I'm confused.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-15T14:29:56.447" LastActivityDate="2018-02-15T14:29:56.447" Title="Unprefixed verbs of motion" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;motion-verbs&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-02-26T22:30:45.383" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15799" CreationDate="2018-02-15T13:47:21.113" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not quite. Автобус &lt;strong&gt;едет&lt;/strong&gt; if all you mean is that it's in motion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Автобус &lt;strong&gt;ходит&lt;/strong&gt; — as does all other non-airborne public transport, including passenger ships — in relation to its route or destination.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus you say,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Из Москвы в Балашиху ходит электричка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— meaning you can get to Balashikha from Moscow by commuter train. But:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вот едет электричка из Москвы в Балашиху&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— of an actual train passing by, or of a hypothetical but &lt;em&gt;specific&lt;/em&gt; train.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-02-15T13:47:21.113" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15801" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15802" CreationDate="2018-02-15T19:48:33.793" Score="4" ViewCount="399" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;лёгк&lt;strong&gt;ое&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do you pronounce the &quot;ое&quot; sound {IPA: [&lt;strong&gt;əjə&lt;/strong&gt;]} at the end of a neuter nominative adjective such as &quot;лёгкое&quot;? I notice three different pronunciations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-к&lt;strong&gt;ое&lt;/strong&gt; {with a weak &quot;&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; sound}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-к&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; {with the &quot;&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; sound dropped}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-к&lt;strong&gt;оjе&lt;/strong&gt; {with the &quot;&lt;strong&gt;j&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; sound included}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps, the same goes for &quot;прошл&lt;strong&gt;ое&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, because the IPA is the same &quot;[&lt;strong&gt;əjə&lt;/strong&gt;]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-02-15T20:11:29.333" LastActivityDate="2018-02-16T08:51:07.987" Title="How to pronounce the &quot;ое&quot; ending in &quot;лёгкое&quot;, &quot;прошлое&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15801" CreationDate="2018-02-15T20:53:25.453" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Examples in the Wiktionary: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;лёгкое&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;прошлое&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The examples differ a bit with &lt;strong&gt;прошлое&lt;/strong&gt; being pronounced with a more open &lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;strong&gt;-ае&lt;/strong&gt; and audible &lt;strong&gt;Й -айэ&lt;/strong&gt;,  but this is idiosyncrasy of the speaker, i second the first example in your list&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-к&lt;strong&gt;ое&lt;/strong&gt; {with a weak &quot;&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; sound}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically &lt;strong&gt;O&lt;/strong&gt; must be reduced to &lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt; but due to the stress being a bit distant it's further reduced to something amorphous between &lt;strong&gt;Э&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt;, while &lt;strong&gt;Й&lt;/strong&gt; of &lt;strong&gt;-йэ&lt;/strong&gt; is reduced to short &lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt; → &lt;strong&gt;-иэ&lt;/strong&gt; to keep final &lt;strong&gt;Е&lt;/strong&gt; from devolving into &lt;strong&gt;Э&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-16T08:51:07.987" LastActivityDate="2018-02-16T08:51:07.987" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15803" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15806" CreationDate="2018-02-15T23:24:27.177" Score="4" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suffixes on short form comparatives can be ше (лучше, больше) or же (дороже, моложе) or ще (проще, чище) or че (легче, крепче). Is there any rule which determines which one should be used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T23:12:43.237" Title="suffixes short comparatives" Tags="&lt;суффиксы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15805" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15801" CreationDate="2018-02-16T08:20:53.843" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure there is a &quot;correct&quot; pronunciation for those.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On paper, it's still &lt;code&gt;[əjə]&lt;/code&gt;, suggesting that it would be more &quot;standard&quot; to articulate the [j], but that seems fairly outdated because, by and large, nobody does, and dropping the [j] doesn't strike one as markedly colloquial the way, for example, dropping the [dʲ] in &lt;strong&gt;будет&lt;/strong&gt; does. It's more of this ivory-tower approach of Russian academic linguistics, which often results in learners hearing different pronunciations from the ones they've been taught to expect, while rank-and-file native speakers are at a bit of a loss to explain what happened there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd say the first one you listed is the most common and &quot;neutral&quot; one, but generally it's free variation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-02-16T08:20:53.843" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15803" CreationDate="2018-02-16T10:41:10.010" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question is great and rather complicated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First of all, there are different ways to form a comparative only from &lt;strong&gt;qualitative&lt;/strong&gt; adjectives. A compound form with &lt;strong&gt;более&lt;/strong&gt; in front of the adjective and the so-called synthetic or simple forms with the following endings: &lt;strong&gt;-ее/ей, -е and -ше&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;I will not consider the analytical form with &lt;strong&gt;более&lt;/strong&gt;, but it certainly should be mentioned that some quality adjectives cannot have simple comparative forms. They are the adjectives with suffixes -ск-, -ов-, -н-, -л- (they have no short forms either):&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;дружеский, массовый, кровный, исхудалый. Сюда же относятся прилагательные с суффиксом -к-: плавкий, громоздкий, тяжкий, отдельные непроизводные слова: плоский, ветхий, гордый, отлогий, все слова, обозначающие масти животных: каурый, саврасый.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;We should memorize some adjectives which have&#xA;а) suppletive forms in many languages.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;хороший – лучше, плохой – хуже, малый – меньше, дешевый – дешевле (compare: good – better, bad – worse)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) a so-called &amp;quot;unproductive&amp;quot; suffix &lt;strong&gt;-ше&lt;/strong&gt; which is used with a limited group of adjectives.  Memorize:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;далекий – дальше, ранний – раньше, тонкий – тоньше; долгий – дольше, маленький –меньше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The majority of adjectives use the productive &lt;strong&gt;-ее/-ей.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;светлый – светл-ее, бережливый – бережлив-ее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The ending &lt;strong&gt;-е&lt;/strong&gt; is used only after word stems (основа слова) ending with sounds &lt;strong&gt;д, т, ст, г, к, х,  с, з&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;This is complicated, because adjectives drop -ок- and -к-, and there's an alteration of these sounds.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;з→ж, с→ш, х→ш, г→ж, ст→щ, д→ж, т→ч, к→ч&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Низкий: низ-к-ий – ниже. (-к- is dropped and з changes into ж ), высокий: выс-ок-ий – выше (-ок -is dropped and с changes into ш).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More examples :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сухой – суше, тугой – туже, частый – чаще, молодой – моложе, богатый – богаче, крепкий – крепче&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems we should distinguish when -к- belongs to the root and is changed respectively into ч (легкий – легче) and when it doesn't and can be dropped (низкий – низ-к-ий – ниже). I believe it's easier to memorize such adjectives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T23:12:43.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15807" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15831" CreationDate="2018-02-16T20:15:32.880" Score="1" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;слишк&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;м рано&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;на сам&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;м деле&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These &amp;quot;о&amp;quot;s correspond to the IPA &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;ə&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;. I seem to notice some speakers pronounce it like the &lt;em&gt;pure&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;o&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; sound, as in &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;н&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;д&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;лг&amp;quot;, albeit unstressed, while others make it sound more like &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;, as in &amp;quot;ран&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;какой-т&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T12:16:52.887" Title="How to pronounce the second last unaccented &quot;о&quot; sound, as in &quot;слишком&quot;, &quot;самом&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15808" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15809" CreationDate="2018-02-17T14:04:16.907" Score="4" ViewCount="174" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tебе и решать.&lt;/strong&gt; === It's up to you (to decide).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While I understand the meaning of the expression, its grammatical construction eludes me. Or more specifically, some elements seem to be lacking as is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Tебе === to/for you&#xA;и === emphasising the following verb&#xA;решать === decide&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q1. Do we have here an impersonal, omitted subject?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q2. Is the verb &quot;решать&quot; alone enough to express the idea of &quot;to + infinitive(decide)&quot; in English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q3. I'd expected to see the perfective &quot;решить&quot; used instead: in the sense of deciding something &lt;em&gt;once and for all&lt;/em&gt;. I wonder why the imperfective &quot;решать&quot; is the right word to choose here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q4. Are there other expressions that follow this &quot;тебе и решать&quot; word order? Or is this a one-off instance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-17T15:19:13.047" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T04:36:19.733" Title="How to interpret the grammatical construction of &quot;тебе и решать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;impersonal&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15808" CreationDate="2018-02-17T16:07:28.157" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;1Do we have here an impersonal, omitted subject?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. Russian impersonal sentences don't have subjects like &quot;it&quot; in English. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q2. Is the verb &quot;решать&quot; alone enough to express the idea of &quot;to + infinitive(decide)&quot; in English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, решать expresses the same idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q3. I'd expected to see the perfective &quot;решить&quot; used instead: in the sense of deciding something once and for all. I wonder why the imperfective &quot;решать&quot; is the right word to choose here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, you can't use perfective here,because it's a general statement but it's possible after &quot;нужно/надо решить&quot; or a peculiar task.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q4. Are there other expressions that follow this &quot;тебе и решать&quot; word order? Or is this a one-off instance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can make the sentence longer explaining what is to be solved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе решать, ехать в Москву или нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think there's a limited choice of other verbs, mainly synonyms. What comes to mind is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Тебе выбирать&quot;, perhaps sometimes &quot;делать, выполнять&quot;.You can use other pronouns or nouns instead of &quot;тебе&quot; though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-02-18T04:36:19.733" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T04:36:19.733" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15808" CreationDate="2018-02-17T20:00:14.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Q4. Are there other expressions that follow this &quot;тебе и решать&quot; word order? Or is this a one-off instance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This construction, i.e. pronoun in dative + imperfective infinitive verb, may be used with any pronoun as well as with various verbs. For example it occurs in such phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вы много чего придумали, но &lt;strong&gt;мне рисовать&lt;/strong&gt; == You have suggested a lot of things, but &lt;strong&gt;I should paint&lt;/strong&gt; it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may swap words, so &lt;em&gt;рисовать мне, решать тебе&lt;/em&gt; also accepted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6602" LastActivityDate="2018-02-17T20:00:14.840" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15811" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15814" CreationDate="2018-02-18T18:10:03.670" Score="2" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes I have a doubt, whether I should use a time expression with or without a preposition (although, naturally, in the accusative case).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to say &quot;The last time I spoke in Russian in real life [not online] was one year ago&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would the following sentence do the job?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я говорил на русском на живую последний раз год назад.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My main doubt is whether it is preferable &lt;em&gt;&quot;в последний раз&quot;&lt;/em&gt; or just &lt;em&gt;&quot;последний раз&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T19:34:03.813" Title="&quot;For the last time&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15812" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15815" CreationDate="2018-02-18T18:21:28.300" Score="3" ViewCount="270" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw quite a few present passive participles (ending in &lt;strong&gt;-емый&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;-имый&lt;/strong&gt;) which are translated into English with the suffix &lt;em&gt;-able&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-ible&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like &lt;code&gt;невидимый - invisible&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;непредсказуемый - unpredictable&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Naturally, not all present passive participles are translated into &lt;em&gt;-able&lt;/em&gt;, but does the inverse occur? I mean, can I take any English word ending in &lt;em&gt;-able&lt;/em&gt;, such as &lt;em&gt;replaceable&lt;/em&gt;, and convey the same meaning in Russian by attaching the suffix &lt;em&gt;-емый/-имый&lt;/em&gt;? Does &lt;code&gt;знаменимый&lt;/code&gt; exist with the meaning &lt;em&gt;&quot;replaceable&quot;&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T22:42:56.723" Title="Equivalent of suffix -able" Tags="&lt;суффиксы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15813" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-18T18:23:16.113" Score="1" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the feminine instrumental in &lt;strong&gt;-ою&lt;/strong&gt; literary only nowadays?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-03-03T18:27:13.567" Title="Feminine instrumental -ою" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-03-02T13:56:33.613" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15811" CreationDate="2018-02-18T19:08:02.990" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question has been dealt with elsewhere, so please let me just give some references&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 &lt;a href=&quot;https://gramotno.livejournal.com/37536.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;gramotno.livejournal.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Корректны оба варианта. В данном контексте устойчивые выражения в&#xA;  последний раз и последний раз полностью синонимичны и взаимозаменяемы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В наречном значении такая вариативность присутствует почти всегда: в&#xA;  последний раз прощаю — последний раз прощаю; объясняю в последний раз&#xA;  — объясняю последний раз; в последний раз было круто — последний раз&#xA;  было круто.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 &lt;strong&gt;&quot;В первый раз&quot; или &quot;первый раз&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/15811/for-the-last-time-in-russian&quot;&gt;(russian.stackexchange.com)&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 Справка сайтa &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search-answer?s=%22%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;gramota.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Добрый день! &quot;Первый раз я посетил эту страну, еще будучи инженером&quot;.&#xA;  Подскажите, как правильно: &quot;первый раз или в первый раз&quot;?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ответ справочной службы русского языка:&lt;/strong&gt; Варианты &quot;первый раз&quot; и &quot;в&#xA;  первый раз&quot; равноправны.&#xA;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally prefer it without the preposition, it's easier this way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, as far as your sentence is concerned, it's not entirely correct, despite being comprehensible. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я говорил на русском &lt;strong&gt;на живую&lt;/strong&gt; последний раз год назад.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Firstly, if &lt;strong&gt;на живую&lt;/strong&gt; were a legitimate adverb in Russian, it would have to be spelled jointly with the preposition  - &lt;strong&gt;наживую&lt;/strong&gt;, as such is the grammatic rule. However there's no such adverb in Russian (there's one in Ukrainian - &quot;наживу/наживо&quot;). Instead there's the adverb &lt;strong&gt;вживую/живьём&lt;/strong&gt; with the same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, even with this adverb the phrase would still sound awkward, because &lt;strong&gt;вживую&lt;/strong&gt; is not normally used to describe live real time speech to contrast it with conversation in writing or texting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know what can replace it in Russian, but it may even be redundant because the act of speaking in most cases is being performed in real time anyway, all other forms of communication isn't essentially &lt;strong&gt;разговор&lt;/strong&gt;, but simply &lt;strong&gt;общение&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it may be reformulated in two ways&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Последний раз я &lt;strong&gt;разговаривал&lt;/strong&gt; на русском год назад.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Последний раз я &lt;strong&gt;общался&lt;/strong&gt; на русском &lt;strong&gt;устно&lt;/strong&gt; год назад.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-18T19:34:03.813" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T19:34:03.813" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15812" CreationDate="2018-02-18T21:30:19.103" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think anyone has ever analysed correspondence or did a statistical analysis of &lt;em&gt;translateability&lt;/em&gt; between the respective English adjectives and Russian present passive participles, but let's conduct an exercise&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/spelling/words-ending-in-able-or-ible&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the list source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;likeable - привлекательный, располагающий к себе&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  peaceable - миролюбивый&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  debatable - спорный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  pleasurable - приятный, доставляющий удовольствие&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  adaptable - &lt;strong&gt;легкоадаптируемый, легкоприспосабливаемый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  inimitable - &lt;strong&gt;неподражаемый, неповторимый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  capable - способный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  adorable - милый, &lt;strong&gt;обожаемый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  desirable - желательный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  justifiable - оправданный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  preferable - предпочтительный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  disposable - одноразовый, &lt;strong&gt;используемый однократно, выбрасываемый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  knowledgeable - осведомлённый, знающий&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  amiable - дружелюбный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  durable - стойкий, устойчивый, долговечный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  laughable - смехотворный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  fashionable - модный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  reliable - надёжный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  excitable - &lt;strong&gt;легковозбудимый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  lovable - вызывающий симпатию, заслуживающий любви&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  believable - вероятный, заслуживающий доверия, вызывающий доверие&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  excusable - простительный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  manageable - поддающийся управлению, &lt;strong&gt;управляемый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  serviceable - пригодный к использованию&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  measurable - &lt;strong&gt;измеримый, измеряемый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  sizeable - внушительный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  noticeable - заметный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  suitable - подходящий, пригодный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  changeable - переменчивый, меняющийся, &lt;strong&gt;изменяемый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  tolerable - &lt;strong&gt;терпимый&lt;/strong&gt;, сносный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  objectionable - предосудительный, &lt;strong&gt;недопустимый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  comfortable - удобный, комфортабельный, комфортный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  payable - подлежащий уплате/оплате, &lt;strong&gt;оплачиваемый, взимаемый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  impressionable - впечатлительный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  conceivable - &lt;strong&gt;вообразимый, постижимый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  operable - работоспособный, исправный&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  transferable - переносной, переводной, &lt;strong&gt;переводимый, передаваемый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you can draw your conclusions. Although some do invite translation with present passive participle or could in certain contexts be translated with those, overall the most obvious equivalent would be a simple adjective. Sometimes obstacle could come from the type of a Russian verb which doesn't provide for formation of passive participles like in the case of &lt;code&gt;laughable&lt;/code&gt; and Russian reflexive &lt;code&gt;смеяться&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the chances are higher for adjectives formed out of actual verbs, because not all -able/ible adjectives have verb counterparts. And also good chances of being translated with Russian present passive participle have English past participles used in present tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-18T21:49:39.510" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T21:49:39.510" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15816" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15817" CreationDate="2018-02-18T22:11:36.207" Score="4" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would you typically translate до поры до времени, and how is it different from a less idiomatic phrase like в данное время?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10267" LastActivityDate="2018-02-19T14:14:08.673" Title="до поры до времени" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15816" CreationDate="2018-02-18T22:31:11.400" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;до поры до времени&lt;/strong&gt; - for the time being; temporarily&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в данное время&lt;/strong&gt; - at this/present moment; presently; currently&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 1st adverb underscores transient nature of an event or a state, the 2nd one is neutral in this respect, just describing the current state, which may or may not be bound to change. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T22:31:11.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15812" CreationDate="2018-02-18T22:42:56.723" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to Баян Купи-ка's answer, some people use the English suffix -able directly with Russian verbs thus producing:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;чита́бельный&lt;/a&gt; 'easy to read / worth reading'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;игра́бельный&lt;/a&gt; 'easy to play / worth playing'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;смотри́бельный&lt;/a&gt; 'easy to watch', etc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a relatively new trend and it's far from being standard Russian. It's more of a slang. It can sound cool when used right. Sort of like my five year old son awarding a new cartoon with a reserved 'Umm, not bad'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T22:42:56.723" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15816" CreationDate="2018-02-18T23:00:31.387" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a few translations loosely based on &lt;a href=&quot;http://context.reverso.net/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;these reverso examples&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Роллинг с его́ миллиа́рдами ну́жен мне &lt;strong&gt;до поры́ до вре́мени&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;I need Rolling and his billions &lt;strong&gt;only for so long&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;И всё бы́ло хорошо́... &lt;strong&gt;до поры́ до вре́мени&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;And it worked... &lt;strong&gt;for a while&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Все они таки́е, &lt;strong&gt;до поры́ до вре́мени&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;They all are, &lt;strong&gt;until they aren't anymore&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-02-18T23:00:31.387" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15816" CreationDate="2018-02-19T14:04:43.687" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...and how is it different from a less idiomatic phrase like в данное&#xA;  время?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This idiom emphasizes that the situation cannot continue indefinitely. And the finale can have critical consequences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Роллинг с его миллиардами нужен мне до поры до времени&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At some point, I will not need Rolling and the fate of Rolling will be tragical&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9795" LastEditorUserId="9795" LastEditDate="2018-02-19T14:14:08.673" LastActivityDate="2018-02-19T14:14:08.673" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15821" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15824" CreationDate="2018-02-19T20:35:08.350" Score="1" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не притворяйся, будто &lt;strong&gt;тебе плевать&lt;/strong&gt;. === Don't act like you don't care.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure how this phrase ultimately translates as &quot;not care&quot;. I assume the omitted subject in the &quot;будто&quot; subordinate clause is &quot;ты&quot;, in keeping with the preceding verb &quot;притворяйся&quot;. So...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;ты тебе плевать&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this supposed to literally mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;you spit on yourself&quot; === &quot;you don't care&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder, though, why &quot;тебе&quot; is used instead of the reflexive &quot;себе&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-02-21T07:56:13.190" Title="How to interpret &quot;будто тебе плевать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15822" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15828" CreationDate="2018-02-19T22:13:16.117" Score="2" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Иван Иванович идёт на работу в гараж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is it &quot;в гараж&quot; and not &quot;в гараже&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is translated as &quot;Ivan I. goes to work in the garage.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not &quot;Ivan I. goes to work to the garage.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is clear to me that grammatically both &quot;на работу&quot; and &quot;в гараж&quot; are in the accusative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand why &quot;на работу&quot; would use the accusative, since we want to say &quot;to [his] work&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not understand why we use &quot;в гараж&quot; (translates as &quot;to [the] garage) when we want (???) to say &quot;in the garage&quot; (&quot;в гараже&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5584" LastEditorUserId="5584" LastEditDate="2018-02-20T00:57:35.790" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T06:51:05.950" Title="Иван Иванович идёт на работу в гараж" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15823" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-19T22:46:35.543" Score="4" ViewCount="165" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;чрезмерно&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;чрезвычайный&lt;/strong&gt;, is the first &lt;strong&gt;ч&lt;/strong&gt; pronounced the usual way, or rather [ш], like in &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="8780" LastEditDate="2018-02-19T23:42:37.753" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T09:08:24.347" Title="Pronunciation of Ч before Р" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15821" CreationDate="2018-02-19T23:21:40.857" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;“Тебе плевать.” (“You don’t care.”) follows the same pattern of impersonal sentences as “Тебе холодно/жарко” (“You’re cold/hot”). A full sentence which also sounds quite natural would be “Плевать ты хотел на это” (more or less “To spit on this is all you wanted”).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-02-19T23:21:40.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15822" CreationDate="2018-02-19T23:31:23.820" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;“в” + noun in prepositional case means location (“in”), while “в” + noun in accusative case means direction (“to”). Note that for most sentences only one of those usages makes sense, the other would use another preposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Кит плывет в океан (acc.)” — “A whale is swimming towards the ocean” (from a sea maybe)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;“Кит плывет в океане (prep.)” — “A whale is swimming in the ocean” (NB: “по океану” would be a bit more natural)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for what applies to what:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иван Иванович идёт на работу в гараж. (Implies he has a job at the garage.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Иван Иванович идёт (куда?) {на работу} (куда?) {в гараж}.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Иван Иванович идёт в гараж на работу. (equivalent)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;while:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иван Иванович идет поработать в гараже. (He goes with the purpose of working in the garage.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Иван Иванович идет (что делать?) {поработать (где?) {в гараже}}.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Иван Иванович идет в гараже поработать. (Almost equivalent, but sounds a bit weird. Could occur if someone wanted to emphasize “в гараже” in speech.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because “на работу” is such a common phrase, the word “работу” does not really function as a standalone word. While if you break the phrase up, or use a synonym, you can attach other words to that “работа”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иван Иванович едет на работу в центр города.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Иван Иванович едет в центр города на работу.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Иван Иванович едет на свою работу в центре города.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Иван Иванович едет (куда?) {на свою работу (где она находится?) {в центре города}}.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastEditorUserId="9602" LastEditDate="2018-02-20T01:46:14.643" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T01:46:14.643" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15823" CreationDate="2018-02-20T06:04:03.440" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's pronounced the usual way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only subtle difference that some people pronounce very short &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; between &lt;strong&gt;ч&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;р&lt;/strong&gt;, because it's hard not to do it)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1376" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T06:04:03.440" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15822" CreationDate="2018-02-20T06:51:05.950" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Иван Иванович идёт на работу в гараж.or Иван Иванович идет в гараж на работу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гараж here depends on the verb идет, meaning destination, not the noun работа. So the translation should be &quot;He is going to the garage to work&quot;(in order to work).If you change the noun and use the infinitive instead, you can have &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он идет в гараж работать. Он идет поработать в гараже. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T06:51:05.950" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15821" CreationDate="2018-02-20T09:04:12.050" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's ruder than &quot;Don't act as if you don't care&quot; but less rude than &quot;Don't act as if you don't give a sh..t&quot;. Probably similar to British 'You don't bloody care'. Literally it implies 'you spit on smth.'/ but 'on smth' is omitted. It's also possible to say that 'you spit on smb.' in other contexts (meaning 'you don't bloody care about them, what they think, do, etc.').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Relflexive &quot;себе&quot; is not implied here, for here the implication is that you don't care about something (you are the actor). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the same way one can say: Не притворяйся, будто тебе это нужно. Не притворяйся, будто тебе это надо сделать, etc. (no reflexive is implied here)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T09:04:12.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15807" CreationDate="2018-02-20T12:16:52.887" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe you hear them say &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;с лишк&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;м&lt;/a&gt;&quot; (meaning a little more than needed) and &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;сам&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;м&lt;/a&gt;&quot; (prepositional case of &quot;сам&quot; meaning &quot;oneself&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6824" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T12:16:52.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15832" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-20T14:23:52.570" Score="4" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since &quot;всё&quot; means 'all' or 'everything', does &quot;как всё&quot; mean 'how is everything' or 'how are you all' or 'how is everybody'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10285" LastEditorUserId="8895" LastEditDate="2018-02-20T14:25:55.603" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T22:47:09.973" Title="Question about the word всё" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15833" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-20T15:12:11.000" Score="0" ViewCount="205" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between ем и ест? As far as I know ем means to 'eat' and ест means 'eats or eating' but that is not how it is on various sites I have seen. How are they used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10285" LastActivityDate="2018-02-21T07:49:18.870" Title="Difference between ем и ест" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ClosedDate="2018-02-23T11:12:36.220" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15832" CreationDate="2018-02-20T15:55:34.430" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Correct.Всё refers to things, not to people (everything or all /things/).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всё хорошо.Everything is OK. Всё хорошо, что хорошо кончается All is well that ends well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But since languages differ, we don't say Как всё.We ask Как дела? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you can use it in &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как всё случилось? How it all happened? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't use it with &quot;people&quot;. There is another word &quot;все&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-02-20T16:02:39.937" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T16:02:39.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15821" CreationDate="2018-02-20T16:55:11.267" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you seek rationale behind this idiom, it may be assumed that it implies a verb &lt;strong&gt;хочется&lt;/strong&gt; which also requires Dative&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не притворяйся, будто тебе &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(хочется)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; плевать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning of &lt;strong&gt;плевать&lt;/strong&gt; as expression of disdain, denial of worthiness and  indifference has been covered by other contributors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The expression can also take the form of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;плевать &lt;strong&gt;хотел&lt;/strong&gt; на ... &lt;sup&gt;always in past tense&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;mostly used when speaking from the 1st person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A synonym of &lt;strong&gt;плевать&lt;/strong&gt; in this meaning is &lt;strong&gt;чихать&lt;/strong&gt; or more emphatically &lt;strong&gt;чхать&lt;/strong&gt;. I'll gloss over some less decent versions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-20T18:41:33.367" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T18:41:33.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15836" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-20T17:28:18.503" Score="3" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt; здесь красиво!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{vs}: Как здесь красиво!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In German, for instance, the words &amp;quot;doch/aber&amp;quot; usually used in the sense of the contrasting &amp;quot;but&amp;quot; can also serve as emphatical flavour particles in exclamative &amp;quot;how (beautiful/big)&amp;quot; contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if the same goes for the &amp;quot;же&amp;quot; here. And does it have a similar function to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отвечайте &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... though, in this instance, it is coupled with a verb?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T17:33:10.547" Title="What is the function of &quot;же&quot; in &quot;Как же здесь красиво!&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15836" CreationDate="2018-02-20T17:33:10.547" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're exactly right. &lt;em&gt;Же&lt;/em&gt; is frequently used in contexts like this, to make the statement more emphatic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10267" LastActivityDate="2018-02-20T17:33:10.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15832" CreationDate="2018-02-21T05:26:16.760" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как всё&quot; would mean 'how is everything'. Sounds awkward, I doubt native speakers use it often. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как все&quot; would mean 'how are all (people)&quot;. Sounds a bit awkward too. A better phrasing is &quot;Как там все&quot; - how are they all there.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is &lt;em&gt;как всё/все&lt;/em&gt; is seldom used as is, usually some other words are added.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-02-21T05:26:16.760" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15833" CreationDate="2018-02-21T07:49:18.870" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;ем&lt;/strong&gt; яблоко. (I am eating an apple.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;ест&lt;/strong&gt; яблоко. (He eats an apple.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я хочу &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt;. (I want to eat.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он хочет &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt;. (He wants to eat.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10291" LastActivityDate="2018-02-21T07:49:18.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15842" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-21T13:27:44.363" Score="2" ViewCount="52" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm new to Russian and started learning it about 2 or 3 months ago. Till now I've been using Duolingo to learn Russian, and as you may all know, Duolingo is not the site for 'Grammar' and I had to learn that the hard way. I've also tried using some sites like masterrussian, russianforeveryone and other similar sites, but I feel these sites are a little too advanced for a beginner like me (this may not be the case for everyone).&#xA;I just really want to know if any of you know any nice site where everything is taught about Russian, Free of cost and clearly(eg: gender, the cases, conjugations, etc) which is easy for people like me to understand.&#xA;If possible please mention any Russian learning books which includes vocabulary and grammar which is available on Amazon.&#xA;Thank you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10285" LastActivityDate="2018-02-21T13:27:44.363" Title="Training books or sites" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-02-23T11:10:58.083" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15843" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-21T14:15:57.453" Score="3" ViewCount="530" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/icsnc.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/icsnc.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the equivalent letters in the Latin alphabet and what is the first letter in the first first and in the surname in Cyrillic? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10294" LastEditorUserId="9602" LastEditDate="2018-02-22T08:04:30.913" LastActivityDate="2018-02-22T08:04:30.913" Title="What is the first letter in the first name and in the surname in Cyrillic?" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-02-22T15:50:34.523" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15843" CreationDate="2018-02-21T14:27:35.790" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looks like first letter of name and surname is &quot;Я&quot;. There is no equivalent letter in Latin alphabet. It's usually transliterated as &quot;Ya&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Name is most certainly Янъ (it's pre-reform spelling, would be Ян today). It's Russian version of name Jan. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surname is more difficult. Looks like Яв...я What's in the middle I'm unsure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2018-02-21T14:27:35.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15843" CreationDate="2018-02-21T15:07:53.663" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/1836/alissa&quot;&gt;Alissa&lt;/a&gt; correctly said, the first letter in both words is &lt;code&gt;Я&lt;/code&gt;, and the first name is &lt;code&gt;Янъ&lt;/code&gt; (Yan). But the first word is &quot;Явился&quot;. It is neither a first name nor a surname, it means &quot;[there] came&quot;. The image is most likely a scan or a photo from a parish book in which the newborn children were recordered. Every such record begins with the name of the place and date. Then it's usually written, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;There came&lt;/strong&gt; {person's name and surname}, aged X, {profession}, and in the presence of {names of 2 witnesses} presented a newborn child, born on {date} from {mother's name}&quot;. The child was baptized and given the name {name}, god-parents being {names and surnames of a man and a woman}. This Act was signed by {the name of the parish administrator}. {the name and the signature of the priest who wrote this record}.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I mean is your image has only the first name, the surname must follow the frirst name, that is, it is written to the right of the first name &lt;code&gt;Янъ&lt;/code&gt;, and it is not in your image.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once I translated such a record into English, on Linguistics StackExchange, &lt;a href=&quot;https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/9334/&quot;&gt;have a look&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2018-02-21T16:06:00.320" LastActivityDate="2018-02-21T16:06:00.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15846" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15847" CreationDate="2018-02-21T19:40:10.817" Score="3" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How strange would it sound to make the preceding consonants soft in the following words?—&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All examples are from &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Jones and Ward (1969) The Phonetics of Russian&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Furthermore, all examples are from the speech of the older generation. In other words people did speak like this at one time (or still do)--&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(I mean the С)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;спичка, смена, сфера, свет, смех&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(I mean the м)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;лампе, бомбе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(I mean the в)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;деревня, дешевле&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My&lt;/strong&gt; question is— how strange (bad) will it sound if I make letters soft that should not be soft, or letters that were soft in past generations, but are not now? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is it&lt;/strong&gt; not such a big deal to make some mistakes in softness?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2018-02-24T08:02:35.323" LastActivityDate="2018-02-24T08:02:35.323" Title="Regression with soft sounds" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15846" CreationDate="2018-02-21T20:28:33.700" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually i believe i've heard some people a feature of whose manner of speech was a degree of softening of the &lt;strong&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt;'s and the &lt;strong&gt;M&lt;/strong&gt;'s before soft consonants like in your examples. Not sure about &lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt; though as it seems to me quite resistant to softening in blends with soft consonants, i've tried it and it's not easy or convenient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What i heard sounded a bit odd to me, rather funny, but acceptable. Can't speak of other cases, i'd need to hear them to make any judgement, but palatalization has potential to severely distort the way the language sounds, so its acceptability depends on the degree of resulted distortion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time accent is not that much of a problem, but from social perspective in order to be acceptable it at least has to be referential to foreign or regional background. An accent must be natural and not arbitrary, whimsical or one-off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-21T20:40:51.413" LastActivityDate="2018-02-21T20:40:51.413" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15848" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15854" CreationDate="2018-02-22T00:39:39.643" Score="1" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто бы мог представить, что в мире все еще &lt;strong&gt;остались&lt;/strong&gt; такие уголки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{instead of}: Кто бы мог представить, что в мире все еще &lt;strong&gt;оставались&lt;/strong&gt; такие уголки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd expected to see the imperfective verb here (in the sense of &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;still remaining&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;), so the use of the perfective verb (&lt;em&gt;still remained&lt;/em&gt;) pulled me up short.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How exactly do the two verbs differ in meaning in this context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-22T18:33:39.813" Title="Why use the perfective &quot;остаться&quot; rather than the imperfective &quot;оставаться&quot; here?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15849" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15851" CreationDate="2018-02-22T01:41:46.057" Score="4" ViewCount="103" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A friend of mine told me I cannot tell &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Страна, куда я поехал&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;rather than &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Страна, куда я ездил&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. Even when I am referring to&#xA;a completed trip which just happened once (&lt;em&gt;&quot;The country I went to&#xA;in November&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, for example). &#xA;Is the imperfective indeterminate verb a requirement of &lt;strong&gt;куда&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;itself?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I want to say &quot;We need to travel at least 2000 kms if we want to go somewhere beyond (to the east) of France&quot;. Is it OK to tell &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Нам приходится доехать минимум 2000 км если мы собираемся поехать куда-либо дальше (на востоке от) Франции&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-02-22T08:37:40.470" Title="Describing a displacement" Tags="&lt;motion-verbs&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15848" CreationDate="2018-02-22T07:35:07.867" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both are possible. You can't say either of them is incorrect. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Кто бы мог представить, что в мире все еще остались такие уголки?&quot; - more implies you are talking about today's world from the point of view of now (beatiful nooks, places still remain). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Кто бы мог представить, что в мире все еще оставались такие уголки?&quot; - makes sense if you are talking about the world in the past (or the world at a particular time in the past), and at that point 'some nice nooks, places WERE STILL REMAINING). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in your sense (at present, still remain) the first variant is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-02-22T07:35:07.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15849" CreationDate="2018-02-22T08:37:40.470" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference between поехал and eздил is similar to that of &quot;have gone&quot; and &quot;have been&quot; both deriving from the verb &quot;go&quot;. Поехал means you are still there, ездил means you visited and returned. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;We need to travel at least 2000 kms if we want to go somewhere beyond (to the east) of France&quot;. Is it OK to tell &quot;Нам приходится доехать минимум 2000 км если мы собираемся поехать куда-либо дальше (на востоке от) Франции&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Almost correct. Нам придется(future) проехать(cover), как минимум,2000 км, если мы собираемся поехать куда‐либо дальше, восточнее/на восток от Франции.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-02-22T08:37:40.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15852" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15856" CreationDate="2018-02-22T17:15:05.767" Score="5" ViewCount="822" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a specific reason that, when transliterating an English name, double letters are carried over into the Cyrillic? Specific example: My daughter's name is Tillie. This is an unusual name even in English, and so when we lived for a year in Russia, everyone had to come up with Cyrillic for it on the fly. Without exception, everyone who tried ended up transliterating it as Тилли. This seems odd to me, since the double-L in English isn't really pronounced as a double. It's mostly just there so that the name doesn't look like it should be pronounced ty-lee.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would the pronunciation of Тили be noticeably different from Тилли? And if so, wouldn't the single Л actually be closer to the English pronunciation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10267" LastActivityDate="2018-02-22T19:49:03.327" Title="Transliterating double letters in names" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15848" CreationDate="2018-02-22T18:33:39.813" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Phrase #2 (&quot;оставались&quot;) is in past tense. If the phrase #1 (&quot;остались&quot;) is correct, then the phrase is supposed to be used in present tense, or, even if it talks about past, it is presumed that its meaning holds true in present as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Present tense for phrase #2 would be &quot;остаются&quot;, which can be used interchangeably with &quot;остались&quot;, but imperfective form implies that the process of disappearance is going on as we speak.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;в мире все еще остались такие уголки&quot; - there are (were) still places like that in the world (many disappeared, but some remain, and hold on);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;в мире все еще оставались такие уголки&quot; - there were places like that in the world (many disappeared, but some have remained, however by now they all might have gone)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;в мире все еще остаются такие уголки&quot; - there are still places like that in the world (many disappeared, but some are remaining, likely not for long)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-02-22T18:33:39.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15852" CreationDate="2018-02-22T18:39:55.083" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &lt;strong&gt;Тили&lt;/strong&gt; would be closer to the English pronunciation of Tillie, but &lt;strong&gt;Тилли&lt;/strong&gt; better preserves the look of how it's written. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian double consonants are noticeably longer than single ones:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;ёл - &lt;strong&gt;вв&lt;/strong&gt;ёл&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;по&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;ать - по&lt;strong&gt;дд&lt;/strong&gt;ать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;по&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;ождём - по&lt;strong&gt;д д&lt;/strong&gt;ождём&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вы &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt;ому? - Вы &lt;strong&gt;к к&lt;/strong&gt;ому?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ри&lt;strong&gt;м&lt;/strong&gt;а - Ри&lt;strong&gt;мм&lt;/strong&gt;а&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мая - Ма&lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt;я (double [й])&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-02-22T19:49:03.327" LastActivityDate="2018-02-22T19:49:03.327" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15852" CreationDate="2018-02-22T18:40:26.427" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The English name &lt;strong&gt;Billy&lt;/strong&gt; for instance is traditionally transliterated in Cyrillic as &lt;strong&gt;Билли&lt;/strong&gt; and i feel would almost stop being immediately recognizable as itself and would look odd had it been transliterated as &lt;strong&gt;Били&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However this method of transliteration accords with rules of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practical transcription of English into Russian&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;specifically this one&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ll - [l] лл&lt;/strong&gt; (в географических названиях &lt;strong&gt;л&lt;/strong&gt; перед согласными, но всегда &lt;strong&gt;лл&lt;/strong&gt; в названиях валлийского происхождения)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pronunciation of &lt;strong&gt;-лл-&lt;/strong&gt; indeed differs from &lt;strong&gt;-л-&lt;/strong&gt;, but it seems that prolonged articulation of the English double consonants in names has become the norm in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or maybe it's a manifestation of a &lt;a href=&quot;http://prometod.ru/index.php?type_page&amp;amp;katalog&amp;amp;id=879&amp;amp;met3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;phonetic rule&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Удвоенное написание согласных в русском языке сохраняется в большом&#xA;  количестве заимствованных слов, напр.: ассимиляция, аккорд, аппарат,&#xA;  интеллект и др. &lt;strong&gt;Однако удвоение согласного при произношении наблюдается&#xA;  не во всех случаях.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Как правило удвоенный согласный произносится в том&#xA;  случае, если находится в заударном слоге&lt;/strong&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both &lt;strong&gt;Billy&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Tillie&lt;/strong&gt; the double &lt;strong&gt;L&lt;/strong&gt; is found in the post-stress syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Audio examples of Russian pronunciation: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/Z4LgdnMb-KQ?t=14s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Johnny&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/gQduJ0njTW8?t=24s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Harry&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/DRgqgvHI4Cg?t=20s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Billy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-02-22T19:17:29.187" LastActivityDate="2018-02-22T19:17:29.187" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15857" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15852" CreationDate="2018-02-22T18:41:07.053" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, double letters typically transliterated as double, regardless of original pronunciation. Note that in Russian double letters do not always need to sound as double either (ex. &quot;параллельный&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, a foreign name with double letters often looks like a legal name, while compressing it to a single makes it look like a nickname (&quot;Harry&quot; - &quot;Гарри&quot; vs. &quot;Гари&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-02-22T18:41:07.053" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15858" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-22T19:16:47.583" Score="8" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давай узнаем, &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; вернулись &lt;strong&gt;ли&lt;/strong&gt; остальные.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;{vs}: Давай узнаем, вернулись &lt;strong&gt;ли&lt;/strong&gt; остальные.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if the first version with &quot;не&quot; is working on the assumption that they're &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;probably&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; already back, whereas the second suggests a &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;slim chance&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; of their return? My assumptions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;не ... ли&lt;/strong&gt;: They are likely to be already back. But let's find out for sure, just in case they aren't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ли&lt;/strong&gt;: I don't think they're back yet. But let's check it out anyway on the off chance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, can you think of other examples where &quot;не ... ли&quot; and &quot;ли&quot; make a difference like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-02-22T22:23:09.357" LastActivityDate="2018-03-28T02:13:10.470" Title="How do these two carry nuances of meaning: &quot;Давай узнаем, не ... ли ...&quot; vs. &quot;Давай узнаем, ... ли ...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15858" CreationDate="2018-02-23T12:23:02.617" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is very subtle and also may depend on context. As a rule of thumb I'd suggest using the version &lt;strong&gt;without&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; in all &lt;strong&gt;declarative sentences&lt;/strong&gt;. The negation adds some peculiarity which may be hard to capture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the given example I'd say that &lt;strong&gt;вернулись ли остальные&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't necessarily implies &lt;em&gt;slim&lt;/em&gt; chance. It can as well mean that you have solid grounds to expect they are going to return. But the expression is neutral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The version with negation on the contrary shows that you are looking forward for the return. This also makes the expression sound conversationally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other contexts &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;strong&gt;ли&lt;/strong&gt; may express other nuances. For example, it may add extra politeness to your offer as in &quot;&lt;em&gt;Не хотите ли чаю?&lt;/em&gt;&quot; And when making a polite request this &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; becomes mandatory as in &quot;&lt;em&gt;Не найдется ли у вас листа бумаги?&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-02-23T12:23:02.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15860" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-23T21:14:49.107" Score="2" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;p&gt;Native English speaker here. I'm building a collection of flashcards to learn Russian (that I will eventually share on Anki) and I'm hoping that someone could take 60 seconds to confirm the accuracy of the Russian words in &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1bfbMv67njodCbEtnwwH6NHW5cJa0PD3c2KsUSs5zvCE/edit#gid=1547172303&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this spreadsheet:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I added a notes column to provide context for some ambiguous words. Thanks in advance!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: Thanks to whoever filled in 90% of the sheet for me. Much appreciated!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10300" LastEditorUserId="10300" LastEditDate="2018-02-24T06:22:35.690" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T01:34:26.560" Title="Feedback request for this small collection of Russian words" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15846" CreationDate="2018-02-24T00:33:42.743" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would sound archaic or regional indeed.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;My grandfather, for example, keeps softening the &lt;em&gt;с&lt;/em&gt; in words like свет, последний, косвенно. However he is both elderly (turning 88 this year) and he was born in a village in Tambov region and moved to Moscow at the age of 14, so his speech has some interesting dialectal features, besides that regressive assimilation. He is not the only (aged) person I heard this softening from.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;This softening is part of a larger feature set called the old Moscow pronunciation. There palatalization went even further: четверг is pronounced like &quot;четьверьг&quot;, церковь — like &quot;церьковь&quot; and so on. This is another thing, but nowadays also quite rare. If your Russian is good enough, I highly recommend to read &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; Wikipedia article, especially the section about the old Moscow pronunciation (Старомосковское произношение). The corresponding article in English is quite poor so far, unfortunately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2442" LastActivityDate="2018-02-24T00:33:42.743" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15862" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15863" CreationDate="2018-02-25T08:19:29.410" Score="3" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И мне &lt;strong&gt;ещё никогда не&lt;/strong&gt; было так трудно вымыть квартиру, как сейчас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И мне &lt;strong&gt;никогда не&lt;/strong&gt; было так трудно вымыть квартиру, как сейчас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if the version with &amp;quot;ещё&amp;quot; emphasises the fact that something had never happened &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;until this very moment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T00:54:27.347" Title="How do these two carry nuances of meaning: &quot;ещё никогда не&quot; vs. &quot;никогда не&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15862" CreationDate="2018-02-25T10:24:26.287" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS. Sorry for the short answer @alone-Zee, but since you've nailed it - yes, the answer is just &quot;Yes&quot; - you are correct. &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/search?&amp;amp;q=translate%3A%20%D0%B5%D1%89%D1%91&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ещё&lt;/a&gt;&quot; stands for still/more/yet and simply and plainly emphasizes &quot;никогда не&quot; here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5600" LastActivityDate="2018-02-25T10:24:26.287" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15862" CreationDate="2018-02-26T00:54:27.347" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you had no &quot;как сейчас&quot;, &quot;еще не&quot; would have been simply an equivalent of &quot;not yet&quot;. Used together with &quot;как сейчас&quot;, it simply provides additional emphasis, ~&quot;never before now&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2244" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T00:54:27.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15865" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15860" CreationDate="2018-02-26T01:34:26.560" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A general reminder - language is not a secret code to be translated word for word. Even programming languages, being simple semantically, compared to natural ones, are never translated word for word. You need to provide context for each translation, apart from the obvious borrowings from English such as &quot;odometer/одометр&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of your English words can be translated by multiple Russian ones (same goes for, say, Italian or even German). If you simply want &quot;the most common&quot; then again, is it statistically most common among a general corpus? news? science reports?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want your mini-project to produce useful results, add a few sentences using the English words and ask for Russian equivalents one would use in translating those sentences. There is a reason dictionaries exist, and it is exactly this ambiguity of translation. Even the all-knowing(not!) Google Translate gives you several variants: &lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aOQBr.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aOQBr.png&quot; alt=&quot;GoogleT example screenshot&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS I fixed a couple of words and provided some comments, but as it stands now, the table is not even &quot;most common translation according to an average person&quot;, especially verbs. If you're up for some dry reading, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperfective_aspect&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; is one of huge reasons. In Russian verbs aspect is encoded into the word, not indicated by a tense like in English (eg do/did/have done etc can all be translated by several verbs with a different prefix, plus the usual grammatical ending)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2244" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T01:34:26.560" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15858" CreationDate="2018-02-26T01:49:55.430" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd (a native speaker obviously) say that the only difference I feel is &quot;не … ли&quot; is more colloquial. Without &quot;не&quot; this is perfectly suitable for an article, e.g. &quot;Важно ли знать правила русского языка?&quot; - with  &quot;не&quot; this would read rather strange.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maaaybe with &quot;не&quot; the speaker (again, colloquial usage) implies that they sort of hope/expect/think the event more likely, but again, the difference in meaning is negligible compared to the difference in the sense of colloquiality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2244" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T01:49:55.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15867" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-26T04:08:17.713" Score="5" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to see contrasting examples of the imperatives of &lt;em&gt;to go&lt;/em&gt;. What are the differences among these? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ходи&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;иди&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пойди&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8289" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2018-02-26T22:25:21.163" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T22:25:21.163" Title="The differences among the imperatives of verbs of motion" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15868" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15872" CreationDate="2018-02-26T04:45:18.657" Score="5" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я здесь многое повидал! &lt;strong&gt;Такого&lt;/strong&gt;, что многие даже не поверили бы!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;== Here, I've seen a lot of things! Such things that most people wouldn't even believe!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that the word &amp;quot;такой&amp;quot; is used here as a replacement for the accusative &amp;quot;многое&amp;quot;, the temptation is great to opt for the neuter accusative &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;такое&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T21:08:20.123" Title="What is the rationale for using the genitive &quot;такого&quot; in &quot;Такого, что многие даже не поверили бы!&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15869" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15870" CreationDate="2018-02-26T05:28:05.753" Score="5" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’m deciphering a modern transcription of &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ревизские сказки&lt;/a&gt; (revision records) written in the 19th century. All throughout I see a pattern similar to this (names have been changed):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Илья Андреевич Ростов&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;его сыновья:&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Николай&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Петр&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Ильи Андреевича жена Наталья Николаевна&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;его же дочери:&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Вера&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Наташа&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sons are listed first under “его сын” or “его сыновья”, then the wife and then the daughters under “его же дочь” or “его же дочери”. What does the word же mean in this context? If it's for emphasis, it seems odd to always emphasize “his daughters” but never “his sons”. Would the meaning change if же were left out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(By contrast, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;исповедная роспись&lt;/a&gt; or confession records for the same time and place list sons and daughters after husband and wife under the heading “дети их”.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5818" LastActivityDate="2018-03-02T04:16:26.760" Title="Meaning of же in “его сыновья ... его же дочери”" Tags="&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15869" CreationDate="2018-02-26T08:17:28.560" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The particle &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt; is used here as an extra reminder that the pronoun &lt;strong&gt;его&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;used for the second time&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;still&lt;/strong&gt; refers to the person mentioned above. It is not necessary and is just intended to make reading a bit easier (bookish style).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P.S.&lt;/strong&gt; An example with the nominative case of the pronoun (&lt;strong&gt;он же&lt;/strong&gt; in the meaning 'it was &lt;strong&gt;still him&lt;/strong&gt;').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Он&lt;/strong&gt; [or a name here] исполнял партию Томми во всех исполнениях&#xA;  одноимённой рок-оперы. Впоследствии &lt;strong&gt;он же&lt;/strong&gt; исполнил партию Иуды в одной&#xA;  из поздних записей известного мюзикла.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-02-26T08:54:56.640" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T08:54:56.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15869" CreationDate="2018-02-26T08:30:51.753" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;also&quot;, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;also his daughters&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, nothing more. The meaning won't change if you don't use it at all. But the formal official style was like that. First they named men, they were more important, because it somehow was connected with payment, then they listed women, as additional information. That's why they used &quot;же&quot;(also).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-03-02T04:16:26.760" LastActivityDate="2018-03-02T04:16:26.760" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15868" CreationDate="2018-02-26T08:34:34.860" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the two sentences do not combine perfectly. The word &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;em&gt;omitted&lt;/em&gt; from the second sentence (много такого), which would be OK if it were present in the first sentence in the same form (to refer to), but it's мног&lt;strong&gt;ое&lt;/strong&gt; instead of мног&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; there. And that gives a dissonance. Better correlated sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я здесь многое повидал! &lt;strong&gt;Много такого&lt;/strong&gt;, что многие даже не поверили бы!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я здесь &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; (чего) повидал! &lt;strong&gt;Такого&lt;/strong&gt;, что многие даже не поверили бы!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я здесь &lt;strong&gt;многое&lt;/strong&gt; повидал! И &lt;strong&gt;такое&lt;/strong&gt;, (во) что многие даже не поверили бы!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T08:34:34.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15867" CreationDate="2018-02-26T09:13:28.890" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The version &lt;strong&gt;ходи&lt;/strong&gt; is about a &lt;em&gt;continuous&lt;/em&gt; (going to and fro) or &lt;em&gt;repeated&lt;/em&gt; action, while the version &lt;strong&gt;пойди&lt;/strong&gt; is a request to go somewhere &lt;strong&gt;once&lt;/strong&gt; (maybe for doing something there), another version of it is &lt;em&gt;сходи&lt;/em&gt; (=пойди и вернись).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Repeated action:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ходи&lt;/strong&gt; весь этот месяц к врачу на уколы, и всё пройдёт. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Continuous action:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На тренировке &lt;strong&gt;ходи&lt;/strong&gt; по бревну, пока не устанешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Single action:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пойди&lt;/strong&gt; в аптеку и принеси аспирин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T09:13:28.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15867" CreationDate="2018-02-26T09:39:20.170" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ходи(те)&lt;/strong&gt; is primarily used in negative sentences: &quot;Не ходите, дети, в Африку гулять!&quot; &lt;strong&gt;Иди, пойди&lt;/strong&gt; are only used in positive contexts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пойди&lt;/strong&gt; is telling someone to run an errand, to go somewhere with a particular goal: Пойди на кухню, принеси воды. If it's a simple round trip, &lt;strong&gt;сходи&lt;/strong&gt; is preferable: Сходи в магазин, купи молока.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Иди&lt;/strong&gt; is more concerned with the process of moving: &quot;Стой! Теперь иди.&quot; although nowadays colloquially it can mean the same as &lt;strong&gt;пойди/сходи&lt;/strong&gt; and it sounds a bit rude: Иди в магазин и купи молока.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-02-26T18:52:44.617" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T18:52:44.617" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15875" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-26T10:23:38.950" Score="7" ViewCount="301" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to understand what is the difference in meaning between these two words: &lt;strong&gt;Зависть&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;ревность&lt;/strong&gt;, I used both in meaning of &quot;to be jealous&quot; but I was told by someone that there is a difference between them (since the explanation was in Russian language I'm not sure that I understood it). What is this difference?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-03-09T15:12:51.487" LastActivityDate="2018-03-09T15:12:51.487" Title="&quot;Зависть&quot; or &quot;ревность&quot;" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15875" CreationDate="2018-02-26T10:30:23.210" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's simple:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;зависть&lt;/strong&gt; – envy (a feeling of discontented or resentful longing aroused by someone else's possessions, qualities, or luck)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ревность&lt;/strong&gt; – jealousy (affection-related, as if when a man is jealous of his wife or children of their parents etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both words are nouns. Note the spelling: it's &quot;завист&lt;strong&gt;ь&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, not &quot;завис&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="4600" LastEditDate="2018-02-26T12:58:41.720" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T12:58:41.720" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15868" CreationDate="2018-02-26T16:21:29.583" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It’s normative to use accusative here (“я видел такое”), but in similar cases, especially in vernacular speech, genitive can also be heard (“я такого насмотрелся”). I think this stems from the extinct partitive case, further emphasizing the magnitude of things that were seen by suggesting those constituted only part of an even more magnificent whole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T16:21:29.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15868" CreationDate="2018-02-26T21:08:20.123" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It looks like a word formation mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian the accusative has two supporting questions, &lt;em&gt;“кого”&lt;/em&gt; (like in genitive) for animate objects and &lt;em&gt;“что”&lt;/em&gt; (like in nominative) for inanimate objects. However, nominative-like inanimate case looks inconvenient &lt;em&gt;in spoken language&lt;/em&gt; because it interferes with an actual subject in its legal nominative. So it is often unintentionally replaced with a wrong form. Then it becomes a habit and goes into a written language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it can be treated as a some sort of style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7547" LastActivityDate="2018-02-26T21:08:20.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15879" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-02-27T00:00:22.753" Score="9" ViewCount="316" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only sites answering this question are in Russian text, so I wanted to ask it here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10306" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T07:13:32.780" Title="Difference between царь and король?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15880" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15886" CreationDate="2018-02-27T03:24:58.677" Score="2" ViewCount="383" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between these two? According to wiktionary both are perfective forms of &lt;em&gt;говорит&lt;/em&gt; but I'm not sure if they're really interchangeable. When should each one be used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T19:31:26.420" Title="сказать VS поговорить" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15879" CreationDate="2018-02-27T04:47:34.450" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is mainly in &lt;em&gt;word origin&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Царь&lt;/strong&gt; comes from &lt;strong&gt;Caesar&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;король&lt;/strong&gt; comes from the name &lt;strong&gt;Карл&lt;/strong&gt;, and its derivatives are used in Eastern Europe (however, it's &lt;strong&gt;цар&lt;/strong&gt; in Bulgaria). The word &lt;strong&gt;king&lt;/strong&gt; coming from German root is usually translated into Russian as &lt;strong&gt;король&lt;/strong&gt; while Russian &lt;strong&gt;царь&lt;/strong&gt; is used as &lt;strong&gt;tzar/tsar&lt;/strong&gt; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T04:47:34.450" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15879" CreationDate="2018-02-27T07:13:32.780" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Historically &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;царь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; has been used to refer to any Russian monarch (as a general title) since Ivan IV (first to use it) till the last tsar Nicholas II. It was borrowed from the Byzantine Empire (cf. Ceasar) and traditionally used in Russian. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Король&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; on the contrary is used to refer to Western (Catholic, Latinized, etc.) kings. In Russian language &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;король&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is associated with the west (Old World kings). In Russian historical texts you can see such titles as король Швеции (king of Sweden), король Пруссии (king of Prussia) - of almost any European country. All these terms usually mean either an absolute monarch or the most important ruler. &lt;strong&gt;Царь&lt;/strong&gt; is the ruler of Russia. As the term 'emperor' (&lt;em&gt;император&lt;/em&gt;) has been used since early 18th century for a Russian monarch, &lt;strong&gt;царь&lt;/strong&gt; became a more traditional title. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T07:13:32.780" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15883" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15875" CreationDate="2018-02-27T07:37:56.740" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you work from the English word 'jealous' it is true that both these words can be used, but only in accurate senses. See OALD definitions for 'jealous':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) feeling angry or unhappy because somebody you like or love is&#xA;  showing interest in somebody else  - In Russian this implies&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;ревность&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) jealous (of somebody/something) - feeling angry or unhappy because you wish you had something that somebody else has  - In&#xA;  Russian it is usually understood as &lt;strong&gt;зависть&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in these senses &quot;to be jealous (of)&quot; applies. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for definitions of the Russian words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Зависть&lt;/strong&gt; usually means &lt;strong&gt;envy&lt;/strong&gt;. And mostly used in this sense (sometimes in a positive way of course, or as a joke)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ревность&lt;/strong&gt; has at least 3 senses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Jealousy in love, feelings, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Being angry when someone is successful and you are not (e.g. at work)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) &lt;em&gt;obsolete&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;meaning&lt;/em&gt;, zeal, huge desire, actions or energy to do or achieve something&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastEditorUserId="10247" LastEditDate="2018-02-27T07:48:22.607" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T07:48:22.607" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15884" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15885" CreationDate="2018-02-27T08:03:29.533" Score="4" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the function of &lt;em&gt;по одному&lt;/em&gt; in the following sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Брежнев ехал на машине по одному из московских проспектов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did some research and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;apparently&lt;/a&gt; it means &lt;strong&gt;one at a time&lt;/strong&gt;, that doesn't really make sense here, however. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Isn't it better to just use something like &lt;em&gt;по улице&lt;/em&gt; in this case?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2018-02-27T11:00:16.340" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T11:00:16.340" Title="Interpretation of &quot;по одному&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15884" CreationDate="2018-02-27T08:25:20.450" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are mixing two completely different cases here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;брал предметы по одному&lt;/strong&gt; - took the items &lt;strong&gt;one at a time&lt;/strong&gt;. Here, &quot;по одному&quot; is an adverb;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ехал по одному из проспектов&lt;/strong&gt; - drove along &lt;strong&gt;one of the&lt;/strong&gt; roads. In this case, &quot;один из проспектов&quot; is the object.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8895" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T08:25:20.450" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15880" CreationDate="2018-02-27T16:22:06.520" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сказать means to make one or more statements which have the effect of informing the listener on some clearly identified subject. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Скажите что я позвонил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хорошо, скажу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast поговорить means to have a talk with someone. It conveys the idea of uttering appropriate words in order to revolve a situation or to make one's position clear. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наш сын меня не слушает. Ты должен с ним поговорить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хорошо, я поговорю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T19:31:26.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15887" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15890" CreationDate="2018-02-27T17:04:26.773" Score="9" ViewCount="909" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can I say &quot;A book with more than 1000 pages&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, &quot;с более&quot; or &quot;с больше&quot; does not make sense. Someone told me that there's not such a straightforward way to use &quot;более/больше&quot; preceded by a preposition requiring a case other than the accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-03-21T21:36:46.500" Title="&quot;With more than...&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15887" CreationDate="2018-02-27T17:05:19.313" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could just say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Книга с более чем 1000 страницами&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a literal translation and it makes a perfect sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T17:05:19.313" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15887" CreationDate="2018-02-27T17:22:07.117" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whilst @Dmitry's answer is technically 100% correct, I am yet to hear someone use such a construct in a conversation. Admittedly, this particular message is quite cumbersome to communicate across in Russian without sounding as an academic textbook...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So - bearing in mind what you literally asked (&quot;How can I SAY&quot;) - a couple of more colloquial options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я тут за ночь прочёл книгу больше чем на триста страниц.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Представляешь, Сергей Петрович издал книгу - больше тысячи страниц!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastEditorDisplayName="user10069" LastEditDate="2018-02-28T19:49:57.537" LastActivityDate="2018-02-28T19:49:57.537" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15887" CreationDate="2018-02-27T17:23:47.850" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) книга с более чем тысячью страницами&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) книга, имеющая более тысячи страниц&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9795" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T17:23:47.850" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15887" CreationDate="2018-02-27T17:33:22.340" Score="6" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Книга объёмом более 1000 страниц.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use this pattern to describe other dimensions as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Гора высотой более 1000 метров.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Река длиной более 1000 километров.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dimension (объём, длина, высота) is in the instrumental case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;тысяча&lt;/strong&gt; is in the genitive case: &lt;strong&gt;более тысячи.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-03-21T21:36:46.500" LastActivityDate="2018-03-21T21:36:46.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15892" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15887" CreationDate="2018-02-27T23:48:04.180" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you must use &lt;code&gt;более&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;Книга более чем с тысячей страниц.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anti-prescriptivist as I like to think of myself as, I'm still a little peeved by &lt;code&gt;с более чем тысячей&lt;/code&gt; and dismayed to see it here twice, but perhaps it's time for me to move on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, &lt;strong&gt;книга [длиной] в тысячу с лишним страниц&lt;/strong&gt; is what sounds good to me overall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-02-27T23:48:04.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15869" CreationDate="2018-03-01T19:20:18.497" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;An English equivalent is the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;same&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; used as a replacement for a noun or a pronoun&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ilya Rostov, his sons, daughters &lt;strong&gt;of the same&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With inanimate owners in English &lt;strong&gt;thereof&lt;/strong&gt; could be used with the same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In enumeration of items belonging to the same owner or acts performed by the same actor &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt; precedes the last item to connect it with the same referent which was already mentioned earlier, especially if its connection with that referent would seem unlikely or unusual just to emphasize that it still refers thereto.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он сам делал кладку, штукатурил, стелил полы &lt;em&gt;и он &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; разрабатывал&#xA;  проект&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-03-01T19:48:24.350" LastActivityDate="2018-03-01T19:48:24.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15813" CreationDate="2018-03-02T13:49:51.703" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It isn't only literary, you can hear it in colloquial speech and rustic dialect, and in phraseology and idioms. Or just  to express you feelings brighter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &quot;Я горжусь тоб&lt;strong&gt;ой&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (I proud  of you) - is just regular phrase, means exactly what it means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &quot;Я горжусь тоб&lt;strong&gt;ою&lt;/strong&gt;!&quot; - has a lot of feelings inside, mostly warm. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8744" LastEditorUserId="8744" LastEditDate="2018-03-03T18:27:13.567" LastActivityDate="2018-03-03T18:27:13.567" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15897" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-02T17:11:09.887" Score="4" ViewCount="362" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you don't know someone's отчество, how should you address them at the beginning of a letter/email? As господин/госпожа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10319" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-03-05T08:23:00.707" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T17:56:20.370" Title="Form of address when you don't know patronymic" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15897" CreationDate="2018-03-02T19:00:17.607" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Глубокоуважаемый(-ая) господин(-жа) LAST_NAME!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2018-03-02T19:00:17.607" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15897" CreationDate="2018-03-02T19:19:19.203" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I cannot come up with anything except:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[&lt;code&gt;Уважаемый&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;Дорогой&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;Здравствуйте,&lt;/code&gt;] [&lt;code&gt;господин&lt;/code&gt;] &lt;code&gt;Имя&lt;/code&gt; [&lt;code&gt;Отчество&lt;/code&gt;] [&lt;code&gt;Фамилия&lt;/code&gt;]!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[&lt;code&gt;Уважаемый&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;Дорогой&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;Здравствуйте,&lt;/code&gt;] [&lt;code&gt;господин&lt;/code&gt;] &lt;code&gt;Фамилия&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;Имя&lt;/code&gt; [&lt;code&gt;Отчество&lt;/code&gt;]!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Here each pair of square brackets indicates an optional part.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дорогой Иван Иванович!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Уважаемый г-н Петр Петрович Петров!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Здравствуйте, Анатолий Вассерман!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Здравствуйте, Вассерман Анатолий Александрович!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Привет, Толя!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-03-03T15:22:50.633" LastActivityDate="2018-03-03T15:22:50.633" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15900" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15904" CreationDate="2018-03-03T04:57:51.783" Score="5" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;должен был предвидеть&lt;/strong&gt;, что ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the counterfactual conditional aspect of this phrasing, I'd expected to see the conditional marker &quot;бы&quot;. I wonder why you can drop &quot;бы&quot; in this particular instance, even though we're clearly talking about something that didn't happen in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume the literal translation is something like: &quot;I &lt;strong&gt;had to be foreseeing / expecting&lt;/strong&gt; that ...&quot;. Incidentally, you'd use the conditional tense &quot;j'aurais dû ...&quot; in French to describe the same idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there another phrasing like this that conveys a conditional meaning without using  &quot;бы&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-03-03T10:07:49.930" LastActivityDate="2018-03-03T19:16:24.553" Title="Why is the conditional marker &quot;бы&quot; omitted from the construction &quot;Я должен был предвидеть, что ...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15900" CreationDate="2018-03-03T09:18:09.477" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't see conditional aspect here. It's past tense. Compare to &quot;Я должен был пойти в кино (но остался дома)&quot;.  Anyway, you can say it with &quot;бы&quot; too: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я должен был бы предвидеть, что...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2018-03-03T09:18:09.477" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15900" CreationDate="2018-03-03T10:29:13.600" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The following quotation may explain this phenomenon, although in the source article it doesn't directly relate to sentences of the type in question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Возможность опущения частицы сослагательного наклонения при глаголе&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt; и прилагательном &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; связана с тем, что эти модальные слова&#xA;  частично синонимичны сослагательному наклонению: они участвуют в&#xA;  обозначении ситуации, которая является не вполне реализованной ([Bybee&#xA;  1995]; [Добрушина 2014]). Это свойство модальных предикатов&#xA;  проявляется и в других конструкциях, например в относительных&#xA;  предложениях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;source &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5#423&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://rusgram.ru/Сослагательное_наклонение#423&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However in a classic conditional sentence with conjunction &lt;strong&gt;если бы/будь&lt;/strong&gt; the particle &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; would absolutely have to be appended&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Если бы&lt;/strong&gt; я &lt;strong&gt;был&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;Будь&lt;/strong&gt; я ясновидящим, я &lt;strong&gt;должен был бы&lt;/strong&gt; предвидеть, что нам отключат воду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But like other participants i tend to think that your example isn't a part of a conditional sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just as in English one can say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I &lt;code&gt;would have to&lt;/code&gt; foresee, that...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I &lt;code&gt;would have had&lt;/code&gt; to foresee, that...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I &lt;code&gt;had to&lt;/code&gt; foresee, that...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which all express different moods&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-03-03T18:21:51.377" LastActivityDate="2018-03-03T18:21:51.377" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15900" CreationDate="2018-03-03T10:37:52.810" Score="1" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я должен был предвидеть, что …&#xA;&#xA;…we're clearly talking about something that didn't happen in the past.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are absolutely sure (from a larger context) that you are talking about a counterfactual event, then your Russian phrase is wrong. What is your source? If not a good book, then it's probably a case of hypercorrection (similar to an English &quot;he invited my husband and I to lunch&quot;), because there is indeed a &quot;low literacy&quot; marker of people using more &quot;бы&quot; than the grammar calls for, &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5#33&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here's&lt;/a&gt; a description of such overuse. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have a read if that huge article anyway, maybe 4.1 is your case - it still does require the particle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarise the article, though:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сослагательное наклонение обозначает ситуации, не существующие в реальном мире.&#xA;Сослагательное наклонение выражается аналитически с помощью частицы бы (б).&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Full stop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you assume that &quot;Я должен был предвидеть, что…&quot; by itself indicates a counterfactual aspect, then perhaps it's your view on life that needs adjustment. Or at least your Russian grammar! ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Counterfactuality here doesn't follow from &quot;Я должен был&quot;. In Russian the phrase is simply a factual statement about the past - he had to have foreseen (he didn't foresee, but still &lt;em&gt;had&lt;/em&gt; to)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2244" LastEditorUserId="2244" LastEditDate="2018-03-03T10:47:57.000" LastActivityDate="2018-03-03T10:47:57.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15900" CreationDate="2018-03-03T12:11:46.957" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are sentences when the &lt;strong&gt;conditional&lt;/strong&gt; clause is marked with &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt;, and the main clause is used in the &lt;strong&gt;indicative&lt;/strong&gt; because we have modal verbs &lt;strong&gt;мочь и должен&lt;/strong&gt; instead. The rule is about &lt;strong&gt;counterfactual&lt;/strong&gt; (unrealized ) events. That's just your sentence, though it has only main clause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если бы в мои планы входило украсть что-нибудь, я мог вынести даже прилавок. [А. Геласимов. Год обмана (2003)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Конечно, бабушка и без нее бы обошлась, но если бы она не взялась помогать, в семье могла произойти ссора. [«Мурзилка» (2002)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если бы они померли сами, то должны были где-нибудь валяться. [А. Геласимов. Степные боги (2008)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's another possibility to omit бы, when it is used for &lt;strong&gt;politeness or to express wish&lt;/strong&gt;. We can have indicative mood after if, and &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; in the main clause.&#xA;The situation refers to &lt;strong&gt;present or future&lt;/strong&gt; and can be realized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но если нам по пути, я проводил бы вас… с вашего позволения…[Ю. Буйда. Город палачей (2003)] (politeness )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но, если вы не возражаете, я бы спросил вас кое о чем предварительно. [В. Белоусова. По субботам не стреляю (2000)] (politeness )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Людмила Викторовна, раз уж зашла речь, я бы хотел попросить ненадолго ваши камни, те, с которыми Аркадий Викторович экспериментировал. [Е. Парнов. Третий глаз Шивы (1985)] (politeness )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если ее выгнали из квартиры, оставила бы мне весточку. [В. Бережков. Рядом со Сталиным (1998)] (wish)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«А вы если не смогли со всем разобраться, то подавали бы давно рапорт, уходили б в отставку!» [О. Павлов. Казенная сказка (1993)] (wish)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-03T19:16:24.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15905" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-03T12:36:03.107" Score="8" ViewCount="481" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First ..., and now this!? &lt;strong&gt;So much for&lt;/strong&gt; a peaceful vacation!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, you use the expression &amp;quot;so much for X&amp;quot; ironically and dejectedly when something didn't turn out the way you'd hoped. In this specific example, something put a damper on what was supposed to be a peaceful vacation. I wonder if the following two phrases sound idiomatic enough?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First ..., and now this!? &lt;strong&gt;Не слишком ли это для&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;quot;мирного отпуска&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First ..., and now this!? &lt;strong&gt;Это уж слишком для&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;quot;мирного отпуска&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-09T07:39:05.370" Title="Russian equivalents of the English idiom &quot;So much for (a peaceful vacation)!&quot;" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;idioms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15905" CreationDate="2018-03-03T12:42:49.160" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes they do. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the Russian phrase would be more accurately back rendered in English as &lt;strong&gt;too much for&lt;/strong&gt; rather than &lt;strong&gt;so much for&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While &lt;strong&gt;so much for&lt;/strong&gt; can be translated as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот такой (вот) &quot;мирный отпуск&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот тебе и &quot;мирный отпуск&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Про &quot;мирный отпуск&quot; можно забыть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Коту под хвост весь &quot;мирный отпуск&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?CL=1&amp;amp;s=so+much+for&amp;amp;l1=1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;... and with many more other options&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-03-03T12:50:23.460" LastActivityDate="2018-03-03T12:50:23.460" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15907" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-03T15:17:12.527" Score="3" ViewCount="248" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word for a Russian is Русский. The word for the Russian language is по-русский or русский язык (i.e. they are the same). So you could say я Русский.&#xA;However the word for an Englishman is Англичанин and the word for English is по-английский (i.e. they are not the same). So you can't say я Английский. Similarly the words for an Italian and for the Italian language (итальянец, итальянский) are not the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-03-05T16:00:56.777" LastActivityDate="2018-03-07T19:39:18.187" Title="I am confused by the difference between the word for a language and the word for a people who speak that language" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2018-03-11T15:43:12.753" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15907" CreationDate="2018-03-03T17:22:38.027" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, in Russian, the name of the nationality is usually different from the name of the language. That's because nationalities are &lt;em&gt;nouns&lt;/em&gt;, English often has the same difference: nationality is &lt;em&gt;Pole&lt;/em&gt;, but the language is &lt;em&gt;Polish&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Spaniard&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Spanish&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Swede&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Swedish&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The languages are usually named with &lt;em&gt;adjectives&lt;/em&gt;, but that's simply because the word &amp;quot;language&amp;quot; is omitted: &lt;em&gt;[the] English [language]&lt;/em&gt; ~ &lt;em&gt;английский [язык]&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &amp;quot;I'm a Pole&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;Я поляк&amp;quot; (nouns in both languages), and &amp;quot;I study [the] Polish [language]&amp;quot; is correspondingly &amp;quot;Я изучаю польский [язык]&amp;quot; (adjectives in both languages).&lt;br/&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: the only exception is &amp;quot;Russian&amp;quot;  (русский), since the nationality is expressed by a substantivized adjective which is identical with the adjective naming the language: &amp;quot;Я русский&amp;quot; vs. &amp;quot;Я изучаю русский [язык].&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt; words are a bit different. They are &lt;em&gt;adverbs&lt;/em&gt; and are used mostly after verbs dealing with speech, such as &lt;em&gt;to speak, to talk, to think, to write, to read&lt;/em&gt; (говорить, разговаривать, думать, писать, читать). After such verbs, the &lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt; adverbs can be substituted with a prepositional noun phrase &lt;strong&gt;на + language name in the prepositional case&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я говорю по-русски. / Я говорю на русском [языке].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не умею читать по-китайски. / Я не умею читать на китайском [языке].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when there are no those speech verbs, ot the verb is &amp;quot;to&amp;quot; be, only the &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; forms are possible:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эта книга на французском.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a list of some countries with their nationalities and languages. And remember, since nationalities in Russian are nouns and designate people, they all have the other form for females, and also plural forms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Country: Nationality (male) - Language - In ... language&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Россия: русский - русский [язык] - по-русски / на русском &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Англия: англичанин - английский [язык] - по-английски / на английском [языке] &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Украина: украинец - украинский [язык] - по-украински / на украинском [языке] &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Италия: итальянец - итальянский [язык] - по-итальянски / на итальянском [языке] &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Франция: француз - французский [язык] - по-французски / на французском [языке] &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Польша: поляк - польский [язык] - по-польски / на польском [языке] &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P.S.&lt;/strong&gt; In Russian, the names of the nationalities and languages are capitalized only if they are the first word in a sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-03T17:22:38.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15909" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-03T19:46:25.123" Score="6" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;Will it be correct if I translate &quot;It depends on the context&quot; into &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Это зависит &lt;em&gt;от&lt;/em&gt; контекста&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;? I understand that always I have to use the preposition &quot;от&quot; rather than other prepositions (e.g. Это зависит &lt;em&gt;от&lt;/em&gt; погода). Isn't it? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T21:45:05.273" Title="How to say &quot;It depends on the context&quot;?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15910" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-03T19:58:37.820" Score="8" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;I mean plural genitive in &quot;отряды драгун, улан, гусар, рейтар, кирасир, партизан, гренадир&quot;, but for some reason that doesn't apply to &quot;отряды мушкетёров, юнкеров, сапёров и казаков&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Why does this apply to some unit types, but not the others? It's not &quot;native vs non-native&quot; or &quot;modern vs historical&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Has it always been like that?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6551" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-03-06T13:36:29.113" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T13:36:29.113" Title="Why do many military unit types have weird declension?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15909" CreationDate="2018-03-03T20:00:47.800" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Зависит (verb) is used with the &quot;fixed&quot; preposition &quot;от&quot; followed by the genitive case - родительный падеж. Зависит от чего?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;зависит от контекста, от погоды, от него.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-03-06T21:45:05.273" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T21:45:05.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15912" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-03T20:07:41.253" Score="0" ViewCount="88" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is the letters M and T (&lt;code&gt;м&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;m&lt;/code&gt;) are similar in hand writing in Russian language? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: от &amp;rarr; &lt;em&gt;оm&lt;/em&gt;. vs. &lt;em&gt;oм&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="6907" LastEditDate="2018-03-04T00:43:14.983" LastActivityDate="2018-03-04T00:43:14.983" Title="Why is the letters M and T are similar in hand writing in Russian language?" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2018-03-04T10:12:50.013" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15916" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15917" CreationDate="2018-03-04T10:24:01.153" Score="7" ViewCount="359" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it rude to use imperative with imperfective verbs?&#xA;Like, suppose you are a customs officer asking someone to open their case, you could probably (I'm just guessing at this point) say either: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;откройте, пожалуйста&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;открывайте, пожалуйста&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually I'd go for the former since, from my experience, perfective verbs are more likely to be used in this kind of construction (again, this is pure speculation).&#xA;So the question is, does it really matter which one you choose here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-03-07T08:05:21.080" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T05:59:04.620" Title="Imperative with imperfective verbs" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;imperative&gt;&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15916" CreationDate="2018-03-04T11:07:57.727" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &lt;strong&gt;откройте&lt;/strong&gt; sounds more polite, especially when followed by &lt;strong&gt;пожалуйста.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Открывайте&lt;/strong&gt; is more likely to be followed by &lt;strong&gt;сейчас же!&lt;/strong&gt; (immediately!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-03-04T11:07:57.727" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15916" CreationDate="2018-03-04T16:21:44.727" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It does matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Imperfective imperati&lt;/em&gt;ve is not necessarily rude if mitigated by some words of politeness and/or intonation and verbosity, i.e.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну, давайте, открывайте скоренько&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without such dampers it certainly may be perceived as confrontational, more aggressive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the difference between them stems from the fact that semantically &lt;em&gt;perfective imperative&lt;/em&gt; is a one-off demand, which leaves to the addressee the freedom of refusal or non-compliance.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Imperfective imperative&lt;/em&gt; on the other hand expresses importunate persistent demand showing that the speaker isn't inclined to back off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's however a pointedly rude and disrespectful imperative which cannot be tempered by any politesse, namely &lt;em&gt;past tense perfective&lt;/em&gt; form of a verb&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Открыл/а/и!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Встал/а/и!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Упал, отжался!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This form not only demands action but demands that it invariably be done already.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another ostensibly disrespectful form of imperative is infinitive form of a verb&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Открыть учебники!&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Всем встать!&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Не двигаться!&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Сидеть!&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Выходить по одному!&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Ждать меня тут!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still it can be acceptable in some formal hierarchical contexts such as army, penitentiary system and activities of law enforcement agencies, even in school, basically where degrading of human dignity isn't considered problematic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yet another unpleasant form of imperative is verb in present tense&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Садишься за стол, пишешь объяснительную&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зах&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;дите, снимаете обувь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;См&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;трите видео, потом пересказываете&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сейчас (ты) отдыхаешь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-05T21:16:01.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15897" CreationDate="2018-03-04T20:12:32.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming that you know their first name, these are polite enough:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте, Андрей!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Уважаемый Андрей,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Addressing someone with just their first name in the Вы-register is becoming more popular in the business world. Or if you know them well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дорогой Андрей,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you only know their last name, you can go with &lt;strong&gt;господин/госпожа&lt;/strong&gt;, usually abbreviated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Уважаемый г-н Иванов,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Уважаемая г-жа Иванова,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are a lot more formal than the others I've mentioned and are expected in the hospitality industry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-04T20:12:32.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15910" CreationDate="2018-03-04T21:41:48.317" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;One theory maintains that these exceptions from the regular pl.G. ending rule can most of the time be classified as collective nouns (not exactly the same phenomenon as well-known English collective nouns, by the way). They include:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ethnic groups (&lt;em&gt;башкиры - башкир, грузины - грузин&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;military formations &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;fruit and veg (&lt;em&gt;баклажаны - баклажан, помидоры - помидор&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;units of measurment (&lt;em&gt;граммы - грамм, амперы - ампер&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;...and there may be more&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately I could not find any articles that would clearly explain quite why that is the case. However, where saying smth like &lt;em&gt;полк солдат, эскадрон гусар, грядка помидор&lt;/em&gt; is possible, this zero ending may turn out to be the correct pl.G. form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2018-03-04T21:41:48.317" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15910" CreationDate="2018-03-05T08:12:50.693" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually de-facto, form like &lt;code&gt;гусаров, партизанов, солдатов&lt;/code&gt; are perfectly legal but have slightly different meaning. Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Существительное, одушевлённое, мужской род, 2-е склонение (тип&#xA;  склонения 1a((2)) по классификации А. А. Зализняка); в род. п. мн. ч.&#xA;  допускается форма гуса́р (преимущ. при собир. знач.) и гуса́ров&#xA;  (преимущ. при обознач. отдельных лиц).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's another &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search-answer?s=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/a&gt;, more general:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Названия людей по национальности и по принадлежности к воинским&#xA;  соединениям, преимущественно употребляющиеся в формах множественного&#xA;  числа в собирательном значении: мадьяры - мадьяр, туркмены - туркмен,&#xA;  гардемарины - гардемаринов и гардемарин, партизаны - партизан, солдаты&#xA;  - солдат; сюда же относится форма р. п. мн. ч. человек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And it's indeed the case. For instance, when one talk about &lt;code&gt;партизаны&lt;/code&gt; as a whole they most likely would say &lt;code&gt;партизан&lt;/code&gt;, when one will talk about some specific group, he/she most likely will say &lt;code&gt;партизанов&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В этом лесу много партизан.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пары партизанов хватит чтобы устроить тут диверсию.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, being back to your question, it's just happened that military ranks by their nature denote some general group of people, that's why. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-03-05T08:12:50.693" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15910" CreationDate="2018-03-05T14:30:24.800" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Zero ending in Genitive plural could be a remnant or influence of both Church Slavonic, where both forms seem to be equivalent, and Old Russian, where it was characteristic of the words we now inflect differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;§ 12 Существительныя на ъ, съ предшествующею согласною в, б, п, м, н, л, р, с, т, д, з, г, к, х, суть рода мужескаго, и склоняются слѣдующимъ образомъ:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Множественнаго числа&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Родит. подобенъ именительному единственнаго ч. БИСЕРЪ, ВЛАСЪ, ВЪЛКЪ,&#xA;  ВЛЪХВЪ, ВОСТОКЪ, ЗАПАДЪ и пр. -ОВЪ, рѣдко. Въ Остром. однажды&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;греховъ&lt;/strong&gt;, въ Григ. Богосл. ХI в. &lt;strong&gt;домовъ&lt;/strong&gt; и Супр. &lt;strong&gt;из домовъ, оудовъ&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Грамматика церковно-словенскаго языка, изложенная по дрѣвнейшимъ онаго письменным памятникамъ&quot;, А.Х. Востоков, стр. 15, 17&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В твердом варианте склонения у существительных в родитель­ном  падеже &#xA;  встречается  окончание  &lt;strong&gt;-ѡвъ&lt;/strong&gt;  и  нулевое  окончание. &lt;strong&gt;Одно и  то&#xA;  же  слово может  иметь  оба варианта окончания&lt;/strong&gt;:  &lt;code&gt;Сподоби  ѧ  видѣти  чада&lt;/code&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;чадѡвъ&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.  &lt;code&gt;Вѣнецъ  старыхъ  чада&lt;/code&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;чадъ&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;em&gt;[Притч.  17, &#xA;  6]&lt;/em&gt;.  В существительных с нулевым окончанием для отличия от формы И.&#xA;  ед.  используются  дополнительные  графические  средства, а именно: &#xA;  буквы &lt;strong&gt;є, ѡ&lt;/strong&gt; и облеченное ударение.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В  мягком  варианте  склонения &#xA;  возможны  окончания  ־євъ, -Ей и нулевое окончание:  царЕй, &#xA;  іЕрЕєвъ,  &lt;strong&gt;пѡль &lt;em&gt;(полей)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;·&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Церковнославянский язык&quot;, А.А. Плетнева, А.Г. Кравецкий, стр. 68&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Существительные с основами&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;-ŏ (столъ)&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-jŏ (конь, поле)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Единственное  число&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;    *-ŏ  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; *-jŏ&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;М.р.&lt;/em&gt;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;М.р.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Ср.р.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И. дроугъ &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;конь &amp;nbsp;поле&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Множественное  число&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;*-ŏ  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; *-jŏ&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;М.р.&lt;/em&gt;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;М.р.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Ср.р.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И. дроузи &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;кони &amp;nbsp;поля&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Р. дроугъ &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;конь &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;поль  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Существительные с основой на согласный М.р.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;* &lt;em&gt;-en&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Единственное  число&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И. камы &lt;em&gt;(камень)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Множественное  число&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И. камене(ние)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Р. каменъ(ии)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dialekt.vspu.ru/sites/dialekt.vspu.ru/files/metodichka.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Древнерусский язык. Учебно методическое пособие&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, Приложение 3 &quot;Образцы склонения и спряжения&quot;, стр. 64-66&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;И у Пушкина в &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pesni.voskres.ru/poems/pushk02.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Пророке&lt;/a&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И внял я неба содроганье,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И горний ангелов полет,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;И &lt;code&gt;гад&lt;/code&gt; морских подводный ход.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И дольней лозы прозябанье.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://azangru.livejournal.com/294944.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;A discussion some data sources was borrowed from&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And it also could be caused by interference of Genitive of feminine nouns, because in all other cases both masculine and feminine nouns inflect identically  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ед.ч.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; мн.ч. И.п. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; мн.ч. Р.п.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;м.р.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; гусар &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;гусары &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;гусар&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ж.р.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; пара &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;пары &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;пар&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;м.р.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; солдат &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;солдаты &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;солдат&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ж.р.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; палата &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;палаты &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;палат&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;м.р.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; драгун &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;драгуны &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;драгун&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ж.р.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; лагуна &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;лагуны &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;лагун&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-03-06T09:05:05.043" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T09:05:05.043" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15923" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15907" CreationDate="2018-03-05T14:33:53.300" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, I would say &quot;I'm English&quot; where &quot;English&quot; is an adjective presumably meaning &quot;I'm (an) English (man)&quot;. I would never say &quot;I'm an English man&quot; in full. Similarly in French je suis francais.&#xA;From your explanation it appears you can use this construction in Russian for a Russian but not for any other nationality. Have I understood?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastActivityDate="2018-03-05T14:33:53.300" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15924" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15926" CreationDate="2018-03-06T15:32:15.673" Score="4" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;I thought I had learned the word for &lt;em&gt;everywhere&lt;/em&gt; some time ago—&lt;strong&gt;всюду.&lt;/strong&gt; But this morning I ran across &lt;strong&gt;везде,&lt;/strong&gt; which got me looking around, and so I also found &lt;strong&gt;повсюду&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;повсеместно.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What, if anything, are the distinctions in meaning among these words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, are they all used fairly frequently, or are some of them uncommon in typical communication?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I did also see &lt;em&gt;куда ни кинь,&lt;/em&gt; but that one seems pretty easy to think of as &lt;em&gt;wherever you look.&lt;/em&gt; So I get that distinction.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10267" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T16:21:31.793" Title="Sorting the various terms for &quot;everywhere&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15924" CreationDate="2018-03-06T16:01:37.213" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the words &lt;code&gt;(по-)всюду&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;повсеместно&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;везде&lt;/code&gt; are completely interchangeable in respect to their meaning.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Despite that the words &lt;code&gt;всюду&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;повсюду&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;повсеместно&lt;/code&gt; are a bit less frequently used nowadays, they don't sound ancient or too bookish. You can use them freely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Side note. The word &lt;code&gt;повсеместно&lt;/code&gt; derived from the word &lt;code&gt;повсеместный&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;ubiquitous&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-03-06T16:21:31.793" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T16:21:31.793" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15924" CreationDate="2018-03-06T16:11:46.003" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Везде&lt;/strong&gt; is the neutral word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Всюду&lt;/strong&gt; is just a bit archaic-sounding, but is otherwise equivalent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Повсюду&lt;/strong&gt; also answers “куда?” (in addition to “где?”), so with words like “разлететься” you can use повсюду but not the other synonyms mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Повсеместно&lt;/strong&gt; literally means “in all places”, is somewhat formal and might feel a bit more figurative than literal (like “in most places, those that really matter”).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in general these are near-perfect synonyms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T16:11:46.003" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15927" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15928" CreationDate="2018-03-06T16:54:43.180" Score="7" ViewCount="226" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two common uses for the English word &lt;strong&gt;experience:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the specific sense, as in &quot;skydiving was an interesting experience&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the more general sense, as in &quot;I have the job experience you're looking for&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The former is a description of the immediate process of living through something, perceiving it, etc. Where as the latter is typically more focused on the knowledge or expertise gained by having participated in something. They're not cleanly separate, of course, since the former typically leads to the latter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whenever I've looked up &lt;em&gt;experience&lt;/em&gt; in an English-Russian dictionary, they always give &lt;strong&gt;опыт&lt;/strong&gt; as the translation—often the only one. My sense is that that word is the best translation for the &lt;em&gt;second&lt;/em&gt; usage above. Is it also the proper term for the &lt;em&gt;first&lt;/em&gt; usage, or would &lt;strong&gt;переживание&lt;/strong&gt; be better for that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've also noticed, on &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.linguee.com/english-russian/search?query=experience&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Linguee&lt;/a&gt; for example, that &lt;em&gt;переживание&lt;/em&gt; is indicated to be less frequently used. Is that because &lt;em&gt;опыт&lt;/em&gt; meets the same need, or because the second usage above is a more common topic of conversation among Russians? I wouldn't normally wonder that, but in this case it does conform to my sense of the cultural differences between, say, America (whence I come) and Russia. But perhaps I'm reading too much into it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10267" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-03-06T17:19:05.103" LastActivityDate="2018-03-10T04:42:13.667" Title="&quot;Опыт&quot; vs &quot;переживание&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15927" CreationDate="2018-03-06T17:36:02.720" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Переживание&lt;/em&gt; (literally, &quot;living-through&quot;) is quite a set way to translate the English phrase &quot;emotional experience&quot;. I can't think of any other way for it to be used to translate &quot;experience&quot; outside this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, your gut feeling is right, Russian &lt;em&gt;опыт&lt;/em&gt; usually only applies to knowledge and expertise indeed. &quot;Skydiving was an interesting experience&quot; is best translated as &lt;em&gt;прыгать с парашютом было очень интересно&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T17:36:02.720" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15897" CreationDate="2018-03-06T17:56:20.370" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, you can use their name or surname or both. Like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Дорогой, Андрей or Дорогой, Андрей Петров&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also use &quot;друг&quot;(friend) if its friend email. Anyway you can even &lt;strong&gt;avoid&lt;/strong&gt; that and just say &quot;Привет/Здравствуйте&quot;(Hi/Hello) and after that start letter body. However&#xA;there is no particular pattern of writing letter in Russian, so even last proposition is optional. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10330" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T17:56:20.370" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15832" CreationDate="2018-03-06T22:47:09.973" Score="3" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;все = everyone&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;всё = everything&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Written Russian often disposes of the dots above Ё which can be confusing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как всё&quot; is not idiomatic Russian. If you want to say &quot;How is everything?&quot;, simply use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как дела?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to greet a group of people with &quot;Hi, how is everyone?&quot;, you may use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всем привет! Как настроение?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как все&quot; can be used, but not as a greeting:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как мама? Как папа? Как все? = How's mum? How's dad? How's everyone?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can also mean 'like everyone (else)':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как поживаешь? - Как все: работаю, учусь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-03-06T22:47:09.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15927" CreationDate="2018-03-07T05:52:29.897" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;skydiving was an interesting experience&lt;/em&gt; - It's possible to say &lt;strong&gt;переживание&lt;/strong&gt; (probably when saying of a jump which caused strong emotions), or &lt;strong&gt;впечатление&lt;/strong&gt; (if you mean an unusual impression regardless of emotions), even &lt;strong&gt;опыт&lt;/strong&gt; (e.g. if you mean this pursuit was interesting experience for your career professionally). That is to say a speaker might want to be specific here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I have the job experience you're looking for&lt;/em&gt; - most likely implies &lt;strong&gt;опыт&lt;/strong&gt; (i.e. you have enough skills, knowledge, practice, etc., sometimes implying you are a seasoned person who suits the job).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not that &lt;strong&gt;переживание&lt;/strong&gt; is used rarely. It's a literary word often implying some stronger feelings (so it's more often used in suitable contexts, emotionally coloured speech, or literary works). While &lt;strong&gt;опыт&lt;/strong&gt; is a neutral word suitable for any style (from philosophical meaning 'experience' to everyday meaning like 'job experience', etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-03-07T05:52:29.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13951" CreationDate="2018-03-07T11:18:34.307" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;По нынешним понятиям об этикете письмо сие было бы весьма неприличным,&#xA;  но оно рассердило Кирила Петровича не странным слогом и расположением,&#xA;  но только своею сущностью&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А интересно, как вы думаете, в чем именно заключалась «странность»?&#xA;  Перечитываю, перечитываю, а я еще ничего особенно старомодного в&#xA;  сравнении с основным текстом романа в этом письме так и не нашел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот что странное в письме:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Обращение.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обращение &quot;милостивый государь&quot; и ему подобные были только в официальных письмах. В дружеских письмах никаких &quot;государей&quot; не было. Например, Дельвиг письма к Пушкину начинал &quot;Здравия желаю Александру милому и поздравляю с Новым годом&quot;, &quot;Поздравляем тебя, милый Пушкин, с переменой судьбы твоей&quot; и т. д.  Также могли друга назвать &quot;любезнейший&quot; (например, &quot;здравствуйте, любезнейшая и почтеннейшая Варвара Алексеевна&quot;), а часто (даже, может быть, в большинстве случаев) обходились без обращения, сразу переходя к делу.  &lt;em&gt;Своим обращением Дубровский сразу даёт понять, что они с Троекуровым более не друзья.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но это далеко не всё. Теоретически, по Далю, были три обращения: &quot;милостивый государь&quot; к высшим, &quot;милостивый государь мой&quot; к равным и &quot;государь мой&quot; к низшим. На практике, из трёх обращений в письмах почти всегда выбирали первое. Так, например, Бекендорф в письме Пушкину называет его &quot;милостивый государь&quot;, хотя отправитель неизмеримо выше адресата и по табели о рангах (Бекендорф был генералом от кавалерии), и по титулу (граф), и по занимаемой должности.  Словами &quot;Милостивый государь мой&quot; письма начинали редко, а &quot;государь мой&quot;, кажется, никогда. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слова &quot;государь мой премилостивый&quot; странные. Такого обращения не было, и звучит это как гибрид второго обращения, не очень-то вежливого, и третьего, пренебрежительного.  Да и перестановка слов - это как если бы современное письмо начать так &quot;Иван Иванович, уважаемый, ...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Подпись&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Под стать обращению.  В официальных письмах прощались словами &quot;милостивый государь (с новой строки) ваш покорный слуга&quot;, иногда слегка изменёнными: ваш покорнейший слуга, вашего превосходительства всепокорнейший слуга и т.д. Пример:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;                       Милостивый государь!&#xA;                         Николай Петрович.&#xA;&#xA;Почтенное письмо ваше с приложением перстня от ее императорского величества имел&#xA;я счастие получить. Принимаю с глубочайшим благоговением и благодарностью сей&#xA;знак высокой ее милости к слабому моему таланту. Имею честь пребыть с истинным &#xA;почтением&#xA;&#xA;                                                         милостивый государь&#xA;                                                       ваш покорнейший слуга&#xA;                                                                Иван Крылов.&#xA;&#xA;                           Апреля 22 дня&#xA;                               1826.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Была подпись &quot;остаюсь готовым к услугам вашим&quot; (или &quot;вашим услугам&quot;), например, в письме Белинского Гоголю 1842 года (не путать с их перепиской 1847 года, вошедшей в хрестоматии).  Будучи в ярости, Дубровский смешал эти две подписи, получилось опять же не вежливая подпись, а что-то странное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Основной текст&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я до тех пор не намерен ехать в Покровское, пока не вышлете Вы мне&#xA;  псаря Парамошку с повинною; а будет моя воля наказать его или&#xA;  помиловать, а я терпеть шутки от Ваших холопьев не намерен, да и от&#xA;  Вас их не стерплю, потому что я не шут, а старинный дворянин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Текст не разбит на предложения и стилистически неправилен. Правильно, по-моему:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я до тех пор не намерен ехать в Покровское, пока не вышлете Вы мне псаря Парамошку с повинною, а наказать его или помиловать, на то моя воля. Я терпеть шутки от Ваших холопьев не намерен, да и от Вас их не стерплю, потому что я не шут, а старинный дворянин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-03-07T11:18:34.307" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15907" CreationDate="2018-03-07T19:39:18.187" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why is this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the risk of having to stand corrected I daresay that is the remnant of an archaic tendency to single oneself and one's tribe out in the multitude of other tribes inhabiting the land. This phenomenon reminds me of a old film about Native Americans where they called themselves Human Beings as opposed to the colonists whom they called White Men. Thus, Russian defines its speakers as posessing a certain (ethnic, tribal) quality whilst all the non-speakers are defined as being members of particular (ethnic, tribal) groups. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian word &lt;em&gt;национальность&lt;/em&gt; itself (widely perceived as a translation of e.g. English word &lt;em&gt;nationality&lt;/em&gt; - which is wrong) primarily means ethnic origin, whilst in English, French and presumably many other languages it means a mere belonging to a language and a state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2018-03-07T19:39:18.187" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15934" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15935" CreationDate="2018-03-08T10:55:34.090" Score="4" ViewCount="119" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;связать себя &lt;strong&gt;брачными&lt;/strong&gt; узами&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;связать себя узами &lt;strong&gt;брака&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder when you use one over the other and which is considered stylistically superior: &amp;quot;брак&amp;quot; as Plural Instrumental or as Singular Genitive. I assume their meanings boil down to essentially the same .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-09T04:36:14.063" Title="&quot;связать себя брачными узами&quot; vs &quot;связать себя узами брака&quot;" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15934" CreationDate="2018-03-08T11:29:37.300" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Despite I'd personally prefer the second one, I believe they are completely interchangeable. I cannot imagine any nuances in meaning or usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example of completely equivalent phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ограничить себя &lt;strong&gt;моральными&lt;/strong&gt; нормами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ограничить себя нормами &lt;strong&gt;морали&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-08T11:29:37.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15936" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15937" CreationDate="2018-03-08T12:52:36.257" Score="5" ViewCount="415" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;До сих пор&lt;/strong&gt; не верится, что ты ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Всё ещё&lt;/strong&gt; не верится, что ты ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;До сих пор всё ещё&lt;/strong&gt; не верится, что ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder how the two similar phrases &amp;quot;до сих пор&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;всё ещё&amp;quot; are nuanced in this specific sentence and if combining them together serves to emphasise its meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-10T09:21:44.927" Title="&quot;До сих пор не верится&quot; vs &quot;Всё ещё не верится&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15936" CreationDate="2018-03-08T13:21:15.603" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;“До сих пор” — literally “until these times” — can exclude the present moment while “всё ещё” would tend to include it, but the present tense of the verb “верится” negates that difference in the sentences given, where both phrases are identical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;До сих пор не пробовал я настоящего кофе! — as a compliment to the drink being currently enjoyed&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Я всё ещё не пробовал настоящего кофе — and the one being currently consumed isn’t spectacular either&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Combining the phrases sounds unnatural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-03-08T13:21:15.603" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15936" CreationDate="2018-03-08T13:42:42.893" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;До сих пор всё ещё&lt;/strong&gt; не верится&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is a no-no, in Russian such use would be described as &lt;em&gt;масло масляное&lt;/em&gt;, that is tautological.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make it more palatable the pronoun &lt;strong&gt;всё&lt;/strong&gt; could be dropped&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;До сих пор ещё&lt;/strong&gt; не верится&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's still not perfect, but acceptable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-03-08T13:42:42.893" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15905" CreationDate="2018-03-09T00:51:27.733" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Тоже мне мирный отпуск - (тоже мне _______ (нашёлся)) - used to express indignation and dissatisfaction with something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И это мирным отпуском называется?! (A little more emphatic than some of the examples offered above) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10338" LastActivityDate="2018-03-09T00:51:27.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15875" CreationDate="2018-03-09T00:59:25.197" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add to what was said above, the grammatical constructions for these two words are different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;завидовать (кому) &#xA;For example, if  someone just got a ticket to a movie you wanted to see you might hear: &quot;Я завидую тебе белой завистью. - This is a &quot;friendly&quot; sort of envy, if such a thing exists. You're happy for the other person but don't secretly covet what they want.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-ревновать кого к кому-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ревную свою девушку к её бывшему&#xA;I'm jealous of my girlfriend over/because of her past boyfriend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10338" LastActivityDate="2018-03-09T00:59:25.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15934" CreationDate="2018-03-09T04:36:14.063" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Узами брака&lt;/strong&gt; sounds vaguely better because almost all uses of &lt;strong&gt;брачный&lt;/strong&gt; describe things &lt;em&gt;functionally&lt;/em&gt; related to marriage, such as &lt;strong&gt;брачный контракт&lt;/strong&gt; (pre-nup) or &lt;strong&gt;брачные игры&lt;/strong&gt; (a term for animal courtship), whereas here, it would atypically refer to the &lt;em&gt;essence&lt;/em&gt; of &lt;strong&gt;узы&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In any case, for an expression so ornate, there's a rather narrow range of contexts in which it will not sound out of place; even its ironic use comes off a little lifeless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-03-09T04:36:14.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15905" CreationDate="2018-03-09T07:39:05.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also a proverb&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот тебе, бабушка, и Юрьев день.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It could be used in any situation, when you are disappointed with an unexpected incident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2018-03-09T07:39:05.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15945" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15947" CreationDate="2018-03-09T16:26:27.610" Score="1" ViewCount="80" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо. Для меня это будет &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; значить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо. Для меня это будет &lt;strong&gt;многое&lt;/strong&gt; значить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder how the adverb &amp;quot;много&amp;quot; and the pronoun &amp;quot;многое&amp;quot; differ in meaning and usage in this specific instance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-09T19:18:33.800" Title="To say &quot;It will mean a lot to me&quot;: &quot;много значить&quot; vs &quot;многоe значить&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15945" CreationDate="2018-03-09T17:03:51.637" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The corpus of Russian language has examples of both phrases in present tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для меня это &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; значит. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%EC%ED%EE%E3%EE%20%E7%ED%E0%F7%E8%F2&amp;amp;p=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Examples&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для меня это &lt;strong&gt;многое&lt;/strong&gt; значит. &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%EC%ED%EE%E3%EE%E5%20%E7%ED%E0%F7%E8%F2&amp;amp;p=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Examples&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't perceive any difference in the meaning. The second form is used considerably less often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the future tense I would only use the first form. The second form sounds awkward to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-09T19:18:33.800" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15945" CreationDate="2018-03-09T19:00:48.250" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first version is about importance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Для меня это будет &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; значить. -&gt; It will mean much (a lot) to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one is about variety of (countable) meanings which might follow:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Для меня это будет &lt;strong&gt;многое&lt;/strong&gt; значить. -&gt; It will mean many things to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-03-09T19:00:48.250" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15927" CreationDate="2018-03-10T04:42:13.667" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Можно сказать &lt;code&gt;опыт работы&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;любовные переживания&lt;/code&gt;, но не &lt;code&gt;переживания работы&lt;/code&gt;, а &lt;code&gt;опыт любви&lt;/code&gt; звучит пошло, если не сказать скабрезно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10342" LastActivityDate="2018-03-10T04:42:13.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15936" CreationDate="2018-03-10T06:31:09.390" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As already mentioned, the first two versions are most often interchangeable despite the fact that &lt;strong&gt;до сих пор&lt;/strong&gt; typically points at a longer time passed. Here's an example where &lt;strong&gt;до сих пор&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;can't&lt;/em&gt; replace &lt;strong&gt;всё ещё&lt;/strong&gt; (at least, that would sound unnatural). The reason is &lt;strong&gt;до сих пор&lt;/strong&gt; is about a really substantial period of time while &lt;strong&gt;всё ещё&lt;/strong&gt; can mean anything &lt;em&gt;just longer than immediate&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пытаюсь осознать то, что ты &lt;em&gt;сейчас&lt;/em&gt; рассказал. &lt;strong&gt;Всё ещё не верится&lt;/strong&gt;, что&#xA;  ты такое сделал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-03-10T09:21:44.927" LastActivityDate="2018-03-10T09:21:44.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15952" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15953" CreationDate="2018-03-10T13:48:32.903" Score="2" ViewCount="125" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Значит, &lt;strong&gt;остаётся только одно&lt;/strong&gt;: смотреть, что произойдёт дальше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume the literally translated &quot;only one thing remains&quot; doesn't quite cut it here. Is it more like &quot;there's only one thing left to do&quot; or &quot;one thing is sure&quot;, or possibly &quot;in any case / whatever the case&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do you use this expression in general?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2018-03-10T14:26:36.967" LastActivityDate="2018-03-10T15:15:24.610" Title="How to interpret &quot;Остается только одно: {infinitive}&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15952" CreationDate="2018-03-10T15:15:24.610" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;We use it when we want to express despair - there is only one way of handling a situation. In your particular example the way itself (&lt;code&gt;смотреть, что произойдёт дальше&lt;/code&gt;) essentially means &lt;code&gt;do nothing&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;there is nothing you can do&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8052" LastActivityDate="2018-03-10T15:15:24.610" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15954" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15955" CreationDate="2018-03-11T06:51:59.220" Score="8" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &lt;em&gt;дверями&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;дверьми&lt;/em&gt;? My textbook states that «дверьми» is bookish, however upon searching more into this I found some articles claiming that they are &lt;strong&gt;completely&lt;/strong&gt; interchangeable. So does it matter which one I choose?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-03-11T12:14:05.767" LastActivityDate="2018-03-11T23:11:10.590" Title="дверями vs дверьми" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;окончания&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15954" CreationDate="2018-03-11T07:24:15.653" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Despite they are completely interchangeable, the latter is a bit bookish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ending &lt;code&gt;-ьми&lt;/code&gt; in instrumental case plural is lost, except for these words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;дочери&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;дочерьми&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;дочерями&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;лошади&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;лошадьми&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;лошадями&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;двери&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;дверьми&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;дверями&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;плети&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;плетьми&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;плетями&lt;/code&gt; (thanks @user31264),&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;звери&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;зверями&lt;/code&gt; (preferable) / &lt;code&gt;зверьми&lt;/code&gt; (obsolete),&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;дети&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;детьми&lt;/code&gt; only,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;люди&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;людьми&lt;/code&gt; only (thanks @БаянКупи-ка),&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;кости&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;костями&lt;/code&gt;, except the phrase &lt;code&gt;лечь костьми&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-03-11T23:11:10.590" LastActivityDate="2018-03-11T23:11:10.590" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15954" CreationDate="2018-03-11T12:54:08.590" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stats from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;out=normal&amp;amp;dpp=100&amp;amp;spd=10&amp;amp;seed=2891&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mydocsize=107321&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E4%E2%E5%F0%FC&amp;amp;gramm1=pl%2Cins&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;mycorp=(((sphere%253A%2522%25ED%25E5%25F5%25F3%25E4%25EE%25E6%25E5%25F1%25F2%25E2%25E5%25ED%25ED%25E0%25FF%2522)))&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=160351999&amp;amp;mysentsize=11540232&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian National Corpus&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Literary texts (Художественные тексты):&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;дверями: 52%, дверьми: 48%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Non-literary texts (Нехудожественные тексты):&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;дверями: 74%, дверьми: 26%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Based on the first 100 documents.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This confirms that &lt;strong&gt;дверьми&lt;/strong&gt; is more bookish (48% vs 26%) and that in literary texts the two are interchangeable (52% vs 48%). In other genres (news, speech) &lt;strong&gt;дверями&lt;/strong&gt; prevails (74% vs 26%).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-03-11T12:54:08.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15957" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-11T15:10:24.183" Score="7" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering, if anybody knows, what is this type called and if there are theoretical studies and/or monographies about contexts, in which these forms could  be particulary used (проходим Пушкина (=творчество Пушкина), играет Прокофьева (=пьесу Прокофьева), идем на Тарантино (=фильм Тарантино), билеты на Гришковца (=спектакль Гришковца)...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8762" LastActivityDate="2018-03-11T17:49:19.280" Title="Очередь на Серова (=выставку Серова): A specific type of metonymy?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15957" CreationDate="2018-03-11T15:33:30.737" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right. It's a metonymy. Here's an extract from the dictionary&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;МЕТОНИМИЯ (переименование) (троп)– перенос названия с одного предмета на другой на основании их  смежности. Переименование может быть связано с заменой названия произведения именем автора:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Читал охотно Апулея, а Цицерона не читал (А. Пушкин)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This kind of metonymy is called logical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Перенос имени автора на созданное им творение. Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«перечитывать Пушкина» (книги Пушкина), «любить Шишкина» (картины Шишкина), «пользоваться Далем» (словарем под редакцией Даля).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-11T17:49:19.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15961" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15963" CreationDate="2018-03-11T21:01:56.607" Score="5" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;Simple question at the end of my textbook (finally)...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm supposed to provide the proper form for a possessive pronoun in the blank:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Где ____ машина! Вы видели ____ машину?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нет, я не видел ____ машину.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I supplied, in order,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;моя мою вашу&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it was suggested that the last one may also be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;вашей&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it matter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastActivityDate="2018-03-11T22:28:55.427" Title="clarification on the proper form of a possessive pronoun" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;&lt;possessive-pronoun&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15961" CreationDate="2018-03-11T21:40:30.160" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Вашей&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is definitely wrong, it should be &quot;&lt;em&gt;вашу&lt;/em&gt;&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нет, я не видел &lt;strong&gt;вашу&lt;/strong&gt; машину.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The direct object of the sentence, &quot;&lt;em&gt;машину&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, is in the Accusative case, that is why its attribute should also be in the Accusative (&quot;&lt;em&gt;вашу&lt;/em&gt;&quot;), because the possessive pronoun &quot;&lt;em&gt;ваша&lt;/em&gt;&quot; aggrees in case with the noun it modifies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note, that in Russian, if the predicate verb is negative, the direct object can be in the Genitive case, not in the Accusative as usually. So, if the task were to insert &quot;&lt;em&gt;ваша&lt;/em&gt;&quot; into such a sentence as &quot;&lt;em&gt;Нет, я не видел ____ машин&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in which the direct object is in the Genitive case, then &quot;&lt;em&gt;вашей&lt;/em&gt;&quot; would fit it well, since &quot;&lt;em&gt;вашей&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is the Genitive case of &quot;&lt;em&gt;ваша&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2018-03-11T21:40:30.160" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15961" CreationDate="2018-03-11T21:42:57.653" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ваш&lt;/em&gt; is a possessive pronoun and as such has to agree in case with the noun it defines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that in your example, where &lt;em&gt;машина&lt;/em&gt; is in sg. acc., the pronoun should be in sg. acc. as well, so &lt;em&gt;вашу&lt;/em&gt; is the right answer here indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, negative statements in Russian allow both accusative and genitive for the objects. So both &lt;em&gt;я не видел вашу машину&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;я не видел вашей машины&lt;/em&gt; are valid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should use one case, gender and number for both the object and the pronoun, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-03-11T21:42:57.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15961" CreationDate="2018-03-11T22:28:55.427" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Good comments above! As was already stated, adjectives and pronouns agree with the &lt;strong&gt;noun&lt;/strong&gt; they are describing in number, gender and case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's see what that looks like below in a bit more detail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Где моя машина? &#xA;моя машина - singular feminine noun in the &lt;em&gt;nominative&lt;/em&gt; case. This is the form you will find in the dictionary.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Вы видели мою машину? &#xA;мою машину - singular feminine noun in the &lt;em&gt;accusative&lt;/em&gt; case. This case is used to denote the direct object of the sentence. In this sentence &quot;мою машину&quot; is the direct object of the verb &quot;видели&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Нет, я не видел вашу машину.&#xA;вашу машину - Same story here with singular feminine noun in the accusative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These resources will be of assistence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/M.exe?a=1&amp;amp;a=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.multitran.ru/c/M.exe?a=1&amp;amp;a=1&lt;/a&gt;  - Multitran online dictionary. Gives examples of usage in specific fields&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary/Викисловарь - for verb conjugations and noun declensions&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/знать&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/Заглавная_страница&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good reference for learning cases&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/nouns_accusative.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/nouns_accusative.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Удачи&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10338" LastActivityDate="2018-03-11T22:28:55.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15965" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-11T23:20:01.317" Score="7" ViewCount="1600" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to get the parallel preposition for &quot;of&quot; in Russian language and I'm really confused a little bit. I want it to explain to a Russian how to use &quot;of&quot; in an English sentence, but I can't find something that I know that it is really like &quot;of&quot; in the following contexts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This is the president &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; Russia.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  This is the end &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; the show.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  This is the bank &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; Moscow.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  This car is &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; my mother.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've checked the translation on Google Translate, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://translate.google.com.ua/?um=1&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;client=tw-ob#auto/ru/of&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this is&lt;/a&gt; what I found... &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kd7nE.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kd7nE.png&quot; alt=&quot;Google Translate screenshot&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2018-03-12T08:40:29.030" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T08:40:29.030" Title="Is there a preposition in Russian language like &quot;of&quot; in English?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15965" CreationDate="2018-03-11T23:56:33.270" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, there is no direct equivalent. 'Of' (indicating possession/containment) is usually rendered into Russian using the genitive case or possessive adjectives/pronouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is president of Russia. -- Это президент России. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;This is the end of the show. -- Это конец шоу. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;This is the bank of Moscow. -- Это банк Москвы. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;This car is of my mother. -- Это машина моей матери.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are only a few cases where 'of' can be rendered as &lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сделан &lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt; камня -- 'made &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; stone'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вилем II &lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt; Пернштейна -- 'William II &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; Pernstein'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Needless to say (or maybe not) that constructs such as 'to be proud of', 'to dispose of' are of a totally different kind and are rendered into Russian using other grammatical cases. Grammatical cases are a huge thing in Russian. You won't get far in your studies without them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T00:29:52.910" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15967" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15970" CreationDate="2018-03-12T12:51:47.773" Score="20" ViewCount="1574" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's told that &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt; is always stressed. However, when browsing declension charts of numerals, if I'm not mistaken, I noticed the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Трёхсо́т&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With a stress mark on the syllable -сот.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what does this mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stress on -сот rather than on трёх-&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Both stresses possible&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-03-12T14:15:21.637" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T15:58:06.737" Title="Is there a non stressed ё?" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15967" CreationDate="2018-03-12T13:37:15.233" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short answer: stress is on &lt;em&gt;-сот&lt;/em&gt;; you may put secondary stress on &lt;em&gt;трёх-&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a compound word. In compound words generally the second part is stressed, but first part may have a secondary stress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This rule seems to take over from the always-stress-ё rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T13:37:15.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15967" CreationDate="2018-03-12T14:47:53.393" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are loan names with non-stressed ё as well. For example, the surname of the mathematician Paul Erdős is spelled as &lt;em&gt;Э́рдёш&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding &lt;em&gt;трёхсот&lt;/em&gt;: you may put secondary stress on the first syllable indeed, but I don't hear any difference between this word and the word &lt;em&gt;двухсот&lt;/em&gt;, where the secondary stress doesn't appear, so it is not necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even more, you can construct longer words where secondary stress on ё can hardly apply: for example, &lt;em&gt;трёхсо́тметро́вый&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may want to look at the pronunciation of these words on forvo:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/search/%D1%82%D1%80%D1%91%D1%85%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%8E/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;трёхсотметровую&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/search/%D1%82%D1%80%D1%91%D1%85%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;трёхсот&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10345" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T14:47:53.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15967" CreationDate="2018-03-12T15:29:56.010" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several words with unstressed &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(&lt;code&gt;Трёх-&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;Четырёх-&lt;/code&gt;) (&lt;code&gt;-мéрный&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-этáжный&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-я́русный&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-уго́льный&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-колёсный&lt;/code&gt;/...) - two stresses: &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; and other syllable.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(&lt;code&gt;Трёхсо́т-&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;Четырёхсо́т-&lt;/code&gt;) (&lt;code&gt;-мéрный&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-этáжный&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-я́русный&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-уго́льный&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-колёсный&lt;/code&gt;/...) - two stresses, &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; unstressed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сёгýн&lt;/code&gt; - unstressed &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Щёлочноземéльный&lt;/code&gt; - two stresses.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сёрфинги́ст&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Кёрлинги́ст&lt;/code&gt; - unstressed &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Трёхрублёвка&lt;/code&gt; - two stresses.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there is a geographic name &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%91%D1%80%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%85&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Бёрёлёх&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. I don't know what syllable is stressed, but it's guaranteed that two of three are unstressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the word &lt;code&gt;трёхсо́т&lt;/code&gt;, the stressed syllable is definitely &lt;code&gt;о́&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-03-12T15:58:06.737" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T15:58:06.737" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15972" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-03-12T16:20:03.310" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To mark a stressed syllable in a word, use the following &lt;em&gt;stressed&lt;/em&gt; Russian glyphs:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Á á Ó ó É é У́ ý И́ и́ Ы́ ы́ Э́ э́ Ю́ ю́ Я́ я́&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-03-12T17:02:51.720" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T17:02:51.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15973" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-03-12T16:20:03.310" Score="0" Body="Questions about stress and stressed syllables in words and phrases. List of stressed Russian glyphs:  Á á Ó ó É é У́ ý И́ и́ Ы́ ы́ Э́ э́ Ю́ ю́ Я́ я́." OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-03-12T17:13:25.600" LastActivityDate="2018-03-12T17:13:25.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15974" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15975" CreationDate="2018-03-13T00:32:24.367" Score="1" ViewCount="7157" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно пишется слово 'б&lt;strong&gt;Ь&lt;/strong&gt;ем' или 'б&lt;strong&gt;Ъ&lt;/strong&gt;ем' - с мягким знаком или c твердым знаком?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я нашел некоторые ненадежные подтверждения в силу использования &lt;a href=&quot;https://znanija.com/task/11892617&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;'Ь'&lt;/a&gt;, &#xA;но словарь T9 на телефоне постоянно норовит исправить слово на 'б&lt;strong&gt;Ъ&lt;/strong&gt;ем'.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как правильно пишется слово 'б&lt;strong&gt;Ь&lt;/strong&gt;ем' или 'б&lt;strong&gt;Ъ&lt;/strong&gt;ем'? И дайте, пожалуйста, подтверждения более твердые, нежели просто слова (ссылка на источник). В английском это мог быть Oxford dictionary, в русском может Даль, но не уверен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10348" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-03-13T10:14:45.530" LastActivityDate="2018-03-13T10:14:45.530" Title="Твердый знак или мягкий знак в слове &quot;бьём&quot; / &quot;бъём&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15974" CreationDate="2018-03-13T01:02:54.597" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мягкий знак однозначно: &lt;em&gt;бьём&lt;/em&gt;. Твердый пишется в основном после приставок (&lt;em&gt;объём&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;all=x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-03-13T01:02:54.597" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15976" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15977" CreationDate="2018-03-13T17:50:30.160" Score="6" ViewCount="192" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты &lt;strong&gt;чем-то&lt;/strong&gt; похож на него.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs: Ты &lt;strong&gt;что-то&lt;/strong&gt; похож на него.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that if the adjective &amp;quot;похожий&amp;quot; were not in the shortened form, it would take the instrumental case here. But I wonder if the adverb &amp;quot;что-то&amp;quot; with the meaning of &amp;quot;somewhat/slightly&amp;quot; is also affected and needs to be in the instrumental?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-15T15:45:31.393" Title="Why use the instrumental &quot;чем-то&quot; instead of &quot;что-то&quot; in: &quot;Ты чем-то похож на него&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15976" CreationDate="2018-03-13T18:10:54.310" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чем-то&lt;/strong&gt; does not mean &quot;somewhat&quot; or &quot;slightly&quot;. It means &quot;somehow&quot;, &quot;in some vague or elusive way&quot;, which is not quite the same. It's quite independent of the predicate, whether adjectival or verbal. You'd also say &lt;strong&gt;он чем-то меня раздражает&lt;/strong&gt; ~&quot;something about him irritates me&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, &lt;strong&gt;что-то&lt;/strong&gt; wouldn't mean &quot;slightly&quot; either here. It's more of an expression of puzzlement or concern: &quot;you look like him, you know&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-03-13T18:10:54.310" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15976" CreationDate="2018-03-13T19:08:52.190" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first sentence is completely regular with no funny business. Чем ты похож на него? — Чем-то.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second sentence “что-то” isn’t really part of the sentence but rather it denotes the speaker’s feeling about it, thus it isn’t declined. When someone’s says a very natural “Что-то мне нездоровится” you can think of it as “Что-то &lt;em&gt;даёт мне понять, что&lt;/em&gt; мне нездоровится”. Grammatically, it’s like “I think” in “I think I’m ill”, except as usual, Russian lets you place that “что-то” in just about any place in the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-03-13T19:08:52.190" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15976" CreationDate="2018-03-13T20:29:00.797" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;To better tease out the semantic role of &lt;strong&gt;чем-то&lt;/strong&gt;, adjective &lt;strong&gt;похож&lt;/strong&gt; may be substituted with the verb &lt;strong&gt;походить&lt;/strong&gt; which is easier to associate with a noun (or in this case a pronoun) in Instrumental and which gives us&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты чем-то &lt;strong&gt;походишь&lt;/strong&gt; на него&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;translatable as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You resemble him with something (some of your features)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-03-13T21:44:14.937" LastActivityDate="2018-03-13T21:44:14.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15980" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15981" CreationDate="2018-03-14T08:11:12.877" Score="10" ViewCount="369" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does this mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;короче кагбе пыщъ&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I asked a remote developer about delivery of my app project. Never heard anything more from him. Hope it is not a deadly decease.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-03-14T18:14:09.147" LastActivityDate="2018-03-21T07:42:30.150" Title="Meaning of &quot;кагбе пыщъ&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15980" CreationDate="2018-03-14T08:25:34.587" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's in &lt;a href=&quot;https://upyachka.io/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Upyachka&lt;/a&gt; slang. Literally translated that would roughly evaluate into something like &lt;em&gt;well, sorta kaboom.&lt;/em&gt; Provided your context I guess that would mean he had sent you something, or something bad happened, or he just decided to disappear forever. Anyways, I would consider unprofessional sending something like that with any intent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;короче&quot; – a common parasite word in Russian, equivalent to &lt;em&gt;&quot;well, ...&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;кагбе&quot; – meaning &lt;em&gt;&quot;sort of&quot;&lt;/em&gt; distorted &quot;как бы&quot;, from Upyachka slang.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;пыщь&quot; – something like explosion &lt;em&gt;&quot;kaboom, bang&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, again from Upyachka slang.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Upyachka&lt;/em&gt; was a popular website and netlore associated with it in 2000s. The content posted on that website consisted mostly of meaningless meme pictures and GIFs, deliberately misspelled and nonsensical Russian words etc. The most known phrase in Upyachkan, illustrating its characteristic extensive usage of uppercase and exclamation marks was:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ЖЫВТОНЕ ЧОЧО УПЯЧКА!!! УПЯЧКА УПЯЧКА! ШЯЧЛО ПОПЯЧТСА ПОПЯЧТСА! Я идиот! Убейте меня, кто-нибудь!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="4600" LastEditDate="2018-03-21T07:42:30.150" LastActivityDate="2018-03-21T07:42:30.150" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15982" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15985" CreationDate="2018-03-14T17:22:42.393" Score="10" ViewCount="1552" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understood the first time I heard about the locative that it was usually reserved for monosyllabic masculine nouns (ex. &lt;em&gt;чай&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;дом&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сок&lt;/em&gt;) with exceptions (&lt;em&gt;кровь&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;дверь&lt;/em&gt;). However, I recently saw that &lt;em&gt;на  дому&lt;/em&gt; is the correct usage for describing activities inside of a house, whereas &lt;em&gt;на доме&lt;/em&gt; for activities on the roof. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But just today, I notice that the locative case isn't used once it is modified by an adjective? For example, I can find no record of the sentence &lt;em&gt;на моём дому&lt;/em&gt; online, but instead, I see &lt;em&gt;на моём доме&lt;/em&gt;. Are there any concrete rules to tell me when to use the locative, as what I am learning seems arbitrary.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6991" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-03-14T18:55:02.233" LastActivityDate="2020-07-13T09:04:06.797" Title="What are the rules of the locative case?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15982" CreationDate="2018-03-14T18:13:51.987" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no rules for locative cases but rather sporadic usages that are evidence of having locative (to some extent) earlier. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usages of phrases like &lt;code&gt;на дому&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;на снегу&lt;/code&gt; etc. should be memorized and that's it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-03-14T18:13:51.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15982" CreationDate="2018-03-14T18:28:21.547" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Locative is pretty much arbitrary indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To further complicate things, some of the words which technically have locative only use it in set phrases or in certain senses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дом&lt;/em&gt; is one of such words. While &lt;em&gt;в дому&lt;/em&gt; still can be understood, it has long since fallen out of use in live Russian speech, and &lt;em&gt;на дому&lt;/em&gt; is a set phrase meaning &quot;at home&quot; in the context of work: &lt;em&gt;работа на дому&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;outwork&quot; and &lt;em&gt;надомник&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;outworker&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't really say &lt;em&gt;на моём дому&lt;/em&gt; nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other words like this are &lt;em&gt;мир&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;в миру&lt;/em&gt; can only be used in the sense of &quot;secular world&quot;), &lt;em&gt;щит&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;в щиту&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;in the electric panel&quot;) and several others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-03-14T18:28:21.547" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15985" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15982" CreationDate="2018-03-14T18:42:11.470" Score="11" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But just today, I notice that the locative case isn't used once it is&#xA;  modified by an adjective?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not quite, it's totally correct to say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На белом/рыхлом&lt;sup&gt;adj.&lt;/sup&gt; снег&lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  На крутом&lt;sup&gt;adj.&lt;/sup&gt; вал&lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В горячем&lt;sup&gt;adj.&lt;/sup&gt; бо&lt;strong&gt;Ю&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В дремучем&lt;sup&gt;adj.&lt;/sup&gt; лес&lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  На нашем&lt;sup&gt;poss. pron.&lt;/sup&gt; век&lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В новом&lt;sup&gt;adj.&lt;/sup&gt; порт&lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В дальнем&lt;sup&gt;adj.&lt;/sup&gt; кра&lt;strong&gt;Ю&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В цветущем&lt;sup&gt;adj.&lt;/sup&gt; сад&lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В липком&lt;sup&gt;adj.&lt;/sup&gt; пот&lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  На своём&lt;sup&gt;poss. pron.&lt;/sup&gt; х..&lt;strong&gt;Ю&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В ночном&lt;sup&gt;adj.&lt;/sup&gt; бред&lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd argue that &lt;strong&gt;дом&lt;/strong&gt; is unique, because its Locative has only survived for  limited use in а particular sense of &lt;code&gt;working from home&lt;/code&gt;. In fact despite being written separately &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;strong&gt;дому&lt;/strong&gt;, semantically it functions as an adverb (which are to be written jointly with prepositions), because it can answer not only the question &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;where?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; but also &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;how?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, and this i believe is the reason for its reversal to Prepositional case once this fossilized semantic unity is broken up by insertion of intermediate words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-03-15T11:17:22.650" LastActivityDate="2018-03-15T11:17:22.650" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15982" CreationDate="2018-03-14T20:31:07.630" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, don't believe the other answers telling you that the locative is arbitrary and that there are no rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Locative is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; arbitrary: for some words its use is &lt;em&gt;required&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;в глазу, в боку, в саду;&lt;/strong&gt; others (the majority) do not have a distinct locative form: &lt;strong&gt;в столе, в городе.&lt;/strong&gt; It would be wrong to use them with the ending -у: &lt;strong&gt;в столу, в городу;&lt;/strong&gt; and it would be wrong to say &lt;strong&gt;в глазе, в боке, в саде.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any concrete rules to tell me when to use the locative?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Short answer: Yes, there are a few trends. Read the long answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the course of the last few hundred years Locative (and Partitive) were gradually phased out of the language. Some words have lost their locatives completely. E.g. my granddad (born 1929) would say &amp;quot;в отпуску&amp;quot;. Nowadays  this sounds peculiar, &amp;quot;в отпуске&amp;quot; is pretty much the only way of saying it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some words are &amp;quot;hesitating&amp;quot; (to various degrees): мозг, счёт (на вашем счёте/счету осталось...), аэропорт, цех, мост (дырка в мосте / в мосту):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some have split meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В углу комнаты лежит мяч.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;В прямом угле 90 градусов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На краю земли.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;В Краснодарском крае.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В миру&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;В мире&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Others have only kept locatives in set phrases: на нашем веку (vs в двадцатом веке), на виду (vs в нетрезвом виде), на дому (vs на доме), час (в пятом часу vs в одном часе 60 секунд).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are not finding any examples of &amp;quot;на моём дому&amp;quot; because &amp;quot;на дому&amp;quot; is a set phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most high-frequency words continue to hold on to their locatives quite firmly: час, глаз, бок, лес, снег, берег...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a few towns / villages called &amp;quot;Сосновый бор&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Старый мост&amp;quot;. I'd really like to hear how those people describe where they live!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-15T19:16:38.363" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15989" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15991" CreationDate="2018-03-15T17:59:03.317" Score="5" ViewCount="227" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть ли аналоги слова &quot;Takeaway&quot; в русском языке? Контекст такой:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I've read a book. Here are my takeaways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос не в переводе фразы в целом, а в том, есть ли аналогичные слова или короткие фразы в русском.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кроме &quot;основные мысли&quot; мне ничего не приходит на ум, но даже это отражает значение не точно. Ведь это не основные мысли, а то, что было важно в книге именно для меня -- то, что я из неё &lt;strong&gt;вынес&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6371" LastActivityDate="2018-03-16T13:10:07.300" Title="Перевод слова &quot;takeaway&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15989" CreationDate="2018-03-15T19:25:05.223" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Изначально значение «на вынос», «с собой». Самое краткое будет «вот, что я узнал, вынес, &lt;strong&gt;почерпнул&lt;/strong&gt;». &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-03-16T13:10:07.300" LastActivityDate="2018-03-16T13:10:07.300" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15989" CreationDate="2018-03-15T19:48:19.840" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таковы её уроки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот такие уроки я извлёк&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот какие уроки я (для себя) извлёк/вынес&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;но это всё равно громоздко по сравнению с английским&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-15T19:48:19.840" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15992" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15989" CreationDate="2018-03-15T19:56:00.630" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Выводы? &quot;Вот какие выводы я для себя сделал.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-03-15T19:56:00.630" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15989" CreationDate="2018-03-15T20:22:25.907" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Основные идеи, пункты, выжимка, конспект&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То, что конспект сделан вами, ясно из контекста; особо подчеркивать это необязательно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я прочитал книгу. Вот основные идеи:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;2.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-15T20:22:25.907" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15994" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="15997" CreationDate="2018-03-16T13:30:55.823" Score="6" ViewCount="274" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't just swallow anything they throw at you! &lt;strong&gt;Мало ли&lt;/strong&gt; какие слухи про нее&#xA;ходят...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume the sentence means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You never know&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;Who knows&lt;/strong&gt; what kind of (unreliable) gossip may be circling around about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm having a hard time wrapping my head around why the adverb &amp;quot;мало / little&amp;quot; coupled with the interrogative particle &amp;quot;ли&amp;quot; gets to have this meaning. Can I interpret it as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What kind of gossip may be circling around –  &lt;strong&gt;Do we know even (a) little about it?!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What kind of gossip may be circling around –  &lt;strong&gt;Just how little do we know about it?!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What kind of gossip may be circling around –  &lt;strong&gt;We know so little about it, don't we?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... asking in a rhetorical fashion? I wonder if some verb like &amp;quot;знать&amp;quot; is omitted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-17T15:59:00.233" Title="How does the expression &quot;мало ли&quot; mean what it does?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15995" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-16T14:06:10.290" Score="7" ViewCount="960" Body="&lt;p&gt;E.g. &lt;code&gt;What a beautiful day!&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;What a jerk!&lt;/code&gt;. The phrase doesn't have in general any positive or negative connotation, but is just a general exclamation about the perceived (large) magnitude of something, good or bad. (&lt;code&gt;What a generous offer!&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;What a terrible surprise!&lt;/code&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course one could also use any of the above sarcastically, inverting the meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, my guess is that one might say something like &lt;code&gt;(Вот) так красивый день!&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;(Вот) такой красивый день!&lt;/code&gt; in Russian to mean something similar, but really I have no idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2018-03-17T06:10:26.670" Title="Russian equivalents of English idiom &quot;what a ...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15995" CreationDate="2018-03-16T14:30:02.193" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general we say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Какой&lt;/strong&gt; прекрасный день, какой чудесный пень, какой чудесный я и песенка моя!(a famous song from the cartoon )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there are variations: speaking negatively about a person we can use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Какой подлец! And &lt;strong&gt;Каков&lt;/strong&gt; подлец! &lt;strong&gt;Ну и&lt;/strong&gt; подлец!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides we use «Что за» plus noun, or noun phrase &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну &lt;strong&gt;что за&lt;/strong&gt; шейка, что за глазки! Какие перышки, какой носок!(from the fable by Krylov.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-03-17T06:10:26.670" LastActivityDate="2018-03-17T06:10:26.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15994" CreationDate="2018-03-16T14:49:31.453" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мало ли comes from a rhetorical question which assumes answer No (-&quot;Мало ли?&quot; -&quot;Много.&quot;). It signifies distrust based on a lot of contradicting information (possibly existing only in speakers imagination).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It this case it means the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Out of a lot of gossip which may be circling around, you can't trust any.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10365" LastActivityDate="2018-03-16T14:49:31.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15994" CreationDate="2018-03-16T14:54:36.430" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мало ли&lt;/strong&gt; has got at least three meanings &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 &lt;strong&gt;It doesn't matter&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;no matter&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что же она ничего не сказала? Ведь должна была сказать!– &lt;strong&gt;Мало ли&lt;/strong&gt; что должна.(Why didn't she say anything? She should have said!– It doesn't matter what she should do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.&lt;strong&gt;To be on the safe side, just in case, everything can happen&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Возьми ружье, в лес идешь, &lt;strong&gt;мало ли&lt;/strong&gt; что. (Take a rifle,  you are going to the forest, everything can happen)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.&lt;strong&gt;A lot,different things&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мало ли&lt;/strong&gt; о чем говорят. Всему верить нельзя.(People  talk a lot, but you shouldn't believe it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-03-17T04:41:27.990" LastActivityDate="2018-03-17T04:41:27.990" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="15999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15994" CreationDate="2018-03-16T15:28:07.157" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Based on &lt;strong&gt;V.V.&lt;/strong&gt;'s examples I believe in all cases &lt;strong&gt;мало ли&lt;/strong&gt; anywhere in a sentence bar at the end can be translated as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;there is/could be a lot/different ... so what?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мало ли какие слухи про нее ходят... - &lt;strong&gt;There is/could be a lot&lt;/strong&gt; of gossip/&lt;strong&gt;different&lt;/strong&gt; rumors circulating about her, &lt;strong&gt;so what&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Ведь она должна была сказать! - But she had to say!&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;– Мало ли что должна. -  &lt;strong&gt;There is/could be&lt;/strong&gt; a lot she has to do, &lt;strong&gt;so what&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translation of &lt;strong&gt;мало ли (что)?&lt;/strong&gt; placed at the end of a sentence is more straightforward, because it doesn't imply opposite meaning being just a shorthand of a complete question &lt;code&gt;мало ли что может случиться?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возьми ружье, мало ли (что)? - Take a rifle, lots of things can happen&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-16T18:24:23.483" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15995" CreationDate="2018-03-16T16:01:21.820" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pronoun &lt;strong&gt;какой (же)&lt;/strong&gt;, with &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt; making a phrase more emphatic, would fit universally&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Какой&lt;/strong&gt; прекрасный день!  - &lt;strong&gt;What a&lt;/strong&gt; beautiful day&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Какой&lt;/strong&gt; негодяй! - &lt;strong&gt;What a&lt;/strong&gt; scoundrel&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in negative contexts &lt;strong&gt;какой&lt;/strong&gt; sounds pretty sterile and mincing (unless said with a contemptuous intonation which doesn't translate through writing) and is usually given up in favor of &lt;strong&gt;вот (это/же)&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;ну и&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ну и&lt;/strong&gt; тяжёлый (же) денёк сегодня выдался - &lt;strong&gt;What a&lt;/strong&gt; difficult day i had&#xA;  today&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Вот (же)&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;Ну и&lt;/strong&gt; мразь! - &lt;strong&gt;What a&lt;/strong&gt; jerk!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-03-16T16:01:21.820" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16002" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16003" CreationDate="2018-03-16T16:30:39.887" Score="3" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я называю символ существенным в слове, если его удаление приведет к новому слову. Например, если удалить из слова &quot;из&quot; букву &quot;з&quot;, я получу другое слово &quot;и&quot;, т.е. буква &quot;з&quot; существенна в слове &quot;из&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я называю букву существенной, если существует слово (русского языка), в котором она существенна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Существенен ли мягкий знак (ь)? Если да, приведите пожалуйста пример, где его удаление приведен к образованию нового слова. Аналогично для твердого знака.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10367" LastEditorUserId="10367" LastEditDate="2018-03-17T16:13:23.037" LastActivityDate="2018-03-17T17:34:19.117" Title="Существенны ли мягкий и твердый знаки на письме?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16002" CreationDate="2018-03-16T16:39:35.770" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Да, оба знака существенны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мягкий:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вонь - Вон&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Семья - Семя&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Твердый:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Съесть - Сесть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-03-16T16:42:56.367" LastActivityDate="2018-03-16T16:42:56.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15994" CreationDate="2018-03-17T12:38:39.463" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think I found an English expression that's very close in meaning: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;there's no telling&lt;/strong&gt; what kind of gossip may be circling about it&quot;. Then again, it doesn't quite have the dismissive undertone which is an option with &lt;strong&gt;мало ли&lt;/strong&gt;: it may be there but doesn't have to, depending on context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No verb is omitted from &lt;strong&gt;мало ли&lt;/strong&gt;, it qualifies &lt;strong&gt;какие&lt;/strong&gt;. (And it can do that with any other interrogative pronoun.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-03-17T12:38:39.463" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15994" CreationDate="2018-03-17T15:59:00.233" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) Often we say, &lt;code&gt;'Мало ли что люди говорят'&lt;/code&gt; (Or &lt;code&gt;'Мало ли, что разные люди говорят о разных людях'&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Sometimes we say, &lt;code&gt;'Мало ли, что о ней (о нём) говорят'&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;....&#xA;But when we say or hear the second variant, our brains perceive it as the first (&lt;code&gt;Мало ли, что разные люди говорят о разных людях. Вот и о ней тоже говорят&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;FiatLux's answer is an illustration of this.&#xA; FiatLuxc actually explained the first option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9795" LastActivityDate="2018-03-17T15:59:00.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16002" CreationDate="2018-03-17T17:25:34.867" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Палатализация согласных - неотъемлемая часть русской фонетики. То, о чём вы спрашиваете, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;называется&lt;/a&gt; &lt;code&gt;минимальными парами&lt;/code&gt; и в случае мягких и твёрдых согласных таких пар в русском языке очень много. Вот &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;цитата&lt;/a&gt; из википедии:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Существует большое число минимальных пар, различающихся по&#xA;  мягкости/твёрдости согласных, в частности, в русском языке: [н]ос&#xA;  слушать «нос» — [н’]ос «нёс»; бы[т] «быт» — бы[т’] «быть»; пы[л] «пыл»&#xA;  — пы[л’] «пыль».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кроме того, я не могу отметить, что отсутствие минимальной пары не означало бы само по себе &quot;несущественность&quot; - даже если нет &quot;мягкого&quot; или &quot;твёрдого&quot; аналога - это не значит, что можно будет произнести (или написать) иначе - и вас поймут. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-03-17T17:34:19.117" LastActivityDate="2018-03-17T17:34:19.117" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16008" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16009" CreationDate="2018-03-17T18:45:47.763" Score="2" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;A homework question, exactly quoted,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В этот период у нас было много неожиданных трудностей.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but in reviewing my previous question, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/13964/when-to-use-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE-and-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82-regardless-of-person-gender-or-number&quot;&gt;When to use &amp;#39;не было&amp;#39; and &amp;#39;не будет&amp;#39; regardless of person, gender, or number&lt;/a&gt; I am reassured that, without negation, the verb &lt;code&gt;быть&lt;/code&gt; needs to agree in gender and number with the noun. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last word, the noun, is feminine, but plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I believe that without &lt;code&gt;много&lt;/code&gt;, the trailing adjective and noun would be nominative plural. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I often think of verbs, prepositions, etc. affecting other words 'downstream', and yet it seems &lt;code&gt;много&lt;/code&gt; affects the verb &lt;code&gt;быть&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a fair assessment?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;So should the sentence actually use &lt;code&gt;были&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2018-03-18T10:41:45.430" LastActivityDate="2018-03-18T10:41:45.430" Title="“Быть” with tenses, gender, number but in affirmative sentences" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;tense&gt;&lt;syntax&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16008" CreationDate="2018-03-17T19:05:24.680" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Indeed &lt;strong&gt;были&lt;/strong&gt; can be used &lt;em&gt;without&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt;, which ultimately changes the meaning of the sentence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В этот период у нас были неожиданные трудности. &lt;em&gt;(no info on their volume)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No. In the original sentence the subject is not &lt;strong&gt;неожиданные трудности&lt;/strong&gt; but &lt;strong&gt;много &lt;em&gt;(неожиданных трудностей)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, and naturally the predicate &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt; conforms to the properties of the subject. It's only natural for a subject to affect a predicate.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Subject can be either noun, pronoun, numeral or null. Here we have it as a numerical pronoun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-03-17T19:10:37.027" LastActivityDate="2018-03-17T19:10:37.027" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16008" CreationDate="2018-03-17T19:44:33.317" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In case there is an adverb describing quality (много, несколько, немного etc.) or a numerical, the verb быть must be in neutral singular, i. e. &lt;code&gt;в автобусе было двадцать человек&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;у нас было несколько домов&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в зоопарке было много животных&lt;/code&gt;.  Same with сколько:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Сколько котов было у вас?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;У меня было пять котов.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2018-03-17T20:04:52.420" LastActivityDate="2018-03-17T20:04:52.420" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16011" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16012" CreationDate="2018-03-17T20:09:02.123" Score="4" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня (такое) &lt;strong&gt;чувство&lt;/strong&gt;, что/будто я ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня  (такое) &lt;strong&gt;ощущение&lt;/strong&gt;, что/будто я ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня  (такое) &lt;strong&gt;впечатление&lt;/strong&gt;, что/будто я ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot figure out on my own how these three synonyms differ in usage and meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, I wonder if you can drop the word &amp;quot;такое&amp;quot; without altering the meaning of the sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, how does the choice between &amp;quot;что&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;будто&amp;quot; affect the meaning of the subordinate clause? Do you use &amp;quot;будто&amp;quot; to describe a more unlikely situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-18T16:18:03.967" Title="Difference in usage: &quot;чувство&quot; vs &quot;ощущение&quot; vs &quot;впечатление&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16011" CreationDate="2018-03-17T21:37:41.130" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Чувство&lt;/code&gt; stands a &lt;strong&gt;feeling&lt;/strong&gt; (so, something like &quot;I have a feeling as if I...&quot;, &lt;code&gt;впечатление&lt;/code&gt; is an impression ( ~&quot;I have an impression that&quot;). In fact, впечатление is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;calque&lt;/a&gt; from French &lt;code&gt;impression&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion it's only &lt;code&gt;ощущение&lt;/code&gt; what is somewhat tricky to explain in this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's indeed most usually translated as a &lt;code&gt;feeling&lt;/code&gt;, as well as it's indeed synonymous to &lt;code&gt;чувство&lt;/code&gt; in many, if not if, cases. Had I have to translate it to English I most likely use something like - &quot;I have a sense that&quot;. &#xA;In fact, &lt;code&gt;чувство&lt;/code&gt; corresponds to &lt;code&gt;ощущение&lt;/code&gt; pretty much like &quot;to feel&quot; and &quot;to sense&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/105628/a-sense-of-vs-a-feeling-of&quot;&gt;in English&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;To feel&quot; is more about emotions, to sense is more about biological aspect though, of course is used figuratively as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can say &quot;Мои чувства к тебе более чем серьёзны&quot; but never &quot;мои ощущения к тебе серьёзны&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plus, again, exactly like in English there are some phrases where you should just memorize which of these verbs should be used. Most obvious example would be: while &lt;code&gt;ощущать боль&lt;/code&gt; is grammatically valid, we say &lt;code&gt;чувствовать боль&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-03-17T21:46:17.113" LastActivityDate="2018-03-17T21:46:17.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16011" CreationDate="2018-03-17T21:46:14.740" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чувство&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;ощущение&lt;/strong&gt; as their meaning suggests refer to affective sphere, &lt;strong&gt;впечатление&lt;/strong&gt; - to intellectual sphere, nevertheless in this construct these three are largely synonymous and interchangeable. Except that in my opinion &lt;strong&gt;впечатление&lt;/strong&gt; has a greater tendency towards objectivity as an expression of conclusion as opposed to a gut or an irrational feeling, and a greater tendency of being followed with &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; in the subordinate sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;такое&lt;/strong&gt; can more readily be omitted from phrases with &lt;strong&gt;ощущение&lt;/strong&gt; than from those with the other two words, as their absence makes the phrase lacking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However when a sentence begins with &lt;strong&gt;такое&lt;/strong&gt; and lacks &lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Такое &lt;strong&gt;чувство/ощущение/впечатление&lt;/strong&gt;, что/будто я&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it cannot be omitted but in case of &lt;strong&gt;чувство/ощущение&lt;/strong&gt; can be substituted with &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do you use &quot;будто&quot; to describe a more unlikely situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, or less realistic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &lt;strong&gt;будто&lt;/strong&gt; is much more than &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; prone to be used with the past tense, at least такое у меня впечатление&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-03-18T16:18:03.967" LastActivityDate="2018-03-18T16:18:03.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16014" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16015" CreationDate="2018-03-18T00:13:45.087" Score="3" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я с радостью помогу. Только работать постоянно &lt;strong&gt;никак не получится&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to grasp the undertone of this phrase. Does it mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try as I might, working full-time just won't work out for me in any way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{or}: Regrettably, I won't be able to work full-time. I just can't make it happen, despite my best intentions to the contrary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{or}: I wish I could work full-time, but circumstances don't allow me to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean, rather than showing a strong refusal on the part of the speaker:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd be glad to help, but there's no way I'm going to work full-time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On another note: Can I use &amp;quot;получиться&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;удаться&amp;quot; interchangeably here, or are the two somehow nuanced in this specific sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я с радостью помогу. Только работать постоянно &lt;strong&gt;никак не удастся&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-18T13:43:25.343" Title="The undertone of the phrase &quot;никак не получится&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16014" CreationDate="2018-03-18T03:30:55.477" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я с радостью помогу. Только работать постоянно никак не удастся /не получится.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My feeling is the following. Both verbs are interchangeable in this situation. It means he will help /he is eager to help, but due to some circumstances he can't work full time. And it doesn't depend on him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-03-18T03:30:55.477" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16016" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16017" CreationDate="2018-03-18T07:58:02.920" Score="5" ViewCount="410" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &lt;strong&gt;трогать&lt;/strong&gt; (to touch) and &lt;strong&gt;касаться&lt;/strong&gt;? Are they just synonyms or I should use each word in  a specific case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-03-18T08:09:43.783" LastActivityDate="2020-05-06T17:14:47.337" Title="What is the difference between &quot;трогать&quot; and &quot;касаться&quot;?" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16017" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16016" CreationDate="2018-03-18T08:16:49.213" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Трогать&lt;/code&gt; usually is more intense. You can think of &lt;code&gt;касаться&lt;/code&gt; of a single, atomic action, it's to touch once and/or to touch subtly, while &lt;code&gt;трогать&lt;/code&gt; is to touch thoroughly and/or to touch many times. That's why &lt;code&gt;касаться&lt;/code&gt; has second, figurative meaning &quot;to mention something, to cover some issue but not necessarily in detail&quot;, like in phrase: &quot;Что до вопросов экономических, их президент только коснулся&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also if the action has a connotation of unintentional action, &lt;code&gt;коснуться&lt;/code&gt; is most likely to be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there are cases when these verbs are not synonymous at all and can not be interchanged by any means. &lt;code&gt;Меня это не трогает&lt;/code&gt;is - it doesn't bother me&quot;, &lt;code&gt;меня это не касается&lt;/code&gt; - it's none of my concern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-03-18T08:26:01.670" LastActivityDate="2018-03-18T08:26:01.670" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16016" CreationDate="2018-03-18T13:34:39.603" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;One simple way to think about it is &quot;трогать&quot; is &quot;to touch&quot; or &quot;to be touching&quot;, which implies a more deliberate action, while &quot;касаться&quot; is more like &quot;to be in contact with&quot;, which can be unintentional, or passive in the case of inanimate objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say &quot;стол касается стены,&quot; &quot;the table is in contact with the wall&quot;, but you can't say &quot;стол трогает стену,&quot; that almost sounds like &quot;the table is grabbing/groping the wall&quot; or something that is active and requires hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-03-18T13:34:39.603" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16014" CreationDate="2018-03-18T13:43:25.343" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;I'll gladly help. But working full time just isn't possible for me.&quot; It's like the second or third option. It's saying it can't happen, without going into specifics, a polite refusal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-03-18T13:43:25.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16021" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16022" CreationDate="2018-03-18T18:01:08.903" Score="3" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder how these two synonyms are nuanced in each of the following four instances? I suppose some of them sound odd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Case 1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;получать &lt;strong&gt;плату&lt;/strong&gt; за работу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;получать &lt;strong&gt;оплату&lt;/strong&gt; за работу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Case 2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;получать &lt;strong&gt;плату&lt;/strong&gt; работы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;получать &lt;strong&gt;оплату&lt;/strong&gt; работы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Case 3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Держите X(что-то) в &lt;strong&gt;оплату&lt;/strong&gt; работы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Держите X(что-то) в &lt;strong&gt;плату&lt;/strong&gt; работы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Case 4:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Держите X(что-то) в &lt;strong&gt;оплату&lt;/strong&gt; за работу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Держите X(что-то) в &lt;strong&gt;плату&lt;/strong&gt; за работу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T15:11:54.130" Title="When to use &quot;оплата&quot; and when to use &quot;плата&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16021" CreationDate="2018-03-18T18:10:30.693" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Оплата&lt;/code&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;stands for&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/payment&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;payment&lt;/a&gt;, the act of paying, like in &lt;code&gt;оплата проезда&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;оплата услуг&lt;/code&gt;, so it's governed by question &quot;Оплата чего?&quot;, noun + noun in Genitive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Плата&lt;/code&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;corresponds&lt;/a&gt; to the English noun &quot;pay&quot;, the noun which is usually &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pay#Noun&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;explained in dictionaries&lt;/a&gt; as &quot;money given in return for work; salary or wages.&quot; It's governed by the question &quot;плата за что?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In colloquial speech those terms quite often are confused and mixed up just like English &quot;payment&quot; and &quot;pay&quot; do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is general information. Now, being back to the cases you've mentioned:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;плата за работу&quot; is correct.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;получать плату за работу&quot; is correct.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;получать в качестве платы за работу&quot; or &quot;получать в качестве оплаты работы&quot; are correct.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;вот плата за работу&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I should mention though that all this cases sounds bit off for Russian speaker. One might say just &lt;code&gt;вот деньги за работу&lt;/code&gt;, &quot;получить расчёт за работу&quot;, &quot;в счёт оплаты работы&quot; etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD: I assume you are from Japan, so here are wiktionary articles on &lt;a href=&quot;https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/pay&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;pay&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/payment&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;payment&lt;/a&gt; in Japanese. Hope this is useful. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-03-18T18:24:33.053" LastActivityDate="2018-03-18T18:24:33.053" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16023" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16028" CreationDate="2018-03-18T23:12:16.007" Score="4" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;наплевать&lt;/strong&gt; на тех, кто сейчас занимает мое место. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This expression seems to bear all the hallmarks of an impersonal construction, so I wonder why the 3rd-person singular &quot;наплюёт&quot; is not used here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On another note: Are there other expressions that take an infinitive verb in a similar fashion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-03-19T09:30:55.877" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T15:37:26.227" Title="&quot;Мне наплевать на ...&quot;. Why is it acceptable to use an infinitive verb?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;impersonal&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16026" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16027" CreationDate="2018-03-19T10:04:01.337" Score="1" ViewCount="226" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's going around that Putin said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'Those who serve us with poison will eventually swallow it and poison themselves'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;see: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://darudemag.com/2018/03/putin-those-who-serve-us-with-poison-will-eventually-swallow-it-and-poison-themselves/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Darude&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Putin: “Those who serve us with poison will eventually swallow it and poison themselves.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://attentiontotheunseen.com/2018/03/08/putin-those-who-serve-us-with-poison-will-eventually-swallow-it-and-poison-themselves/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Attention To The Unseen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Putin: ‘Those who serve us with poison will eventually swallow it and poison themselves’&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After Viktor Sukhodrev's mishaps with Russian translation I'm skeptical to accept it at its face-value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this an accurate translation? What is that phrase that he used? What does it mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is this just another «Мы вас похороним!»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;edit: This seems to be the interview here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/w7swxH6RjBY?t=50s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/w7swxH6RjBY?t=50s&lt;/a&gt; it's dubbed over in English though, not sure how hard that makes it to hear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As quoted by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facenews.ua/columns/2018/319814/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;facenews&lt;/a&gt; the original Russian seems to be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Те, кто капает куда-то яд, сами его и проглотят в конце концов, сами этим ядом и отравятся&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;капает seems to be a form of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;капать&lt;/a&gt; meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;to drip, drop, spill&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where the English says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;serve us with&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm quite confused what drip has to do with serving someone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9715" LastEditorUserId="9715" LastEditDate="2018-03-19T11:28:18.200" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T11:29:59.817" Title="Did Putin literally say, &quot;Those who serve us with poison will eventually swallow it and poison themselves&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16026" CreationDate="2018-03-19T10:20:14.487" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I recognized correctly, Putin said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Те, кто капают куда-то яд, сами его и проглотят в конце концов, сами этим ядом и отравятся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This could be translated as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Those who drip poison somewhere will eventually swallow it and poison themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T10:20:14.487" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16023" CreationDate="2018-03-19T13:37:28.713" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is one of the forms of an &lt;strong&gt;impersonal sentence&lt;/strong&gt; formed with the &lt;strong&gt;independent infinitive&lt;/strong&gt; which serves as a predicate and a hidden subject of a pronoun in the dative. The infinitive corresponds to present time, though grammatically it doesn't show tense. If you want to refer the action to the past, you should use &amp;quot;было&amp;quot;&#xA;and for future &amp;quot;будет&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зачем ему &lt;strong&gt;было уезжать&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вам &lt;strong&gt;наплевать будет&lt;/strong&gt; на него.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Наплевать&lt;/strong&gt; is used idiomatically, meaning &amp;quot;все равно&amp;quot;, I don't care.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T15:37:26.227" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16029" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16031" CreationDate="2018-03-19T13:49:40.020" Score="5" ViewCount="429" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне наплевать на &lt;strong&gt;последствия&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs: Мне наплевать на &lt;strong&gt;следствия&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the surface, they both seem to mean &amp;quot;consequence&amp;quot;, the sense presumably originating from the word &amp;quot;след/track/footprint&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder why in this specific instance, &amp;quot;последствие&amp;quot; with the prefix &amp;quot;по-&amp;quot; is the one to go for? Why does the use of &amp;quot;следствие&amp;quot; sound odd here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-31T17:55:58.910" Title="&quot;последствие&quot; vs &quot;следствие&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16029" CreationDate="2018-03-19T14:01:47.720" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Следствие&lt;/code&gt; (singular) is widely used in the math in the meaning of &lt;code&gt;effect&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;consequence&lt;/code&gt;, like in a logical pair &lt;code&gt;cause&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;effect&lt;/code&gt;, and also in the meaning of &lt;code&gt;investigation&lt;/code&gt; (criminal).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The word &lt;code&gt;следствия&lt;/code&gt; is either a plural form or genitive of &lt;code&gt;следствие&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;последствие&lt;/code&gt; has a very close (if not the same) meaning &lt;code&gt;result&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;effect&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;aftermath&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;consequence&lt;/code&gt;. But in some circumstances it has a negative connotation. For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Последствия пожара&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Последствия болезни&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also it makes sense to mention a preposition &lt;code&gt;вследствие&lt;/code&gt; which has a meaning &lt;code&gt;as a consequence of&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-03-21T12:45:22.293" LastActivityDate="2018-03-21T12:45:22.293" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16029" CreationDate="2018-03-19T14:13:26.090" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Следствие&lt;/strong&gt; often (though not always) has &lt;em&gt;neutral&lt;/em&gt; meaning as in '&lt;em&gt;cause - effect&lt;/em&gt;' pair (&lt;strong&gt;причина - следствие&lt;/strong&gt;), while &lt;strong&gt;последствия(-е)&lt;/strong&gt; is typically about something &lt;em&gt;negative&lt;/em&gt;, like &lt;em&gt;delayed bad results&lt;/em&gt; from some event/action (&lt;strong&gt;событие/действие - последствия&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T14:13:26.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16021" CreationDate="2018-03-19T15:11:54.130" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those are not synonyms. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Оплата&lt;/strong&gt; (the &lt;em&gt;action&lt;/em&gt; of paying for something) is derived from a &lt;em&gt;strictly transitive&lt;/em&gt; Russian verb &lt;strong&gt;оплачивать (что?)&lt;/strong&gt; which is &lt;em&gt;never&lt;/em&gt; used without a direct object (accusative case). The corresponding noun keeps tracks of that verb's transitiveness by keeping the dependent noun which &lt;em&gt;must&lt;/em&gt; present (unless previously mentioned) in the genitive case (&lt;em&gt;оплачивать что?&lt;/em&gt; -&gt; &lt;strong&gt;оплата чего?&lt;/strong&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Оплатить (оплачивать) труд, проезд, товар, услуги. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Оплата&lt;/strong&gt; проезда, труда, товара, услуг.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Плата&lt;/strong&gt; just refers to &lt;em&gt;a sum of money&lt;/em&gt; due &lt;strong&gt;for&lt;/strong&gt; something (&lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; что-то):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Плата&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; проезд, заработная плата (плата &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; работу), арендная плата&#xA;  (плата &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; аренду).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your examples: 1) получать &lt;strong&gt;плату за работу&lt;/strong&gt; (OK), 2) произвести &lt;strong&gt;оплату&lt;/strong&gt; (чьей-то) &lt;strong&gt;работы&lt;/strong&gt;, 3) возьмите X в счёт &lt;strong&gt;оплаты работы&lt;/strong&gt;, 4) возьмите X в качестве &lt;strong&gt;платы за работу&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T15:11:54.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16033" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16035" CreationDate="2018-03-19T16:47:18.643" Score="3" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;The stress of the word утро seems to be irregular, since it depends on the absence or presence of a preposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to some sources: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the stress is always &lt;strong&gt;у́тр-&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;without&lt;/em&gt; a preposition.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the stress is always &lt;strong&gt;утр-́&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; a preposition.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it's again &lt;strong&gt;утр-́&lt;/strong&gt; not necessarily after a preposition. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A dictionary of mine cites &quot;в семь часов &lt;strong&gt;утра́&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some books cite &lt;strong&gt;утро́м&lt;/strong&gt; (or at least &lt;strong&gt;рано утро́м&lt;/strong&gt;) to mean &quot;in the morning&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what is the correct stress in each context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T17:25:39.347" Title="Stress mark of утро" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16033" CreationDate="2018-03-19T17:06:22.020" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;1.the stress is always у́тр- without a preposition.--Correct. . &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.the stress is always утр-́ after a preposition.--No, not always.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;об у'тре, для такого у'тра, в это у'тро.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.A dictionary of mine cites &quot;в семь часов утра́&quot;--Correct, an expression, should be memorized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4 Some books cite утро́м (or at least рано утро́м) to mean &quot;in the morning&quot;No, this isn't correct. It should be &quot;у'тром&quot;,the same &quot;рано у'тром.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-03-19T17:12:36.797" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T17:12:36.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16035" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16033" CreationDate="2018-03-19T17:25:39.347" Score="4" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Almost true. Without a preposition stress is almost always on the first syllable&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;рано ýтром&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  каждое ýтро&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Except the word &lt;strong&gt;утра́&lt;/strong&gt; with preposition &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;до&lt;/strong&gt; etc in the following phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;[preposition] [time] утра́&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;к 8 часам утра́&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  в 7 часов утра́&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  до 6 часов утра́&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wrong. Not always.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Examples:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;для [раннего] ýтра&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  в [столь раннее] ýтро   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Correct. See the 1st item.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wrong. The correct stress is on the first syllable: &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;рано ýтром&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bonus pack.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There are also adverbs constructed from preposition and the word &lt;strong&gt;утро&lt;/strong&gt;. They should be memorized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;поутрý&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  наýтро&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T17:25:39.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16036" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16038" CreationDate="2018-03-19T17:32:48.940" Score="11" ViewCount="3287" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6hVMv.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6hVMv.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I underlined two words in green. They have obsolete letters that I cannot track down. What are the translations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Context: This is a map legend. The full map is &lt;a href=&quot;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_russian_railroads_1916.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5691" LastActivityDate="2018-03-20T09:29:35.167" Title="What are these two words with obsolete letters?" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;&lt;дореформенная-орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16037" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16036" CreationDate="2018-03-19T17:40:01.690" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't see any obsolete letters in that second one. It's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narym&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нарымъ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10267" LastEditorUserId="10267" LastEditDate="2018-03-19T18:27:18.873" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T18:27:18.873" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16036" CreationDate="2018-03-19T17:46:40.290" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first word is &lt;code&gt;Уездная&lt;/code&gt; (County, district).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The second word is &lt;code&gt;Нарым&lt;/code&gt;. It's a geographic title, no translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T17:46:40.290" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16036" CreationDate="2018-03-19T17:58:35.517" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;First word (Уездная) has an obsolete letter &quot;yat&quot; (&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ять&lt;/a&gt;&quot;) in cursive, so it looks different form its typical form (ѣ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second word (Нарымъ) has no obsolete letters, although the first letter &quot;Н&quot; is written in uncommon form (maybe someone knows an explanation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T17:58:35.517" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16040" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-19T17:07:57.933" Score="2" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could you please tell me whether people say &quot;C днем рождения&quot; or &quot;Co  днем рождения&quot; ? And why.&#xA;Thank you very very much.&#xA;Best wishes,&#xA;Peter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="Pyong Yang" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T19:28:13.040" Title="&quot;C днем рождения&quot; или &quot;Co днем рождения&quot;?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2021-02-05T19:18:54.580" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16040" CreationDate="2018-03-19T17:14:53.857" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Корректно: &lt;strong&gt;C днем рождения!&lt;/strong&gt; (Обычно с восклицательным знаком.)&#xA;Почему? Эта тема уже не раз обсуждалась (см. мой комментарий к вопросу). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="М_Г" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T17:24:37.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16042" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16046" CreationDate="2018-03-19T20:21:09.227" Score="4" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;I sort of know (пошло оно всё ...), but I have heard: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;«а не пошло бы оно всё нахуй?» (&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/1ugivNRYfjc?t=4m40s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;«В Питере — пить»&lt;/a&gt;, группа &quot;Ленинград&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does the &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; addition mean and, moreover, why is the sentence having now &lt;em&gt;а не&lt;/em&gt; at the beginning? An acquaintance explained me that this is a kind of conjunctive mood. The phrase is from a museum guide (sick of her work which, apparently apocryphally) spoken instead of Pushkin's quote. Is this a practical structure or rather poetic?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2018-03-20T13:56:28.587" LastActivityDate="2018-03-20T20:23:52.457" Title="&quot;А не пошло бы оно всё на ...&quot; What is the difference from &quot;пошло оно всё на...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16043" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16044" CreationDate="2018-03-19T21:50:01.223" Score="4" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It did me a lot of good to &lt;strong&gt;move my body a little&lt;/strong&gt; after sitting for one whole day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume that with this specific meaning you should use &quot;(немного) &lt;strong&gt;подви́гаться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, but how does &quot;&lt;strong&gt;подвига́ться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; compare?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if &quot;&lt;strong&gt;подви́гаться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; denotes multi-directional random movements, with an emphasis placed on the idea &quot;for a while / a little&quot; due to the prefix &quot;по-&quot;, whereas &quot;&lt;strong&gt;подвига́ться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; refers to a movement in a single direction, as in &quot;moving forward&quot; or figuratively &quot;advancing (upwards) in your career&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-03-20T11:58:29.653" Title="When to use &quot;подви́гаться&quot; and when to use &quot;подвига́ться&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16043" CreationDate="2018-03-19T22:04:18.003" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You pretty much nailed it on your own save for a few points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;подвигАться&lt;/strong&gt; a person can only physically and in any direction, when someone wishes to sit down next to you on a limited sitting space they might ask you to &lt;strong&gt;подвинуться&lt;/strong&gt; which would be sideways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With regard to career it's &lt;strong&gt;пРодвигаться&lt;/strong&gt;, which is always a progressing movement, in the direction you're facing (in a physical sense) or invest efforts in, a movement towards specific destination.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-03-19T22:18:17.227" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T22:18:17.227" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16042" CreationDate="2018-03-19T23:58:17.903" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is definitely a practical structure, used in everyday life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One use of &quot;а не ... бы ...&quot; is to convey a conjunctive (subjunctive) mood, like in this particular case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another use is to soften the rudeness of obscenities. Without &quot;а не ... бы ...&quot; the phrase becomes declarative instead of interrogative, which would make it more rude. This softening effect is more pronounced in imperative/interrogative variants. &quot;Пошел ты на ...&quot; is much more rude than &quot;А не пошел бы ты на ...&quot; (however, both variants are rude).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-03-19T23:58:17.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16042" CreationDate="2018-03-20T08:36:31.287" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's the same as if the English &lt;strong&gt;fuck you&lt;/strong&gt; were framed as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why wouldn't you go and fuck yourself / fuck off?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wouldn't you rather ....?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How about you fuck off / yourself?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's to express either sarcastically greater contempt and disdain through framing it as a polite question or alternatively to somewhat mitigate the offensiveness. And if addressing an inanimate object it's often an expression of deep disappointment rather than anger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The construct &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;а не + verb in past tense/infinitive + бы&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; basically expresses a cautious question about a possibility, like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;wouldn't...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. The particle &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; isn't indispensable but it's an integral part of spoken language which makes it more emphatic and colorful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-20T20:23:52.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16043" CreationDate="2018-03-20T11:58:29.653" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Source &lt;strong&gt;Большой толковый словарь русского языка (Кузнецов)&lt;/strong&gt;, 2014 edition gives the following meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ПОДВ&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;ГАТЬСЯ, -аюсь, -аешься; св. Двигаться некоторое время, сделать несколько движений. Дайте ребёнку п.  My transl.: move for a while, make several movements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is close to your suggestion (multi-directional random movements).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for ПОДВИГ&lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt;ТЬСЯ this source says to see ПОДВИНУТЬСЯ (because ПОДВИГ&lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt;ТЬСЯ is its &lt;strong&gt;imperfective&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ПОДВИНУТЬСЯ&lt;/strong&gt;, -нусь, -нешься; св. 1. Несколько, немного придвинуться или передвинуться. Все немножко подвинулись. Туча подвинулась к нам. 2. Пройти, проехать вперёд; продвинуться. Лодка подвинулась вверх по течению. // Идти, продвигаться вперёд (о войсках, фронте и т.п.). Фронт подвинулся южнее. 3. Несколько, немного продвинуться, приблизиться к завершению, к поставленной цели. П. в немецком языке. Строительство подвинулось. 4. Разг. Преуспеть на службе, получить повышение; повыситься (по службе, общественному положению и т.п.). П. в чинах. &amp;lt;&lt;em&gt;Подвиг&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ться&lt;/em&gt;, -аюсь, -аешься; нсв.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brief translation for ПОДВИНУТЬСЯ: 1. Move a little. 2. Go forward, move forward. 3. Progress, move closer to the end, improve. 4. &lt;em&gt;Informal&lt;/em&gt;,  Advance in career (status, etc.). The final abbreviation &lt;em&gt;нсв&lt;/em&gt; = imperfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you are basically right in your suggestions. Except the 'career' meaning which is really not used often and sounds somewhat old-fashioned (a commonly used alternative is &lt;em&gt;продвинуться&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-03-20T11:58:29.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16029" CreationDate="2018-03-20T12:00:52.527" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Последствие&lt;/strong&gt; is a thing or event that starts/happens at some point in time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я [не] думаю|беспокоюсь о последствиях&lt;/em&gt; - I [don't] think|care about what can happen [because of it].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Курение приводит к негативным последствиям: одышке и т.д.&lt;/em&gt; - Smoking has negative consequences like wheeze etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дождь вызвал последствия в виде наводнения&lt;/em&gt; - Rain caused the flood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Следствие&lt;/strong&gt; (in sense of &lt;em&gt;effect&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;investigation&lt;/em&gt;) is an abstract thing, which is true since its cause is true. Synonyms are &lt;strong&gt;вывод&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;заключение&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Теорема имеет следующие следствия&lt;/em&gt; (not &lt;em&gt;последствия&lt;/em&gt;) - From the theorem you can draw the following corollaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Следствия, которые мы можем вывести из этих фактов, таковы...&lt;/em&gt; - From the facts we can conclude that ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;But&lt;/strong&gt; in some set phrases (&lt;em&gt;Следствием ... является ...&lt;/em&gt;) it is used instead of &lt;strong&gt;последствие&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Следствием дождя явилось наводнение.&lt;/em&gt; - The flood came as a consequence of the rain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Следствием курения являются заболевания легких&lt;/em&gt; -  Lung diseases are caused by smoking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use &lt;strong&gt;последствие&lt;/strong&gt; here as well and it will sound only a little unusual. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastEditorUserId="9001" LastEditDate="2018-03-31T17:55:58.910" LastActivityDate="2018-03-31T17:55:58.910" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16051" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16052" CreationDate="2018-03-20T17:40:39.790" Score="3" ViewCount="131" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;важнее&lt;/strong&gt; всего&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;скорее&lt;/strong&gt; всего&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;больше&lt;/strong&gt; всего&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far, I've contented myself with putting this down to &lt;em&gt;just because&lt;/em&gt;, but I wonder why in Russian you use a comparative form to refer to the superlative notion of &amp;quot;the most ... of all&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T11:41:09.583" Title="Why use Comparative for the Superlative meaning: &quot;важнее / скорее / больше всего&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16051" CreationDate="2018-03-20T19:26:37.490" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English one can say 'more important than anything'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian one can say &lt;strong&gt;важнейший из всех&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both languages can use either the comparative or the superlative to express the same idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-03-20T19:26:37.490" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16053" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16057" CreationDate="2018-03-21T18:07:54.093" Score="5" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В последнее время не было возможности побыть одной, немного расслабиться, чтобы &lt;strong&gt;пару&lt;/strong&gt; часов не думать о домашних делах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the meaning of the phrase, it seems as if the preposition &quot;за&quot; with the meaning of &quot;for/during&quot; is dropped. I wonder if it is unusual to say &quot;за пару часов&quot; instead in an instance like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-03-22T13:20:24.797" Title="What is the rationale for using the accusative &quot;пару&quot; in &quot;пару часов не думать&quot; without a preceding preposition?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16053" CreationDate="2018-03-21T18:23:24.787" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Preposition &lt;code&gt;&quot;за&quot;&lt;/code&gt; can be used when there supposed to be a specific accomplishment during mentioned time period. In this case, &lt;code&gt;&quot;думать&quot;&lt;/code&gt; is imperfective, and no accomplishment is anticipated, meaning that &lt;code&gt;&quot;за&quot;&lt;/code&gt; cannot be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare to &lt;code&gt;&quot;сделать домашние дела за пару часов&quot;&lt;/code&gt; (to finish home chores in couple hours).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-03-21T18:23:24.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16055" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16060" CreationDate="2018-03-21T18:23:45.407" Score="6" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не знаю, &lt;strong&gt;гожусь&lt;/strong&gt; ли я &lt;strong&gt;в напарники&lt;/strong&gt;, но попробовать можно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've never come across another instance where a noun following the preposition &quot;в&quot; takes any other case than Prepositional or Accusative. Not to mention that the very idea of using Nominative Plural following any preposition pulled me up short. I wonder if this is just a one-off instance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-03-21T21:28:02.587" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T08:42:45.710" Title="What is the rationale for using Nominative Plural following the preposition &quot;в&quot; in &quot;годиться в + noun&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16053" CreationDate="2018-03-21T18:24:06.427" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Presence of a preposition in this context depends on the aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a verb is in the perfective aspect, the preposition is used, and isn't used otherwise.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... чтобы пару часов не думать о домашних делах. (&lt;em&gt;imperfective&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ... чтобы &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; пару часов отойти от произошедшего. (&lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt;)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-03-21T18:29:51.717" LastActivityDate="2018-03-21T18:29:51.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16053" CreationDate="2018-03-21T18:30:13.720" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;За пару часов не думать о домашних делах&quot;&lt;/code&gt; is wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;За&quot; in such expressions means that it took that time to perform some action. The verb must be perfective.  Without &quot;за&quot; it must be imperfective. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;За два часа она сделала домашнее задание&lt;/code&gt; (it took two hours for her to do her homework - she started to do it, then finished it, all in two hours) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Она два часа делала домашнее задание&lt;/code&gt; (she spent two hours doing her homework - maybe she finished it, maybe not, maybe she made little or no progress, or maybe she started her homework yesterday, and now just continued to do it).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: &lt;code&gt;за ... не ...&lt;/code&gt; means some task is not done for this time, the verb still should be perfective.  Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;За два часа она ни разу не подумала о домашних делах&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;За целый день ты ничего не сделал&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2018-03-21T18:45:41.007" LastActivityDate="2018-03-21T18:45:41.007" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16059" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16053" CreationDate="2018-03-21T19:18:44.183" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using just the accusative with no preposition is a common way of describing an action that is 'spread' over a time span or a distance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Подождите &lt;strong&gt;минуту&lt;/strong&gt;. - Please wait &lt;strong&gt;a minute&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Проехать &lt;strong&gt;милю&lt;/strong&gt;. - To drive &lt;strong&gt;for a mile.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Отдохни &lt;strong&gt;недельку-другую&lt;/strong&gt;. - Have a rest &lt;strong&gt;for a week or two.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may not be as obvious with masculine and neuter nouns (or numerals) because their nominative and accusative are the same:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я прождал автобуса &lt;strong&gt;целый час.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Проехать &lt;strong&gt;пять километров.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Попрыгунья Стрекоза&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Лето красное&lt;/strong&gt; пропела;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Оглянуться не успела,&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Как зима катит в глаза.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9_(%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Крылов. Стрекоза и Муравей&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Believe it or not, the bold words above are in the accusative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 'pure accusative' sets the boundaries of the described action; &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; + accusative sums up what happens by the end of the time interval:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– &lt;strong&gt;За сколько&lt;/strong&gt; сделаешь? &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  – &lt;strong&gt;За день&lt;/strong&gt; сделаю. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  – А &lt;strong&gt;за два&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/ESDZPSrO128&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Фильм &quot;Формула любви&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-03-22T11:05:00.753" LastActivityDate="2018-03-22T11:05:00.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16060" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16055" CreationDate="2018-03-21T19:58:17.167" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a very peculiar twist of the Russian grammar: a preposition followed by what seems to be a noun in the nominative case. Some grammarians even treat this as a separate case; others prefer to say that the noun is actually in the accusative but it loses its animacy in this context. More examples of this kind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он тебе &lt;strong&gt;в отцы&lt;/strong&gt; годится! - He's old enough to be your father!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я бы &lt;strong&gt;в летчики&lt;/strong&gt; пошел, пусть меня научат! (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C%3F_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Маяковский. Кем быть?&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Иванов избирается &lt;strong&gt;в депутаты.&lt;/strong&gt; - Ivanov is being elected a deputy.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Петров метит &lt;strong&gt;в начальники.&lt;/strong&gt; - Petrov is aiming at becoming a boss.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дети играют &lt;strong&gt;в дочки-матери / в казаки-разбойники.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не знаю, гожусь ли я в напарники, но попробовать можно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Not sure if I would be a good partner, but we can give it a try.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The general meaning is aspiring or pretending to be someone. It's a colloquial expression with a rich history which sadly seems to be falling out of use. So well done spotting it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-04-22T20:26:44.247" LastActivityDate="2018-04-22T20:26:44.247" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16062" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16053" CreationDate="2018-03-22T13:20:24.797" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can think of &lt;em&gt;the accusative&lt;/em&gt; here like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... so that I'd &lt;em&gt;have a couple of hours&lt;/em&gt; of not thinking about&#xA;  housework.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(The opposite: ... so that I'd &lt;em&gt;spend a couple of hours&lt;/em&gt; enjoying my&#xA;  housework.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The prepositional version with &quot;&lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is for a &lt;em&gt;different&lt;/em&gt; meaning: you'll are limited in time to a couple of hours while have to complete something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;.. so that I'd get all of my housework done &lt;em&gt;in a couple of hours&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(... чтобы &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; пару часов переделать все домашние дела)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-03-22T13:20:24.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16063" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16065" CreationDate="2018-03-23T00:51:26.867" Score="5" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;он &lt;strong&gt;сильно&lt;/strong&gt; занят&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs: он &lt;strong&gt;очень&lt;/strong&gt; занят&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume that in this specific instance you can swap &amp;quot;очень&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;сильно&amp;quot; in the sense of &amp;quot;very much&amp;quot;. However, given that &amp;quot;сильно&amp;quot; carries the fundamental meaning of &amp;quot;strongly&amp;quot;, I'm not sure if &amp;quot;очень&amp;quot; is interchangeable with &amp;quot;сильно&amp;quot; all the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-23T11:41:10.640" Title="When (and when not) can you replace &quot;очень&quot; with &quot;сильно&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16064" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-23T06:38:47.880" Score="4" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm reading a certain set of kindergarten/lower primary maths textbooks that is written by North American authors for a European company.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whenever students are asked to identify the number of rectangles in a given picture, the answer booklet gives the number of oblongs instead of the number of rectangles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the topic may be too advanced for kindergarten students, the maths textbooks indeed explicitly say at the bottom of the first page of a textbook at the very first level to tell students that squares are special types of rectangles, where levels 1-4 are for kindergarten students.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, the accompany guide for teachers devotes a whole page of discussion as to how to teach that squares are special types of rectangles. There's even a paragraph about teaching to kindergarten students. The authors/some of the co-authors of the teacher guides are also authors/co-authors of the textbooks. They have also said that if students are taught that squares are not rectangles, then they will have misconceptions later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps, the ones who wrote the answer booklets were not fluent in English while the ones who wrote the textbooks were.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[picture with 4 circles, 2 triangles, 3 square rectangles, 2 oblong rectangles for a total of 5 rectangles]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Circle ___&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Triangle ___&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Square ___&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rectangle ___&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer key would give only the numbers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the last line is wrong since it should be 5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could this happen in Russian? Or a Russian dialect? I mean, is there something specific about the translations of any of the following words 'rectangle, square, oblong, quadrilateral, quadrangle, parallelogram, trapezoid/trapezium, rhombus' that would cause such confusion? I guess the translator/s thought that when English speakers say 'rectangle', it means 'oblong in their language/dialect, but I don't see that as specifically a problem for this particular language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, are squares considered rectangles in Russia? Apparently, these things can vary by state, curricula, culture, time, etc. Please provide a document from the education department of your government or something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. I'm a monolinguist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://matheducators.stackexchange.com/questions/13831/&quot;&gt;Are kindergartners supposed to be steered from squares being rectangles?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://matheducators.stackexchange.com/questions/13700/in-what-curricula-are-rectangles-defined-so-as-to-exclude-squares&quot;&gt;In what curricula are “rectangles” defined so as to exclude squares?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2249741/why-do-we-have-circles-for-ellipses-squares-for-rectangles-but-nothing-for-tria&quot;&gt;Why do we have circles for ellipses, squares for rectangles but nothing for triangles?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/394471&quot;&gt;What are/should kids (be) taught about the colour of the sun?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10386" LastEditorUserId="10386" LastEditDate="2021-04-10T11:59:40.343" LastActivityDate="2021-04-10T11:59:40.343" Title="Could a translation error lead to squares to not be considered as rectangles?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16063" CreationDate="2018-03-23T08:15:10.993" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;My answer may not be based on any academic facts, but I will try to analyze this as a native Russian speaker. &lt;strong&gt;Очень&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;сильно&lt;/strong&gt; are not always interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When used to describe current state of a person/situation they are interchangeable, both can be used.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;очень&lt;/strong&gt; разозлился. = He got very angry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;сильно&lt;/strong&gt; разозлился.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Моя рука &lt;strong&gt;очень&lt;/strong&gt; болит. = My hand hurts very much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Моя рука &lt;strong&gt;сильно&lt;/strong&gt; болит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When used to describe qualities of a person/object – not really interchangeable. &lt;strong&gt;Сильно&lt;/strong&gt; even when used may sound strange or bear negative connotation:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Станция находится &lt;strong&gt;очень&lt;/strong&gt; далеко. = The station is very far.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Станция находится &lt;strong&gt;сильно&lt;/strong&gt; далеко. -&amp;gt; this sounds awkward&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты &lt;strong&gt;очень&lt;/strong&gt; умный. = You are very smart. (neutral)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты &lt;strong&gt;сильно&lt;/strong&gt; умный. = You are smart as fuck. (not really a compliment)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;When used to describe actual [physical] force – &lt;strong&gt;сильно&lt;/strong&gt; should be used:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;очень&lt;/strong&gt; ударил человека кулаком. -&amp;gt; this sounds awkward&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;сильно&lt;/strong&gt; ударил человека кулаком. = He punched the man hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Этот район &lt;strong&gt;очень&lt;/strong&gt; пострадал от землетрясения. = This area suffered much damage from the earthquake. – Sounds okay, but not preferred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Этот район &lt;strong&gt;сильно&lt;/strong&gt; пострадал от землетрясения. -&amp;gt; this usage &lt;strong&gt;is preferred&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Only &lt;strong&gt;сильно&lt;/strong&gt; can be used with adverbs &lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;не так:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;так сильно&lt;/strong&gt; тебя люблю! = I love you so much!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;очень&lt;/strong&gt; тебя люблю! = I love you much!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;так очень&lt;/strong&gt; тебя люблю! -&amp;gt; &lt;strong&gt;completely wrong&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;не так сильно&lt;/strong&gt; привязан к родителям. = He's not so much attached to his parents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;не очень&lt;/strong&gt; привязан к родителям. = He's not much attached to his parents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;не так очень&lt;/strong&gt; привязан к родителям. -&amp;gt; &lt;strong&gt;completely wrong&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-23T11:41:10.640" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16064" CreationDate="2018-03-23T08:52:38.853" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe i would answer exactly as the answer key shows, which in your opinion is &lt;em&gt;incorrect&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I guess the translator/s thought that when English speakers say&#xA;  'rectangle', it means 'oblong in their language/dialect&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do envision such a possibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian square is &lt;em&gt;квадрат&lt;/em&gt; while rectangle is &lt;em&gt;прямоугольник&lt;/em&gt; (named &lt;em&gt;oblong rectangle&lt;/em&gt; in your description).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;em&gt;rectangle&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;oblong rectangle&lt;/em&gt; are just &lt;em&gt;прямоугольник&lt;/em&gt; and the latter is usually only understood as &lt;em&gt;oblong&lt;/em&gt;, to the exclusion of a &lt;em&gt;square&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although technically &lt;em&gt;square&lt;/em&gt; is an isolated case of a &lt;em&gt;rectangle&lt;/em&gt;, conceptually in Russian speaking milieu they're usually treated as different shapes. This is what i remember from my school years and it's been a while since then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-03-23T12:25:29.480" LastActivityDate="2018-03-23T12:25:29.480" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16063" CreationDate="2018-03-23T09:03:54.560" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сильно instead of очень is very colloquial.  I don't recommend to use it at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has negative connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он очень умный&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;he is very smart&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он сильно умный&lt;/code&gt; = (approximately) &lt;code&gt;he is smartass&lt;/code&gt;.  It is never a compliment.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-03-23T09:03:54.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16068" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-23T11:22:30.153" Score="4" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just read about &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibboleth&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;shibboleths&lt;/a&gt; and I was wondering: what are some Russian shibboleths used today or in the past?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A shibboleth is a phrase (or a custom/tradition) that is used to distinguish between groups of people, often depending on whether or not the speaker can properly pronounce the phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a list of examples: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_shibboleths&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;List of shibboleths&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6816" LastEditorUserId="6816" LastEditDate="2018-03-23T13:31:48.017" LastActivityDate="2018-03-23T13:31:48.017" Title="What are some Russian shibboleths?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="11" ClosedDate="2018-03-23T13:49:29.700" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16069" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16070" CreationDate="2018-03-23T18:58:34.513" Score="3" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И вот &lt;strong&gt;в один прекрасный день&lt;/strong&gt; ты начинаешь осознавать, что влюблена в него. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I get the feeling that this (fixed) expression is not about the weather being literally &quot;прекрасный / beautiful / nice&quot; when something has happened, but rather perhaps, I wonder if it is used to describe how suddenly and unexpectedly something has happened?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-03-25T11:42:28.177" Title="What does the expression &quot;(и вот) в один прекрасный день&quot; intend to convey?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16069" CreationDate="2018-03-23T19:27:40.180" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;s=%E2+%EE%E4%E8%ED+%EF%F0%E5%EA%F0%E0%F1%ED%FB%E9+%E4%E5%ED%FC&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;There's&lt;/a&gt; a direct English parallel&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;one fine day&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although in Russian the phrase doesn't necessarily mean it to be literally &lt;em&gt;beautiful&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;charming&lt;/em&gt;, it's still not used to describe adverse events, except ironically. The antonymous expression for negative events would be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В один злополучный/злосчастный день....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which nevertheless is too literary for daily use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-03-24T12:30:01.903" LastActivityDate="2018-03-24T12:30:01.903" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16069" CreationDate="2018-03-25T11:42:28.177" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Выражение &quot;в один прекрасный день&quot; может означать нечто совсем иное, чем истинное счастье. Например: И вот, в один прекрасный день меня уволили. Или: И вот, в один прекрасный день Ельцин передал власть Путину. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10342" LastActivityDate="2018-03-25T11:42:28.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16072" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16073" CreationDate="2018-03-25T14:46:26.593" Score="5" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, can I rewrite the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я живу в Берлине с тысяча девятьсот семьдесят третьего года&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я живу в Берлине с семьдесят третьего года&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, is this considered informal? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-03-25T17:01:38.870" LastActivityDate="2018-03-25T17:01:38.870" Title="Is it common to omit part of a year in Russian?" Tags="&lt;phrase&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16072" CreationDate="2018-03-25T16:16:27.937" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you can (and should) use it, as long it is clear from the context, which century you are talking about. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the formality, it is only slightly informal meaning that you would not normally see the short form written in official documents, but officials may easily use it at press-conferences. At the same time, in written form, the long form would typically be replaced by digits. So in general you would encounter either&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я живу в Берлине с семьдесят третьего года. [oral]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я живу в Берлине с 1973 года. [written]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10402" LastActivityDate="2018-03-25T16:16:27.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16074" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16085" CreationDate="2018-03-25T22:50:44.077" Score="4" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пока ты проводишь свое драгоценное время &lt;strong&gt;впустую&lt;/strong&gt; и занимаешься бесполезными делами, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The accusative feminine construction &amp;quot;в + пустую&amp;quot; leads me to think that some feminine noun is theoretically omitted at the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;впустую: в + пустую + ???&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;spend time &lt;strong&gt;to empty/vain + ???&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-28T04:02:55.050" Title="The adverb &quot;впустую&quot; is made up of &quot;в&quot; + &quot;пустую&quot; + &quot;what feminine noun&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16075" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16074" CreationDate="2018-03-26T00:04:10.923" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Despite the word &lt;code&gt;впустую&lt;/code&gt; looks like you described, its meaning is very similar if not the same as for words: &lt;code&gt;зря&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;напрасно&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And you're right, if there are two words &lt;code&gt;в пустую&lt;/code&gt;, they are typically followed by an accusative feminine noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I'm not aware how &lt;code&gt;впустую&lt;/code&gt; is related to &lt;code&gt;в пустую&lt;/code&gt;, except for similar looking. I'd not be surprised if there is no relationship at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T00:04:10.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16076" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16087" CreationDate="2018-03-26T05:16:27.213" Score="1" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;стану&lt;/strong&gt; тебя слушаться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I understand it, when &quot;не&quot; directly qualifies the verb &quot;стать&quot;, the phrase expresses a determined refusal to do something: &quot;not going to do / not about to do&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;{vs}: Мы с тобой обручились, но это &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; значит, что я &lt;strong&gt;стану&lt;/strong&gt; тебя слушаться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what about when &quot;не&quot; qualifies the verb &quot;значит&quot; in the main clause, as shown above? Is a strong negation still perceived? Or is it more like a lighter-in-tone, partial negation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;..., but that does&lt;strong&gt;n't necessarily&lt;/strong&gt; mean that I'm going to ...?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-03-26T06:00:32.240" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T20:20:07.700" Title="Does &quot;это не значит, что я стану ...&quot; express a determined refusal like &quot;я не стану ...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16077" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-26T07:23:30.983" Score="6" ViewCount="258" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yekaterinburg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yekaterinburg&lt;/a&gt; was renamed to Sverdlovsk in 1924, after the man &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakov_Sverdlov&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yakov Sverdlov&lt;/a&gt;. Notice the -sk prefix.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Orenburg&lt;/a&gt; was renamed to Chkalov in 1938, after the man &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valery_Chkalov&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Valery Chkalov&lt;/a&gt;. Notice this name &lt;strong&gt;doesn't&lt;/strong&gt; have the -sk suffix.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am wondering why. Both names end in a v, but one is given an -sk suffix, and the other isn't. Is there some rule about this? Does the -sk suffix mean anything?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: I have a &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/9064/what-are-the-rules-if-any-for-naming-a-city-after-a-person&quot;&gt;similar question&lt;/a&gt;. That one is more about general city names, but this one is more of a specific case because Chkalov has no suffix, prefix, or any modifications to the name whatsoever. I'm wondering why. &quot;Chkalovsk&quot; sounds better to me, like Sverdlovsk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5691" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T18:51:16.933" Title="Why are some city names, when named after people, given -sk suffix, but others aren't?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16077" CreationDate="2018-03-26T07:32:55.713" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no grammatical rule in Russian that specifies city name generation based on person names. It's rather random or based on historical context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in early soviet times Stalingrad (now Volgograd), Stalino (now Donetsk) and Stalinsk (now Novokuznetsk) existed simultaneously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T07:32:55.713" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16079" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16083" CreationDate="2018-03-26T08:22:00.807" Score="2" ViewCount="83" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На вашем счету &lt;strong&gt;недостаточно денег&lt;/strong&gt;, чтобы продолжить пользование услугами сети интернет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason for using the genitive &quot;денег&quot; seems straightforward enough, but in the following instance, the use of the genitive &quot;этого&quot; instead of &quot;это&quot; has me puzzled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Детская смертность снизилась вдвое, но &lt;strong&gt;этого недостаточно&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume this is not strictly a negative construction, despite the prefix &quot;не-&quot;, and it does not fit the &quot;not enough &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; ...&quot; interpretation, either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T10:07:44.390" Title="What is the rationale for using the genitive &quot;этого&quot; in &quot;этого недостаточно&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16076" CreationDate="2018-03-26T08:35:25.623" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Это не значит,&lt;/strong&gt; = It doesn't mean &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;что я стану тебя слушаться.&lt;/strong&gt; = that I will start doing whatever you tell me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Слушаться&lt;/strong&gt; means listen and do as told. It's what parents often demand of their children: &lt;strong&gt;Слушайся папу!&lt;/strong&gt; = Listen to your dad! (and do what he tells you)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T08:35:25.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16079" CreationDate="2018-03-26T08:38:12.607" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Но этого недостаточно&quot; is 100% similar to the English &quot;but it's not  enough&quot; and differs from just &quot;недостаточно&quot; like it's English counterpart differs from just &quot;not enough&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can say in English: &quot;There's no enough money in the world to make me get this job&quot;, or one can say &quot;I have like what, 200 bucks on me, but it's not enough&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T08:38:12.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16082" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16079" CreationDate="2018-03-26T08:42:01.460" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both your examples use the genitive case for the same reason: &lt;strong&gt;(не)достаточно&lt;/strong&gt; takes a compliment in the genitive case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Достаточно одной таблетки.&quot; (Google it)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Этого недостаточно, нужно больше!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Достаточно примеров?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T08:42:01.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16079" CreationDate="2018-03-26T10:07:44.390" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I assume this is not strictly a negative construction, despite the&#xA;  prefix &quot;не-&quot;, and it does not fit the &quot;not enough of ...&quot;&#xA;  interpretation, either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your assumption is not correct. It &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; a negative construction and it &lt;strong&gt;does fit&lt;/strong&gt; the &quot;not enough of ...&quot; interpretation - &quot;not enough of this (&lt;em&gt;decreasing of сhild mortality&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;em&gt;for whatever it's being spoken about&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T10:07:44.390" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16051" CreationDate="2018-03-26T11:41:09.583" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 3 constructions with more or less the same meaning (X stands for an adjective):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;more X than anything (Xer than anything)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the most X (the Xest)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the most X of all (the Xest of all)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian that will be (using certain adjectives, as I cannot find how to generalize)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Важнее всего (более важно чем что-либо) – note that option in parenthesis sounds a bit strange. It might be better with some other adjectives, but I'm not sure. It could be used for adjectives without comparative forma, but I can't remember if there are any such adjectives in Russian.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;важнейший (самый важный) – unlike previous construction, in this case both options are perfectly interchangeable, even if adjective has superlative form&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;важнейший из всех (самый важный из всех) – perfectly interchangeable options.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T11:41:09.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16074" CreationDate="2018-03-26T13:59:21.643" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a limited group of adverbs which for some reason (perhaps historical) assume Accusative inflection of words in feminine gender&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вслеп&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ю (стрелять)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  вчист&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ю (проиграть)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  втёмную (действовать)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  всух&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ю (выиграть)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  вничь&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt; (сыграть)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  вхолост&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ю (сделать что-л.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  напропал&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ю (гулять)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  зачаст&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ю (случаться)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  вкрут&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ю (сварить яйца)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  врассыпн&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ю (бежать)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  врукоп&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;шную (ходить)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  вплотн&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ю (стоять)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  напрям&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ю (говорить)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  втих&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ю (сделать что-л.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ни в как&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ю (не хотеть)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  вжив&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ю (увидеть)  &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;could be a later creation in the familiar pattern&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  влёгкую (обыграть) &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;modern colloquial&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  втуп&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ю (действовать) &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;modern slang&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And you're probably correct in assuming the existence of a noun which would follow them in their ancient form, but i'm unaware of what these noun or nouns might have been.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-03-27T11:52:02.220" LastActivityDate="2018-03-27T11:52:02.220" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16077" CreationDate="2018-03-26T18:06:37.773" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems like in modern Russian language there is a &quot;hierarchy&quot; of city name's forms, according to a degree of importance and respectability. If we name a city after a person, for example &quot;Иванов&quot;, then the hierarchy will look like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ивановград &gt; Иванов &gt; Ивановск &gt; Иваново, Ивановский &gt; Ивановка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This hierarchy appear to be settled about 1930s. According to the unwritten rules, if a prominent person (Иванов) dies, and we name a sizeable city after him, it's preferable to name it &quot;Ивановград&quot; or &quot;Иванов&quot;, but not &quot;Ивановск&quot;.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yekaterinburg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Свердловск&lt;/a&gt; was renamed in 1924, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Киров&lt;/a&gt; in 1934, and since that time it looks like the tradition of &quot;-ск&quot; is getting deprecated in favor of just [Family Name]. But for small towns it is still Ok to get the &quot;-ск&quot; suffix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suffix &quot;-град&quot;, while being the most prominent, also sounds pompous and is not widely used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2018-03-26T18:51:16.933" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T18:51:16.933" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16076" CreationDate="2018-03-26T20:20:07.700" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native speaker, I would say that &lt;code&gt;не значит&lt;/code&gt; here leaves a certain degree of uncertainty, suggesting an intention not to obey (depending on the actual conditions) rather than strict refusal to obey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a comment aside, I find the use of &lt;code&gt;стать, стану&lt;/code&gt; slightly outdated in your examples. In your first example, it would be slightly more natural to hear a simpler&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;не буду&lt;/strong&gt; тебя слушаться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second example, the outdated verb &lt;code&gt;обручиться&lt;/code&gt; also hints that the phrase  refers to the language before the 1917 revolution, rather than to its modern state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a non-linguist, I would guess that it is more common nowadays to come across &lt;code&gt;стать&lt;/code&gt; with the meaning &lt;code&gt;to become&lt;/code&gt; rather than the refusal you are talking about:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне никогда &lt;strong&gt;не стать&lt;/strong&gt; таким знаменитым, как Александр Столетов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10402" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T20:20:07.700" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16074" CreationDate="2018-03-26T23:22:07.743" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Preposition + adjective in oblique case (without a noun the latter would define) is and has always been a productive pattern of adverb formation in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some cases, genders and adjective forms, though, have been more productive in past than now and vice versa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some of those patterns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Short gen. m.: &lt;em&gt;издалека, слева, сполна&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Short dat. m.: &lt;em&gt;понемногу, помалу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Full dat. m.: &lt;em&gt;по-прежнему, по-новому&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Short acc. m.: &lt;em&gt;влево, вообще, наголо, подавно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Full acc. f.: &lt;em&gt;впустую, одесную, зачастую&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Full acc. m. pl.: &lt;em&gt;впервые&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Short instr. m.: &lt;em&gt;по-русски, по-немецки&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Short loc. m.: &lt;em&gt;наготове, налегке, вскоре&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, there are no words &quot;omitted&quot; here: the case and the gender are just repurposed to convey some subtleties in meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of those patterns have since stopped being productive. &lt;em&gt;Впервые&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;вскоре&lt;/em&gt; etc. are fossilized forms, you can't produce new adverbs like those in modern Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Others, like full acc. f. you're asking about, are relatively new. Except for Church Slavonic &lt;em&gt;одесную&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ошую&lt;/em&gt;, they are virtually non-existent in medieval and even XVIII texts, but then people picked them up and started using them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know why did this particular form gain such traction, but you can see a surge in its usage around 1850's, while neither of Lomonosov's, Vostokov's or Gretch's grammars even mention those forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-03-26T23:22:07.743" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16074" CreationDate="2018-03-27T19:09:24.690" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Don't consider this information to be an answer. There is an explanation in what way the process might go. Briefly speaking, there was a noun, several nouns to be precise before the adverb was formed.It was formed from a noun phrase with a preposition. Some phrases remained till now (see P.S.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Особый интерес представляют наречия, соотносительные с предложно-падежными формами прилагательных: въмалѣ, съмо- лоду, издавьна, помногу, помалу и т. п. Хотя такая их соотносительность с предложно-падежными формами прилагательных как будто бы очевидна, объяснить их происхождение непосредственно из таких форм нельзя, так как русскому языку сочетания прилагательных с предлогами несвойственны. Существуют разные объяснения происхождения данных наречий, одно из которых заключается в том, что они возникли в результате &lt;strong&gt;„свертывания&quot; атрибутивно-именных словосочетаний с последующей адвербиализацией прилагательного&lt;/strong&gt; (этот процесс можно назвать лексико-семантической конденсацией). Дело заключается в том, что в древнерусском языке существовали &lt;strong&gt;атрибутивно-именные сочетания, выступавшие в обстоятельственной функции&lt;/strong&gt;, которые были соотносительны с наречиями. Такая соотносительность присуща временным и пространственным наречиям, что связано с выражением временной и пространственной характеристики действия определительными словосочетаниями, в состав которых входили &lt;strong&gt;существительные с общим временным или пространственным значением&lt;/strong&gt;, выступающие в качестве опорных слов таких сочетаний; таковыми во временных обстоятельственных конструкциях были слова &lt;strong&gt;врем*, лѣто, часъ, дьнь&lt;/strong&gt;, а в пространственных — &lt;strong&gt;страна (сторона), путь&lt;/strong&gt;. Обобщенное лексическое значение опорного существительного в таких сочетаниях обусловливало то, что основную семантическую нагрузку получало прилагательное, а не существительное, которое вследствие этого могло опускаться. Опущение определяемого имени облегчалось устойчивым характером таких словосочетаний, а их обстоятельственная функция способствовала переходу прилагательного в наречие. Так, например, из &lt;strong&gt;по малѣ времени, часѣ развилось наречие помалѣ; из по мнозѣ лѣтѣ — помнозѣ; из не въ дълзѣ времени — невъдълзѣ; из из давьна времени — издавьна; из о десьную его страну — одеськую; из отъ далеча пути — отъдалеча&lt;/strong&gt;. Такое объяснение было предложено Е. И. Янович в книге „Наречие в истории русского языка&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS So the noun was &quot;&lt;strong&gt;сторона&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, there are still some hints or remnants in our language and in English as well. We can say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он изменился (как?) &lt;strong&gt;в лучшую сторону&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He smiled &lt;strong&gt;in a friendly way&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-03-28T04:02:55.050" LastActivityDate="2018-03-28T04:02:55.050" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16090" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16091" CreationDate="2018-03-27T22:09:32.080" Score="1" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;Context: They're talking about some newly developed equipment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Опробуй&lt;/strong&gt; их разок, а?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The speaker used &quot;опробовать&quot;, but how does &quot;попробовать&quot; compare?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Попробуй&lt;/strong&gt; их разок, а?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given that the prefix &quot;о-&quot; imparts the meaning of &quot;to the full extent&quot;, does  &quot;опробовать&quot; express the idea of &quot;testing/experimenting with something thoroughly&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-03-27T22:47:15.880" Title="&quot;опробовать&quot; vs &quot;попробовать&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16090" CreationDate="2018-03-27T22:47:15.880" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &lt;code&gt;опробовать&lt;/code&gt; means something like &lt;code&gt;try out&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;make a test of&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;make an experiment with&lt;/code&gt; some &lt;strong&gt;new&lt;/strong&gt; equipment, solution, approach.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Also &lt;code&gt;опробовать&lt;/code&gt; relates to a noun:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Опробовать &lt;em&gt;noun&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Опробовать оборудование / решение / подход.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Попробовать&lt;/code&gt; has a wider meaning: &lt;code&gt;try&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;try out&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;taste of&lt;/code&gt; almost everything.&#xA;Typically used as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Попробовать [&lt;em&gt;verb&lt;/em&gt;] &lt;em&gt;noun&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Попробовать [&lt;em&gt;съесть&lt;/em&gt;] мясо.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Попробовать [&lt;em&gt;использовать&lt;/em&gt;] другую отвертку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And a verb is very often omitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also it may be used to express a threat:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Только попробуй [&lt;em&gt;do smth&lt;/em&gt;]!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2018-03-27T22:47:15.880" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16092" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16097" CreationDate="2018-03-28T00:31:34.017" Score="2" ViewCount="1642" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a bit fuzzy on the usage of these three words -- specifically when they are used for emphasis in the sense of &quot;so much / such&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How are these two nuanced:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) &lt;strong&gt;Такая&lt;/strong&gt; жара! {vs} &lt;strong&gt;Какая&lt;/strong&gt; жара! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it impossible to say &quot;Он так яркий, что ...&quot; here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Он &lt;strong&gt;такой&lt;/strong&gt; яркий, что я не могу на него смотреть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the emphatic meaning of  &quot;How + (adjective/adverb) !&quot; in English, can only &quot;какой&quot; be used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) &lt;strong&gt;Какой&lt;/strong&gt; обидчивый. = How touchy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is it impossible to say &quot;Такое плохо?&quot; here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4) &lt;strong&gt;Так&lt;/strong&gt; плохо? = Is it that bad?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-03-29T03:03:03.210" LastActivityDate="2018-03-29T03:03:03.210" Title="When to use &quot;такой&quot;, &quot;какой&quot; or &quot;так&quot; respectively for emphasis?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16093" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16094" CreationDate="2018-03-28T01:58:21.293" Score="3" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the sources I've checked, only numbers from 1 to 4 have an animate ending (meaning that the accusative case will be the same as the genitive, endingwise). Numbers from 5 upward will have a common accusative for both animate and inanimate nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in compound numerals, all components decline... what if I want to decline a number like 21, 22?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since 1 and 2 also have an agreement in gender, will 1 and 2 decline as animate numerals, whereas &quot;20&quot; declines the usual way? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: What would be an animate accusative of &lt;strong&gt;двадцать одна&lt;/strong&gt; (admitting that the agreement in gender happens)? &lt;strong&gt;Двадцать одну&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;strong&gt;двадцать один&lt;/strong&gt;? Does it become &lt;strong&gt;двадцать одного&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-03-28T13:34:22.877" Title="Mixed animate and inanimate?" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16093" CreationDate="2018-03-28T07:45:45.673" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &lt;strong&gt;двадцать одна&lt;/strong&gt; becomes &lt;strong&gt;двадцать одну&lt;/strong&gt; in the accusative and &lt;strong&gt;двадцать один&lt;/strong&gt; will be either &lt;strong&gt;двадцать одного&lt;/strong&gt; if it qualifies an animate noun or &lt;strong&gt;двадцать один&lt;/strong&gt; if inanimate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Компания приняла на работу &lt;strong&gt;двадцать одного&lt;/strong&gt; человека.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Компания приобрела &lt;strong&gt;двадцать один&lt;/strong&gt; компьютер.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With 22, 23 and 24 the inanimate pattern is more preferable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Компания приняла на работу &lt;strong&gt;двадцать два&lt;/strong&gt; человека (less preferably: &lt;strong&gt;двадцать двух&lt;/strong&gt; человек).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Компания приобрела &lt;strong&gt;двадцать два&lt;/strong&gt; компьютера.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Animacy, gender &lt;em&gt;and number&lt;/em&gt; are dictated by the noun. Yes, you can say 'one' in plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Купи &lt;strong&gt;одни&lt;/strong&gt; ножницы. = Buy one pair of scissors.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он не курит уже &lt;strong&gt;двадцать одни&lt;/strong&gt; сутки.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, there is no grammatically acceptable way of saying &lt;strong&gt;22 сутки&lt;/strong&gt; (or 23, or 24). 25 and up are OK: &lt;strong&gt;двадцать пять суток.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-03-28T13:34:22.877" LastActivityDate="2018-03-28T13:34:22.877" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16095" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-03-28T10:39:27.497" Score="2" ViewCount="66" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a bit puzzled as to the correct inflection of the word &lt;strong&gt;процент&lt;/strong&gt; in a phrase such as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;в 2,4 процент(?) случаев&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grammatically in the fractional part of fraction numerals &lt;strong&gt;процент&lt;/strong&gt; must be inflected in singular Genitive - &lt;strong&gt;4 десятых процента&lt;/strong&gt;. But then the phrase in question would sound a little odd&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;в двух целых, четырёх десятых процентА случаев&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;because &lt;strong&gt;процент&lt;/strong&gt; is preceded by all words with flexions ending with &quot;&lt;strong&gt;X&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and kind of awkwardly stands out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is this correct or should it instead be changed into ungrammatical but euphonically preferable &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;в двух целых, четырёх десятых процентАХ случаев&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-03-28T11:25:43.957" LastActivityDate="2018-03-28T11:34:36.117" Title="Inflection of fraction numerals of per cents with nouns (в 2,4 процента? -ах? случаев)" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;inflection&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16095" CreationDate="2018-03-28T11:03:41.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://numeralonline.ru/#fractional&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;numeralonline.ru: &lt;em&gt;Склонение дробных числительных&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Склонение дробных числительных&#xA;  Примеры дробных числительных: одна вторая, семь сотых, полтора.&#xA;  Дробное числительное состоит из двух частей: числитель дроби (количественное числительное, обозначающее целое число) и знаменатель дроби (порядковое числительное). Если числитель заканчивается на цифру «один», то вместо неё используется «одна». Цифра «два» заменяется на «две». Сравните: одна пятая, две пятых, три пятых, четыре пятых.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Изменяются по падежам обе части в соответствии со склонением количественных и порядковых числительных. Знаменатель склоняется как порядковое числительное во множественном числе: к трем пятым (д.п.), с двумя пятыми (тв.п.). Или как порядковое числительное в единственном числе женского рода, если числитель оканчивается на 1: к одной пятой, вижу двадцать одну тридцать седьмую. При обозначении количества существительное при дробном числительном употребляется в родительном падеже: от одной седьмой участка, к двум седьмым площади прямоугольника.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also: &lt;a href=&quot;http://licey.net/free/4-russkii_yazyk/41-kurs_russkogo_yazyka_russkii_yazyk_i_kultura_obscheniya/stages/783-33_nekotorye_osobennosti_soglasovaniya.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;licey.net: &lt;em&gt;Некоторые особенности согласования&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://evartist.narod.ru/text1/59.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;evartist.narod.ru: &lt;em&gt;п.8&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Правильными являются конструкции 35,5 процента (не ...процентов), 12,6 километра (не ...километров), т.е. при смешанном числе существительным управляет дробь, а не целое число. Также: 45,0 (сорок пять и ноль десятых) секунды, 67/8 (шесть и семь восьмых) метра и т.п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://school-assistant.ru/?predmet=russian&amp;amp;theme=drobnie_chislitelnie&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;school-assistant.ru&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Порядковое числительное в обозначениях дробных чисел&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  употребляется в форме Р.п. мн. числа: три четвёртых, шесть восьмых.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Существительные при сочетаниях, обозначающих дробные числа,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  употребляются в форме Р. п. ед. числа: две третьих часа, пять сотых грамма. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Получается, что правильно так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;в 2,4 процент&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; случаев&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-03-28T11:34:36.117" LastActivityDate="2018-03-28T11:34:36.117" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16097" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16092" CreationDate="2018-03-28T20:09:37.530" Score="5" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As for emphatic sentences, to my mind there isn't much difference in the following &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Такая жара! (Such hot weather we are having!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Какая жара! (What hot weather we are having!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2 Он &lt;strong&gt;такой&lt;/strong&gt; яркий, что я не могу на него смотреть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have an adjective in the full form,  so for the emphasis use the full form of &quot;такой&quot;.&#xA;Though It's impossible to use &quot;так&quot; to emphasize a full adjective, you can use it before a short form, but you can't use &quot;такой&quot; here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt; ярок, что я не могу на него смотреть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 For the emphatic meaning of &quot;How + (adjective/adverb) !&quot; in English, can only &quot;какой&quot; be used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It depends on what exactly comes after &quot;how&quot;, in case it is a full adjective, you use &quot;какой&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Какой обидчивый!= How touchy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have a short adjective,  use &quot;как&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Посмотрите, как (он ) обидчив!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have an adverb,  also use &quot;как&quot;, &quot;так&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как плохо! Так плохо?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Плохо&quot; is an adverb. Not a noun, so &quot;какое&quot;and &quot;такое&quot; are impossible. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Такое/какое can be used either with full adjectives or nouns in the neutral gender. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Какое/такое горе! Какое/такое огромное!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ask the last question separately , because it has nothing to do with the emphasis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-03-28T20:09:37.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16098" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16099" CreationDate="2018-03-29T03:11:54.883" Score="3" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А что в них &lt;strong&gt;такого&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;особенного&lt;/strong&gt;? = And what's so special about it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm familiar with the use of Genitive in a negative construction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не увидел я в них &lt;strong&gt;ничего такого особенного&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or: &lt;strong&gt;Ничего такого особенного&lt;/strong&gt; в них нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder why you need Genitive in this interrogative sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-29T06:41:58.473" Title="What is the rationale for using the genitive &quot;такого&quot; in &quot;что в них такого особенного&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16098" CreationDate="2018-03-29T06:38:50.593" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sentence is of a phraseological sort, where the components have got individual  idiomatic relationship, which doesn't correspond to usual rules. The sentence starts with a question word after which you can find either &lt;strong&gt;a noun&lt;/strong&gt; (толк, прок, польза, радость,  выгода), &lt;strong&gt;a quality adjective&lt;/strong&gt; (like in our case), or the pronoun &quot;&lt;strong&gt;такой&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. All &lt;strong&gt;in the genitive&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что толку?(what's the use?). Что нового?(What's new?) Что такого?(What's of that?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such questions or exclamations are often rhetorical or asking about some quality or situation in general. They can be emphasized by particles. More examples &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что пользы спорить? Что же здесь особенного?Да что же тут такого? Ну что в тебе испанского? Что же тут обидного? Ну что новенького в городе, что интересного?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-03-29T06:38:50.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16098" CreationDate="2018-03-29T06:41:58.473" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;We got a bunch of cases and use them to express shades of meaning. Genitive is used for direct object instead of accusative in some situations. This is just one of them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps it originates from &lt;strong&gt;Что в них есть из особенного?&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;What it has from the list of unusual qualities?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt; like &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; is an indicator of genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way people colloquially often say something like &lt;strong&gt;Что тебе купить из одежды?&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;What clothes do you want me to buy?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-03-29T06:41:58.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16101" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16102" CreationDate="2018-03-29T10:32:34.510" Score="6" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я уже несколько раз &lt;strong&gt;доказала&lt;/strong&gt; тебе, что ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{instead of}: Я уже несколько раз &lt;strong&gt;доказывала&lt;/strong&gt; тебе, что ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was under the impression that you should use an imperfective verb to express the idea of something happening multiple times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder why a perfective verb is used in this instance. Does the adverb &amp;quot;уже&amp;quot; have anything to do with it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-29T20:16:49.757" Title="Why use the perfective &quot;доказать&quot;, not the imperfective &quot;доказывать&quot;, despite &quot;несколько раз&quot; referring to repeated actions?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16101" CreationDate="2018-03-29T10:39:24.153" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the first example the narrator states that she succeeded in proving something several times, in the second one she states that she attempted to prove something several times (and her attempts might or might not have failed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These sentences can be translated into English like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I have proved to you several times that …&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I have been proving to you several times that …&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perfective verbs in Russian are about state transition, i.e. if an action is described by a perfective verb it is assumed it has lead to some kind of outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imperfective verbs are about state, i.e. they describe the action itself, without focusing on its outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2018-03-29T20:05:46.343" LastActivityDate="2018-03-29T20:05:46.343" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16101" CreationDate="2018-03-29T13:31:03.230" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was under the impression that you should use an imperfective verb to express the idea of something happening multiple times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not quite correct. Imperfective is used to express the idea of unfullfilled, ongoing, unfinished etc. actions. It does not mean that this action happens multiple times:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Андрей смотрел в окно (&lt;em&gt;Andrey looked out of the window&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can not say how many times Andrey looked out of the windows. In fact, the sentence in this form even implies that this was a single-time action (which lasted for some time).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And perfective aspect doesn't mean that the action was performed only once. It's always possible to specify how many times the action was done:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Андрей посмотрел в окно три раза (&lt;em&gt;Andrey looked out of the windows three times&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Елена перешла улицу пять раз (&lt;em&gt;Elena crossed the street five times&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-29T20:16:49.757" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16104" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16105" CreationDate="2018-03-29T18:43:20.017" Score="3" ViewCount="60" Body="&lt;p&gt;My Russian for beginners textbook has (it describes a shopping mall) the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;..., а также есть книжный и ювелирный магазины. (In case it's relevant, I can also provide the first part of the sentence.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are &quot;книжный&quot; and &quot;ювелирный&quot; in the singular, but &quot;магазины&quot; in the plural? To confirm that it's not a mistake, I also googled for &quot;книжный магазины&quot; and got many results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10412" LastActivityDate="2018-03-29T19:52:46.030" Title="Adjective in singular, noun in plural" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16104" CreationDate="2018-03-29T19:02:25.340" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When we have &lt;strong&gt;two shops&lt;/strong&gt; it's obvious we say &lt;strong&gt;магазины&lt;/strong&gt;. But the shops are different.  One shop sells books, the other sells jewellery. In Russian we don't repeat one noun twice in the same sentence. You can't say книжный магазин и ювелирный магазин. The repeated noun is considered &lt;strong&gt;redundant&lt;/strong&gt;,  so we unite the shops showing the quality separately. Since the quality adjectives belong to each shop we preserve them in the singular. That is logical. So as a result we have &lt;strong&gt;книжный&lt;/strong&gt; (the first) &lt;strong&gt;и ювелирный&lt;/strong&gt; (the second) &lt;strong&gt;магазины&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-03-29T19:52:46.030" LastActivityDate="2018-03-29T19:52:46.030" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16106" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16109" CreationDate="2018-03-29T20:38:39.073" Score="8" ViewCount="237" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does the expression in bold mean? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Человек, лишенный матраца, — жалок. Он не существует. Он не платит налогов, не имеет жены, &lt;strong&gt;знакомые не занимают ему денег до среды&lt;/strong&gt;, ...(From Ch. 19 &lt;em&gt;Двенадцать стульев&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can see it means &lt;code&gt;his acquaintences don't lend him money until Wednesday&lt;/code&gt;. So, what does that mean? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="487" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2018-03-29T20:45:06.187" LastActivityDate="2018-03-30T18:40:21.183" Title="Дать кому денег до среды (From Двенадцать стульев). What does that mean?" Tags="&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16107" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16113" CreationDate="2018-03-30T01:29:34.170" Score="3" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &lt;em&gt;Ваша комната лучше нашей&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Ваша комната лучше чем наша&lt;/em&gt; ? Are these interchangeable? If so, when should I use the construction «чем + nominative» instead of the genitive case? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastActivityDate="2018-03-30T09:42:43.817" Title="чем + nominative vs genitive" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16108" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16111" CreationDate="2018-03-30T03:55:25.280" Score="3" ViewCount="241" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;плеваться желчью в&lt;/strong&gt; кого-н&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this expression usually used figuratively rather than in a literal sense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On another note: Why does &quot;желчь&quot; take the instrumental case here, instead of the accusative? Is it because of a reflexive verb?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-03-31T00:20:10.040" Title="&quot;плеваться желчью в кого-н&quot;: Is this a colloquial figurative expression to refer to someone arguing furiously?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16106" CreationDate="2018-03-30T03:58:38.897" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Знакомые не занимают ему денег до среды (his acquaintances don't lend him money &quot;till Wednesday &quot;(even for a short period of time)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you ask someone to lend you some money, you usually promise to pay it back and name the day. It doesn't matter what day is mentioned. But it means that the person is so poor (having nothing to sleep on) and he can't be relied on.He won't be able to return the sum, when he promised to do it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-03-30T05:42:12.360" LastActivityDate="2018-03-30T05:42:12.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16107" CreationDate="2018-03-30T04:04:19.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ваша комната лучше нашей and Ваша комната лучше, чем наша.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These sentences are interchangeable, meaning absolutely the same. It's just an example of different descriptions of the same idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-03-30T04:04:19.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16108" CreationDate="2018-03-30T06:48:21.787" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Желчь figuratively means &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;раздражение, язвительность, злость ( irritation, annoyance, anger, acrimony ) &#xA;  The usage is figurative, (an idiom &quot;излить/изливать желчь&quot; is more common )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;После возвратных глаголов никогда не употребляются недушевленные имена существительные в винительном падеже, (Reflexive verbs never take an inanimate  noun in the accusative )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With animate nouns the situation is different. It's normal to use accusative in colloquial speech,but not in the written speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он всегда слушается мать и отца.(colloquial).Слушайся Анну.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-03-30T07:05:51.763" LastActivityDate="2018-03-30T07:05:51.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16112" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16114" CreationDate="2018-03-30T08:27:38.660" Score="3" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;прийти мне в &lt;strong&gt;голову&lt;/strong&gt; = « me venir à l'&lt;strong&gt;esprit&lt;/strong&gt; »&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;с кривой &lt;strong&gt;душой&lt;/strong&gt; =  « à  l'&lt;strong&gt;esprit&lt;/strong&gt; torturé »&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в своем &lt;strong&gt;уме&lt;/strong&gt; = « sain d'&lt;strong&gt;esprit&lt;/strong&gt;  »&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm a bit fuzzy on the difference in usage between these three synonyms, especially as you can express each of them with the noun « esprit {mind} » in French.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To my mind, &amp;quot;голова&amp;quot; seems to be about what you are thinking, while &amp;quot;душа&amp;quot; centres round your feelings, even your personalities, whereas &amp;quot;ум&amp;quot; refers to  your intellect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to when to use which of the three, I wonder if they are ultimately linked to their corresponding idiomatic expressions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T21:28:22.277" Title="Difference in usage between &quot;голова&quot;, &quot;душа&quot; and &quot;ум&quot; when referring to one's mind" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16107" CreationDate="2018-03-30T09:42:43.817" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;They're interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vernacular somewhat prefers &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt; — in line with how less inflecting, more analytical constructions tend to fare better colloquially. That doesn't mark the genitive construction as bookish, it sees everyday use too. However, the genitive often carries an added meaning of an implied &quot;even&quot; (&quot;even better&quot;, etc.). In other words, you're likely to hear &lt;strong&gt;Ваша комната &lt;em&gt;лучше&lt;/em&gt;, чем наша&lt;/strong&gt; but &lt;strong&gt;Ваша комната лучше &lt;em&gt;нашей&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — I'm using italics to show where the emphasis goes. Again, this isn't set in stone, it's just a tendency.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-03-30T09:42:43.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16112" CreationDate="2018-03-30T10:53:26.497" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your assumptions are generally correct. In your examples the words are used figuratively. There're some set phrases with them, so you usually say &lt;em&gt;сломать голову&lt;/em&gt; and very rarely &lt;em&gt;сломать ум&lt;/em&gt;, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Голова&lt;/strong&gt; mainly means &lt;em&gt;a head&lt;/em&gt;, a part of a body, but figuratively may be used as a synonym of &lt;strong&gt;ум&lt;/strong&gt; (thinking ability) in several set phrases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Прийти в голову&lt;/em&gt; (also &lt;em&gt;прийти на ум&lt;/em&gt;) - spring to mind &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сломать голову&lt;/em&gt; - tie oneself into knots (if someone injures his head you use the verb &lt;strong&gt;разбить&lt;/strong&gt; instead).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Душа&lt;/strong&gt; - literally the spiritual part of a person. But also used to refer to person's inner character and feelings. In older days mental disorders were referred as &lt;strong&gt;душевные болезни&lt;/strong&gt; (hence &lt;strong&gt;душевнобольной&lt;/strong&gt; - the word is still in use).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он добрая душа/у него добрая душа&lt;/em&gt; - he is a good-natured person&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня душа болит&lt;/em&gt; - I take [it] very personally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ум&lt;/strong&gt; - intellect and figuratively also sanity. As if when you lose your intellect you become insane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сойти с ума&lt;/em&gt; - become demented; go mad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В своем уме&lt;/em&gt; - sane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-03-30T10:53:26.497" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16116" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16117" CreationDate="2018-03-30T16:42:45.490" Score="5" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;When can I use superlatives like  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;наи&lt;/strong&gt;лучший&lt;/em&gt;  instead of the word &lt;em&gt;самый&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I had to guess I'd say that the former is slightly more bookish but I'm not really sure.&#xA;Usually I'd just use something like &lt;em&gt;самый лучший&lt;/em&gt;. So the question is: which variant is more commonly used in everyday speech?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastActivityDate="2018-03-30T17:08:45.590" Title="Superlatives with the prefix наи" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16116" CreationDate="2018-03-30T17:08:45.590" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, &lt;code&gt;&quot;наи-&quot;&lt;/code&gt; adjectives are indeed poetic or bookish. &lt;code&gt;&quot;Самый ...&quot;&lt;/code&gt; is not only more broadly used, it's virtually always the safe choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This prefix can be used with adjectives that are in superlative form and can be applied to a human &lt;code&gt;&quot;наилучший&quot;&lt;/code&gt;/&quot;the best&quot; , &lt;code&gt;&quot;наимудрейший&quot;&lt;/code&gt;/&quot;the most wise&quot;. Adjectives that normally can't be applied to a human (like &lt;code&gt;&quot;наимягчайший&quot;&lt;/code&gt;/&quot;the softest&quot;, &lt;code&gt;&quot;наисложнейший&quot;&lt;/code&gt;/&quot;the most difficult&quot;) are seeing even more rare use, and I wouldn't advise a non-fluent speaker to ever use those.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-03-30T17:08:45.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16106" CreationDate="2018-03-30T18:20:57.080" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could it be that around the time the novel was written Wednesday was a common employees' payday until which people would usually borrow money, just like today they do so until monthly wage payday?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That would mean that salary could have been paid out weekly or biweekly back then. Although i personally have never heard of this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-03-30T18:20:57.080" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16106" CreationDate="2018-03-30T18:40:21.183" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...мы удивляемся, как ни один предприимчивый издатель не выпустил до сих пор в свет &amp;quot;Самоучителя одесского языка&amp;quot; на пользу приезжим.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Без знания одесского языка тут вас ждёт масса водевильных недоразумений и чисто опереточных qui pro quo.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;— Советую вам познакомиться с monsieur Игрек: он всегда готов занять денег!&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;— Позвольте! Но что ж тут хорошего? Человек, который занимает деньги!&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;— Как! Человек, который занимает деньги? Это такой милый, любезный...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Ничего не вижу в этом ни милого, ни любезного.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;— Это такой почтенный человек. Его за это любит и уважает весь город.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&amp;quot;Чёрт возьми! — думаете вы. — Как, однако, здесь легко прослыть почтенным. Начну-ка и я занимать направо и налево, чтоб меня любил и уважал весь город!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Но при первой же попытке &amp;quot;занять&amp;quot; вы поймёте ошибку. Везде занимать значит &amp;quot;занимать&amp;quot;, т. е. брать взаймы.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;И только в Одессе &amp;quot;занять&amp;quot; значит дать взаймы.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;— Я занял ему сто рублей...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Влас Дорошевич &amp;quot;Одесский язык&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9795" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-03-30T18:40:21.183" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16108" CreationDate="2018-03-31T00:20:10.040" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I might be flawed, but can't this be directly translated as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;spitting bile&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in the sense of &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;his response was full of bile and hatred&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh, and I'd attribute &lt;code&gt;-ся&lt;/code&gt; to &quot;own&quot; bile, it's not someone's else bile that gets figuratively thrown around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2018-03-31T00:20:10.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16121" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-01T14:34:52.140" Score="3" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found a source saying that the partner of падать is both упасть and пасть, so I was wondering what the difference between these two words is. So far I could only find a post explaining the difference between падать and упасть (the first one is perfective and the second one is imperfective) but I couldn't find anything on the difference between пасть and упасть (though упасть seems to be more commonly used).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10420" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-29T19:20:46.893" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T19:20:46.893" Title="Difference between &quot;пасть&quot; and &quot;упасть&quot;" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16122" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16121" CreationDate="2018-04-01T16:05:13.423" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пасть&lt;/strong&gt; came to be a lofty metaphorical term, covering probably all cases where falling is used as a lofty metaphor:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;of a slain combatant (&lt;strong&gt;пасть в бою&lt;/strong&gt;);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;of a city, kingdom, etc. (&lt;strong&gt;Рим пал&lt;/strong&gt;);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;of an overthrown ruler (&lt;strong&gt;тиран пал&lt;/strong&gt;);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;of decline into depravity (&lt;strong&gt;как низко ты пал!&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Упасть&lt;/strong&gt; is for everyday falls, mostly literal, but also e.g. of stocks or currencies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like the imperfective &lt;strong&gt;падать&lt;/strong&gt;, the verbal noun &lt;strong&gt;падение&lt;/strong&gt; is shared between the two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-04-01T16:05:13.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16123" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16128" CreationDate="2018-04-01T16:06:24.753" Score="3" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am wondering why the genitive case for ветер is ветра instead of &quot;ветера&quot;. Is there any rule behind this instance? Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9821" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T09:32:31.693" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T09:32:31.693" Title="&quot;Ветер&quot; in genitive - why &quot;ветра&quot;, not &quot;ветера&quot;?" Tags="&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;&lt;беглая-гласная&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16121" CreationDate="2018-04-01T16:07:05.570" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;friend. If we are talking about пасть as about a verb this word should be understood as a sublime and outdated word something like &quot;face downwards&quot; in front of powerful person - пасть ниц. Although, it is really rare in common life&#xA;But if пасть is a noun we translate it as &quot;jaws&quot;.&#xA;Prefixes are probably the most important thing in Russian because they change a verb absolutely. Some examples:&#xA;Быть           to be&#xA;Прибыть    to arrive&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бежать      to run&#xA;Забежать  to make a short visit&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Знать         to know&#xA;Узнать       to recognize &#xA;Признать  to admit&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I really hope that I helped you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10421" LastActivityDate="2018-04-01T16:07:05.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16123" CreationDate="2018-04-01T16:32:56.780" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, this missing letter is just an exception. But there are exceptions for some plural nouns' endings like:&#xA;Учи́тель - учителя́    (Род. падеж for singular - учи́теля)&#xA;Дом -  дома́               (Род. падеж for singular - до́ма)&#xA;Вечер - вечера́          (Род. падеж for singular - ве́чера) &#xA;Ветер - ветрá             (Род. падеж for singular - ве́тра)&#xA;As you can see in these words the stress syllable also changes. &#xA;Although, if we follow the rules the words should have become &quot;учи́тели&quot;, &quot;до́мы&quot; and &quot;ве́черы&quot; - but these words do not sound good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10421" LastActivityDate="2018-04-01T16:32:56.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16123" CreationDate="2018-04-01T16:42:00.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://orfogrammka.ru/%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F/%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%85_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;extra&lt;/a&gt; vowel (mobile vowel) may appear in the grammatical cases when a noun has no ending. But you can't say for sure if it does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example this mobile vowel disappears in all cases except nominative, not just genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, you should just memorize such words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastEditorUserId="9001" LastEditDate="2018-04-01T16:49:51.823" LastActivityDate="2018-04-01T16:49:51.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16127" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16131" CreationDate="2018-04-01T19:03:42.330" Score="3" ViewCount="166" Body="&lt;p&gt;While studying the 1st and 2nd conjugations of the verbs in the present tense I noticed something. &#xA;Generally speaking, verbs ending in -ить belong to the 2nd conjugation while the rest of them belong to the 1st. Of course there are exceptions such as брить or видеть. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb обидеть is also an exception since it belongs to the 2nd conjugation. What I noticed is that this is a perfect verb and its imperfect pair is обижать, which clearly belongs to the 1st conjugation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question:&lt;/strong&gt; is this an isolated case or one can say that, in general, the imperfect verb also &quot;predicts&quot; the conjugation of its perfect pair. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My knowledge is quite limited and therefore I couldn't come up with examples. Such cases must be rare since the perfect/imperfect pair usually differs by a prefix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9821" LastEditorUserId="9821" LastEditDate="2018-04-01T19:11:30.887" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T08:39:33.127" Title="Спряжения - обижать/обидеть" Tags="&lt;спряжение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16123" CreationDate="2018-04-01T19:37:23.170" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The disappearing vowel is called a fleeting / mobile vowel («беглая» гласная). Some words have them, most don't. If a noun has a fleeting vowel, then it will obey these rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A fleeting vowel can only appear between two consonants (&lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt; being a consonant). It is always the last vowel in the stem of the word. A stem is the part that is left when throwing away any endings: ветер has the stem вет&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;р, кошка has the stem кош&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;к (with a fleeting &lt;strong&gt;-е-&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A word form has a fleeting vowel only if the ending is null or begins with a consonant: люб&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;вь (null) - любви́ (vowel) - люб&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;вью (consonant - phonetically &lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt;у).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If there is a consonant cluster to the left of a vowel, the vowel is kept in all cases: бегл&lt;b&gt;е́&lt;/b&gt;ц - бегл&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;ца́ (compare to гон&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;ц - гонца́), лж&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;ц - лж&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;ца́.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fleeting vowels historically formed after the &lt;a href=&quot;http://russianmentor.net/gram/mailbag/topics/phon2.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Fall of the Jers&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;падение редуцированных&lt;/a&gt;) in 11-13 centuries AD.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the big question is, how does one tell if a word has a fleeting vowel? There is no definitive answer but a few patterns do stand out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Masculine nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ending in &lt;strong&gt;-ец&lt;/strong&gt;: кон&lt;b&gt;е́&lt;/b&gt;ц - конца́, па́л&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;ц - па́льца, бо&lt;strong&gt;е́&lt;/strong&gt;ц - бойца́;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ending in &lt;strong&gt;-ень&lt;/strong&gt;: па́р&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;нь - па́рня, ко́р&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;нь - ко́рня, ка́м&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;нь - ка́мня, п&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;нь - пня;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ending in &lt;strong&gt;-ок/-ек/-ёк&lt;/strong&gt;: зам&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;к - замка, замоч&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;к - замочка, звер&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;к - зверька́, ча&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;к - чайка́;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ending in &lt;strong&gt;-ей&lt;/strong&gt;: мурав&lt;b&gt;е́&lt;/b&gt;й - муравья́, вороб&lt;b&gt;е́&lt;/b&gt;й - воробья́, у́л&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;й - у́лья;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ending in &lt;strong&gt;-ёл&lt;/strong&gt;: ор&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;л - орла́, ос&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;л - осла́, коз&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;л - козла́, кот&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;л - котла́;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Quite a few odd ones: с&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;н - сна, р&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;т - рта, л&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;в - льва, м&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;х - мха, у́г&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;л - угла́, у́г&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;ль - угля́, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feminine and neuter nouns may get a fleeting vowel in &lt;strong&gt;genitive plural&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;consonant + &lt;strong&gt;ка&lt;/strong&gt;: ко́шка - кош&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;к, ба́нка - ба́н&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;к, селёдка - селёд&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;к, ко́йка - ко́&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;к;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;consonant + &lt;strong&gt;ня&lt;/strong&gt;: ви́шня - виш&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;н, ба́шня - ба́ш&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;н, дере́вня - дерев&lt;b&gt;е́&lt;/b&gt;нь; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;consonant + &lt;strong&gt;ья&lt;/strong&gt;: семья́ - сем&lt;b&gt;е́&lt;/b&gt;й, статья́ - стат&lt;b&gt;е́&lt;/b&gt;й, судья́ - су́д&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;й;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;consonant + &lt;strong&gt;ьё&lt;/strong&gt;: ружьё - ру́ж&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;й, копьё - ко́п&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;й;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;са́бля - са́б&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;ль, ка́пля - ка́п&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;ль, сопло́ - со́п&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;л, дупло́ - ду́п&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;л;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-сло&lt;/strong&gt;: ма́сло - мас&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;л, ремесло́ - ремёс&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;л;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-дро&lt;/strong&gt;: ведро́ - вёд&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;р, бедро́ - бёд&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;р;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Odd ones: яйцо́ - я&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ц, ку́кла - ку́кол, серьга́ - сер&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;г, кочерга́ - кочер&lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;г, в&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;шь - вши.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice how &lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt; is lost in writing but is still pronounced: га́йка - га́ек (га[jе]к), ле́йка - ле́ек (ле[jе]к).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fleeting vowels also exist in verbs (брать - б&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;ру́, звать - з&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;ву́), adjectives (кра́ткий - кра́т&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;к, ну́жный - ну́ж&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;н), pronouns (в&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;сь - всего́), prefixes (вз&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;браться - взберусь) and prepositions (к нему - к&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; мне).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Outside of these patterns telling if a word has a fleeting vowel is difficult: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ве́т&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;р - ве́тра &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ка́тер - ка́тера&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When in doubt, use a dictionary or &lt;a href=&quot;http://morpher.ru?s=%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this tool&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T09:17:32.863" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T09:17:32.863" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16129" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16130" CreationDate="2018-04-01T20:36:33.067" Score="3" ViewCount="909" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found some words in &lt;a href=&quot;https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-russian/outside_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cambridge dictionary&lt;/a&gt; but it is not clear to me when to use each one of them and how: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;снаружи, вне, за пределами, под&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I have some examples: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There is no students &lt;strong&gt;outside&lt;/strong&gt; the class (car, bus, metro). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is in the box or &lt;strong&gt;outside&lt;/strong&gt; the box.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wait me please &lt;strong&gt;outside&lt;/strong&gt; the room, I will call you when your turn comes. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T21:04:09.203" Title="How to translate &quot;outside&quot; into Russian language?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16129" CreationDate="2018-04-01T21:19:29.737" Score="9" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are no students outside the class - Вне класса / Снаружи студентов нет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is in the box or outside the box - Это в коробке или вне коробки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please wait outside the room - Подожди, пожалуйста, за пределами/вне комнаты / снаружи&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;За пределами&lt;/strong&gt; is mainly used with objects denoting large spaces and which have formal boundaries. It's a more technical preposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Снаружи&lt;/strong&gt; normally doesn't require an object, i.e. used by itself, the object is implied being derived from the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Out of the three &lt;strong&gt;cнаружи&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;вне&lt;/strong&gt; are the most usable in mundane speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Под&lt;/strong&gt; is synonymous with the other three in the context of relative disposition of cities and suburbs when cities proper names are mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы живём &lt;strong&gt;под&lt;/strong&gt; Москвой - We live &lt;strong&gt;outside&lt;/strong&gt; Moscow&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;But&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We live &lt;strong&gt;outside&lt;/strong&gt; the city - Мы живём &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; городом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Под&lt;/strong&gt; also can be translated as &lt;strong&gt;outside&lt;/strong&gt; in the sense of &lt;strong&gt;in front of / near&lt;/strong&gt; a building, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Встречаемся &lt;strong&gt;под&lt;/strong&gt; университетом &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;colloquial, poss. regional&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;- Let's meet up &lt;strong&gt;outside&lt;/strong&gt; of the university&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise it literally means &lt;strong&gt;under(neath)&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T18:26:36.543" CommentCount="16" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16127" CreationDate="2018-04-01T22:18:48.463" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Видеть&lt;/em&gt; isn't strictly speaking an exception as &lt;a href=&quot;http://school-assistant.ru/?predmet=russian&amp;amp;theme=sprjazenie_glagolov_5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;it's not alone&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides &lt;strong&gt;брить&lt;/strong&gt; another genuine exception from the 2nd conjugation verbs is &lt;a href=&quot;http://school-assistant.ru/?predmet=russian&amp;amp;theme=sprjazenie_glagolov_5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;стелить&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some infinitive forms of perfective and imperfective verbs differ not in prefix but in suffix, e.g.: &lt;strong&gt;принять-принимать&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;(+ other prefixes)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;найти-находить&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;(+ other prefixes)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;,  &lt;strong&gt;убить-убивать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;(+ other prefixes)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;зажечь-зажигать&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;(+ other prefixes)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;узнать-узнавать&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;(+ other prefixes)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;сдержать-сдерживать&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;(+ other prefixes)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;подчистить-подчищать&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;(+ other prefixes)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;проспать-просыпать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;замолчать-замалчивать&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;(+ other prefixes)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;расстелить-расстилать&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;(+ other prefixes)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The conjugation of perfective verbs in the aforementioned pairs is apparent in the future tense and for some of them it differs from the conjugation of their imperfective counterparts in present tense&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Imperf (present)&lt;/code&gt; &lt;sup&gt;(1st)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Perf (future)&lt;/code&gt; &lt;sup&gt;(2nd)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;2nd pers.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(sg)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;сдержива&lt;strong&gt;ешь&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;сдерж&lt;strong&gt;ишь&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;подчища&lt;strong&gt;ешь&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;подчист&lt;strong&gt;ишь&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;просыпа&lt;strong&gt;ешь&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;просп&lt;strong&gt;ишь&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;замалчива&lt;strong&gt;ешь&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;замолч&lt;strong&gt;ишь&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;расстила&lt;strong&gt;ешь&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;расстел&lt;strong&gt;ишь&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;3d pers.&lt;/code&gt; &lt;sup&gt;(pl)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;сдержива&lt;strong&gt;ют&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;сдерж&lt;strong&gt;ат&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;подчища&lt;strong&gt;ют&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;подчист&lt;strong&gt;ят&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;просыпа&lt;strong&gt;ют&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;просп&lt;strong&gt;ят&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;замалчива&lt;strong&gt;ют&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;замолч&lt;strong&gt;ат&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;расстила&lt;strong&gt;ют&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;расстел&lt;strong&gt;ят&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;strong&gt;обидеть-обижать&lt;/strong&gt; appears to not be an isolated case and nicely blends into this list because it's too comprised of a prefix and a variably suffixed stem (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0#%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;об + вид&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; OR &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;o + бед&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, depending on the etymology attributed to it).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And thus indication of the perfective verb conjugation by its imperfective counterpart isn't the general rule of thumb, but it can be for certain other group of verbs, like those whose perfective aspect is formed with a prefix because prefixes don't affect conjugation which is a function of ending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-04T08:39:33.127" LastActivityDate="2018-04-04T08:39:33.127" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16132" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2018-04-01T22:41:19.823" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-04-01T22:41:19.823" LastActivityDate="2018-04-01T22:41:19.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16133" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2018-04-01T22:41:19.823" Score="0" Body="Беглый гласный звук - звук, выпадающий при склонении и изменении формы слова" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-04-01T22:41:19.823" LastActivityDate="2018-04-01T22:41:19.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16134" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16135" CreationDate="2018-04-01T23:28:53.123" Score="3" ViewCount="97" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that, in order to tell &quot;people&quot; (plural) with no numerals, we must say &lt;strong&gt;люди&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Человек&lt;/strong&gt; is used either for singular with no numeral, or for plural with numerals. Consequently, 2/3/4 is followed by &lt;strong&gt;человека&lt;/strong&gt;, whereas from 5 upward it's once again &lt;strong&gt;человек&lt;/strong&gt;, a kind of irregular genitive plural with null ending (like the words &lt;em&gt;волос&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сапог&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;грузин&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like the word for person/people, the word for &quot;kid&quot; features two different roots, either for no-numeral plural (&lt;strong&gt;дети&lt;/strong&gt;, not counting the expression &lt;em&gt;трое детей&lt;/em&gt;) and for singular (&lt;strong&gt;ребёнок&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, which word should be used when trying to attach a numeral to the idea of &quot;kid&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 kids - два ребёнка?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5 kids - пять ребёнок?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-04-01T23:57:59.490" Title="Word for counting number of kids" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16134" CreationDate="2018-04-01T23:40:52.343" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Special cases for number of kids &lt;code&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;-&lt;code&gt;4&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Один ребёнок&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Два ребёнка&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;двое детей&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Три ребёнка&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;трое детей&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Четыре ребёнка&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;четверо детей&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For number of kids &lt;code&gt;5&lt;/code&gt;-&lt;code&gt;10&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пять (пятеро) детей&lt;/code&gt;.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Шесть (шестеро) детей&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For number of kids ending with &lt;code&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;-&lt;code&gt;4&lt;/code&gt; if number of tens is not equal to &lt;code&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;21&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Двадцать один ребёнок&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Двадцать два ребёнка&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Двадцать три ребёнка&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Двадцать четыре ребёнка&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And so on for (31-34, 41-44, ..., 101-104, 121-124, ...).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For all other number of kids:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;5. Пять детей&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;6. Шесть детей&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;36. Тридцать шесть детей&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;128. Сто двадцать восемь детей&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-04-01T23:57:59.490" LastActivityDate="2018-04-01T23:57:59.490" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16136" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-02T00:39:59.063" Score="7" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно написать это слово? Какие будут варианты? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо за ответы и комментарии. Хочу пояснить, что вопрос про орфографию, а не про географию. Сформулирую точнее: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как писать слова, образованные от основы на &lt;strong&gt;-й&lt;/strong&gt; (Алтай, Китай, юбилей...) с помощью приставки и суффикса [j], который на письме обычно передается через &lt;strong&gt;-ье&lt;/strong&gt; (Закавказье, Зауралье...)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я понимаю, что таких слов, возможно, и не существует, или они существуют только в окказиональном употреблении, так что на данный момент вопрос чисто теоретический.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-04-02T19:43:55.310" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T19:43:55.310" Title="Кавказ - Закавказье, Урал - Зауралье, Алтай -?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="11" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16137" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16140" CreationDate="2018-04-02T03:26:30.323" Score="5" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a sentence,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он видел вокруг красивые, живописные места, невысокие горы, леса, реку Волгу. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and translating is not hard, and I think the meaning is,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He saw beautiful, picturesque places, short mountains, forests around the Volga river.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I looked up the preposition (or adverb?) &lt;code&gt;вокруг&lt;/code&gt; and I see that two sources say the &lt;code&gt;genitive&lt;/code&gt; case comes afterwards. So I see that the forests, mountains and places are &lt;code&gt;direct objects&lt;/code&gt; of the verb &lt;code&gt;видел&lt;/code&gt;, hence &lt;code&gt;accusative&lt;/code&gt;, and I think these objects are seen &lt;em&gt;around&lt;/em&gt; the river, so these latter words (adj. and noun river) should be &lt;code&gt;genitive&lt;/code&gt;...?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess that, due to some freedom in word order, that the sentence could also be written as(?),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он видел красивые, живописные места, невысокие горы, леса, вокруг реку Волгу. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which more clearly (correctly?) associates the river to the preposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why not,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он видел вокруг красивые, живописные места, невысокие горы, леса, реки Волги. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as the proper sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T09:33:40.237" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T09:33:40.237" Title="Preposition вокруг (+ genitive) but sentence only has accusative nouns" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16137" CreationDate="2018-04-02T04:41:28.430" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He saw beautiful, picturesque places, short mountains, forests, the Volga river around himself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And no, the word order is not SO free.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7939" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-04-02T06:59:52.863" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T06:59:52.863" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16137" CreationDate="2018-04-02T04:44:26.210" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он видел вокруг &lt;strong&gt;красивые, живописные места, невысокие горы, леса, реку Волгу&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The accusative is correct, he saw (what?). &lt;strong&gt;Вокруг&lt;/strong&gt; here is an adverb, not a preposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Saw (where?) around, or nearby– вокруг. It isn't connected with the direct object in the accusative. Compare it with the following, where вокруг is a preposition &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Земля вращается вокруг солнца &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вокруг (чего?) солнца (genitive).A preposition can't stand far from the noun it belongs to. So, if it (вокруг) were a preposition, ( the nearest noun is места), but the sentence wouldn't make sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T04:44:26.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16141" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16142" CreationDate="2018-04-02T07:19:38.857" Score="5" ViewCount="134" Body="&lt;p&gt;As shown by the declension table for the noun version of слепой here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/слепой&lt;/a&gt; this word apparently is a noun (blind person) but declines like an adjective (prepositional case is слепом and not слепое* as I would expect under the rules I've seen, yet this is not marked as irregular on Wiktionary). Why? Is this a special case where an adjective can act as a noun but stays declining as an adjective?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10425" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T08:44:28.027" Title="Why does the noun слепой decline like an adjective?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16141" CreationDate="2018-04-02T08:44:28.027" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some adjectives that have become nouns as a result of dropping the nominal part of the noun phrase. These adjectives have the semantic meaning of the noun phrase and retain &lt;strong&gt;the gender of the dropped noun&lt;/strong&gt;, but keep their &lt;strong&gt;adjectival declension&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Русский,больной, ученый,мороженое,рабочий, насекомое, животное, шампанское.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T08:44:28.027" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16143" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16144" CreationDate="2018-04-02T10:57:56.027" Score="4" ViewCount="325" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно? В коммерческом предложении компании стоит пункт:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;По окочанию этапа: будет разработан веб сайт компании и разработан фирменный стиль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;По окочании этапа: будет разработан веб сайт компании и разработан фирменный стиль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10428" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T17:31:23.660" Title="'По окончании этапа' или 'по окончанию этапа'" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16143" CreationDate="2018-04-02T11:04:03.870" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;В данном контексте (в значении &quot;после окончания этапа&quot;) правильно: &lt;strong&gt;по окочании&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Подробнее: &lt;a href=&quot;http://russkiiyazyk.ru/orfografiya/pravopisanie/kak-pishetsya-po-okonchanii-ili-po-okonchaniyu.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ссылка1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://kak-pravilno.net/po-okonchanii-ili-po-okonchaniyu-kak-pravilno/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ссылка2&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;По окончани&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; — если мы говорим в контексте «после какого-либо события», тогда в конце слова пишется буква «и».&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  По окончани&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt; — если предложение строится в контексте «по признаку», тогда в конце слова пишется буква «ю».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-04-02T11:09:10.780" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T11:09:10.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16129" CreationDate="2018-04-02T11:12:28.977" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The literal word for outside is &lt;strong&gt;снаружи&lt;/strong&gt;, however its usage is mainly limited to something like &lt;strong&gt;boxes&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;containers&lt;/strong&gt;. It doesn't combine well with rooms and buildings, so proper translation in those two cases depends much on context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;outside (the room) - &lt;strong&gt;в коридоре, за дверью&lt;/strong&gt; (the latter is not polite&#xA;in a request to wait there);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;outside (the building) - &lt;strong&gt;на улице, у входа (в здание), у подъезда&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's raining outside. - &lt;strong&gt;На улице дождь.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T11:12:28.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16136" CreationDate="2018-04-02T11:45:01.603" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Такого слова нет. Наличие горной системы не предполагает автоматически, что существует образованное от него слово с приставкой &quot;за-&quot;. В случае Закавказья мы имеем исторически обосабливаемый регион, поэтому существование отдельного термина оправданно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Урал условно делит Россию на ту часть, что была в Русском царстве и ту, что стала российской на этапе Российской Империи. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То же самое с Закарпатьем или, например, с Припамирьем. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Территории за Алтаем же обособленного культурного, экономического или исторического единства всё-таки не составляли, поэтому слова типа Заалтайщина просто не случилось - нечего им было обозначать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть территории Монголии, Китая и Казахстана. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-04-02T12:13:09.257" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T12:13:09.257" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16136" CreationDate="2018-04-02T11:49:41.197" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you must, you can use generic &lt;code&gt;загорье&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T11:49:41.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16148" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-02T21:07:24.157" Score="7" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found two translations for &quot;&lt;strong&gt;instead of&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;: &lt;strong&gt;вместо&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;взамен&lt;/strong&gt;. What's the acceptable one for the following contexts? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to say for example that &quot;I want red instead of blue, house instead of apartment&quot;. &quot;I bought a fork instead of spoon.&quot;. Which of these two should I use?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;N.b. I found here &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/2167/how-to-say-instead-of-verb&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt;, but it deals with other question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-04-03T09:31:35.967" LastActivityDate="2018-04-05T06:08:13.250" Title="&quot;Вместо&quot; or &quot;взамен&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16148" CreationDate="2018-04-02T21:16:31.557" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;What fits in your examples is &lt;strong&gt;вместо&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Взамен&lt;/strong&gt; is used when you (wish to) replace something you already possess as &lt;strong&gt;заменить&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;to replace&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я поставил новый замок взамен старого&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or (expect to) receive something in return for what you share or offer&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sport-express.ru/football/france/news/prezident-pszh-my-uvazhaem-vse-kluby-i-ozhidaem-togo-zhe-vzamen-1307685/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Мы уважаем все клубы и ожидаем того же взамен&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-02T21:27:39.510" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T21:27:39.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16148" CreationDate="2018-04-02T23:14:16.333" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;взамен&lt;/strong&gt; emphasizes replacing or changing one thing to another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я купил скутер &lt;strong&gt;взамен&lt;/strong&gt; велосипеда. (I bought a scooter to replace a bike.)&#xA;He had the bike, but he bought the scooter to use it instead of the bike.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я купил новую лампочку &lt;strong&gt;взамен&lt;/strong&gt; старой. (I bought a new light bulb &lt;strong&gt;to replace&lt;/strong&gt; old one.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вместо&lt;/strong&gt; means one instead of another.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я купил скутер &lt;strong&gt;вместо&lt;/strong&gt; велосипеда. (I planned to buy a bike, but I bought a scooter).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10430" LastActivityDate="2018-04-02T23:14:16.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16143" CreationDate="2018-04-03T17:25:26.303" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Дело, конечно, не в буквах, а в том, что такие конструкции (сделать А после В) требуют предложного падежа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сделать А -- &lt;em&gt;по прибытии, по рассмотрении, по прошествии, по окончании, по получении, по прочтении&lt;/em&gt; и т.д. То есть, &quot;по ком? по чём?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Знаменательно, что предложным падежом традиционно управляет также глагол &quot;скучать&quot;. По ком. Скучать &lt;em&gt;по матери, по отце, по деде, по сыне, по вас&lt;/em&gt; и т.д. Но это управление, к сожалению, сегодня практически полностью заместилось дательным падежом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T17:25:26.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16129" CreationDate="2018-04-03T21:04:09.203" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As already mentioned they are mostly the same (though &lt;code&gt;под&lt;/code&gt; also means &quot;under&quot;), the exact usage depends on the finesse. Here, I am trying to capture it in translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Снаружи&lt;/code&gt; is outside in the sense of &quot;there is also &lt;em&gt;inside&lt;/em&gt; and it's not it&quot;. Like, outside the box.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вне&lt;/code&gt; is outside in the sense of &quot;no bounds&quot;. It's also a bit oldish and bookish. (For example, there was a classic short Sci-Fi story from the Golded Era called &quot;Извне&quot;, which basically means &quot;from ouside&quot;, the antonym of &quot;within&quot;, but conveys the meaning of &quot;from outer space&quot;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вне&lt;/code&gt; is also more abstract. &quot;Outside the building&quot; is &lt;code&gt;снаружи&lt;/code&gt;, &quot;any categories do not apply here&quot; is &lt;code&gt;вне категорий&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;За пределами&lt;/code&gt; is verbatim &quot;out of bounds&quot;. There should be some boundary for it, like &quot;outside the city&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I at first translated &lt;code&gt;под&lt;/code&gt; as &quot;under&quot;. Indeed, there is also a somewhat colloquial meaning &quot;closeby&quot;, as in &lt;code&gt;под окном&lt;/code&gt;: &quot;I'll be waiting outside in front of your window.&quot; Other answers elaborate a bit on this, somehow in the usage it's always outside the building/object that is referenced.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T21:04:09.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16112" CreationDate="2018-04-03T21:28:22.277" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd try here again my English approximations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Голова&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;head&quot;, but also (as mentioned) all related to thinking, &lt;code&gt;пришло в голову&lt;/code&gt; = &quot;came to my mind&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ум&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;intellect&quot;, also in figurative sense: &quot;sanity&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Душа&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;soul&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fun part begins in the figurative speech: &lt;code&gt;сойти с ума&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;to loose sanity&quot;) vs. &lt;code&gt;душевнобольной&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;insane&quot;, &quot;mental&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To pepper up with a 20th century quote:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Холодная голова, горячее сердце и чистые руки»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;loosely translated, &quot;cold blood, passionate heart, trusty hands&quot; – apparently, those are the desired properties of a good KGB (well, then-VChK) agent as mentioned by its founder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2018-04-03T21:28:22.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16148" CreationDate="2018-04-05T06:08:13.250" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Взамен&lt;/strong&gt; is typically about replacing something &lt;em&gt;for a reason&lt;/em&gt;, e. g. the old thing is already (or expected to be) &lt;strong&gt;gone&lt;/strong&gt; (lost or given/promised to somebody), &lt;strong&gt;can't be used&lt;/strong&gt; anymore. The idea of &lt;strong&gt;compensation&lt;/strong&gt; (finding a good replacement) is here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Взамен&lt;/em&gt; украденного/поломанного велосипеда он купил новый (или купил&#xA;  мопед).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если ты отдашь мне эту редкую монету, я &lt;em&gt;взамен&lt;/em&gt; дам тебе любую другую&#xA;  (или окажу важную услугу).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вместо&lt;/strong&gt; has much wider meaning and is applicable to both things and actions (&lt;strong&gt;instead&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;rather than&lt;/strong&gt; doing something).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вместо&lt;/em&gt; шляпы на ходу он надел сковороду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вместо&lt;/em&gt; лампочки накаливания лучше поставить светодиодную.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вместо&lt;/em&gt; того, чтобы обратиться в полицию, он решил сам наказать обидчика.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-04-05T06:08:13.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16155" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-05T14:37:36.277" Score="6" ViewCount="171" Body="&lt;p&gt;What would be the accurate translation for &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Even though&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found &quot;&lt;strong&gt;даже если&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;даже когда&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and in &lt;a href=&quot;https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-russian/even_2?q=even%20though&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cambridge dictionary&lt;/a&gt; (English- Russian)  &quot;&lt;strong&gt;несмотря на то что&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. So, I am a little bit confused about the term that I have to use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Even though&lt;/strong&gt; he is a smart man he did that mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Even though&lt;/strong&gt; he was around he didn't come to say hello.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastActivityDate="2018-04-05T21:05:59.903" Title="&quot;Even-though&quot; in Russian language" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16155" CreationDate="2018-04-05T15:42:13.690" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Even though&lt;/strong&gt; he is a smart man he did that mistake. - &lt;strong&gt;Несмотря на то,&#xA;  что&lt;/strong&gt; он умён ... / &lt;strong&gt;Хоть&lt;/strong&gt; он &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; умён, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Even though&lt;/strong&gt; he was around he didn't come to say hello. - &lt;strong&gt;Несмотря на то,&lt;/strong&gt; что он был поблизости ... / &lt;strong&gt;Хоть&lt;/strong&gt; он &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; был поблизости ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;даже когда&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;even when&lt;/strong&gt; and is appropriate when there's temporary aspect involved:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He didn't work out &lt;strong&gt;even when&lt;/strong&gt; he was young, much less now when he's 70&#xA;  - Он не занимался физкультурой, &lt;strong&gt;даже когда&lt;/strong&gt; был молод, а теперь, когда ему 70, и подавно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;даже если&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;even if&lt;/strong&gt;, when there's a condition:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Even if&lt;/strong&gt; he showers her with gifts and jewelry she still won't marry&#xA;  him - &lt;strong&gt;Даже если&lt;/strong&gt; он будет осыпать её подарками и украшениями, она всё&#xA;  равно не пойдёт за него замуж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-05T21:05:59.903" LastActivityDate="2018-04-05T21:05:59.903" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16157" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16166" CreationDate="2018-04-05T23:28:59.257" Score="3" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;With masculine and neuter nouns, два and три take the genitive singular. With feminine nouns it is at least usually taught that две and три also take the genitive singular. But how do we know? Given that this form of a feminine noun is almost always the same as the nominative plural, can we not with equal justification say that these numerals take the nominative plural? Or might we not say that they take the form that expresses both of those functions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10435" LastEditorDisplayName="user10435" LastEditDate="2018-04-06T16:33:45.433" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T16:33:45.433" Title="With feminine nouns, how do we know that две and три take the genitive singular rather than the nominative plural?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16158" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-06T05:53:29.267" Score="1" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just bought a Russian samovar, and cannot read this type of Russian script...  could you provide the modern Russian script?   Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sdsQ1.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sdsQ1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NmdLl.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NmdLl.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10438" LastEditorUserId="10438" LastEditDate="2018-04-06T19:03:25.273" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T19:03:25.273" Title="Russian Samovar" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-04-06T08:15:19.707" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16158" CreationDate="2018-04-06T06:17:25.023" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's definitely a manufacturer's mark, in old (pre-revolutionary) Russian orthography.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It reads:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ЯКОВЪ = Яков = Yakov ~ Jacob (probably the first name of manufacturer)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;НЕГИНСКИ = Neginski (probably the last name, but due to the fact that the caption is extremely weared off, it might had more letters before or after that originally)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ВЪ ТУЛѢ = В Туле = in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tula,_Russia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tula&lt;/a&gt;, city of origin, the main manufacturing center for samovars&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3708" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-04-06T06:31:08.163" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T06:31:08.163" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16157" CreationDate="2018-04-06T09:41:48.780" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd argue that the case of &lt;strong&gt;сестра&lt;/strong&gt; is a proof that the Genitive feminine form is singular and not plural. Other such words are &lt;strong&gt;башка&lt;/strong&gt; (if we accept its Nom. pl. as &lt;strong&gt;бошки&lt;/strong&gt;, Gen. - &lt;strong&gt;башки&lt;/strong&gt;) and &lt;strong&gt;весна&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;вёсны&lt;/strong&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;весны&lt;/strong&gt; respectively), &lt;strong&gt;зима&lt;/strong&gt; (stress variation: &lt;strong&gt;зИмы&lt;/strong&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;зимЫ&lt;/strong&gt; respectively), &lt;strong&gt;беда&lt;/strong&gt; (stress variation: &lt;strong&gt;бЕды&lt;/strong&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;бедЫ&lt;/strong&gt; respectively).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We also may consider two other genders which clearly provide singular forms and i personally as a native speaker (which isn't of course any proof) perceive the feminine flexion as of a singular form and because with numerals you expect some sort of oblique case.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion the forms of feminine &lt;em&gt;Nom. pl&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Gen. sing&lt;/em&gt; (in this particular case) are simply homonyms, they are spelled and often sound alike but function differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But maybe historical philology can provide more conclusive clues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-06T11:23:59.753" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T11:23:59.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16161" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16162" CreationDate="2018-04-06T10:27:42.943" Score="3" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Место рождения не &lt;strong&gt;выбирают&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нельзя &lt;strong&gt;выбрать&lt;/strong&gt;, где родиться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These two sentences convey essentially the same meaning; the impersonal &amp;quot;one/you&amp;quot; cannot choose where you are born. Since this is a general statement that holds true to anyone, not just to a specific single person -- in other words, this happens on many occasions -- it seems to make more sense to use the imperfective &amp;quot;выбирать&amp;quot; (as shown in the 1st example).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which makes me wonder why the 2nd example uses the perfective &amp;quot;выбрать&amp;quot; instead, despite the impersonal, general nature of the statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T11:04:56.040" Title="Why use imperfective &quot;выбирать&quot; on one hand and perfective &quot;выбрать&quot; on the other in these impersonal &quot;one/you&quot; statements?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16161" CreationDate="2018-04-06T10:42:10.113" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Место рождения не выбирают.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Нельзя выбрать, где родиться.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  why the 2nd example uses the perfective &quot;выбрать&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;People&lt;/em&gt; can not choose &lt;em&gt;their&lt;/em&gt; birth place.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;One/you&lt;/em&gt; can not choose &lt;em&gt;his/your&lt;/em&gt; birth place.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is implied that such a choice would be a final one, for every person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those phrases are like mathematical &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_by_contradiction&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;proof by contradiction&lt;/a&gt; - they imagine some hypothetical situation - a what-if scenario - then claim this kind of situation is not possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Those both phrases imagine &quot;what if&quot; human gets born &quot;unmarked&quot;, &quot;unattributed&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_variables_and_bound_variables&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;unassigned&quot; (as in variables)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Then, they imagine, by some action of willing choice those humans do anchor themselves, do &quot;bound&quot; birthplace value to themselves, after being born and raised.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Then they deny the possibility of such an imagined situation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like a person who is already black can not get yellow or white or red, like a person who is already French-born can not change it and became Swiss-born. As far as the choice is committed (by the person or by situation) it can no more be re-made again and again. It is a singular thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, we have to take into account the slight difference between those situations imagined by both phrases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first phrase - &lt;code&gt;Место рождения не выбирают&lt;/code&gt; - is talking about the &quot;indeterminate quantity&quot; of people. That is why the verb ends with &lt;code&gt;-ют&lt;/code&gt; - the plural form. Single would not be &quot;indeterminate quantity&quot;, thus plural it is.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second phrase - &lt;code&gt;Нельзя выбрать, где родиться&lt;/code&gt; - implies some unknown but specific addressee. &quot;[Тебе] нельзя выбрать...&quot; - &quot;[you] can not choose...&quot;. Thus, it is in singular form, even there is no explicitly singular verb, like in the former case.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Multiple persons when considered all-together can (well, rather cannot here) do multiple choices - each of them is entitled only to a single one, but together their choices are many. Yet when we think about any specific person from the set, that person's choice is singular event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The former process is kind of repetitive, not that any of those persons can repeat it, but rather &quot;Person #1 makes choice #1, then person #2 makes choice #2, then person #3....&quot; kind of repetition. Thus, the imperfect verb. The latter process has no &quot;person #2&quot; and &quot;choice #2&quot;, thus has no repetitions, thus the perfect (committed, completed, final) verb is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2018-04-06T11:04:56.040" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T11:04:56.040" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16163" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16161" CreationDate="2018-04-06T10:52:37.547" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first example is literally about an action supposedly taken &lt;strong&gt;repeatedly&lt;/strong&gt; (therefore, &lt;em&gt;imperfective&lt;/em&gt;) by multiple people in their own time (who fail each time to do it). It suggests extrapolation for any single case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second example denies possibility of an action (in imagination) taken &lt;strong&gt;just once&lt;/strong&gt;, by a &lt;em&gt;single&lt;/em&gt; person - so it's a single completed action (therefore, &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt; verb form). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T10:52:37.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16164" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16165" CreationDate="2018-04-06T10:56:59.057" Score="2" ViewCount="171" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last weekend a read a book where was a sentence: &quot;Из леса вышли мужики с дрынами.&quot;&#xA;What does &quot;мужики с дрынами&quot; means?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10433" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T13:26:39.423" Title="What does &quot;Мужики с дрынами&quot; means?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-04-06T12:16:54.237" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16164" CreationDate="2018-04-06T11:08:35.883" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess everyone know what is &quot;мужик&quot;, and &quot;дрын&quot; is some wooden stick for a fight, maybe (in a lingo) a rough substitution for a sword among fantasy novels re-enactors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the guys were kind of armed, with what they found in that wood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T11:08:35.883" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16157" CreationDate="2018-04-06T11:32:27.260" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But how do we know?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically, Russian cases are defined by the questions the nominals put into each case answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This might not the best way to define a case, because using this definition you can't tell partitive from genitive as in &lt;em&gt;чая&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;чаю&lt;/em&gt;, or locative from prepositional as in &lt;em&gt;о лесе&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;в лесу&lt;/em&gt;, but it's how it works in traditional grammars which trace back to Meletius' Church Slavonic grammar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this definition is good enough to tell the two cases apart in your case. You can't ask in Russian &lt;em&gt;две кто?&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;две что?&lt;/em&gt;, you'd have to ask &lt;em&gt;две кого?&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;две чего?&lt;/em&gt; which undoubtedly puts the corresponding word into genitive or its varieties (or which nominative is not).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Given that this form of a feminine noun is always the same as the nominative plural, can we not with equal justification say that these numerals take the nominative plural?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The feminine nominals are not always the same as nominative plural as in genitive singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The paradigm differs for all adjectives and ordinal numerals:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;красивые (f. nom. pl.) / красивой (f. gen. sg.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;первые (f. nom. pl.) / первой (f. gen. sg.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, for nouns with mobile stress:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;ре&amp;#x301;ки (nom. pl.) / реки&amp;#x301; (gen. sg.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;во&amp;#x301;ды (nom. pl.) / воды&amp;#x301; (gen. sg.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, for nouns with a mobile vowel in the root:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;сёстры (nom. pl.) / сестры (gen. sg.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;зори (nom. pl.) / зари (gen. sg.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, for ad-hoc declension paradigms resulted from the gender shift:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;гроздья (nom. pl.) / грозди (gen. sg.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This said, numerals in &lt;em&gt;две, три&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;четыре&lt;/em&gt; undoubtedly govern singular genitive even for feminine nominals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T11:32:27.260" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16164" CreationDate="2018-04-06T11:32:42.257" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;s=%E4%F0%FB%ED&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;дрын&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; can be translated as &lt;strong&gt;bludgeon&lt;/strong&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;мужик&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;man&lt;/strong&gt; (folksy for мужчина) or a man of a certain type, &lt;strong&gt;bozo&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?s=%EC%F3%E6%E8%EA&amp;amp;dstat=%EC%F3%E6%E8%F3&amp;amp;l1=2&amp;amp;l2=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;many other variants&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-06T13:26:39.423" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T13:26:39.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16168" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16171" CreationDate="2018-04-06T14:20:52.397" Score="3" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any modern dialects of Russian that preserve traces of the old phonetic distinction between “e” and “ѣ” (ять)?  Lomonosov described “ѣ” as тонкий, “e” as дебелый, with “ѣ” always to be pronounced “ье”, but I’ve also read assertions that “ѣ” was originally more &lt;em&gt;open&lt;/em&gt;, like IPA “ɛ” or “æ”.  It allegedly derives from original *ē/ai/oi.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In roots, Old Russian “мѣсѧц, лѣс, лѣто” correspond to Polish “miesiąc, las, lato” with soft “l” not hard “ł”) and Serbian mjesec/mesec, ljeto/leto.  In endings, Polish preserves Slavonic fem-dat/prep “ѣ” as “ie”, and fem-gen “ы” as “y”, but Serbian has flipped Slavonic fem-dat/prep “ѣ” into hard “и”, and fem-gen “ы” into hard “e”.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10439" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-04-06T15:47:37.790" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T19:10:52.767" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;ять&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16169" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16170" CreationDate="2018-04-06T14:25:42.577" Score="2" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Нельзя верить женщинам», &lt;strong&gt;ведь так&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I understand it, &quot;ведь&quot; and &quot;так&quot; can both individually serve as a tag question: &quot;isn't it?&quot;, &quot;right?&quot;. But what about when they are coupled together? How is  &quot;ведь так&quot; nuanced compared to other tag questions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/15666/difference-between-%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B0-as-a-tag-question&quot;&gt;Difference between &amp;quot;да?&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;так?&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;не так ли?&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;а?&amp;quot; as a tag question&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-04-07T07:36:32.063" Title="When to use &quot;ведь так&quot;, as opposed to other tag questions?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;tag-question&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16169" CreationDate="2018-04-06T15:07:34.627" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are not entirely correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ведь&lt;/strong&gt; alone can't form a tag question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;..., так?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; compared to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;..., ведь так?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;..., так ведь?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; ) sounds stiffer and more demanding. &lt;strong&gt;..., ведь так?&lt;/strong&gt; roughly means &quot;&lt;em&gt;I feel you won't argue&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T15:07:34.627" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16168" CreationDate="2018-04-06T15:44:43.157" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The short answer would be no&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two main reasons for this. First, the phonetical distinction between &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ѣ&lt;/code&gt; was lost de-facto about two centuries before the letter &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8_1918_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;was officially abolished&lt;/a&gt;. Second, for historical reasons modern Russian is one of the most homogenous languages in the world, the number of dialectal variances is quite low. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The slightly longer answer would be - there's some evidence that in some semi-moribund dialects there were indeed some traces of &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt;/ &lt;code&gt;ѣ&lt;/code&gt; distinction. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;http://pstgu.ru/download/1223919984.ter-avanesova.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В подобных диалектах фонемы верхне-среднего подъема /ѣ/ и /ω/ могут&#xA;  реализоваться дифтонгами [ие] и [уо], у которых изменение тембра&#xA;  происходит за счет понижения подъема гласного: л[ие]с, к[уо]т или&#xA;  монофтонгами верхне-среднего подъема. Эти диалектные фонемы, как и их&#xA;  звуковые реализации, называются е закрытым и о закрытым. Они&#xA;  противопоставлены фонемам средне-нижнего подъема /е/ и /о/,&#xA;  реализациями которых в говорах бывают монофтонги средне-нижнего&#xA;  подъема либо дифтонги типа [еи], [оу];&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So basically, it is claimed that in some dialects there exist so called &lt;code&gt;е закрытое&lt;/code&gt; (closed &quot;e&quot;) and in some &lt;code&gt;о закрытое&lt;/code&gt; (closed &quot;o&quot;). As a sidenote, there are dialects with both o closed and e closed, but &lt;a href=&quot;http://danefae.org/djvu/dialektologi.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;no dialects&lt;/a&gt; with only o closed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you should take anything you here about phonetic differences in Russian dialects with a grain of salt. Even relatively new sources, dated back to 80s or 90s can easily be obsolete - the dialectal landscape changed drastically since then. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-04-06T19:10:52.767" LastActivityDate="2018-04-06T19:10:52.767" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16172" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-07T06:45:36.873" Score="3" ViewCount="329" Body="&lt;p&gt;Plan B is a secondary plan that you could fall back on in case Plan A, so to speak, didn't pan out as expected. The notion of &quot;switching to Plan B&quot; exists in English {Plan B}, French {le plan B}, German {Plan B}, Italian {piano B} etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is an idiomatic way to express the idea of &quot;switching to Plan B&quot; in Russian? Is a single alphabet commonly used instead of an adjective like &quot;запасной&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;запасной&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;запасный&lt;/strong&gt; план&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-04-10T17:17:46.287" Title="&quot;Plan B&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16169" CreationDate="2018-04-07T07:36:32.063" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ведь&lt;/strong&gt; actually means &quot;to know&quot; although modern Russian speakers are often not aware of this fact and only use it as a emotional informal grammar addition. It can be used in the sentence to gently demand an audience to agree to the statement. It must precede or follow the subject or a verb in question. In your example &quot;так&quot; is a statement that can be translated as &quot;yes&quot; and &quot;ведь&quot; is attached to it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1502" LastActivityDate="2018-04-07T07:36:32.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16174" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-07T07:37:23.190" Score="1" ViewCount="214" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering, if there are any or -ы ending is always a definite indicator of plural form... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8762" LastActivityDate="2018-04-08T06:32:48.473" Title="Russian noun that ends with -ы in singular: Myth or Reality?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16172" CreationDate="2018-04-07T09:38:00.373" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Оther options are &lt;strong&gt;альтернативный план&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;резервный план&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And so the idea of &quot;switching to Plan B&quot; may be expressed as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вводить в действие / задействовать ... план // переходить к ...&#xA;  плану&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;less formally&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;переключаться на ... план &lt;sup&gt;(&lt;em&gt;technically possible, but is somewhat unusual&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or highly informally&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;включать / запускать ... план&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-10T14:12:18.817" LastActivityDate="2018-04-10T14:12:18.817" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16174" CreationDate="2018-04-07T15:41:11.617" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;A grammatical search in &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=*%FB&amp;amp;gramm1=S%2Cnom%2Csg&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ruscorpora.ru&lt;/a&gt; for nouns in Nom,sg ending on -ы&#xA;gives a number of occurrences, among them&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;common abbreviations, like &lt;em&gt;Минобороны&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Москомприроды&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;замглавы&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;foreign surnames, like &lt;em&gt;Чжуан-цзы&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Сеид-оглы&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Новотны&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;foreign geographical names: &lt;em&gt;река Иты&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Янцзы&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2018-04-07T15:41:11.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16174" CreationDate="2018-04-07T16:32:37.677" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The old name of the letter &lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt; itself is &lt;strong&gt;еры&lt;/strong&gt; which grammatically is neuter gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also the same is with the old name of the letter &lt;strong&gt;Р&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;рцы&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2018-04-07T16:32:37.677" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16178" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16182" CreationDate="2018-04-08T01:31:45.363" Score="3" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know about the use of dative case, or nominative case, as illustrated here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/6954/how-does-%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%b4%d1%83%d0%b5%d1%82-behave-towards-%d0%b4%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b6%d0%b5%d0%bd-%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%be-and-%d0%bd%d1%83%d0%b6%d0%bd%d0%be&quot;&gt;How does &amp;quot;следует&amp;quot; behave towards &amp;quot;должен&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;надо&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;нужно&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; when talking about things 'one must/should/etc. do', and that is why I am confused about why this sentence;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хлеб н&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;до р&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;зать &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;стрым нож&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;м.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;shouldn't actually be;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хл&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;бу н&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;до р&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;зать &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;стрым нож&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;м.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Doesn't the bread &lt;strong&gt;need&lt;/strong&gt; a sharp knife, like I need to drink water,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне н&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;до пить в&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;ду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastActivityDate="2018-04-08T09:18:00.263" Title="надо and the instrumental case (knife cutting bread; a tool)" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16174" CreationDate="2018-04-08T06:32:48.473" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, this occurs quite frequently, but is not the rule. Very often this is a sign of the genitive. For example: это коровы (plural); молоко коровы (&quot;milk of this cow&quot; or &quot;milk of a cow&quot; depending on the context). The previously mentioned example Москомприроды (abbreviation, &quot;московский комитет охраны природы&quot;:)) is the genitive, but in sentence &quot;природы этих явлений различны&quot; (colloquial, better say &quot;природа этих явлений различна&quot;) &quot;природы&quot; has a plural form. And the gender of the noun does not matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10446" LastActivityDate="2018-04-08T06:32:48.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16180" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16206" CreationDate="2018-04-08T08:14:47.887" Score="6" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm having a really hard time understating the difference in sentences like—&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я был не уверен VS. Я не был уверен&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не жил в Канаде VS. Я жил не в Канаде. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference in sentences such as the above mentioned? Thanks)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2018-04-12T19:38:49.840" Title="Position of &quot;Не&quot; before negated word" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16180" CreationDate="2018-04-08T08:56:52.197" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я не жил в Канаде&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I never lived in Canada&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я жил не в Канаде&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;I lived not in Canada (but in the United States)&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter implies some context. It is assumed that the narrator did live somewhere that could as well be Canada, but then they clarify that it wasn't Canada.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-04-08T08:56:52.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16178" CreationDate="2018-04-08T09:18:00.263" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хлеб надо резать острым ножом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Хлеб&lt;/strong&gt; in this sentence is an object of the verb резать and is in the accusative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Надо&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; take a dative object (&lt;strong&gt;To whom&lt;/strong&gt; is it needed?) but in this sentence it is omitted meaning &quot;everyone / anyone&quot; should cut bread with a sharp knife.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-04-08T09:18:00.263" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16183" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-08T10:10:42.867" Score="3" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;отправиться &lt;strong&gt;навстречу&lt;/strong&gt; приключениям&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the meaning of the base word &amp;quot;встреча&amp;quot;, I'm assuming that &amp;quot;отправиться навстречу&amp;quot; is somewhat nuanced compared to &amp;quot;отправиться в / на&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;отправиться &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; приключения&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;отправиться &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; приключения&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't suppose &amp;quot;к&amp;quot; works here, does it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;отправиться &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt; приключениям&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, I wonder if &amp;quot;приключение&amp;quot; should always be in the plural when coupled with &amp;quot;отправиться&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a side note: another similar phrase comes to mind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;отправиться &lt;strong&gt;в путешествие&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-09T17:03:01.853" Title="Nuances between &quot;навстречу / в / на&quot; as a preposition following the verb &quot;отправиться&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16184" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16190" CreationDate="2018-04-08T12:49:29.237" Score="8" ViewCount="221" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну и денек &lt;strong&gt;выдался&lt;/strong&gt; в минувшую субботу!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm assuming it literally means &amp;quot;my/our little day stood out from others. It was special somehow&amp;quot;, but its precise meaning eludes me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's been an &lt;strong&gt;eventful&lt;/strong&gt; day. [in a positive sense]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or: It's been a &lt;strong&gt;rough&lt;/strong&gt;  day. [with a negative connotation of struggling]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or: It's been a &lt;strong&gt;long&lt;/strong&gt;  day. [feeling as if several days have passed in a single day]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a side note: Is it just as acceptable to say &amp;quot;день выдался&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-09T16:47:54.507" Title="What kind of day does &quot;денек выдался&quot; refer to, exactly?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16185" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16184" CreationDate="2018-04-08T13:19:00.223" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's either outright negative or bitter-sweet but in the latter case the phrase refers to the bitter part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The diminutive form is meant to show that either there was some positive aspect or that you're not too upset or angry about the day having been shitty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's totally acceptable to not use the diminutive form of &lt;strong&gt;день&lt;/strong&gt; however in this case the phrase most likely expresses negative attitude towards the experience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-08T13:24:14.000" LastActivityDate="2018-04-08T13:24:14.000" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16180" CreationDate="2018-04-08T14:03:25.200" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;With regard to the first example...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;Я был не уверен&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;не уверен&lt;/code&gt; in my opinion is ought to be written jointly &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;неуверен&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and this construction is best construed as a complete statement, where &lt;code&gt;неуверен&lt;/code&gt; completes the idea and ends the sentence. In it you describe your own state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я не был уверен&lt;/strong&gt; on the other hand requires continuation, an explanation of what you were unsure of, which comes in the form of a subordinate sentence introduced with a conjunction &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не был уверен, что смогу успеть к назначенному времени&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can hear people say &lt;strong&gt;Я был не уверен, что...&lt;/strong&gt; and although there may not be a strict rule against such use, in my opinion it's wrong stylistically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я не был уверен&lt;/strong&gt; can also be a sentence in its own right if it follows a description of deliberation or hesitation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Смог бы я успеть к назначенному времени? Я не был уверен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or a statement to which it is a comment&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он сказал, что погасит долг. Я не был уверен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but it's a more bookish style unusual in everyday speech&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Worth noting that in Russian unlike in modern English it would be incorrect to say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не был уверен, &lt;strong&gt;когда&lt;/strong&gt; она придёт - I wasn't sure when she would come&#xA;  by&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian insufficiency of knowledge can't be expressed with the equivalent of the English &lt;strong&gt;unsure/not sure&lt;/strong&gt; without sounding awkward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead this idea is best conveyed with statements such as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я точно не знал, когда она придёт&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не знал, когда именно она придёт&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-10T06:52:30.927" LastActivityDate="2018-04-10T06:52:30.927" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16183" CreationDate="2018-04-08T17:19:07.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Отправиться навстречу&quot; is a absolutely correct for &quot;приключениям&quot;, but it is a phraseologysm. Отправиться навстречу опасности, отправиться навстречу судьбе, отправиться навстречу геморрою, отправиться навстречу мечтаниям.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10446" LastActivityDate="2018-04-08T17:19:07.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16184" CreationDate="2018-04-09T11:22:16.463" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it's денёк, it's very likely something negative is implied (but it can also be something funny, unusual). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare: The happiest day in my life - Самый счастливый день в моей жизни (денёк is not used here, cos it's an important day). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't say it's LONG (length of the day is irrelevant here, it just means the day is unusual for some reason)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure there's a source which proscribes the use of Ну и ДЕНЬ выдался в минувшую субботу! - it sounds OK, but not so emphatic, i.e. день could be just as well used in a neutral situation. Ну и денёк is very emphatic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-04-09T11:22:16.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16184" CreationDate="2018-04-09T16:47:54.507" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;rough day&lt;/strong&gt; is the closest equivalent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Денек выдался&quot; must be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Stressful&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Somewhat unexpected (if you went to the dentist to have a root canal,&#xA;that doesn't count, but if you went to the dentist for a check up and&#xA;ended up having a root canal, that's the thing)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Not tragically bad. Either day's efforts may have somehow improved the outcome, or the day was a string of essentially small mishaps (if your flight got cancelled and you just went home, that doesn't count, but if you spent a day at the airport, finally getting on another flight, that's the thing)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-04-09T16:47:54.507" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16183" CreationDate="2018-04-09T17:03:01.853" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Отправиться навстречу приключениям&quot;&lt;/code&gt; is a proper phrase for embarking on an adventure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Отправиться в приключения&quot;&lt;/code&gt; is not proper. &quot;Пуститься в приключения&quot; can be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Отправиться на приключения&quot;&lt;/code&gt; is proper, but nuanced differently from &quot;... навстречу ...&quot;. &quot;... навстречу ...&quot; implies that the adventures would be unexpected, with overall positive sense. &quot;... на ...&quot; implies that adventures would be of a well-known sort, with overall negative sense, for example, a nightlong drinking trip through seedy bars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Отправиться к приключениям&quot;&lt;/code&gt; is hardly proper as it is. &quot;Отправиться к &lt;strong&gt;новым&lt;/strong&gt; приключениям&quot; would be better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-04-09T17:03:01.853" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16192" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-09T18:44:40.097" Score="4" ViewCount="517" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first sentence of &lt;em&gt;Anna Karenina&lt;/em&gt; follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все счастливые семьи похожи друг на друга, каждая несчастливая семья несчастлива по-своему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would be a better translation for &quot;несчастлива&quot;?  &quot;Unhappy&quot; or &quot;miserable&quot;? Or maybe another word? The commonly used &quot;unhappy&quot; in English seems too weak, based on my knowledge of Polish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10451" LastEditorUserId="10267" LastEditDate="2018-04-13T11:32:06.647" LastActivityDate="2018-04-13T11:32:06.647" Title="best translation for несчастливая?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16192" CreationDate="2018-04-09T18:57:01.187" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Unhappy&quot;&lt;/code&gt; seems to be the best translation for &lt;code&gt;&quot;несчастливая&quot;&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Miserable&quot;&lt;/code&gt; would be a good fit for &lt;code&gt;&quot;несчастная&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, but that's a stronger word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-04-09T18:57:01.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16192" CreationDate="2018-04-09T19:59:44.323" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Authors of three translations have opted for &lt;strong&gt;unhappy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its&#xA;  own way,” wrote Garnett.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its&#xA;  own way,” wrote Pevear and Volokhonsky.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Here, meanwhile, is Schwartz: “All happy families resemble one&#xA;  another; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/28/books/review/new-translations-of-tolstoys-anna-karenina.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-04-09T19:59:44.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16172" CreationDate="2018-04-10T17:17:46.287" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A common phrase in Russian is &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;запасной вариант&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. Here is &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/ngram.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;t1=%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%C2%A0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD&amp;amp;t2=%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%C2%A0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82&amp;amp;start=1800&amp;amp;end=2010&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;query=%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%C2%A0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%2C%C2%A0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%C2%A0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a chart comparing frequency of usage &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;запасной вариант&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;запасной план&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples of usage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Был пущен в ход запасной вариант. / &lt;em&gt;Plan B was executed.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Пошёл в ход запасной вариант. / &lt;em&gt;Plan B was executed.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;У него всегда есть запасной вариант. / &lt;em&gt;He always has an alternative plan.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Она не рассматривала запасных вариантов. / &lt;em&gt;She did not consider alternative plans.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-10T17:17:46.287" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16196" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-11T06:03:31.950" Score="1" ViewCount="246" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Serhii Plokhy's &lt;em&gt;Lost Kingdom&lt;/em&gt;, at a time of linguistic-nationalist tension, Mikhail Lomonosov prescriptively defined three styles:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the high style, to be used for the composition of epics, odes, and poems, was supposed to employ the vocabulary common to Church Slavonic and literary Russian; the intermediate style, to be used in dramatic works, was to rely on the vernacular but avoid colloquialisms; and the third, lower style, which admitted the language of townsfolk and peasants, was reserved for comedy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The man is so famous that I can only imagine his plan had some influence. But to what degree did authors of the late 1700s follow these recommendations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastActivityDate="2018-04-11T06:03:31.950" Title="Lomonosov's three literary styles" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2018-04-11T08:07:01.173" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16197" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16198" CreationDate="2018-04-11T13:04:57.437" Score="1" ViewCount="341" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to find a translation of the word &quot;reference&quot; into Russian in the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Please provide the names and contact information for three references&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here reference is a person that can provide a reference letter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to give a context for this question. I am Russian living in UK for last 12 years working in academia. Clearly this phrase is more than familiar for me, since we are constantly asked to provide references in UK, US, etc. Nowadays there are certain institutions in Russia that are trying to copycat  western practices. In particular one needs to translate these type of phrases into Russian. I genuinely think that the meaning of the word &quot;reference&quot; as a human being is not yet worked out in Russian language, or maybe it is worked out but I am not aware of it. This was my reason to ask the question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, been native Russian speaker, I never encountered the word &quot;рекомендатель&quot; and I am not sure if it usage is common in Russian academia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10458" LastEditorUserId="10458" LastEditDate="2018-04-11T23:03:01.007" LastActivityDate="2018-04-21T20:25:41.733" Title="How to say reference in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16197" CreationDate="2018-04-11T13:26:34.973" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;More context would help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's say &lt;strong&gt;рекомендатель&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;s=reference&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Multitran&lt;/a&gt; we have &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;лицо, дающее рекомендацию&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  лицо, способное дать рекомендацию&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which are too unwieldy&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hr-portal.ru/doki/blank-proverki-rekomendaciy-na-soiskatelya&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here's an example&lt;/a&gt; of a references form found online which uses the term &lt;strong&gt;рекомендатель&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ne0Ww.png&quot; alt=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-21T20:25:41.733" LastActivityDate="2018-04-21T20:25:41.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16199" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16197" CreationDate="2018-04-11T13:43:20.843" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate as:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пожалуйста предоставьте три рекомендации(положительных отзыва) с именами и контактной информацией(контактными данными).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2018-04-11T13:43:20.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16200" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-11T19:12:18.257" Score="3" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Со &lt;strong&gt;всей этой историей&lt;/strong&gt; с допингами, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{or}: Со &lt;strong&gt;всеми этими историями&lt;/strong&gt; с допингами, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if it is more common in Russian to use a singular construction with this &amp;quot;история&amp;quot; expression. If so, what is the rationale for using the singular? In French, you express the same idea in the plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{plural}: Avec &lt;strong&gt;toutes ces histoires&lt;/strong&gt; de dopage, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{not singular}: Avec &lt;strong&gt;toute cette histoire&lt;/strong&gt; de dopage, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-21T12:36:03.983" Title="{singular} &quot;Со всей этой историей с ...&quot; vs. {plural} &quot;Со всеми этими историями с ...&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16201" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16202" CreationDate="2018-04-11T21:40:26.577" Score="4" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я схожу вниз по лестнице/ по трапу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я спускаюсь вниз по лестнице/ по трапу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any subtle differences in meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2018-04-12T07:05:05.307" Title="The difference between 'схожу' and 'спускаюсь'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16201" CreationDate="2018-04-11T21:53:23.570" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not so much in meaning as in register with &lt;strong&gt;схожу&lt;/strong&gt; being vernacular and thus of lower register.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Semantically they in principle could differ because &lt;strong&gt;схожу&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;walk down&lt;/strong&gt; while &lt;strong&gt;спускаюсь&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;descend&lt;/strong&gt; which can be performed by means other than walking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But practically in everyday use more often than not &lt;strong&gt;спускаюсь&lt;/strong&gt; implies descend by means of walking, because this is the most common way of descending physically. And certainly when it's a descent down the stairs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's difference in my view between shades of meaning of these words in different tenses in the context of descending down the stairs. The perfective aspect of &lt;strong&gt;сходить&lt;/strong&gt; in the past and future tenses (&lt;strong&gt;сошёл, сойду&lt;/strong&gt;) tends to emphasize the manner of descending, that is by walking, therefore if there's no need to stress this detail &lt;strong&gt;спустился&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;спущусь&lt;/strong&gt; would sound more appropriate as they're neutral in this respect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-12T07:05:05.307" LastActivityDate="2018-04-12T07:05:05.307" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16203" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16204" CreationDate="2018-04-12T03:26:02.483" Score="4" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, Russian people in the city of Vologda speak with an accent, in which the unstressed Russian 'о' in some words sounds like a stressed one. I wonder if it's also true for the name of their city. Is the way they pronounce the name of their city - 'Вологда' - different from how all the rest of Russians pronounce it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2018-04-12T03:37:21.317" LastActivityDate="2018-04-19T10:08:17.323" Title="How do residents of Vologda pronounce the name of their city?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16203" CreationDate="2018-04-12T07:28:00.840" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I personally haven't heard how they pronounce it but since a feature of &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2#%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vologda group of dialects&lt;/a&gt; is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5#%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;full оканье (as apposed to partial оканье)&lt;/a&gt; they're expected to pronounce it as &lt;strong&gt;ВолОгда&lt;/strong&gt; (as opposed to standard &lt;strong&gt;Волагда&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD: finally found a recording of the pronunciation, which sounds exactly as i described (not that it was a big mystery to me anyway) with &lt;code&gt;л&lt;/code&gt; sounding as per &lt;em&gt;Nikolay Ershov&lt;/em&gt;'s description, with the only caveat that it's a recording of a villager and not of a city resident&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/qqPL8e5AcCE?t=3s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вот помнишь, к нам приезжали, ко мне, девки-ти, из&#xA;  Вологды-то?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-19T10:08:17.323" LastActivityDate="2018-04-19T10:08:17.323" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16203" CreationDate="2018-04-12T09:01:39.937" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHJpdQl-v-U&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This video&lt;/a&gt; suggests that aside from the full Os, &quot;classic&quot; Vologda accent also realises hard &lt;code&gt;л&lt;/code&gt; as a retroflex &lt;code&gt;[ɭ]&lt;/code&gt; as opposed to standard Russian &quot;dark&quot; &lt;code&gt;[ɫ]&lt;/code&gt;. So ['voɭogdə], vs. standard ['voɫəgdə].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, not a lot of people generally speak with Northern Russian accents these days, and that video was specifically heritage-themed. Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/Aa6mFQiniYI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;vox pop on Vologda streets&lt;/a&gt; and everybody speaks Central Russian — akanye, &lt;code&gt;[ɫ]&lt;/code&gt; and all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-04-12T09:01:39.937" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16180" CreationDate="2018-04-12T19:38:49.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a subtle difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я был не уверен VS. Я не был уверен&#xA;I was uncertain vs I was not certain. &#xA;I was vs I was not&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;Я не жил в Канаде VS. Я жил не в Канаде.&#xA;I hadn't lived in Canada VS I lived outside of Canada.&#xA;Never lived in Canada vs Lived somewhere else at the time&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2018-04-12T19:38:49.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14008" CreationDate="2018-04-12T21:04:44.903" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Кино&quot;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&quot;Фильм&quot;&lt;/code&gt; are &lt;strong&gt;full synonyms&lt;/strong&gt; in the meaning of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Live action feature film&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Different meanings, like &quot;Cinema theater&quot; or &quot;Film reel&quot; can be applicable only to one, but not the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And finally, when the movie is not &quot;Live action feature length&quot;, there is more nuanced gray area, where &quot;фильм&quot; is usually preferred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Short&lt;/strong&gt; features usually called &quot;Фильм&quot; rather than &quot;Кино&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Animated&lt;/strong&gt; movies more often called &quot;Фильм&quot;, however, this must be due to the prevalence of specialized word &quot;Мультфильм&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Documentaries&lt;/strong&gt; are more often called &quot;Фильм&quot; (&quot;Документальный фильм&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Series&lt;/strong&gt; are almost exclusively called &quot;Фильм&quot; (&quot;Многосерийный фильм&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-04-12T21:04:44.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16209" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16211" CreationDate="2018-04-13T12:13:39.720" Score="5" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always thought that &quot;Jew&quot; was &quot;eврей&quot;, but I have also heard the usage of &quot;иудей&quot;. What is the difference? They appear to be the same in the dictionaries that I have checked. Are they completely the same, or do they have slightly different meanings/connotations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4451" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-04-13T15:24:34.810" LastActivityDate="2018-04-16T10:49:34.113" Title="What is the difference between &quot;eврей&quot; and &quot;иудей&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16209" CreationDate="2018-04-13T12:17:46.123" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's quite simple: &quot;еврей&quot; is nationality or ethnicity (not sure which fits better, but hope you get the point) and &quot;иудей&quot; is someone who follows Judaism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastEditorUserId="1836" LastEditDate="2018-04-16T10:49:34.113" LastActivityDate="2018-04-16T10:49:34.113" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16209" CreationDate="2018-04-13T12:29:36.920" Score="9" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are &quot;eврей&quot; &amp;amp; &quot;иудей&quot; completely the same, or do they have slightly different meanings/connotations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are not the same. &#xA;They are from different categories.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Иудей&quot; stands for &quot;Judaist&quot; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Judaist&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Judaist&lt;/a&gt; &#xA;That is, &lt;strong&gt;religion&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you look for &quot;almost the same with different connotations&quot; words, denoting &lt;strong&gt;ethnicity&lt;/strong&gt;, then those would be the pair of &quot;Jew&quot;=&quot;жид&quot; and &quot;Hebrew&quot;=&quot;еврей&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian &quot;жид&quot; is considered a vulgar slur, while in 19th century Russian and in modern Polish &quot;жид&quot; is a neutral &quot;technical&quot; term. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;political&lt;/strong&gt; category there is yet another word &quot;Israeli&quot;=&quot;израильтянин&quot; - a citizen of the Jewish state. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, in essential language those three categories sometimes get blurred - either by mistake or intentionally - and those words end being used as substitutions for one another. The vocabularies you consulted could represent those blurry lines by including those tangent meaning into the articles. However in the strict meaning those words are represent historically related but different attributes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS. Etymologically probably &quot;жид&quot; is a simplified rough translation of &quot;Jude&quot;, which itself probably stems from &quot;Judaist&quot;/&quot;Иудей&quot;. Back then few centuries ago the concept of ethnicity was weak if existing, and people were mostly split over religious watersheds, thus there was little if any separation of &quot;religious&quot; and &quot;national&quot; meaning of those words back then. Again, the word &quot;жид&quot; was mostly used in prior centuries, so could denote both senses at once. So I guess in reading texts using that word it would not be easy to choose between competing interpretations. However in modern Russian this word is only used in some specific circumstances and the &quot;normal&quot; words &quot;еврей&quot; &amp;amp; &quot;иудей&quot; have their clear distinction of concerns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2018-04-16T09:34:08.247" LastActivityDate="2018-04-16T09:34:08.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16212" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16214" CreationDate="2018-04-13T20:27:41.243" Score="3" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ну и&lt;/strong&gt; денек выдался в минувшую субботу!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume these two words are not to be interpreted literally as &quot;Well and&quot;. When do you use &quot;Ну и&quot; like this at the start of conversation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-13T21:22:31.000" LastActivityDate="2018-04-14T10:45:18.857" Title="What is the function of &quot;Ну и&quot; at the start of conversation?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;междометие&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16212" CreationDate="2018-04-13T20:40:51.353" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This could be translated as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What a ... !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentence above:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What a [wonderful / terrible / ...] day was on saturday!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2018-04-13T20:40:51.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16212" CreationDate="2018-04-13T21:14:43.753" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;By Alone-zee's request i trasfer here my comments made in response to identical sub-question &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/16185/7674&quot;&gt;in another thread&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ну и&lt;/strong&gt; is an emphatic compound interjection in exclamations expressing negative emotions or attitude, it functions as the English &lt;strong&gt;what a...; such a...; so...&lt;/strong&gt; but only in a negative context, e.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ну и&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; погодка сегодня! - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;What a&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; terrible weather we have today! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ну и&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; дурак &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;же&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ты!/&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ну&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ты &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; дурак! - You're &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;such a&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; fool! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ну&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ты &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; загнул!/&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ну&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; загнул &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;же&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ты! - You're &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;so&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; exaggerating! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogIxmP5hwA4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ну и&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; видок у тебя,&#xA;  Шарапов!&lt;/a&gt; - You have &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;such&#xA;  a&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; terrible look, Sharapov!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Could it be that this &quot;и&quot; is a particle for emphasis that often precedes a verb?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I doubt that. &lt;strong&gt;ну и&lt;/strong&gt; goes not only with verbs and rather to a lesser extent with verbs, and it doesn't follow some previous statement for confirmation or reinforcement, it is perfectly autonomous and self-contained.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check these examples of usage with a verb: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;1.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ну&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ты &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; пишешь! &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;(a comment about quality of handwriting)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; - You have &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;such an&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; awful handwriting! &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;(characters are either too small, illegible, ugly, don't meet some arbitrary requirements or something else etc)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;VERSUS &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in a dialogue: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;2.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;-Зачем я это пишу? - Why am i even writing this?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;-Тебе сказали писать?  - Have you been told to write this?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;-Да. - Yes.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;-Ну / Вот / Ну вот ты &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; пишешь. - So that's why you're writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in the second example the phrase doesn't end with exclamation mark, it would be inappropriate here because it's not an exclamation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-14T10:45:18.857" LastActivityDate="2018-04-14T10:45:18.857" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16215" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16216" CreationDate="2018-04-14T14:13:34.437" Score="5" ViewCount="270" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Mussorgsky's operas Boris Godunov and Khovanshchina it strikes me how often &quot;да&quot; (usually meaning &quot;yes&quot;) is used as a substitute for &quot;и&quot; (&quot;and&quot;). Is that how they normally spoke in the late 19th century, or is it deliberate use of archaic/poetic language in the librettos? Would it sound odd in contemporary Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/12606/what-is-the-word-%d0%b4%d0%b0&quot;&gt;Related&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9525" LastEditorUserId="9525" LastEditDate="2018-04-14T15:27:37.123" LastActivityDate="2018-04-14T18:10:58.343" Title="Use of &quot;да&quot; instead of &quot;и&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16215" CreationDate="2018-04-14T14:51:37.413" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;19th century literature doesn't exhibit this feature consistently. To me it's obvious that it's a stylisation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But usage of &lt;strong&gt;да&lt;/strong&gt; as a conjunction apparently was and to this day to a certain extent still is a feature of regional vernacular dialects of Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Касаткин (2005) отмечает частотность союза &lt;code&gt;да&lt;/code&gt; в современном &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Северном&#xA;  наречии&lt;/a&gt; в соединительной и противительной функции, что подтверждается&#xA;  и на наших данных.&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=kSyYCgAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA357&amp;amp;lpg=PA357&amp;amp;dq=%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7+%D0%B4%D0%B0&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=xsfjl0EX6r&amp;amp;sig=MSg8ZUvGGV8cGz0_14buzauMXv8&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwiK06e6jbraAhUSJ1AKHWxzCYA4ChDoAQg6MAM#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%20%D0%B4%D0%B0&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Йокояма О. Б. «Письма русских крестьян. Тексты и контексты»&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;(a collection of letters by peasants of uyezd Serapulsky from the late 19th cent.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сочинительные союзы &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt; чаще встречаются в южных говорах, чем в&#xA;  северных, где очень употребительным в качестве соединительного и&#xA;  противительного является союз &lt;code&gt;да&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Л. Л. Касаткин «Русская диалектология» (page 145)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern standard Russian there's a number of fossilized phrases where &lt;strong&gt;да&lt;/strong&gt; has this function, e.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;тишь &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;да&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; гладь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ты &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;да&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; я, &lt;strong&gt;да&lt;/strong&gt; мы с тобой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вынь &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;да&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; положь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;из огня &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;да&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; в полымя&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Иван-&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;да&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-Марья &lt;sup&gt;(botanical name)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Ukrainian &lt;strong&gt;да&lt;/strong&gt; in the form of &lt;strong&gt;та&lt;/strong&gt; is a part of standard vocabulary alongside &lt;strong&gt;i/й&lt;/strong&gt; (equivalent of the Russian &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-14T18:10:58.343" LastActivityDate="2018-04-14T18:10:58.343" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16215" CreationDate="2018-04-14T15:05:33.113" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can still hear it in use quite often, but depending on context it sounds poetic, informal or forced archaic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not easy to explain, but it can also be used to add a certain kind of emphasis. If you said,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они ели омаров и красную икру.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That just sounds like a neutral statement. But if you said,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они ели омаров да красную икру.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This gives it a kind of an emphasis on the type of the things listed, in this case imparting the idea that they were eating expensive/decadent things in general, rather than just those two specific dishes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-04-14T15:05:33.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16218" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-14T21:27:40.963" Score="6" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hey can anyone explain to me the difference between these words, and maybe наматывать as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was doing guitar-vocab, my usual resources seem to be drawing a blank?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10322" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-04-16T08:20:02.077" LastActivityDate="2018-04-16T08:20:02.077" Title="Difference between &quot;бренчать&quot; and &quot;тренькать&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="11" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16200" CreationDate="2018-04-15T08:06:43.247" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Basically, there is no difference between plural and singular forms of the sentences like that. However, in some contexts (sic!), the use of the plural can reduce the importance of the subject. This can be explained as follows: &quot;history&quot; is unique (and significant...); if there are many &quot;histories&quot;, they are likely routine and should not be significant. &quot;Истории&quot; sometimes means &quot;случаи&quot;, &quot;обыденные ситуации&quot; and so on, up to &quot;байки&quot;, &quot;сплетни&quot;... However, sometimes (mostly infrequently), the singular word &quot;история&quot; can be used in a figurative sense like &quot;россказни&quot; and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10446" LastActivityDate="2018-04-15T08:06:43.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16220" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-15T12:53:36.817" Score="4" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И &lt;strong&gt;будет вам известно&lt;/strong&gt;, я  ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I gather there is an equivalent of &quot;будет вам известно&quot; among the following phrasings, but I wonder which is the closest, as they nuanced in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;you know&quot;, &quot;you see&quot;, &quot;for what it’s worth&quot;, &quot;for your information&quot;, &quot;for the record&quot;, &quot;I'm letting you know that ...&quot;, &quot;I'll have you know that ...&quot;, &quot;just so you know&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How exactly do you use &quot;будет вам/тебе известно&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-04-28T05:59:02.960" LastActivityDate="2018-04-30T05:00:19.863" Title="What is the tone of the expression &quot;будет вам известно&quot;? Neutral or condescending?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16220" CreationDate="2018-04-15T13:09:49.683" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, the expression is more properly &lt;strong&gt;да будет вам известно&lt;/strong&gt;. (The &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; does not replace &lt;code&gt;да&lt;/code&gt;, which marks a third-person imperative, so the whole phrase here would be &lt;strong&gt;И да будет&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.). Without the &lt;code&gt;да&lt;/code&gt;, it's a case of the &quot;I could care less&quot; type of phraseology decay in everyday usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;For your information&quot; seems closest. Not necessarily condescending, but certainly non-neutral in an argumentative way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-04-15T13:09:49.683" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16222" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-15T18:04:48.137" Score="2" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Создавалось ощущение, будто&lt;/strong&gt; все мои немногочисленные знакомые в этом мире являются участниками огромного заговора, цель которого – свести меня с ума.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm assuming that the use of the imperfective &quot;создаваться&quot; indicates that a particular impression was forming in multiple, unspecified people's minds, not being confined to the speaker's. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I wonder if this phrasing imparts an impersonal and less subjective sense similar to &quot;it looked/sounded/seemed like&quot; in English or &quot;on aurait dit que ...&quot; in French, as opposed to the personal turn of phrase &quot;I had the impression that ...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;У меня&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;создалось&lt;/strong&gt; ощущение, будто ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to make it into a fully personal statement, on the other hand, do you place &quot;У меня&quot; at the beginning and use the perfective &quot;создаться&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-04-15T18:38:55.310" LastActivityDate="2018-04-21T13:21:02.233" Title="Does the phrasing &quot;Создавалось ощущение, будто ...&quot; impart an impersonal and less subjective sense similar to &quot;it looked/sounded/seemed like&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16218" CreationDate="2018-04-15T20:36:59.320" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both mean making repetitive noise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бренча́ть&lt;/strong&gt; is loud and annoying:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пиани́но сла́вно бренча́ло всё одну́ и ту же мело́дию.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Звени́т гита́ра, бренчи́т бу́бен, у́хает бараба́н.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что́-то бормоча́, он бренча́л ключа́ми, ища́ тот, кото́рый ну́жен.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Движо́к тря́сся, бренча́ кры́шкой капо́та.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Э́то тебе́ не на балала́йке бренча́ть!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Тре́нькать&lt;/strong&gt; is softer more intermittent:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Буфе́тчица погромы́хивала посу́дой, е́ле слы́шно тре́нькала кака́я-то му́зыка.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На пери́лах терра́сы то́нко и остро́ тре́нькала кака́я-то пти́чка.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В прохо́де сиде́л и бестолко́во тре́нькал на гита́ре пья́ный солда́тик.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice three distinct patterns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Бренча́ть на (prepositional) - Similar to &lt;strong&gt;игра́ть на&lt;/strong&gt; (гита́ре, балала́йке).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Бренча́ть (instrumental) - Make a noise with something (ключа́ми, кры́шкой).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;X бренчи́т. - X is making noise on its own.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When used with &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;, both mean an inept play on a musical instrument.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find more examples on &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruscorpora.ru&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://ruscorpora.ru&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-04-15T20:36:59.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16225" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1105" CreationDate="2018-04-16T12:43:44.257" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say, without giving it too much thought, that 'надо' is closer to 'must', more related to duty, while 'нужно' is closer to 'need', more related to personal needs. For example, a saying: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Есть такое слово - 'надо'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means, roughly, &quot;There is such a thing as duty&quot;; 'нужно' would be completely unappropriate here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4605" LastActivityDate="2018-04-16T12:43:44.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16226" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-16T17:06:26.390" Score="8" ViewCount="340" Body="&lt;p&gt;The expression &amp;lt;я пошёл к себе&gt; is in the past tense but it means &quot;I'm off home&quot; which is the present tense. Why is this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2018-04-17T06:08:33.643" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T20:11:22.530" Title="Why do you say &lt;Я пошёл&gt; when should be present tense" Tags="&lt;tense&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="14" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16227" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16226" CreationDate="2018-04-16T17:41:32.817" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt; I would say it's akin to Present Perfect in terms of English grammar,  because the verb is in perfective aspect, i.e. the act has been performed and its effect is still being felt at present.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&#xA;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;So into English it would have to be translated as&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;I have gone to Seva&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;The question has probably been misunderstood because of a spelling mistake, so the response is &amp;quot;off home&amp;quot;.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2nd attempt&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Provided the Russian here is &lt;strong&gt;Я пошёл к сеБе&lt;/strong&gt; (not &lt;strong&gt;севе&lt;/strong&gt;) i believe one cannot meaningfully compare these two sentences because their structures are markedly different, it's only fair to compare more or less grammatically equivalent constructs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian does have a construct similar to &lt;strong&gt;I'm off home&lt;/strong&gt;, and that's &lt;strong&gt;Я домой&lt;/strong&gt;, whose tense is equivalent to that of the English expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With a verb this idea can be expressed in all 3 tenses with a varying degree of determination (in a descending order)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я пошёл домой&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Я иду домой&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Я пойду домой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-17T19:35:00.330" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16228" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16229" CreationDate="2018-04-16T20:41:40.250" Score="3" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильнее транслитерировать/перевести имя Jian-Yang ? (персонаж из &quot;Silicon Valley&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8568" LastActivityDate="2018-04-17T08:52:48.470" Title="Как правильнее транслитерировать/перевести имя Jian-Yang?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16228" CreationDate="2018-04-16T20:47:31.890" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если это пиньинь, а похоже на то, тогда&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Цзянь Ян&lt;/strong&gt;, если это фамилия и имя, или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Цзяньян&lt;/strong&gt;, если это имя&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подкрепляя цитатой из &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F#%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;таблицы перевода пиньиня в систему Палладия&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;jian — цзянь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;yang — ян&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-16T20:58:21.213" LastActivityDate="2018-04-16T20:58:21.213" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16230" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-16T22:29:18.970" Score="4" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've only been studying Russian for about a year (and slowly at that), so I'm probably misunderstanding a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From what I understand, though, идти and ехать are both unidirectional verbs of motion and basically mean &quot;to go.&quot; However, идти implies walking and ехать implies some other form of transportation. I understand that it's more nuanced than that, because my professor has said that you can still use идти if you're driving a short distance in the context of your everyday life and it's not very important to specify that you drove.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm basically wondering about the history of this type of distinction (walking vs. other) and whether/how it has changed over time in the language. It seems like technology changes (more forms of transportation now than before, maybe less walking?) would have some sort of effect on the usage of идти/ехать and similar pairs like ходить/ездить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10473" LastEditorUserId="10473" LastEditDate="2018-04-17T17:32:19.457" LastActivityDate="2019-02-27T11:10:04.903" Title="Have technology changes had any effect on the usage of идти vs. ехать (and similar verb pairs)?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16226" CreationDate="2018-04-17T06:07:48.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;пошёл&lt;/em&gt; has perfective &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;verb aspect&lt;/a&gt; - verbs with prefixes usually do. It refers to a one-time event of starting to walk. If you're walking right now, that event of starting to walk is already in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;шёл&lt;/em&gt; would be the corresponding imperfective aspect, referring to a habitual or continuous process of walking in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9525" LastActivityDate="2018-04-17T06:07:48.370" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16228" CreationDate="2018-04-17T08:52:48.470" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for the question in comments: not too many versions to guess the name meaning. Some real people with such a name/surname are written in Chinese as 杨健 (Yáng Jiàn, 2nd and 4th tones). The first character is known to be used as a surname (dictionaries say so), but it also has the meaning '&lt;strong&gt;poplar&lt;/strong&gt;'; the second character means '&lt;strong&gt;healthy/strong&lt;/strong&gt;'. Examples from wiki: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Jian_(footballer)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Jian_(footballer)&lt;/a&gt; ; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Jian_(diver)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Jian_(diver)&lt;/a&gt; . &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a person of Chinese origin lives in a Western country, the original surname+name order is often &lt;em&gt;reversed&lt;/em&gt; into name+surname: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jian_Yang_(politician)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jian_Yang_(politician)&lt;/a&gt; - same could be with the film character. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There were also historical Yang Jian persons with the surname 杨 who had different name part 暕 (Jian, 3rd tone - &lt;strong&gt;bright/light&lt;/strong&gt;) &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Jian_(Sui_prince)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Jian_(Sui_prince)&lt;/a&gt; and 堅 (Jian, 1st tone, &lt;strong&gt;strong&lt;/strong&gt;) &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Sui&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Sui&lt;/a&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-04-17T08:52:48.470" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16230" CreationDate="2018-04-17T13:17:21.930" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I unfortunately cannot tell anything about the diachronic aspect of their usage, but within a locality in specific cases one can use &lt;strong&gt;идти&lt;/strong&gt; even when taking a ride to the destination. One such case i can think of is announcing one's destination when leaving home or reporting about a trip on return home&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду в кино&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я пошёл к сватам&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я ушёл на работу&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я ходил на рынок&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which doesn't mean a person arrives/ed there solely on foot&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's basically analogous to usage of &lt;strong&gt;to go&lt;/strong&gt; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However this doesn't work for destinations such as areas, in contrast to specific locations. One would't say &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я пошёл в центр&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (downtown) unless one truly moves on foot. Likewise &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я иду в новый район&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speaking of moving somewhere outside of a locality always requires usage of &lt;strong&gt;ехать&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-02-27T11:10:04.903" LastActivityDate="2019-02-27T11:10:04.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16234" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16222" CreationDate="2018-04-17T18:59:15.537" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.Создавалось ощущение, будто все мои немногочисленные знакомые&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У меня создалось ощущение, будто ...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's really hard to explain, because the difference is in feeling the situation, not the meaning itself. First of all, both include the speaker, that's obvious. And both of them are impersonal (grammatically ). A personal sentence would be &amp;quot;Я думаю, что...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence is a bit vague and you are right that it expresses a kind of general idea with the speaker and other people being included as recipients. Something like &amp;quot;There was a general feeling that...&amp;quot; It is close to &amp;quot;It seemed &amp;quot;. The feeling somehow was &amp;quot;blowing in the wind&amp;quot;.The imperfect verb gives the feeling of uncertainty. Being done but still incomplete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second is clearly &amp;quot;I had a feeling that...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T04:34:47.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16226" CreationDate="2018-04-17T19:28:38.337" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;For reasons unknown to me, verbs of movement with prefix &lt;em&gt;&quot;по-&quot;&lt;/em&gt; are used in the past tense to indicate intent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, prefix &lt;em&gt;&quot;по-&quot;&lt;/em&gt; means the beginning of an action when used with any of the following verbs of movement: &lt;em&gt;бежать, вести, везти, гнать, ехать, катить, лезть, лететь, нести, плыть, ползти, тащить, идти.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a result the following phrases are used as farewells:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я пошёл. / I'm leaving.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я побежал. / I'm leaving in a hurry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я поехал. / I'm leaving by car, or public transport.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a similar way the following phrases mean the intent of starting an action in the immediate future:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я понёс. / I am starting carrying [it].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я покатил. / I am starting rolling [it].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usage of verbs in past tense for that purpose is unusual. A popular Russian writer &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korney_Chukovsky&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;K. Chukovsky&lt;/a&gt; says in his book &quot;Alive as life itself&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Или эта форма: &lt;em&gt;я пошел&lt;/em&gt; вместо &lt;em&gt;я ухожу.&lt;/em&gt; Человек еще сидит за столом, он только собирается уйти, но изображает свой будущий поступок уже совершенным.&#xA;  С этим я долго не мог примириться. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Or this form: &quot;я пошел&quot;, instead of &quot;я ухожу&quot;. The man is still sitting at the table, he just started contemplating his leave, but he expresses his future action as complete. For a long time I could not accept it.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2018-04-18T20:11:22.530" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T20:11:22.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16237" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-18T18:28:16.720" Score="3" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Woman: Если это касается XXX, я буду через минуту.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Man: &lt;strong&gt;Так&lt;/strong&gt;, Вероника. (This is an urgent matter that requires your immediate attention.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following two meanings came to mind, but neither seems to fit the bill here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;so&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; in the sense of &amp;quot;therefore&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{or}: &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;well&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; in the sense of &amp;quot;ну&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T20:13:52.507" Title="What is the function/meaning of &quot;Так, &lt; Name &gt;&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16237" CreationDate="2018-04-18T18:33:11.767" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd translate this as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Listen, Veronika.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Look, Veronika.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T18:33:11.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16237" CreationDate="2018-04-18T19:32:19.263" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Так, &amp;lt; Name &amp;gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; could either express an agreement, or call for attention with a following order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Agreement / Acknowledgement:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;The phrase ends the statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... Так, Вероника. / &lt;em&gt;Yes, Veronica. / Indeed, Veronica.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;An order:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;The phrase is followed by the details of the order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так, Вероника, срочно на диету. / &lt;em&gt;Listen Veronica, start dieting ASAP.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так, Холмогоров, зовите наряд... / &lt;em&gt;Listen Kholmogorov, call a police patrol...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, the same phrase as a question is a &lt;strong&gt;request for clarification/confirmation:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Так, Вармишев? / &lt;em&gt;Is it so Varmishev?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Так. / &lt;em&gt;Yes.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T20:13:52.507" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16240" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-18T21:43:22.627" Score="4" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Подумайте только, &lt;strong&gt;в два раза больше радости&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While I understand the meaning of this sentence, the grammatical function of the phrase &quot;в два раза больше радости&quot; has me puzzled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the entire phrase &quot;в два раза больше радости&quot; serve as the direct object of the verb &quot;подумать&quot;, albeit separated by a comma?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, I wonder if &quot;в два раза больше радости&quot; as a whole is considered to be in the accusative case, given the construction &quot;подумать + (accusative) / think about&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T22:30:07.077" Title="Does &quot;в два раза больше радости&quot; as a whole serve as a direct object in the accusative case?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16241" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16240" CreationDate="2018-04-18T22:13:40.577" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a separate clause. We do not, as far as I know, use the conception of cases with clauses. Nor  plays it the role of direct object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically, &quot;только подумайте&quot; are &lt;em&gt;parenthetical words&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Представьте себе поезд. - Imagine a train.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Представьте себе, поезд! - Believe it or not, a train!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Подумать&lt;/strong&gt; usually requires prepositional case, so it doesn't fit to your model.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may use &lt;strong&gt;думать&lt;/strong&gt; with accusative but in some very rare phrases like &lt;em&gt;думать думу&lt;/em&gt; - to think about something difficult for a long time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastEditorUserId="9001" LastEditDate="2018-04-18T22:30:07.077" LastActivityDate="2018-04-18T22:30:07.077" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16242" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-19T17:12:59.497" Score="3" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты должен &lt;strong&gt;принести&lt;/strong&gt; мне в точности &lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt;, что я сказал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sentence, the accusative &quot;то&quot; is understandably used to express the idea of &quot;принести/bring someone &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. I wonder why in the following example, on the other hand, the use of the genitive case &quot;фруктов / чего-нибудь&quot; is required, despite the seemingly same construction as above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я скажу, чтобы она &lt;strong&gt;принесла&lt;/strong&gt; тебе &lt;strong&gt;фруктов&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;чего-нибудь&lt;/strong&gt; попить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-20T15:05:01.290" LastActivityDate="2018-04-20T15:05:01.290" Title="Why use Genitive for &quot;something&quot; to say &quot;принести/bring someone something&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16243" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16242" CreationDate="2018-04-19T17:18:05.730" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is so called отделительный падеж, which is in most cases same as родительный падеж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Принеси мне фрукты - bring me fruits.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Принеси мне фруктов - bring me some fruits.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may use both, but using отделительный падеж is bit more polite.  When you buy something, you should use accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, отделительный падеж is different from родительный падеж. Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Родительный падеж: у меня нет чая&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Отделительный падеж: налейте мне, пожалуйста, чаю&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: отделительный падеж is not used for just one object (if you ask for one fruit), neither for all objects of given kind (if you ask for all of the fruits).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2018-04-19T20:09:36.280" LastActivityDate="2018-04-19T20:09:36.280" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16244" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16245" CreationDate="2018-04-19T20:28:13.493" Score="5" ViewCount="174" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Его зовут Борис, &lt;strong&gt;это он&lt;/strong&gt; впустил нас в дом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm assuming that &quot;это он ...&quot; is an equivalent expression of  &quot;it's him who ...&quot;. If this English construction is anything to go by, I'm puzzled by the lack of a word corresponding to the relative pronoun &quot;who&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &quot;comma + кто&quot; dropped here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Его зовут Борис, это он(&lt;strong&gt;, кто&lt;/strong&gt;) впустил нас в дом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-04-19T22:44:07.913" LastActivityDate="2018-04-20T10:11:34.973" Title="What is the function of &quot;это&quot; in &quot;Его зовут X, это он впустил ...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16244" CreationDate="2018-04-19T21:10:04.820" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The “это” does not really play a grammatical role here. “His name is Boris, he let us in”. Observe that “это” can appear without the other part of the sentence at all:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Как вы здесь оказались?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;— Это Борис нас впустил. [“это” is optional and it gives a bit of an apologetic tone]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, such usage the word “это” refers to its natural meaning of “this” but without being actually coupled to particular words, rather to the entire sentence. “Что это?!” “Это кот нагадил.” (the verb is intransitive so “это” is not the object).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Он, кто” is ungrammatical, instead use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его зовут Борис, это тот, кто впустил нас в дом.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Его зовут Борис, вот кто впустил нас в дом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-04-19T21:10:04.820" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16244" CreationDate="2018-04-20T07:02:31.737" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's amazing how exactly you understand the details of a foreign language. Of course, the meaning of это is emphatic. And it corresponds to that English structure of yours. It's him/he is the one who let us in. But we don't use the same structure in Russian, I mean a sentence with a subordinate clause. We can emphasize with the following :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Именно он впустил нас/Это он впустил нас.(or just stress он )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-04-20T07:02:31.737" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16244" CreationDate="2018-04-20T07:53:15.207" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it's an equivalent expression of English &quot;&lt;em&gt;it's him who ...&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. And the thing is that it is an &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;equivalent expression&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, not a word-by-word translation. So there is no &quot;&lt;em&gt;who&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Why should there be one? It's just &quot;&lt;em&gt;it's he&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2018-04-20T07:53:15.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16242" CreationDate="2018-04-20T07:58:44.143" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The genitive in this case comes from the omitted '&lt;em&gt;some quantity &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt;...&lt;/em&gt;' which in Russian is typically expressed using an &lt;em&gt;indefinite numeral&lt;/em&gt; like &lt;strong&gt;немного&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;несколько.&lt;/strong&gt; Those numerals agree with a noun in the &lt;strong&gt;genitive&lt;/strong&gt; (несколько ябл&lt;strong&gt;ок&lt;/strong&gt;, немного вод&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt; или ч&lt;strong&gt;его&lt;/strong&gt;-нибудь - the numerals can be omitted). If you simply say &quot;принеси фрукты&quot; that would most likely mean bringing all the fruit available in some place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-04-20T07:58:44.143" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16249" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16244" CreationDate="2018-04-20T09:56:02.703" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;this English construction is anything to go by&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depends on your goal. If you aim at &quot;literature translation&quot; - at a smooth naturally sounding RETELLING - then this construction surely is &quot;to go by&quot;, but that would make the syntax comparison pointless. Then whether your aim would be &quot;word to word matching&quot;, a reproduction of the language mechanics barebones in another more familiar language, even if the outcome would sound awkward and would but never be used in actual conversations, then that construction obviously does not fit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I feel like the most verbatim translation of the 2nd part would be using &quot;the very&quot; or &quot;himself&quot; expressions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Frankly, the first part of your example is not needed to make a &quot;minimal verifiable example&quot; as they say in some other StackExchange forums :-D&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The core question revolves around &quot;Это Борис впустил нас&quot;. Technically, even &quot;нас&quot; is not needed here, just the phrase would sound very awkward without it. &lt;em&gt;If chosen so, to yet reduce boilerplate/noise, we could minimize the phrase yet further up to &quot;Это Борис сделал&quot; to use as neuter and minimal verb as possible.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I would go on with &quot;Это Борис впустил нас&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now you map it to English &quot;It was Boris, who let us in&quot; and feel confused, because this English counterpart is actually two sentences fused together, a so called &quot;complex sentence&quot;. And translating it back to Russian, if verbatim, would require a 2-parts complex sentence too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;It was Boris&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;who let us in&lt;/strong&gt;  ==&gt; &lt;em&gt;То был Борис&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;кто впустил нас&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, this English expression is proper mapping for &quot;literature translation&quot; which is &quot;retelling&quot;. But it is not the verbatim &quot;literary&quot; translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For word-to-word attempt we need some English phraseology, that anchors the attention to some specific term, exaggerates its importance, without spawning an extra sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Это Борис впустил нас&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At glance, I can see two options for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;one way to &quot;underline&quot; some term is appending xxxxx-self/xxxxx-selves to it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Boris himself let us in&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This, however, has a specific connotation, uncalled for. It emphasize some kind of worshipping, kissing up to. It could be said with some fans daring to ring on some super-star doorbell, and that superstar blessed them with his own descending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is not always so, if I imagine some possible interrogation scene from a detective book, then &quot;Boris himself let us in&quot; would sound much differently, as framing the said Boris. So in such a context this would be probably the fitting way to translate the original sentence. But only in this kind of a very specific, narrow context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The more universal option to map such a phrase to I believe would be using &quot;the very&quot; expression. That would probably not be met in real life spoken English. But for the &quot;technical&quot; goal of making word-to-word comparison and feeling the internal mechanics of the language conveying ideas, I guess it would be the most fitting mapping.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/very&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/very&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;used to emphasize that you are talking about one specific thing or part and not another &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3 — used as an intensive especially to emphasize identity ·before my very eyes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5 : being the same one : selfsame ·the very man I saw&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That way the mapping I feel would be &quot;mechanically&quot; proper would be this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Это&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Борис&lt;/em&gt; впустил нас&quot; ==&gt; &quot;&lt;strong&gt;The very&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Boris&lt;/em&gt; let us in&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have strong doubt whether &quot;the very&quot; construct in English can be applied to personal names and for natural way of language &quot;it was him, who...&quot; pattern feels better. However if we sack the English correctness for the sake of representing underlying mechanics of Russian then my gut feeling tells me those two constructs as reference points.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, your original example using those constructs seems to be &quot;at low level&quot; mapped verbatim way like that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Его зовут Борис, это он впустил нас в дом.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They call him Boris, he himself let us into the house.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They call him Boris, the very he let us into the house.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those phrases are totally non-English and sound double plus awkward. Because they seek to word-for-word mapping of the entire rather complex language structure, and thus amount of boilerplate noise unrelated to the core question becomes overwhelming. Which was why I chosen above to strip your example of everything I felt was not immediately related to the problem at hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2018-04-20T10:11:34.973" LastActivityDate="2018-04-20T10:11:34.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16250" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-20T17:32:57.400" Score="3" ViewCount="256" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я старалась &lt;strong&gt;лишь&lt;/strong&gt; передать тебе ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я старалась &lt;strong&gt;только&lt;/strong&gt; передать тебе ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я старалась &lt;strong&gt;просто&lt;/strong&gt; передать тебе ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this context, for instance, do you perceive any nuance between them? How can I determine which is preferable to use in any given context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-20T19:19:58.550" Title="Nuances between &quot;лишь&quot;, &quot;только&quot; and &quot;просто&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16251" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16250" CreationDate="2018-04-20T19:10:33.560" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hmm, the phrases in question are indeed very thinly nuanced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simple explanation would be the closest translation of Russian words to English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;лишь - just&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;только - only&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;просто - simply&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Лишь&quot; is associated with minimum effort or cost.&#xA;&quot;Только&quot; is associated with common sense limitations.&#xA;&quot;Просто&quot; is associated with minimum complexity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All meanings suggest the lack of hidden agenda and that the other party should not draw any conclusions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Even with &quot;Лишь&quot; being translated as &quot;Just&quot;, the phrase &quot;I tried just ...&quot; is perfectly useful, common, and apologetic, while &quot;Я старалась лишь ...&quot; in Russian sounds more bookish and rather dismissive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2018-04-20T19:19:58.550" LastActivityDate="2018-04-20T19:19:58.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16252" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-20T20:13:37.240" Score="5" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я вообще-то &lt;strong&gt;про&lt;/strong&gt; X и Y...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The speaker used this expression to set her interlocutor straight on who she was actually referring to. I'm assuming this is an equivalent of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, I was &lt;strong&gt;talking&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;thinking&lt;/strong&gt; about X and Y.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{or}: Actually, I &lt;strong&gt;meant&lt;/strong&gt; X and Y.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if it is common to omit a verb (whatever it is) from this Russian expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-21T15:10:19.930" Title="What verb is considered omitted in the expression &quot;Я вообще-то про X и Y&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16252" CreationDate="2018-04-20T20:49:27.577" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes and Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The construct with the verb omission exists also outside of this specific expression. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я о/про + object&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;I'm speaking of/mean...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; when used as a clarification either solicited or self-initiated. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The omission is similar to that in a phrase &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;речь о...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, where the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;идёт&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; gets omitted, Russian for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;it's about...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another expression of this type which came up in &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/16227/7674&quot;&gt;a response to another question&lt;/a&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я домой / на работу / в кино&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; where the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;иду&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is dropped - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;I'm off home / to work / to the movies&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-20T21:36:06.513" LastActivityDate="2018-04-20T21:36:06.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16254" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-20T23:13:05.783" Score="3" ViewCount="113" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вспоминать &lt;strong&gt;важные для него события&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{vs}: вспоминать &lt;strong&gt;важные события&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm assuming the prepositional phrase &amp;quot;для него&amp;quot;, coupled with &amp;quot;важные&amp;quot;, attributively modifies the noun &amp;quot;события&amp;quot;. Is it common in Russian to use a phrase like &amp;quot;для него&amp;quot; as part of piled-up attributive adjectives?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, I also wonder if it is possible to move &amp;quot;для него&amp;quot; to other positions. Or does &amp;quot;для него&amp;quot; lose its attributive value at these positions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вспоминать &lt;strong&gt;для него&lt;/strong&gt; важные события&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вспоминать важные события &lt;strong&gt;для него&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This type of piled-up attributive adjectives exists in German as well, though it sounds rather formal. What about in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-22T05:10:23.833" Title="&quot;важные для него события&quot;: Is it common to use a phrase like &quot;для него&quot; as part of piled-up attributive adjectives?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16254" CreationDate="2018-04-21T03:33:18.957" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;вспоминать важные для него события - the events important &lt;strong&gt;to him&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вспоминать важные события - remembering some events important in general, not necessarily important to him, personally. The 1812 War was an important event, and I can remember it, but it's not really &quot;важное &lt;strong&gt;для меня&lt;/strong&gt; событие&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вспоминать для него важные события&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вспоминать важные события для него&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;both sound wrong to my ear, especially the last one. The first one I can &quot;swallow&quot; but wouldn't say myself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вспоминать события, важные для него&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2446" LastActivityDate="2018-04-21T03:33:18.957" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16200" CreationDate="2018-04-21T12:36:03.983" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not feel like using &quot;история&quot; or &quot;истории&quot; changes the overall feeling of the sentence. It just depends on whether there was only one &quot;story&quot; or a couple.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to note that истор&lt;strong&gt;иями&lt;/strong&gt; с доп&lt;strong&gt;ингами&lt;/strong&gt; makes the sentence heavy and more difficult to pronounce. That is why the first option is preferable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10483" LastActivityDate="2018-04-21T12:36:03.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16252" CreationDate="2018-04-21T12:46:40.557" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is common to omit a verb. Especially if it is clear from the context or was used in the previous sentence. The verb &quot;lost&quot; in your example is &quot;говорю&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я вообще-то &lt;em&gt;говорю&lt;/em&gt; про то-то и то-то.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you probably know, the word &quot;to be&quot; is omitted all the time. Sometimes you will see the dash instead of it, sometimes not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10483" LastActivityDate="2018-04-21T12:46:40.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16258" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16230" CreationDate="2018-04-21T13:14:48.120" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;technology changes did have an effect on Russian. If you are using plane, you need to use the verb &quot;лететь&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Она улетела (полетела) в Нью-Йорк.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule of a thumb is to actually consider the means of transportation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But as long as you are not mentioning the destination point and just want to mention that you are leaving, you can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я пошел - &lt;em&gt;(literal: I went)&lt;/em&gt; I'm leaving.&#xA;Мне надо идти - I need to go.&#xA;Она уже ушла. - She has left.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So basically when you use the word &quot;уходить&quot; like that, without destination or not focusing on it, the English equivalent is &quot;to leave&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10483" LastActivityDate="2018-04-21T13:14:48.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16222" CreationDate="2018-04-21T13:21:02.233" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Создавалось ощущение, будто все мои немногочисленные знакомые в этом мире являются участниками огромного заговора, цель которого – свести меня с ума.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is basically the same as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня создавалось ощущение, будто все мои немногочисленные знакомые в этом мире являются участниками огромного заговора, цель которого – свести меня с ума.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no palpable difference, honestly. I'm a native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10483" LastActivityDate="2018-04-21T13:21:02.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16252" CreationDate="2018-04-21T15:10:19.930" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The exact expression with &lt;strong&gt;вообще-то&lt;/strong&gt; (actually) with the omitted verb &lt;strong&gt;говорю&lt;/strong&gt; (I am speaking) typically occurs &lt;em&gt;in the middle&lt;/em&gt; of a conversation where the listener has just revealed misunderstanding of the subject. The &lt;em&gt;ground&lt;/em&gt; for omitting the &lt;em&gt;verb&lt;/em&gt; here is that the listening person anyway faces the continuing fact of &lt;em&gt;speaking&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That very expression is highly unlikely to be seen in a written text since it's a kind of interaction with another person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-04-21T15:10:19.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16254" CreationDate="2018-04-21T15:31:21.910" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase &lt;strong&gt;для него&lt;/strong&gt; actually modifies the meaning of the adjective &lt;strong&gt;важные&lt;/strong&gt; here, from '&lt;em&gt;absolutely&lt;/em&gt; important' into '&lt;em&gt;personally&lt;/em&gt; important', so it tends to follow that adjective in case of changing the word order, e. g. another possible version:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вспоминать события, важные для него&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last two examples from the question sound a bit strange and mean that somebody tries to recall some (absolutely) important events in order to help somebody else (the mentioned person).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-04-21T15:31:21.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16254" CreationDate="2018-04-21T18:28:29.193" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd answer the second part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вспоминать для него важные события&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is not very nicely written, as other answers outline, but means &quot;to remember events, important for him&quot;, as probably intended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вспоминать важные события для него&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;does not convey the feeling that the one, who is remembering, and the one for who the events are important, are the same person. So it's like &quot;[the investigator was asking for details, so John Doe started] remembering the events, important for him&quot;, here the last &quot;him&quot; is not clearly stated, but implies that it's important for investigator and not John Doe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2018-04-21T18:28:29.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16263" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16412" CreationDate="2018-04-22T02:32:01.240" Score="5" ViewCount="1715" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was taught that the translation of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;what&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt;, but recently I noticed that people use &lt;strong&gt;чего&lt;/strong&gt; in the same meaning of &quot;what?&quot;. Is that useage correct or slang or what is it?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;n.b. I don't know a language that has more than one translation to &quot;what&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="6907" LastEditDate="2018-04-22T04:12:29.800" LastActivityDate="2018-05-17T08:44:39.650" Title="What is the difference between что and чего?" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16264" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16265" CreationDate="2018-04-22T04:51:01.280" Score="2" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;So there was this exercise in our textbook asking us to translate the phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Could you please tell me how to get to the institute by metro&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a while I came up with &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;скажите, пожалуйста, как &lt;strong&gt;проехать в институт&lt;/strong&gt; на метро?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which &lt;em&gt;seems&lt;/em&gt; to be fine, but I also found this alternative translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;скажите, пожалуйста, как &lt;strong&gt;доехать до института&lt;/strong&gt; на метро?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and it left me wondering about the interchangeability of these verbs. Are they really interchangeable in this case? Which variant is more likely to used in everyday speech?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T16:05:50.150" Title="Interchangeability of доехать and проехать" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16264" CreationDate="2018-04-22T06:23:20.807" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Проехать в&quot; and &quot;Доехать до&quot; are largely interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &quot;проехать в&quot; literally means &quot;get through to&quot;, so it is implied that destination's location is likely known, but the path to it is unclear. &quot;Доехать до&quot; means &quot;get to&quot;, and the location is relatively distant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как доехать до Петербурга&quot; would mean &quot;How to get to Petersburg&quot; from a distant location (like Moscow). &quot;Как проехать в Петербург&quot; would mean the same, but from a much closer place, like a suburb Peterhof.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-04-22T06:23:20.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16267" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-22T12:26:02.760" Score="2" ViewCount="365" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hey I'm confused about the use of  случаться vs происходить, as well as бывать and статься. They appear high up on most of the frequency lists I've seen, I've read that случаться  describes a random happening, while бывать is more something that happens more habitually.  So I guess, if that's agreed to be the case, do происходить and статься differ along that line as well? Or generally, what is the relationship between these words?&#xA;Thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10322" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T09:43:43.477" Title="случаться vs происходить vs статься" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16269" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-23T05:05:47.170" Score="3" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Шли бы вы&lt;/strong&gt; куда еще, а? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Imperfective Past + &quot;бы&quot; + Subject&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the presence of &quot;бы&quot; accompanied by the &lt;em&gt;conditional&lt;/em&gt; past, is it close to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you guys could go somewhere else, hum?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, how does the perfective version differ in meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пошли бы вы&lt;/strong&gt; куда еще, а? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Perfective Past + &quot;бы&quot; + Subject&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T16:53:36.683" Title="How polite does this construction sound: &quot;Шли бы вы куда еще?&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16264" CreationDate="2018-04-23T06:28:23.727" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Despite it's safe to use either expression to make your needs understood, there &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; a difference. The version &lt;strong&gt;доехать до&lt;/strong&gt; (to get to) is universal and is suitable for any situation, including the expected changing types of transport in that process. The version &lt;strong&gt;проехать в/к&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;em&gt;more specific&lt;/em&gt; and is typically about &lt;strong&gt;the route&lt;/strong&gt; - it's for a '&lt;em&gt;topological&lt;/em&gt;' question, e. g. if you're asking it with a metro map in your hands (or if you're driving a car). However, if you don't have a map before you both and are expecting to hear which trains to take and where to switch lines, it's about general getting to that place, and the version &lt;strong&gt;доехать&lt;/strong&gt; would sound &lt;em&gt;more natural&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2018-04-23T16:05:50.150" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T16:05:50.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16272" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-23T06:31:20.427" Score="6" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы мне клиентов &lt;strong&gt;распугиваете&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы мне клиентов &lt;strong&gt;отпугиваете&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I correct in assuming that the prefix &amp;quot;от-&amp;quot; simply conveys the idea of someone moving away from a place, whereas the suffix &amp;quot;рас-/раз-&amp;quot; is more about multiple people being scattered in multiple directions, and in a disorderly manner, at that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, I wonder if the dative &amp;quot;мне&amp;quot; in this instance  means &amp;quot;(scare off ...) from me&amp;quot;  rather than &amp;quot;to/for me&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-28T06:58:45.990" Title="Nuances between &quot;распугивать&quot; and &quot;отпугивать&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16272" CreationDate="2018-04-23T07:16:12.887" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your understanding of the difference in the verbs' meaning is absolutely spot on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;pас-/отпугивать мне&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is not &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;from me&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, it means &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to my displeasure and inconvenience&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. A difficult one to render idiomatically in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a colloquial expression of displeasure or indignation with someone else's actions when they interfere with or disturb one's comfort, plans etc. For example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что ты мне тут расселся? - What's up with you sitting around here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы мне тут ходите туда-сюда, а я убирай &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;(a typical rant from a grumpy cleaner)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты мне оставь/брось эти выходки! - You'd better stop your tricks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;отпугивать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be used with preposition &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;от&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;em&gt;Genitive&lt;/em&gt;, but not so much &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;распугивать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. The latter doesn't go well together with indirect object. One it can be used successfully with in my opinion is that which denotes a place and is governed by preposition &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;из/с(о)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;em&gt;Genitive&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-28T06:58:45.990" LastActivityDate="2018-04-28T06:58:45.990" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16055" CreationDate="2018-04-23T08:42:45.710" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Not to mention that the very idea of using Nominative Plural following any preposition pulled me up short&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My personal shot on this, is that we omit few words here. This manifests in that the sense of this plural word in this specific phrase is different from a usual meaning of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;гожусь ли я в напарники?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would deconstruct this pattern like &quot;Am I fit enough &lt;em&gt;for merging myself&lt;/em&gt; into &lt;em&gt;the group&lt;/em&gt; &quot;teammates&quot; ?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, &quot;teammates&quot; - &quot;напарники&quot; becomes a title, a name of some group.&#xA;And the &quot;group&quot; - omitted in this pattern - is in normal Accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider perhaps this question and my comment to it: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/14727/&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Aэропорт &amp;quot;Домодедово&amp;quot; - why not genitve?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T08:42:45.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16267" CreationDate="2018-04-23T09:43:43.477" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;случиться&lt;/strong&gt; - to happen accidentally or unexpectedly, to occur&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Случилось&lt;/em&gt; так, что в назначенный день адвокат заболел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Случилось&lt;/em&gt; странное происшествие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;произойти&lt;/strong&gt; - to take place due to reasons, having an explanation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из-за явного нарушения правил безопасности &lt;em&gt;произошёл&lt;/em&gt; пожар.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как и прогнозировали, в этом месяце &lt;em&gt;произошло&lt;/em&gt; извержение вулкана.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;статься&lt;/strong&gt; (bookish, archaic) - to end up with some situation (for unknown reason), to have some destiny in the end&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Может статься&lt;/em&gt; (= сложиться так), что мы больше не встретимся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- А &lt;em&gt;что сталось&lt;/em&gt; с тем поручиком?&#xA;-- Лет через 10 примкнул к повстанцам в Греции и погиб.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T09:43:43.477" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16272" CreationDate="2018-04-23T10:37:24.317" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While the prefix &lt;strong&gt;от-&lt;/strong&gt; here works almost literally as a directional one (they tend to scare the clients into getting &lt;em&gt;away from&lt;/em&gt; the business person), the prefix &lt;strong&gt;рас-&lt;/strong&gt; works idiomatically. It adds &lt;strong&gt;intensity&lt;/strong&gt; in case of imperfective &lt;strong&gt;распугиваете&lt;/strong&gt; (like, many clients each minute, one by one) and &lt;strong&gt;resultativeness&lt;/strong&gt; in case of perfective &lt;strong&gt;распугаете/распугали&lt;/strong&gt; (I'll finally lose or I have lost &lt;em&gt;every&lt;/em&gt; potential client). So the direction remains indefinite (just away) in that case, as in this typical expression about fishing ( = &lt;strong&gt;every&lt;/strong&gt; fish will swim &lt;em&gt;away&lt;/em&gt; from here):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не шуми, (всю) рыбу распугаешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T10:37:24.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16278" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16269" CreationDate="2018-04-23T13:40:20.570" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both sentences are insults phrased as 'polite' requests. The conditional version is normally more polite which makes it sound even more oxymoronic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A common Russian insult is telling someone to go f*ck themselves (иди на х*й!) with numerous euphemisms for х*й including: лесом, в баню, куда подальше, куда еще, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The imperative иди can be replaced by an even more rude пошёл or softened to a conditional negated form А не пойти бы вам... making the whole phrase sound 'polite' bit still insulting. This form was often used by intelligentsia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-04-23T16:53:36.683" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T16:53:36.683" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16279" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-23T14:51:29.407" Score="2" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;What would be the best way to render this sentence in Russian so that it doesn't become clumsy and tautological?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This is one of the main services and features of the product.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem here is that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;services&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;features&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (the way they're translated) are of different genders in Russian so the numeral &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  must agree with each of them in gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most straightforward way of rendering it would be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это один из основных сервисов и одна из основных функций изделия&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but the structure &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;один из...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  isn't usually repeated in relation to the same object, and that makes the sentence unnecessarily pleonastic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;In a movie &quot;Контрабанда&quot; (1974) there's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/gyNL1JbdESg?t=50m57s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;phrase&lt;/a&gt; affected with a similar problem of disagreement, although a bit more forgivable&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Одна из&lt;/strong&gt; самых аккуратных и дисциплинированных &lt;strong&gt;членов&lt;/strong&gt; нашего экипажа.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-28T17:21:25.087" LastActivityDate="2018-04-28T17:21:25.087" Title="Один из + enumerated parts of different genders" Tags="&lt;syntax&gt;&lt;wording&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16279" CreationDate="2018-04-23T15:30:06.937" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indeed repeating &lt;em&gt;&quot;один из&quot;&lt;/em&gt; makes the sentence clumsy. Additionally, the word &lt;em&gt;&quot;сервис&quot;&lt;/em&gt; in Russian sounds odd to my ear. I would replace it with old-fashioned &lt;em&gt;&quot;служебная функция&quot;.&lt;/em&gt; Then both words become of the same gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это одна из основных служебных функций изделия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это одна из основных служебных функций и характеристик изделия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T15:30:06.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16281" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-23T16:58:57.983" Score="2" ViewCount="651" Body="&lt;p&gt;A man used the first and a woman used the second, to each other. What exactly do they mean? Are they naughty terms of endearment or harmless, cute ones?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;:-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Context: Armenian man and Ukrainian woman from Lviv writing to each other in Latin script Online. I have spelled exactly as they have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10493" LastEditorUserId="10493" LastEditDate="2018-04-27T05:43:46.167" LastActivityDate="2018-04-27T15:45:26.920" Title="What do these mean: pupushik and pupushonok?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;slang&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16281" CreationDate="2018-04-23T17:35:52.107" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think they said &lt;code&gt;кукушка&lt;/code&gt; (cuckoo) and &lt;code&gt;кукушонок&lt;/code&gt; (little cuckoo).&#xA;The following tongue twister was meant:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кукушка кукушонку купила капюшон. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Надел кукушонок капюшон. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как в капюшоне он смешон.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(The cuckoo bought a hood for the little cuckoo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The little cuckoo put the hood on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How funny looks it now.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9029" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T17:35:52.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16281" CreationDate="2018-04-23T18:19:02.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's take a potshot at it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe these are &lt;strong&gt;пупсик&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;пупсёнок&lt;/strong&gt;, which are (at least the first one) not uncommon as names of endearment between romantic partners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here're translation options for &lt;strong&gt;пупсик&lt;/strong&gt; from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=2&amp;amp;l2=1&amp;amp;s=%EF%F3%EF%F1%E8%EA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Multitran&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;kewpie; kewpie doll; munchkin; baby doll; cutie&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  cutie pie&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  babycakes; pookie&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But a picture is worth a 1000 words&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3awHL.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/3awHL.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IiXmT.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/IiXmT.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ПУПС&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-23T21:29:46.143" LastActivityDate="2018-04-23T21:29:46.143" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16281" CreationDate="2018-04-23T21:54:28.327" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;пупсик&lt;/code&gt; is a word in common use — &lt;em&gt;naughty term of endearment or harmless, cute one&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use suffix &lt;code&gt;-онок&lt;/code&gt; — &lt;code&gt;пупсёнок&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is not really in common use, but every-one still get it. The word has the same meaning. Maybe a little cutier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, &lt;code&gt;pupushik&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;pupushonok&lt;/code&gt; — &lt;code&gt;пупушик&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;пупушонок&lt;/code&gt; — it is not known words for a Russian speaker, but they are similar to &lt;code&gt;пупсик&lt;/code&gt;, everyone will notice that, and will assume what it is some kind of &lt;em&gt;naughty terms of endearment or harmless, cute ones&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8568" LastEditorUserId="8568" LastEditDate="2018-04-24T10:08:11.630" LastActivityDate="2018-04-24T10:08:11.630" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16285" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-24T00:01:33.017" Score="2" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Care to explain what's the deal with these earrings, &lt;strong&gt;why such a fuss?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wanted to express this idea in Russian. I wonder which interrogative adverb is best suited for this context and how they are nuanced. I'm assuming that &amp;quot;зачем&amp;quot; is somehow different from the rest and not sure if &amp;quot;куда&amp;quot; in the sense of &amp;quot;what for&amp;quot; can be used this way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не объяснишь, что это за серьги, &lt;strong&gt;отчего&lt;/strong&gt; шум?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не объяснишь, что это за серьги, &lt;strong&gt;почему&lt;/strong&gt; шум?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не объяснишь, что это за серьги, &lt;strong&gt;зачем&lt;/strong&gt; шум?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не объяснишь, что это за серьги, &lt;strong&gt;откуда&lt;/strong&gt; шум?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не объяснишь, что это за серьги, &lt;strong&gt;куда&lt;/strong&gt; шум?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-24T19:08:31.313" Title="Nuances between &quot;отчего/почему/зачем/откуда/куда шум&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16286" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-24T01:42:06.493" Score="6" ViewCount="133" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Care to explain &lt;strong&gt;what's the deal with&lt;/strong&gt; these earrings, why such a fuss?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wanted to express this idea in Russian. How are these two expressions nuanced here? I wonder if &amp;quot;что там с ...&amp;quot; implies that there will surely be some story to be told about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не объяснишь, &lt;strong&gt;что это за&lt;/strong&gt; серьги, отчего шум?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не объяснишь, &lt;strong&gt;что там с&lt;/strong&gt; этими серьгами, отчего шум?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-25T08:32:32.060" Title="Nuances between &quot;что это за серьги&quot; and &quot;что там с этими серьгами&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16285" CreationDate="2018-04-24T04:30:45.847" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe none of these  would do. I'd rather say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не объяснишь, что это за серьги, &lt;strong&gt;из‐за чего&lt;/strong&gt; шум/крик/скандал/кипеш/сыр-бор/ажиотаж?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из‐за чего means &quot;what's the reason of&quot; or &quot;what caused all that fuss? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отчего, почему is used for reason, зачем for purpose, откуда for the place where it comes from,origin. Куда makes no sense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-04-24T04:54:35.067" LastActivityDate="2018-04-24T04:54:35.067" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16286" CreationDate="2018-04-24T04:45:22.797" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не объяснишь, что там с этими серьгами, отчего шум?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sentence is better. &lt;strong&gt;Что там с&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;what's the matter with&quot;, whereas you can use the first sentence, but the meaning is more general &quot;what kind of earrings are they?&quot;. &lt;strong&gt;Отчего&lt;/strong&gt; expresses a general reason &lt;strong&gt;из‐за чего&lt;/strong&gt; is more about details. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-04-24T04:45:22.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16289" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16293" CreationDate="2018-04-24T15:39:18.877" Score="2" ViewCount="316" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which modern dialects of Russian still pronounce the genitive adjective ending &lt;em&gt;ого&lt;/em&gt; as written, instead of &lt;em&gt;ово&lt;/em&gt;?  Donbass, perhaps?  Is the sound closer to &lt;em&gt;g&lt;/em&gt; or to &lt;em&gt;h&lt;/em&gt;?  Are students being compelled to use the standard Moscow pronunciation in school?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10439" LastActivityDate="2018-04-25T09:51:44.673" Title="Dialectical pronunciation of “-ого”" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16289" CreationDate="2018-04-24T17:47:57.700" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I unfortunately can't answer the first and the last questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But i will remark that currently Donbass is not unique in this respect, they speak Russian with the same accent as the rest of Ukraine including &lt;strong&gt;-aвa&lt;/strong&gt;-ing the &lt;strong&gt;-ого&lt;/strong&gt; ending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's rather native Ukrainian speakers who speaking Russian would pronounce &lt;strong&gt;-ого&lt;/strong&gt; ending as &lt;strong&gt;-оho&lt;/strong&gt; because this is how it's pronounced in Ukrainian or villagers speaking heavy &lt;em&gt;surjik&lt;/em&gt; as it's called, a Russian contaminated with Ukrainian pronunciation, where Russian words are pronounced as if they were Ukrainian, mainly through replacement of the closed &lt;strong&gt;Е&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt; with the open &lt;strong&gt;Э&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt;, of &lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt; with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;voiced glottal fricative&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;[ɦ]&lt;/strong&gt; and interspersing speech with some most basic Ukrainian vocabulary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't call it a dialect, but rather a distorted form of language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The memorable General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU &quot;the dear&quot; L.I. Brezhnev was the one to pronounce &lt;strong&gt;-ого&lt;/strong&gt; like &lt;strong&gt;-aho&lt;/strong&gt; or even &lt;strong&gt;-aha&lt;/strong&gt;, but he wasn't a Donbass native, he was from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dnepropetrovsk region&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-25T09:51:44.673" LastActivityDate="2018-04-25T09:51:44.673" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16291" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16285" CreationDate="2018-04-24T19:08:31.313" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не объяснишь, что это за серьги, отчего шум?   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не объяснишь, что это за серьги, почему шум?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;... why the fuss?&quot; &quot;Почему&quot; sounds a little better, but there is no difference in the meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не объяснишь, что это за серьги, зачем шум?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;... why create the fuss?&quot; Implying &quot;we/they don't need to attract attention&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не объяснишь, что это за серьги, откуда шум?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;... who is making the fuss?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не объяснишь, что это за серьги, куда шум?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not a proper Russian phrase. Will be understood, but  can appear as colloquial in some circles only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-04-24T19:08:31.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16289" CreationDate="2018-04-25T06:02:51.133" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dictionary prescribed standard is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ово&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Moscow pronunciation is not really a modern term today (you probably meant historical Moscow norm, but today the pronunciation is prescribed by dictionaries and everyone is expected to say &lt;em&gt;ово&lt;/em&gt; both in Moscow and Vladivostok, students in all places are expected to be taught the standard, in fact parents would have taught them it before school already). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there are instances when &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ого&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ending could be pronounced as written. This is in R.Orthodox church sermons and usages connected with church, especially when quoting Bible in Church Slavonic, for in Church Slanovic it is pronounced AS WRITTEN (basically everything is pronounced as written in Church Slavonic). Outside of church or historical (biblical) text context such usage would be regarded old-fashioned and sounding a bit funny. My guess is &lt;strong&gt;ого&lt;/strong&gt;-ending is anachronism and reflects the Church Slavonic roots of Russian (earlier historical Russian usages). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for Ukranian and South Russia dialects (the latter I hear often at work), the speakers would pronouce such word as &lt;strong&gt;другого&lt;/strong&gt; as [druhova], where 1st Russian &lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt; becomes Ukraninan &lt;strong&gt;vocalized h&lt;/strong&gt;, but there's actually no need for them to change Russian &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; in ого-ending, at least I hear that this sound is pronounced as all other Russian speakers do (that is &lt;em&gt;oго&lt;/em&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-04-25T06:02:51.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16286" CreationDate="2018-04-25T08:32:32.060" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;что это за серьги&lt;/strong&gt;, отчего шум?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is asked about the earrings. What are they, where are they from, whom they belong to etc. The asking person doesn't know anything about these earrings and is interested what is so special about them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;что там с этими серьгами&lt;/strong&gt;, отчего шум?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is asked what is going on with these earrings. The asking person do know which earrings are meant and is interested now why there's so much fuss and agitation about them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2018-04-25T08:32:32.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16279" CreationDate="2018-04-25T13:18:14.570" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is possible to use a similar clause where the different genders don't matter. As for the meaning of 'service' here, without a context I can only suppose that 'main service of the product' could be something like '&lt;strong&gt;serving for&lt;/strong&gt; some task' or '&lt;strong&gt;serving as&lt;/strong&gt; some specific appliance'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это можно отнести &lt;em&gt;к числу&lt;/em&gt; основных применений и возможностей изделия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-04-25T13:18:14.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16281" CreationDate="2018-04-27T15:39:25.360" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both of these words are 'russified' forms of a colloquial Armenian word &lt;strong&gt;pupush / պուպուշ.&lt;/strong&gt; According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://hy.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Armenian Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; it is an adjective meaning &lt;em&gt;lovely, sweetheart.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian words &lt;em&gt;пупушик&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;пупушонок&lt;/em&gt; are nouns that are formed using diminutive suffixes &lt;em&gt;-ик&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;-онок.&lt;/em&gt; Based on sparse internet usage, these words are used as cute terms of endearment (&quot;pet names&quot;) applied to loved ones and children.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2018-04-27T15:45:26.920" LastActivityDate="2018-04-27T15:45:26.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16298" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-27T18:21:26.447" Score="5" ViewCount="197" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Надо же&lt;/strong&gt;, кто бы мог подумать? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%B6%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiki&lt;/a&gt; says that &quot;надо же&quot; is used to express surprise, so I'm assuming an expression like &quot;кто бы мог подумать&quot; can be coupled with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you give some other examples of how &quot;надо же&quot; is used in conversation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I wonder if  &quot;надо же&quot; might not be a shortened form of an expression that includes some verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-04-27T21:23:46.053" LastActivityDate="2018-05-03T20:49:48.703" Title="Is &quot;надо же&quot; shortened from what?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16298" CreationDate="2018-04-27T18:27:44.217" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &amp;quot;Надо же!&amp;quot; expresses surprise and can as well be followed by &amp;quot;Кто бы мог подумать!&amp;quot; A few examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надо же как время летит!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;― Такой молодой ― и надо же! ― вздохнула Нюра.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...И надеваю третью коробку себе на голову. ― Надо же! ― удивляется папа. ― И голова пригодилась!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I can't recommend &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruscorpora.ru/search-main.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ruscorpora.ru&lt;/a&gt; enough: it's a great resource when you need examples.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Надо же&lt;/strong&gt; can have many continuations, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%B6%D0%B5%E2%80%A6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Надо же было такому случиться!&lt;/a&gt; (Must this have happened?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надо же было попасть под дождь! (Did I have to get in the rain?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надо же было сломать ногу! (What are the chances of me breaking a leg?!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not every надо же expresses surprise. It can simply mean &amp;quot;one must&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надо же что-то придумать! - We have to think of something!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надо же быть объективным. - One has to be objective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-27T19:19:17.670" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16298" CreationDate="2018-04-28T10:35:18.497" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not sure, but I suppose &quot;надо же&quot; is indeed a shortened &quot;надо жe было этому случиться!&quot; which is something like &quot;Must really something like that had to happen!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider the 1986 Soviet song, where repeat is built over those words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://teksty-pesenok.ru/rus-alla-pugachyova/tekst-pesni-nado-zhe-bylo-takomu-sluchit/1734014/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://teksty-pesenok.ru/rus-alla-pugachyova/tekst-pesni-nado-zhe-bylo-takomu-sluchit/1734014/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOmKl2zkHCc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOmKl2zkHCc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2018-04-28T10:35:18.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16301" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-29T00:38:46.520" Score="3" ViewCount="438" Body="&lt;p&gt;For context, whether or not it even matters, I am a professional musician and a native Russian speaker was asking me just now about when my love for music first manifested itself. I replied with a lengthy tirade, closing it with a&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так что любовь [к музыке] проснулась рано, а мозги &lt;strong&gt;позднее&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then I read it back and started second-guessing myself. Should it not have been &quot;позже&quot; instead? Is &quot;позднее&quot; even a word? Sounds kinda strange, yet sounds kinda right. Is this a purely stylistic difference? One of register, dialect, age? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is this maybe even a widespread thing and there are similar pairings for other adverbs that I should be wary of but never even noticed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="153" LastActivityDate="2018-04-29T10:18:45.130" Title="&quot;Позже&quot; vs. &quot;позднее&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;&lt;formality&gt;&lt;comparative&gt;&lt;сравнительный&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16301" CreationDate="2018-04-29T06:04:35.797" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Розенталь says that some adverbs can have two synthetic comparative forms :более – больше, менее – меньше, далее – дальше, ранее – раньше, позднее – позже, where the forms with &lt;strong&gt;-ее&lt;/strong&gt; are bookish or formal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Списки избирателей должны быть составлены не &lt;strong&gt;позднее&lt;/strong&gt; указанного срока.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;whereas those with &lt;strong&gt;- ше(-же)&lt;/strong&gt; are neutral and can be used in both bookish and colloquial styles. Neutral forms are used more widely and eagerly.&#xA; In reality we don't strictly obey &quot;the rules&quot; and most often use them interchangeably though the above-mentioned preference remains. Besides there is one more form &lt;strong&gt;попозже&lt;/strong&gt; (a bit later) which is also frequently used.&#xA; There's no difference in meaning позднее/позже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-04-29T06:14:50.603" LastActivityDate="2018-04-29T06:14:50.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16301" CreationDate="2018-04-29T07:09:28.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To me the sentence sounds perfectly fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, and as already implied in V.V.'s response, it's a matter of style and usus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to my gut feeling the choice of &lt;strong&gt;позже&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;позднее&lt;/strong&gt; affects wording of a clause and simple substitution of one with the other won't do. With &lt;strong&gt;позже&lt;/strong&gt; it would sound more euphonic being worded as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так что любовь [к музыке] проснулась рано, &lt;strong&gt;а (уже) позже - мозги&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так что любовь [к музыке] проснулась рано, &lt;strong&gt;а мозги уже/намного позже&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could imagine the reason for uneasiness being the fact that &lt;strong&gt;позднее&lt;/strong&gt; is contraposed to a simple antonym &lt;strong&gt;рано&lt;/strong&gt; rather than to its comparative form &lt;strong&gt;раньше/ранее&lt;/strong&gt;, which is somewhat illogical. In this case the sentence can be reworded to avoid both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-04-29T07:09:28.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16304" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-29T07:43:14.893" Score="3" ViewCount="134" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ничего себе&lt;/strong&gt;, тебе удалось ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Надо же&lt;/strong&gt;, тебе удалось ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the surface, they appear to be synonyms used to express your surprise, &amp;quot;wow&amp;quot;, but how are they nuanced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm assuming that you use &amp;quot;надо же&amp;quot; when something &lt;strong&gt;unexpected&lt;/strong&gt; has happened, while  &amp;quot;ничего себе&amp;quot; is used when you are &lt;strong&gt;impressed&lt;/strong&gt; with what someone has unexpectedly done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two expressions might have some overlapping uses, but I wonder if there are any instances where they are simply not interchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-30T04:51:25.337" Title="Nuances between &quot;ничего себе&quot; and &quot;надо же&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16301" CreationDate="2018-04-29T10:18:45.130" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Позже&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;попозже&lt;/strong&gt; tend to express a time delay from some &lt;em&gt;event&lt;/em&gt; or from &lt;em&gt;current moment&lt;/em&gt;, while the version &lt;strong&gt;позднее&lt;/strong&gt; is typically based &lt;em&gt;on time in numbers&lt;/em&gt; (days, months, years, etc. - mentioned or not) and &lt;strong&gt;попозднее&lt;/strong&gt; often refers to some &lt;em&gt;later hours of day cycle&lt;/em&gt;. That is why &lt;strong&gt;(не) позднее&lt;/strong&gt; is used in formal conditional clauses with numbers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это было &lt;strong&gt;позже&lt;/strong&gt;. (Маркони &lt;strong&gt;позже&lt;/strong&gt; запатентовал радио, чем его изобрёл&#xA;  Попов.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Выплата зарплаты производится не &lt;strong&gt;позднее&lt;/strong&gt; 25 числа каждого месяца.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прихожи &lt;strong&gt;попозже&lt;/strong&gt; (я сейчас занят).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Приходи &lt;strong&gt;попозднее&lt;/strong&gt; (когда стемнеет, ближе к полуночи).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the example from your question, the version with &lt;strong&gt;позднее&lt;/strong&gt; most likely refers to some '&lt;em&gt;older age&lt;/em&gt;' while the version with &lt;strong&gt;позже&lt;/strong&gt; would mean '&lt;em&gt;later than my love to music did&lt;/em&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-04-29T10:18:45.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16306" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16319" CreationDate="2018-04-29T16:13:29.547" Score="7" ViewCount="363" Body="&lt;p&gt;Question: Does Russian have the concept of &quot;sentence fragments&quot; (as English does), and is it also clearly considered a grammatical mistake? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For an optional bonus part of this question, not required though, could you provide a link to a webpage discussing sentence fragments in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further explanation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English grammar, you may have heard about a &quot;sentence fragment&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Sentence fragments are groups of words that look like sentences, but aren't. To be a sentence, groups of words need to have at least one independent clause. An independent clause is any group of words that contain both a subject and a verb and can stand on its own.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&#xA;Some girls in the class.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fragment can be changed to a correct sentence, as follows:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some girls in the class study together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, the reason I am asking: &#xA;When learning Russian, as a beginner, I sometimes encounter what appear to be sentence fragments. Although it could simply be that I am not sufficiently accustomed to the fact that &quot;to be&quot; or &quot;is&quot; are omitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10509" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-04-29T17:22:41.400" LastActivityDate="2018-04-30T23:29:17.090" Title="Does Russian have the concept of &quot;sentence fragments&quot; (as English does)?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16306" CreationDate="2018-04-29T18:23:48.567" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't quite understand the &quot;sentence fragments&quot; thing but in situation when someone asks me &quot;Кто это?&quot;, I can safely answer &quot;Какие-то девушки&quot; (no verb, right?). Or, when I'm just sitting on a cliff at a sunset I can tell my girlfriend &quot;Красивый вид&quot; &lt;strike&gt;and then kiss her&lt;/strike&gt;. Even &quot;Красиво&quot; is enough. Actually, any single word can make a sentence in a certain situation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10510" LastActivityDate="2018-04-29T18:23:48.567" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16308" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16309" CreationDate="2018-04-29T19:07:48.997" Score="2" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Собо́р Каза́нской ико́ны Бо́жией Ма́тери&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is it not &lt;strong&gt;Божьей Матери&lt;/strong&gt; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Божьей is the feminine genitive of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;божий&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5584" LastActivityDate="2018-05-01T06:59:00.767" Title="Собо́р Каза́нской ико́ны Бо́жией Ма́тери" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16308" CreationDate="2018-04-29T19:16:07.070" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are two types of spelling of the same word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just like for example &lt;strong&gt;сиянье - сияние, ученье - учение&lt;/strong&gt;, and the rest of verbal nouns, all of which are current and legitimate today. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this particular case &lt;strong&gt;Божия&lt;/strong&gt; is an archaic form which is kept due to being  part of a proper name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example is &lt;strong&gt;вражья - вражия&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Feofan_Zatvornik/Pisma-o-raznykh-predmetakh-very-i-zhizni/#0_45&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Предостережения от прелести враж&lt;strong&gt;ие&lt;/strong&gt;й&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Feofan_Zatvornik/Pisma-o-raznykh-predmetakh-very-i-zhizni/#0_49&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Враж&lt;strong&gt;ия&lt;/strong&gt; логика&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The form pertains also to plural&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Feofan_Zatvornik/Pisma-o-raznykh-predmetakh-very-i-zhizni/#0_50&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;О враж&lt;strong&gt;иих&lt;/strong&gt; кознях&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Письма к разным лицам о разных предметах веры и жизни&quot; by Святитель Феофан Затворник (1815-1894)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://predanie.ru/feodor-studit-prepodobnyy/book/68042-feodor-studit-tvoreniya/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;отцы и брат&lt;strong&gt;ия&lt;/strong&gt; мои возлюбленные&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Прп. Феодор Студит, &quot;Творения&quot;, translation from 1871-2&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as well as to Instrumental of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;мысль&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;мыслию&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Feofan_Zatvornik/chetyre-slova-o-molitve/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;и мысл&lt;strong&gt;ию&lt;/strong&gt; и сердцем&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Четыре слова о молитве&quot;, Слово II by Св. Феофан Затворник, Nov 22, 1864&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;basically Instrumental of quite a few words belonging to the 3d declension group ending with &lt;strong&gt;-ь&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;1&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://azbyka.ru/bogosluzhenie/molitvoslov/molitv13.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Христос воскресе из мертвых, смерт&lt;strong&gt;ию&lt;/strong&gt; смерть поправ&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;  &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Easter lity&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://phraseology.academic.ru/13821/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9_%28%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%8E%29_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8E_%28%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8E%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;В свободное от должности время большею част&lt;strong&gt;ию&lt;/strong&gt; сижу дома&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Dostoevsky,&quot;The Landlady&quot; (1846—1847)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and multiple case declensions of the 2nd declension group neuters ending with &lt;strong&gt;-e&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;«Семейное счаст&lt;strong&gt;ие&lt;/strong&gt;»&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;roman by Leo Tolstoy (1859)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8_(%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;С счаст&lt;strong&gt;ие&lt;/strong&gt;м у вас разлад&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pushkin, Nov 1825&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.stihi-xix-xx-vekov.ru/rileev13.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;«Путь к счаст&lt;strong&gt;ию&lt;/strong&gt;»&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Rileyev 1821&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;статья&lt;/strong&gt; back in the 19th century would be spelled as &lt;strong&gt;статия&lt;/strong&gt; (nowadays this is the normative spelling in particular in Bulgarian)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=R5zsBQAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=RA1-PA72&amp;amp;lpg=RA1-PA72&amp;amp;dq=%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=w25KAM8MHe&amp;amp;sig=UJ70Sg-p3hxwJZs-FRjc5-vuZ38&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwiE7t6cp-DaAhUEyKYKHSETAnE4ChDoAQhTMAs#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Стат&lt;strong&gt;ия&lt;/strong&gt; по гривне&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Стат&lt;strong&gt;ия&lt;/strong&gt; по 3 алтына&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Кирилло-Белозерский монастырь и его устройство до второй четверти XVII века&quot; Том 1,  by Н. Никольский, 1897&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This might originate from the Church Slavonic or be a result of its influence as a liturgical language of Russian Orthodox Church. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar alternation would occur in the pair &lt;strong&gt;судья - судия&lt;/strong&gt;, of which the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.orthodic.org/?searchCs=&amp;amp;searchRu=%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8F&amp;amp;go.x=0&amp;amp;go.y=0&amp;amp;type=ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;second form&lt;/a&gt; is typical to Church Slavonic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;1&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;In fact such form of Instrumental ending (along with the modern form) for the said declension group is attested in textbooks on Old Russian. In particular in &quot;ДРЕВНЕРУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК. Учебно-методическое пособие&quot;, Appendix 3, table &quot;Существительные с основами на ĭ&quot;. So the suggestion of Church Slavonic influence may not apply to this case or even at all.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-01T06:59:00.767" LastActivityDate="2018-05-01T06:59:00.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16306" CreationDate="2018-04-29T20:25:20.753" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does Russian have the concept of &quot;sentence fragments&quot; (as English does)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, it does. This is called ellipsis (&lt;em&gt;эллипсис&lt;/em&gt;) and as far as I know it's a thing in every human language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it also clearly considered a grammatical mistake?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a rhetorical figure widely used in the language. If used properly, it is not perceived as incorrect by the speakers, despite the fact that its exact meaning is left to the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, this famous poem by the Russian author Foeth:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Шёпот, робкое дыханье,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Трели соловья,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Серебро и колыханье&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Сонного ручья,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Свет ночной, ночные тени,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Тени без конца,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ряд волшебных изменений&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Милого лица,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В дымных тучках пурпур розы,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Отблеск янтаря,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И лобзания, и слезы,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И заря, заря!..  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;does not have a single verb in it, but I doubt it can be called &quot;a grammatical mistake&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-04-29T20:25:20.753" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16308" CreationDate="2018-04-29T23:29:52.650" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The church was named long before &quot;Божьей&quot; became a grammatic norm. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More importantly, Russian Orthodox Church uses Church Slavonic for many things, including official naming. This particular brand of Slavonic is very archaic and preserves letters, words and grammatic constructs that fell into disuse centuries ago. Don't bother trying to learn it, simply keep in mind that whenever something relating Church is considered, something weird might pop up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastActivityDate="2018-04-29T23:29:52.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16304" CreationDate="2018-04-30T01:07:23.587" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Надо же&quot; is used with a tinge of annoyance, saying you didn't expect it to happen but it happened.&quot;Ничего себе&quot; is more positive than the previous version. In any case, everything depends on the intonation of the person, any of these phrases can be pronounced either with a positive connotation or negative.&#xA;For example: &quot;Надо же, тебе опять повезло&quot; and &quot;Ничего себе, ты поменял стрижку!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10511" LastActivityDate="2018-04-30T01:07:23.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16304" CreationDate="2018-04-30T04:51:25.337" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ничего себе reflects greater surprise. You really express emotion, while надо же can be used without any emothion &quot;I did not expect this, but so it happened, okay&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2018-04-30T04:51:25.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16314" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-04-30T04:55:58.963" Score="4" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чьи &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; были деньги?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{instead of}: Чьи &lt;strong&gt;эти&lt;/strong&gt; были деньги?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I'm struggling to wrap my head around is why you need to use the singular &amp;quot;это&amp;quot; with all the other plural words here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should I interpret the sentence structure this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чьи деньги были это?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{or}: Это были чьи деньги?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To complicate matters further, both &amp;quot;эти&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;это&amp;quot; seem to work in the present tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чьи &lt;strong&gt;эти&lt;/strong&gt; деньги?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чьи &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; деньги?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-30T21:16:31.083" Title="How to parse the construction &quot;Чьи это были деньги?&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16220" CreationDate="2018-04-30T05:00:19.863" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Да будет вам известно = Be it known to you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2018-04-30T05:00:19.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16314" CreationDate="2018-04-30T07:39:20.453" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Чьи &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; были деньги? - Accent on WHO own this money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чьи были &lt;strong&gt;эти&lt;/strong&gt; деньги? - Accent on MONEY type or source of this MONEY.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For example:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I brought some money to You. 1000 RUR + 100 USD.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You ask:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Чьи &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; деньги?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Answer:&lt;/strong&gt; Это всё наши с другом деньги.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You ask:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Чьи &lt;strong&gt;эти&lt;/strong&gt; деньги?&lt;/em&gt; (and point on 100 USD)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Answer:&lt;/strong&gt; Эти деньги - моего друга. Он добавил их к моим 1000 рублям (RUR).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9931" LastEditorUserId="9931" LastEditDate="2018-04-30T10:49:29.507" LastActivityDate="2018-04-30T10:49:29.507" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16314" CreationDate="2018-04-30T10:50:08.757" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another example of semantic difference between &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;эти&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Чьи это деньги? - Это мои деньги &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;possession&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -Чьи эти деньги? - Это американские деньги &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;source&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on DimXenon's example the &lt;em&gt;source&lt;/em&gt; of money (implied with &lt;strong&gt;эти&lt;/strong&gt;) means that someone furnished it, but whether it belongs to that person or not is beside the point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the sake of distinction maybe it's useful to treat &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Чьи ЭТО деньги?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Whose money is IT?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; while treating &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Чьи ЭТИ деньги?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Whose is THIS money?/Whose money is THIS?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-04-30T21:16:31.083" LastActivityDate="2018-04-30T21:16:31.083" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16314" CreationDate="2018-04-30T12:08:27.330" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unless you have a choice, you can use &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt;. Эти is more rarely used.&#xA;It also depends on the structure. If it is the subject, unchanged dummy &quot;it&quot;, you say это, no matter what the tense is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это были мои деньги. Это были российские купюры. Чьи это были деньги? Чьи это были купюры? Это мои деньги. Чьи это деньги?. Это российские купюры. Чьи это купюры?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in the following examples эти is a determiner, in Russian указательное местоимение, этот, эта,это(for neuter gender),эти (for plural )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эти купюры американские, а те российские. Где‐то я уже видел эти книги. Чьи эти деньги?(this very money)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-04-30T12:08:27.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16306" CreationDate="2018-04-30T23:29:17.090" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Russian Wikipedia (and this is exactly how I remember it from school), the sentence in Russian unlike in English, is not required to have the subject, a predicate or both. We don't call such structures &amp;quot;sentence fragments&amp;quot; and they are considered sentences, though &lt;em&gt;incomplete&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is from &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)#%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a sentence has all the required sentence members, then it is considered complete. An incomplete sentence is the one which misses formally necessary primary and secondary members, whose meaning is clear from the context or situation. … The incomplete sentences can be missing the subject as well as a predicate at the same time: &lt;em&gt;Where?&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Why?&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;[The &amp;quot;where&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;why&amp;quot; here are both sentences, we don't call them &amp;quot;sentence fragments]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если предложение содержит все необходимые члены предложения, то оно считается полным. Неполным предложением является предложение, в котором отсутствуют формально необходимые главные или второстепенные члены предложения, значение которых ясно из контекста или ситуации[6]. … В неполных предложениях может не быть одновременно как подлежащего, так и сказуемого: Куда? Зачем?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-04-30T23:29:17.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16320" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16321" CreationDate="2018-05-01T10:53:02.447" Score="2" ViewCount="268" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been studying Russian recently and I have come across a problem that I have been trying to resolve for some time now which involves the softening of consonants.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that there are certain vowels that indicate whether a consonant succeeding it would be hard or soft, for example the vowel 'e' would indicate that the consonant after it would soften while an 'a' would indicate that the consonant after it would harden (and of course, 'ь' is the most obvious indicator that a consonant preceding it would soften). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also understand that vowels and consonants come in pairs, so in frames of two characters both must either be hard or soft but not both. However, I have been trying to find a concise table that would provide transliterations of what consonants would sound like when softened. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that 'т' sounds similar to 'ц' when softened, but with more odd examples such as 'л' I am lost. I know that there are numerous sound recordings of words with softened and hardened characters, but as a beginner to this language it is hard to pick up the subtleties. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of the online Russian learning resources I have been to have so far only been stating the groups of vowels that harden or soften characters, not listing how the consonants sound or are transliterated when softened. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, I would be much obliged if anyone could help me in this matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10515" LastEditorUserId="10515" LastEditDate="2018-05-01T13:41:46.657" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T10:18:12.377" Title="What are the Latin Transliterations of Hard Consonants Converted to Soft Consonants?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 3.0" />
  <row Id="16321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16320" CreationDate="2018-05-01T11:41:18.480" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I understand that there are certain vowels that indicate whether a&#xA;  consonant succeeding it would be hard or soft, for example the vowel&#xA;  'e' would indicate that the consonant after it would soften while an&#xA;  'a' would indicate that the consonant after it would harden&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This assumption is incorrect. Softening and hardening works the other way round, that is what determines pronunciation of a consonant is the &lt;em&gt;following&lt;/em&gt; vowel, not the preceding one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please consider the word &lt;strong&gt;колЕно&lt;/strong&gt;. In it the soft consonant is &lt;strong&gt;Л&lt;/strong&gt; which &lt;em&gt;precedes&lt;/em&gt; the &lt;strong&gt;E&lt;/strong&gt;, and not &lt;strong&gt;Н&lt;/strong&gt; which follows it. In the inflected form (на) &lt;strong&gt;колЕнЕ&lt;/strong&gt; both &lt;strong&gt;Л&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Н&lt;/strong&gt; are soft due to each being followed by &lt;strong&gt;Е&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This logic applies to English as well (in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;tune&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;T&lt;/strong&gt; is soft due to &lt;strong&gt;U&lt;/strong&gt; while in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;tone&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; it's hard due to &lt;strong&gt;O&lt;/strong&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I also understand that vowels and consonants come in pairs, so in&#xA;  frames of two characters both must either be hard or soft but not&#xA;  both. However, I have been trying to find a concise table that would&#xA;  provide transliterations of what consonants would sound like when&#xA;  softened&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This assumption is also incorrect. Besides the fact the vowels cannot be hard or soft (although do affect softness or hardness), the members in pairs of consonants are distinguished by the degree of vocalization and not by hardness-softness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please consider one pair &lt;strong&gt;Д - Т&lt;/strong&gt; (basically equivalent to the English &lt;strong&gt;D - T&lt;/strong&gt;), of which both can be either hard or soft depending on the &lt;em&gt;following&lt;/em&gt; vowel. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Д&lt;/strong&gt;ело &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;soft&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Д&lt;/strong&gt;ом &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;hard&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Т&lt;/strong&gt;ело &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;soft&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Т&lt;/strong&gt;ом &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;hard&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the record, &lt;strong&gt;Т&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Ц&lt;/strong&gt; aren't considered a pair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule of thumb is that &lt;strong&gt;E, И, Ю, Я&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Ё&lt;/strong&gt; soften &lt;em&gt;preceding&lt;/em&gt; consonants, while &lt;strong&gt;А, О, Э, У&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt; harden them. &lt;strong&gt;Ш&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Щ&lt;/strong&gt; are hard and a soft versions of the same sound and don't depend on the &lt;em&gt;following&lt;/em&gt; vowel. &lt;strong&gt;Ц&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Ж&lt;/strong&gt; are mostly hard regardless of the &lt;em&gt;following&lt;/em&gt; vowel. &lt;strong&gt;Ч&lt;/strong&gt; is always soft regardless of the &lt;em&gt;following&lt;/em&gt; vowel.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There're of course details but those i'm sure are covered in the textbooks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-07T10:18:12.377" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T10:18:12.377" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16322" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-02T11:59:52.053" Score="4" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я начинаю понимать, почему &lt;strong&gt;вы с Адамом&lt;/strong&gt; так &lt;strong&gt;близки&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;The intended meaning: &quot;you{singular, her interlocutor} and Adam are so close&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The speaker and her interlocutor are on close enough terms to call each other by &quot;ты&quot;, which rules out the possibility of her suddenly switching to the polite, singular &quot;вы&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, the context also makes it abundantly clear that her interlocutor is the only person here that she is referring to as having a close relationship with Adam, so it seems logical to discard the inexplicably  plural &quot;вы&quot; in favour of the casual, singular &quot;ты&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я начинаю понимать, почему &lt;strong&gt;ты&lt;/strong&gt; с Адамом так близок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This apparent idiosyncrasy -- using the plural &quot;вы (с Адамом)&quot; when, in fact, the casual, singular &quot;ты (с Адамом)&quot; is obviously implied -- throws me off here.  What is the rationale behind this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-05-02T13:30:33.643" LastActivityDate="2018-05-12T05:24:19.853" Title="&quot;вы с Адамом близки&quot;: Why use the plural &quot;вы&quot; to supposedly refer to the casual, singular &quot;you&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16322" CreationDate="2018-05-02T12:27:02.247" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;so it seems logical to discard the inexplicably plural &quot;вы&quot; in favour of the casual, singular &quot;ты&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This premise is wrong. It is plural &quot;вы&quot;. It is absolutely legit to use &quot;вы&quot; referring to a single present counterpart and their absent companions. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Father to child&lt;/em&gt;: Что вы сегодня делали на уроке математики? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, father does not use the polite singular &quot;вы&quot; addressing his child. &quot;Вы&quot; in this case refers to the child and their classmates even when they're absent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &quot;вы&quot; implies that the group of people which are being spoken about (ты и Адам, ребенок и одноклассники) have something common (are close to each other) or are/were/will be doing something together (as in the math class).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-05-02T13:11:24.947" LastActivityDate="2018-05-02T13:11:24.947" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16322" CreationDate="2018-05-02T12:46:35.717" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess the rationale is in that their intimacy/friendship is reciprocal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the addressee were the only one exercising intimacy/friendship in his relationship with Adam, it would be correct to say &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ты так близок&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But since relationship is an affair in which usually all parties are actively engaged the use of plural is much more prevalent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-02T12:51:36.943" LastActivityDate="2018-05-02T12:51:36.943" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8906" CreationDate="2018-05-03T11:14:20.410" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Крайний&lt;/strong&gt; - находящийся на границе какого-нибудь объекта (или интервала, диапазона): &lt;em&gt;крайнее окно справа&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;крайнее недовольство&lt;/em&gt; (недовольство на границе всех возможных уровней недовольства).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Последний&lt;/strong&gt; - имевший место позднее всех по времени (&lt;em&gt;последний поезд&lt;/em&gt;) или такой объект в ряду похожих, после которого эти объекты кончаются (&lt;em&gt;последний патрон&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иногда, смысл этих слов совпадает. Например, &lt;em&gt;крайний в очереди&lt;/em&gt; является так же и &lt;em&gt;последним в очереди&lt;/em&gt;, хотя второй вариант, на мой взгляд, является предпочтительным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В связи со своим значением слово &lt;strong&gt;последний&lt;/strong&gt; породило суеверие (изначально у представителей профессий, связанных с повышенным риском), основанное на представлении о том, что если назвать какое-либо событие &lt;em&gt;последним&lt;/em&gt;, оно станет последним в жизни говорящего или другого связанного с ним человека. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К сожалению, привычка неправильного употребления &lt;em&gt;крайний&lt;/em&gt; вместо &lt;em&gt;последний&lt;/em&gt; чрезвычайно распространилась в посдледние 20 лет и среди обывателей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastEditorUserId="9001" LastEditDate="2020-02-25T21:25:04.630" LastActivityDate="2020-02-25T21:25:04.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16326" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-03T15:26:20.273" Score="3" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm writing an app for Russian language learners and I am looking for a database (as a csv file for example or an API) of Russian verbs and their associated cases? For instance something that can tell me the verb &quot;дать&quot; takes &quot;что, кому&quot; or &quot;accusative, dative&quot; or &quot;винительный, дательный&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find anything online that will give me that information for every verb. Яндекс has a dictionary service and openrussian.org has a dictionary database as well, but I can't seem to find anywhere that has the correct cases for verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do anyone have any idea where I might be able to get my hands on something like that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10526" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T08:14:06.350" Title="Verb - question words database or api" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ClosedDate="2018-05-11T12:38:02.933" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16327" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16330" CreationDate="2018-05-03T16:39:17.940" Score="1" ViewCount="351" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хотя по какой-то причине в тоже время мне стало труднее ладить с&#xA;  другими девочками…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нужно ли обособить &quot;по какой-то причине&quot;, или после &quot;хотя&quot;, или тут и так всё нормально без запятых?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10527" LastActivityDate="2018-05-04T10:32:38.990" Title="Ставятся ли в этом предложении какие-нибудь запятые?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16298" CreationDate="2018-05-03T20:49:48.703" Score="0" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First case is an expression of some negative surprise:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Надо же было проиграть столько денег!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Надо же было мне ввязаться в их ссору!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, here we mean, that our doings had some negative consequences&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Another case is when you want to express, that you're or somebody else extremely need to take some actions:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Надо же как то отсюда выбраться!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Надо же что-то предпринять в такой ситуации&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7587" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-03T20:49:48.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16329" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-04T03:19:01.500" Score="4" ViewCount="136" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не могу &lt;strong&gt;отделаться&lt;/strong&gt; от мысли, что ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не могу &lt;strong&gt;избавиться&lt;/strong&gt; от мысли, что ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the phrase above, I feel more comfortable using &amp;quot;отделаться&amp;quot;, while in the following phrase I opt for &amp;quot;избавиться&amp;quot;. That said, I'm not sure if the other option in each is downright impossible. I wonder if &amp;quot;избавиться&amp;quot; tends to be followed by something more negative?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;избавиться&lt;/strong&gt; от моей компании&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;отделаться&lt;/strong&gt; от моей компании&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-05T10:29:53.527" Title="&quot;отделаться&quot; vs &quot;избавиться&quot;: When to use which one?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16330" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16327" CreationDate="2018-05-04T03:29:12.300" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нет причин выделять что‐либо запятыми. Вот примеры из корпуса русского языка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, многие живут с уверенностью, что должны быть безупречными, сильными, умными, и, когда по какой-то причине не могут соответствовать собственным требованиям, расстраиваются, а то и вовсе впадают в депрессию. [Юлия Кожева. Откровенные уроки, способные изменить мир.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если же человек по какой-то причине слышит эти голоса все время, его или объявляют шизофреником и изолируют от нормальных людей, или назначают пророком и сажают в золотую колесницу. [Виктор Пелевин. Любовь к трем цукербринам (2014)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обособляются предложные обороты, которые содержат объяснение того, о чем говорится в предложении, и выделяются интонационно: ...Детям, по причине малолетства, не определили никаких должностей, что, впрочем, нисколько не помешало им совершенно облениться… И. Тургенев, Малиновая вода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Те, что стоят между подлежащим и сказуемым, а не в начале предложения и в конце могут обособляться и нет --авторское решение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-04T10:32:38.990" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16329" CreationDate="2018-05-04T05:35:06.230" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The version &lt;strong&gt;избавиться&lt;/strong&gt; just points at the &lt;em&gt;result&lt;/em&gt; of getting rid of smth/smb, while the version &lt;strong&gt;отделаться&lt;/strong&gt; (sometimes, &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt;) means doing that with some &lt;em&gt;effort&lt;/em&gt; or paying a &lt;em&gt;price&lt;/em&gt; for it, which is not necessarily mentioned. An example with &lt;em&gt;mentioning&lt;/em&gt; the price: &lt;strong&gt;отделался лёгким испугом&lt;/strong&gt; (he got rid &lt;em&gt;of some situation&lt;/em&gt; at the price of just being frightened a bit; you can't use &lt;em&gt;избавился&lt;/em&gt; here). So there's an extra emphasis on the effort in your first example and therefore it might sound more convincing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P. S.&lt;/strong&gt; One more aspect of difference. The usage of &lt;strong&gt;отделаться&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;em&gt;limited&lt;/em&gt; to cases where some animated (usually human) force is involved: getting rid of some annoying person (typically, of their &lt;em&gt;presence&lt;/em&gt; but it's also possible to say &lt;em&gt;отделаться окончательно&lt;/em&gt;) like а taxman, a creditor or a blackmailer; of a bothering dog, etc. - by doing, giving or promising them something. In case of annoying thoughts (as in your example) it is also OK, since their source is human (like, action of 'someone inside my head'). But you need to use the more general &lt;strong&gt;избавиться&lt;/strong&gt; when speaking about e. g. a disease or some useless thing which you are going to sell or to throw away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-05-05T08:27:40.007" LastActivityDate="2018-05-05T08:27:40.007" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16329" CreationDate="2018-05-04T09:18:06.000" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although this distinction may not be strictly followed in usage, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;избавиться от&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; has a connotation of permanence and profundity, while &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;отделаться от&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is rather temporary and situational.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's possible &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;отделаться от&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; without &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;избавиться от&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;отделаться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is translated as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to shrug off, to shake off&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;избавиться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a cognate of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;избавление&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;salvation, deliverence&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, so when one &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;избавляется&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; one &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;salvages/extricates oneself&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which is usually construed as having lasting effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That which one &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;избавляется от&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; exerts greater influence on or power over them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a collocation such as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;избавиться от болезни/привычки/проблемы/иллюзий/(any personal quality)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  it can't be replaced with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;отделаться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondary derived meaning of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;избавиться от&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as applied to animates is  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to kill&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and as applied to inanimates is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to dispose of&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отделаться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't have such connotations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian - English dictionaries both verbs have virtually identical translations.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In the dictionary &lt;em&gt;Бабенко Л.Г. — «Толковый словарь русских глаголов. Идеографическое описание Английские эквиваленты. Синонимы. Антонимы»&lt;/em&gt; on p. 234 (and in other Russian - Russian dictionaries) both are listed as synonyms of each other, yet the examples for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;избавляться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; specifially, in my view, point at a permanence of the result&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чтобы спасти себя и весь отряд, нужно было быстрее избавляться от&#xA;  предателя. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она как-будто хочет избавиться от отцовской кабалы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-05T10:29:53.527" LastActivityDate="2018-05-05T10:29:53.527" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16333" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16334" CreationDate="2018-05-04T12:00:23.373" Score="4" ViewCount="597" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Врать&lt;/strong&gt; не буду, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Лгать&lt;/strong&gt; не буду, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder how these two synonyms are nuanced or if they are simply interchangeable in these two instances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;лгать&lt;/strong&gt; мне прямо в глаза&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;врать&lt;/strong&gt; мне прямо в глаза&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-15T20:20:49.077" Title="Nuances between &quot;врать&quot; and &quot;лгать&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16333" CreationDate="2018-05-04T13:10:09.387" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Значение у слов &lt;strong&gt;врать&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;лгать&lt;/strong&gt; одинаковое, но &lt;strong&gt;лгать&lt;/strong&gt; - литературное слово, а &lt;strong&gt;врать&lt;/strong&gt; - разговорное, более грубое. Смысловых различий у слов &lt;strong&gt;врать&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;лгать&lt;/strong&gt; нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The words &lt;strong&gt;лгать&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;врать&lt;/strong&gt; have the same meaning, but &lt;strong&gt;лгать&lt;/strong&gt; is a literary word, while &lt;strong&gt;врать&lt;/strong&gt; is a rougher colloquial synonym. There are no semantic differences between these words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2018-05-11T21:23:59.747" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T21:23:59.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16335" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16333" CreationDate="2018-05-04T13:11:12.063" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Врать is conversational, лгать is formal. &quot;врать мне прямо в глаза&quot; is an established colloquial expression and uses &quot;врать&quot;. I googled &quot;лгать мне прямо в глаза&quot; and got two bad translations of romance pulps and a bad romantic pop song.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the nouns, враньё and ложь, are less formal than the corresponding verbs. Ложь is neutral and can mean a calm &quot;False.&quot; as well as an indignant &quot;LIES!!!&quot;, враньё is a rough equivalent of &quot;bullshit!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10531" LastActivityDate="2018-05-04T13:11:12.063" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16338" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-05T14:34:02.890" Score="1" ViewCount="176" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ненавидеть что-нибудь &lt;strong&gt;во сто крат&lt;/strong&gt; сильнее&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{vs}: ненавидеть что-нибудь &lt;strong&gt;во сто раз&lt;/strong&gt; сильнее&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wanted to use &amp;quot;во сто крат&amp;quot; to hyperbolically express the idea of &amp;quot;гораздо + comparative&amp;quot;, but I wonder if it is considered to be an outdated expression. Is it more common nowadays to use the genitive plural &amp;quot;раз&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T09:48:42.870" Title="&quot;во сто крат&quot; vs &quot;во сто раз&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16338" CreationDate="2018-05-05T15:43:09.373" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &lt;strong&gt;во сто крат&lt;/strong&gt; is bookish while &lt;strong&gt;в сто раз&lt;/strong&gt; is universal (note: &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;, not &lt;strong&gt;во&lt;/strong&gt;). If you want to go really hyperbolic, you may as well use &lt;strong&gt;в тысячу / миллион раз&lt;/strong&gt;. Or &lt;strong&gt;сто миллионов&lt;/strong&gt;... you get the idea. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-05-05T15:43:09.373" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16338" CreationDate="2018-05-06T18:56:58.163" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In daily life we usually use “&lt;strong&gt;в сотню раз&lt;/strong&gt;”, “&lt;strong&gt;в сто раз&lt;/strong&gt;” and “&lt;strong&gt;во сто раз&lt;/strong&gt;”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’ve never heard anyone use “&lt;em&gt;в/во сто крат&lt;/em&gt;”, but I saw it in books.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don’t know what Sergey meant by “not во”, but I often hear people say the three versions I’ve suggested.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10528" LastActivityDate="2018-05-06T18:56:58.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16338" CreationDate="2018-05-07T09:29:57.640" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are cases where they're not interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say &lt;code&gt;стократно&lt;/code&gt; but you can't say &lt;code&gt;сторазно&lt;/code&gt;. Also you can say &lt;code&gt;многократно&lt;/code&gt;, but you can't say &lt;code&gt;многоразно&lt;/code&gt;. There's a word &lt;code&gt;многоразовый&lt;/code&gt;, which is not quite the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T09:29:57.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16338" CreationDate="2018-05-07T09:48:42.870" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вó сто крат&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; considered &lt;em&gt;outdated&lt;/em&gt;. Some dictionaries mark it as &lt;em&gt;colloquial&lt;/em&gt; and some other - as &lt;em&gt;bookish&lt;/em&gt;. It's an idiomatic &lt;strong&gt;set phase&lt;/strong&gt; (meaning &lt;em&gt;immeasurably&lt;/em&gt;), as opposed to &lt;strong&gt;в сто раз&lt;/strong&gt; which is most often used as a literal expression and is also colloquially used for an &lt;em&gt;exaggeration&lt;/em&gt; (usually, about countable things: &lt;strong&gt;зарабатывать я там буду &lt;em&gt;в сто раз больше&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speaking of &lt;em&gt;outdated&lt;/em&gt; things, &lt;strong&gt;literal&lt;/strong&gt; usage of &lt;strong&gt;во сто крат&lt;/strong&gt; (where &lt;strong&gt;крат&lt;/strong&gt; directly replaces &lt;strong&gt;раз&lt;/strong&gt; and refers to &lt;em&gt;numbers&lt;/em&gt;) can only be found in very old literature like Russian versions of Gospel:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... иное [семя] упало на добрую землю и принесло плод: одно &lt;em&gt;во сто&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  крат, а другое &lt;em&gt;в шестьдесят&lt;/em&gt;, иное же &lt;em&gt;в тридцать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your examples, the first one may sound too sophisticated for everyday speech while is OK in a letter, an article, etc. The second one ( with &lt;strong&gt;в сто раз&lt;/strong&gt;) is a bit &lt;em&gt;informal/colloquial/spontaneous&lt;/em&gt; and not suitable for something written, when applied to something that can't be expressed in numbers; &lt;strong&gt;гораздо&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;намного&lt;/strong&gt; would sound better, applied to smth. like comparative '&lt;em&gt;amount of hatred&lt;/em&gt;'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T09:48:42.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16333" CreationDate="2018-05-07T12:46:52.427" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are some interesting comments on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Citations:vranyo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;at Wiktionary&quot;&gt;nuances of враньё&lt;/a&gt; in particular. They're from English speakers; an article by a native speaker gives a couple examples from her life in this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/23/magazine/from-russia-with-lies.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;NYTimes article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T12:46:52.427" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16344" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16345" CreationDate="2018-05-07T14:16:57.927" Score="3" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;Каждый человек живет в определённом(,) созданном им мире.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10534" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T18:31:52.417" Title="Do I need comma here?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16344" CreationDate="2018-05-07T17:10:17.373" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;мире (каком?) определённом&lt;br&gt;&#xA;мире (каком?) созданном им (созданном (кем?) им)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Т.е. это обычное прилагательное — &lt;code&gt;определённом&lt;/code&gt; и причастие с зависимым словом (причастный оборот) &lt;code&gt;созданном им&lt;/code&gt;. Причём определение и причастный оборот являются однородными членами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правила русского языка в данном случае таковы:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;причастный оборот (сам по себе) перед определяемым словом не выделяется запятыми (хотя после определяемого слова выделяется) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Каждый человек живет в созданном им мире.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Каждый человек живет в мире, созданном им.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;если есть не только причастный оборот, но и прилагательное, то всё зависит от их порядка: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;если причастный оборот разрывает более сильную связь &quot;прилагательное-существительное&quot; то запятая, соединяющая однородные прилагательное и причастный оборот, нужна:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Каждый человек живет в определённом, созданном им мире.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Даже старые, серыми лишаями покрытые ветви деревьев зашептали о прошлых днях (М. Г.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Нет, не только во сне плачут пожилые, поседевшие за годы войны мужчины&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Однако если причастный оборот стоит перед прилагательным, то запятая уже не нужна:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Каждый человек живет в созданном им определённом мире.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Каждый раз появлялась и снова тонула в кромешном мраке припавшая к широким балкам степная станица (Пауст.);&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Сергей увидел плавающие в воздухе белые листки тетрадки (Вороб.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Источник: &lt;a href=&quot;http://orthographia.ru/punctum_uk.php?rid=110&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://orthographia.ru/punctum_uk.php?rid=110&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8568" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T17:10:17.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16344" CreationDate="2018-05-07T18:31:52.417" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Определения, носящие характер пояснения (перед ними можно поставить слова а именно, то есть и т. п.), отделяются запятой от поясняемого слова, но после них запятая не ставится(Розенталь)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Каждый человек живет в определенном, созданном им мире.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Созданном им – пояснение предыдущего определения (определенном).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-05-07T18:31:52.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16347" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-08T04:44:32.737" Score="2" ViewCount="102" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если не решишь, не договоришься, у тебя &lt;strong&gt;ничего&lt;/strong&gt; не &lt;strong&gt;получится&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if the rationale for using the genitive &quot;ничего&quot; here can be put down to something as simple as a negative construction requiring &quot;ничего&quot;, especially given the use of the dative &quot;ничему&quot; in a similar, reflexive construction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;ничему&lt;/strong&gt; не &lt;strong&gt;научился&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does &quot;ничего&quot; in &quot;у тебя ничего не получится&quot; &lt;em&gt;originally&lt;/em&gt; come from the nominative or some other case, in a manner of speaking?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-05-08T07:01:23.077" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T08:54:29.943" Title="What is the rationale for using the genitive &quot;ничего&quot; in &quot;у тебя ничего не получится&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16348" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-08T05:17:03.757" Score="2" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) &lt;strong&gt;Заходи&lt;/strong&gt; как-нибудь, &lt;strong&gt;покажешь&lt;/strong&gt; фотки! {Imperative + Future}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm assuming this phrase means &quot;come and show me the photos sometime&quot;. In English, both &quot;come&quot; and &quot;show&quot; are in Imperative, while in Russian it takes the form of &quot;Imperative + Future&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if &quot;Заходи, покажешь X&quot; is the construction commonly used to express the idea of &quot;come and do something&quot;. Do the following alternatives sound odd?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) &lt;strong&gt;Заходи&lt;/strong&gt; как-нибудь, &lt;strong&gt;покажи&lt;/strong&gt; фотки! {Imperative + Imperative} &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) &lt;strong&gt;Заходи&lt;/strong&gt; как-нибудь &lt;strong&gt;показать&lt;/strong&gt; фотки!  {Imperative + Infinitive} -- similar to &quot;come to show&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On another note: Is it unusual to use the perfective &quot;зайти&quot; here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4) &lt;strong&gt;Зайди&lt;/strong&gt; как-нибудь, &lt;strong&gt;покажешь&lt;/strong&gt; фотки! {Perfective Imperative + Perfective Future}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;{vs}: &lt;strong&gt;Заходи&lt;/strong&gt; как-нибудь, &lt;strong&gt;покажешь&lt;/strong&gt; фотки! {Imperfective Imperative + Perfective Future}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-05-11T13:56:52.073" LastActivityDate="2020-05-22T17:55:30.160" Title="Is &quot;Заходи, покажешь X&quot; {Imperative + Future} an equivalent of &quot;come and show me X&quot; {Imperative + Imperative} in English?" Tags="&lt;tense&gt;&lt;imperative&gt;&lt;будущее-время&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16348" CreationDate="2018-05-08T07:43:31.190" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'm assuming this phrase means &quot;come and show me the photos sometime&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your assumption is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I wonder if &quot;Заходи, покажешь X&quot; is the construction commonly used...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is quite a usual way to say this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do the following alternatives sound odd?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Заходи как-нибудь, покажи фотки!&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;I can think of a situation wherein someone would use these words, but it would be most likely without &lt;code&gt;как-нибудь&lt;/code&gt;, but with &lt;code&gt;сейчас/сегодня/через час&lt;/code&gt; as the second imperative makes it like the action should not be in an uncertain future, but soon. But overall I would not suggest preferring it as it is quite colloquial to my ear. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Заходи как-нибудь показать фотки!&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;Sounds alright. Grammatically correct and as good as the {Imperative + Future} one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;On another note: Is it unusual to use the perfective &quot;зайти&quot; here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not unusual and completely correct but it sounds more 'demanding', if you're not very close with this person I wouldn't suggest using it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9116" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T07:43:31.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16350" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16348" CreationDate="2018-05-08T08:02:45.697" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;All these sentences are valid meaning you invite someone to come to your place and show some pictures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Заходи как-нибудь, покажешь фотки! {Imperative + Future} (come and you will/can show)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Заходи как-нибудь, покажи фотки! {Imperative + Imperative}(come and show)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.Заходи как-нибудь показать фотки! {Imperative + Infinitive} (come in order to show--purpose )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the same forms are valid with the perfective imperative as well,  with no difference in meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зайди как-нибудь, покажешь фотки! Зайди как‐нибудь показать фотки. Зайди как‐нибудь, покажи фотки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All are equally used, we don't have any preference.&#xA;Besides you can use different verbs in both parts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Приходи/приди/забеги/забегай/загляни/заскочи, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T08:02:45.697" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16351" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-08T08:42:14.777" Score="5" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;как можно узнать какой падеж если несколько глаголов в одной фразе, и какой глагол будет работать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;например : &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;он начинал смотреть интересные кино&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;какой глагол будет контролировать фразу по падежам, начинать или смотреть, или я буду смотреть, можно смотреть?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10535" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-05-22T18:33:52.687" LastActivityDate="2018-05-22T18:33:52.687" Title="Как узнать какой падеж, если несколько глаголов в одной фразе, и какой глагол будет работать" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16347" CreationDate="2018-05-08T08:47:37.187" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Firstly, verbs demand /govern different cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Получится что? что‐нибудь (in the affirmative )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если долго мучиться, что‐нибудь получится.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the negative не получится + genitive (like with the majority of verbs in the negative )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ничего не получится/не выйдет/не случится /не добьешься/не произойдет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But some verbs require different cases. Only a dictionary can tell a learner what cases are possible with certain verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Научиться чему?  Чему-нибудь. Не научиться  чему? Ничему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;радоваться чему? Чему-нибудь. Не радоваться ничему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conjugation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Именительный     Что?   ничто́&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Родительный  Чего?  ничего́&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дательный    Чему?  ничему́&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Винительный  Что?   ничто́&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Творительный      Чем?  ниче́м&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Предложный О чем?   ни о чём&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T08:54:29.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16351" CreationDate="2018-05-08T09:11:31.767" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have to understand which verb is controlling the noun you are curious about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The control structure of the sentence is typically a tree. From subject via verbs to objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я посмотрел в окно и закрыл книгу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я закрыл книгу чтобы посмотреть в окно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those phrases have two verbs and two nouns each, but they clearly constitute verb-noun pairs: книга is bound to закрыть verb and окно is bound to посмотреть verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then you can look into the dictionary which grammatical cases every of those verbs imposes over their respective bound object nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T09:11:31.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16354" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16355" CreationDate="2018-05-08T11:03:20.920" Score="16" ViewCount="4941" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English there’s the use of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;armchair&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as a modifier with a profession or occupation to ironically indicate that the person in question has mostly theoretical (and not necessarily expert) knowledge on a subject, lacking in practical on-the-ground experience. &lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/a/269087/65446&quot;&gt;Examples&lt;/a&gt; include &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;armchair linguist&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;armchair anthropologist&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would be a good equivalent to a phrase like &lt;em&gt;armchair psychologist&lt;/em&gt; in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another similar expression to ironically refer to a person whose knowledge is purely theoretical is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;woolly academic&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, but I cannot find a Russian translation for that either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="233" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-05-08T11:31:46.587" LastActivityDate="2018-05-19T07:20:18.937" Title="What is the closest equivalent to &quot;Armchair &lt;profession&gt;&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16354" CreationDate="2018-05-08T11:24:57.233" Score="26" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an expression &quot;диванный эксперт&quot; (&quot;the sofa expert&quot;), I think it is almost the same. It could be applied to any profession. Also, there is another one expression - &quot;диванные войска&quot; (&quot;the army on the sofa&quot;), which means a group of people who are &quot;experts&quot; in military questions or a group of people supporting in internet one of sides of the war (a singular will be &quot;диванный воин&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T11:24:57.233" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16356" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16354" CreationDate="2018-05-08T11:25:07.013" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think &quot;&lt;em&gt;диванный&lt;/em&gt;&quot; plays the same role in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Диванный аналитик&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Диванный лингвист&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T11:25:07.013" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16354" CreationDate="2018-05-08T12:09:41.720" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кабинетный&lt;/strong&gt; учёный (your case), &lt;em&gt;паркетный генерал&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;комнатный&lt;/em&gt; (офисный) &lt;em&gt;журналист&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's even a publishing house ironically named &lt;em&gt;&quot;Кабинетный учёный&quot;&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.armchair-scientist.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.armchair-scientist.ru/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T12:09:41.720" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16351" CreationDate="2018-05-08T12:54:14.910" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;В составных глагольных формах есть глагол основной /главный,который показывает смысл и вспомогательные, которые дают оттенки, детали этого глагола например &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;начал смотреть - смотреть (главное действие), начал – говорит о стадии этого действия. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То же самое в сочетаниях и формах &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;можно посмотреть, буду смотреть – смысл выражен инфинитивом &lt;strong&gt;смотреть&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;посмотреть&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если дальше идет существительное или местоимение, оно согласуется с &lt;strong&gt;инфинитивом&lt;/strong&gt; (смотреть).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Смотреть что? Фильм.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Первый глагол служит для согласования со словом, которое стоит перед ним, а не после.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я начал, вы начали&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T12:54:14.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16333" CreationDate="2018-05-08T13:24:30.603" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;В школе учили что слово &lt;strong&gt;ложь&lt;/strong&gt; по происхождению означает то что лежит поверх, или скрывает, истину. Аналогично англ. &lt;strong&gt;lie&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Враньё&lt;/strong&gt; можно перевести &lt;strong&gt;straight lie&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Врёте в глаза&quot; - по-моему менее стилистически согласовано чем &quot;лжёте в глаза&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10537" LastEditorUserId="10537" LastEditDate="2018-05-09T16:24:11.230" LastActivityDate="2018-05-09T16:24:11.230" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16360" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16361" CreationDate="2018-05-08T16:02:02.657" Score="7" ViewCount="1535" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does one start an email to a professor? I am curious about how it is done in Russia, but also how it should be done in Russian in the United States. Over here, especially in small classes (like my Russian class), we have relatively casual relationships with professors. In an English email, I would say, &quot;Hello Professor Smith.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8794" LastActivityDate="2018-05-09T13:53:00.650" Title="Addressing professors over email" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16360" CreationDate="2018-05-08T16:45:50.853" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd start an official message with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Уважаемый &lt;em&gt;Имя Отчество&lt;/em&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or alternatively:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Уважаемый профессор &lt;em&gt;Фамилия&lt;/em&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of a closer relationship, I'd use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте, &lt;em&gt;Имя Отчество&lt;/em&gt;!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Здравствуйте, профессор &lt;em&gt;Фамилия&lt;/em&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-05-08T17:10:10.037" LastActivityDate="2018-05-08T17:10:10.037" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16360" CreationDate="2018-05-08T18:41:49.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If your relationship is casual and less formal one may be addressed as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Приветствую/Здравствуйте, профессор &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;no (sur)names&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Omission of a name underscores the informality and sounds kind of cheery, merry, enthusiastic and upbeat. And if the content of the message is somber or deals with a request of some sort, then it conversely sounds more appealing, cordial, intimate, hopeful and ingratiating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-05-09T13:53:00.650" LastActivityDate="2018-05-09T13:53:00.650" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16354" CreationDate="2018-05-09T02:14:03.760" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;As both Dmitrys have said, &quot;диванный&quot; is probably the closest match, however, there are other words in use, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Кухонный&quot;. Used to call a person who's expertise is only&#xA;&quot;applicable&quot; at his own kitchen (to be clear, it doesn't involve&#xA;cooking or other legitimate kitchen activities). I think, there's an&#xA;actual idiom &quot;кухонный психолог&quot;, which, in my opinion, is more to&#xA;the point than &quot;диванный&quot; - after all, what's so wrong with getting&#xA;your knowledge of psychology by reading professional literature while&#xA;sitting on a sofa? There is also &quot;кухонный эксперт&quot; (which, again, is&#xA;not an expert on kitchen equipment). &quot;Кухонный диссидент&quot; was a&#xA;popular expression in late Soviet time, for people who would&#xA;criticize the regime from safety of their kitchens.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Доморощенный&quot; (homegrown?) is similar to the above, but mostly used&#xA;for occupations where formal training / official degree is deemed to&#xA;be of most importance. E. g. &quot;доморощенный специалист/эксперт/etc&quot;. For example, &quot;кухонный политик&quot; sounds pejorative, &quot;доморощенный политик&quot; - not quite so (yeah, of the people, for the people, what's wrong with that?). &quot;Доморощенный нейрохирург&quot;, on the other hand...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;*-теоретик&quot;, a deliberately absurd expression for occupations where&#xA;&quot;practice is everything&quot;, like &quot;ёбарь-теоретик&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2018-05-09T02:14:03.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16364" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-09T11:24:02.247" Score="4" ViewCount="182" Body="&lt;p&gt;Может, так было раньше, но в наше время мотор автомобиля можно только выключить, т.е. заглушить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что имеют в виду, говоря &quot;приглуши&quot; мотор?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastEditorUserId="9100" LastEditDate="2018-05-09T16:10:09.930" LastActivityDate="2018-05-09T16:10:09.930" Title="Приглушить мотор автомобиля невозможно?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16364" CreationDate="2018-05-09T12:10:33.210" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Да, в данном случае именно это оно и означает. Причина подобного словоупотребления довольно прозрачна - моторы, а также разные прочие механизмы, работают довольно громко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Значение это разговорное и не основное, однако же встречается довольно часто и в практически любом словаре имеется. Например, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiki:глушить&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2018-05-09T12:10:33.210" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16367" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16370" CreationDate="2018-05-10T08:44:55.683" Score="3" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know syllables are split at the vowel, whereas in English it's often at a consonant. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But today I came across this word— &lt;strong&gt;Щипцы&lt;/strong&gt; (Tongs)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently it is split like this— &lt;strong&gt;Щип-цы&lt;/strong&gt; (I expected Щи-пцы)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that Syllables are split at Л, М, Н, Р. But are there other rules? What are the rules for splitting up words into Syllables?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2018-05-10T19:35:33.610" Title="What are the rules for splitting syllables" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2018-05-11T12:38:51.110" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16367" CreationDate="2018-05-10T09:30:55.683" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;syllables are split at the vowel&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seems modern academic currents indeed say it. But it seems to be of limited usage for practical task of splitting words at line ends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3&lt;/a&gt; says &lt;em&gt;&quot;Понятие слога лежит в основе правил переноса слов в русском языке. Однако, разбиение слова для переноса не всегда совпадает с разбиением слова на слоги, в связи с чем некоторые источники разделяют &lt;strong&gt;понятия фонетического слога и слога для переноса&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/em&gt; So what I describe below, and what I remember from USSR school, is maybe in modern currents called &quot;syllables-for-splitting&quot; while ones you describe in your question are perhaps &quot;syllables-for-pronunciation&quot;. In practice, I can't say why anyone would need latter in the casual life. The former ones seem to be those that practically matter. And the former I would discuss further on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слог - syllable - (at least the &quot;syllable-for-splitting&quot;)  consists of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;initial single consonant (sometimes missing: Russian has no diphthongs, not in writing at least, so two adjacent vowels spawn two syllables)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a single vowel (the syllable nucleus)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a number (from zero to many) final consonants&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A mid-word syllable terminates at the start of the next syllable, which means at the initial consonant of that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in your case, &lt;code&gt;Щип-цы&lt;/code&gt;, the second syllable is built around &quot;ы&quot; vowel and contains the preceding consonant &quot;ц&quot;. That makes the first syllable end at п - the sound preceeding next syllable's ц. That makes the between-syllables dash be inserted between п and ц, not earlier or later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Granted in practice there may be more rules for splitting words, less strict and giving you more options. &lt;a href=&quot;http://orthographia.ru/orfografia.php?sid=97&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://orthographia.ru/orfografia.php?sid=97&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However if you stick with the between syllables borderlines (the safest rule of thumb) then the above holds: syllables include only ONE consonant preceding its vowel (if such consonant exists), not two consonants or more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice, that the first syllable of the word might contain multiple left-side consonants.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Яб-ло-ко&lt;/code&gt; has б and л in different syllables, but &lt;code&gt;бло-ка-да&lt;/code&gt; has them both in the first one. Because then there is no &quot;zeroth&quot; vowel-less syllable to own &quot;б&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2018-05-10T10:05:44.353" LastActivityDate="2018-05-10T10:05:44.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16333" CreationDate="2018-05-10T10:38:23.380" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This might help you— &lt;strong&gt;врать&lt;/strong&gt; used to mean &quot;to speak&quot;. The word &lt;strong&gt;врач&lt;/strong&gt; is related to this--meaning &quot;he who speaks, casts spells&quot;. врать also has other rarer meanings—&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;врать &#xA;несов. - врать, сов. - совра́ть; разг.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) (говорить неправду) lie, tell lies&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) тк. несов. уст. (пустословить) talk nonsense&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) (быть неточным) be wrong&#xA;часы́ врут — the clock [watch] is wrong&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) разг. (фальшивить) play a false note; (в пении) sing out of tune&#xA;••&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;врёшь! — ≈ it's a lie!, nonsense!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;лгать&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) (сов. солга́ть) lie, tell lies&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;лгать кому́-л в глаза́ — lie to smb's face&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) (сов. налга́ть) (на вн.; клеветать) slander (d)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;strong&gt;Врать&lt;/strong&gt; means to speak, sing, do something in a untrue way, whereas &lt;strong&gt;лгать&lt;/strong&gt; means to do something with purpose, in order to mislead, trick etc. The origins of &lt;strong&gt;лгать&lt;/strong&gt; are related to betrayal or treason. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2018-05-10T10:38:23.380" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16370" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16367" CreationDate="2018-05-10T19:35:33.610" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A good description can be found in Knyazev &amp;amp; Pozharitskaya's textbook. In short:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If there is at least one consonant, the last consonant always goes to the right (no splitting like *her-o; for graphical splitting but not for pronunciation prefixes can be an exception);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A syllable can only begin with sequences a word can begin with;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If both apply and there's still some choice, sonority of consonants in the syllable must go up to the vowel before it and down after it. Sonority hierarchy is approximately: s,z &amp;lt; p,t,k &amp;lt; b,d,g &amp;lt; s,sh,z,zh,v &amp;lt; m,n &amp;lt; l,r &amp;lt; j (s and z are given twice, it's not a typo). Affricates (c and ch) are analyzed as sequences but cannot be divided, palatalization is irrelevant for sonority;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If some choice remains after &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt;, you can choose freely (as in сестра) but official recommendation is &quot;put as much as possible to the right&quot; (i. e. се-стра is preferable to сес-тра and сест-ра).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2018-05-10T19:35:33.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16371" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-10T23:11:06.983" Score="1" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Господа, я полагаю, ревизор появится здесь менее чем за минуту. &#xA;Но ревизор появился ещё раньше».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правильно ли употреблять слово «раньше», когда ожидаемо было «менее чем минута»? Что может быть раньше, чем менее минуты?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10548" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-05-11T12:32:23.957" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T12:32:23.957" Title="Можно ли употреблять слово «раньше», когда ожидаемо было «менее чем минута»?" Tags="&lt;лингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16371" CreationDate="2018-05-10T23:37:41.393" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не усматриваю никаких проблем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Любое количество секунд, меньшее 60, будет меньше минуты. Обозначим его &lt;code&gt;N&lt;/code&gt;. Это - ожидаемое/оценочное время, упомянутое в цитате в виде &lt;em&gt;&quot;менее чем за минуту&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Любое количество секунд, меньшее &lt;code&gt;N&lt;/code&gt;, будет соответствовать &lt;em&gt;&quot;раньше&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2018-05-10T23:37:41.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16373" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16378" CreationDate="2018-05-11T00:29:29.433" Score="3" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently realized that the first phoneme in the word Днепр is not [d̪] at all. The position of my tongue is very much different from what it takes to pronounce [d̪], or [d] for that matter. What’s that phoneme, then?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastEditorUserId="9602" LastEditDate="2018-05-11T12:41:03.570" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T12:41:03.570" Title="Sound of ⟨д⟩ in Днепр" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16371" CreationDate="2018-05-11T05:47:20.560" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется, в контексте &lt;em&gt;появления&lt;/em&gt; выражение &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;менее, чем ЗА минуту&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; нелогично, хоть и звучит гладко. Оно логично, когда речь идёт о продолжительном действии, например&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Робот, умеющий складывать одежду менее, чем за минуту&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;так как &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;за&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; означает &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;в течение&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. А &lt;em&gt;появление&lt;/em&gt; для стороннего наблюдателя всегда одномоментно, у него нет продолжительности во времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В контексте &lt;em&gt;появления&lt;/em&gt; логично выражение &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;менее, чем ЧЕРЕЗ минуту&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К слову, в украинском предлог &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;за&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; означает в том числе &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;через&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (в аспекте времени)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-11T10:37:17.870" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T10:37:17.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16371" CreationDate="2018-05-11T06:25:54.283" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Выражение неудачно, поскольку формально приходится отнести &quot;ещё раньше&quot; &lt;strong&gt;к названной оценке&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;менее минуты&quot; (от нуля до минуты), а &lt;strong&gt;не к ожиданиям&lt;/strong&gt; говорящего. Он мог подразумевать, в дополнение к названной им оценке, примерное количество времени, но никак свои ожидания &lt;em&gt;не обозначил&lt;/em&gt; и не уточнил перед количественным сравнением. Поэтому &quot;ещё раньше&quot; здесь приходится трактовать как &quot;&lt;em&gt;он уже здесь&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;добрался за несколько секунд&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (мне о секундах надо было думать, а не о минутах) и т. п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Неудачно употребление предлога &quot;&lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (по смыслу здесь нужно &quot;через&quot;). Как уже отмечено, &quot;появляются&quot; люди единомоментно, а предлог может говорить либо о &lt;em&gt;затраченном&lt;/em&gt; времени (добраться &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; такое-то время), либо об интервале времени ранее какого-то момента (напр. &lt;strong&gt;за столько-то времени до&lt;/strong&gt; начала мероприятия).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Со временами расхождение: полаг&lt;em&gt;аю&lt;/em&gt;, появится -&gt; появился.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T06:25:54.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16326" CreationDate="2018-05-11T08:14:06.350" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You may have not known, but in Russian language you can make a verb from almost every word, and people always come up with new ones. So if you are planning of making an if statement for every single verb in Russian language (that's what you want to do, and it's called hard coding), you are certainly going to fail. What you need is to find an algorithm or train an neural network (preferably second) for your task.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10551" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T08:14:06.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16371" CreationDate="2018-05-11T11:10:49.417" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Господа, я полагаю, ревизор появится здесь менее чем за минуту. Но ревизор появился ещё раньше».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Должно быть &quot;я полагАЛ&quot; - в прошедшем времени. Поскольку ревизор уже &quot;появился&quot;, то вы сейчас уже больше ничего не полагаете. Вы закончили полагать в момент &quot;ревизор появился&quot;, а это было в прошлом. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Как упоминалось, &quot;менее, чем ЧЕРЕЗ минуту&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Что может быть раньше, чем менее минуты? - да что угодно. Половина минуты, например. Чтобы проплыть под парусом вокруг света - нужны недели, или даже месяцы. Чтобы взорвать реактор Чернобыльской АЭС хватило 4 с половиной секунд. Считать, что минута - это оооочень мало, и что делить её нельзя, не стоит. Это очень зависит от контекста. Если например до закрытия офиса оставалось 50 секунд и вы надеялись, что он не успеет и прибежит после закрытия, а он успел за 40 секунд, то не будет ничего странного в меньших чем минута отрезках времени.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Правильно ли употреблять слово «раньше»? - да. Но можно использовать и другие слова. Зависит от того, с чем &quot;сравнивается&quot;, к какой части предыдущей фразы отсылает это слово. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Но ревизор появился ещё раньше [[, чем я полагал]].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Но ревизор появился ещё быстрее [[, чем прошлa та минута]].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оба варианта вполне нормальны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T11:10:49.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16373" CreationDate="2018-05-11T12:31:36.383" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is called &lt;code&gt;фаукальное д&lt;/code&gt; - this happens when some specific consonants stand before &lt;code&gt;н&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;м&lt;/code&gt; - to be more precise, before nasal consonants. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://sci.house/grafika-orfografiya-fonetika-scibook/foneticheskie-yavleniya-styike-85212.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Стык предлога со следующим словом фонетически почти не отличается от&#xA;  стыка приставки и корня по образованию комбинаторных оттенков фонем,&#xA;  например: под ним [под- н’іім] — поднять (плдн’'ат’| (фаукальное д)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More about nasal release (this is how it's called in English) one can find in a Wikipedia article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Фаукальный взрыв (от лат. faux/fauces, faucalis — глотка, глоточный) —&#xA;  взрывной звук, образуемый в зеве, характерный для такого образования.&#xA;  Возникает в положении неносового взрывного согласного перед носовым&#xA;  того же места образования, в результате замены ртового взрыва&#xA;  (например, б, д, п) зевным вследствие опускания нёбной занавески при&#xA;  переходе от смычного к носовому; смычный при этом характеризуется&#xA;  некоторой имплозивностью (сомкнутостью). Например, ро&lt;strong&gt;тн&lt;/strong&gt;ый, го&lt;strong&gt;дн&lt;/strong&gt;ый,&#xA;  нэ&lt;strong&gt;пм&lt;/strong&gt;ан, тще&lt;strong&gt;тн&lt;/strong&gt;ый, о&lt;strong&gt;бм&lt;/strong&gt;ан, пригод&lt;strong&gt;н&lt;/strong&gt;ый, по&lt;strong&gt;тн&lt;/strong&gt;ый и т. д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T12:31:36.383" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16379" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16380" CreationDate="2018-05-11T14:12:41.120" Score="3" ViewCount="741" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today the following sentence came up in a chat with a Russian friend:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты был забавным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the adjective is in &lt;strike&gt;dative&lt;/strike&gt; instrumental case, but I would expect it to be in nominative together with the verb был/быть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I asked my friend why she didn't write Ты был забавный, she explained that this was because it was in past tense. But I cannot find this rule anywhere in Russian grammar books.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anybody explain the use of &lt;strike&gt;dative&lt;/strike&gt; instumental in this sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: I mistakenly wrote dative case above. I meant instrumental case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1995" LastEditorUserId="1995" LastEditDate="2018-05-11T20:09:20.610" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T20:15:08.743" Title="Use of instrumental with был/быть, e.g. &quot;Ты был забавным.&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;творительный-падеж&gt;&lt;essive&gt;&lt;изобразительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16379" CreationDate="2018-05-11T14:45:52.797" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The noun and adjective functioning as the nominal part of a compound predicate can be in the &lt;em&gt;nominative&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;or&lt;/strong&gt; in the &lt;em&gt;instrumental&lt;/em&gt; case.&#xA;Typically, the nominative here [where the linking verb &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt; is present] corresponds to a &lt;em&gt;permanent&lt;/em&gt; quality of the subject while the instrumental case better combines with a &lt;em&gt;temporary&lt;/em&gt; quality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In much more detail (Розенталь Д.Э., Джанджакова Е.В., Кабанова Н.П.CПРАВОЧНИК ПО ПРАВОПИСАНИЮ, ПРОИЗНОШЕНИЮ, ЛИТЕРАТУРНОМУ РЕДАКТИРОВАНИЮ, M.: ЧеРо, 1999):&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/62.htm#%D0%B7_02&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/62.htm#%D0%B7_02&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(see §179. Формы сказуемого)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T14:45:52.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16379" CreationDate="2018-05-11T14:47:08.123" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;What can be added to the answers in the past topics referenced by Sergey Slepov in the comments, is that at least in your example, usage of adjective in nominal or instrumental affects semantics of the phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ты был забавный&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nom.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; would relegate your being &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;забавный&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to a distant past, when there was &lt;em&gt;another you&lt;/em&gt; so to speak, for example in the childhood, youth etc, that is once you were so. That's probably agrees with the fact of it indicating &lt;em&gt;permanent&lt;/em&gt; (or stable within certain time limits) quality as mentioned elsewhere. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ты был забавным&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Instr.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; can be applied to any time span.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-11T20:15:08.743" LastActivityDate="2018-05-11T20:15:08.743" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16322" CreationDate="2018-05-12T05:24:19.853" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's analogous to ”you two are so close.&quot; &quot;You two&quot; here being &quot;вы (с Адамом.)&quot; &quot;Вы так близки.&quot;&#xA;&quot;Вы (с Адамом [specifying who is &quot;вы&quot;]) так близки.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-05-12T05:24:19.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16385" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16402" CreationDate="2018-05-12T09:49:45.727" Score="6" ViewCount="455" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often read that Russian consonants are &quot;harder&quot; than English ones--that is, they are velarised. I understand how this affects the consonant when pronounced in isolation--Т, Т, Д, Д--with secondary articulation of the back of the tongue towards the  soft palate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But does this matter beyond the isolated pronunciation of consonants? I mean, when we pronounce a consonat with a vowel, are the consonants velarised?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;т + velarisation + vowel? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T12:36:09.200" Title="Velarisation of Russian hard consonants" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16388" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-12T18:07:10.460" Score="2" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'll have to babysit her, &lt;strong&gt;too&lt;/strong&gt;. {= her as well as him}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I wanted to express this idea in an sarcastic tone:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тебе &lt;strong&gt;ещё и с ней&lt;/strong&gt; нянчиться придётся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{or}: Тебе &lt;strong&gt;ещё с ней&lt;/strong&gt; нянчиться придётся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm torn between the two. I wonder if the addition of &amp;quot;и&amp;quot; is required here and the latter sounds odd?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T10:22:12.473" Title="&quot;ещё и с ней&quot; vs &quot;ещё с ней&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16389" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-12T18:26:55.827" Score="2" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will you look after him a little bit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wanted to express this idea in conversation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты не &lt;strong&gt;приглядишь&lt;/strong&gt; за ним немножечко?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты не &lt;strong&gt;поглядишь&lt;/strong&gt; за ним немножечко?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder how these two verbs are nuanced. Incidentally, you cannot use the imperfective &amp;quot;глядеть&amp;quot; here, correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T21:53:19.963" Title="Nuances between &quot;приглядеть&quot; and &quot;поглядеть&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16388" CreationDate="2018-05-12T18:59:32.237" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ещё&lt;/strong&gt; on its own means 'more', not 'too':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тебе с ней &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt; нянчиться придется. - You'll have to do &lt;strong&gt;more&lt;/strong&gt; babysitting with her.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your variant:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тебе &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt; с ней нянчиться придётся.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is pretty much equivalent to the above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Еще и&lt;/strong&gt; means 'too' but be careful with emphasis and placement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Еще и с ней&lt;/strong&gt; puts emphasis on &lt;strong&gt;ней&lt;/strong&gt; (her) which implies that you were babysitting someone else and now you will have to babysit &lt;strong&gt;her&lt;/strong&gt;, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ещё и нянчиться&lt;/strong&gt; emphasises &lt;strong&gt;нянчиться&lt;/strong&gt; which is probably what you wanted:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тебе &lt;strong&gt;ещё и&lt;/strong&gt; нянчиться с ней придется. - You'll have to babysit her, too.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-05-12T18:59:32.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16389" CreationDate="2018-05-12T19:45:38.090" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;поглядеть/посмотреть за&lt;/strong&gt; as a synonym of the &lt;strong&gt;приглядеть/присмотреть за&lt;/strong&gt; is vernacular, because base meaning of the former is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to look at/on&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;глядеть за&lt;/strong&gt; would indeed be wrong if i'm the one to ask, but i wouldn't vouch that it's not used by anyone anywhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;смотреть за&lt;/strong&gt; on the other hand is OK as far as i'm concerned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-12T20:36:36.283" LastActivityDate="2018-05-12T20:36:36.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16388" CreationDate="2018-05-12T20:13:23.690" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The syntax depends on what you're trying to convey&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе ещё и с ней нянчиться придётся&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as explained by Sergey Slepov&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе ещё { } с ней нянчиться придётся&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would read as emphasizing &lt;strong&gt;нянчиться&lt;/strong&gt;, i.e. &lt;em&gt;on top of all the troubles you'll have to do also babysitting&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically it can be construed as emphasizing &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt; to mean &lt;em&gt;doing some more babysitting to what has already been done&lt;/em&gt;. But if this is indeed the idea, to lessen ambiguity i would place &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt; at the end&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе { } с ней нянчиться придётся ещё&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is still not ideal but i think a little clearer and context may help. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In spoken language the syntax is less demanding because import can be emphasized with intonation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adding &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; before the word needing emphasis seems to resolve this ambiguity, &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt; isn't one of them however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-12T21:55:20.733" LastActivityDate="2018-05-12T21:55:20.733" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16393" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-12T21:04:13.767" Score="3" ViewCount="182" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do &lt;code&gt;спорить&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;spar&lt;/code&gt; have any common etymological root?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: I'm referring specifically to the usage of &lt;code&gt;spar&lt;/code&gt; for training for a fight or engaging in an argument.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10555" LastEditorUserId="10555" LastEditDate="2018-05-13T01:09:54.567" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T21:36:56.660" Title="Are &quot;спорить&quot; and English &quot;spar&quot; cognates?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16394" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-12T21:15:30.453" Score="3" ViewCount="184" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Почему ты &lt;strong&gt;хоть раз&lt;/strong&gt; в жизни не можешь сделать ... ?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1+) Почему ты &lt;strong&gt;хотя бы один раз&lt;/strong&gt; в жизни не можешь сделать ... ?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder how these two phrases are nuanced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, how do the sentences above differ in meaning from:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Почему бы тебе хоть раз в жизни не сделать ... ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2+) Почему бы тебе хотя бы один раз в жизни не сделать ... ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you use the first construction in an accusing tone, while the second one is for making a suggestion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T05:06:31.953" Title="Difference between &quot;хоть раз&quot; and &quot;хотя бы один раз&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16393" CreationDate="2018-05-12T21:20:52.487" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe there's maybe there isn't&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;spar (v)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;late 14c., &quot;go quickly, rush, dart, spring;&quot; c. 1400, &quot;to strike or&#xA;  thrust,&quot; perhaps from Middle French esparer &quot;to kick&quot; (Modern French&#xA;  éparer), from Italian sparare &quot;to fling,&quot; &lt;strong&gt;from Latin ex- (see ex-) +&#xA;  parare &quot;make ready, prepare,&quot; hence &quot;ward off, parry&quot; (from PIE root&#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.etymonline.com/word/*pere-?ref=etymonline_crossreference&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;*pere-(1)&lt;/a&gt; &quot;to produce, procure&quot;)&lt;/strong&gt;. Etymologists consider a connection with spur unlikely.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Used in 17c. in reference to preliminary actions&#xA;  in a cock fight; figurative sense of &quot;to dispute, bandy with words&quot; is&#xA;  from 1690s.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Extension to humans, in a literal sense, with meaning &quot;to&#xA;  engage in or practice boxing&quot; is attested from 1755. Related: Sparred;&#xA;  sparring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.etymonline.com/word/spar&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;спорить&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;далее от праслав. *sъporъ, от кот. в числе прочего произошли:&#xA;  др.-русск. съпоръ, также соупоръ (из *сѫ-поръ), русск. спор; связано с&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;*pьr- (пере́ть)&lt;/strong&gt;. Ср. &lt;strong&gt;др.-инд. pŕ̥t-, pŕ̥tanā&lt;/strong&gt; «борьба», авест. pǝrǝt-, рǝšаnā «схватка, борьба»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C#%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the Russian word &lt;strong&gt;C-&lt;/strong&gt; is a prefix, the root is &lt;strong&gt;ПР&lt;/strong&gt;. In the English,  &lt;strong&gt;S&lt;/strong&gt; could be a remnant of the Latin prefix &lt;strong&gt;EX-&lt;/strong&gt;. Hard to tell whether this is coincidence or a result of common ancestry, although for greater semantic similarity the Russian prefix would perhaps have to be &lt;strong&gt;ИЗ-&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;С-&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe Russian cognates or relatives of &lt;strong&gt;спорить&lt;/strong&gt; are &lt;strong&gt;перечить, поперёк, наперекор, препираться&lt;/strong&gt;, and maybe even &lt;strong&gt;против&lt;/strong&gt;, which either don't have prefix or have different prefixes. But this is only an opinion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-14T21:36:56.660" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T21:36:56.660" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16394" CreationDate="2018-05-12T21:40:59.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; One other iteration would be &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Почему ты хоть &lt;code&gt;один&lt;/code&gt; раз в жизни не можешь сделать?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; 1+) is probably just a little bit more emotive, maybe due to verbosity&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3.&lt;/strong&gt; Yes, интонация возмущения in the first pair&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-12T21:58:48.000" LastActivityDate="2018-05-12T21:58:48.000" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16397" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-12T22:11:36.243" Score="2" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эта каменная глыба свалилась с неба... меня наверно &lt;strong&gt;оглушило&lt;/strong&gt; ударной волной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;глыба&quot; is a feminine noun...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The feminine &quot;волной&quot; is in Instrumental, so it cannot be the subject...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, the verb &quot;оглушить&quot; does not take the impersonal subject...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-05-13T06:09:58.133" LastActivityDate="2018-05-13T06:09:58.133" Title="What is the omitted neuter subject of the verb &quot;оглушить/оглушило&quot; here?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16397" CreationDate="2018-05-13T00:13:09.117" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Grammatically, you can imagine something like “нечто” as an implied subject: нечто оглушило меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a common way of expressing impersonal sentences: Урожай побило градом. Дом завалило снегом. Где шляпа? — Ветром унесло.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could rephrase your sentence with an explicit subject: Ударная волна оглушила меня. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/8829/&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Деревья свалил ветер&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;Деревья свалило ветром&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; for what semantic nuances this implies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-05-13T00:13:09.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16399" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16388" CreationDate="2018-05-13T08:30:27.687" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе ещё с ней нянчиться придётся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is more neutral tone, as if the sayer were reminding the listener. &quot;You will have to babysit her as well, don't forget, so you will have little spare time!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе ещё и с ней нянчиться придётся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sounds like the sayer were discouraging the listener from something. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2018-05-13T08:30:27.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16385" CreationDate="2018-05-13T15:58:58.190" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some info I could find.&#xA;There are two opposite processes in Russian pronunciation : palatalization (connected with soft consonants) and velarization (connected with hard consonants)&#xA;The vivid example of a velarized consonant is hard [л], but velarization also characterizes other hard consonants.&#xA;In Russian soft [ Л'] in &quot;люк&quot;, &quot;мель&quot; is palatalized, and &#xA;hard [ Л] in &quot;лук&quot;, &quot;мел&quot; is velarized.&#xA;Веларизованные согласные могут быть губными и переднеязычными.Palatalization in Russian is stronger than velarization.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Источник.&#xA;Русская фонетика. Мультимедийный Интернет-учебник. Автор/создатель: Кедрова Г.Е., Потапов В.В., Егоров А.М., Омельянова&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-05-14T06:01:08.027" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T06:01:08.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16389" CreationDate="2018-05-14T09:34:28.783" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suppose that &quot;пригляди за ним&quot; (also: присмотри за ним) is correct term and implies very focused attention. Like &lt;em&gt;supervising&lt;/em&gt; continuously without taking your eyes away for a moment. Like indeed babysitting, cause it might take just few minutes for a baby to crawl and fall out the window or something. Because of that, it usually means relatively short timespan.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Погляди за ним&quot; I would expect to hear in some villages, where language is less literature and more dialectical or even archaic. It would imply more state of affairs than specific action. Something that goes for long but does not have to be continuous. Say, if one babushka goes for few weeks into town hospital, she may ask her neighbors to &lt;em&gt;look after&lt;/em&gt; her hens. Which in practice would mean opening their shed in the dawn and closing it in the dusk and giving them meal and water thrice or twice a day. And in between they are walking by their own. Because that activity is mundane and does not need a lot of time and effort invested it may continue for much longer than for example supervising a baby.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;W.r.t. &quot;глядеть&quot; it can be used but mostly in different verb forms and with different meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can not correctly order &quot;гляди за ним&quot; (to me it sounds very village-speak) I believe, but you can order &quot;смотри за ним&quot;. Additionally, you can order &quot;гляди в оба&quot; (&quot;watch with your both [eyes]&quot;, meaning &quot;stay alert&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then you can ask&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты не глядишь за ним?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты глядишь за ним?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты не присматриваешь за ним?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты присматриваешь за ним?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those questions query the state of affairs. Are you supervising someone/something or not. When your examples were requests politely worded as a questions ( &quot;would you not follow me?&quot; reportedly say UK policemen when arresting you ) those are just questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, there can be &quot;Ты разве не глядишь за ним?&quot;/&quot;Pазве ты не глядишь за ним?&quot; = &quot;Aren't you watching after him?&quot; where the emphasized surprise implies deviation from the normal, expected situation. This borders with &quot;polite request worded as question&quot; case, but still is not quite that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2018-05-14T09:41:37.207" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T09:41:37.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16385" CreationDate="2018-05-14T10:04:43.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Velarization is there, and it is (unlike, say, glottalization) simultaneous with the main articulation not consecutive to it. Therefore, having a vowel around does not usually affect it (rather, it goes the other way around, so э is not very fronted after hard consonants; и cannot combine with them, and other vowels are back themselves).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a dispute whether already velar consonants are velarized (к, г, х) though; for labial and coronal it is beyond doubt for a trained phonetician (and especially well heard for л, ж and ш). That said, speakers do not usually understand it until they're confronted with languages with non-velarized consonants - and sometimes even after that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T10:04:43.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16388" CreationDate="2018-05-14T10:16:55.007" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would extend upon Sergey's answer too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе с ней &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt; нянчиться придется. - You'll have to do &lt;strong&gt;more&lt;/strong&gt; babysitting with her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I disagree here. I would say that phrase conveys &quot;start&quot; rather than &quot;more&quot;: &quot;You'll have to &lt;strong&gt;start&lt;/strong&gt; babysit her&quot;. The &quot;more&quot; motive might be implied here of course. Like, if you are babysiting 10 persons, adding 11th to the list is making more of the babysitting. Or, if you focus on time/effort spent, then starting babysitting makes you spend yet more time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But those ideas are different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You'll have to do &lt;strong&gt;more&lt;/strong&gt; babysitting with her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;implies that &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;you already babysit&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;you babysit not enough, if you was babysitting for example for an hour a day, now you would babysit for three hours a day&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those implications are missing in &quot;Тебе с ней ещё [потом] нянчиться придется&quot;.&#xA;What actually implied here is surprise, unexpected consequences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You do not expect that your current decision would later add babysitting her to your current list of burdens, but it will. Think again if you want to make your burdens yet heavier than they already are. There would be a price to pay that you overlook and do not expect yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is what conveyed here. &quot;To all your chores, you would later have to babysit her as well&quot;, like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This notion of unexpected consequences, of a probably unpleasant surprise incoming is what conveyed by &quot;ещё&quot; here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Еще и с ней puts emphasis on ней (her) which implies that you were babysitting someone else and now you will have to babysit her, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Absolutely correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ещё и нянчиться emphasises нянчиться &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...and emphasizes it in the way, that you already has some list of activities you do with her, and now that list would get extended with babysitting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like, you were providing for her with money, food, medicine, and it is getting snowballing to the point it can now be called babysitting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or like you intend to do some limited activity, like going to parties together, but that person is known to call her acquaintances in the dead night and whine about her troubles, real or imagined. So, you get a forewarning, that you would have to BOTH walk her to the parties AND (unexpectedly) to wipe her night tears way too often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally I derive it from how lists are described in Russian (not only in Russian, of course). Красный, желтый, синий &lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt; зелёный. Red, yellow, blue &lt;strong&gt;AND&lt;/strong&gt; green.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In such phrases like these yours the inserted &quot;И&quot; implies some already existing list that would be yet extended. And the positioning of this &quot;И&quot; specifies which one of the few concurrent lists would get extended. Was it the list of activities with a certain persons, or the list of persons you engage in certain activity with or some other list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the specific idea you want to convey is &quot;her as well as him&quot; - extending the list of persons for the specific activity. That positions &quot;И&quot; in front of &quot;HER&quot;, thus &quot;Тебе ещё &lt;strong&gt;и с ней&lt;/strong&gt; нянчиться придётся&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note, it can be worded without &quot;ещё&quot; - like &quot;Тогда тебе и с ней придётся нянчиться&quot;. This would imply &quot;It would not be that much of a surprise, and you probably already know it, but still you better consider it once again, for personally I would had not chosen this path&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2018-05-14T10:22:12.473" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T10:22:12.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16404" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16385" CreationDate="2018-05-14T12:36:09.200" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's how they used to teach native kids in Russian schools some years ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All vowels can be hard and soft except few. (Notice the use of &quot;hard&quot; and &quot;soft&quot; instead of &quot;velarised&quot; - &quot;palatlised&quot;. I am not sure if the terms were avoided to make the rules more intuitive or because the kids were native and they didn't need more generic linguistic terms.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consonants are read &quot;hard&quot; or &quot;soft&quot; depending on the following vowels or special letters: hard and soft signs. The default state is &quot;hard&quot;, so when a consonant is not followed by anything it is &quot;hard&quot;, thus usage of hard sign to make consonant hard is obsolete in modern written language, but can be found in books dating before 1918.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Vowels that make consonants soft: e, ё, и, ю, я. Soft sign: ь.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Vowels that make consonants hard (or rather don't make them soft): э, о, ы, у, а.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;м in &lt;strong&gt;ме&lt;/strong&gt;ра - &lt;strong&gt;мэ&lt;/strong&gt;р&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;т in &lt;strong&gt;тё&lt;/strong&gt;р - &lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt;п&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;н in &lt;strong&gt;ны&lt;/strong&gt;ть - &lt;strong&gt;ни&lt;/strong&gt;ть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;л in &lt;strong&gt;лю&lt;/strong&gt;к - &lt;strong&gt;лу&lt;/strong&gt;г&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;р in &lt;strong&gt;ря&lt;/strong&gt;д - &lt;strong&gt;ра&lt;/strong&gt;д&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;с in но&lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; - о&lt;strong&gt;сь&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following consonants are always hard: ж, ц, ш.&#xA;The following consonants are always soft: й, ч, щ.&#xA;(De facto these might be not completely true for certain dialects or variants of pronunciation: e.g. вожжи, дрожжи, дождь might be pronounced with &quot;softish&quot; ж).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hard and soft signs also have &quot;separating&quot; function. In this case the soft sign may loose the softening function: льёт - soft л, but вьюн - hard в.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10558" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T12:36:09.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16405" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-14T16:07:08.277" Score="1" ViewCount="125" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и&lt;strong&gt;ме&lt;/strong&gt;на́ [ɪ&lt;strong&gt;mʲɪ&lt;/strong&gt;ˈna]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{vs}: и́&lt;strong&gt;ме&lt;/strong&gt;ни [ˈi&lt;strong&gt;mʲɪ&lt;/strong&gt;nʲɪ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At least according to IPA, these two &amp;quot;ме&amp;quot; sounds should be pronounced the same way. But I seem to notice that the &amp;quot;mʲɪ&amp;quot; sound placed before a stressed syllable sounds just like &amp;quot;mʲɪ&amp;quot;, similar to &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;m&lt;/strong&gt;ix&amp;quot; in English, whereas the &amp;quot;mʲɪ&amp;quot; sound placed after a stressed syllable sounds more like &amp;quot;mʲe&amp;quot;, as in &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;ме&lt;/strong&gt;ч [&lt;strong&gt;mʲe&lt;/strong&gt;t͡ɕ]&amp;quot; -- albeit not as distinct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-18T07:17:41.803" Title="Do you pronounce the &quot;ме&quot; sound differently in&quot;имена́&quot; and &quot;и́мени&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16394" CreationDate="2018-05-14T20:10:47.393" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &quot;+&quot; versions refer to an action that is normally done repeatedly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The non-&quot;+&quot; versions refer to an action that may, or may not be regularly repeated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Почему бы тебе хоть раз в жизни не посмотреть 'Звездные войны'?&quot;&lt;/code&gt; / &quot;Why don't you see 'Star Wars' just once?&quot; - Implies that this is a movie that everyone should watch, at least once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Почему бы тебе хотя бы один раз в жизни не посмотреть 'Звездные войны'?&quot;&lt;/code&gt; / &quot;Why don't you see 'Star Wars' at least one time?&quot; - Implies that this is a movie that should be watched repeatedly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T20:10:47.393" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16407" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16408" CreationDate="2018-05-14T21:04:56.280" Score="6" ViewCount="737" Body="&lt;p&gt;Прочитав объяснение и примеры приведенные в Викисловаре.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;жалуется тот, кто просто говорит о том, что ему плохо, у него болит; &lt;em&gt;жаловаться&lt;/em&gt; - это нейтральное слово&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;сетовать&lt;/em&gt; - мне кажется, что это слово ничем не отличается от слова &lt;em&gt;жаловаться&lt;/em&gt;, кроме того, что это слово книжное&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;роптать&lt;/em&gt;, по моему является очень негативным словом. Ропщущий человек жалуется из-за пустяков, делает это слишком часто. Роптать - это переливать свое неудовольствие на других, окружающих человек.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правда ли это, что мне кажется про разницы между этими словами?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для информации, привожу цитированные фрагменты статьи из Викисловаря.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;роптать&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;высказывать недовольство кем-либо, чем-либо, обиду на кого-либо, что-либо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;◆ Он был в горе, в досаде, роптал на весь свет, сердился на несправедливость судьбы, негодовал на несправедливость людей и, однако же, не мог отказаться от новых попыток. Н. В. Гоголь, «Мертвые души», 1842 г. (цитата из Национального корпуса русского языка, см. Список литературы)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;◆ За спиной у хозяина роптали, называли его последними именами, но дальше ропота и разговоров дело не шло. А. И. Пантелеев, «Ленька Пантелеев», 1938-1952 г. (цитата из Национального корпуса русского языка, см. Список литературы)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;сетовать&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;книжн. то же, что жаловаться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;◆ Хозяйка стала угощать его пивом и сетовала на нынешнее дождливое время. Ф. М. Решетников, «Тетушка Опарина», 1868 г. (цитата из Национального корпуса русского языка, см. Список литературы)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;жаловаться&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;высказывать жалость&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;◆ Вон собаки. Они жрут только мясо и рыбу, и никто из них не жалуется на зубную боль. Рытхэу, «Пусть уходит лёд», 1966 г.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5543" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T12:17:18.363" Title="В чем разница между роптать, сетовать а жаловаться" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16407" CreationDate="2018-05-14T21:47:51.130" Score="6" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;роптать&lt;/code&gt; is a quite strong (but also bookish) one. It's &lt;em&gt;almost&lt;/em&gt; &quot;uprise&quot;, &quot;riot&quot;, but not quite. I'd say a murmur. &quot;А люди все роптали и роптали, наверное, справедливости хотят&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;сетовать&lt;/code&gt; is bookish for &quot;complain&quot;, but don't really expect a change when doing so;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;to complain&quot; is exactly the meaning of &lt;code&gt;жаловаться&lt;/code&gt;, but more broadly accepted in the language. &quot;Выйдешь без шапки — потом не жалуйся, что простудился!&quot;. Further point is that &lt;code&gt;жаловаться&lt;/code&gt; also means complaining to an authority, while &lt;code&gt;сетовать&lt;/code&gt; is more brooding without expected consequences.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For me &lt;code&gt;роптать&lt;/code&gt; is, while &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; bookish, also about multiple people. &quot;The murmurs started again at his infidelity, but each of them was quite, when he locked at them directly.&quot; While both other verbs are about single-person complaining.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastEditorUserId="9459" LastEditDate="2018-05-15T22:57:22.850" LastActivityDate="2018-05-15T22:57:22.850" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16389" CreationDate="2018-05-14T21:53:19.963" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The way it's stated in the examples, I agree with @Баян Купи-ка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However. The verb &lt;code&gt;приглядеть&lt;/code&gt; can also mean &quot;to have picked something&quot;, and &lt;code&gt;поглядеть&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;just to look at something&quot;. So, it's possible to put a phase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я поглядела товары в лавке, но ничего не приглядела.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it's correct and understandable, it's a bit weird for a modern native speaker. It's sounds a) oldish, almost bookish, b) plain, spoken language. So, it's sort of how people nowadays would think, peasants in 19th century talked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2018-05-14T21:53:19.963" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16410" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-14T22:55:12.440" Score="1" ViewCount="71" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm struggling to understand which motion verbs should be used in which situation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verbs that I have been studying are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;идти/пойти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ехать/поехать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ходить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ездить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When should I use these verbs? What are the differences between them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10560" LastActivityDate="2018-05-15T10:16:21.527" Title="Motion Verbs - Deciding which verb to use when" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2018-05-15T10:14:13.067" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16411" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-15T13:53:59.510" Score="3" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Don't do X. &lt;strong&gt;Уж тем более&lt;/strong&gt; теперь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While I understand the meaning of the entire phrase...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the function of &quot;уж&quot; here? And is it impossible to say &quot;уже тем более теперь&quot; instead?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &quot;тем&quot; the dative or instrumental case of &quot;тот&quot;? I suppose the same case applies to the &quot;тем&quot; in &quot;тем не менее&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T12:23:07.077" Title="How to parse the expression &quot;уж тем более ...&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16263" CreationDate="2018-05-15T15:01:17.390" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чего&lt;/strong&gt; is colloquial and is only used in spoken form. It is not synonymous with &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt;, though it could be used colloquially to convey some context appropriate emotion. For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ты знал что в английском языке больше миллиона слов? &#xA;Did you know that the English language has more than a million words?&#xA;&#xA;Чего?! &#xA;To convey surprise.&#xA;&#xA;С января стоимость проезда в метро увеличится в два раза.&#xA;Starting in January the cost of riding metro will double.&#xA;&#xA;Чего?! &#xA;To convey disgust or displeasure.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10563" LastActivityDate="2018-05-15T15:01:17.390" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16411" CreationDate="2018-05-15T15:36:04.557" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A)&lt;/strong&gt; Here &lt;strong&gt;Уж&lt;/strong&gt; is a particle of intensification, it can be dropped but at the expense of the phrase becoming somewhat dry and terse. In this sentence it can't really be replaced with &lt;strong&gt;уже&lt;/strong&gt;. One can say &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;тем более уже теперь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; but it's not quite the same in terms of expressiveness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although in some &lt;a href=&quot;https://znanija.com/task/12120459&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;other cases&lt;/a&gt; they can be interchangeable, perhaps because in those &lt;strong&gt;уж&lt;/strong&gt; is simply a short form of &lt;strong&gt;уже&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не виделись &lt;strong&gt;уж(е)&lt;/strong&gt; несколько лет. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ожидать &lt;strong&gt;уж(е)&lt;/strong&gt; пятнадцать минут. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не спать &lt;strong&gt;уж(е)&lt;/strong&gt; вторые сутки. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пить &lt;strong&gt;уж(е)&lt;/strong&gt; третий стакан. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Уж(е)&lt;/strong&gt; пятый раз приходит к кому-л.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these examples &lt;strong&gt;уж&lt;/strong&gt; sounds archaic and poetic (abbreviation of words for the sake of metre was one of poetic devices in the past) and isn't typical to modern language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the examples above the main form is &lt;strong&gt;уже&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;уж&lt;/strong&gt; is its optional variant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In yet other cases where &lt;strong&gt;уж&lt;/strong&gt; is the main form it can be replaced with &lt;strong&gt;уже&lt;/strong&gt; in different syntactical position (something that was already attempted above with inferior result)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Уж если&lt;/strong&gt; я чего решил, то выполню обязательно = &lt;strong&gt;Если&lt;/strong&gt; я чего &lt;strong&gt;уже&lt;/strong&gt; решил, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот &lt;strong&gt;уж где&lt;/strong&gt; действительно можно отдохнуть = Вот &lt;strong&gt;где уже&lt;/strong&gt; действительно...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Уж чем&lt;/strong&gt; наградил Господь, тому и радоваться надо = &lt;strong&gt;Чем уже&lt;/strong&gt; наградил Господь, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И что &lt;strong&gt;уж я&lt;/strong&gt; только ни делал? = И что &lt;strong&gt;я уже&lt;/strong&gt; только...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The flow of these variant sentences isn't always smooth and there could be some awkwardness to them so they may not always be adequate as replacements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;B)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;тем&lt;/strong&gt; is Instrumental not of &lt;strong&gt;тот&lt;/strong&gt; but of &lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt; (their forms in 4.5 out of 5 oblique cases are &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82#%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;homophonic&lt;/a&gt;) because neuter prepositions (то, оно) are typically used to point at abstract phenomena or phenomena in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-15T18:31:14.300" LastActivityDate="2018-05-15T18:31:14.300" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16407" CreationDate="2018-05-15T20:14:53.600" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Роптать&lt;/strong&gt; можно на вышестоящих, перешёптываться в поисках одобрения других и даже возможного бунта. Поэтому нельзя сказать &lt;em&gt;я ропщу&lt;/em&gt;, ропот - это всегда коллективное и понятное лишь при взгляде со стороны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сетуют&lt;/strong&gt;  не ожидая серьёзной реакции, как правило малознакомым людям и/или о вещах которые невозможно изменить (погода, невезение и т. п.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Жаловаться&lt;/strong&gt; - это вызывать жалость, сочувствие, эмпатию. Жалуются когда ожидают от слушателя каких-либо действий&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если рабочий рассказывает директору предприятия, что денег не хватает, он жалуется. А если директор об этом говорит рабочему, то он сетует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastEditorUserId="5405" LastEditDate="2018-05-16T08:37:13.500" LastActivityDate="2018-05-16T08:37:13.500" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16333" CreationDate="2018-05-15T20:20:49.077" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;На соседнем форуме тоже поднимал этот &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/20149/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BC-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F-%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C-%D0%BE%D1%82-%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F&quot;&gt;вопрос&lt;/a&gt; Если кратко. В современном языке только стилистическая &lt;strong&gt;лгать&lt;/strong&gt; более возвышенное слово и ложь как правило серьёзнее, чем враньё. В остальном отличий почти нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastActivityDate="2018-05-15T20:20:49.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16411" CreationDate="2018-05-16T10:29:44.810" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Partial answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or maybe not even an answer but some related observations: as I was laying out examples, which I hope would clarify usage patterns, I actually instead got more and more confused myself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And is it impossible to say &quot;уже тем более теперь&quot; instead?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this context &quot;ужЕ&quot; would be synonymous to &quot;теперь&quot;. Both words would mean that as the time went by the situation at hands changed and what appeared feasible earlier is no more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of this &quot;&lt;em&gt;уже&lt;/em&gt; тем более &lt;em&gt;теперь&lt;/em&gt;&quot; would be a mistake like &quot;&lt;em&gt;Чёрная&lt;/em&gt; кошка перебежала дорогу &lt;em&gt;чёрная&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. A bit too many.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare with possible phrase &quot;уже нельзя&quot;. That is how &quot;уже&quot; would get parsed in that phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, can you say &quot;уже тем более&quot; without &quot;теперь&quot; ? No, again. As &quot;уже&quot; indeed has a function of amplification, and lacking &quot;теперь&quot; would get bound to &quot;тем более&quot;. But you can not amplify &quot;тем более&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However you can bring both &quot;уже&quot; and &quot;теперь&quot; words together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Теперь уже&lt;/em&gt; тем более [не стOит так делать]&quot; or &quot;&lt;em&gt;Сегодня уже&lt;/em&gt; тем более&quot; or &quot;&lt;em&gt;Сейчас уже&lt;/em&gt; тем более&quot;.&#xA;In those examples while &quot;уже&quot; still seems synonymous - it is not redundant. Instead it is amplification by repetition. Kind of &quot;черный-черный кот&quot; pattern in a remote sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now one extra brush stroke. &quot;Уже теперь&quot; vs &quot;теперь уже&quot;.&#xA;In some vague sense one refers to the past and another to the future.&#xA;Or perhaps it is positive/negative sentences that make difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я купил шкаф с доставкой у вас неделю назад. Когда наконец его привезут?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Уже завтра!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы вам должны были шкаф привезти на прошлой неделе, но не смогли. Вот сейчас его погрузили и выезжаем к вам.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Теперь уже не привозите. Шкаф купили в другом магазине.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, with &quot;теперь&quot; omitted, a simpler phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Уже не привозите. Шкаф купили в другом магазине.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or if TV discusses some prospects of having good crops.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В это лето стоит хорошая погода. &lt;em&gt;Уже теперь&lt;/em&gt; видно, как хорошо растёт пшеница и какой обильный должен быть урожай.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Холодные дожди этим летом как будто не прекрашались ни на день. &lt;em&gt;Теперь уже&lt;/em&gt; не приходится надеяться на хороший урожай.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Frankly, I can feel those intonations differences, but I can not rationally explain them and fail to word some clear rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2018-05-16T10:29:44.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16411" CreationDate="2018-05-17T08:23:58.300" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Don't mix &quot;уж&quot; and &quot;уже&quot;. The first one is a grammar particle and not a word proper, it doesn't convey facts, but more like personal opinion of the speaker. The latter, however, is a proper word with clear meaning of passing some threshold/mark (usually in time, but sometimes in some kind of a row)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Уж&quot; is a modal particle, i.e. it gives an emotional opinion of the speaker. The exact meaning might vary greatly, but usually is something about annoyance of the speaker caused by inability of the other party to grasp a very simple idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this particular case I tentatively translate it as &quot;and it is your fault, you moron, that it is a very bad idea to do X now, and you should see it easy enough&quot;, but I need more context to be sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;some random paper about the particle: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dialog-21.ru/media/1768/47.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; . If you can read it, it should give you an idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="334" LastEditDate="2018-05-17T08:38:17.207" LastActivityDate="2018-05-17T08:38:17.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16263" CreationDate="2018-05-17T08:44:39.650" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Что&quot; is inflected in Russian. &quot;Чего&quot; is one of its forms. Per grammar rules it should be used only in special circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However! Indeed, colloquially &quot;Чего&quot; might be used instead of &quot;Что&quot;. This use however, is usually assumed to be a sign of unsophisticated person and/or a sign of surprise/displeasure/lack of understanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastActivityDate="2018-05-17T08:44:39.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16394" CreationDate="2018-05-17T13:09:01.047" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no considerable difference. And both phrases imply some criticism, even said with a friedly tone. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8893" LastActivityDate="2018-05-17T13:09:01.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16405" CreationDate="2018-05-17T13:18:56.530" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both of those syllables are in an unstressed position, hence the reduction of sound. It's very difficult or even impossible to spot any difference in this position. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the practical standpoint: &lt;strong&gt;they sound the same&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8893" LastActivityDate="2018-05-17T13:18:56.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16423" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16405" CreationDate="2018-05-18T07:17:41.803" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say that &quot;mʲɪ&quot; can be pronounced as the similar to &quot;mix&quot; (и) or as in &quot;меч&quot; (е), or even among them. Both options will be correct. It depends on the dialect of the speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10572" LastActivityDate="2018-05-18T07:17:41.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16424" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-18T12:33:01.507" Score="0" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;It has to be 30 characters that's why this is here. And i mean &quot;in you&quot; not that i believe you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10574" LastActivityDate="2018-05-18T12:33:34.903" Title="How do you say &quot;I belive in you!&quot; in russian?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-05-18T13:56:16.210" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16424" CreationDate="2018-05-18T12:33:34.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It has to be 30 characters that's why this is here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я в тебя верю!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2018-05-18T12:33:34.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16427" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-18T14:43:55.630" Score="1" ViewCount="687" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know if Grammatica still exists - the program which accents Russian text for you? I lost my stand alone app version when I had to reset Windows 10. A Google search for the online version is 'unable to find the server.' If this company no longer exists are there any alternatives? Thanks! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10575" LastActivityDate="2018-05-24T13:23:13.700" Title="Grammatica program" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2018-05-24T16:31:47.723" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16428" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-18T14:59:48.737" Score="1" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've stumbled across &lt;a href=&quot;http://zolotarevdesign.com/roman-legion&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an excellent future&lt;/a&gt; that is only labelled in Russian and am wondering whether there are good tools for taking Russian text — as an image — and transliterating it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Fr13q.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Fr13q.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(From context I think I can get from there to an understanding of most of the contents.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8397" LastActivityDate="2018-05-18T18:43:44.030" Title="Recommended tool for transliterating image text to English" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16429" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16432" CreationDate="2018-05-18T15:16:53.443" Score="2" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Только силой с этим явлением [terrorism] &lt;strong&gt;не справиться&lt;/strong&gt;, тем более, что смерть террористов не пугает&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was intrigued at the usage of the infinitive &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;справиться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; here. Normally the third person plural is used in order to express an impersonal subject (like &quot;говорят...&quot; in the sense of &quot;it is told that...&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, apparently, &quot;не справиться&quot; translates here as &lt;em&gt;&quot;one can't cope with&quot;&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-14T14:56:25.380" LastActivityDate="2018-06-14T14:56:25.380" Title="Не справиться as an idiom" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;&lt;infinitive-sentence&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16429" CreationDate="2018-05-18T15:39:10.147" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it's not an idiom, it's one of grammatical vehicles to express &lt;em&gt;inability&lt;/em&gt;, constructed as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dative + negated (perfective) infinitive&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In positive statements, which express &lt;em&gt;ability&lt;/em&gt;, either the inflected modal verb &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt; is employed or the inflected adjective &lt;strong&gt;способен&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне не поднять этот камень&lt;/strong&gt; VS &lt;strong&gt;Я могу/способен поднять этот камень&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A positive expression of &lt;em&gt;ability&lt;/em&gt; similar to that of &lt;em&gt;inability&lt;/em&gt; requires for example addition of adverbial phrases &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;под силу; по плечу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; if it's about physical or intellectual ability or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;по средствам; по карману&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; if it's about financial ability&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне не поднять этот камень&lt;/strong&gt; VS &lt;strong&gt;Мне под силу поднять этот камень&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However their use is context dependent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-19T06:51:32.833" LastActivityDate="2018-05-19T06:51:32.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16431" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-18T15:46:54.517" Score="1" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она &lt;strong&gt;творила&lt;/strong&gt; все, что ей вздумается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{vs}: Она &lt;strong&gt;делала&lt;/strong&gt; все, что ей вздумается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if the verb  &amp;quot;творить&amp;quot; in the sense of &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;do&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; X&amp;quot; always carries a negative connotation. Is it close to &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;commit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (a faux pas)&amp;quot; in a negative sense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T17:48:56.137" Title="Does &quot;творить&quot; – as opposed to the neutral &quot;делать&quot; – carry a negative connotation?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16432" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16429" CreationDate="2018-05-18T15:49:38.120" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не справиться&lt;/strong&gt; here can be thought of as a short form for &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;(-льзя/-возможно) &lt;strong&gt;справиться&lt;/strong&gt;. So yes, your translation is correct while a more literal one would sound like &lt;em&gt;'it's impossible to cope with (to overwhelm/overcome)...'&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-05-18T15:49:38.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16431" CreationDate="2018-05-18T16:05:11.257" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, not always - it's a matter of context. There are quite positive expressions like  &lt;strong&gt;творить добро&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;творить чудеса&lt;/strong&gt;. But here are &lt;em&gt;prefixed&lt;/em&gt; versions of the verb which always (if not ironically/idiomatically used) carry negative sense: &lt;strong&gt;натворить&lt;/strong&gt; (perfective) and &lt;strong&gt;вытворять&lt;/strong&gt; (imperfective). The second mentioned verb is often used to informally describe one's positive impression from circus tricks or actions of a player in some game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-05-18T16:11:27.117" LastActivityDate="2018-05-18T16:11:27.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16434" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16431" CreationDate="2018-05-18T17:19:49.737" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indeed, in cases where &lt;strong&gt;творить&lt;/strong&gt; is a synonym of &lt;strong&gt;делать&lt;/strong&gt; it has negative connotation. Unlike &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;faux pas&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as far as i understand it &lt;strong&gt;творить&lt;/strong&gt; usually denotes an intense deliberate activity. But sometimes it does get applied to denote a genuine &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;faux pas&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; by way of hyperbolization. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Phrases &lt;strong&gt;Что ты наделала?&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Что ты натворила?&lt;/strong&gt; which express dismay and dread at what a person has done are synonymous.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Incidentally the use of &lt;strong&gt;творить&lt;/strong&gt; in the perfective aspect &lt;strong&gt;натворить&lt;/strong&gt; could serve as the above mentioned hyperbolization of a trivial blunder. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some contexts the word's negative connotation happens to be co-opted to express approval of such negativity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-20T11:19:35.807" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T11:19:35.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16428" CreationDate="2018-05-18T18:31:08.157" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do it yourself. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.newocr.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;There's a site&lt;/a&gt; for free online OCR (Optical Character recognition). What you have to do is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zolotarevdesign.com/roman-legion&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;From that site&lt;/a&gt;, save the pictures on your computer. I mean the big ones, the halves, not the one you posted here in your question.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Choose the first half picture on the OCR site, choose Russian as the text language, and press the &quot;Upload + OCR&quot; button there.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With their Select tool choose an area with the text and press the &quot;OCR&quot; button.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Below the image, read the Russian text which you can copy and paste into a translator.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD.: To transliterate a Russian text with the Latin alphabet, copy the Russian text, go to &lt;a href=&quot;http://translit.net/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this site&lt;/a&gt;, paste the text into the central big field and press &quot;В транслит&quot; above the field.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2018-05-18T18:43:44.030" LastActivityDate="2018-05-18T18:43:44.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16436" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-18T20:25:34.940" Score="2" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она оставила его &lt;strong&gt;разбираться&lt;/strong&gt; с последствиями.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она оставила его &lt;strong&gt;справляться&lt;/strong&gt; с последствиями.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if &amp;quot;справляться&amp;quot; is about getting the entire process of dealing with a situation &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;over&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; with, whereas &amp;quot;разбираться&amp;quot; is more &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;detail&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; oriented, focused on how you sort out a more &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;complicated&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T04:45:41.203" Title="&quot;разбираться&quot; vs &quot;справляться&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16437" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16441" CreationDate="2018-05-19T01:01:05.573" Score="1" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Существует 4 фактора, от которых зависит наше здоровье&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the grammatical number is quite confusing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nominative 4 (&lt;strong&gt;четыре&lt;/strong&gt;) is followed by &lt;em&gt;genitive singular&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;фактора&lt;/strong&gt;. No doubt here. If &quot;4&quot; takes another case (&lt;em&gt;ex.:&lt;/em&gt; genitive &lt;strong&gt;четырёх&lt;/strong&gt;) than &quot;фактор&quot; takes the corresponding &lt;em&gt;plural&lt;/em&gt; case (becoming &lt;strong&gt;четырёх факторов&lt;/strong&gt; then). So far so good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, what's the grammatical number of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;четыре&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; itself, if it's a noun rather than just a numeral?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean, &quot;существу&lt;strong&gt;ЕТ&lt;/strong&gt; (third person &lt;em&gt;singular&lt;/em&gt;) четыре фактора&quot;. Is &quot;четыре&quot; a singular noun?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then, &quot;от котор&lt;strong&gt;ЫХ&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (genitive &lt;em&gt;plural&lt;/em&gt;) when &quot;фактора&quot; is genitive singular.&#xA;Does the relative pronoun refer directly to the fact that we are talking about &lt;em&gt;multiple&lt;/em&gt; factors, regardless of the genitive singular which is, say, a grammatical &quot;whim&quot; of the Russian language?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-05-19T12:21:42.047" Title="Grammatical number of numeral 4" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16437" CreationDate="2018-05-19T07:09:24.377" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4 фактора&lt;/strong&gt; is the correct agreement between a numeral and a noun. To have the noun assume the form of Genitive plural &lt;strong&gt;факторОВ&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt; would have to be construed as &lt;strong&gt;четвёрка&lt;/strong&gt;, that is as another noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But we have divergence between &lt;strong&gt;существуЕТ&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;которЫХ&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus in my opinion this is a case of erroneous agreement of a predicate with a subject expressed with a numeral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb has to assume plural form&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Существу&lt;strong&gt;ЮТ&lt;/strong&gt; 4 фактора, от которЫХ ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In vernacular and in grammarless speech the rules of agreement with numerals in particular are very often overlooked and verbs assume neutral inflection, not least because these rules are very vague, like those described in the section &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/64-bolshinstvo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Согласование сказуемого с числительными&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; of an article on gramota.ru&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-19T07:21:14.627" LastActivityDate="2018-05-19T07:21:14.627" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16354" CreationDate="2018-05-19T07:20:18.937" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that &quot;диванный&quot; is a neologism, probably not more than 7-8 years old, and comes from the direct (admittedly, good) translation of &quot;armchair&quot;.&#xA;It is used mainly to refer to self-styled military specialists (&quot;диванный генерал&quot;, &quot;диванный вояка&quot;, &quot;диванные войска&quot;) and/or self-styled experts (&quot;диванный эксперт&quot;, &quot;диванный аналитик&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contemporary Russian use, the use of &quot;диванный&quot; adj. actually voids the meaning of the noun to which it's applied (e.g., &quot;диванный эксперт&quot; = &quot;not an expert actually&quot;) and has a ironic or sarcastic or even pejorative connotation.&#xA;The older Russian analogues to that would be &quot;кухонный &amp;lt;&gt;&quot; (&quot;showing off with one's knowledge in the parlour, that knowledge never being good for use in the world outside&quot;) or &quot;&amp;lt;&gt; кислых щей&quot; (just pejorative and a tiny bit vulgar), like other guys pointed out already. Or &quot;&amp;lt;&gt; доморощенный&quot; (liter. &quot;home-grown&quot;, &quot;self-taught and so (supposedly) to a not very good extent&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's what your English examples seem to denote, anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note 1: note the inverse order of noun and adjective, this strengthens the expressiveness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note 2: there's even more pejorative and vulgar &quot;&amp;lt;&gt; недоделанный&quot; (liter. that adj. means &quot;uncompleted, unfinished&quot;, but, again, in this use case it's very pejorative and vulgar).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, to denote a lack of practical knowledge in somebody admittedly (well enough) theoretically trained, there is no direct one-word analogue. There's an &lt;em&gt;ironic expression&lt;/em&gt; &quot;молодой боец&quot; (&quot;just from the boot camp&quot;) or an &lt;em&gt;ironic use&lt;/em&gt; of &quot;молодой специалист&quot; (&quot;just finished studying, never worked seriously in this field&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-05-19T07:20:18.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7976" CreationDate="2018-05-19T11:00:43.597" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;из иврита БЛИЯД (בלי יד) - без руки (это дословный перевод). В более широком понятии - человек (в данном случае - женщина), которой ни кто не подаст руки в знак не уважения, или для того, что-бы на неё опереться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10580" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-01-13T23:38:43.900" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T23:38:43.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16437" CreationDate="2018-05-19T12:06:59.443" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sentence you quoted is grammatically correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, cardinal numerals do not have a grammatical number and whenever such numeral appears as the subject of a sentence, the predicate can assume either number. The choice is not completely arbitrary though:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;singular is preferred, when the emphasis is on the number itself or the subject(s) were passive or they all participated in the action in the same way: &#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В русском име&lt;strong&gt;ет&lt;/strong&gt;ся 6 падежей. (emphasis on the number)&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;In the past tense, singular neuter is used (-о):&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В результате урагана упал&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; двадцать деревьев. (trees were passive)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В авиакатастрофе погибл&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; 200 человек. (single event, people were passive victims)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На лекцию пришл&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; пятьдесят человек, а не пятьдесят два. (emphasis on the number)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;plural is preferred, when you want to emphasise the subjects' active involvement in the action or the action was multiple events or was performed by each subject in their own way:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сто аспирантов пишут диссертации (each is writing their own)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Двадцать один участник обсудили проблему (Yes, the predicate is plural despite the seemingly singular subject &quot;двадцать один&quot;. Each participant was actively involved in their own way.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Existence verbs' (существует, имеется, наличиствует, есть) are a common example of a passive action (you don't need to do anything to exist) and thus singular is preferred in &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Существу&lt;strong&gt;ет&lt;/strong&gt; 4 фактора, от которых зависит наше здоровье.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; say &quot;Существу&lt;strong&gt;ют&lt;/strong&gt; 4 фактора...&quot; if you want to emphasise the uniqueness of each factor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above is based on the article &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/64-bolshinstvo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Единственное и множественное число сказуемого&lt;/a&gt; (thanks to @БаянКупи-ка for the link)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for которых, the rules are different for numeral-adjective agreement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Существует 1 основн&lt;strong&gt;ой&lt;/strong&gt; фактор, от котор&lt;strong&gt;ого&lt;/strong&gt; зависит наше здоровье.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Существует 3 основн&lt;strong&gt;ых&lt;/strong&gt; фактора, от котор&lt;strong&gt;ых&lt;/strong&gt; зависит наше здоровье.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Существует 5 основн&lt;strong&gt;ых&lt;/strong&gt; факторов, от котор&lt;strong&gt;ых&lt;/strong&gt; зависит наше здоровье.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Существует 21 основн&lt;strong&gt;ой&lt;/strong&gt; фактор, от котор&lt;strong&gt;ых&lt;/strong&gt; зависит наше здоровье.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-05-19T12:21:42.047" LastActivityDate="2018-05-19T12:21:42.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16442" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-19T19:22:53.897" Score="1" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;X. Ну и Y тоже. Ну и Z, да. &lt;strong&gt;Вино еще там... А!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Context: A man asks his wife on the phone to tell him what she wants him to buy for dinner, and she enumerates several items, as they occur to her, one after another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if this entire phrase means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And wine, too... Yeah!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;еще&quot; = another addition&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;там&quot; = to/in the list&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-05-19T23:57:54.223" Title="Can you use &quot;еще там&quot; like &quot;тоже&quot; when enumerating things?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16442" CreationDate="2018-05-19T23:57:54.223" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's shortened from full sentence (развёрнутого предложения): ещё там должно было быть. „Ну и“ at the beginning it's marker that person remind sth, or specifies. &#xA;Like: ещё там можно было кататься на велосипеде. Ну и на скейте тоже. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10579" LastActivityDate="2018-05-19T23:57:54.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16444" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16436" CreationDate="2018-05-20T01:22:11.767" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Разбираться&quot; is indeed &lt;strong&gt;may&lt;/strong&gt; be more detail oriented. But the real nuance here is the likelihood of success. For &quot;разбираться&quot;, the problem is assumed to be solvable, even if one can fail to get to the bottom of it. For &quot;справляться&quot;, it is implied that one can totally fail at the task.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &quot;Она оставила его разбираться с последствиями&quot; - means that one was left with a task of dealing with some consequences - something tedious, but doable.&#xA;&quot;Она оставила его справляться с последствиями&quot; - means that one was left struggling with some consequences - meaning that the task can be overwhelming and even lead to some kind of harm to the one who's doing it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T01:22:11.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16436" CreationDate="2018-05-20T04:45:41.203" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In the context of that brief example&lt;/em&gt; there's no perceivable distinction.&#xA;The meaning of &quot;разбираться&quot; here is &quot;to look into (smth.), to process (smth.)&quot; ; for &quot;справляться&quot; it's &quot;to (begin to) cope, manage, deal (with smth.)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T04:45:41.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16431" CreationDate="2018-05-20T04:57:19.163" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &quot;творить&quot; was &quot;always&quot; having as one of the meanings &quot;to make mischief&quot;, with perfective &quot;натворить&quot; rather restricted to that use, and both forms were generally used when referring to children's (or pets') behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These days, there's a street use &quot;ты что творишь?!&quot; meaning approx. &quot;what are you doing?? (you are doing wrong, stop it)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mind you, like other guys said already, &quot;что вздумается&quot; bears a light connotation of wantonness (&quot;anything one's left foot wants&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T04:57:19.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16394" CreationDate="2018-05-20T05:06:31.953" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No difference in meaning, the first phrase just using a contracted form of the expression. Might indicate more hurried or emotional speech, and might not, just speaker's preference. Both phrases rather presuppose an argument with speaking side &quot;offering big advice&quot; (expect this to be met with verbal retaliation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T05:06:31.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16448" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-20T09:48:01.670" Score="5" ViewCount="590" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подскажите пожалуйста как правильно изменяются в &#xA;винительном падеже составные числительные и связанные с ними &#xA;одушевлённые существительные?&#xA;Например: как правильно сказать  &quot;вижу 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 женщин и котов. &quot;&#xA;Хочется сказать  &quot;я вижу двадцать четыре женщины&quot;...&#xA;На одном сайте мне ответили &quot;&#xA;Стилистически нейтральны формы: вижу 22, 23, 24 женщины; вижу 22, 23, 24 кота; вижу 25, 26 женщин; вижу 25, 26 котов.&#xA;В разговорной речи допустимо: вижу 22, 23, 24 женщин; вижу 22, 23, 24 котов.&quot;&#xA;Мне всё ещё не понятно. Значит ли это, что в стилистически нейтральной форме с однозначными числами тоже можно говорить: вижу две, три, четыре женщины, два, три кота, вместо двух, трёх, четырёх женщин, котов?&#xA;А в разговорной речи: вижу 22 женщин окончания Р.п. принимает только последнее число двадцать двух женщин или по правилам оба должны меняться (двадцати двух)? Что-то я запуталась совсем...&#xA;Спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10583" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-05-22T18:23:59.950" LastActivityDate="2018-05-22T18:23:59.950" Title="В.п. числительных и одушевленных существительных" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16449" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8205" CreationDate="2018-05-20T09:48:29.973" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;if you learn Ukrainian language then you can understand about 60% Russian language(just need to know basics of Russian language for that)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10582" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T09:48:29.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16431" CreationDate="2018-05-20T11:17:15.437" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not &quot;commit&quot; but &quot;wreak&quot;, as in &quot;wreak havoc&quot;, with the same tendency (perhaps less pronounced) to be tied to set expressions. To &quot;commit&quot; would be &lt;strong&gt;допустить&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;совершить&lt;/strong&gt;; the latter sounds graver, and is exclusively used to talk about &quot;committing&quot; evil or criminal acts rather than mere blunders.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As @Alex_ander pointed out, there's an opposite and more literary usage of &lt;strong&gt;творить&lt;/strong&gt; that carries a Biblical kind of loftiness. I remember being baffled by it as a child; it sounded to me like that solemn voice on the radio was praising someone for making mischief.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T11:17:15.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16407" CreationDate="2018-05-20T12:17:18.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;В наше время (!) &quot;жаловаться&quot; и &quot;сетовать&quot; это практические одно и то же; второе слово более старое, книжное.&#xA;&quot;Роптать&quot; примерно соответствует &quot;словесно возмущаться (против чего-то, по какому-то поводу)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T12:17:18.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16411" CreationDate="2018-05-20T12:23:07.077" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This phrase would work without the &quot;уж&quot; particle; here it rather serves as an rhetorical embellishment, than an actual strengthening of the statement.&#xA;Without &quot;уж&quot; the original phrase could be translated as: &quot;Don't do X. More so (don't do it) now&quot;. With it: &quot;Don't do X. Even more so (don't do it) now&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T12:23:07.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16431" CreationDate="2018-05-20T17:48:56.137" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;творить&quot; is used in Russian Bible translation in context of God performing miracles and creating the world. In case people relate the word to this context (like чудотворец творит чудеса) it is neutral or even positive. A particularly common positive use is in context of art, where &quot;творец творит искуство&quot; is a strong compliment of a great artist. But whenever creativity and innovation are undesirable, the word bears strong negative connotation, because it implies innovation where it should not be and thus making a mess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastActivityDate="2018-05-20T17:48:56.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16448" CreationDate="2018-05-21T03:21:19.373" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;20: вижу двадцать женщин и двадцать котов   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;21: вижу двадцать одну женщину и двадцать одного кота &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;25,26,27,28,29: вижу двадцать пять женщин и двадцать пять котов&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;22,23,24: it's tricky, and different sources give different answers.&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;According to gramota.ru, &lt;code&gt;я вижу двадцать два кота&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search-answer?s=%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&amp;amp;start=45&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search-answer?s=%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&amp;amp;start=45&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.slovari.ru/default.aspx?p=1008&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.slovari.ru/default.aspx?p=1008&lt;/a&gt;, neither  &lt;code&gt;я вижу двадцать два кота&lt;/code&gt; nor &lt;code&gt;я вижу двадцать двух котов&lt;/code&gt; is correct. You should rewrite the sentence to avoid this.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://hinative.com/ru/questions/4667834&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://hinative.com/ru/questions/4667834&lt;/a&gt; : three different Russians gave three different answers&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Conclusion: there is no consensus. If you believe in gramota.ru, use &lt;code&gt;я вижу двадцать две женщины и двадцать два кота&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2018-05-21T03:29:34.553" LastActivityDate="2018-05-21T03:29:34.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16448" CreationDate="2018-05-21T11:33:29.197" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если число, оканчивающееся на 2, 3 или 4 (но не на 12, 13, 14), является многозначным (то есть больше или равно 21), то винительный падеж [числительного] совпадает с именительным как для конструкций с одушевленными, так и для конструкций с неодушевленными существительными:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вижу 22, 23, 24 кота, женщины.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://nekin.info/math/imya_chislitelnoye.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://nekin.info/math/imya_chislitelnoye.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К рекомендации допускать иное в разговорной речи я бы отнёсся с осторожностью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-05-21T11:39:52.917" LastActivityDate="2018-05-21T11:39:52.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16457" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16458" CreationDate="2018-05-21T14:41:49.757" Score="4" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a doubt concerning what verbs are used to describe the movement of a ship, boat, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Идти/ходить&lt;/strong&gt;, respectively determinate and indeterminate, mean &lt;em&gt;&quot;to go on foot/walk&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. If I go somewhere by car, I tell &lt;strong&gt;&quot;я езжу&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (ind.), &lt;strong&gt;&quot;я поеду&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (det. pf.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've heard that the displacement of &lt;em&gt;vehicles themselves&lt;/em&gt; is referred to as &lt;strong&gt;идти/ходить&lt;/strong&gt; too. &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Автобус ходит по городу&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what if I am talking about ships? Dictionaries tell that &quot;плавать&quot; means not only &quot;to swim&quot; but also &quot;to sail/navigate&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does &lt;strong&gt;плавать/плыть&lt;/strong&gt; and compounds with prefixes such as &lt;strong&gt;уплывать/уплыть&lt;/strong&gt; refer to the action of a sailor aboard a ship, or the movement of the ship herself on water?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="8780" LastEditDate="2018-05-24T19:40:52.477" LastActivityDate="2018-06-09T20:26:57.440" Title="Verbs of motion for sailing" Tags="&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16457" CreationDate="2018-05-21T15:56:13.937" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes they all denote movement of a person aboard a vessel and of a vessel itself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Add to them &lt;strong&gt;поплыть&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contexts where the &lt;em&gt;fact&lt;/em&gt; of travelling to certain destination is what's important and not the &lt;em&gt;means&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ездить&lt;/strong&gt; can also be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However it's believed that professional sailors &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&amp;amp;source=hp&amp;amp;ei=Z-sCW9vHE8e3kwWtk73oCw&amp;amp;q=%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%B0+%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%82&amp;amp;oq=%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%B0+%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%82&amp;amp;gs_l=psy-ab.3..0i19k1j0i22i30i19k1.2205.6090.0.6432.26.24.0.0.0.0.275.3224.1j15j4.20.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..6.20.3223.0..0j0i30k1.0.FnqgWMCva2E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;like to emphasize&lt;/a&gt; that they do not &lt;strong&gt;плавают&lt;/strong&gt;, because it's shit which floats, whereas they &lt;strong&gt;ходят&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Плавает только говно и щепки, а моряки ходят&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this is professional jargon and has no bearing on the regular usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/8-Kc0x3Ocr0?t=34m41s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Illustration from a movie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-09T20:26:57.440" LastActivityDate="2018-06-09T20:26:57.440" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16459" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16461" CreationDate="2018-05-21T20:10:40.033" Score="1" ViewCount="896" Body="&lt;p&gt;Beginner here.  There are 2 similiar sentences talking about a birthday, but use a different case and I am confused why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first is &lt;code&gt;Вчера я была у Тамары на дне рождения.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translation: &lt;code&gt;Yesterday, I was at Tamara's for her birthday.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the second is &lt;code&gt;Кого ты пригласил на день рождения?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translation: &lt;code&gt;Whom did you invite for your birthday.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From what I can gather, the first declinates like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;дне&lt;/code&gt; - locative/prepositional&#xA;&lt;code&gt;рождения&lt;/code&gt; - genitive (day of birth?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;день&lt;/code&gt; - accusative (guessing its not nominative)&#xA;&lt;code&gt;рождения&lt;/code&gt; - genitive (day of birth?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the first question, is the above correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second question is why the difference?  My guess from looking at &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiktionary &lt;/a&gt; would be accusative is used to say something was for a particular date (more focus on purpose) and locative is used to say something was on a particular date.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is that correct?  Could you give a few other examples?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it still be correct to say &lt;code&gt;Кого ты пригласил на дне рождения?&lt;/code&gt; like whom did you invite on your birthday?  If so, how would the connotation of the question change?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10219" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-21T21:29:14.933" LastActivityDate="2018-05-25T21:51:40.737" Title="на день рождения vs на дне рождения" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16459" CreationDate="2018-05-21T20:46:26.663" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is дне because день is in the prepositional case (предложный падеж) with на; it indicates the location, where you are.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You cannot say &quot;Кого ты пригласил на дне рождения?&quot; because you want to have на + винителный падеж (accusative): invite TO your birthday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10589" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2018-05-23T13:59:46.633" LastActivityDate="2018-05-23T13:59:46.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16459" CreationDate="2018-05-21T20:58:05.847" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you've parsed it correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;Prepositional/Locative&lt;/em&gt; case describes a stationary condition while the &lt;em&gt;Accusative&lt;/em&gt; describes movement/directionality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is of the same kind as in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fluentu.com/blog/german/german-prepositions/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;German&lt;/a&gt; if you happen to know it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Positional: Das Buch liegt &lt;strong&gt;auf dem&lt;/strong&gt; Tisch. (The book is on the&#xA;  table.)  - Книга лежит &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; сто&lt;strong&gt;лЕ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Directional: Ich lege den Buch &lt;strong&gt;auf den&lt;/strong&gt; Tisch. (I place the book on the&#xA;  table.)  - Я кладу книгу &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; сто&lt;strong&gt;л&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only in German the Dative is the equivalent of Russian Locative for this purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Кого ты пригласил на дне рождения?&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;Whom did you invite AT your birthday?&lt;/code&gt; that is the invitation was handed &lt;em&gt;while at&lt;/em&gt; the birthday party.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference can be highlighted with the following sentence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;На&lt;/strong&gt; моём &lt;strong&gt;дне&lt;/strong&gt; рождения &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Locative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; мой друг пригласил меня &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  свой &lt;strong&gt;день&lt;/strong&gt; рождения &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Accusative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;At&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Locative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; my birthday party my&#xA;  friend invited me &lt;strong&gt;to&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Accusative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; his birthday party&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So when you need to decide what case to use you may be guided by questions &lt;strong&gt;Где?&lt;/strong&gt; (Where?) and &lt;strong&gt;Куда?&lt;/strong&gt; (Whereto/whither?). The first implies a &lt;em&gt;place/static condition&lt;/em&gt; and so requires &lt;em&gt;Prepositional/Locative&lt;/em&gt;, the second implies &lt;em&gt;direction/goal/destination&lt;/em&gt; and therefore requires &lt;em&gt;Accusative&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other examples&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Cидя &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Where?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; комнат&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Locative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, я смотрю &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Whereto?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; окн&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Accusative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я встал &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; рук&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Accusative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; и стою &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; рук&lt;strong&gt;ах&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Locative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;In Russian there're 4 prepositions with varying case governance depending on the type of activity: &lt;strong&gt;на, в, под, за&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;НА / В &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;ПОД / ЗА&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Positional&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Prep./Loc.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Instr.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Directional&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Accusative&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-23T10:59:17.057" LastActivityDate="2018-05-23T10:59:17.057" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16459" CreationDate="2018-05-21T21:07:52.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider it as a party, a birthday party. If you are asked &quot;Where were you yesterday?&quot; – At Tamara's party.На дне рождения.(&lt;strong&gt;location, place&lt;/strong&gt;).&#xA;When you invite people to your party, to visit a place, an event, it's like they will go to your place, movement, приглашаю на день рождения (accusative - день).Compare it with location --&lt;strong&gt;movement/direction&lt;/strong&gt; (at school – в школе, to school – в школу). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы были на празднике. Он пригласил нас на праздник.Мы были в театре. Мы ходили в театр. Она пригласила нас в театр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say Кого ты пригласил на дне рождения потанцевать? Who did you invite to dance at the party? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-05-23T04:39:46.627" LastActivityDate="2018-05-23T04:39:46.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16254" CreationDate="2018-05-22T05:10:23.833" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &quot;важные для него события&quot; is indeed the standard form.&#xA;Can you move &quot;для него&quot; to the other parts of the expression? Actually, you can. The use would get somewhat context and style specific, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Важные события -- для него&quot;: &quot;events are important, but exactly/only/just for him&quot;. Intonational stress on &quot;для него&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;...для него важные события, (для него важные дела, ...)&quot;: this inversion could be used in a phrase with repetitive structure, enumerating similar items &quot;important just/personally for him&quot;. Usable in rather specific context and style, but still. Again, intonational stress on &quot;для него&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-05-22T05:10:23.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16448" CreationDate="2018-05-22T06:44:58.093" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Числительные небольшого количества (два, три и четыре) согласуются по одушевлённости – винительный падеж в зависимости от одушевлённости совпадает с &lt;strong&gt;именительным или родительным&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тургенев увидел &lt;strong&gt;два пятна&lt;/strong&gt; случайных пешеходов. [И. Ф. Анненский. Вторая книга отражений (1909)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однажды, проезжая мимо одной из них, мы увидели &lt;strong&gt;двух уток&lt;/strong&gt;. [В. Г. Короленко. Мороз (1900-1901)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако в этом случае, по крайней мере с некоторыми одушевлёнными существительными, в частности, обозначениями животных, возможны колебания в пользу формы &lt;strong&gt;именительного падежа&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда мы с ним сговаривались, с моим свояком, мы не одну, а три бутылки выпили, полночи гудели и он написал: взял &lt;strong&gt;две коровы&lt;/strong&gt; на прокорм на зиму за три бутылки, одну корову верну по весне, обязуюсь ― и подпись. [Ф. Светов. Мое открытие музея (2001)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Старший сын старика Кувычки, рассказывал его сосед по воронежской деревне, когда, женившись, отделился, получил &lt;strong&gt;три лошади&lt;/strong&gt;. [А. Чудаков. Ложится мгла на старые ступени (1987-2000)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кроме того, &lt;strong&gt;одушевлённость обычно не выражена&lt;/strong&gt; в составных числительных, заканчивающихся на числительные небольшого количества:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А он сделал невидимыми &lt;strong&gt;тридцать три человека&lt;/strong&gt;. [М. Сергеев. Волшебная галоша (1971)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В тот день мы, пионеры шестого класса «Б», вылили &amp;lt;водой из нор&amp;gt; &lt;strong&gt;двадцать два суслика&lt;/strong&gt; и вышли на первое место по заготовке шкурок. [С. Василенко. Суслик (1997)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В языке XIX в. одушевлённость сохранялась в таких контекстах:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Окромя, что побил великое множество неприятеля, взял в плен офицера одного, рядовых &lt;strong&gt;пятьдесят трех человек&lt;/strong&gt;. [И. Д. Панчулидзев. Документы (1812)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отправив таким образом всех (шестьдесят нижних чинов и &lt;strong&gt;двадцать двух арестантов&lt;/strong&gt;), он с старшим унтер-офицером поехал последним. [Н. И. Греч. Записки о моей жизни (1849-1856)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-22T06:44:58.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16465" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16466" CreationDate="2018-05-23T00:56:40.457" Score="4" ViewCount="125" Body="&lt;p&gt;Его отличительная черта – нормированность, т. е. наличие правил (вы их учите в школе из года в год), соблюдение которых обязательно для всех членов общества.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;what is the use of которых here? if i translate is, it would be: observation that is obligatory for all members of community?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if that's the case, why isn't it которые instead?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;help!! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10593" LastActivityDate="2018-05-23T14:34:51.440" Title="what is the use of которых here? if i translate is, it would be: observation that is obligatory for all members of community?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16465" CreationDate="2018-05-23T01:29:18.463" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a tricky sentence. If &lt;code&gt;который&lt;/code&gt; immediately follows a noun, it does not neccessarily refer to this noun. In rare cases, it may refer to any previous noun in the sentence. You encountered such a case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If &lt;code&gt;который&lt;/code&gt; refers to the immediately preceding noun, it is separated by comma, and matches the noun in number, case, and (if relevant) gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It &lt;code&gt;который&lt;/code&gt; refers to another noun, there is no comma. It matches the noun by number, but the case is governed by the immediately preceding noun.  Yes, it is that complicated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sentence, &lt;code&gt;которых&lt;/code&gt; must refer to &lt;code&gt;правил&lt;/code&gt;. One reason is they are both in plural. Other nouns before &lt;code&gt;которых&lt;/code&gt; are in singular.  Besides, if it referred to any other noun, the sentence would be ill-formed, and make no sense. Finally, &lt;code&gt;соблюдение правил&lt;/code&gt; is just a common phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If &lt;code&gt;который&lt;/code&gt; referred to &lt;code&gt;соблюдение&lt;/code&gt;, this part of the sentence would be &lt;code&gt;соблюдение, которое обязательно для всех членов общества&lt;/code&gt; (note the comma).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, &lt;code&gt;которых&lt;/code&gt; is in plural because &lt;code&gt;правил&lt;/code&gt; is in plural. &lt;code&gt;Которых&lt;/code&gt; is in genitive because &lt;code&gt;соблюдение&lt;/code&gt; governs genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2018-05-23T02:27:30.700" LastActivityDate="2018-05-23T02:27:30.700" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16465" CreationDate="2018-05-23T13:24:49.210" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;if that's the case, why isn't it которые instead?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use &quot;которые&quot; like this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;..., &lt;em&gt;соблюдать которые&lt;/em&gt; обязательно для всех членов общества.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;..., &lt;em&gt;которые обязательны к соблюдению&lt;/em&gt; для всех членов общества.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10594" LastActivityDate="2018-05-23T13:24:49.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16465" CreationDate="2018-05-23T13:46:13.447" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Который&amp;quot; is a pronoun which means it stands for, refers to, substitutes another noun. That another noun is called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antecedent_(grammar)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;atecedent&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ava arrived late because traffic held &lt;em&gt;her&lt;/em&gt; up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pronoun &lt;em&gt;her&lt;/em&gt; refers to and takes its meaning from &lt;em&gt;Ava&lt;/em&gt;, so &lt;em&gt;Ava&lt;/em&gt; is the antecedent of &lt;em&gt;her&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being able to find the antecedents of pronouns is very important, especially in long complex sentences with subordinate (dependent) clauses, like the one in your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian where coordinative pronouns like &amp;quot;который&amp;quot; decline in cases, numbers, and genders, it's rather easy to find the antecedents. In your sentence, &amp;quot;которых&amp;quot; is plural and the only plural noun in that sentence is &amp;quot;правил&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;of the rules&amp;quot;) which is the antecedent of &amp;quot;которых&amp;quot;, that's the noun &amp;quot;которых&amp;quot; refers to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-23T14:34:51.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16469" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16427" CreationDate="2018-05-24T13:23:13.700" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been using Russiangram for a few days now in order to replace Grammatica. Very well done and very helpful! The one question I have now is how to choose when it gives you an option. eg: Вели́ка|Велика́. The morfilogia site helps somewhat and also a book I have 5000 Russian words. But one of the most helpful things about Grammatica with its drop down tables was that it made the choice quite easy. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10575" LastActivityDate="2018-05-24T13:23:13.700" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16470" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-24T20:15:06.473" Score="8" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that decimal numbers containing a whole number plus one or more fractional numbers are referred to as &lt;strong&gt;целая&lt;/strong&gt; (whole number) plus &lt;strong&gt;десятая&lt;/strong&gt; (a tenth) or &lt;strong&gt;сотая&lt;/strong&gt; (a hundredth), etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;целая&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is feminine because it stands for the noun &quot;&lt;strong&gt;часть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it seems to me that целая, десятая, etc., don't decline the usual way after a numeral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I'm not mistaken, a &lt;em&gt;masculine&lt;/em&gt; adjective after 2/3/4 takes the &lt;em&gt;genitive plural&lt;/em&gt;, while a feminine adjective after 2/3/4 takes the &lt;em&gt;nominative plural&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Два быстр-&lt;strong&gt;ых&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(G.pl.)&lt;/em&gt; самолёта &lt;em&gt;(G.sing.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Две быстр-&lt;strong&gt;ые&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(N.pl.)&lt;/em&gt; машины &lt;em&gt;(G.sing.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But afterwards, we have &lt;strong&gt;одна целая&lt;/strong&gt; (1,x) and then &lt;strong&gt;две целых&lt;/strong&gt; (2,x). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand why number 0 takes the genitive plural (&lt;strong&gt;ноль целых&lt;/strong&gt;), because all numbers ending in 0 typically demand it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, why isn't &quot;2,x&quot; &lt;strong&gt;две целые&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess this is one more grammatical whim which adds up to the truckload of irregularities featured by the Russian language. Like the word год, whose genitive plural is лет in every situation except for decades, in which it becomes [девяностых] годов, when the decade is referred to in the genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a side note, here's my attempt at transcribing the pronunciation of the following decimal numbers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0,1 - ноль целых, одна десятая&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0,01 - ноль целых, одна сотая&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0,001 - ноль целых, одна тысячная&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0,2 - ноль целых, две десятых&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0,02 - ноль целых, две сотых&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1,2 - одна целая, две десятых&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2,22 - две целых, &lt;strike&gt;две десятых две сотых&lt;/strike&gt; двадцать две сотых&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-24T21:13:16.383" LastActivityDate="2018-05-25T21:29:52.107" Title="Gender of decimal numbers" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4460" CreationDate="2018-05-24T22:35:35.947" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The composer was advertised as Rachmaninoff, signed autographs as Rachmaninoff, and has Rachmaninoff on his tombstone. I think his personal preference is clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10601" LastActivityDate="2018-05-24T22:35:35.947" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16472" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-24T23:07:11.870" Score="1" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;I always see this simple tables, where inclination is determined very easy - you just look if it's feminine, masculine or neuter and then look at the ending of the word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it just doesn't work sometimes.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;&quot;звено&quot; - &quot;звенья&quot;&lt;/code&gt; but &lt;code&gt;&quot;зерно&quot; - &quot;зёрна&quot;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&quot;шило&quot; - &quot;шилья&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. Sometimes it works several ways like &lt;code&gt;&quot;крыло&quot; - &quot;крылья&quot;&lt;/code&gt; but &lt;code&gt;&quot;крылА&quot;&lt;/code&gt; works as well (although sounds a bit old-fashioned). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there some more general rule or I'll just have to memorize all this? I'm especially interested about &quot;зерно&quot; and &quot;звено&quot;, they appear so similar!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10602" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T10:36:19.407" Title="How do you determine inclination of nouns?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16472" CreationDate="2018-05-25T03:40:29.680" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems you are mixing things. If we speak about declension both зерно and звено decline in the same way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И. зерно, звено&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Р. зерна, звена&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Д. зерну, звену&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В. зерно, звено&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Т. зерном, звеном&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  П. о зерне, о звене.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is the problem? As for plural forms, крылья, звенья, (шила!, если два, три, четыре), шилья, зёрна, there's no general rule. You should consult a dictionary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2018-05-25T15:34:16.647" LastActivityDate="2018-05-25T15:34:16.647" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16474" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16475" CreationDate="2018-05-25T10:07:00.323" Score="5" ViewCount="1822" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English there is a convention where you can include featured artists of a song in the song's title using the format: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Song Title] &lt;strong&gt;feat.&lt;/strong&gt; [Featured Artist]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the equivalent of this in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;As pointed out in &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/16476/10407&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt;, I intended to reference the format:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Artist] - [Song Title] &lt;strong&gt;feat.&lt;/strong&gt; [Featured Artist]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10407" LastEditorUserId="10407" LastEditDate="2018-05-25T16:17:46.823" LastActivityDate="2018-05-25T21:46:10.607" Title="How do you write a featuring artist into a song title" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16474" CreationDate="2018-05-25T10:42:44.663" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian equivalents are &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;при участии&lt;/code&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;+ name of an artist&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (prevalent) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;c участием&lt;/code&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;+ name of an artist&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;abbreviated forms &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;при уч.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;c уч.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both literally mean &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;with the participation of&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since features are common in contemporary music genres like hip hop and dance music the above mentioned convention i believe was developed within the Russian hip hop scene, as dance genres scene is underdeveloped in Russia so far as i'm aware. But the convention seems to have been adopted across the spectrum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few examples of the usage: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fwUHXfM0FIY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRNAnJiApPk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0OpfB5_wBI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-25T17:07:54.813" LastActivityDate="2018-05-25T17:07:54.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16474" CreationDate="2018-05-25T10:46:02.237" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You know, I've never seen such a use case. I always thought that &quot;feat.&quot; meant &quot;a duet&quot;, that is one artist does something with another. A quick search gave some examples like &quot;Yelawolf - Best Friend ft. Eminem&quot;, that is [Artist] - [Song Title] feat. [Featured Artist], that is not like you said [Song Title] feat. [Featured Artist]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that case I would say there is no established way to convey this. Basically, you need to express that there are more than one person present in that situation (sing a song in that case). So you can use whatever means you have in the language to do this (I listed them from most preferable one to the least) (&lt;strong&gt;the list is not exhaustive&lt;/strong&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;use the conjunction &quot;и&quot; (it means &quot;and&quot;), that is Филлип Киркоров и Красная Плесень — Зайка моя [Artist] &quot;и&quot; [Artist] ­— [Song].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;use some symbols like &amp;amp;, / etc. Филлип Киркоров &amp;amp; Красная Плесень — Зайка моя [Artist] &amp;amp; [Artist] ­— [Song]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;use the word &quot;дует&quot; (a duet) like Филлип Киркоров, дуэт с Красной Плесенью — Зайка моя [Artist] &quot;дуэт с&quot; [Artist] ­— [Song]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastActivityDate="2018-05-25T10:46:02.237" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16474" CreationDate="2018-05-25T12:51:18.013" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would use the English word unless you know that your target audience does not know what &quot;feat&quot; means (e. g. if these are very old people).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Justification:&lt;/strong&gt; I searched for &quot;feat&quot; on &lt;a href=&quot;https://music.yandex.ru/search?text=feat&amp;amp;type=tracks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yandex.Music&lt;/a&gt;. I found several Russian-speaking artists, who use &quot;feat&quot; in their song titles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CODq4.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CODq4.png&quot; alt=&quot;ДНК&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Fny7a.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Fny7a.png&quot; alt=&quot;Егор Крид&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4dyg5.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4dyg5.png&quot; alt=&quot;GUF&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yandex is targeted at ordinary people. If they use &quot;feat&quot;, it's probably widespread enough in Russia (at least among Yandex users).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1640" LastActivityDate="2018-05-25T12:51:18.013" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16474" CreationDate="2018-05-25T13:30:40.170" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think, in the context  of mentioning a/the/main performing artist (rather than introducing an additional guest performer - in that case: &lt;em&gt;при участии/c участием&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;feat.&lt;/strong&gt; (featuring) can be replaced with the Russian &lt;strong&gt;исп.&lt;/strong&gt; (stands for &lt;em&gt;исполняет&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example from an author's site:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Старый рояль &lt;em&gt;муз. И. Филатова, стихи С. Пискунова, &lt;strong&gt;исп.&lt;/strong&gt; С. Пискунов&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.piskunov-sergey.ru/muzyka/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.piskunov-sergey.ru/muzyka/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-05-25T13:36:17.877" LastActivityDate="2018-05-25T13:36:17.877" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16470" CreationDate="2018-05-25T15:53:03.820" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's about grammatical &lt;em&gt;case&lt;/em&gt;, not gender. Generally, a version like &lt;em&gt;две быстр&lt;strong&gt;ые&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is preferable in more 'personalized', less abstract cases like speaking about &lt;em&gt;available couple of things&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Могу по этому случаю одолжить &lt;strong&gt;две быстрые&lt;/strong&gt; машины. &#xA;  - &lt;em&gt;Которые две&lt;/em&gt;? - &lt;strong&gt;Оба&lt;/strong&gt; мо&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;Феррари&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Правлению банка нужно выделить машины. - &lt;em&gt;Сколько каких&lt;/em&gt;? - &lt;strong&gt;Две быстрых&lt;/strong&gt; - например, &quot;Феррари&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably, numerals tend to be perceived as parts of an abstract concept, and that would make the internal part &lt;em&gt;две цел&lt;strong&gt;ые&lt;/strong&gt; (части числа)&lt;/em&gt; of a numeral sound  informal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-05-25T15:58:43.907" LastActivityDate="2018-05-25T15:58:43.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16472" CreationDate="2018-05-25T16:33:53.347" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is more to declension than just the type. The type determines the endings but quite a few words also get suffixes added or replaced especially when switching into plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;муж - муж&lt;strong&gt;ь&lt;/strong&gt;я&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;стул - стул&lt;strong&gt;ь&lt;/strong&gt;я&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;кот&lt;strong&gt;ёнок&lt;/strong&gt; - кот&lt;strong&gt;ят&lt;/strong&gt;а&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мыш&lt;strong&gt;он&lt;/strong&gt;ок - мыш&lt;strong&gt;ат&lt;/strong&gt;а&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(This type of suffix alteration is quite regular and applies to all animate nouns and the name of a mushroom опенок.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мать - мат&lt;strong&gt;ер&lt;/strong&gt;и&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;дочь - доч&lt;strong&gt;ер&lt;/strong&gt;и&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also volatile vowels:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вет&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;р - ветра (compare to: катер - катера)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quite a few masculine nouns get 'neuter' endings -а/-я: доктор&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;, учител&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given just the nominative singular form of a noun you can't reliably deduce its inflected forms. You need to know if the word has a volatile vowel or suffix alterations or irregular endings. Such information can be found in dictionaries such as &lt;em&gt;The Grammatical Dictionary of Russian&lt;/em&gt; by Andrey Zalizniak. Or you can simply use software tools such as this one: &lt;a href=&quot;http://morpher.ru/Demo.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://morpher.ru/Demo.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T10:36:19.407" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T10:36:19.407" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16470" CreationDate="2018-05-25T21:29:52.107" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please notice, we are speaking about fractions, parts of a whole.&#xA;In Russian, we usually don't pronounce (or write) the word 'part', but we have it mind (though, often unconsciously).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1/5 - [одна] пятая [часть]; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1/10 - [одна] десятая [часть];&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0,1 - ноль целых [частей], [и] одна десятая [часть]; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2,3 - две целых [части], [и] три десятых [части].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10604" LastActivityDate="2018-05-25T21:29:52.107" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4460" CreationDate="2018-05-25T21:38:41.427" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the -off ending (instead of -ov) came from German. The letter 'v', in German, is pronounced as 'f', so, they needed a way to represent the -ov in Russian names and they invented -off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10604" LastActivityDate="2018-05-25T21:38:41.427" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16474" CreationDate="2018-05-25T21:46:10.607" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;We put equivalent from English&#xA;for example, Pussycat Dolls feat. Timbaland&#xA;Russian names and bands also with the word &quot;feat.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10605" LastActivityDate="2018-05-25T21:46:10.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16484" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-25T21:48:37.870" Score="0" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I've found a few feminine nouns, whose declension follows the following pattern:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Singular/Plural&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;N./A. но́вость; но́вости &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;G. но́вости; новос&lt;strong&gt;те́й&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;D. но́вости; новос&lt;strong&gt;тя́м&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I. но́востью; новос&lt;strong&gt;тя́ми&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;P. но́вости; новос&lt;strong&gt;тя́х&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I came across the stress pattern of &lt;strong&gt;новость&lt;/strong&gt;, I thought all nouns ending in -ость followed the same pattern, but I was wrong, and apparently this fragmented pattern (stressed stem on singular and &lt;em&gt;nominative plural&lt;/em&gt;, stressed ending on the remaining cases) is not that frequent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I got to know two more nouns following this pattern:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;це́рковь (це́ркви, церкве́й, церква́м);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;дере́вня (дере́вни, дереве́нь, деревня́м);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any other frequently used feminine nouns with such pattern?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T07:15:48.843" Title="Fragmented stress of feminine nouns" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16459" CreationDate="2018-05-25T21:51:40.737" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;день&quot; is declinable in this situation - на днЕ рождениЯ&#xA;because it's Предложный падеж. The question  for word день is на чём? - на дне&#xA;and than the second question is to word &quot;рождение&quot; - на дне ЧЕГО? рождениЯ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10605" LastActivityDate="2018-05-25T21:51:40.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16484" CreationDate="2018-05-25T21:54:56.953" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Obsolete word &lt;strong&gt;сени&lt;/strong&gt; and semi-obsolete &lt;strong&gt;ясли&lt;/strong&gt; (which both only have plural form) so not frequent, then &lt;strong&gt;сани&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;люди&lt;/strong&gt; (both of which only exist in plural), &lt;strong&gt;часть&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;мать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;дочь&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;смерть&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;соль&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;горсть&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;кость&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;сеть&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;тень&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;дверь&lt;/strong&gt; (all last three with variable stress in sing. P./L. + in sing. G. &amp;amp; D. of &lt;em&gt;дверь&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;полость&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;плоскость&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;скорость&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;область&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;камень&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;зверь&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Save for the last two seems mainly typical of words of the 3d declension group.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And of course the most frequent - &lt;strong&gt;блядь&lt;/strong&gt;, which however as an expletive very rarely gets to be inflected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-26T06:59:28.177" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T06:59:28.177" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16484" CreationDate="2018-05-26T07:15:48.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;See &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Russian_3rd-declension_feminine-form_accent-e_nouns&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian 3rd-declension feminine-form accent-e nouns&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Russian_nouns_with_accent_pattern_e&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian nouns with accent pattern e&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-05-26T07:15:48.843" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16488" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16492" CreationDate="2018-05-27T21:06:14.700" Score="6" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've always thought it should be pronounced with the standard Russian voiced velar stop &lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt; [g]. But lately i've been hearing recordings where it's pronounced as voiced glottal fricative [ɦ] like the Ukrainian &lt;strong&gt;Г&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This pronunciation also represents the word in both &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;English&lt;/a&gt; articles of Wiktionary, and in 2 out of 3 audio examples on &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.forvo.com/word/%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Forvo&lt;/a&gt;, all of which are by residents of Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is there no 'correct' pronunciation, or is it region dependent within Russia?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-27T21:47:20.353" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T10:24:44.743" Title="Pronunciation of interjection &quot;ого&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;междометие&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16489" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-28T00:06:46.377" Score="1" ViewCount="870" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вопрос, собственно, в заголовке.&#xA;Имеется цитата &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;К этому человеку все относились с большим пиететом. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Аркадий Стругацкий, Борис Стругацкий, «Понедельник начинается в субботу», 1964 г.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Значит, &quot;иметь&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;offtopic: какой тэг здесь подойдёт лучше всего? Как называется то чем я сейчас занимаюсь, выбирая из &lt;code&gt;иметь&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;испытывать&lt;/code&gt; относительно &lt;code&gt;пиетет&lt;/code&gt;а? Семантическое согласование? о_О&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Похоже, этот вопрос меня интересует даже сильнее заданного ранее. А вот &lt;code&gt;интересует&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;code&gt;больше&lt;/code&gt; или/и &lt;code&gt;сильнее&lt;/code&gt;?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10612" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-28T10:34:47.370" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T10:34:47.370" Title="Пиетет: иметь или испытывать?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16489" CreationDate="2018-05-28T05:06:51.610" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это вопрос не семантики, а стиля и принятого употребления в речи. И то, и другое может со временем изменяться, &quot;дрейфовать&quot;. И некоторые речевые обороты, хоть формально и возможны, но практически &quot;не существуют&quot;, т.е. не используются.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что: пиетет не &quot;имеют&quot;, а &quot;как бы &quot;применяют&quot; к отношению, ну и &quot;испытывать пиетет&quot; это несколько неуклюже, а лучше: &quot;испытывать (глубокое) уважение&quot;; &quot;пиететом &quot;обладает&quot; отношение (к лицу)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Второй вопрос не имеет определённого ответа. Оба варианта правильны, и выбирать следует по вкусу. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T05:06:51.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16489" CreationDate="2018-05-28T08:08:19.607" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;Испытывать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;иметь&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; семантически отличаются, поэтому не думаю, что их следует противопоставлять. В моём понимании &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;испытывать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; может описывать нечто сиюминутное, преходящее, в то время как &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;иметь&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; - нечто постоянное, долговременное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэтому &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;испытывать пиетет&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; - это скорее испытывать его в некий момент времени или в определённых обстоятельствах, например во время общения, а &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;иметь пиетет&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; - это быть готовым к его испытанию априори, быть наделённым способностью испытывать пиетет по отношению к человеку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так же и с &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;больше&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; против &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;сильнее&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. Уместны оба.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T08:08:19.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16488" CreationDate="2018-05-28T10:24:44.743" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Русский язык. Учебник для ссузов, Москва, 2010, с. 38:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Орфоэпия согласных&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... Лишь в нескольких словах &lt;strong&gt;нужно&lt;/strong&gt; произносить&#xA;заднеязычные щелевые (похожие на [х] и [х'], но только звонкие) звуки,&#xA;которые принято транскрибировать как [ɣ] и [ɣ']: &lt;em&gt;бухгалтер&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;[буɣа́лт'ир], разговорные междометия &lt;em&gt;ага&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ого&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; [оɣо́], &lt;em&gt;угу&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;эге&lt;/em&gt;. Кроме&#xA;того, &lt;em&gt;старшей нормой&lt;/em&gt; [= отражающей старомосковское произношение, в&#xA;отличие от &lt;em&gt;младшей нормы&lt;/em&gt;, соотв. современному литературному языку]&#xA;допускается произношение мягкого звука [ɣ'] в словах &lt;em&gt;Господь&lt;/em&gt;,&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Господи&lt;/em&gt;, в формах слова &lt;em&gt;Бог&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Бога&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Богу&lt;/em&gt; и т. д., а также произношение мягкого звука [ɣ'] в форме &lt;em&gt;о Боге&lt;/em&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That page scanned:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=ocY0DwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA38&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ots=i9pv3lhhol&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U2kE3PKdHmfQKHpKMZ3B8hDEiQffQ&amp;amp;w=1280&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=ocY0DwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA38&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ots=i9pv3lhhol&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U2kE3PKdHmfQKHpKMZ3B8hDEiQffQ&amp;amp;w=1280&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T10:24:44.743" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16493" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-05-28T15:17:29.253" Score="1" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;It has been confusing me the fact that a few verbs have participles which, according to textbooks, normally don't match a particular verb aspect (perfective or imperfective).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;strong&gt;гореть&lt;/strong&gt; (imp.) and &lt;strong&gt;сгореть&lt;/strong&gt; (pf.). The &lt;em&gt;past passive participle&lt;/em&gt; is normally formed from the perfective aspect, however the word &lt;strong&gt;горелый&lt;/strong&gt; exists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example is &lt;strong&gt;резать&lt;/strong&gt; (imp.), &lt;strong&gt;разрезать&lt;/strong&gt; (pf.). According to some dictionaries, the word &lt;strong&gt;резанный&lt;/strong&gt; exists. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently there are also &lt;em&gt;past adverbs&lt;/em&gt; for imperfective verbs, like &lt;strong&gt;ждав&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;подождав&lt;/strong&gt;, according to cooljugator.com.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, how far can we use &lt;em&gt;past participles&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;past adverbs&lt;/em&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;im&lt;/strong&gt;perfective verbs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="8780" LastEditDate="2018-05-28T16:03:22.407" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T21:08:43.103" Title="Off-aspect conjugations" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16493" CreationDate="2018-05-28T17:53:48.420" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Russian syntax: aspects of modern Russian syntax and vocabulary&lt;/strong&gt; has a good description—&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Ignore the notes (sorry, it's my personal copy) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.cz/books?id=RR0ZAQAAIAAJ&amp;amp;dq=syntax%20of%20russian%20%20borrass&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwjVs5qs_KjbAhXNGewKHZYTChwQ6AEIKTAA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(F. M. Borras, Reginald Frank Christian)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Bu3XP.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Bu3XP.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/J6L1S.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/J6L1S.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wQufT.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wQufT.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XqAW8.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XqAW8.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T17:53:48.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16493" CreationDate="2018-05-28T18:24:57.557" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)#%D0%92_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt;  on participles doesn't emphasize the fact of past passive participles being mainly derived from perfective verbs, and in its examples lists two imperfective ones with a potential for a 3d one &lt;strong&gt;печёный&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[C]традательные причастия могут образовываться только от переходных глаголов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Причастия страдательного залога прошедшего времени образуются с&#xA;помощью суффиксов -нн- (от глаголов на -ать: читанный, потерянный),&#xA;-енн- (от глаголов на -ить и -чь: испеченный), -т- (от односложных глаголов: мятый).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Также не от всех глаголов образуются в русском языке страдательные&#xA;причастия прошедшего времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed some forms of past passive participles may sound a little unusual, like &lt;strong&gt;терянный&lt;/strong&gt;, but if context absolutely compels to using them, they can be employed and understood, for example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Этот телефон у меня уже сто раз терянный и найденный - This phone of mine has already been about a dozen times lost and found.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня огород 2 года стоит не копанный - My veggie garden has for&#xA;2 years gone non-spaded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering the statement according to which past passive participles derive from transitive verbs and the list of suffixes pertaining to past participles, it appears that words formed with the suffix - &lt;strong&gt;л&lt;/strong&gt;- (&lt;strong&gt;горелый&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;спелый&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;прелый&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;лежалый&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;вялый&lt;/strong&gt;) can't be classed as participles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think they're adjectives, however indeed their link to intransitive verbs is apparent: &lt;strong&gt;гнилой - гнить&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;умелый - уметь&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;усталый - устать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;отсталый - отстать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;запоздалый - запоздать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;беглый - бегать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;талый&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;таять&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;светлый - светить&lt;/strong&gt; (here the quality is ascribed not to the subject but to the object despite incongruence with the verb's character), and even &lt;strong&gt;смелый&lt;/strong&gt; i believe is linked to &lt;strong&gt;сметь&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strangely i've managed to find only &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.yaklass.ru/p/russky-yazik/5-klass/imia-prilagatelnoe-15580/polnye-i-kratkie-prilagatelnye-12418/re-81bf4f28-0c6a-43ba-82fa-b9da8363fc18&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;one site&lt;/a&gt; where they're mentioned and there they're listed as adjectives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Прилагательные, образованные от глаголов, с суффиксом –л-. Например: обнищалый, опустелый, прошлый.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;According to some dictionaries, the word резанный exists.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My life experience confirms as much. And the phraseologism&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Орать как резанный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ждав&lt;/strong&gt; must be archaic and sounds awkward by modern standards. In modern language &lt;strong&gt;ожидая&lt;/strong&gt; will be rather used instead. However it's no substitute for &lt;strong&gt;подождав&lt;/strong&gt; due to aspect difference. Both have their use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5#%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article&lt;/a&gt; on past adverb states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;несовершенный — обозначает настоящее и прошедшее времена. Образуется&#xA;от глаголов несовершенного вида с помощью суффиксов а (-я) и отвечает&#xA;на вопрос «что делая?»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So imperfective past adverbs derive from imperfective verbs by appendage of the -(а)я suffix and are very much in use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-05-28T21:08:43.103" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16496" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16497" CreationDate="2018-05-28T23:17:33.917" Score="4" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do I say &quot;People move to wherever they can earn more money&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Люди переезжают &lt;strong&gt;туда, куда&lt;/strong&gt; можно зарабатывать больше денег.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Люди переезжают &lt;strong&gt;куда&lt;/strong&gt; можно зарабатывать больше денег.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Люди переезжают &lt;strong&gt;туда, где&lt;/strong&gt; можно зарабатывать больше денег.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Люди переезжают &lt;strong&gt;куда, где&lt;/strong&gt; можно зарабатывать больше денег.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="8780" LastEditDate="2018-05-29T03:05:35.870" LastActivityDate="2018-05-30T15:38:30.283" Title="Pair of clauses indicating destination" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;&lt;subordinate&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16496" CreationDate="2018-05-28T23:59:18.677" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The correct one is the 3rd&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Люди переезж&lt;strong&gt;аю&lt;/strong&gt;т &lt;strong&gt;туда&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;где&lt;/strong&gt; можно зарабатывать больше денег.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or a bit shorter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Люди переезж&lt;strong&gt;аю&lt;/strong&gt;т &lt;strong&gt;туда&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;где&lt;/strong&gt; больше зарабатывают.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Please also pay attention to the correct spelling of the word &lt;code&gt;переезжают&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-05-29T00:12:47.843" LastActivityDate="2018-05-29T00:12:47.843" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8585" CreationDate="2018-05-30T12:57:11.963" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The comprehensive edition Русская грамматика by the Russian Academy of Sciences (Наука, 1980)&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lukashevichus.info/knigi/russk_gramm_sl_shvedova_1.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://lukashevichus.info/knigi/russk_gramm_sl_shvedova_1.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;says (p. 703):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Предикативы&lt;/strong&gt; — это слова с модальными значениями долженствования,&#xA;  необходимости, возможности. Это — &lt;em&gt;самостоятельные слова&lt;/em&gt;, не&#xA;  соотносительные с &lt;em&gt;качественными&lt;/em&gt; наречиями и краткими&#xA;  прилагательными; например, &lt;em&gt;должно, &lt;strong&gt;можно&lt;/strong&gt;, надо, нельзя, нужно,&#xA;  устар. надобно&lt;/em&gt;. По своим синтаксическим функциям эти слова совпадают с&#xA;  предикативами в системе &lt;em&gt;существительных&lt;/em&gt; [лень, недосуг]...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it's different from &lt;em&gt;adverb&lt;/em&gt;. Unlikely there's an exact English term for предикатив in its defined meaning; here's a page using the term &lt;em&gt;predicative adverb&lt;/em&gt;, however along with the words like надо, defined above, typical adverbs (like холодно) are included which are out of that definition.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russianlearn.com/grammar/category/predicative_adverbs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://russianlearn.com/grammar/category/predicative_adverbs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another version of literally parsing the sentence (as opposed to proper translation with 'May I...'), in an attempt to replace &lt;em&gt;можно&lt;/em&gt; with something as impersonal: &lt;em&gt;Is it OK if&lt;/em&gt; I have some tea? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-06-01T04:26:20.437" LastActivityDate="2018-06-01T04:26:20.437" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16496" CreationDate="2018-05-30T14:51:54.837" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion a more accurate and idiomatic rendering would be with the verb in perfective aspect&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Люди переезжают туда, где можно зарабОТАТЬ больше денег&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;ever&quot;-ness present in the English sentence i think can at least to some degree be conveyed with conditional mood&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Люди переезжают туда, где можно &lt;em&gt;было бы&lt;/em&gt; зарабОТАТЬ больше денег&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the word &lt;strong&gt;угодно&lt;/strong&gt; suggested by Ingaz in my opinion it would sound better with the subordinate clause being introduced with conjunction &lt;em&gt;чтобы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Люди переезжают куда угодно, &lt;em&gt;чтобы&lt;/em&gt; зарабОТАТЬ больше денег&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;even though this rendering isn't completely equivalent to the English sentence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A combination &lt;em&gt;pronoun + угодно&lt;/em&gt; as the main clause indicator for a subordinate clause in a complex sentence doesn't seem typical to Russian. Corpus of Russian language lists very few such cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-05-30T15:38:30.283" LastActivityDate="2018-05-30T15:38:30.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16500" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16501" CreationDate="2018-05-31T13:33:22.753" Score="4" ViewCount="79" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to say in Russian &quot;published computer scientist&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6471" LastActivityDate="2018-05-31T15:36:08.917" Title="&quot;Published computer scientist&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;terminology&gt;&lt;word&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2018-05-31T16:03:02.223" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16500" CreationDate="2018-05-31T15:36:08.917" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer a half of your question, &quot;computer science&quot; is typically (after German and French, I guess) referred to in Russian as &lt;code&gt;информатика&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is, actually, a thin veil of differences between possible terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Computer science, used as a direct loan from English, is specially about computers. Duh.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Информатика&lt;/code&gt;, the standard word in, e.g. German for the field, could also be directly translated as &quot;informatics&quot; in English, even if very seldom. It is about &lt;em&gt;information processing&lt;/em&gt; though, which is a wider term.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The older &lt;code&gt;кибернетика&lt;/code&gt;, loaned directly from &quot;cybernetics&quot; has fallen out of grace. It's about automatic systems and information processing, detached from the medium and way of processing. It's almost never used in the West, in the East there was a historic crack-down on it (and also on genetics), so it's mostly remembered by native-speakers for that. I've never seen this term used for computer science in a serious context.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usage of names for modern partial areas varies. For example, &quot;data science&quot; is mostly taken verbatim, while &quot;deep learning&quot; is typically translated to &lt;code&gt;глубокое обучение&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, someone doing a science is a scientist (&lt;code&gt;ученый&lt;/code&gt;), or a studied professional (&lt;code&gt;специалист&lt;/code&gt;). I infer &quot;published&quot; as &quot;had published research&quot;, but I am unsure. In this case it's something compound as &lt;code&gt;специалист, публиковавший научные работы в области информатики&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2018-05-31T15:36:08.917" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16502" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-01T12:07:20.030" Score="3" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он уже даже  хотел  начать  изучать  физику,  которую  в шутку называл физикой-мизикой... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm having trouble identifying how the subordinate clause links to the main clause, specifically, how the antecedent works. &#xA;is it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;... physics, which is called 'something' &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;calling physics 'something'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To illustrate my confusion, in English you can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The book which i am reading.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the sentence can be broken into &quot;The book&quot; and &quot;I am reading the book.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The book which is interesting&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which one does the &lt;code&gt;который&lt;/code&gt; in the example work like? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10593" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-06-01T13:06:41.977" LastActivityDate="2018-06-02T04:40:03.677" Title="Another question on который, how is it used here?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16502" CreationDate="2018-06-01T13:52:30.460" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The option 2 &lt;code&gt;calling physics 'something'&lt;/code&gt; is correct&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A synonymous sentence would look like &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он уже даже хотел начать изучать физику, в шутку &lt;strong&gt;называя её&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  физикой-мизикой -&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  He even was about to start learning physics facetiously &lt;strong&gt;calling it&lt;/strong&gt; physics-shmysics&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the literally accurate translation of the original was provided by Alex_ander in the comment&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The female pronoun in Accusative &lt;code&gt;которУю&lt;/code&gt; refers to female noun in Accusative &lt;code&gt;физикУ&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-06-01T13:52:30.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16504" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16505" CreationDate="2018-06-01T14:16:16.250" Score="4" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not a native, but I came across these two sentences on a thread over at &lt;a href=&quot;https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/6181/did-a-cave-man-style-language-ever-exist?rq=1&quot; title=&quot;this thread on Linguistics.SE&quot;&gt;this thread on Linguistics.SE&lt;/a&gt;, and I had some kind of vague feeling the sentences did not mean &lt;em&gt;exactly&lt;/em&gt; the same thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Огонь - плох&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Огонь - плохо&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference, and if so what is it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastActivityDate="2018-06-01T18:16:23.327" Title="Is there a difference between Огонь - плох and Огонь - плохо?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16504" CreationDate="2018-06-01T15:14:38.620" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;1 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Огонь плох&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (without a dash) is a combination of words, able to also stand as a sentence, which refers to the quality of fire, e.g. unstable, weak, producing little light etc &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Огонь - плох&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (with a dash) is a sentence which may refer to adverse consequences of fire, it can be reworded as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Огонь - он плох&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, it's bad as a destructive force&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Огонь - плохо&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a sentence which refers to the quality of a situation in which there's fire, it can be reworded as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Огонь - это плохо&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and is unpacked as &lt;code&gt;it's bad when there's fire&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Abstract and general phenomena as well as predicate in impersonal sentences in Russian are expressed in neuter gender, that's why &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;плохо&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't refer to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;огонь&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; but to the whole affair of its presence and/or activity&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-01T18:16:23.327" LastActivityDate="2018-06-01T18:16:23.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16502" CreationDate="2018-06-02T04:40:03.677" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он уже даже хотел начать изучать физику, которую в шутку называл физикой-мизикой...= которую (он) называл (which he called ).=он называл физику...= &lt;strong&gt;he called physics something&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 physics, which is called 'something'=физику, &lt;strong&gt;которая называлась&lt;/strong&gt;(passive)&#xA;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 calling physics 'something'= &lt;strong&gt;называя физику чем-то&lt;/strong&gt;(participle-gerund)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering all the examples you can choose the equivalent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-06-02T04:40:03.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16508" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16511" CreationDate="2018-06-02T23:32:05.290" Score="4" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;A woman is not an aunt to her son-in-law, but does зять have an alternate meaning other than son-in-law, or тетка have an alternate meaning other than aunt, such that a woman can be тетка to her зять?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to know whether there is any support for the possibility that the two women listed in these two records are the same woman:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В духовных росписях (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;исповедных книгах&lt;/a&gt;) ... прихода ... уезда ... губернии за 1820 год имеются следующие записи:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;вдова Евдокия Лаврентьевна (фамилия не указана) – 48 лет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;зять ее Иван Осипович (фамилия не указана) – 33 года&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В  &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ревизской сказке&lt;/a&gt; за 1834 год (8-я ревизия) среди государственных крестьян деревни ... сельского общества ... волости ... уезда ... губернии значатся:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Осип…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;его 1-й сын Иван&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ныне лет (1834 год) – 45&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ивана Осиповича тетка Авдотья (отчество не указано)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ныне лет (1834 год) – 63&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it significant that an official record uses тетка instead of тётя?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have precedent for another woman in a later generation (Осип’s great granddaughter) who is named Евдокия in the confession records and Авдотья in the revision records, and in her case it is clear that it is the same woman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5818" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-03T09:28:22.437" Title="Can a woman be тетка to her зять in any sense of the words?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16509" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16521" CreationDate="2018-06-02T23:36:42.180" Score="5" ViewCount="174" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему «Директор зоопарка», но &lt;strong&gt;«Заведующий зоопарком»&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Заведующий» здесь не существительное?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5584" LastActivityDate="2018-06-04T23:34:33.147" Title="Почему «Директор зоопарка», но «Заведующий зоопарком»?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16510" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16516" CreationDate="2018-06-03T04:11:55.400" Score="3" ViewCount="191" Body="&lt;p&gt;Умней ли такой красавчик или красавица, чем другие ребята, добрее или способней?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hello, I'm confused with the word умней, imperative of умнеть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do you translate this sentence? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10593" LastActivityDate="2018-06-03T21:12:28.723" Title="Здравствуйте, что это предложение значит?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16508" CreationDate="2018-06-03T06:02:28.240" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is it significant that an official record uses тетка instead of тётя?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тётка is a more official form, so it was more appropriate to use it here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I have precedent for another woman in a later generation (Осип’s great granddaughter) who is named Евдокия in the confession records and Авдотья in the revision records&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Авдотья is a simplified form of the name Евдокия (which is of a greek origin). In principle, from the bureaucratic point of view, the different name forms should be considered different no matter what, however, in practice the situation where one person goes under two names/forms isn't absolutely extraordinary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I want to know whether there is any support for the possibility that the two women listed in these two records are the same woman&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, she must be named as &quot;&lt;em&gt;тёща&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (mother-in-law), not &quot;&lt;em&gt;тётка&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (aunt), however, it won't be a surprise if such a small mistake was done. So, of course, that was possible (or, I should say, quite probable).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2018-06-03T06:02:28.240" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16509" CreationDate="2018-06-03T06:42:32.703" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; утверждает, что &quot;заведующий&quot; - это, в частности, существительное. Так же, как &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;управляющий&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Но очевидно, что это субстантивированные причастия, и с дополнением их принято согласовывать по модели причастий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Опять же, в Wiktionary примеры предложений с этими словами содержат именно такой тип согласования.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search-answer?s=%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Грамота.ру&lt;/a&gt; это подтверждает&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Правильно: &lt;em&gt;заместитель управляющего &lt;strong&gt;отделением&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Правильно: &lt;em&gt;работает в должности заведующего терапевтическим&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;отделением&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Слово заведующий управляет творительным падежом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pedlib.ru/Books/4/0038/4_0038-131.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Субстантивированное причастие&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;§ 99. Переход причастий в прилагательные и существительные  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Причастия могут употребляться также &lt;strong&gt;в значении имени существительного&lt;/strong&gt;, т.е. &lt;strong&gt;субстантивироваться.&lt;/strong&gt; Ср.: Поле, окружающее деревню. — Окружающее его утомляло. В предложении&#xA;  субстантивированные причастия являются подлежащим или дополнением:&#xA;  Минувшее проходит предо мною. (П.) Мересьев устал от всего пережитого.&#xA;  (Б. Пол.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Борисоглебская Э.И., Гурченкова В.П., Курбыко А.Е. и др. Русский язык: Пособие для поступающих в вузы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Субстантива́ция, или субстантиви́рование&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(от лат. substantivum — существительное), — &lt;strong&gt;переход в разряд имён&#xA;  существительных&lt;/strong&gt; других частей речи (прилагательных, глаголов,&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;причастий&lt;/strong&gt;, числительных), вследствие приобретения ими способности непосредственно указывать на предмет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;причастие: «командующий отдал приказ»&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-04T18:41:08.083" LastActivityDate="2018-06-04T18:41:08.083" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16508" CreationDate="2018-06-03T08:46:10.473" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since all the original records are handwritten, there's a slim chance that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;тётка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is simply an erroneous reading of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;тёща&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; written illegibly, but to be able to corroborate this conjecture the actual text needs to be examined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand the gap between the ages of each person in two documents is different, in the 1st it's 15 years, while in the 2nd it's 18, could be an error but could also have significance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-03T09:14:24.207" LastActivityDate="2018-06-03T09:14:24.207" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16508" CreationDate="2018-06-03T09:28:22.437" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, &quot;тетка&quot; (written with &quot;e&quot;, BTW) wasn't considered an &quot;improper&quot; form of naming the relative in the 19th c. language (and even more so when peasants were considered).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some regional dialects &quot;тетка&quot; and &quot;дядька&quot; were considered a polite form of addressing an unacquainted person older than the speaker, even in the 20th c.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, the old woman might have gone to live &quot;on her son-in-law's bread&quot; (&quot;идти в приживалки&quot;), and so was named just like the older woman in the records.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I doubt the possibility of mixing up the hand-written &quot;тк&quot; and &quot;щ&quot;. The 1st one has 4 vertical elements and nothing under the baseline, the 2nd one has 3 vertical elements and the loop under the baseline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-03T09:28:22.437" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16510" CreationDate="2018-06-03T09:31:51.387" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Translatable as:&#xA;Is this he-beauty or she-beauty &lt;em&gt;more clever&lt;/em&gt; [&quot;умней&quot;] than the other guys, or more kind or more gifted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-03T09:31:51.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16510" CreationDate="2018-06-03T21:12:28.723" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately your confusion is caused by the coincidence of two forms. &#xA;The first is (in your version ) an imperative of the verb &quot;умнеть&quot; – умней, and the second is (in reality) the comparative from the adjective &quot;умный&quot; – умнее, or умней&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Умней ли такой красавчик или красавица, чем другие ребята, добрее или способней? Is such a handsome boy or a beautiful girl &lt;strong&gt;cleverer&lt;/strong&gt;, kinder, or more talented than other guys? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-06-03T21:12:28.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16517" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16523" CreationDate="2018-06-04T17:04:11.077" Score="3" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was looking up the verb &lt;em&gt;обнимать&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;обнять&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; says some very weird and confusing things about the “literary conjugation” of &lt;em&gt;обнимать&lt;/em&gt;. The word &lt;em&gt;объемлет&lt;/em&gt;, according to Wiktionary, does not correspond to any infinitive. But it is also a part of the literary conjugation of &lt;em&gt;обнимать&lt;/em&gt;. This is oxymoronic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to me like the correct explanation is the following: &lt;em&gt;объять&lt;/em&gt; is a verb that is neither perfective nor imperfective. It has both present-tense conjugation and future-tense conjugation: &lt;em&gt;он объемлет&lt;/em&gt; (it encompasses) and &lt;em&gt;он обоймёт&lt;/em&gt; (it will encompass). It has no past imperfective, only past perfective: &lt;em&gt;они объяли&lt;/em&gt; (they encompassed).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please explain the verb &lt;em&gt;объять&lt;/em&gt;, and what the connection is between &lt;em&gt;объять&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;обнимать/обнять&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8794" LastEditorUserId="8794" LastEditDate="2018-06-04T19:59:04.227" LastActivityDate="2018-06-05T11:54:39.760" Title="What's up with объять?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16517" CreationDate="2018-06-04T17:30:17.073" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to the 2nd part of your question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The words &quot;обнимать/обнять&quot; are the imperfective and perfective forms of the same verb, meaning &quot;to embrace/hug&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &quot;объять&quot; is considered to be of rather high literary style, not usually encountered in oral speech. Meaning approx. &quot;to encompass [in the sense of including, containing something big in size/volume or well-extended]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cf. &quot;нельзя объять необъятное&quot; -- &quot;one can't encompass unencompassable&quot; in the sense &quot;don't disperse your efforts, concentrate&quot; or &quot;better leave this (subject, target) as is, it's too effort-consuming&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or &quot;необъятные просторы&quot; -- &quot;unbounded vastnesses&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-04T17:30:17.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16517" CreationDate="2018-06-04T19:06:26.237" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;объемлет&lt;/strong&gt; is 3rd person present of the imperfective &lt;strong&gt;обымать&lt;/strong&gt;. The infinitive &lt;strong&gt;обымать&lt;/strong&gt; is archaic but its other forms are still used and are considered high / literary / poetic style:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как океан &lt;strong&gt;объемлет&lt;/strong&gt; шар земной, Земная жизнь кругом &lt;strong&gt;объята&lt;/strong&gt; снами.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a table that sums up the four verbs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&#xA;| Imperfective | Perfective |&#xA;| ------------ | ---------- |&#xA;| обнимать     | обнять     |&#xA;| обымать      | объять     |&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2018-06-04T23:16:36.873" LastActivityDate="2018-06-04T23:16:36.873" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16509" CreationDate="2018-06-04T23:26:29.443" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll start from the beginning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;code&gt;заведовать&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;to manage&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;to supervise&lt;/code&gt;. (Below I'll translate it as &lt;code&gt;to supervise&lt;/code&gt;.) This verb, along with similar verbs (&lt;code&gt;руководить&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;управлять&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;править&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;командовать&lt;/code&gt;), governs instrumental case: &lt;code&gt;руководить предприятием&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;управлять государством&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;командовать армией&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;заведовать складом&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Заведующий&lt;/code&gt; is a participle (причастие) made from this verb.  In Russian, participles govern the same cases as their respective verbs. So, &lt;code&gt;заведующий&lt;/code&gt; also governs instrumental case: &lt;code&gt;заведовать зоопарком&lt;/code&gt; -&gt; &lt;code&gt;заведующий зоопарком&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thе noun phrase &lt;code&gt;заведующий зоопарком&lt;/code&gt; should be translated, most literally, as &lt;code&gt;one who supervises the zoo&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this noun phrase, &lt;code&gt;заведующий&lt;/code&gt; is a &quot;substantiated participle&quot;. In simple terms, it means the participle is now &quot;working as a noun&quot;. That is not important for our purposes. The word &lt;code&gt;заведующий&lt;/code&gt; still governs instrumental case, no matter what. Semantically, it is a noun in this expression, but grammatically, it remains a participle.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, for example, if a profession &quot;любящий зоопарк&quot; existed, the word &lt;code&gt;зоопарк&lt;/code&gt; would be in accusative, because the verb &lt;code&gt;любить&lt;/code&gt; governs accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What about the word &lt;code&gt;директор&lt;/code&gt;? There is no story behing it. It is just a boring, plain noun. As any noun, it governs genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope that helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2018-06-04T23:34:33.147" LastActivityDate="2018-06-04T23:34:33.147" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16517" CreationDate="2018-06-05T11:54:39.760" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The situation is diachronically unpleasant. The -н- in обнимать and обнять is an innovation replacing older forms which would give обымать and объять. (Cf. 3rd person pronoun's forms with н after prepositions, which are themselves due to reanalysis of forms like вън его &gt; въ него (&gt; в него) and further analogy.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the verbs, -н-forms (понимать, донимать, etc.) have all but expelled from Russian -н-less-forms. However, объять (and, to a lesser extent, its imperfective pair обымать) was maintained by Church Slavonic (CS) influence, where -н-forms do not seem to have won (except for prefix в &amp;lt; въ &amp;lt; вън, cf. внять - внимать - внемлет). Объемлет is itself a CS correlate to обнимает with another imperfective affix (*-j &gt; л, not a); aspectual distinction was yet fuzzy in CS, so объемлет was taken as, so to say, habitual present form (though not continuous, which would still be обымает expelled by обнимает).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Synchronically, however, Wiktionary's analysis seems to be the best: объемлет would have infinitive обымать but the verb has no prescriptively approved infinitive stem (and therefore no past as well). So the imperfective pair of объять is largely defective, having only finite present forms (and present participles объемлющий and объемлемый; I do not want to be engaged in a discussion of whether participles are verb forms). Of course, the situation does somewhat remind the situation with biaspectuals like казнить, женить and many -овать verbs, but the latter use the same form for perfective future and (necessarily imperfective) present.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2018-06-05T11:54:39.760" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16524" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16528" CreationDate="2018-06-06T03:50:21.580" Score="3" ViewCount="1799" Body="&lt;p&gt;В электроэнергетике есть термин, в употреблении которого никак не удаётся прийти к консенсусу: часть энергетиков говорит &quot;оценка состояния&quot;, часть - &quot;оценивание состояния&quot;. Есть ли какая-то разница с лингвистической точки зрения? Какое слово в каком случае следует употреблять?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10631" LastActivityDate="2018-06-06T06:50:24.887" Title="В чём разница между &quot;оценка&quot; и &quot;оценивание&quot;?" Tags="&lt;стилистика&gt;&lt;терминология&gt;&lt;лингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16524" CreationDate="2018-06-06T04:16:25.617" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;И &quot;оценка&quot;, и &quot;оценивание&quot; могут означать действие, процесс; &quot;оценка&quot;, кроме того, может означать итог, результат.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вероятнее всего, речь о личных предпочтениях говорящих, одни из которых предпочитают проводить это различие (или переняли речевой оборот у предпочитавших это различие), для других же это не столь важно. Или даже случайность выбора.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ведь этого нет в нормативных документах?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-06T04:16:25.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16524" CreationDate="2018-06-06T04:38:54.093" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Существительное «оценка» гораздо многозначнее, чем «оценивание». Вот основные значения:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ОЦЕ́НКА, оценки, жен.&#xA;  1. только ед. Действие по гл. оценить-оценивать. Произвести оценку имущества.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В данном значении оно синонимично существительному « оценивание». &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Назначенная или определенная кем-нибудь стоимость, цена. Низкая оценка. Высокая оценка.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мнение, суждение, высказанное о качествах кого-чего-нибудь. Правильная оценка чьих-нибудь поступков. Дать настоящую оценку кому-чему-нибудь.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2-3 значения являются результатом первого.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Школьный балл, отметка.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вам надо учитывать, идет ли речь о процессе (&lt;strong&gt;оценивание/оценка&lt;/strong&gt;) или о результате(&lt;strong&gt;оценка&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-06-06T04:38:54.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16524" CreationDate="2018-06-06T05:34:51.447" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Оценивание&lt;/strong&gt; (чего-либо) может означать &lt;em&gt;только&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;действие&lt;/strong&gt; (завершающееся &lt;em&gt;оценкой&lt;/em&gt;), поэтому слово может употребляться &lt;em&gt;вне контекста&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Оценка&lt;/strong&gt; (чего-либо) может иметь как смысл &lt;strong&gt;действия оценивания&lt;/strong&gt;, так и смысл &lt;strong&gt;результата оценивания&lt;/strong&gt; (например, количественного). Поэтому для распознания значения слова &lt;em&gt;обязателен контекст&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-06-06T05:34:51.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16524" CreationDate="2018-06-06T06:50:24.887" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;В Гугле при поиске закавыченных терминов &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&amp;amp;biw=1274&amp;amp;bih=893&amp;amp;ei=8n8XW6GFE8TYgAaAubfoCw&amp;amp;q=%22%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%22+%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;amp;oq=%22%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%22+%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;amp;gs_l=psy-ab.3...122365.124910.0.135854.2.2.0.0.0.0.154.280.0j2.2.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..0.0.0....0.1AAjB4HyO6Y&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;оценивание состояния&lt;/a&gt;&quot; и &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&amp;amp;biw=1274&amp;amp;bih=893&amp;amp;ei=1H8XW-z0NcytgAbS1qKQAg&amp;amp;q=%22%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%22+%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;amp;oq=%22%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%22+%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;amp;gs_l=psy-ab.3...116288.118717.0.119250.2.2.0.0.0.0.154.297.0j2.2.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..0.0.0....0.9zuU0NTcB28&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;оценка состояния&lt;/a&gt;&quot; в сочетании со словом &quot;электроэнергетика&quot; результатов по первому запросу примерно в 27 раз меньше, чем по второму (более 2000 против более 54 000)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В &lt;a href=&quot;http://isem.irk.ru/publications/503/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;предложении&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Рассматривается задача &lt;strong&gt;оценивания&lt;/strong&gt; состояния электроэнергетических&#xA;  систем (ЭЭС) по текущим значениям наблюдаемых параметров этих систем.&#xA;  Оценивание состояния электроэнергетической системы: алгоритмы и примеры решения линеаризованных задач&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Гурина Л.А., Зоркальцев В.И., Колосок И.Н., Коркина Е.С., Мокрый И.В. &quot;Оценивание состояния электроэнергетической системы: алгоритмы и примеры решения линеаризованных задач&quot;, ИСЭМ СО РАН ISBN: 978-5-93908-148-1, 2016&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;на мой взгляд можно применить и слово &quot;&lt;strong&gt;оценка&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, так как из контекста (фраза: &lt;em&gt;задача оценивания&lt;/em&gt;) уже понятно, что речь идёт о &lt;em&gt;действии&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Соглашаясь с другими ответами, считаю, что &quot;&lt;strong&gt;оценка&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; менее специфично, в то время как &quot;&lt;strong&gt;оценивание&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; более уместно в контекстах, где необходимо подчеркнуть именно значение &lt;em&gt;действия&lt;/em&gt;. Кроме того,  стилистически на мой вкус &quot;&lt;strong&gt;оценивание&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; звучит несколько громоздко и напоминает канцелярит,  потому я бы воздержался от его применения без нужды.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-06-06T06:50:24.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16530" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16531" CreationDate="2018-06-07T05:25:23.527" Score="8" ViewCount="373" Body="&lt;p&gt;Каждый  коротышка  был  ростом  с  небольшой&#xA;огурец.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am translating it as every small person was of the size of small cucumber?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am confused about the case, why is cucumber in accusative or nominative and why use с небольшой?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10593" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-12-02T12:34:46.460" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T08:47:50.250" Title="How is &quot;огурец&quot; used here?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;творительный-падеж&gt;&lt;instrumental&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16530" CreationDate="2018-06-07T07:02:24.263" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt; This is one of adjectival constructions in Russian to denote likeness in terms of measures.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;размером с&lt;/strong&gt; горошину  &lt;code&gt;as small as a pea&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;ростом с&lt;/strong&gt; мизинец &lt;code&gt;as short as a pinkie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;весом с&lt;/strong&gt; пудовую гирю  &lt;code&gt;as heavy as a 16 kg weight&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  рептилия &lt;strong&gt;длиной с&lt;/strong&gt; автобус  &lt;code&gt;a reptile as long as a bus&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;глубиной с&lt;/strong&gt; Марианскую впадину  &lt;code&gt;as deep as Mariana Trench&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;толщиной с&lt;/strong&gt; бревно  &lt;code&gt;as thick as a log&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;шириной с&lt;/strong&gt; футбольное поле &lt;code&gt;as wide as a football field&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these the preposition &lt;strong&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt; governs Accusative case because it implies a question &lt;strong&gt;c кого? с что?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An approximation of literal translation would be&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;OF THE&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;size/length/width/height/depth etc.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;OF&lt;/code&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;but a more idiomatic one is&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;AS&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;big/small/long/short/high/low/deep etc.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;AS&lt;/code&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A word denoting a type of dimension or quality (&lt;strong&gt;размером&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;высотой&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;шириной&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;длиной&lt;/strong&gt; etc) can be omitted if it's clear from the context&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;помидор &lt;strike&gt;размером&lt;/strike&gt; с горошину&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  кулак &lt;strike&gt;величиной&lt;/strike&gt; с пудовую гирю&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  змеи &lt;strike&gt;толщиной&lt;/strike&gt; с бревно&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  сосиски &lt;strike&gt;длиной&lt;/strike&gt; с мизинец&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt; Instead of &lt;strong&gt;небольшой&lt;/strong&gt; one can use &lt;strong&gt;маленький&lt;/strong&gt; as well. But in this context these words differ in their register. &lt;strong&gt;Маленький&lt;/strong&gt; could be perceived as belonging to a primitive language, like that of children and  poorly educated speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-07T20:10:26.330" LastActivityDate="2018-06-07T20:10:26.330" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16530" CreationDate="2018-06-07T10:49:03.673" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Небольшой&quot; is perceived as slightly bigger than &quot;маленький&quot;, but not yet so big as &quot;big&quot;. Think &quot;medium or just a tad bigger&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &quot;коротышка&quot;, being the quasi-race name, would be better translated as, e.g., &quot;shortling&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-07T10:49:03.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16533" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16535" CreationDate="2018-06-07T13:40:14.247" Score="1" ViewCount="893" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это вроде как человек загордился?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Context: &quot;после получения диплома, у него тройная корона выросла.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastEditorUserId="9100" LastEditDate="2018-06-07T14:37:21.993" LastActivityDate="2018-06-07T19:43:57.233" Title="Что значит выросла корона?" Tags="&lt;фраза&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16533" CreationDate="2018-06-07T14:25:23.797" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This term is employed in narrow context of a &lt;a href=&quot;https://evo-lutio.livejournal.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;popular Russian relations psychology blogger&lt;/a&gt;. In that context it (very roughly) means a sudden build-up of illusions of self-importance to other party.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не &quot;загордился&quot;, а скорее &quot;перестал видеть настоящее отношение к себе и стал видеть выдуманное&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When used outside of this context it might mean anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2018-06-07T14:25:23.797" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16533" CreationDate="2018-06-07T15:25:19.680" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не знаю источника происхождения этого выражения и можно ли его признать уже оформившимся фразеологизмом, но мне оно понятно без связи с какими-либо блогами, как вариант выражения &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;корона не упадёт&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; и ему подобных.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово &lt;strong&gt;корона&lt;/strong&gt; в современном разговорном языке, насколько я заметил, приобрело переносное значение &lt;em&gt;завышенного самомнения&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;заносчивости&lt;/em&gt;, т.е. архетипически королевских замашек, или используется для саркастического и пренебрежительного обозначения чувства собственного достоинства и самоуважения в негативных высказываниях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэтому я понимаю предложение в том смысле, что после получения диплома у человека непропорционально и неоправданно выросла самооценка, человек стал себя переоценивать, стал заноситься, задрал нос.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&amp;amp;tbs=cdr%3A1%2Ccd_min%3A1%2F1%2F1990%2Ccd_max%3A12%2F31%2F2002&amp;amp;ei=FHkZW62rIMKVsgGw_oPwBw&amp;amp;q=%22%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%22&amp;amp;oq=%22%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%22&amp;amp;gs_l=psy-ab.3..0i30k1.9882.11674.0.12129.6.6.0.0.0.0.182.494.0j3.3.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..3.2.329...0i7i30k1j0i8i7i30k1j0i7i5i30k1.0.taRQ2xBqTCU&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1999 г.&lt;/a&gt; Гугл впервые фиксирует выражение &lt;strong&gt;&quot;корона не упала&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ни у кого &lt;strong&gt;корона не упала&lt;/strong&gt; перевестись на заочное и пойти работать,&#xA;  растить и СОДЕРЖАТЬ детей, работать и получать высшее&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;а &lt;strong&gt;&quot;корона не упадёт&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; впервые фиксируется в &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%22&amp;amp;newwindow=1&amp;amp;biw=1279&amp;amp;bih=891&amp;amp;source=lnt&amp;amp;tbs=cdr%3A1%2Ccd_min%3A1%2F1%2F1990%2Ccd_max%3A12%2F31%2F2002&amp;amp;tbm=&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2002 г.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но, как говорится, с их головы &lt;strong&gt;корона не упадет&lt;/strong&gt;, если они признают,&#xA;  что ни одно открытие их в этом направлении современной науке не&#xA;  принадлежит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выражение &lt;strong&gt;&quot;корона выросла&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; впервые Гуглом зафиксировано в &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&amp;amp;biw=1279&amp;amp;bih=891&amp;amp;tbs=cdr%3A1%2Ccd_min%3A1%2F1%2F1990%2Ccd_max%3A12%2F31%2F2008&amp;amp;ei=vXsZW-mcCLSSmgX13rzwCA&amp;amp;q=%22%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%22&amp;amp;oq=%22%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%22&amp;amp;gs_l=psy-ab.3..0i30k1j0i8i30k1l2.47101.48318.0.48732.7.7.0.0.0.0.330.896.0j2j1j1.4.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..5.2.516...0i19k1j0i7i30i19k1.0.O5mjcaCbmGY&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2005 г.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Спасибо за совет дорогие домовые только дельного мало, вы что с&#xA;  посторонними вообще не общаетесь или &lt;strong&gt;корона выросла&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;следующая фиксация - только в 2008 г.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так вот у девушки-мастера в какой-то момент такая &lt;strong&gt;корона выросла&lt;/strong&gt;, что&#xA;  это стало отражаться на обслуживании клиентов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В утвердительной форме &lt;strong&gt;&quot;корона упала&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; со смыслом &quot;перестать важничать, стать проще&quot; и &quot;унизиться&quot; впервые фиксируется в &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%22&amp;amp;newwindow=1&amp;amp;tbs=cdr:1,cd_min:1/1/2012,cd_max:12/31/2012&amp;amp;ei=WXEZW57hJsOCgAbC-6_wBQ&amp;amp;start=0&amp;amp;sa=N&amp;amp;biw=1279&amp;amp;bih=891&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;2012 г.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;О, да! Моя доча 3,5 лет на себе ощутила тайскую любоффь))) Она всё&#xA;  время была в недоумении, почему, кроме мамы и папы, её тискают&#xA;  незнакомые иностранные граждане ))))....Ну, а дома то &lt;strong&gt;&quot;корона упала&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; и&#xA;  она еще долго вспоминала дружелюбный тайский народ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;странно, конечно, 2 минуты сидеть и записывать - это по-мужски,&#xA;   йоптыть... выйти и помочь - &lt;strong&gt;это ж корона упала бы, да&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-07T19:43:57.233" LastActivityDate="2018-06-07T19:43:57.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16536" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-08T01:43:13.350" Score="3" ViewCount="103" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Even in the most &lt;strong&gt;peaceful&lt;/strong&gt; of &lt;strong&gt;regions&lt;/strong&gt;, something happens.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;one indefinite, unspecified region, the most peaceful one imaginable out of all regions&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To express the idea of &quot;something being the case even in the most extreme circumstances&quot;, in English you usually use the construction &quot;the most + peaceful(singular) + of + regions(plural)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I wonder how you idiomatically say this in Russian. Should both &quot;мирном&quot; and &quot;краю&quot; be in the singular? Or is it more common to use some other &lt;em&gt;singular-plural&lt;/em&gt; combination?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Даже в самом &lt;strong&gt;мирном&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;краю&lt;/strong&gt; ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-06-08T10:52:07.050" LastActivityDate="2018-06-09T04:34:35.470" Title="Russian equivalent of the superlative expression “even in the most peaceful of regions&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16537" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16539" CreationDate="2018-06-08T04:08:53.757" Score="3" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Делать что-то – &lt;strong&gt;дело хорошее, но&lt;/strong&gt; бывает, что ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To express the idea of &amp;quot;it's all very well doing A, but sometimes it's best to do B&amp;quot;, I wonder if the phrasing above sounds idiomatic enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, we commonly say something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;strong&gt;all very well&lt;/strong&gt; doing A, but shouldn't we do B first?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{or}: It's &lt;strong&gt;all well and good/dandy&lt;/strong&gt; to do ..., but ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do Russian speakers commonly express this idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T14:13:52.913" Title="Russian equivalent of the idiomatic expression “It's all very well doing …”" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16536" CreationDate="2018-06-08T05:59:34.107" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your rendering is correct. Plural can also be used&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Даже в самом мирном &lt;strong&gt;из &lt;sup&gt;out of&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (всех) краёв...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;constructed virtually identical to the English  &lt;code&gt;most peaceful [out] of [all] regions&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This form is less common than the first one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T05:59:34.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16537" CreationDate="2018-06-08T06:12:22.877" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your rendering is OK. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd only take issue with closely placed cognates &lt;code&gt;делать ... дело хорошее&lt;/code&gt;. In Russian stacking up cognates is considered poor style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe a more idiomatic example could look like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Смотреть фильмы - это/оно конечно хорошо/чудесно/замечательно, но может (быть) сначала нужно/стоит сделать уроки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase &lt;code&gt;дело хорошее&lt;/code&gt; to my taste sounds better next to a lone noun (noun phrase) or an infinitive&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Футбол - дело хорошее, но...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Жениться - дело хорошее, но...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-08T14:13:52.913" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T14:13:52.913" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16540" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16541" CreationDate="2018-06-08T11:58:09.050" Score="0" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need to recognize the first name and last name of a Russian man &lt;code&gt;SEIDOV CHARY&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is first, which is last?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10639" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T12:06:50.620" Title="Need to recognize first name and last name" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16540" CreationDate="2018-06-08T12:06:50.620" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SEIDOV&lt;/strong&gt; looks like a surname due to the &lt;code&gt;-OV&lt;/code&gt; ending &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CHARY&lt;/strong&gt;  must then be the personal name&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However neither of them sound ethnically Russian. Could belong to an Azeri or a person from one of the Central Asian states.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T12:06:50.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16542" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16543" CreationDate="2018-06-08T18:30:42.050" Score="6" ViewCount="264" Body="&lt;p&gt;А есть на это&lt;strike&gt;й&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;strong&gt;м&lt;/strong&gt; плакате несколько слов,  незнакомые мне, и которых не найдётся &lt;strike&gt;б&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; словарях.&#xA;Суть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;в чдачах и в нечдачах&#xA;(разве это просто опечатка? имелось слово &quot;удачах&quot; ввиду?)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;чничтожим&#xA;(разве это точно таже опечатка?)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;также слово &quot;нащего&quot; написано чуть по-другому. Как мне кажется, обычно через букву Ш пишется а здесь, через Щ.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sm2Ql.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sm2Ql.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-13T06:38:10.960" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T06:38:10.960" Title="в чдачах и в нечдачах" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16542" CreationDate="2018-06-08T18:41:29.087" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Конечно это ошибки. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и БОРЮЩИХС&lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt; (со &lt;a href=&quot;https://blog.accent-center.ru/2016/04/26/%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%BC%D0%BE/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;старомосковским&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=WEcyDAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT33&amp;amp;lpg=PT33&amp;amp;dq=%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5+%D0%A1%D0%90+%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%AF&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=zxDWbE764h&amp;amp;sig=yTgFsL5fjdvXP0RKY1S1iVykxms&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwiawOWt3cTbAhVDFywKHbbUA2AQ6AEIQjAD#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%20%D0%A1%D0%90%20%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%20%D0%A1%D0%AF&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;акцентом&lt;/a&gt;) впридачу, в сильно двусмысленной фразе &lt;code&gt;борющихся с ними&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Покольку плакат, насколько можно судить по тексту, выпущен в Британии, орфографические ошибки вызваны, очевидно, плохим знакомством с русским алфавитом и, видимо языком тоже, и потому неумением различать похожие по начертанию буквы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Во избежание двусмысленности выражение &lt;code&gt;борющихся с ними&lt;/code&gt; следовало бы перефразировать, например, как &lt;code&gt;борющихся ВМЕСТЕ с ними&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;борющихся с ними ПЛЕЧОМ К ПЛЕЧУ&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-09T08:23:14.357" LastActivityDate="2018-06-09T08:23:14.357" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9502" CreationDate="2018-06-08T19:42:21.053" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Years are a gift from God, thats why we use dativ and say „how many [of the]years [have been given] to you?“&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10642" LastActivityDate="2018-06-08T19:42:21.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16536" CreationDate="2018-06-09T04:28:03.883" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use both plural; &quot;&lt;em&gt;(даже) в самом мирном из краёв&lt;/em&gt;&quot;; and singular: &quot;&lt;em&gt;(и) в самом мирном краю&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, only the form with plural &lt;strong&gt;might&lt;/strong&gt; be bit more loaded &lt;strong&gt;emotionally&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like, with singular you're telling that something (bad) might happen (even in the most peaceful... etc.). And you'd rather use plural to exclaim: &quot;(to think that) something like this should happen! (in the most peaceful... etc.)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastEditorUserId="10578" LastEditDate="2018-06-09T04:34:35.470" LastActivityDate="2018-06-09T04:34:35.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16546" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-10T08:18:10.160" Score="3" ViewCount="165" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a quote from Anna Karenina:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как это будет ему доказано, он не знал, но знал, что это, несомненно, логически будет ему доказано, и он ждал этого доказательства&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to know: why is &lt;code&gt;этого&lt;/code&gt; in genitive case, singular form, and &lt;code&gt;доказательства&lt;/code&gt; in accusative case, plural form? Shouldn't they agree in number?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5692" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-06-10T10:20:16.223" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T14:34:42.783" Title="Should words agree in case and number?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16547" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16548" CreationDate="2018-06-10T09:07:17.563" Score="2" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты &lt;strong&gt;не торопилась&lt;/strong&gt; (+ infinitive ...)!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There were a couple of occasions where I wanted to say this to my girlfriend who has a habit of spending hours on end doing shopping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the only phrasing I could come up with with my currently rather limited vocabulary, but I wonder if it doesn't somewhat fall short of the meaning conveyed by the English expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do Russian speakers commonly express this idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T09:44:59.893" Title="Russian equivalent of &quot;You took your (own) sweet time (doing ...)&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16547" CreationDate="2018-06-10T10:16:41.043" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First thing comes to mind: &quot;Тебя только за смертью посылать&quot; -- &quot;you're the (good) one to go fetch (our) death&quot;. But that's rather strong expression, although it might be used jokingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are lots of &quot;real&quot; folklore expressions, too, but I doubt they get much use these days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: And if you aren't looking for a &quot;real&quot; idiom, these ones might work: &quot;пять минут опозданием не считаются&quot; (five minutes late doesn't count as late -- just ironic); &quot;пять минут ждём и уходим&quot; (we wait five minutes more, then leave -- students' joke, when the professor is late to the auditorium).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &quot;(он/она) не опаздывает, а задерживается!&quot; -- ironic &quot;clarification&quot;, referring to a supposed &quot;chief person&quot;, meaning &quot;you can't say he/she is late, he/she is really (just) delayed&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastEditorUserId="10578" LastEditDate="2018-06-11T04:27:10.440" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T04:27:10.440" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16547" CreationDate="2018-06-10T10:31:53.693" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian the phrase would sound more complete with qualifiers such as &lt;code&gt;не слишком/не больно/не особо/не особенно&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;s=take+sweet+time&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;example from a dictionary&lt;/a&gt;) and more idiomatic with &lt;em&gt;adverbial participle&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;infinitive&lt;/em&gt;, for example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты не особо спешила/торопилась, перебирая платья&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but it lacks the connotation of indulgence, and i'm not sure it in itself is still idiomatic enough, it still sounds kind of awkward, let alone the fact  that &lt;em&gt;adverbial participles&lt;/em&gt; are a rare bird in colloquial language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What could fit the bill is the phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На шоппинг ты времени явно/уж точно/совсем не пожалела - You really &lt;code&gt;didn't spare/ took all / haven't been frugal with&lt;/code&gt; your time &lt;code&gt;doing/on&lt;/code&gt; shopping&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's an ad-hoc variant with a connotation of rebuke, rather a translation than a stable construction in Russian, but idiomatic and has a potential for pattern derivation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-11T09:44:59.893" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T09:44:59.893" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16542" CreationDate="2018-06-10T14:10:59.537" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ошибки.  Автор плаката отвратительно знает русский язык.  К тому, что написал Баян Купи-ка, добавлю, что пропущены все знаки препинания, а &quot;Советский Союз&quot; надо писать с заглавных букв, и предложения тоже надо начинать с заглавной буквы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Должно быть:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет геройским воинам Советского Союза от британских союзников,&#xA;  борющихся вместе с ними!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы всегда с вами в удачах и неудачах. Вместе добьем, разгромим,&#xA;  уничтожим нашего врага!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: я заметил, что буква г везде написана как латинская буква r. Bозможно, у художника просто не было трафаретов некоторых русских букв. Он заменил их похожими по очертаниям.  Кроме того, возможно, что это вообще нe аутентичный плакат, а, например, фрагмент кадра из фильма.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2018-06-10T21:43:20.077" LastActivityDate="2018-06-10T21:43:20.077" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16551" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16552" CreationDate="2018-06-10T18:51:18.440" Score="1" ViewCount="65" Body="&lt;p&gt;Некоторые слова (здесь &quot;слово&quot; употребляется в значении &quot;осмысленный набор букв&quot;) могут иметь несколько начальных форм. Например, слово &quot;села&quot; может иметь форму &quot;сесть&quot; (она села), а может иметь форму &quot;село&quot; (они выехали из села). Аналогично для слова &quot;три&quot;: это слово может быть числительным (&quot;3&quot;), а может быть глаголом (&quot;тереть&quot;). Однако, это единственные подобные слова, которые я смог найти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос: как много таких слов? Это единичные случаи, или таких слов десятки, сотни, или тысячи?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10367" LastActivityDate="2018-06-10T19:09:43.653" Title="Какие слова могут иметь несколько начальных форм?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16551" CreationDate="2018-06-10T19:09:43.653" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вы имеете в виду &lt;a href=&quot;https://russkiiyazyk.ru/leksika/chto-takoe-omoformyi.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;омоформы&lt;/a&gt;, если я правильно понял. Навскидку: пила (гл. пить; сущ. пила); дела (гл. девать; сущ. дело); дуло (гл. дуть; сущ. дуло);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Существуют словари омонимов, по которым, думаю, можно подсчитать число таких слов в языке. Например homonyms.ru, который включает также омофоны, омографы и омоформы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В предисловии к нему сказано&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Подобных слов с одинаковым написанием и разным значением в русском&#xA;  языке довольно много&lt;/strong&gt;, что становится главной проблемой для их усвоения&#xA;  и запоминания. Словарь омонимов поможет учащимся найти и использовать&#xA;  слова омонимы в любой момент, достаточно иметь под рукой гаджет с&#xA;  доступом в интернет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-06-10T19:09:43.653" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16547" CreationDate="2018-06-11T01:10:52.843" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ты [делала что-либо] целую вечность!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Тебя не дождёшься!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я заждался!&quot; (this shifts focus from her to yourself, but it's not that illogical - after all, it's all about &lt;em&gt;your&lt;/em&gt; perception of the time she spent, she may think that &quot;да только на минуту, одним глазком заглянула!&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T01:10:52.843" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16556" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-11T07:00:09.390" Score="2" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q1) Извини, что пришлось тащить тебя с собой, не &lt;strong&gt;дав&lt;/strong&gt; даже &lt;strong&gt;отдохнуть&lt;/strong&gt; как следует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To express the idea of &quot;letting/allowing &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;you&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (to) do something&quot;, you usually put an accusative pronoun. So I wonder why it is missing here. Is it because the preceding clause already has &quot;тебя&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q2) Извини, что &lt;strong&gt;пришлось&lt;/strong&gt; тащить тебя с &lt;strong&gt;собой&lt;/strong&gt;, не дав даже отдохнуть как следует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have no qualms about the verb &quot;прийтись&quot; per se not always being accompanied by a dative pronoun. You can easily assume that &quot;(мне) пришлось&quot; is omitted here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But given the presence of the reflexive pronoun &quot;собой = мной&quot;, I wonder if it isn't necessary to place some &lt;em&gt;subject marker&lt;/em&gt; -- in this instance: &quot;мне&quot; -- before the &quot;собой&quot; in order to make perfectly clear to whom the reflexive &quot;собой&quot; refers? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-06-11T07:07:20.790" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T12:38:10.267" Title="Are dative and accusative pronouns usually omitted in the following?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16556" CreationDate="2018-06-11T12:38:10.267" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So I wonder why it is missing here. Is it because the preceding clause already has &quot;тебя&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, using &lt;em&gt;тебя&lt;/em&gt; in the preceding clause made the implied pronoun obvious from the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case the context is made clear by the previous usage of the pronoun, but it does not have to be this way. You can say &lt;em&gt;дайте, пожалуйста, пройти&lt;/em&gt; without using &lt;em&gt;мне&lt;/em&gt;, and the meaning is still clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I wonder if it isn't necessary to place some subject marker -- in this instance: &quot;мне&quot; -- before the &quot;собой&quot; in order to make perfectly clear to whom the reflexive &quot;собой&quot; refers?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reflexive pronoun &lt;em&gt;себя&lt;/em&gt; always refers to the last agent in the clause, which is the implied &lt;em&gt;мне&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;нам&lt;/em&gt; (note that &lt;em&gt;мне&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;нам&lt;/em&gt; are grammatical objects but semantic agents here).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first person is implied by semantics of the sentence (the usage of &lt;em&gt;извини&lt;/em&gt; and the meaining of &lt;em&gt;тащить с собой&lt;/em&gt; rule out second and third persons). The number is unclear, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in context, other persons can be implied as well in similar constructs. For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Пришлось нести всё это к себе&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;requires context to understand, and depending on the context, it could mean&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;I had to bring this all to my place&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;You had to bring this all to your place&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;He had to bring this all to his place&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc., but one thing stays the same: the one who had to bring all this was the owner of the place where they brought it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-06-11T12:38:10.267" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16558" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-12T08:44:15.233" Score="2" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если никто им не даст отпор, &lt;strong&gt;таких, как я, будет все больше и больше&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In parsing this part, I'm not sure:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;what is the (singular) subject of this main clause. Is it &amp;quot;больше и больше&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;why &amp;quot;таких&amp;quot; is in the genitive. Is it because &amp;quot;больше и больше + (genitive)&amp;quot; works just like &amp;quot;много  + (genitive)&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;what is the function of &amp;quot;таких&amp;quot;. Is it an animate substantive with the meaning of &amp;quot;such people&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if &amp;quot;все&amp;quot; serves as an adverb with the meaning of &amp;quot;always&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To facilitate understanding, can I interpret the construction as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;все больше и больше {(+genitive) таких} будет {(as a predicate) как я}.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;== &amp;quot;(always) more and more (of) people will be/become/end up like me.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or more naturally:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;== &amp;quot;If no one opposes them, more and more people will go through {such things that //} what I have gone through.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T04:10:01.833" Title="How to parse the expression &quot;таких, как я, будет все больше и больше&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16558" CreationDate="2018-06-12T10:26:28.937" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;what is the (singular) subject of this main clause. Is it &quot;больше и больше&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's the same third person singular like &lt;code&gt;идёт дождь&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;у меня новая машина&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;why &quot;таких&quot; is in the genitive. Is it because &quot;больше и больше + (genitive)&quot; works just like &quot;много + (genitive)&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's right&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;what is the function of &quot;таких&quot;. Is it an animate substantive with the meaning of &quot;such people&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's right, &lt;code&gt;больше чего&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;more &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; what&quot; so it's genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;if &quot;все&quot; serves as an adverb with the meaning of &quot;always&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure about that, best wait for a native&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastActivityDate="2018-06-12T10:26:28.937" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16558" CreationDate="2018-06-12T11:52:19.530" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let’s compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Будет много фруктов. — There will be lots of fruit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Будет больше фруктов. — There will be more fruit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Будет всё больше и больше фруктов. — The amount of fruit will be constantly increasing day after day. (“больше и больше” is quite similar to “more and more” and can be used without “всё”, which just adds a bit of emphasis on the trend)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Будет всё больше и больше таких фруктов, как в Турции. — There will be more and more fruit of the kind they have in Turkey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Будет всё больше и больше таких [людей], как я. — There will be more and more people like me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your final translation is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-06-12T11:52:19.530" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16562" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16542" CreationDate="2018-06-12T12:05:11.250" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Насчет &lt;em&gt;ЧДАЧАХ&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;НЕЧДАЧАХ&lt;/em&gt; - в старых печатных машинках СССР буквы &lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;Ч&lt;/strong&gt; обозначались одним символом &lt;strong&gt;Ч&lt;/strong&gt;. Вероятно, автор плаката использовал начертание символов с клавиатуры.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10652" LastActivityDate="2018-06-12T12:05:11.250" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16563" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-12T14:06:36.133" Score="4" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;у нас туго с &lt;strong&gt;деньга́ми&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The descriptions on Wiki have me puzzled, as it seems the &quot;деньга́ми&quot; can be the plural instrumental of either the &lt;em&gt;plural-only&lt;/em&gt; noun &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;де́ньги&lt;/a&gt;&quot; or the colloquial singular noun &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B0#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;деньга́&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may ultimately amount to the same thing, but I wonder from which the instrumental &quot;деньга́ми&quot; in this expression stems?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-06-19T21:21:16.363" Title="&quot;у нас туго с деньга́ми&quot;: Does this instrumental &quot;деньга́ми&quot; stem from &quot;де́ньги&quot; or &quot;деньга́&quot;?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16563" CreationDate="2018-06-12T15:39:02.817" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;деньга́&quot; is ancient and rare, although it might be used as a colloquial or a joke.&#xA;In this (seemingly ordinary) case the word &quot;де́ньги&quot; was the original form, no doubt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-12T15:39:02.817" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16563" CreationDate="2018-06-12T15:45:44.887" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It normally means 'we're short of money' but you could say the same to mean 'we're short of coins' if you are a numismatist. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-06-12T15:45:44.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16566" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16567" CreationDate="2018-06-12T17:25:09.393" Score="1" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a phrase &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;посадк&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; на Луну предшествовали трениров&lt;strike&gt;а&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;чные полеты&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ending &lt;strong&gt;-у&lt;/strong&gt; of the word &quot;посадка&quot; does not sound right for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the proper ending to use in such case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10655" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-13T06:37:07.460" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T06:37:07.460" Title="What should be the proper word ending of the word &quot;посадка&quot;" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;окончания&gt;&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;&lt;inflection&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16566" CreationDate="2018-06-12T17:32:40.413" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Corrected: &quot;посадк&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; на Луну предшествовали трениров&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;чные полеты&quot;.&#xA;Dative case used: &quot;&lt;em&gt;to which&lt;/em&gt; [Moon landing] something [training flights] was something [forerunner]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-12T17:32:40.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16566" CreationDate="2018-06-12T19:25:57.890" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Accusative is governed by another verb, synonymous to &lt;strong&gt;предшествовать&lt;/strong&gt;, namely &lt;strong&gt;предварять&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;посадк&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; на Луну &lt;strong&gt;предваряли&lt;/strong&gt; тренировoчные полеты&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Semantically they're not completely identical, but still can be used as substitutes of each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-06-12T19:25:57.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16569" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16570" CreationDate="2018-06-13T00:20:20.030" Score="1" ViewCount="93" Body="&lt;p&gt;Такой юной девочке ни к чему подобный «маскарадный» вариант макияжа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I translate it? It doesn't make sense to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To such a young girl... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10593" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T07:39:38.133" Title="What does this mean? dative and prepositional cases and ни" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16569" CreationDate="2018-06-13T02:48:15.313" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ни к чему&quot; is an idiom, it literally means &quot;completely useless&quot;, &quot;inapplicable&quot;, etc. It is often used as &quot;inappropriate&quot;, which is your case exactly: &quot;Such thick makeup is completely inappropriate for such a young girl.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD. The commenters raised a good point: &quot;completely useless&quot; here means &quot;completely useless [for you]/[in this situation]&quot;. It doesn't mean the object in question is fundamentally useless. Maybe simple &quot;does not need&quot; is a better translation, e. g. &quot;Such a young girl does not need such thick makeup.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastEditorUserId="9118" LastEditDate="2018-06-13T07:39:38.133" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T07:39:38.133" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16558" CreationDate="2018-06-13T04:10:01.833" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just complementing the answers @Wilson and @Roman Odaisky gave. &quot;Всё&quot; if used with an adverb serves as the mean of amplification or continuity. Doesn't really change the meaning of the adverb itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, however, &quot;всё&quot; is used redundantly (maybe emotionally): &quot;больше и больше&quot; -- &quot;more and more [from day to day, minute to minute, etc.] &quot;; &#xA;&quot;всё больше и больше&quot; -- &quot;more and more [from day to day, minute to minute, etc.]&quot; (in this context!).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively: &quot;будет больше&quot; -- &quot;(there) will be more&quot;; &quot;будет всё больше&quot; -- &quot;(there) will be more [from day to day, ...]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T04:10:01.833" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16572" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-13T04:11:38.507" Score="4" ViewCount="131" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Согласитесь&lt;/strong&gt;, впечатляет: у ребенка, как я, свой бизнес!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is what a kid said. Given the exclamation mark, it's tempting to regard it as the imperative form:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;(You &lt;strong&gt;must&lt;/strong&gt;) Agree(&lt;strong&gt;!&lt;/strong&gt;) that it's impressive: a kid like me running his own business!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another interpretation -- the future tense -- seems possible as well, supposing that a question mark is hidden behind the colon:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;You &lt;strong&gt;will&lt;/strong&gt; agree that it's impressive, (&lt;strong&gt;right?&lt;/strong&gt;): a kid like me running his own business!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then again, in English, the future tense &quot;will&quot; can be used like the imperative to give an order. As such, even if this &quot;согласитесь&quot; is the future tense, it may still be considered to be close in meaning to the imperative &quot;согласитесь&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;{in an imperative tone} &quot;You &lt;strong&gt;will&lt;/strong&gt; agree that it's impressive: a kid like me running his own business!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-06-13T08:40:27.073" LastActivityDate="2018-06-14T12:09:06.527" Title="Is this &quot;согласитесь&quot; the Future or the Imperative?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16572" CreationDate="2018-06-13T09:27:24.073" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's the (&quot;clear&quot;) imperative form use case. The (tending to) future tense use would include some introducing words, e.g.: &quot;Думаю, вы согласитесь, что...&quot; (I think/believe you'll agree that...); &quot;Ведь вы согласитесь, что...&quot; (You'll surely agree that...).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T09:27:24.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16574" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16577" CreationDate="2018-06-13T11:05:35.720" Score="5" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Моя бабушка умерла в 1959 году, не дожив до ста лет &lt;strong&gt;всего лишь трёх месяцев.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understood the meaning of this sentence. &quot;My grandmother (...) lived three months short of 100&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I don't get the syntax in this sentence. What's the meaning of the genitive &lt;em&gt;трёх месяцев&lt;/em&gt; here? Does it imply &quot;for a matter of three months&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-13T15:32:02.190" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T16:38:52.470" Title="&quot;Short of&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;&lt;синтаксис&gt;&lt;abessive-case&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16575" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16572" CreationDate="2018-06-13T12:02:41.363" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Согласитесь, впечатляет: у ребенка, как я, свой бизнес! (Правда,впечатляет--замена)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an introductory word.&#xA;There's a group of &lt;strong&gt;introductory words&lt;/strong&gt; which express an appeal to the interlocutor (Розенталь, § 99)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;gt;видишь (ли), видите (ли), понимаешь (ли), понимаете (ли), знаешь (ли), знаете (ли), пойми, поймите, поверьте, послушайте, согласитесь, согласись, вообразите, представьте себе, извините, простите, веришь (ли), верите (ли), пожалуйста&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You shouldn't mix them with the similar grammatical forms of the imperative and the future, or present forms.(Here you cannot substitute another word at all)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How to distinguish :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can change them with other introductory words, you cannot ask questions from other words in the sentence, you can leave them out, they are put in commas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я думаю, вы согласитесь поработать с нами.(future)&#xA;  Согласись со мной поехать, ну, пожалуйста.(imperative ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-06-13T17:05:32.187" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T17:05:32.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16574" CreationDate="2018-06-13T12:03:22.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literally this means: &quot;My grandma died in 1959, not having reached the age [не дожив] of 100 [до 100 лет] by just [всего лишь] three months [трёх месяцев]&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the genitive you're asking about relates to the &quot;не дожив [сколько?; кого? чего?]&quot;, which in its turn implies a relation with the qualification &quot;до чего, до какого? (события, времени, срока)&quot; -- &quot;to what, to which? (event, time duration, moment in time)&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare: &quot;не доделав [чего?] насколько?&quot; -- &quot;not having completed [what?] by what measure?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T12:03:22.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16574" CreationDate="2018-06-13T15:31:36.693" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The use of Genitive (which is rather &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abessive_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Abessive&lt;/a&gt;) is linked to the negation of the verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The quoted phrase does sound idiomatic (as Abessive case does in Russian), but it would still sound right if instead of Abessive &lt;em&gt;Accusative&lt;/em&gt; was employed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...умерла в 1959 году, не дожив до ста лет всего лишь тр&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  месяц&lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-13T15:38:07.107" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T15:38:07.107" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16574" CreationDate="2018-06-13T16:38:52.470" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The genitive is because of &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я видел ваш чемодан&lt;/code&gt; but &lt;code&gt;Не видел я вашего чемодана!&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;Не видел я ваш чемодан!&lt;/code&gt; is also correct.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Она прожила семь лет&lt;/code&gt; but &lt;code&gt;она не прожила и семи лет&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Она не дожила трёх месяцев до ста лет.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T16:38:52.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16579" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16572" CreationDate="2018-06-13T19:00:16.537" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To determine the correct interpretation, we should check what happens when the verb is in singular.  Is it &lt;code&gt;согласись&lt;/code&gt; (imperative) or &lt;code&gt;согласишься&lt;/code&gt; (future tense) ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The search for &lt;code&gt;согласись&lt;/code&gt; in ruscorpora finds hunderds of such usages:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Но вообще… согласись, ведь на самом деле всё так и есть!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Согласись Сергей ― это история Выксы!! (comma is missing after &lt;code&gt;согласись&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Согласись, что эти в зале Академии выглядели примерно таким же образом, несмотря на дорогой прикид.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;...ведь был прав, согласись.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Но согласись, что мелодические линии этих оперных сцен не свойственны вагнеровскому мышлению. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Согласись, после неудачи в Портофино группе было не до возлюбленной Кенаря...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The search for &lt;code&gt;согласишься&lt;/code&gt; does not find such cases. In rare cases when &lt;code&gt;согласишься&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;you will agree with what I am saying&quot;, &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt; is always present, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но ведь ты согласишься, любезный читатель, не правда ли, что между любовью и предательством существует определенная иерархия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;согласитесь&lt;/code&gt; in such sentences should be interpreted as an imperative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-06-13T19:00:16.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16580" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16581" CreationDate="2018-06-14T00:22:54.783" Score="3" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;did i use осознанный correctly here? I want a correct example to put in anki. I intended the sentence to be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem that is known by you should be finished by you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Проблема, осознанная тобой тебе нужно закончить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10593" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-15T09:23:38.287" Title="use of passive past participle" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16581" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16580" CreationDate="2018-06-14T04:59:41.220" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You'd better use ruscorpora.ru for such purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides the well-known &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Свобода – это &lt;strong&gt;осознанная необходимость&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;there are a lot of other examples &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Первая &lt;strong&gt;осознанная улыбка&lt;/strong&gt; сына досталась отцу.&#xA;  Это первая &lt;strong&gt;осознанная попытка&lt;/strong&gt; найти выход их тупика. Это не размышления, а &lt;strong&gt;осознанная позиция&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also use dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Vivien had made a conscious effort to be friendly.&#xA;  Вивьен сделала &lt;strong&gt;осознанную попытку&lt;/strong&gt; проявить дружелюбие.  ☰&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;She made a conscious decision to leave the painting unfinished.&#xA;  Она приняла &lt;strong&gt;осознанное решение&lt;/strong&gt; оставить картину незаконченной.  ☰&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I read about the various options so that I could make an informed choice.&#xA;  Я читал о различных вариантах, поэтому мог сделать &lt;strong&gt;осознанный выбор&lt;/strong&gt;.  ☰&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He took a calculated risk and got in on the ground floor of the new enterprise.&#xA;  Он пошёл на &lt;strong&gt;осознанный риск&lt;/strong&gt; и пробрался на первый этаж нового предприятия.  ☰&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Good information is essential if people are to make informed choices about services.&#xA;  Чтобы люди могли сделать &lt;strong&gt;осознанный выбор&lt;/strong&gt; в отношении услуг, необходима достоверная информация.  ☰&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your example isn't quite correct &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Проблему,осознанную тобой, необходимо решить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-06-14T04:59:41.220" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16572" CreationDate="2018-06-14T12:09:06.527" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically, it is in the &lt;em&gt;Imperative&lt;/em&gt; (despite the coincidence with the Future form) and the word literally invites to '&lt;em&gt;agree&lt;/em&gt;' with the following statement. However, it is closer to something like '&lt;strong&gt;Look, it's impressive..&lt;/strong&gt;.' '&lt;strong&gt;You know, it's impressive...&lt;/strong&gt;' and is a bit more formal than &lt;strong&gt;Hey, it's impressive!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-06-14T12:09:06.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16583" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-14T14:35:07.897" Score="3" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;От меня так просто не &lt;strong&gt;скрыться&lt;/strong&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder why you can omit the second-person singular/plural &quot;сможешь/сможете&quot; and just use the infinitive &quot;скрыться&quot; here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;{vs}: От меня так просто не &lt;strong&gt;сможешь/сможете&lt;/strong&gt; скрыться!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-14T14:56:10.030" LastActivityDate="2018-06-15T04:17:05.410" Title="Why does &quot;скрыться&quot; take the infinitive form in &quot;От меня так просто не скрыться!&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;infinitive-sentence&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16584" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16586" CreationDate="2018-06-14T14:50:45.537" Score="4" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) &lt;strong&gt;Последним его словом&lt;/strong&gt; было мое имя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Мое имя было &lt;strong&gt;последним его словом&lt;/strong&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) &lt;strong&gt;Моим именем&lt;/strong&gt; было последнее его слово.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4) Последнее его слово было &lt;strong&gt;моим именем&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm assuming you can phrase this sentence in at least four different ways, but  how do they compare in terms of nuance and emphasis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, I wonder if the different positions of &quot;его&quot; affect the meaning of the sentence at all: &quot;последним его словом&quot; vs &quot;его последним словом&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-06-14T16:15:56.627" LastActivityDate="2018-06-15T04:13:21.830" Title="Nuaces of meaning, depending on which part is in the instrumental case in &quot;Последним его словом было мое имя&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16585" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16583" CreationDate="2018-06-14T14:55:03.753" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is called either &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC#214&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;an independent infinitive construction&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (конструкция с независимым инфинитивом) or &lt;a href=&quot;https://moluch.ru/archive/69/11950/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;an infinitive sentence&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (инфинитивное предложение)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The nuts and bolts have been explained, hopefully satisfactorily, at &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/16429/%D0%9D%D0%B5-%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F-as-an-idiom&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не справиться as an idiom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Инфинитивные предложения с отрицательной частицей &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; выражают&#xA;  такие отрицательные модальные значения как: а) невозможность,&#xA;  b) невыполнимость, c) ненужность и d) запрещение совершения действия. В&#xA;  школьной грамматике отдельное выделение инфинитивных предложений&#xA;  отсутствует, они считаются одним из видов безличных. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;По словам Д. Э. Розенталя &lt;em&gt;«Инфинитивными предложениями&lt;/em&gt; называются&#xA;  односоставные предложения, в которых главный член выражен &lt;em&gt;независимым&#xA;  инфинитивом&lt;/em&gt;» [11, с. 79]. Он считает, что инфинитивные предложения –&#xA;  это особая разновидность односоставных предложений. &lt;strong&gt;Обязательный&#xA;  компонент в структуре русских инфинитивных предложений – это&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;независимый инфинитив&lt;/em&gt;, для которого структурно-обязательным является дательный субъект, т. е. форма дательного падежа со значением&#xA;  субъекта действия&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Барари Р., Мадаэни А. А. Инфинитивные предложения с отрицательным значением в русском языке и способы их выражения в персидском // Молодой ученый. — 2014. — №10. — С. 522-527&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;значение невозможности требует совершенного вида глагола&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Исключения –&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;не видать&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;не жить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Употребление несовершенного вида облегчается также в контексте &lt;em&gt;больше не&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;После&#xA;  такой операции &lt;code&gt;не летать вам больше&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-14T15:07:54.513" LastActivityDate="2018-06-14T15:07:54.513" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16584" CreationDate="2018-06-14T16:12:17.000" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Последним его словом было мое имя.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sounds neutral: &quot;His last word was my name.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Мое имя было последним его словом.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This might give the impression that your name killed him. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Моим именем было последнее его слово.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a sort of Yoda-speak: &quot;My name his last word was&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Последнее его слово было моим именем.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sounds OK. Almost as good as No.1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-06-14T16:12:17.000" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16584" CreationDate="2018-06-14T17:22:46.457" Score="5" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1) Последним его словом было мое имя.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Emphasis on &lt;code&gt;мое имя&lt;/code&gt;. (&quot;Последним его словом было мое имя, а не что-то другое&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;2) Мое имя было последним его словом .&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Emphasis on &lt;code&gt;последним его словом&lt;/code&gt;, especially on &lt;code&gt;последним&lt;/code&gt;. (&quot;Мое имя было последним его словом, а не первым или, например, третьим с конца.&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;3) Моим именем было последнее его слово.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is hard to comprehend. It sounds for me like a gothic litherary style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;4) Последнее его слово было моим именем.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like 1. Also, it sounds a bit like there is a queer coincidence between his last word and the narrator's name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-06-14T17:22:46.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16584" CreationDate="2018-06-15T04:13:21.830" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nos. 1 and 4 are plain, narrative variants, slightly emphasising &quot;his last word&quot; meaning and differing in grammar only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. 2 changes emphasis to &quot;my name&quot;, stays in the narrative style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. 3 reorders the words and because of this the phrase gets &quot;dramatic&quot;. Emphasis may be put either on &quot;his last word&quot; or on &quot;my name&quot; by intonation, when spoken/read, or by typographic means, when written/printed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-15T04:13:21.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16583" CreationDate="2018-06-15T04:17:05.410" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 1st phrase emphasises impersonality slightly, implying noone can get away from &quot;me&quot;: &quot;It's not so easy [for anyone] to get away from me&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2nd one requires pronoun or noun, and so gets somewhat specific in meaning: &quot;YOU won't (be able to) get away from me so easily&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-15T04:17:05.410" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16580" CreationDate="2018-06-15T09:23:38.287" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Typically, it's not natural to use that participle with &lt;em&gt;dependent words&lt;/em&gt;. Its usage is closer to that of an &lt;em&gt;adjective&lt;/em&gt;, as the examples in another answer clearly show. So just a grammatical correction wouldn't give a good Russian sentence. However, it is possible to imagine a rare situation (in a dialogue) where it might sound natural enough, considering emphasis on pronouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(- Проблему какую-то, говоришь, осознал!?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Осознанную &lt;strong&gt;тобой&lt;/strong&gt; проблему &lt;strong&gt;тебе же&lt;/strong&gt; и решать!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(It's up to you to solve the problem you feel!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-15T09:23:38.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16591" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16597" CreationDate="2018-06-15T15:02:34.390" Score="3" ViewCount="316" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Latin, Венера is Venus. A similar word &quot;corpus&quot; is translated as &quot;корпус&quot;, not as &quot;корпора&quot; (or &quot;корпор&quot; if we take its gender into account). Why is then Venus not Венус?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2251" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-06-16T23:17:34.880" LastActivityDate="2018-06-16T23:17:34.880" Title="Почему &quot;Венера&quot;, а не 'Венус&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16591" CreationDate="2018-06-15T15:36:59.160" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern Italian she is Venere, in Latin one of the forms were Venĕris according to Italian Wikipedia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Serbian and Bulgarian she is Венера. Looks like it's nothing very special about Russian. You should search for this fork earlier than Russian loan.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2018-06-15T15:36:59.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16593" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-15T20:41:26.217" Score="3" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt; это отличается от того, что делаю я?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{vs}: А &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; это отличается от того, что делаю я?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although I'm aware that &amp;quot;чем&amp;quot; is the right word to use to express the idea of &amp;quot;How is it different from ...?&amp;quot;, I can't quite put my finger on why &amp;quot;как&amp;quot; sounds strange here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-16T04:09:18.177" Title="The reason why &quot;как это отличается от того&quot; does not work?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16594" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-15T21:05:49.067" Score="4" ViewCount="136" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В то время был еще жив человек, который подталкивал &lt;strong&gt;меня&lt;/strong&gt; к осуществлению мечты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{Why not}: В то время был еще жив человек, который подталкивал &lt;strong&gt;себя&lt;/strong&gt; к осуществлению мечты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The speaker is reminiscing about how much more passionate of a man he used to be. I'm assuming that &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illeism&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;illeism&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; is in effect here; the omitted subject in front of &amp;quot;был&amp;quot; is not &amp;quot;я&amp;quot;, but &amp;quot;он&amp;quot; that refers to the speaker himself, practically acting as &amp;quot;я&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder why the reflexive pronoun &amp;quot;себя&amp;quot; is not used in the subordinate clause despite referring to oneself? Why suddenly drop the illeism and switch to the more personal &amp;quot;меня&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-16T05:04:54.310" Title="The reason why the reflexive pronoun &quot;себя&quot; is not used despite referring to oneself?" Tags="&lt;pronouns&gt;&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16594" CreationDate="2018-06-15T21:59:43.207" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Себя&lt;/em&gt; refers to the last (implied) agent in the clause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В то время был еще жив человек, который подталкивал &lt;strong&gt;себя&lt;/strong&gt; к осуществлению мечты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Back then the man was still alive who had been pushing &lt;strong&gt;himself&lt;/strong&gt; towards fulfilling his dreams&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The agent in the clause is the &quot;man&quot;, hence &lt;em&gt;себя&lt;/em&gt; would refer to him as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for why illeism is dropped here, I don't know. Probably the narrator meant to emphasize some kind of split personality they had, so that one side of their personality (which they don't identify with anymore, as it's &quot;dead&quot;) was pushing their current &quot;me&quot; (hence &lt;em&gt;меня&lt;/em&gt;) towards pursuing their dreams.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any explanation which would have explained replacing &quot;himself&quot; with &quot;myself&quot; in the English phrase above would work just as well for replacing &lt;em&gt;себя&lt;/em&gt; with &lt;em&gt;меня&lt;/em&gt; in the Russian phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-06-15T22:09:46.587" LastActivityDate="2018-06-15T22:09:46.587" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16594" CreationDate="2018-06-15T22:13:07.220" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, &lt;em&gt;своего&lt;/em&gt; is a possessive pronoun and doesn't fit there at all. You must be thinking of &lt;em&gt;себя&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, there is nothing omitted in front of &lt;em&gt;был&lt;/em&gt;, because the clause has a perfectly normal subject - &lt;em&gt;человек&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, if &lt;em&gt;человек&lt;/em&gt; was the author himself (that is not obvious without context, and implies an unusual way of telling a story), both &lt;em&gt;себя/меня&lt;/em&gt; could be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would explain it this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the author thinks that back then he had different personality, he will use &lt;em&gt;себя&lt;/em&gt; as if he is talking about someone else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if he wants to show that there was a &lt;em&gt;part&lt;/em&gt; of his personality (which is gone now) that helped some other part of his personality (which more or less survived) he may use &lt;em&gt;меня&lt;/em&gt;  to refer the latter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the whole manner of speaking is rather unusual, so without context I can't be sure I got the author's point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-06-15T22:13:07.220" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16591" CreationDate="2018-06-15T22:33:54.053" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imparisyllabic Latin words (meaning words having an extra syllable in genitive compared to nominative) are usually cited in their genitive form, as it's usually a more accurate representation of the word's etymology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Church Slavonic authors chose to use Latin genitive stems for all Church Slavonic forms, including the nominative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's why we have &lt;em&gt;Venus (gen. Veneris) &gt; Венера, Cicero (gen. Ciceronis) &gt; Цицерон, cliens (gen. clientis) &gt; клиент&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-06-15T22:33:54.053" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16593" CreationDate="2018-06-15T22:38:14.973" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Отличается&lt;/strong&gt; requires a noun in instrumental case when you are talking about &lt;em&gt;what&lt;/em&gt; is different. Hence &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Этот банк отличается надежностью&lt;/em&gt; - The bank is known for its sustainability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; in this context will mean you want to know to what extent one thing is different from another (&lt;em&gt;Как&lt;/em&gt; is a question to be answered with an adverb)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как отличаются эти графики?&lt;/em&gt; - How big is the difference between these curves?&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Очень сильно&lt;/em&gt; - Quite big.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-06-15T22:38:14.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16593" CreationDate="2018-06-16T04:09:18.177" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a formal semantical difference, which @AlexVB correctly pointed out -- &quot;difference in what (aspect)&quot; vs. &quot;difference by what (measure)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And there's a usage difference. I think you'll find the second variant isn't actually used (maybe that's why it sounds strange to you). If you'd want to ask &quot;by what measure this differs from that&quot;, you'd want to say, e.g., &quot;насколько (это отличается... и т.д.)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-16T04:09:18.177" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16594" CreationDate="2018-06-16T05:04:54.310" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the fact that the man he's talking about is himself is irrelevant from a grammatical point of view. He's simply saying that in the past there was a man who pushed him toward his dream. The fact that the man was actually himself doesn't matter here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-06-16T05:04:54.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16601" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-16T08:03:12.187" Score="3" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Интересно, слетит ли он &lt;strong&gt;с катушек&lt;/strong&gt; еще раз?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if this is a set expression with the meaning of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I wonder if he will &lt;strong&gt;go out of his mind&lt;/strong&gt; and fly away once again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-06-17T07:14:49.187" Title="How to use the expression &quot;с катушек&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16601" CreationDate="2018-06-16T08:40:51.660" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Слетит ли он с катушек&quot; is translated as &quot;if he will go out of his mind&quot;&#xA;So, the correct translation will be &quot;I wonder if he will go out of his mind once again&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10667" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-06-17T07:14:49.187" LastActivityDate="2018-06-17T07:14:49.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16601" CreationDate="2018-06-16T12:56:51.077" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Слететь с катушек&lt;/strong&gt; is equal to &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;go crazy /mad, to lose control, to behave inadequately&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иван совсем с катушек слетел, ругается дебоширит.  Дай бог ему здоровья и не слететь с катушек.  Можно было сразу слететь с катушек, это был удар по нервной системе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-17T05:49:38.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16604" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16605" CreationDate="2018-06-17T01:04:04.160" Score="2" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are these words interchangeable? I recently read something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;она стёрла видео с телефона&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would it sound weird if I replaced &lt;strong&gt;стёрла&lt;/strong&gt; for &lt;strong&gt;удалила&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastActivityDate="2018-06-17T04:18:19.580" Title="What's the difference between «стереть» and «удалить»?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16604" CreationDate="2018-06-17T01:11:00.080" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For deleting a file it's essentially the same. But, there are some verbal and formality differences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;стереть&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;to erase&quot;. Like that thing that remove pencil lines from the paper. It's also the less formal, colloquial one.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;удалить&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;to remove&quot;. It's more broad, more formal. It also coinsides with the medical term, you could say &lt;code&gt;удалить селезенку&lt;/code&gt; for &quot;to remove the spleen&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To add more similar words, but much less in a &quot;deleting a file&quot; context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;уничтожить&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;to destroy&quot;, you don't really use it in conjecture with files.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;убрать&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;to remove&quot;, also &quot;to pick trash&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;выбросить&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;to recycle&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;вытереть&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;to wipe&quot;, &lt;em&gt;might&lt;/em&gt; be used in the context of wiping a device, but is somewhat strange to my ear&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;отформатировать&lt;/code&gt; is a loan from &quot;to format [a drive]&quot;, has a bit of a different meaning technically.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2018-06-17T01:11:00.080" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16604" CreationDate="2018-06-17T04:18:19.580" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Удалить&quot; is the formal, standardised term for the action of removing a file from computer storage. (Not very apposite for the context, by the way, but there you are).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &quot;стереть&quot; is a synonym, coming from the times when magnetic tape was used for audio and video recording and computer storage (maybe not so familiar technology for younger folks).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the context of magnetic tape records the verb &quot;стереть&quot; was the standard. You could say then: &quot;стереть запись&quot; -- &quot;to erase the recording&quot;; &quot;стереть кассету&quot; -- &quot;to erase/blank the cassette&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-17T04:18:19.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16607" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-17T17:06:53.377" Score="3" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;Very often in russian verbs have two forms, some examples are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;делать/сделать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;встречаться/встретиться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My russian friends keep telling it is important to differentiate both but cannot explain to me what the difference actually is and when to use one or another. Any insight on the difference between both would be appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10565" LastActivityDate="2018-06-18T04:15:08.670" Title="What is the difference between the forms of verbs?" Tags="&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16607" CreationDate="2018-06-18T04:15:08.670" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference here is uncompleted vs. completed action, as expressed by the respective pairs of forms of the verbs. In a couple of words, you could compare that to the difference between continuous and perfect tenses in English. Beyond that, it's textbooks and vocabularies materiel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-18T04:15:08.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16609" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16563" CreationDate="2018-06-18T10:28:55.943" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) But &quot;the plural-only noun &quot;де́ньги&quot; technically IS the plural of &quot;the colloquial singular noun &quot;деньга́&quot;. So I guess your question here makes little sense, I can see no dichotomy here. It is plural instrumental form of the same word either way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yeah, the plural &quot;деньги&quot; gained additional generic sense that &quot;деньга&quot; arguably lacks - &quot;деньги&quot; can refer to a bank account or a BitCoin wallet, while &quot;деньга&quot; refers to physical cash, to a coin or a banknote. Still does it make them really different words? I personally do not think so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Compare with plural &quot;люди&quot; gaining the additional meaning of singular &quot;people&quot; and remaining in modern use due to that generic sense, while singular &quot;людь&quot; falling out of usage together with &quot;полюдье&quot; and other feudal-era terms.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if you consider them semantically being different words, homonyms, they still technically are merely forms of one word. So, as for me it is exactly the case of &quot;ultimately amount to the same thing&quot;. At least when the question is formulated in technical terms (from which... stems).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Now if you ask what was the specific meaning of the word &quot;деньгами&quot; in that phrase, then we can put it to the test using synonyms. Granted, this test perhaps is not easy for foreign person living outside &quot;language native environment&quot;. However, I would try to bring some examples. We try to replace the word in question with other words, that convey only or mostly one of those meanings we try to differentiate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Купюра - (here) banknote.  It does not have a meaning of &quot;money in general&quot;. So &quot;у нас туго с купюрами&quot; would refer to paper cash specifically. Does it sound idiomatic? I'd say no. It can be used in a professional environment, where a cashier or ATM maintainer may report an abnormal shortage of paper cash to one's boss. But you would next to never meet it in casual life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Банкнота - banknote. Same as above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лавэ - that is a rather vulgar semi-bandito word for &quot;money&quot; (plural деньги). &quot;У нас туго с лавэ&quot; - it sounds perfectly natural to me (with that gangsta accent, which is not always welcome, but that is another issue).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Монета - coin. This is a bit tricky. Cause in plural &quot;монеты&quot;/&quot;coins&quot; MIGHT be used colloquially to refer money-in-general, quite like plural of &quot;деньга&quot; does normally. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;My guess (unchecked) is that деньга/таньга was originally a Tartar word for coin. And if that word for coin gained an extra generic meaning in plural, then it is only natural for another word denoting coin to gave the same trait.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, back to the case, in the aforementioned professional environment &quot;у нас туго с монетами&quot; would refer specifically to lack of coins (while paper cash might be in abundance). However in general population &quot;у нас туго с монетами&quot; would be seen as a somewhat vulgar wannabe-gangsta way to say &quot;short of (in general) money&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By default, w/o context, деньги would refer to money in general and монеты to coins, the particular physical form of money. &#xA;However when pressed by the &quot;у нас туго с ...&quot; context the &quot;монеты&quot; would be normally pushed to its secondary more vague and abstract meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Рубль - rouble. Might refer to the currency (roubles vs dollars vs pounds vs ...) or to a cash of the specific value (coins or banknotes bearing value of exactly 1 rouble, not 2 or 10 or half). Here again &quot;у нас туго с рублями&quot; would normally imply that professional environment situation - or some pretentious person intentionally garbling the language for the sake of avoiding normative &quot;туго с деньгами&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наличность - cash. Singular-only. &quot;У нас туго с наличностью&quot; would imply &quot;short of pocket money&quot; kind of situation, short of money that could be handed over right this instant. Technically &quot;наличность&quot; is short for &quot;наличные деньги&quot; - &quot;cash money&quot;, however &quot;наличный&quot; in general means some resource &quot;instantly available, existing here and now&quot;. So that phrase would imply that in general there are some valuables (like bank account to draw cash from, or like expensive property to be firesold) that can be converted into the required cash, just it would be troubling and bothersome, so the doubt is conveyed whether this route to be taken or the whole &quot;deal&quot; refused.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ATM I can not come with more synonyms to check and compare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2018-06-18T10:28:55.943" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16610" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16611" CreationDate="2018-06-18T14:10:05.053" Score="3" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I was trying to figure out how to say &quot;x kilometers to the north/west/east/south of y&quot;. Which of these alternatives is better?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Углич находится на двухстах километрах к северу от Москвы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Углич находится двухстами километрами севернее Москвы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Углич находится на растоянии двухсот километров к северу от Москвы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What if I want to tell just the location in regard to the compass point, without the distance?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Углич находится к северу от Москвы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Углич находится севернее Москвы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Углич находится северной Москвы &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a textbook, I saw the following sentence: &quot;Саратов находится &lt;strong&gt;юго-западней&lt;/strong&gt; Москвы&quot;. If I understood well, &quot;юго-западней&quot; is the instrumental feminine. Why not &quot;юго-западным&quot;, since Саратов is masculine?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="8780" LastEditDate="2018-06-18T14:37:39.707" LastActivityDate="2018-06-18T20:39:20.160" Title="Relative locations with compass points" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;творительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16610" CreationDate="2018-06-18T14:24:00.663" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;For &quot;x kilometers to the north of Y&quot; all three options are fine (note that I've corrected them a bit):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;    Углич находится в двухстах километрах к северу от Москвы&#xA;    Углич находится двумястами километрами севернее Москвы&#xA;    Углич находится на растоянии двухсот километров к северу от Москвы&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is one more option:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;    Углич находится в двухстах километрах на север от Москвы&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's almost same as first one, the difference is in &quot;на север&quot; vs &quot;к северу&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For location in regard to the compass point, without the distance, first two are fine, but the last one in your example is wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;    Углич находится к северу от Москвы&#xA;    Углич находится севернее Москвы&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for sentence from textbook: &quot;Саратов находится юго-западной Москвы&quot;, I guess there is a mistake. It should be &quot;Саратов находится юго-западней Москвы&quot;. And I believe &quot;юго-западней&quot; is an adjective n comparative form here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2018-06-18T14:24:00.663" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16610" CreationDate="2018-06-18T19:29:40.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) To &quot;X kilometers to the north/west/east/south of Y&quot;..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1a) ..the (arguably) most used equivalent would be &quot;в X [in prepositive] километрах к северу/западу/востоку/югу от Y [in genitive]&quot;, or the one completely equivalent to it, &quot;на север/запад/восток/юг от Y [genitive]&quot;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1b) the variant with &quot;...на расстоянии...&quot; [X in genitive] would be more suitable to point out the correct distance, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1c) and the variant with &quot;...двумястами...&quot; [X in instrumentative] would be somewhat more expressive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) The location in regard to the compass point (in your example) should be expressed as any one of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2a) &quot;...севернее...&quot; or &quot;...северней...&quot; [Y in genitive in both cases], the 2nd form is just the 1st form with its ending contracted (&quot;-ее&quot; -&gt; &quot;-ей&quot;);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2b) &quot;...к северу от...&quot; or &quot;...на север от...&quot; [Y in genitive in both cases].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2c) There's also the &quot;... по направлению на север от... [Y in genitive]&quot; -- &quot;in the north direction off [Y...]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-18T19:29:40.187" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16610" CreationDate="2018-06-18T20:39:20.160" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Углич находится на двухстах километрах к северу от Москвы&lt;/em&gt; -&#xA;&quot;Углич находится &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; двухстах километрах к северу от Москвы&quot; This would probably be the most common colloquial use case. There may be an alternative: &quot;Углич находится на двух&lt;strong&gt;сотом&lt;/strong&gt; километр&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; к северу от Москвы&quot;, which implies that the distance is metered on railroad or highway.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Углич находится двухстами километрами севернее Москвы&lt;/em&gt; - Usable, but less practical.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Углич находится на растоянии двухсот километров к северу от Москвы&lt;/em&gt; - Definitely usable, but not colloquial. It sounds like a geography lesson.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Углич находится к северу от Москвы&lt;/em&gt; - perfectly fine. A variant &quot;Углич находится &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; север от Москвы&quot; implies a stricter sense of direction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Углич находится севернее Москвы&lt;/em&gt; - defines latitude, but not direction. Same as &quot;Stockholm is farther to the north than Moscow&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Углич находится северной Москвы&lt;/em&gt; - not good at all. &quot;северной Москвы&quot; means it is about the northern part of Moscow, and the sentence &#xA;as a whole makes no grammatical sense.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;№3 (&lt;em&gt;юго-западней&lt;/em&gt;) I think it is sufficiently resolved already, as the question reflects it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-06-18T20:39:20.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16614" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16615" CreationDate="2018-06-18T22:12:23.630" Score="1" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw an old post on this forum, telling that, in order to convey the idea &quot;from... to...&quot;, we must use &lt;strong&gt;&quot;из... в...&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; when the endpoints are towns or countries, whereas &lt;strong&gt;&quot;с... на...&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is used when the endpoints refer to natural geography, such as mountains, islands, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the correct syntax is &lt;strong&gt;&quot;из Москвы в Петербург&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;с Урала на Камчатку&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, I have a few doubts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What if the endpoints refer to different types of geography? &#xA;For example, &lt;em&gt;&quot;from Moscow to the Ural Mountains&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Из&lt;/strong&gt; Москвы &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; Урал&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nouns which take the preposition &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; in the locative case require &lt;strong&gt;&quot;из... в...&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; to be replaced by &lt;strong&gt;&quot;из... на...&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Из Крыма на Стравопольский Край&quot;, &quot;из Москвы на Кавказ&quot;, &quot;из России на Украину&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Once I saw the sentence &quot;&lt;strong&gt;от&lt;/strong&gt; Москвы &lt;strong&gt;до&lt;/strong&gt; Петербурга&quot;. Is this syntax correct?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How to tell &quot;from... to...&quot; when referring to abstract concepts, instead of geography?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;em&gt;&quot;from poverty to wealth&quot;&lt;/em&gt;: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; бедности &lt;strong&gt;до&lt;/strong&gt; богатства&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;The weather went from very cold to very hot with no transition&quot;&lt;/em&gt;: &quot;Погода превращалась &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; очень холодной &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; очень жаркую  без перехода&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-06-18T22:44:47.617" Title="From... to... in Russian" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;comparative&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16615" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16614" CreationDate="2018-06-18T22:44:47.617" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What if the endpoints refer to different types of geography? For example, &amp;quot;from Moscow to the Ural Mountains&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Из Москвы на Урал&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nouns which take the preposition на in the locative case require &amp;quot;из... в...&amp;quot; to be replaced by &amp;quot;из... на...&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;из Москвы на Кавказ&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;из России на Украину&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most Russian grammars prescribe to use &lt;em&gt;на Украину&lt;/em&gt; but some Russian speakers living in Ukraine prefer to use &lt;em&gt;в Украину&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming you would have used &lt;em&gt;на Украине&lt;/em&gt; in locative, it would be consistent to use &lt;em&gt;на Украину&lt;/em&gt; in accusative as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Край&lt;/em&gt; is rarely if ever used with &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once I saw the sentence &amp;quot;от Москвы до Петербурга&amp;quot;. Is this syntax correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is, but it means &amp;quot;from Moscow to St. Petersburg&amp;quot; in context of time or distance measurement: &lt;em&gt;от Москвы до Петербурга час лёту&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;it's one hour's flight from Moscow to St. Petersburg&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some other edge use cases for this syntax, but in general, when you're talking about going from somewhere to somewhere else, you use &lt;em&gt;из/с&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;в/на&lt;/em&gt;, and when you're talking about distance from somewhere to somewhere else, you use &lt;em&gt;от&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;до&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &amp;quot;from poverty to wealth&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;с бедности до богатства&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See above. &lt;em&gt;От бедности до богатства один шаг&lt;/em&gt;: &amp;quot;it's one step from poverty to wealth&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;The weather went from very cold to very hot with no transition&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Погода сменилась с очень холодной на очень жаркую без перехода&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you were to use &lt;em&gt;превратилась&lt;/em&gt; (which is not stylistically justified here), you would have used &lt;em&gt;из/в&lt;/em&gt; indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-18T22:44:47.617" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16563" CreationDate="2018-06-18T23:11:41.143" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian stress is very mobile, and etymology does not play the leading role in defining it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Words like &lt;em&gt;серьга, кирка, грудь, ось, глушь, сажень, Обь, Пермь, кружево, зеркало&lt;/em&gt; and numerous others don't have any rhyme or reason to their stress patterns, and, as a matter of fact, their stress patterns were (and still are) swaying during the course of language development. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's equally natural for Russian to say both &lt;em&gt;зе&amp;#x301;ркала&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;зеркала&amp;#x301;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;знамёна&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;знамена&amp;#x301;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;гру&amp;#x301;ди&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;груди&amp;#x301;&lt;/em&gt; (sg. gen.) etc, and the forms which are perceived as blatantly wrong now were the only correct ones just 150 years ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The best explanation of the fact that Russian speakers say &lt;em&gt;де&amp;#x301;ньги&lt;/em&gt; in nominative and &lt;em&gt;деньга&amp;#x301;м&lt;/em&gt; in dative in early XXI century is that they feel like it at this very point in time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-06-18T23:11:41.143" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16617" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-19T00:29:05.903" Score="2" ViewCount="391" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the first things I got to know when I started learning Russian is that the preposition &quot;of&quot; does not exist in Russian. Or at least, so tell beginner-level textbooks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I kept studying, I realized that one cannot just use the genitive in many contexts. There are the prepositions &lt;strong&gt;с, из, от&lt;/strong&gt; which denote origin and, unfortunately, are not interchangeable. I'm afraid that I need to learn case-by-case where to employ each one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, let me know if I got the right preposition in the following examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Из&lt;/strong&gt; is used when referring: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the material something is made of: &quot;стол сделан &lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt; дерева&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the starting point of a trip, &lt;em&gt;if that same point is denoted by the preposition &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;, were it the destination&lt;/em&gt; : &quot;&lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt; Москвы на Кавказ&quot;, because &quot;с Кавказа &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; Москву&quot;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Moreover, &lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt; is normally used when the point of departure is a city, country, region or other kind of artificial geography: из города, из Саратовской Области, из России.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a sample from an assortment: &quot;один &lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt; моих любимых блюд&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the starting stage of a transition/transformation, if the verb denoting the transition is followed by the preposition &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Из&lt;/strong&gt; деревни превратиться &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; город&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;С&lt;/strong&gt; is used with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the starting point of a trip, if that same point is denoted by the preposition &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, were it the destination: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; Кавказа в Москву&quot; because &quot;из Москвы &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; Кавказ&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Moreover, &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; denotes departure from natural geography, such as mountains, islands, planets and stars. &quot;С Урала на Тихий Океан&quot;, &quot;с равнины на гору&quot;, &quot;с Земли на Луну&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;when referring to a starting point in time: &quot;со среды&quot;, &quot;с августа&quot;, &quot;с 2000 года&quot;, &quot;с шести часов вечера&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the means of sending a message: &quot;писать с телефона&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the starting stage of a transition/transformation denoted by a verb followed by the preposition &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: &quot;погода &lt;em&gt;с&lt;/em&gt; холодной сменилась &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; жаркую&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;От&lt;/strong&gt; is used with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the cause of a negative consequence: &quot;умереть от холода&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the cause of an inadvertent action: &quot;от смущения она разбила кувшин с молоком&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the starting point of a trip having its arrival point denoted by &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;до&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, when measuring distance or travel time: &quot;поездка от Москвы до Петербурга занимает 13 часов&quot;, &quot;расстояние от Москвы до Петербурга - 700км&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the symptoms a medicine is supposed to get people rid of: &quot;лекарство от кашеля&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are the general usages I know so far. There are however specific usages which do not seem to fit the general criteria.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The expressions &lt;strong&gt;&quot;с каждого дня&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;день ото дня&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;изо дня в день&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; all mean the same, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last surprise I stumbled upon was &quot;Алине Загитовой вручили ключ от квартиры в Ижевске&quot;. Is &lt;strong&gt;ключ&lt;/strong&gt; in the same league as &lt;strong&gt;лекарство&lt;/strong&gt;, in the sense that the purpose a thing is made for is indicated by &lt;em&gt;от&lt;/em&gt;, rather than the genitive alone or the preposition &lt;em&gt;для&lt;/em&gt;? Are there any other words followed by &lt;strong&gt;от&lt;/strong&gt; indicating what something was designed for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did not include examples such as &quot;сбить с тольку&quot;, &quot;сойти с ума&quot;, &quot;изо всех сил&quot;, because these all are set expressions which seem independent from general grammar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the expression &quot;от себя&quot; (for &quot;push!&quot;) a set expression too, or does it fit any rule for designating the starting point of something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-06-19T17:47:24.860" Title="Recap of с, от, из" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16617" CreationDate="2018-06-19T04:34:36.267" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The items are correct (except &lt;code&gt;от кашля&lt;/code&gt;, since &lt;code&gt;кашель&lt;/code&gt; has &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; only in nominal/accusative singular), but the list is not comprehensive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, you missed a very common usage of &lt;code&gt;с&lt;/code&gt; as &quot;with&quot;. Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Она пошла в кино с подругами - She went to a cinema with (female) friends.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он в баре с друзьями - he is in a pub with friends&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я встретил Мишку с Сашкой - I met Misha and Sasha (implies they were together, and are often appear together)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я сплю только с женой - I sleep only with my wife.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Чай с сахаром - tea with sugar&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дом с мезонином - house with mezzanine&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дама с собачкой - lady with a little dog&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the verbs играть, дружить, враждовать, разводиться, воевать, соперничать govern &quot;с&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;СССР воевал с нацистской Германией - USSR warred/fought/made war against Nazi Germany&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я развёлся с женой - I divorced my wife&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Иванов с Петровым дружат/враждуют (or Иванов дружит/враждует с Петровым)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Маша играет в шахматы с Наташей - Masha plays chess against Natasha.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian husbands divorce &quot;with&quot; their wives (and vice versa). In Russian, countries make wars &quot;with&quot; each other, rather than against each other, basketball teams play &quot;with&quot; each other, and children fight &quot;with&quot; each other.  It seems the Russian language considers war, divorce, fight as something which both parties do together. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about marriage? It has three different prepositions. Вступают в брак с кем-то, женятся на ком-то, а выходят замуж за кого-то. Maybe the idea is that the husband is &quot;above&quot; his wife (thats why &quot;жениться на&quot;), while the wife is &quot;behind&quot; her husband (thats why &quot;выйти замуж за&quot;), but gender-neutral expression   &lt;code&gt;обвенчаться&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;вступить в брак&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;связать жизнь&lt;/code&gt; govern &lt;code&gt;с&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;С каждого дня&quot; is uncommon. It is mostly used in expressions like &lt;code&gt;по 2 фотографии с каждого дня&lt;/code&gt; - literally &quot;two photographs from each day&quot;.  Similar expressions: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;собрать по 1000 рублей с каждого сотрудника - collect 1000 rubles from each employee (for celebrating something, for example)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;урожай пшеницы составил 50 центнеров с гектара - wheat crop was 50 centners per hectare&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;День ото дня&quot; is about a feature which become stronger and stronger day by day (or weaker and weaker day by day). Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;День ото дня работы становилось всё больше - each day, there was more and more work&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;День ото дня терпение его истощалось - his patience was exhausted day by day&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Год от года, день ото дня хорошеет Кострома - Year by year, day by day, Kostroma becomes more and more beautiful&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Изо дня в день&quot; is about something which happens every day, without change, i. e. &lt;code&gt;изо дня в день мы слышали одно и то же&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now about &lt;code&gt;ключ от квартиры&lt;/code&gt;. The very common usage of the prefix &lt;code&gt;от&lt;/code&gt; is separation of a piece from whole. The verbs &lt;code&gt;оторвать&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;отделить&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;отрезать&lt;/code&gt;, and similar verbs with prefix &lt;code&gt;от-&lt;/code&gt;, usually govern the prefix &lt;code&gt;от&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;code&gt;отрубить ветку от дерева&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;отрезать от буханки&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;оторвать обложку от книги&lt;/code&gt; (but &lt;code&gt;вырвать страницу из книги&lt;/code&gt;) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ключ от квартиры&lt;/code&gt; is similar to this: &lt;code&gt;Х от Y&lt;/code&gt; means that X and Y are now separate objects, but X is made to be a part of Y, or to belong to Y, or (smaller) X and (bigger) Y are made to be together: &lt;code&gt;лампочка от фонарика&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;пробка от бутылки&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;детали от велосипеда&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ручка от двери&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ключ от замка/двери/квартиры/дома/шкафа/машины&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;шнурки от ботинок&lt;/code&gt; etc. If you will now remove one key from your computer's keyboard, it will become &lt;code&gt;клавиша от компьютера&lt;/code&gt;. (Note this is almost always about artificial objects.)  Other examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- От какой бутылки эта пробка?&#xA;- Вон от той.&#xA;&#xA;- Эта крышка от чего?&#xA;- От банки с компотом.&#xA;&#xA;- Что это за железяка?&#xA;- Ручка от ящика стола.&#xA;- А почему она на полу?&#xA;- Потому что она от ящика отломалась.&#xA;&#xA;- Это магазин от автомата Калашникова?&#xA;- Нет, от &quot;Узи&quot;.&#xA;&#xA;- А почему стол шатается?&#xA;- Потому что ножка от него отвалилась. А где она, я не знаю.&#xA;- В коридоре валяется какая-то ножка, наверное, от нашего стола.  Рядом с чекой от гранаты и гусеницей от танка.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2018-06-19T05:43:10.710" LastActivityDate="2018-06-19T05:43:10.710" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16617" CreationDate="2018-06-19T08:14:43.300" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is one more use case of 'с/со' where it is translated as 'off':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Упасть &lt;strong&gt;со&lt;/strong&gt; стола / &lt;strong&gt;со&lt;/strong&gt; скалы / &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; дивана.  - Fall &lt;strong&gt;off&lt;/strong&gt; the table / a cliff / a sofa.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-06-19T08:14:43.300" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16620" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16621" CreationDate="2018-06-19T10:16:23.293" Score="5" ViewCount="1210" Body="&lt;p&gt;On many a website from Russia and Belarus I can see prices on products displayed as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;212,00 p.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've added a screen shot as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the price 212 rubles or is it a shortening or a delimiter of some sort? (like 212k meaning 212,000)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/s9v71.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/s9v71.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10674" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-06-19T15:07:57.880" LastActivityDate="2018-06-20T05:12:26.340" Title="Ruble &amp; Currency delimiters" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;культура&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16620" CreationDate="2018-06-19T15:32:51.793" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &lt;code&gt;рубль&lt;/code&gt; is commonly abbreviated as &lt;code&gt;руб.&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;р.&lt;/code&gt;, so &lt;code&gt;212,00 р.&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;212 рублей&lt;/code&gt;.  On websites which sell things, рубль is often abbreviated for simplicity of programming. You don't need to program the server to use the correct case each time (21 рубль, 22 рубля, 25 рублей).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, comma is used to delimit the integer and fractional parts, e.g., the familiar approximation to pi in Russian would be written as &lt;code&gt;3,14&lt;/code&gt;.  On the other hand, rubles and kopecks can be also delimited by a period (for example, 3 rubles 62 kopecks was 3.62). I would say that all of the following are common: &lt;code&gt;212,00 р.&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;212.00&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;212,00&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;212 руб. 00 коп.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The price of 212 Belarussian rubles (about $100) is pretty typical for a mattress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2018-06-20T05:12:26.340" LastActivityDate="2018-06-20T05:12:26.340" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16617" CreationDate="2018-06-19T17:47:24.860" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A rather funny case is that all three can be used to denote emotional reasons for some action: со зла, из зависти, от скуки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-06-19T17:47:24.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16563" CreationDate="2018-06-19T20:55:54.960" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the answer is to be sought in the realm of semantics and so surmise that it really an inflexion of the plural &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;деньги&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, аs on a conceptual level Russian native speakers, if my own perception of the language is anything to go by, don't think of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;money&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in terms of collection of singular &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;coins&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which is the meaning of the word &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;деньгА&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm reminded of Chukovsky's children's poem &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/F0w4B_Ig2VQ?t=1m27s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Муха-цокотуха&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Муха по полю пошла,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Муха &lt;strong&gt;денежку&lt;/strong&gt; нашла.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eFYRm.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eFYRm.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Plural &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;деньги&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a generic term to designate &lt;em&gt;financial means&lt;/em&gt; in both cash and non-cash forms as both coins and bills.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The expression &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;туго с деньгами&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; normally means &lt;em&gt;shortage of financial means&lt;/em&gt; and not &lt;em&gt;shortage of coins&lt;/em&gt;. In this respect formerly downvoted Sergey Slepov's reply makes good sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To express the idea of &lt;em&gt;coins shortage&lt;/em&gt; modern Russian speaker would use not the word &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;деньга/деньги&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; but the word &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;монеты&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, because in modern language plural &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;деньги&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in most use cases doesn't give the connotation of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;coins&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-19T21:21:16.363" LastActivityDate="2018-06-19T21:21:16.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16625" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-20T01:58:29.640" Score="0" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hkhJj.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Picture of a note/poem I found &quot;&gt;&#xA;Hi I was wondering if one of you could help me translate this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10680" LastActivityDate="2018-06-20T04:43:48.180" Title="Note or a poem?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2018-06-20T14:21:34.340" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16625" CreationDate="2018-06-20T04:43:48.180" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's the famous poem by Konstantin Simonov written in 1941 (1942?).&#xA;Addressed by a generalised frontline soldier to his wife. There'd be English translations in the Net, I believe. The general sense is like: &quot;Wait for me and I'll be back ... but you'll have to wait with all your heart... wait when noone else waits... and then [because of your waiting] I'll be back&quot;. Created some adverse reception in its time, being perceived as a sort of rigid moral law (for wives and girlfriends of soldiers).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-20T04:43:48.180" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16627" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16628" CreationDate="2018-06-20T18:10:43.237" Score="2" ViewCount="97" Body="&lt;p&gt;Пытаюсь спроектировать морфологический парсер русского языка. И вот незадача ... Со школьной скамьи нам повествовали только о трех временах в русском языке: &lt;code&gt;будущем&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;настоящем&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;прошлом&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В одной из дискуссий на очередном ресурсе программеров возник вопрос &quot;а действительно ли это все так?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пример&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слышал, слыхал, слыхивал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вопросы&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как это трактовать? Вариации прошедшего времени, или вариации (нескольких) прошедших времен?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тот же вопрос относительно &quot;настоящего&quot; и &quot;будущего&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Так сколько же времен в русском языке??!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10686" LastActivityDate="2018-06-20T19:52:11.540" Title="Времена в русском языке" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;грамотность&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16627" CreationDate="2018-06-20T18:43:57.013" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;В школе учили правильно: времен три. Плюс два вида, два залога, три наклонения. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слышал, слыхал, слыхивал - разные глаголы. Корень один, но связи между ними нерегулярные, примерно как между рука, ручка и ручник. Попробуйте, например, подыскать пару по аналогии:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Слышал - слыхал&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дышал - ?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нет такого слова, в этом и нерегулярность. А времена и залоги есть у всех глаголов. Вид - пограничная категория: у одних слов есть пара, у других нет, а у третьих несколько.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-06-20T18:56:34.257" LastActivityDate="2018-06-20T18:56:34.257" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16627" CreationDate="2018-06-20T19:24:16.070" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Хотя в старославянском языке и &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic_grammar#Verbs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;были&lt;/a&gt; времена, которых в современном русском языке нет, это всё же не та ситуация. Такие глаголы называют видовыми дублетами (см., например, Сергей Карцевский, &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=sanSAAAAQBAJ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;«Из лингвистического наследия», т. 2&lt;/a&gt;) и особых времен не усматривают.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-06-20T19:24:16.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16627" CreationDate="2018-06-20T19:39:24.700" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Думаю, следует трактовать как разные ВИДЫ (АСПЕКТЫ) глагола.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Вид_(лингвистика)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Аспектология&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Теоретически аналогично для двух остальных времён, но в русском в них виды, отличные от стандартных совершенного и несовершенного, применяются уже редко. Я имею в виду такие как &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;посиживаю&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;полёживаю&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Времён три.&#xA;Видов основных, признанных в языке, два - совершенный и несовершенный, прошедшему и будущему присущи оба вида, настоящему - только несовершенный.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-20T19:52:11.540" LastActivityDate="2018-06-20T19:52:11.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16631" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16633" CreationDate="2018-06-20T23:34:38.263" Score="5" ViewCount="198" Body="&lt;p&gt;In standard Russian, the vowel &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt; in the word &lt;strong&gt;январь&lt;/strong&gt; must be reduced to /ɪ/. So, &lt;strong&gt;январь&lt;/strong&gt; sounds [ɪnˈvarʲ]. Today in Forvo there are eight people pronouncing this word, and all of them do it  as [jɪnˈvarʲ], without the vowel reduction. Considering that is borrowed from latin &lt;strong&gt;ianuarius&lt;/strong&gt; and the sound /ɪ/ is preserved in most languages like English, French, Catalan, German, Italian, Romanian, maybe there is an exception for this word and the rule doesn't met in this case, or the eight people in Forvo are non standard speakers? How most Russian speakers pronounce it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10687" LastActivityDate="2018-06-21T00:31:35.280" Title="Vowel reduction in unstressed я in январь" Tags="&lt;vowel-reduction&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16632" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16634" CreationDate="2018-06-21T00:14:38.697" Score="3" ViewCount="79" Body="&lt;p&gt;i always thought бы should be used with verbs in the past tense. &#xA;Example: Я тебя бы сказал. I should have told you. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but the passage below it's used like this:&#xA;надо бы рассказать... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На фоне трагедии Фауста это персонаж скорее малозначительный, чем загадочный, однако справедливости ради надо бы рассказать и о нем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10593" LastActivityDate="2018-06-21T05:00:47.197" Title="use of бы here with надо" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16631" CreationDate="2018-06-21T00:19:25.320" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In standard Russian, the vowel я in the word январь must be reduced to /ɪ/. So, январь sounds [ɪnˈvarʲ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does not sound like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word-initial and post-vocalic &lt;em&gt;я, е, ю, ё&lt;/em&gt;, are subject to iotation (prepending the vowel with &lt;code&gt;[j]&lt;/code&gt;), so the Forvo pronunciations are correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The vowel reduction is still there: a stressed word initial &lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt;, as in &lt;em&gt;яблоко&lt;/em&gt;, would have been &lt;code&gt;[jäbləkə]&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-06-21T00:31:35.280" LastActivityDate="2018-06-21T00:31:35.280" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16632" CreationDate="2018-06-21T05:00:47.197" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this usage &lt;strong&gt;(надо) бы&lt;/strong&gt; expresses the author's &lt;em&gt;hesitation&lt;/em&gt;, as if the idea of writing about something else came up at the last moment and it's unclear yet if that material should be placed in the same section of the book, how detailed it should be, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the author just wanted to mention that opportunity without writing about it at all, they could write &lt;strong&gt;(надо) было бы&lt;/strong&gt; instead and then explain why the idea was abandoned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-06-21T05:00:47.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16635" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-21T09:59:59.097" Score="1" ViewCount="217" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, the word &quot;girlfriend&quot; in Russian is ambiguous. As well as the word for &quot;female friend&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I say &lt;code&gt;ты хорошая подруга&lt;/code&gt; am I telling just &quot;you're a good friend&quot; with no ambiguity?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I say &lt;code&gt;я хочу, чтобы ты стала моей подругой&lt;/code&gt; is it evident that I am telling &quot;I want you to become my girlfriend&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being a man, does the usage of the word &lt;strong&gt;подруга&lt;/strong&gt; imply a connotation with &quot;girlfriend&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if I just want to tell &quot;friend&quot;, the word &lt;strong&gt;друг&lt;/strong&gt; works for both genders, right? If I say &lt;code&gt;ты хороший друг&lt;/code&gt; it can mean &quot;you're a good [female] friend&quot;, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-06-22T15:07:18.587" Title="Girlfriend vs friend" Tags="&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16636" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-21T20:02:40.010" Score="1" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've always wondered how could I connect a preposition with a verb. Since prepositions require the nouns following them to be declined, I didn't know what change would verbs undergo, since the infinitive of a verb is not a declinable word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, the &quot;то, чтобы...&quot; clause may help?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Instead of admitting his mistake, he rudely approached me.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Вместо того, чтобы&lt;/code&gt;&lt;strike&gt;&lt;code&gt;допустить его&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;code&gt;признать свою ошибку, он грубо отнёсся ко мне.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;There's a price in being an autonomous power.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Есть цена в том, чтобы быть самостоятельной властью.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in the following sentence, &quot;то, что...&quot; seems more appropriate to me...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я удивился тому, что девушка говорит на моём языке так бегло.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these clauses, maybe чтобы implies an intention, or something which has not been done yet, while что implies something already done?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At least I cannot think of an example where I would need &quot;тому, чтобы...&quot;. Maybe &quot;я направляюсь к тому, чтобы быть рок-звездой&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if I want to tell &quot;I don't want to do anything but to sleep&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Не хочу ничего делать, кроме того, чтобы спать.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-21T20:47:47.263" LastActivityDate="2018-06-22T00:07:38.090" Title="чтобы for connection between prepositions and verbs" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;conjunctions&gt;&lt;clauses&gt;&lt;чтобы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16636" CreationDate="2018-06-22T00:07:38.090" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Since prepositions require the nouns following them to be declined, I&#xA;  didn't know what change would verbs undergo, since the infinitive of a&#xA;  verb is not a declinable word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nouns decline to the correct case, verbs just become inifinitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вместо того, чтобы признать свою ошибку, он грубо отнёсся ко мне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There's a price in being an autonomous power.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Есть цена в том, чтобы быть самостоятельной властью.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Цена в том&quot; не говорят. Even if you say &quot;есть цена у того&quot;, the whole sentence still would be, at least, odd. I am not sure how to say it correctly, with or without &lt;code&gt;чтобы&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;However, in the following sentence, &quot;то, что...&quot; seems more&#xA;  appropriate to me...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я удивился тому, что девушка говорит на моём языке так бегло.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct. &quot;Чтобы&quot; would be wrong here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In these clauses, maybe чтобы implies an intention, or something which has not been done yet, while что implies something already done?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct, or at least very close to the truth (there may be some odd exceptions, but I cannot figure out any).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;At least I cannot think of an example where I would need &quot;тому, чтобы...&quot;. Maybe &quot;я направляюсь к тому, чтобы быть рок-звездой&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я иду к тому, чтобы стать рок-звездой.&lt;/code&gt; Otherwise, the sentence is correct. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не хочу ничего делать, кроме того, чтобы спать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is better to use &lt;code&gt;кроме как&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;code&gt;не хочу ничего не делать, кроме как спать&lt;/code&gt;.  But such &lt;code&gt;кроме того, чтобы&lt;/code&gt; is used occasionally: &lt;a href=&quot;http://context.reverso.net/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%2C+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://context.reverso.net/перевод/русский-английский/кроме+того%2C+чтобы&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-06-22T00:07:38.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16638" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16639" CreationDate="2018-06-22T08:04:54.107" Score="5" ViewCount="2112" Body="&lt;p&gt;Недавно мой ответ был &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.stackoverflow.com/revisions/845012/2&quot;&gt;отредактирован&lt;/a&gt; заменой &quot;читабельно&quot; на &quot;читаемо&quot; и комментарием, что слова &quot;читабельно&quot; не существует. Тем не менее &lt;a href=&quot;https://translate.yandex.ru/?lang=ru-en&amp;amp;text=%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;яндекс&lt;/a&gt; (и гугл) понимают его и предлагают корректный перевод.&#xA;В &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lingvolive.com/en-us/translate/ru-en/%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;лингво онлайн&lt;/a&gt; оно присутствует в виде прилагательного, а в виде наречия встречается только в примерах из текстов (&quot;читабельнее&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На мой взгляд, использование именно этого слова, а не предложенного аналога более точно отражает суть в данном контексте:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пишите код так что бы было читабельно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно ли считать, что слово существует на основании того, что оно присутствует в базе онлайн словарей? или есть какие то более строгие критерии?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10690" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T07:24:50.013" Title="существует ли слово &quot;читабельно&quot;?" Tags="&lt;словарь&gt;&lt;слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16638" CreationDate="2018-06-22T08:32:17.960" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Думаю, факт фиксации слова &lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/1088802&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;в авторитетных словарях&lt;/a&gt; является железным подтверждением факта его существования.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это по поводу незафиксированных слов могут быть споры.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Другое дело, что оно может быть уместно не во всех контекстах, если  оно относится, например, к разговорной лексике, к каковой согласно словарям относится слово &lt;code&gt;читабельный&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но общение в Интернете лично я таким контекстом не считаю, тем более не считаю справедливым редактирование с обоснованием, которое противоречит объективной реальности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Единственный более строгий, хоть и абсурдный, критерий, который мне приходит на ум, это законодательное закрепление факта существования слова.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В моём восприятии слово &lt;code&gt;читаемый&lt;/code&gt; лишено значения &lt;code&gt;удобный для чтения, разборчивый&lt;/code&gt;, и уже только на этом основании я бы отверг его в качестве замены.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разница между ними уже обсуждалась &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/431317/%D0%A7%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%95%D0%9C%D0%AB%D0%99-%D0%B8-%D0%A7%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%91%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%99-%D0%B2-%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BC-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot;&gt;здесь&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-22T09:08:40.503" LastActivityDate="2018-06-22T09:08:40.503" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16638" CreationDate="2018-06-22T09:16:56.490" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слова &lt;code&gt;читабельный&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;читабельность&lt;/code&gt; широко употребляются в книгах по программированию. Что такое &quot;слова не существует&quot;? Если оно широко употребляется в книгах по определённой тематике, и известно любому, кто этой тематикой занимается, то оно существует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-06-22T09:16:56.490" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16641" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-22T10:07:05.223" Score="4" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;разбираться в чем-то &lt;strong&gt;из рук вон плохо&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This entire phrase is a hyperbolic expression used to emphasise the idea of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;how badly&lt;/strong&gt; someone does something&quot;, correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Its grammatical construction eludes me, though; I'm not sure how to parse the phrase -- how these separate words get to have the figurative meaning as a whole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;из рук = (getting) out of hand?&#xA;&#xA;вон = out there?&#xA;&#xA;плохо = badly&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also: What other verbs than &quot;разбираться&quot; are commonly coupled with this expression?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T04:41:19.310" Title="Breaking down the expression &quot;из рук вон плохо&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16641" CreationDate="2018-06-22T13:09:30.527" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To me it breaks down like this: &lt;strong&gt;плохо&lt;/strong&gt; as if everything falls &lt;strong&gt;из рук вон&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may imagine an unprofessional or tired person, who can't hold his tools tightly and they keep falling out of his hands. So he effectively can't do his job.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Из рук вон&lt;/strong&gt; means just &lt;strong&gt;out of hands&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Вон&lt;/strong&gt; is an old fashioned word and used to indicate direction &quot;from here/inside to the outside&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This expression may be coupled with the name of virtually any activity&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он водит/шьет/работает из рук вон плохо&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and also in the phrase like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дела идут из рук вон плохо&lt;/em&gt;  - The things are very bad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-06-22T13:09:30.527" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16635" CreationDate="2018-06-22T15:07:18.587" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;While your first question definitely can be answered as &quot;yes, there isn't any ambiguity&quot;, I think some people would disagree on the second one as, just like the English word can be interpreted differently (for example, if spelled differently, i. e. &quot;girlfriend&quot; and &quot;girl friend&quot;, though I am not sure if the latter is used commonly), the Russian one can, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я хочу, чтобы ты стала моей подругой&lt;/code&gt; is a slightly ambiguous sentence, if you ask me. It might carry both meanings of &quot;I want you to become my friend&quot; and &quot;I want you to become my girlfriend&quot;. If you want to express &quot;I want you to become my girlfriend&quot; clearly and without ambiguity, then you could use &lt;code&gt;Я хочу, чтобы ты стала моей девушкой&lt;/code&gt;, since, as the related questions linked in the comments suggest, &lt;code&gt;девушка&lt;/code&gt; has stronger romantic connotations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yes - &lt;code&gt;друг&lt;/code&gt; will quite clearly state lack of romantic interest, and can be used for both male and female friends in that regard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10545" LastActivityDate="2018-06-22T15:07:18.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16644" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16646" CreationDate="2018-06-22T18:49:04.347" Score="26" ViewCount="4718" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have this comic book in Russian that uses characters I don't know from my Russian learning materials.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please see my image. There are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;small m&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;и with line on top&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;g&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;mirrored s&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which 'standard' characters do they represent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZyCSD.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZyCSD.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10693" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-25T15:57:50.777" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T15:57:50.777" Title="What are these Russian characters that aren't in the alphabet in my learning material?" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;&lt;typography&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16644" CreationDate="2018-06-22T19:20:29.373" Score="28" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those are cursive forms: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_cursive&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_cursive&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The letters you were surprised by are, in order listed, Тт Йй Дд Гг.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-06-22T19:20:29.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16646" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16644" CreationDate="2018-06-22T19:22:02.617" Score="41" Body="&lt;p&gt;-small m = &lt;code&gt;т&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-и with line on top = &lt;code&gt;й&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-g = &lt;code&gt;д&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-mirrored s = &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are handwriting style characters, but some of them (&lt;code&gt;m&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-и with line on top&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;mirrored s&lt;/code&gt; in particular) are also used in italicized version of some Russian fonts, Arial and Times New Roman to name a few.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-06-22T19:22:02.617" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16647" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16644" CreationDate="2018-06-22T21:10:18.083" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;In some fonts you might also encounter 'mirrored 6' which is 'small д'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-22T21:10:18.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16641" CreationDate="2018-06-22T21:12:56.947" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Плохо is an adverb &lt;strong&gt;badly&lt;/strong&gt; and «из рук вон» is an idiom meaning &lt;strong&gt;very&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;It can be used with different verbs but only with this adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он учится из рук вон плохо. Дела идут из рук вон плохо. И готовит она из рук вон плохо.=совсем плохо, очень плохо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-06-22T21:12:56.947" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16649" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16641" CreationDate="2018-06-23T04:41:19.310" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's try it this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, just like the other guys said: in the expression itself the adverb is &quot;плохо&quot; (&quot;badly&quot;), and the &quot;из рук вон&quot; is the amplifier. Another adverb used here is &quot;слабо&quot; (&quot;weakly&quot;, in the sense of quality).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also the expression might be used in the reduced form: &quot;из рук вон&quot;, implying the mentioned adverbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Altogether the expression conveys the sense of deepest disapproval or lowest quality and is used with verbs denoting state, action, activity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How the expression came to be? Without digging in the books and seeing as it uses the hand metaphor, it's very likely, just like @AlexVB suggested, that originally it meant the quality of something made by person who &quot;can't hit a nail straight or keep a tool in a hand&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare &quot;все из рук валится&quot; -- literally &quot;everything falling out of one's hands&quot;, &quot;can't do anything right/can't make busy with anything, because of feeling very bad or low&quot;, and &lt;strong&gt;rude&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;(чьи-то) руки (растут) из ж*&quot; -- &quot;(someone's) hands (growing) out of one's arse&quot;), the person is all left hands and thumbs, can't do/make anything right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T04:41:19.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16650" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16651" CreationDate="2018-06-23T05:34:25.317" Score="5" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am using some Tintin books to expand my understanding of casual speech.  Tintin books are (in my opinion) a great way to supplement dull textbooks.  However sometimes the language can be a bit too colloquial, so I have a few questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Только попадись мне этa болтушка!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[From the context: Just let me get my hands on that chatterbox!]&#xA;This is a grammatical question: I can't reconcile the 2nd person imperative (попадись) with the noun in the nominative case.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пойду скажу пару слов этому типу.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[I am going to say a few words to that character.]&#xA;Grammar again: I would have said 'сказать' instead of 'скажу'.  Two adjacent 1st pers. sing. verbs just looks wrong to me ...&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Чёрный ход был открыт.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Whatever is a 'чёрный ход'?  Obviously not a 'black entrace', put possibly a 'back entrance'?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ни с того ни с сего у нас начали ломаться стёкла.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I can't find an explanation of 'ни с того ни с сего'.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any explanations will be much appreciated.  It will help me finish my glossary for the 'Дело профессора' (The Calculus Affair).&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;By the way, anyone interested in Tintin glossaries may check out mine at &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.users.on.net/~c.rennie/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.users.on.net/~c.rennie/&lt;/a&gt;.  I have done two so far.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10696" LastEditorUserId="10696" LastEditDate="2018-06-23T07:57:51.980" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T07:57:51.980" Title="Tintin glossary" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16651" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16650" CreationDate="2018-06-23T06:05:34.027" Score="6" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The imperative is used to express the desired state of things (Just &lt;strong&gt;let me catch&lt;/strong&gt; that chatterbox!). Попасться is a reflexive verb ('be caught') so literally it's saying 'Just let that chatterbox be caught by me!' with chatterbox in the nominative. The speaker is addressing 'the chatterbox' with the 2nd person imperative.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Two personal forms (or imperatives) are not that uncommon in Russian, especially with идти/пойти:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пойди сходи за молоком! - Go and fetch some milk!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пойду схожу за молоком. - (I will) go and fetch some milk.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Иди работай! - Go and do your work!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Чёрный_ход&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;You were right, it's close to 'back door'.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/ни_с_того_ни_с_сего&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;This means 'suddenly' or 'without any reason'.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T06:05:34.027" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16652" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-23T10:52:11.620" Score="5" ViewCount="471" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I’ve...&lt;strong&gt;shall we say, &lt;em&gt;graduated&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; from my life as a hacker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to say this in Russian, and I'm not sure how to idiomatically express the &quot;shall we say, &lt;em&gt;graduated&lt;/em&gt;&quot; bit with euphemism. Rather than putting it bluntly: &quot;I've quit&quot;, the verb &quot;graduated&quot; is used euphemistically here, which is signalled by the preceding phrase &quot;shall we say&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Компьютерным взломом  я больше не занимаюсь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this phrasing is rather straightforward and does not fully express the idea conveyed by the English phrase. I wonder if the verb &quot;окончить&quot; gets the job done for this figurative meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T13:11:11.303" Title="In Russian, how do you say &quot;shall we say, graduated&quot; euphemistically?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16653" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16659" CreationDate="2018-06-23T11:21:35.037" Score="1" ViewCount="166" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Слишком &lt;strong&gt;уж&lt;/strong&gt; много сил для них нужно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Негоже нам &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; дальше прошлым жить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm assuming &quot;уж&quot; and &quot;и&quot; both serve as an intensifying particle here, but I'm not sure when to use one or the other. As for the intensifier &quot;же&quot;, I use it to draw some contrast to a previous statement, as in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt; здесь красиво!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... but what is the difference between &quot;уж&quot; vs &quot;и&quot; as an intensifier?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to paraphrase the two phrases with &quot;уж&quot; and &quot;и&quot; swapped around?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T19:40:56.427" Title="&quot;уж&quot; vs &quot;и&quot; as an intensifier" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16652" CreationDate="2018-06-23T12:30:55.710" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Ну,) я, скажем так, с хакерством завязал/покончил &lt;sup&gt;(higher register)&lt;/sup&gt; || Хакерство для меня - это, скажем так, пройденный этап&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Ну,) с хакерством я, скажем так, завязал/покончил&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Ну,) с хакерством я завязал/покончил, скажем так/назовём это так || Хакерство для меня - это пройденный этап, скажем так/назовём это так&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-23T12:53:46.000" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T12:53:46.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16652" CreationDate="2018-06-23T12:38:16.803" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first that comes into mind is завязал. The second is поставил крест. The third is развязался. All of them are synonymous to покончил. I think there are more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С хакерством я завязал/покончил/развязался. На хакерстве я, скажем, поставил крест.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T12:38:16.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16652" CreationDate="2018-06-23T12:40:25.657" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я, скажем так, переболел хакерством&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This verb is usually applied to childhood infections like chickenpox or rubella which before the advent of vaccines most kids got early in their lives and once it had been over they were immune to this infection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian it's a metaphor for &quot;going though a phase&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Надеюсь. этими &quot;детскими болезнями&quot; телевидение переболеет и профессионализм снова будет в цене. [Федор Чеханков: Ненависть меня разрушает (2002) // «Витрина читающей России», 2002.09.13]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;а вот мистика пострашней ИМХО. мой&#xA;  мой в своё время читал Кинга. я была в шоке. но ниче, переболел, щас ваще его не воспринимает. это же может быть издержки определённого возраста. пока думаю, дёргаться не стоит, а вот в курсе быть надо. [Наши дети: Подростки (2004)]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Но вот удивительно — компьютерными играми с тех пор навсегда переболел. [Майя Кучерская. Современный патерик: чтение для впавших в уныние (2004)]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T12:40:25.657" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16652" CreationDate="2018-06-23T13:11:11.303" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is actually no well-recognised euphemism for what you want to express (actually, you'd want to &quot;translate&quot; the &quot;shall we say&quot; part, not the &quot;graduated&quot; part).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the variants with &quot;скажем/скажем так&quot; (almost surely) won't work without the &quot;wink, wink, nudge, nudge&quot;-ing or heavily intoning these words. I'd suggest using somewhat more modern-streetish &quot;как бы&quot; (&quot;so to say, in a way&quot;; e.g., &quot;&lt;em&gt;как бы&lt;/em&gt; покончил&quot;), but that, too, is intonation-dependent (try to stretch the marked words).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: Actually, scratch that answer, I've misread your question. Apologies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T13:11:11.303" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16659" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16653" CreationDate="2018-06-23T19:40:56.427" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, you can't swap intensifiers in 1) and 2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Уж&quot; &lt;em&gt;in this kind of context&lt;/em&gt; sort of strengthens the extent of strengthening, and &quot;и&quot; just strengthens the extent (of the adverb).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Trying to put together some rule of thumb here, use &quot;уж&quot; where you could/would double the adverb. Like, &quot;нет уж!&quot; as &quot;no, no!&quot; vs. &quot;нет!&quot; as &quot;no!&quot;. Here, &quot;too much effort&quot; as &quot;слишком много сил&quot; vs. &quot;too, too much effort&quot; vs. &quot;слишком уж много сил&quot;. And use &quot;и&quot; otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-23T19:40:56.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16660" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16661" CreationDate="2018-06-24T01:28:08.847" Score="3" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;Смотри, Востяков, как в тело войду, морду тебе за это самое набью окончательно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm confused from морду onwards, the cases are throwing me off. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10593" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-06-24T08:57:09.283" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T08:57:09.283" Title="What does морду тебе за это самое набью mean?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16660" CreationDate="2018-06-24T06:50:54.427" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;ВХОДИТЬ В ТЕЛО. ВОЙТИ В ТЕЛО. Прост. Экспрес. Физически крепнуть; поправляться, полнеть.to get stronger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;морду тебе за это самое набью окончательно= &lt;strong&gt;(Я) набью тебе ( dative) морду (accusative) за это (accusative) окончательно&lt;/strong&gt;.= I (which is omitted) will beat your face (you in the face) for this (which should be known from the previous context) surely (by all means).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;When I get stronger I will surely beat you in the face for this/that&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T06:50:54.427" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16662" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-24T10:52:07.413" Score="3" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как же здесь оказались книги, &lt;strong&gt;которым больше семи веков&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm a bit stumped with this part...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Why use the dative relative pronoun &quot;которым&quot; rather than the nominative?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) I suppose &quot;больше семи веков&quot; means &quot;more than seven centuries&quot;. Is &quot;семи веков&quot; in the genitive because &quot;больше&quot;, just like &quot;много&quot;, takes the genitive case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T13:57:03.383" Title="How to interpret &quot;которым больше семи веков&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16663" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-24T11:15:19.727" Score="2" ViewCount="79" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just want to say &quot;I need to &lt;strong&gt;find&lt;/strong&gt; it&quot;, or &quot;The main thins is that you will find it&quot; (for example, the key, the document, etc.). Now I am not sure which verb is more appropriate to the context that I showed. Google translate showed me both choices for the word find: найти &amp;amp; находить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужно это &lt;strong&gt;найти&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужно это &lt;strong&gt;находить&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-24T12:17:03.163" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T12:56:47.897" Title="What's the appropriate verb for the following context? (найти Vs. находить)" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16663" CreationDate="2018-06-24T11:50:27.983" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;When the verb is transitive you have to use a perfective form in positive sentences, like in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мне нужно это найти.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As suggested by &lt;strong&gt;Баян Купи-ка&lt;/strong&gt; in the comments imperfective form is also valid here when you talk about some stretched in time duty:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мне нужно находить решения, приемлемые для всех&lt;/em&gt; - I [always] have to look for solutions, suitable for everyone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In negative sentences you use imperfective verbs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мне не нужно этого находить [, чтобы принять правильное решение].&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the verb is intransitive you can use both perfective and imperfective forms in positive sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мне нужно идти. Мне нужно уйти.&lt;/em&gt; - I have to go (leave).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In negative sentences you use imprefective verbs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мне не нужно уходить&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice that perfective/imperfective aspect is often connected with &quot;transitiveness&quot;, so sometimes you have only one option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastEditorUserId="9001" LastEditDate="2018-06-24T12:56:47.897" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T12:56:47.897" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16662" CreationDate="2018-06-24T12:14:08.240" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;All comparatives without &lt;code&gt;чем&lt;/code&gt; govern genitive. &lt;code&gt;Пёс больше кота, толще кота, красивее кота. Автомобиль дороже велосипеда, тяжелее велосипеда, быстрее велосипеда.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is an expression about age with dative: &lt;code&gt;кому-то (или чему-то) столько-то лет (дней, месяцев, веков etc.)&lt;/code&gt;  &lt;code&gt;Этим книгам больше семи веков&lt;/code&gt; is an example of such expression.  Since &lt;code&gt;которым&lt;/code&gt; replaces &lt;code&gt;этим книгам&lt;/code&gt;, it should be in dative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T12:14:08.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16662" CreationDate="2018-06-24T12:18:15.220" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) This is a normal way to talk about ages in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ему&lt;/em&gt;(dat.) &lt;em&gt;десять лет&lt;/em&gt;. - He is ten years old.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is (was) a kind of verb implied in this sentence which is used with dative noun: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ему [уже] исполнилось десять лет.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Yes, &lt;em&gt;больше&lt;/em&gt; takes genitive (if it is in the same clause). You may say either&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Десять больше пяти&lt;/em&gt;(gen.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Десять больше, чем пять&lt;/em&gt;(nom.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T12:18:15.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16663" CreationDate="2018-06-24T12:22:53.850" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you need to find it once, &lt;code&gt;мне нужно это найти&lt;/code&gt;. Example: you lost your glasses and need to find them as soon as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you need to find it time after time, &lt;code&gt;мне нужно это находить&lt;/code&gt;.  Example: you have a pet who takes things and hides them in different places in your home.  You need to find the lost thing each time it happens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T12:22:53.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16662" CreationDate="2018-06-24T12:23:30.763" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is so called &amp;quot;dative of possession&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's used for things like age, name, kinship etc. instead of possessive or genitive:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(возраст) мне семь лет&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;имя мне легион&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;я ему отец&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;человек человеку волк&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this is a thing in Latin as well: &lt;em&gt;nomen mihi legio est, homo homini lupus est&lt;/em&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-24T13:57:03.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16669" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16670" CreationDate="2018-06-24T13:39:03.130" Score="3" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вот только&lt;/strong&gt; дай мне закончить школу, и я сразу же от вас уеду и буду&#xA;  жить, как мне хочется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does вот только mean the same as как только, perhaps with a more emotional bent? Can it be used in a situation where the speaker isn't necessarily upset?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-06-26T22:46:50.240" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T22:46:50.240" Title="Usage of &quot;вот только&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16669" CreationDate="2018-06-24T14:25:34.547" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;They differ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;как только&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a conjunction which can introduce subordinate clause of timing, translated &lt;code&gt;as soon as&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;right after&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;вот только&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can't function like that, it can be translated as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;just&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;simply&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;вот&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is added for emphasis but can be omitted&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So this sentence in English should read something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just let me graduate (first), OK, and I'll leave you right away....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just wait till after I graduate, OK, ....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be used in contexts where it doesn't express displeasure of the speaker, in these cases it imparts the statement a tenor of promise or prediction i guess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;вот только&lt;/code&gt; too can be translated &lt;code&gt;as soon as&lt;/code&gt; but in Russian it's not a full synonym of &lt;code&gt;как только&lt;/code&gt; and it only can introduce first clause in a compound sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда школа я не болею, а &lt;strong&gt;вот только&lt;/strong&gt; начнется лето, (и) я сразу же заболею&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rehashing the sentence by swapping clauses to read&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Когда школа я не болею, но я сразу же заболею, &lt;strong&gt;вот только&lt;/strong&gt; начнется лето&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;doesn't&lt;/strong&gt; sound idiomatic, unlike it would do with the conjunction &lt;code&gt;как только&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this function &lt;code&gt;вот только&lt;/code&gt; in one clause is often (or perhaps always) coupled with adverbs either of immediacy (&lt;code&gt;сразу (же)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;тут же&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;тотчас&lt;/code&gt;) or surety (&lt;code&gt;обязательно&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;непременно&lt;/code&gt;) in the next clause and requires verbs in future tense in perfective aspect in both&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вот только ...., (и) &lt;code&gt;сразу/тут же&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;обязательно&lt;/code&gt;....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depending on the context either part of &lt;code&gt;вот только&lt;/code&gt; can be omitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T14:34:58.087" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16671" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16672" CreationDate="2018-06-24T17:16:37.317" Score="4" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;I seem to remember someone using this as a farewell, but when I search for the expression, it doesn't seem to be as common as I thought. Is it idiomatic to say something like &quot;До следующего раза&quot;? If so, can one leave out &quot;раза&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In French, for example, one can say, &quot;À la prochaine&quot;, meaning &quot;Until next [time]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6903" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T06:58:28.560" Title="Can one say &quot;до следующего&quot; or &quot;до следующего раза&quot; as a farewell?" Tags="&lt;приветствия&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16671" CreationDate="2018-06-24T17:39:54.727" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I haven't encountered its use in this sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually it's said when some business is left undone and is expected to be completed or resumed next time around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What can be said though is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;до скорого!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (equivalent of the German &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;bis bald&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) which is a short form of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;до скорого свидания&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which in turn is a variant of the conventional &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;до свидания&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, or the straightforward &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;до встречи!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still in modern language &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;до скорого&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is not particularly colloquial. Sounds a bit pretentious to my taste.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Expecting to meet a person on a known day or at a known time of the day people might say &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;до вечера!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;до завтра!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;до пятницы!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;до следующей недели!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically you would hear the unspecific in terms of time &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;пока!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;давай!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;на связи!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (keep in touch), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;до связи!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (talk to you later), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;счастливо!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;удачи!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;увидимся!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (see ya) and their combinations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пока!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; does have a connotation of &lt;code&gt;until&lt;/code&gt;, etymology was discussed in Russian at &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/15639/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot;&gt;&quot;Почему прощаются &quot;пока&quot;?&quot;&lt;/a&gt;  and at &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru-etymology.livejournal.com/1136154.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Пока / Давай при прощании&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-25T06:58:28.560" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T06:58:28.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16671" CreationDate="2018-06-25T02:01:42.570" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;До следующего&quot; feels incomplete and wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;До следующего раза&quot; means not &quot;until next time&quot;, but rather &quot;until next occasion/event&quot;. As a farewell, it is OK to say to a person/a group of people who you meet only on some rare/specific occasions, according to some schedule, tradition, when the stars align, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, you meet some people, say, once, twice a year for a party, a travel, something like that. When parting at the end of the event, because you don't expect to meet them until the next such event, you may say &quot;ну, до следующего раза&quot; (e. g. &quot;until the next party/whatever&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T02:01:42.570" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16638" CreationDate="2018-06-25T07:24:50.013" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вряд ли его в 1990-х воскресили из ностальгии по &quot;ленинскому неиспорченному коммунизму&quot;, мне кажется это новый импорт, независимый. Возможно, вместе с вернувшимися эмигрантами. Но даже если и 1920-е, то тогда в основном технологии импортировали из США и Германии. Т.е. французское влияние на язык в 1920-е - тоже под вопросом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T07:24:50.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16644" CreationDate="2018-06-25T09:42:49.210" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nobody posted these letters italicized yet, so here you go:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тт &lt;em&gt;Тт&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Йй &lt;em&gt;Йй&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дд &lt;em&gt;Дд&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Гг &lt;em&gt;Гг&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examine this answer's markdown by clicking &quot;edit&quot; to make sure I didn't trick you :ь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1277" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T09:42:49.210" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16676" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-25T12:14:45.157" Score="18" ViewCount="2266" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А чего это &lt;strong&gt;мы&lt;/strong&gt; такие ворчливые?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just received an IM from my girlfriend, in which she used the pronoun &quot;мы&quot; (jokingly, I suppose) although it was I alone who was grumbling about something in a previous message.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if this is an equivalent of &quot;Aren't &lt;strong&gt;we&lt;/strong&gt; grumpy today?&quot; in English and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;On&lt;/strong&gt; est ronchon, hein ?&quot; in French? English and French use the pronouns &quot;we/on&quot; to indirectly refer to &quot;you/tu&quot; respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T17:26:14.640" Title="In Russian, can &quot;мы&quot; be used to refer to &quot;you&quot; in conversation?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16676" CreationDate="2018-06-25T12:20:28.090" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this particular case it means &quot;Why are you grumpy today&quot;? So, &quot;we&quot; means &quot;you&quot; in this sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This form is often used when talking to children and emphasizes jocular tone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10715" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T12:20:28.090" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16678" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16686" CreationDate="2018-06-25T12:48:08.330" Score="2" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) А &lt;strong&gt;чего это&lt;/strong&gt; мы такие ворчливые?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;=? Why is &lt;strong&gt;it&lt;/strong&gt; that you ...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Не знаю, &lt;strong&gt;как такому&lt;/strong&gt;, как ты, удалось сделать ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;=? I don't know how &lt;strong&gt;such a thing&lt;/strong&gt;, how you managed to do ...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The functions of the words &quot;это&quot; and &quot;такому&quot; placed after the interrogative pronouns got me thinking. I'm assuming both &quot;это&quot; and &quot;такому&quot; can be &lt;em&gt;omitted&lt;/em&gt;, so by placing these seemingly &lt;em&gt;extra&lt;/em&gt; words, can you emphasise your statement?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Incidentally, why say &quot;как &lt;strong&gt;такому&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in dative rather than &quot;как такое&quot;?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if &quot;чего это&quot; and &quot;как такому&quot; are both used only in colloquial style, as these two phrases come from chatty IMs that my girlfriend sent to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-06-25T14:52:46.943" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T10:05:44.627" Title="Are the expressions &quot;чего это&quot; and &quot;как такому&quot; used for emphasis?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16679" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16683" CreationDate="2018-06-25T14:52:01.090" Score="2" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;Within the expression &lt;code&gt;такой, какой&lt;/code&gt; must both components be in the same case? Or rather, какой may take another case, according to the content of the second clause?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;She's just like she was previously.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она такая, какая (какой) она была раньше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;She's just like the way I saw her for the first time.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она такая, какой я увидел её впервые.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;The contemporary flag of Russia is the same as the flag of Imperial Russia.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сегодняшний флаг России такой, каким был флаг царской России.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-06-26T13:39:25.913" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T13:39:25.913" Title="Inflection of такой, какой" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;&lt;clauses&gt;&lt;essive&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16676" CreationDate="2018-06-25T14:56:07.710" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, in sentences like this “мы” can in fact be a 2nd person pronoun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also observe that this can apply to imperative mood as well. “Проходим, не задерживаемся!”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T14:56:07.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16679" CreationDate="2018-06-25T15:29:30.337" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;From your examples it's evident that какой is part of the second clause and inflects accordingly. In all your examples какой is in the instrumental case which is required by был/увидел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; use nominative with был (Она такая, &lt;strong&gt;какая&lt;/strong&gt; она была раньше.) but to me that sounds colloquial. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/16379/2104&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-06-25T15:29:30.337" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16679" CreationDate="2018-06-26T06:01:47.973" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Какая&lt;/em&gt; can take &lt;strong&gt;any&lt;/strong&gt; case according to the content of the second clause, as you suggest:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Она такая, какая есть.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Она такая, какой была раньше.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Она такая, какой можно многое пообещать.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Она такая, какую ещё поискать надо.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Она такая, какой можно гордиться.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Она такая, на какой можно даже жениться.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T06:01:47.973" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16676" CreationDate="2018-06-26T06:33:54.027" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I wonder if this is an equivalent of &quot;Aren't we grumpy today?&quot; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this is exact equivalent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastEditorUserId="369" LastEditDate="2018-06-27T17:26:14.640" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T17:26:14.640" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16676" CreationDate="2018-06-26T14:16:35.413" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The usage of &lt;strong&gt;мы&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;ты&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;вы&lt;/strong&gt; in colloquial speech is wide enough. The explorers call it '&lt;strong&gt;sympathetically intimate&lt;/strong&gt;', '&lt;strong&gt;solidary&lt;/strong&gt;', '&lt;strong&gt;doctorate&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;parental&lt;/strong&gt;' or '&lt;strong&gt;inclusive&lt;/strong&gt;'. Such a usage of &lt;strong&gt;мы&lt;/strong&gt; is considered &lt;em&gt;neutral&lt;/em&gt; when it emphasizes a definitely higher situational status of the speaker, e. g. in a pair like &lt;strong&gt;doctor-to-patient&lt;/strong&gt; (К&lt;em&gt;ак мы себя чувствуем?&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;parent-to-child&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Что это мы тут плачем?&lt;/em&gt;),  &lt;strong&gt;policeman-to-suspect&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Будем сознаваться или будем играть в молчанку!?&lt;/em&gt;), etc. A &lt;em&gt;comical&lt;/em&gt; effect only appears if it's spoken by someone 'out of proper status'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(В. З. Санников, Русский язык в зеркале языковой игры)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=cRyLAQAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA79&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ots=da9xaO3W0Q&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U3d6nZJB4gbAygeQnAmbbQuOkLgaw&amp;amp;w=1280&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=cRyLAQAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA79&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ots=da9xaO3W0Q&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U3d6nZJB4gbAygeQnAmbbQuOkLgaw&amp;amp;w=1280&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=cRyLAQAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA80&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ots=da9xaO3W0Q&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U3P472gku_DWe20h6Yugnm_BFiFzQ&amp;amp;w=1280&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=cRyLAQAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA80&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ots=da9xaO3W0Q&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U3P472gku_DWe20h6Yugnm_BFiFzQ&amp;amp;w=1280&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T14:16:35.413" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16686" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16678" CreationDate="2018-06-26T15:33:19.030" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer your question directly: both of these expressions are used only colloquially, but their function is somewhat opposite to emphasis. It's rather (at least sometimes) about being able to &quot;humbly&quot; ask or suggest something that might be too rude with a more straightforward wording. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Чего это&quot; is a reduction of the more literal &quot;для чего это&quot; (&quot;what is this for&quot;). This example (with &quot;мы&quot; like in your sentence) &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?mycorp=%28lang%3A%22eng%22+%7C+lang_trans%3A%22eng%22%29&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=24681277&amp;amp;mysentsize=1608376&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=para&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;req=%F7%E5%E3%EE+%FD%F2%EE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;is obtained from Russian National Corpus&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ralph turned. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;What&lt;/strong&gt; are we hiding &lt;strong&gt;for&lt;/strong&gt;? He stepped through the screen&#xA;  of grass on to the little open space that led to the narrow neck.&#xA;  [William Golding. Lord of the Flies (1954)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ральф обернулся. &lt;strong&gt;Чего это&lt;/strong&gt; мы прячемся? Он вышел из заслона травы на&#xA;  голое место перед перешейком. [Уильям Голдинг. Повелитель мух (Е.&#xA;  Суриц, 1985)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example of &quot;такому, как&quot; (also &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?mycorp=%28lang%3A%22eng%22+%7C+lang_trans%3A%22eng%22%29&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=24681277&amp;amp;mysentsize=1608376&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=para&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;req=%F2%E0%EA%EE%EC%F3+%EA%E0%EA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;from Russian National Corpus&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Там кому попало выдают паспорта! А я б, например, &lt;strong&gt;не выдал такому, как&#xA;  вы&lt;/strong&gt;! Глянул бы только раз в лицо и моментально отказал бы! ― кот до&#xA;  того рассердился, что швырнул паспорт на пол. [М. А. Булгаков. Мастер&#xA;  и Маргарита (1929-1940)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Whereas I, for instance, &lt;strong&gt;wouldn't issue one to the likes of you&lt;/strong&gt;! Not&#xA;  on your life I wouldn't! I'd just take one look at your face and&#xA;  instandy refuse! ' The cat got so angry that he flung the passport on&#xA;  the floor. [Mikhail Bulgakov. Master and Margarita (Richard Pevear,&#xA;  Larissa Volokhonsky, 1979)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8219" LastEditorUserId="8219" LastEditDate="2018-06-27T10:05:44.627" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T10:05:44.627" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16687" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16691" CreationDate="2018-06-26T15:44:51.640" Score="1" ViewCount="52" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;. A friend of mine wrote &lt;code&gt;я не интересуюсь, кто с кем играет&lt;/code&gt; (in a football match). Normally, &lt;strong&gt;интересоваться&lt;/strong&gt; is followed by a word in the instrumental case. When the word is a noun, an adjective or a pronoun, there's no difficulty about declining it. But, in this context, &lt;strong&gt;интересоваться&lt;/strong&gt; is followed by a completely new clause, which could be independent and not subordinate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe it's like &lt;strong&gt;надеяться&lt;/strong&gt;? &quot;Надеяться &lt;em&gt;на что&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, but if we are hoping for something described by a whole clause rather than a noun, &lt;em&gt;на что&lt;/em&gt; may be dropped. Like in &lt;code&gt;надеюсь, всё будет хорошо&lt;/code&gt;, rather than &lt;code&gt;надеюсь на то, чтобы всё было хорошо&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, is it a valid alternative to say &lt;code&gt;я не интересуюсь тем, кто с кем играет&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've previously noticed that a declined pronoun &lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt; may relate to an independent clause without any particular syntax connection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;путешествовать в этом году зависит &lt;strong&gt;от того&lt;/strong&gt;, сколько денег&#xA;  останется после ремонта чердака&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt;. The verb требовать normally is followed by genitive, but what if it is followed by a clause?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;They demanded me to rewrite the document.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они потребовали (от меня) переписать документ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-26T18:40:51.033" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T18:49:07.637" Title="Clauses after non-accusative verbs or то" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;clauses&gt;&lt;syntax&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16688" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-26T15:46:10.587" Score="3" ViewCount="315" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Es gibt &lt;strong&gt;nichts&lt;/strong&gt;, das ich mir &lt;strong&gt;nicht&lt;/strong&gt; leisten könnte!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;= There's nothing I can't afford!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just noticed this original German sentence with a double negative construction is for some reason translated (by a professional Russian translator, no less) into something as straightforward as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я все могу купить!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which makes me wonder if the use of double negation somehow doesn't sound idiomatic in Russian in an instance like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-06-26T16:23:52.533" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T23:21:53.690" Title="Double negation in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16689" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16688" CreationDate="2018-06-26T16:04:16.833" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's the &quot;нет ничего, чего (я/он/...) не мог бы (сделать/...)&quot; construction, which may, or in some cases (i.e. with some verbs) may not sound natural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case the translation by that template would be &quot;нет ничего, чего я купить бы не смог (or: чего я не смог бы купить)&quot;. To my taste, such construction in general sounds just a little bit dramatic, maybe, not just neutrally narrative, but it sounds all right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: There's also the variant &quot;нет ничего, &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt; (я/он/...) не мог бы (сделать/...)&quot;, but I don't remember whether it's considered 100% literary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastEditorUserId="10578" LastEditDate="2018-06-27T04:59:13.880" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T04:59:13.880" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16687" CreationDate="2018-06-26T16:13:41.540" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You'll get some pieces of textbooks yet, no doubt, but such constructions with words omitted but implied are possible, yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not only those two verbs may be involved. It could be: &quot;Я не знаю [того], кто с кем играет&quot;. Your examples: &quot;я не интересуюсь [тем], кто с кем...&quot;; &quot;надеюсь [на то, что] все будет хорошо&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, the use of the verb &quot;требовать&quot; quoted by you is more like the use of modal verbs in English: &quot;требовать сделать&quot;, &quot;долженствовать быть&quot; (that last one's rather poor example, but still possible).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T16:13:41.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16687" CreationDate="2018-06-26T18:49:07.637" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yes, it's absolutely valid and correct.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;путешествовать в этом году зависит от того, сколько денег останется&#xA;  после ремонта чердака&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first clause is incorrect, unless you've omitted the beginning. In this case the infinitive cannot function as a subject by itself, we need a conventional subject in a form of a noun, eg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Возможность&lt;/strong&gt; путешествовать в этом году зависит от того, сколько денег останется после ремонта чердака&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  or better still&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Возможность отправиться в путешествие&lt;/strong&gt; в этом году зависит от того, сколько денег останется после ремонта чердака&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;They demanded me to rewrite the document. - &#xA;  Они потребовали (от меня) переписать документ.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can append the subordinate clause with conjunction &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; and provisionally with indicative pronoun &lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt; inflected in Genitive&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они потребовали (от меня) (того), &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; я переписа&lt;strong&gt;л&lt;/strong&gt; документ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-06-26T18:49:07.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16692" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16693" CreationDate="2018-06-26T21:57:31.397" Score="8" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to my dictionary (Kenneth Katzner, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wiley.com/en-us/English+Russian%2C+Russian+English+Dictionary%2C+Revised+and+Expanded+Edition-p-9780471017073&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;), see attached pic,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/K26Q8.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/K26Q8.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;dictionary entry for pf. првредить&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think I should use the dative case after this verb. BTW, the повредить entry basically directed me to the вредить entry. Because of 'feeling cold', or indirect objects I can see why one would use dative case. But my friend from Kiev said to use the accusative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, should I use accusative for inanimate objects and dative for animate objects? For example :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I accidentally damaged one of my bedroom windows. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я случайно повредил одному из окон своей спальни. &#xA;   ... или... &#xA;  Я случайно повредил одному из окон в своей спальне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and for animate beings...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I accidentally damaged one of my plants in my garage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я случайно повредил одному из растений в своём гараже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aside question: is there a reference for which case of nouns go with which verbs? I usually rely on my dictionary but sometimes that fails and I don't want to ask the same question over and over, with just a different verb...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-06-28T07:52:32.353" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T20:27:19.517" Title="(по)вредить with accusative and/or dative" Tags="&lt;word&gt;&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16693" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16692" CreationDate="2018-06-26T23:13:53.727" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This verb accepts both accusative and dative, but its meaning depends on the case used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;повредить кому-нибудь (чему-нибудь)&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;to hurt or harm smb./smth.&amp;quot;, as opposed to &amp;quot;to help smb./smth.&amp;quot;. This is about indirect, circumstantial or long-term damage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;повредить что-нибудь&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;to damage something&amp;quot;. This is rarely if ever used with animate objects, and means directly inflicting some damage as an immediate result of the action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Не заправляй автомобиль некачественным бензином, не то повредишь двигателю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't fill up your car with low quality gas. This will hurt the engine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is about long-term damage. If you fill your car with low quality gas, it likely won't stall or damage the engine immediately, but will shorten its life if you keep doing this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Не заправляй дизельный автомобиль бензином, не то повредишь двигатель.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't fill up your diesel car with gasoline. This will damage the engine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is about immediate damage. If you fill a diesel car with gasoline, you'll damage the engine and will have to tow the car to the garage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both your examples you used the word &amp;quot;damaged&amp;quot;, this means your friend was right and you have to use the accusative here: &lt;em&gt;повредил растение&lt;/em&gt;. This would mean that you broke or burned it, or inflicted some other kind of immediate damage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you were to say that you hurt your plant, like in put it away from the sunlight or were keeping forgetting to water it, then you should have used the dative: &lt;em&gt;повредил растению&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T15:14:03.787" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16692" CreationDate="2018-06-27T07:14:46.923" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;. In addition to Quassnoi's reply it can be said that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;повредить + Dative WITHOUT Accusative&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (unlike in my example below) means &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to (cause/inflict) harm&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, whereas &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;повредить + Dative WITH Accusative&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (like in my example below) means &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to damage&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to my experience in the sense of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to (cause/inflict) harm&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (that is without a direct object) it is the &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt; form &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;НАвредить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; of the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;вредить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which is used more frequently, rather than &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;ПОвредить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In its &lt;em&gt;imperfective&lt;/em&gt; aspect the verb always has the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to (cause/inflict) harm&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and can't incorporate direct object, thus being &lt;em&gt;intransitive&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the verbs &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;вредить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;навредить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; form an &lt;em&gt;imperfective/perfective&lt;/em&gt; pair of the same &lt;em&gt;intransitive&lt;/em&gt; verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;повредить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; on the other hand despite partially overlapping with them in meaning can be &lt;em&gt;transitive&lt;/em&gt; and has its own imperfective form &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;повреждать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which semantically sets it apart from the above mentioned pair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me the data in the dictionary from which the screen shot is taken, indicating &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;повредить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as the &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt; form of the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;вредить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, seems inaccurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There're many verbs with multiple case governance depending on the type of their relationship to an object, it is only in relation to a DIRECT object that transitive verbs govern Accusative (and sometimes Genitive).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Повредить&lt;/strong&gt; can have at least 3 objects in one sentence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Во время задержания полицейские &lt;strong&gt;повредили&lt;/strong&gt; дубинкой&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;indir. object, Inst.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; плечо&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;DIR. OBJECT, ACC.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; демонстранту&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;indir. object, Dat.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;is there a reference for which case of nouns go with which verbs?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's one source of such reference i'm aware of, which is &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Словарь сочетаемости слов русского языка&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; by П. Н. Денисова, В. В. Морковкина (it's available online as pdf, the exact address is searchable with Google)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-06-28T10:14:05.970" LastActivityDate="2018-06-28T10:14:05.970" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16695" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16696" CreationDate="2018-06-27T19:19:46.637" Score="5" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just wrote in an IM:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот бы и мне туда! &lt;strong&gt;Неужели&lt;/strong&gt; когда-нибудь простые люди тоже смогут летать на Луну?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here I'm entertaining the possibility of space travel in a rather hopeful tone: &quot;I wonder if the day will come when we ...&quot;. But then, I wondered how the use of &quot;разве&quot; would have compared. Does &quot;разве&quot;, on the other hand, impart a rather negative, sceptical flavour to my remark: &quot;Will the day ever come when we ...&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;{vs}: Вот бы и мне туда! Но серьезно, &lt;strong&gt;разве&lt;/strong&gt; когда-нибудь простые люди тоже смогут летать на Луну?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[ a relevant &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/12312/what-is-the-difference-between-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5-and-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8&quot;&gt;post&lt;/a&gt; ]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-06-27T20:36:22.253" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T20:36:22.253" Title="Nuances between &quot;неужели&quot; and &quot;разве&quot; in this specific context" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16695" CreationDate="2018-06-27T20:33:20.960" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're right and your remark shows deep understanding of these constructs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Неужели&lt;/em&gt; implies you've accepted the fact you were skeptical of but still express your surprise, &lt;em&gt;разве&lt;/em&gt; means you have not accepted it yet and are looking for additional confirmation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Он придёт с женой. — Неужели он женился? // &amp;quot;He will come with his wife&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;He's married? I'm surprised!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Он придёт с женой. — Разве он женился? // &amp;quot;He will come with his wife&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;I was not aware he was married, is he?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Неужели&lt;/em&gt; is more often than not a rhetorical question, &lt;em&gt;разве&lt;/em&gt; more often than not requires an actual answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-27T20:33:20.960" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16697" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16698" CreationDate="2018-06-28T11:43:33.960" Score="12" ViewCount="3086" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Старые привычки &lt;strong&gt;дают о себе знать&lt;/strong&gt;, да?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if this is a commonly used expression to convey the idea of &quot;Old habits die hard&quot;? If an automatic &lt;a href=&quot;http://context.reverso.net/translation/english-russian/old+habits+die+hard&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;translator&lt;/a&gt; is anything to go by, however, it doesn't seem to turn up any example of this phrasing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, is it more like &quot;Old habits are letting their presence be known / rearing their ugly heads&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-06-28T21:00:32.970" LastActivityDate="2018-08-22T20:06:34.973" Title="In Russian, how do you say &quot;Old habits die hard&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16698" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16697" CreationDate="2018-06-28T12:01:32.673" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, your translation is OK. Another one idiom (among translations you found) which is commonly used is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привычка - вторая натура&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following is also often used, but has a little bit different meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Горбатого могила исправит&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This expression describes a person with negative qualities, who don't want to correct the behaviour. It could be applied to negative habits too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2018-06-28T12:01:32.673" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16699" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16705" CreationDate="2018-06-28T14:12:22.763" Score="6" ViewCount="422" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is this Russian language teacher I knew way back, and took his classes. He's a bit of a stickler about forms of address. I expect to meet him again in person in a few months.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I address him - in Russian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know his first and last names, and his professional title (he's got a master's degree), but don't know his father's name. Local customs usually mandate referring to university teachers as 'professors' even if they aren't entitled to professorship, as a honorific - but I don't know if it's the same way in Russia. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10728" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T09:01:11.783" Title="How do you address a university teacher whose father's name you don't know?" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16699" CreationDate="2018-06-28T14:30:34.833" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, the full name of the professor is the main thing any Russian-speaking student must know ;-) BTW. There's a well-known Russian student joke about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when you don't, simply try to omit any addressing as much as you can (by using simply &quot;Вы&quot;). And if you can't avoid it then... just ask what's his patronymic name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2018-06-28T14:30:34.833" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16697" CreationDate="2018-06-28T14:44:50.000" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I also like this one, it can be used in this context: &quot;Охота пуще неволи&quot;. It's not used as often, but it really should be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10729" LastActivityDate="2018-06-28T14:44:50.000" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16702" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-28T19:21:14.900" Score="3" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я бы не сказала, что она сложнее сама по себе – &lt;strong&gt;кому какая легче дается&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm having a hard time wrapping my head around the construction/meaning of this phrase, or more specifically, &quot;кому&quot; and &quot;какая&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;=??? It's not that &lt;em&gt;A&lt;/em&gt; per se is necessarily more difficult – it comes more naturally to some people, after all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-06-28T21:12:14.693" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T18:18:17.297" Title="How to interpret &quot;кому какая легче дается&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16697" CreationDate="2018-06-28T20:23:22.543" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's another idiom which &lt;em&gt;in some cases&lt;/em&gt; could be used to denote an unhealthy fixation on old habits or cravings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как волка ни корми, он всё в лес глядит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which roughly translates into &quot;No matter how well you're gonna feed the wolf, he'll always keep glancing at the forest.&quot; or much more liberally, &quot;You can take the wolf out of the forest, but you can't take the forest out of the wolf.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it will always have negative connotations and often imply relapsing into a former, inferior, state while neglecting other people's good will and attempts to change one's nature for the better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, it will be applicable to e.g. a paroled thug disillusioned with the hardships of an honest life and contemplating their return to crime, or to a struggling chain smoker whose significant other has been desperately trying to transition them to vaping to no avail, but it won't apply to a jogger who fractured their arm and had to take a break from their daily routine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At any rate, it will almost certainly be perceived as something offensive if you tell that to someone straight out. Unless you both know each other well and you're confident that the recipient can take a joke!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/michelson_new/3856/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Reference&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9180" LastEditorUserId="9180" LastEditDate="2018-06-29T12:41:46.593" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T12:41:46.593" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16704" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-06-28T20:39:24.683" Score="2" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Выбери &lt;strong&gt;на чьей&lt;/strong&gt; ты &lt;strong&gt;стороне&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;= Choose which side you are on!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In expressing the idea of &quot;on which side&quot; in Russian, the phrase &quot;на чьей стороне&quot; is interposed by the pronoun &quot;ты&quot;. On the other hand, I'm assuming the addition of a verb such as &quot;стоять&quot; prevents this &lt;em&gt;separated&lt;/em&gt; construction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;{vs}: Выбери &lt;strong&gt;на чьей стороне&lt;/strong&gt; ты стоишь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I notice this kind of separated construction often appears with the particle &quot;ли&quot;, but I'm wondering if there is a grammatical rule that determines when such a construction is mandatory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-07-10T22:03:49.330" Title="In Russian, when to use an 'interposed' phrasing such as &quot;на чьей ты стороне&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16699" CreationDate="2018-06-28T22:55:20.593" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;A very natural pattern of speech is simply “Здравствуйте”, then making small talk using just “Вы” as necessary, then at some point something like “Скажите, пожалуйста, Александр — к сожалению, не помню Вашего отчества — …” — at which position he’s expected to speak it, you repeat the full name and continue with some question. A pause and a quizzical look are a substitute for the part between the dashes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also a Google and/or Yandex search for &lt;code&gt;&quot;Иван * Иванов&quot;&lt;/code&gt; is likely to solve the problem by itself if the name and surname are rare enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-06-28T22:55:20.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2173" CreationDate="2018-06-29T08:03:00.270" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian language has many lexical constructions which can be considered as &quot;fillers&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вводные слова (introductory words)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;видишь ли&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, здесь все не так просто - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;you see&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, everything is not so simple here&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Частицы (co-words making sentence more expressive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вы &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; залатили за аренду квартиры - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;would&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; you pay for renting an apartment&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10137" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T08:03:00.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16699" CreationDate="2018-06-29T11:36:56.113" Score="5" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You are not the only student the professor has, right? so just ask your peers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;That professor is not some stray bullet, he is a professor in some cafedra (кафедра) - a specific scientific branch within university. There usually is a list of all professors and docents there, sometimes there are plates with names on the doors, sometimes there are photos on the wall, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most universities have internet sites, and most of them have list of cafedras, their professors and their courses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Universities have governments, sitting behind students and teachers. Dean (декан) or chancellor (ректор) would be a top official, and the administration would be деканат or ректорат. You are expected to visit them with any your beginning problem to amend it before it grows out of proportions. There would be some clerks there who are not your direct bosses - ones responsible for other student years or branches, just secretaries, etc. Come there and ask.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if NOTHING else help, you may talk with the professor and then stop after saying his name showing your confusion. &quot;.....Иван эээ....&quot;. Showing your confusion and obviously asking for a prompt. If the professor is not a total jerk, he would usually suggest his middle name to you. But then do care to remember it, asking for it yet again would be like showing your incapability to learn :-D&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2019-07-02T08:02:50.400" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T08:02:50.400" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16704" CreationDate="2018-06-29T15:27:39.487" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, I would go with different translation in English for the first Russian sentence, smth. like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Choose your side (in the conflict&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Choose the side you support&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the second Russian sentence the best translation would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Choose where are you standing&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, the first sentence has a somewhat idiomatic luggage, implying context of conflict, but the second uses verb &amp;quot;стоять&amp;quot; that is mostly used in context of &amp;quot;standing on your legs&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the first sentence should be written as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выбери, на чьей ты стороне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a complex sentence. It looks weird, because both parts are grammatically incomplete, but there are two of them, and they should be separated by a comma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that's nitpicking. As for the actual question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian connections between words are not regulated by their position, or, more precisely, position is second to inflections. In this particular case, &amp;quot;чьей&amp;quot; is controlled by &amp;quot;стороне&amp;quot; as both words are of female gender and in Preposition case. &lt;em&gt;Usual&lt;/em&gt;, i.e. default word order in a sentence is subject-verb-object. The verb in the second part of the first sentence is omitted, so it is subject-object. In part adjective-object, adjective is usually first. So, normally it should be &amp;quot;Выбери, ты на чьей стороне&amp;quot;, and it is perfectly fine. However! It is a good idea to specify, what should be chosen, i.e. what links the first part of the sentence and the second. It is &amp;quot;чьей&amp;quot;, i.e. what is to be chosen. And so this word is moved forward, and since it does not create ambiguity, it is also perfectly fine. There is not an iron-clad rule for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="334" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-07-10T22:03:49.330" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16702" CreationDate="2018-06-29T17:50:33.390" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;We do not know what the topic (referred to by the pronoun &quot;она&quot; is. I am going to assume it is &quot;работа&quot;, &quot;work&quot;. If so, then the utterance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я бы не сказала, что она сложнее сама по себе – кому какая легче дается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I would not say that it is intrinsically difficult. Different people find different kinds of work easier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a word-by-word breakdown:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кому--to whom, not in the sense to a specific person but in the sense &quot;to one&quot;, &quot;to each one&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;какая--&quot;what kind of&quot;, here serves as a sort of pronoun to refer to something of the feminine gender such as &quot;работа&quot;. Here it means &quot;a certain kind&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;легче--more easily&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;дается--yields (in the sense &quot;The door yielded easily to the pressure of his hand.&quot;), comes, gives, responds to effort&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the literal meaning is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To each one there is a kind of X which comes more easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastEditorUserId="4753" LastEditDate="2018-06-29T18:18:17.297" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T18:18:17.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16710" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16711" CreationDate="2018-06-29T18:27:39.777" Score="2" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Perhaps, (blah blah blah) –  &lt;strong&gt;no, on second thoughts, scratch that&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, this particular use of the verb &quot;scratch&quot; comes in handy in conversation when you suddenly realise mid-sentence that a little &lt;em&gt;re-direction&lt;/em&gt; in your thinking might be in order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do Russian speakers commonly express this idea colloquially?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T22:41:18.940" Title="In Russian, how do you say &quot;no, scratch that!&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16710" CreationDate="2018-06-29T18:47:06.383" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Возможно, (бла-бла-бла)... &lt;strong&gt;хотя нет, забудь (об этом).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, if you have your second thoughts ready, then continue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Возможно, (бла-бла-бла)... &lt;strong&gt;хотя нет, скорее...&lt;/strong&gt; (бла-бла-бла).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наверное, я приду... &lt;strong&gt;хотя нет, скорее&lt;/strong&gt; не приду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-06-29T18:55:09.257" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T18:55:09.257" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16692" CreationDate="2018-06-29T20:27:19.517" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it really necessary to deep dive into such nuances for a person learning Russian?&#xA;Повредить is in most cases used in accusative case and in most cases is used with inanimate objects. Like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Повредить окно, повредить двигатель, повредить плечо, повредить растение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я случайно повредил &lt;strong&gt;одно&lt;/strong&gt; из окон в своей спальне&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally don't think it can be said 'повредить двигателю', but 'повредить двигател&lt;strong&gt;ь&lt;/strong&gt;' or '&lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;вредить двигателю'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For animate objects use 'навредить' with dative case. For example:&#xA;'Навредить человеку, навредить животному, навредить здоровью(inanimate)'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10736" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T20:27:19.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16710" CreationDate="2018-06-29T20:50:26.753" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verbs &lt;em&gt;most&lt;/em&gt; usable for the translation of &quot;scratch that&quot; (1st person plural future tense, but also might be used in 2nd person singular/plural present imperative):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;забудем; оставим; пропустим (это)&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;on second thoughts&quot; might be translatable as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;(хорошо) подумав&quot; -- &quot;[now] having thought (carefully) [of that]&quot;; its close analogue: &quot;если подумать&quot; -- &quot;if you think [of that]&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;no,&quot; part might be translated as &quot;хотя нет&quot;, like in Sergey Slepov's &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/16711/10578&quot;&gt;answer&lt;/a&gt;, or it might be translated together with &quot;on second thoughts&quot; to the tune of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;no, on second thoughts,&quot; -- &quot;или нет,&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T20:50:26.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16714" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16710" CreationDate="2018-06-29T22:51:51.407" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Забей&lt;/code&gt; is also acceptable in casual speech, like in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хотя знаешь что, забей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other acceptable translation would be something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хотя знаешь, я тут подумал, проехали. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-06-29T22:51:51.407" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16697" CreationDate="2018-06-30T00:28:06.947" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why just not say: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;старые привычки не умирают&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it's well used expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="209" LastActivityDate="2018-06-30T00:28:06.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14957" CreationDate="2018-06-30T10:28:32.427" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;“&lt;em&gt;А&lt;/em&gt;” indeed translates the English “&lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt;”. Unlike “&lt;em&gt;но&lt;/em&gt;” and “&lt;em&gt;but&lt;/em&gt;”, it does not point out any contradiction. “&lt;em&gt;Никита принёс орехов, а Вася принёс огурцов&lt;/em&gt;” → “&lt;em&gt;Nikita brought some nuts, and Vasya brought some cucumbers&lt;/em&gt;”. There is no contradiction, real or implied. Better to say, there is no “conflict” in the ideas that needs to be resolved. The “conflict” of ideas may be present and therefore go (or not) into the translation (“&lt;em&gt;а мы думали, что вы всё сами принесёте&lt;/em&gt;” [in a sad voice, since they thought, on the contrary, it was our responsibility] → “&lt;em&gt;oh, we were so sure you would bring everything by yourself&lt;/em&gt;”), but it's not specified. After all, nobody's making yet an argument over the missed things, so there is no need to use “но”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike “&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;”, however, “&lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt;” does introduce a contrast, a switch of attention. One might say, “&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;” just adds information to the “table” that was already installed. “&lt;em&gt;А&lt;/em&gt;” installs a new “table”. In the sentence about the cucumbers, there is no point to add anything to the information that Nikita brought the nuts, so “&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;” would not go really well. But if I translate “&lt;em&gt;Nikita brought some cucumbers, and/but Vasya did not like them&lt;/em&gt;”, I might use either. Another example: “&lt;em&gt;Я пошёл к Васе, и мы с Васей пошли в цирк&lt;/em&gt;” (continuation) vs. “&lt;em&gt;Я пошёл к Васе, а с Васей приключилась беда&lt;/em&gt;” (the switch of context: “&lt;em&gt;I went to Vasya's, and it turned out Vasya was in trouble&lt;/em&gt;”). In the second sentence, I might also use “&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;”, so that the context would be the continued one: “&lt;em&gt;I went to Vasya's, and then he got in trouble&lt;/em&gt;”. Also: “&lt;em&gt;Я пошёл с Васей по грибы, а/и по дороге нам встретился Васин сосед&lt;/em&gt;”. The word would determine what I would feel about the second part, how I would perceive it, in which context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example (from a popular song): “&lt;em&gt;а мы любили, а мы могли свою любовь найти&lt;/em&gt; … etc”. Again, there's no contradiction with anything. But the “&lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt;” serves to introduce a new “table” on which we expose our ideas. The interesting part is that the previous “table” has not been mentioned, rather it's just the state by default.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastEditorUserId="8357" LastEditDate="2018-06-30T10:33:59.753" LastActivityDate="2018-06-30T10:33:59.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1407" CreationDate="2018-07-01T09:31:33.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;All previous answers miss the point.  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Охуенный&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;хуёвый&lt;/code&gt; mean different things because they are so similar to &lt;code&gt;отменный&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;дерьмовый&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Somebody took the adjective &lt;code&gt;отменный&lt;/code&gt; and made the taboo word &lt;code&gt;охуенный&lt;/code&gt;. Somebody else took the adjective &lt;code&gt;дерьмовый&lt;/code&gt; and made the taboo word &lt;code&gt;хуёвый&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also word &lt;code&gt;опизденный&lt;/code&gt; which means the same as &lt;code&gt;охуенный&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пиздец&lt;/code&gt; is made from &lt;code&gt;конец&lt;/code&gt; (тебе конец -&gt; тебе пиздец). In one OS made in one of the Soviet computation centers in mid '80s, there were, among others, two commands: КОН, exit either from the current command/subsystem or from the whole system, and ПИЗ, immediate exit from all subsystems and from the system, no matter what.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пиздатый&lt;/code&gt; is made from &lt;code&gt;поддатый&lt;/code&gt; (slightly drunk). Since it feels good to be in that state, the word &lt;code&gt;пиздатый&lt;/code&gt; means something good. Another word for becoming drunk is &lt;code&gt;захорошеть&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2018-07-01T09:57:44.317" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T09:57:44.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16718" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16721" CreationDate="2018-07-01T13:02:11.350" Score="3" ViewCount="342" Body="&lt;p&gt;After consulting a couple of dictionaries (that don't always agree with each other), I have found this list of translations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Brother-in-law:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;sister's husband: зять&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;wife's brother: шурин&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;husband's brother: деверь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;wife's sister's husband: свояк&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sister-in-law:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;brother's wife: невестка or золовка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;wife's sister: свояченица&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;husband's sister: золовка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, the word золовка appears twice (this is where my dictionaries disagree), and I have no translation for &quot;husband's sister's husband&quot;, &quot;wife's brother's wife&quot;, and &quot;husband's brother's wife&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can somebody please help med with corrections and additions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5375" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T14:00:38.850" Title="Brother-in-law and sister-in-law in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16718" CreationDate="2018-07-01T13:32:07.943" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no such thing like one-two-one correspondence between words in one language and another one, however, as of &lt;code&gt;золовка&lt;/code&gt;, to my knowledge it's always about husband's sister (while brother's wife is always &lt;code&gt;невестка&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also no obligation in any language to have specific term for any kind of relations. Actually husband's sister's husband can be called &lt;code&gt;зять&lt;/code&gt; which &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;stands&lt;/a&gt; for &quot;муж дочери, сестры, золовки или племянницы&quot;. However, I assure you that the majority of native speaker will have very hard times trying to answer this question out of the top of their head. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wife's brother's wife is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;невестка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; as well - the same word as for son's wife. There was also word &lt;code&gt;сношенница&lt;/code&gt; which was used for indicate relations between to men wife's, one can find it in Dal's &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F_(2-%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)._%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC_4_(1882).pdf/262&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dictionary&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сношени́ца, влд. тмб. жена деверя, жены двух братьев друг другу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but this one is obsolete, nobody uses it as of now. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those relationships were more important in older societies and therefore as of now this terminology is gradually getting erased from usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-07-01T13:37:46.753" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T13:37:46.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16720" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-01T13:33:06.483" Score="1" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сколько уже можно&lt;/strong&gt; болтаться там сзади?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume this is more or less an equivalent of the English phrasing:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How much longer {&lt;strong&gt;towards a point in time in the future&lt;/strong&gt;} are you going to do ...?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... said in a rather accusing tone. But what is the more literal interpretation of the phrase? Is it more like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;=??? How long {&lt;strong&gt;already / until now&lt;/strong&gt;} could you be lagging behind?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T15:45:04.497" Title="Сколько уже можно ...?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16718" CreationDate="2018-07-01T13:51:25.880" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/817794&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dictionaries&lt;/a&gt; are pretty unanimous in that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;золовка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is husband's sister. Some of them, including the Dahl's dictionary, add that it also could be a regional designation for brother's wife.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) husband's brother's wife = &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.milinda.ru/svadba/novaja-rodnja.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;невестка, сноха&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;жена жене брата мужа – НЕВЕСТКА, или СНОХА&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) wife's brother's wife = &lt;a href=&quot;http://fb.ru/article/99617/jena-brata-jenyi---eto-drug-tovarisch-i-snoha&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;сноха&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Жена брата жены – это сноха.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;c) husband's sister's (female cousin's) husband - &lt;a href=&quot;http://fb.ru/article/133959/kto-mne-muj-sestryi-muja-razbiraemsya-v-semeynoy-ierarhii&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;свояк&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если у вашего горячо любимого мужа есть родная сестра, то вам она,&#xA;  прежде всего, приходится золовкой. Если же она пребывает в браке, то&#xA;  ее муж вам доводится &lt;strong&gt;свояком&lt;/strong&gt;, ибо &lt;strong&gt;все мужчины, женатые на сестрах,&#xA;  имеют такое название&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почти у всех нас есть двоюродные сестры, которых мы очень любим и&#xA;  желаем им счастья. Рано или поздно они создают свои семьи, а ее&#xA;  родственники потом думают – &lt;strong&gt;муж двоюродной сестры кем приходится нам?&#xA;  Он точно так же является свояком, так как мужчины, женатые на сестрах,&#xA;  пусть и двоюродных, называются свояками&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So i guess the rule is that all sisters' husbands are &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;свояки&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and all brothers' wives are &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;снохи&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;невестки&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; for the same generation relatives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-07-01T14:00:38.850" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T14:00:38.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16720" CreationDate="2018-07-01T14:24:32.990" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literally — Сколько (for how long) [уже] можно (is it acceptable) болтаться сзади (to lag behind)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(with the implication that the amount of time for which it is permissible to lag behind has long elapsed)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This construct is a question that could be literal or rhetoric, only the latter sounds accusing. A child could ask a parent, “Сколько [мне] [уже] можно играть?” — “For how long may I play?” (“уже” would merely suggest that something has changed and the speaker expects a different allowance). However, if the parent were to say exactly the same (without “мне” obviously, or with “тебе”), that would be accusing the child of playing too much (and “уже” would play an emphasizing role).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like plain “можно”, it uses the dative case for the subject (something permits (whom?)): “Мне можно [есть] шоколад, но нельзя мёд” — “I can eat chocolate, but not honey” (presumably due to allergy).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastEditorUserId="9602" LastEditDate="2018-07-01T15:45:04.497" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T15:45:04.497" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16710" CreationDate="2018-07-01T22:41:18.940" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To highlight an oldish and somewhat bookish alternative: &lt;code&gt;впрочем&lt;/code&gt;. It basically means &quot;although&quot;, so&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таким образом, трампампамция коагулирует ингибитор ульмотрона, хм, впрочем, нет. Вычеркните все после слов &quot;таким образом&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The words &lt;code&gt;или нет&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;хотя&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;оставим&lt;/code&gt; convey the same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2018-07-01T22:41:18.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16724" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16727" CreationDate="2018-07-02T05:46:57.030" Score="4" ViewCount="219" Body="&lt;p&gt;The native people of southern Kamchatka are Itelmen. The arrival of Russian men around 1700 created a mixed group called Kamchadals. By 1800, the Itelmen languages were mostly extinct and the Russian language was dominant. Russian settlers had partially adopted the local fish diet, and Kamchadals built log homes in the Russian style. Since there were still few or no Russian women around, ethnic admixture continued. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to Nelson Hancock's paper &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cas.miamioh.edu/havighurstcenter/papers/hancock.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Regimes of Classification and theParadox of Kamchadal Heritage&lt;/a&gt; [sic], Kamchadal people well into the twentieth century used an obviously regional style of speaking. Perhaps it started out as a pidgin when Itelmen languages were still spoken, then became a dialect, but that is just my speculation. Hancock's informant calls her native speech &lt;em&gt;Kamchadalskii&lt;/em&gt; and reports being embarrassed about it in her youth: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We [Kamchadals] have an entirely different accent. A Russian shows up and you have to start speaking correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the characteristic markers of Kamchadal Russian speech?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="8359" LastEditDate="2018-07-02T19:14:46.863" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T19:12:20.467" Title="Kamchadalskii dialect" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16697" CreationDate="2018-07-02T08:13:09.163" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's also &quot;старого коня [or пса] новым трюкам не научишь&quot; (you can not teach an old horse/dog new tricks). Although it conveys a more pessimistic feeling of impossibility (e. g. they don't die hard - they don't die, period).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2018-07-02T08:13:09.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16724" CreationDate="2018-07-02T09:35:34.217" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Eh, that's pretty outdated. I'm from Kamchatka. Grew up there and lived there until I moved to California at 25. There aren't that many native people in Kamchatka percentage-wise, but certainly there are enough, especially in the north. All Itelmens and Koryaks speak Russian (and vast majority are completely fluent). Though they do teach native languages in rural parts in the North. They also have a few hours of local TV in Itelmen (local news, interviews with some craftsmen and such). It's not a pigeon, but a proper language. Granted, there's a chance of some locals in small villages maybe using occasionally Itelmen or Koryak words for some things, but they generally will be still speaking Russian. Reindeer herders how are more off the grid in their own world might speak Itelmen or Koryak with family or if they run into another herder, but they will speak proper Russian, albeit with some noticeable accent. So while there isn't any 'creole' type thing based in Itelmen and Russian, there is at least some hope that Itelmen and Koryak languages proper will survive. Though like with Native American languages, young people use it less and less.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;General population of course has a specific accent and it's quite different than Moscow one, but not to the extent of being a dialect. Also there's a lot of local slang (but that's normal for any language and any country) and words being used differently, but overall it's pretty standard Russian.&#xA;Like you wouldn't talk about NY or New HempSHA dialect vs West Coast, but rather of different accents.&#xA;As for accent, we don't extend any vowels. There's no &quot;оканье&quot; or &quot;аканье&quot; and the accent is never nasal. It's kind of a &quot;deep&quot; (as in low-pitched) accent with all vowels being short and reduction not turning &quot;o&quot; into &quot;aaaa&quot; or &quot;e&quot; into &quot;ииии&quot;.&#xA;Local slang is a different thing, but the words do not normally come from native languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2018-07-03T15:39:38.630" LastActivityDate="2018-07-03T15:39:38.630" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16724" CreationDate="2018-07-02T15:04:51.770" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here're some of the salient features of their dialect according to the paper &lt;a href=&quot;https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/foneticheskie-osobennosti-kamchatskih-govorov-na-materiale-govora-poselka-kovran&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ФОНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ КАМЧАТСКИХ ГОВОРОВ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ГОВОРА ПОСЕЛКА КОВРАН) (2007)&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;a href=&quot;http://archive.is/G2nuM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Малоземлина Оксана Владимировна&lt;/a&gt; (there're more nuances in the actual report, the material seems to come from older sources)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Consonants&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 [в] - sometimes sounds like the English [w]; sometimes drops between vowels (го'орил instead of гоВорил); at positions where the phoneme is devoiced into [ф] sometimes gets replaced with [х] (черкоХ instead of церкоФЬ, вэроХка instead of верёФка); soft phoneme is pronounced with the addition of [й] (ВЬЙАжут instead of ВЯжут, зиВЬЙОт instead of жиВЁт)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally soft labials and alveolars harden (поПЭРОк instead of поПЕРЁк, вРЭМА instead of вРЕМЯ, ДЭлаЛЫ instead of ДЕлаЛИ)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 There's supplantation between sibilants and fricatives/affricates already seen in some examples above [ш] with [с], [ж] with [з] (походиС instead of походиШЬ, Цо-то instead of Ч(т)о-то, Сйут instead of Шьют, дерЗал instead of дерЖал, ни раЖу instead of ни раЗу, ЖамйорЖну instead of ЗамёрЗну, Цетыре instead of Четыре)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 [й] between vowels can fall out (сделАУт instead of сделАЙУт, двойнАА instead of двойнАЙА)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vowels&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 [o] maintains its pronunciation in the first and second prestress syllables and on account of this their speech is classed as full o-ing, and it also does in the first poststress syllable. Unstressed prefix раз/с- is pronounced as роз/с-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 [и][ы] are mainly undistinguished by the speakers (бИл instead of бЫл, вЫлИ instead of вИлЫ) or being articulated as something in between like [и&lt;sup&gt;ы&lt;/sup&gt;] or [ы&lt;sup&gt;и&lt;/sup&gt;] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 There occurs sporadic labialisation of vowels whereby they devolve into [у] (бУвают instead of бЫвают, кУрыто instead of кОрыто, пУка instead of пОка, жабУла instead of забЫла)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The conclusion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таким образом, проанализированный материал позволяет сделать следующие&#xA;  выводы:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  1. Говор двуязычных ительменов п. Ковран является окающим.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2. Гласные Е, А после мягких согласных реализуются как [и] (иканье), так и е, а в некоторых случаях – как [а] (яканье).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  3. Яркой фонетической чертой является смешение звуков [и] и [ы], а также произношение среднего звука [и&lt;sup&gt;ы&lt;/sup&gt;] или [ы&lt;sup&gt;и&lt;/sup&gt;].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  4. Наблюдается спорадическая лабиализация гласных.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  5. Звук [в], как правило губно - зубной, но он может чередоваться с губно - губным [w].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  6. Фонема &amp;lt;л&gt; имеет четыре аллофона: типичные для литературного языка [л] и [л’], а также средненёбные [l] и [l’].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  7. Отмечается неразличение свистящих и шипящих звуков [c] и [ш], [з] и [ж], аффрикат [ч’] и [ц], совпадающих в [ц] ( т. е. цоканье).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;One other source which may be of interest to yourself is &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=sX7FAgAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA7&amp;amp;lpg=PA7&amp;amp;dq=%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=trVFEVUM5S&amp;amp;sig=VAp5K0pwXsSJjkMTYiMsbFKbOw0&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwilwtTn6f_bAhUpQpoKHfUxA6EQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%20%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;manuscripts of В.И. Иохельсон (V.I. Iochelson) about Itelmens&lt;/a&gt;, wherein the last chapter is dedicated to their dialect of Russian. The manuscript is available in the New York Public Library.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-06-14T19:12:20.467" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T19:12:20.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16728" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-04T06:36:30.220" Score="3" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда таланта нет, приходится &lt;strong&gt;брать упорством&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;=??? ..., you have to be persistent.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if &quot;брать + instrumental noun&quot; makes for some idiomatic expression?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T17:46:38.503" Title="How to interpret &quot;брать упорством&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16728" CreationDate="2018-07-04T06:42:00.633" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It does. The phrase means &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to conquer with perseverance&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Брать&lt;/strong&gt; here is &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;to conquer, to capture, to seize&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; in a military sense or simply &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;to take&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; which in English to the best of my knowledge can also have that meaning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a proverb:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Смелость города берёт&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which means that towns or castles can be captured with enough courage and bravery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T06:42:00.633" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16730" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-04T08:02:33.930" Score="3" ViewCount="104" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Думаю, люди &lt;strong&gt;бывают&lt;/strong&gt; совершенно &lt;strong&gt;разными&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;=??? People can be totally different (vary from person to person) sometimes.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;{vs}: 2) Думаю, люди &lt;strong&gt;могут быть&lt;/strong&gt; совершенно &lt;strong&gt;разными&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;{vs}: 3) Думаю, люди могут &lt;strong&gt;оказаться&lt;/strong&gt; совершенно &lt;strong&gt;разными&lt;/strong&gt; (по своим ...).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume  the 1st sentence with &quot;бывать&quot; means something along the lines of &quot;to each his own&quot;, but how does it compare with the 2nd and the 3rd?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an aside: Do &quot;бывать&quot; and &quot;оказаться&quot; always take the instrumental case, just as &quot;быть&quot; does?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-07-04T08:26:06.413" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T16:49:12.600" Title="Nuances between &quot;люди бывают разными&quot;, &quot;люди могут быть разными&quot;, and &quot;люди могут оказаться разными&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16731" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-04T09:25:39.923" Score="1" ViewCount="47" Body="&lt;p&gt;In expression в всей поездки I think всей is in the prepositional case. But what case is поездки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T10:36:47.583" Title="case of поездки in expression в всей поездки" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16730" CreationDate="2018-07-04T10:07:47.600" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Люди бывают совершенно разными. People are totally different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Люди могут быть совершенно разными. People can be totally different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Люди могуг оказаться совершенно разными. People may turn out to be totally different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first is a neutral opinion. The second is a supposition. The third shows how unexpected things can be.&#xA;Yes, the instrumental case is required.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T10:47:36.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16733" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16735" CreationDate="2018-07-04T10:25:51.020" Score="4" ViewCount="681" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have read somewhere that &lt;code&gt;смотри&lt;/code&gt; is an unfinished action while &lt;code&gt;посмотри&lt;/code&gt; is a completed action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That does not help when I'm thinking of usage scenarios. For example I was watching the movie &lt;strong&gt;Лёд&lt;/strong&gt; and there was a scene where the small girl tells her mother &quot;&lt;code&gt;Смотри!&lt;/code&gt;&quot;, which I understood to mean &quot;&lt;code&gt;Look!&lt;/code&gt;&quot;. So how do you classify that as either complete or incomplete when it hasn't even started?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10407" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-07-04T12:01:27.433" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T16:02:34.917" Title="What is the difference between &quot;посмотри&quot; and &quot;смотри&quot;" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16731" CreationDate="2018-07-04T10:36:47.583" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;В всей поездки&quot; is ungrammatical. Did you mean &quot;во всей поездке&quot;? Then it's Locative. Could also be Genitive: &quot;(из) всей поездки&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the declension charts for &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;весь&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;поездка&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T10:36:47.583" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16733" CreationDate="2018-07-04T10:44:29.063" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say that &quot;смотри&quot; is used for immediate action. E.g. when something funny is happening. And &quot;посмотри&quot; is used for a future action. E.g. when you recommend a movie, or ask to take a look at some document. Something like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that you can say &quot;посмотри&quot; for an immediate action, and in most cases it would sound ok. But saying &quot;смотри&quot; for a future action sounds weird and would probably be understood as &quot;Look at it now&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T10:44:29.063" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16733" CreationDate="2018-07-04T11:22:41.283" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Смотри&lt;/strong&gt; is a call for immediate action. &lt;strong&gt;Посмотри&lt;/strong&gt; is more calm and polite:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Смотри! = Look!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Посмотри мою статью = Have a look at my article.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian imperative is quite complex when it comes to aspect. All nuances would be impossible to list in a short post.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russianlearn.com/grammar/category/the_imperative_mood&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MasterRussian article&lt;/a&gt; (see &quot;Usage of the Imperative&quot; halfway down the page)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mitwpl.mit.edu/open/sub16/Grinsell.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Timothy W. Grinsell. Russian Imperfective Imperatives&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/7329/2104&quot;&gt;Imperfective or perfective aspect for imperative&lt;/a&gt; (related SO question)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2#24&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2.4 Вид (rusgram.ru)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramdict.ru/conjugation/symbols#para18&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Помета §18 в &quot;Грамматическом словаре&quot; А. А. Зализняка.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T11:22:41.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16733" CreationDate="2018-07-04T15:09:23.313" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indeed, &quot;смотри&quot; means the unfinished action, but not necessary the action that's going to happen right now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of the meanings, prevailingly colloquial and possibly requiring certain intonation and (or) words:&#xA;- &quot;смотри!..&quot; with intonation raising and lowering, /и/ drawn out: &quot;just you wait; watch yourself&quot;, with mildly confrontational/threatening connotation;&#xA;- &quot;ты смотри&quot; or &quot;смотри ты&quot; -- &quot;what a surprise; would you look at that&quot;; &#xA;- &quot;смотри там&quot; -- &quot;be careful/watchful (there); be on the watch (there)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your example means, almost literally: &quot;Turn your eyes there (and see something)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, &quot;посмотри&quot; means the action with a definite end/result to it:&#xA;- &quot;посмотри в книге/Гугле&quot; -- &quot;look it up in the book/Google&quot;;&#xA;- &quot;посмотри за ребенком&quot; -- &quot;watch the baby (for the period of time)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T15:09:23.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16733" CreationDate="2018-07-04T16:02:34.917" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Смотри&lt;/strong&gt; из typically about attracting attention to something &lt;em&gt;speaking for itself&lt;/em&gt;, while &lt;strong&gt;посмотри&lt;/strong&gt; is more about having a look at smth. and making (more or less deep) conclusions from that (approximately, &lt;em&gt;look&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;have a look&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T16:02:34.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16739" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-04T16:29:02.317" Score="5" ViewCount="385" Body="&lt;p&gt;The English proverb &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wikiwand.com/en/You_can%27t_have_your_cake_and_eat_it&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;You can't have your cake and eat it&quot;&lt;/a&gt; is apparently equivalent to the Russian one &quot;И рыбку съесть, и в воду не лезть&quot;. What's the exact meaning of the proverb &quot;И рыбку съесть, и в воду не лезть&quot;? How do Russian people interpret and use it (and in which circumstances)? Is it often or rarely used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10756" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T08:45:21.947" Title="What is the meaning of the proverb &quot;И рыбку съесть, и в воду не лезть&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16740" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16730" CreationDate="2018-07-04T16:49:12.600" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Люди бывают совершенно разны&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are totally different kinds of people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Люди бывают совершенно разны&lt;strong&gt;ми&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;People can behave totally differrent [in different situations].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Люди могут быть совершенно разными:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;People [suitable for that job] can be totally differrent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Люди могут оказаться совершенно разными:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;People may turn out to be incompatible (with each other. [e.g. in a marriage]) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;or (unexpectedly) not suitable for some task.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T16:49:12.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16741" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16739" CreationDate="2018-07-04T17:01:45.023" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literally &quot;и рыбку съесть, и в воду не лезть&quot; means &quot;eat a fish without getting wet [without going into water]&quot;. There are lots of semantic equivalents, some of them vulgar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of those vulgar ones has the same first part of the phrase as your example: &quot;и рыбку съесть&quot; -- &quot;to [both] eat a fish&quot; and often is quoted only by the first part (completely appropriate by itself!). So, when you hear someone using that part of the phrase, chances are one's having a rude expression in mind (but often from &quot;high&quot; moral ground, too, i.e. &quot;pointing out the smartarse&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T17:01:45.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16728" CreationDate="2018-07-04T17:46:38.503" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Other similar examples would be: &quot;брать измором&quot; -- &quot;to wear down (the issue, person, etc.)&quot;; &quot;брать нервом&quot; (oldish; used in 1930s &quot;Вратарь республики&quot;) -- &quot;to do/achieve by the strength of spirit, not by physical strength&quot;; &quot;брать нахрапом&quot; -- &quot;to get/achieve (something) by being extremely pushy&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-04T17:46:38.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16743" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16744" CreationDate="2018-07-05T00:52:22.693" Score="5" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am having trouble parsing and understanding&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Кого там нелёгкая несёт?  Входите!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The context is that someone is interrupted by a knock on the door, and that is his response.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am especially puzzled by &lt;em&gt;нелёгкая&lt;/em&gt;.  According to morfologija.ru this can be either an adjective or a noun (in the nominative).  And the sentence seems to require that &lt;em&gt;нелёгкая&lt;/em&gt; is a noun.   However I can't find any English translation of the noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is &lt;em&gt;нелёгкая&lt;/em&gt;, and what is the meaning of the sentence?  Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10696" LastActivityDate="2018-07-05T04:12:53.163" Title="Кого там нелёгкая несёт?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16743" CreationDate="2018-07-05T04:12:53.163" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Нелегкая&quot; (adj.) literally means &quot;not light [i.e. heavy]&quot; and is used primarily in the sense of &quot;not easy, hard, complicated&quot; (life, choice, subject).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the context of this old saying &quot;нелегкая несет&quot;, though, &quot;нелегкая&quot; means the same as &quot;нечистая&quot;, i.e. it's an old-times euphemism for &quot;devil&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &quot;who [the devil] is there? enter&quot;; &quot;what have [devils] brought here? enter&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-05T04:12:53.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16745" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-06T03:20:11.527" Score="3" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;партнер &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; поединкам&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Context: The speaker was jokingly mentioning someone he often has spars with.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; of using the preposition &quot;по&quot; does not come naturally to me: &quot;a partner &lt;strong&gt;for&lt;/strong&gt; quarrels&quot;? Could it be that &quot;партнер&quot; often, if not always, takes &quot;по&quot; as a preposition?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an aside: Does &quot;партнер по поединку&quot; in the dative singular work just as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-07-08T23:24:25.073" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T23:45:13.567" Title="Why use the preposition &quot;по&quot; in &quot;партнер по поединкам&quot;?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16745" CreationDate="2018-07-06T05:45:32.097" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the meanings the &quot;по&quot; conveys is &quot;pertaining to&quot;. &quot;Заседание по поводу [чего-то]&quot; -- &quot;meeting to discuss/celebrate [something]&quot;; &quot;работы по данной теме&quot; -- &quot;[scientific] works on this subject&quot;; &quot;сосед по [лестничной] площадке&quot; -- &quot;neighbour whose flat's located at the same [stairs] landing&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The aside: your case with dative singular wouldn't work, I think, you'd want &quot;партнер/противник &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; поединке/игре&quot; here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-06T05:45:32.097" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16747" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-07T08:33:33.347" Score="4" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;отобрать &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; тебя что-то&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The preposition &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt; usually refers to something being in someone's possession, so this phrase should literally translate as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;take away &lt;strong&gt;your&lt;/strong&gt; (something/belongings/house/car)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I wonder if native speakers perhaps see it as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;take away (something/everything/a car) &lt;strong&gt;from&lt;/strong&gt; you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... even though the preposition &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt;, in and of itself, does not have the sense of &quot;from/&lt;strong&gt;от&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-07-09T23:59:29.223" Title="How do Russian speakers see the preposition &quot;у&quot; in &quot;отобрать у тебя что-то&quot;?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16739" CreationDate="2018-07-07T11:53:48.993" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, I think that this particular one has more accent on the fact that you get your fish and you haven't done anything to catch that, so sneaky lucky bastard you. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have a bunch of other possibilities with the same beginning about a fish, which carry &quot;&lt;em&gt;you want too much at the same moment&lt;/em&gt;&quot; sense. Note that these phrases below mention completely different activities, on contrast with both your examples with the fish and the cake, which might be essential difference. One of them is that vulgar one mentioned already: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И рыбку съесть и на хуй сесть (to eat a fish and to sit onto a [someones] dick).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rhyme and the rude word multiply the comic effect of the phrase. Another one which is completely fine for children (well, because children are usually the ones who want too many) would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И рыбку съесть и на люстре покататься (to eat a fish and to ride a&#xA;  chandelier).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the sense &quot;there would be too many pleasures for you&quot; I'd use (and I do use) the 2 last ones. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1833" LastEditorUserId="1833" LastEditDate="2018-07-08T08:45:21.947" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T08:45:21.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16751" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16759" CreationDate="2018-07-08T00:49:44.610" Score="8" ViewCount="776" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; Please let me know if this question is off-topic, so it can be closed or deleted. I am afraid that it either focuses too much on Russian culture, or alternatively is asking for a translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background/Context:&lt;/strong&gt; I often find that, at least when interacting with me as a foreigner, my Russian friends are what I believe to be &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.becomingminimalist.com/danger-here/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;too polite&quot;&lt;/a&gt; to me. In particular, it is often my impression that they readily say white lies to me because they think that is what I want to hear. Russian culture seems to place a very large importance on &quot;hospitality&quot;, and pleasing the guest no matter what seems to fall under the umbrella of the Russian notion of &quot;hospitality&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of whether or not any of the above is true, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; How would could I ask a Russian to &quot;not just say what you think I want to hear&quot; or to &quot;cut the shit&quot; or to &quot;forego white lies&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only things I could think of are complicated constructs using unwieldy relative clauses, and which seem like they would most likely be misinterpreted due to me using the wrong word order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пожалуйста, не скажи мне просто то, что ты думаешь, что я хочу слышать, а правду.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не соври мне дела потому что ты думаешь, что я хочу услышать такие дела.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.correctenglish.ru/reference/idioms/white-lie/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; seems to offer some Russian expressions which are similar to the English idiom &quot;white lie&quot;, but since they are Russian idioms I don't feel that I know how to use them properly to communicate what I want to say. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;невинная ложь  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ложь во спасение  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мелкая ложь с целью пощадить чьи-либо чувства  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;специально солгать кому-либо, чтобы кого-либо не расстраивать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it be possible to give some examples of how to use these expressions idiomatically to convey the sort of meaning stated above?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is just the linguistic issue. There is also the issue of navigating our different cultural perspectives. To me, the lack of authenticity/authenticity prevents us from getting to know each other and therefore weakens our friendship. But to them, it probably seems like they are being very good hosts, and therefore strengthening the friendship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T18:05:13.687" Title="How to ask someone to be less polite and not use white lies?" Tags="&lt;культура&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16751" CreationDate="2018-07-08T01:04:38.247" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Давай напрямую&quot;/&quot;давай напрямоту&quot; or &quot;говори прямо&quot; are good expressions, literally meaning &quot;Speak directly&quot;, &quot;be direct&quot;. &quot;Напрямую&quot; can be translated as &quot;straight up&quot;. There is also very casual expression &quot;давай по чесноку&quot; where &quot;по чесноку&quot; is a replacement for &quot;по-честному&quot;, meaning &quot;let's be honest&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-07-08T18:05:13.687" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T18:05:13.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16753" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-08T05:06:17.913" Score="2" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В Париже для меня слишком жарко! &lt;strong&gt;Нет уж&lt;/strong&gt;, лучше Женева, там прохладнее!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if  &quot;нет уж&quot; serves to emphasise the comparative &quot;лучше&quot; in some way? How is this expression usually used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T18:16:41.297" Title="How to interpret &quot;нет уж&quot; in this context?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16753" CreationDate="2018-07-08T05:46:19.693" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you're right, &quot;нет уж&quot; expression serves as an intensifier, introducing a (somewhat) emotional attitude of the speaker into the phrase, sometimes even as a joke. It does not add anything to the core meaning of the phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Think of its meaning as of: &quot;oh no(, you don't); no way you'd get me/him/her/us/... (agreeing to smth., doing smth., etc.); me no fool&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T05:46:19.693" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16755" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16757" CreationDate="2018-07-08T06:31:39.537" Score="1" ViewCount="65" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Были бы&lt;/strong&gt; они поумнее, могли бы сами так делать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if a past-tense verb followed by &quot;бы&quot; always makes for a conditional clause without &quot;если&quot;? Is there any difference in register and whatnot, compared to the usual conditional clause with &quot;если&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T08:38:12.867" Title="&quot;Были бы они поумнее&quot;: How does this conditional clause compare with the usual &quot;если&quot; conditional?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16751" CreationDate="2018-07-08T06:33:04.707" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Will add my 5 cents here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давай [вот] без этого&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;literally means &quot;&lt;em&gt;let's [speak] without that&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Of course fits only for communication between friends. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Ой,] давай попроще&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &quot;&lt;em&gt;[oh], let's [speak] simpler&lt;/em&gt;&quot; again should be used in very informal situations. And I'd say this one is very colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давай без формальностей / Обойдёмся без формальностей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which can be translated as &quot;&lt;em&gt;let's [speak] without formalities / we can do it without formalities&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and could be used in a broader range of contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, these 3 would be used just to tell people to stop being polite and take formalities away. Not sure if that's applicable for white lies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1833" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T06:33:04.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16755" CreationDate="2018-07-08T06:47:05.497" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;That adds a bit of contempt and disregard I'd say. One more thing adds up in this particular phrase: the prefix &quot;по&quot; in &quot;поумнее&quot;. We can compare&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если бы они были умнее, то могли бы сами так делать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;pretty neutral, however a bit of disregard exists even there, but that's the usual thing in phrases like &quot;if they had been smarter&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если бы они были поумнее, то могли бы сами так делать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;adds up to that. And then your phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Были бы они поумнее, могли бы сами так делать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that the maximizing of that disregarding effect is reached exactly because you throw some words &quot;если, то&quot; away. The phrase start to sound as if it was spoken by an old woman from a village. And if she knows how to make the things properly....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1833" LastEditorUserId="1833" LastEditDate="2018-07-08T08:38:12.867" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T08:38:12.867" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16758" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16755" CreationDate="2018-07-08T07:07:04.357" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regarding the grammar side, use of &quot;если&quot; in such constructs is sort of optional (implied) in conversational speech, but expected in formal/literary speech. Regarding the meaning itself, both &quot;если бы были поумнее&quot; and &quot;были бы поумнее&quot; are equivalent. Old-ish/out-of-use equivalents: &quot;ежели/кабы [как бы] были поумнее&quot;; if you want to (jokingly) parade your (Church Slavonic) erudition: &quot;аще были бы поумнее&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T07:07:04.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16751" CreationDate="2018-07-08T08:12:11.447" Score="5" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Говори без прикрас (talk without embellishing the facts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Режь правду-матку (say the unembellished, naked truth, it is implied that this truth may hurt and you accept it)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Давай по чесноку (informal, plays on the similarity between честно (honest) and чеснок (garlic))&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;По гамбургскому счету&lt;/a&gt; (tell something as it is, based on hard facts)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1640" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T08:12:11.447" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16760" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16761" CreationDate="2018-07-08T19:12:53.620" Score="4" ViewCount="762" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering how you can say in Russian that you are moving into a new house/apartment or moving to a new city (to live there, not to visit it). I find it difficult to find a good translation for this, since in most contexts &quot;to move&quot; means something else. Moreover, without asking a native speaker it's hard to check whether a word has the right connotation or not (for example, &quot;to migrate&quot; would have a similar meaning but different connotation to &quot;to move&quot;). Could someone help me translate this? Thanks in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10420" LastActivityDate="2019-09-04T17:49:25.043" Title="How to say &quot;moving in to a new house&quot;" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16761" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16760" CreationDate="2018-07-08T19:21:19.250" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb is переехать &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Переехать в новый дом, в новую квартиру, переехать в другой город.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb is perfective. Its imperfective pair is переезжать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;За свою жизнь они несколько раз переезжали с квартиры на квартиру, с места на место.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T19:21:19.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16745" CreationDate="2018-07-08T23:45:13.567" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, партнёр is often followed by по:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;партнёр по бизнесу = business partner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;партнёр по танцам = dancing partner&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;коллега по работе = work colleague&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Singular (партнёр по поединку) would mean a partner just for the current round / fight, whereas партнёр по поединкам (plural) means a regular sparring partner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-07-08T23:45:13.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16763" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-09T02:36:35.037" Score="6" ViewCount="184" Body="&lt;p&gt;С английским выражением «he raised his eyebrow&lt;strong&gt;s&lt;/strong&gt; / he didn't even raise his eyebrow&lt;strong&gt;s&lt;/strong&gt;» обязательно следует, строго говоря, поставить существительное «eyebrows» во множественное число.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С точки зрения логики и имеет больший смысл повести обеими бровями с удивлением при виде какого-то шокирующего события. Тогда тем более интересно, наоборот ли обычно бывает в русском языке:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;напр. «он и &lt;strong&gt;бровью&lt;/strong&gt; не повел» вм. «он и &lt;strong&gt;бровями&lt;/strong&gt; не повел»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или, возможно, единственное «бровью» употребляется только в отрицательном предложении, чтобы подчеркнуть, что он даже не потрудился пошевелить единой бровью? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Викисловарь, точнее английская &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Википедия&lt;/a&gt;, показывает обе версии, не упоминая о возможной разнице в использовании.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2018-07-11T09:10:42.980" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T13:36:31.350" Title="«повести бровью» vs. «повести бровями»" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16764" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16767" CreationDate="2018-07-09T05:00:51.503" Score="3" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какая тут связь с борщом? Есть ли похожие примеры?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T14:39:52.913" Title="Переборщить - исходное значение?" Tags="&lt;фраза&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16765" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16763" CreationDate="2018-07-09T05:04:41.817" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;В английском единственное число тоже употребляется: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I led him through into the dining-room, and when he saw the&#xA;  nearly-eaten steak on a plate the dear man did not even &lt;strong&gt;raise an&#xA;  eyebrow&lt;/strong&gt;.Barnard, Robert THE DISPOSAL OF THE LIVING (2002)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/raise-an-eyebrow&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/raise-an-eyebrow&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В русском выражении &quot;&lt;em&gt;и бровью не повёл&lt;/em&gt;&quot; с отрицанием - да, есть усилительный оттенок &quot;&lt;em&gt;даже одной&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Похожий пример из английской книжки: '&lt;em&gt;do not say a thing or even &lt;strong&gt;move an eyebrow&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=Z3QgAQAAMAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA57&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;pgis=1&amp;amp;dq=even-move-an-eyebrow&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U35JUu8hq_nO9IsCgqTy4wtKBrSmA&amp;amp;edge=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=Z3QgAQAAMAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA57&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;pgis=1&amp;amp;dq=even-move-an-eyebrow&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U35JUu8hq_nO9IsCgqTy4wtKBrSmA&amp;amp;edge=0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-07-09T05:04:41.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16747" CreationDate="2018-07-09T05:21:44.867" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The things can be looked at differently, and I'll try to explain it.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I'll begin with another verb, &lt;strong&gt;брать у&lt;/strong&gt; ('take from'). The idea of how the preposition &lt;code&gt;y&lt;/code&gt; denotes possession is following: &lt;code&gt;y&lt;/code&gt; actually means &quot;near, at&quot;, so&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;у стены&lt;/strong&gt; means '&lt;em&gt;at the wall, near the wall&lt;/em&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's why&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;у Петра&lt;/strong&gt; actually means '&lt;em&gt;at Peter's&lt;/em&gt;'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;У Петра есть машина&lt;/strong&gt; is '&lt;em&gt;At Peters there's a-car&lt;/em&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я брал книги у Петра&lt;/strong&gt; is something like '&lt;em&gt;I took books at Peter's.&lt;/em&gt;'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if we speak about &lt;strong&gt;отобрать у&lt;/strong&gt;, it's almost the same, with an interesting exception of the prefix &lt;strong&gt;ото-&lt;/strong&gt; which is a positional variant of the prefix &lt;strong&gt;от-&lt;/strong&gt; derived from the preposition &lt;strong&gt;от&lt;/strong&gt;, 'from'.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;What I mean is, this prefix &lt;strong&gt;ото-&lt;/strong&gt; corresponds to the English 'away' in &lt;strong&gt;take away from&lt;/strong&gt;. Since 'away' has almost the same meaning as 'from', it's the English manner of constructing the phrase &lt;strong&gt;take away from&lt;/strong&gt; which looks rather strange, it's almost the same as saying &lt;strong&gt;*take from from&lt;/strong&gt;, while the Russian &lt;strong&gt;отобрать у&lt;/strong&gt; is pretty logical, it's like &lt;strong&gt;*from-take at&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2018-07-09T05:21:44.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16764" CreationDate="2018-07-09T05:38:52.637" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;В словаре Даля написано, что &quot;боршить&quot; - означает &quot;&lt;strong&gt;лить без толку много, через край&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.(to pour a lot of liquid without limit)&#xA;А по мнению П.Я.Черных (автора историко-этимологического словаря русского языка), глагол &quot;переборщить&quot; связан со словом &quot;&lt;strong&gt;переборчивый&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; &quot;строгий в выборе, требовательный; &lt;strong&gt;привередливый&lt;/strong&gt;, разборчивый).(demanding, hard to please ), существительным &quot;перебор&quot;.&#xA;Связи с «борщом», как едой нет. There's no connection with the food &quot;borshch&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-07-09T05:38:52.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16747" CreationDate="2018-07-09T23:59:29.223" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; does have the sense of “from”:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4.&lt;/strong&gt; Указывает на источник получения, приобретения чего-л. &lt;em&gt;Взял книгу у товарища. Отобрали мячик у ребёнка. У соседей раздобыли немного муки. У кого ты это взяла? Сейчас же отдай назад! У кого нам помощи просить? Учись у товарищей. У кого бы взять денег в долг?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D1%83&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Большой толковый словарь&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-07-09T23:59:29.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16546" CreationDate="2018-07-10T19:20:17.413" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not a plural form of the accusative case; it's a singular form of the genitive case. Like 'нет кого\чего?' 'доказательства'. The plural form of the accusative case for this word is 'эти доказательства'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10775" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2018-07-12T14:34:42.783" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T14:34:42.783" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16771" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-10T23:15:51.827" Score="3" ViewCount="94" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как ни странно, но даже &lt;strong&gt;при таком отношении&lt;/strong&gt; к учебе, я умудрился сдать все экзамены за второе учебное полугодие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{vs}: Как ни странно, но даже &lt;strong&gt;с таким отношением&lt;/strong&gt; к учебе, я умудрился сдать все экзамены за второе учебное полугодие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From an English speaker's perspective, it is tempting to opt for the preposition &amp;quot;с&amp;quot; to express the idea of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;with&lt;/strong&gt; such attitude towards ...&amp;quot;. In this context, French, Italian and German also use the &lt;em&gt;with&lt;/em&gt; prepositions: &amp;quot;avec/con/mit&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if it is more common in Russian to choose the preposition &amp;quot;при&amp;quot;. How are these two nuanced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T00:28:36.987" Title="Nuances between the prepositions &quot;при&quot; and &quot;с&quot; in &quot;при таком отношении к учебе&quot; vs &quot;с таким отношением к учебе&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16772" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-11T00:09:32.363" Score="5" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кулинарный опыт кулинарным опытом&lt;/strong&gt;, но вы еще совсем дети.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Context: Two kids have outstanding culinary skills, especially given their young age.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose the phrase literally translates as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Culinary skills are &lt;strong&gt;in&lt;/strong&gt; culinary skills (&lt;strong&gt;only&lt;/strong&gt;) -- not to be  associated with anything else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if it basically means something along the lines of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You two have outstanding culinary skills, I'll grant you that, but &lt;strong&gt;leaving them aside&lt;/strong&gt;, you're still kids, all right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{or}: You two have remarkable culinary skills, I'll give you that, but &lt;strong&gt;it doesn't change the fact that&lt;/strong&gt; you're still kids through and through.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Q1): How do you paraphrase the expression if instead of the adjective &amp;quot;кулинарный&amp;quot; you have a genitive noun like &amp;quot;работы&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;??? &lt;strong&gt;Опыт работы опытом работы&lt;/strong&gt;, но ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Q2): Are there other similar expressions that use a deliberately &lt;em&gt;repetitious&lt;/em&gt; wording like this? Or can you apply this &amp;quot;nominative + instrumental&amp;quot; construction to virtually any context? For instance, can you express this part in bold with this construction?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I love music, but (&lt;strong&gt;for all my love of it&lt;/strong&gt;) I need to be more realistic in choosing my career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T16:57:49.267" Title="How to interpret the expression &quot;кулинарный опыт кулинарным опытом&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16773" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16771" CreationDate="2018-07-11T00:28:36.987" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;with,&lt;/strong&gt; then &lt;strong&gt;при&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;given.&lt;/strong&gt; “При”, the more official-sounding of the two, just states some condition, while “с” implies closer ties to the speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentences given sound 99% equivalent because “отношение к учебе” is internal to the student anyway. But compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не могу работать при таком свете — anyone could say this to complain about the workplace being poorly lit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не могу работать с таким светом — while this usage could be synonymous with the above in principle, this heavily implies that light is an essential part of the work, e. g. a photographer could say this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T00:28:36.987" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16772" CreationDate="2018-07-11T00:45:23.590" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would actually translate it as &quot;Having some culinary skills is fine and dandy, but you're still just kids.&quot;&#xA;So yes, it means that you are agreeing with some point that's been made, but you want to point out some larger context or some circumstances that make things a bit more complicated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a few expressions like that, one that comes to mind is &quot;Работа работой, а обед по расписанию&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the second part of the question - yes, you can apply it in a number of situations, though not sure about ANY context. For your example: &quot;Музыка музыкой, но мне надо как то деньги зарабатывть&quot;. &#xA;You can come up with any number of examples - like &quot;Любовь любовью, но у тебя экзамены на носу&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also in many cases (but not always) use &quot; - это, конечно, хорошо, но&quot; Instead of repeating the word or expression. Like so &quot;Музыка - это, конечно, хорошо, но мне надо как то деньги зарабатывть&quot; or in you original sentence - &quot;Кулинарный опыт - это, конечно, хорошо, но...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="10749" LastEditDate="2018-07-11T16:57:49.267" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T16:57:49.267" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16775" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-11T02:16:11.340" Score="3" ViewCount="88" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Казалось бы, ей пора повзрослеть, &lt;strong&gt;а она все такая же...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just received an IM from my girlfriend, in which she was jokingly alluding to her friend's too-&lt;em&gt;lenient&lt;/em&gt; attitude -- for someone in the modelling field -- towards her daily diet. My girlfriend typically sticks to a healthy diet to stay in shape, while her friend is less so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the context, I'm assuming it means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It would seem it's high time she grew up (and started paying more attention to what she eats), &lt;strong&gt;but she's always such a...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Q1): Is some adjective (not a short-form one) omitted at the end: &quot;such a + (adjective)&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Q2): Does &quot;все&quot; mean &quot;always&quot; here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Q3): Does &quot;же&quot; -- coupled with &quot;а&quot; -- serve as a contrasting particle? I find the position of &quot;же&quot; curious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-07-11T02:29:53.990" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T04:31:34.590" Title="How to interpret &quot;а она все такая же...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16772" CreationDate="2018-07-11T04:24:00.660" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &quot;[smth.] in nominative+instrumental&quot; construction is used in conversational speech, indeed, when you want to convey &quot;[smth.] is fine [by itself]/does as it must do, but ...&quot; or &quot;putting [smth.] aside, ...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mildly confrontational, somewhat assuming greater expertise on the speaker' part (perhaps correctly). &quot;It's right/fine of you to do/say/point out/be capable of [smth.], but [my greater expertise] leads to ...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T04:24:00.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16775" CreationDate="2018-07-11T04:31:34.590" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's omitted in such a phrase is expansion/explanation of the ellipsis to the tune of &quot;still same old self [compared with old self who was/did/looked/etc. ...]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, &quot;все такой/такая/такие же&quot; translates as &quot;same old self/selves&quot;, and the phrase is quite comprehensible without that expansion/explanation, anyway, going by the 1st part (here, food habits).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q2: &quot;все&quot; means &quot;still&quot; here&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Q3: &quot;же&quot; goes with &quot;такой/такая/такие&quot; and together those usually mean &quot;same as&quot;, but in the context those mean &quot;same as [old self]&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T04:31:34.590" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16778" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16779" CreationDate="2018-07-11T12:37:51.723" Score="2" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;На что я не люблю Артёма&lt;/strong&gt;, но сейчас мне бы пригодилась его помощь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would seem this part roughly means &quot;I can't stand him&quot;, but how does it get to have this meaning? The phrase &quot;я не люблю Артёма&quot; obviously means &quot;I don't like him&quot;, but what is the function of &quot;На что&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T12:55:28.873" Title="How does &quot;На что я не люблю Артёма&quot; mean &quot;I can't stand him&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16778" CreationDate="2018-07-11T12:55:28.873" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually &quot;I can't stand him&quot; is actually &lt;code&gt;я не выношу его&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;я не переношу его&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;я на дух его не могу терпеть&lt;/code&gt; - it's different (more passionate, if you will) than &quot;I don't like him&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of &lt;code&gt;на что&lt;/code&gt; the closes English equivalent would be &lt;code&gt;as much as&lt;/code&gt;, so the phrase altogether can be translated something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As much as I don't like Artyom I'd appreciate his help. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You don't need to understand the logic behind &lt;code&gt;на что&lt;/code&gt; in this meaning - it's just a phrase one should remember and understand when it used and when it doesn't. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T12:55:28.873" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16764" CreationDate="2018-07-11T13:45:38.140" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, the word &quot;&lt;em&gt;переборщить&lt;/em&gt;&quot; has a meaning like &quot;&lt;em&gt;to make something more than it needs&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. For example, when you are cooking a soup, you can add so much salt and in this case we can say: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я переборщил с солью&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (Which means &quot;&lt;em&gt;I added so much salt&lt;/em&gt;&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10776" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2018-07-12T14:39:52.913" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T14:39:52.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16781" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-11T14:21:23.043" Score="2" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that the possessor is in the genitive case but what is the difference between &lt;code&gt;машина девушки&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;машина у девушки&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;у девушки есть машина&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;я вожу машину девушки&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;я вожу машину у девушки&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-07-11T19:31:39.950" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T19:31:39.950" Title="&quot;Машина девушки&quot; and &quot;машина у девушки&quot; - what's the difference?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16781" CreationDate="2018-07-11T14:29:06.907" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The combinations of words &quot;машина&quot; and &quot;девушка&quot; in numbers 1 to 4 express approximately the same meaning -- &quot;car [which] belongs to girl [and I drive it]&quot;. Number 5, however, might sooner mean  &quot;I drive the car [in the company/firm/organisation] belonging to the girl&quot;. It would hardly relate to the girl's possession of the car itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T14:29:06.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16781" CreationDate="2018-07-11T15:12:02.637" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would assume that &quot;девушка&quot; in these sentences stands for someone's girlfriend though it could be some other girl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;машина девушки&lt;/code&gt; is most simple – &quot;my girlfriend's car&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;машина у девушки&lt;/code&gt; is usually used as a part of a sentence. Like &quot;а что за машина у девушки?&quot; — &quot;What kind of car does your girlfriend have?&quot; Or &quot;моя машина сейчас у девушки&quot; — &quot;My car is currently at my girlfriend's place&quot;/&quot;I gave my car to my girlfriend for now&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;у девушки есть машина&lt;/code&gt; – &quot;my girlfriend has a car&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;я вожу машину девушки&lt;/code&gt; - &quot;I drive the my girlfriend's car&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;я вожу машину у девушки&lt;/code&gt; – This doesn't sound naturally. I'd translate it as &quot;I drive a car at my girlfriend's place&quot; or something like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T15:12:02.637" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16784" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16785" CreationDate="2018-07-11T16:34:31.447" Score="3" ViewCount="198" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would I say &quot;3 journals were gathered&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;три журнала собрались? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;три журнала собралось?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More specifically, do i decline according to три or журнала?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I'm wrong, how should i make the sentence? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10593" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-07-11T19:25:32.177" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T16:05:56.637" Title="&quot;Три журнала собралось&quot; or &quot;собрались&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16784" CreationDate="2018-07-11T16:54:18.097" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because someone did the gathering, you need to use impersonal sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Собрали три журнала.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Было собрано три журнала.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You would use “собрались” where the subjects actually performed the action: Школьники собрались в классе; and “собралось” where, on the contrary, it just happened: В фильтре собралось много мусора.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for declension, you decline “три журнала” as a whole. Трёх журналов, трём журналам etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-07-11T16:54:18.097" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16786" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16784" CreationDate="2018-07-12T08:25:55.000" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Its' the &lt;em&gt;passive voice&lt;/em&gt; here, so It can't be &lt;em&gt;собралось/собрались&lt;/em&gt;, which is usually (if not always) about &lt;em&gt;people&lt;/em&gt; who gathered. Literally, it's &lt;strong&gt;Было собрано 3 журнала&lt;/strong&gt;. Depending on context it could also be &lt;strong&gt;Забрали три журнала&lt;/strong&gt; (где-то приготовленные). However, &lt;strong&gt;to gather&lt;/strong&gt; could be used here as a printing industry term: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gather&lt;/strong&gt; – To assemble folded signatures in proper sequence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pimw.org/about-us/the-printing-industry/glossary-of-print-terms/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.pimw.org/about-us/the-printing-industry/glossary-of-print-terms/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which corresponds to the Russian term &lt;strong&gt;подбирать&lt;/strong&gt; (отпечатанные) &lt;strong&gt;листы&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.apostrof.ru/pubs/2620.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.apostrof.ru/pubs/2620.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it could actually mean fulfillment of an intermediate operation in printing for 3 items in work:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Произведён подбор листов для трёх журналов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-07-12T08:31:36.200" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T08:31:36.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16763" CreationDate="2018-07-12T13:36:31.350" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both singular and plural are possible, but the usage will be different:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Plural: (удивленно) поднять &lt;strong&gt;брови&lt;/strong&gt; = raise the eyebrows (in surprise)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Singular: &lt;strong&gt;бровью&lt;/strong&gt; не повести, &lt;strong&gt;бровью&lt;/strong&gt; не пошевельнуть = not to bat an eyelid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note that singular case is a set expression, so you shall just memorize it that way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10780" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T13:36:31.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16788" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16791" CreationDate="2018-07-12T15:23:01.123" Score="3" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that the verb &lt;strong&gt;отказаться&lt;/strong&gt; requires the preposition &lt;strong&gt;от&lt;/strong&gt; before mentioning the thing to be refused.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the following word is a noun, then no problem. The noun declines into the genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;They refused the silver medal.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Они отказались от серебряной медали.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, what if we put a clause after &lt;strong&gt;от&lt;/strong&gt; rather than just a noun?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;They refused to receive the silver medal.&lt;/em&gt; Они отказались &lt;strong&gt;от того, чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; получить серебряную медаль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it work this way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-07-13T09:56:52.673" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T09:56:52.673" Title="&quot;Отказаться от&quot; before a clause" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16784" CreationDate="2018-07-12T16:05:56.637" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can't use собрались,because that presupposes animate nouns, people, but you can use собралось for things in impersonal sentence &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня &lt;strong&gt;собралось&lt;/strong&gt; целых три журнала.(accumulated).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the meanings of the verb is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Насчитываться, доходить до какого-либо количества, числа&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The declension of the noun depends on the numeral три. &#xA;Another variant is passive voice which has already been covered in the previous answers. Both &lt;strong&gt;было собрано&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;были собраны&lt;/strong&gt; are valid. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T16:05:56.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16790" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16792" CreationDate="2018-07-12T16:20:19.473" Score="9" ViewCount="489" Body="&lt;p&gt;Example sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я встал с дивана. I got up from the couch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the &quot;с&quot; change the pronunciation of the following &quot;д&quot; to &quot;т&quot;? Or, does it go the other way, with the &quot;с&quot; changing to sound like &quot;з&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я встал [з] дивана.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я встал с [т]ивана.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10668" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T14:08:16.040" Title="Does preposition &quot;c&quot; change pronunciation of following to unvoiced?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16788" CreationDate="2018-07-12T16:32:31.703" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're absolutely right with the Russian translation, only &lt;em&gt;to receive the silver medal&lt;/em&gt; is not a clause, it's an infinitive phrase. A clause should have a subject of its own. Anyway, with a real clause it will work just the same way, with &lt;strong&gt;от того, чтобы&lt;/strong&gt;, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они отказались &lt;strong&gt;от того, чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;он&lt;/em&gt; вручил им серебряную медаль. (They refused that he should give them the silver medal.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T16:32:31.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16792" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16790" CreationDate="2018-07-12T16:37:07.480" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general, &lt;em&gt;following&lt;/em&gt; consonants affect &lt;em&gt;preceding&lt;/em&gt; ones. So “с дивана” is [з], “сделал” is also [з], “отдохну́л” is [адахнул] etc. This is unlike other Slavic languages like Czech where it can be the other way round, or Ukrainian where the spelling is closer to pronunciation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastEditorUserId="9602" LastEditDate="2018-07-13T14:08:16.040" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T14:08:16.040" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16790" CreationDate="2018-07-12T18:01:13.417" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Russian language there are non-paired consonants (&lt;code&gt;л&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;м&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;н&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;р&lt;/code&gt;). Consonants are called paired if there exists a non-voiced counterpart: &lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;п&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;ф&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;д&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;т&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;з&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;c&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If &lt;code&gt;с&lt;/code&gt; occurs before &lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt; (like in &lt;code&gt;сбой&lt;/code&gt;), &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt; (like in &lt;code&gt;сгодиться&lt;/code&gt;), &lt;code&gt;д&lt;/code&gt; (like in &lt;code&gt;сдать&lt;/code&gt;) or &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt; (like in &lt;code&gt;сжиматься)&lt;/code&gt; - then it's pronounced like with voice, that is, as &lt;code&gt;з&lt;/code&gt;. The same holds true for the following non-voiced consonants: &lt;code&gt;п&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ф&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;т&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take notice that &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; is not in that list, so, for instance, in &lt;code&gt;свора&lt;/code&gt; the voicing (озвончение) does not occur. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2018-07-12T18:07:49.443" LastActivityDate="2018-07-12T18:07:49.443" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16794" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16795" CreationDate="2018-07-12T20:13:45.710" Score="2" ViewCount="277" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that many prepositions can be followed by &lt;strong&gt;то, чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; if we want to relate the preposition to a new sentence, rather than just a noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вместо того, чтобы...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Настаивать на том, чтобы...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Отказаться от того, чтобы...&#xA;etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, these may be set expressions. Apparently the conjunction чтобы cannot be used with just every preposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once I heard that &lt;code&gt;кроме того, чтобы&lt;/code&gt; is incorrect, and must be replaced with &lt;strong&gt;кроме как&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's my attempt at numbering a few usages of &lt;strong&gt;то, что&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;то, чтобы&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надеяться на то, что...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопреки тому, что...&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Удивиться тому, что...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жалеть о том, что...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надо, чтобы...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Maybe the correct conjunction must be memorized for each case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Still left an example with &lt;strong&gt;тем&lt;/strong&gt; (instrumental).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;strong&gt;рисковать&lt;/strong&gt; takes the instrumental case, thus we say &lt;code&gt;рисковать жизнью&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what if I want to risk a more elaborate sentence? Like &amp;quot;He risks losing his reputation&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though I could simplify and just say &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;Он рискует потерей своей репутации&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;, if I wanted to connect &lt;strong&gt;рискует&lt;/strong&gt; to another verb, could the sentence become &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;Он рискует тем, чтобы потерять свою репутацию&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Finally, if I want to say &amp;quot;on the brink of...&amp;quot; something other than a noun.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;On the brink of death&amp;quot; would be &lt;code&gt;на грани смерти.&lt;/code&gt; But &amp;quot;on the brink of losing his job&amp;quot; wouldn't be &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;на грани того, чтобы быть уволенным&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T06:52:24.207" Title="&quot;То, что&quot; or &quot;то, чтобы&quot;" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;чтобы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16794" CreationDate="2018-07-12T20:55:38.710" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;With &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;рискует&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; the subordinate clause is appended with the conjunction &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and assumes future tense &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;рискует тем, что потеряет&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, but another way of attaching a verb is to simply say &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;рискует потерять&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is correct but another, a more compact version, is again the simple &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;на грани быть уволенным&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, still this only seem to work for the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and maybe also &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;стать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-07-13T06:52:24.207" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T06:52:24.207" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16796" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-12T23:48:50.857" Score="3" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Intro:&lt;/strong&gt; Here is some text where the speaker is explaining their plans for their future education:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Диссертации только после магистратуры и на соискание (получение)&#xA;  степени. Если всё пойдёт по плану, то диссертация будет года этак&#xA;  через два.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To the best of my understanding, this should mean something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The dissertation occurs only after a master's degree and is for the purpose of receiving the (PhD) degree. If everything goes according to plan, I will start my dissertation something like two years from now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of the word order, most of this seems standard to me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; However, the part&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...то диссертация будет года этак через два.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;seems exceedingly strange to me. &lt;em&gt;First&lt;/em&gt;, shouldn't it be &lt;code&gt;та диссертация&lt;/code&gt;, or is &lt;code&gt;то&lt;/code&gt; here being used to replace a noun rather than an adjective? (I.e. not being used as a modifier pronoun?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Second&lt;/em&gt;, why are &lt;code&gt;года&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;два&lt;/code&gt; separated from each other here? Does this separation indicate anything important missing in my above translation attempt?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, I would have expected something more like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...та диссертация будет этак через два года.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference in meaning between that and what was originally written?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;It is well known that since Russian is a highly-inflected language, the number of possible word orders which are grammatically correct are higher than in other languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I have also been told at least one Russian-speaking friend that sometimes different word orders imply different nuances, so that even if they are both grammatically correct they don't necessarily mean &quot;the same thing&quot;. Not having been able to find any formal resources explaining these changes in meaning due to word order, it is difficult for me to identify situations where this is relevant when I see them in practice/&quot;in the wild&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aside:&lt;/strong&gt; The speaker just graduated university (undergraduate/bachelor's), which explains some of my translation attempt. However, in American English, the &quot;dissertation&quot; for a doctoral degree is sometimes also called a &quot;thesis&quot;, and while not all Master's programs require a thesis in order to graduate, it is also not unheard of for Master's students to complete a thesis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does &lt;code&gt;диссертация&lt;/code&gt; here translate as (doctoral) dissertation, (doctoral) thesis, or (Master's) thesis? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the person saying that they are going to get their doctorate two years after graduating college? That is what it sounded like to me originally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe they meant a Master's thesis, because maybe one can think of completing the thesis after the Master's program, and the thesis is done for the purpose of getting the Master's degree. On the other hand, one might also typically get a PhD after completing their Master's, and the word dissertation is typically used only to refer to a document written for a doctoral degree. Yet the original text sounds like the speaker intends to complete their &quot;dissertation&quot; two years after completing undergrad which doesn't make much sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T05:19:15.630" Title="Does word order influence the meaning of this sentence?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16796" CreationDate="2018-07-13T00:23:04.677" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt; isn't a demonstrative neuter gender pronoun &quot;that&quot;, it's a conjunction, and it's paired with &lt;em&gt;если&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;если ..., то ...&lt;/strong&gt; – &quot;if ..., then ...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Если расскажешь всё, то я тебя отпущу.&lt;/strong&gt; – &quot;If you tell me everything, then I'll let you go&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The position of &lt;em&gt;года&lt;/em&gt; really matters:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;два года&lt;/strong&gt; – &quot;two years&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;года два&lt;/strong&gt; – &quot;about / approximately / some two years&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually &lt;em&gt;этак&lt;/em&gt; also means &quot;about / approximately / some&quot;, so the idea of approximation is expressed redundantly, but it's very usual to say it like that in Russian. The whole idea of &quot;in about two years&quot; can be expressed in at least tree different ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;года через два&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;этак через два года&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;года этак через два&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, this works not only with the number of years, putting the name of any unit of measurement before the number adds the idea of approximation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;метра три&lt;/strong&gt; - about three meters&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;килограммов пять&lt;/strong&gt; - about 5 kilograms&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;минуты две тому назад&lt;/strong&gt; - about two minutes ago&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Этак&lt;/em&gt; has several synonyms: &lt;em&gt;примерно, приблизительно, где-то&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;года через два = примерно через два года = приблизительно через два года = где-то через два года&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the ways of expressing approximation described above are colloquial, only &lt;em&gt;примерно&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;приблизительно&lt;/em&gt; are literary and are apt for scholarly publications.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I won't comment on kinds of theses since it's beyond the scope of this SE.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T00:23:04.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16796" CreationDate="2018-07-13T05:19:15.630" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Диссертации только после магистратуры и на соискание (получение)&#xA;  степени. Если всё пойдёт по плану, то диссертация будет года этак&#xA;  через два.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The dissertation occurs only after a master's degree and is for the&#xA;  purpose of receiving the (PhD) degree. If everything goes according to&#xA;  plan, I will start my dissertation something like two years from now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, your translation has two critical flaws. It should rather be something like the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dissertations happen only after completing your master's course &lt;em&gt;(N.B. not necessarily receiving a master's degree!)&lt;/em&gt; and in order to get a/the degree &lt;em&gt;(N.B. unclear which degree - the master's or the further one)&lt;/em&gt;. If everything goes as planned, the dissertation &lt;strong&gt;will be ready&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(N.B. not started! finished!)&lt;/em&gt; in about two years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which makes the situation somehow ambiguous: maybe the speaker is talking about the master's thesis (магистерская диссертация) he or she is going to write during the master's course and complete in two years (which is the typical length of a master's course). Maybe about their future doctoral dissertation (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidate_of_Sciences&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;кандидатская диссертация&lt;/a&gt;) they hope to complete two years after their master's course is over. (In Russian there's also &quot;докторская диссертация&quot;, which is one level higher than Ph.D., but we can safely rule that out - you don't complete &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; in two years before even your master's course, unless you're some kind of an enormous genius.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T05:19:15.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16799" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16800" CreationDate="2018-07-13T13:34:31.083" Score="5" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Раз вы не Раиса, то нам &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; о &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt; разговаривать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;... then we have nothing to talk about.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To convey the idea of &quot;nothing&quot;, I usually expect to see the combination of &quot;ни&quot;, &quot;не&quot;, and &quot;что&quot;, as in &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ни&lt;/strong&gt; на &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; годится&quot;. Why the omission of &quot;ни&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or perhaps, is it more related to the 4th &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B5#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;definition&lt;/a&gt; of &quot;не&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T15:28:20.583" Title="Why is &quot;ни&quot; omitted here to say &quot;nothing&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16799" CreationDate="2018-07-13T13:49:23.923" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Had it been used with a noun, it would be &lt;code&gt;разговор ни о чём&lt;/code&gt;, however in this case it's &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt;. And again, it should just be memorized. Here are some relevant articles from wiktionary: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE_%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ни о чём&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;не о чем&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;code&gt;не о чем&lt;/code&gt; indicates that there's nothing to talk about, while &lt;code&gt;ни о чём&lt;/code&gt; sort indicates that you are talking about nothing [else]. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, in this example it will be &lt;code&gt;ни&lt;/code&gt; as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Будем думать только об экзамене, и больше ни о чём.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or consider following pair:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Больше ни о чём я вам не расскажу, ни в чём не признаюсь&quot;. (literally - I will tell you about nothing, I will confess nothing).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не о чем мне вам рассказывать, не в чем мне признаваться&quot;. (literally - I have nothing to tell you about, I have nothing to confess).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T15:28:20.583" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T15:28:20.583" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16799" CreationDate="2018-07-13T15:45:40.200" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Handling this a little differently: &quot;не&quot; is straightforward &quot;no/not&quot;, but &quot;ни&quot; may indeed mean &quot;nothing&quot;, like @shabunc rightly says, but also, depending on context, may mean &quot;neither&quot; or &quot;nor&quot; or sort of pointer to &quot;anything&quot; or &quot;whatever&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &quot;не то&quot; is &quot;not that [something which was expected/needed/etc.]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But: &quot;ни то, ни другое&quot; is &quot;neither this, nor that&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And: &quot;чтобы [one word!] не делать&quot; is &quot;[in order] to do not&quot;, but &quot;что бы [two words!] ни делать[, лишь бы не работать]&quot; is &quot;to do anything [but work]&quot; or &quot;whatever's one going to do [one's not going to do work]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-13T15:45:40.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16802" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16803" CreationDate="2018-07-14T05:21:21.073" Score="4" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не понимаю, &lt;strong&gt;в кого&lt;/strong&gt; он такой &lt;strong&gt;своевольный&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I saw this phrase in an IM, and I assume it is roughly an equivalent of &quot;take after&quot; in English. I find this turn of phrase curious, though: how should I interpret &quot;в кого {accusative}&quot;? It seems to literally mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I don't understand &lt;strong&gt;to whom&lt;/strong&gt; he's so stubborn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this how Russian speakers commonly convey the idea of &quot;take after&quot;? Or are there other expressions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-07-14T06:35:12.963" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T06:35:12.963" Title="In Russian, how do you express &quot;take after&quot; in &quot;I wonder who he takes after with his obstinacy&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16802" CreationDate="2018-07-14T06:17:18.483" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &quot;в кого ты/он/она такой/такая...&quot; is the question about whom that person is taking after. It can be about about appearance and/or behavior. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Он весь в отца&quot; means &quot;he really takes after his father&quot;/&quot;he's just like his father&quot;. &quot;Весь/вся в...&quot; can be translated as &quot;He/she is the spitting image of...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A very common phrase is &quot;В кого ты такой уродился?!&quot; Depending on context and intonation, it can be lighthearted, positive even, or an expression of annoyance (that's how it's most often used), sort of &quot;You're just impossible!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;В кого ты такой умный?&quot; can be a compliment &quot;Damn, you are smart!&quot; or more like &quot;Oh really, smartass?&quot;, while &quot;В кого ты такая красивая?&quot; is a compliment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also drop personal pronoun if it's clear whom you're talking about. Like so &quot;Ну вся в мать!&quot;. Again, whether her being like her mother is good or bad depends on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T06:17:18.483" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16802" CreationDate="2018-07-14T06:33:39.530" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes indeed, the English “take after someone” can be translated as &lt;em&gt;«родиться/поийти/идти/быть/стать в кого-либо»&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://englsecrets.ru/frazovye-glagoly/frazovyj-glagol-take.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Основные значения фразового глагола take&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Take after – быть похожим, походить на (родителей, родственников) – когда говорят о характере, склонностях и т.п. &#xA;  — Mary is very clever – she takes after her mother. – Мэри очень умная – она пошла в свою мать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, the verb быть is omitted in the Present tense, so what is left is «&lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;» with a noun phrase in Accusative. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T06:33:39.530" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16805" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16807" CreationDate="2018-07-14T11:52:55.243" Score="2" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do I express &amp;quot;the same as...&amp;quot; in the following sentences in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;- Why did you learn French? - For the same reason you learned English.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;She's in the same university as me.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll give it a try anyway, as far as my knowledge of Russian grammar goes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему изучил ты французский? По той же причине, почему ты изучил английский.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она в том же университете, как я.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T12:13:43.647" Title="&quot;The same as...&quot;" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16806" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16808" CreationDate="2018-07-14T12:06:16.230" Score="2" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to convey a rather complex idea in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Switzerland is a multilingual country where, among other languages, French and German are spoken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are more german-speaking Swiss who know French than french-speaking Swiss who know German, and I would like to tell exactly this in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know the words &lt;strong&gt;англоговорящий&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;русскоговорящий&lt;/strong&gt;. But I doubt just every language can be attached to this suffix (plus англо- and русско- are themselves adaptations into a prefix, and I don't know if every language has a prefix of its own).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First, the sentence I am looking for. Does it work like this?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Есть больше немецкоговорящих швейцарцев, знающих французский, чем &#xA;  французскоговорящих  швейцарцев, знающих немецкий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, I'm not sure about the language prefixes. Maybe I could use &quot;немецкие швейцарцы&quot; and &quot;французские швейцарцы&quot; instead?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Which are the language prefixes for the following languages?&#xA;итальянский, португальский, испанский, японский.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-07-14T13:35:05.320" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T13:51:10.860" Title="The suffix -говорящий" Tags="&lt;суффиксы&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16805" CreationDate="2018-07-14T12:13:43.647" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Почему ты выучил французский? По той же причине, &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt; ты выучил английский.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(more formal: &lt;strong&gt;по которой&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another possible (more colloquial) answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Потому же, почему&lt;/strong&gt; ты выучил английский.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Она учится/училась в том же университете, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; и я.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another version:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она учится &lt;em&gt;в одном со мной&lt;/em&gt; университете.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T12:13:43.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16806" CreationDate="2018-07-14T12:51:25.563" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Немецкоязычных швейцарцев, знающих французский, больше, чем франкоязычных (швейцарцев), знающих немецкий.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's possible to find in a modern 'synonyms' dictionary (e.g. Тришин, 2013) versions like: &lt;strong&gt;немецкоговорящий (германоговорящий), франкоговорящий (also, noun: франкофон), италоговорящий, португалоговорящий, испаноговорящий, японоговорящий&lt;/strong&gt;. All of those (presumably, coming from the form like 'English speaker') have &lt;em&gt;older&lt;/em&gt;, more traditional versions, ending with &lt;strong&gt;-язычный&lt;/strong&gt;. The version like &lt;strong&gt;англоговорящий&lt;/strong&gt; is not always applied to a native speaker, it sometimes describes a technician with language training (&lt;em&gt;англоговорящий технический специалист&lt;/em&gt;) for working abroad, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-07-14T13:04:58.197" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T13:04:58.197" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16806" CreationDate="2018-07-14T13:51:10.860" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just like it was already mentioned for &lt;code&gt;франкоговорящие&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;франкоязычные&lt;/code&gt; there's relatively widely known and accepted &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;франкофон&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Actually there's less known and less used however existing term &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;лузофон&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; for one who talks Portuguese. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;англофоны&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;code&gt;синофоны&lt;/code&gt; (for Chinese speakers) and even &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;румынофоны&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; however this terms are used extremely rare. One just can not add &lt;code&gt;-фон&lt;/code&gt; to some derivative of language name, it doesn't work that way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some texts that tend to sound as scientific and official as possible one can even find &lt;code&gt;германофон&lt;/code&gt; but that's definitely rather a curiosity. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T13:51:10.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16753" CreationDate="2018-07-14T18:16:41.297" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's somewhat similar to the English &quot;no thanks&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It's too hot for me in Paris! No thanks, Geneva is better, it's cooler&#xA;  there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Уж is &lt;strike&gt;a snake&lt;/strike&gt; an intensifier used after да/нет in answering questions or showing the speaker's agreement/disagreement, like/dislike, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-07-14T18:16:41.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16811" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16817" CreationDate="2018-07-15T01:54:33.493" Score="2" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы, &lt;strong&gt;к обеду&lt;/strong&gt; не &lt;strong&gt;опоздайте&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы, &lt;strong&gt;на обед&lt;/strong&gt; не &lt;strong&gt;опоздайте&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы, &lt;strong&gt;в обед&lt;/strong&gt; не &lt;strong&gt;опоздайте&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume the use of &amp;quot;с&amp;quot; is out of the question, but I'm wavering between these three. Are they nuanced somehow?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, am I correct in thinking that &amp;quot;запоздать&amp;quot; cannot be used in this context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T07:58:04.880" Title="In Russian, which preposition to use to say &quot;Don't be late for lunch&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16811" CreationDate="2018-07-15T02:56:18.530" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, comma after &lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;вы&lt;/code&gt; is rude, and colloquial. &lt;code&gt;Вы, ...&lt;/code&gt; is short for &lt;code&gt;Эй вы, ...&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы к обеду не опоздайте.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This implies they should appear at lunch time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы на обед не опоздайте. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This implies they should appear at the lunch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы в обед не опоздайте.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes no sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T02:56:18.530" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16813" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16814" CreationDate="2018-07-15T05:29:20.910" Score="4" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anna... she's &lt;strong&gt;at it&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;again&lt;/strong&gt; (doing something / with something)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anna &lt;strong&gt;fait&lt;/strong&gt; encore &lt;strong&gt;des siennes&lt;/strong&gt; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We colloquially use these expressions in English and French when we catch someone (with a bit of a disobedient / mischievous / reckless  streak) once again  doing something you disapprove of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Опять&lt;/strong&gt; Анна?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Опять&lt;/strong&gt; она?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't suppose this is sufficient as an equivalent, is it? How do you commonly express this &amp;quot;she's at it again, doing ...?&amp;quot; idea in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T09:23:19.163" Title="In Russian, how do you say &quot;she’s at it again&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16813" CreationDate="2018-07-15T06:47:11.460" Score="12" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она опять в своём репертуаре.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она опять / Опять она &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;greater annoyance&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; взялась за старое / за своё.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она опять / Опять она взялась за .....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T07:54:55.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16813" CreationDate="2018-07-15T06:56:40.807" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yet another set of expressions is constructed with &quot;снова&quot;. &quot;[Он/она/они] снова [берутся] за старое&quot;, &quot;[Он/она/они] снова за своё&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both sets of expressions may be contracted in conversation: &quot;(Ну) снова она!..&quot;; &quot;(Ну) опять она!..&quot; -- implying she's &quot;at it again&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there exists a colloquial phrase (which you may encounter), the meaning of which I personally don't understand, it might just occur to be a conversational-space-filler: &quot;Не опять, а снова&quot; -- said in a quasi-ritual response to somebody saying &quot;опять&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T06:56:40.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16811" CreationDate="2018-07-15T07:08:54.000" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In real use, there definitely exists a nuance between using perfect and imperfect in such cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Не опоздайте&quot; (perf.) is sort of bit less polite reminder to not be late than &quot;не опаздывайте&quot; (imperf.), even if both of those are used with &quot;пожалуйста&quot;. &quot;Less polite&quot; because it sort of implies the possibility of persons addressed to be late.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This nuance, however, vanishes in less formal conversation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pronoun isn't usually used in such phrases, just &quot;не опаздывайте к обеду, пожалуйста&quot; would do. Names, however, could be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pronoun with full stop (written with comma) is right out, that's an equivalent to &quot;hey you&quot;, just like @user31264 says.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T07:08:54.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16811" CreationDate="2018-07-15T07:58:04.880" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's either &lt;strong&gt;не опоздайте к обеду&lt;/strong&gt; (in case both are supposed to meet at the lunch), or &lt;strong&gt;на обед не опоздайте&lt;/strong&gt; (as a reminder to another person that they were planning to have a lunch &lt;em&gt;somewhere else&lt;/em&gt;). The pronoun &lt;strong&gt;вы&lt;/strong&gt; is not necessary and even may sound &lt;em&gt;unfriendly&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/strong&gt; на обед не опоздайт&lt;/em&gt;е can express an actual desire to get rid of somebody's presence). &lt;strong&gt;В обед&lt;/strong&gt; usually means &lt;strong&gt;within the lunch break&lt;/strong&gt; and therefore doesn't fit an expression about being late.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-07-15T07:58:04.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16818" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16821" CreationDate="2018-07-16T21:20:33.297" Score="6" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;p&gt;Even though, theoretically, there are no articles in Russian, can &lt;strong&gt;один&lt;/strong&gt; sometimes work as the indefinite article? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At least I've seen &quot;&lt;strong&gt;одни&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;a few ones&quot;) which is similar in usage to &quot;unos&quot; in Spanish - the plural of the indefinite article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;em&gt;&quot;Schopenhauer wrote a biography [not the only one] in Greek&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I say &quot;Шопенхауер написал биографию на греческом&quot;, there's no way to tell whether it was his single biography or one of many.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, is it OK to say &quot;Шопенхауер написал &lt;strong&gt;одну&lt;/strong&gt; биографию на греческом&quot; to make clear that it was &quot;a biography&quot; rather than &quot;the biography&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T15:21:17.280" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T15:21:17.280" Title="&quot;Один&quot; as an equivalent of indefinite article" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16819" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-16T21:59:15.170" Score="5" ViewCount="525" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the kind of things I know how to use in practice, but would not manage to explain to someone in theory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Некогда, нечего, нечем, не с кем... they differ from никогда, ничего, ничем, ни с кем in usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне некогда - I have no time (literally &quot;to me no when&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нечего делать - There's nothing that can be done.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не с кем говорить - There's no one to talk to.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нечем дышать! - There's no way to breathe!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не о чём жалеть - There's nothing to regret.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Никогда не будет времени - There will never be [enough] time.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ничего не делал - I didn't anything.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не говорю ни с кем - I don't talk to anyone.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не могу дышать ничем! - I can't breathe in any way!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я стараюсь ни о чём не жалеть - I try not to regret anything.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far so good. In practice, &lt;strong&gt;I know when to use не- and ни-. But how can the difference in usage be explained, say, in a &quot;scientific&quot; way?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe не- words are used exclusively in impersonal sentences (only with the dative in order to refer to a passive subject, like in &quot;мне некогда&quot;), whereas ни- words are personal, referring to an active subject?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a side note, which syntax is better?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне не с кем говорить&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У меня не с кем говорить&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-07-17T13:27:28.823" LastActivityDate="2018-07-20T21:29:05.140" Title="Negative prefixes не- vs. ни-" Tags="&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16818" CreationDate="2018-07-16T23:19:23.833" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, один is translated as &quot;a/an&quot;, or &quot;a certain&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.pons.com/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4?q=%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD&amp;amp;l=enru&amp;amp;in=ac_ru&amp;amp;lf=ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Шопенхауер написал одну биографию на греческом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Shopenhauer is transliterated as Шопенгауэр.  &quot;h&quot; is often transliterated as &quot;г&quot;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, &lt;code&gt;одну&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; is too easily confused with &lt;code&gt;одну&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;one&lt;/code&gt;. It would be understood as &quot;Shopenhauer wrote one biograhy on Greek&quot; (rather than two or more).   &lt;code&gt;Один&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; is used in sentences where such confusion is unlikely, i. e. &lt;code&gt;мне это сказал один знакомый&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;я это прочитал в одной книге&lt;/code&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T23:19:23.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16818" CreationDate="2018-07-16T23:21:31.713" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no such thing like articles in Russian, whether definite or indefinite. However, in some specific phrases it de-facto acts very similar to indefinite article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare following two sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Этот анекдот мне рассказал один мужик.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Этот анекдот мне рассказал мужик.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both sentences are completely valid, however native speaker will perceive the second one as incomplete - it's implies that there's somebody very specific (&lt;code&gt;мужик&lt;/code&gt;) but it's not clear who exactly. You can even hear something like &lt;code&gt;мне один мужик один анекдот рассказал&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side-note - there's a theory which is backed up by a lot of data actually that this is exactly how indefinite articles evolve - &lt;a href=&quot;https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/3596/origin-of-articles-in-european-languages/3621#3621&quot;&gt;they usually are derived from numerals&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-07-16T23:21:31.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16813" CreationDate="2018-07-17T09:23:19.163" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;And there is also a saying/idiom:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;опять двадцать пять&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8052" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T09:23:19.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16818" CreationDate="2018-07-17T09:36:20.030" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes (not too often), &lt;strong&gt;один&lt;/strong&gt; really just adds the same sense of indefiniteness as articles a/an/un/uno/una/un' do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Один&lt;/strong&gt; мой друг живёт в Канаде. (&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt; friend of mine lives in Canada. /I&#xA;  have &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; friend living in Canada./)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not about '&lt;em&gt;friend count&lt;/em&gt;', it just prevents from false conclusions about '&lt;em&gt;my only friend / FFL&lt;/em&gt;' which are possible in case один is omitted here (&lt;em&gt;Мой друг живёт в Канаде&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your example, the word &lt;strong&gt;один&lt;/strong&gt; is useful in a Russian translation, with the following word order:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Шопенгауэр написал на греческом биографию &lt;strong&gt;одного&lt;/strong&gt; человека.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It keeps the original's (Schopenhauer wrote a biography in Greek) measure of &lt;em&gt;indefiniteness&lt;/em&gt; (no ideas if it was the only biography he wrote), while the literal version with direct replacement of the article (&lt;em&gt;Шопенгауэр написал &lt;strong&gt;одну биографию&lt;/strong&gt; на греческом&lt;/em&gt;) has an extra emphasis on &lt;em&gt;на греческом&lt;/em&gt; and leaves unnecessary questions: was he a prolific biography writer who wrote one of those in Greek / was it just one / could it be an autobiography?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is true that some forms of Spanish and Italian indefinite article even coincide with the word meaning '&lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt;' but in the function of &lt;em&gt;article&lt;/em&gt; they just express &lt;em&gt;indefiniteness&lt;/em&gt;, so &lt;strong&gt;unos&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't mean '&lt;em&gt;ones&lt;/em&gt;', it means &lt;strong&gt;'some'&lt;/strong&gt; (items in plural). In English, a/an  tend to mean '&lt;em&gt;one of the specified kind&lt;/em&gt;', not simply '&lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-07-19T13:12:50.070" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T13:12:50.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16824" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16825" CreationDate="2018-07-17T14:39:36.047" Score="2" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm planning to give a speech in Russian where I'll say something like &quot;imagine there's an eighth day of the week--let's call it ______.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Представьте, что прибавился еще день недели--назовем его &lt;strong&gt;восьмятница&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I'm struggling with is how to make up a name for the eighth day in a way that rings true for Russians in order to make the illustration more memorable.  However, I know I'm in dangerous territory as what a non-native speaker makes up as logical may not be what a native speaker would think of.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would you name the eighth day of the week?  I would like to incorporate the number eight somehow.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6141" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-07-17T16:28:03.683" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T16:28:03.683" Title="How to make up a name - eighth day of week?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="13" ClosedDate="2018-07-17T15:29:15.483" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16824" CreationDate="2018-07-17T15:16:29.700" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Восьмятница sounds good actually. Maybe not for a case like &quot;something happened and we have to have 8-day week, we need a name for the new day&quot; (official name to be put into calendars and stuff). But for cases like you've described – just about perfect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2018-07-17T15:16:29.700" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16819" CreationDate="2018-07-17T21:04:33.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Не&quot;, either in a prefix or as a particle, means logical inversion, denial, negative; but &quot;ни&quot; means &quot;nothing of the kind/none of the variants/alternatives&quot; (and may have other meanings in some contexts: &lt;a href=&quot;http://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/16799&quot;&gt;Why is “ни” omitted here to say “nothing”?&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2018-07-19T02:35:43.590" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T02:35:43.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16828" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16830" CreationDate="2018-07-17T22:07:13.130" Score="7" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know if the word &lt;strong&gt;другой&lt;/strong&gt; is considered an adjective. However it declines like an adjective, and as such I name it an &quot;adjective-like&quot; word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that, when numeral два is either in the nominative or inanimate accusative, the noun it quantifies takes the genitive singular, whereas an adjective accompanying the noun takes the genitive plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, &quot;два бли&lt;strike&gt;жн&lt;/strike&gt;ЗК-&lt;strong&gt;их&lt;/strong&gt; друг-&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; - &lt;em&gt;two close friends&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, what if I use the word &lt;strong&gt;другие&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's take the three hosts of the Fifa World Cup 2026 as an example. USA, Canada and Mexico. But the title of that competition will be &quot;United 26&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to say the following: &quot;The title United 26 shows a bias in favor of the USA, as though the other two hosts were secondary&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Название &quot;United 26&quot; проявляет предвзятость &lt;strike&gt;к&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;code&gt;в пользу&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;отдает предпочтение&lt;/code&gt; США, как будто други&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  два организатора - второстепенны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I say &quot;два других организатора&quot; I would be telling &quot;&lt;em&gt;two other hosts&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, not &quot;&lt;em&gt;THE two other hosts&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likewise, what if I use a personal pronoun (which declines as an adjective) instead of a typical adjective?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Два моих друга - two of my friends&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мои два друга - my two friends&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Два других друга - two other friends&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Другие два друга - the two other friends&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe the adjective/pronoun takes the genitive plural after the numeral when expressing &quot;some out of many&quot;, whereas it takes the nominative plural before the numeral when the numeral refers to the total quantity?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-07-18T10:52:13.587" LastActivityDate="2018-07-18T16:25:01.953" Title="Adjective-like word before два" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16828" CreationDate="2018-07-18T16:04:25.697" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In case of &quot;другие два организатора&quot; &lt;strong&gt;другие&lt;/strong&gt; qualifies &lt;strong&gt;два организатора&lt;/strong&gt; which is plural which makes &lt;strong&gt;другие&lt;/strong&gt; plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of &quot;два других организатора&quot; &lt;strong&gt;два&lt;/strong&gt; governs both &lt;strong&gt;других&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;организатора&lt;/strong&gt; according to &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/11629/2104&quot;&gt;these rules&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If I say &quot;два других организатора&quot; I would be telling &quot;two other hosts&quot;, not &quot;THE two other hosts&quot;, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use either version (&quot;другие два&quot; or &quot;два других&quot;) to mean &quot;the other two&quot; or &quot;another two&quot;, depending on the context. Russian does not have &quot;the&quot; or &quot;an&quot;. If absolutely necessary, you can use &quot;остальные два&quot; (the other two) or &quot;еще два&quot; (another two).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-07-18T16:04:25.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16828" CreationDate="2018-07-18T16:25:01.953" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not only related to &amp;quot;adjective-like&amp;quot; pronoun &lt;code&gt;другие&lt;/code&gt;, regular adjectives also express similar behaviour. However, the connotation of the definite article &amp;quot;THE&amp;quot; only appears with pronouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дом был заброшен, и &lt;strong&gt;два разбитых окна&lt;/strong&gt; чернели на фасаде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дом был заброшен, и &lt;strong&gt;разбитые два окна&lt;/strong&gt; чернели на фасаде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no indication of how many windows are there in total, however the former focuses more on the count (there are two windows), while the latter on the state (they were broken).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The focus is expressed with the nominative case; in the first sentence it is &amp;quot;два&amp;quot;, in the second it is &amp;quot;разбитые два&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1274" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-07-18T16:25:01.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16831" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16835" CreationDate="2018-07-19T07:55:34.713" Score="9" ViewCount="1188" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do they refer in Russian to a public address system in the department store?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked up some possible terms in a dictionary and found these two: &quot;система оповещения&quot; and &quot;трансляция&quot;, but I am not sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Система оповещения&quot; seems to me to be referring more to the public address system in streets (like that in case of war). In other words, it is bigger in scale than a public address system in a department store or in a school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &quot;трансляция&quot; seems to be more about a radio, that is, wireless broadcast.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T09:15:22.387" Title="&quot;Public address system&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16832" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16833" CreationDate="2018-07-19T08:04:14.830" Score="2" ViewCount="719" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как сленговое &quot;шестерка&quot; переводится на английский?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9670" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T08:48:48.443" Title="Как сленговое &quot;шестерка&quot; переводится на английский?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-07-19T09:16:09.040" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16833" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16832" CreationDate="2018-07-19T08:48:48.443" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Grunt&quot; вполне подойдёт, хотя наверняка найдутся другие варианты перевода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8909" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T08:48:48.443" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16831" CreationDate="2018-07-19T08:59:55.703" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a non-formal situation you would just use &quot;громкоговоритель&quot; (loudspeaker).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Система оповещения&quot; would still be the formal name of the system that's used in, for example, a fire at a supermarket. Russian &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; states that there are difference scales of such systems, and supermarket one would be &quot;object&quot; scale. I'm not sure there's a formal name for a loudspeaker that would call a worker to his workplace and things like that, I'm not even sure it's a separate system from emergency ones and not just a microphone wired in it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8909" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T08:59:55.703" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16831" CreationDate="2018-07-19T09:15:22.387" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;em&gt;громкая связь&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как рассказать о событиях на вашем стенде? Легко!&#xA;  Дайте объявление по громкой связи в павильоне выставки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В понедельник я ещё не успела сменить сапоги на туфли, как по громкой связи меня вызвали в кабинет главного бухгалтера.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дженнифер Лоуренс по громкой связи в самолете поддержала будущих победителей Супербоула. Но всем было наплевать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &lt;em&gt;громкая связь&lt;/em&gt; also means &quot;speakerphone&quot; (on your phone).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T09:15:22.387" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16836" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16839" CreationDate="2018-07-19T14:11:01.130" Score="2" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which one is correctly written?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У меня не с кем говорить&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне не с кем говорить&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T14:59:17.190" Title="У меня or мне before не- words" Tags="&lt;pronouns&gt;&lt;местоимения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16837" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16838" CreationDate="2018-07-19T14:18:42.307" Score="3" ViewCount="54" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen the following set expressions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Она на ... лет моложе/старше меня.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это в ... раз меньше/больше.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are the prepositions &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; interchangeable in these contexts? If not, is there any rule justifying the employment of &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; in the respective examples? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or those prepositions are there just &quot;because&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T14:39:33.213" Title="Prepositions used in comparisons" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;сравнительный&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16837" CreationDate="2018-07-19T14:39:33.213" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; is addition or subtraction (&lt;em&gt;на двадцать лет старше&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;twenty years older&quot;), &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt; is division or multiplication (&lt;em&gt;в два раза старше&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;two times as old&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T14:39:33.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16836" CreationDate="2018-07-19T14:46:22.717" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are both grammatically correct, but mean different things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня не с кем говорить&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;There is none to talk to at my place&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мне не с кем говорить&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;I don't have anyone to talk to&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that using imperfective &lt;em&gt;говорить&lt;/em&gt; in these sentences assumes some context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;— Поговори с кем-нибудь!&#xA;  — Мне не с кем говорить.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you just want to state the fact you don't have anyone to talk to, use the perfective verb &lt;em&gt;поговорить&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T14:46:22.717" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16836" CreationDate="2018-07-19T14:46:39.987" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;second&lt;/em&gt; version is correct (I have no one to talk to). The first one sounds like: 'there's nobody to talk to at my place'. However, &lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt; can be used in a longer construction like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;У меня&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;т никого, &lt;strong&gt;с кем&lt;/strong&gt; можно было бы по&lt;strong&gt;говорить&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T14:46:39.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16836" CreationDate="2018-07-19T14:59:17.190" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня [дома, на работе] не с кем говорить.&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Мне [в принципе] не с кем говорить.&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;Also may be &#xA;&lt;em&gt;Мне не с кем &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;говорить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10801" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T14:59:17.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16842" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-19T16:06:25.263" Score="6" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the dictionary, миновать is both perfective and imperfective. So I'm having trouble reconciling минуть: Does it indeed form part of the (hypothetical) verb pair минуть - муиновать, or is it considered a separate verb altogether? Also, is there any difference in meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-07-19T16:42:26.473" LastActivityDate="2018-07-20T00:04:34.703" Title="What is the difference between &quot;миновать&quot; and &quot;минуть&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16843" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16842" CreationDate="2018-07-19T16:38:39.030" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Минуть&lt;/code&gt; in the majority of possible meanings has just become more of an obsolete form of &lt;code&gt;миновать&lt;/code&gt;, here's a reduced quote from an article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;минуть&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;устар.&lt;/code&gt; [устаревшее - obsolete] то же, что миновать; пройти, проехать мимо кого-, чего-либо, оставив кого-, что-либо позади или в стороне &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;устар. то же, что &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;миновать&lt;/a&gt;; пройти, не затронув кого-либо, не оказав никакого воздействия (обычно неблагоприятного) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;обычно с отрицанием, устар. то же, что миновать; избежать чего-либо, уклониться от чего-либо&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;устар. то же, что миновать; не упомянуть о ком-, чём-либо, не коснуться кого-, чего-либо`&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD: However I can recall at least one case when you should not trust dictionaries entirely - when one wants to say how much time passed by, &lt;code&gt;минуть&lt;/code&gt; sounds more colloquial and less pathetic. For instance, compare &lt;code&gt;минуло семь лет&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;миновало семь лет&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2018-07-20T00:04:34.703" LastActivityDate="2018-07-20T00:04:34.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16844" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16845" CreationDate="2018-07-19T17:10:04.307" Score="4" ViewCount="378" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I want to say &quot;can I take a photo of you (your face)&quot;, how should I proceed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Могу снять фото на вас?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Могу снять портрет ваш?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or neither of the aforementioned?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T15:18:48.607" Title="Asking to take photos in Russian" Tags="&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16844" CreationDate="2018-07-19T17:23:09.850" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;em&gt;можно вас сфотографировать?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Фотографировать&lt;/em&gt; is Russian for &amp;quot;photographing&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;taking a picture&amp;quot;, and it has a direct object in accusative, so there is not need to recourse to analytic constructs similar to English ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note, Russians are usually not particularly fond of people on street taking their pictures without a good reason, so if you just want to take a photo of a stranger on the street, it would not hurt to throw in some kind of explanation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Простите, можно вас сфотографировать? Я из …, мне для …&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Excuse me, can I take your picture? I'm from …, and it's for …&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T15:18:48.607" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16844" CreationDate="2018-07-19T18:26:53.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If one is asking complete strangers I'd go with &lt;code&gt;Вы не против, если я вас сфотографирую?&lt;/code&gt; - it sounds to me subtly more polite and sort of less insistent rather than &lt;code&gt;можно&lt;/code&gt;-form mentioned in the different question (which is 100% percent valid of course). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-07-19T18:26:53.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16844" CreationDate="2018-07-20T05:00:09.853" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;в разговорной речи так ( in colloquial speech so ) :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;не правильно (not properly) :&#xA;простите разрешите..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;правильно:&#xA;можно вас сфоткать?&#xA;можно с вами сфоткаться?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10804" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-07-20T06:26:41.070" LastActivityDate="2018-07-20T06:26:41.070" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16819" CreationDate="2018-07-20T21:29:05.140" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As long as all your examples contain pronouns derived from particles and other pronouns we can talk about pronouns only for a while.&#xA;In the case Yellow Sky's comment is right. You can treat &quot;не(когда/где/куда/etc)&quot; as negative pronouns, which mean absence of time/place/direction/etc. Whereas &quot;ни(когда/где/куда)&quot; stresses the negation expressed by &quot;не + verb&quot; construction. The negative construction can be omitted, but is usually obvious. E.g. &quot;В комнате никого [нет]&quot; -- Nobody in the room.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it's worth to mention &quot;некто&quot; and &quot;нечто&quot;. The former is for 'someone', the latter -- 'something amazing' or 'something unknown, obscure'. &quot;Некто ничего не делал&quot; - someone (we don't know him/her) didn't anything.&#xA;&quot;То, что он сделал, -- это нечто!&quot; - he made something wonderful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And be careful! We like to play with &quot;ни&quot;.&#xA;E.g. sometimes they describe their idleness as &quot;Делаю ничего&quot;. Don't be confused: that still means &quot;ничего не делаю&quot;, with some connotation perhaps.&#xA;On the other hand, &quot;Ты никто/ничто&quot; is indignity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These particles are also used separately from pronouns. &#xA;Main logic is the same. &quot;Не&quot; means negation, &quot;Ни&quot; - emphasis of negation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &quot;ни..., ни...&quot; сonstruction is used like English &quot;neither... nor...&quot;. &#xA;&lt;br/&gt;&quot;В прошлом году ни Италия, ни Франция не прошли в четвертьфинал.&quot; -- 'Neither Italy nor France got to the quarter finals last year.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9649" LastActivityDate="2018-07-20T21:29:05.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16850" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16859" CreationDate="2018-07-22T12:09:35.403" Score="3" ViewCount="130" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еще даже не &lt;strong&gt;вечер&lt;/strong&gt;, а ты уже выпиваешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еще даже не &lt;strong&gt;вечером&lt;/strong&gt;, а ты уже выпиваешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if I should use the noun &amp;quot;вечер&amp;quot; or the adverb &amp;quot;вечером&amp;quot; to express the idea of &amp;quot;not in the evening&amp;quot;. Incidentally, should I see &amp;quot;вечером&amp;quot; as the instrumental noun instead?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T14:59:43.823" Title="Whether to say &quot;Еще даже не вечер, а ...&quot; or &quot;Еще даже не вечером, а ...&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16851" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16855" CreationDate="2018-07-22T12:28:26.453" Score="2" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;От холода &lt;strong&gt;зуб на зуб не попадает&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this is a hyperbolic expression, meaning &quot;freezing cold&quot;. But how should I interpret the phrase more literally?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not even sure if &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;попадает&lt;/a&gt;&quot; comes from the imperfective &quot;попада́ть&quot; or the perfective &quot;попа́дать&quot;. I suppose these two are different verbs with different uses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-07-23T06:21:10.003" Title="The expression &quot;зуб на зуб не попадает&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16852" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16853" CreationDate="2018-07-22T13:04:16.097" Score="5" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am learning Russian using Duolingo as a resource. One of the questions in an exercise was to translate the following into English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Стол на месте &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I (maybe naively) interpreted it as &lt;em&gt;Table/Desk on place&lt;/em&gt;. The answer they were after was &lt;em&gt;The table is in the right place.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How am I supposed to infer that from the above? What can I do in the future to help with things like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10791" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-07-22T13:23:08.623" LastActivityDate="2018-07-22T17:05:07.857" Title="How do I infer the meaning from &quot;Стол на месте&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16852" CreationDate="2018-07-22T13:21:44.727" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are not supposed to infer anything - you need to memorize. Language constructs differ in different languages, even closely related. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How one should infer that &quot;we are short on onion&quot; is about not having onion - Russian speaker does not say &lt;code&gt;мы коротки на лук&lt;/code&gt; - yet, this is exactly how one says it in English and one should just remember it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This holds true about thousands of other phrases. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in this particular case may be it would be helpful to think of this phrase as of shortened form of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Стол на [cвоём] месте&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which is literally &lt;code&gt;the table is on it's place&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-07-22T13:21:44.727" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16850" CreationDate="2018-07-22T13:29:27.317" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first phrase can be translated as &quot;it's not even evening and you are already drinking.&quot; It's constructed pretty much similar to it's English counterpart and &lt;code&gt;вечер&lt;/code&gt; is in the nominative case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second phrase is ungrammatical - you are confusing &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;вечером&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (which as you mentioned as an adverb) and the noun &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;вечер&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. The adverb stands for &lt;code&gt;in the evening.&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T14:59:43.823" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T14:59:43.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16851" CreationDate="2018-07-22T14:47:51.560" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literally, the jaws are trembling in the horizontal plane as well, so &lt;em&gt;no tooth&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;meets&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;попада́ет&lt;/strong&gt; на) &lt;em&gt;its match&lt;/em&gt; on the opposite jaw each time the jaws close.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-07-22T14:47:51.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16852" CreationDate="2018-07-22T17:05:07.857" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The definition of &lt;code&gt;место&lt;/code&gt; here is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Определённое пространство, специально отведённое, предназначенное для кого-, чего-л. или обычно занимаемое кем-, чем-л.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which is analogous to this definition of &lt;code&gt;place&lt;/code&gt; in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;a portion of space designated or available for or being used by someone. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The regular or proper position of something.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be similar to the English phrase &quot;the table is in place.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look up and match the right definitions of the words, it makes sense!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-07-22T17:05:07.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16850" CreationDate="2018-07-23T06:12:42.800" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To sound natural, you'd want simplier expressions &quot;ещё не вечер&quot; and &quot;ещё день&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 1st one, besides &quot;it's (relatively) early yet [to/for something]&quot;, has an alternative meaning in colloquial, &quot;there's yet time [to/for something]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2nd one means &quot;it's daytime yet&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-23T06:12:42.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16851" CreationDate="2018-07-23T06:21:10.003" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you are freezing cold, all your muscles start shaking, trying to generate heat. Likewise the jaw muscles, like @Alex_ander says, so &quot;teeth do not meet teeth&quot; (and when you try to speak in that condition, you can talk only intermittently).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are expressions conveying the same idea (but I'm not sure if this one's the native Russian expression), &quot;звонить зубами&quot;--&quot;to ring with your teeth&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-23T06:21:10.003" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16861" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16862" CreationDate="2018-07-24T00:44:12.600" Score="2" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не дворянское это дело&lt;/strong&gt; тратить на поход в магазин или фитнес-клуб массу времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;=??? It’s not in a nobleman's nature to spend much time going to a shop or a fitness club.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume &quot;дворянское&quot; is the neuter nominative of &quot;дворянский&quot;, but does it serve the function of a substantive here with the meaning of &quot;nobleman'&lt;strong&gt;s&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; like &quot;&lt;strong&gt;mine&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;yours&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, with some word implied: &quot;nobleman's (&lt;strong&gt;nature&lt;/strong&gt;/etc)&quot;? That is, instead of an attributive meaning: &quot;nobleman-related&quot; like &quot;my/your&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose &quot;это дело&quot; serves as the &lt;em&gt;dummy&lt;/em&gt; subject corresponding to &quot;it&quot; in English, with the &lt;em&gt;real&lt;/em&gt; subject being &quot;тратить ...&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can I interpret the sentence more literally as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Not a nobleman's {substantive}, this thing, to spend much time going to a shop or a fitness club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, should I use the neuter nominative &quot;моё/mine&quot; to express the idea of &quot;It’s not in &lt;strong&gt;my&lt;/strong&gt; nature to do X&quot; or more literally &quot;It’s not &lt;strong&gt;mine&lt;/strong&gt;, this thing, to do X&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не моё это дело&lt;/strong&gt; тратить на поход в магазин или фитнес-клуб массу времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or does the word order of &quot;Не дворянское это дело&quot; come from &quot;Это не &lt;strong&gt;дворянское&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;моё&lt;/strong&gt; дело&quot; {attributive}?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T12:39:15.447" Title="Is this a Russian equivalent of the expression &quot;It’s not in someone's nature to do X&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16861" CreationDate="2018-07-24T01:45:08.010" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не дворянское это дело&lt;/em&gt; literally means &quot;it's not a nobleman's job&quot;, but it's used here as a set phrase meaning &quot;it's beneath you (to spend much time etc.)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's more often used as &lt;em&gt;не царское это дело&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;it's not a royal's job&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;em&gt;не моё это дело&lt;/em&gt; the idiomatic meaning is lost, so it just has the literal meaning of &quot;it's not my job&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T01:45:08.010" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16861" CreationDate="2018-07-24T04:41:34.167" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This conversational expression, which is indeed much more popular in the form @Quassnoi points out: &quot;не царское это дело&quot;--&quot;not a job for a tsar&quot;, means more precisely &quot;I/you/... won't bother with that&quot; OR even &quot;I/... won't bother [those are sour grapes]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The expression &lt;strong&gt;might&lt;/strong&gt; come from a vulgar joke, where tsar refuses to get intimate with a girl, on the lines: &quot;not a job for a tsar! but if I order it, she'll get intimated all right&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or both joke and expression might share the same origin, reflected in the expression's form as in the question. I've never encountered a variant with &quot;дворянское дело&quot;, but might have heard a variant with &quot;барское дело&quot;--&quot;massa's job&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T04:41:34.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16861" CreationDate="2018-07-24T04:51:23.797" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Probably, that's a modification of a more popular expression: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не барское это дело&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dslov.ru/fslov/f373.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://dslov.ru/fslov/f373.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Барин&lt;/strong&gt; (originally, боярин) - in olden times (like 1.5-2 centuries ago), a higher class man, &lt;em&gt;master&lt;/em&gt; to his servants, etc. (often addressed so and referred to by them). Also, &lt;strong&gt;барыня&lt;/strong&gt; (fem.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase is often used in the meaning '&lt;em&gt;it's not worth my (his) time and effort&lt;/em&gt;, [I'd (he'd) rather &lt;em&gt;hire&lt;/em&gt; somebody for that]'. The modification '&lt;em&gt;не царское...&lt;/em&gt;' is typically limited in usage to cases where a real boss is involved. The version '&lt;em&gt;не дворянское.&lt;/em&gt;..' can carry a flavour &lt;em&gt;'it's below one's self-respect, not worth doing at all&lt;/em&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speaking of the sense '&lt;em&gt;It's not in someone's nature&lt;/em&gt;...': one can use a more literal expression like &lt;strong&gt;мне это занятие не по душе&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;(мне) не хотелось бы с этим возиться&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-07-24T05:40:56.550" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T05:40:56.550" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16865" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16850" CreationDate="2018-07-24T06:40:17.517" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;We are omitting words, mostly the verb to be (is).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ещё не вечер&quot; means &quot;[NOW IT IS] not an evening yet&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ещё не вечером&quot; is just incorrect. We can say &quot;Вечером&quot; (In the evening), &quot;Не вечером&quot; (Not in the evening), but we it doesn't match with &quot;Ещё&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5023" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T06:40:17.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16861" CreationDate="2018-07-24T12:39:15.447" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“It’s not in someone's nature to do X”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не в его́ нату́ре / хара́ктере / обыкнове́нии де́лать X.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не в мои́х пра́вилах / привы́чках де́лать X.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ему́ несво́йственно де́лать X.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Not a nobleman's {substantive}, this thing, to spend much time going to a shop or a fitness club.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, дворя́нское is not substantivised, nor does it imply a noun. It is simply an adjective that agrees with the neuter noun де́ло. &quot;Не дворя́нское э́то де́ло&quot; can be parsed in two ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Э́то (-) не дворя́нское де́ло (This is not a nobleman's affair)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Э́то де́ло (-) не дворя́нское (This affair is not nobleman's)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Normally we don't write the dash for a copula before &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T12:39:15.447" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16867" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-24T17:47:16.443" Score="4" ViewCount="119" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is an English equivalent of the phrase &lt;em&gt;Ещё Аристотель отмечал, что...&lt;/em&gt; , т.е. &lt;em&gt;ещё&lt;/em&gt; в смысле &lt;em&gt;уже&lt;/em&gt;? One might say &lt;em&gt;Already Aristotle observed that...&lt;/em&gt;, but its meaning seems to be slightly different (?). Anyway, is there any other locution with roughly the same meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It appears that my variant &lt;a href=&quot;https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/174011/already-aristotle-observed-that?noredirect=1#comment347052_174011&quot;&gt;is not idiomatic enough.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user4574" LastEditorDisplayName="user4574" LastEditDate="2018-07-24T19:27:13.260" LastActivityDate="2018-07-25T09:01:21.650" Title="&quot;Ещё&quot; в смысле &quot;уже&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-07-25T11:54:03.127" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16867" CreationDate="2018-07-24T17:57:52.253" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mayhap&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Even Aristotle was one who observed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or there's a need to construct the sentence differently&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The fact that.... had already been observed by Aristotle&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-07-24T18:07:22.020" LastActivityDate="2018-07-24T18:07:22.020" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16867" CreationDate="2018-07-24T21:14:20.197" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Back in his days&lt;/em&gt;, Aristotle pointed out that...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(or stronger: as early as his days, as long ago as his days)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-07-25T04:59:28.790" LastActivityDate="2018-07-25T04:59:28.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16870" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16871" CreationDate="2018-07-25T00:19:07.680" Score="5" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;The adverb &amp;quot;особенно/especially&amp;quot; is used to add that something described is &amp;quot;all the &lt;strong&gt;more&lt;/strong&gt; true for/if ...&amp;quot; in an affirmative structure:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Конечно! &lt;strong&gt;Особенно&lt;/strong&gt; если сможешь ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;== Certainly! And &lt;strong&gt;all the more so&lt;/strong&gt; if you ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To express the idea of &amp;quot;much/still less&amp;quot; in a negative structure in English, on the other hand, do Russian speakers still use &amp;quot;особенно/especially&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I never imagined modelling at all, &lt;strong&gt;much less&lt;/strong&gt; full-time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А я и не зналa, что у неe есть дочь, &lt;strong&gt;особенно&lt;/strong&gt;{/much less} твоего возраста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-07-28T17:17:56.703" Title="&quot;much less&quot; in Russian, as in &quot;I never imagined modelling at all, much less full-time&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16870" CreationDate="2018-07-25T00:43:59.073" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Тем более&lt;/code&gt; is better than &lt;code&gt;особенно&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I never imagined modelling at all, much less full-time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я никогда не представляла себе, что стану (буду работать, пойду работать) моделью, тем более на полную ставку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: Synonom to &lt;code&gt;тем более&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;да ещё (и)&lt;/code&gt; (slightly more coloquial, &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; can be omitted).  There are also colloquial variants of this: &lt;code&gt;(да) к тому же ещё (и)&lt;/code&gt;, and others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-07-25T02:43:29.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16867" CreationDate="2018-07-25T07:04:55.050" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that the nearest sense of Еще Аристотель is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Aristotle was the first to observe that...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно сделать более общий смысл&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As far back as Aristotle's time it was observed...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or simply &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Aristotle,at his time, observed...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-07-25T09:01:21.650" LastActivityDate="2018-07-25T09:01:21.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16873" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16878" CreationDate="2018-07-25T12:44:02.850" Score="3" ViewCount="1071" Body="&lt;p&gt;I noticed the absence of the dotted i (І / і) as well as yi (Ї / ї) within the Cyrillic Russian alphabet. I wonder why these two letters are not shared, when they are vowels and fundamental in Ukrainian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6181" LastActivityDate="2018-07-26T12:26:25.753" Title="Why is the dotted i (І / і) and yi (Ї / ї) from Ukrainian not present in Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16873" CreationDate="2018-07-25T13:47:45.377" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian language has &lt;code&gt;[йе] е&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;[йо] ё&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;[йу] ю&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;[йа] я&lt;/code&gt;, but it doesn't have a dedicated letter for &lt;code&gt;[йи]&lt;/code&gt; since it is usually covered by &lt;code&gt;ьи&lt;/code&gt; or similar. So naturally there's no &lt;code&gt;ї&lt;/code&gt; and it had to be invented for Ukrainian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="310" LastEditDate="2018-07-26T12:26:25.753" LastActivityDate="2018-07-26T12:26:25.753" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16875" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16877" CreationDate="2018-07-25T13:58:53.810" Score="3" ViewCount="231" Body="&lt;p&gt;The French and English dictionaries I have consulted translate &quot;низкий&quot;  and &quot;нижний&quot; in ways that I find operationally indistinguishable.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Are these adjectives synonyms or is there a clear, unquestionable difference between them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If I understand the answers correctly &quot;нижний&quot; would be a comparative or superlative of &quot;низкий&quot;.&#xA;However &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; grammar books or online sites I consulted (for example &lt;a href=&quot;http://russianlearn.com/grammar/category/the_comparative_degree&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this one&lt;/a&gt;) give&quot;ниже&quot;, not &quot;нижний&quot;,  as the comparative form of &quot;низкий&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And they don't indicate that the superlative is iregular.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In other words, &quot;нижний&quot; is never evoked in these grammatical explanations.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Does some user know a better reference on the subject ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3917" LastEditorUserId="3917" LastEditDate="2018-07-26T20:02:17.203" LastActivityDate="2018-07-27T12:24:10.800" Title="What is the difference between &quot;низкий&quot; and &quot;нижний&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16875" CreationDate="2018-07-25T14:36:44.513" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;нижний&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;lowest of&quot;, which then may not be low by itself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;низкий&lt;/code&gt; means low by itself. But it doesn't imply it is the lowest or placed particularly low.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the clear difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;на нижней полке стояла ваза&lt;/code&gt;, which could itself be pretty tall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;на столе стоял низкий ящик&lt;/code&gt;, which is low by itself even if located on top of something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2018-07-25T14:36:44.513" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16875" CreationDate="2018-07-25T14:37:14.473" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Низкий&lt;/strong&gt; is a &lt;em&gt;qualitative&lt;/em&gt; adjective (&lt;em&gt;low&lt;/em&gt; tone, &lt;em&gt;low&lt;/em&gt; building, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нижний&lt;/strong&gt; is about something having a &lt;em&gt;lower position&lt;/em&gt; relative to some other items of the same kind (&lt;em&gt;lower&lt;/em&gt; brick, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(Самый) нижний&lt;/strong&gt; - the one having &lt;em&gt;the lowest&lt;/em&gt; position. &lt;strong&gt;Самый&lt;/strong&gt; is not always needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-07-25T14:47:49.703" LastActivityDate="2018-07-25T14:47:49.703" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16873" CreationDate="2018-07-25T17:04:47.877" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian alphabet had both і and ї in the past, but they had become obsolete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Изменялись также правила относительно числа точек над І: Пётр отменил было их; затем было предписано ставить по две точки над І перед гласными, и одну — перед согласными; наконец, с 1738 года точка стала везде одна. Буква І отменена реформами 1917—1918 годов&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rules regarding number of dots above 'i' had been changing. At first, Peter I cancelled them altogether. Later, it was decreed that i in front of vowels should have two dots, and in front of consonants should have one. Since 1738, there was always only one dot above 'i'. The letter 'i' was made obsolete by the reform of 1917-1918.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82#%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2_%D0%B2_XVIII%E2%80%94XX_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Судьба отдельных букв в XVIII—XX веках&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography#Specific_changes&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Specific changes in 1917-1918 Russian orthography reform &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-07-25T17:04:47.877" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16873" CreationDate="2018-07-25T18:19:22.650" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian vowels come in pairs: &lt;em&gt;а/я, о/ё, у/ю, ы/и, э/е&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first three pairs are &quot;good&quot; ones. The second one in each pair is a front vowel (pronounced with the tongue closer to the front of the mouth than its counterpart) and can only occur after a &quot;soft&quot; (palatalized) consonant, &lt;em&gt;[j]&lt;/em&gt; being one of those consonants: &lt;em&gt;мяч, люк, мёд&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in writing you can see the second ones occurring after other vowels (&lt;em&gt;пою&lt;/em&gt;), after &lt;em&gt;ь&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;ъ&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;пью, объём&lt;/em&gt;) or word-initially (&lt;em&gt;яблоко&lt;/em&gt;). Every time you see the usage like this, you know there is an implicit &lt;em&gt;[j]&lt;/em&gt; before the vowel because it has to be. No Russian word uses front vowels from the three first pairs in isolation of after other vowels, and in fact most Russians are even unable to pronounce them like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's why &quot;Dr. Oetker&quot; and &quot;Yksi&quot; are rendered as &lt;em&gt;Доктор Эткер&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Юкси&lt;/em&gt; in Russian, even though the first one is not even in the correct pair and the second one has an initial &lt;em&gt;[j]&lt;/em&gt; it lacks in orginal Finnish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second two pairs are more complex.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Front version of &lt;em&gt;э/е&lt;/em&gt; can exist in isolation in Russian, and all words beginning with &lt;em&gt;э&lt;/em&gt; in Moscow pronunciation: &lt;em&gt;этот, Эльза, эра&lt;/em&gt; and so on start with a front vowel. Furthermore, while the complementary distribution of the &quot;good&quot; vowel pairs is always reflected on writing (&lt;em&gt;мода / мёда&lt;/em&gt; etc.), it's not the case for &lt;em&gt;э/е&lt;/em&gt;: in &lt;em&gt;секс&lt;/em&gt;, the first &lt;em&gt;c&lt;/em&gt; is &quot;hard&quot; (non-patalalized) and the vowel is back, while in &lt;em&gt;кекс&lt;/em&gt; the first &lt;em&gt;к&lt;/em&gt; is &quot;soft&quot; (palatalized) and the vowel is front. Many Russians are not sure how to pronounce words like &lt;em&gt;рельс, шинель, крем&lt;/em&gt; and can even sway between two pronunciations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, the &lt;em&gt;и/ы&lt;/em&gt; pair stands out the most. It is in complementary distribution as well, but unlike the other ones, it's the back version of the vowel (&lt;em&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt;) which can never happen word-initially or after other vowels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is also the only one pair where the front version of the vowel happens immediately after other vowels, even when stressed, without &lt;em&gt;[j]&lt;/em&gt; or other epentheses: &lt;em&gt;доил, кроил&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nevertheless, even though the last two pairs are different, the complementary distribution is still there, even though it's not reflected consistently in writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This complementary distribution is enough to keep balance between etymological and phonetic orthography principles and avoid marking &lt;em&gt;[j]&lt;/em&gt; in the words which never did it (because it was never there before).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, while Russian does use &lt;em&gt;[ji]&lt;/em&gt; in some words (&lt;em&gt;судьи, ладьи, ручьи&lt;/em&gt;) and so on, it never uses it word-initially or after other vowels, and, hence, there was no real reason to introduce the third letter to the pair. When still used after vowels or word-initially (in loanwords) it can be represented with &lt;em&gt;йи&lt;/em&gt; should the need arise (&lt;em&gt;Йиржи, Байи&lt;/em&gt; etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently the phonetic situation is distinct in Ukrainian and &lt;em&gt;йи&lt;/em&gt; is used word-initially and after the vowels often enough to justify adding a third letter to the mix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-07-25T18:19:22.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6899" CreationDate="2018-07-25T21:42:56.543" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no gender-neutral pronouns that can be applied to a person. &quot;Оно&quot; has pretty much the same connotations as &quot;it&quot; in English. You can probably make something up, if you're familiar with how verbs and adjectives are formed in Russian, but I doubt it will be easy to read for a native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are, however, ways to conceal one's gender in speech. That includes using passive verbs instead of active ones when it comes to past tense, but this is not always feasible (it can be done to a phrase like &quot;я оплатила счёт&quot;, turning it into &quot;счёт был оплачен мною&quot;, but good luck doing the same for stuff like &quot;я вышел на улицу&quot;). If the bulk of a text is written in past tense, you may try using present tense instead (&quot;я вышел на улицу&quot; becomes &quot;я выхожу на улицу&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also refer to a person by name instead of using a third-person pronoun, but it's generally recommended that you avoid using tautology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some people use the so-called &quot;gender gaps&quot;. The practice is controversial to say the least, as many find them confusing and hard to read. Basically you just put an underline after the gender-neutral part of the word is over, and then write a gender-specific ending, usually feminine, but usage of masculine is not unheard of. That way, the adjective &quot;жёлтый/жёлтая&quot; becomes &quot;жёлт_ая&quot; or &quot;жёлт_ый&quot;. Thread with caution, however, as how acceptable its usage is largely depends on the audience it's meant for. If it's meant for the general population (and has nothing to do with feminism and so on), then I suggest using something else. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a different, but more accepted way of gender-neutral speech - putting the alternative ending in parentheses. &quot;Грустный/грустная&quot; can either be written as &quot;грустный(ая)&quot;, &quot;грустн(ый/ая)&quot; (that's a bit weird though) or left as it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And some people just use masculine pronouns everywhere when they mean common gender. Some people do mind it, some don't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope that helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10820" LastActivityDate="2018-07-25T21:42:56.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16883" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16875" CreationDate="2018-07-26T17:29:54.037" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English низкий and нижний are like &quot;low&quot; and &quot;lower&quot;, which are not really interchangeable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a setting you know something about, there are numerous places in math where нижний is used: нижний предел интегрирования (lower bound of integration), нижний индекс (lower index = subscript), нижняя оценка (lower bound), нижняя грань (infimum). Compared with &quot;lower&quot;, you don't really use &quot;low&quot; in technical math terms much, right? About all I can think of right now is low-dimensional topology, but in Russian that term does not use either adjective: it is маломерная топология.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2018-07-26T17:29:54.037" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16884" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-26T19:44:22.467" Score="6" ViewCount="192" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen &lt;strong&gt;на́чался&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;начался́&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;нача́лся&lt;/strong&gt; listed as past forms of this verb. However, there's no explanation as to when one form is used over another. Is it a matter of register? Are some of the forms preferred over others in literary style vs. conversation? Is there a particular meaning associated with any one form? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5540" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T18:09:04.547" LastActivityDate="2018-09-02T16:39:47.103" Title="What determines the usage of the three stress patterns of the past form &quot;начался&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6899" CreationDate="2018-07-26T22:16:26.217" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ze is quite new word, isn't it? So, why don't you just invent another word for your russian translations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But keep in mind Russian gender is way less related to sex. I mean English has no idea of gender (in common sense, i.e. grammatical gender) by contrast with Russian, where every thing has gender: bridge (male), tower (female), bird (f), dog (primary female), rhino (m), ring (neutral), shoulder (n), body (n), et cetera. And native speakers don't mind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sure you know it. I mentioned it just to emphasis that the idea of gender neutralization in language is borrowed from narrow English, so your any try will probably look strange and alien to Russian. You should creatively work on every sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9649" LastActivityDate="2018-07-26T22:16:26.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16888" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16890" CreationDate="2018-07-27T12:19:46.497" Score="3" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Держу пари&lt;/strong&gt;, ты забудешь ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My girlfriend often uses this phrase in IMs as well as in conversation. The indeclinable noun &quot;пари&quot; seems to be a borrowed word from French, and in French the phrase &quot;je parie que ... {I bet that ...}&quot; is commonly used in conversation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She has lived near Paris (no pun intended) for ten years in her teens, so I have always wondered if this phrase might actually not be as commonly used among Russian speakers who don't speak French. Is this quite an informal expression?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-07-28T11:55:28.827" LastActivityDate="2018-07-28T11:55:28.827" Title="Is &quot;держать пари&quot; commonly used in Russian?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16875" CreationDate="2018-07-27T12:24:10.800" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Нижний&quot; means &quot;placed at the bottom of something&quot;, so it's about position relative to other objects. Object couldn't be &quot;нижний&quot; by itself, it needs another objects, to be placed under them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Низкий&quot; is about object's shape, not about place, where it is located.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10822" LastActivityDate="2018-07-27T12:24:10.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16888" CreationDate="2018-07-27T12:35:14.710" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%EF%E0%F0%E8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;very common&lt;/a&gt; as a book expression which saw a large drop in usage from early XX century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In speech you would expect it to be &lt;code&gt;Спорим&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Бьюсь об заклад&lt;/code&gt; when more ornate. But it's in everybody's passive dictionary for sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2018-07-27T12:35:14.710" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16891" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16892" CreationDate="2018-07-28T11:26:51.010" Score="5" ViewCount="214" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чья бы корова мычала&lt;/strong&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this expression said sarcastically, with &quot;чья&quot; alluding to &quot;твоя&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Whose cow would be mooing/complaining? Don't tell me it's yours (of all people/cows who should be mooing/complaining).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-07-29T20:20:28.497" Title="How does &quot;Чья бы корова мычала&quot; have the meaning &quot;You're a fine one to talk&quot;?" Tags="&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16892" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16891" CreationDate="2018-07-28T12:27:30.987" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;On occasion, the saying is often used in that incomplete form, but the speaker also refers to its second part:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чья бы корова мычала, а твоя бы молчала.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literally, &lt;em&gt;it wouldn't be such a surprise to hear that moo in criticism from somebody else's cow, but yours should be silent&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sense: &lt;em&gt;it's strange to hear that criticism from a person, definitely doing what they criticize&lt;/em&gt;. The sarcasm of the saying is a bit rude, but it is OK to use it within a circle of friends, closest co-workers or family members.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-07-28T12:27:30.987" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16891" CreationDate="2018-07-28T13:06:11.107" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another English equivalent would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Look who's talking&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A synonymous expression in Russian would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кто б(ы) (уже) говорил? (но только не ты)&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;consistently ommitted&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both expressions can be addressing some 3d person whose words have been retold, not necessarily the immediate interlocutor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-07-29T20:20:28.497" LastActivityDate="2018-07-29T20:20:28.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16870" CreationDate="2018-07-28T17:17:56.703" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to add to the other answer, if you're looking for a negative construction, there is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;не говоря (уж) о..&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я никогда не представляла себе, что буду моделью вообще, не говоря уж о полной ставке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is equivalent to the English &lt;code&gt;not to mention&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-07-28T17:17:56.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16895" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-30T22:21:49.053" Score="3" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дует попутный ветер, и &lt;strong&gt;как раз&lt;/strong&gt; прилив, а ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;== The wind is kicking up and the tide is &lt;strong&gt;exactly&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;...&lt;/strong&gt;), but ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I go on the definition shown on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiki&lt;/a&gt;, some word or phrase to describe the part inside (...) seems to be lacking in this Russian sentence. In English, a phrase such as &amp;quot;how we want it to be&amp;quot; is expected to follow the adverb &amp;quot;exactly&amp;quot;; after all, &amp;quot;exactly&amp;quot; cannot stand alone and you cannot say &amp;quot;the tide is exactly&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;== The wind is kicking up and the tide is &lt;strong&gt;exactly&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;how we want it to be&lt;/strong&gt;), but ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose the adverbial phrase &amp;quot;как раз&amp;quot;  only has the meaning of &amp;quot;exactly&amp;quot; and the meaning doesn't extend to &amp;quot;exactly how we want it to be&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this Russian sentence have some (implied) missing word(s), or should I interpret the phrase &amp;quot;как раз&amp;quot; differently?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T13:05:39.703" Title="How to interpret &quot;как раз&quot; in this context?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16896" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-07-31T00:11:58.297" Score="2" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an informal phrase. I can find both &quot;hawk&quot; and &quot;loogie&quot; in my English dictionary, but neither one is in my Russian-English dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found the verb &quot;плюнуть&quot;, but I'm guessing that means simply &quot;spit&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are the definitions in my English dictionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;loogie: (noun) a lump of phlegm or spittle&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  hawk: (verb), to clear the throat noisily&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10668" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T14:10:21.407" Title="Translation of &quot;to hawk up a loogie&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16897" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16895" CreationDate="2018-07-31T08:16:09.527" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this context &lt;strong&gt;как раз&lt;/strong&gt; points to a &lt;em&gt;lucky coincidence&lt;/em&gt; ('&lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; /&lt;em&gt;luckily&lt;/em&gt;/, &lt;strong&gt;it's high tide &lt;em&gt;at that&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;'): the addition of the second condition (high tide) to the first one (favourable wind), both being necessary for a sailing vessel to get closer to the shore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T12:32:05.367" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T12:32:05.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16896" CreationDate="2018-07-31T08:44:53.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The closest I can think of is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;отхаркивать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, which stands for &quot;шумно прочищать горло или носоглотку, выплёвывая мокро́ту&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Васька счастливо заржал, закашлялся и отхаркнул зеленую мокроту.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other alternatives would be &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;выкашлять&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (and &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;выкашливать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;откашлять&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (and &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;откашливать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;), like in phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сегодня утром выкашляла желтоватый густой комочек слизи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как правильно откашливать мокроту.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-07-31T08:51:24.743" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T08:51:24.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16899" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16900" CreationDate="2018-07-31T11:52:32.263" Score="4" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am using duolingo as a resource for learning Russian. One of the exercises was to translate the following into English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дайте мне, пожалуйста, хлеб.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I translated it roughly as &lt;strong&gt;Give me please bread&lt;/strong&gt; which is easy to infer the meaning, but seems a bit backward. Is the following amendment valid?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дайте мне хлеб, пожалуйста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10791" LastActivityDate="2018-08-01T01:22:02.657" Title="Understanding order in &quot;Дайте мне , пожалуйста , хлеб .&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16899" CreationDate="2018-07-31T12:22:34.347" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;word order&lt;/em&gt; in the original expression is &lt;em&gt;the most natural&lt;/em&gt;, neutral.&#xA;The version you suggest is also &lt;em&gt;correct&lt;/em&gt;, but it leaves a slight feeling that the idea to make the sentence sounding more polite came to the speaker's mind at the latest moment. Why is it so in Russian? Probably, one tends to put &lt;strong&gt;пожалуйста&lt;/strong&gt; (please) possibly closer to the already used &lt;em&gt;imperative&lt;/em&gt; - to immediately compensate for its otherwise demanding sense. So it sounds a bit more polite than the version with &lt;strong&gt;пожалуйста&lt;/strong&gt; postponed until the end of the sentence. The form &lt;em&gt;хлеб&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; bread) is better unless one means a &lt;em&gt;specific piece&lt;/em&gt; of it (typically, before their eyes).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дайте мне, пожалуйста, хлеб&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;. (Give me &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; bread, please.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T12:22:34.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16896" CreationDate="2018-07-31T14:10:21.407" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want it to be very casual, then the most common would be &lt;code&gt;харкнуть&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Он харкнул ему в лицо&quot;&#xA;&quot;Откашлялся и схаркнул на землю&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An informal and slightly incorrect translation of loogie would be &lt;code&gt;сопли&lt;/code&gt; which is more like &quot;snot,&quot; but is used to refer to that as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-07-31T14:10:21.407" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16899" CreationDate="2018-08-01T01:22:02.657" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It’s nothing more than cadence of speech. There aren’t rules as to where to stammer “um” in a sentence, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At a grocery store, all of the following would be perfectly natural, and none would be considered more polite than the other:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Дайте мне, пожалуйста, хлеба.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Мне хлеба, пожалуйста, и сы́ра.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Пожалуйста, хлеба и сыра.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Хлеба, пожалуйста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And a dozen other variations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-08-01T01:22:02.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16906" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16907" CreationDate="2018-08-01T18:45:15.240" Score="3" ViewCount="93" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen the following expressions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пошёл бы ты работать!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Получить бы работу в этой компании!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My textbook translates them as &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;You should get a job!&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;It would be nice to get a job with this company!&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I'm looking for a more literal translation to help me interpret these constructions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Пошёл бы ты работать&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; reminds me of &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;пошёл на хуй!&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;. Since the latter sentence means &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;go to hell!&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; (a very mild translation, I know!), I found strange the usage of the past tense, rather than the imperative (which would be &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;иди на хуй!&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;, the same way as &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;иди на фиг!&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps in &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;пошёл на хуй&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; the &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt; particle is omitted?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My attempt at translating literally &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;пошёл бы ты работать&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; is &amp;quot;Had you gone work!&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;получить бы работу&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, the usage of the &amp;quot;бы&amp;quot; particle after an infinitive is news for me. Maybe it's an abbreviation of &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;хорошо бы получить работу&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;? Or, should I just see the construction infinitive+бы as a translation for &amp;quot;I wish I...+past tense&amp;quot; in English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PS:&lt;/strong&gt; If I want to tell &amp;quot;Why don't you shut up?&amp;quot;, is &amp;quot;молчал ты бы!&amp;quot; a valid translation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T10:26:00.403" Title="&quot;Бы&quot; as colloquial conditional" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;conditional&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16906" CreationDate="2018-08-01T18:58:01.137" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 1st one should be better formulated as &quot;Шёл бы ты работать&quot;--&quot;you should get a job&quot;. Alternatively, &quot;пошёл бы поработал&quot;--&quot;you should go (and) do some work&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those vulgar phrases mean just what they seem to mean -- &quot;go sit on d*k&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2nd one, indeed, implies &quot;it would be nice [to get this job]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The PS one: &quot;Молчал бы!&quot;--&quot;You [of all people] should keep quiet&quot;  or &quot;Помолчал бы (ты)!&quot;--&quot;(Would you) shut up!&quot;. However, &quot;why don't you shut up&quot; would be more precisely translated as &quot;что ж ты не заткнешься&quot; (rude) or an equivalent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-08-01T18:58:01.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16908" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16909" CreationDate="2018-08-01T19:14:02.870" Score="1" ViewCount="63" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw that there are many prepositions which translate &quot;about&quot; into Russian. &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;насчёт&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;про&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;по поводу&lt;/strong&gt;, even &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess they are not interchangeable and their usage must be memorized for each context...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes verbs are learned with the preposition that normally follows them. For example, &lt;code&gt;жалеть (о чём)&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;настаивать (на чём)&lt;/code&gt;. No doubts here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, &lt;code&gt;говорить&lt;/code&gt; is followed either by &lt;code&gt;о (чём)&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;на тему (чего)&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are &lt;code&gt;насчёт (+gen.)&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;про (+acc.)&lt;/code&gt; interchangeable when introducing the subject of a conversation without a verb? For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Talking about languages... I've read a bit.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; would be &lt;code&gt;&quot;про языки / насчёт языков... я читал немного&quot;&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;while the &quot;about&quot; after a verb would be translated otherwise?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;I've read a bit about languages&quot;&lt;/code&gt; would be &lt;code&gt;&quot;я читал немного на тему языков&quot;&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-08-01T22:48:29.157" Title="Prepositions for &quot;about&quot;" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16908" CreationDate="2018-08-01T22:48:29.157" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Насчёт&lt;/em&gt; is very close to the English &lt;em&gt;regarding.&lt;/em&gt; In your example, the topic of languages is quite abstract, thus &lt;em&gt;насчёт&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;на тему&lt;/em&gt; are good fits:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Насчет языков. Недавно прочитал интересную книгу и узнал, что... — Regarding languages: I’ve recently read an interesting book and learned that... (This could as well begin with &lt;em&gt;[К вопросу] о языках&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;На тему языков&lt;/em&gt;, while &lt;em&gt;про&lt;/em&gt; would be a bit unnatural.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это сборник статей на тему языков. — This is a compilation of articles on the topic of languages. (&lt;em&gt;Про&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt; would also be decent fits.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For concrete things, you would prefer &lt;em&gt;про&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;о/об&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Расскажи мне об этом. — Tell me about this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Узнал что-нибудь про концерт? — Have you found out anything about the concert? (Here &lt;em&gt;про&lt;/em&gt; implies there’s something in particular the person asking wants to know, while &lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt; would imply a request for general information.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in general, it’s true that one has to memorize the prepositions. English has the same problem, maybe even worse, where prepositions have the tendency to turn verbs into something else altogether.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-01T22:48:29.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16910" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-02T01:10:33.517" Score="1" ViewCount="55" Body="&lt;p&gt;In formal logic, there is the notion of a distinction between &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_variables_and_bound_variables&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;free variables&quot; and &quot;bounded variables&quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found this distinction difficult to understand, until I thought of it this way: free variables are indeterminate things which can be expressed in Russian as что-нибудь, while bound variables are unspecified things which can be expressed in Russian as что-то.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question:&lt;/strong&gt; Is this explanation correct? Do Russians (who know about formal logic) think about the concepts of свободные и связанные переменные?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The concepts really did not make much sense to me until I thought about them this way. Also this might not be a question strictly about the Russian language or culture, in which case I apologize and would gladly learn about a better place to ask. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.stackoverflow.com/&quot;&gt;StackOverflow на русском&lt;/a&gt;?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Related questions:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA; &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/6933/%D0%A7%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%BE-or-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Что–то&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;что–нибудь&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/8603/whats-the-difference-between-the-two-suffixes-%D1%82%D0%BE-and-%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C&quot;&gt;What&amp;#39;s the difference between the two suffixes -то and -нибудь?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7239" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T08:38:51.553" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T08:38:51.553" Title="Is this formal logic explanation of the difference between &quot;что-нибудь&quot; and &quot;что-то&quot;?" Tags="&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-08-02T09:29:36.427" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16906" CreationDate="2018-08-02T01:17:12.300" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;My textbook translates them as &quot;You should get a job!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While that very well may be the appropriate translation, your textbook doesn't give you the full picture. It may also be used as &quot;You should go [back] to work!&quot; Like, in a situation were you're hanging out around the office water cooler for too long, telling jokes, and your boss or cow-orker says: &quot;Шёл бы ты работать!&quot; (e. g. back to your desk and do the job you're paid to do).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, a single &quot;бы&quot; means something like &quot;would be good/better, if...&quot; There's also a double &quot;бы&quot;, which is more like &quot;if-then&quot; construct, like &quot;знал бы прикуп - жил бы в Сочи&quot; or &quot;если б я был султан - я б имел трёх жён&quot; (&quot;б&quot; is the shortened form of &quot;бы&quot;). Sometimes there are even more, like in &quot;если бы да кабы на Луне росли дубы, то тогда бы на Луну бы мы ходили по грибы&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пошёл на хуй&quot; is a straight, direct order. You can say something like &quot;пошёл бы ты на хуй&quot;, which is more like an advice: &quot;would be great if you go fuck yourself&quot;. Or even &quot;а не пошёл бы ты на хуй?&quot; (&quot;why don't you... etc.&quot;) Although, given the context, such subtleties are insignificant in this particular case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T01:17:12.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16910" CreationDate="2018-08-02T06:19:33.307" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am sorry, I won't consider the terms you suggested, but perhaps you can find some connection. &#xA;Unfortunately, there are more variants что‐то, кое-что, что‐нибудь, что‐либо, which are hard to explain to foreigners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что‐то shows that the subject is unknown to both the speaker and the recipient. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что‐то промелькнуло в воздухе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кое‐что means that the subject is partly known th the speaker and unknown to the recipient. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я кое‐что помню об этом случае.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что‐нибудь means &quot;no matter what/ not important what &quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дай мне что‐нибудь поесть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что‐либо is very close to что‐нибудь, it has a more general meaning of &quot;one of any taken subjects &quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;попросить кого-нибудь (ask somebody, no matter whom ), попросить кого-либо (ask somebody, any unknown  person ). The difference is subtle. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back to your question: &lt;strong&gt;-то&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;something unknown&quot;,  whereas &lt;strong&gt;-нибудь&lt;/strong&gt; means &quot;no matter what&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T06:19:33.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16910" CreationDate="2018-08-02T06:38:56.743" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Что-то&quot; is &quot;something (as in unspecified)&quot;, &quot;что-нибудь&quot; (&quot;что-либо&quot;) is &quot;anything&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;free&quot; variables have their (approximate?) equivalent in &quot;независимые переменные&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T06:38:56.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16895" CreationDate="2018-08-02T13:05:39.703" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The are two ways to interpret &lt;strong&gt;как раз&lt;/strong&gt; in this context to express that a condition or situation is viewed as an &quot;added bonus,&quot; as it were:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;to boot&lt;/strong&gt; can be added to the end of the statement: ...and it's high tide &lt;em&gt;to boot&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;as luck would have it&lt;/strong&gt; can be added before the statement: ...and, &lt;em&gt;as luck would have it&lt;/em&gt;, it was high tide.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that both these statements can also point to an unfortunate eventuality, which can easily be sussed from the context or the tone of the speaker: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some days it doesn't pay to get out of bed. This morning I woke up to an ant infestation in my bathroom, an eviction notice from my landlord and my cat died &lt;strong&gt;to boot&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It just wasn't our day; we robbed the store, got all the money, made a clean getaway, then, &lt;strong&gt;as luck would have it&lt;/strong&gt;, a policeman pulled us over for having a brake light out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T13:05:39.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16915" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16921" CreationDate="2018-08-02T16:53:16.803" Score="2" ViewCount="133" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Таких театров&lt;/strong&gt; повсюду – пруд пруди.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm at least aware that a quantity of something is expressed with the genitive case in Russian, but I'm not sure what necessitates the use of genitive in this case. Is it due to &quot;пруд пруди&quot; or &quot;повсюду&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-08-03T15:44:06.153" Title="Why is &quot;таких театров&quot; in genitive in &quot;таких театров повсюду – пруд пруди&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16916" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16917" CreationDate="2018-08-02T16:59:46.923" Score="4" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таких театров повсюду – &lt;strong&gt;пруд пруди&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems this expression as a whole is used to refer to an extremely large quantity of something, but I'm not sure how to interpret it more literally. Is &quot;пруди&quot; some conjugated form of the verb &quot;прудить&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пруд пруди = a pond ???&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-08-02T17:55:32.173" LastActivityDate="2018-08-03T05:04:10.010" Title="Where does the word &quot;пруди&quot; in &quot;пруд пруди&quot; come from?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16916" CreationDate="2018-08-02T17:32:44.387" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apparently this is the etymology: &lt;a href=&quot;http://uknigi.ru/frazeologia/prud_prudi.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://uknigi.ru/frazeologia/prud_prudi.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize, the word &lt;em&gt;пруд&lt;/em&gt; used to mean a rapidly flowing body of water, across which people might want to build a dam &lt;em&gt;(запруда),&lt;/em&gt; and this latter word eventually gave rise to the current meaning of &lt;em&gt;пруд&lt;/em&gt; = pond.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a dam you need large quantities of material, clay, sand, driftwood, stones, anything will do. Maybe you have so much of something, like theaters in your case, that the worth of it is no greater to you than that of dam-building material and you would build a dam &lt;em&gt;(прудить пруд)&lt;/em&gt; out of it without a second thought.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T17:32:44.387" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16918" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16919" CreationDate="2018-08-02T17:47:41.330" Score="4" ViewCount="269" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can I say &quot;API (application programming interface)&quot; in Russian? Maybe there is some cut (except &quot;АПИ&quot;) to make it easy to read in translation from English to Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10839" LastActivityDate="2018-08-04T13:48:22.720" Title="How can I say &quot;API (application programming interface)&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16918" CreationDate="2018-08-02T18:27:29.277" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The fully spelled term is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/API&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;программный интерфейс приложения&lt;/a&gt; In colloquial speech one could use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;программный интерфейс,&lt;/strong&gt; just a shorter form&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;интерфейс,&lt;/strong&gt; if it's obvious from the context that this is not &lt;em&gt;&quot;графический интерфейс&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;библиотека,&lt;/strong&gt; as often an API is packaged into a library.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T18:27:29.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1289" CreationDate="2018-08-02T18:32:39.337" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, we don't use a comma in sentences all items in an enumeration are separated by “and”, “or”, “nor” etc. In Russian it is opposite:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EN: I've water and milk and juice.&#xA;RU: У меня есть вода, и молоко, и сок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9929" LastActivityDate="2018-08-02T18:32:39.337" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-12-01T15:28:21.397" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16915" CreationDate="2018-08-02T19:01:34.523" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;dash&lt;/em&gt; in that expression is a substitute for the omitted words &lt;strong&gt;... так много&lt;/strong&gt; (or &lt;strong&gt;столько&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;strong&gt;, что хоть...&lt;/strong&gt; So the &lt;em&gt;genitive&lt;/em&gt; here comes from the combination &quot;&lt;strong&gt;театров много (столько)&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таких театров повсюду &lt;em&gt;столько, что хоть&lt;/em&gt; пруд пруди.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The expression пруд пруди is just attached, without any influence from it on that case. It literally refers to a technology of creating a pond by making a dam of some otherwise useless material which is galore (theatres here). The expression is used to emphasize an excessive quantity/number of something and literally means 'even enough for ponding a pond'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-08-03T09:00:44.233" LastActivityDate="2018-08-03T09:00:44.233" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16916" CreationDate="2018-08-02T19:10:49.873" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Прудить&quot; essentially means &quot;make water [collect in significant quantity]&quot; and is a verb stemming from the noun &quot;пруд&quot; meaning &quot;pond&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In old-ish literature you may yet meet &quot;напрудить&quot; as a joking description of little kids pissing all over themselves and people holding them (&quot;Школа&quot; by Гайдар comes to mind).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there's a expression with the same meaning, &quot;гать гатить&quot;, with &quot;гать&quot; meaning a wooden road passing through the marshy terrain, and &quot;гатить&quot; being a verb for the process of creating such road.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastEditorUserId="10578" LastEditDate="2018-08-03T05:04:10.010" LastActivityDate="2018-08-03T05:04:10.010" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16924" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16915" CreationDate="2018-08-03T05:31:48.660" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is just one of many examples of Fenno-Ugric substratum in Russian. Russian Genitive  here actually conveys the meaning of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partitive_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Partitive&lt;/a&gt; (marked explicitly in phrases like надо бы ча&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt; instead of ча&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt; only) and follows the same logic as it is the case in most of modern Fenno-Baltic languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, it stands for indefinite plural (uncountable plural), cf. Finnish&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sellais&lt;strong&gt;ia&lt;/strong&gt; teattere&lt;strong&gt;ita&lt;/strong&gt; löytyy kaikkialta paljolti.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Finnish, the case is a Partitive Plural marking the uncountable abundance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1262" LastActivityDate="2018-08-03T05:31:48.660" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16915" CreationDate="2018-08-03T15:44:06.153" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;http://uknigi.ru/frazeologia/prud_prudi.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt; I gave in the other answer also answers this. The expression used to feature the instrumental case — пруд пруди &lt;em&gt;(чем?)&lt;/em&gt; — because that’s what makes sense taken literally, but with the original meaning fading and the expression becoming just a synonym of “много &lt;em&gt;(чего?)&lt;/em&gt;” the grammar followed suit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-08-03T15:44:06.153" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16918" CreationDate="2018-08-03T16:18:13.167" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bing translate and Google translate says:&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Интерфейс программирования приложений&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;For me this seems more correct. Also i googled Russian books about programming and find out that there is no standard agreement about this.&#xA;For example, in &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books?id=hk8NmSqOkFsC&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;hl=ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://books.google.ru/books?id=hk8NmSqOkFsC&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;hl=ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Набор базовых интерфейсов программирования приложений&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ozon.ru/context/detail/id/28267159/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Another book with Ы&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books?id=vay1dnm9QIcC&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;hl=ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;and without Ы&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Интерфейс[ы] прикладного программирования&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10801" LastEditorUserId="10801" LastEditDate="2018-08-03T16:27:25.960" LastActivityDate="2018-08-03T16:27:25.960" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16927" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16930" CreationDate="2018-08-03T17:58:45.663" Score="5" ViewCount="288" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was having a conversation with my friend who has been toying with the idea of living in Tokyo, and I said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It's all very well going all starry-eyed about life in Tokyo, but you'll land back on your feet once the novelty wears off. Tokyo was the first city in Japan where my girlfriend lived, and she's had her fair share of hectic days there before moving to Kyoto. She says Tokyo is &quot;a place to visit&quot; – and yes, those are &lt;strong&gt;air quotes&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you hear someone say Tokyo is &quot;a place to visit&quot;, you could be forgiven for thinking they are speaking positively of Tokyo as a great city/place worth visiting at least once in your life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this specific context, however, my girlfriend was actually implying sarcastically and pejoratively that Tokyo is &quot;a place to visit, (not to live in...)&quot; – an unusual turn of phrase which departs from the usual interpretation of the phrase &quot;a place to visit&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, the expression &quot;air quotes&quot; comes in handy to jokingly point out that a quoted word/phrase was originally said with irony or sarcasm and its meaning is not to be taken at face value. The &lt;em&gt;air-quoted&lt;/em&gt; phrase is accompanied by a two-finger gesture mimicking the shape of imaginary quotation marks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure the concept of &quot;air quotes&quot; itself even exists in Russian to begin with, but how do Russian speakers express this idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-08-03T20:13:34.393" LastActivityDate="2018-08-04T04:23:51.290" Title="In Russian, how do you say &quot;air quotes&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16927" CreationDate="2018-08-03T19:04:26.310" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an expression &quot;в кавычках&quot;--&quot;in quotes&quot;, &lt;em&gt;meaning&lt;/em&gt; what you want, but the &lt;em&gt;exact gesture&lt;/em&gt;, and so, the &lt;em&gt;exact translation&lt;/em&gt;, isn't known in Russian (culture).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So your translated phrase would read (like @Баян Купи-ка rightly points out):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она говорит, в Токио нужно побывать обязательно -- в кавычках.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's known Vladimir Mayakovsky showed (air) quotes once -- by lifting his arms bent at an angle -- &amp;lt;&amp;lt; &gt;&gt;, but the gesture isn't popular or even fairly well-known.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastEditorUserId="10578" LastEditDate="2018-08-04T04:23:51.290" LastActivityDate="2018-08-04T04:23:51.290" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16927" CreationDate="2018-08-03T20:11:08.727" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unlikely a similar Russian expression with the word 'quotes' (like &lt;strong&gt;в кавычках&lt;/strong&gt;) can be used to express the given sense. &lt;strong&gt;В кавычках&lt;/strong&gt;, used in a judgement just after a sense-carrying word, directly (and in a bit agressive form) &lt;em&gt;denies the whole judgement&lt;/em&gt;. In the context of the question (worth visiting, not living there), the translation could be like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она говорит, что в Токио обязательно нужно побывать, но только&#xA;  &quot;побывать&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A real gesture, suitable for a joke here and replacing the part after comma, could be something like imitation of walking in both directions (going to/from Tokyo) with two fingers on a table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-08-03T20:25:35.207" LastActivityDate="2018-08-03T20:25:35.207" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16918" CreationDate="2018-08-04T13:48:22.720" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want to have some term for using for some official paperwork, like legal docs. technical docs other answers provided could be helpful. However in colloquial speech nobody never calls API anything else other then АПИ or (yeah, we like diminutives) апишечка. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in real life you'll hear not &quot;Валерий, нам для этого нужен новый программный интерфейс&quot; but rather &quot;Валер, ну тут без того, чтобы новую апишечку запилить, не обойтись&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-08-04T13:48:22.720" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16884" CreationDate="2018-08-06T13:47:10.747" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian doesn't care about stresses as much as, for example, Chinese.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are obvious cases where putting a stress on another syllable would make the whole word sound really wrong (&lt;code&gt;лЮбовь&lt;/code&gt; as an example). If you put your stress in the wrong part of the word you would either sound weird, or won't be understood at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other cases while the form might not be in a dictionary, it's still valid as a vernacular, though using it will indicate that maybe you're not too educated. &lt;code&gt;На́чался&lt;/code&gt; is that case here. A person might use non-dictionaried versions with some slightly different tonal meaning, but I won't be able to provide an example, so subtle that will be. It won't affect your understanding, and you would be quite right to stick to the dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then there are cases where even a reasonably educated person doesn't know how a word should be accentuated, a common example is &lt;code&gt;тОрты&lt;/code&gt; vs. &lt;code&gt;тортЫ&lt;/code&gt;. The right one, according to dictionaries, is &lt;code&gt;тОрты&lt;/code&gt;, but you are likely to hear both variants equally, and most people won't blink on either. Only people that have particulary strong feelings about &quot;right&quot; ways of speaking would care if you don't use the dictionary form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, as an edge case there are heteronyms, there aren't a lot of widely used ones, but &lt;code&gt;замОк&lt;/code&gt; (lock) and &lt;code&gt;зАмок&lt;/code&gt;(castle) are among the most common examples. You should know the difference with them and just you what you need to. In writing, the meaning is derived from context, just as with English examples (dEsert as area vs. desErt as an army desertion).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure of an example, but those cases might mix and match - some stresses would be wholly invalid, while others would simply be less accurate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8909" LastEditorUserId="8909" LastEditDate="2018-08-08T14:13:28.617" LastActivityDate="2018-08-08T14:13:28.617" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16884" CreationDate="2018-08-06T15:58:46.810" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some works exploring stress variability in Russian show sufficient difference between the declared standards and real language spoken by educated natives. E. Marklund Sharapova (2000) tested 106 speakers in Moscow and found out that most of them considered it unnatural the 'standard' stress on &lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;em&gt;начался́ / заперся́ / обнялся́&lt;/em&gt;. This conclusion might change my previous opinion: I used to think that the version &lt;strong&gt;на́чался&lt;/strong&gt; was more typical for St. Petersburg (the words &lt;strong&gt;пока не на́чался джаз&lt;/strong&gt; from a song by a local musician Grebenschikov never sounded strange to me), than for Moscow. The normative version &lt;strong&gt;начался́&lt;/strong&gt; sounds a bit &lt;em&gt;formal&lt;/em&gt; to me, expectable to hear it in some news by a central TV channel, or maybe I'd even use it myself when speaking about the beginning of a concert, as opposed to the case of a sudden rain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A page from the book &lt;strong&gt;Акцент и ударение в русском языке&lt;/strong&gt; by &lt;em&gt;Вернер Лефельдт&lt;/em&gt;, where E. Marklund Sharapova's work is quoted:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=tcrLAAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA116&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ots=EGW2WwvDbH&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U3R40LLW0pIAcLRAfwTIzxhSoNhjw&amp;amp;w=1280&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=tcrLAAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA116&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ots=EGW2WwvDbH&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U3R40LLW0pIAcLRAfwTIzxhSoNhjw&amp;amp;w=1280&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-09-02T16:39:47.103" LastActivityDate="2018-09-02T16:39:47.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16934" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16935" CreationDate="2018-08-06T16:13:27.147" Score="4" ViewCount="102" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do they describe in Russian the act of a soldier clicking his heels together, which was very common in the pre-revolutionary Russian army?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, how to say in Russian &quot;I saw him click his heels together when the general approached him&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2018-08-06T16:51:05.340" Title="How do they describe in Russian the act of a soldier clicking his heels together?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16934" CreationDate="2018-08-06T16:27:12.140" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;em&gt;щёлкать/щёлкнуть каблуками&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я увидел, как он щёлкнул каблуками, когда генерал приблизился (к нему). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-08-06T16:51:05.340" LastActivityDate="2018-08-06T16:51:05.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16936" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16937" CreationDate="2018-08-06T16:55:57.297" Score="4" ViewCount="104" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the correct way to describe in Russian a beam-ceilinged room, that is, a room with wooden beams in its ceiling?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/b59YA.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/b59YA.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gVuPe.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gVuPe.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/A86my.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/A86my.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-08-06T17:17:42.233" LastActivityDate="2018-08-06T18:30:10.660" Title="What's the correct way to describe in Russian a beam-ceilinged room?" Tags="&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16936" CreationDate="2018-08-06T17:08:15.117" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is &lt;code&gt;здание/комната c перекрытиями балочного типа&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's &lt;a href=&quot;http://samdomstroy.by/roofs/floor-timber.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a quote&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;По типу конструкции перекрытия, применяемые в индивидуальном&#xA;  строительстве можно разделить на две группы:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;балочные – состоят из несущего элемента (балки) и заполнителя, обеспечивающего тепло- и звукоизоляцию.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;безбалочные – выполняемые из готовых плит или панелей.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Балочный&lt;/code&gt; here is derived from &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;балка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; which &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;is&lt;/a&gt; predictably a beam. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-08-06T17:08:15.117" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16936" CreationDate="2018-08-06T18:30:10.660" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Strictly speaking, those are different types of &quot;перекрытие&quot;, respectively, &quot;перекрытие без подшивки потолком&quot;, and two cases of &quot;[дом, здание] без чердачного перекрытия&quot;. I wouldn't know the English terms off the bat, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-08-06T18:30:10.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16939" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16941" CreationDate="2018-08-06T23:47:42.727" Score="2" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do they express in Russian a range of age of a given group of people?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, &quot;to range&quot; is rendered as &quot;колебаться&quot; in statistics, that is, in dealing with big sets of elements that are still subject to change. For example, &quot;Возраст водителей-дальнобольщиков в России колеблется от 25 до 45 лет&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, what about a case of a small group of people, say 11, that is not subject to any change (that is, no new members will be added and not one member will be out). For example, &quot;The victims of yesterday's shooting ranged in age from 11 to 63&quot;. If the number of victims is 11 and all victims are identified (that is, each victim's age is precisely known) then it seems to be wrong to use &quot;колеблется&quot; in this case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Возраст одиннадцати убитых колеблется от 11 до 63&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2018-08-07T05:13:59.047" Title="How do they express in Russian a range of age of a precise group of people?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16939" CreationDate="2018-08-07T04:25:49.197" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Describing a quantified value, you could say &quot;колеблется/изменяется [в пределах]&quot; -- &quot;oscillates/changes [in certain range]&quot;, &quot;находится в пределах от ... до ...&quot; -- &quot;[its value] is in range&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-08-07T04:25:49.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16941" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16939" CreationDate="2018-08-07T05:13:59.047" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The choice depends on how &lt;em&gt;formal&lt;/em&gt; it should sound. The versions below begin with the least formal one (fresh news, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Убитым во вчерашней перестрелке было от 11 до 63 лет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Во вчерашней перестрелке погибли люди в возрасте от 11 до 63 лет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Убитые во вчерашней перестрелке были в возрасте от 11 до 63 лет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Убитые во вчерашней перестрелке по возрасту были от 11 до 63 лет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Police report style:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Установленный возраст&lt;/em&gt; убитых во вчерашней перестрелке &lt;strong&gt;находится в&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;диапазоне&lt;/strong&gt; (or &lt;strong&gt;составил&lt;/strong&gt;) от 11 до 63 лет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pure statistics:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Убитые во вчерашней перестрелке &lt;strong&gt;принадлежат&lt;/strong&gt; обширной &lt;strong&gt;возрастной&#xA;  группе&lt;/strong&gt; - от 11 до 63 лет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-08-07T05:13:59.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16942" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16943" CreationDate="2018-08-07T05:45:27.030" Score="-3" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какой вид цикла имеется в виду, если человек зацикливается на чем-л.?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While или for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или это образное сравнение с менструацией?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastActivityDate="2018-08-07T08:37:21.667" Title="Тип цикла какой подразумевается?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-08-07T10:57:02.933" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16942" CreationDate="2018-08-07T06:14:31.330" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подразумевается &lt;strong&gt;замкнутый&lt;/strong&gt; (повторяющийся) цикл (repeated cycle of thinking). It's about &lt;strong&gt;becoming obsessed&lt;/strong&gt; with something. Человек переживает или пытается до конца осмыслить навязчивую тему, но всякий раз возвращается к началу своих переживаний, и всё повторяется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-08-07T08:37:21.667" LastActivityDate="2018-08-07T08:37:21.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16944" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16945" CreationDate="2018-08-07T19:15:20.993" Score="3" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нам есть, чему поучиться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume the entire phrase means something along the lines of &quot;we could learn a thing or two from them/that&quot;, but I'm not sure how to parse this construction, interpreting it more literally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-08-15T15:25:47.873" Title="How to parse &quot;Нам есть, чему поучиться&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16945" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16944" CreationDate="2018-08-07T20:23:22.293" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess it can be parsed as follows&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There's (that) which is for us to learn&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian it's an impersonal construction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reverse construction would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У нас есть чему поучиться - We have (that) which is to be learned&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; is inflected in Dative as &lt;strong&gt;чему&lt;/strong&gt; because this is the case in which the verb &lt;strong&gt;учиться&lt;/strong&gt; accepts object denoting the item of learning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically &lt;code&gt;object in Dative + есть + relative pronoun + infinitive&lt;/code&gt; is a stable construction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нам &lt;strong&gt;есть куда&lt;/strong&gt; пойти - We have places to go (there's no shortage) &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;more lit. There're places for us to go&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;negative&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;em&gt;Нам &lt;strong&gt;некуда&lt;/strong&gt;...  - We have no...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Им &lt;strong&gt;есть что&lt;/strong&gt; смотреть - They have something/things to watch (there's no shortage)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;negative&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;em&gt;Им &lt;strong&gt;нечего&lt;/strong&gt; ... - They have nothing ...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;есть зачем&lt;/strong&gt; жить - I have reasons to live/what to live for&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;negative&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;em&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;незачем&lt;/strong&gt; ... - I have no reasons to live/nothing to live for&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-08-15T06:37:31.237" LastActivityDate="2018-08-15T06:37:31.237" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13563" CreationDate="2018-08-07T20:35:37.820" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Layered hairstyle - &quot;слои&quot;, in professional terminology. For the clients you can say &quot;текстурированная стрижка&quot;, the same as choppy hairstyle - &quot;подвижная текстура волос&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Funky look - молодёжный/ стильный/ эксцентричный/&#xA;утрированный стиль одежды. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Messy look, messy hair - прибрежный стиль.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Crop hair - на висках и затылке градация с нуля и слои в теменной зоне, in professional terminology. &quot;Стрижка под мальчика&quot; in very simple words.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Rough look - очень мужественный вид.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To carry a haircut - носить стрижку.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To carry a bang on one... - носить чёлку на одну или обе стороны.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sideswept bang - универсальная чёлка/ чёлка на обе стороны.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Trandy look - модный образ.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;To adopt a side bang... - вписать чёлку в прическу/ адаптировать боковую чёлку к прическе.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tones of blond - оттенки/цвета блонда, literally blond translates as светлый, but we (both hairdressers and client) don't use this word, we use blond=блонд, блондинка - girl with light hair.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Razor cut hairstyles - Стрижка бритвой.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Up do - высокая прическа.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;New hairstyle styles - новые тенденции в стрижка, features - элементы in haircuts.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10854" LastEditorUserId="4481" LastEditDate="2018-08-08T06:27:10.720" LastActivityDate="2018-08-08T06:27:10.720" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16944" CreationDate="2018-08-07T20:45:19.277" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нам есть чему поучиться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's an impersonal sentence which is formed with the verb &quot;to be&quot;(есть ), an object in the form of a pronoun in the dative case(чему), another verb in the infinitive form (поучиться)functioning as an attribute to the object, and the agent of the action expressed by the infinitive also in the dative, which is traditional in impersonal sentences. It corresponds to English &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There's something to learn for us.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a lot of sentences of this kind and there's &lt;strong&gt;never a comma&lt;/strong&gt; in them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-08-08T07:21:01.810" LastActivityDate="2018-08-08T07:21:01.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16948" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16971" CreationDate="2018-08-07T20:45:45.620" Score="2" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он уже и &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;тебе&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;клинья подбивал&lt;/strong&gt;, верно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering that they are talking about a ladykiller, I assume this phrase essentially means &quot;try to seduce someone&quot;, but I'm not sure how to interpret &quot;клинья подбивать&quot; literally. Can the perfect &quot;подбить&quot; be used as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-08-07T21:03:31.763" LastActivityDate="2018-08-09T08:57:36.350" Title="The meaning and usage of &quot;к кому-либо клинья подбивать&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16948" CreationDate="2018-08-07T20:57:43.140" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The idiom is &lt;strong&gt;подбивать клинья&lt;/strong&gt; used mostly with the imperfect form showing the process of courting. Perhaps the perfective form can be used in the infinitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну, что, не удалось тебе к ней клинья подбить? (Rare)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Смотри-ка, так и вьется вокруг нее, клинья подбивает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a colloquial idiom meaning &amp;quot;courting&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for a literal meaning, It's &amp;quot;to drive a wedge&amp;quot;, a sharp triangle piece of wood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-08T05:25:34.760" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16950" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16952" CreationDate="2018-08-08T00:04:11.397" Score="2" ViewCount="131" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm an English speaker learning Russian and from the little bit of French that I know the negation construct &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ne pas&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; feels quite similar to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;не раз&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there in fact a historical connection between these two negation constructs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10407" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-08-08T13:10:35.967" LastActivityDate="2018-08-08T13:10:35.967" Title="&quot;Ne pas&quot; and &quot;не раз&quot;" Tags="&lt;other-languages&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16950" CreationDate="2018-08-08T07:17:39.280" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think there's any connection between these two phrases. What attracts attention is a mere coincidence in written forms,the visual image,  so to say. Though going deeper into the matter, we can admit that the meanings are different. If the French phrase is translated &quot;not&quot;, the Russian one is &quot; not once,more than once&quot;.&#xA;But in the whole, we can say that since French was more popular with the nobility than any other language in the 19th century, and because of the war of 1812, Russian got borrowings from French.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-08-08T07:17:39.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16950" CreationDate="2018-08-08T09:43:07.563" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The constructs are not linked etymologically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The French &lt;em&gt;pas&lt;/em&gt; comes from the Latin word for &quot;step&quot; and the constructs like &quot;ne … pas&quot; originally literally meant &quot;don't (move, walk etc.) a single step&quot;, and were only used with the actual verbs of motion. &lt;em&gt;Pas&lt;/em&gt; has later grammaticalized (become a function word rather than a content word) and is now used with all verbs, not only verbs of motion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian &lt;em&gt;раз&lt;/em&gt; originally meant &quot;strike&quot; and is cognate to &lt;em&gt;разить&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;to strike&quot;, &quot;to hit&quot;). &lt;em&gt;За один раз&lt;/em&gt; originally meant &quot;in one strike&quot;, then the metaphor had worn out and the word's original meaning had been forgotten. This word is still a content word (meaning &quot;time&quot;, &quot;repetition&quot;) but has also acquired a grammatical role (&lt;em&gt;раз ты такой большой, иди работать&lt;/em&gt; // &quot;Now that your are all grown up, go find a job&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those constructs are indeed similar in the sense that they both started as metaphors (&quot;a single step&quot; in French, &quot;a single strike&quot; in Russian) which later lost their metaphorical meanings and became integral parts of their respective languages. However, there is no historical or etymological connection between them, those are parallel independent developments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-08-08T09:43:07.563" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16954" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16958" CreationDate="2018-08-08T17:24:28.383" Score="5" ViewCount="564" Body="&lt;p&gt;What were the names of the Russian letters и and i in the pre-1918 Russian alphabet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5375" LastActivityDate="2018-08-10T17:27:07.457" Title="Names of pre-1918 letters" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;&lt;дореформенная-орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16954" CreationDate="2018-08-08T18:11:14.270" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;They're named &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Иже&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86_(%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;І&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (pronounced as [и] i surmise) or &lt;strong&gt;И восьмеричное&lt;/strong&gt;  and &lt;strong&gt;И десятиричное&lt;/strong&gt; respectively &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0#%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt; &lt;strong&gt;[ 1 ]&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; due to numerical values used to be assigned to them &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0#%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[ 2 ]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oofNW.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oofNW.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-08-08T18:23:51.380" LastActivityDate="2018-08-08T18:23:51.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16956" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16957" CreationDate="2018-08-08T18:26:45.693" Score="2" ViewCount="86" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дарование &lt;strong&gt;вовсе не&lt;/strong&gt; обязательно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;нисколько не&lt;/strong&gt; сомневаюсь в том, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume they both essentially mean &amp;quot;not at all&amp;quot;, emphasising negation, but I'm not sure how they differ in meaning and usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the former often coupled with an adjective/adverb and the latter with a verb?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-08T23:18:17.083" Title="When to use &quot;вовсе не&quot; and when to use &quot;нисколько не&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16956" CreationDate="2018-08-08T18:56:21.007" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess they can be thought of in terms of the following distinction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вовсе не  = совсем не = отнюдь не&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;very high register&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;code&gt;not at all&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;нисколько&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;conjoined&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; не = ничуть не = ни капли/грамма не&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;colloquial&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;code&gt;not in the slightest&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;not a/the least bit&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-08-08T20:40:16.380" LastActivityDate="2018-08-08T20:40:16.380" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16954" CreationDate="2018-08-08T19:35:45.083" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Поскольку ответы в одно предложение, насколько я помню, против правил (в таких случаях рекомендуется дать больше информации), даю название всех букв.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Названия букв в старой орфографии.  В квадратных скобках сама буква, если она не совпадает с первой буквой названия.  В круглых скобках вариант названия или (курсивом) моё примечание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;азъ, буки, вѣди, глаголь, добро, есть, живѣте, земля, иже (и восьмеричное), i (i десятеричное), и съ краткой (&lt;em&gt;не уверен, что считалось отдельной буквой&lt;/em&gt;), како, люди, мыслѣте, нашъ, онъ, покой, рцы, слово, твердо, укъ, фертъ, хѣръ, цы, червь, ша, ща, еръ &lt;code&gt;[ъ]&lt;/code&gt;, еры &lt;code&gt;[ы]&lt;/code&gt;, ерь &lt;code&gt;[ь]&lt;/code&gt;, ять &lt;code&gt;[ѣ]&lt;/code&gt;, э (оборотное э), ю, я, ѳита (&lt;em&gt;в современной орфографии - фита&lt;/em&gt;), ижица &lt;code&gt;[ѵ]&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правописание названий букв по книге &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.runivers.ru/bookreader/book192769/#page/42/mode/1up&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Россiйская грамматика&lt;/a&gt;&quot; Ломоносова, стр. 41-42 в источнике. Не все буквы у него есть, правописание названий других букв по &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_alphabet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian alphabet в английской википедии&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ижица была отменена Петром I, потом то вводилась, то отменялась, к концу 19 века формально осталась, но в грамматике 1870-х пишется, что она употребляется только в одном слове : мѵро.  Я не уверен, правильно ли было писать ижица или ѵжица.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: старые названия стали выходить из употребления и заменяться новыми с конца 19 века. Так, название &quot;твёрдый знак&quot; впервые употребляется в Корпусе русского языка в 1875 году (путевые заметки), а второй раз в 1896 году (&quot;Олеся&quot; Куприна). &quot;Ер&quot; в тот период употребляется только в речи детей и малограмотных персонажей, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дело идёт хорошо, Люба быстро постигает премудрость чтения и письма,&#xA;  пачкает чернилами и пальцы и нос, Ванюшка хмурится, басит ещё гуще,&#xA;  чем летом, пишет вместо буквы «р» везде твёрдый знак, верёвка у него&#xA;  выходит въевка, верхом ― въхом. Когда учительница объясняет, что это&#xA;  не так, он солидно спорит: ― А как же? «Ер» ― в нём сразу две буквы, я&#xA;  и пишу ер, чтобы скорее было написано… Нету ера? А дедушка говорит ―&#xA;  есть он? В конце слов? Мм… [Максим Горький. Большая любовь (1912)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2018-08-10T17:27:07.457" LastActivityDate="2018-08-10T17:27:07.457" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16959" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16956" CreationDate="2018-08-08T20:23:41.733" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вовсе не&lt;/strong&gt; is about plain denying a &lt;em&gt;fact&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;not at all&lt;/strong&gt; or '&lt;strong&gt;absolutely not&lt;/strong&gt;':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You &lt;em&gt;absolutely don't&lt;/em&gt; have to be gifted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нисколько&lt;/strong&gt; is literally about &lt;em&gt;quantity&lt;/em&gt; and means '&lt;strong&gt;no amount&lt;/strong&gt; (of doubt)'. &lt;strong&gt;Нисколько не&lt;/strong&gt; in combination with a verb means '&lt;strong&gt;to no extent&lt;/strong&gt;', so here are possible translations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To &lt;em&gt;no extent&lt;/em&gt; I doubt, that...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have &lt;em&gt;not the least&lt;/em&gt; doubt, that...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-08T20:23:41.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16956" CreationDate="2018-08-08T20:28:51.233" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нисколько не&lt;/strong&gt; is used as a slight exaggeration mostly with verbs and predicatives (in impersonal sentences ) like нисколько не жалко, нисколько не больно, мне нисколько не хочется. It isn't used with adjectives though or nouns. The meaning is &quot;absolutely &quot;not in any amount&quot;( ни в коей мере).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я нисколько в этом не сомневаюсь – Я совершенно в этом не сомневаюсь&#xA;  Он нисколько не жалел о содеянном – Он совсем не жалел о содеянном&#xA;  Он нисколько не сомневался в сказанном – Он абсолютно не сомневался в сказанном&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вовсе не&lt;/strong&gt; is highly colloquial, used more often to express a firm negation, when a person is confident.(уверенное отрицание). The usage is more universal, it can be followed by a verb, a predicative, an adverb, an adjective, a noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вовсе не собирался вас обижать. Он вовсе не бедный человек. Мне вовсе не жалко. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-08-08T20:28:51.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16961" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16969" CreationDate="2018-08-09T00:29:10.420" Score="3" ViewCount="114" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну и досталось же ему от моей сестры!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are talking about a ladykiller trying to seduce a girl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't make head nor tail of the meaning of this sentence. I wonder if &quot;dative + достаться + от&quot; makes up a set expression?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-08-09T19:47:38.537" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T07:28:16.460" Title="How to parse and interpret &quot;Ну и досталось же ему от моей сестры!&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16962" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16970" CreationDate="2018-08-09T00:41:22.983" Score="1" ViewCount="83" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most verbs derived from &lt;strong&gt;учиться&lt;/strong&gt; answer the question &quot;&lt;strong&gt;чему&lt;/strong&gt;?&quot;. However, my textbook just cites &quot;&lt;strong&gt;делать что&lt;/strong&gt;?&quot; as the question to be answered by &lt;strong&gt;разучиться&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can разучиться be followed by a noun rather than a verb, and if so does the noun take the dative case like учиться, научиться and обучаться?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-08-09T08:38:34.837" Title="Case after разучиться" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16963" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-09T00:43:52.393" Score="3" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(From young to old) – &lt;strong&gt;никому прохода не даст&lt;/strong&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are talking about a ladykiller's taste in women covering a broad spectrum from young to old.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if this phrase means something along the lines of &quot;no one slips under his radar&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-08-09T19:49:16.017" LastActivityDate="2018-08-09T19:49:16.017" Title="How to parse and interpret &quot;никому прохода не даст”?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16964" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-09T00:59:47.350" Score="6" ViewCount="189" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed that some imperfective verbs are converted to the perfective by just adding a prefix. However and oddly enough, sometimes there's an alternate imperfective formed from an internal modification of the prefixed verb itself!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not taking into account verbs in which the prefix conveys a different meaning rather than just changing the verb aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;code&gt;делать&lt;/code&gt;, meaning &lt;em&gt;&quot;to do&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, is imperfective; if we add the prefix &lt;strong&gt;под&lt;/strong&gt;, the word becomes &lt;code&gt;подделать&lt;/code&gt;, which is &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt; and means &lt;em&gt;&quot;to falsify&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. If we want to change the new verb to imperfective once again, then an internal modification is required, and thus it becomes &lt;code&gt;подделывать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now to the point: the verb &lt;strong&gt;цвести&lt;/strong&gt; (&quot;to flourish&quot;) is imperfective and its perfective counterpart is &lt;strong&gt;расцвести&lt;/strong&gt;. However, it seems that &lt;code&gt;расцвести&lt;/code&gt; accepts two imperfectives: both the &quot;original&quot;, unprefixed &lt;code&gt;цвести&lt;/code&gt;, and a variation from the prefixed verb itself: &lt;strong&gt;расцветать&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same goes for &lt;strong&gt;растянуть&lt;/strong&gt;, which, apparently, accepts both &lt;strong&gt;тянуть&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;растягивать&lt;/strong&gt; as imperfectives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, is there any difference in meaning, or are both imperfectives interchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2018-10-20T13:21:08.600" LastActivityDate="2018-10-20T13:21:08.600" Title="Are &quot;тянуть&quot; and &quot;растягивать&quot; equivalent?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16961" CreationDate="2018-08-09T01:01:54.100" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case &quot;досталось&quot; is a short form of an idiom  &lt;strong&gt;&quot;достаться на орехи&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;&quot;got punished / got scolded&quot;&lt;/em&gt; depending on the context. The referred punishment is not too harsh, but palpable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Assuming that the main character was verbally abused, the phrase can be interpreted as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну и досталось же ему от моей сестры! - &lt;em&gt;Well, he got totally scolded by my sister!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other forms of the idiom are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;достаться на калачи&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;получить на орехи&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Смотри, достанется! &lt;em&gt;(as a warning)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2018-08-09T01:01:54.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16963" CreationDate="2018-08-09T01:18:19.153" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Не давать прохода&quot; literally means that wherever you go, there's a crowd gathering around you, so you can't go through. Because you are so popular, etc. It's usually exaggerated, for example, if you're a pretty girl every man is trying to hit on, people may say: &quot;Ей мужики не дают прохода.&quot; - although, literally, that's not true, you could just ignore them and go where you need. I don't remember seeing it used the other way around (e. g. a single person &quot;не даёт прохода&quot; to multiple other persons), but I guess that's a legitimate usage as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2018-08-09T01:18:19.153" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16963" CreationDate="2018-08-09T01:19:15.800" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your translation &lt;em&gt;&quot;no one slips under his radar&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is very close, if you assume that &lt;em&gt;&quot;no one&quot;&lt;/em&gt; are all women.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Никому прохода не даст / никому прохода не даёт - &lt;em&gt;He keeps bugging / harassing everyone (implied every girl)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another idiom with a similar meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ни одной юбки не пропустит - &lt;em&gt;He won't miss a single skirt.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2018-08-09T01:19:15.800" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16962" CreationDate="2018-08-09T01:36:26.417" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it can't be followed by a noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say &quot;учиться стрелять&quot; or &quot;учиться стрельбе&quot;, both are OK. But only &quot;разучиться стрелять&quot;. You can't say &quot;разучиться стрельбе&quot;, it is wrong. If you use &quot;разучиться&quot; in more complicated cases, you would have to re-phrase, if there's no one-to-one correspondence between a noun and a verb. For example, you can't simply invert &quot;учиться военному делу настоящим образом&quot;, would have to say something like &quot;разучиться воевать&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2018-08-09T01:36:26.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16961" CreationDate="2018-08-09T06:46:38.953" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Достаться + object in Dative&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;to be received by&lt;/code&gt; (usually in the context of distribution among a group of people) or &lt;code&gt;to accrue to&lt;/code&gt;, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нашему атлету досталась бронзовая медаль - A bronze medal was received by our athlete&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;In the idiom, with the addition of preposition &lt;code&gt;от&lt;/code&gt;, it means being on the &lt;em&gt;receiving&lt;/em&gt; end of someone else's rage or violence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is again an impersonal construction, that which is &lt;em&gt;received&lt;/em&gt; is only implied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;ну и&lt;/code&gt; here is an intensifying cluster expressing enthusiasm, cheer and a kind of post factum encouragement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-08-09T09:43:23.683" LastActivityDate="2018-08-09T09:43:23.683" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16962" CreationDate="2018-08-09T08:38:34.837" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Разучиться &lt;strong&gt;only&lt;/strong&gt; takes an &lt;em&gt;infinitive&lt;/em&gt; after it: &lt;strong&gt;разучиться&lt;/strong&gt; (что делать?) &lt;strong&gt;стрелять&lt;/strong&gt;. A similar verb &lt;strong&gt;отучить(ся)&lt;/strong&gt; (= to quit some habit or make somebody quit it) can take either an &lt;em&gt;infinitive&lt;/em&gt;  (&lt;strong&gt;отучить&lt;/strong&gt; кого-либо &lt;strong&gt;поступать&lt;/strong&gt; так-то) or a &lt;em&gt;noun&lt;/em&gt; with the &lt;em&gt;preposition&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;от&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;отучить/ся/ от привычки&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-08-09T08:38:34.837" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16948" CreationDate="2018-08-09T08:57:36.350" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The idiom doesn't always mean romantic interest, though that is the most common usage. It can be used as a substitution for &quot;trying to gain favor with&quot; in any situation, for example, with a boss at work. It also colors the attempt (of gaining favor) as obvious, and is most often used ironically, to poke at a person doing this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8909" LastActivityDate="2018-08-09T08:57:36.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16972" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16964" CreationDate="2018-08-09T09:39:59.043" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally the two imperfectives are not interchangeable but sometimes they can be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Рвать цветы = (roughly same as) срывать цветы = pick flowers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &quot;срывать сроки&quot; (break the deadlines) cannot be put as &quot;рвать сроки&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Verbs such as расцветать, срывать are called &quot;secondary imperfectives&quot;. Try googling that for more information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-08-09T09:39:59.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16964" CreationDate="2018-08-09T10:58:52.213" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there is a difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;тянуть — to pull&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;растянуть – to stretch (not exactly, only as in &quot;to stretch leather&quot;, not as in &quot;to stretch arms&quot;, that would be вытянуть)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;растягивать – to be stretching smth&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same goes for other verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2018-08-09T10:58:52.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16964" CreationDate="2018-08-09T14:29:04.733" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A prefixed verb is &lt;em&gt;not just a version&lt;/em&gt; of an unprefixed one: prefixes &lt;strong&gt;modify the sense&lt;/strong&gt; of verbs, and that is not limited to changing their 'perfectiveness'.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;тянуть&lt;/strong&gt; - to pull something (with an unknown result)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;растянуть&lt;/strong&gt; - to stretch something, to make it longer by pulling in two directions (or in one direction, with one end of it fixed)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;растягивать&lt;/strong&gt; - to do that stretching continuously or from time to time (imperfective version of &lt;em&gt;растянуть&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;натягивать&lt;/strong&gt; - to &lt;em&gt;pull on&lt;/em&gt; something&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;натянуть&lt;/strong&gt; - perfective version of &lt;em&gt;натягивать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same with the other prefixed verbs having different sense: &lt;em&gt;вытянуть/вытягивать, затянуть/затягивать, притянуть/притягивать, оттянуть/оттягивать&lt;/em&gt;, and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-08-09T14:29:04.733" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16975" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-09T21:51:58.523" Score="1" ViewCount="86" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А я уже был мужчиной и &lt;strong&gt;воспринимал&lt;/strong&gt; ее примерно так, как &lt;strong&gt;воспринимают&lt;/strong&gt; возвышенное произведение искусства. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The speaker uses the verb &quot;воспринимать&quot; twice, but what effect does it have to switch from 1st singular to 3rd plural like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;{compared to}: А я уже был мужчиной и &lt;strong&gt;воспринимал&lt;/strong&gt; ее примерно так, как &lt;strong&gt;воспринимаю&lt;/strong&gt; возвышенное произведение искусства. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-08-10T10:19:21.163" Title="The effect of switching from 1st singular to 3rd plural: &quot;я воспринимал ее примерно так, как воспринимают ...&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16975" CreationDate="2018-08-10T00:39:49.653" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;... воспринимал ее примерно так, как [люди] воспринимают возвышенное произведение искусства&quot; - in English you would probably use &quot;they&quot;, in Russian it is omitted. The effect it has is to make it sound more abstract and impersonate, e. g. in the second part of the sentence you're not talking about yourself, you're not talking about her - you're talking about how people, in general, perceive works of art.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second sentence you're still talking specifically about yourself: &quot;... воспринимал её примерно так, как [я] воспринимаю возвышенное произведение искусства&quot;. Well, okay, but who knows what's your personal perception of artworks is? Also, I am not sure if this sentence is wrong, but I find it kinda unnatural, I'd rather say &quot;... как воспринимал бы возвышенное произведение искусства.&quot; Or maybe put those art works in plural: &quot;... как воспринимаю возвышенн&lt;strong&gt;ые&lt;/strong&gt; произведен&lt;strong&gt;ия&lt;/strong&gt; искусства&quot; - don't know why, but it turns it into something more like &quot;как [я обычно] воспринимаю [какое-нибудь] возвышенное произведение искусства.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2018-08-10T00:39:49.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16977" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-10T01:43:08.303" Score="3" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;С чего это&lt;/strong&gt; ты вдруг стал обо мне заботиться? А?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{по сравнению с}: &lt;strong&gt;Отчего&lt;/strong&gt; ты вдруг стал обо мне заботиться? А?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чем отличается по смыслу «с чего» от «отчего» в это предложении? Слова вроде похожи, но полагаю, различие всё равно ощущается. Возможно, используют «с чего», когда удивились, что что-то случилось неожиданным образом?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Интересно, кстати, почему подчеркивающая частица «это», похоже, не подходит к использованию с «отчего»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Отчего это&lt;/strong&gt; ты вдруг стал обо мне заботиться? А?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-09-02T10:37:16.447" Title="В чём разница в смысле между «С чего это ты ...» и «Отчего ты ...»?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16977" CreationDate="2018-08-10T04:59:31.900" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first version sounds &lt;strong&gt;unfriendly&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt; emphasizes it) and expresses suspicion of hidden motives. And it's rather a rhetorical question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why on earth would you start taking care of me all of a sudden?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one is &lt;em&gt;more neutral&lt;/em&gt;, but the included &lt;strong&gt;вдруг&lt;/strong&gt; also expresses some suspicion or surprise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why (for what reason) did you start taking care of me all of a sudden?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-08-10T05:06:38.440" LastActivityDate="2018-08-10T05:06:38.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16979" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="16982" CreationDate="2018-08-10T08:15:24.410" Score="3" ViewCount="259" Body="&lt;p&gt;I mostly use the following for &lt;em&gt;&quot;What do you think?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;как ты думаешь? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand there can be many variants of the aforementioned question, and I have seen a few of them. I was recently following a thread on Reddit and somebody was called out for using &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;что ты думаешь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe its the artless state of my Russian, but I cant understand why that would be incorrect? Does it not mean the same or at least something similar?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10791" LastActivityDate="2018-08-10T16:19:55.947" Title="Why was &quot;что ты думаешь&quot; deemed incorrect?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16980" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-10T08:58:26.287" Score="6" ViewCount="528" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какое из предложенний построенно корректно? Почему?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Лампа не существует&quot; И.П.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Лампы не существует&quot; Р.П.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10864" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-08-10T14:32:27.150" LastActivityDate="2019-04-20T12:09:36.590" Title="Управление &quot;не существует&quot; - именительный или родительный падеж?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16979" CreationDate="2018-08-10T09:21:58.670" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both these questions are normal in Russian, but there is a difference in usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question with &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; is used when you ask to express an opinion about something. You introduce the subject with &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; preposition or with words like &lt;strong&gt;насчёт&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;по поводу&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Что ты думаешь о глобальном потеплении?&lt;/em&gt; -  What do you think about global warming?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question with &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; is used when you ask to make a choice of something (including questions you can answer with yes/no). There is no preposition:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как ты думаешь, завтра будет дождь или нет?&lt;/em&gt; -  What do you think, will it rain tomorrow or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notable that use of &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; was normal in this case a hundred years ago or so. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you just said something and want your interlocutor to reply in some way, both questions will work:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;[А] как ты думаешь?&lt;/em&gt; (more usual, less formal)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;[А] что ты думаешь?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If in doubt, opt for &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt;. In the worst case you will sound old-fashioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-08-10T09:21:58.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16982" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16979" CreationDate="2018-08-10T09:58:46.027" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Что ты думаешь... ?&lt;/strong&gt; is an &lt;em&gt;unfinished&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;incomplete&lt;/em&gt; question. Its complete form is something like &lt;strong&gt;Что ты &lt;em&gt;об этом&lt;/em&gt; думаешь... ?&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;Что ты думаешь по этому поводу&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(на этот счёт, об этом)&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/strong&gt; Some words &lt;strong&gt;must&lt;/strong&gt; be included in the &lt;strong&gt;question itself&lt;/strong&gt;, while the question &lt;strong&gt;Как ты думаешь?&lt;/strong&gt; does &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; need that. However, it still needs a previous context, typically a more detailed question, so &lt;strong&gt;Как ты думаешь?&lt;/strong&gt; is about someone's personal opinion on the subject and it much better corresponds to the mentioned English version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-08-10T09:58:46.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16975" CreationDate="2018-08-10T10:19:21.163" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for the part in the 3 person plural: it's &lt;strong&gt;Indefinite-personal sentence&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;неопределённо-личное предложение&lt;/em&gt;) in Russian. English versions use pronouns or some nouns to express the &lt;em&gt;same&lt;/em&gt; sense: &lt;strong&gt;as &lt;em&gt;they/people/you&lt;/em&gt; (usually) perceive lofty fine arts&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;as &lt;em&gt;one&lt;/em&gt; perceives&lt;/strong&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-08-10T10:19:21.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16980" CreationDate="2018-08-10T11:03:21.357" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;В &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=2bfJAAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA301&amp;amp;lpg=PA301&amp;amp;dq=%D1%81%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%81+%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=kQHzASgJy_&amp;amp;sig=9NecI5U3-u9G2n3m6M-SxpUlhsA&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwj_qLi7qOLcAhViApoKHeE_B30Q6AEwAHoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D1%81%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%81%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC%20%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;статье&lt;/a&gt; Менгель С. &quot;К вопросу о падежной вариативности в русских конструкциях с отрицанием&quot; в сборнике &quot;Горизонты современной лингвистики. Традиции и новаторство: сборник в честь Е. С. Кубряковой&quot; сказано:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Единственным из экзистенциальных глаголов, допускающим как&#xA;  именительный, так и родительный падеж при отрицании, является глагол&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;существовать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но на мой взгляд формы именительного и родительного падежей не полностью взаимозаменяемы, так как отличаются семантическим оттенком. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом корректны оба варианта.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-08-10T14:42:04.407" LastActivityDate="2018-08-10T14:42:04.407" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16985" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16979" CreationDate="2018-08-10T16:19:55.947" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Simple &quot;what do you think?&quot; should be translated as &quot;что думаешь?&quot; or &quot;как думаешь?&quot;, but the context should be clear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it's &quot;what do you think [about something]?&quot;, than it should be translated like other guys already said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-08-10T16:19:55.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16986" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-11T17:56:40.177" Score="3" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've just learnt on another &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/16977/%D0%92-%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BC-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0-%D0%B2-%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83-%D0%A1-%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%B8-%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D1%82%D1%8B&quot;&gt;post&lt;/a&gt; that starting a sentence with «с чего» serves to set an unfriendly and rhetorical tone. So I was wondering if I could say something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И &lt;strong&gt;с чего&lt;/strong&gt; ты взяла, что можешь мне указывать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{with the meaning of}: Where do you get off telling me what to do?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, the phrase &amp;quot;Where do you get off ...&amp;quot; comes in handy when you want to sharply reply to a remark that you find rude, uncalled for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the use of «с чего» fit the bill? If not, how do Russian speakers commonly express this idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-11T19:52:14.597" Title="In Russian, how do you say &quot;Where do you get off telling me what to do?!&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16987" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16986" CreationDate="2018-08-11T18:21:13.250" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;(I just learned an English phrase &lt;em&gt;Where do you get off&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;s=where%20do%20you%20get%20off&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Multitran&lt;/a&gt; however it's translated differently, which is supported by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=where%20do%20you%20get%20off&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Urban dictionary&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the more accurate parallel of the Russian expression would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Where do/did you get this idea of having the right to give me orders?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?a=3&amp;amp;s=%D1%20%F7%E5%E3%EE%20%F2%FB%20%E2%E7%FF%EB,%20%F7%F2%EE%20...&amp;amp;sc=0&amp;amp;l1=2&amp;amp;l2=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Multitran&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Whatever gave you the idea that...?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What made you think that...?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-08-11T18:21:13.250" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16986" CreationDate="2018-08-11T19:52:14.597" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;С чего&quot; is sharp but is considered unliterary, too. (Arguably) better would be to use literary &quot;а почему ...&quot; (slightly less emotional) or &quot;да почему ...&quot; (more emotional), which are of almost equal sharpness, and literary in the bargain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-08-11T19:52:14.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16989" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-13T14:35:23.133" Score="2" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;p&gt;What would be the translation of this idiom? I can't seem to find it anywhere online and I'm not too sure if &lt;code&gt;новизна прошла&lt;/code&gt; would be an accurate translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10875" LastEditorUserId="10875" LastEditDate="2018-08-13T14:45:18.403" LastActivityDate="2018-09-04T07:24:23.560" Title="How to say 'the novelty has worn off' in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16989" CreationDate="2018-08-13T15:06:03.560" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пропал эффект новизны&lt;/code&gt; shows many hits with search engines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2018-08-13T15:06:03.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16989" CreationDate="2018-08-13T15:16:19.030" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Новизна (чего-либо) повыветрилась.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это уже примелькалось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-08-13T15:16:19.030" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16992" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16989" CreationDate="2018-08-13T19:04:10.660" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Впечатление новизны/свежести стерлось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-08-13T19:04:10.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16993" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-13T21:26:28.713" Score="3" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Давайте-&lt;strong&gt;ка&lt;/strong&gt; я составлю вам компанию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs: Давайте я составлю вам компанию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There seems to be various explanations out there such as &amp;quot;used to express a &lt;strong&gt;pressing&lt;/strong&gt; request&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;used to &lt;strong&gt;soften&lt;/strong&gt; a request&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;used to express a personal &lt;strong&gt;intention&lt;/strong&gt;. And I'm not sure which one to go by.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-14T19:08:00.447" Title="What is the function of the particle &quot;-ка&quot; in the imperative?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16993" CreationDate="2018-08-13T23:44:25.227" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2#34&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://rusgram.ru/Императив#34&lt;/a&gt; quotes several linguists as saying &lt;em&gt;-ка&lt;/em&gt; means that the speaker has just decided to make the request.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for softening, just about any particle would soften a request. &lt;em&gt;Подойди сюда!&lt;/em&gt; sounds harsher than &lt;em&gt;А подойди сюда!&lt;/em&gt; — I would say that’s because adding non-essential words to a sentence suggests some kind of thought process behind the request, or maybe some uncertainty, and so it sounds more like there’s a valid reason to comply, as opposed to the possibility the speaker just likes to boss people around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-08-13T23:44:25.227" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16995" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-14T01:21:48.607" Score="3" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тише, тише, не надо &lt;strong&gt;на меня&lt;/strong&gt; так &lt;strong&gt;бросаться&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I mean, depending on context, can it be &quot;verbally laying into someone&quot; or &quot;physically laying into someone&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you hear this sentence, for instance, do you imagine someone hurling abuse at someone else? Or is it more like picking a fight?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-08-14T10:47:21.200" Title="Does &quot;бросаться на кого-н&quot; mean laying into someone verbally or physically?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16995" CreationDate="2018-08-14T03:35:28.373" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can be either. In the given context, judging by the tone, the assault was probably mostly verbal. But the original meaning of &lt;strong&gt;(на)броситься на&lt;/strong&gt; (to throw oneself at someone) implies physical interaction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Яков бросился на него с кулаками.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пьяный Чуйков бросился на Родимцева и хотел задушить его.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not to be confused with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Броситься на помощь/выручку кому-л. = Dash to help someone.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Броситься на шею (к) кому-л. = Throw oneself at someone and hug them around the neck: Узнала меня и в слезах бросилась на шею.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;People can throw themselves at arbitrary objects, not just other people:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кондуктор бросился на площадку.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он ушёл, а я бросился на диван и закрыл глаза. [И. С. Тургенев. Ася (1858)]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bonus question. Do you think this implies physical contact?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Первым долгом я, конечно, бросился на Измаила Александровича. (М. А. Булгаков. Записки покойника)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-08-14T03:35:28.373" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16995" CreationDate="2018-08-14T10:47:21.200" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can be translated &lt;em&gt;literally&lt;/em&gt;, with the meaning (verbal of physical) depending on the context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Hey, slow down, don't &lt;strong&gt;come at me&lt;/strong&gt; like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-08-14T10:47:21.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16993" CreationDate="2018-08-14T19:08:00.447" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The particle -ка is used with particular forms of the verb: &#xA;1.future tense , first person singular and plural &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Посплю-ка я часок. Возьмем-ка еще по бутерброду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 Imperative singular and plural &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Скажи-ка, дядя, ведь недаром...&#xA;  Давайте-ка дружно возьмемся за руки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 Past tense of the verb пойти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пошел-ка ты вон отсюда!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The particle always requires the &lt;strong&gt;initial position&lt;/strong&gt; of the verb. The sentence starts from this verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning can be different: побуждение к действию (motivation, prompting ), смягчение просьбы (softening ), усиление просьбы( emphasis ), придание фамильярного оттенка( familiarity ), эффект неожиданности (внезапно принятое решение)(unexpected decision , on the spot decision )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-08-14T19:08:00.447" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="16999" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17010" CreationDate="2018-08-14T23:07:12.477" Score="5" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но она тут же &lt;strong&gt;села&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;ему на шею&lt;/strong&gt; - как и всем своим бывшим парням.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is part of an IM I received from my girlfriend, in which she was talking jokingly about her female friend bordering on control freak vis-à-vis her henpecked boyfriend seemingly at her beck and call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Japanese, there is an expression 尻に敷かれる, literally &quot;a man is beneath the hips of his wife/girlfriend&quot;, albeit without specifying which part of his body she sits on. I wonder if this Russian expression is more or less the &lt;em&gt;neck version&lt;/em&gt; of it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the phrase &quot;тут же / immediately&quot; part of this idiom?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-08-15T00:40:30.920" LastActivityDate="2018-08-16T10:49:59.857" Title="Meaning of «сесть кому-н на шею»" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17000" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-15T02:09:02.523" Score="2" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If only I had just half of his... &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt;, even a tenth as much courage as he does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do Russian speakers commonly deal with this &quot;&lt;em&gt;or rather&lt;/em&gt;&quot; type of  mid-sentence gear shifting?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-08-15T11:42:49.287" Title="In Russian, how do you say when you suddenly, mid-sentence, come up with a more suitable phrasing as an afterthought?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17000" CreationDate="2018-08-15T04:55:20.467" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using exactly the same construct: “Была бы у меня половина, нет, десятая часть его мужества”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чтобы заснуть, надо десять, нет, сто раз прочесть про себя какие-нибудь стихи (Е. Гинзбург).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-08-15T04:55:20.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16999" CreationDate="2018-08-15T04:58:52.757" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The idiom is. сидеть у кого-либо на шее — be a burden to smb, &lt;strong&gt;live at smb's expense&lt;/strong&gt;. «Тут же» isn't included, meaning &quot;immediately&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your version corresponds to another idiom «быть под каблуком», which is a different kind of dependence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он всю жизнь сидит на шее у родителей, палец о палец не ударил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-08-15T05:05:39.517" LastActivityDate="2018-08-15T05:05:39.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16989" CreationDate="2018-08-15T07:31:13.913" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I like Alex_ander's &lt;code&gt;Это уже примелькалось&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;code&gt;Это уже не ново&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Это уже не в новинку&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're talking about a joke you can hear &lt;code&gt;Это(т анекдот) уже с бородой&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the internet you can hear &lt;code&gt;баян&lt;/code&gt;, though that's just net language, not suitable for anything formal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, I don't think a native speaker would use the word &lt;code&gt;новизна&lt;/code&gt;, I feel like it's pretty rare, though an accurate translation of &quot;novelty&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8909" LastActivityDate="2018-08-15T07:31:13.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17000" CreationDate="2018-08-15T11:42:49.287" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Along with words like &lt;strong&gt;... вернее&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;... точнее сказать&lt;/strong&gt;, (~= to be more exact) there's a typical self-correction phrase &lt;strong&gt;да что там&lt;/strong&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Двадцать лет назад – &lt;strong&gt;да что там&lt;/strong&gt;, десять лет назад на богача,&#xA;  потратившего миллион долларов, чтобы избраться на выборную должность,&#xA;  посмотрели бы с недоверием и подозрением.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он знал это, потому что помнил, какая тоска, &lt;strong&gt;да что там&lt;/strong&gt; тоска, ужас&#xA;  какой охватил его в Моршанске...&lt;/em&gt; (Анна Берсенева, Ответный&#xA;  темперамент)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-08-15T11:42:49.287" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16944" CreationDate="2018-08-15T15:25:47.873" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase is &lt;em&gt;typically&lt;/em&gt; about learning from &lt;strong&gt;somebody&lt;/strong&gt;'s &lt;em&gt;unique or superior skills or knowledge&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; about getting &lt;em&gt;any missing knowledge&lt;/em&gt; (that &lt;em&gt;somebody&lt;/em&gt; is often &lt;em&gt;known&lt;/em&gt; from context and can be omitted): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нам есть чему (у него, у них) поучиться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I'll try to literally parse it this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There is something for us (what) to learn (from them) for some time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word by word, parsing it backwards:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;There is (something)&lt;/strong&gt; - есть (то)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;for us&lt;/strong&gt; - Нам&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(what) to learn&lt;/strong&gt; - чему учиться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;to learn for some time&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;учиться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Поучиться&lt;/strong&gt; as opposed to &lt;strong&gt;учиться&lt;/strong&gt; means that there's a limited opportunity (&lt;em&gt;'while possible'&lt;/em&gt;) to learn from somebody who's definitely not hired for teaching.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-08-15T15:25:47.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17006" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-15T20:39:58.690" Score="2" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking back on a time when we ran into what briefly seemed like a bear in the woods, I wanted to say something in Russian to the effect of our finding ourselves fear-struck and helplessly &amp;quot;riveted to the spot&amp;quot;, as we say &amp;quot;like a stump (of a tree)&amp;quot; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, is it more like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;стоять &lt;strong&gt;как столб&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;than: стоять &lt;strong&gt;как пень&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm also wondering if the usage of &amp;quot;как столб/пень&amp;quot; can extend to instances where you cannot tear/pull yourself away from the TV etc, as if to be rooted in front of them, only because you are completely &lt;strong&gt;engrossed&lt;/strong&gt; in that activity?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can &amp;quot;как столб/пень&amp;quot; be used to convey the idea of being riveted to the TV screen etc of your own accord, as opposed to fear-induced temporary &lt;em&gt;paralysis&lt;/em&gt;? Or in the case of such &lt;em&gt;voluntary&lt;/em&gt; immobility, would you use some other expression?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-17T06:47:08.700" Title="How do Russian speakers say &quot;like a stump&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17006" CreationDate="2018-08-15T21:05:40.327" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Остолбенеть&lt;/strong&gt; от ужаса (страха, неожиданности и т. п.). Literally, to become immovable like a pole (столб).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-08-15T21:05:40.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17006" CreationDate="2018-08-16T02:51:49.233" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Остолбенеть&lt;/strong&gt; (to be stunned) is a verb, then there's an idiom &lt;strong&gt;«на него столбняк (tetanus) нашел»&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a voluntary action there's &lt;strong&gt;«не мог оторваться от телевизора»&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-08-16T02:51:49.233" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17006" CreationDate="2018-08-16T07:00:32.053" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;как пень&lt;/strong&gt; usually refers to sitting, that is &lt;strong&gt;сидеть как пень&lt;/strong&gt; in  statements disapproving of lack of activity, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сидит&lt;/em&gt; целыми днями у телевизора/за компьютером &lt;em&gt;как (тот) пень&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;как столб&lt;/strong&gt; is also a disapproving comparison referring to someone else's immovability which creates obstacles&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Стал как столб&lt;/em&gt; в проходе и ни тебе ни пройти, ни проехать &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;very colloquial&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sense &lt;strong&gt;как вкопанный&lt;/strong&gt; (as if dug in) is used as well, but it also fits in the context of having to stop dead in one's tracks because of a startling event or sudden emergence of an obstacle&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Меня заворожил протяжный шум лесных верхушек, и я &lt;em&gt;остановился как&#xA;вкопанный&lt;/em&gt; на дорожке&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Перед самым барьером конь &lt;em&gt;остановился как вкопанный&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the context of immobile or lifeless laying the comparison is with a log - &lt;strong&gt;лежать как бревно&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-17T06:47:08.700" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16999" CreationDate="2018-08-16T10:49:59.857" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I must add that &quot;сидеть на шее&quot; isn't just to be a burden on somebody, it's taking advantage of someone, having someone to look after you when you're fully capable of looking after yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7785" LastActivityDate="2018-08-16T10:49:59.857" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17011" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17012" CreationDate="2018-08-16T12:38:16.983" Score="3" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Equivalent question: What Russian letters won't equal 1?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From: &lt;a href=&quot;https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/843966/&quot;&gt;the homophonic group: a mathematical diversion&#xA;&lt;/a&gt; --&gt; This is an exercise from Michael Artin's Algebra on, well, abstract algebra. In this exercise for the English language, words are equal if they are homophones, kind of like a formalisation of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/theydidtheshittymath/comments/7z5e61/sinxn6/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;joke that sin(x)/n=6&lt;/a&gt;. So in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;bee=be --&gt; This implies e=1 by cancellation of b and e.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;buy=by --&gt; This implies u=1 by cancellation of b and y.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;rase=raze --&gt; This implies s=z by cancellation of r and e.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;canvass = canvas --&gt; This implies s=1 by cancellation of c,a,n,v,a and s. By canvass=canvas and rase=raze, we have s=z=1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eventually, all 26 English letters will equal 1. Apparently, this was done for &lt;a href=&quot;https://projecteuclid.org/download/pdf_1/euclid.em/1062620828&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;French&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www1.osu.cz/~zusmanovich/topics.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Czech&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10386" LastActivityDate="2018-08-17T20:59:38.797" Title="What is the Russian Homophonic Group?" Tags="&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17011" CreationDate="2018-08-16T18:56:40.980" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;бос = босс, без = бес, бал = балл, сум = сумм, мая = майя, тон = тонн, серб = серп, гриб = грипп, маг = мак, юг = юкк ⇒ с = з = л = м = й = н = б = п = г = к = 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;спиться = спится = спица, питься = пицца, колоться = колодца ⇒ ться = тся = ца = цца = дца ⇒ ь = ц = д = 1, тя = а.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кот = код ⇒ т = д = 1, я = а.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;лапать = лапоть ⇒ а = о.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ожёг = ожог ⇒ о = ё.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;освищу = освещу = освящу ⇒ и = е = я = а = о = ё.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;острова = острого, дров = дроф ⇒ ф = в = г = 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, ж = ш (дужка = душка) and щ = ч (щитов = счетов), no idea how to move further. Feel free to edit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastEditorUserId="9602" LastEditDate="2018-08-17T02:05:32.140" LastActivityDate="2018-08-17T02:05:32.140" CommentCount="4" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-08-16T18:56:40.980" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17011" CreationDate="2018-08-16T18:58:41.677" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian is not as big on silent letters as English and French are, however, double letters in loanwords, devoicing the consonants and vowel reduction seem to be the most prominent vectors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's what I have so far:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;# абвгдеёжзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюя&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;#      е   и          у хцч щ ы эюя&lt;/code&gt; // not solved yet&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Etymological &lt;em&gt;ь&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ложь = лож &lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ъ&lt;/em&gt; as a prefix separator:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;объём = обьём &lt;code&gt;ъ&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Silent &lt;em&gt;й&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Майя = мая &lt;code&gt;й&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Double consonants and devoicing:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;крапп = крап &lt;code&gt;п&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;крап = краб &lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;буфф = буф &lt;code&gt;ф&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;лиф = лив &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кокк = кок &lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;маг = мак &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ватт = ват &lt;code&gt;т&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;род = рот &lt;code&gt;д&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;бос = босс &lt;code&gt;с&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;рос = роз &lt;code&gt;з&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;балл = бал &lt;code&gt;л&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сумм = сум &lt;code&gt;м&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;тор = торр &lt;code&gt;р&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;тон = тонн &lt;code&gt;н&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Double vowels:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вантаа = ванта &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vowel reduction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сома = сама &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ожог = ожёг &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Double consonants and devoicing again (now that we have vowels)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;жжём = жом &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;нож = нош &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-17T20:59:38.797" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-08-16T18:58:41.677" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17014" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-17T00:27:11.083" Score="3" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Все думаю, &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; у меня воображение &lt;strong&gt;разыгралось&lt;/strong&gt; или нет...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{instead of}: Все думаю, &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; у меня воображение &lt;strong&gt;разыгравшееся&lt;/strong&gt; или нет...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is part of an IM I received from my girlfriend, and I think it essentially means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still wondering if &lt;strong&gt;it&lt;/strong&gt; wasn't just my imagination &lt;strong&gt;playing&lt;/strong&gt; tricks on me. Or...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is that I'd expected to see &amp;quot;разыгравшееся&amp;quot; used instead, at least more in keeping with the structure of the English phrasing. In which case, I could see the function of &amp;quot;это&amp;quot; as the subject: &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;it&lt;/strong&gt;'s my imagination &lt;strong&gt;having played&lt;/strong&gt; tricks on me&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the sentence she used, on the other hand, I'm not sure how to parse and interpret the function of &amp;quot;это&amp;quot;, as the subject is apparently &amp;quot;воображение&amp;quot;. A relevant post: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/16244/what-is-the-function-of-%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE-in-%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%82-x-%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%B2%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB&quot;&gt;What is the function of &amp;quot;это&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Его зовут X, это он впустил ...&amp;quot;?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-23T11:11:41.947" Title="Function of «это» in «это у меня воображение разыгралось»" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17014" CreationDate="2018-08-17T02:23:00.127" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this type of usage, like in your other question, “это” is kind of outside its sentence and instead of coupling words, it couples sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Девушка услышала странный голос. Это у неё воображение разыгралось, наверное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be turned into the definition pattern (“X — [это] Y”):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Странный голос — это игра воображения девушки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Кто там?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Это я пришёл.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which, if you want to apply usual sentence parsing rules, should be rephrased along the lines of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Звонок в твою дверь&lt;/em&gt; — это &lt;em&gt;следствие моего визита.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-08-17T02:23:00.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17014" CreationDate="2018-08-17T06:43:49.753" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically you can use past participle &lt;em&gt;разыгравшееся&lt;/em&gt;, however in this case for the sentence to sound more idiomatically &lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt; needs to be replaced with &lt;strong&gt;моё&lt;/strong&gt; (as in English) and order of words changed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все думаю, это моё разыгравшееся воображение или нет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet, this very phrasing, albeit grammatically sound, in itself isn't very common and not 100% identical in meaning to the other version, because it equates the work of your imagination to that certain thing rather than signifies its being the result of the imagination's work, like the other version does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-08-17T20:55:27.553" LastActivityDate="2018-08-17T20:55:27.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17017" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17018" CreationDate="2018-08-17T12:12:59.873" Score="3" ViewCount="379" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Латвийка&quot; and &quot;латышка&quot; are both translated into English as &quot;a (female) Latvian&quot; (or, which in English is a rather archaic form, &quot;a [female] Lett&quot;). But what is their difference in meaning? Is one of the forms archaic? Or does one mean Latvian by citizenship and the other means ethnic Latvian? Perhaps a person of Russian ethnicity who is from Latvia would prefer to call themselves by one rather than the other? I have consulted a number of dictionaries without getting any enlightenment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10888" LastActivityDate="2018-08-17T12:27:40.093" Title="What is the difference in meaning between &quot;латвийка&quot; and &quot;латышка&quot;?" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17017" CreationDate="2018-08-17T12:21:38.733" Score="6" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;латышка is an ethnic Latvian&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;латвийка is a woman who lives in or was born in Latvia, regardless of heritage/ancestry. Could be a Russian woman or Roma or something else.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's like the difference between русский and российский.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastActivityDate="2018-08-17T12:21:38.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17017" CreationDate="2018-08-17T12:27:40.093" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some nations have distinct words in Russian for &amp;quot;pertaining to the titular ethnic group&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;pertaining to the nation or state&amp;quot;, as in &amp;quot;Russian&amp;quot; vs. &amp;quot;Russia's&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;немецкий/ германский&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;русский / российский&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;латышский / латвийский&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;казахский / казахстанский&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;малагасийский / мадагаскарский&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This happens when the names of the country and the ethnic group come from the different roots (Germany particularly stands out in this regard across the languages of the world).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;em&gt;латвийка&lt;/em&gt; would mean &amp;quot;a Latvian national or resident&amp;quot;, while &lt;em&gt;латышка&lt;/em&gt; would mean &amp;quot;ethnic Latvian&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-17T12:27:40.093" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17020" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-18T03:04:16.560" Score="1" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вам не кажется, что эту яму &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;code&gt;-&lt;/code&gt;будто&lt;/strong&gt; специально кто-то вырыл?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume this &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%BE#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;как будто&lt;/a&gt;&quot; is an adverbial phrase, not a conjunction, given its position. When you use &quot;как будто&quot; as an adverbial phrase, does it serve to qualify an immediately following word -- in this case, &quot;специально&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And how does it differ in meaning from using &quot;будто&quot; as a conjunction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;vs: Вам не кажется, &lt;code&gt;что&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;будто&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;3&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; специально&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;4&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; эту&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; яму&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;2&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; кто-то вырыл?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-08-18T15:22:18.783" LastActivityDate="2018-09-02T13:45:05.327" Title="Usage of the adverbial &quot;как будто&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17020" CreationDate="2018-08-18T05:43:12.190" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it doesn't emphasise anything here. This can be translated as 'as if' in both cases. Maybe you have a different example ?... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8893" LastActivityDate="2018-08-18T05:43:12.190" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17014" CreationDate="2018-08-18T06:11:50.383" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Everything you've said about &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt; is correct, but there's some important point missing. The use of &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt; construction may add emphasis to actual subject of the sentence. See the following example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without это:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все думаю, у меня воображение разыгралось или нет. I can't stop&#xA;  thinking, is my imagination playing tricks on me or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With это (emphasised by intonation):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все думаю, это &lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt; воображение разыгралось или нет. I can't&#xA;  stop thinking, is this &lt;strong&gt;my&lt;/strong&gt; imagination playing tricks on me or not?&#xA;  ( Maybe it was somebody else, who actually got imagination issues )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With это (emphasised by intonation):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все думаю, &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; у меня воображение разыгралось. I can't stop&#xA;  thinking, all &lt;strong&gt;this&lt;/strong&gt; was just my imagination playing tricks on me. (&#xA;   Everything what happened was my imagination )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8893" LastEditorUserId="8893" LastEditDate="2018-08-19T16:49:52.680" LastActivityDate="2018-08-19T16:49:52.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17023" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17025" CreationDate="2018-08-18T23:32:53.570" Score="3" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;With verbs such as ходить, плавать, ехать, летать, the fact that they are indeterminate means that they imply movement in many directions without a particular finish line.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the verb &quot;to climb&quot; itself has both an indeterminate version (&lt;strong&gt;лазить&lt;/strong&gt;) and a determinate one (&lt;strong&gt;лезть&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, since the act of climbing always happens upward, how come there can be an indeterminate climbing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess there are differences in verb usage. Does &lt;strong&gt;лазить&lt;/strong&gt; imply climbing up many things (&lt;code&gt;лазить по деревьям&lt;/code&gt;, for example) while &lt;strong&gt;лезть&lt;/strong&gt; focuses on climbing a particular thing (&lt;code&gt;лезть на дерево&lt;/code&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-08-19T01:37:32.893" Title="лазить vs лезть" Tags="&lt;вид&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17024" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-18T23:38:33.373" Score="3" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read the following excerpt:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он был арестован, без права переписка. Это значило &lt;strong&gt;одно&lt;/strong&gt;: расстрел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No doubt that &lt;strong&gt;одно&lt;/strong&gt;, in this context, means &lt;em&gt;&quot;just one thing&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can &lt;strong&gt;одно&lt;/strong&gt; also be used in an expression like &lt;em&gt;&quot;I'll tell you one thing&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, when the purpose is to draw the attention of our listener to a particular detail?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does &quot;&lt;strong&gt;я тебе скажу одно&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; exist?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-08-26T12:56:55.413" Title="одно as &quot;one thing&quot;" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17023" CreationDate="2018-08-19T01:37:32.893" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Three of the four verbs you listed are in their indeterminate forms, ехать isn't though, ездить is the indeterminate form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeterminate doesn't necessarily imply &quot;in many directions&quot;, it can also be used to indicate things like doing an action repeatedly, occasionally, continuously without a specific goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also the act of climbing doesn't always happen upward, you can climb down a tree, cliff, etc., after climbing up it, you can climb down a hole, climb out of the window, climb along a ledge... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your last paragraph is pretty much correct, лазить implies doing an action repeatedly, continuously, or the act of climbing in general such as: Я люблю лазить по деревьям. (We can't say я люблю лезть...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While лезть means a particular instance with a specific goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-08-19T01:37:32.893" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17024" CreationDate="2018-08-19T04:18:36.073" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it doesn't exist. You'd want to distinguish between &quot;one thing only&quot;--&quot;одно&quot; and &quot;one thing/some thing&quot;--&quot;кое-что / что-то&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case: &quot;я тебе скажу кое-что&quot; / &quot;я тебе что-то скажу&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Verb and object may exchange places or not, depending on the emotional load and/or one's fancy); the variant(s) with &quot;что-то&quot; may be considered more colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2018-08-19T04:18:36.073" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17027" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17028" CreationDate="2018-08-19T08:51:35.430" Score="4" ViewCount="288" Body="&lt;p&gt;After reading &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg_Cathedral&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; I got curious how ф is in place of &quot;th&quot; in English for the word Cathedral (Кафедральный)? Sounds almost like a coffee-place. (I know it is not Café or Kafee in russian but кофе so it would be кофедрала something. Ok, enough of the silliness.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is it that the word Кафедральный has this ф instead of some other Cyrillic letters?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10890" LastEditorUserId="10890" LastEditDate="2018-08-19T13:10:11.700" LastActivityDate="2018-08-23T06:53:18.463" Title="Cathedral, &quot;Кафедральный&quot;, why is ф in there?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17027" CreationDate="2018-08-19T09:10:30.843" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;кафедра&lt;/strong&gt;, which is the base for &lt;strong&gt;кафедральный&lt;/strong&gt;, in Russian is a loan word from Greek, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0#%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;καθέδρα&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pre-reform Russian alphabet contained the Greek letter &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;θ&lt;/strong&gt; (фита)&lt;/a&gt; and by the old orthograpical rules the word &lt;strong&gt;кафедральный&lt;/strong&gt; would be spelled as &lt;a href=&quot;http://xn--90ax2c.xn--p1ai/catalog/000200_000018_RU_NLR_DIGIT_5820/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;каθедральный&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a result of the reform of 1918, by which it was abolished, among other things, it was replaced with the letter &lt;strong&gt;Ф&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But i believe &lt;strong&gt;θ&lt;/strong&gt; was still pronounced like &lt;strong&gt;Ф&lt;/strong&gt;, which provided  justification for such a replacement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays however, in transliteration of the English &lt;strong&gt;TH&lt;/strong&gt; (which is similar to the Greek &lt;strong&gt;θ&lt;/strong&gt;) instead of &lt;strong&gt;Ф&lt;/strong&gt; the Russian letter &lt;strong&gt;T&lt;/strong&gt; would rather be used or &lt;strong&gt;C&lt;/strong&gt;, depending on the position in a word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-08-23T06:53:18.463" LastActivityDate="2018-08-23T06:53:18.463" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17029" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17030" CreationDate="2018-08-19T15:58:11.210" Score="3" ViewCount="104" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was doubtful when I saw the words &lt;strong&gt;коровье молоко&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;козье молоко&lt;/strong&gt;. Then I checked an electronic dictionary (&lt;em&gt;Толковый словарь русского языка&lt;/em&gt; for Mac), and there &lt;strong&gt;-ья/-ье&lt;/strong&gt; where referred as the replacements for &lt;strong&gt;-ий&lt;/strong&gt; in their respective adjectives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far I knew that there are, in Russian, &lt;em&gt;hard adjectives&lt;/em&gt; (красив.ый, -ая, -ое, -ые), &lt;em&gt;soft adjectives&lt;/em&gt; (соседн.ий, -яя, -ее, -ие) and &lt;em&gt;mixed adjectives&lt;/em&gt; resulting from the spelling requirements after some consonants (хорош.ий, -ая, -ее, -ие).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &lt;strong&gt;ья/ье&lt;/strong&gt; an irregular soft ending? Does it decline just like the regular soft endings (in which &lt;em&gt;feminine genitive&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;-ей&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;em&gt;neuter genitive&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;-его&lt;/strong&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-08-20T15:34:52.127" Title="Adjectives in -ья, -ье" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17029" CreationDate="2018-08-19T18:36:08.440" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would look at this from another angle. It is not irregular ending, but irregular stem - a soft sign is attached to it in most forms. It also replaces a vowel in the ending if it is duplicated (&lt;strong&gt;-яя&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;-ии&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;-ее&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;-юю&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you have&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;средн&lt;strong&gt;ий&lt;/strong&gt; - коров&lt;strong&gt;ий&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;средн&lt;strong&gt;его&lt;/strong&gt; - коровь&lt;strong&gt;его&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc., but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;средн&lt;strong&gt;яя&lt;/strong&gt; - коровь&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;средн&lt;strong&gt;юю&lt;/strong&gt; - коровь&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is an exception from this rule in nominative/accusative plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;средн&lt;strong&gt;ие&lt;/strong&gt; but коровь&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastEditorUserId="9001" LastEditDate="2018-08-20T15:34:52.127" LastActivityDate="2018-08-20T15:34:52.127" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17029" CreationDate="2018-08-19T23:25:48.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Such adjectives are called &lt;em&gt;притяжательные прилагательные&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;posessive adjectives&lt;/em&gt;. The ending ий-ье-ья is  common for &quot;animal&quot; posessive adjectives. We can see two types of their declension:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;корова - коровий - коровье&#xA;коза - козий - козье&#xA;овца - овечий - овечье&#xA;кошка - кошачий - кошачьe&#xA;обезьяна - обезьяний - обезьянье&#xA;птица - птичий - птичье&#xA;рыба - рыбий - рыбье&#xA;верблюд - верблюжий - верблюжье&#xA;слон - слоновий - слоновье&#xA;волк - волчий - волчье&#xA;заяц - заячий - заячье&#xA;лис/лиса - лисий - лисье&#xA;дельфин - дельфиний - дельфинье&#xA;крокодил - крокодилий - крокодилье&#xA;&#xA;зверь - звериный - звериное    &#xA;оса - осиный - осиное&#xA;пчела - пчелиный - пчелиное&#xA;муравей - муравьиный - муравьиное&#xA;кура/курица - куриный - куриное&#xA;змея - змеиный - змеиное&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some declense both ways. For example, there are both &lt;code&gt;соколиный&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;соколий&lt;/code&gt;, both &lt;code&gt;стрекозиный&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;стрекозий&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2018-08-19T23:44:40.313" LastActivityDate="2018-08-19T23:44:40.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17032" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17043" CreationDate="2018-08-20T01:38:17.927" Score="4" ViewCount="229" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) I don't want to put in overtime day in and day out &lt;strong&gt;to&lt;/strong&gt; get ahead in life, &lt;strong&gt;only to&lt;/strong&gt; pop my clogs at 50 at the height of my career.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, the structure &quot;only to&quot; comes in handy to express the idea of unexpectedly ending up with a disappointing result. The use of &quot;..., чтобы ...&quot; comes to mind, but if I go for this structure, I'm not sure how to distinguish it from the preceding &quot;to / чтобы&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or in another example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) So I searched, bending over on all fours, for a car key this driver dropped on the sand, &lt;strong&gt;only to&lt;/strong&gt; leave with a sore back and without so much as a 'thank you' to show for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do Russian speakers commonly express this idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-08-20T10:37:53.247" LastActivityDate="2018-08-22T00:17:23.937" Title="In Russian, how do you say &quot;only to&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17032" CreationDate="2018-08-20T02:06:05.730" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe &lt;code&gt;ради перспективы&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не хочу изо дня в день рвать задницу на британский флаг и делать карьеру ради перспективы в 50 лет отбросить копыта.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-08-20T02:06:05.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17034" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17035" CreationDate="2018-08-20T02:12:57.440" Score="2" ViewCount="105" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) I've somehow managed to &lt;strong&gt;blunder my way into&lt;/strong&gt; a management position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;= Я как-то умудрился (???) ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, we often use the structure &quot;verb of motion + one's way + preposition&quot; such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) I've been so fortunate to &lt;strong&gt;work my way up to&lt;/strong&gt; where I am now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) We &lt;strong&gt;inched our way across&lt;/strong&gt; the room, hardly daring to breathe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4) I'm not too keen on travelling to Prague, as the thought of &lt;strong&gt;pushing my way through&lt;/strong&gt; a crowd of tourists doesn't exactly appeal to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5) I &lt;strong&gt;sneaked my way out of&lt;/strong&gt; the office earlier than usual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if there is some fixed structure in Russian  roughly corresponding to this English construction. How do Russian speakers commonly express these ideas?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-08-20T10:36:54.097" LastActivityDate="2018-08-20T10:36:54.097" Title="&quot;blunder/work/inch/push/sneak my way into/across/through/out of&quot; – in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17035" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17034" CreationDate="2018-08-20T03:56:20.957" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think a full equivalent exists. Here's how I would render your examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I've somehow managed to blunder my way into a management position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Каким-то образом я умудрился &lt;strong&gt;оказаться&lt;/strong&gt; в начальниках.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR: Меня каким-то образом занесло в начальники.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I've been so fortunate to &lt;strong&gt;work my way up to&lt;/strong&gt; where I am now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне повезло &lt;strong&gt;доработать до&lt;/strong&gt; моей текущей должности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We &lt;strong&gt;inched our way across&lt;/strong&gt; the room, hardly daring to breathe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мало-помалу&lt;/strong&gt; мы &lt;strong&gt;протиснулись на другой конец&lt;/strong&gt; комнаты, едва дыша.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...pushing my way through a crowd ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;толкаться в толпе / расталкивать толпу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I &lt;strong&gt;sneaked my way out of&lt;/strong&gt; the office earlier than usual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;улизнул из&lt;/strong&gt; офиса раньше обычного.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can also replace &lt;strong&gt;улизнул&lt;/strong&gt; with the colloquial &lt;strong&gt;слинял&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is the expression &lt;strong&gt;проложить себе дорогу/путь чем-либо&lt;/strong&gt; but it's too bookish:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Сын ремесленника, он начал службу с должности писца и &lt;strong&gt;упорным трудом проложил себе путь к&lt;/strong&gt; вершинам немецкой почтовой иерархии.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Смело, товарищи, в ногу, &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Духом окрепнем в борьбе &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;В царство свободы &lt;strong&gt;дорогу &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Грудью проложим&lt;/strong&gt; себе&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-08-20T03:56:20.957" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17032" CreationDate="2018-08-20T04:08:25.057" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A simple &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; will do:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;... чтобы в 50 лет на вершине карьеры сыграть в ящик.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-08-20T04:08:25.057" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17037" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17032" CreationDate="2018-08-20T08:33:06.590" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;My suggestion contains parts of those already offered&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... только ради того, чтобы (в результате/в итоге/в конце концов)...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the second sentence though in my opinion none of the suggestions would idiomatically work, since it describes a consequence which has already materialized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead it requires some sort of conjunction with the word &lt;strong&gt;пока&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;.., &lt;strong&gt;пока&lt;/strong&gt; (в итоге/в конце концов) у меня не разболелась спина, и (я не ушел,) не получив &lt;strong&gt;/&lt;/strong&gt; удостоившись в награду даже благодарности &lt;strong&gt;/&lt;/strong&gt; даже благодарности в качестве вознаграждения&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can say &lt;code&gt;ползал на карачках .., чтобы (в итоге/в конце концов) уйти с разболевшейся спиной...&lt;/code&gt; but it's not idiomatic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-08-20T09:44:13.080" LastActivityDate="2018-08-20T09:44:13.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17038" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17039" CreationDate="2018-08-21T08:53:07.443" Score="4" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to read some basic Russian texts to strengthen my vocabulary and I came across the following sentence in one of them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И, может быть, это и проблема...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am yet to fully comprehend the intricacies of the Russian language, but I did struggle to translate this one properly. Apparently, the correct translation is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And maybe this is the problem...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How does one get to this end result? I know I need to try and stop reading a sentence word by word in the hope it will make sense immediately, but there are a few things I do not understand regarding the aforementioned phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;As far as I am aware &lt;em&gt;может&lt;/em&gt; can mean &lt;em&gt;May, or Can (as in &quot;Can I&quot;, &quot;May I&quot;)&lt;/em&gt; so where does this come in with &lt;em&gt;может быть&lt;/em&gt;, and how does that end up meaning &lt;em&gt;Maybe&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the phrase &lt;em&gt;это и проблема... (this is the problem)&lt;/em&gt; why is &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; present? I thought that meant &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10791" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T10:02:03.650" Title="How does &quot;И, может быть, это и проблема&quot; translate?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17038" CreationDate="2018-08-21T09:59:12.437" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И, может быть, это и проблема...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original sentence  &lt;em&gt;doesn't&lt;/em&gt; sound perfect Russian to me: it's even unclear, which of the two senses it was supposed to express:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) &lt;strong&gt;And that might also be a problem&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;strong&gt;And maybe the problem&lt;/strong&gt; [we are trying to locate] &lt;strong&gt;is just in that&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is because the &lt;em&gt;second&lt;/em&gt; &quot;&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;  can function (1) like &lt;strong&gt;ещё и&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;also, as well&lt;/em&gt;) or (2) simply &lt;em&gt;emphasize&lt;/em&gt; the following word.&#xA;Also, the first comma looks redundant: in case it was used in pair with the second one, to isolate the insert &lt;strong&gt;может быть&lt;/strong&gt;, that does not work well because extracting the insert (a typical punctuation test) brings us to an internally strange sentence &quot;&lt;strong&gt;И это и проблема&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. So the first &quot;&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is rather a part of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;И может быть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-08-21T09:59:12.437" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17032" CreationDate="2018-08-22T00:17:23.937" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it's better to disregard, for the purposes of translation, the (quasi-)causal component implied by &amp;quot;to&amp;quot; in the English expression. From what I know about its use, &amp;quot;only to&amp;quot; can equally describe a reversal of fortunes that happens quite independently of the preceding events described.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, even if the causation is there, it's just better Russian to ignore it. Russian likes counterbalancing where English likes sequencing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, perhaps anticlimactically, I'd say the choice is between &lt;strong&gt;а потом&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;а в итоге&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;а в конце концов&lt;/strong&gt; (more literary), or even a simple &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;. Perhaps English needs the somewhat intricate &amp;quot;only to&amp;quot; precisely because it doesn't have an equivalent of &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;, that quintessentially Russian &amp;quot;this vs. that&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;before vs. after&amp;quot; conjunction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не хочется вкалывать изо дня в день, пытаясь чего-то в жизни добиться, а потом в 50, на пике карьеры, дать дуба.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В общем, я ползал на четвереньках, ища ключ, который этот водитель уронил в песок, а в итоге остался только с болью в спине — даже «спасибо» не сказали.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-22T00:17:23.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17044" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-22T00:46:46.317" Score="1" ViewCount="113" Body="&lt;p&gt;Last year when visiting Russia I saw a store named Априори. This year in Russia I saw some chocolate bars named Априори. To me, &lt;em&gt;a priori&lt;/em&gt; is a term from logic or philosophy, and naming something after such a philosophical term seems strange to me (like calling a chocolate bar &quot;contrapositive&quot;). Can any native speaker provide some insight into why this is a label that someone would want to use on a product? I did ask a native speaker about this when I was in Russia, and was told that the word just sounds nice.  Could that be all there is to it? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see from the Russian Wikipedia page for Априори that the term is used outside of philosophy to mean &quot;speculative&quot; or &quot;preliminary&quot;, but these additional meanings don't seem attractive as the meaning of a brand name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2018-08-22T02:19:40.827" LastActivityDate="2018-08-22T03:54:04.030" Title="априори as a brand name" Tags="&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2018-08-22T08:40:13.363" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17044" CreationDate="2018-08-22T03:54:04.030" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;априори&lt;/code&gt; is relatively common in Russian, intelligent Russians know and occasionally use it in discussions about various things. Examples from ruscorpora.ru :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Предприниматели) относятся к наемному работнику, как к классовому&#xA;  врагу, априори считая его дебилом и лентяем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Много в последнее время пришлось читать о том, что черно-белое кино &#xA;  не способно увлечь современного зрителя априори, но я с этим не соглашусь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The adverb &lt;code&gt;априори&lt;/code&gt; have nothing to do with shopping or chocolate bars, but this is common for brand names.  What does chocolate have to do with the planet Mars, or with the Greek mythology character Mars?  What about the brand name Ritter Sport?  What is &quot;Ritter Sport&quot;?  There is no sport called Ritter, and there is no human named Ritter Sport. &quot;Ritter Sport&quot; is a meaningless pair of words.  And chocolate bars have nothing to do with sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-08-22T03:54:04.030" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17024" CreationDate="2018-08-22T19:51:12.467" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Oh, it's hard to message about it, 'cause it's more about intonation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can одно also be used in an expression like &quot;I'll tell you one thing&quot;,&#xA;  when the purpose is to draw the attention of our listener to a&#xA;  particular detail?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The short answer is yes, you can translate it like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &lt;strong&gt;я тебе скажу одно&lt;/strong&gt; is more like &lt;em&gt;I'll tell you &lt;strong&gt;just one&lt;/strong&gt; thing&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I'll tell you one thing&lt;/em&gt; is closer in meaning to &lt;strong&gt;я тебе скажу одну вещь&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6326" LastActivityDate="2018-08-22T19:51:12.467" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16977" CreationDate="2018-08-22T19:58:16.183" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Alex_ander is right, but the first version also could mean a surprise, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Wow. What has changed? Why would you start taking care of me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6326" LastActivityDate="2018-08-22T19:58:16.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16697" CreationDate="2018-08-22T20:06:34.973" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Волк каждый год линяет, да обычая не меняет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English equivalent: &lt;strong&gt;The fox changes his skin but keeps his knavery&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6326" LastActivityDate="2018-08-22T20:06:34.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17014" CreationDate="2018-08-23T11:11:41.947" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всё думаю, это у меня воображение разыгралось или нет...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's about current situation. Like, if something just has happened, and your imagination &quot;&lt;strong&gt;playing tricks&lt;/strong&gt; on you&quot; right now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всё думаю, это у меня воображение разыгравшееся или нет...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could have the same meaning. But it's more about your imagination in general, like &quot;your imagination &lt;strong&gt;always plays tricks&lt;/strong&gt; on you&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6326" LastActivityDate="2018-08-23T11:11:41.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17050" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17051" CreationDate="2018-08-23T13:26:11.067" Score="2" ViewCount="119" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand why the dative is used in this sentence, given the presence of the preposition &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Я спала два раза по &lt;strong&gt;одному часу&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but I don't understand why it's &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; used in the following&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Я спала два раза по &lt;strong&gt;два часа&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have become accustomed to speaking that way so it is not an issue in daily life, but I would like to know what the rule is that guides this apparent inconsistency, assuming there &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; such a rule. I struggled to even describe the problem, so if there is a more appropriate title please don't hesitate to edit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6821" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-08-23T14:13:18.593" LastActivityDate="2018-08-23T14:13:18.593" Title="Why &quot;по одному часу&quot; is in dative while &quot;по два часа&quot; is not?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17050" CreationDate="2018-08-23T13:39:34.023" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;With &lt;code&gt;один&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;тысяча&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;миллион&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;триллион&lt;/code&gt; (in other words, with all that numeral that can be combined with &lt;code&gt;один&lt;/code&gt;) dative is used - is just a rule that should be memorized. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;По [одному] миллиону долларов попросили оба министерства &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Министерства запросили по два миллиона. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Relevant quote from slightly outdated yet quite famous &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/59.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;grammar reference&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Предлог по в так называемом дистрибутивном (распределительном)&#xA;  значении управляет дательным и винительным падежом числительного. Ср.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;по одному рублю, по тысяче книг, по миллиону жителей, по&#xA;  миллиарду рублей (при числительных один, тысяча, миллион, миллиард);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other case when we need dative is when we used quantitative words like &lt;code&gt;много&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;несколько&lt;/code&gt; like in &lt;code&gt;по многу раз&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;по нескольку раз&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-08-23T13:43:50.403" LastActivityDate="2018-08-23T13:43:50.403" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17053" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9355" CreationDate="2018-08-25T13:48:11.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;this might be more of a student-style hack, but when I was getting started I would watch for five or six letter verbs that seemed to come up a lot:ступить, глядеть, пустить, words like that. Anytime I learned a new one, I would go to google translate and try it out with as many prefixes as I could think of, see which ones came back as valid translations, then I'd scope those out in a dictionary to get a full translation (whether it was transitive, verb collocations, things like that).&#xA;It was a bit repetitive, but not as bad as wading through the wiktionary list (which I also fought with) and it got me pretty good at anticipating and &#xA;remembering the different senses of the prefixes. Maybe that helps?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10322" LastActivityDate="2018-08-25T13:48:11.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17024" CreationDate="2018-08-26T12:56:55.413" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он был арестован, без права переписка. Это значило одно: расстрел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sence the 'одно' word should represent the 'единственный, последний' meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'I'll tell you &lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt; thing'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;here the 'one' would mean completely different 'this particular thing/ secret/ advice etc.' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'll tell you one thing is closer in meaning to я тебе скажу одну вещь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exactly. По-русски так и будет: &quot;Скажу тебе одну вещь.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10912" LastActivityDate="2018-08-26T12:56:55.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17055" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17058" CreationDate="2018-08-26T13:06:26.253" Score="2" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;бежать &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; лесу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;бежать &lt;strong&gt;через&lt;/strong&gt; лес&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the surface, they both seem to mean &amp;quot;running through the woods&amp;quot;, but I wonder if they are nuanced somehow?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-26T15:30:50.567" Title="&quot;бежать по лесу&quot; vs &quot;бежать через лес&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17038" CreationDate="2018-08-26T13:07:20.127" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This depends on a context, but here it reflects the 'probability'.&#xA;'А, может быть, это и проблема.&quot; - 'something is probably a problem' - &quot;что-то, вероятно, является проблемой [для кого-либо]&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10912" LastActivityDate="2018-08-26T13:07:20.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15773" CreationDate="2018-08-26T13:19:57.387" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Native speakers do mix up all these words as well, but JFYI:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'Джем/ конфитюр' - while boiling berries become smashed, there are no complete berries in it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'Варенье' - berries save the shape.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'Повидло' - puree of berries with sugar (boiled also as others)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'Мармелад' - near to the 'джем', but usually from citrus fruits like oranges, lemons and so on&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And also:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'Сырое варенье' - puree of berries with sugar without boiling&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'Варенье-пятиминутка' - something berry that was boiled for 5 minutes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope it helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10912" LastActivityDate="2018-08-26T13:19:57.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17058" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17055" CreationDate="2018-08-26T15:11:38.440" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The nuance is in the purpose&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;бежать через лес&lt;/strong&gt; - emphasizes the fact that forest is only a landscape feature on your way elsewhere which you're going to cross&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;бежать по лесу&lt;/strong&gt; - means running in(side) the forest with no connotation of the need to pass through it, it could be for jogging having no destination outside of it and no intention to leave it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likewise: ехать через поле/по полю, идти через дорогу/по дороге, красться через сад/по саду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With preposition &lt;em&gt;через&lt;/em&gt; often verbs with prefix &lt;em&gt;пере-&lt;/em&gt; are used: пере-плывать/-плыть (через) реку, пере-ходить/-йти (через) дорогу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-08-26T15:30:50.567" LastActivityDate="2018-08-26T15:30:50.567" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17059" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17055" CreationDate="2018-08-26T15:22:21.113" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Смысловые нюансы здесь такие, на мой взгляд:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;бежать по лесу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; можно и без конечной цели, не имея конечного пункта, до которого вы хотите добраться. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;бежать по лесу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; it is possible without the ultimate goal, without having the destination to which you want to get.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;бежать через лес&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; подразумевает, что у вас есть конечная цель или пункт, до которого вы стремитесь добраться. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;бежать через лес&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; implies that you have an end goal or point that you are aiming to reach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2018-08-26T15:27:58.063" LastActivityDate="2018-08-26T15:27:58.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17060" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-26T17:50:10.433" Score="4" ViewCount="213" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do people say &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;пинать ногами&lt;/a&gt;&quot; when the act of &quot;пинать&quot; can only be done by &quot;ноги&quot; and nothing else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-08-26T18:46:48.203" LastActivityDate="2018-08-27T20:16:26.870" Title="Why do people say &quot;пинать ногами&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17060" CreationDate="2018-08-26T18:45:20.613" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Such redundancy is called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;плеоназм&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleonasm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; for the English article) and in natural speech there are lot of examples of phrases that can be shortened without loosing any information. In the link provided above there's another example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«Он сказал мне [о том], что его приняли на другую работу» (what is in square brackets can be omitted).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;other examples &lt;code&gt;А где это находится географически?&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;aктёрское амлуа&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;отара овец&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;героический подвиг&lt;/code&gt; and I can go for quite a long but you got the idea. As you can see, some of such usages a de-facto used quite often - that often that you don't even think about such redundancy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good editor is supposed to recognize such phrases and get rid of them though.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-08-26T19:18:12.423" LastActivityDate="2018-08-26T19:18:12.423" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17062" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-27T04:35:42.513" Score="7" ViewCount="533" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пожалуй, стоило бы &lt;strong&gt;намылить ему шею&lt;/strong&gt; за то, что из-за него я так долго был лишен вашего общества. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if this expression means &quot;give him a (verbal) dressing-down&quot;? Does &quot;намылить&quot; have anything to do with &quot;soap&quot;? In French, there is a similar colloquial expression &quot;passer un savon{soap} à someone&quot; to mean exactly that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know in which register it is used, but are there synonymous expressions for &quot;намылить ему шею&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-11-25T23:38:03.047" Title="Meaning of &quot;намылить ему шею&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17063" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17064" CreationDate="2018-08-27T06:24:14.150" Score="4" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Только подумай! Возможно, пока мы разговариваем, британские солдаты проникают в город, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;мы даже не догадываемся&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if this is a commonly used expression to convey the idea of &quot;(Something could be happening), &lt;strong&gt;and we'd be none the wiser&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is that this Russian expression does not use the conditional mood for one thing, so I'm not sure if it serves as an equivalent. If it doesn't, how do Russian speakers commonly express this idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-08-27T08:48:30.650" LastActivityDate="2018-08-27T11:26:33.160" Title="How do you say &quot;We'd be none the wiser”?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17064" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17063" CreationDate="2018-08-27T06:35:57.970" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think &lt;em&gt;&quot;none the wiser&quot;&lt;/em&gt; fits here. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?a=3&amp;amp;s=none%20the%20wiser&amp;amp;sc=0&amp;amp;l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Here're&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; its translations into Russian, and neither it does as per its definition in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=none+the+wiser&amp;amp;oq=none+the+wiser&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;English - English&lt;/a&gt; dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It rather means to not know, understand or find out after the fact, not as something is happening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian phrase in question means &lt;em&gt;&quot;and we have no idea whatsoever / are totally oblivious&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. Its synonym would be an idiom &lt;strong&gt;&quot;a мы ни сном, ни духом&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; or a relatively more straightforward phrase &lt;strong&gt;&quot;a мы даже не знаем/не в курсе/понятия не имеем&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe it would fit if the sentence were conditional&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если бы сейчас, пока мы разговариваем, в город проникли британские солдаты, мы&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;остались бы в полном неведении&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;бы ничего (даже) не узнали&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;бы ни о чём (даже) не догадались&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-08-27T07:02:52.393" LastActivityDate="2018-08-27T07:02:52.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17062" CreationDate="2018-08-27T09:39:11.553" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some say &quot;намылить&quot; is to &quot;put some frothy soap on&quot;, &quot;to lather&quot; and actually this phrase has pretty grim etymology - for execution via hanging the know was usually lubricated by soap (or wax) to ensure it smoothness. Sometimes neck of one who's executed was lathered as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &quot;намылить шею&quot; (according to this version) initially had more dark connotations that not just non-existent - it's quite soft actually. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is at least the most popular version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However personally me never found this version convincing enough - it's just that there's not enough evidence that support this version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually &lt;code&gt;намылить&lt;/code&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.de/books?id=lMgGAAAAQAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA385&amp;amp;dq=%22%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%8E%22&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwiM6K6e9YzdAhUOmrQKHd_nAgwQ6AEIMDAB#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%22%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%8E%22&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;meant&lt;/a&gt; to stand for: &quot;намыливая в воде, растирать, натирать&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iXsmx.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iXsmx.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you've ever seen how laundry looks like before the invention of washing machines you've most likely seen something like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eMjjy.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/eMjjy.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This device is called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washboard_(laundry)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;washboard&lt;/a&gt; (or &lt;code&gt;стиральная доска&lt;/code&gt; in Russian) and Wikipedia got it right:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Clothes are soaked in hot soapy water in a washtub or sink, then squeezed and rubbed against the ridged surface of the washboard to force the cleansing fluid through the cloth to carry away dirt. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it's rubbing forcibly against some ridged hard surface. One can imagine that it's quite uncomfortable if we'll make the same with the neck. &#xA;So may be etymology is not that grim after all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-08-27T09:39:11.553" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17063" CreationDate="2018-08-27T11:26:33.160" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your way of saying it doesn't work with the conditional mood, instead it implies conditionality using the &lt;strong&gt;Только подумай/Imagine&lt;/strong&gt; form. It would be the same in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Imagine, while we are talking here, British troops are ... and we haven't even got a clue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, if you want to use the conditional &lt;strong&gt;&quot;and we'd be none the wiser,&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; you wouldn't use the &lt;strong&gt;imagine&lt;/strong&gt; form, you'd instead make it conditional, something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;British troops could be infiltrating the city as we speak and we'd be none the wiser.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would work in a similar fashion in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Британские солдаты могли бы/могут проникать в город пока мы тут разговариваем, а мы бы &lt;strong&gt;даже и не догадывались/понятия не имели/ничего об этом не знали/нам бы это и в голову не пришло&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Something like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-08-27T11:26:33.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17067" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-27T15:23:54.387" Score="2" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would I say &quot;of the silk road&quot;  as in a male dog or horse or cat from the Silk Road?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By &quot;the Silk Road&quot; I mean the ancient general route or area stretching from Russia, Central Asia and China.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. &quot;Maxim of the Silk Road&quot; or from the Silk Road/Silk Route.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maxim is the name of an animal e.g. a cat, or dog or horse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second part would be a family name - meaning &quot;of the Silk Route&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And how would I write it in English using the Latin alphabet?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would &lt;em&gt;Maxim Шелкового пути&lt;/em&gt;, i.e. &quot;Maxim Shelkovogo&quot; or &quot;Maxim Shelkovog Put&quot; make sense? Or would &quot;Maxim Shelkovoy&quot; or &quot;Maxim Shelkovoy Dorogi&quot; make more sense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10915" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-08-28T11:57:07.857" LastActivityDate="2018-08-31T12:07:18.677" Title="How would I say &quot;of the silk road&quot; as in a male dog or horse or cat from the silk road?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17060" CreationDate="2018-08-27T20:16:26.870" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Пинают не обязательно ногами. Например, можно пнуть с работы.  Когда-то такое употребление слова &lt;code&gt;пнуть&lt;/code&gt; было переносным, сейчас уже, наверное, стало вторым значением.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-08-27T20:16:26.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17069" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17070" CreationDate="2018-08-28T09:06:47.443" Score="7" ViewCount="761" Body="&lt;p&gt;When learning Russian grammar, the only auxiliary verb that is explained is &lt;code&gt;быть&lt;/code&gt;, which is used for forming the imperfective future tense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, occasionally I have seen sentences where идти is used as an auxiliary verb. For example, I once saw the combination &lt;code&gt;идти гулять&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could someone explain how such constructions work and precisely what its nuances are (i.e. what's the difference between &lt;code&gt;я погуляю&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;я иду гулять&lt;/code&gt;)? Is it also possible to say &lt;code&gt;я шёл гулять&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Side question: are there any other auxiliary verbs in Russian besides &lt;code&gt;быть&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;идти&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10420" LastEditorUserId="10017" LastEditDate="2018-09-01T21:49:54.013" LastActivityDate="2018-09-01T21:49:54.013" Title="Auxiliary verbs" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17069" CreationDate="2018-08-28T10:41:31.253" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) As Abakan has noted these aren't auxiliary verbs, these are simply two actions in which one is the condition for another and which could be separated by the conjunction &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;чтобы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;идти гулять - идти, &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; (по)гулять&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оther examples&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я встал (, чтобы) выглянуть в окно - i got up &lt;strong&gt;to&lt;/strong&gt; take a look&#xA;  outside   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я ложусь (, чтобы) спать - (literally) i lie down &lt;strong&gt;to&lt;/strong&gt; sleep;&#xA;  (idiomatically) i go to sleep&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  я иду (, чтобы) спать - i go to sleep&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я сяду отдохну / (, чтобы) отдохнуть - i'll sit &lt;strong&gt;to&lt;/strong&gt; take&#xA;  some rest&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The nuance is that only the first verb is tensed and conjugated whereas the second usually maintains its infinitive form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In future tense both verbs can be tensed and conjugated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &quot;я погуляю&quot; - is future tense perfective&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&quot;я иду гулять&quot; - is present tense whose future counterpart should be &quot;я пойду (по)гулять/погуляю&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;я шёл гулять&quot; is indeed a legitimate construction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В детстве, сделав уроки, я обычно &lt;strong&gt;шёл гулять&lt;/strong&gt;. - In my childhood having done my homework i &lt;strong&gt;would&lt;/strong&gt; usually &lt;strong&gt;go to hang&lt;/strong&gt; outside.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these collocations the action denoted by the tensed verb is more important, therefore they're used when that aspect needs to be stressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand one could say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В детстве, сделав уроки, я обычно гулял&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-08-28T15:27:06.500" LastActivityDate="2018-08-28T15:27:06.500" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17069" CreationDate="2018-08-28T10:55:25.183" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Идти&lt;/strong&gt; is not an auxiliary verb, it refers to literal physical going/walking. Yes, it's also possible to say &lt;strong&gt;я шёл гулять&lt;/strong&gt;, but it has the same meaning of having to get somewhere before the &amp;quot;actual&amp;quot; walk begins.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, I can only think of one auxiliary verb in Russian besides &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt;. It's &lt;strong&gt;стать&lt;/strong&gt;. On its own, it means &amp;quot;to become&amp;quot;; when followed by an imperfective verb in the infinitive, it means &amp;quot;to begin [to]&amp;quot;. That is, it's broadly synonymous with &lt;strong&gt;начать&lt;/strong&gt;, but &lt;strong&gt;начать&lt;/strong&gt;'s meaning of &amp;quot;begin&amp;quot; is lexically inherent, whereas &lt;strong&gt;стать&lt;/strong&gt; in this sense is truly auxiliary. You can say, as a complete phrase, &lt;strong&gt;Мы уже начали&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;quot;We've already begun/started [doing smth.]&amp;quot;, but &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;*Мы уже стали&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; can only mean &amp;quot;We've already become&amp;quot; and wouldn't make sense when talking about starting something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the nuances of usage, &lt;strong&gt;стать&lt;/strong&gt; implies less of a clear plan of action, or intent to carry it through, or a more general expectation of consequence, than &lt;strong&gt;начать&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вадим стал расхаживать из стороны в сторону.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вадим начал расхаживать из стороны в сторону.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are both &amp;quot;Vadim started pacing to and fro&amp;quot;, but the difference is, the first one is just a thing that happened; with the second one, you vaguely expect it to lead to something else. Perhaps it's a thing with Vadim that he's known to start pacing to and fro when he gets angry and is about to yell.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы стали обзванивать больницы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы начали обзванивать больницы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;We started calling different hospitals [around the area]&amp;quot;, presumably because someone's gone missing. The difference is: the &lt;strong&gt;стали&lt;/strong&gt; one has the implication is that they were unclear what to do or were out of options at that point. Whereas the &lt;strong&gt;начали&lt;/strong&gt; one sounds more like methodically going through a missing-person checklist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And another important nuance. A negated or interrogative auxiliary &lt;strong&gt;стать&lt;/strong&gt; has a significantly different meaning. In a way, the opposite of regular &lt;strong&gt;стать&lt;/strong&gt;. It doesn't even mean &amp;quot;to begin to&amp;quot; so much as &amp;quot;to decide/choose to&amp;quot;, with a particular shade of meaning that I'd describe as &lt;em&gt;objection-based refraining&lt;/em&gt; from an already proposed or implied course of action. The objection in question can equally be moral or rational.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не стану выманивать деньги у матери троих детей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;I will not coax money out of a mother of three.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разве они станут связываться с племянником олигарха?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Do you really think they'd mess with an oligarch's nephew?&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-28T10:55:25.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17069" CreationDate="2018-08-28T17:04:30.260" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will touch only the nuances of given examples in my answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;я погуляю&quot; (&quot;I will go out&quot;) is perfective. The implied&#xA;meaning can be &quot;I will be out, but come back soon.&quot; For example: &quot;The&#xA;dinner is not ready yet&quot; - &quot;I will go out for a while&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;я иду гулять&quot; (&quot;I'm going to go out&quot;) is imperfective. The implied meaning can be &quot;I will be out, I'm done here.&quot; or &quot;I go out, come with me?&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;я шёл гулять&quot; (&quot;I was going out&quot;) is in past tense. This can be actually &quot;past simple&quot;, as in Баян Купи-ка's example (&quot;обычно шёл гулять&quot;), or &quot;past continuous&quot;, Ex.: &quot;Я шёл гулять, но началась гроза, и я вернулся домой&quot; - &quot;I was on my way out, but thunderstorm broke out, and I returned home.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-08-28T17:04:30.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17074" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17067" CreationDate="2018-08-28T17:18:00.853" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The literal answer to your question would be &lt;em&gt;Максим с Шёлкового Пути&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;Maxim s Shelkovogo Puti&quot; or &quot;Maksim s Sholkavava Puti&quot;, depending on whether you want transliteration or transcription).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, I am assuming you are trying to use this name in a piece of fiction, and if that's the case, there are a couple of issues with this phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, &quot;The Silk Road&quot; is a historiographical term: it had been coined by modern historians to describe a certain entity which lacked a contemporary name. People who used the Silk Road did not call it &quot;The Silk Road&quot;, and it's very unlikely they were at all aware that such a thing existed. This means that a name like this could not be used to call an animal in a realistic setting. Of course your mileage can vary if your setting involves time-travel or sci-fi or something like that when people from the future would want to name an animal from the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, the &quot;Silk Road&quot; part of this phrase is not a Russian last name. Most Russian last names are formed according to several paradigms (&lt;em&gt;-ов/-ев, -ин/-ын, -ий/-ый, -ой, -ович/евич&lt;/em&gt; etc.) and in most cases to form a Russian last name from a dictionary word you'd need to shoehorn it into one of those paradigms. Those paradigms are only remotely related to the way the modern language works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian for &quot;Silk Road&quot; is &lt;em&gt;Шёлковый путь&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Великий Шёлковый путь&lt;/em&gt;, which is quite a cumbersome phrase, and it's a challenge to make a nice-sounding Russian surname out of it which would still point to its original.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could try and use something like &lt;em&gt;Шелкопутный&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Шелкопутский&lt;/em&gt; or something like this, but those would not immediately strike the reader with a meaning of &quot;from the Silk Road&quot;, they would need to be reminded of that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you provided us with more context on how you are going to use this name in your work, we'd probably be able to give you a better advice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-08-31T12:07:18.677" LastActivityDate="2018-08-31T12:07:18.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17076" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17077" CreationDate="2018-08-30T13:00:39.330" Score="4" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;В Интернете, вроде, встречаются обе формы (В.п. и Пр.п.). Улёгся «на ковёр»/«на ковре», «на кровать»/«на кровати», «на матрас»/«на матрасе». Есть ли одна правильная форма, а если нет, то в чём разница?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10926" LastActivityDate="2018-08-31T15:35:26.353" Title="Улечься «на кровать» или «на кровати»?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17076" CreationDate="2018-08-30T13:22:25.457" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;То же &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;усесться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На мой взгляд разница такова, что с В.п. слово в целом синонимично слову &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;сесть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; с примесью определённого оттенка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С П.п. оно (в моём понимании) означает &quot;&lt;em&gt;лечь так, чтобы было комфортно&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, в этом значении его синонимом является слово &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;умоститься&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Иногда его значение совпадает со словом &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;разлечься&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; или универсальным &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;развалиться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, то есть &quot;&lt;em&gt;лечь, заняв неприлично много места&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, в коннотации которого также присутствует оттенок комфорта, потому что комфортное лежание/сидение предполагают остутствие какого бы то ни было пространственного стеснения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кроме этого я бы добавил, что в В.п. акцентируется место/предмет, на который ложатся, потому что сам образ действия довольно тривиален, а в П.п. наоборот - способ размещения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-08-30T20:35:50.263" LastActivityDate="2018-08-30T20:35:50.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17076" CreationDate="2018-08-31T15:35:26.353" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Небольшое дополнение. Как &lt;em&gt;способ размещения&lt;/em&gt; вариант &lt;strong&gt;на кровати&lt;/strong&gt; может иметь ещё один аспект употребления (кроме того, &lt;em&gt;каким образом возлежать&lt;/em&gt;): кровать может акцентироваться как &lt;em&gt;альтернативное место&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;на чём = где&lt;/strong&gt;) по отношению к другому (напр. дивану); в этом случае не важен вариант глагола со значением &quot;ложиться&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На ночь он отдал в распоряжение гостя &lt;em&gt;диван в гостиной&lt;/em&gt;, а сам улёгся &lt;strong&gt;на кровати&lt;/strong&gt; в спальне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-08-31T15:35:26.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17079" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-08-31T21:59:12.843" Score="5" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;p&gt;В бухгалтерской терминологии есть списания и поступления средств на счет и со счета. Есть ли слово, которое объединяет эти два понятия не заостряя внимание на направлении их движения?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-09-07T07:20:45.477" LastActivityDate="2018-09-07T07:20:45.477" Title="&quot;Cписание&quot; и &quot;поступление&quot; одним словом" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17079" CreationDate="2018-08-31T22:08:44.827" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ближайшее, вероятно, «транзакция», хотя это не совсем одно и то же. Транзакция, как правило, подразумевает, что деньги откуда-то ушли и куда-то пришли. Списание допускает, по крайней мере умозрительно, что деньги могли уйти, но никуда не прийти. Но на практике слово транзакция можно применять вместо списания и зачисления. Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Непонятная транзакция»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Вижу в выписке транзакцию на сумму &lt;em&gt;xxx&lt;/em&gt;»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В обоих случаях остаётся неясным, о зачислении или списании идёт речь, т.е. слово «транзакция» действительно заменяет оба термина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="47" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-08-31T22:08:44.827" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17079" CreationDate="2018-08-31T23:46:16.687" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;em&gt;движение&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;движение денежных средств&lt;/em&gt; in case of a financial account, &lt;em&gt;движение металла&lt;/em&gt; in case of a metal account etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Движение денежных средств: изменение сумм денежных средств на счетах физических и юридических лиц, переход денег из одних рук в другие. // &lt;em&gt;Райзберг Б.А., Лозовский Л.Ш., Стародубцева Е.Б.. Современный экономический словарь. — 2-е изд., испр. М.: ИНФРА-М. 479 с.. 1999.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-08-31T23:46:16.687" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17082" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17083" CreationDate="2018-09-01T02:09:17.117" Score="3" ViewCount="94" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И тут он внезапно запел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И тут он как запоёт!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2018-09-01T07:01:26.297" Title="Difference between внезапно запел and как запоёт" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17082" CreationDate="2018-09-01T06:47:34.090" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;They differ in emphasis of suddenness, which is greater in the 2nd sentence as indicated by the exclamation mark, in addition to the fact that's it's more colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 1st sentence is повествовательное (narrative) while the 2nd is восклицательное (exclamatory).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The combination &lt;code&gt;КАК + perf. verb in the past/future tense || imperative&lt;/code&gt; is a way to express suddenness or intensity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2nd phrase can also be put in the past tense or imperative&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И тут он как запел / запой!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And it can also incorporate the adverb &lt;strong&gt;внезапно&lt;/strong&gt; to sound pleonastic&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И тут он внезапно как запоёт/запел/запой!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-01T07:01:26.297" LastActivityDate="2018-09-01T07:01:26.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17084" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17085" CreationDate="2018-09-01T16:05:05.470" Score="5" ViewCount="667" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between научиться and выучить? I understand that they both mean &quot;to learn&quot; but are they used in different contexts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5468" LastActivityDate="2018-09-03T06:13:51.790" Title="What is the difference between научиться and выучить?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17084" CreationDate="2018-09-01T17:57:21.043" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;научиться&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;+ noun in Dative/verb in infinitive&lt;/code&gt; - to acquire a skill (a set of skills)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;выучить&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;+ Accusative&lt;/code&gt; - to learn by heart, to memorize&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я научился игре / играть на гитаре - I've learned (how) to play guitar&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я выучил названия аккордов - I've learned the names of chords&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There's also the verb &lt;strong&gt;выучиться&lt;/strong&gt; which is basically synonymous to &lt;strong&gt;научиться&lt;/strong&gt; but implies greater effort invested or difficulty experienced, something in the vein of &lt;code&gt;to manage to learn&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;strong&gt;обучиться&lt;/strong&gt; (reminded of by Alex_ander in the comment below) which is another synonym with a tendency to connect with nouns rather than with infinitives and having a tinge of thoroughness to its meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other end there's the verb &lt;strong&gt;изучить&lt;/strong&gt; as a synonym of &lt;strong&gt;выучить&lt;/strong&gt; but indicating a more thorough/exhaustive result or a process.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Still in contrast to &lt;strong&gt;изучить&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;выучить&lt;/strong&gt; is a bit deficient with respect to imperfective aspect and the present tense as it's almost never used in the corresponding forms, i.e. &lt;strong&gt;выучивал/выучиваю/буду выучивать&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-03T06:13:51.790" LastActivityDate="2018-09-03T06:13:51.790" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17086" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-01T22:21:05.027" Score="3" ViewCount="232" Body="&lt;p&gt;When referring in English to the dominant agricultural system in the southern US pre-1865, one typically says something like &quot;plantation slavery,&quot; and reasonably-educated people &quot;know what you're talking about&quot;--estates with very large spatial extents and chattel-slave populations growing cash crops. Similarly, one can use the term &quot;hacienda system&quot; to refer to similar operations in Latin America (both before and after abolition of slavery), or &quot;latifundia&quot; for ancient Rome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a term widely used to refer to the serf-operated, large-estate system of the Russian grainbelt before the 1861 abolition? I sometimes see references to &lt;em&gt;obshchina&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;mir&lt;/em&gt;, but IIUC (1) those are governing structures, and (2) even a relatively small estate would have several &lt;em&gt;mir&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10932" LastEditorUserId="10932" LastEditDate="2018-09-02T03:44:12.600" LastActivityDate="2018-09-02T07:01:58.230" Title="common-usage term for pre-1861 Russian agriculture system?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17087" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-01T23:25:18.990" Score="4" ViewCount="86" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Дожил: разговариваю с птицами.&quot; (Пишется двоеточие, потому что в 2 части БСП идет пояснение, раскрытие смысла первой).&#xA;&quot;Разговариваю с птицами - дожил.&quot; (Ставится тире, т.к. в 2 части БСП идет следствие, результат).&#xA;Все верно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10933" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-09-05T10:38:03.720" LastActivityDate="2018-09-05T10:38:03.720" Title="Постановка знаков препинания после &quot;дожил&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17086" CreationDate="2018-09-02T06:58:25.130" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't tell for certain, but after a bit of a research it seems that two terms could be used around the period in question to designate this type of economic system (if you're after the historical term)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%A3%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%8C%D0%B5+%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;помѣщичье хозяйство&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%A3%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;крѣпостное хозяйство&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both occur in modern historiography but this fact alone wouldn't prove their use in the XIX century. Still their occurrence in pre-reform orthography is i think a good indication of their currency in or shortly after the relevant time period.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, &lt;strong&gt;помѣщичье хозяйство&lt;/strong&gt; was practised until 1917 when it was abolished by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5#%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Land Decree&lt;/a&gt; which read:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;«Помещичья собственность на землю отменяется немедленно без всякого&#xA;  выкупа»&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-09-02T06:58:25.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17086" CreationDate="2018-09-02T07:01:58.230" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Крепостное право&lt;/strong&gt; (serfdom) is the name for the economical system (and also a historical phase) in Russia before 1861. It is not about agriculture exactly, although most peasants worked in this area. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Поместье&lt;/strong&gt; (estate) and &lt;strong&gt;помещик&lt;/strong&gt; (landlord) is used to talk about land and its owners respectively. But the terms do not imply particularly big size of the household. For the owners of big amount of land you may use &lt;strong&gt;крупноземельный помещик&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Помещики&lt;/strong&gt;, however, survived the serfdom abolition in 1861 because they still owned most of the land after it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-09-02T07:01:58.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17020" CreationDate="2018-09-02T10:02:39.750" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am Russian but not linguist. I am going to tell how I understand this but I do not know any language theory behind this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example you can use &lt;code&gt;будто&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;как будто&lt;/code&gt; interchangeably. I think nowadays they more likely say &lt;code&gt;как будто&lt;/code&gt; in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes the word &lt;code&gt;как будто&lt;/code&gt; is used to qualify an immediately following word or even a sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they say &lt;code&gt;эту яму специально кто-то вырыл&lt;/code&gt; this might sound like accusation which in this case is obviously wrong. If they add &lt;code&gt;как будто&lt;/code&gt; they soften the accusation and say that this seems like it was done intentionally but we know that it was not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's look at couple examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I say to my friend:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ты как будто хочешь меня обидеть.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that I expect and hope that they have no intention to offend me but they behave like they do, they make me feel they are offending me. The translation might be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;You seem to want to offend me.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как будто мне заняться нечем!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It might be translated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;As if I have nothing to do!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this example &lt;code&gt;Как будто&lt;/code&gt; effects the meaning of the next sentence &lt;code&gt;мне заняться нечем&lt;/code&gt;. It changes the meaning to the contrary, as if I say that I have a lot to do now, but also adds some emotions and irony to the statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think I can remember the time when the expression &lt;code&gt;как будто&lt;/code&gt; become popular as a filter word. People tend to use to fill in the pause or to sound modern and cool.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the old school version for the last example might be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мне больше заняться нечем!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10935" LastEditorUserId="10935" LastEditDate="2018-09-02T13:45:05.327" LastActivityDate="2018-09-02T13:45:05.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16977" CreationDate="2018-09-02T10:37:16.447" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with @Alex_ander that the first version sounds much more offensive. But it also depends on how you say it and the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С чего это вдруг ты стал обо мне заботиться?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even more offensive might be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С [rude word here] ли ты стал обо мне заботиться?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I want to sound polite I would ask&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почему ты стал обо мне заботиться?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разница в том, на чем ты делаешь акцент в предложении, какие эмоции ты хочешь выразить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Грубая форма &lt;code&gt;с чего&lt;/code&gt;, которая звучит резко, может быть даже как эвфемизм. &lt;code&gt;Отчего&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;Почему&lt;/code&gt; звучат не так резко. Хотя смысл один и тот же.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Акцент на слове &lt;code&gt;вдруг&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;это вдруг&lt;/code&gt;, чтобы подчеркнуть, что ты никогда до этого обо мне не заботился, но вдруг ты обо мне вспомнил. Подозрительно.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I intentionally explained this in Russian because I hope this will help you to learn the language. Also I am not linguist and this all is how I understand things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10935" LastActivityDate="2018-09-02T10:37:16.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17093" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-02T15:45:40.837" Score="9" ViewCount="506" Body="&lt;p&gt;Некоторые слова в зависимости от рода имеют разный смысл, например, &quot;машинист&quot; и &quot;машинистка&quot; — это совершенно разные профессии. Есть ли название у такого языкового феномена?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10937" LastActivityDate="2019-05-14T11:29:06.193" Title="Как называются слова, меняющие значение в зависимости от рода: как &quot;машинист&quot; и &quot;машинистка&quot;?" Tags="&lt;род&gt;&lt;лингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17095" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17096" CreationDate="2018-09-03T08:30:50.397" Score="4" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;p&gt;Школьное выражение:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;-Иванов, ты почему уроки прогулял?&#xA;-А я как все //Это проблемное место&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подскажите пожалуйста, филологи, с какой пунктуацией пойдёт выражение &quot;А я как все.&quot; С дефисом, запятой или ещё с какими-нибудь знаками препинания?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10938" LastActivityDate="2018-09-03T12:19:58.617" Title="С какой пунктуацией пойдёт выражение - &quot;а я как все&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17095" CreationDate="2018-09-03T12:19:58.617" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;В данном случае как не нуждается в пунктуационном обособлении. В приведённом в комментариях &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/class/coach/punct/45_183&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;источнике&lt;/a&gt; перечислены пять случаев, когда такое случается. На самом деле эти категории не являются взаимоисключающими, поэтому можно сказать что &quot;как&quot; в данном случае не обособляется, потому что:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;стоит между подлежащим и сказуемым&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;как&quot; входит в состав сказуемого и предложение без оборота не имеет смысла&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;оборот входит в состав фразеологизма&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-09-03T12:19:58.617" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17097" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17093" CreationDate="2018-09-03T19:14:42.973" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no specific term a single word one can use however there are some related terminology. Generally speaking this is a phenomena of &lt;code&gt;gender-related semantic differences&lt;/code&gt; - when grammatical gender affects the way perceive the word. Technically nothing stops a woman from being called &lt;code&gt;машинистка&lt;/code&gt; and riding trains or &lt;code&gt;генеральша&lt;/code&gt; to rule an army however de-facto there exist a shift in meaning because of which when we think of &lt;code&gt;машинистка&lt;/code&gt; we picture to ourselves woman typing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When one word has positive connotation and it's counterpart has negative this differentiation is called &lt;code&gt;gender-related semantic polarization&lt;/code&gt; (in Russian I've seen &lt;code&gt;семантическая полярность&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;семантическая поляризация&lt;/code&gt;). In Russian one example of such polarization would be the pair &lt;code&gt;стерва&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;стервец&lt;/code&gt; where &quot;стервец&quot; is way more neutral than &quot;стерва&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian-language articles I've never encountered specific dedicated term however once I've seen &lt;code&gt;ложная гендерная парность&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; I figured out that on English SE they sometimes come up with their own suggestion if no relevant term has been found. So after some investigation I'm suggesting following term - &lt;code&gt;квазифеминитив&lt;/code&gt;. So, the word &lt;code&gt;машинистка&lt;/code&gt; would be a &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;квазифеминитив&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;машинист&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;машинистка&lt;/code&gt; would be &lt;code&gt;пара с квазифеминитивом&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-14T11:29:06.193" LastActivityDate="2019-05-14T11:29:06.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17087" CreationDate="2018-09-04T07:21:29.810" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я не думаю, что &lt;strong&gt;дожил&lt;/strong&gt; во втором примере &amp;mdash; это результат. Это, скорее, просто вывод из наблюдения в первой части. Но тире тут вполне уместно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сам вопрос в заголовке сформулирован не очень аккуратно. Речь идет не о тире после &lt;strong&gt;дожил&lt;/strong&gt;, а о тире между двумя частями &lt;code&gt;сложноподчиненного предложения&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9539" LastActivityDate="2018-09-04T07:21:29.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16989" CreationDate="2018-09-04T07:24:23.560" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A slightly low-key option is &lt;code&gt;это приелось&lt;/code&gt;, with an obvious reference to food.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9539" LastActivityDate="2018-09-04T07:24:23.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17100" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17101" CreationDate="2018-09-04T13:26:35.310" Score="5" ViewCount="1149" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Она уснула с улыбкой на лице.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Допустимо ли выражение &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;с улыбкой на лице&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; или можно написать только &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;с улыбкой на губах&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-09-04T14:29:42.590" LastActivityDate="2018-09-04T16:38:51.330" Title="Корректность выражения &quot;с улыбкой на лице&quot;" Tags="&lt;фраза&gt;&lt;грамотность&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17100" CreationDate="2018-09-04T14:23:52.233" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если опираться на статистику употребления, то, вообще говоря, &quot;с улыбкой на лице&quot; употребляется заметно чаще чем &quot;с улыбкой на губах&quot;. В этом легко убедиться как если просто поискать на гугле или яндексе по общему числу вхождений, так и на специфическом сайте. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/i4fKH.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/i4fKH.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JTirD.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JTirD.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То же самое касается альтернативных форм &lt;code&gt;с улыбкою на губах/устах&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;с улыбкою на лице&lt;/code&gt;. То же самое касается пар фраз типа &quot;улыбка не сходила с его лица&quot; / &quot;улыбка не сходила с его губ&quot;. В общем, не будет натяжкой сказать, что улыбка в русском словоупотреблении воспринимается в больше степени как атрибут лица, а не губ. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-09-04T14:33:29.487" LastActivityDate="2018-09-04T14:33:29.487" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17100" CreationDate="2018-09-04T15:51:33.560" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Улыбка проявляется у людей по-разному и может различаться для разных частей лица в зависимости от ситуации или зависеть от индивидуальных особенностей человека. Можно вспомнить, что у лермонтовского Печорина &lt;em&gt;глаза&lt;/em&gt; не смеялись, когда он сам смеялся. Поэтому &quot;... на лице&quot; можно считать нейтральным и вполне приемлемым выражением.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-09-04T15:51:33.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17100" CreationDate="2018-09-04T16:38:51.330" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я в таких случаях как правило в &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D1%81%20%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%2C%D1%81%20%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Google N-grams&lt;/a&gt; обращаюсь:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rD7Z0.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rD7Z0.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Статистика употребления выражений в русскоязычных текстах&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Как видно---улыбка на лице куда более популярна в текстах. По крайней мере в рамках корпуса книг Google.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastActivityDate="2018-09-04T16:38:51.330" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17104" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-05T10:43:17.110" Score="5" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;На свете&lt;/strong&gt; нет ничего невозможного.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Любой парень &lt;strong&gt;на свете&lt;/strong&gt; бы ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't quite put my finger on why &amp;quot;на свете&amp;quot; needs to be used in the first two instances and  &amp;quot;в мире&amp;quot; in the third. How do these two figurative expressions compare?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если вы собираетесь на самую страшную вечеринку &lt;strong&gt;в мире&lt;/strong&gt;, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-09-05T13:40:08.797" Title="When to use &quot;на свете&quot; and when to use &quot;в мире&quot; in their figurative sense?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17104" CreationDate="2018-09-05T10:57:14.490" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My feeling is that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;на свете&lt;/strong&gt; usually refers to &lt;em&gt;of all times&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ever&lt;/em&gt; and to immaterial world&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в мире&lt;/strong&gt; - in the world presently and in material world&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this distinction isn't hard and fast, they might overlap or depend on the context and phraseology conventions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-05T12:38:46.963" LastActivityDate="2018-09-05T12:38:46.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17104" CreationDate="2018-09-05T13:40:08.797" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В мире&lt;/strong&gt; is based on facts about the world as objective and verifiable thing. Like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Байкал - самое глубокое озеро в мире.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;На свете&lt;/strong&gt; is more of a hyperbole that isn't meant to be taken literally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Лучший парень на свете.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Best guy in the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6326" LastActivityDate="2018-09-05T13:40:08.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17107" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17121" CreationDate="2018-09-05T15:29:41.000" Score="4" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Поскольку Япония - достаточно далекая &lt;strong&gt;от нас&lt;/strong&gt; страна, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In German, inserting a prepositional phrase like &quot;от нас&quot; into a nominal phrase in this manner is considered rather formal. What about in Russian? I wonder if in conversation I need to paraphrase it somehow in a more relaxed style?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-09-05T17:30:16.533" LastActivityDate="2018-09-07T03:01:34.603" Title="&quot;Достаточно далекая от нас страна&quot;: Is this kind of piled-up nominal phrase considered formal in Russian?" Tags="&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17107" CreationDate="2018-09-05T15:33:00.927" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's nothing specifically formal or colloquial in such usage - &quot;от нас&quot; in this context just indicates the relative distance  - from us to Japan. This can be equally used in official speech and in everyday conversation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-09-05T15:33:00.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17107" CreationDate="2018-09-05T16:58:58.657" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Such an expression (despite widely used) usually reveals a speaker as a cautious person (if not a diplomat or mathematician) since &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; that stands behind &lt;strong&gt;достаточно далёкий&lt;/strong&gt; (distant enough or even 'little enough') is just that Japan is &lt;strong&gt;distant enough to use the word 'distant'&lt;/strong&gt; for it. Expressions with more sense are more clear: &lt;strong&gt;относительно, сравнительно далёкий&lt;/strong&gt; (relatively or comparatively distant). &lt;strong&gt;Достаточно&lt;/strong&gt; is used properly e. g. when it is followed by something, showing '&lt;em&gt;enough for what&lt;/em&gt;', otherwise expressions with it only reveal unsophisticated speech &lt;em&gt;habits&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-09-05T16:58:58.657" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17107" CreationDate="2018-09-05T18:08:41.750" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is only adding an extra clarification to the meaning of the phrase. For example, a Muscovite may say &quot;Поскольку Япония - достаточно далекая &lt;strong&gt;от нас&lt;/strong&gt; страна&quot; in a conversation with someone from Vladivostok, but not from Saint-Petersburg or Sochi.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-09-05T18:08:41.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17111" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-05T18:09:30.477" Score="4" ViewCount="82" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наконец я вас &lt;strong&gt;догнал&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs:  Наконец я вас &lt;strong&gt;настиг&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These two verbs essentially mean &amp;quot;catch up with someone&amp;quot;, but I wonder if and how they are nuanced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-09-06T06:33:19.407" Title="Nuances of meaning between &quot;догнать&quot; and &quot;настигнуть/настичь&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17111" CreationDate="2018-09-05T18:22:51.057" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;настичь&lt;/strong&gt; is purely bookish nowadays, using it in mundane conversations makes one sound altisonant&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;however unlike &lt;strong&gt;догнать&lt;/strong&gt; it also can mean to catch up unintentionally, without chasing after someone, and in this meaning it's synonymous with a more colloquial &lt;strong&gt;нагнать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;for denotation of catching up in figurative sense (catch up to, overtake in knowledge, physical features, accomplishments) &lt;strong&gt;догнать&lt;/strong&gt; is currently the only appropriate verb&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the difference in register between them reflects in the way i subjectively perceive your examples: in the 1st one &lt;strong&gt;вас&lt;/strong&gt; rings &lt;em&gt;you plural&lt;/em&gt; (German sie), in the 2nd it rings &lt;em&gt;you singular polite&lt;/em&gt; (German Sie)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-05T18:41:01.953" LastActivityDate="2018-09-05T18:41:01.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17111" CreationDate="2018-09-05T18:27:29.833" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Догнать&quot; is a neutral term and can be used in most situations.&#xA;&quot;Настичь&quot; is mostly applicable to the forces of nature - &quot;Нас настигла буря&quot; is still more common than &quot;Нас догнала буря&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Наконец я вас настиг&quot; sounds like what a villain would say in a comedy (or perhaps anyone with a sense or irony).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-09-05T18:27:29.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17111" CreationDate="2018-09-06T06:33:19.407" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наконец я вас настиг.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is absolutely bookish, looks like a citation from a book written in 19th century.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наконец я вас догнал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase looks like an end of the story, which you tell to a person, who you caught up:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[A very-very long story about &quot;a chase&quot; ...] ... Наконец я вас догнал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If you want to say this phrase to someone right in the moment when you have caught him/her up, it is better to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наконец-то я вас догнал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2018-09-06T06:33:19.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17115" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17120" CreationDate="2018-09-06T07:21:02.063" Score="3" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;How is that limited-height section of a house under a floor or roof (usually reserved for wiring and plumbing) called in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&#xA;The term in English is 'crawl space'. Google Translator rendered it as 'пространство сканирования', which I believe is wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2018-09-06T12:03:47.263" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:36:07.713" Title="Section of a house for wiring and plumbing" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17116" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17119" CreationDate="2018-09-06T07:32:47.770" Score="0" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am going to &quot;fix comments&quot; or &quot;eliminate notes&quot; or &quot;remove remarks&quot;?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that those phrases changes the meaning of &quot;Устранить замечания&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1713" LastActivityDate="2018-09-06T08:15:00.470" Title="How to translate &quot;Устранить замечания&quot; to English?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-09-06T09:16:20.720" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17115" CreationDate="2018-09-06T07:47:30.307" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the case of the space under the floor, it would probably be referred to as &amp;quot;подпольное пространство&amp;quot;, literally &amp;quot;under-the-floor space&amp;quot;. There is also the word &amp;quot;подпол&amp;quot; which is closer to &amp;quot;crawl space&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;cellar&amp;quot;, somewhere you could put jars or  vegetables for storage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the space above the ceiling, I am not quite sure these were widely used in Russian architecture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T07:36:07.713" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:36:07.713" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17116" CreationDate="2018-09-06T08:15:00.470" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right, &quot;устранить замечания&quot; usually doesn't simply mean to get rid of the remarks. You are eliminating them by doing something, presumably by improving things that were remarked on. What you are doing in this case can be called &lt;em&gt;addressing&lt;/em&gt; the remarks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Address the remarks&quot; keeps both the intended meaning and the object of the original phrase (замечания – remarks).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1147" LastActivityDate="2018-09-06T08:15:00.470" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17115" CreationDate="2018-09-06T09:51:30.220" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There're two terms&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/searchall.php?SWord=%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;техническое подполье&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/139517/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;технический чердак&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They obviously only suit the entire house, not a separate apartment in an apartment block.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For an apartment &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;техническое пространство&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (под полом/над потолком) may fit the bill, but this is an improvised generic term for lack of a better one (to my limited knowledge).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-06T10:22:29.353" LastActivityDate="2018-09-06T10:22:29.353" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17107" CreationDate="2018-09-07T03:01:34.603" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, not at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's what would be considered formal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Поскольку Япония — страна достаточно от нас далекая, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It looks nothing like German, but there's cast-iron logic to the word order here. Just putting &lt;strong&gt;страна&lt;/strong&gt; at the end when it's not the most informative word in the sentence is fairly relaxed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;*Достаточно далекая страна от нас&lt;/em&gt; sounds un-Russian unless you specifically want to stress &lt;strong&gt;от нас&lt;/strong&gt; (as opposed to it being remote from someone else).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there's anything formal here, it's the use of &lt;strong&gt;достаточно&lt;/strong&gt; instead of the more generic &lt;strong&gt;довольно&lt;/strong&gt;. Think &quot;fairly remote&quot; vs. &quot;quite remote&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-09-07T03:01:34.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17123" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17124" CreationDate="2018-09-07T11:32:30.193" Score="5" ViewCount="322" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm studying Russian through the Foreign Service Instutute course &lt;a href=&quot;https://fsi-languages.yojik.eu/languages/oldfsi/languages/russian.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;available here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm confused about the pronunciation of the letter e. In lesson 1, it says the following about the pronunciation of the letter e:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;In Russian the vowels e and я are given full pronunciation only when they &#xA;  are stressed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;When unstressed these vowels are pronounced as a short i. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what I understood was: &quot;Pronounce e as &quot;ye&quot; when they are stressed, otherwise pronounce them as an &quot;i&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this can't be right, as then I found words in the prepositional case where I hear the unstressed e being pronounced as &quot;ye&quot;. Examples below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;живёте&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Москве&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked up &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1449/pronunciation-of-%D0%B5&quot;&gt;a previous question about the pronunciation of e&lt;/a&gt; and it seemed to suggest that what's happening is that the previous consonant is palatalized and the e is still pronounced as Э.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So am I hearing the e as &quot;ye&quot; even though it's being pronounced as Э with a palatalized consonant? Or is there some rule that I am missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10949" LastActivityDate="2018-09-07T14:45:49.007" Title="Pronouncing the letter &quot;е&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17123" CreationDate="2018-09-07T12:21:06.970" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;There're two aspects to their pronunciation: 1) reduction 2) &quot;threshold&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These aspects are complementary and not mutually exclusive, so must be considered in parallel. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) When reduced due to being unstressed (save for Ё which is always stressed) the letters &lt;strong&gt;Я&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Е&lt;/strong&gt; don't sound like themselves but like &lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt; instead or something in between. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) As a double phoneme that is with the addition of preceding &lt;strong&gt;[y]&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;[й]&lt;/strong&gt; (the threshold) the letters &lt;strong&gt;Я, Ю, Е, Ё&lt;/strong&gt; are pronounced at the very beginning of words - &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;блоко [&lt;strong&gt;йа&lt;/strong&gt;блоко], &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;хать [&lt;strong&gt;йэ&lt;/strong&gt;хать], and after &lt;strong&gt;Ь&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Ъ&lt;/strong&gt; - семь&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; [cим&lt;strong&gt;йэ&lt;/strong&gt;], съ&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;л [с&lt;strong&gt;йэ&lt;/strong&gt;л].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;In the cited rule 1 'full pronunciation' apparently stands for the letter's alphabetic pronunciation (aspect 1 above) with no regard for the threshold (aspect 2 above), which the rule author probably didn't take into account.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;Москве&lt;/strong&gt; since&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1) &lt;strong&gt;[e]&lt;/strong&gt; is stressed it is NOT reduced - &lt;strong&gt;масквЕ&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;масквИ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2) it's not placed at the beginning and neither follows &lt;strong&gt;Ь&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;Ъ&lt;/strong&gt;, it  doesn't have a threshold, thus &lt;strong&gt;масквИЭ&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;масквЙЭ&lt;/strong&gt;.      &lt;strong&gt;масквЕ&lt;/strong&gt; = &lt;strong&gt;масквИЭ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;живёте&lt;/strong&gt; since&lt;br&gt;&#xA;1) &lt;strong&gt;[e]&lt;/strong&gt; is unstressed it is reduced - &lt;strong&gt;живётИ&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;живётЕ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2) it's not placed at the beginning and neither follows &lt;strong&gt;Ь&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;Ъ&lt;/strong&gt;, it  doesn't have a threshold, thus &lt;strong&gt;живётИ&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;живётЙИ&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(pronunciation of &lt;strong&gt;Ё&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;strong&gt;живёте&lt;/strong&gt; could be analyzed in a similar fashion, which i leave to yourself as an assignment)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-07T14:45:49.007" LastActivityDate="2018-09-07T14:45:49.007" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17062" CreationDate="2018-09-07T23:24:24.537" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;it's also phraseology meaning &quot;to do somethink rude with him&quot;. To scold or punish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One theory says that this phrase comes from epoch when criminals were executed by hanging. Rope for them was soaped for better slipping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5836" LastActivityDate="2018-09-07T23:24:24.537" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17127" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17129" CreationDate="2018-09-08T11:46:35.107" Score="4" ViewCount="619" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть предложение:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Инструменты знаю на уровне достаточном для настройки сервера.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нужно ли обрамлять запятыми &quot;достаточном для настройки сервера&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10953" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-09-08T12:26:23.680" LastActivityDate="2018-09-08T12:26:23.680" Title="&quot;На уровне, достаточном для...&quot; - нужна ли тут запятая?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17127" CreationDate="2018-09-08T12:17:15.183" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Конечно, нужно. Ведь это распространённое определение, стоящее после определяемого существительного. Такое определение, которое надо обрамлять запятыми, называется обособленным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А вот если бы оно стояло перед определяемым существительным, оно бы не обособлялось.  Есть некоторые исключения, но обычно после существительного обособляется, перед ним не обособляется. Подробнее: &lt;a href=&quot;http://school-collection.edu.ru/dlrstore-wrapper/1946d260-e1a1-4308-8126-72b39aaea09a/punc18.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://school-collection.edu.ru/dlrstore-wrapper/1946d260-e1a1-4308-8126-72b39aaea09a/punc18.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2018-09-08T12:17:15.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17127" CreationDate="2018-09-08T12:25:35.820" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;К своему удивлению я обнаружил, что де-факто перед &quot;достаточном для&quot; действительно ставят запятую. Обоснованием тому служит тот факт, что определительные обороты, стоящие после существительного должны обособляться. А именно, согласно &lt;a href=&quot;http://videotutor-rusyaz.ru/uchenikam/teoriya/262-obosoblennyeopredeleniyaiprilogeniya.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;общепринятым правилам&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как правило, обособляются (отделяются запятой, а в середине предложения выделяются с двух сторон запятыми) согласованные распространенные определения, выраженные причастием или&#xA;  прилагательным с зависимыми от них словами и стоящие после&#xA;  определяемого слова.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лично для меня это, повторюсь, большой сюрприз. В то время, как я согласен с обособлением в абсолютно всех примерах, приведённых по ссылке, и вместе с тем интуитивно не понимаю, почему &quot;достаточном&quot; тоже должно обособляться. Видимо, этот подпадает под пункт определения, имеющего уточняющее значение. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Замечу, что в интернете - даже в официальных документах, можно встретить &quot;на уровне, достаточном, для&quot; - вот вторая запятая точно не нужна и я бы назвал это случаем пунктуационной гиперкоррекции. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-09-08T12:25:35.820" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17115" CreationDate="2018-09-09T00:01:03.017" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just came up with another similar term from a different view point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Аппаратная&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's basically an &quot;device room&quot;, which can be anything. This is rather a room in a building and not a storey, but for that see other questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Things like the access door to the elevator motor or a boiler room might be labeled as such.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2018-09-09T00:01:03.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17132" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-09T12:11:17.460" Score="1" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between adjectives &quot;русский&quot; (Russian) and &quot;российский&quot; (Russian). In the ever-changing, myriad of names, for the Russian/ Soviet security services, down the decades, whenever &quot;Russian&quot; is required--&quot;российской&quot; is deployed eg The &quot;All-Russia Special....&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10955" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-09-09T22:58:32.947" LastActivityDate="2018-09-09T22:58:32.947" Title="&quot;Русский&quot; and &quot;российский&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2018-09-09T22:36:34.683" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17133" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-09T18:12:57.683" Score="3" ViewCount="285" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &quot;The New Penguin Russian Course&quot;, M.J. Brown (1996), a tourist in Moscow asks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Who was Dzherzhinsky?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;using &quot;кем&quot; (with whom) as opposed to &quot;кто&quot; (who) -- Mr. Brown did not give an explanation - why would Russians say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;with-whom-was-Dzh...?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to mean&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;who-was-Dzh...?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10955" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-09-09T22:43:13.917" LastActivityDate="2018-09-12T10:45:17.563" Title="&quot;Who&quot; and &quot;whom&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;essive&gt;&lt;изобразительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="138" CreationDate="2018-09-10T19:11:37.767" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For future reference this is how syllables are split in Russian according to a good English language source.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the source— &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.se/books?id=xltIrGHlMDQC&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;dq=Terence%20wade%20russian%20grammar&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwjf9_vfkbHdAhVJr6QKHU7WDUkQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=Terence%20wade%20russian%20grammar&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;A Comprehensive Russian Grammar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fb0dF.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fb0dF.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kk4Cc.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kk4Cc.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastActivityDate="2018-09-10T19:11:37.767" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17136" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-10T21:05:38.150" Score="4" ViewCount="300" Body="&lt;p&gt;Юноша - это молодой человек (парень). Юношеский, однако, означает возраст и подразумевает так же и девушек, как в словосочетании &quot;юношеский разряд&quot;. Есть ли слово с тем же смыслом что и юношеский, но пременимое исключительно к девушкам?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-09-10T22:25:32.180" LastActivityDate="2018-09-20T14:36:24.097" Title="&quot;Юноша&quot; и &quot;юношеский&quot; применительно к девушкам" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17136" CreationDate="2018-09-10T22:17:16.770" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это слово &amp;quot;девичий&amp;quot;. Читаем у &lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/785910&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ушакова&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ДЕ́ВИЧИЙ, Девичья, девичье. прил. к девица и к девушка. Девичьи наряды. Девичья красота. Девичий стыд. «Вам, людям молодым, другого нету дела, как замечать девичьи красоты?» Грибоедов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И хотя это слово и заметно менее употребимо по сравнению с &amp;quot;юношеский&amp;quot;, да и имеет ряд устаревших и книжных значений, но вполне встречается в обиходе, например как во фразе:  &amp;quot;Девичья сборная Копейска по футболу едет на первенство России&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Девичьего разряда действительно нет как лингвистической данности, но &amp;quot;девичий возраст&amp;quot; или &amp;quot;девичьи шалости&amp;quot; - вполне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-09-10T22:29:24.013" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17138" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17140" CreationDate="2018-09-11T11:11:11.057" Score="3" ViewCount="1487" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как раз услышал &quot;(Ну), это самое&quot;. Какое значение?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Это&quot;=it/this. Это понятно.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Однако проблема при соединении с &quot;самое&quot;, которое само по себе обозначает &quot;именно&quot; (например &quot;Эта самая книга.&quot;) или &quot;прямо, как раз&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отсюда предполагаю, что &quot;это самое значит&quot; что-то вроде &quot;именно это&quot; или &quot;как раз это&quot;. Я правильно понимаю? Кто-нибудь меня поправит?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10140" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-09-11T11:40:22.417" LastActivityDate="2018-09-27T14:15:29.777" Title="Что означает &quot;Это самое&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17138" CreationDate="2018-09-11T11:39:00.793" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Это самое&quot; has two meanings - one the literal one (like in &quot;эта самая книга&quot; you've mention) and other meaning makes this phrase to belong to the group of words and phrases that in English are called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filler_(linguistics)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;filler words&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. In Russian such words called way less neutral - &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;слова-паразиты&quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Such words bear no meaning and are used to sort of disguise pauses speaker has to deal with. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The literal meaning is way more rare compared the filler meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-09-11T11:39:00.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17138" CreationDate="2018-09-11T12:17:28.000" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как фраза-паразит &lt;strong&gt;это самое&lt;/strong&gt; может применяться в двух контекстах. Во втором оно более паразитично, чем в первом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Как попытка напоминания себе и собеседнику о том, о чём только что или недавно шла речь, за которой как правило сразу следует воспроизведение того, что говорящий имел виду. В этом случае оно по сути значит &quot;именно это&quot; или &quot;как раз это&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Вне связи с необходимостью напоминания, а просто как заполнитель паузы. В этом случае оно не несёт никакой смысловой нагрузки.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В обоих контекстах оно может применяться и без дополнения &quot;самое&quot;, т.е. просто как &quot;это&quot;, но в такой форме служит маркером менее развитого и грамотного человека.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Это самое&lt;/strong&gt; может также служить способом привлечения внимания собеседника после некоторой паузы в диалоге, и в этом случае оно синонимично &quot;слушай!&quot;, &quot;я говорю&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-12T09:22:17.637" LastActivityDate="2018-09-12T09:22:17.637" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17133" CreationDate="2018-09-11T19:44:35.300" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English you could say “Dzherzhinsky was a revolutionary”, while in Russian this would be «Дзержинский был революционер&lt;em&gt;ом&lt;/em&gt;» – in the Instrumental case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps it is a little easier to see in the following sentence: “Dzherzhinsky worked &lt;em&gt;as&lt;/em&gt; a politician” and «Дзержинский работал &lt;em&gt;политиком&lt;/em&gt;» – in English you use a preposition, while in Russian you use a specific case for the same purpose. Going back to your example, in English with “to be” you don’t need a preposition, while in Russian you still need Instrumental with «быть» the same as with «работать».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is hard to give an answer to “why”, that’s just how &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_government&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;governance&lt;/a&gt; works in languages: unfortunately you have to simply learn which verbs require which prepositions (in English) or prepositions/cases (in Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1717" LastEditorUserId="1717" LastEditDate="2018-09-12T10:45:17.563" LastActivityDate="2018-09-12T10:45:17.563" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17143" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-12T22:46:29.900" Score="2" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was watching a show called &lt;em&gt;In the Army now&lt;/em&gt;, and at 20:03, the journalist refers to himself as иван поддубный, which was translated as &lt;em&gt;superman&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=js955f5zdXU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=js955f5zdXU&lt;/a&gt;. So my question is, what are some other well-known (assuming that иван поддубный is well-known) references that alludes to one's super-normal strength. For example, in English, I could make a comparison to either &lt;em&gt;Schwarzeneggar&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Hercules&lt;/em&gt;, both of whom are very well known&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6722" LastActivityDate="2018-09-12T22:46:29.900" Title="What names of people (real or mythical) could a person compare oneself to in order to give the air of super-normal strength?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="8" ClosedDate="2018-09-13T08:01:03.707" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17144" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-13T16:07:02.310" Score="1" ViewCount="372" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В последнее время мы все &lt;strong&gt;много чего&lt;/strong&gt; услышали о фейк-новостях и о том, что ныне мы живем в эпоху &amp;quot;постправды&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs: В последнее время мы все &lt;strong&gt;многое&lt;/strong&gt; услышали о фейк-новостях и о том, что ныне мы живем в эпоху &amp;quot;постправды&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering how these two are nuanced in meaning -- when to use one or the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-11-20T15:01:50.320" Title="&quot;много чего&quot; vs &quot;многое&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17145" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-13T17:02:31.987" Score="4" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;В произведении &quot;Тарас Бульба&quot; Н.В.Гоголя присутствует следующая фраза: &quot;... снявши с него саблю с дорогою рукоятью и отвязавши от пояса целый &lt;strong&gt;черенок&lt;/strong&gt; с червонцами&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Очевидно (и подтверждается сносками в различных изданиях), что под словом черенок имеется ввиду кошелёк. Однако ни в каком из известных словарей, в т.ч. украинских данное значение не встречается. Откуда же происходит употребление слова в данном значении?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8178" LastActivityDate="2018-09-13T17:20:58.643" Title="Этимология слова &quot;черенок&quot; в значении кошелёк, использованное Гоголем?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17145" CreationDate="2018-09-13T17:13:12.157" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.infoliolib.info/sprav/dal/01/1889.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Согласно Далю&lt;/a&gt; &lt;code&gt;черес&lt;/code&gt; (он же чересел, чресленик, чресельник) это &quot;долгий кошель кишкой, в котором носят деньги, опоясываясь под одеждой&quot;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Слово&lt;/a&gt; это действительно имеет малороссийский колор и происходит от &quot;чересла&quot; (&quot;поясница&quot;) - те самые чересла, которые до сих иногда можно услышать в выражении &quot;чересла болят&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну а &lt;code&gt;черенок&lt;/code&gt; - это просто уменьшительное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну и ещё добавлю, что слово это никогда не было общепонятным, вот, читателям пушкинского &quot;Современника&quot; тоже &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.de/books?id=rCYYAAAAYAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA54&amp;amp;dq=%22%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8A%22&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwjZ_ounvrjdAhVR-aQKHWtTBoUQ6AEIMDAB#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%22%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8A%22&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;приходится&lt;/a&gt; разъяснять:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FG3QE.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FG3QE.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-09-13T17:20:58.643" LastActivityDate="2018-09-13T17:20:58.643" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17147" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17155" CreationDate="2018-09-15T12:36:00.270" Score="5" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that not all verbs have a perfective counterpart, while there are others which are perfective-only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, some verbs do have both aspects, but many times dictionaries don't indicate their counterpart directly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, the verb тянуть. This verb spawns many derived verbs, yes. Растянуть, вытянуть, натянуть. However, these prefixes add a new meaning, and thus they don't just form the perfective counterpart of тянуть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On gramota.ru, the definition of тянуть does not cite its perfective equivalent. Like other dictionaries. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then I found, on cooljugator.com, a link to the verb потянуть as the perfective equivalent of тянуть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After checking the definition of потянуть on a digital &lt;em&gt;Толковый словарь русского языка&lt;/em&gt;, that verb is described as &lt;code&gt;&quot;начать тянуть&quot;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: when a dictionary does not link to the perfective counterpart of a given imperfective verb, what does that really mean? That the perfective counterpart is not important? Or that the imperfective verb has no true perfective counterpart without changing slightly its meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-09-20T13:45:22.087" Title="When the perfective counterpart doesn't show up on a dictionary" Tags="&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17148" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17149" CreationDate="2018-09-15T16:39:34.950" Score="6" ViewCount="308" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both mean &lt;em&gt;good&lt;/em&gt; but Хорошо is defined as the &lt;em&gt;short neuter singular of хоро́ший&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;AFAIK it is possible to use any of them when for example answering &quot;Good!&quot; or is there any practical difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9558" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-09-15T16:45:41.163" LastActivityDate="2021-03-24T12:36:03.337" Title="Difference between &quot;хороший&quot; and &quot;xорошо&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17148" CreationDate="2018-09-15T17:27:18.363" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;When expressing general sense of goodness, satisfaction, delight, approval only &lt;strong&gt;хорошо&lt;/strong&gt; is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an adverb and not adjective, therefore short form doesn't apply to it as it's an attribute of adjectives. &lt;strong&gt;Хорошо&lt;/strong&gt; in this case is the only form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adverbs denote in particular a state: &lt;strong&gt;темно, светло, холодно, тепло, жарко, ладно, жалко, страшно, видно, слышно, больно&lt;/strong&gt; likewise &lt;strong&gt;хорошо&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;плохо&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Short form of the adjective &lt;strong&gt;хороший&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;masc&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; is not &lt;strong&gt;хорошо&lt;/strong&gt; but &lt;strong&gt;хорош&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Хорошо&lt;/strong&gt; is a short form of the adjective &lt;strong&gt;хорошее&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;neut&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, but it's not the same as the adverb &lt;strong&gt;хорошо&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-15T18:05:42.103" LastActivityDate="2018-09-15T18:05:42.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17151" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17153" CreationDate="2018-09-16T14:08:17.467" Score="2" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Р. S. Если Вы &lt;strong&gt;видаетесь и увидитесь&lt;/strong&gt; съ Бернгардомъ Васильевичемъ, то потрудитесь передать ему и семейству его мой сердечный поклонъ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, their meanings seem quite similar, if not the same. Why use two consecutive synonyms like this -- and a juxtaposition of an imperfective verb and a perfective verb, at that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-09-20T14:23:17.193" Title="What are the effects of using two synonyms &quot;видаться&quot; and &quot;увидеться&quot; in a row?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17152" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-16T14:24:48.360" Score="4" ViewCount="249" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Р. S. Если Вы видаетесь и увидитесь съ Бернгардомъ Васильевичемъ, то потрудитесь передать &lt;strong&gt;ему и семейству его&lt;/strong&gt; мой сердечный поклонъ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{instead of}: Р. S. Если Вы видаетесь и увидитесь съ Бернгардомъ Васильевичемъ, то потрудитесь передать &lt;strong&gt;ему и семье его&lt;/strong&gt; мой сердечный поклонъ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder how these two are nuanced in meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-10-21T11:34:12.940" Title="Why is &quot;семейство&quot; used here rather than &quot;семья&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17151" CreationDate="2018-09-16T15:31:18.933" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Видаетесь&lt;/strong&gt; means see one another habitually, on a regular basis, which is suggested by its imperfective aspect. BTW this form is obsolete. Today we'd say &lt;strong&gt;видитесь&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Увидитесь&lt;/strong&gt; in this context means will see one another soon, in a short while, next time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can think of 2 justifications for their combined use:&#xA;1) they denote different types of action&#xA;2) purely literary aesthetic considerations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason for use of &lt;strong&gt;видаетесь&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;видитесь&lt;/strong&gt; (provided the latter form was current at the time of the text composition) could be that since the latter is consonant with &lt;strong&gt;увидитесь&lt;/strong&gt; thereby creating a semblance of tautology, which is frowned upon in the ethos of Russian composition, it was discarded in favor of an alternative form for the sake of euphony.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-16T17:48:17.637" LastActivityDate="2018-09-16T17:48:17.637" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17147" CreationDate="2018-09-17T10:45:50.067" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure about all cases when perfective counterpart is not shown in a dictionary, but in case of &quot;тянуть&quot; it might be that none of its perfective forms mean the same as тянуть itself. Затянуть is to fasten (a belt, a knot, etc), растянуть is to stretch (fabric), etc., while тянуть itself can mean any of those. So, there is no definite perfective counterpart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2018-09-17T10:45:50.067" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17147" CreationDate="2018-09-17T10:56:38.630" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;My question is: when a dictionary does not link to the perfective counterpart of a given imperfective verb, what does that really mean? That the perfective counterpart is not important? Or that the imperfective verb has no true perfective counterpart without changing slightly its meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тянуть has several meanings, according to that it has got different perfective counterparts, or remains imperfective. Just some examples. And you will see the reason. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ТЯНУТЬ&#xA;ТЯНУ́ТЬ, несовер.&#xA;1. кого (что). Натягивать, тащить или расправлять; напрягаясь, тащить к себе. (Pull,  spread)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тянуть невод – &lt;strong&gt;вытянуть&lt;/strong&gt;, тянуть холст – &lt;strong&gt;натянуть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;что. То же, что вести (build)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тянуть  телефонную линию – &lt;strong&gt;протянуть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.Натягивая, волочить что-н. для того, чтобы укрепить вдоль, поперек чего-н. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тянуть веревку через двор. &lt;strong&gt;Протянуть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;кого (что). Тащить, направляя куда-н. (Pull somewhere )&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;тянуть баржу. Тянуть кого-н. за рукав – &lt;strong&gt;потянуть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;что. Протягивать, вытягивать (give, hold,  stretch)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тянуть руку. Тянуть  шею– &lt;strong&gt;вытянуть&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;перен., кого (что). Усиленно содействовать(help, promote)  вытягивать. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тянуть приятеля по службе. Тянуть  неуспевающего ученика – &lt;strong&gt;вытянуть&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;7&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;перен., кого (что). Настойчиво просить, убеждать(persuade ) пойти или поехать куда-н. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тянуть в кино. Тянуть в гости. – &lt;strong&gt;потянуть&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Влечь, привлекать. (Attract )&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Его тянет (безл.) к родным местам (тянут родные места). – &lt;strong&gt;потянуть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9 безл., чем. О струе воздуха, запахе: распространяться.(spread)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тянет холодом из окна. Тянет дымом.– &lt;strong&gt;потянуть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10 что. Всасывать, вбирать, поглощать. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тянуть пиво (медленно пить)– &lt;strong&gt;втянуть&lt;/strong&gt;,&#xA;   Тянуть все силы из кого-н. – &lt;strong&gt;вытянуть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;12&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Медленно делать что-н.(not to hurry)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тянуть дело. Тянуть с ответом. Тянуть время.   – &lt;strong&gt;потянуть&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;13 весить (weigh)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;. Свёрток тянет пять килограмм.– &lt;strong&gt;потянуть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;14&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;обычно безл., что. Вызывать ощущение тяжести, давления или боли. (hurt)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Подтяжки тянут. Тянет (безл.) в плечах.  (no)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;17&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Красть, тащить.(steal )&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тянуть, что плохо лежит  – &lt;strong&gt;стянуть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-09-20T13:45:22.087" LastActivityDate="2018-09-20T13:45:22.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17157" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-18T00:15:47.023" Score="4" ViewCount="764" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to understand part of &lt;em&gt;Путешествие шлюпа «Диана» из Кронштадта в Камчатку, совершенное в 1807, 1808 и 1809 годах&lt;/em&gt;. The author Golovnin names a Kamchadal song «Ай, вот тебе хрену, ай вот тебе хрену». I have had limited success understanding its name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The song is mentioned at least in part because its title is salacious. Do the two &lt;em&gt;Ай&lt;/em&gt; have different roles here? What has horseradish to do with sex? My dictionary and Google Translate have been of limited help. The question title includes one crude translation I received from the software.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HtIxu.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HtIxu.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Text of Golovnin&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="8359" LastEditDate="2018-09-19T21:31:41.783" LastActivityDate="2018-10-12T21:57:27.390" Title="&quot;Horseradish, why are you fucking?&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17157" CreationDate="2018-09-18T01:56:40.120" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ай&quot; is a meaningless filler word. The word &quot;хрен&quot; literally means &quot;horseradish&quot;, a bitter, pungent root vegetable that is not particularly tasty or valuable. In the language it is often euphemistically used as &quot;something cheap, unpleasant or useless&quot; (for example, proverbs like &quot;хрен редьки не слаще&quot;). When you say &quot;а вот хрен тебе&quot;, literally it means &quot;here's some horseradish for you&quot;, but the intended meaning is more like &quot;no you don't&quot; or &quot;you get nothing&quot;. Can't be 100% sure without the context (e. g. the rest of the song), but it seems that &quot;ай вот тебе хрену&quot; is a bit more archaic version of that same phrase. You can read more about хрен &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2018-09-18T01:56:40.120" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17157" CreationDate="2018-09-18T05:32:16.987" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Хрен' is just one of the euphemisms for penis. So &quot;хрен тебе&quot; is essentially the same as &quot;хуй тебе&quot;. It doesn't have anything to do with horseradish or its taste or its value. Just like 'freak' has nothing to do with 'fuck' or 'shoot' with 'shit'. Merely same first letter and a one-syllable word. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very roughly translated it will be something like 'Get the funk out' - like that song by Extreme. So naturally, everyone gets what is really meant here, but no actual 'curse' words are used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Ай' is comparable to 'oi' or 'hey', it means nothing, just an interjection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastActivityDate="2018-09-18T05:32:16.987" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17161" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-18T09:38:05.610" Score="3" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt; увлёкся уборкой, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; потерял счет времени. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The structure &quot;так X, что Y&quot; means &quot;so (much) X that Y&quot;, with Action X leading to &lt;strong&gt;End Result&lt;/strong&gt; Y. I'm wondering if &quot;столько X, что Y&quot; works the same way: Action X vs End Result Y?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;столько&lt;/strong&gt; раз пытался связаться с ней, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; потерял счет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or is it more like &quot;so (many times) X &lt;strong&gt;to the extent of&lt;/strong&gt; Y&quot;, with Y not being so much about the end result as about the &lt;strong&gt;surprising degree&lt;/strong&gt; to which X?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-09-19T13:00:12.263" Title="How does &quot;столько X, что Y&quot; compare with &quot;так X, что Y&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17162" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17163" CreationDate="2018-09-18T16:17:13.313" Score="2" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering when to use one or the other, as at least based on their English translations, they are hardly distinguishable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-09-18T16:22:13.453" LastActivityDate="2018-09-19T20:17:09.927" Title="Difference between &quot;одежда&quot; and &quot;платье&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17163" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17162" CreationDate="2018-09-18T16:39:49.507" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Одежда&lt;/code&gt; is any clothing in general (usually except &quot;underwear&quot; which is &quot;(нижнее) бельё&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Платье&lt;/code&gt; solely means a female dress (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.ru/search?q=%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;) in modern Russian. And only occasionally, in some archaic and/or poetic contexts, you'll find it used for whatever wear/dress (e.g. &quot;новое платье короля&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10327" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2018-09-19T20:17:09.927" LastActivityDate="2018-09-19T20:17:09.927" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17161" CreationDate="2018-09-18T19:28:09.270" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Так ... что ...&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is a composite sentence where the action in the first clause leads to the result in the second clause. It is different from the second structure in that the action in the first clause occurs once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так наелся, что пришлось некоторое время посидеть молча. &lt;em&gt;// He ate so much that he had to sit quietly for a while.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Столько ... что ...&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; the action in the first clause was repeated multiple times, which leads to the result in the second clause. The result is not a surprise, but a conclusion based on logic, or experience.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я столько слышал, что в метро много потрясающе красивых станций, а сам вот посмотришь ― все они почти одинаковые. &lt;em&gt;// I heard so much about extremely beautiful subway stations, but they look almost the same to me.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastActivityDate="2018-09-18T19:28:09.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17165" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-19T06:16:52.510" Score="2" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Мальчик идёт под мостом» - «он проходит под лестницей». Why instrumental is used since movement is implied? I thought that instumental is used when the subject of the sentence does not change its position (like the prepositional case with «в» or «на»). Does «он проходит под лестницу» have different meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question arose when I watched a video about prepositions of direction. In the video there where the above examples which were translated as &quot;the boy is walking under the bridge&quot; and &quot;he walks under the ladder&quot;. In my two grammar books it is written that when &quot;под&quot; denotes movement to a position underneath something, accusative is used &quot;он сели под дерево - they sat down under the tree&quot;. On the contrary, instrumental is used when location is implied &quot;стоять под мостом - to stand under the bridge&quot;. Furthermore in the same article of this book,in another example with &quot;под+instrumental&quot; movement is denoted &quot;плавать под водой - to swim under water&quot;. Is there a difference of meaning between &quot;под+instrumental&quot; and &quot;под+accusative&quot; when movent is implied in the phrase? Is there a possibility that accusative denotes movement until the place and staying there and instumental passing through under the place and walking away afterwards?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8195" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-19T12:22:41.923" LastActivityDate="2018-09-19T12:22:41.923" Title="Preposition &quot;под&quot; (under, implying movement). Why instrumental and not accusative?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;&lt;творительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17165" CreationDate="2018-09-19T06:28:46.733" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Is there a possibility that accusative denotes movement until the place and staying there and instumental passing through under the&#xA;  place and walking away afterwards?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instrumental is used not specifically because of movement, but because Instrumental case is one of cases to govern preposition &lt;strong&gt;под&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When &lt;strong&gt;под&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;current location&lt;/strong&gt;, then it's Instrumental (he's already under the bridge or a staircase).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;When it means &lt;strong&gt;direction&lt;/strong&gt;, then it's Accusative. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Does «он проходит под лестницу» have different meaning?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering the above said «он проходит под лестницу» means he moves towards under the staircase, in order to find himself thereunder. Likewise&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мальчик идёт под мост &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Acc&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another illustration of the difference&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Плавать/плыть под вод&lt;strong&gt;ой&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Inst&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  BUT&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Нырять/спускаться под вод&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Acc&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such duality also applies to preposition &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sadly you &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;can't&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; say &lt;strong&gt;идти&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;над / перед / рядом с&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;мост&lt;/strong&gt;, these only govern Instrumental and so denote an established location and not a movement thereto.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Leaving from under something is signified with the preposition &lt;strong&gt;из-под&lt;/strong&gt; but it governs Genitive case. Likewise the prepositions &lt;strong&gt;от&lt;/strong&gt; (from) and &lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt; (from inside/from within/out of).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-19T11:56:20.313" LastActivityDate="2018-09-19T11:56:20.313" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17161" CreationDate="2018-09-19T13:00:12.263" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are very similar constructs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you reformulate these sentences into questions in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How carried away did he get with the cleaning? So that he lost track of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How many times did I try to reach out to her? So many times that I lost count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, you can notice that these questions allow an answer with a quantifier: &amp;quot;much&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;little&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;more than you&amp;quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English has one generic interrogative for questions like these, namely &amp;quot;how&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;how much&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;how long&amp;quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian, however, has at least one more: &lt;em&gt;сколько&lt;/em&gt;, and the corresponding determiner &lt;em&gt;столько&lt;/em&gt;. In English, it's just a variety of &amp;quot;how&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;how much&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;how many&amp;quot;), with corresponding &amp;quot;so&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;so much&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;so many&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This way you can probably see that both these constructs are in fact varieties of the generic &amp;quot;so ... that&amp;quot;, except in Russian &amp;quot;so much&amp;quot; has its own word (&lt;em&gt;столько&lt;/em&gt;) while others are just the generic &amp;quot;so&amp;quot; (&lt;em&gt;так&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;em&gt;столько раз, что&lt;/em&gt; just means &amp;quot;so many times that&amp;quot;, and is not at all different from other &amp;quot;so ... that&amp;quot; constructs which are conveyed by &lt;em&gt;так ... что&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact you can even rephrase the original Russian sentence this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я так много раз пытался связаться с ней, что потерял счет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which makes it parallel the other one even better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-09-19T13:00:12.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17168" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-20T01:02:54.013" Score="1" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В таком случае помни, что есть масса &lt;strong&gt;опций&lt;/strong&gt;: ты всегда можешь воспользоваться доставкой цветов — пусть даже ты вообще в другом городе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, &quot;масса опций&quot; is used with the meaning of &quot;tons of options&quot;, and I'm wondering if the word &quot;опция&quot; is sufficiently widely adopted to be considered a common Russian word rather than a fad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm used to hearing my girlfriend say &quot;вариант&quot; instead, as in &quot;масса вариантов&quot;, and as far as I remember, I've never heard her use &quot;опция&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T04:46:32.627" Title="How commonly is the neologistic word “опция” used as a variant of &quot;вариант&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17169" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-20T01:22:27.047" Score="4" ViewCount="175" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Девочки, &lt;strong&gt;по чем&lt;/strong&gt; у вас на рынке свинина сейчас? Интересует цена в обычный непраздничный день. Пишите плиз свой населенный пункт. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my experience, the preposition &quot;по&quot; is most frequently followed by dative case, and sometimes by accusative. I've never seen it coupled with prepositional case, so the meaning of &quot;по чём&quot; eludes me here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does &quot;по чём&quot; mean, and in what instances is &quot;по&quot; coupled with prepositional case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-08T06:41:22.440" LastActivityDate="2018-11-28T11:51:30.810" Title="In what instances is the preposition &quot;по&quot; coupled with prepositional case, as in &quot;по чём&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17168" CreationDate="2018-09-20T04:52:52.007" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think it's widely used. When we say &quot;widely &quot;, we mean &quot;everywhere &quot;, universally.  Perhaps in science, in specific fields, but not in everyday speech.  We use &lt;strong&gt;варианты, большой выбор, масса возможностей&lt;/strong&gt; instead. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-09-21T04:46:32.627" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T04:46:32.627" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17169" CreationDate="2018-09-20T06:42:22.227" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The correct spelling is &quot;почём&quot;. &quot;Почём&quot; is a phraseology (an exception). Means &quot;how much?&quot;, &quot;по какой цене?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7833" LastActivityDate="2018-09-20T06:42:22.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17169" CreationDate="2018-09-20T07:14:45.443" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I have already mentioned in my comment there's a mistake in your sentence. Почем should be written in one word, meaning (colloquial) how much does it cost.&#xA;But we do use the preposition по with предложный /prepositional case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При глаголах чувства (тужить, плакать, горевать, тосковать, скучать, соскучиться и т. п.) предлог по употребляется с &lt;strong&gt;дательным&lt;/strong&gt; падежом, например: тужить по сыну, плакать по отцу, горевать по мужу, тосковать по родному селу, скучать по Михайловскому. Но личные местоимения 1-го и 2-го лица при указанных глаголах чаще ставятся в &lt;strong&gt;предложном&lt;/strong&gt; падеже, например: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;плачет по вас, горюет по нас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Предлог по с предложным падежом употребляется со значением «после чего-нибудь»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;по истечении срока, по прибытии на место, по окончании школы, по приезде в город.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-09-20T07:14:45.443" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17169" CreationDate="2018-09-20T07:25:46.657" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Preposition &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; in the context of &lt;strong&gt;price&lt;/strong&gt; implies that it's the price for each and every item individually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But although the question &lt;strong&gt;почём?&lt;/strong&gt; uses Prep. case, in the answer numeral is inflected in Nominal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a remnant of an old paradigm. In the past, inflection of some numerals (or even all except those ending with 1-4, not sure about that) in the actual Prepositional case was common, eg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;Монеты&gt; приносить на Монетной Двор, которым за тѣ монеты наддавано&#xA;  будет, сверх настоящаго, &lt;strong&gt;по пяти&lt;/strong&gt; копѣек на рубль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/sl18/slov-abc/14/sld16716.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Словарь русского языка XVIII в.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;даютъ двѣ кади меду &lt;strong&gt;по шести&lt;/strong&gt; пудовъ, а хмелю двѣ бочки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=bJ4ZAAAAYAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA103&amp;amp;lpg=PA103#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Акты, относящіеся к исторіи западной Россіи (1846) vol.1, p. 103, line 18 from the top&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact even today Prepositional case is still occasionally applied to the numeral &lt;strong&gt;тысяча&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;по тысячи&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Участники Великой Отечественной войны получат по 5 тыс. рублей,&#xA;  труженики тыла &lt;strong&gt;по тысячи&lt;/strong&gt; рублей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://newslab.ru/news/307973&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;newslab.ru March 16, 2010&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В Забайкальском крае более 1 тысячи семей с детьми, находящимися в&#xA;  трудной жизненной ситуации, получат &lt;strong&gt;по тысячи&lt;/strong&gt; рублей из бюджета&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zabinfo.ru/110970&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;zabinfo.ru Feb 11, 2014&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;оба угнали из СССР &lt;strong&gt;по тысячи&lt;/strong&gt; лошадей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://militera.lib.ru/memo/russian/bykov_na/19.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Быков Н. А., Казачья трагедия (1940-1945-й г.г.). — Нью-Йорк: изд. автора, 1959.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think it's just a mistake because there're far too many examples, although in Google results its occurrence is still significantly outnumbered by instances of the Dative case &lt;strong&gt;по тысяче&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; governs bona-fide Prepositional in the meaning &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;after, upon&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;по прибыти&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;/приезд&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;/прилёт&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; - upon arrival&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  по окончани&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; - upon completion&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However i subjectively feel the urge to use Dative (по прибыти&lt;strong&gt;Ю&lt;/strong&gt; etc.), it feels more convenient, so it could indicate that in this use Prepositional is a paradigm which is gradually obsolesces.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover i think that conceptually &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; governs Prepositional in most cases, despite the fact of inflexion assuming the form of Dative (maybe it's a heterodox point of view).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance it does so when it acts as Locative in which action is applied to or takes place on the surface of an object:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;идти по мосту&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ходить по двору&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  стучать по столу&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  гладить по голове&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  плыть по воде&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ехать по суше/земле&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  бить по зубам &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ending of feminine nouns is identical with the standard ending of Prepositional, eg &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;о чём? - o голове/о воде/о суше/о земле&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  по чём? - по голове/по воде/по суше/по земле&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To these phrases both questions &lt;strong&gt;по чём?&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;по чему?&lt;/strong&gt; apply, however the former already sounds dated or vernacular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also in the sense of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;by means of&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;связываться по сети&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  говорить по телефону&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  показывать по телевизору&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian the difference between these special instances (in my opinion) of Prepositional on the one hand and Dative on the other has blurred, but in Ukrainian, in particular, in locative function, governance of Prepositional with &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; is maintained for plural forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-11-28T11:51:30.810" LastActivityDate="2018-11-28T11:51:30.810" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17168" CreationDate="2018-09-20T11:44:10.657" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Опция&lt;/em&gt; is quite common in the areas heavily influenced by English, such as IT industry, car sales, mobile networking and telecom. It is a calque from English &amp;quot;option&amp;quot; as in &amp;quot;car option&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;mobile plan option&amp;quot;. Before its advent, &lt;em&gt;дополнительная услуга, дополнительное оборудование, параметр&lt;/em&gt; etc. were used in the same sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first usage recorded in the corpus is from 2002, in Google Books from 1986. All usages prior to 2005 I could find are exclusive to the areas listed above. After 2005, the word seems to gain enough traction to be used as a metonymy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;3 января 2015 года истекает максимальный срок содержания Урлашова под стражей во время следствия, стало быть, надо либо судить, либо выпускать. Вторая опция всерьез никем не рассматривается, в городе ждут ясности по первой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ноги – главная опция для секса, а не для семьи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ещё одна новинка музея ― работу по подготовке экспозиции второго зала посетители могут наблюдать «за стеклом». Эта «опция» пользуется огромной популярностью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All those are deliberate metonymies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-09-20T16:24:53.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17175" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-20T12:35:33.887" Score="2" ViewCount="559" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Через&lt;/strong&gt; неделю-другую &lt;strong&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;после&lt;/strong&gt; обсчёта результатов оказалось, что человек не рыбка. [&lt;em&gt;no dash before negation&lt;/em&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Спустя&lt;/strong&gt; неделю-другую &lt;strong&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;после&lt;/strong&gt; обсчёта результатов оказалось, что человек не рыбка. [&lt;em&gt;no dash before negation&lt;/em&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я понимаю, что за предлогом «после» следуют какое-то происходящее действие или событие, например, «обсчёта результатов», тогда как фразе, обозначающей какой-то срок, например, «неделю-другую» требуется предлог «через» или «спустя».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Интересно же, чем по смыслу и употреблению «через X после Y» отличается от «спустя X после Y»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-10-03T06:57:42.757" Title="В чем разница между «через X после Y» и «спустя X после Y»?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17175" CreationDate="2018-09-20T13:20:19.117" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;После обсчёта результатов оказалось, что человек не рыбка. (БЕЗ ТИРЕ!!!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(когда именно оказалось?) &gt; производится уточнение времени&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Через неделю-другую&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Спустя неделю-другую&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я считаю, что именно в данных двух случаях обе конструкции эквивалентны друг другу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10986" LastEditorUserId="10986" LastEditDate="2018-09-20T13:28:41.653" LastActivityDate="2018-09-20T13:28:41.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17138" CreationDate="2018-09-20T13:58:53.000" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Выше уже достаточно написали про значение фразы.&#xA;От себя могу добавить, что она (эта фраза) может быть употреблена с целью сокрытия предмета разговора, например, в общественном месте по телефону:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подари ей(подруге) диск с этим самым. - подразумевается, что с эротикой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10986" LastActivityDate="2018-09-20T13:58:53.000" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17151" CreationDate="2018-09-20T14:23:17.193" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;если Вы видаетесь = если Вы достаточно регулярно (встречаетесь, видите друг друга)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;если Вы увидитесь = если Вы в будущем еще раз его встретите&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10986" LastActivityDate="2018-09-20T14:23:17.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17181" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17182" CreationDate="2018-09-21T16:05:46.360" Score="2" ViewCount="85" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Nicholas J Brown's book, The New Penguin Russian Course, in chapter 27, I see the sentence,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In all the books written by this author before 1939 there are&#xA;  interesting women.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Во всех книгах, написанных (prep. pl.) этим (instr. sing. m.) автором&#xA;  (instr. sing. m.) до 39-го года, есть интересные женщины.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only the &quot;(prep. pl.)&quot; was provided by the book, but this is the case I don't understand. Plural because what was written were book&lt;strong&gt;s&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But why prepositional?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instrumental would denote who wrote them, i.e. 'with' or 'by' so the last part of the sentence makes sense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Contrast this with the sentence,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In our shops it is difficult to find books written by modern Russian&#xA;  writers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В наших магазинах трудно найти книги, написанные современными&#xA;  российскими писателями.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that both participles share the same role, yet this one is also not instrumental....?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-21T17:24:20.330" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T17:24:20.330" Title="Why the case of this participle - написанн__?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17181" CreationDate="2018-09-21T17:02:54.483" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let’s remove non-essential words so you can clearly see that in both cases the declension of the word “написанные” matches the grammatical role of the word “книги”:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В (каких?) написанных&lt;sup&gt;PREP&lt;/sup&gt; (чём?) книгах&lt;sup&gt;PREP&lt;/sup&gt; есть женщины.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Трудно найти (какие?) написанные&lt;sup&gt;ACC&lt;/sup&gt; (что?) книги&lt;sup&gt;ACC&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The actual meaning of the word “написанный” and its correspondence with English “by someone” is irrelevant. An adjective like “интересный” would behave exactly the same. What matters is the role of the word “книги”, and that’s what differs between those sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-09-21T17:02:54.483" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17183" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17184" CreationDate="2018-09-21T23:31:27.217" Score="3" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Здесь была металлическая пирамидка, размером с ладонь, &lt;strong&gt;некое&lt;/strong&gt; устройство, состоящее из двух пересеченных колец, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering how those four synonyms are nuanced and if in this context it is possible to replace &quot;некое устройство&quot; with &quot;какое-то устройство&quot; or &quot;кое-какое устройство&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm assuming the first three &quot;некий&quot;, &quot;какой-то&quot; and &quot;кое-какой&quot; are used to describe a certain (&lt;strong&gt;kind&lt;/strong&gt; of) something of an unspecified, unknown nature, whereas &quot;некоторый&quot; is somewhat different and refers more to a certain, unspecified &lt;strong&gt;degree&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;amount&lt;/strong&gt; of something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-09-22T01:34:53.690" Title="Difference between &quot;некий&quot;, &quot;какой-то&quot;, &quot;кое-какой&quot;, and &quot;некоторый&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17184" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17183" CreationDate="2018-09-22T01:34:53.690" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Некий&lt;/em&gt; is indeed much like the English &lt;em&gt;certain&lt;/em&gt; (when used figuratively to mean &lt;em&gt;un&lt;/em&gt;certain). Like the English word, it’s somewhat bookish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Какой-то&lt;/em&gt; means you don’t know and emphasize that it’s unimportant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кое-какой&lt;/em&gt; means you know but are choosing not to elaborate, different reasons for that lead to different connotations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Некоторый&lt;/em&gt; is more like one unspecified member of a discrete set.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2018-09-22T01:34:53.690" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17186" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17187" CreationDate="2018-09-23T07:02:10.403" Score="6" ViewCount="131" Body="&lt;p&gt;I it my understanding that all of these mean a &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;building&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, as in “man-made structure.” However, I have been told that &lt;strong&gt;сооружение&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;постройка&lt;/strong&gt; are rather technical. What do they really mean? How are they used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8679" LastActivityDate="2018-09-23T15:19:28.520" Title="Difference in usage between “здание,” “сооружение” &amp; “постройка”" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17187" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17186" CreationDate="2018-09-23T09:57:56.320" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm afraid explaining difference between them is almost a lost cause because their usage is dictated by context. So it would be more fruitful to study instances of their use within context with the help of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ruscorpora.ru/en/search-main.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian national corpus&lt;/a&gt; for example or just with Google.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since their translation into English will also be heavily influenced by context, listing their English equivalents has only so much use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in order for my reply to not sound completely negative, here're their rough English parallels and explanations&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;здание&lt;/strong&gt; - building&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;постройка&lt;/strong&gt; - structure&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;сооружение&lt;/strong&gt; - construction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;здание&lt;/strong&gt; - normally a solid building in which architectural style can be discerned with amenities for stay of humans; &lt;strong&gt;постройка&lt;/strong&gt; - a light and/or temporary building or structure, often without amenities; &lt;strong&gt;сооружение&lt;/strong&gt; - complex and bulky building or construction for special purposes, often industrial. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's yet 4th word in this set which is &lt;strong&gt;строение&lt;/strong&gt;. It for all intents and purposes is synonymous to &lt;strong&gt;постройка&lt;/strong&gt; but may also denote a more substantial structure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But again, their meanings may overlap due to contextual exigencies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could list their Ukrainian versions, which may or may not have any correspondence to similar Polish nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-23T15:19:28.520" LastActivityDate="2018-09-23T15:19:28.520" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17188" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-23T17:43:37.707" Score="1" ViewCount="65" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не огорчайтесь, не все так плохо, как кажется поначалу или &lt;strong&gt;исходя из названия&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[or]: Не огорчайтесь, не все так плохо, как кажется поначалу или, &lt;strong&gt;исходя из названия&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally, an adverbial participle is preceded by a comma: &amp;quot;как кажется, исходя из названия&amp;quot;. But what about when you have a &lt;em&gt;parallel&lt;/em&gt; structure like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;как кажется поначалу [или] как кажется, исходя из названия&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you keep a comma or drop it in a &lt;em&gt;combined&lt;/em&gt; phrasing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-09-23T21:04:05.300" Title="Whether to to keep or remove a comma before an adverbial participle: &quot;, исходя из названия&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17189" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17190" CreationDate="2018-09-23T18:04:01.437" Score="3" ViewCount="511" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Nicholas J. Brown's book, exercise 27/4 has a sentence, roughly expressing the same idea (with and without Past Passive Participles [short,perfective,transitive]) and the question and answer are in the pictures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My primary question was about the last pair of PPP and past perfective verb, &lt;strong&gt;but&lt;/strong&gt; an additional very related part may ask about &lt;em&gt;mood&lt;/em&gt; - I'm not sure it is a good idea to split into two questions...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fS9be.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/fS9be.png&quot; alt=&quot;to translate to English w/ and w/o PPPs&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and translations;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8xudD.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8xudD.png&quot; alt=&quot;answers for w/ and w/o&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Clearly, PPPs are passive, and I would say that past tense verbs are active. Here are some from the two situations;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;уже проданы / уже продали : 'had already been sold' / 'had already sold' - Is this a passive construction versus an active construction?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В среду было объявлено / В среду объявили : 'On Wednesday it was announced' / 'On Wednesday they announced' - Also seems passive vs active&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;было написано / написал : '(it) was written' / '(the letter) wrote' - Again, passive vs active voice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;будут куплены / купят : 'would be bought' / '(they) would buy' - Again, passive and then active.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4b. An aside, is this true (maybe this is starting to mix tense and mood...) 'would be bought' = 'will be bought'&lt;/strong&gt; Actually I would have assumed this conditional English translation come from a Russian sentence with 'бы' in it?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what happened here? Why the same?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мы были очень удивлены / Мы очень удивились : 'We were very surprised' -- in both cases&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Should the first situation be translated as: 'It was surprising to us...' - too much like impersonal dative case construction?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maybe 'It very much surprised us'?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS If necessary I will reword my sentence upon receiving suggestions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-23T19:20:43.960" LastActivityDate="2018-09-24T20:39:59.307" Title="Sentence written w/ and w/o participles - passive vs active voice" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;participle&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17189" CreationDate="2018-09-23T19:01:26.347" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;уже проданы / уже продали : 'had already been sold' / 'had already sold' - Is this a passive construction versus an active construction?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, but more accurately &lt;strong&gt;THEY had already sold&lt;/strong&gt;, in Russian it's an impersonal construction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;В среду было объявлено / В среду объявили : 'On Wednesday it was announced' / 'On Wednesday they announced' - Also seems passive vs active&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;было написано / написал : '(it) was written' / '(the letter) wrote' - Again, passive vs active voice.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, but &lt;strong&gt;in his letter the&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;director&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;strong&gt;wrote&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;director&lt;/em&gt; is the subject here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;будут куплены / купят : 'would be bought' / '(they) would buy' - Again, passive and then active.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4b. An aside, is this true (maybe this is starting to mix tense and mood...) 'would be bought' = 'will be bought'&lt;/strong&gt; Actually I would have&#xA;  assumed this conditional English translation come from a Russian&#xA;  sentence with 'бы' in it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, the English &lt;strong&gt;would&lt;/strong&gt; comes from the future within the past tense according to the English grammar, but in Russian it's simple future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But what happened here? Why the same?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Мы были очень удивлены / Мы очень удивились : 'We were very surprised' -- in both cases&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's because English doesn't really have (at least to my limited knowledge) an equivalent of the Russian reflexive verb &lt;strong&gt;удивляться&lt;/strong&gt;, that's why it's translated with past participle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Should the first situation be translated as: 'It was surprising to us...' - too much like impersonal dative case construction?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Maybe 'It very much surprised us'?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, because it doesn't convey the passive voice used in Russian example.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Your suggestion in Russian would look like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это нас (очень) удивило&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is a legit construction only divergent from the wording of the original Russian sentence. Note that this is NOT an impersonal clause, because of the demonstrative pronoun &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; which is its subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's the rendering of this clause in the 2nd sentence which could be considered problematic due to the absence of a proper equivalent in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one gets creative this dichotomy can be rendered as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;It made us wonder&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;We were wondering&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. But as result we lose the accuracy of  the passive voice translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-24T20:39:59.307" LastActivityDate="2018-09-24T20:39:59.307" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17188" CreationDate="2018-09-23T21:04:05.300" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd remove a comma here. &lt;code&gt;Исходя из&lt;/code&gt; is not an adverbial participle but it is a preposition. And it isn't separated by commas if it is a part of a complex predicate and/or is closely related to it by the sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/punctum?layout=item&amp;amp;id=58_248&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Details (in Russian)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In contrast, here is a comma:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне показалось, исходя из названия, что ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2018-09-23T21:04:05.300" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17192" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17193" CreationDate="2018-09-25T01:12:22.147" Score="2" ViewCount="307" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lets look at these 2 sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;у нас &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt; / We have.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;что вы хотите &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt;? / What would you like to eat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(In both of them the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is used differently).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm confused as for the use of  &quot;&lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in both &quot;ordering scenarios&quot; where on one hand it refers to &quot;having&quot; (which I don't get since &quot;у нас&quot; should include having on its own same way that &quot;у меня&quot; on its own does without having to include this &quot;есть&quot; addition) and on the other hand it means to eat. Also Also how would the phrase in Russian &quot;what do you HAVE to EAT&quot; be written and if it includes &quot;есть&quot; 2 times? I am guessing it would be something like: &quot;что есть у вас есть&quot;? or &quot;что у вас есть по есть&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe these last 2 sound grammatically horrific but I'm a newbie here, thanks a lot !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10878" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2018-09-28T12:19:55.170" LastActivityDate="2018-09-28T12:19:55.170" Title="When to use which with &quot;есть&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;&lt;difference&gt;&lt;wording&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="13" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17192" CreationDate="2018-09-25T04:43:50.980" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;These two &quot;есть&quot; are homonyms. Есть like &quot;to eat &quot; and есть like &quot;to own, possess,have&quot;. For choosing just consider the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of possession we can use the verb or leave it out. And in most cases we don't use the verb. But sometimes we use it for emphasis or you can't do without it (in questions mostly).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У нас (есть) большие возможности.У него много друзей. У вас есть конверты?– Да, есть. Есть ли какие‐нибудь новости о нем? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for есть --to eat, we often say that sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У нас есть что‐нибудь поесть?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides there's есть meaning &quot;exists&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Есть многое на свете,  друг Горацио,что и не снилось нашим мудрецам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-09-25T05:46:39.710" LastActivityDate="2018-09-25T05:46:39.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17194" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-25T05:27:38.260" Score="3" ViewCount="227" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Oчевидно, что знаний им не хватает, зато готовности рассуждать обо всем на свете &lt;strong&gt;хоть отбавляй&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume this is a figurative expression/predicate with the meaning of &quot;(there's) &lt;strong&gt;plenty&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;more than enough&lt;/strong&gt; (of something)&quot;, but I fail to see how &quot;хоть + imperative&quot; gets to have this meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-10-03T10:40:31.927" Title="How to literally interpret &quot;хоть отбавляй&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17194" CreationDate="2018-09-25T06:04:27.647" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ОТБА́ВИТЬ, отбавлю, отбавишь, совер. (к отбавлять), что и чего. Отделить, отнять, отлить, отсыпать и т.п. часть чего-нибудь. Отбавить воды из ведра. Отбавить муки из мешка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The literary meaning is &quot;to make less quantity&quot;. The figurative one is &quot;too many, much&quot;. &quot;Хоть отбавляй&quot; shows a critical point, situation, meaning if you don't make it less, it will pour out of the container or explode, or do something negative. &quot;Хоть &quot; here expresses that you are forced to take some action to prevent a negative event. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-09-25T06:04:27.647" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17194" CreationDate="2018-09-25T08:38:05.283" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;strong&gt;отбавить&lt;/strong&gt; means '&lt;em&gt;to remove some (excessive) quantity&lt;/em&gt;', typically of an ingredient at cooking. So, the imperative &lt;strong&gt;отбавляй&lt;/strong&gt; combined with &lt;strong&gt;хоть&lt;/strong&gt; (=~if you like), means '&lt;em&gt;it's in such excess, that if you reduce it somehow, there would still be enough of it&lt;/em&gt;.' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Their lack of knowledge is evident, nevertheless, there's &lt;strong&gt;no shortage&#xA;  of&lt;/strong&gt; their eagerness to discuss everything on earth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-09-25T08:38:05.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17197" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-25T10:10:08.557" Score="12" ViewCount="380" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am slightly confused by this sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она много читала, не писала в письмах ъ, называла мужа не&#xA;  Дмитрием, а Димитрием, а он втайне считал ее недалекой, узкой, неизящной,&#xA;  боялся ее и не любил бывать дома.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(if you are interested it is from the well known short story &quot;A lady with a lapdog&quot; / &quot;Дама с собачкой&quot; by Chekhov)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is easy to translate the sentence literally to English but hard for me to find the true meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;She writes without ъ - I guess this means she wrote with a kind of reformed orthography?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;She called him Dimitry instead of Dmitry&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The book was published in 1899 but the reform of 1917 got rid of the ъ at the end of words. So this means that she (the protagonist's wife in the story) wrote without ъ before it was officially abolished.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would that mean about a person if they omitted it? Is the subtext that she is uneducated? Or going over the top to be modern? Or trying to be different? Or just implying that she has some irritating habits? Or is she showing off her level of education?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding calling him Dimitry, is this a way of &quot;foreignising&quot; someone's name, as if I was to over-pronounce &quot;croissant&quot; in English with an exaggerated French accent? Is Димитрий an upper, or lower class variant of Дмитрий?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I have edited my question to try to make it clear that I am talking about  language after the feedback in the comments. Imagine that you wanted to translate the book into English for someone with no knowledge of 1900s Russian culture - the English translation I have says that she &quot;used phonetic spelling&quot; which in my opinion does not convey the true meaning, so I am asking really what the connotations of this description are for a native Russian speaker.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11002" LastEditorUserId="11002" LastEditDate="2018-10-05T10:27:30.357" LastActivityDate="2018-10-05T10:27:30.357" Title="Dimitry vs Dmitry, &quot;не писала в письмах ъ&quot;, text from around 1900" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17138" CreationDate="2018-09-26T09:14:23.633" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я как раз услышал, как используют слово &quot;это самое&quot; ещё в одном значении, и решил собрать вместе все ответы:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(@Баян Купи-ка)  Как попытка напоминания себе и собеседнику о том, о чём только что или недавно шла речь, за которой как правило сразу следует воспроизведение того, что говорящий имел виду. В этом случае оно по сути значит &quot;именно это&quot; или &quot;как раз это&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(@Баян Купи-ка) Вне связи с необходимостью напоминания, а просто как заполнитель паузы.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(@Илья) Употребление с целью сокрытия предмета разговора, например, в общественном месте по телефону:&#xA;Подари ей(подруге) диск с этим самым. - подразумевается, что с эротикой.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Здесь я бы обобщил ответ @Илья и сказал, что &quot;это самое&quot; можно употребить в случае, когда что-то подразумевается, всем понятно, о чём идёт речь.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Когда человек не может вспомнить название определённого предмета, или например имя человека: &quot;Ты не знаешь, придёт завтра, этот самый..?&quot;.&#xA;Однако это значение возможно перекрывается с первым. Хотя может быть на самом деле они и идентичны.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10140" LastEditorUserId="10140" LastEditDate="2018-09-27T14:15:29.777" LastActivityDate="2018-09-27T14:15:29.777" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17199" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17138" CreationDate="2018-09-26T16:45:38.047" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;это самое&lt;/code&gt; can also used as an euphemism, for sexual intercourse usually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Something naughty is being discussed, speaker is not comfortable with this topic so they would employ &lt;code&gt;это самое&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have found an example on second page of search &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%FD%F2%EE%20%F1%E0%EC%EE%E5&amp;amp;p=2&amp;amp;docid=114430&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on ruscorpora&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2018-09-26T16:45:38.047" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17152" CreationDate="2018-09-27T13:13:49.983" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is synonyms. No actual difference&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11008" LastActivityDate="2018-09-27T13:13:49.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17202" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17208" CreationDate="2018-09-28T01:27:26.980" Score="4" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I just came across the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прошло 2 года,а я все слушаю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I had to make a guess I'd translate this to something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It's been two years and still i'm listening&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It appears that, все is being used instead  ещё, so my questions is: what's the difference between them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastActivityDate="2018-09-30T10:24:15.087" Title="Usage of &quot;все&quot; vs &quot;ещё&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17203" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17204" CreationDate="2018-09-28T01:46:54.313" Score="-1" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; used in the phrase:&#xA;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;мне не нравится&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;= &quot;&lt;strong&gt;I Don't&lt;/strong&gt; Like&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But on the contrary &quot;&lt;strong&gt;нет&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is used in this one:&#xA;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;у меня нет&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;= &quot;I &lt;strong&gt;Don't&lt;/strong&gt; Have&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a rule that Always &quot;мне&quot; goes with &quot;не&quot; and &quot;меня&quot; with &quot;нет&quot;, I don't find any reasons for the distinction since in English both sentences would include the &quot;I do not&quot; fragment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10878" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-09-28T12:36:58.160" LastActivityDate="2018-09-28T12:36:58.160" Title="When to use which with &quot;не&quot; / &quot; нет&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17203" CreationDate="2018-09-28T02:00:03.730" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a fairly novice speaker but I think I can explain this well enough. Usually &quot;не&quot; is used to negate a verb, for example: &quot;Я &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; хочу...&quot; -&gt; &quot; I &lt;em&gt;do NOT&lt;/em&gt; want...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second construction you used, нет still means no. Although the English equivalent of &quot;У меня нет...&quot; is &quot;I don't have...&quot;, grammatically it is closer to &quot;At me, there is/are no...&quot;. So while non-native Russian speakers will think of нет as &quot;do not&quot; in this scenario, it still means &quot;no&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11010" LastActivityDate="2018-09-28T02:00:03.730" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17205" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-28T02:45:00.893" Score="-2" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not only confused with the overall definition and distinction between &quot;меня&quot; and &quot;я&quot; but also when to use which when 2 different phrases containing one of them each merge together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here we have &quot;&lt;strong&gt;я бы&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; =  I would&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Then we have &quot;&lt;strong&gt;мне хотелось&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; =  &quot;I wanted&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, when conforming the phrase &quot;I would like&quot; as in &quot;restaurant ordering scenarios&quot; what comes up is: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&quot;&lt;strong&gt;мне хотелось бы&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; why not &quot;&lt;strong&gt;я хотелось бы&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also from my online russian learning courses seems that this last one (мне хотелось бы), is english translated as &quot;I would like&quot; but that doesn't make sense to me since &quot;to like / to enjoy&quot; is &quot;нравится&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would the correct way to translate it be &quot;I would want&quot; instead ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10878" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-09-28T05:51:14.277" LastActivityDate="2018-09-28T11:12:48.640" Title="Difference Between and when to select which when they fuse. &quot;меня&quot; V.S &quot;я&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17205" CreationDate="2018-09-28T04:49:05.510" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am not only confused with the overall definition and distinction between &quot;меня&quot; and &quot;я&quot; but also when to use which when 2 different phrases containing one of them each merge together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically speaking, &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt; can be translated as 'I', and &lt;strong&gt;меня&lt;/strong&gt; is 'me'. First is the subject, second is the object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's right, &lt;strong&gt;я бы&lt;/strong&gt; can be translated as 'I would'. For example, &lt;strong&gt;я бы выпил чаю&lt;/strong&gt; - 'I would drink some tea'. And that's correct too, &lt;strong&gt;мне хотелось&lt;/strong&gt; means 'I wanted'. It's the same as &lt;strong&gt;я хотел&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Мне хотелось выпить чаю&lt;/strong&gt; = 'I wanted to drink some tea', the same as &lt;strong&gt;я хотел выпить чаю&lt;/strong&gt;. However, &lt;strong&gt;Мне бы хотелось выпить чаю&lt;/strong&gt; have the same presupposing meaning as in &lt;strong&gt;я бы хотел выпить чаю&lt;/strong&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;я бы выпил чаю&lt;/strong&gt; and can be translated as 'I would drink some tea'. &lt;strong&gt;Бы&lt;/strong&gt; changes everything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speaking about the phrase 'I would like', the best translation for it is &lt;strong&gt;я бы хотел&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Я хотелось бы&lt;/strong&gt; is grammatically incorrect. &lt;strong&gt;Мне хотелось бы&lt;/strong&gt; is acceptable, it means the same as &lt;strong&gt;я бы хотел&lt;/strong&gt;, however it's very tiny nuance. Usually 1st option is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11011" LastEditorUserId="1836" LastEditDate="2018-09-28T11:12:48.640" LastActivityDate="2018-09-28T11:12:48.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17205" CreationDate="2018-09-28T05:13:06.470" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;literal&lt;/em&gt; English analog of &lt;strong&gt;мне хотелось бы&lt;/strong&gt;, because it's an &lt;em&gt;impersonal&lt;/em&gt; form, so literal combination of words in their cases (like this: &lt;em&gt;мне = to me; бы = would; хотелось = &lt;strong&gt;it&lt;/strong&gt; was a wish&lt;/em&gt;) would bring to a strange English phrase, that is never used in the same situation: &lt;strong&gt;it would be a wish to me&lt;/strong&gt;. That is why both &lt;strong&gt;мне хотелось бы&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;я бы хотел&lt;/strong&gt; are translated as &lt;strong&gt;I would like&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-09-28T05:13:06.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17202" CreationDate="2018-09-28T07:01:57.580" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think &lt;strong&gt;всё&lt;/strong&gt; alone in the sense of &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt; is bookish, i use it in mundane conversations, and your sentence in Russian is perfectly mundane. But it does in my view have a certain tinge of meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ещё&lt;/strong&gt; is a straight &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;still&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, but &lt;strong&gt;всё ещё&lt;/strong&gt; often and &lt;strong&gt;всё&lt;/strong&gt; almost exclusively are used in combination with alternative conjunction &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; and have a connotation of &lt;strong&gt;can't stop &lt;em&gt;+ gerund&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, that is continuing to do something almost against all odds, against one's will, or obsessively. And in &lt;strong&gt;всё&lt;/strong&gt; alone this connotation is stronger. It's usually said with a shade of regret, helplessness or irony.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она его видеть не хочет, а он всё ходит к ней&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;За окном уже стояла глубокая ночь, а я всё читал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both, your Russian sentence and in this example &lt;strong&gt;всё&lt;/strong&gt; is used in a clause contrasting with another clause to mean that something &lt;em&gt;continues&lt;/em&gt; to be done or to happen despite circumstance described in another clause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: It occurred to me that this &lt;strong&gt;всё&lt;/strong&gt; could be a variant of &lt;strong&gt;всё равно&lt;/strong&gt; which in contrastive clauses means &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;despite that&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; and also &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;still&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. So&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Прошло 2 года, а я &lt;strong&gt;всё&lt;/strong&gt; слушаю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;AND&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Прошло 2 года, а я &lt;strong&gt;всё&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;равно&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; слушаю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;although not fully synonymous are still (apropos) very close in meaning&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-09-28T09:33:05.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17197" CreationDate="2018-09-28T08:57:03.890" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Дмитрий and  Димитрий are variants of the same name of the greek origin. The form Димитрий is still used by the church and is considered to be more ancient than the simplified derivative Дмитрий. So Димитрий is higher in register than Дмитрий and sounds more noble. An uneducated person wouldn't use it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the reform in the writing and changes connected with it, they say that these revolutionary ideas about the extreme difficulty of writing originally occurred in some scholars' works as far as the 18th century. The first attempt was to exclude the letter «ижица» from the alphabet by the Academy of Sciences in 1735, in 1787 one part of «Academic News» was published without Ъ at the end of words. It was done on the initiative of the head of the Academy of Sciences Сергей Герасимович Домашнев. So the ideas were popular a century before the reform.&#xA;Who could support such ideas? Only educated people.&#xA;I won't go farther into literature questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-09-28T15:35:04.200" LastActivityDate="2018-09-28T15:35:04.200" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17210" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-28T11:40:49.067" Score="4" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;память &lt;strong&gt;вернулась&lt;/strong&gt; к ним [&lt;strike&gt;his&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;strong&gt;their&lt;/strong&gt; memory (has) returned (at last)]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;память &lt;strong&gt;возвращалась&lt;/strong&gt; к ним [&lt;strike&gt;his&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;strong&gt;their&lt;/strong&gt; memory was coming back (gradually)]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;память &lt;strong&gt;возвращаемся&lt;/strong&gt; к ним [&lt;strike&gt;his&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;strong&gt;their&lt;/strong&gt; memory is coming back (gradually)]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;память &lt;strong&gt;вернётся&lt;/strong&gt; к ним [&lt;strike&gt;his&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;strong&gt;their&lt;/strong&gt; memory will return (someday)]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm having trouble understanding the meaning of the imperfective future tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;память &lt;strong&gt;будет возвращаться&lt;/strong&gt; к ним&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-28T14:34:19.170" LastActivityDate="2018-09-29T10:25:34.960" Title="In what context is the imperfective future tense &quot;будет возвращаться&quot; used?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;tense&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17211" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17210" CreationDate="2018-09-28T11:59:20.823" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;That corresponds to Future Progressive in English: The memory will be coming back to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9673" LastActivityDate="2018-09-28T11:59:20.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17212" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-28T17:02:26.073" Score="6" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a question from the B2 Russian exam.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я очень рад: домашнее задание сегодня можно не&#xA;а)сдавать&#xA;б)сдать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct answer is listed as (a). Why? It's a one-time action, and doesn't have any continuous quality. Any help would be appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11012" LastActivityDate="2018-10-03T20:57:11.420" Title="From the B2 Russian exam - why сдавать and not сдать домашнее задание?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17212" CreationDate="2018-09-28T17:11:02.347" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think, in case with сдать/сдавать in context of an exam, homework, etc., &quot;сдать&quot; is used not as &quot;to submit answers&quot; but to &quot;pass an exam&quot; (get a good score for homework&quot;, etc.), while &quot;сдавать&quot; is used for the process of passing an exam or submitting a homework.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2018-09-28T17:11:02.347" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17210" CreationDate="2018-09-28T17:41:20.433" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The context part of the question hasn't been addressed yet, so here're some examples&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда &lt;em&gt;будешь возвращаться&lt;/em&gt; домой, купи хлеба.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Завтра он &lt;em&gt;будет возвращаться&lt;/em&gt; с соревнований, и мы (по)едем его встречать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы &lt;em&gt;будем возвращаться&lt;/em&gt; с дачи на машине, так что (c)можем тебя подвезти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы этот вопрос уже обсудили, и я &lt;em&gt;не буду&lt;/em&gt; к нему &lt;em&gt;возвращаться&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So Future imperfective denotes being in the process of action or action being in the process of performance before completion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Connotation in the last example is more complex due to negation. Here the imperfective aspect rather means repeated return than a process of return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the word &lt;strong&gt;память&lt;/strong&gt; used in the question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не волнуйтесь, память будет к вам постепенно возвращаться &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;prognosis by a doctor after memory loss&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-09-29T10:25:34.960" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17215" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17216" CreationDate="2018-09-29T17:36:46.613" Score="2" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I stumbled accross a definition of how to use the Instrumental in Russian. It is very detailed and lays out very many different possibilities in a systematic way. It talks about the &quot;Instrumental of means&quot;, &quot;Instrumental of adjunction&quot;, etc. etc. but it never mentions a so called &quot;Instrumental of manner&quot;, which I found later in a book about Ukrainian grammar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example from the book about Ukrainian would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;говорити ніжним голосом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;meaning &quot;to speak in a soft voice.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I wonder if this can also be done with the Instrumental case in Russian or if this is specific to Ukrainian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: I do not speak a word of Russian or Ukrainian, my interest comes from a purely linguistic perspective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11017" LastActivityDate="2018-09-29T18:11:41.537" Title="Instrumental of manner in Russian?" Tags="&lt;творительный-падеж&gt;&lt;ukrainian&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17215" CreationDate="2018-09-29T18:06:09.773" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes it can, this function of Instrumental is characteristic of both languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;говорить нежным голосом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-09-29T18:11:41.537" LastActivityDate="2018-09-29T18:11:41.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17217" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-29T21:35:25.537" Score="2" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;To express the idea of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How come you're &lt;strong&gt;so&lt;/strong&gt;[&lt;strong&gt;that much&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;this much&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;to this extent&lt;/strong&gt;] sure of it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following phrasings all seem to be saying more or less the same thing:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почему ты в нем &lt;strong&gt;столь&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;настолько&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt; уверен?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I wonder if and how they are nuanced? Also, if I use any of these words with &lt;code&gt;твёрдо&lt;/code&gt; (like in `столь/настолько/так твёрдо уверен) - will it make a difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-09-29T21:56:14.580" LastActivityDate="2018-09-30T10:19:42.387" Title="Nuances between &quot;столь/настолько/так (твёрдо) уверен&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17218" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-09-30T06:37:37.140" Score="2" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &quot;мне захотелось пить&quot; -  should I think that past tense «захотелось» means «A desire to drink &lt;strong&gt;has come&lt;/strong&gt; to me, and as a result there's an ongoing state where I want to have a drink &lt;strong&gt;now&lt;/strong&gt;»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-09-30T09:20:10.927" LastActivityDate="2018-09-30T10:15:05.937" Title="«Мне захотелось пить» - do I want to have a drink now? Or I wanted to have a drink in the past?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;tense&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17218" CreationDate="2018-09-30T07:17:26.570" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is ambiguous, it can function as both Past Simple and Present Perfect.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Past Simple&lt;/em&gt; - Когда я наелся вяленой рыбы, мне так захотелось пить, что я выпил литр воды за раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Present Perfect&lt;/em&gt; - Мне захотелось пить, у тебя не найдётся минералочки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-09-30T07:17:26.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17218" CreationDate="2018-09-30T07:32:05.087" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although it may mean that the desire &lt;strong&gt;has&lt;/strong&gt; come or &lt;strong&gt;had&lt;/strong&gt; come depending on the context, I won't use the phrase to say I want to drink now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make it sound natural in the present perfect sense you have to relax it, make it sound more colloquial, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мне что-то захотелось пить.&lt;/em&gt; - I'm kind of thirsty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice that &lt;strong&gt;что-то&lt;/strong&gt; is not an object of &lt;strong&gt;пить&lt;/strong&gt;, but just a word used to mince the phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-09-30T07:32:05.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17218" CreationDate="2018-09-30T10:15:05.937" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a Past Simple form it's quite common, sort of &quot;I was thirsty&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a Present Perfect it sounds a bit awkward. A more natural form would be &quot;Мне захотелось &lt;em&gt;по&lt;/em&gt;пить&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11019" LastActivityDate="2018-09-30T10:15:05.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17217" CreationDate="2018-09-30T10:19:42.387" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Почему ты в нём столь уверен?&lt;/strong&gt; Sounds quite archaic to be honest, or at least very formal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Почему ты в нём настолько уверен?&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Почему ты в нём так уверен?&lt;/strong&gt; are conveying the same meaning without noticeable difference in nuances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adding &lt;strong&gt;твёрдо&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't change anything really.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11019" LastActivityDate="2018-09-30T10:19:42.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17202" CreationDate="2018-09-30T10:24:15.087" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Прошло 2 года, а я все слушаю&lt;/strong&gt; is basically a shortened version of &lt;strong&gt;Прошло 2 года, а я все ещё слушаю&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11019" LastActivityDate="2018-09-30T10:24:15.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17224" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17226" CreationDate="2018-10-01T05:05:11.480" Score="3" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sz19M.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&#xA;Is it me or is this wrong? In the masculine section of this, isnt it supposed to say он instead of я? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-10-01T14:58:12.987" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:27:21.200" Title="Are pronouns listed correctly on this past tense conjugation table?" Tags="&lt;местоимения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17224" CreationDate="2018-10-01T06:44:45.400" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe there's explanation somewhere to this table, but i think they just didn't bother to list all the pronouns &lt;em&gt;because there're only so many verb forms in the Past Tense anyway&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The listed masculine forms are true for all &lt;strong&gt;я, ты, он&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The listed feminine forms are true for all &lt;strong&gt;я, ты, она&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The listed plural forms are true for all &lt;strong&gt;мы, вы, они&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And only neuter singular stands apart&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So all in all 4 verb forms of each verb aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The main determinants here are not the actual pronouns but the gender and number&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;masculine, feminine, neuter and plural&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (exactly 4 for each verb aspect), the listed  pronouns are mentioned just as an example of each determinant because in themselves they're irrelevant for determining Past Tense verb forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If all the listed pronouns are deleted the table will remain correct and exhaustive for the given verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-01T15:08:40.610" LastActivityDate="2018-10-01T15:08:40.610" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17227" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-02T10:13:07.943" Score="1" ViewCount="174" Body="&lt;p&gt;Иногда, скорее в старших источниках, встречаю слово &quot;автомашина&quot;, полагаю что его значение это просто &quot;машина&quot;, или &quot;автомобиль&quot;. Можно сказать, что слово &quot;автомашина&quot; устаревшее? Как оно звучит уху современного человека? Можно его использовать, хотя бы в шутку?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10140" LastActivityDate="2018-10-04T10:56:52.370" Title="Как воспринимается в сегодняшнем носителем языка слово &quot;автомашина&quot;?" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17227" CreationDate="2018-10-02T10:33:51.870" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Для моего уха, как носителя, звучит старомодно. Разве что в шутку или иронично можно использовать при условии, что собеседнику понятен оттенок. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается статуса устаревшего, то тут, наверное, нужно полагаться на авторитет словарей. Если соответствующая помета стоит, значит устаревшее (хотя, насколько я осведомлён, единых критериев устаревания нет). В онлайн версиях словарей такая помета не стоит. Но из активной лексики оно, по-моему, исчезло.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-10-02T10:33:51.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17227" CreationDate="2018-10-02T11:34:52.280" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово &quot;автомашина&quot; воспринимается как довольно редко употребимое, но вместе с тем не ассоциируется с каким-то определённым историческим периодом, поэтому устарело не звучит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Было бы здорово, если бы для полноты вопроса вы бы привели примеры такого использования. Вся штука в том, что &lt;strong&gt;частота использования &lt;code&gt;автомашина&lt;/code&gt; никогда не была сопоставима с частотой использования слова &lt;code&gt;автомобиль&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - вы можете обратиться к google ngram и увидеть такой график:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yvy36.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yvy36.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть даже в период когда слово &lt;code&gt;автомашина&lt;/code&gt; использовалось чаще, разрыв был в 10 раз. &#xA;Тут разумеется строгий читатель может сказать, что возможно корпус текстов, который индексирован в гугловом проекте неполный, но мы можем проверить и по национальному корпусу русского языка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%E0%E2%F2%EE%EC%E0%F8%E8%ED%E0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Вот&lt;/a&gt; слово &lt;code&gt;автомобиль&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oMz06.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oMz06.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%E0%E2%F2%EE%EC%E0%F8%E8%ED%E0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Вот&lt;/a&gt; автомашина:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nQrim.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nQrim.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-04T10:56:52.370" LastActivityDate="2018-10-04T10:56:52.370" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2603" CreationDate="2018-10-02T22:15:34.880" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мы с дочкой говорим &quot;переночёвка&quot; и &quot;поиграшка&quot; (по аналогии с &quot;переночёвка&quot;). Переночёвка, кстати, вполне нормальное русское слово. Например: &quot;Мама, можно мы пригласим Кейт на переночёвку?&quot;. Слово &quot;поиграшка&quot;, наверное, менее удачное, но в нашем семейном языке прижилось. Мне нравится больше, чем &quot;плейдейт&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11028" LastActivityDate="2018-10-02T22:15:34.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17175" CreationDate="2018-10-02T22:52:02.687" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Конструкция &quot;...спустя...после...&quot; мне кажется неестественной. &#xA;Обычно &quot;спустя&quot; используется для описания события, которое следовало после события, описанного в предыдущем предложении либо в сложносочинённых предложениях:&quot;Обсчитали результаты.(,a) Неделю-другую спустя оказалось, что человек не рыбка&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поверхностный поиск по Национальному корпусу русского языка подтверждает моё предположение. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11029" LastActivityDate="2018-10-02T22:52:02.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17194" CreationDate="2018-10-03T10:40:31.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It looks like a set phrase. You cannot change it to &quot;хоть убавляй&quot;, &quot;хоть отнимай&quot; or &quot;хоть уменьшай&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, generally speaking, it is not the only &quot;хоть + imperative&quot; construction in Russian. For example, widely used &quot;хоть убей&quot; means &quot;for the life of...&quot; and so are nearly synonymous &quot;хоть лопни&quot; and &quot;хоть тресни&quot;. The construction &quot;хоть кол на голове теши&quot; is usually used to denote somebody who does not understand obvious things or ignores accepted rules - &quot;Он не понимает, что его могут ограбить, хоть кол на голове теши&quot; - &quot;He does not accept the idea  that he might be robbed, despite multiple attempts to explain to him&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One one might construct other clauses to denote practical impossibility or failed attempts to achieve something, even provided that certain extreme condition would be fulfilled. &quot;Если не изучать грамматику, то не заговоришь на иностранном языке, &lt;em&gt;хоть выучи наизусть&lt;/em&gt; десять словарей&quot; - &quot;If one does not study grammar, he/she will not speak a foreign language, even provided he/she had learnt ten dictionaries by heart&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;===&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is another meaning of the construction &quot;хоть &amp;lt;не&gt; + imperative&quot;. It is used to denote the deeds that one might be forced  to attempt to avoid negative outcome or &lt;em&gt;vice versa&lt;/em&gt; might be forced not to attempt because it seems that they will result in highly probable fail or negative outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;На улице холодно, хоть не выходи из дому&quot; - &quot;It is cold outside, I think it would be better not to go outside&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мою квартиру ограбили за три раза прошедший месяц, хоть переселяйся в другой район&quot; - &quot;My apartment was burglarized three times last month. I feel like I am forced to move to another neighbourhood&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11029" LastActivityDate="2018-10-03T10:40:31.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17234" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17212" CreationDate="2018-10-03T17:09:51.240" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short answer: we change a perfect verb (&lt;em&gt;сдать&lt;/em&gt;) to its non perfect form (&lt;em&gt;сдавать&lt;/em&gt;) in negative sentences (можно &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; сдавать) with a modal verb (&lt;em&gt;можно&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a more detailed explanation &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5#6_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (go to section 6.2.3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9594" LastActivityDate="2018-10-03T17:09:51.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17235" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17236" CreationDate="2018-10-03T18:18:20.323" Score="5" ViewCount="102" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came upon this sentence in Dostoevsky's Записки из подполья:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И я тем более &lt;strong&gt;убежден в злом&lt;/strong&gt;, так сказать, подозрении, что если, например, взять антитез нормального человека, то есть человека усиленно сознающего, вышедшего, конечно, не из лона природы, а из реторты&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My English translation reads as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And I am the more convinced of this, so to speak, suspicion, seeing that if, for example, one takes the antithesis of the normal man, that is, the man of heightened consciousness, who came, of course, not from the bosom of nature but from a retort&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen other translations that are very similar. It seems to me that the word &quot;злом&quot; was not translated. Is it some sort of play with words? The novel's protagonist says a few time how &quot;злой&quot; he is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11033" LastActivityDate="2018-10-03T18:48:56.907" Title="What does &quot;убежден в злом&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17235" CreationDate="2018-10-03T18:41:35.653" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an adjective &lt;code&gt;злой&lt;/code&gt; (evil, vicious, wicked, unkind) in prepositional case and actually you can read this omitting &lt;code&gt;так сказать&lt;/code&gt; (&quot;so to speak&quot;) as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И я тем более убежден в злом [так сказать] подозрении.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's pretty much something like &quot;..convinced of this, so to speak, unkind suspicion&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no play with words, it's just that - and this happens unfortunately very often, while translating Russian text even prominent and famous English translators are skipping any word or phrase they find difficult to come up with precise analogy. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have no idea for instance how much &quot;12 стульев&quot; is ruined. &#xA;In this particular case, however, I'm quite surprised this word was skipped. It's has exact counterparts in English I mean. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-03T18:48:56.907" LastActivityDate="2018-10-03T18:48:56.907" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17212" CreationDate="2018-10-03T20:39:38.923" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Можно не сдавать&lt;/strong&gt; — (we) &lt;strong&gt;don't have to&lt;/strong&gt; submit the homework today&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible and/or allowed (&lt;strong&gt;можно&lt;/strong&gt;) for us to not not submit it, &lt;strong&gt;i.e.,&lt;/strong&gt; not do the action at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is just normal use of imperfective. That is, not doing the action at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Можно не cдать&lt;/strong&gt; — means we might not be able to get it handed in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible that we cannot (won't be able to) hand it in.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Он может не приходить&lt;/strong&gt;— He can not come. (if he wants) = He doesn't have to come. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Он может не прийти&lt;/strong&gt; —He might not be able to come. (because something might happen) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is just normal perfective. There is a chance that someone won't be able to finish, accomplish, or get something done. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is grammar structure in Russian that corresponds roughly to— 1) don't have to, and 2) might not be able to. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2018-10-03T20:57:11.420" LastActivityDate="2018-10-03T20:57:11.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17239" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17241" CreationDate="2018-10-04T02:01:35.647" Score="1" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the purpose of всё in this sentence?&#xA;Я всё ещё читаю этот роман&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-10-04T04:29:02.397" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:29:00.687" Title="Purpose of всё in this sentence?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-10-04T12:40:46.733" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17239" CreationDate="2018-10-04T04:27:40.827" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;всё ещё&#xA;  нареч. обстоят. времени&#xA;  До сих пор, пока что.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Все еше is an adverb of time which means &quot;still&quot; like еще, but with more emphasis (все). It shows that the action is still in process and the person has spent some time reading.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я все еще читаю этот роман.(I am still reading this novel and I have been reading it for a long  time &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-10-04T04:27:40.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17241" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17239" CreationDate="2018-10-04T04:35:03.133" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this particular case, &amp;quot;всё ещё&amp;quot; together mean &amp;quot;still&amp;quot;. As in &amp;quot;I am still reading this novel.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, there is a catch: &amp;quot;я ещё читаю этот роман&amp;quot; also translates into &amp;quot;I am still reading this novel.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is in the emphasis. &amp;quot;Ещё&amp;quot; on its own just means a continuation of the action, the fact that it hasn't completed yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Combined &amp;quot;всё ещё&amp;quot; has an additional connotation of a process taking longer than originally expected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T07:29:00.687" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:29:00.687" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17242" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17245" CreationDate="2018-10-05T19:04:29.663" Score="7" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему когда русскоязычный человек начинает физическую нагрузку, он иногда говорит фразу «Три, четыре»? Почему пропускают «раз два»? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11042" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-10-06T08:18:12.437" LastActivityDate="2018-11-08T02:54:58.097" Title="Почему как стартовую команду применяют фразу «три-четыре»?" Tags="&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17243" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17244" CreationDate="2018-10-05T22:36:03.027" Score="4" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;p&gt;It makes no sense to me; when I'm listening to Russians on YouTube they all do it either way, another thing.&#xA;If I choose to do most of my o’s as a’s will there be others who don't still understand me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-05-09T00:08:33.197" LastActivityDate="2019-05-09T00:08:33.197" Title="Why do some people pronounce &quot;о&quot; as &quot;a&quot; and some just pronounce &quot;o&quot; as &quot;o&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;vowel&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17243" CreationDate="2018-10-05T23:16:36.477" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a phenomenon called vowel reduction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A good starting point would be the Wikipedia article on Russian phonology: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology#Vowel_mergers&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology#Vowel_mergers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a nutshell, most Russian dialects distinguish &lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; and pronounce them more or less the way it says on the tin when they are stressed, and merge them (pronounce a neutral schwa instead of clear &lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt;) when they are unstressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some Russian dialects which (mostly) don't merge &lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; even if they are unstressed, and those dialects are readily understood by practically any Russian speaker, though they do sound peculiar to those not accustomed to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't go pronouncing &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; instead if &lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt; or the other way around all the time. You have to separate them when they are stressed either way, and if you are unsure you can just always pronounce them as &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt;, respectively, even if they are unstressed. You will be well understood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-10-05T23:16:36.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17242" CreationDate="2018-10-06T16:35:23.640" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подытоживая &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru-etymology.livejournal.com/840870.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;обсуждение&lt;/a&gt; (спасибо @Баян_Купи-ка за ссылку):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Три-четыре&quot; пошло из музыки/танцев и используется для синхронизации исполнителей в начале исполнения: на &quot;раз&quot; уже нужно начать играть/танцевать. Если просто сказать &quot;раз&quot;, никто не успеет начать. Поэтому дается подготовительное &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKNfwSPg5nc&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;И!...&quot;&lt;/a&gt; или &quot;три-четыре&quot;. Последнее лучше, чем &quot;и&quot;, так как вдобавок задает темп. Большинство музыкальных произведений имеет четырехдольный размер, поэтому &quot;три-четыре&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-10-06T16:35:23.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17249" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-06T22:26:31.203" Score="0" ViewCount="65" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been watching these words recently and I am not quite sure how to use them. &#xA;I know that Tak is like &quot;so&quot; or &quot;that&quot;(like in; &lt;em&gt;It's not that good&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could anybody please explain me? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11046" LastActivityDate="2018-10-06T22:26:31.203" Title="&quot;Так&quot; &quot;такая&quot; &quot;такой&quot; and &quot;Какой&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-10-08T23:50:36.440" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="617" CreationDate="2018-10-07T00:38:46.320" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You don't have to address a person directly. You can always use an indirect form. Then a good start would be &quot;Извини&quot; or just an appropriate greeting, like &quot;Добрый день&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Извините, &lt;strike&gt;ты&lt;/strike&gt; вы не подскажЕте, как мне пройти к Павелецкому вокзалу?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Добрый день, подскажите, пожалуйста, где ближайшая аптека?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11019" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-07T06:51:12.673" LastActivityDate="2018-10-07T06:51:12.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17251" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17253" CreationDate="2018-10-07T03:01:00.123" Score="1" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;In words such as &lt;code&gt;по-дружески&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;по-человечески&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have looked through dictionaries and cannot find why &#xA;in these words the «и» at the end sounds like the letter e=ye. Why is that, what is the rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-17T22:31:30.853" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T22:31:30.853" Title="Pronunciation of “и” at end for these specific words" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17251" CreationDate="2018-10-07T08:45:49.697" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sounds of a language are a fuzzy concept and when it comes to mapping them to letters, a lot depends on the listener's background. Many things only exist in the eye of the beholder (or the ear of the listener). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many Russian speakers heard the English refrain &quot;She's got it&quot; as &quot;Shizgara&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;«Шизгара»&lt;/a&gt;) with the original 't' mapped to 'r' and the weak 'it' to weak 'a'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suggest that you just assume that there is an И at the end of these words and continue to practise listening until you 'get it'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-10-07T13:45:52.787" LastActivityDate="2018-10-07T13:45:52.787" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17254" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-07T16:16:42.107" Score="5" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она далеко не &lt;strong&gt;самая лучшая&lt;/strong&gt; кандидатура на такую роль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs: Она далеко не &lt;strong&gt;лучшая&lt;/strong&gt; кандидатура на такую роль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrasing &amp;quot;самая лучшая&amp;quot; pulled me up short because... Doesn't it sound like &amp;quot;the most best&amp;quot;? Why is &amp;quot;лучший&amp;quot; preceded by &amp;quot;самый&amp;quot;, even though &amp;quot;лучший&amp;quot;, unlike &amp;quot;красивый&amp;quot;, can stand on its own as a full-fledged superlative adjective?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-10-08T06:24:59.597" Title="Why &quot;самый лучший&quot; instead of &quot;лучший&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;superlative&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10788" CreationDate="2018-10-07T16:19:02.520" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is common and familiar but not babyish. &#xA;Our Russian friends and family relatives use it all the time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11049" LastActivityDate="2018-10-07T16:19:02.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17256" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17254" CreationDate="2018-10-07T17:14:20.913" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a cookie cutter answer of the Gramota.ru information service:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search-answer/?s=%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ответ справочной службы русского языка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это корректное и допустимое сочетание для разговорной речи, в ситуации&#xA;  непринужденного общения. Но в образцовой литературной речи его лучше&#xA;  избегать.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Doesn't it sound like &quot;the most best&quot;?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may or may not because &lt;strong&gt;лучший&lt;/strong&gt; is also an &lt;em&gt;inflectable comparative&lt;/em&gt; form which isn't perceived as &lt;em&gt;superlative&lt;/em&gt;, similarly to difference in degree between &lt;strong&gt;хорошо&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;лучше&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Ref. &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=hWjMAAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA222&amp;amp;lpg=PA222&amp;amp;dq#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Синтетические префиксальные формы суперлатива&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;&quot;Грамматическая семантика. Русский язык в типологической перспективе&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;by Юрий Князев&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's possible that it's a variant of &lt;strong&gt;наилучший&lt;/strong&gt; which is a superlative form derived synthetically from synthetic  comparative form (&lt;strong&gt;лучший&lt;/strong&gt;) instead of analytically from the positive one (&lt;strong&gt;самый + хороший&lt;/strong&gt;), similarly to &lt;strong&gt;наихудший&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;наивысший&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;наименьший&lt;/strong&gt;,  &lt;strong&gt;наисильнейший&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;наипростейший&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;наимоднейший&lt;/strong&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;наи (без удар.) (книжн.). Приставка, присоединяемая к форме&#xA;  превосходной, реже сравнительной степени прилагательных и наречий и&#xA;  придающая этим прилагательным и наречиям &lt;strong&gt;значение предельной степени&#xA;  качества&lt;/strong&gt;, напр. наилучший, наибольший, наименьший, наиспособнейший,&#xA;  наиболее, наименее, наичаще и т. п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/870622#sel=5:1,6:10&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Толковый словарь Ушакова 1935-40 гг.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also acceptable are collocations such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%22&amp;amp;newwindow=1&amp;amp;ei=1kS6W-PhOo6QmgWlg6-4Dg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;самый простейший&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;самый худший&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;самый старший&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;самый младший&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&amp;amp;source=hp&amp;amp;ei=IGG6W_OhMYKwsAHPxriAAw&amp;amp;q=&amp;quot;%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9&amp;quot;&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;самый низший&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;самый меньший&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Меньший&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;меньшая, меньшее. 1. Сравн. ст. к малый и к маленький. Из двух&#xA;  предложенных комнат выбрал меньшую. 2. Превосх. ст. к тем же прил.;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;самый меньший&lt;/strong&gt;, меньший из всех (книжн.). Взять меньшее из данных&#xA;  количеств. 3. То же, что младший (разг. редко, чаще меньшой). Меньший&#xA;  сын. По меньшей мере - см. мера. &lt;strong&gt;Самое меньшее&lt;/strong&gt; - не менее, по меньшей&#xA;  мере. Придется заплатить самое меньшее сто рублей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.endic.ru/ushakov/Menshij-29458.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Толковый словарь Ушакова 1935-40 гг.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is again because &lt;strong&gt;худший&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;старший&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;младший&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;низший&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;меньший&lt;/strong&gt; are inflectable comparative forms&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Positive&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Comparative&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Superlative&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;простой&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; простейший &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;самый простой/простейший&lt;br&gt;&#xA;плохой/худой&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; худший &#xA;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;самый плохой/худший&lt;br&gt;&#xA;старый &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;старший &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; самый старый/старший&lt;br&gt;&#xA;молодой &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;младший &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; самый молодой/младший&lt;br&gt;&#xA;низкий &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;низший &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; самый низкий/низший&lt;br&gt;&#xA;маленький &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;меньший &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  самый маленький/меньший&lt;br&gt;&#xA;тонкий &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;тощий &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  самый тонкий/тощий   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe it might be due to the fact of inflectable comparative adjectives being perceived as denoting a quality in its own right that adjunction of &lt;strong&gt;самый&lt;/strong&gt; has become possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Ukrainian on the other hand &lt;em&gt;inflectable comparative&lt;/em&gt; form is a rule and not an exception like in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Further read &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=STRqAAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA83&amp;amp;lpg=PA83#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;«Избранные работы по русистике. Фонология. Морфонология. Морфология. Орфография. Лексикография» chapter «Употребление форм прилагательных с суффиксом -ейш- (-айш-) в значении сравнительной степени в русском литературном языке XIX-XX вв.»&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-08T06:24:59.597" LastActivityDate="2018-10-08T06:24:59.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17257" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17258" CreationDate="2018-10-08T06:04:14.920" Score="3" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which one is correct and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Это очень важно для любого человека, живущего в христианскую эру&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Это очень важно для любого челoвека, живущего в христианской эре&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-08T06:40:23.113" LastActivityDate="2018-10-08T07:35:41.967" Title="&quot;живущего в христианскую эру&quot; or &quot;живущего в христианской эре&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17258" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17257" CreationDate="2018-10-08T06:33:32.857" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The grammatical case (Accusative) in the first sentence is correct and applicable to other adverbials of time: &lt;strong&gt;в наше время&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;в наш век&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;в эпоху коммунизма&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;в старину&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;в понедельник - воскресенье&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;в первый год&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other adverbials of time however a more congruent Prepositional is employed: &lt;strong&gt;в прошлом месяце&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;в будущем году&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;в январе - декабре&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There appears to be no universal rule to this. There're some principles of inflexion within adverbials which are applicable to select time denoting words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More details in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ruspeach.com/learning/14659/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Выражение времени: &quot;Когда?&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;(www.ruspeach.com - Русский для иностранцев)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-08T07:35:41.967" LastActivityDate="2018-10-08T07:35:41.967" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17260" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-08T13:33:43.157" Score="1" ViewCount="176" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здоровый критицизм будет &lt;strong&gt;как нельзя более кстати&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs: Здоровый критицизм будет  &lt;strong&gt;как нельзя кстати&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose &amp;quot;как нельзя&amp;quot; by itself already has the meaning of &amp;quot;couldn't be more X&amp;quot;, so isn't &amp;quot;более&amp;quot; sort of redundant? Or are these two somehow nuanced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if the same goes for: &amp;quot;как нельзя более к месту&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;как нельзя к месту&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T12:43:41.470" Title="How is &quot;как нельзя более кстати&quot; different from &quot;как нельзя кстати&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17261" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-08T13:55:32.627" Score="7" ViewCount="269" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English I if I want to refer to something specific or non specific I can just do it by adding articles. For example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I saw &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; house.  (non specific house)&#xA;  = я видел дом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I saw &lt;strong&gt;the&lt;/strong&gt; house. (Specific house) = я видел дом?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the way to make such sentence in specific form in Russian language, if any? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-10-10T11:30:53.210" LastActivityDate="2018-10-10T11:30:53.210" Title="&quot;Я видел дом&quot; means &quot;I saw a house&quot; or &quot;I saw the house&quot; or both?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17261" CreationDate="2018-10-08T15:16:10.213" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;One, and perhaps the most obvious, way to indicate definiteness is through the use of demonstrative pronouns &lt;strong&gt;этот/тот&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other cases the definiteness is derived from the context. If a certain house has been discussed or mentioned just now or was before a pause in conversation, the odds that the repeated word &lt;strong&gt;дом&lt;/strong&gt; will mean some new unspoken-of house are pretty high (that is unlikely).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes a shade of definiteness can follow from the choice of grammatical case as in Accusative vs Genitive/Partitive&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;хотеть сыр &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;definite&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  хотеть сыра/у &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;indefinite&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A role of indefinite article sometimes could be played by the numeral &lt;strong&gt;один&lt;/strong&gt; similarly to indefinite article &lt;em&gt;ein&lt;/em&gt; (one) in German.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To answer the question in the title, &lt;code&gt;Я видел дом&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;I saw A house&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-09T10:55:08.173" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T10:55:08.173" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17261" CreationDate="2018-10-08T17:34:47.960" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From my perspective &quot;Я видел дом&quot; is &quot;I saw the house&quot;. If you're talking about non-specific house, you're usually not talking about specific house, so people usually say &quot;Я видел дома&quot; (emphasis is on the last &quot;а&quot;. Equals to &quot;I saw houses&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="582" LastActivityDate="2018-10-08T17:34:47.960" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17261" CreationDate="2018-10-08T18:01:57.750" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no such thing like definite and indefinite articles in Russian. What you actually asking essentially is &quot;how come up with two different sentences so there will be one-to-one correspondence between such sentences and usage of definite and indefinite articles&quot;. But if you'll think about it you'll realize that that will mean that, well, there are definite and indefinite articles in Russian and, thus, we came to contradiction. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's like asking &quot;Hey, in our language we have exclusive and inclusive &lt;code&gt;we&lt;/code&gt; - how it supposed to be expressed in your language?&quot;. The thing is if the concept doesn't exist you can not have single way to do it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some cases &lt;code&gt;какой-то&lt;/code&gt; would be a fit. In some cases &lt;code&gt;этот&lt;/code&gt;. In some - quite small set of cases - &lt;code&gt;один&lt;/code&gt; can be used (&quot;один человек когда-то мне сказал&quot; differs from &quot;человек мне когда-то сказал&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But generally speaking this concept just does not belong to Russian. In other words, &quot;I saw a house&quot; depending on context can be translated &quot;] увидел какой-то дом&quot;, &quot;я вижу какой-то дом&quot;, &quot;я вижу дом&quot; etc. while &quot;I saw the house&quot; can be translated as &quot;я вижу тот самый дом&quot;, &quot;я вижу дом&quot;, &quot;я вижу этот дом&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-10-08T18:01:57.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17261" CreationDate="2018-10-09T02:03:36.577" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я видел дом&quot; can mean both &quot;I saw a house&quot; and &quot;I saw the house&quot;. Usually it is clear from the context. That's why when native English speakers read my text they easily can add &quot;a&quot; and &quot;the&quot; in many places to correct me (OK, not so many nowadays). Almost never they asked me: do you mean &quot;a&quot; or &quot;the&quot; in a particular place. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English &quot;a&quot; and &quot;the&quot; are very often dropped in titles of newspaper articles and nobody complains about it - the information is still conveyed clearly. I just looked at the titles in Google News - almost no articles there. For example: &quot;UN report calls for urgent action to avert catastrophic climate change&quot;. Should it be &quot;&lt;strong&gt;A&lt;/strong&gt; UN report calls for &lt;strong&gt;the&lt;/strong&gt; urgent action to avert &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; catastrophic climate change&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conclusion: in 95% of cases putting &quot;a&quot; or &quot;the&quot; is redundant even in English. In those 5% cases when you want to distinguish a &lt;em&gt;concrete&lt;/em&gt; vs a &lt;em&gt;generic&lt;/em&gt; house you can use the words that were already suggested in previous very good answers: один, какой-то, некий vs этот, тот, тот самый. For example (in scientific speech) you can say: Я вижу некий дом. Этот дом имеет три этажа. But you also can say: Я вижу дом. Дом имеет три этажа. Here &quot;некий&quot; and &quot;этот&quot; are assumed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2018-10-09T02:15:02.970" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T02:15:02.970" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17267" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17268" CreationDate="2018-10-09T05:44:07.640" Score="2" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm confused as to how чему is used in following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И стал припоминать Сократ все, чему учили его про Богов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the sentence translate to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And Socrates remembered all, to which they taught him on the gods.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't make sense to put 'to which' there as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10593" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-09T09:12:53.083" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T09:12:53.083" Title="How is &quot;чему&quot; used in this sentence" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17267" CreationDate="2018-10-09T05:56:20.947" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;We would use чему asking about what someone is being taught, as well as answering questions like that. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чему&lt;/strong&gt; вас учат в школе? &lt;em&gt;(what are you taught at school?)&lt;/em&gt; - Много чему &lt;em&gt;(a lot of things&lt;/em&gt;): математике, русскому языку, литературе и т.д. &lt;em&gt;(mathematics, Russian, literature etc.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не знаю &lt;strong&gt;чему&lt;/strong&gt; тебя учат. &lt;em&gt;(I don't know what you are being taught.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чему is the Dative form of что: учить чему? - математике.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I'd translate your sentence like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И стал припоминать Сократ все, чему учили его про Богов. - Socrates started remembering everything he had been taught about Gods.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T08:05:06.180" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17269" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17267" CreationDate="2018-10-09T06:50:34.487" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here &lt;strong&gt;учить&lt;/strong&gt; is a synonym of &lt;strong&gt;обучать&lt;/strong&gt; which governs two cases Accusative and Dative &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;учить/обучать &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;кого? Accusative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; - Сократа&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  учить/обучать&#xA;  &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;чему? Dative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; - всему&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dative doesn't always require preposition, it's formed perfectly just by inflexion alone in both English (eg. which) and Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus in the English sentence preposition &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;to&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is superfluous &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And Socrates started to recall everything, [x] &lt;strong&gt;which&lt;/strong&gt; they taught him on the gods.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T06:50:34.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17267" CreationDate="2018-10-09T07:14:27.980" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Etymologically, English infinitives (as well as Russian infinitives) are dative forms of nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look long enough at the sentences &quot;I give the dog to you&quot; and &quot;I teach the dog to fly&quot;, you will probably start seeing their similarity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look long enough at the Russian sentences: &lt;em&gt;я учу сестру плести&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;я приношу жертву нечисти&lt;/em&gt;, you will probably see their similarity as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dative has long since died in English, but whenever you are saying &quot;I teach to swim&quot;, in English and Russian alike, your are saying the phrase which has started out as &quot;I teach to the skill of swimming&quot;, in dative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this will help you to wrap your head around it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T07:14:27.980" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17260" CreationDate="2018-10-09T10:43:39.990" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Как нельзя&lt;/strong&gt; is the modern form; &lt;strong&gt;как нельзя более&lt;/strong&gt; sounds loquacious and old-fashioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, I don't think &lt;strong&gt;более&lt;/strong&gt; is technically redundant; &lt;strong&gt;как нельзя более&lt;/strong&gt; sounds like it was the original and complete expression, as it admittedly makes a bit more sense — but over time, its first two words came to sufficiently convey the meaning, and &lt;strong&gt;более&lt;/strong&gt; was dropped for the sake of brevity, until at some point the full expression began to sound slightly outdated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a similar example, I'm reminded of the English word &lt;strong&gt;nonplussed&lt;/strong&gt;; given how specific its meaning is, compared to the Latin for &quot;no more&quot; which it incorporates, I'm guessing it's the rump of what was originally a longer Latin expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T10:43:39.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17260" CreationDate="2018-10-09T12:24:40.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Оба выражения употреблялись с 1830-х.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пик употребления &quot;как нельзя более кстати&quot; приходится на 1860-е, потом выражение употреблялось всё реже. С 2010 года употреблений в Корпусе русского языка нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как нельзя кстати&quot; - сокращённая форма. До примерно 1975 года употреблялась редко. В последней четверти 20 века частота её употребления взлетела. Сокращённая форма вытеснила полную.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Графики:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%22%EA%E0%EA%20%ED%E5%EB%FC%E7%FF%20%E1%EE%EB%E5%E5%20%EA%F1%F2%E0%F2%E8%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;частота &quot;как нельзя более кстати&quot;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%22%EA%E0%EA%20%ED%E5%EB%FC%E7%FF%20%EA%F1%F2%E0%F2%E8%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;частота &quot;как нельзя кстати&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: то, что в Корпусе нет примеров употреблений полной формы с 2010, не значит, что она совсем вышла из употребления: и выражение (в обеих своих формах) не такое уж частое, и текстов в эти годы относительно немного. Но из двух форм полная встречается гораздо реже, чем сокращённая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2018-10-09T12:43:41.470" LastActivityDate="2018-10-09T12:43:41.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4557" CreationDate="2018-10-10T04:56:12.833" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The author of the question about that phrase almost found out the real meaning in his theory #3: &quot;Soviet newspapers in particular induce desperation on its readers, so they're better avoided&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the context of the story M. Bulgakov meant that most of soviet newspapers untill 1970-1980 were full of negative information, pretentious propaganda, latent western threat, &quot;the image of the enemy&quot;, many others, and glorification of Bolshevism in general. It was nothing but totally brainwashing and permanent effort to influence on public perception. Even &quot;positive&quot; news had the real meaning to praice Bolshevism. For example: &quot;Soviet combine driver Ivan Ivanov saved the life of the chipmunk while harvesting&quot;. What a gentleman!! What the nice Soviet ideology is!&#xA;Also some news had &quot;positive&quot; context but it was obvious that it could not make a person happy. For example: &quot;The Soviet Children's chorus performed the concert in the friendly German Democratic Republic&quot;. Ok. So what? Who cares? Are you serious?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way in the context of the story, Professor Preobrajensky didn't like the &quot;social revolution&quot; and Bolshevism at all. So he was against reading that newspapers.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11060" LastActivityDate="2018-10-10T04:56:12.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17276" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-10T09:29:19.793" Score="3" ViewCount="297" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian idiom сделать что-то &lt;strong&gt;на авось&lt;/strong&gt; is very interesting indeed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that it may be similar to the English idiom &lt;strong&gt;on the off-chance&lt;/strong&gt;, which means relying on the remote possibility &lt;em&gt;(if you can translate на авось into English better, I'll be grateful for your helpful suggestions).&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what is the origin of the idiom? And what is авось? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-10T13:03:37.413" LastActivityDate="2018-10-11T16:01:57.857" Title="The origin of &quot;на авось&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17276" CreationDate="2018-10-11T13:06:45.427" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some cases when &lt;code&gt;на авось&lt;/code&gt; doesn't mean relying on the off-chance. Instead, in about half cases it means carelessly leaving something to the chance when one shouldn't.  Examples from the first 10 in the ruscorpora.ru:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Светлана была ... поздним ребёнком, родилась случайно, вернее&#xA;  вынужденно: врачи запретили её матери делать очередной тридцать шестой&#xA;  аборт. Они и предыдущие тридцать пятый, и тридцать четвёртый, и&#xA;  двадцать шестой запрещали, но мать надеялась на авось ― и как-то&#xA;  обходилось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, abortions were dangerous, but the mother still did 35 abortions, and got away with it.  Most probably, the chance of bad outcome was small, maybe 10% or less. It is the serious consequences of bad outcome (possibly death) which justify the usage of &lt;code&gt;на авось&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Направо или налево? Описание маршрута показалось ему таким простым,&#xA;  что записывать поленился, подумал – и так запомнит, чего там. И не&#xA;  запомнил… Он решил действовать на авось и повернул налево.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The chance is 50:50.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не надейтесь на авось&#xA;  15 апреля в Новгородской области начинается всеобщая диспансеризация взрослого населения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, the chance of good outcome is higher than 50%, since most people are not sick. But for some people, the medical check-up may save their life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ночевка рядом с немецкой границей в Польше (в Польше на порядок&#xA;  дешевле). Нам ночь в мотеле на 5 обошлась около 1000 р. Отель только&#xA;  во Франкфурте бронировала заранее, и то не оплачивала а просто по&#xA;  электронке. В Дюссельдорф приехали на &quot;авось&quot;. Отель системы Холлидей&#xA;  Инн Экспресс, такой перевалочный пункт для транзитных пассажиров, но&#xA;  очень приличный и недорогой. Места всегда есть по факту. Так же по&#xA;  пути туда и обратно в Польше ничего не бронировали, приезжали и&#xA;  заселялись сразу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems the chance of good outcome here is close to 100%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прозвонщик ― это профессия, ― пояснил Родион, ― мелкий воришка,&#xA;  который действует безо всякого плана, полагаясь на авось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, the chance of &quot;good&quot; outcome (good from the thief's point of view, of course) should be much higher than 50%, otherwise he wouldn't be able to &quot;work&quot; like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translations in real texts do not use off-chance. Some examples from reverso.net:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ну, надеемся на авось - well, I guess we roll the dice  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;она прослушалась на авось - she had auditioned on a whim &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;положиться на авось и убить человека - to go with your gut and kill a person&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;не люблю надеяться на авось - I don't like leaving too much on chance &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;все живут одним днём в надежде на авось - all live one day a time&#xA;trusting to luck&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2018-10-11T16:01:57.857" LastActivityDate="2018-10-11T16:01:57.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17278" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17281" CreationDate="2018-10-12T12:18:47.573" Score="4" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;Когда и почему частица &quot;то&quot; добавляется к глаголам. См. пример:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты и ешь-то и пьёшь-то не вовремя, не тогда, когда есть и пить&#xA;  хочется, а от скуки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10593" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2018-10-12T13:09:22.200" LastActivityDate="2018-10-12T13:43:50.753" Title="Russian verb + &quot;то&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17279" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17282" CreationDate="2018-10-12T13:10:29.683" Score="9" ViewCount="389" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know the difference between &quot;&lt;em&gt;лошадь&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;конь&lt;/em&gt;&quot; - лошадь is a female horse and конь is a male horse. I also know that we should treat &quot;&lt;strong&gt;конный спорт&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; as a set expression. Thus, &quot;&lt;em&gt;лошадиный спорт&lt;/em&gt;&quot; would be wrong. Another horse collocation is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;лошадиный помёт&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. &quot;&lt;em&gt;Конный помёт&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is not that natural, I think. But why? Not only male horses are used in horse riding (as far as I know). And not only female horses, well, do their business.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is &lt;strong&gt;why is it often so necessary to distinguish between the two sexes when talking about horses?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even asking a simple question, like &quot;Do you ride a horse?”, we should think about which is more natural: Ты ездишь на коне? Ты ездишь на лошади? By the way, I was told that &quot;на лошади&quot; is more natural, but I have no idea why... I hope you can clarify it. Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2018-10-12T14:51:52.770" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T08:25:42.527" Title="О конях и лошадях" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17279" CreationDate="2018-10-12T13:25:51.103" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Конный спорт&quot; and &quot;лошадиный помет&quot; are just phrasemes/set phrases. Russian language does not have a word for a &quot;genderless&quot; horse so it &lt;strong&gt;has to be&lt;/strong&gt; either a &lt;em&gt;he-horse something&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;she-horse something&lt;/em&gt;. There is no any logical reason behind that, it's just impossible to say it in a gendreless way in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So don't think about it as a distinguishing between two horse sexes. It's not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2018-10-12T13:25:51.103" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17278" CreationDate="2018-10-12T13:37:52.320" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Частица &quot;то&quot; дополнительно употребляется после различных частей речи (&lt;strong&gt;и после глаголов тоже&lt;/strong&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;для подчёркивания и выделения в предложении слова, к которому относится&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Слушать-то слушал, да ничего не понял. Однако мост-то наш каков. Неужто-таки и грешные-то молитвы мои не доходили. Как-то милые в дальнем краю? Я-то понимаю. Ночь-то какая тёплая! Где-то он сейчас? Что дальше-то делать будешь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The particle &quot; то &quot; is additionally used after various parts of speech (&lt;strong&gt;and after verbs too&lt;/strong&gt; ) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;for underlining and highlighting in the sentence of the word to which it belongs&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2018-10-12T13:43:50.753" LastActivityDate="2018-10-12T13:43:50.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17279" CreationDate="2018-10-12T13:39:48.287" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Word &quot;конный&quot; is used for things that are somehow related to horses and the uses of horses for man's needs: &quot;конный двор&quot; (stables), &quot;конный завод&quot; (stud farm), &quot;конная тяга&quot; (horse traction), &quot;конный полк&quot; (cavalry regiment), &quot;конный разведчик&quot; (mounted scout) etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Words &quot;лошадиный&quot; and &quot;конский&quot; are used for things that are connected directly with the horses themselves as physical beings: &quot;лошадиный/конский череп&quot; (horse skull), &quot;лошадиное/конское ржание&quot; (horse neighing), &quot;лошадиный/конский помет&quot; (horse dung), &quot;лошадиная/конская доза&quot; (dose for a horse — an idiom meaning &quot;a large quantity&quot;). These two adjectives indicate different genders of the horse, and the default one (in cases where the horse's actual gender is unimportant) seems to be &quot;лошадиный&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope now you can see the difference in their usage better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9673" LastEditorUserId="7544" LastEditDate="2018-10-12T15:26:24.267" LastActivityDate="2018-10-12T15:26:24.267" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17279" CreationDate="2018-10-12T13:46:27.937" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Лошадь is a bigger notion than you stated, it describes the family of animals, comprising both he-horses, in other words жеребец or конь and she-horses кобыла in Russian. Конь is colloquial, because specialists would rather say жеребец and кобыла. As for collocations they appear in speech during the history and can't be explained mostly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-10-12T13:46:27.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17285" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-12T23:46:42.633" Score="3" ViewCount="283" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literally &quot;бедный родственник&quot; means &quot;poor relative&quot;. But it doesn't make much sense in the following context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что ты смотришь на меня &lt;strong&gt;как бедный родственник&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does this idiom mean? And what is its origin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T08:48:55.470" Title="The meaning of &quot;бедный родственник&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17286" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17291" CreationDate="2018-10-12T23:54:54.503" Score="8" ViewCount="184" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Заморить червячка&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is an idiom which can be loosely translated as &lt;em&gt;&quot;to get a bite to eat&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;&quot;to have a snack / to have something to eat&quot;.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which worm does the expression refer to? What is its origin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T08:06:46.563" Title="The origin of &quot;заморить червячка&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17287" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-13T00:17:55.923" Score="4" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a Russian word (not a long phrase) that describes a &quot;holdout&quot;? This word means someone who resists doing something themselves that most other people are in favor of, e.g., not leaving an area where a hurricane is approaching after the government tells everyone to depart, not surrendering at the end of a war when their side has lost (like the Japanese soldiers who hid in the jungles of the Pacific for years after 1945), or continuing to use blackboards when most others are okay with using whiteboards. I am not seeking a translation of &quot;luddite&quot; since that is more specific to refusing to accept changes in technology. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before posting here I asked several native speakers about this and either they  couldn't think of a translation or the suggestions I got were not considered accurate by others, such as консерватор, мракобес, and ретроград. If any native speaker reading this understands what a &quot;holdout&quot; is and can think of an accurate  translation, please let me know. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-13T10:12:32.323" LastActivityDate="2018-10-16T16:51:07.967" Title="Expressing the idea of a &quot;holdout&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17288" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17293" CreationDate="2018-10-13T00:24:52.360" Score="6" ViewCount="1946" Body="&lt;p&gt;Являются ли слова вроде &lt;code&gt;ферзь&lt;/code&gt; одушевлёнными?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С одной стороны, &lt;code&gt;ферзь&lt;/code&gt; отвечает на вопрос &quot;что&quot;, а не &quot;кто&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С другой, склоняется это существительное, по крайней мере в ед. ч., как одушевлённое: &lt;code&gt;потерял ферзя&lt;/code&gt;, а не &lt;code&gt;потерял ферзь&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А во множественном числе с числительным?  Как правильно: &lt;code&gt;потерять два ферзя&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;потерять двух ферзей&lt;/code&gt;? &lt;code&gt;Потерять две пешки/ладьи&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;потерять двух пешек/ладей&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И есть ли разница со слонами и конями?  Потерять два слона или потерять двух слонов?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Такое впечатление, что шахматные фигуры обладают свойствами и одушевлённых, и неодушевлённых существительных. И к тому же свойства разные для разных фигур. По-моему:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пешка и ладья - полностью неодушевленные: отвечают на вопрос &quot;что&quot;, с числительными ведут себя как неодушевленные, склонение в единственном числе не зависит от одушевленности&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;король, ферзь, слон, конь - обладают смесью признаков одушевленных и неодушевленных существительных: отвечают на вопрос &quot;что&quot;, с числительными ведут себя и так, и так, склонение в единственном числе как у одушевленных&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-13T10:12:20.477" LastActivityDate="2018-10-13T10:29:08.667" Title="Одушевлённость шахматных фигур" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17287" CreationDate="2018-10-13T02:50:09.263" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &lt;strong&gt;holdout&lt;/strong&gt; is someone who &lt;em&gt;refuses to agree or act with other people&lt;/em&gt; in a particular situation and &lt;em&gt;by doing so stops the situation from progressing&lt;/em&gt; or being resolved (the Collins Dictionary).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd say that the translation of the word into Russian depends on the context, and there may be no one word that would mean everything &quot;holdout&quot; means. The sentences below are taken from English-English dictionaries and next to them you can see my translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;France has been the &lt;strong&gt;holdout&lt;/strong&gt; in trying to negotiate an end to the dispute. - Франция &lt;strong&gt;не оказывает активного содействия&lt;/strong&gt; в попытках уладить спорный вопрос. (Perhaps, we could call France &quot;&lt;strong&gt;саботажник&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; переговоров, but it might be inappropriate.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It's time to shame &lt;strong&gt;holdouts&lt;/strong&gt; into signing the treaty. - Пора заставить &lt;strong&gt;уклонистов&lt;/strong&gt; подписать договор.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He says he might be a &lt;strong&gt;holdout&lt;/strong&gt; at the start of the next season if the team doesn't agree to pay him more. - Он говорит, что в начале следующего сезона может &quot;&lt;strong&gt;стать в позу&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, если ему не будут платить больше. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if you really need one word, I'd suggest &lt;strong&gt;саботажник&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;уклонист&lt;/strong&gt;. But sometimes idioms (e.g. стать в позу) or the use of не оказывать содействия/поддержки, оставаться в стороне, work better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2018-10-13T02:55:17.657" LastActivityDate="2018-10-13T02:55:17.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17285" CreationDate="2018-10-13T02:52:35.463" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase is actually quite close to its literal meaning. Poor relatives usually ask others in their family for support and help, so the phrase came to mean &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;someone who is humiliated, dependent on others&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://phraseology.academic.ru/10787/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is a dictionary source for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not know where specifically the phrase comes from, but Google's Ngram corpora show its usage as such:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/C4gjv.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/C4gjv.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Usage of &amp;quot;бедный родственник&amp;quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the earliest result being &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%20%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%22&amp;amp;tbm=bks&amp;amp;tbs=cdr:1,cd_min:1900,cd_max:1947&amp;amp;lr=lang_ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this almanac&lt;/a&gt; (Айдинг-гюнлер Альманах к 10-летию Туркменистана. 1924-1934. Юбилейнная комиссия ЦИК ТССР, 1934). The snippet is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В собственной кибитке он чувствует себя, как бедный родственник на свадьбе у богатого дяди. Может быть, в самом деле придет время, когда его посадят на женскую половину и заставят мыть посуду и месить тесто...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which translates to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In his own yurt he feels like a poor relative at the wedding of a rich uncle. Maybe, in fact, the time will come when they put him on the female half and make him wash the dishes and knead the dough...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-03-25T08:48:55.470" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T08:48:55.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17291" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17286" CreationDate="2018-10-13T02:59:05.933" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase is French in origin (&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;tuer le ver&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;) and referred originally to the drinking of alcohol on an empty stomach. This was supposed to quite literally &amp;quot;kill the worm&amp;quot; of the parasitic variety.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/tuer_le_ver&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; to the French Wiktionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T08:06:46.563" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T08:06:46.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17288" CreationDate="2018-10-13T08:59:52.740" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Являются ли слова вроде ферзь одушевлёнными?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;пешка, ладья&lt;/em&gt; are inanimate, all others (&lt;em&gt;конь, слон, король, ферзь&lt;/em&gt;) are animate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А во множественном числе с числительным? Как правильно: потерять два ферзя или потерять двух ферзей? Потерять две пешки/ладьи или потерять двух пешек/ладей?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;em&gt;потерять двух ферзей, потерять две пешки&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;потерять два ферзя&lt;/em&gt; is sometimes used colloquially as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal et al., 153.3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В вариантах &lt;em&gt;купить двух коров – купить две коровы, подстрелить трех уток – подстрелить три утки&lt;/em&gt; (при названиях животных в форме женского рода, когда речь идет об общем счете, купле-продаже) вторая форма имеет разговорный характер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This makes numerals with plural genitive a bad test for animacy. Using an adjective or a possessive pronoun would make a better test: &lt;em&gt;потерял своих ферзей / *потерял свои ферзи; потерял свои пешки / *потерял своих пешек&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that animacy is not an intrinsic property of a Russian noun, it can change with context: &lt;em&gt;изучать креветок / варить креветки&lt;/em&gt;. Let me quote another piece from Rosenthal's guide:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В различии форм &lt;em&gt;поймал трех рыбок – съел три рыбки&lt;/em&gt; сказывается то обстоятельство, что во втором случае имеется в виду кушанье, т.е. неодушевленность (ср.: &lt;em&gt;съесть кильки, сардины, шпроты&lt;/em&gt; – как нерасчлененный продукт; но: &lt;em&gt;съесть карасей, раков, цыплят&lt;/em&gt; – как единичные предметы). Возможные варианты: &lt;em&gt;есть креветок, устриц, пулярок – есть креветки, устрицы, пулярки&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Такие же колебания наблюдаются у существительных &lt;em&gt;матрешка, кукла, марионетка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(emphasis mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Chess pieces are not that unlike dolls or puppets, so I would not be surprised to hear something like &lt;em&gt;он делает шахматные короли и ферзи на токарном станке&lt;/em&gt; some day, although this is ungrammatical as of now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-10-13T10:29:08.667" LastActivityDate="2018-10-13T10:29:08.667" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17294" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-13T18:01:30.887" Score="1" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand &lt;em&gt;скачать&lt;/em&gt; is for &lt;em&gt;download&lt;/em&gt;, but what is the correct term for &lt;em&gt;install&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(по)ставить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastActivityDate="2018-10-15T12:36:30.233" Title="Russian verb for &quot;install (a PC application)&quot;" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17294" CreationDate="2018-10-13T18:04:02.627" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Установить/устанавливать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(По)Cтавить&lt;/strong&gt; can be used colloquially&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-10-13T18:04:02.627" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17296" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-14T13:28:25.223" Score="3" ViewCount="687" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;прекрасный вечер&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;прекрасная девушка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;красивый пейзаж&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if the choice depends on what noun follows?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-10-14T15:47:01.530" Title="When to use &quot;прекрасный&quot; and when to use &quot;красивый&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17296" CreationDate="2018-10-14T13:54:48.967" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Красивый&lt;/strong&gt; is more about appearance of things, good look, &lt;strong&gt;прекрасный&lt;/strong&gt; is about the spirit of things, the impression they inspire and feelings they evoke, their inner virtues, their effectiveness...   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А woman can be &lt;strong&gt;НEкрасивая&lt;/strong&gt; but &lt;strong&gt;прекрасная&lt;/strong&gt;... &lt;strong&gt;Прекрасный вечер&lt;/strong&gt; is about how it makes you feel, &lt;strong&gt;красивый вечер&lt;/strong&gt; is about how the surroundings look.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;This is the rule of thumb but there's a degree of overlap and interchangeability between them as well and probably there're some stable collocations where certain adjective is more idiomatic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Аt the same time &lt;strong&gt;красивый&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;strong&gt;прекрасный пейзаж&lt;/strong&gt; both mean more or less the same thing referring to the appearance with difference in degree of external beauty which is greater with &lt;strong&gt;прекрасный&lt;/strong&gt;. Speaking however of a painting, &lt;strong&gt;прекрасный&lt;/strong&gt; will rather refer to the workmanship and artistry of the painter, where beautiful is the work itself and not the depicted scenery. In this sense &lt;strong&gt;прекрасный&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;great&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both words are cognates of each other having &lt;strong&gt;крас&lt;/strong&gt; as their root. &lt;strong&gt;Красный&lt;/strong&gt; in its archaic meaning and &lt;strong&gt;красивый&lt;/strong&gt; are synonyms (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;красный угол&lt;/a&gt;, Красная площадь, красна девица). And in &lt;strong&gt;прекрасный&lt;/strong&gt; the quality denoted by the root &lt;strong&gt;крас&lt;/strong&gt; is amplified with the prefix &lt;strong&gt;пре-&lt;/strong&gt; which means beyond, over. So literally &lt;strong&gt;прекрасный&lt;/strong&gt; is simply &lt;em&gt;more beautiful&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;more good looking&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-14T15:47:01.530" LastActivityDate="2018-10-14T15:47:01.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17298" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-14T14:53:12.613" Score="6" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is again from the B2 exam that I am trying to prepare for. The question is:&#xA;Всесторонне обсудив тему...&#xA;А) работа была начата&#xA;Б) было произведено начало работ&#xA;В) можно начинать работу&#xA;Г) работа началась&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is В) the right answer? Would A) be correct if it was работа было начата? And would Г be correct if it was работа началось? Very confused about this one&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11012" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-29T08:10:37.287" LastActivityDate="2018-10-29T08:10:37.287" Title="Participle clause x main clause agreement" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;participle-clause&gt;&lt;adverbial-participle&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17298" CreationDate="2018-10-14T16:00:01.077" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian subject of &lt;a href=&quot;https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/intermediate-grammar/participle-clauses&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;participle clauses&lt;/a&gt; must agree with the subject of the main clause. But it's also simply logical and should be true for other languages as well, English in particular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;correct&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Выпив чаю, я отправился на работу  - Having drunk my tea I left for work&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;INcorrect&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; Выпив чаю, мне позвонили с работы  - Having drunk my tea a call from work came in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And only variant B adheres to this rule. The rest have different subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the given participle clause the subject is humans (because only humans are endowed with ability to discuss things), in the variants A, Б &amp;amp; Г on the other hand it's either работа (А, Г) or начало (Б). Variant B just like the participle clause implies humans because they're those who able to commence work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is admittedly difficult because variant B makes for an impersonal sentence where the subject isn't immediately evident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-10-14T17:12:53.953" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17298" CreationDate="2018-10-14T16:05:44.897" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question tests your ability to use adverbial participles (&lt;em&gt;деепричастия&lt;/em&gt;). They should be in agreement and not to be what English grammarians call &quot;dangling participles&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the most strict points of view, all the answers above are incorrect: the adverbial participle requires a subject, a verb, and the subject being the agent for both the verb and the participle in the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The adverbial clause here reads &quot;having thoroughly discussed the topic&quot;, so there has to be a subject and the subject should be the agent (something which did the discussion). In &lt;em&gt;А&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Г&lt;/em&gt; the subject is &lt;em&gt;работа&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;work&quot;), and it did not do the discussion, so those are incorrect. In &lt;em&gt;Б&lt;/em&gt;, the subject is &lt;em&gt;начало&lt;/em&gt;, and it's not an agent for the participle either (the beginning or work did not do the discussion). Finally, in &lt;em&gt;В&lt;/em&gt;, there is no subject at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the requirement for the existence of the subject can be relaxed. One of the most influential Russian style guides, &lt;em&gt;Справочник по правописанию, произношению, литературному редактированию&lt;/em&gt; by Rosenthal et al., suggests:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В ряде случаев возможно употребление деепричастного оборота, не выражающего действия подлежащего:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) если производитель действия, обозначенного деепричастием, совпадает с производителем действия, обозначенного другой глагольной формой (инфинитивом, причастием, деепричастием), например: &lt;em&gt;Автору было предложено внести в рукопись дополнения, учитывая изменения, происшедшие в жизни общества за последнее время; Ничем нельзя было удержать напора волн, нахлынувших на берег, сметая все на своем пути;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) в безличном предложении при инфинитиве, например: &lt;em&gt;Приходилось работать в трудных условиях, не имея в течение многих недель ни одного свободного дня для отдыха.&lt;/em&gt; Если же в безличном предложении нет инфинитива, к которому мог бы относиться деепричастный оборот, то употребление последнего стилистически неоправданно, например: &lt;em&gt;Уезжая из родного города, мне стало грустно; Прочитав вторично рукопись, редактору показалось, что она нуждается в серьезной доработке.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В&lt;/em&gt; makes an impersonal sentence with an infinitive, so the usage of &lt;em&gt;В&lt;/em&gt; is correct, at least, according to Rosenthal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-10-14T17:13:26.787" LastActivityDate="2018-10-14T17:13:26.787" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17301" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-14T19:55:43.467" Score="3" ViewCount="269" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;остаться здесь &lt;strong&gt;навсегда&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;уснуть &lt;strong&gt;навеки&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;навек&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вовеки&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;вовек&lt;/strong&gt; не забуду&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;любить тебя &lt;strong&gt;вечно&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тhey can all translate as &amp;quot;forever&amp;quot; in English, but they each seem to match better with some ideas than the others do. How can I determine when to use each one? How are they nuanced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And about the extra letter &amp;quot;и&amp;quot;... I wonder if &amp;quot;навеки/навек&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;вовеки/вовек&amp;quot; are simply interchangeable respectively?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-10-15T15:11:53.417" Title="&quot;навсегда&quot;, &quot;навек(и)&quot;, &quot;вовек(и)&quot;, &quot;вечно&quot;: When to use each one?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17301" CreationDate="2018-10-14T20:58:13.010" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вовеки&lt;/strong&gt; is mostly used with negated verb in which case it means &lt;em&gt;never&lt;/em&gt;.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When negation accompanies the rest of them, be it applied to the verb or to the adverb, in most cases what essentially is negated is the adverb itself to mean &lt;em&gt;not forever&lt;/em&gt;, without creating the meaning of &lt;em&gt;never&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Навеки&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;(на)вечно&lt;/strong&gt; are cognates with the root being &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;век&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The choice may depend on the aspect of the verb (&lt;em&gt;im/perfective&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Остаться здесь &lt;strong&gt;навсегда/навеки/навечно&lt;/strong&gt; BUT оставаться здесь&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;всегда/вечно&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Любить тебя &lt;strong&gt;всегда/вечно&lt;/strong&gt; BUT полюбить тебя&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;навсегда/навеки/навечно&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Уснуть&lt;/strong&gt; is not so straightforward as in its imperfective aspect the choice of adverb depends on the actual meaning&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Уснуть/засыпать &lt;strong&gt;навсегда/навеки/навечно&lt;/strong&gt; - to fall/to be falling asleep for good&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Всегда/вечно&lt;/strong&gt; засыпать - to be falling asleep every time/to always fall asleep&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-15T15:11:53.417" LastActivityDate="2018-10-15T15:11:53.417" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17303" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17305" CreationDate="2018-10-15T03:51:23.613" Score="6" ViewCount="625" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was taking my ten week Russian course years ago, I ran across an MP3 with sample sounds. The pair that got me very worried was Борис vs Борись. At the time, I could hear only the vaguest difference between those sounds, much less be able to reliably pronounce them.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recently I was wondering how common it is in Russian that two words differ only by a soft sign. Is that rare, not uncommon, or does it happen all the time? Is there any list of words like this somewhere? I was thinking of developing a list and saying one of the pair to a native speaker and asking them which one I said, and having them say a random choice and me telling them what I heard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember reading about how close the French words for &quot;over&quot; and &quot;under&quot; sound (both sound like &quot;desous&quot;), and that French orators tend to avoid using them because it is hard to make sure everyone hears the right word over a PA system, etc. Does the same thing happen in Russian, or is the difference really obvious to the native Russian ear? Or does Russian encode words differing only in a soft sign with wildly different meaning so the correct word is heard easily in context? (Apparently, Борись is archaic.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These days when I meet a native Russian speaker, I often ask them to pronounce Борис vs Борись, so I can again marvel at how subtle the difference is to this native English speaker's ear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11073" LastEditorUserId="11073" LastEditDate="2018-11-13T05:18:46.683" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T05:18:46.683" Title="Pairs of words differing only in a soft sign" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17303" CreationDate="2018-10-15T04:49:39.473" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that there are not so many Russian words like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are a few pairs I can think of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мол - моль &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ролл - роль (the spelling differs a lot but the sound at the end is very similar - the only difference is the l' sound at the end of роль)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кров - кровь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вонь - вон&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Коп - копь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Зор - зорь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мороз - морозь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, there may be more examples. If I remember some more, I promise to edit my answer adding the pair(s). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for understanding which word is being said, I don't think it's too hard. I can't remember a time when I or someone I know had such problems.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2018-10-15T05:57:07.960" LastActivityDate="2018-10-15T05:57:07.960" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17303" CreationDate="2018-10-15T05:20:33.180" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The vowels in &lt;code&gt;dessous&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;dessus&lt;/code&gt; are clearly different - like &lt;strong&gt;u&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;code&gt;full&lt;/code&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;u&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;code&gt;dude&lt;/code&gt;. Unless you pronounce &lt;code&gt;dude&lt;/code&gt; like &lt;code&gt;dood&lt;/code&gt; there shouldn't be any confusion between 'below' and 'above' in French.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a clear difference to a Russian speaker between the consonants with and without the soft sign. &lt;code&gt;Конь&lt;/code&gt; sounds different from &lt;code&gt;кон&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;даль&lt;/code&gt; sounds different from &lt;code&gt;дал&lt;/code&gt;. &#xA;Palatalized vs non-palatalized consonant is easily audible for a native speaker. There might be more combination like that, but it's the only one I can think of that comes up often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact the only two words that sound very similar and often have to be repeated loudly in Russian that I can think of are &lt;code&gt;Июнь&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Июль&lt;/code&gt;, but it's because of &lt;strong&gt;l&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;n&lt;/strong&gt; sounding similar in that particular combination, especially when pronounced quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Try saying &lt;code&gt;Ron&lt;/code&gt;, then &lt;code&gt;Ronnie&lt;/code&gt;. And try to cut off the 'ie' from Ronnie while keeping the trailing soft sound after the 'n'. It sounds as if you were going to pronounce 'e' or 'i' after a consonant but changed your way at the very last moment and the vowel got cut off, leaving consonant sounding different than normally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Find an audio of &lt;code&gt;дельфин&lt;/code&gt; In Russian. Don't worry about the stress (it's on the second syllable), just listen to the &lt;strong&gt;l&lt;/strong&gt; sound and compare it with &lt;strong&gt;l&lt;/strong&gt; in English &lt;code&gt;dolphin&lt;/code&gt;. You can use Google Translate, the pronunciation is alright there. It might not be clear if you're not used to the sound, but once you get it, you shouldn't be confused afterwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This video starts right at the chorus. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/FqB-m0dKO-g?t=78&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/FqB-m0dKO-g?t=78&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;At the second line (repeated throughout) there are two words with and without soft sign after &lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt; -  &lt;code&gt;память&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;лет&lt;/code&gt;. The singer cuts off 't' very nicely so &lt;code&gt;лет&lt;/code&gt; has a very nice short &lt;strong&gt;hard т&lt;/strong&gt; sound, (while &lt;code&gt;память&lt;/code&gt; has a &lt;strong&gt;soft t&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="10749" LastEditDate="2018-10-15T18:56:31.443" LastActivityDate="2018-10-15T18:56:31.443" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17306" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17303" CreationDate="2018-10-15T08:06:01.597" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a widely recognized point of view that one can claim that phoneme exist or does not exist in language (that said, is not distinguishable for a native speaker) that there exist a pair of meaningful words in that language such that they differ only by having or not having that phoneme.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my personal opinion this requirement is too strict and quite often such phoneme exist if there's no such pair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, talking specifically about Russian and palatalized consonants - rest assured, they are distinguishable and in order to learn Russian one need to be able both distinguish palatalization both orally and audibly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ironically for Russian speakers palatalizing consonants that do not have palatalized counterpart in modern Russian (that is, &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ц&lt;/code&gt;) is much as difficult as it to, say, English speaker. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-15T08:25:11.260" LastActivityDate="2018-10-15T08:25:11.260" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17307" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-15T11:02:21.020" Score="5" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a little unclear on this phrase's meaning. Does it describe the state of a swimmer jumping headlong into a pool, for example? Do you need to use  instrumental case 'с головой (with your head)', not genitive case 'с/из/от головы (from your head)'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-15T11:03:54.123" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T21:09:21.233" Title="&quot;Уйти под воду с головой&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17307" CreationDate="2018-10-15T11:06:40.993" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means to &quot;to go under water completely&quot; and de-facto is used sometimes not only for human beings but for inanimate objects as well (you can google for instance &quot;Забайкалье с головой уходит под воду&quot;) - but that would be a mistake. So yes, it has quite a literal meaning - to go under water with head [covered with water] and yes, it's with instrumental case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's one related idiom it worth to know about - &lt;code&gt;уйти с головой&lt;/code&gt; (dedicate you completely to something) - like in &lt;code&gt;уйти с головой в работу&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of usages you've mentioned:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;С головы&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;starting from the head&quot;, like in &quot;рыба гниёт с головы&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Из головы&lt;/code&gt; stands for &quot;out of head&quot;, like in &quot;никак не выкинуть её из головы&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;От головы&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;from head&quot;, like in &quot;от головы до шеи&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-15T12:13:47.493" LastActivityDate="2018-10-15T12:13:47.493" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17294" CreationDate="2018-10-15T12:08:42.117" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Установить&lt;/strong&gt; would be the most widely used one. Literally, &quot;to set up&quot;. &lt;strong&gt;Установка&lt;/strong&gt; - Setup, installation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Less commonly used is also a direct loanword &lt;strong&gt;инсталлировать, инсталляция&lt;/strong&gt;. You might use this when you want to be more specific about the type of setup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-10-15T12:08:42.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17294" CreationDate="2018-10-15T12:18:53.003" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Answers provided are correct I just want to mentioned yet another verb used casually - &lt;code&gt;заинсталлить&lt;/code&gt; (or just &lt;code&gt;заинсталить&lt;/code&gt; since double consonants are relatively rare in Russian), like in following phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нужно заинсталлить сертификат.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При инсталляции Акробата есть предложение заинсталлить и принтер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a sidenote - there's even &lt;code&gt;отынсталить&lt;/code&gt;, though it used less often. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-15T12:36:30.233" LastActivityDate="2018-10-15T12:36:30.233" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17301" CreationDate="2018-10-15T12:58:32.670" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Good answers in terms of meaning. I would add that both &lt;strong&gt;навеки&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;вовеки&lt;/strong&gt; aren't really used in casual speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Навеки&lt;/strong&gt; is quite formal or bookish and I haven't heard &lt;strong&gt;вовеки&lt;/strong&gt; outside of poems, songs, anthems or religious texts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;strong&gt;навсегда&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;вечно&lt;/strong&gt; are pretty neutral, both used causally and formally. Their difference is &lt;strong&gt;навсегда&lt;/strong&gt; is more like &quot;from now and forever,&quot; as in forever but starting now, or from some point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они там останутся навсегда&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;They will stay there forever&lt;/em&gt; (after probably arriving from elsewhere)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вечно&lt;/strong&gt;, on the other hand doesn't really imply a beginning, in usage it's more like &quot;always&quot;. Something is always like that, unchanged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты вечно молчишь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;You're always silent&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if used in the future tense, it could be the same as &lt;strong&gt;навсегда&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они будут стоять здесь вечно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;They will stand here forever&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;they will always stand here&lt;/em&gt; (this can mean from now on)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-10-15T12:58:32.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17307" CreationDate="2018-10-16T09:09:28.570" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;For diver - an intended action - it would usually be &quot;submerge&quot;, &quot;погрузиться с головой&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;уйти с головой&quot; idiom has a tint of something unexpected happening. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like a child after rain was running in the street, splashing the puddles, but one so pretty puddle only seemed small but was actually deep, and the kid suddenly &quot;went down all way with his head&quot;. Or a car falling from a bridge due to driver's mishap. Or a winter ice over a river suddenly cracking behind you while you believed it is thick and solid all the way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not always so, for example &quot;уйти с головой в работу&quot; is about purposely tuning out the world around you, not some strange occurrence. But in many enough use cases this tint would be present, so be aware.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2018-10-16T09:09:28.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17287" CreationDate="2018-10-16T16:51:07.967" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;We would use such adjectives as упорный (both with negative and positive connotation), несгибаемый (positive), упёртый (negative &amp;amp; colloquial), закоренелый (negative, e.x. закоренелый преступник), непреклонный (positive), стойкий (positive), and then a noun. &#xA;A separate noun seems to be lacking. &#xA;Also, some of the above adjectives can be used in a shortened form: &#xA;Он был упорен (несгибаем, непреклонен, стоек). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-10-16T16:51:07.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17285" CreationDate="2018-10-16T17:00:06.550" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The previous answer is brilliant, but I would like to add that a poor relative is also shy and humble, he just looks at you and keeps silent, sits at the corner of a table or stands in the door. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-10-16T17:00:06.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17279" CreationDate="2018-10-16T17:34:47.893" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A male horse is &lt;strong&gt;жеребец&lt;/strong&gt; if he is... well, functioning, &#xA;and &lt;strong&gt;мерин&lt;/strong&gt; if he is emasculated. &#xA;A female horse is &lt;strong&gt;кобыла&lt;/strong&gt;. In literature you can also come across &lt;strong&gt;кобылица&lt;/strong&gt;, that is just the same. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Лошадь&lt;/strong&gt; is a more common word denoting horse, though it is feminine, but it can be used talking about that animal in general. E.g. &lt;strong&gt;табун лошадей&lt;/strong&gt; means a herd of horses of either sex. &#xA;Конь is also a common word, but it is masculine. In the song &quot;Ходят кони над рекою, ищут кони водопою&quot; there's no idea whether they are stallions, geldings or mares. They are just horses. But if you know that it is a mare, you would rather say &lt;strong&gt;лошадь&lt;/strong&gt; than &lt;strong&gt;конь&lt;/strong&gt; about the animal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some set expressions in which these words are NOT interchangeable, e.g. &#xA;бред сивой кобылы;&#xA;врёт, как сивый мерин;&#xA;конь германский (colloquial); &#xA;конь в пальто (colloquial); &#xA;тёмная лошадка; &#xA;тягловая лошадь. &#xA;Just as you say &quot;nightmare&quot;, but not &quot;nighthorse&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Btw, &lt;strong&gt;конский навоз&lt;/strong&gt;. Here &lt;strong&gt;лошадиный навоз&lt;/strong&gt; is also possible. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-10-17T08:25:42.527" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T08:25:42.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17144" CreationDate="2018-10-16T18:11:55.110" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В последнее время мы все много чего услышали о фейк-новостях и о том, что ныне мы живем в эпоху &quot;постправды&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Этот вариант звучит, на мой взгляд, лучше и, наверное, грамотнее чем второй. Хотя, отмечу, что &quot;МНОГО ЧЕГО&quot; не характерно для официального стиля. Это характерно для разговорной речи. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примеры: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Много чего я слышал, но такое слышу впервые. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Будет сказано много чего на этой встречи, но всё то многое, что будет сказано, не будет играть ни какой роли в твоей работе. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А ты много чего знаешь? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Все примеры находятся на грани простонародного стиля. Они верные, но характерны для людей не утруждающих себя изящностью речи. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В последнее время мы все многое услышали о фейк-новостях и о том, что ныне мы живем в эпоху &quot;постправды&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Многое&lt;/strong&gt; здесь мне не нравится, так как &lt;strong&gt;многое&lt;/strong&gt; лучше звучит, когда есть с чем сравнить это многое. То есть: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Многое, из того что нам говорили о фейковых новостях, мы услышали, но кое-что не услышали. &#xA;Многое уже услышано (из того, что было сказано).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думаю, второе предложение нужно изменить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В последнее время мы все много слышали о фейк-новостях и о том, что ныне мы живем в эпоху &quot;постправды&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Услышали&lt;/strong&gt; мне тоже не очень нравится. Услышали хорошо использовать если к вам кто-то обращался. А слышали, это вы сами слушали, но лично к вам никто не обращался.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="973" LastActivityDate="2018-10-16T18:11:55.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17319" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-16T20:45:42.157" Score="2" ViewCount="80" Body="&lt;p&gt;В фразе &quot;Cмогли бы создать сервис-конкурент?&quot;, где &lt;code&gt;сервис-конкурент&lt;/code&gt; означает &quot;сервис, который является (являлся бы) конкурентом - нужно ли тут писать тире или дефис?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11082" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-17T07:04:51.350" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T07:04:51.350" Title="Tире или дефис в &quot;сервис - конкурент&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17279" CreationDate="2018-10-16T20:49:26.297" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Part of the problem is that those two words aren't even the original gender distinctions (as pointed out above with the actual horse breeder terms like жеребец and кобыла).&#xA;Конь was the original Slavic word and лошадь is a loanword from Tatar for roughly same thing (I think). In Turkic languages that word seems to have had a meaning generic enough to end up now meaning things from &quot;pack horse&quot; to &quot;foal&quot; to &quot;camel&quot;.&#xA;It happens to sound like a feminine word in Russian, so it became one. &#xA;Separating the two by carving out their niches was the result of a series of historical stylistic trends and fashions and grasping them might just be a matter of getting the feel of it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11083" LastActivityDate="2018-10-16T20:49:26.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17319" CreationDate="2018-10-16T21:04:07.747" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Дефис. &lt;code&gt;сервис-конкурент&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тире - это знак синтаксиса, который участвует в формировании предложения, заменяя пропущеный или подразумеваемый член, а здесь просто слово, состоящее из двух частей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дефис в русской письменности&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Правила, регламентирующие раздельное — дефисное — слитное написание,&#xA;  содержат множество исключений, которые указаны в словарях. Вот&#xA;  некоторые случаи дефисного написания:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;составные слова (горе-охотник, луна-парк, Ага-хан, генерал-майор,&#xA;  жар-птица, пиар-акция, киловатт-час, Санкт-Петербург, интернет-сайт,&#xA;  онлайн-голосование);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%81#%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Источник&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-10-16T21:04:07.747" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4566" CreationDate="2018-10-17T11:43:40.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The closest synonyms are всё же, всё-таки, уж точно (probably exactly), and наверняка. &#xA;I would translate it as &lt;em&gt;somehow&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;I'm sure&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;at least&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;they say&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;by the way&lt;/em&gt;, perhaps. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T11:43:40.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17325" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-17T18:35:22.433" Score="4" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which preposition is correct to use with 'все в порядке'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-18T11:55:27.430" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T11:55:27.430" Title="&quot;У меня все в порядке&quot; or &quot;со мной все в порядке&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17325" CreationDate="2018-10-17T19:22:09.413" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both prepositions are correct, depending on meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;у меня все в порядке&quot; means &quot;I'm doing fine&quot;, &quot;Things are all right&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;со мной все в порядке&quot; means &quot;I'm good&quot; (not hurt, not gone crazy)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T19:22:09.413" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17327" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-17T20:25:21.210" Score="1" ViewCount="102" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ты &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;выбрал&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, если тебе &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;надо было бы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; писать видео про это каждый день? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I understand correctly, 'Что бы ты выбрал' can mean both 'what would you choose' in present conditional and 'what would you have chosen' in past conditional, depending on contexts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But can the same thing be said about &quot;надо было бы&quot;? Can it be both 'if you had to write' in present conditional and 'if you'd had to write' in past conditional, depending on contexts?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastActivityDate="2018-10-19T08:00:11.660" Title="'Надо было бы' - present or past conditional?" Tags="&lt;tense&gt;&lt;conditional&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17327" CreationDate="2018-10-17T21:44:57.983" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The conditional mood in Russian is 'timeless'. Specific time references may be needed to resolve the ambiguity:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt; у меня &lt;em&gt;был&lt;/em&gt; миллион долларов... If I had a million dollars...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt; у меня &lt;strong&gt;год назад&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;был&lt;/em&gt; миллион долларов... If I had had a million dollars a year ago...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, motion verbs do carry some temporal meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если бы мне не надо было &lt;strong&gt;ходить&lt;/strong&gt; на работу... If I didn't have (hadn't had) to go to work &lt;strong&gt;every day&lt;/strong&gt;...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если бы мне не надо было &lt;strong&gt;идти&lt;/strong&gt; на работу... If I didn't have to go to work &lt;strong&gt;now&lt;/strong&gt;...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-10-17T21:44:57.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17329" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17330" CreationDate="2018-10-18T03:28:31.503" Score="5" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's an acceptable way to make a statement while at the same time expressing some uncertainty about that statement / giving an indication that's it's only your opinion? i.e. the Russian equivalent of adding an extra &quot;I think&quot; to an independent clause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, take this (admittedly clunky) English sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'm talking about something that I think she already knows.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;My ideas for how to translate into Russian would be something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я говорю о том, которое по-моему она уже знает.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я говорю о том, которое я думаю что она уже знает.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я говорю о том, которое она уже знает ли.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But none of them seem quite correct. What would be the correct  way of adding &quot;I think&quot; to that second clause?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7611" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T09:37:38.290" Title="Expressing uncertainty while making a statement (I think...)" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17330" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17329" CreationDate="2018-10-18T06:45:47.530" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я говорю о том, &lt;strike&gt;которое&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;strong&gt;ЧТО&lt;/strong&gt; она &lt;strong&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; по-моему &lt;strong&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; уже знает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я говорю о том, &lt;strike&gt;которое&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;strong&gt;ЧТО&lt;/strong&gt; она &lt;strong&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; я думаю &lt;strong&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt;  уже знает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ОR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я говорю о том, что она, (как) мне кажется, уже знает&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stylistically such insert phrase sounds better after &lt;strong&gt;она&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct conjunction here is not &lt;strong&gt;которое&lt;/strong&gt;, but &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Которое&lt;/strong&gt; would be correct if the main clause explicitly contained an object in Neuter gender and not just pointed at it with the demonstrative pronoun &lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt;, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я говорю о том &lt;strong&gt;деле&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;которое&lt;/strong&gt; она, (как) мне кажется, уже &lt;em&gt;видела&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T07:06:23.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17329" CreationDate="2018-10-18T06:46:14.543" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;I'm talking about something that I think she already knows&quot; could be translated like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я говорю о том, о чём она, &lt;strong&gt;кажется&lt;/strong&gt;, уже знает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я говорю о том, о чём она, &lt;strong&gt;по-моему&lt;/strong&gt;, уже знает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я говорю о том, о чём она, &lt;strong&gt;как мне кажется&lt;/strong&gt;, уже знает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я говорю о том, о чём она уже, &lt;strong&gt;по всей видимости&lt;/strong&gt;, знает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, &quot;Я говорю о том, о чём...&quot; is the same as &quot;Я говорю о том, что...&quot; in this sentence because we can say &lt;em&gt;знать что-то&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;знать о чём-то.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All these phrases in bold can be used at end of the sentence, that is after &quot;знает&quot;, after &quot;уже&quot;, or in the position I have used them in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2018-10-18T06:51:24.167" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T06:51:24.167" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17333" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17334" CreationDate="2018-10-18T08:26:09.053" Score="4" ViewCount="336" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a Russian proverb which could be used for saying that when at home, in a place one knows very well, or in a comfort zone, anyone is likely to win/achieve success? For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Команда будет играть на домашнем стадионе. Что ж, у ребят хорошие шансы на победу. ... (the proverb). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты только дома такой борзый. За границей - никогда. ... (the proverb). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты так хорошо разбираешься в этом! - Да, нет. Просто ... (the proverb). Это же - моя сфера. Я этим занимаюсь всю жизнь. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastActivityDate="2018-10-19T12:40:41.333" Title="Proverb for succeeding when in a comfort zone" Tags="&lt;пословицы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17333" CreationDate="2018-10-18T08:30:17.457" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, I actually can think of three, not one idiom that can be used (they are not interchangeable, each of them is applicable only for one of examples provided in the question):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Команда  будет играть на своём стадионе. Что ж, у ребят хорошие шансы на победу - &lt;strong&gt;дома, как говорится, и стены помогают&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The next one is the quite odd and on of my Russian favorites (though I love dogs ))) - &quot;собаку съесть [на&#xA;чём-то, в какой-либо теме] - literally &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;to eat a dog&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты так хорошо разбираешься в этом! - Да, нет. Просто я &lt;strong&gt;же на этом собаку съел&lt;/strong&gt;. Это же - моя сфера. Я этим занимаюсь всю жизнь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last one is less exact however very close:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты только дома такой борзый. За границей - никогда. В общем, &lt;strong&gt;смелый ты только, когда никто не видит&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-18T08:49:33.320" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T08:49:33.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17335" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17329" CreationDate="2018-10-18T09:37:38.290" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to add to the answers provided yet another form quite often used colloquially - it's &lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/dic_synonims/159923/%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;сдаётся мне&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, like in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я говорю о том, о чём, &lt;strong&gt;сдаётся мне&lt;/strong&gt;, она уже знает. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also colloquial:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я говорю о том, о чём, &lt;strong&gt;как по мне&lt;/strong&gt;, она уже знает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More bookish but actually also used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я говорю о том, о чём, &lt;strong&gt;думается мне&lt;/strong&gt;, она уже знает. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also bookish and quite lengthy but also quite used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я говорю о том, о чём, &lt;strong&gt;насколько я могу судить&lt;/strong&gt;, она уже знает. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T09:37:38.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8867" CreationDate="2018-10-18T12:57:49.683" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не очень поняла, почему же это проблема - найти для себя русско-польский и польско-русский словари. По крайней мере в формате pdf их можно найти в сети. Знаю, что очень неплохой словарь - это под ред. И. Х. Дворецкого &quot;Настольный русско-польский словарь&quot;  (Podreczny slownik rosyjsko-polski) 1961 года издания (скачать можно &lt;a href=&quot;http://babylonians.narod.ru/polish/dict.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;отсюда&lt;/a&gt;). К каждому слову множество примеров употребления, словосочетания, фразеологические обороты. Словари Дворецкого всегда хороши. Если из более современных, то Wiełki slownik polsko-rosyjski (Д.Гессен, Р. Стыпула) на 80 тыс. слов и Wiełki slownik rosyjsko-polski (А. Мирович, И. Дулевич, И. Грек-Пабис, И. Марыняк). &#xA;Полагаю, чтобы понять, какой словарь Вам больше подходит и устроит наилучшим образом, надо посмотреть их самому. А вообще, я считаю, чем больше словарей имеешь, тем лучше. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11090" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T12:57:49.683" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-10-18T13:06:00.377" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17337" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17338" CreationDate="2018-10-18T13:46:15.950" Score="0" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is in regards to Nicholas J. Brown's &lt;em&gt;New Penguin&lt;/em&gt; book, page 336.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There, the author offers 3 alternatives, mainly the first 2 to show the difference between который and long-form past passive participles (PPP). But the 3rd sentence confuses me in relation to the 2nd because the short-form PPP in the 2nd is plural, and the associated past-tense verb in the 3rd is singular (masculine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(in the 3rd sentence, the subject of the relative clause [from который] is the author, автор, which is obviously masculine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Во всех книгах, написанных этим автором до 39-го года, есть интересные женщины.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1a. In all the books written by this author before 1939 there are interesting women.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Во всех книгах, которые были написаны этим автором до 39-го года, есть интересные женщины.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2a. In all the books, which were written by this author before 1939, are interesting women.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Во всех книгах, которые написал этот автор до 39-го года, есть интересные женщины.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3a. In all the books, which this author wrote before 1939, are interesting women.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know, for example: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/13746/interrogative-pronouns-taking-different-case-than-its-noun/13748#13748&quot;&gt;Interrogative pronouns taking different case than it&amp;#39;s noun&lt;/a&gt; that который agrees in &lt;em&gt;number and gender&lt;/em&gt; with the noun it modifies (in the main clause), and agrees in &lt;em&gt;case&lt;/em&gt; with the function it has in the subordinate clause. So in both the 2nd and 3rd sentences, который is in the nominative, since it answers the question &quot;what?&quot; (right?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But my question is in regards to the PPP and past-tense verb. If my English translations are correct; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2b. The PPP is plural because the object of what was written are the book&lt;strong&gt;s&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3b. The past-tense verb in the subordinate clause is singular because the author is masculine and singular - &lt;strong&gt;why?&lt;/strong&gt;. &#xA;    If I constructed a sentence without the subordinate clause, about a book I wrote, I would say,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3b1. Я написал эту книгу. -- I wrote the book. (assuming I am male)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3b2. Я написал эти книги. -- I wrote the books. (assuming I am male)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3b3. They wrote the book. -- Они написали эту книгу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3b4. They wrote the books. -- Они написали эти книги.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One last question... the past-tense verb in the 3rd sentence is transitive and so should have an object, despite it being in a subordinate clause(? - Does the subordinate clause have to have an object?). The only object I see to the verb &quot;to write&quot; is the plural books...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-18T14:38:34.630" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T14:54:41.207" Title="Different 'number' in verb of relative clause using который" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;participle&gt;&lt;clauses&gt;&lt;participle-clause&gt;&lt;subordinate-clause&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17337" CreationDate="2018-10-18T14:54:41.207" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;КоторЫЕ&lt;/strong&gt; is in Nominative in the sentence #2 (subject &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;книги&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) but in Accusative in the sentence #3 (the subject is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;этот автор&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; while &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;книги&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is the object), but in both cases it's &lt;strong&gt;которЫЕ&lt;/strong&gt; since this inflexion fits both grammatical cases Nominative and Accusative which are used for subject and object in plural respectively, it refers to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;книги&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, because they're the subject of the main clause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;...&lt;em&gt;my main question was about написать... why plural in #2 and masc.,&#xA;  sing. in #3.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since predicate (the verb) always agrees with the subject, in #2 it's in plural (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;были написаны&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) because the subject is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;книги&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, whereas in #3 it's in singular masculine (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;написал&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;) because the subject is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;этот автор&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T14:54:41.207" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13103" CreationDate="2018-10-18T18:30:42.447" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Когда я был молодым&lt;/strong&gt; sounds better, but &lt;strong&gt;когда я был молодой&lt;/strong&gt; is also possible in the same meaning. But the former sounds more proper, while the latter is sooner colloquial. There is also a third possibility, &lt;strong&gt;когда я был молод&lt;/strong&gt;, which sounds a bit bookish and outdated, but it vividly reveals the fact that the speaker is no longer young. ) &#xA;If a not yet old man says &quot;когда я был молод (и горяч)&quot;, he does it for the sake of humour. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T18:30:42.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17340" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-18T21:04:05.163" Score="2" ViewCount="323" Body="&lt;p&gt;Choosing between &quot;я на тебя удивляюсь&quot; and &quot;я тебе удивляюсь&quot; - which is correct as the object of the verb &lt;code&gt;удивляться&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-18T22:00:36.943" LastActivityDate="2018-10-20T11:01:43.147" Title="&quot;Я на тебя удивляюсь&quot; or &quot;я тебе удивляюсь&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17307" CreationDate="2018-10-18T21:09:21.233" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess (not knowing the context) in this case it has a very simple meaning like “to dive/ go under water completely” - first your legs, then body with arms and only then your head.” &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case you use с головой в работу then it has a little bit different meaning like “to dedicate yourself to the work completely” it has a parallel with diving... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11092" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T21:09:21.233" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17340" CreationDate="2018-10-18T21:59:22.850" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Both forms are valid but whenever you are in doubts - prefer &quot;я тебе удивляюсь&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well quite often it is stated that correct form is &quot;я тебе удивляюсь&quot;, and any editor will cringe encountering &quot;я на тебя удивляюсь&quot;. However this is not true at all. It's not only de-facto colloquial usage - &quot;удивляться на кого-то, что-то&quot; one can &lt;a href=&quot;https://upravlenie.academic.ru/2367/%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;find in classic literature&lt;/a&gt;, like in &quot;Нехлюдов удивлялся сам на себя&quot;. Or, here's another &lt;a href=&quot;http://az.lib.ru/l/lejkin_n_a/text_1903_kupetz_prishel_oldorfo.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но я удивляюсь на тебя, Лев. Куда девался твой гонор, твоя амбиция! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-18T22:06:32.030" LastActivityDate="2018-10-18T22:06:32.030" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17343" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-19T03:24:34.713" Score="6" ViewCount="633" Body="&lt;p&gt;So, I have read &lt;a href=&quot;https://color-wheel-artist.com/hue/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article about color theory&lt;/a&gt; that explains the meaning of several English words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hue: any Primary or Secondary color other than white or black, which means Yellow, Orange, Red, Violet, Blue and Green, but can also mean a mixture of those six. Pure black and white do not contain any hue. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tint: a hue with some white color added, but totally no black.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shade: a hue with some black added, but totally no white.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Tone: a hue with some gray added, in other words -- a hue with black and white added. Can have different &quot;value&quot;, which likely means &quot;the amount of gray added&quot;, but not sure about this word.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, what I am looking for is the Russian translation of those four terms. Multitran translates &quot;hue&quot; as &quot;цвет, оттенок, тон&quot;, &quot;tint&quot; as  &quot;краска, оттенок, тон, колорит&quot;, &quot;tone&quot; as &quot;оттенок, тон&quot;, and &quot;shade&quot; as &quot;оттенок, градация&quot;, with many unrelated words shown as possible translations for each four of the terms discussed. Context.Reverso basically translates all of them as &quot;оттенок&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian Wikipedia translates &quot;hue&quot; as &quot;тон&quot;; &quot;tone (color)&quot; redirects to &quot;brightness&quot; in the English Wikipedia, which is translated as &quot;светлота&quot; in the Russian one, and &quot;tone color&quot; (no parenthesis!) redirects to Timbre, translated as &quot;Тембр&quot;, &quot;Tint&quot; and &quot;Shade (color)&quot; both redirect to &quot;Tints and shades&quot;, having no link to the Russian Wikipedia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, there is no consistency in translating those words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So, what is the correct way to call Hues, Tints, Shades, and Tones in Russian in a way that distinguishes one from another as defined above and makes you sound like someone who understands what is going on?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2018-10-19T22:09:08.087" Title="What do I call a Hue, a Shade, a Tone and a Tint in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17343" CreationDate="2018-10-19T06:48:20.470" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hue&lt;/strong&gt; - цвет (if you use &lt;em&gt;hue&lt;/em&gt; as a more literary word for color) or оттенок (if by hue you mean the distinctive characteristics of a given color that enable it to be assigned a position in the spectrum).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tint&lt;/strong&gt; - оттенок again. By tint you mean a delicate or pale color or hue, don't you? If you want to be more specific, you may add &quot;нежный&quot; to &quot;оттенок&quot; to emphasize the delicacy. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Shade&lt;/strong&gt; - оттенок again (!). The name of that book &quot;50 Shades of Grey&quot; was translated as &quot;50 Оттенков Серого&quot;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tone&lt;/strong&gt; - тон.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qi1jA.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qi1jA.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2018-10-19T06:56:41.347" LastActivityDate="2018-10-19T06:56:41.347" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17343" CreationDate="2018-10-19T06:52:19.667" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The words that uses in Russian for describing colors (as analog in HSL color model Hue-Saturation-Lightness)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hue - цвет, оттенок (тон)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Uad4G.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Uad4G.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Saturation (tone in the article) - насыщенность&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jlt1a.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/jlt1a.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;lightness or value (tint and shade) - яркость (тон) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vew2y.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vew2y.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shade (темный)&amp;lt;------------------------------------------------------&gt; Tint(светлый)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main problem that тон or тональность (it similar to Tonality in music) uses in meaning &quot;Hue&quot; and &quot;lightness&quot; (but definitely not like &quot;tone&quot; in the article). If you don't dive enough context, &quot;тон&quot; normally will use more as lightness in art and Hue in design. If you want to understand you correctly, you can say &quot;цветовой тон&quot; or &quot;оттенок&quot; for Hue and &quot;световой тон&quot; или &quot;Яркость&quot; for lightness&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tint and Shade can be translated as &quot;Осветление&quot; и &quot;Затемнение&quot;, you can say also that the color is &quot;темный&quot; or &quot;светлый&quot;. But basically, it is adding and subtracting lightning (яркость). If you talking about painting you can say &quot;Разбеление&quot; (Adding white) instead of &quot;Осветление&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;HSL node in Blender:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1m6QD.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1m6QD.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;how it translated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hofXM.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hofXM.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8664" LastEditorUserId="8664" LastEditDate="2018-10-19T22:09:08.087" LastActivityDate="2018-10-19T22:09:08.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17327" CreationDate="2018-10-19T08:00:11.660" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no tense in the Russian Conditional mood. The time can be figured out from the context. &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Что бы вы делали, если бы вам надо было принимать важные решения каждый день? Моя работа этого требует.&lt;/strong&gt; - Present. &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Что бы вы делали, если бы вам надо было принимать важные решения за других? А ведь я был моложе их всех.&lt;/strong&gt; - Past. &#xA;Though the category of Perfect (совершенный и несовершенный вид) is observed with the Conditional mood. &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Если бы я ходил на работу&lt;/strong&gt; - that means if I went (had gone) to my work (regularly) &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Если бы я пришел на работу&lt;/strong&gt; - that is if I came (had come) to work (today, by that time) &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Если бы я шел на работу&lt;/strong&gt; и видел, что здание сносят, я бы вернулся домой. - If I were going to my work... (that is a process, hence it is Continuous). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-10-19T08:00:11.660" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17340" CreationDate="2018-10-19T08:04:59.370" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please, use only удивляться + Dative, the other variant should only be understood if pronounced by another person. Wherever you can find it, it is not a current norm. &#xA;So, &lt;strong&gt;удивляюсь тебе&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;удивляться этому&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;удивляться чему-то, кому-то&lt;/strong&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Удивляться на кого-то is a more colloquial form not typical of educated people. It could be just fine at Tolstoy's time, or in the direct speech of a charachter, to add a certain trait to him. But even Rhozenthal marks this phrase as a rarer one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-10-20T11:01:43.147" LastActivityDate="2018-10-20T11:01:43.147" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9183" CreationDate="2018-10-19T10:42:09.397" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Тот факт, что вы уважаете собеседника, уже достаточно выражен тем, что вы обращаетесь к нему на &quot;вы&quot;, а не на &quot;ты&quot;. Поэтому излишнее подчеркивание с помощью заглавной буквы - это, действительно, подобострастно. Вполне подойдет для обращения к президенту, патриарху, епископу, королю (или королеве). Использовалось для обращений к титулованным особам. Так получилось, что знать у нас исчезла, а желание писать &quot;Вы&quot; не пропало. Это типичная для носителей языка ошибка. &#xA;Btw, в руководстве для переводчиков субтитров на coursera есть фраза: &quot;Представьте себе, что слова &quot;Вы&quot; не существует, а слово &quot;вы&quot; - существует&quot;, вполне отражающая тот факт, насколько такое написание ошибочно и насколько эта ошибка частотна. :) &#xA;Fell free to ask for a translation if needed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-10-19T10:42:09.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17350" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17352" CreationDate="2018-10-19T12:43:25.663" Score="6" ViewCount="2711" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, we have 2 distinct words for describing the loss of a job&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Getting fired&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Getting laid off&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The former implies that the action was the fault of the employee, while the later implies that the action was the fault of the company.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when I was trying to translate &lt;code&gt;laid off&lt;/code&gt; in Russian, the result it gave me was &lt;code&gt;уволен&lt;/code&gt;, which is the same as getting fired.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this distinction exist in Russian? If you say &lt;code&gt;уволен&lt;/code&gt;, is the context more like getting fired or getting laid off?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6806" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-10-19T13:28:11.330" LastActivityDate="2018-10-20T08:30:15.880" Title="&quot;Laid off&quot; vs. &quot;fired&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17350" CreationDate="2018-10-19T13:21:44.080" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;For &quot;laid off&quot;, Russian has the somewhat jargony-sounding, but very commonly used, &lt;strong&gt;сократить&lt;/strong&gt;. It properly refers to staff cuts (&lt;strong&gt;сократить штат&lt;/strong&gt;), which is why this &quot;laid off&quot; usage applied to a single employee (e.g. &lt;strong&gt;меня сократили&lt;/strong&gt;) is slightly jarring for the inner purist, as well as a little absurd in the imagery it invokes, but that's still how you say it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2018-10-19T13:21:44.080" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17350" CreationDate="2018-10-19T13:25:52.007" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Уволить&lt;/strong&gt; - It is the verb that describes the action taken by the company, it does not actually specify whose fault it is.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Был уволен&lt;/strong&gt; - Was fired by the company.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Уволился&lt;/strong&gt; - Left the company by his own will.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Уйти с работы&lt;/strong&gt; - Common expression for describing the situation when an employee leaves the company by his own will. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also &lt;strong&gt;&quot;отчисление&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; - but this is suitable for education.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11096" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2018-10-20T08:30:15.880" LastActivityDate="2018-10-20T08:30:15.880" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17353" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17369" CreationDate="2018-10-19T15:59:12.947" Score="3" ViewCount="184" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to say &quot;historical reenactment&quot; in Russian? For example, when talking about some festival with a historical reenactment of some medieval battle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&#xA;&quot;историческая реконструкция&quot;, as far as I can tell, has three meanings. One is like a process of recovery of some facts, and another one is like a wall with pictures. But what I want is precisely a term that would convey only one meaning, that is the third meaning, which is a kind of performance or a cosplay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2018-10-19T16:47:25.210" LastActivityDate="2018-10-22T06:35:10.240" Title="How to say &quot;historical reenactment&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17354" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17356" CreationDate="2018-10-19T16:05:09.250" Score="2" ViewCount="286" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;благодать низошла&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; на кого-то или &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;благодать снизошла&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; на кого-то?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastActivityDate="2018-10-20T08:44:19.200" Title="Благодать низошла или благодать снизошла на кого-то?" Tags="&lt;грамотность&gt;&lt;семантика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17353" CreationDate="2018-10-19T16:10:10.200" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;историческая реконструкция&quot; is the proper term for historical reenactment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2018-10-19T16:10:10.200" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17356" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17354" CreationDate="2018-10-19T17:07:12.923" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian, &lt;em&gt;снисходить&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;to condescend, to deign&quot;, so if you're about to compose a neutral phrase in modern Russian, meaning &quot;grace (has) descended&quot;, you should probably be using &lt;em&gt;благодать низошла&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, its original meaning in Church Slavonic is &quot;to descend&quot; and using Church Slavonic is a common way to give your Russian text grand style. So if that's your purpose, then you can use either word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-10-19T17:14:28.593" LastActivityDate="2018-10-19T17:14:28.593" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17358" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17360" CreationDate="2018-10-20T08:03:44.547" Score="3" ViewCount="73" Body="&lt;p&gt;В каком предложении знак пунктуации употреблен правильно после слова &lt;em&gt;смотри&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Смотри, я приготовлю ужин, а ты помоешь посуду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Смотри! Я приготовлю ужин, а ты помоешь посуду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9355" LastEditorUserId="9355" LastEditDate="2018-10-20T12:09:08.467" LastActivityDate="2018-10-20T12:09:08.467" Title="Запятая или знак восклицания после слова &quot;смотри&quot; в значении обращать внимание на что-то?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17358" CreationDate="2018-10-20T08:48:01.383" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;С запятой предложение больше похоже на договоренность, а с восклицательным знаком - на угрозу. :) Или на эмоциональное высказывание. В обоих случаях - фразы из прямой речи, поэтому интонацией этой речи и надо руководствоваться, возможны оба варианта. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я бы сказала, что восклицательный знак более типичен для фраз, где мы предлагаем физически посмотреть на что-то удивительное. &#xA;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Смотри! Там белка! Маленькая, рыжая, с длинным хвостом!&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-10-20T08:48:01.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17152" CreationDate="2018-10-20T14:40:29.940" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The provided text is an example of old Russian. This is clearly seen by the usage of 'ъ' at the end of many words - modern Russian does not use that. In addition, some forms of words can also indicate the age of the language ('видаетесь' in your example).&#xA;As you may understand, the process of obsolescence is not instant: some words are never used today ('видаетесь'), some words may be used, being outdated at the same time ('ибо', 'воистину').&#xA;Some forms of the same word can be used as absolute synonyms, but it's obvious, that text with true old Russian must contain the old version of the word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can add that the word 'семейство' is widely used in math! For example, 'семейство прямых y=5*x+c', 'семейство функций f(x)=k*sin(x)'. Moreover, in daily life, you may find a contrast: modern words make speech more formal, while the old one color speech with some fun: 'И что твоё семейство?)' (some enthusiasm) vs 'И как твоя семья?' (true or/and kind interest) or 'Ибо не следует так делать!' (confidence) vs 'Потому что не следует так делать.' (anger or/and sadness)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11107" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2018-10-21T11:34:12.940" LastActivityDate="2018-10-21T11:34:12.940" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17242" CreationDate="2018-10-20T17:12:39.063" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In music, it is customary for the conductor to count one measure before the band starts. Time signature of 4/4 being standard, раз, два. три, четыре is the signal to start. Три, четыре is simply an abbreviation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2018-10-20T17:12:39.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17353" CreationDate="2018-10-20T18:39:20.867" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ролевые игры&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (live action role-playing game). And a players are called &lt;strong&gt;&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ролевики&lt;/a&gt;&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If &quot;историческая реконструкция&quot; has more official context and use mainly in science, &quot;Ролевые игры&quot; is like a hobby and improvisation, and including historical reenactment, cosplay, minstrel, tolkiens, historical dancing and etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is an &lt;a href=&quot;http://volk.nn.ru/about&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;example&lt;/a&gt; of festival&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;ВолК&quot; - это ... ежегодный фестиваль ролевых игр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8664" LastEditorUserId="8664" LastEditDate="2018-10-20T19:45:11.700" LastActivityDate="2018-10-20T19:45:11.700" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17364" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17366" CreationDate="2018-10-21T10:57:43.937" Score="6" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which verb or a combination of verbs would best describe the act of starting a &quot;серия убийств&quot; (I want to keep &quot;серия убийств&quot;, but the grammatical case can be different from Nominative)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Начал серию убийств&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Приступил к серии убийств&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Предпринял серию убийств&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пустился в совершение серии убийств&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2018-10-23T14:39:45.163" Title="Which verb would start a &quot;серию убийств&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17364" CreationDate="2018-10-21T12:28:44.877" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would use &lt;em&gt;совершил первое из серии убийств&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-10-21T12:28:44.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17366" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17364" CreationDate="2018-10-21T13:20:21.340" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Начал совершать серийные убийства &lt;em&gt;(this one doesn't meet the requirement but is the most idiomatic)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Приступил к совершению серии убийств &lt;em&gt;(if the series was preplanned)&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;серия&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian doesn't blend in well with the verbs suggested in the originally proposed variants&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-22T06:25:10.880" LastActivityDate="2018-10-22T06:25:10.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17144" CreationDate="2018-10-21T14:10:10.470" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an example of situation, when additional words are not required, because a modern short alternative exists. As a result, 'многое', 'много' can be used both in formal and informal speech, while 'много чего', 'много что', 'много такого' can only be used in informal speech. If you look at the word added, you`ll see it does not bring any additional information, it only adds volume to this part of the sentence, so more attention is paied to the idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other words, that can be extended in informal speech only, like 'быстро &lt;em&gt;так&lt;/em&gt;', 'что &lt;em&gt;же&lt;/em&gt;', etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back to your example, use 'многое' to be sure you are not adding 'water' to your text. Use 'много чего' if you wish to express some insolence in the intonation, like in all these stories about fake-news : )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11107" LastActivityDate="2018-10-21T14:10:10.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17353" CreationDate="2018-10-22T06:35:10.240" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia on &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Историческая реконструкция&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the collocation refers not to the cosplay culture, where reenactment is the goal in itself, but to a one-off show within another event, then these could work&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Инсценировка исторического события &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Театрализованное воссоздание исторического события&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-10-22T06:35:10.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17370" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-22T07:03:13.263" Score="7" ViewCount="1416" Body="&lt;p&gt;Скажите отличаются ли следующие предложения по значению.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я сегодня ем этот шоколад &lt;strong&gt;последний раз&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я сегодня ем этот шоколад &lt;strong&gt;в последний раз&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9355" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-10-22T08:18:27.240" LastActivityDate="2018-11-16T12:34:17.337" Title="Какая разница между словосочетаниями &quot;в последний раз&quot; и &quot;последний раз&quot;?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17370" CreationDate="2018-10-22T07:25:07.993" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Субъективно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Во фразе &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;в последний раз&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; есть коннотация приближающегося конца жизни, т.е. &lt;code&gt;в последний раз в жизни&lt;/code&gt;, потому что больше уже не суждено.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В словосочетании &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;последний раз&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; без предлога такой коннотации нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ОБНОВ.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В двух советских фильмах обратил внимание на использование фразы с предлогом &quot;&lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; в том же значении, что и без предлога.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тем не менее, думаю, что с предлогом &quot;&lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; фраза может приобретать значение последнего раза навсегда, в то время как без него она может значить последний раз только по состоянию на нынешний момент или на определённый период.&#xA;Но в вопросительном предложении такая разница не наблюдается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-11-16T12:34:17.337" LastActivityDate="2018-11-16T12:34:17.337" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17372" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17376" CreationDate="2018-10-22T17:13:39.573" Score="6" ViewCount="284" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian pronunciation presents to a foreigner, and specifically to Italians like me, several difficulties. &#xA;These are the major problems I encountered, approximately in order of their importance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;0) Correct placement of word stress.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1) The sound ы, especially after м, б, п, в, ф.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;2) Proper reduction of non-stressed vowels.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;3) Proper use of vowel allophones (all vowels change somewhat their sound depending on whether they are stressed or not and on whether they are followed by a soft or hard consonant).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;4) Pronunciation and contrast of л / ль&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;5) Practically all soft consonant sounds apart from нь (especially мь, бь, пь, вь, фь, рь and even more so if word-final).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;6) Proper prosody and intonation ('rhythm').&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I study Russian on my own so I have no feedback on my pronunciation; I've therefore put &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dropbox.com/s/hfdflug6g0ob5bl/2018-10-22-strana_sobaki.mp3?dl=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; a recording of myself reading a short story (there's no need to listen to &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; of it, of course) and I would be very grateful to hear some opinions on my delivery, if possible in reference to points 0-6 above, so that I can focus on those particular aspects. For example, listening to the recording, I think I mispronounced the word жители, but in general it is difficult for me to know what erroneous features and mispronunciations stand out the most.&#xA;Thanks in advance!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10606" LastEditorUserId="10606" LastEditDate="2020-03-05T22:34:07.853" LastActivityDate="2020-03-05T22:34:07.853" Title="What are the pronunciation errors in this short story rendition?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17373" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-22T18:20:13.693" Score="4" ViewCount="649" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm awfully confused about the difference between the four nouns with the meaning 'difference'. Some example sentences showing which to use in which situation would greatly help my understanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastActivityDate="2018-11-01T13:38:13.880" Title="разница / разность / различие / отличие" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17374" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-22T18:55:25.450" Score="3" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;давай&lt;/strong&gt;(&lt;strong&gt;те&lt;/strong&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;пить&lt;/strong&gt; чай / let's have some tea&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;давай&lt;/strong&gt;(&lt;strong&gt;те&lt;/strong&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;сыграем&lt;/strong&gt; / let's play&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm confused; they both mean 'let's', but why does one take an infinitive and the other a future form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastActivityDate="2018-10-23T16:42:02.813" Title="Why does давай(те) take different forms - давай + inf. or давай + future?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;tense&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17372" CreationDate="2018-10-22T19:00:32.600" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the Russian pronunciations go, yours is not that bad at all!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most prominent mistake you're making is inserting the &lt;em&gt;[j]&lt;/em&gt; between a palatalized consonant and the following vowel: in the third word of your dictation, you're saying &lt;em&gt;[gdʲje] (*гдье)&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;[gdʲe] (где)&lt;/em&gt;, and this goes on with practically any palatalized consonant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rest of your mistakes are quite minor:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You're overarticulating the reduced vowels. Try pronouncing the vowels which don't have stress on them shorter that you're doing now, as if you were mumbling.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You're making a stereotypical Italian mistake of inserting vowels between consonant clusters: &lt;em&gt;возьмём - [ə] - к - [ə] - примеру&lt;/em&gt; at 0:24, &lt;em&gt;девяносто восемь - [ə] - собак&lt;/em&gt; at 0:57 etc. &lt;em&gt;К&lt;/em&gt;, as most Russian prepositions, is a proclitic, meaning that phonetically it's an integral part of the following word, so as far as the stress, vowel reduction etc. are concerned, &lt;em&gt;к примеру, про нас, о них&lt;/em&gt; etc. are single words. This, to a certain extent, is true even for larger phrases, and spaces between Russian words within an isolated phrase are much less articulate than those between Italian ones.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Л/ль&lt;/em&gt; is something that would need some love indeed.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You're mispronouncing some words and phrases (&lt;em&gt;*не о чём&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;не&amp;#x301; о чем&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;*завесёнки&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;занавески&lt;/em&gt; etc.), but this happens to everyone.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-10-22T19:00:32.600" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17372" CreationDate="2018-10-22T19:50:54.673" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can only congratulate you on such a great success! You sound quite good, and if you work on just few minor flaws, you can read aloud to record audiobooks. :) &#xA;With your permit I'll name the mistakes I've noticed.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;0) на&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;чатся - stress У here; к&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;менная - stress the first А; н&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; о чем - stress НЕ, it's a set expression, погл&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;дывая - the second syllable is stressed, but the fifth is not; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) с&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;мой is pronounced as [самай] when the stress is in the first syllable; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) Exercise that. Sometimes your Л sounds correct, but sometimes not. Make your Л in лаем just like in ласковое. Also, work a bit more on Л in the end of words and before a consonant. E.x., попадал, дрожал, долго. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5) That is also to be trained. That was the most remarkable thing. Just remember that it matters, train your tongue, and you'll make your soft cosonants proper. :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the word добрее contains not only the soft рь, but also й between two е-s. I mean, the first Е softens the preceding consonant, and the second Е sounds like in the alphabet. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, к примеру should be pronounced without any vowel between the preposition and the noun. It's not so easy, but it's possible. :) КПР.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример, при этом - do not omit рь, I mean the first and soft р. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sound Ц should always be pronounced and it is never softened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так и повелось - these three saparate words should sound separately. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Занавески. Not завесёнки, but it sounded so nice. ))))) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I wouldn't even say a word if a foreigner spoke like you and did not ask for correcting him. You sound really great, and it is even more surprising that a person can achieve such results studying on his own. If you correct your soft sounds you can work as a spy in Russia. :) Or as a reporter, which would be better. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-10-22T20:12:51.523" LastActivityDate="2018-10-22T20:12:51.523" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17374" CreationDate="2018-10-22T20:07:07.960" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Давайте пойдем, давайте сыграем, давайте сделаем, давайте купим, давайте скажем&lt;/strong&gt; - all those Perfect forms denote actions as such, which we propose to start, perform and finish. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Давайте идти быстрее, давайте говорить громче, давайте пить чай&lt;/strong&gt; - these infinitive forms express processes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Давайте покупать чаще, давайте говорить друг другу комплименты, давайте понимать друг друга&lt;/strong&gt; - in these cases the actions are either repeated or not possible to be accomplished. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A good exercise for the third case is very famous among the Russian native speakers. :) Here you are. &lt;a href=&quot;http://spoemdruzya.ru/pesni-iz-filma/klyuch-bez-prava-peredachi/1037-davajte-vosklitsat-davajte-govorit-drug-drugu-komplimenty.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://spoemdruzya.ru/pesni-iz-filma/klyuch-bez-prava-peredachi/1037-davajte-vosklitsat-davajte-govorit-drug-drugu-komplimenty.html&lt;/a&gt; &#xA;Btw, a more regular action for the compliments is another, and that's &lt;strong&gt;делать комплименты&lt;/strong&gt;. &quot;Говорить комплименты&quot; is not quite a current norm. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-10-23T07:12:37.760" LastActivityDate="2018-10-23T07:12:37.760" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17373" CreationDate="2018-10-22T23:46:31.720" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Разница&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;difference&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;В чём &lt;strong&gt;разница&lt;/strong&gt; между этим словарём и тем? (What's the difference between this dictionary and that one?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я не вижу никакой &lt;strong&gt;разницы&lt;/strong&gt; между этими двумя книгами. (I don't see any difference between these two books.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Разность&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;difference&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (the &lt;strong&gt;result of the subtraction&lt;/strong&gt; of one number, quantity, etc, from another):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Найдите &lt;strong&gt;разность&lt;/strong&gt; между 700 и 400. Ответ - 300. (Find the difference between 700 and 400. The answer is 300.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, personally, I associate &lt;em&gt;разность&lt;/em&gt; with the mathematical operation. I never use &lt;em&gt;разность&lt;/em&gt; the way I use &lt;em&gt;разница&lt;/em&gt;. When it comes to the state or quality of being unlike, use &lt;em&gt;разница&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Различие&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;отличие&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;distinction&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Есть очевидные &lt;strong&gt;различия (отличия)&lt;/strong&gt; между двумя винодельными    регионами. (There are obvious distinctions between the two wine-making areas).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;проводит различие&lt;/strong&gt; (NOT отличие in this set expression) между    искусством и культурой. (He draws a distinction between art and&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  culture.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я пока на &lt;strong&gt;провёл различия&lt;/strong&gt; между удовольствием читать и писать. (I did not yet make a distinction between the pleasures of reading and of&#xA;  writing fiction.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, remember the expression &lt;strong&gt;проводить различия&lt;/strong&gt;. Alternatively, you might say &lt;strong&gt;находить отличия&lt;/strong&gt;. Again, it's a set expression:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Найдите пять отличий&lt;/strong&gt; на картинках. (Spot the 5 differences in the pictures.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that we &lt;em&gt;wouldn't&lt;/em&gt; say найдите пять разниц. But I see that it's possible to say найдти пять различий, though I'd prefer найдите пять отличий. Perhaps, it's just a matter of preference here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, remember the expression &lt;strong&gt;в отличие от&lt;/strong&gt; (meaning &lt;em&gt;unlike&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В отличие от тебя&lt;/strong&gt;, я знаю, чего хочу. (Unlike you, I know what I want.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note that some people have commented that &quot;проводить различие/различия между&quot; is not a natural Russian collocation. I beg to differ, and here is some evidence to support my argument: &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=7n-ZBU5z36oC&amp;amp;pg=PA74&amp;amp;lpg=PA74&amp;amp;dq=%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5%20english&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=78w6hZP74n&amp;amp;sig=aV_uGjcgbcaW89WE_4BZ9m1b-Pw&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwjlz_CSoZzeAhXPdHAKHaeMAJIQ6AEwBnoECAAQAQ#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5%20english&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source 1&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=uUy5AAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PP49&amp;amp;lpg=PP49&amp;amp;dq=%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=C3bg-ybTky&amp;amp;sig=g8vjmcM32BjclFrEM1LNM4pTT74&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwiu4vb3mJzeAhUJPXAKHYHkDaMQ6AEwCXoECAAQAQ#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source 2&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2018-11-01T13:38:13.880" LastActivityDate="2018-11-01T13:38:13.880" CommentCount="17" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17370" CreationDate="2018-10-23T13:20:18.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ситуации могут различаться:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Этот шоколад мне не нравится, больше не буду есть такой.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне не судьба ещё раз отведать этого шоколада: там, куда я направляюсь, его нет.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Формальное различие здесь в том, что &lt;em&gt;предлогом&lt;/em&gt; &quot;вписываются&quot; во временной интервал события поедания шоколада (процесс мыслят в его протяжённости, возможно, смакуют). Без предлога на событие просто ссылаются как на факт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-10-23T13:30:07.143" LastActivityDate="2018-10-23T13:30:07.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17364" CreationDate="2018-10-23T14:39:45.163" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If that phrase just introduces some citizen as a serial killer, the natural form would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... &lt;strong&gt;совершил&lt;/strong&gt; серию убийств.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After such an introduction it becomes possible to discuss &lt;em&gt;chronology&lt;/em&gt;, e. g. sequential number of a particular murder in the series, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other words like &lt;em&gt;предпринял, пустился, приступил, затеял&lt;/em&gt;, etc. are only possible within proper context while discussing the serial killer's motive and its particular details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-10-23T14:39:45.163" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17374" CreationDate="2018-10-23T15:19:44.273" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can think of &lt;em&gt;both&lt;/em&gt; forms as '&lt;em&gt;future&lt;/em&gt; tense':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;давайте (будем) пить чай&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;давайте попьём чаю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is that &lt;strong&gt;imperfective&lt;/strong&gt; verbs take the auxiliary verb &lt;strong&gt;будем&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;-ет&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ут&lt;/strong&gt;) to form future tense (&lt;em&gt;будем + infinitive&lt;/em&gt;). In this particular expression &lt;em&gt;будем&lt;/em&gt; can be omitted without &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; change in sense: it's either way a suggestion for future action. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, both Russian versions follow the same template with &lt;em&gt;future&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-10-23T15:19:44.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17370" CreationDate="2018-10-23T16:03:13.860" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;По моему мнению обе фразы означают одно и то же. Фраза с предлогом выстроена грамматически более строго: существительное, прилагательное и предлог выполняют свои классические роли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Без предлога словосочетание &lt;em&gt;последний раз&lt;/em&gt; начинает терять внутреннюю структуру и приобретать как единое целое наречное значение. Более отчетливо это видно в схожих по структуре выражениях: например, &lt;em&gt;второй раз&lt;/em&gt; можно заменить на &lt;em&gt;вторично&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;повторно&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэтому фраза без предлога звучит более разговорно, а с предлогом - более формально, и из-за этого, возможно, воспринимается некоторыми с  фатальным оттенком.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-10-23T16:03:13.860" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17374" CreationDate="2018-10-23T16:42:02.813" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use either form, the difference is whether an action is continuous or finite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;давай(те) &lt;strong&gt;пить&lt;/strong&gt; чай / let's have tea&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;давай(те) &lt;strong&gt;выпьем&lt;/strong&gt; чаю / let's have some tea&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;давай(те) &lt;strong&gt;играть&lt;/strong&gt; / let's play&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;давай(те) &lt;strong&gt;сыграем&lt;/strong&gt; / let's have a game&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1274" LastActivityDate="2018-10-23T16:42:02.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17384" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17385" CreationDate="2018-10-23T21:15:58.750" Score="3" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it always pronounced &quot;nye&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've searched online but found no sources on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hear it sometimes as &lt;em&gt;ни&lt;/em&gt; and sometimes as &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-10-23T22:24:15.433" LastActivityDate="2018-10-23T22:41:55.143" Title="Pronunciation of не" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17384" CreationDate="2018-10-23T22:41:55.143" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не&lt;/em&gt; is proclitic, meaning that as far as pronunciation is concerned, it's a part of the word that follows it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that &lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt; in it is subject to vowel reduction if not stressed, and hence is pronounced as &lt;em&gt;[ɪ]&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The vowels in &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;не о то&amp;#x301;м [nʲɪɐˈtom]&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;не&amp;#x301; о чем ['nʲeətɕɪm]&lt;/em&gt; are pronounced differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-10-23T22:41:55.143" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17386" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17393" CreationDate="2018-10-24T00:48:13.873" Score="3" ViewCount="189" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Обычно я обедала в столовой колледжа – Пьюк-холле. На самом деле она называлась Дюк-холл, в честь покойного директора. Но &lt;strong&gt;с моей легкой руки&lt;/strong&gt; она получила новое неофициальное прозвище.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does this expression mean, and how is it used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, can other personal pronouns than &quot;моей&quot; be used just as well?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T08:07:11.003" Title="The meaning and usage of the expression &quot;с моей легкой руки&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17388" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-24T03:45:35.543" Score="2" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Натолкнувшийся на меня Фарсад, невесело улыбнулся – &lt;strong&gt;мол&lt;/strong&gt;, не у одного тебя кошки на душе скребут, потом вдруг со всего размаха врезал меня по плечу, и проговорил:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As particles to mark reported speech, how do they differ in usage? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to &quot;мол&quot;, does only context -- regardless of punctuation -- help determine which part of a sentence is such reported speech?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Натолкнувшийся на меня Фарсад, невесело улыбнулся – мол, &lt;strong&gt;не у одного тебя кошки на душе скребут&lt;/strong&gt;, потом вдруг со всего размаха врезал меня по плечу, и проговорил:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-10-24T19:44:31.210" Title="Difference in usage between &quot;мол&quot; and &quot;де&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17389" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17391" CreationDate="2018-10-24T04:00:55.387" Score="2" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он сегодня весь день не желает вылезать из комнаты. Играет что-то грустное на гитарке и поет. &lt;strong&gt;От&lt;/strong&gt; его песни аж &lt;strong&gt;кошки на душе скребут&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I see &quot;на душе кошки скребут&quot;, I sort of automatically expect the prepositional phrase &quot;у кого-н&quot; to come with it. In this specific instance, however, there is only one prepositional phrase: &quot;от его песни&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How should I interpret the meaning of this structure: &quot;От его песни аж кошки на душе скребут&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-10-24T11:57:04.690" Title="The expression &quot;на душе кошки скребут&quot; without &quot;у кого-н&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17389" CreationDate="2018-10-24T11:57:04.690" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means the feeling of the speaker, so it can be rewritten as &lt;strong&gt;От его песни у меня аж кошки на душе скребут.&lt;/strong&gt; Very often we omit a pronoun when we mean ourselves or it is clear from the context. &#xA;compare: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;He came with his wife.&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;Он пришел с женой.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I'll tell my husband.&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;Я скажу мужу.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;My mother says, that...&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;Мама говорит, что...&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, it can denote a feeling which is generally produced on anybody who hears the song. That means, if you were present there, you would suffer that feeling as well. &lt;strong&gt;[У кого угодно, кто это слышит,] аж кошки на душе скребут.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-10-24T11:57:04.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17388" CreationDate="2018-10-24T12:04:59.453" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-де&lt;/strong&gt; is added to a word as a postfix, while &lt;strong&gt;мол,&lt;/strong&gt; can precede a whole phrase or be inserted between words. The phrase should express reported speech or an allusion to someone else's words. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As &lt;strong&gt;-де&lt;/strong&gt; tends to be an archaism now, it is stylistically demanding, and can sometimes be used to make the sentence a bit offencive. But a hundred years ago it was not offencive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-10-24T19:44:31.210" LastActivityDate="2018-10-24T19:44:31.210" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17386" CreationDate="2018-10-24T14:38:39.947" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a more general idiom &lt;strong&gt;легкая рука&lt;/strong&gt;, meaning the ability to solve problems and gain success with ease and luck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose the expression &lt;strong&gt;с легкой руки&lt;/strong&gt; may be tracked to this idiom: &lt;strong&gt;started with one's fortunate proposal&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may use it with any possessive pronoun or personal name, except for plural ones, because it's unnatural for several persons to share a single hand (and &lt;em&gt;с легких рук&lt;/em&gt; is not idiomatic). Although, phrases like &lt;em&gt;с их легкой руки&lt;/em&gt; do creep into language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-10-24T14:38:39.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17372" CreationDate="2018-10-24T15:24:04.920" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some points in addition to Quassnoi's rundown not related specifically to the points 0 - 6 of the original question (converted from a comment)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) &lt;code&gt;0:58&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;так что&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced as one word &lt;strong&gt;тАкштэ&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;code&gt;1:08&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;всегда ведь&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ведь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is enclitic (appended to the immediately preceding word), pronounced with no stress &lt;strong&gt;всигдА&lt;em&gt;веть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3)&lt;code&gt;2:33&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;не о чем&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced as one word &lt;strong&gt;нЕочем&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Е&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;Ё&lt;/strong&gt; (Ё on the other hand is featured in the phrase &lt;strong&gt;ни о чём&lt;/strong&gt; which is always coupled with negated verb and pronounced slower as &lt;strong&gt;ниачЁм&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) sometimes slips through a typical feature of Italian pronunciation - lack of stop at the last consonant like in &lt;em&gt;дом(э), рот(э), домикаф(э), окнах(э)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5) &lt;code&gt;3:10&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;strong&gt;в той стране&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;тOй&lt;/em&gt; shouldn't be reduced to &lt;em&gt;тАй&lt;/em&gt;, pronouns always maintain their separate status &amp;amp; proper stress &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6) &lt;code&gt;3:36&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;за стеклом&lt;/strong&gt; has genuine &lt;strong&gt;E&lt;/strong&gt;, not &lt;strong&gt;Ё&lt;/strong&gt;, therefore the stress is &lt;strong&gt;за стеклОм&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;7) &lt;code&gt;4:23&lt;/code&gt; к &lt;strong&gt;сАмому&lt;/strong&gt; главному (here the word is &lt;strong&gt;сАмый&lt;/strong&gt; and not &lt;strong&gt;сам&lt;/strong&gt;, which in Dative does receive stress on the final syllable &lt;strong&gt;самомУ&lt;/strong&gt;)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;8) &lt;code&gt;4:47&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;добреЙэ&lt;/strong&gt;, not &lt;strong&gt;добреэ&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;9) &lt;code&gt;4:57&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;наУчатся&lt;/strong&gt; говорить (&lt;strong&gt;научАться&lt;/strong&gt; is an infinitive form, which is somewhat dated, the stress pattern is identical to &lt;strong&gt;обучAться&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-25T06:30:22.070" LastActivityDate="2018-10-25T06:30:22.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17395" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-25T12:00:04.100" Score="2" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;он &lt;strong&gt;житейски&lt;/strong&gt; неопытен&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems the word &amp;quot;житейски&amp;quot; is separately listed far below in the conjugation &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.morfologija.ru/%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0/%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;table&lt;/a&gt; of the adjective &amp;quot;житейский&amp;quot;, and I'm not so familiar with its usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &amp;quot;житейски&amp;quot; an adverb derived from the adjective &amp;quot;житейский&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;he's &lt;strong&gt;worldly&lt;/strong&gt; inexperienced&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;inexperienced &lt;strong&gt;in life&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;? I assume it follows the same conjugational pattern seen in &amp;quot;я говорю &lt;strong&gt;по-русски&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If so, I wonder if it is odd to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;он &lt;strong&gt;по-житейски&lt;/strong&gt; неопытен&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or: он неопытен &lt;strong&gt;по-житейски&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When should I use &amp;quot;житейски&amp;quot; versus &amp;quot;по-житейски&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-10-26T06:32:52.910" Title="&quot;Он житейски неопытен&quot;: the usage of &quot;житейски&quot; (versus &quot;по-житейски&quot;)" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17395" CreationDate="2018-10-25T12:37:14.717" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, &lt;strong&gt;житейски&lt;/strong&gt; is an adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it's used to describe passive participles answering the question &lt;em&gt;in what way?&lt;/em&gt; similar to how the adverb functions in the English phrase &lt;code&gt;he's artistically gifted&lt;/code&gt; or in a Russian phrase &lt;code&gt;он художественно одарён&lt;/code&gt;, and adjectives &lt;code&gt;politically correct&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;политически корректный&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;По-житейски&lt;/strong&gt; is a standard adverb which describes verbs and (adverbial) participles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-26T06:32:52.910" LastActivityDate="2018-10-26T06:32:52.910" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17395" CreationDate="2018-10-25T13:08:09.210" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;That means &quot;&lt;strong&gt;inexperienced in life&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. And I wouldn't add &lt;strong&gt;по-&lt;/strong&gt; here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-10-25T13:08:09.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17395" CreationDate="2018-10-25T21:02:40.520" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Qualitative adverbs originating from possessive adjectives in sg. inst. come in two varieties in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The adjective they modify describes some quality &lt;strong&gt;pertinent&lt;/strong&gt; to the noun from which the adverb is formed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Он идеологически подкован // He's well versed in ideological matters (lit. &quot;he's ideologically heeled&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Баллистически стойкая ткань // Ballistic-proof fabric (lit. &quot;ballistically proof&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The adjective they modify describes some quality &lt;strong&gt;similar&lt;/strong&gt; to the noun from which the adverb is formed. They usually come with the preposition &lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Он по-гусарски расточителен // He's as prodigal with money as a hussar (lit. &quot;hussarly prodigal&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Макароны по-флотски // Pasta a la navy, a dish similar to ragu bolognese (lit. &quot;navally (cooked) pasta, pasta as they do in the navy&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look closely, there is a difference between those adjectives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ones from the first list are &lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt; the thing the adverb describes: ideology &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; something which is good, ballistic &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; something the fabric is proof against etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ones from the second list are &lt;em&gt;like&lt;/em&gt; the thing the adverb describes: he's prodigal &lt;em&gt;like&lt;/em&gt; a hussar, the pasta is &lt;em&gt;like&lt;/em&gt; they do in the navy etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this is quite a fine line, and some of the adjectives are bleeding from one category to another. There is a number of adjectives like &lt;em&gt;героически, чертовски, ангельски, дьявольски, творчески&lt;/em&gt; etc. which should have had the &lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt; before them but they don't:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Он дьявольски умён // He's smart as a devil&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Защитники Москвы героически пали на поле боя // The defenders of Moscow had fallen on the battlefield like heroes&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both those cases, &lt;em&gt;по-&lt;/em&gt; would have had more sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Житейски&lt;/em&gt; in your example belongs to the first category: his everyday skills are &lt;em&gt;what&lt;/em&gt; he is inexperienced at, not &lt;em&gt;like&lt;/em&gt; something he's inexperienced at. Taken literally, &lt;em&gt;он по-житейски неопытен&lt;/em&gt; would mean something like &quot;he's inexperienced the way those who live their daily lives are&quot;, which makes little sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, as I said, this is quite a fine line, and &lt;em&gt;по-житейски&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;житейски&lt;/em&gt; are sometimes mixed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Смагин был обеспечен, перспективен и совершенно по-житейски неопытен.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Губернатор Краснодарского края Александр Ткачёв заявил, что станица Кущёвская – это &quot;по-житейски благополучное место&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-10-25T21:07:59.757" LastActivityDate="2018-10-25T21:07:59.757" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17399" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-25T22:05:36.517" Score="3" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Есть ощущение суетности, которое потом &lt;strong&gt;никуда не денешь&lt;/strong&gt;. Хотя, конечно, все, что угодно, — за ваши деньги.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if this phrase qualifies as an idiom, but does it mean something like &quot;you/one cannot deny its presence&quot; or &quot;there's no getting around that fact&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-10-26T00:00:05.927" Title="The meaning and usage of the expression &quot;никуда не денешь&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17399" CreationDate="2018-10-25T22:52:08.593" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is an idiom and like any of them has no direct translation. And, like any of them, has many subtle shades of meaning depending on the contect.&#xA;Both of your guesses are correct.&#xA;There are a few variations on this idiom. I cannot recall many, but here is the one:&#xA;Никуда не денешься&#xA;Meaning you ain’t gonna have no options.&#xA;Example, когда зима придет, ты никуда не денешься, придешь ко мне с поклоном.&#xA;And here is one more:&#xA;А куда ты денешься?&#xA;Most of the time you hear this idiom in  dialogues:&#xA;-я не хочу иметь никаких дел с тобой.&#xA;-А куда ты денешься? Ты будешь делать как я сказал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more word of comment. You can use ВЫ refering to a group of people, but it is NEVER used in adressing a peron in honorofic sencr of the word ВЫ (singular). Examples you brought are neutral, example I brought are used in situations of very tough speaking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11119" LastActivityDate="2018-10-25T22:52:08.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17399" CreationDate="2018-10-25T22:58:12.137" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This means &quot;the sense of vanity one can't get rid of&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually this is phrased as &lt;em&gt;ощущение суетности, от которого никуда не денешься&lt;/em&gt; &quot;the sense of vanity you can't get away from&quot;, and it might even convey slightly different connotation (&quot;remove the feeling&quot; vs. &quot;walk away from the feeling&quot;), however, both of those just mean something which is gonna stay whether you want it or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-10-25T22:58:12.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17399" CreationDate="2018-10-25T23:27:15.373" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Personally, I don't consider &quot;деться от чего-то&quot; or &quot;деть что-то куда-то&quot; an idiom. &quot;Деться&quot; means &quot;cкрыться&quot;, &quot;спрятаться&quot;, &quot;исчезнуть&quot;, and the word is just informal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Куда делся мой ключ? (where is my key? (the key has disappeared, I&#xA;  can't find it!))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Куда делся твой друг? (where did your friend go? (he's gone, I don't see him anywhere))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Деть что-то куда&quot; means &quot;запрятать&quot;, &quot;поместить&quot;, &quot;истратить&quot;, and just like &quot;деться&quot;, which is reflexive, the word is informal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you can't &lt;em&gt;деться&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;от&lt;/em&gt; some feeling/thought, or if you can't &lt;em&gt;деть&lt;/em&gt; the feeling/thought &lt;em&gt;никуда&lt;/em&gt;, then you can't shake it off:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не могу никуда деться от собственных мыслей / я не могу их никуда деть. (the thoughts are too disturbing)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Зачем ты его пригласил? Теперь от него никуда не деться / теперь его никуда не денешь. (it's no longer about a feeling or thought, of course, but about a person, who is hard to get rid of)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2018-10-26T00:00:05.927" LastActivityDate="2018-10-26T00:00:05.927" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17404" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17405" CreationDate="2018-10-27T01:07:22.437" Score="4" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Смотрю на них, думаю, &lt;strong&gt;видать&lt;/strong&gt; не у одной меня порой крыша едет!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the context, I assume the sentence means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is not just me who loses it every now and then -- such outbursts of temper are &lt;strong&gt;seen&lt;/strong&gt; not just in me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I'm not sure how to interpret its grammatical function and infinitive usage. Can the sentence stand without &quot;видать&quot;? If so, what meaning/nuance does &quot;видать&quot; add to the sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Смотрю на них, думаю, не у одной меня порой крыша едет!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-10-28T07:07:14.763" Title="The meaning and usage of &quot;видать&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17404" CreationDate="2018-10-27T02:11:41.497" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a colloquial form of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;видимо&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;по-видимому&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and it's translated as &quot;[it] seems like&quot;.&#xA;So the sentence is roughly translated as &quot;I look at them and it seems like I'm not the only one [who's] losing it&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastActivityDate="2018-10-27T02:11:41.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17406" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17409" CreationDate="2018-10-27T02:16:10.697" Score="4" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to say the following in russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Hello, my friend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From what I have seen from online learning videos, it seems the ordering should be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет, друг мой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in my head it seemed that the following would make sense too:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет, мой друг.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have searched it online and I see it everywhere...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are both correct or is there a rule for the ordering here? Or is it possibly convention?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11124" LastEditorUserId="11124" LastEditDate="2018-10-29T01:09:40.180" LastActivityDate="2018-10-29T01:09:40.180" Title="Significance of word order in &quot;Привет мой друг&quot; or &quot;Привет друг мой&quot;" Tags="&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17407" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-27T03:33:42.960" Score="5" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do &quot;чары&quot; and &quot;charm&quot; share a common etymological root?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the OED, &quot;charm&quot; originates (through French) from Latin &#xA;&lt;em&gt;carmen&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;song&quot;), which is believed to originate from the Proto-Indo-European verb &lt;em&gt;*keh₂n-&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;to sing&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And according Wiktionary, &quot;чары&quot; is from &quot;Proto-Slavic &lt;em&gt;*čarъ&lt;/em&gt;, from Proto-Balto-Slavic &lt;em&gt;*ker- *kēr-&lt;/em&gt;, from Proto-Indo-European &lt;em&gt;*kʷer-&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Despite this, the similarities in sound and meaning of the two words seems too great to just be a coincidence...does anyone have any other info about their origin and possible etymological links?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10555" LastActivityDate="2018-10-27T18:12:00.713" Title="Are the Russian word &quot;чары&quot; and English word &quot;charm&quot; etymologically related?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17404" CreationDate="2018-10-27T07:09:25.617" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Totally agree with AR's answer.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But will only add that in my opinion a semantically closer English equivalent is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;looks like&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; due to relatedness of both verbs &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;видеть/видать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to look&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to the notion of sight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I look at them and think to myself: 'It &lt;strong&gt;looks like&lt;/strong&gt; i'm not the only&#xA;  one going crazy every now and then!'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And of course the sentence can go without &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;видать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; because it's just a speaker's remark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-28T07:07:14.763" LastActivityDate="2018-10-28T07:07:14.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17406" CreationDate="2018-10-27T07:16:50.197" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it's rather a convention. Changes of word order convey shades of meaning and are used for emphasis of certain elements within a sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The direct order of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;мой друг&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; makes the phrase sound descriptive like in a sentence &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Он - мой друг&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;He's a friend of mine&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In contrast the order of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;друг мой&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; makes the phrase sound vocative, i.e. expressing an address - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Hey, my friend!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (NOT &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Hey, a friend of mine!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Привет, мой друг&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is not incorrect, but less vocative than the other version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, if the adjectival cluster related to the noun &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;друг&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (or any noun denoting an addressee) is more elaborate, the noun itself does tend to come last, e.g. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Привет, мой юный закадычный друг!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word order in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Привет, друг мой&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; could also be an expression of a disguised reproach, disapproval, disappointment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-27T17:17:29.637" LastActivityDate="2018-10-27T17:17:29.637" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17407" CreationDate="2018-10-27T18:06:15.987" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Чары&lt;code&gt;Этимологический словарь русского языка&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;чары Общеслав. Того же корня, что авест. čārā «средство», др.-инд. karóti «делает», лит. keraĩ «волшебство». Колдовство воспринималось как средство для достижения какой-л. цели. Школьный этимологический словарь русского языка. Происхождение слов. — М.: Дрофа Н. М. Шанский, Т. А. Боброва 2004 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The later academician Zaliznyak stated that quantity of sounds was more restricted than quantity of words, thus, there was lots of coincidence, and it was a subject of quasi-scientific speculations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe, we shouldn't make conclusions based upon homophony without a deep research.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you feel like watching Zaliznyak's speech on this topic (not charm, but quasi-theories in linguistics), you are welcome. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rP3UyDow5i4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rP3UyDow5i4&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-10-27T18:12:00.713" LastActivityDate="2018-10-27T18:12:00.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17411" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-27T21:20:03.873" Score="3" ViewCount="296" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are also many other examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Гены&quot; or &quot;Генины&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Светы&quot; or &quot;Светины&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;машины&quot; or &quot;машинины&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;дяди&quot; or &quot;дядины&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What forms are the right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="923" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-12-02T12:09:03.163" LastActivityDate="2019-12-02T18:32:17.710" Title="What is the right form of a possessive name - &quot;мамы&quot; or &quot;мамины&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17411" CreationDate="2018-10-28T00:20:03.427" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both variants are correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first form answers a question “&lt;em&gt;кого?&lt;/em&gt;” (&lt;em&gt;of whom?&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second form answers a question “&lt;em&gt;чьё?&lt;/em&gt;” (&lt;em&gt;whose?&lt;/em&gt;). This possessive (притяжательный) meaning is denoted by “&lt;em&gt;-ин&lt;/em&gt;” suffix.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мамины пироги самые вкусные на свете. (Mom’s cakes are the most delicious ones in the (whole) world);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Голос мамы был мягким, но уверенным. (A voice of a mom was mild but confident).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also pay attention to a word order: &lt;em&gt;мамины пироги&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;голос мамы&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it’s unusual when some words are put into a possessive form. For example, if you say “&lt;em&gt;машинины&lt;/em&gt;”, everybody will either perceive it as a smart cue or just mishear it as “&lt;em&gt;м&lt;b&gt;а&lt;/b&gt;шин&lt;/em&gt;” / “&lt;em&gt;маш&lt;b&gt;и&lt;/b&gt;н&lt;/em&gt;” (&lt;em&gt;Masha’s&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;of cars&lt;/em&gt;) not expecting this form to be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7547" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2019-12-02T18:32:17.710" LastActivityDate="2019-12-02T18:32:17.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17413" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-28T03:50:18.240" Score="4" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Mornings may never be stress-free times of zen-like bliss, but at least you can &lt;strong&gt;carve out a minute or two&lt;/strong&gt; to enjoy your coffee before the day really gets going.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are some commonly used Russian expressions for &quot;carve out (time)&quot;? I might say the following in conversation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;выкроить минутку-другую на чашечку кофе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-10-28T04:06:55.557" Title="Russian equivalent of &quot;carve out (time)&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17413" CreationDate="2018-10-28T04:06:55.557" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Right. You can definitely use the phrase &quot;&lt;strong&gt;выкроить время/минутку-другую/часок-другой для чего-то/на что-то&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, you may use &quot;&lt;strong&gt;найти время&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;урвать минутку/часок&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне нужно научиться &lt;strong&gt;находить время&lt;/strong&gt; для себя. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;урвала&lt;/strong&gt; часок для чтения, и это помогло мне отвлечься. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я даже не могу &lt;strong&gt;выкроить время&lt;/strong&gt; для звонка подруге!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &quot;урвать&quot; and &quot;выкроить&quot; make the whole sentence more emotional. They emphasize how time-poor the speaker/writer is. While &quot;находить время&quot; is not that emotional and emphatic. It's just for stating the fact. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastActivityDate="2018-10-28T04:06:55.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17411" CreationDate="2018-10-28T07:56:04.000" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The possessive form is only applicable to &lt;em&gt;animate&lt;/em&gt; objects, therefore &lt;strong&gt;машинин&lt;/strong&gt; has no use other than in children's language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also with &lt;em&gt;inanimate&lt;/em&gt; objects it poses stylistic challenge, mainly for nouns of the 2nd and 3d &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_declension#First_declension&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;declension groups&lt;/a&gt;, e.g.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;стол&lt;/strong&gt; - according to the paradigm its possessive masculine singular form is &lt;strong&gt;стОлов&lt;/strong&gt;, but it sounds weird and is never used.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;спектакль&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;спектАклев&lt;/strong&gt;, which is likewise unusable&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;город&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strike&gt;&lt;strong&gt;гОродов&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;день&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strike&gt;&lt;strong&gt;днёв&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;край&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strike&gt;&lt;strong&gt;крАев&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;окно&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strike&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Oкнов&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strike&gt; or &lt;strike&gt;&lt;strong&gt;окнОв&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;место&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strike&gt;&lt;strong&gt;мЕстов&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;солнце&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strike&gt;&lt;strong&gt;сОлнцев&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;отмель&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strike&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Отмелев&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So grammatical means to express possessive relationship with &lt;em&gt;inanimate&lt;/em&gt; objects are limited to the Genitive form of the corresponding nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;спектакль - спектакля&lt;br&gt;&#xA;город - города&lt;br&gt;&#xA;окно - окна&lt;br&gt;&#xA;солнце - солнца&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;etc.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or where lexically and semantically possible - to their corresponding adjectives as well:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;стол - настольный&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;город - городской&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;день - дневной&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;край - краевой&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;окно - оконный&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;солнце - солнечный&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;etc.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;краевая администрация&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;администрация края&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;компьютерная мышь&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;мышь компьютера&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;автомобильная фара&lt;/strong&gt; and  &lt;strong&gt;фара автомобиля&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;медицинская энциклопедия&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;энциклопедия медицины&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;cолнечный свет&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;свет солнца&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;оконные размеры&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;размеры окна/окон&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;мировая история&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;история мира&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;заводское руководство&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;руководство завода&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;largely (disregarding nuances) mean or may mean the same thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But admittedly these adjectives lack definiteness of the possessive and Genitive forms which establish connection with specific object and so might not always be a viable replacement. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Phonetically there's a regional variation of possessive form ending where &lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt; is replaced with &lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt;:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Гена - ГенЫн&lt;/strong&gt;, instead of &lt;strong&gt;ГенИн&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Света - СветЫн&lt;/strong&gt;, instead of &lt;strong&gt;СветИн&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;мама - мамЫн&lt;br&gt;&#xA;папа - папЫн&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which might be a result of contamination with the Genitive form &lt;strong&gt;ГенЫ&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;СветЫ&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;мамЫ&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;папЫ&lt;/strong&gt;. Still it's not such an abnormal deviation because &lt;strong&gt;-Ын&lt;/strong&gt; occurs in the standard pronunciation of &lt;strong&gt;Мишин&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Машин&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Лёшин&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Пашин&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-28T18:32:06.180" LastActivityDate="2018-10-28T18:32:06.180" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17416" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-28T14:54:33.537" Score="6" ViewCount="1846" Body="&lt;p&gt;I try to translate a page into Russian and there is a menu item saying: FAQ. How would you translate it? It must be short, because there is not enough room in the menu. I know the typical translation is ЧАСТО ЗАДАВАЕМЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ, but it is far too long.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11129" LastEditorUserId="4799" LastEditDate="2018-10-29T19:11:09.567" LastActivityDate="2018-11-03T10:45:57.537" Title="How to shortly translate &quot;FAQ&quot; into Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17416" CreationDate="2018-10-28T15:08:04.397" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Conventional abbreviation of &lt;strong&gt;Часто задаваемые вопросы&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian Internet lingo is &lt;strong&gt;ЧаВо&lt;/strong&gt; which is clever because it also reminds of the pronunciation of colloquial interrogative word &lt;strong&gt;чего?&lt;/strong&gt; meaning &lt;strong&gt;что?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it seems to have fallen out of use or in fact has never really caught on and very rarely, if at all, appears on websites these days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-29T12:37:56.130" LastActivityDate="2018-10-29T12:37:56.130" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17416" CreationDate="2018-10-29T03:01:06.557" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I use &quot;Вопрос-Ответ&quot; in site menu. This page have a good organic search results, what depends on context mainly. Build site for humans, not search bots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;FAQ&quot; is also understandable without translation, if your site is for technical people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of the cases you would safely use &quot;FAQ&quot;. It is only eldery people who cannot understand it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11132" LastEditorUserId="11139" LastEditDate="2018-11-02T08:30:31.690" LastActivityDate="2018-11-02T08:30:31.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17416" CreationDate="2018-10-29T08:19:47.850" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is one more possibility. You can leave &quot;Q&amp;amp;A&quot; or &quot;FAQ&quot;. Lot of people familiar with this acronyms, especially young people. It depend on you target auditory will it be appropriate or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4803" LastActivityDate="2018-10-29T08:19:47.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17420" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-30T02:16:26.393" Score="4" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://flibusta.site/b/404471/read&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Так-то оно так&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;раз&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;для себя&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Но все же тут пореже бы чуток, чтобы узор видней был. Вот для сравненья мою сейчас посмотришь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[also]: &lt;strong&gt;Так-то оно так, раз оно не эдак&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;раз&quot;, as well as the phrase &quot;так-то оно так&quot;, has me puzzled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a different expression from &quot;&lt;strong&gt;так-то оно так&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;но&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;да&lt;/strong&gt; ...&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-10-30T07:02:42.250" LastActivityDate="2018-10-30T14:52:47.957" Title="The meaning of &quot;Так-то оно так, раз для себя&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17420" CreationDate="2018-10-30T11:34:03.540" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;„раз“ here just has the meaning of „if“.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Так-то оно так, раз для себя — it is so, if it is for yourself/ourselves;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Так-то оно так, раз оно не эдак — it is so, unless it's the other way („it is this, if it is not that“ maybe).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11139" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-10-30T14:37:23.053" LastActivityDate="2018-10-30T14:37:23.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17420" CreationDate="2018-10-30T14:04:32.577" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Так-то оно так: &lt;code&gt;I can understand it / agree with that / accept it.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Раз для себя: &lt;code&gt;If it is for my(our) good.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так-то оно так, раз оно не эдак: &lt;code&gt;This, perhaps, should be so, if in another way - not right(there is no other way / does not exist).&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2018-10-30T14:16:06.980" LastActivityDate="2018-10-30T14:16:06.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17423" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17420" CreationDate="2018-10-30T14:52:47.957" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так-то оно так, раз для себя. Но все же тут пореже бы чуток&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is very vernacular as are the dialogues in the text in general. The logical sequence of clauses should be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так-то оно так, но все же тут пореже бы чуток&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Так-то оно так&lt;/strong&gt; here is agreement with a phenomenon (of a dense crochet-work) and not with someone's explicit statement. Basically with an imaginary statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так-то оно так, раз для себя. Но все же тут пореже бы чуток&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can be unpacked as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Well if it's for your own use, i guess it's OK. But still would benefit from a bit sparser knitting&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-10-30T14:52:47.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17424" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-31T05:39:08.097" Score="2" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если бы она могла нас увидеть, &lt;strong&gt;она бы нам не спустила&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume this is an equivalent of &quot;let someone get away with it&quot;, but considering that &quot;спустить&quot; is a transitive verb, some element seems to be missing here. Is the following the full version of this expression?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если бы она могла нас увидеть, она бы нам не спустила &lt;strong&gt;это с рук&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, is the function of the dative &quot;&lt;strong&gt;нам&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; related to &quot;спустить это с (&lt;strong&gt;наших&lt;/strong&gt;) рук&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-11-01T13:47:24.677" Title="The meaning and usage of the expression &quot;она бы нам не спустила&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17425" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-10-31T06:05:55.713" Score="2" ViewCount="195" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она его не упрекала, потому что знала, что сложись все &lt;strong&gt;наоборот&lt;/strong&gt;, если бы её парень упал, а она бы продолжала идти, она бы тоже не остановилась.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume that &amp;quot;наоборот&amp;quot; cannot be replaced with &amp;quot;напротив&amp;quot; here, while in the following context, they seem to be interchangeable, even if &amp;quot;напротив&amp;quot; is a better choice. I wonder when I should choose one over the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Причащать? Нет, душа моя. Совершенно лишнее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Почему? Я, &lt;strong&gt;напротив&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;наоборот&lt;/strong&gt;, нахожу, что для ребёнка необходимо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-11-01T07:10:19.097" Title="Difference in usage between &quot;наоборот&quot; and &quot;напротив&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17424" CreationDate="2018-10-31T06:55:56.080" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you could say it like the full version „она бы нам не спустила это с рук“. So, the first quote is just a contraction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seems like in modern Russian people use the shorthand form „не спустить кому-либо“ very rarely (and say „не спустить кому-либо (это) с рук“ more often), but it remains in literature and poetry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;People often omit even the pronouns (нам, им, мне, тебе) in this phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если бы она их увидела, она бы &lt;em&gt;(им)&lt;/em&gt; не спустила это с рук.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11139" LastActivityDate="2018-10-31T06:55:56.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17425" CreationDate="2018-10-31T07:19:39.483" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You perfectly feel that «наоборот» cannot be replaced with «напротив» in this particular case. Or, I would say, it &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; be, but it will be slightly unusual for native speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«напротив» is more often used when you are talking about someone’s own opinion, while «наоборот» can be used when you are talking about things/paths/outcomes/results in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, note the word «иначе», which fits most of the cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я думаю иначе: … («Я, иначе, думаю/нахожу» feels like old/bookish style)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он считает иначе, что…&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сложись всё иначе…&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если бы всё сложилось иначе…&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«наоборот» and «напротив» are more suitable when there are two completely different (polar) choiсes or outcomes, while «иначе» can be used when multiple choiсes/outcomes take into account.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11139" LastActivityDate="2018-10-31T07:19:39.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17425" CreationDate="2018-10-31T15:24:17.230" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the first example, adverb &lt;em&gt;наоборот&lt;/em&gt; is a modifier, or, as Russian grammar usually calls it, circumstance of manner of action (обстоятельство образа действия): it is part of the syntactic structure of the sentence, we can put a question to it: &lt;em&gt;сложись как?&lt;/em&gt; — &lt;em&gt;наоборот&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second example, adverb &lt;em&gt;наоборот&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;напротив&lt;/em&gt; is an introductory word (answers no question, is not part of the syntactic structure of the sentence).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the difference. As introductory words, &lt;em&gt;наоборот&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;напротив&lt;/em&gt; are interchangeable. As modifiers, they aren't. Note that unlike &lt;em&gt;наоборот&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;напротив&lt;/em&gt; may also be a preposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2284" LastActivityDate="2018-10-31T15:24:17.230" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17425" CreationDate="2018-11-01T06:56:38.060" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that the difference between this 2 words is in roots of the words. «наоборот» («обратная сторона чего либо») has the same root as «оборот», this describes that you have different opinion, over point of view  . «Напротив» has the same root as «против» («против кого либо»), so it describes that speaker are against somebody, in opposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, if you say: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почему? Я, напротив, нахожу, что для ребёнка необходимо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You focus on the fact that you are against this person&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if you say: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почему? Я, наоборот, нахожу, что для ребёнка необходимо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You focus on the fact that you are have a completely different opinion&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So then you don't have a person to against with, you can't use «напротив»:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она его не упрекала, потому что знала, что сложись все наоборот, если бы её парень упал, а она бы продолжала идти, она бы тоже не остановилась.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8664" LastEditorUserId="8664" LastEditDate="2018-11-01T07:10:19.097" LastActivityDate="2018-11-01T07:10:19.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17424" CreationDate="2018-11-01T13:47:24.677" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't say it could be used as &quot;Она бы не спустила это с рук&quot;. If you drop the pronoun, then drop &quot;с рук&quot; as well. But using &quot;спустить это кому-то&quot; is also ok and well-understood. &#xA;Besides, there is the proverb. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Еду-еду, не свищу, а наеду - не спущу.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It denotes &quot;take care if I suddenly find out you've done something wrong&quot;. &#xA;More than that, there is a connected expression without denoting a person who will punish somebody. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Им (мне, тебе, вам, ему, etc.) это с рук не сойдет! (They are sure to&#xA;  be punished)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ему (вам, им, ей, etc.) это сошло с рук. (They have escaped the&#xA;  punishment)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-11-01T13:47:24.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17432" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-02T03:18:26.067" Score="2" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;он не &lt;strong&gt;блещет&lt;/strong&gt; умом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;она &lt;strong&gt;блещет&lt;/strong&gt; красотой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &amp;quot;блестеть&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;блистать&amp;quot; used, when it comes to the figurative use of these verbs?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also: Is it less common to use another form of their third-person singular &amp;quot;блестит/блистает&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At least, the figurative &amp;quot;блестяще&amp;quot; comes from &amp;quot;блестеть&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-11-02T09:53:23.800" Title="Is &quot;блестеть&quot; or &quot;блистать&quot; used in the figurative &quot;он не блещет умом&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17432" CreationDate="2018-11-02T07:14:09.193" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The infinitive here is definitely &lt;code&gt;блестеть&lt;/code&gt;. And it will sound awkward if you say «Он не блестит умом».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«Он не блещет умом»&lt;/strong&gt; is a set and wide-known expression, so the verb in it cannot be easily replaced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastActivityDate="2018-11-02T07:14:09.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17434" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17432" CreationDate="2018-11-02T09:20:15.460" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all some examples from ruscorpora.ru.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И сердца жизнь живая, &#xA;  И чувства огнь святой, &#xA;  И дева молодая&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Блистает красотой&lt;/em&gt;! &#xA;  [А. В. Кольцов. Из Горация (1841.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Друзья, для нас природа&#xA;  И в ужасах своих &lt;em&gt;блистает красотой&lt;/em&gt;! &#xA;  [В. Л. Пушкин. К любимцам муз (1804)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Камер-фрейлине Ее Императорского Величества Авроре уже под 30 лет, но она по-прежнему &lt;em&gt;блистает красотой&lt;/em&gt;, и ее замечает один из богатейших людей России Павел Демидов. [Юрий Безелянский. (1995)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Блещет красотой&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;умом&lt;/strong&gt; is a set expression but the form &lt;strong&gt;блистает красотой&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;блистать на сцене&lt;/strong&gt; is still valid, especially in the world of theatre.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The infinitive is evidently &lt;strong&gt;блистать&lt;/strong&gt;, though the forms блещу, блещешь, блещет, блещете, блещут belong to &lt;strong&gt;both infinitives&lt;/strong&gt; (блестеть и блистать см. Орфографический словарь ) but in this particular meaning it is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; блестеть. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бог с ней, с эстетикой, мужик и не обязан &lt;em&gt;блистать красотой&lt;/em&gt;. [Варвара Синицына. Муза и генерал (2002)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Точно будто родители, приносившие множество тяжелых жертв ради ее увеселения, виноваты в том, что ей нельзя &lt;em&gt;блистать красотой&lt;/em&gt; в более людном месте и полонять сердца блестящих кавалеров. [П. И. Чайковский. Письма Н. Ф. фон-Мекк (1881)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Судя по его словам, Сумароков очень, любил &lt;em&gt;блистать умом&lt;/em&gt; и говорить остроты, которые нынче, вероятно, не казались бы остротами, и любил умничать, что тогда принималось за ум, а ныне было бы очень скучно; например, однажды за столом у моего деда подали кулебяку. [М. А. Дмитриев. Мелочи из запаса моей памяти (1869)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она сказала себе: «Если не могу быть прекрасною и любимою, не могу привлекать к себе взоры и сердца, то буду &lt;em&gt;блистать умом&lt;/em&gt; и заставлю себя заметить и уважить везде за мои нравственные превосходства!» [Е. П. Ростопчина. Счастливая женщина (1851)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не знаю; но сие желание &lt;em&gt;блистать умом&lt;/em&gt;, или казаться глубокомысленным, едва ли не противно истинному вкусу. [Н. М. Карамзин. История государства Российского: Том 1 (1803-1818)] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though in everyday life you should use &lt;strong&gt;блещет&lt;/strong&gt;, but if you need an infinitive, use &lt;strong&gt;блистать&lt;/strong&gt;, still in literature and in the world of arts you can find &lt;strong&gt;блистает&lt;/strong&gt; as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2018-11-02T09:53:23.800" LastActivityDate="2018-11-02T09:53:23.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17436" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17439" CreationDate="2018-11-03T01:12:58.013" Score="4" ViewCount="289" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;В тридевятом царстве, в тридесятом государстве&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;in a Faraway Land&quot;) is a phrase that is used in numerous Russian fairytales.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is царство - тридевятое (3-9ое), and государство - тридесятое (3-10ое)? What is the origin of the phrase? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastActivityDate="2018-11-03T10:43:17.217" Title="The origin of &quot;В тридевятом царстве, в тридесятом государстве&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17436" CreationDate="2018-11-03T08:17:27.380" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a number of ethnographic and cultural studies about what the тридевятое царство, тридесятое государство was in fact, but I believe, that is not the matter of your question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Linguistically, &lt;strong&gt;тридесятый&lt;/strong&gt; is an Old-Russian numeral denoting &lt;strong&gt;тридцатый&lt;/strong&gt;, the thirtieth. And &lt;strong&gt;тридевятый&lt;/strong&gt; seems to be a wordplay based on тридесятый and the fact that it is far enough for one to stop counting. (Compare: сто пятьсот раз.) &lt;strong&gt;The thirtieth kingdom and furthieth country, if you count from our border&lt;/strong&gt; - that's how it can approximately be understood by the listener. Nobody knows the name of that country, for nobody's been there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;furtieth&lt;/strong&gt; is a wordplay denoting a non-existing numeral. You can think of your own one if you please. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-11-03T09:42:11.797" LastActivityDate="2018-11-03T09:42:11.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17443" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-05T09:45:29.493" Score="2" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;В английском языке допустимо сказать, например: &quot;They were depending on me to look after little Ivan&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно ли аналогично выразить это предложение в русском языке через инфинитив? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Они положились на меня последить за маленьким Иваном&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или единственный способ - это придаточное предложение?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Они положились на меня, чтобы я последил за маленьким Иваном&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10864" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-05T11:16:16.337" LastActivityDate="2018-11-05T12:25:23.957" Title="Употребление инфинитива в качестве косвенного дополнения" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17444" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17443" CreationDate="2018-11-05T10:37:42.083" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Оба приведённые вами предложения неправильные, нельзя сказать ни &quot;положились последить&quot; ни &quot;положились, чтобы я проследил&quot; - так попросту не говорят. Если ваш вопрос заключается в том, бывают ли в принципе конструкции с инфинитивом, то конечно бывают, но вот конкретно в этом случае кто-то может сказать &quot;Они очень рассчитывали на то, что я присмотрю за Ваней&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-11-05T10:37:42.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17443" CreationDate="2018-11-05T11:38:38.610" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Они доверили мне присмотреть за маленьким Ванюшей.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В русском языке тоже существуют фразы модальной семантики с инфинитивом. Например,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;попросили&lt;/strong&gt; присмотреть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;предложили&lt;/strong&gt; пойти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;дали&lt;/strong&gt; поспать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;дали возможность&lt;/strong&gt; поступить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;разрешили&lt;/strong&gt; принести&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;позволили&lt;/strong&gt; высказаться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вынудили&lt;/strong&gt; принять меры&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;заставили&lt;/strong&gt; извиниться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-11-05T12:25:23.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17447" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17460" CreationDate="2018-11-06T18:14:56.617" Score="2" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen a lot of different translations like, &quot;компьютер саенс&quot; and &quot;Компьютерные науки&quot; and I was wondering which one is correct&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9762" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T10:03:42.437" Title="Как сказать &quot;Computer Science&quot; по-русски?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17447" CreationDate="2018-11-06T19:17:21.533" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Either &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;s=Computer+Science&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;компьютерные науки&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;информатика&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By no means &lt;strong&gt;компьютер саенс&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-11-06T19:17:21.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17449" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17451" CreationDate="2018-11-06T20:51:44.920" Score="3" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't understand how &quot;Come on!&quot; translates in Russian. I found this phrase in two films. One film says it translates as &quot;Хорошо!&quot; and other says &quot;Давай!&quot;. Google Translate shows &quot;Ну же!&quot; or &quot;Давай!&quot;. &#xA;What is the most suitable phrase?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10883" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T07:48:27.130" Title="How does &quot;Come on!&quot; translates in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17450" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-06T21:07:52.250" Score="2" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;компания мне &lt;strong&gt;не помешает&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;компания мне &lt;strong&gt;не повредит&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder how they differ in usage when used figuratively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-11-08T05:18:03.943" Title="Difference in usage between “не помешает” and “не повредит”" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17449" CreationDate="2018-11-06T21:20:13.983" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the context, therefore &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;come on&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; alone isn't enough for accurate translation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a prompt for action it's &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;давай&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. As a repeated prompt it can be rendered as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;ну же&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a condescending or skeptical dismissal it's &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;да ладно (тебе)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;да брось (ты)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-11-07T07:48:27.130" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T07:48:27.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17450" CreationDate="2018-11-06T23:44:41.600" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;They both can be used figuratively in pretty much the same way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Компания&lt;/em&gt; мне не помешает / не повредит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Чашечка чая&lt;/em&gt; не помешает / не повредит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Немного развлечься&lt;/em&gt; не помешает / не повредит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first thing I associate &amp;quot;не повредит&amp;quot; with is definitely harm that can be done to someone or something. And &amp;quot;не помешает&amp;quot; is like &amp;quot;I could do with something&amp;quot;. So, again, if you are interested in the figurative usage (you are), you can use both expressions without a second thought.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-11-06T23:44:41.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17447" CreationDate="2018-11-07T05:37:40.797" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a college/uni subject it's &quot;информатика&quot;.&#xA;Same as in French (l'informatique).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T05:37:40.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17454" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-07T07:12:06.900" Score="4" ViewCount="271" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't understand the meaning of &lt;code&gt;жена-собственница&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня жена-собственница! Хорошо ли это?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-07T10:19:26.313" LastActivityDate="2018-11-25T23:45:50.380" Title="What does &quot;жена-собственница&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17454" CreationDate="2018-11-07T07:40:48.983" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Жена-собственница is an extremely possessive, jealous wife. Собственник/собственница can describe a wife, husband, girlfriend or boyfriend. Also, it's sometimes used to describe a mother who has become overly possessive of her son.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2018-11-07T07:50:02.703" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T07:50:02.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17456" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-07T08:01:19.073" Score="3" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it appropriate to leave out замуж like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она чего вышла за этого мужчину?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-07T09:30:18.553" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T23:01:25.617" Title="In informal speech, can you leave замуж out from &quot;выйти замуж&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17457" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-07T08:30:48.403" Score="1" ViewCount="208" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just said in conversation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Как же типично для меня&lt;/strong&gt; потерять что-то важное перед командировкой!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if this works as an equivalent of the sarcastic expression &quot;Trust me/you to (lose ...!)&quot; or &quot;Leave it to me/you to (lose ...!)&quot; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do Russian speakers commonly express this idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-11-09T07:25:24.817" Title="Russian equivalent of the sarcastic expression &quot;Trust me to ...!&quot; or &quot;Leave it to me to ...!&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17456" CreationDate="2018-11-07T09:10:31.540" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it's OK because it's clear what is meant. Выйти за кого-то = to get married.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2018-11-07T23:01:25.617" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T23:01:25.617" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17457" CreationDate="2018-11-07T09:14:07.687" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's right. This can be an equivalent of those expressions meaning &quot;it's so typical of me to lose something important right before a business trip!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the alternatives, here are a few:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне что-то важное потерять перед командировкой - &lt;strong&gt;как с горы катиться&lt;/strong&gt; (informal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне только волю дай&lt;/strong&gt; что-нибудь важное перед командировкой забыть!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне ничего не стоит&lt;/strong&gt; потерять что-то важное перед командировкой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2018-11-07T09:29:39.520" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T09:29:39.520" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17447" CreationDate="2018-11-07T10:03:42.437" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Информатика&quot; is the closest you can get. In the Russian-language &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiki article&lt;/a&gt; on &quot;Computer Science&quot; you can find more about the history of this term in different languages. In the same article you can find also term &quot;наука о вычислительной технике&quot; which is used but very, very limited. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The strange thing about &quot;информатика&quot; that it de-facto getting slightly outdated (like it happened with &quot;кибернетика&quot; earlier) but there's no decent word or phrase we can use and claim to be modern. Nobody says &quot;компьютер сайенс&quot; though, that's for sure. For the lack of a better term one can use just computer science. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T10:03:42.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17454" CreationDate="2018-11-07T10:12:14.800" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was going o say &quot;authoritarian wife&quot; but googling hints that this term has not that subtle sexual connotation that by no means applicable for &lt;code&gt;жена-собственница&lt;/code&gt;. So it's about a wife who's quite annoying it her attempts to over control, most likely quite jealous. It's not gender biased though, the masculine &lt;code&gt;собственник&lt;/code&gt; uses as much frequently.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T10:12:14.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17462" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17470" CreationDate="2018-11-07T17:13:28.373" Score="1" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUh9pThGdm4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian political pop song&lt;/a&gt; the singer declares her admiration for Putin and says she wants: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Такого, как Путин, полного сил&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The syntax of the last two words is not clear to me:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Indeed, &lt;em&gt;сил&lt;/em&gt; seems to be the plural genitive of the feminine noun &lt;em&gt;силa&lt;/em&gt;, and  &lt;em&gt;полного&lt;/em&gt; the singular masculine genitive of the adjective &lt;em&gt;полный&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Could somebody please explain what is going on?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3917" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-08T08:06:56.653" LastActivityDate="2018-11-08T11:20:13.370" Title="Syntax of &quot;полного сил&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17450" CreationDate="2018-11-07T17:30:12.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They differ in the degree of usefulness/harmfulness implied. &quot;Не помешает&quot; implies that something can be in fact good, while &quot;не повредит&quot; often means that something is merely not going to do any harm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Одна рюмочка мне не повредит&quot; - &quot;One shot of liquor won't harm me&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Одна рюмочка мне не помешает&quot; - &quot;One shot of liquor would be welcome&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in many other contexts, when the subject is essentially harmless (like tea) &quot;не повредит&quot;/&quot;не помешает&quot; are full synonyms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2018-11-08T05:18:03.943" LastActivityDate="2018-11-08T05:18:03.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17462" CreationDate="2018-11-07T18:06:33.723" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're generally correct. &quot;Полный&quot; usually means &quot;overweight&quot; but can also mean &quot;full of&quot;.&#xA;So &quot;Полный сил&quot; = &quot;Full of energy&quot;, just used in genitive in the song.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11177" LastActivityDate="2018-11-07T18:06:33.723" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17469" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17457" CreationDate="2018-11-08T06:59:59.873" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;We may say the following. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я так всегда: как&lt;/strong&gt; надо собираться, я теряю ключи. (or Я - как всегда...) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Это так на тебя похоже:&lt;/strong&gt; выехал из дому и забыл чемодан. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В этом он весь&lt;/strong&gt;, вечно забывает всё, что нужно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ну это же я&lt;/strong&gt;, положила на видном месте, теперь не могу найти. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ничего удивительного&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;она может и голову дома забыть&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Да как обычно: как&lt;/strong&gt; надо собираться, &lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt; у тебя ничего нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And also all the ways to express annoyance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-11-08T07:09:21.627" LastActivityDate="2018-11-08T07:09:21.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17462" CreationDate="2018-11-08T11:20:13.370" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Полного&quot; is in genitive because it takes the same case as &quot;такого&quot;. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Такой, как Путин, полный сил  - nominative&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Такому, как Путин, полному сил - dative&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таким, как Путин, полным сил - instrumental&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Сил&quot; is in genitive because it's the expression &quot;full &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; ...&quot; - &quot;полный сил&quot;, &quot;полный энергии&quot;, &quot;полный счастья&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2018-11-08T11:20:13.370" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17473" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17474" CreationDate="2018-11-08T13:22:27.180" Score="3" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both Katzner's English-Russian and Oxford English-Russian dictionary translate dice as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;игральние кости -- dice&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;играть в кости -- to play dice&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But neither of them actually include the phrase &amp;quot;to roll dice.&amp;quot; The answer by shabunc in &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/906/tile-based-game/907#907&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; Russian stackexchange question includes a quote talking about a dice game, but it also doesn't have any verbs talking about dice rolling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Google Translate&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not having luck finding articles about how to talk about games in russian, but plugging different phrasings of &lt;code&gt;rolling the dice&lt;/code&gt; into Google translate comes up with the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;roll the dice --&amp;gt; бросить кости&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to roll dice --&amp;gt; бросить кубики&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;he rolled the dice --&amp;gt; он закатил кости&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;he rolled a 7 on the dice --&amp;gt; он закатил семь на кости&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking back at the dictionaries for what &lt;code&gt;закатить&lt;/code&gt; means, Katzner says (and Oxford is pretty similar):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;закатывать / закатить -- to roll; wheel (into, under, behind, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither gives rolling dice as an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Questions&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(given how flaky google translate sometimes is) Is google translate correct about how you talk about rolling dice? As in -- can you use either закатить or бросить?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Can кости be used interchangeably with кубики?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If google's wrong, how do you phrase it? What verbs do you use?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How do you talk about the results of a die roll / what number you rolled?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7611" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-11-08T19:47:58.077" Title="How to talk about rolling dice" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17473" CreationDate="2018-11-08T13:55:50.253" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;dice - &quot;игральные кости&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, they may also be called &lt;code&gt;&quot;кубики&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;rolling the dice&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;&quot;Бросить кубики&quot;&lt;/code&gt; in context, the player must roll the dice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ответ &#xA;  1. «Кидать кости», «Бросать кубики». &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Да. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the result is voiced each digit separately «Шесть - Пять», «Один-Один»&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11182" LastEditorUserId="11182" LastEditDate="2018-11-08T14:06:25.577" LastActivityDate="2018-11-08T14:06:25.577" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17473" CreationDate="2018-11-08T18:08:05.800" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Закатил кости&quot; sounds strange. ) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он бросил кости. Выпало 7. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A less frequent variant might be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он выбросил 7 на костях. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-11-08T18:08:05.800" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17473" CreationDate="2018-11-08T19:47:58.077" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is how I would talk about rolling a dice to my son:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Чья очередь кидать кубик? Твоя? Давай, кидай! Сколько у тебя выпало? Пять? А у меня шесть!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me &quot;играть в кости&quot; sounds old, something a Treasure Island pirate might do. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Definitely not &quot;закатить кости&quot;... unless we are talking about a pirate rolling a wheelbarrow full of bones!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-11-08T19:47:58.077" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17457" CreationDate="2018-11-08T21:49:00.270" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some other options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;these have undertone of disappointment and annoyance&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;А)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;всегда/вечно я чего-нибудь/куда-нибудь/с кем-нибудь etc.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;+ future perfective&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;present&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всегда/Вечно я чего-нибудь (да) (по)теряю перед командировкой.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Всегда/Вечно я куда-нибудь не туда заеду/заезжаю.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Всегда/Вечно я свяжусь/связываюсь с каким-нибудь жуликом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;всегда/обязательно/вечно я должен что-нибудь/куда-нибудь/с кем-нибудь etc.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;+ perfective infinitive&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всегда/Вечно/Обязательно я должен чего-нибудь потерять перед командировкой.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Всегда/Вечно/Обязательно я должен куда-нибудь не туда заехать.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Всегда/Вечно/Обязательно я должен связаться с каким-нибудь жуликом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;С)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;я (просто) не могу, чтобы не&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;+ perfective infinitive&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я (просто) не могу, чтобы чего-нибудь не потерять перед командировкой.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я (просто) не могу, чтобы не заехать куда-нибудь не туда.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я (просто) не могу, чтобы не связаться с каким-нибудь жуликом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;D)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;если бы я не&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;+ past imperfective&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;это был бы не я&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если бы я ничего не потерял перед командировкой, это был бы не я.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Если бы я не заехал не туда, это был бы не я.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Если бы я не связался с жуликом, это был бы не я.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;II.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;these have undertone of irony&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;для меня - пара пустяков/(да) я запросто могу&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;+ perfective infinitive&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;я - мастер&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;+ imperfective infinitive&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я - мастер попадать в неприятные ситуации.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-11-09T07:25:24.817" LastActivityDate="2018-11-09T07:25:24.817" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17478" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-09T02:18:47.257" Score="4" ViewCount="867" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I'm asking &quot;How are you?&quot; to a singular person in a formal way, why to I say &quot;Как Ваши дела&quot; instead of &quot;Как Ваш дела&quot;? Does &quot;Как Ваш дела&quot; mean anything?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11186" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-09T12:35:04.680" LastActivityDate="2018-11-09T12:35:04.680" Title="&quot;Как Ваш дела&quot; vs &quot;Как Ваши дела&quot;" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17478" CreationDate="2018-11-09T02:25:20.280" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;We use &lt;em&gt;Ваши&lt;/em&gt; because it is for the plural &lt;em&gt;дела&lt;/em&gt;. The whole phrase is in the Nominative case, just like, for example, мои друзья (мои друзья здесь), твои книги (твои книги интересные), &lt;strong&gt;Ваши&lt;/strong&gt; столы (Ваши столы красивые) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When we ask somebody about how something/someone is, we use the &lt;strong&gt;Nominative&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как ваши друзья? - Хорошо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как твой проект? - Плохо. BUT Как &lt;em&gt;твои&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;проекты&lt;/em&gt;? - Плохо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как Ваши дела? - Отлично.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Как Ваш дела&quot; is ungrammatical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastActivityDate="2018-11-09T02:25:20.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17478" CreationDate="2018-11-09T06:00:09.413" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does &quot;Как Ваш дела&quot; mean anything?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, it's a mistake. The pronoun should be in the plural because it refers to the plural noun дела. &lt;strong&gt;Ваши&lt;/strong&gt; is a polite form and it can be used addressing one person and a group as well. If you know a person well you can say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как твои дела?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also informal greetings avoiding the addressee (we don't say possessive pronouns as often as they are used in English)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как дела? Как жизнь? Как оно ничего?(joking) Что новенького?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2018-11-09T06:00:09.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17482" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17484" CreationDate="2018-11-12T12:37:16.483" Score="4" ViewCount="303" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although it is sometimes taught that there is no soft ж in Russian, in fact this is not so and many Russians pronounce a soft ж in the word дрожжи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What other Russian words contain a ж which is pronounced soft in standard or at least common pronunciation? And what are some good rules for remembering when a ж should be pronounced soft?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11194" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T15:13:48.350" Title="What Russian words other than &quot;дрожжи&quot; have a soft ж in common pronunciation?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17484" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17482" CreationDate="2018-11-12T13:48:48.593" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apparently palatalization of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[ж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;MAY&lt;/strong&gt; occur in cases of its phonetic gemination &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[жж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; due to assimilation of an adjacent phoneme of the word root. In all such cases this adjacent phoneme can alternate with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[ж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in other roots as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other such words are: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;дожди&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (rains) - which can be pronounced &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[дажжи]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; due to assimilation of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[д]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; able to alternate with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[ж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in other roots as well: са&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt; - са&lt;strong&gt;ж&lt;/strong&gt;ать, си&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;еть - си&lt;strong&gt;ж&lt;/strong&gt;у  etc.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;подожди&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (wait!) - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[падажжи]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; for reason as in 1)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;позже&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (later) - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[пожже]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; due to assimilation of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[з]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; able to alternate with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[ж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in other roots as well: ла&lt;strong&gt;з&lt;/strong&gt;ить - ла&lt;strong&gt;ж&lt;/strong&gt;у, во&lt;strong&gt;з&lt;/strong&gt;ить - во&lt;strong&gt;ж&lt;/strong&gt;у  etc.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;вожжи&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (reins) - this is conventional spelling, which can also have the form of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;возжи&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; because its root is essentially &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;воз&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; just like in the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;возить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; mentioned above, so the reason for gemination &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[жж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is as in 3)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;4а) also sing. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;вожжа&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - which can be pronounced as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[вожжя]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;жжёт&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (burns) - this is conventional spelling, where the gemination &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[жж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; occurs due to assimilation of the root phoneme &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[г]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which features in such cognates as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;зажиГать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;ожоГ&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and which is able to alternate with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[ж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in other roots as well: бо&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt; - бо&lt;strong&gt;ж&lt;/strong&gt;иться, мо&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;у - мо&lt;strong&gt;ж&lt;/strong&gt;ет, ло&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt; - ло&lt;strong&gt;ж&lt;/strong&gt;бина, ро&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt; - ро&lt;strong&gt;ж&lt;/strong&gt;ок, дру&lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt; - дру&lt;strong&gt;ж&lt;/strong&gt;ить etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the gemination &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[жж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;дрожжи&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which is conventional spelling like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;жжёт&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, can't be explained by reference to its root or other Russian words, because the word is unique. However it can be explained by reference to its &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B6%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;etymology&lt;/a&gt; and equivalents in other Slavic languages&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Происходит от праслав. *drozga, от кот. в числе прочего произошли:&#xA;  ст.-слав. дрождиѩ мн. (Син. Пс.), укр. дрíжджi, дрíщi, болг. дро́ждие,&#xA;  сербохорв. дро̀жда ж., словенск. drôzga «отвар солода», чешск. droždí&#xA;  «дрожжи», словацк. droždie мн., польск. drożdże, в.-луж. droždźe,&#xA;  н.-луж. droždźeje.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently it derives from the root &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;дрожд&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;дрозг&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Whatever the case, all &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;д&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;з&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can (as shown above) assimilate into or alternate with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to fashion gemination &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;дроЖЖи&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Дажжи&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (дожди) и &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;падажжи&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (подожди) are different from the rest in this list in that palatalized pronunciation of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[жж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in them is the &lt;strong&gt;only&lt;/strong&gt; option. Their penultimate phoneme &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[д]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is palatalized in the normative pronunciation due to &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[и]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, so after its assimilation into &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[ж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; the palatalization is simply kept. &#xA;The other words allow for alternative pronunciation, either with or without palatalization.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-08T15:13:48.350" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T15:13:48.350" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17482" CreationDate="2018-11-12T13:52:42.893" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96#%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B8_%C2%AB%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%C2%BB_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; lists the following words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;до[ж’ж’]и (дожди)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;дро[ж’ж’]и (дрожжи)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;по[ж’ж’]е (позже)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;е[ж’ж’]у (езжу) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ви[ж’ж’]ять (визжать)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;дребе[ж’ж’]ять (дребезжать)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бре[ж’ж’]ить (брезжить)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We don't hear much of the soft Ж these days. You are more likely to hear a hard Ж in the words above and [жд] in &lt;strong&gt;дожди&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-11-12T13:52:42.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17486" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17487" CreationDate="2018-11-12T15:14:27.123" Score="4" ViewCount="355" Body="&lt;p&gt;I start to studied Russian one month ago. My teacher show me how to use родительный падеж and дательный падеж but i really don't understand the differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example if I want to say:&#xA;He give me a rose - он подарил мне розу &#xA;why I use мне and not м&lt;strong&gt;Е&lt;/strong&gt;ня ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кому or кого meaning always &quot;To Whom?&quot; so how can I understand the difference between родительный падеж and дательный падеж if the question is always same and also the translation of мне / м&lt;strong&gt;Е&lt;/strong&gt;ня? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/S5hD0.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/S5hD0.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Rules&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11195" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-11-12T16:45:53.300" LastActivityDate="2018-11-12T18:35:56.813" Title="родительный падеж and дательный падеж how to choose мне or мня?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17486" CreationDate="2018-11-12T17:33:29.427" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Dative case (дательный падеж) is used for the addressee in 'give':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он дал &lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt; книгу. = Он дал книгу &lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;He gave &lt;strong&gt;me&lt;/strong&gt; the book. = He gave the book &lt;strong&gt;to me&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mi&lt;/strong&gt; ha dato il libro. = Lui ha dato il libro &lt;strong&gt;a me&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Accusative case (винительный падеж) is used for the direct object of the action:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он дал мне &lt;strong&gt;книгу&lt;/strong&gt;. (&lt;code&gt;книгу&lt;/code&gt; is the Accusative of &lt;code&gt;книга&lt;/code&gt;, book)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он спросил &lt;strong&gt;меня&lt;/strong&gt;. (&lt;code&gt;меня&lt;/code&gt; is the Accusative of &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt;, I)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Genitive case (родительный падеж) often appears after prepositions like &lt;strong&gt;без, у, от&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Иди без &lt;strong&gt;меня&lt;/strong&gt;. - Go without me.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У &lt;strong&gt;меня&lt;/strong&gt; есть книга. - I have a book.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What complicates matters a bit, &lt;strong&gt;меня&lt;/strong&gt; can be either Genitive or Accusative, depending on context. In &quot;Он спросил меня&quot; it's Accusative, not Genitive. Your teacher is mistaken.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-11-12T18:35:56.813" LastActivityDate="2018-11-12T18:35:56.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17488" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17482" CreationDate="2018-11-12T19:39:57.230" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most common of such words that is also commonly mispronounced is дождь. Often even native speakers pronounce it with a soft д at the end which is not supposed to be. Here’s how it’s pronounced in a famous &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/-uCTyC1FGLw?t=14&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;song from 1990s&lt;/a&gt;, here’s a standard &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Ru-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%8C_(%C9%95).ogg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pronunciation&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A less common word is вожжи, a horse tack.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3595" LastEditorUserId="3595" LastEditDate="2018-11-12T19:50:07.540" LastActivityDate="2018-11-12T19:50:07.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17489" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-12T21:56:06.657" Score="4" ViewCount="386" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have learned that when expressing possession in Russian, the object you possess is in nominative case and genitive case when it is not (i.e. you don't have it). So based on that, I'd say the former is correct, however I have been seeing the second one as well (especially when expressing &quot;an amount&quot;, e.g. a lot, little etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to say &quot;Right now, I only have little time&quot;; however, I keep seeing two translations for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which one of the two is correct, or if both are, when is the latter used? I haven't found anything on that unfortunately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11197" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-11-13T07:30:29.560" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T09:00:54.673" Title="&quot;Сейчас у меня есть мало время&quot; or &quot;Сейчас у меня есть мало времени&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17489" CreationDate="2018-11-12T22:05:55.887" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The second one is correct, except one thing.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's much better to use &lt;code&gt;совсем немного&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;мало&lt;/code&gt; here, or just omit the verb &lt;code&gt;есть&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сейчас у меня есть совсем немного времени.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Сейчас у меня мало времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2018-11-12T22:05:55.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17489" CreationDate="2018-11-12T22:38:34.503" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сейчас у меня есть мало время&lt;/code&gt; is not correct. However, &lt;code&gt;сейчас у меня есть время&lt;/code&gt; would be perfectly fine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact is we use the &lt;strong&gt;Genitive&lt;/strong&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;мало&lt;/strong&gt; (as well as with &lt;strong&gt;немного&lt;/strong&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня &lt;em&gt;мало&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;денег&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У нас &lt;em&gt;немного&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;ресурсов&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У неё &lt;em&gt;мало&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;хороших оценок&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;code&gt;сейчас у меня есть мало времени&lt;/code&gt; should be OK. But we usually omit &lt;code&gt;есть&lt;/code&gt; when using &lt;code&gt;мало&lt;/code&gt;. So, we'd say &lt;code&gt;У меня есть деньги&lt;/code&gt; but &lt;code&gt;У меня мало денег&lt;/code&gt;; &lt;code&gt;У меня есть время&lt;/code&gt; but &lt;code&gt;У меня мало времени&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly, if we use немного, &lt;code&gt;есть&lt;/code&gt; sounds quite natural: &lt;code&gt;У нас немного времени&lt;/code&gt; (the fact that you have &lt;em&gt;not much&lt;/em&gt; time is emphasized); &lt;code&gt;У нас есть немного времени&lt;/code&gt; (the fact that you &lt;em&gt;have&lt;/em&gt; not much time is emphasized). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2018-11-12T22:48:52.790" LastActivityDate="2018-11-12T22:48:52.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17489" CreationDate="2018-11-12T23:01:08.760" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сейчас у меня [есть] мало времени&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is correct as already pointed out, save for the use of the verb &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt;, which here is only implied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sentence Genitive case stems from the relationship between the quantitative pronoun &lt;strong&gt;мало&lt;/strong&gt; and the noun &lt;strong&gt;время&lt;/strong&gt; and not from the implied verb &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So without the pronoun the case is Nominal as expected and with the verb &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt; intact&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сейчас у меня есть время&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However with the pronoun &lt;strong&gt;мало&lt;/strong&gt;, which is the bare subject of the sentence, the Genitive form of &lt;strong&gt;время -&gt; времени&lt;/strong&gt; answers the question &lt;strong&gt;(мало) чего?&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;(little) of what?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likewise with other quantitative pronouns &lt;strong&gt;много, немного, немало, столько, несколько, сколько?&lt;/strong&gt;, also &lt;strong&gt;чуть-чуть&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;полно́&lt;/strong&gt; which function as pronouns, and with synonyms of those.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-11-13T09:00:54.673" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T09:00:54.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17489" CreationDate="2018-11-13T07:05:50.413" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Сейчас у меня есть мало времени&quot; sounds grammarically correct, but it is lexically strange. &lt;strong&gt;We don't say so.&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;It can fall into two meanings, each of them expressed separately. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) I am short of time = I don't have enough time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня мало времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That really means that I don't have time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) I have some time, I can do something quickly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня есть немного времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That means that I do have time, though not so much, but I'll try and do the thing for which I have it. &#xA;If you say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня есть время,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it means you are free to do what you are planning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-11-13T07:05:50.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14766" CreationDate="2018-11-14T05:48:02.170" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another origin story traces the name back to an indigenous man. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Steller&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Georg Wilhelm Steller&lt;/a&gt;'s 1740s-era &lt;a href=&quot;https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/5487550&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;History of Kamchatka&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The name Kamchatka was given to this land when the Russian Cossacks conquered it, because they learned from the heathen people through sign language that their name for the Kamchatka River, which is the largest in the entire land, was Konshatka, and for that reason the Cossacks called all of the land's inhabitants Kamchadali, as was their custom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The name &lt;em&gt;Konshat&lt;/em&gt; is the name of a much admired, very famous man from the past, who lived on this river.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-05-19T16:45:23.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17495" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17496" CreationDate="2018-11-15T05:58:38.887" Score="1" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do we say на Фиджи / на Мальдивы / на Шри-Ланку but в Японию / в Ирландию / в Исландию?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the 6 countries are island countries. But Fiji, the Maldives and Sri Lanka are smaller than Japan, Ireland or Iceland (although the size of Iceland is almost the same as the one of Ireland). Does size matter when choosing the preposition for an island country? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2018-11-15T06:07:57.020" LastActivityDate="2018-11-15T09:02:22.603" Title="Prepositions used with island countries" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17495" CreationDate="2018-11-15T07:57:21.500" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Being an island is something that encourages usage of &lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt;, but not sets it in stone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;на&lt;/em&gt; is rarely (if ever) used with the names in &lt;em&gt;-ия/-ея&lt;/em&gt;, so we use &lt;em&gt;в Новую Зеландию, в Японию, в Папуа — Новую Гвинею&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some regions are located on an island or an archipelago but are historically used with &lt;em&gt;в&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;в Сингапур, в Доминикану&lt;/em&gt; (but &lt;em&gt;на Гаити&lt;/em&gt;, even though the two share the same island)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, &lt;em&gt;на Гоа&lt;/em&gt; is widely used in Russian, even though it's not an island region, although many Russian speakers object to this usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-11-15T08:42:23.640" LastActivityDate="2018-11-15T08:42:23.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17495" CreationDate="2018-11-15T08:00:19.913" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It may have to do with the presence of the ending &lt;strong&gt;-ия&lt;/strong&gt; in the name, which precludes its association with an isle, perhaps because of gender discrepancy between the words &lt;strong&gt;остров&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;masc&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; (which requires preposition &lt;strong&gt;НА&lt;/strong&gt;) and those ending with &lt;strong&gt;-ия&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;fem&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; (which tend to require preposition &lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt;),  also &lt;strong&gt;В Британии&lt;/strong&gt;. However  &lt;strong&gt;НА Сицилии&lt;/strong&gt; - so may be not or not in all cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-11-15T08:00:19.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17495" CreationDate="2018-11-15T08:00:58.333" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, strictly speaking there's no such island as Japan, one say &quot;на Хоккайдо&quot; but &quot;в Японии&quot;. So there's no more mystery in that  in, say, &quot;на Бали&quot; ad opposed to &quot;в Индонезии&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With Фиджи it's slightly more complicated. While there's no such island as well, the whole archipelago is called Fiji, so you can say &quot;в Фиджи&quot; when you refer to it as a country or &quot;на Фиджи&quot; when you think about it as a group of islands. In colloquial speech this is used quite often interchangeably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, generally speaking when you refer to a destination as a state, you use &quot;в&quot; (like in &quot;в Шри-Ланке&quot;), you use &quot;на&quot; when you talk about an island (like in &quot;на Шри-Ланке&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some notable exceptions though - Ирландия, Исландия, (and Великобритания by the way) are islands but &quot;на&quot;-firm is never used. This exceptions are important and the only thing can be done - is to memorize them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-15T09:02:22.603" LastActivityDate="2018-11-15T09:02:22.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17499" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-15T08:16:07.927" Score="5" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Из дома вдруг вышла Даша - красивая девочка с огромными белыми бантами и в зеленом платье, из которого она тоже уже, по-моему,выросла.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Скажите пожалуйста,как понимать выражение &quot;из платья выросла девочка&quot;?&#xA;это имеется в виду, что платье старое. Оно уже маленькое для нее. Или тут еще другие значения. Спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11145" LastActivityDate="2018-11-15T13:40:36.613" Title="что значит &quot;Из платья выросла девочка&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17499" CreationDate="2018-11-15T08:35:01.703" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это значит, что платье уже не по ней, то есть Даша уже великовата для него. Тут скорее всего имеется ввиду, что платье уже не подходит по &lt;strong&gt;размеру&lt;/strong&gt;. Но, возможно, само платье слишком детское (по &lt;strong&gt;дизайну&lt;/strong&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2018-11-15T11:19:21.953" LastActivityDate="2018-11-15T11:19:21.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17499" CreationDate="2018-11-15T10:26:40.577" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a pun (каламбур), actually: выйти из дома means literally &quot;leave home&quot;, and вырасти из платья means that the dress is too small for her. As both phrases have totally different sense but common structure (verb + preposition из meaning from, or out of, + noun in genitive case), a comical/pun effect is reached here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2442" LastActivityDate="2018-11-15T10:26:40.577" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17502" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-15T10:46:44.893" Score="2" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are they just interchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastActivityDate="2018-11-15T11:52:24.727" Title="What's the difference between говорить по-английски and говорить на английском?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17502" CreationDate="2018-11-15T11:14:02.620" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, they are interchangeable. However, sometimes &lt;code&gt;по-ангийски&lt;/code&gt; sounds a bit more natural than &lt;code&gt;на английском&lt;/code&gt;. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы говорите по-английски? (Do you speak English?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;По-английски&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;usually&lt;/strong&gt; used when we talk about somebody's ability to use the language. It's not that &lt;code&gt;Вы говорите на английсокм (языке)&lt;/code&gt; is wrong. If fact it's not. But &lt;code&gt;по-английски&lt;/code&gt; is shorter, and definitely more common when asking someone if they speak English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы говорит на английском? Я что-то не понял. - Нет, я говорю на немецком. &lt;em&gt;(In this situation the person who is asking the question is not sure whether it's English he hears, so he is making sure it's really English. Note that if you say Вы говорите по-английски? instead, it should be fine too, since the context makes the situation clear)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пожалуйста не перебивайте меня, когда я говорю на английском. Я могу сбиться. &lt;em&gt;(Again, it's quite possible to say когда я говорю по-английски instead)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: When you mean someone's general ability to speak, you may want to use &lt;code&gt;по-английски&lt;/code&gt;, not &lt;code&gt;на английском&lt;/code&gt;. When you mean something else, the two phrases seem to be interchangeable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Текст написан на английсом &lt;em&gt;или&lt;/em&gt; текст написан по-английски &lt;em&gt;(though на английском sounds just a bit better to me personally; it sounds a bit more professional, I would say)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда он говорит по-английски (&lt;em&gt;или&lt;/em&gt; на английском) , всё понятно - у него очень хорошее произношение. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2018-11-15T11:52:24.727" LastActivityDate="2018-11-15T11:52:24.727" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17499" CreationDate="2018-11-15T13:40:36.613" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мы не говорим &quot;из платья выросла девочка&quot;, мы говорим &quot;девочка выросла из платья&quot;. &#xA;Первое бы значило, что было платье, а потом из него, как растение их семечки, выросла девочка, а второе - что девочка стала больше, а платье осталось маленьким, и теперь оно ей мало. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Точно так же дети вырастают из штанишек, любой другой одежды.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-Чудеса! - сказала Люба.-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Шуба длинная была,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В сундуке лежала шуба,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Стала шуба мне мала. (Агния Барто, 1969)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Аналогично мы вырастаем из чего-то в переносном смысле. &quot;Мы уже выросли из поверхностного подхода к бизнесу&quot; - означает, что раньше мы практиковали поверхностный подход, но сейчас мы сильно продвинулись, и больше так не делаем. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-11-15T13:40:36.613" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17505" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-15T17:36:03.697" Score="3" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;с глазу на глаз&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think глазу is in genitive. Is глазу́ in locative and with an accent in the last syllable, although с is usually combined with genitive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-16T11:11:11.910" LastActivityDate="2018-11-16T11:11:11.910" Title="Is глазу in locative in &quot;с глазу на глаз&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17505" CreationDate="2018-11-15T18:09:16.367" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It actually &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; genitive and the stress is on the first syllable: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;с гла́зу на́ глаз&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The genitive ending -у is retained in quite a few set expressions such as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бе́з толк&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;, и́з лес&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;, не зна́я бро́д&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; не су́йся в во́ду&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stressed prepositions and particles are also signs of a well-established expression or just a frequently-used collocation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бе́з году неде́ля, встать на́ ноги, взять за́ руку, не́ за что, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-11-15T18:38:54.527" LastActivityDate="2018-11-15T18:38:54.527" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17508" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-16T15:44:26.470" Score="2" ViewCount="407" Body="&lt;p&gt;is there a russian equivalent to that idiom?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit:&#xA;The meaning is not literal but, typically, a commentary on how there is no judging for taste — what one person may think is worthless may be cherished by another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, someone might want to throw out their old clothes, which are trash to them, but another person might want those clothes, e.g. for arts and craft. those clothes are therefore treasure&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11209" LastEditorUserId="11209" LastEditDate="2018-11-16T17:24:04.330" LastActivityDate="2018-11-19T01:43:28.353" Title="Equivalent of &quot;One man's trash is another man's treasure&quot;?" Tags="&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17508" CreationDate="2018-11-16T18:18:42.790" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can't think of anything having quite that meaning but by way of extrapolation the following might work&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кому война, а кому мать родна&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which means that someone's misfortunes are someone else's luck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;s=One+man%27s+trash+is+another+man%27s+treasure&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Multitran&lt;/a&gt; doesn't give any natively Russian equivalents either aside from another extrapolated proverb&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Что русскому хорошо, (то) немцу смерть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both are based on contrast in experience like the English one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still if all else fails literal translation will do&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Что для одного - (му)сор, (то) для другого - клад/сокровище&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Одному (му)сор - другому клад/сокровище&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Кому (му)сор, а кому (и) клад/сокровище&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or we may try to make it sound like a proverb since many of them rhyme&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Что одним не надо, тому другие рады&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Что одним не надо, то другим - награда&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Что тебе не надо, то мне - награда&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Тебе не надо, а мне - награда&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and license it under CC0&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And for lulz the version of Google Translate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мусор одного человека - это еще одно мужское сокровище&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-11-17T07:32:39.097" LastActivityDate="2018-11-17T07:32:39.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17508" CreationDate="2018-11-19T01:43:28.353" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another version which I think is canonical translation is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;На вкус и цвет товарища нет&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. It is translates to: &quot;You can't find a friend judging by someones preferences in taste and color&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a humorous version: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;На вкус и цвет все фломастеры разные&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. Translation: &quot;Judging by taste and color all felt-tip pen are different&quot;. Not sure about &quot;felt-tip pen&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4803" LastActivityDate="2018-11-19T01:43:28.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17512" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17513" CreationDate="2018-11-19T16:54:32.213" Score="2" ViewCount="136" Body="&lt;p&gt;Встретил поговорку в словаре Даля «Пословицы русского народа»: &lt;code&gt;Старики хилеют, молодые пореют.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В толковом же словаре Даля есть толкование глаголу &quot;Пореть&quot;:&#xA;&lt;code&gt;ПОРЕТЬ, см. парить, пора.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что же означает это слово, корректно ли его так приводить и откуда вообще идут его корни?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10903" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-20T11:00:24.957" LastActivityDate="2018-11-20T11:25:14.370" Title="Архаичное слово &quot;пореть&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17512" CreationDate="2018-11-19T17:50:17.903" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пореют (пореть)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; -- устаревшее слово. Оно означает &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;взрослеть, мужать, крепчать, входить в пору&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Этимологически слово &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пореть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; берет свое начало от слова &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;переть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; в значении давить. Напор, отпор. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Порый&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; – в старину здоровый, крепкий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подробнее: &lt;a href=&quot;https://obrazovaka.ru/proverochnoe-slovo/pora.html#ixzz5XORsVtl3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://obrazovaka.ru/proverochnoe-slovo/pora.html#ixzz5XORsVtl3&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2018-11-20T11:25:14.370" LastActivityDate="2018-11-20T11:25:14.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17062" CreationDate="2018-11-20T17:21:08.220" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As written in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books?id=391EAAAAcAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA385&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Словарь церковнославянского и русского языка (1847)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Намылить шею&lt;/em&gt;, значит поколотить по шее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From this it follows that the meaning of expression &lt;code&gt;Намылить шею&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;to apply soap on a neck&lt;/code&gt;) was initially “beat on the neck someone”, and then transformed into a simple “beat up someone”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;P.S.&#xA;It's very interesting that from the same dictionary we've got.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Намылить кому либо голову&lt;/em&gt;, значит сделать выговоръ. &lt;em&gt;“За чужую вину мне намылили голову.”&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Намылить голову&lt;/code&gt; (literally &lt;code&gt;to apply soap on a head&lt;/code&gt;) also has a negative color, but in this case had different meaning similar to english idiom “rake over the coals“&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10903" LastEditorUserId="10903" LastEditDate="2018-11-20T17:28:51.523" LastActivityDate="2018-11-20T17:28:51.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17515" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17516" CreationDate="2018-11-20T18:41:19.900" Score="0" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have listened to it about a thousand times and i still cannot get it , зелёный &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it like this zyelyoный? I can say the end but is the beginning right, thank you  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastActivityDate="2018-11-20T19:26:31.627" Title="Pronunciation of зелёный" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17515" CreationDate="2018-11-20T19:26:31.627" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, but avoid the hard connection in the &lt;strong&gt;zye&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;lyo&lt;/strong&gt;, the phoneme &lt;strong&gt;[y]&lt;/strong&gt; should not create a barrier between the adjacent sounds, instead it must smoothly connect them so the 1st flows into the 3d. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also mind you that due to reduction in an unstressed position &lt;strong&gt;зе-&lt;/strong&gt; should be pronounced as &lt;strong&gt;зи-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I would transcribe them as &lt;strong&gt;zee&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;lio&lt;/strong&gt; or better yet, with the view of the English pronunciation as &lt;strong&gt;leo&lt;/strong&gt; -&gt; &lt;strong&gt;zeeleoniy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-11-20T19:26:31.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17518" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17519" CreationDate="2018-11-20T23:33:27.540" Score="2" ViewCount="134" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rule is &quot;е&quot; sounds like &quot;ye&quot; after a vowel, does the  е[ye] have to be right in front of the vowel to sound like [ye] or can it be anywhere behind &quot;e&quot; throughout the word? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-11-21T13:32:42.380" LastActivityDate="2018-11-21T23:14:03.363" Title="Rule of &quot;е&quot; after a vowel" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17518" CreationDate="2018-11-21T00:07:45.353" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right. If &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; is preceded by a vowel, it is read as &lt;code&gt;je&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мо&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;т, стира&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;т, убира&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;т, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We will also read &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;je&lt;/code&gt; if a words starts with the letter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;нот, &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;щё, &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;сли, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; is preceded by &lt;code&gt;ъ&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt;, we shall read it as &lt;code&gt;je&lt;/code&gt; as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;подъ&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;зд, съ&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;зд, въ&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;зд, варень&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in words like &lt;code&gt;моeт&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; is often reduced to &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;моит&lt;/code&gt;), and words like &lt;code&gt;ещё&lt;/code&gt; (see the second rule above) may be read as &lt;code&gt;йищё&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;если&lt;/code&gt; will always be &lt;code&gt;jesl'i&lt;/code&gt; since &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; is stressed). The reason is it's just simpler to pronounce the words like that. Technically, if you read &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;je&lt;/code&gt; in those words, you'll be right, and no one will ever correct you. Many people will not even catch the difference. Anyway, it's important to note the reduction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2018-11-21T23:14:03.363" LastActivityDate="2018-11-21T23:14:03.363" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17521" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17522" CreationDate="2018-11-21T11:36:00.993" Score="6" ViewCount="152" Body="&lt;p&gt;The lack of the inflection of the verb to be in the present tense makes me confused sometimes. How would one say &quot;I know what I am&quot; in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11033" LastActivityDate="2018-11-21T11:52:13.020" Title="How do I say &quot;I know what I am&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17521" CreationDate="2018-11-21T11:52:13.020" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я знаю, чтО/кто я есть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The conjugation in the Present tense is dead simple - &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt; is the only form. It can be replaced with &lt;strong&gt;являться&lt;/strong&gt; which does conjugate according to grammatical person like any standard verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it can be translated also as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я знаю, кем я являюсь&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A synonymous expression without the verb &lt;strong&gt;to be&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я знаю, кто я такой&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-11-21T11:52:13.020" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17524" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17518" CreationDate="2018-11-21T18:00:13.893" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Better put it this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; immediately follows a consonant, no [j] is added: &lt;code&gt;привет, тебе, же&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise it gets a [j] sound in front of it: &lt;code&gt;ел, поел, съел, колье&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some words have both type 1 and type 2 &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;code&gt;еле, веер, белеет, змееед&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same rule applies to &lt;code&gt;я, ё, ю&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Minimal pairs to practise the distinction: &lt;code&gt;сел/съел&lt;/code&gt; (sat/ate), &lt;code&gt;полёт/польёт&lt;/code&gt; (flight/will pour), &lt;code&gt;полю/полью&lt;/code&gt; (I weed/I will water), &lt;code&gt;чего/чьего&lt;/code&gt; (what/whose), перо/Пьеро (feather/Pierrot).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-11-21T18:51:28.733" LastActivityDate="2018-11-21T18:51:28.733" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17525" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17526" CreationDate="2018-11-22T17:03:22.093" Score="2" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;p&gt;I thought that ё was always stressed, but in the word жёлтый its pronounced ZHOL-tiy, if this is right then when  is ё unstressed? Is it because of palatalization? Thank you in advance &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-22T18:43:39.267" LastActivityDate="2018-11-22T18:47:22.290" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;жёлтый&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17525" CreationDate="2018-11-22T18:41:25.087" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Жёлтый is pronounced as [жолтый], so &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; here stands for &lt;code&gt;o&lt;/code&gt;.  The reason why it is the case is actually that &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; wherever right after consonant just indicates that that particular consonant is palatalized. In some cases this give an illusion that &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; is a sound sort of similar to the german &lt;code&gt;ö&lt;/code&gt; - this happens for instance in &lt;code&gt;тёмный&lt;/code&gt;. However, it's not the case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt; in modern Russian is never softened, so words like &lt;code&gt;жёлтый&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;жёлудь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;жёваный&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;жёсткий&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;жёны&lt;/code&gt; are pronounced as &lt;code&gt;жо-&lt;/code&gt; - and there's no even slightest trace of ö-illusion one might get with soft consonants. By the way, same story with &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt;, so &lt;code&gt;шёпот&lt;/code&gt; is actually pronounced &lt;code&gt;шопот&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And actually in this case &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; is stressed - almost like always except some foreign words like &lt;code&gt;сёрфинги́сты&lt;/code&gt; and some very exotic exceptions in compound words like &lt;code&gt;четырёхчастный&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;трёхчастный&lt;/code&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-22T18:47:22.290" LastActivityDate="2018-11-22T18:47:22.290" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17528" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17530" CreationDate="2018-11-23T00:03:42.463" Score="1" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not proceeded by a vowel, why is it nyervный, i checked on ru wikipedia its nyervный&#xA;I really still dont understand the rules of e[je] im so confused &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="11021" LastEditDate="2018-11-23T01:28:11.467" LastActivityDate="2018-11-23T06:46:58.317" Title="Pronunciation of “нервный”" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="332" CreationDate="2018-11-23T06:26:23.007" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you should mention your goal in your post.   For instance, if you would like to read something with stress marks, there are plenty of texts available for you--should you be adept at combing through the internet and resources published by Russians for foreigners, or even for children.   If you would like to mark something up with stress marks, then this brings me to my third concern.   If you are worried about missing the stress marks since you are still developing your Russian, then you may want to consider the fact that this problem will hammer itself out with time, and not just through reading--you may need to include a triangulated strategy of listening to things, a chart you make or have of some of the unexpected shifts in stress/accent (or one you've found), and a text along the same level where these words will likely appear.   However, if you feel like your Russian is on a nice level where you more or less know the stress marks, and are still anxious about a few exceptions, it's time to take off the training wheels and ride with the big boys.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11056" LastActivityDate="2018-11-23T06:26:23.007" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2018-11-23T11:19:58.690" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17528" CreationDate="2018-11-23T06:46:58.317" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is pronounced without &lt;code&gt;j&lt;/code&gt;, because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;there is no vowel or &lt;code&gt;ъ&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;ь&lt;/code&gt; before &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;it does not start a word.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The consonant before becomes soft, &lt;code&gt;н'&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please also refer to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/17519/1274&quot;&gt;other&lt;/a&gt; answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1274" LastActivityDate="2018-11-23T06:46:58.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17532" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17534" CreationDate="2018-11-23T16:36:15.897" Score="4" ViewCount="812" Body="&lt;p&gt;Где подлежащее и где сказуемое в предложении &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Жить -- родине служить&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;? Мне этот вопрос задала иностранная студентка, и я растерялся (я не филолог).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7985" LastActivityDate="2018-11-23T19:09:54.377" Title="&quot;Жить -- родине служить&quot;. Где здесь подлежащее?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17532" CreationDate="2018-11-23T17:27:14.700" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The subject is &lt;em&gt;жить&lt;/em&gt;, and there is no verb in this sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;значит&lt;/em&gt; is an assumed but not explicitly expressed verb here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note that the Russian linguistic term &lt;em&gt;сказуемое&lt;/em&gt; is usually conveyed in English as &quot;predicate&quot;, however it's more strict than the English term. It only applies to the grammatical role in a sentence, not the semantic one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me quote an article from the Linguistic Encyclopaedic Dictionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В языкознании для некоторых языков (в западноевропейских терминологических систе­мах) термин «предикат» был использован при обозначении состава предложения, соответ­ству­ю­ще­го сообщаемому, а также «ядерного» компонента этого состава (англ. &lt;em&gt;predicate&lt;/em&gt;, франц. &lt;em&gt;prédicat&lt;/em&gt;, исп. &lt;em&gt;predicado&lt;/em&gt;, итал. &lt;em&gt;predicato&lt;/em&gt;). Для других языков (например, славянских) этот термин был заменен калькой «сказуемое», что позволило избежать термино­ло­ги­че­ско­го смешения логических и грамматических категорий, но не исключён из лингвистического обихода. С термином «сказуемое» ассоциируется прежде всего формаль­ный аспект этого члена предложения, с термином «предикат» — его содержательный аспект.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your sentence, &lt;em&gt;родине служить&lt;/em&gt; is a predicate but not a (grammatical) verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-11-23T19:09:54.377" LastActivityDate="2018-11-23T19:09:54.377" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17532" CreationDate="2018-11-23T18:10:57.927" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подлежащее – &quot;Жить&quot;, сказуемое – &quot;родине служить&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Та же структура в предложении &quot;Понять – значит простить&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Аналог в английском:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“To live is the rarest thing in the world. Most people exist, that is all.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;― Oscar Wilde&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-11-23T18:10:57.927" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17535" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17536" CreationDate="2018-11-23T23:37:32.307" Score="3" ViewCount="320" Body="&lt;p&gt;I stumble over this one a lot and sort of puts me off a bit. &quot;Я был адвокат&quot;, &quot;Петруччо был почтмейстер&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I guess this can be also applied to adjectives like &quot;Я была красивая&quot; or &quot;Я была красивой&quot;?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For some reason I always thought that it should be &quot;Я был адвокатом&quot;, &quot;Петруччо был почтмейстером&quot; and &quot;Я была красивой&quot; - but I could be wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a relevant rule?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10602" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-11-24T07:26:58.113" LastActivityDate="2018-11-24T07:26:58.113" Title="What is correct form - &quot;Был кто&quot; или &quot;Был кем&quot;?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;essive&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17536" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17535" CreationDate="2018-11-24T03:05:19.437" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's correct to say &lt;code&gt;быть кем-то/быть чем-то&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он хочет &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;учителем&lt;/em&gt;. (&lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; он хочет быть &lt;em&gt;учитель&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она &lt;em&gt;красивая&lt;/em&gt; BUT Она &lt;strong&gt;была&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;красивой&lt;/em&gt;. (Она была &lt;em&gt;красивая&lt;/em&gt; can sometimes be heard but it's less correct than она была &lt;em&gt;красивой&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Шоу &lt;strong&gt;будет&lt;/strong&gt; зрелищным (I think I've heard шоу будет &lt;em&gt;зрелищное&lt;/em&gt; but actually, just like in the sentence above, the form of the adjective should be different - зрелищным, not зрелищное)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, when there is a noun or a noun phrase after &lt;code&gt;быть&lt;/code&gt;, the instrumental case is always used: &lt;code&gt;быть хорошим человеком&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;быть медсестрой&lt;/code&gt;, etc.     &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is an adjective after &lt;code&gt;быть&lt;/code&gt;, the instrumental case should be used too. However, in colloquial Russian the nominative case is sometimes used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastActivityDate="2018-11-24T03:05:19.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17537" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17538" CreationDate="2018-11-24T22:04:01.003" Score="1" ViewCount="285" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that &lt;em&gt;случайно встречаться&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;случайно встретиться&lt;/em&gt; means “to meet by chance” but I looked up the verb conjugation and I can't seem to find where they get the verb. Are the words &lt;em&gt;случайно встречаться&lt;/em&gt; a whole verb by themselves?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-06-14T10:23:57.197" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T08:47:40.787" Title="Russian verb “to meet by chance”" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17537" CreationDate="2018-11-25T03:23:46.500" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Случайно&lt;/strong&gt; is an adverb, 'accidentally', and &lt;strong&gt;встречаться&lt;/strong&gt; is a verb, 'to meet'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary has a &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;conjugation table&lt;/a&gt; for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-11-25T03:23:46.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17539" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17540" CreationDate="2018-11-25T16:23:04.513" Score="4" ViewCount="236" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any Russian noun that would describe a clumsy and awkward girl? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-25T20:39:02.217" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T15:19:46.030" Title="A noun for a clumsy lady" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2018-11-25T20:23:47.697" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17539" CreationDate="2018-11-25T16:53:59.973" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/847102&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;кутАфья&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - an awkwardly dressed woman (personally have never heard it or used myself, seems outdated)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;гусЫня&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;- original meaning is &lt;em&gt;a female geese&lt;/em&gt;  (not very frequent and pretty offensive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/1005370&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;растЯпа&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - this is a unisex term for a clumsy person who often drops or misses things&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/dic_synonims/235563/%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;растЫка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - another unisex term, same as &lt;strong&gt;растяпа&lt;/strong&gt; (pretty recent in general use, although i myself have never used it or heard much, &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/438397/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot;&gt;seems borrowed from regional vernacular&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;копУха&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - unisex, a sluggish person, whom everything takes lots of time to accomplish (from &lt;em&gt;копаться&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%91%D0%BF%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;недотёпа&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - unisex, a person who fails at practical tasks (its Ukrainian cognate &lt;em&gt;до&lt;strong&gt;тЭп&lt;/strong&gt;ный&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;clever&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;witty&lt;/em&gt; so due to the negating prefix &lt;em&gt;недо-&lt;/em&gt; which means &lt;em&gt;&quot;short of, under&quot;&lt;/em&gt; it has a second meaning &lt;em&gt;dimwit&lt;/em&gt; mentioned in the Wiktionary, and its root might be related to the root of &lt;em&gt;рас-&lt;strong&gt;тяп&lt;/strong&gt;а&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-11-30T15:19:46.030" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T15:19:46.030" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17539" CreationDate="2018-11-25T17:31:49.507" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmBkGRGQSJw&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Курица&lt;/a&gt; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often used like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Какая же ты курица!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-11-25T17:31:49.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17539" CreationDate="2018-11-25T18:18:59.973" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кулёма&lt;/strong&gt; - это обычно неумелая, неловкая, неуклюжая женщина или девочка, позже стало употребляться и по отношению к мужчине, чтобы подчеркнуть отсутствие мужских навыков и характера.&lt;a href=&quot;http://fb.ru/article/330487/chto-znachit-kulema-znachenie-slova&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://fb.ru/article/330487/chto-znachit-kulema-znachenie-slova&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5605" LastEditorUserId="5605" LastEditDate="2018-11-25T18:26:31.253" LastActivityDate="2018-11-25T18:26:31.253" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17062" CreationDate="2018-11-25T23:38:03.047" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this example &lt;strong&gt;«намылить ему шею»&lt;/strong&gt; – is an idiom. It's a kind of &lt;strong&gt;«give a good lesson»&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;«reprimand»&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8450" LastActivityDate="2018-11-25T23:38:03.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17454" CreationDate="2018-11-25T23:45:50.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Жена-собственница&lt;/code&gt; that means &lt;code&gt;муж подкаблучник&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8450" LastActivityDate="2018-11-25T23:45:50.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17546" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-26T17:32:07.043" Score="1" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;p&gt;1). &lt;strong&gt;хотелось&lt;/strong&gt; =  мне хотелось / I wanted&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2). &lt;strong&gt;хочу&lt;/strong&gt; =  я хочу купить что нибудь для тебя / I want to buy something for you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &lt;strong&gt;&quot;хотелось&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; when used in the first scenario v.s. &lt;strong&gt;&quot;хочу&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; on the second where they are both a conjugation of the &quot;хотеть&quot; verb or &quot;to want&quot; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if the answer implies that with &quot;мне&quot; you always use &quot;хотелось&quot; and therefore &quot;я&quot; must be always accompanied by &quot;хочу&quot; when do you use &lt;strong&gt;&quot;мне хотелось&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; with a comprehensible example please and when would &lt;strong&gt;&quot;я хочу&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; be the best choice to use instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also for these &quot;хотеть&quot; scenarios I'm wondering if this word even means &quot;to want&quot; or is it more &quot;to like&quot; since for &quot;мне хотелось бы&quot; is translated as &quot;I would like&quot; rather than &quot;I would want&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10878" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-26T19:49:08.723" LastActivityDate="2018-11-27T00:14:23.453" Title="&quot;Хотелось&quot; or &quot;хочу&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;&lt;спряжение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17546" CreationDate="2018-11-26T18:08:25.897" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне хочется&lt;/strong&gt; is for wishes you can't control:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне хочется спать. = I need a nap.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Хочется съесть чего-нибудь. = I want/need to eat something.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что делать, когда хочется сладкого? = What to do when you're craving sugar?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Хочу&lt;/strong&gt; is for your conscious wishes/decisions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Хочу в Париж!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-11-26T18:08:25.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17548" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17557" CreationDate="2018-11-27T00:00:22.347" Score="3" ViewCount="72" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do &quot;суждения&quot; and &quot;доля погрешности&quot; go along well in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;That makes your суждения subject to a certain доля погрешности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You must keep in mind that as much as we respect this scholar, his суждения&#xA;  still have some доля погрешности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that &quot;доля погрешности&quot; is a term mostly used in statistics in Russian, but can it also be applied in describing someone's general judgments (that is, not based on any statistical data)?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-29T18:25:44.027" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T18:25:44.027" Title="Binding &quot;суждения&quot; and &quot;доля погрешности&quot; together in Russian" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17549" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17554" CreationDate="2018-11-27T00:01:53.567" Score="6" ViewCount="191" Body="&lt;p&gt;The grammar references I have read including my Russian textbook say на should be followed either by the accusative or prepositional case. But when translating &quot;for lunch&quot; and &quot;for supper&quot;, the usages on context.reverso.net all seem to be &quot;на обед&quot; and &quot;на ужин&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone explain?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11229" LastActivityDate="2018-11-27T15:08:26.093" Title="Why nominative case in &quot;на ужин&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17546" CreationDate="2018-11-27T00:14:23.453" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;хотелось&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; - means &lt;em&gt;&quot;I wanted it, but not so much to take any serious actions to achieve it (or had no way to achieve it)&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. And yes, you're right: it near &lt;strong&gt;&quot;хотелось бы&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, but in the past tense.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;хотел&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; has a wider range of meanings. It may be synonymous with &lt;strong&gt;&quot;хотелось&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (using &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Я&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Мне&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;), but it may also mean a more real desire that you actually tried to fulfill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2018-11-27T00:14:23.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17548" CreationDate="2018-11-27T00:32:16.033" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Its can be used altogether with some connecting word(s). For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он говорил об этом достаточно уверенно, но мне все-таки показалось,&#xA;  что в его суждениях могла быть опредленная доля погрешности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this is a very specific combination, so you should only use it if you know exactly when it's appropriate.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In example above, using &quot;оценки&quot; is better than &quot;суждения&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он говорил об этом достаточно уверенно, но мне все-таки показалось,&#xA;  что в его оценках могла быть опредленная доля погрешности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2018-11-27T00:32:16.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17553" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17556" CreationDate="2018-11-27T00:35:06.490" Score="4" ViewCount="261" Body="&lt;p&gt;My Russian teacher tell me that this two verbs учить and изучить means study, but when I need to use учить and when изучить? учить means also learn? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11195" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-27T09:49:07.377" LastActivityDate="2018-12-01T09:08:53.383" Title="What is the difference between &quot;изучить&quot; and &quot;учить&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17549" CreationDate="2018-11-27T00:48:19.580" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the russian language, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;завтрак&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;обед&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;ужин&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; have the same spelling in nominative and accusative cases.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And in your examples (&lt;strong&gt;&quot;на завтрак&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;на обед&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;на ужин&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;) these words are in accusative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2018-11-27T00:48:19.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17549" CreationDate="2018-11-27T00:54:45.693" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;На обед&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;на ужин&lt;/em&gt; are accusative, not nominative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Accusative is quite a peculiar case in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In singular, its forms have merged with nominative for most nouns except those in &lt;em&gt;-а, -я&lt;/em&gt; and a couple more exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In plural, even the nouns which do have a distinct accusative form in singular, lose it to genitive or nominative, depending on whether the noun is animate or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Except for a couple of edge cases, nominative cannot be used with prepositions in Russian at all. When you are seeing something that looks like a nominative after a preposition, consult with the declension table and you'll probably find the same form used in some other case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-11-27T15:08:26.093" LastActivityDate="2018-11-27T15:08:26.093" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17553" CreationDate="2018-11-27T01:02:18.947" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two nuances.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;First, &quot;учить&quot; can mean both &quot;study&quot; and &quot;teach&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я учу математику (study)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я учу ученика (teach)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, &quot;изучить&quot; often has the connotation &quot;to study completely&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я учил это очень долго и наконец-то изучил полностью.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (I studied this topic for a long time, and eventually had studied it completely)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2018-11-28T19:50:32.017" LastActivityDate="2018-11-28T19:50:32.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17548" CreationDate="2018-11-27T11:10:21.560" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In principle they can co-exist, the phrase is fully comprehensible. However as you yourself admit it's a technical scientific term and so it's not a particularly good fit for such categories as judgement and opinion. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead one can say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;That makes your суждения subject to a certain доля погрешности.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;hr&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это привносит в твои суждения определённую долю &lt;strong&gt;субъективности&lt;/strong&gt;/делает твои суждения несколько &lt;strong&gt;субъективными&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;You must keep in mind that as much as we respect this scholar, his&#xA;  суждения still have some доля погрешности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;hr&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Стоит учитывать/иметь в виду, что суждения этого учёного не свободны от/не лишены определённой &lt;strong&gt;субъективности&lt;/strong&gt;/некоторой (доли) &lt;strong&gt;субъективности&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-11-27T11:10:21.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17558" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17560" CreationDate="2018-11-27T20:11:50.507" Score="0" ViewCount="77" Body="&lt;p&gt;I went on wikipedia and i understood the stressed but i dont understand the sound of х in these words thank you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastActivityDate="2018-11-27T21:04:42.687" Title="Pronunciation in “духи” (perfume) and (spirits)" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-11-27T21:35:05.880" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17559" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17562" CreationDate="2018-11-27T21:01:24.970" Score="5" ViewCount="190" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не собиралась говорить ей, и она &lt;strong&gt;ни за что&lt;/strong&gt; бы не догадалась.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не собиралась говорить ей, и она &lt;strong&gt;нипочем&lt;/strong&gt; бы не догадалась.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my experience, I seem to come across &amp;quot;ни за что&amp;quot; ten times more often. How are they nuanced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T18:07:44.820" Title="Difference in usage between &quot;ни за что&quot; and &quot;нипочем&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17558" CreationDate="2018-11-27T21:04:42.687" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sound of &lt;strong&gt;х&lt;/strong&gt; is close to that of &lt;strong&gt;ch&lt;/strong&gt; in Loch Ness. A more intense &lt;strong&gt;h&lt;/strong&gt; as in Tahini.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-11-27T21:04:42.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17559" CreationDate="2018-11-27T21:14:19.700" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Нипочём&quot; (is the meaning of &quot;never&quot;) is more colloquial than &quot;ни за что&quot;. The latter can be used in any situation, while the former - only in informal speech (or literature stressing the informality);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that &quot;нипочём&quot; has &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%91%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;multiple meanings&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-11-27T21:14:19.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17562" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17559" CreationDate="2018-11-27T21:42:20.823" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;нипочем&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; - in this case I would translate it as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;no way&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;no way guessed&lt;/em&gt;) - in contrary to &lt;strong&gt;&quot;ни за что&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (in this case I would translate it as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;never&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;) is most often used by villagers or in folk tales.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I would recommend in most cases to use &lt;strong&gt;&quot;ни за что&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; in such contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2018-11-27T21:42:20.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17559" CreationDate="2018-11-28T15:07:52.580" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Нипочём,&quot; apart from being equivalent to &quot;ни за что,&quot; actually also has at least two well-known meanings that can never be substituted by &quot;ни за что.&quot; Apart from that of &quot;no way&quot; already mentioned in @IvanOlshansky's answer, it can also mean being unharmed, as in &quot;ему все горести нипочём.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also want to stress that while &quot;нипочём&quot; indeed means &quot;no way,&quot; you shouldn't think of it as an exact equivalent. You can use &quot;no way&quot; as a separate phrase in English. You cannot use &quot;нипочём&quot; as a stand-alone, self-sufficient word. This holds true in the case of &quot;ни за что&quot; / &quot;нипочём&quot; as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare two examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Давай целоваться!&quot; - &quot;Ни за что!&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Давай целоваться!&quot; - &quot;Нипочём!&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first is perfectly valid, but the second does not make any sense at all. So as a substitute for &quot;ни за что,&quot; you can only use it in conjunction with a &quot;не&quot; + verb construction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2018-11-30T18:07:44.820" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T18:07:44.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17564" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17565" CreationDate="2018-11-29T08:04:12.593" Score="5" ViewCount="2146" Body="&lt;p&gt;What verb would best describe in Russian the act of trying to find some support for one's idea or theory from some source that doesn't necessarrily  support or even focus on that idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He was desperately trying to _________________ from  Confucius'&#xA;  writings some support for his crazy ideas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am looking for a word that besides 'finding' (&quot;выискивать&quot;) would also have a connotation of theorizing, which in the example above would be adding some personal interpretation or even development to Confucious' thoughts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2018-12-01T00:50:09.117" LastActivityDate="2018-12-01T00:50:09.117" Title="A Russian verb for finding support for one's idea or theory from a hardly-relevant source" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17564" CreationDate="2018-11-29T08:26:05.033" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not necessarily literary or flattering variants which come to mind are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он отчаянно старался/пытался &lt;strong&gt;сфабриковать/сварганить/слепить&lt;/strong&gt; аргументы в пользу своих&#xA;  безумных идей на основе произведений / опираясь на произведения / апеллируя к произведениям Конфуция&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Aргументацию в поддержку своих безумных идей он отчаянно пытался &lt;strong&gt;(по)строить&lt;/strong&gt;, опираясь на произведения / апеллируя к произведениям Конфуция&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В качестве базы&lt;/strong&gt; для своих безумных идей он отчаянно старался/пытался&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;использовать&lt;/strong&gt; произведения Конфуция&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он обращался к произведениям Конфуция, отчаянно пытаясь &lt;strong&gt;построить/сформулировать на их базе хоть какое-то&lt;/strong&gt; обоснование / &lt;strong&gt;некое подобие&lt;/strong&gt; обоснования своих безумных идей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отчаянно пытаясь &lt;strong&gt;сфабриковать/сварганить/слепить хоть какие-то&lt;/strong&gt; аргументы в пользу своих безумных идей, он обращался/апеллировал к произведениям Конфуция&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чтобы &lt;strong&gt;хоть как-то&lt;/strong&gt; обосновать свои безумные идеи, он отчаянно пытался &lt;strong&gt;притянуть за уши&lt;/strong&gt; труды Конфуция &lt;em&gt;(quite disparaging)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-11-29T15:33:27.113" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T15:33:27.113" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17566" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17564" CreationDate="2018-11-29T08:46:34.817" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would use &lt;em&gt;истолковать&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он отчаянно пытался истолковать труды Конфуция в пользу поддержки своих безумных идей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T08:46:34.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17564" CreationDate="2018-11-29T10:55:38.540" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use the informal word &lt;strong&gt;приплести&lt;/strong&gt; to strongly express your disapproval and skepticism about it. It would emphasize the irrelevance of the source used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В поддержку своих безумных идей он упорно пытался &lt;em&gt;приплести&lt;/em&gt; труды&#xA;  Конфуция.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Словарь Ожегова)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Приплести&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Впутать во что н.; упомянуть зря (разг.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T10:55:38.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17569" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17571" CreationDate="2018-11-29T13:10:26.393" Score="1" ViewCount="93" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need to translate some from russian into english. &#xA;english is foreign to me, so I asked for a help.&#xA;My english is poor, But thranslated text seems to be wrong.&#xA;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Боевой пропуск, позволяющий получать больше различных наград&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;translated into &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Battle Pass to get even more different rewards&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) I'm shure, that words before &quot;to get something&quot; must be some sort of action. In result, &quot;do some action&quot; to get &quot;something&quot;. But &quot;Battle Pass&quot; is NOT an action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) the word &quot;different&quot; changes meaning of sentense:&#xA;&quot;more rewards&quot; = &quot;больше наград&quot;.&#xA;&quot;even more rewards&quot; = &quot;ещё больше наград&quot;.&#xA;BUT&#xA;&quot;more different rewards&quot; = &quot;более разнообразных наград&quot;.&#xA;&quot;even more different rewards&quot; = &quot;ещё более разнообразных наград&quot;.&#xA;The meaning of the original text was &quot;quantity&quot; of rewards&#xA;The meaning of transtatet text is &quot;difference&quot; between rewards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am i right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="345" LastEditorUserId="345" LastEditDate="2018-11-29T13:43:39.063" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:30:20.460" Title="Correct translation for complex sentence" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17559" CreationDate="2018-11-29T13:32:47.293" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;ни за что&quot; means &quot;never&quot;. &quot;нипочём&quot; means &quot;easy to do&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;examples:&#xA;&quot;Я ни за что это не сделаю&quot; - I will never do that.&#xA;&quot;Мне это нипочём&quot; - I can easily do that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;sentence &quot;Я не собиралась говорить ей, и она нипочем бы не догадалась&quot; make no sence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="345" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T13:32:47.293" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17569" CreationDate="2018-11-29T14:05:32.860" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate this into:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Battle Pass, which lets you earn even more rewards&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 - I imagine the reason the translation came out this way is &amp;quot;pass&amp;quot; being a verb as well as a noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 - Russian word &amp;quot;различный&amp;quot; often confuses automatic translation (at least in my experience), because it is often used without much reason to do so. The appropriate translation is &amp;quot;various&amp;quot; rather than &amp;quot;different&amp;quot;, however, it still feels needless to me. You could use it, but I would leave it out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T07:30:20.460" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:30:20.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17572" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17569" CreationDate="2018-11-29T14:14:10.743" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;получать больше различных наград&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to get/receive/obtain/win a greater number of (different) / (different kinds of) rewards&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T14:14:10.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17564" CreationDate="2018-11-29T14:26:55.340" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;подыскать, подобрать, обнаружить&lt;/em&gt; хоть какое-то&#xA;  обоснование своим безумным идеям&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;выжать, извлечь&lt;/em&gt; из трудов Конфуция&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;нащупать&lt;/em&gt; аргументы в поддержку  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Related to the comment from @Quassnoi, the phrase &quot;в пользу поддержки&quot; sounds incorrect to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11257" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T14:26:55.340" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17537" CreationDate="2018-11-29T18:53:14.837" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;столкнуться&lt;/code&gt; is a very good one for this case.&#xA;It literally means &lt;code&gt;to bump into&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;to collide with&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;So people would say: &lt;code&gt;Вчера я столкнулся с Машей в кафе&lt;/code&gt; = &lt;code&gt;I bumped into Masha at the coffee shop yesterday&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11258" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T18:53:14.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17575" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-29T19:08:43.100" Score="2" ViewCount="248" Body="&lt;p&gt;Скажите пожалуйста как правильно употреблять конструкцию «дело в том, что»? Какая разница между «потому, что», «так как» «поскольку» и «дело в том, что»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11145" LastEditorUserId="11145" LastEditDate="2018-11-30T03:39:01.330" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T08:45:46.880" Title="Как правильно употреблять «дело в том, что»?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17575" CreationDate="2018-11-29T19:29:12.930" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«потому что»&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;«так как»&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;«поскольку»&lt;/strong&gt; более или менее синонимичны, могут отличаться регистром, в частности «потому, что», будет пониже регистром, чем два других союза.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«дело в том, что»&lt;/strong&gt; применяется не как союз сложноподчинённого предложения, который вводит обстоятельство причины, а как вводная фраза, предваряющая изложение причин или аргументов &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%B2+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC,+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;в новом предложении&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я сегодня опоздал, потому что/так как/поскольку мой будильник не&#xA;  зазвонил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я сегодня опоздал. Дело в том, что мой будильник не зазвонил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Во фразе &lt;strong&gt;«дело в том, что»&lt;/strong&gt; слово &lt;strong&gt;«дело»&lt;/strong&gt; по сути означает &lt;strong&gt;«причина»&lt;/strong&gt;, то есть &lt;strong&gt;«причина в том, что»&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я сегодня опоздал. Причина в том, что мой будильник не зазвонил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-11-29T21:42:34.370" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T21:42:34.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17577" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-29T20:40:09.047" Score="1" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это выражение почему-то часто слышится у политиков. Что это за игра?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11145" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T21:55:16.017" Title="Что такое «игра на обострение»?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2018-11-30T09:04:01.337" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17577" CreationDate="2018-11-29T21:25:23.890" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это сказал Владимир Путин о провокационных действиях Украины в Керченском проливе. И он это сам же и объяснил в своей речи: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Это провокация, которая организована действующей властью в преддверие&#xA;  президентских выборов на Украине в марте следующего года. Рейтинг&#xA;  действующего президента находится на пятой строчке, у него есть шансы&#xA;  не войти даже во второй тур, и поэтому нужно что-то делать, чтобы&#xA;  ситуацию обострить и создать непреодолимые препятствия для его&#xA;  конкурентов, прежде всего, из оппозиции.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть, Путин имеет в виду, что действия противоположной стороны конфликта были намеренными, вызванными не необходимостью обороны, а политической игрой, направленной на обострение конфликта и получение выгоды от него. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T21:25:23.890" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17579" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17577" CreationDate="2018-11-29T21:27:53.360" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Игра на обострение&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; - это то, что иначе называют &lt;strong&gt;&quot;повышать ставки&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;raise the stakes&lt;/strong&gt;), т.е. превращение вялотекущей игры, когда от результата очередного раунда почти ничего не зависит, в острую фазу, когда ставки максимально высоки и за один раз можно выиграть или потерять всё.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2018-11-29T21:55:16.017" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T21:55:16.017" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17581" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17575" CreationDate="2018-11-29T21:30:23.000" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Следует различать также &quot;, потому что&quot; и &quot;потому, что&quot;. §108 &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/49.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.evartist.narod.ru/text1/49.htm&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наиболее разговорная форма из перечисленных автором вопроса - &quot;потому что&quot;. &quot;Так как&quot;, &quot;поскольку&quot;, &quot;ввиду того, что&quot;, &quot;по той причине, что&quot; - более официальны, могут использоваться в лекциях и публичных выступлениях, хотя и &quot;потому что&quot; тоже их не испортит. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T21:30:23.000" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17553" CreationDate="2018-11-29T21:40:37.403" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Изучить&lt;/strong&gt; is also to research. And to learn by heart or learn very well is &lt;strong&gt;выучить&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Студент изучил новые слова. - The student has studied new words, he&#xA;  has made a research and come to some conclusions on them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Студент выучил новые слова. - The student has learned new words, and&#xA;  now he can use them in speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Студент учил новые слова. - The student learned new words, or he was&#xA;  learning the new words when sth. happened. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually students who haven't learned the words say: &quot;Я учил.&quot; - &quot;Вы выучили?&quot; - &quot;Я учил.&quot; ))))) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-12-01T09:08:53.383" LastActivityDate="2018-12-01T09:08:53.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17564" CreationDate="2018-11-29T22:38:35.867" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would propose the word &lt;strong&gt;наскрести&lt;/strong&gt;, &quot;to scrape&quot;, reminiscent of an English idiom &quot;to scrape the bottom of the barrel&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он пытался &lt;strong&gt;наскрести&lt;/strong&gt; у Конфуция хоть что-то в свою пользу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="587" LastActivityDate="2018-11-29T22:38:35.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17584" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17589" CreationDate="2018-11-29T23:20:32.663" Score="5" ViewCount="2307" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am currently writing a novel with a Russian main character. &#xA;Part of his backstory and something that comes up frequently is that he is, agaisnt all odds, a homosexual transvestite. &#xA;I am particularly looking for &lt;strong&gt;colloquialy used&lt;/strong&gt; neutral/positive &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; negative terms for transgenderism, homosexuality, and transvestism. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far my search online has been fruitless. Every term I find is too formal or I can't corroborate anywhere else (like the use of the word трап in that context).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am aware that the country currently has a bad reputation when it comes to these subjects, which is why I hope a question like this doesn't seem tasteless, offensive, or out of place. This is simply the inquiry of a writer working on a novel with heavy linguistic themes attempting to enrich his story.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11261" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-30T09:00:22.323" LastActivityDate="2019-06-21T18:18:34.593" Title="What are some words for LGBT people in Russia?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17585" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17584" CreationDate="2018-11-30T01:48:20.163" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Colloquially used neutral/positive terms for homosexual male are &lt;strong&gt;&quot;голубой&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;гей&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For both transgenders and transvestites common terms are &lt;strong&gt;&quot;транс&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;трап&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;(&lt;strong&gt;&quot;трэп&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;). Transvestites are sometimes called &lt;strong&gt;&quot;травести&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (although this is wrong term!)&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The negative names for all these people of course exist (and in many more variants!), but I will refrain from publishing these words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T01:48:20.163" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17584" CreationDate="2018-11-30T07:52:11.917" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Since this is a forum dedicated to knowledge of a language and not to political issues i don't see any justification for suppressing the knowledge in favor of political correctness. This regrettable phenomenon already affects the Western academia and is certainly detrimental to it. A situation which could be described with a famous retort of a renowned witty Russian actress Ranevskaya: &quot;How come, the ass does exist, but the word doesn't?&quot;. End of rant.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of more or less pejorative or uncomplimentary names for people with alternative sexual preferences or self-identification are:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;педик&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - a male gay (a shorthand of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;педераст&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - a boy lover, check out &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82#%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;some synonyms&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;гомик&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;гомосек&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - the same as above (a shorthand of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;гомосексуалист&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - a homosexual)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;петух&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - the same as above in prison lingo which in Russia has percolated into the civic life&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://slovar.cc/sleng/vor/2488063.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;кобёл&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - a male-like lesbian, also from prison lingo&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%87_%D0%B8_%D1%84%D1%8D%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;буч&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - the same as above but likely technical rather than pejorative (LGBT lingo, from the English &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;butch&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; having the same meaning)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-11-30T08:22:57.603" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T08:22:57.603" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17575" CreationDate="2018-11-30T08:45:46.880" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Синонимичные выражения разной степени формальности &lt;em&gt;&quot;потому(,) что&quot;, &quot;так как&quot; и &quot;поскольку&quot;&lt;/em&gt; указывают на &lt;strong&gt;простую&lt;/strong&gt; (часто единственную) &lt;strong&gt;причину&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;непосредственно&lt;/em&gt; - когда связь с указываемой причиной понятна без развёрнутых пояснений. Если же предстоит объяснение скрытых причин, то после указания на сложность их понимания такое объяснение может предваряться &lt;em&gt;вступительной фразой&lt;/em&gt;: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Дело в том что...&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. Примеры:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Казалось бы, причина  явления в этом. Но не всё так просто: &lt;strong&gt;дело в&#xA;  том, что&lt;/strong&gt; на это накладываются обстоятельства, которые мы пока не&#xA;  учитывали.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но в общем случае не существует простых формул для расчёта элементов&#xA;  лестничного фильтра. &lt;strong&gt;Дело в том, что&lt;/strong&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T08:45:46.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17537" CreationDate="2018-11-30T09:41:56.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a &lt;em&gt;single verb&lt;/em&gt; with the meaning &lt;em&gt;'to meet (somebody) by chance&lt;/em&gt;': &lt;strong&gt;повстречать&lt;/strong&gt; (кого - perfective, transitive). It is most often found in Russian fairy tales, poetry, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Шёл он, шёл и повстречал зайца.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Повстречался ему медведь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T09:41:56.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17584" CreationDate="2018-11-30T10:29:10.510" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Widely understood and neutral/positive:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ему́/ей нра́вятся ма́льчики/де́вочки&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он/она́ лю́бит ма́льчиков/де́вочек&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он голубо́й / гей&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Она́ лесбия́нка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lesser known, colloquial:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ле́сби, би, транс&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Official neutral language :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;гомосексуали́ст, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бисексуа́л, транссексуа́л, трансвести́т, трансге́ндер&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Official and negative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мужелю́б, мужело́жец&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Colloquial and outright derogatory:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;гомосе́к, педера́ст, пе́дик, ле́сба&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-12-24T01:48:34.303" LastActivityDate="2018-12-24T01:48:34.303" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17590" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-30T10:36:11.240" Score="2" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;When used in a phrase such as &amp;quot;похоже на&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;вроде меня&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;похоже&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;вроде&amp;quot; are not interchangeable. But how are they nuanced in the following instances?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Холод, &lt;strong&gt;похоже&lt;/strong&gt;, ее совершенно не беспокоит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они &lt;strong&gt;вроде&lt;/strong&gt; обычно не особо дружелюбны к чужим.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And how does &amp;quot;вроде бы&amp;quot; compare?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они &lt;strong&gt;вроде бы&lt;/strong&gt; чувствуют себя вполне комфортно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T10:42:00.547" Title="Difference in usage between “похоже” and “вроде”" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17590" CreationDate="2018-11-30T10:42:00.547" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;вроде&lt;/code&gt; is more informal but they're otherwise identical. Both mean that you do uneducated guess about other person's inner state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;вроде бы&lt;/code&gt; is no different and could be substituted too:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они, похоже, чувствуют себя вполне комфортно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It only adds one extra tiny mark of uncertainty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T10:42:00.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17593" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-11-30T17:28:54.257" Score="2" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Cтуденты, &lt;strong&gt;переводившие&lt;/strong&gt; эту статью, говорят, что она очень трудная.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;¿Is the meaning one of a perfect action of the type &quot;Students, having translated this article,...&quot; or is it more general and vague as in &quot;Students translating this article...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-11-30T19:47:57.677" LastActivityDate="2018-12-01T13:33:58.797" Title="Intepretation of the imperfective participle &quot;переводивший&quot;" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;participle&gt;&lt;verb-aspects&gt;&lt;participle-clause&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17593" CreationDate="2018-11-30T18:05:56.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The participle переводившие is a &lt;strong&gt;Past Tense imperfective participle&lt;/strong&gt;. So, it is &quot;The students who translated this article said it was very difficult&quot; (if we observe the sequence of tenses in English; otherwise, and literally, &quot;say it is very difficult&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2018-11-30T18:10:23.690" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T18:10:23.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17595" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17593" CreationDate="2018-11-30T19:00:31.723" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not sure if Russian is classified as having perfect aspect, but &lt;strong&gt;переводившие&lt;/strong&gt; definitely has a sense of something that is in the past. You would need to use &lt;strong&gt;переводящие&lt;/strong&gt;, if you wanted to stress that the translation was on-going.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &lt;strong&gt;переводившие&lt;/strong&gt; wouldn't necessarily mean that the translation has positively finished. Say, students, last time I was in contact with them, were translating the article. I don't know where they are with their translation now -- it may be finished or it may not. Might be they have given up on it altogether. I could still use &lt;strong&gt;переводившие&lt;/strong&gt; -- my best knowledge of the situation is from the past and at the time they were definitely translating it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also &lt;strong&gt;переведшие&lt;/strong&gt;. This one is much closer to having a definitive connotation that something has positively occurred. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Студенты, переведшие эту статью, говорят, что она очень трудная.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This expression would most certainly mean that the students have finished translating the article. Finished as in not abandoned it halfway, but translated the whole article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Переводившие&lt;/strong&gt; can also signal prolonged action in the past, while &lt;strong&gt;переведшие&lt;/strong&gt; has a feel of abruptness to it. This difference can be used as a stress. For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Студенты, переводившие статью 2 недели, говорят, что она очень трудная.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Студенты, переведшие статью за день, говорят, что она простая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the former &lt;strong&gt;переводившие&lt;/strong&gt; hints at prolonged action and, hence, some effort. In the latter &lt;strong&gt;переведшие&lt;/strong&gt; implies it happened fast and was effortless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11270" LastEditorUserId="11270" LastEditDate="2018-11-30T22:26:23.610" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T22:26:23.610" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17596" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17600" CreationDate="2018-11-30T20:30:42.233" Score="8" ViewCount="292" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today I wanted to tell a Russian friend that a certain person was a terrible woman (in the sense that she is a very unpleasant person). I said, &quot;Она страшная женщина&quot;. But my friend told me that I used the word &quot;страшная&quot; erroneously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wasn't able to understand what was wrong with my use of the word, but I got the impression that &quot;ужасная&quot; would have been a better word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've consulted a couple of dictionaries, but they haven't helped. They merely say that &quot;страшный&quot; and &quot;ужасный&quot; both mean &quot;terrible&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what's wrong with using the word &quot;страшный&quot; to indicate that somebody is horrible?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5375" LastActivityDate="2018-12-17T02:19:44.193" Title="Proper translation of &quot;terrible&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17596" CreationDate="2018-11-30T20:35:58.210" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't label this use erroneous, rather ironic. The reason being conventions of usage. Certain allusions may accrete to words and shape their connotations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed in your situation more appropriate adjectives would be &lt;strong&gt;ужасная, кошмарная&lt;/strong&gt;, and if you don't mind sounding ornate and grandiose  - &lt;strong&gt;чудовищная&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because in Russian describing a person as &lt;strong&gt;страшный&lt;/strong&gt;, besides &lt;strong&gt;ugly&lt;/strong&gt; may mean &lt;strong&gt;dangerous, evil&lt;/strong&gt; as in the expression &lt;code&gt;страшный человек&lt;/code&gt;, which to my understanding are not the qualities ordinarily attributed to a person with a terrible, annoying personality, although Иван Грозный is named Ivan The Terrible in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess one may liken this distinction to that between the English &lt;strong&gt;scary&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;terrible&lt;/strong&gt;. Wishing to tell how terrible a person is an Anglophone wouldn't use the adjective &lt;strong&gt;scary&lt;/strong&gt; and if they did, that'd probably sound ironic as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-11-30T21:31:29.487" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T21:31:29.487" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17564" CreationDate="2018-11-30T20:50:30.140" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Once can also use word &lt;code&gt;подвести&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dictionary&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подвести&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;кого-что подо что. Признать соответствующим чему-л., подогнать подо что-л., отнести к кругу каких-л. явлений.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it can be said that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он отчаянно пытался подвести свои странные идеи под принципы,&#xA;изложенные в работах Конфуция.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this word does carry meaning of trying to make one thing match something else. So, in the example above one is finding reasons why his ideas match concepts from Confucius' writings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6752" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T20:55:37.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17596" CreationDate="2018-11-30T20:55:11.260" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are not wrong to use &lt;strong&gt;страшная&lt;/strong&gt;, but it also has a second meaning of ugly. Without proper context, your interlocutor may understand this woman to be simply not beautiful enough, putting it mildly. This is particularly important if you drop женщина and simply say &quot;она &lt;strong&gt;страшная&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. Even with proper context, this can be misinterpreted as referring to her physical looks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also a noun that is linked to this adjective -- &lt;strong&gt;страшила&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;страшилище&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ужасная&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't have this second meaning. Applied to someone as a whole, it would imply bad character. Applied to parts of the body, it can acquire the 2nd meaning of &lt;strong&gt;страшная&lt;/strong&gt; and imply something is wrong with the looks. For example, &lt;strong&gt;ужасная причёска&lt;/strong&gt; -- visually bad haircut. Or &lt;strong&gt;ужасное лицо&lt;/strong&gt; -- terrible face. &lt;strong&gt;Ужасное лицо&lt;/strong&gt; would most likely mean that it's not an inherently ugly face, but that something has happened to it. Bad acne, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11270" LastEditorUserId="11270" LastEditDate="2018-11-30T21:09:03.917" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T21:09:03.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17596" CreationDate="2018-11-30T21:32:36.780" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Страшная женщина&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;страшный мужчина&lt;/em&gt; mean &quot;ugly&quot;. Those words don't describe personality in any way, just the physical appearance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you want to describe personality, you should use the word &lt;em&gt;человек&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Страшный человек&lt;/em&gt; does describe the personality, however, its usage is different from English &quot;terrible person&quot;. The Russian phrase means &quot;terrifying person&quot;: a murderer, a violent criminal, things like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ужасный человек&lt;/em&gt; is closer in meaning to English &quot;terrible person&quot; and is actually used in Russian in this sense, however other words like &lt;em&gt;скверный, нехороший&lt;/em&gt; etc. are used more widely to describe personality. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-11-30T21:32:36.780" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17593" CreationDate="2018-11-30T22:17:20.973" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The imperfective aspect is about state, and the perfective is about state transition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;переводившие&lt;/em&gt; here means &quot;the students who have been translating the article,&quot; i.e. all those who have ever been &quot;in a state of translating the article.&quot; As long as the student spent at least some time translating the article, they would qualify for &lt;em&gt;переводившие&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Its perfective counterpart, &lt;em&gt;переведшие&lt;/em&gt;, means &quot;those who have changed the state of the article,&quot; turning it from &quot;untranslated&quot; to &quot;translated&quot;. Just spending time on the article is not enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase describes all the students who have had a hand in translating the article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2018-12-01T13:33:58.797" LastActivityDate="2018-12-01T13:33:58.797" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17602" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17606" CreationDate="2018-12-01T03:16:01.697" Score="1" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the sentence, &quot;русская культура создавалась веками&quot;, why is веками in instrumental case, and how would you translate the sentence? Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6686" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-02T08:50:51.467" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T07:47:15.827" Title="Use of instrumental case in a sentence" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;творительный-падеж&gt;&lt;instrumental&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17603" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17607" CreationDate="2018-12-01T03:30:26.747" Score="1" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are the images from the lessons im taking&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ANtt0.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ANtt0.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xHaaw.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xHaaw.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastActivityDate="2018-12-01T12:33:46.310" Title="What is the purpose of “a” in these sentences if not *and*" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17602" CreationDate="2018-12-01T05:35:31.557" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Russian culture was created over the centuries&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you translate it literally, it would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Russian culture was created by centuries&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so &lt;strong&gt;&quot;centuries&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;века&lt;/strong&gt;) is in instrumental case: &lt;strong&gt;&quot;веками&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2018-12-01T05:35:31.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17602" CreationDate="2018-12-01T07:48:52.413" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This seems to be an example of the so called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Temporal case&lt;/a&gt; which in Russian either coincides with Instrumental or is expressed through Instrumental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian nouns denoting most generic periods of time during which discussed events take place or phenomena exist often inflect in Instrumental: &lt;strong&gt;днём, вечером, зимой, весной, летом, осенью, часами, неделями, месяцами, годами&lt;/strong&gt;. This is one of adverb formation paradigms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6#236&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;2.3.6. Творительный Времени&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Временные употребления, как и инструментальные, составляют широкий&#xA;  класс употреблений творительного падежа. В этих контекстах&#xA;  употребляются находящиеся на разной стадии лексикализации формы,&#xA;  перечисленные в п. 1.2. Наиболее частотны формы &lt;strong&gt;утром, днём, вечером и&#xA;  ночью&lt;/strong&gt;, обозначающие конкретный момент времени. Они наиболее близки к&#xA;  наречиям, тем не менее, возможность иметь зависимое-прилагательное,&#xA;  характерная для существительных, но не для наречий (ср. словосочетания&#xA;  типа ранним утром, летним вечером) показывает, что процесс конверсии в&#xA;  данном случае ещё далёк от завершения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(32) Поздним вечером, когда они остались в здании детского сада одни,&#xA;  не считая сторожа, Костик встал и с серьезным выражением лица сказал:&#xA;  «Маришка, выходи за меня замуж!» [«Лиза» (2005)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это не единственный способ временного употребления творительного: ещё&#xA;  один крупный класс составляют употребления множественного числа&#xA;  творительного: &lt;strong&gt;вечерами, ночами, годами, урывками&lt;/strong&gt;, — обозначающие&#xA;  (длящееся и) повторяющееся через определённые промежутки времени&#xA;  действие (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributive-temporal_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;«творительный дистрибутивный»&lt;/a&gt; в терминологии [Малаховская&#xA;  1958]). К этим формам также могут присоединяться&#xA;  зависимые-прилагательные.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This function of Instrumental seems related to its use with words denoting landscape features through which motion takes place (&lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6#234&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Творительный траектории&lt;/a&gt;): (плыть) &lt;strong&gt;морем&lt;/strong&gt;, (идти) &lt;strong&gt;лесом, полем, дворами&lt;/strong&gt;. It's more prominent in Ukrainian than in Russian. On the other hand Temporal Instrumental in Ukrainian is somewhat rarer than in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The translation i'd offer is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Russian culture has been in creation/development for centuries&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Russian culture has been developing for centuries&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-11T07:47:15.827" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T07:47:15.827" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17603" CreationDate="2018-12-01T08:53:14.060" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say this &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; is a feature of politeness and/or informality. Perhaps, you don't need to translate it, but you still need to know how to use it, if you don't want to come off as rude in conversations. In a conversation &lt;code&gt;Лена, где Света?&lt;/code&gt; would sound too demanding, as if you were commanding Lena to tell you where Sveta was. &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt;, by virtue of its informality, makes this almost oppressive tone go away, turning the question into a more polite/relaxed version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, it would be interesting to note here that if you were to use &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; in this setting, it could come off as more aggressive, not less. Here's the scenario: Маша and Петя are a couple; they are invited to an event and are asked not to be late; Маша arrives on time, but Петя is nowhere to be seen. The host, if they felt Маша was somehow responsible for Петя's absence, could then explode at Маша like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Маша, и где Петя?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the host were to ask &lt;code&gt;Маша, а где Петя?&lt;/code&gt;, this is just asking a question, and politely. But &lt;code&gt;Маша, и где Петя?&lt;/code&gt; kinda tells Маша off for not making sure Петя was on time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11270" LastEditorUserId="11270" LastEditDate="2018-12-01T10:57:30.017" LastActivityDate="2018-12-01T10:57:30.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17603" CreationDate="2018-12-01T10:19:46.377" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe another function of the interrogative &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; particle/interjection is akin to the adversative conjunction &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in compound sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like in compound sentences where it contrasts two statements, in interrogation it contrasts the expected state of affairs which doesn't obtain (implicitly or explicitly) with the question it gives rise to. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus in the question &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Лена, а где Света?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; the interrogative &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; could mean that &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Света&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; was expected to be present but is away for some reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example in a dialogue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-&amp;nbsp;Вам кого?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -&amp;nbsp;Мне нужна Света.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -&amp;nbsp;Она ушла.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;А&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; когда она вернётся?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; contraposes the question to the statement &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Она ушла&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; negating the expected state of affairs, i.e. Sveta's presence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And of course &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;А?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can function as 1) a standalone interrogative particle meaning &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;What?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;What's that?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and 2) a reiteration of a question after it's been asked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  - Я сегодня уезжаю. - I'm leaving today.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  - &lt;strong&gt;А?&lt;/strong&gt; Что ты сказала? - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/huh#Interjection&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Huh?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; What did you say?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Где ты была вчера вечером, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;? - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/huh#Interjection&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Where were you last night? &lt;strong&gt;Huh&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-01T12:33:46.310" LastActivityDate="2018-12-01T12:33:46.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17609" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17610" CreationDate="2018-12-01T19:52:06.473" Score="2" ViewCount="192" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ничего, если&lt;/strong&gt; я поживу здесь какое-то время?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hear this expression in conversation from time to time. How polite does it sound; is it appropriate for use in formal settings such as business meetings? Or is it generally used more informally?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, what are common responses, depending on whether you agree with a suggestion or not? Personally, when I don't mind the suggestion made, I tend to start the response with &quot;Да, конечно&quot; or something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T09:06:31.597" Title="Usage of &quot;Ничего, если ... ?&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17609" CreationDate="2018-12-01T20:37:58.363" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an informal question-cum-request. In business meetings i can envisage its usage only for finding a way to accommodate oneself - &lt;strong&gt;Ничего, если я сяду здесь? Ничего, если я положу сюда свою сумку?&lt;/strong&gt; and the like - that is for things not directly related to the objectives of the meeting, unless one is on friendly terms with the opposite party.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However with requests for significant favors it may come off as a little presumptuous and insolent, because it's basically an expression of a decision made in advance for which only a formal consent is being sought, it expects a positive response before considering the other party's opinion. It's as if one would ask &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;You don't mind me living here for a while, right/do you?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides your variant, a positive response could be &lt;strong&gt;Да, без проблем&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;(Да) Без проблем&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;(Да) Пожалуйста&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;(Да) Ради бога&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;(Да) Живи сколько хочешь&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;Живи&lt;/strong&gt; (less welcoming) / &lt;strong&gt;Ну ладно (, живи) / Ну живи&lt;/strong&gt; (still less welcoming). &lt;strong&gt;Да&lt;/strong&gt; being an enthusiastic particle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-03T07:19:18.917" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T07:19:18.917" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17609" CreationDate="2018-12-02T11:20:05.183" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ничего&quot; tends to have the meaning &quot;ничего плохого&quot; in some cases of usage. E.x., &quot;Извините, пожалуйста, я наступил вам на ногу!&quot; - &quot;Ничего!&quot; - sth like 'never mind, I'm ok'. &#xA;I'd use &quot;ничего, если&quot; even in a business meeting, it adds some informality and neutral attitude to the issue discussed. &#xA;But pay attention, that the intonation matters, as well as the words after &quot;ничего&quot;. The phrase &quot;(А) ничего, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; я вас уже час жду?&quot; means the speaker is pretty angry, and this is what can really spoil your meeting. Avoid this type of usage of ничего, as it is really not for business. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-02T13:59:54.597" LastActivityDate="2018-12-02T13:59:54.597" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17612" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17614" CreationDate="2018-12-03T05:13:42.903" Score="4" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to describe a successful action of a player in a national team that would start a relatively long period of success for that team?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И тут он забил гол, тем самым &lt;strong&gt;начав подъём&lt;/strong&gt; российского футбола.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Начав подьём&quot; doesn't sit right with me.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2018-12-04T06:50:32.513" Title="A verb or verbal phrase to describe a start of a long successful period in sports" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17612" CreationDate="2018-12-03T05:44:54.743" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Grammatically, everything is fine. As far as style, I believe &lt;code&gt;положить начало чему-либо&lt;/code&gt; is better:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И тут он забил гол, тем самым &lt;strong&gt;положив начало подъёму&lt;/strong&gt; российского футбола.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It will have the meaning of the scorer laying the symbolic foundation for the rise of Russian football. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11270" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T05:44:54.743" CommentCount="26" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17612" CreationDate="2018-12-03T07:26:21.813" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;For your example my suggestion is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И тут он забил гол, тем самым &lt;strong&gt;дав толчок/старт&lt;/strong&gt; подъёму российского футбола.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or you can express the idea in a roundabout way&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И тут он забил гол, &lt;strong&gt;ставший/который стал началом&lt;/strong&gt; возрождения&#xA;  российского футбола&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И тут он забил гол, &lt;strong&gt;после которого/вслед за которым&lt;/strong&gt; началось&#xA;  возрождение российского футбола&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But for the situation you've described, which is different from the one represented by the actual example, &lt;strong&gt;положить начало&lt;/strong&gt; fits perfectly&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Забитый им финальный гол положил начало серии побед команды на&#xA;  чемпионате.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-03T07:53:02.183" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T07:53:02.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17615" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17612" CreationDate="2018-12-03T08:29:05.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;IMO, a conclusion about the long-term meaning of such a fact comes to minds &lt;em&gt;after a while&lt;/em&gt;. For that reason, the idea that somebody started a new epoch by kicking a ball doesn't sound too natural. I'd try to change the sentence like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И тут он забил гол, с которым позже &lt;em&gt;стали связывать начало подъёма&lt;/em&gt; в&#xA;  развитии российского футбола.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T08:29:05.280" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16530" CreationDate="2018-12-03T08:47:50.250" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each shorty was &lt;em&gt;as tall as&lt;/em&gt; a small (standing) cucumber.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T08:47:50.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17609" CreationDate="2018-12-03T09:06:31.597" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This particular phrase sounds a bit unceremoniously: the speaker 'invites' the other person to agree with inevitable inconveniences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hopefully&lt;/strong&gt;, it will be &lt;strong&gt;OK&lt;/strong&gt; if I live here for a while?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-12-03T09:06:31.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17596" CreationDate="2018-12-03T21:18:43.093" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have made my... week, I believe. )))))&#xA;Really, I can't imagine a &lt;strong&gt;чудовищная женщина&lt;/strong&gt;, neither can I think of a &lt;strong&gt;чудовищный мужчина&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Страшная женщина&lt;/strong&gt; can be used also instead of &lt;strong&gt;страшный человек&lt;/strong&gt;, denoting a cruel or cynic person, if the person is female, as &lt;strong&gt;человек&lt;/strong&gt; is masculine though general. But this is more colloquial and may be ironic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a woman is ugly/she is concidered ugly/she thinks she is ugly, the words &lt;strong&gt;страшная&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;страшненькая&lt;/strong&gt; are used. And &lt;strong&gt;страшненькая&lt;/strong&gt; is sure to denote the appearance. &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Ужасная женщина&lt;/strong&gt; is an extremely unpleasant woman. This epithet is very emotional, and in this case the expression &quot;&lt;strong&gt;страшная женщина&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; can be used ironically and pronounced in a gravy voice. :) To make it sure you do it on purpose and for emphasis. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just an unpleasant woman will be &lt;strong&gt;неприятная женщина&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in the seamingly oxymoronic phrase &lt;strong&gt;страшная красавица&lt;/strong&gt; another meaning of the word &lt;strong&gt;страшный&lt;/strong&gt; is revealed. It is a colloquial phrase, and it means &quot;extremely beautiful&quot;, like &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ужасно хочу есть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; means &quot;&lt;strong&gt;I'm terribly hungry&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/3fCOx-Nq0vQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Страшный человек&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/KYrSYkby-q0?t=26&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Красота - страшная сила&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-12-04T05:02:57.387" LastActivityDate="2018-12-04T05:02:57.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17612" CreationDate="2018-12-04T06:50:32.513" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;..., и этим &lt;strong&gt;начал череду успешных выступлений&lt;/strong&gt; команды... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;..., &lt;strong&gt;с которого начался взлёт&lt;/strong&gt; {отечественного футбола}.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(успешное выступление команды) &lt;strong&gt;ознаменовало новую волну возрождения&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  российского футбола&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(успехи сборной на чемпионате) &lt;strong&gt;вдохновили&lt;/strong&gt; команду &lt;strong&gt;на новые&#xA;  победы&lt;/strong&gt;/российских футболистов &lt;strong&gt;на новые достижения&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;забил гол, &lt;strong&gt;ставший первой ласточкой новой весны&lt;/strong&gt; российского футбола (&quot;первая ласточка&quot; is an idiom)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And miscellaneous. &#xA;I am under the impression that the larger half of expressions to describe this phenomenon are not idioms and can be translated from your first language. Think of a proper metaphor. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-12-04T06:50:32.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17620" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17622" CreationDate="2018-12-04T08:07:22.530" Score="4" ViewCount="258" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таким людям, как я, &lt;strong&gt;не место&lt;/strong&gt; в этом мире.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder why &quot;не&quot; instead of &quot;нет&quot; precedes the noun &quot;место&quot; in this expression -- not to mention the lack of the genitive &quot;места&quot;. Compared to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таким людям, как я, &lt;strong&gt;нет места&lt;/strong&gt; в этом мире.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-12-05T13:46:53.913" Title="Why say &quot;мне не место&quot;, not &quot;мне нет места&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17620" CreationDate="2018-12-04T08:53:24.423" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say both way. While &lt;strong&gt;нет места&lt;/strong&gt; can be said also as literally meaning &quot;there is no space&quot;, &lt;strong&gt;не место&lt;/strong&gt; always means &lt;em&gt;nobody happy to see you&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;you should not be here&lt;/em&gt; not because of lack of space.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11286" LastActivityDate="2018-12-04T08:53:24.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17620" CreationDate="2018-12-04T09:19:18.687" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;These sentences have different meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таким людям, как я, нет места в этом мире.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  People like me have no place in this world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таким людям, как я, не место в этом мире.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  People like me are not suitable for this world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;мне здесь не место&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;&quot;I shouldn't be here (and maybe better should be elsewhere)&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2018-12-04T09:19:18.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17620" CreationDate="2018-12-04T09:28:32.303" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can't help with the theory of this phenomenon, but here's an intuitive answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, why &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;нет&lt;/code&gt;. In English one can say both &lt;code&gt;there is not a place&lt;/code&gt; where &lt;code&gt;not&lt;/code&gt; negates &lt;code&gt;is&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;there is no place&lt;/code&gt; where &lt;code&gt;no&lt;/code&gt; -- at least, in my understanding -- negates &lt;code&gt;place&lt;/code&gt;.  Similarly, &lt;code&gt;нет&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;code&gt;нет места&lt;/code&gt; sorta means &lt;code&gt;не есть&lt;/code&gt; (where &lt;code&gt;есть&lt;/code&gt; is a form of &lt;code&gt;быть&lt;/code&gt; -- see &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C#%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_(%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB_II)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;) or &lt;code&gt;не существует&lt;/code&gt;. In other words, &lt;code&gt;нет&lt;/code&gt; is not a negation of &lt;code&gt;места&lt;/code&gt;, but a negation of a verb &lt;code&gt;существует&lt;/code&gt; that is hidden in this &lt;code&gt;нет&lt;/code&gt;, so what you are really saying is &lt;code&gt;не существует места&lt;/code&gt;. On the other hand, &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;code&gt;не место&lt;/code&gt; negates &lt;code&gt;место&lt;/code&gt; itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, why &lt;code&gt;место&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;места&lt;/code&gt;. Now that &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt; negates &lt;code&gt;место&lt;/code&gt; is established, there's no reason for &lt;code&gt;место&lt;/code&gt; to change cases. Drop &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt; and you'll see it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таким людям, как я, место в этом мире.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adding &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt; shouldn't change anything as far as cases go -- when you add &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt; into &lt;code&gt;Курица - птица&lt;/code&gt; to say &lt;code&gt;Курица не птица&lt;/code&gt; you don't switch cases too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11270" LastEditorUserId="11270" LastEditDate="2018-12-04T14:04:17.100" LastActivityDate="2018-12-04T14:04:17.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17620" CreationDate="2018-12-04T10:05:30.913" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both expressions are valid, with different meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне здесь нет места. - There is no place/room for me here.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне здесь не место. - I shouldn't be here. / This place is not for me.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to the grammar, here is my unvalidated theory: место is used as a predicative (предикатив). As predicatives are not inflected, место has also lost its inflection in this role:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне здесь не хорошо.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне здесь не спится.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне здесь не место.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-12-05T13:46:53.913" LastActivityDate="2018-12-05T13:46:53.913" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17625" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17628" CreationDate="2018-12-04T15:55:46.043" Score="4" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Похоже, я встречаю одних &lt;strong&gt;лишь&lt;/strong&gt; жадных женщин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume that the adverb &quot;лишь&quot;, along with the adjective &quot;одних&quot;, conveys the idea of &quot;(meet) only/just&quot;. I wonder why &quot;лишь&quot; needs to be interposed between the two adjectives &quot;одних&quot; and &quot;жадных&quot; like this instead of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Похоже, я встречаю &lt;strong&gt;лишь&lt;/strong&gt; одних жадных женщин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T08:21:37.727" Title="Why is &quot;лишь&quot; interposed in &quot;одних лишь жадных женщин&quot;?" Tags="&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17625" CreationDate="2018-12-04T16:08:16.737" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say that in this case &lt;code&gt;одних&lt;/code&gt; works much more like &lt;em&gt;an article would&lt;/em&gt; and not as an adjective at all. You can't possibly say &lt;code&gt;Похоже, я встречаю жадных одних женщин.&lt;/code&gt; I guess there's a clever world for role of &lt;code&gt;одних&lt;/code&gt; in this sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you say that you would actually wonder why the second form is allowed, and not the first one. Of course you will say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the &lt;strong&gt;only&lt;/strong&gt; greedy woman&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and not &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;only&lt;/strong&gt; the greedy woman&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &lt;code&gt;одних&lt;/code&gt; as an article has an opposite effect of &lt;code&gt;the&lt;/code&gt; in English. So instead of meeting the only greedy woman you meet all women who are greedy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P. S. And the second form will be actually discouraged in written Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2018-12-04T16:08:16.737" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17625" CreationDate="2018-12-04T16:19:46.137" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I wonder why &quot;лишь&quot; needs to be interposed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Depends on what you mean by needs -- it certainly doesn't have to. I don't see much difference between &lt;code&gt;одних лишь&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;лишь одних&lt;/code&gt;, at least in the example that you are giving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would a person opt for the second phrase in your example, and not the first one? Because they wouldn't want to &lt;em&gt;говорить стихами&lt;/em&gt;, for example -- your first phrase reads like a verse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11270" LastActivityDate="2018-12-04T16:19:46.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17625" CreationDate="2018-12-04T16:34:33.163" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The numeral &lt;strong&gt;одни(х)&lt;/strong&gt; is used here in the meaning &lt;strong&gt;только&lt;/strong&gt;, so the word combination is equivalent in sense to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;только лишь&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; where the two words are close synonyms and express almost the same meaning. They can follow in &lt;em&gt;either&lt;/em&gt; order without changing sense, but the version &quot;&lt;strong&gt;одних лишь&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in that particular sentence sounds slightly &lt;em&gt;more phonetically balanced&lt;/em&gt; than &quot;&lt;strong&gt;лишь одних&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; would. If another numeral in place of &lt;em&gt;одни(х)&lt;/em&gt; were used here for 'counting' those women (встретил &quot;лишь двух&quot; жадных женщин, а не больше), another word order (&quot;двух лишь&quot;) wouldn't work well. So &quot;&lt;strong&gt;одних лишь&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;лишь одних&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; has  here the sense similar to that of the combination '&lt;strong&gt;only just&lt;/strong&gt;': &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/only-just&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/only-just&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-12-11T08:21:37.727" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T08:21:37.727" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17629" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17630" CreationDate="2018-12-04T18:20:05.950" Score="7" ViewCount="305" Body="&lt;p&gt;I Listened to a podcast, in which the speaker attempted to explain what &lt;strong&gt;тренироваться на кошечках&lt;/strong&gt; means and how it's used, yet I failed to grasp the meaning. Can someone explain? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-12-04T22:33:32.533" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T01:20:23.483" Title="Meaning of &quot;тренироваться на кошечках&quot;" Tags="&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17629" CreationDate="2018-12-04T18:23:01.077" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Means &amp;quot;to train on a dummy&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;to practice the skills on a much simpler case&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having been born back in the USSR and still being widely used by all generations, except may be the very old, it's quite a resilient meme from a film called &amp;quot;Операция Ы&amp;quot;. Here's the scene where it's used: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-j79mA_6BAQ&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be employed quite liberally in all sorts of conversations -- you can have a dialogue that goes like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Давай поднимемся на Эверест?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Может, сначала потренируемся на кошечках и покорим Эльбрус?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11270" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-04T19:16:32.170" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17631" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17632" CreationDate="2018-12-04T22:41:58.403" Score="0" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;I open a read book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь рэд это третья форма глагола, то есть она означает и прочитанный и читаемый одновременно!&#xA;Тогда как правильно перевести:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я открыл прочитанную книгу.&#xA;или&#xA;Я открыл читаемую книгу. (недочитанную)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11288" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-12-05T09:27:56.257" LastActivityDate="2018-12-05T10:30:22.290" Title="&quot;Прочитанную книгу&quot; или &quot;читаемую книгу&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17631" CreationDate="2018-12-05T10:30:22.290" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильно - переводить, пользуясь контекстом. Здесь слишком мало информации из оригинала, чтобы сделать перевод правильно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если же это упражнение, где надо просто перевести фразы на русский, то напишите два варианта и покажите вашему учителю, что вы знаете оба. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не понимаю, почему ответы упорно переносятся в комментарии, тогда как сообщения не по теме не модерируются. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-12-05T10:30:22.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17625" CreationDate="2018-12-05T15:25:36.750" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we read the phrase aloud, it sounds &lt;strong&gt;rhytmical&lt;/strong&gt;. So, it can be either a line of a poem/song, or a phrase from the direct speech of a character. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if you put лишь first, the rhythm breaks. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grammatically it can be both лишь одних and одних лишь. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-12-07T16:44:41.013" LastActivityDate="2018-12-07T16:44:41.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17634" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17635" CreationDate="2018-12-06T04:33:56.597" Score="2" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы будем помогать &lt;strong&gt;друг другу всем&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder how placing &quot;всем&quot; after &quot;друг другу&quot; compares with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы &lt;strong&gt;все&lt;/strong&gt;  будем помогать &lt;strong&gt;друг другу&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it just a stylistic difference, or are they nuanced?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-12-06T05:35:40.053" LastActivityDate="2018-12-06T14:21:58.563" Title="Difference between &quot;друг другу всем&quot; and &quot;все ... друг другу&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17635" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17634" CreationDate="2018-12-06T05:31:31.670" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First phrase has the meaning of &quot;we'll be helping each other with everything&quot;, where everything refers to the amount of help they can provide each other, i.e. &quot;with everything we've got, we can spare, etc.&quot; Note that if you wanted to mean &quot;we'll be helping each other in everything&quot;, you would use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы будем помогать друг другу во всём.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As mentioned by Баян Купи-ка in the comments, &lt;strong&gt;всем&lt;/strong&gt; in the first expression is the instrumental case of &lt;em&gt;всё&lt;/em&gt;. Adding &lt;em&gt;чем сможем&lt;/em&gt; at the end can help with understanding why the instrumental case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы будем помогать друг другу всем, чем сможем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding &lt;em&gt;чем сможем&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;чем можем&lt;/em&gt; that you asked about in the comments, there's literally no difference in meaning -- a native Russian speaker would interpret them  the same way, at least in the setting that you provide -- but formally, &lt;strong&gt;всем, чем сможем&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;with everything we'll be able to spare/we'll have&quot; and &lt;strong&gt;всем, чем можем&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;with everything we can spare/we have&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second phrase = &quot;we all will be helping each other&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11270" LastEditorUserId="11270" LastEditDate="2018-12-06T14:21:58.563" LastActivityDate="2018-12-06T14:21:58.563" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17636" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17637" CreationDate="2018-12-07T06:30:37.603" Score="4" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Уважение к нему и сейчас в стране существует, и немалое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Уважение к нему и сейчас в стране существует, и не малое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2018-12-07T11:29:56.853" Title="&quot;немалое&quot; or &quot;не малое&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17636" CreationDate="2018-12-07T07:41:40.850" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, “не” with adjectives and participles is quite tricky in Russian.&#xA;So, even large part of native speakers cannot write it properly very often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically you write “не” seprately if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;you have some &lt;strong&gt;strengthening&lt;/strong&gt; word or phrase (like “далеко не”, “отнюдь не”, “вовсе не”, “ничуть не”, “нисколько не”, etc) near the main word;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;you have some &lt;strong&gt;antithesis&lt;/strong&gt; (after the main statement) that opposes the primary meaning;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;you want to imply some antithesis or strengthening &lt;em&gt;implicitly&lt;/em&gt; without writing them (sort of the author’s grammar).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;strengthening “совсем не малое”:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Уважение к нему и сейчас в стране существует, и совсем не малое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;explicit opposition „не малое, а …“:&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Уважение к нему и сейчас в стране существует, и не малое, а довольно значительное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your “short” case you most likely shoud use “немалое”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In common usage one can apply the rule of thumb as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;If you can replace “не”-something in sentence with a one-word synonym (not containing “не” prefix) without losing any meaning and context, you should write it as one word.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Уважение к нему и сейчас в стране существует, и значительное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More information about “не” you can find in grammar rules (in Russian):&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://therules.ru/hyphen-particles/#88&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://therules.ru/hyphen-particles/#88&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(§ 88 and so on)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11139" LastEditorUserId="11139" LastEditDate="2018-12-07T08:47:33.407" LastActivityDate="2018-12-07T08:47:33.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17636" CreationDate="2018-12-07T11:29:56.853" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to what has been said, one trick for deciding how to write &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; with an adjective -- слитно or раздельно -- is by examining whether &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; together with its adjective assert/affirm a property of the noun phrase, in which case you should write them &lt;em&gt;слитно&lt;/em&gt;, or reject/deny it (i.e. property), in which case it is &lt;em&gt;раздельно&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Telling the difference between the two can be sometimes quite tricky, but in your example it's quite obvious that &lt;em&gt;немалое&lt;/em&gt; should be chosen -- you are clearly asserting that this man is of notable repute rather than trying to dismiss the claim that there's little respect for him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To show how &lt;em&gt;не малое&lt;/em&gt; can pop up in a setting similar to the one you provide, imagine a dialogue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Person А: Уважение к нему сейчас в стране малое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Person В: Неправда, не малое...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;малое&lt;/em&gt; can be said to be out of place in this particular Person A's phrase and in need of being changed for, say, &lt;em&gt;маленькое&lt;/em&gt;, but style is not the important thing here. The important thing is that &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;малое&lt;/em&gt; are written раздельно in Person B's response -- for the very reason that Person B is not asserting that the man is held in high respect, but denying that respect for him is low.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11270" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-07T11:29:56.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17639" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-09T17:50:21.390" Score="3" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;p&gt;Normally a reflexivity of a verb stays the same regardless of aspect (not talking about semantic derivation). But I have learned three exceptions to this rule already:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;станови́ться – стать&lt;/strong&gt; (but: ста́ться &lt;em&gt;разг.&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;сади́ться – сесть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;соску́читься – скуча́ть&lt;/strong&gt; (по кому́-то / о ко́м-то)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can only think of one example in Polish and always considered it an oddity, so I am wondering if this is a wider phenomenon in Russian. Are there other pairs of verbs like these?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8679" LastActivityDate="2018-12-10T13:27:59.243" Title="Aspectual pairs with one reflexive" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17641" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17642" CreationDate="2018-12-09T18:59:11.213" Score="2" ViewCount="102" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Nicholas J. Brown's book, The New Penguin Russian Course - A Complete Course for Beginners (1996), there is an exercise (27.5 if it matters) containing a sentence;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Девяносто пять процентов тех, кто участвовал в опросе, назвали Кларка Гейбла единственно возможным Реттом Батлером.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I. I assume that the last four words are in instrumental case because it is like a profession, to be this Ретт Батлер. &lt;strong&gt;(Question 1)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt; As it is written... &lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;II. I believe that the two words I am inquiring about , единственно возможным (Реттом)..., are an adverb, followed by a long-form adjective used &lt;em&gt;attributively&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;(Question 2)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't see a 'linking verb' so I assume that the adjective 'possible' is used &lt;em&gt;attributively&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;(Question 3)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can see that the adverb 'only' is modifying the following long-form adjective 'possible', but what would it mean if the adverb was replaced by a short-form adjective (I think two consecutive adjectives used &lt;em&gt;attributively&lt;/em&gt;, maybe even &lt;em&gt;predicatively&lt;/em&gt;, require the first adjective to be short-form. &lt;strong&gt;(Question 4)&lt;/strong&gt;), therefore modifying the same noun 'possible' modifies, as in the following? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;единственен возможным (Реттом Батлером)...&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since short-form adjectives are only used &lt;em&gt;predicatively&lt;/em&gt;, would this be valid as there seemingly is no linking verb? &lt;strong&gt;(Question 5)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt; If I wrote it from scratch... &lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I was going to make the sentence from scratch, can't both consecutive words единственно возможным actually be constructed &lt;em&gt;attributively&lt;/em&gt;, as long-form adjectives &lt;strong&gt;(Question 6)&lt;/strong&gt; and written as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;_единственным возможным (Реттом Батлером)..._, &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as they both precede the noun (Ретт(ом) Батлер(ом)) they modify? &lt;strong&gt;(Question 7)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By this site, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/13006/when-to-use-the-short-form-of-an-adjective/13007#13007&quot;&gt;when to use the short form of an adjective?&lt;/a&gt;, I understand the temporal/permanence features of the long and short adjectives, and so there may be more permanence with 'only' in this case. &lt;strong&gt;(Question 8)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastActivityDate="2018-12-09T20:00:52.703" Title="short, long adjective, adverb for two consecutive words" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17641" CreationDate="2018-12-09T20:00:52.703" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Nominative case of the phrase under consideration is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;единственно возможный Ретт Батлер&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the verb называть requires the following cases. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Называть кого-то/что-то (Accusative) кем-то/чем-то (Instrumental).&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;strong&gt;единственно&lt;/strong&gt; is an &lt;strong&gt;adverb&lt;/strong&gt; used as a &lt;strong&gt;particle&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;единственно возможный/-ая/-ое&lt;/strong&gt; is a set phrase. The word единственно has no declension. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase &lt;strong&gt;единственно возможный&lt;/strong&gt; is an &lt;strong&gt;attribute&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;There are no short forms of anything in this sentence.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But still, we can discuss them. We can't replace единственно with единственен for two reasons. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, we don't generally use this strange word. :) It sounds outdated and hard to say. And hard even to imagine where to be used betted than the full form единственный. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, in this phrase the notional characteristic is возможный, and единственно/единственный is a modifying word for it. In such cases it is pretty weird to use a short adjective. Besides, &lt;em&gt;we can't shorten a particle&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it is possible to shorten the notional adjective, but usage of a shortened adjective requires some changes in the word order. &lt;strong&gt;A shortened adjective is not used attributively.&lt;/strong&gt; The only variant possible is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они считали, что такой вариант единственно возможен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we wanted to modify the phrase discussed, it could be &lt;strong&gt;единственный Ретт Батлер, который нам нравится&lt;/strong&gt;, for example. Then, we could compose the phrase &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;мы назвали Кларка Гейбла единственным Реттом Батлером, который нам нравится&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-12-09T20:00:52.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17639" CreationDate="2018-12-09T20:09:39.603" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It sounds logical :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ложиться - лечь&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pay attention that статься has the meaning of случиться, to happen. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;при-/за-/на-/всмотреться - смотреть &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;дождаться - ждать &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;при-/за-/на-/вслушаться - слушать &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;наесться - есть (and there is a possibility to express having done&#xA;  enough of anything with the prefix на- and the reflexive particle -ся)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;приесться - надоесть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, I would separate them in a way. Лечь, стать, сесть as the verbs of physical situation, and скучать, ждать, смотреть, etc. as feelings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-12-09T22:28:04.147" LastActivityDate="2018-12-09T22:28:04.147" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17639" CreationDate="2018-12-10T13:27:59.243" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Regular imperfective counterparts for &lt;em&gt;стать, сесть, лечь&lt;/em&gt; should have been &lt;em&gt;*ставать, *седать, *легать&lt;/em&gt;, but those forms have fallen out of use as standalone words in the codified language, though they continue to exist as roots: &lt;em&gt;встать / вставать, присесть / приседать, налечь / налегать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These forms have been &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppletion&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;suppleted&lt;/a&gt; with the reflexive causatives: &lt;em&gt;-становить, -садить, -ложить&lt;/em&gt; are causatives meaning &quot;make stand&quot;, &quot;make sit&quot; and &quot;make lie&quot;, respectively, and when used with a reflexive postfix they mean &quot;make oneself stand&quot;, &quot;make oneself sit&quot; and &quot;make oneself lie&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't think of any more suppletive imperfective verbs with this exact paradigm (causative + reflexive) in Russian, but there are other paradigms: vowel alternation (&lt;em&gt;умирать / умереть, собирать / собрать&lt;/em&gt;); stress alternation (&lt;em&gt;насыпа&amp;#x301;ть / насы&amp;#x301;пать, нареза&amp;#x301;ть / наре&amp;#x301;зать&lt;/em&gt;); good old replacement with etymologically unrelated roots (&lt;em&gt;ловить / поймать, брать / взять&lt;/em&gt;) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-12-10T13:27:59.243" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17645" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17646" CreationDate="2018-12-10T15:42:28.177" Score="1" ViewCount="113" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just said in conversation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Неужели у вас не бывает &lt;strong&gt;такого&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;когда&lt;/strong&gt; вы просто не можете удержаться от улыбки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking back on it, I'm not sure if  &quot;такое&quot; can work like a &lt;em&gt;placeholder&lt;/em&gt; word referring to the following &quot;когда&quot; subordinate clause -- perhaps similar to the structure &quot;стать &lt;strong&gt;такой&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; ты&quot;, for instance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do native speakers commonly express this idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-12-10T15:47:53.233" LastActivityDate="2018-12-10T22:16:28.760" Title="Can &quot;такое&quot; work like a placeholder word referring to the following &quot;когда&quot; subordinate clause?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17646" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17645" CreationDate="2018-12-10T16:12:23.237" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say that it's perfectly acceptable in colloquial speech. However, a more commonly used construct is &quot;такого, что&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Неужели у вас не бывает &lt;strong&gt;такого, что&lt;/strong&gt; вы просто не можете удержаться от улыбки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9673" LastActivityDate="2018-12-10T16:12:23.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17647" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17645" CreationDate="2018-12-10T20:43:42.200" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In phrases like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня бывает &lt;strong&gt;такое, что&lt;/strong&gt; я просыпаюсь рано утром и не могу больше&#xA;заснуть.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Бывает &lt;strong&gt;такое, когда&lt;/strong&gt; хочешь сделать что-то хорошее, а не&#xA;получается.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Бывает &lt;strong&gt;такое:&lt;/strong&gt; понимаешь, что знаком с человеком, а не&#xA;можешь вспомнить имя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the word такое is a placeholder. Pay attention, that the neuter gender is quite commonly used in such phrases of general meaning not containing a noun. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сейте разумное, доброе, вечное,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сейте! Спасибо вам скажет сердечное&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;‎Русский народ…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Н.А.Некрасов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &lt;strong&gt;стать такой, как ты&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;to become like you&lt;/strong&gt;, and it can not only be shortened to &lt;strong&gt;стать, как ты&lt;/strong&gt;, but also extended to &lt;strong&gt;стать такой красивой&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;умной&lt;/strong&gt;, and also nouns &lt;strong&gt;красавицей&lt;/strong&gt;, also phrases &lt;strong&gt;хорошей мамой&lt;/strong&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;как ты&lt;/strong&gt;. In this case такой is the Accusative case of &lt;strong&gt;такая&lt;/strong&gt;, it's feminine. We can say &lt;strong&gt;стать таким, как ты&lt;/strong&gt;, if we mean a man. Here the word &lt;strong&gt;такой&lt;/strong&gt; is not a placeholder, the structure is different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-10T20:43:42.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17645" CreationDate="2018-12-10T22:16:28.760" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal et al., 210.3.а:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;… выбор союза или союзного слова, которые не подходят для данного контекста, например: … &lt;em&gt;Создалась обстановка, когда мало что благоприятствовало стабилизации&lt;/em&gt; (слово &lt;em&gt;когда&lt;/em&gt; с присущим ему значением времени не подходит для контекста; можно было сказать: &lt;em&gt;Создалась обстановка, которая не благоприятствовала стабилизации&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be better to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Неужели с вами не случается такого, что вы просто не можете удержаться от улыбки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Неужели у вас не бывает мгновения, когда вы просто не можете удержаться от улыбки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-12-10T22:16:28.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17649" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-11T01:40:17.800" Score="5" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is said in a Vladimir Vysotsky song.&#xA;Прочь влияния извне,&#xA;привыкайте к новизне,&#xA;вдох глубокий до изне–&#xA;можения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe it comes from the word мочь but I'm not completely sure. I'd be grateful if anyone wanted to explain the meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11058" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-12-12T14:26:36.300" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T07:49:16.837" Title="Anyone want to expand on what &quot;можения&quot; means?" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17649" CreationDate="2018-12-11T02:24:48.063" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase is &quot;до изнеможения&quot; - &quot;until exhaustion&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;изнеможение - exhaustion&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does come from мочь. &quot;До изнеможения&quot; literally means &quot;until you can't anymore&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T02:24:48.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17651" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17655" CreationDate="2018-12-11T05:03:08.423" Score="2" ViewCount="80" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just said in conversation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Похоже, у меня не остается &lt;strong&gt;другого&lt;/strong&gt; выбора, &lt;strong&gt;кроме как&lt;/strong&gt; помочь им.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if I could just as well have said &quot;&lt;strong&gt;другого&lt;/strong&gt; выбора, &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; помочь&quot;, dropping &quot;кроме&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-12-12T07:17:31.270" Title="Difference between &quot;другого ..., кроме как ...&quot; and &quot;другого ..., как ...&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17652" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17651" CreationDate="2018-12-11T05:56:09.360" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both variants are grammatical and have the same meaning. &#xA;The first variant is more explicit, and you can stick to it for that reason: there could be other similar phrases where &lt;em&gt;как&lt;/em&gt; would rather mean &lt;em&gt;how&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я не знаю другого способа как тебе помочь. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I do not know another way how to help you)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T05:56:09.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17649" CreationDate="2018-12-11T06:53:48.770" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason why the word was divided with a dash is that the rhyme demands it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прочь влияния извне, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привыкайте к новизне, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вдох глубокий до изне-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;можения!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jkojGf_u2uI&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;And Vysotsky actually stressed that pause there.&lt;/a&gt; It is typical of him. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whereas normally the lyrics are &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прочь влияния извне, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привыкайте к новизне, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вдох глубокий до изнеможения. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, there was such a phenomenon in the USSR as &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6lDdBt5kwY&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;morning exercises&lt;/a&gt;. Recommendations were read by a radio (and later - TV) announcer, it was accompanied by piano music, and the aim was to help Soviet citizens get healthier by speading sports habits among the population. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This, together with the specifics of the TV of that time, evoked a number of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtQH4ZzcT4Y&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;jokes&lt;/a&gt;, and Vysotsky wrote his song as a mockery. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-12-12T05:04:35.010" LastActivityDate="2018-12-12T05:04:35.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17654" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17657" CreationDate="2018-12-11T07:05:01.140" Score="5" ViewCount="300" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Выходит, что мужчины -- &lt;strong&gt;что старые, что молодые&lt;/strong&gt; -- просто не могут пройти мимо такой красавицы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I wanted to express the idea of &quot;all men, &lt;strong&gt;young and old&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. I wonder if my phrasing above got my meaning across.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do native speakers commonly express this idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T07:51:22.897" Title="Russian equivalents of &quot;all men, young and old&quot;" Tags="&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17651" CreationDate="2018-12-11T07:08:07.647" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Although they are both possible, I disagree that they have the same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Expression &lt;strong&gt;with кроме&lt;/strong&gt; discusses how you can't not help them -- &lt;em&gt;выбор&lt;/em&gt; refers to the choice between helping and not helping, i.e. not helping is initially an option, but it's eventually rejected in favor of helping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Expression &lt;strong&gt;without кроме&lt;/strong&gt; discusses how there's no other way of helping them -- &lt;em&gt;выбор&lt;/em&gt; refers to the choice between all the hypothetical ways to help them, i.e. not helping is not an option in the first place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum up,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Похоже, у меня не остается другого выбора, кроме как помочь им.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Apparently, I have no choice but to help them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Похоже, у меня не остается другого выбора, как помочь им.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Apparently, I have no other option how to help them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As mentioned by Баян in the comments, the last Russian sentence is a poor choice of words, and more natural way of saying would look like &lt;em&gt;...не остаётся другого способа помочь им&lt;/em&gt;. Still, if you encountered &lt;em&gt;у меня не остаётся другого выбора, как помочь им&lt;/em&gt;, and you totally can, you should definitely take it to mean &quot;...I have no other option how to help them&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11270" LastEditorUserId="11270" LastEditDate="2018-12-12T07:17:31.270" LastActivityDate="2018-12-12T07:17:31.270" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17654" CreationDate="2018-12-11T07:39:48.990" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yours works. You could have also used &lt;strong&gt;и старые, и молодые&lt;/strong&gt; and, since there's a negation in the sentence, double negation to say &lt;strong&gt;ни старые, ни молодые&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other options&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- мужчины всех возрастов просто не могут пройти...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- мужчины любого возраста просто не могут пройти...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- мужчины вне зависимости от возраста просто не могут пройти...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- мужчины, какого бы возраста они ни были, просто не могут пройти...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11270" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T07:39:48.990" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17654" CreationDate="2018-12-11T07:58:26.200" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a standard expression adopted in Russian literature: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;и стар и млад&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In colloquial speech it is sometimes replaced by a version &lt;strong&gt;&quot;что стар, что млад&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, in the Russian language there is a very famous quote &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Любви все возрасты покорны&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;(&lt;em&gt;А.С.Пушкин, &quot;Евгений Онегин&quot;&lt;/em&gt;) - &lt;strong&gt;&quot;To love all ages are obedient&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;&quot;To love all ages yield surrender&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, and when it comes to romantic relationships of people of different ages,  references to this phrase are used very often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2018-12-11T08:28:04.967" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T08:28:04.967" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17658" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17654" CreationDate="2018-12-11T08:04:16.563" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ни стар, ни млад. Стар и млад.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither the old, nor the young. Ни стар, ни млад &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06J5xI9B0vk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;не может пройти мимо такой красавицы&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is in a way synonimous to the following phrase. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ни стар, ни мал. Стар и мал. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither the old, nor the little. This expression unites all people from childhood to senility, not about romantic relations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T08:04:16.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17659" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17670" CreationDate="2018-12-11T09:25:13.977" Score="2" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какое &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; положение ты &lt;strong&gt;ни&lt;/strong&gt; занимал в обществе, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Неважно&lt;/strong&gt;, какое положение занимаешь в обществе, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не важно&lt;/strong&gt;, какое положение занимаешь в обществе, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tend to use these subordinate structures almost interchangeably to express the idea of &amp;quot;no matter ...&amp;quot;, but I wonder if and how they are nuanced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T22:16:43.453" Title="Nuances between &quot;... бы ... ни ...&quot; and &quot;неважно, ...&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17660" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17667" CreationDate="2018-12-11T13:10:50.537" Score="6" ViewCount="298" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они &lt;strong&gt;не то чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; открыть, а даже сдвинуть его с места не могут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm familiar with the expression &quot;Не то чтобы&quot; -- in the sense of &quot;Not that ...&quot; -- placed at the beginning of a subordinate clause, but I assume we are looking at a different meaning here, given its position. Is it close in meaning to &quot;мало того, что ...&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-12-14T10:58:59.983" Title="The meaning and usage of &quot;не то чтобы&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17660" CreationDate="2018-12-11T13:15:09.287" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The closest phrase in English would be something like &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Not only couldn't they&lt;/strong&gt; open it - they failed even to move it&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other similar Russian phrase worth to know is &quot;что там&quot;, like in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что там открыть - они сдвинуть с места его не могут!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-12-11T13:23:27.533" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T13:23:27.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17663" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17665" CreationDate="2018-12-11T16:27:34.987" Score="4" ViewCount="276" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my understanding, they both mean across, right? Are they interchangeable or used in specific situations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11295" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-12-12T14:27:05.270" LastActivityDate="2018-12-12T14:27:05.270" Title="Which is the difference between &quot;поперек&quot; and &quot;через&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17663" CreationDate="2018-12-11T16:39:29.170" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;поперек&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;across&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;через&lt;/strong&gt; - both &lt;em&gt;through&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;across&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But into English they often aren't translated one for one, the translation needs to be idiomatic, so it depends on the context and conventons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T16:39:29.170" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17663" CreationDate="2018-12-11T16:39:29.317" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a difference in meaning between these words. It would help if you could tell us the sentence that you are trying to use them in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;поперёк means &quot;across&quot; as opposed to &quot;along&quot;, as in the expression &quot;вдоль и поперёк&quot;, which literally means &quot;along and across&quot;, and figuratively means &quot;throughout&quot; or &quot;every which way&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Стать поперёк дороги - to stand across a road, like a car parked sideways blocking the road, or, figuratively, to stand in someone's way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Через means &quot;across&quot; in the sense of &quot;over&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Перейти через дорогу - to cross (walk across) the road.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Переплыть через реку - to swim across a river.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastEditorUserId="115" LastEditDate="2018-12-11T20:14:40.497" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T20:14:40.497" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17660" CreationDate="2018-12-11T16:50:39.513" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The correct translation would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They can't even &lt;em&gt;move&lt;/em&gt; it, let alone opening it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Opening is perceived as a more difficult task than moving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-12-12T12:19:15.020" LastActivityDate="2018-12-12T12:19:15.020" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17660" CreationDate="2018-12-11T19:19:30.953" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First there's a need to clarify the accurate wording of the construction, which should be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они &lt;strong&gt;не то что&lt;/strong&gt; открыть, а даже сдвинуть его с места не могут&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;не то чтобы&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; has different meaning, namely  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;not exactly/quite&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  and  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;it's not that&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;употребляется при выражении неопределённости оценки признака или&#xA;  действия&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И &lt;strong&gt;не то чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; да, и &lt;strong&gt;не то чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; нет - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Not exactly&lt;/strong&gt; 'yes' and &lt;strong&gt;not exactly&lt;/strong&gt; 'no' either&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не то чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; все, но многие - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Not exactly&lt;/strong&gt; everyone, but many&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Моря &lt;strong&gt;не то чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; нет — оно далеко и очень мелкое - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;It's not that&lt;/strong&gt; there's no sea, &lt;strong&gt;but it's&lt;/strong&gt; far away and very shallow.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сейф &lt;strong&gt;не то чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; тяжёлый, &lt;strong&gt;просто&lt;/strong&gt; громоздкий - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;It's not that&lt;/strong&gt; the safe is heavy/The safe is &lt;strong&gt;not exactly&lt;/strong&gt; heavy, &lt;strong&gt;just&lt;/strong&gt; bulky&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Cейф &lt;strong&gt;не то чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; тяжёлый, &lt;strong&gt;но&lt;/strong&gt; сдвинуть его с места они (всё равно) не могут - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;It's not that&lt;/strong&gt; the safe is heavy, &lt;strong&gt;but&lt;/strong&gt; they &lt;strong&gt;still&lt;/strong&gt; can't move it&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Native speakers seem to confuse the two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the phrase in question in its rectified form&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они &lt;strong&gt;не то что&lt;/strong&gt; открыть, а даже сдвинуть его с места не могут&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is translated as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Not only can't they open it, even budge it they can't&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a safe is protected by a code, obviously opening it without knowing the code is a much harder task than moving it, therefore inability to move it is more striking due to being less likely to happen and this is what gets the syntactic emphasis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Synonymous Russian constructions are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они &lt;strong&gt;мало того, что&lt;/strong&gt; открыть его не могут, они не могут его &lt;strong&gt;даже&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  с места сдвинуть.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мало того, что&lt;/strong&gt; они его не могут открыть, &lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt; они его &lt;strong&gt;ещё и&lt;/strong&gt; с места сдвинуть не могут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The adverb &lt;strong&gt;мало&lt;/strong&gt; signifies that the content of the 1st clause is only a part of the problem, while the brunt of the problem is introduced with the adverbs &lt;strong&gt;даже&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt; in the 2nd clause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;не то, что&lt;/strong&gt; always fashions exacerbation, aggravation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она &lt;strong&gt;не то, что&lt;/strong&gt; маленькая, она микроскопическая - &lt;em&gt;Not only it's small, it's microscopic&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я ему &lt;strong&gt;не то, что&lt;/strong&gt; сказал, я ему это в ухо проорал - &lt;em&gt;Not only i told him so, i shouted this into his ear&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;compare with the connotation of reservation or abatement created by &lt;strong&gt;не то чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; (essentially the opposite of the one created by &lt;em&gt;не то, что&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она &lt;strong&gt;не то чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; маленькая, но всё равно по размеру не годится - &lt;em&gt;It's not exactly small, but still doesn't meet the size&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я ему &lt;strong&gt;не то чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; сказал, а так, намекнул - &lt;em&gt;It's not that i told him so, just hinted&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-14T10:58:59.983" LastActivityDate="2018-12-14T10:58:59.983" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17668" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17669" CreationDate="2018-12-11T19:27:32.973" Score="0" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to start learning the russian language. But I have a problem, I have no idea what to do! So my question is what should I tackle first? What is the easiest way to start learning russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11099" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T19:59:46.740" Title="What should I learn first?" Tags="&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2018-12-11T20:04:37.123" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17668" CreationDate="2018-12-11T19:59:46.740" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The easiest way to start learning any language is to find a teacher or/and a course and join a target-language speaking community. Good books and motivation are also important. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays there is a possibility to study online via Skype, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Self-study also helps, though not so efficiently as communicating people in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you choose self-study, get a textbook and use it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, youtube can be helpful, though there is not really much material for foreign students, but still you can watch something to your taste in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Switch your gadgets to the Russian interface, be curious about the names of everything around you in Russian, learn the reading rules and read aloud as much as you can, whisper every Russian word you see. Write and type Russian, read what you have written, learn useful words and phrases by heart. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ask questions here. :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-12-11T19:59:46.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17659" CreationDate="2018-12-12T05:23:58.283" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not sure one can find big nuances here. These structures seem  to be more functional and auxiliary, they express the idea 'no matter', but their lexical content is of less importance. However, one could think of &lt;em&gt;неважно&lt;/em&gt; as stressing that it really 'doesn't matter', it seems closer to the idea of 'unimportance' (and it expresses it lexically), whereas &lt;em&gt;бы - ни&lt;/em&gt;- doesn't explicitly say it's unimportant, it sounds more neutral and lacks that categorical 'unimportance' (which is rather expressed grammatically than lexically here).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-12-12T05:23:58.283" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17663" CreationDate="2018-12-12T05:49:32.113" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Через&lt;/strong&gt; (preposition) has at least 6 senses in Толковый словарь РЯ (Russian language dictionary). It may be used to express the senses 'across, through, with, by, with the help (aid) of', in X minutes (when talking about time), so the idea of crossing is just one of the senses, but quite popular. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Поперёк&lt;/strong&gt; can be both adverb and preposition. But it's basically just one narrower sense - across, more like spacial, geographical + metaphorical sense in set phrases and idioms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Logically speaking, when you cross the 10 m width of a 10x500 m field you go поперёк. Whereas &lt;em&gt;через&lt;/em&gt; could be any crossing - 10m across, 500m along, or one can cross it diagonally - all meaning going через поле. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;em&gt;через&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;поперёк&lt;/em&gt; are interchangable only in certain cases, not always. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-12-12T05:49:32.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17654" CreationDate="2018-12-12T06:09:35.017" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your variant works, but it sounds a bit literary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The neutral pronoun is &lt;em&gt;как... так и...&lt;/em&gt;. So the neutral register is 'все мужчины, как старые, так и молодые...' (or even simpler, double и...и   - и старые, и молодые) But maybe your variant could work better if one needs to sound ironic (more sophisticated, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;И стар, и млад&lt;/em&gt;... needs clarifying. This is an idiom (so it's more of less fixed, with a fixed meaning, so the deviations suggested before like &quot;ни стар, ни млад&quot; probably exist, but rare and not typical). But the fixed meaning is 'ALL people, regardless of sex, including children, everyone'... In your case you need to say it's 'men only', so I would be cautious to use &quot;и стар, и млад&quot; - it may be used probably to refer to men in some contexts if you specify it's men only, but logically it's not 100% impeccable, for strictly speaking it includes women and children, hence may sound ironical or funny if the phrasing is not exact. Besides, и стар, и млад (having archaic connotation, младой - is archaic form) in itself may sound ironic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastEditorUserId="10247" LastEditDate="2018-12-12T06:17:24.537" LastActivityDate="2018-12-12T06:17:24.537" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17649" CreationDate="2018-12-12T06:34:29.663" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Изнеможение. &#xA;Root is &quot;мочь&quot;, cf. я могу- I can, он может - he can.&#xA;Не - is negation. &#xA;Из - means 'out', &#xA;Hence, изнеможение - exhaustion, your strengh is out, and you can not do anything, you are weak (usually physically). &#xA;Technically, &lt;em&gt;изнеможение&lt;/em&gt; is from verbs &lt;em&gt;изнемогать, изнемочь&lt;/em&gt;. Just to be exact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-12-12T06:34:29.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17649" CreationDate="2018-12-13T07:49:16.837" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means “Abilities” and really comes from the word Мочь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11308" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T07:49:16.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17654" CreationDate="2018-12-13T07:51:22.897" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;«И стар, и млад»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«От мала до велика»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems like this.:)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11308" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T07:51:22.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17596" CreationDate="2018-12-13T07:56:58.227" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ужасный is it.:) or Грозный, ifabout the Ivan the 4th &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11308" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T07:56:58.227" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17677" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-13T09:02:46.640" Score="5" ViewCount="419" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как вообще возник оборот &quot;далось тебе [это] XXX&quot; ? Почему он означает то, что означает?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Т.е. я его использую, нутром ощущаю, но логически разложить этот оборот на составляющие, объяснить его механику - не могу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2019-03-24T16:28:51.310" Title="...дались тебе эти макароны!" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17596" CreationDate="2018-12-13T09:05:23.427" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ещё один вариант, который пока не приводили.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пугающая женщина&quot; - literary, fear-instilling woman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T09:05:23.427" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17679" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17685" CreationDate="2018-12-13T11:46:25.663" Score="5" ViewCount="319" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WhKCg.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WhKCg.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;My hometown has a saying or motto on their sign which reads, &quot;Where life is worth living&quot; and I'm trying to complete a Russian exercise for a language course in which I give a tour of my hometown in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My best idea of how to say this is, &quot;Тут Стоит Жить&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I was wondering if anyone more skilled in the language knows the most natural way to say this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To use this phrase in a sentence, you would say, &quot;This town is a place where life is worth living&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's meant to sound positive and catchy. In reality, it is sometimes used ironically when things go poorly in the town, but in general, it is a positive thing to say. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11275" LastEditorUserId="11275" LastEditDate="2018-12-13T12:03:14.673" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T22:11:29.113" Title="How would you translate, &quot;where life is worth living&quot; into Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17679" CreationDate="2018-12-13T12:47:52.223" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could go with a more literal translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Жизнь стоит того, чтобы жить.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same thing used in a sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вебстер - это место, где жизнь стоит того, чтобы жить.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in Russian only the first letter of a heading / motto is capitalized, just like in a normal sentence (unless you go for all caps like in the sign). The is no such thing as &quot;title case&quot; in official Russian orthography.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-12-13T13:37:21.050" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T13:37:21.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17679" CreationDate="2018-12-13T13:56:13.297" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;This town is a place where life is worth living.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Этот город - место, где жизнь стоит быть прожитой.&quot; - the most correct option, I guess, but not literal translation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Этот город - место, где жизнь стоит того, чтобы жить.&quot; - Sergey's translation is also correct, but it's a little bit crooked because of literal translation. &lt;em&gt;(my opinion)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11309" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T13:56:13.297" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17682" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17688" CreationDate="2018-12-13T14:04:34.157" Score="3" ViewCount="157" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Куда&lt;/strong&gt; нам еще однa шляпа, и так уже целый склад.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just heard my girlfriend say this, and I'm not familiar with this particular usage of &quot;куда&quot;. What does this sentence mean? Is it meant as a rhetorical question close in meaning to &quot;... никуда не годится&quot; or &quot;К чему ...?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T21:40:48.970" Title="The meaning and usage of &quot;Куда + dative + noun&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17682" CreationDate="2018-12-13T15:09:32.517" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you are basically right, &quot;Куда нам ... (nominative)&quot; means that you don't really need something. It can be disputed though, so it's not 100% rhetorical, but by saying that you imply that in your opinion the object you are talking about is useless for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="560" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T15:09:32.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17679" CreationDate="2018-12-13T15:19:20.400" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;То место, где стоит жить&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However to my ear the word &lt;strong&gt;место&lt;/strong&gt; used generically doesn't have in Russian particularly pleasant undertones (wonder if i'm alone). Mayhap it's due to such stable collocations as &lt;em&gt;отхожее место&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;мокрое место&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;заднее место&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;места не столь отдалённые&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the most obvious replacement is the generic noun for the locality&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Городок/Посёлок, где стоит жить&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nothing fancy here, a straightforward translation which captures the meaning of the original without unnecessary embellishments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've avoided the word &lt;strong&gt;деревня&lt;/strong&gt; (village) since in the reality of Russian life it's not associated with modern small communities, rather with far flung, derelict and backwards places&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason for the word &lt;strong&gt;life&lt;/strong&gt; in the English phrase is that in the  construction used it's required as an object of the noun &lt;strong&gt;living&lt;/strong&gt;. There's no such requirement in Russian for this particular case, so it can be dispensed with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;it is sometimes used ironically when things go poorly in the town&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sound ironic it must be construed like this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Where life is worth &lt;strong&gt;leaving&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-13T16:53:06.790" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T16:53:06.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17679" CreationDate="2018-12-13T15:19:37.600" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imperfective &lt;em&gt;жить&lt;/em&gt; does not really work as a transitive verb in Russian, so I don't really think you can make the literal translation work the same way the original English sentence does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can try replacing it with another pun or a word play or something:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Здесь не проживают, здесь живут&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;И жизнь хороша, и жить хорошо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Тут жизнь, в которой стоит жить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, or similar&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T15:19:37.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17686" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17682" CreationDate="2018-12-13T15:37:29.210" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;&quot;куда&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is commonly used to clarify a location or direction (&lt;em&gt;&quot;Куда он это положил?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&quot;Куда мне идти?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In this case, word &lt;strong&gt;&quot;куда&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; also has a meaning close to explaining the location/direction.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Куда ... еще&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; in this context means &quot;where we should go/use/store etc.&quot;, but with the connotation of uselessness of some extra action.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Куда нам еще одна шляпа?&lt;/strong&gt; - Where should we use/store one more hat (we already have enough hats)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Куда нам еще идти?&lt;/strong&gt; - Where else should we go (we are already in right place or just too tired to go anywhere else).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2018-12-13T15:58:17.263" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T15:58:17.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17679" CreationDate="2018-12-13T17:25:23.727" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll add a variant.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Деревня, достойная того, чтобы жить в ней.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, I like the author's version. It's not word-to-word, but it sounds good. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-12-13T21:28:25.423" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T21:28:25.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17682" CreationDate="2018-12-13T17:44:21.173" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Куда нам эта шляпа? У нас их целый склад.&lt;/strong&gt;  - Why take this hat, we don't have room for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Add &quot;&lt;strong&gt;куда + pronoun in Dative + Infinitive&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; to this row. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Куда тебе бегать, ты и ходишь-то с трудом!&lt;/strong&gt; - Do you really want to run being unable to walk properly? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And simply &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Куда там!&lt;/strong&gt; - No such luck. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's pretty colloquial, but quite decent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the other version is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;На кой чёрт тебе эта шляпа?&lt;/strong&gt; - Why the hell do you need this hat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кой&lt;/strong&gt; is a shorter version of &lt;strong&gt;какой&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Чёрт&quot; was (and is) a swearing word, that's why it was omitted, and the expression became&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;На кой мне туда идти?&lt;/strong&gt; - Why the hell shall I go there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And later one swearing word was replaced by other swearing words an euphemisms. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-12-13T17:44:21.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17689" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17690" CreationDate="2018-12-13T18:12:06.877" Score="1" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;The translators all give different meanings but which is the most appropriate way to say it? &#xA;Твоё счастье, что ты не здесь ( счастье’s main meaning is happiness)&#xA;Тебе повезло, что тебя здесь нет (повезло = what a score) &#xA;вам повезло, что вы не здесь&#xA;What are the difference between these and whats the usage difference between повезло и счастье? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2018-12-13T18:29:45.860" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T22:17:01.850" Title="Which is the best way to convey &quot;You're lucky that you're not here&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17689" CreationDate="2018-12-13T18:33:38.047" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Твоё счастье, что...&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;тебе повезло, что...&lt;/strong&gt; are both &lt;strong&gt;You were lucky enough&lt;/strong&gt; not to (have been here, go there, have such an angry teacher). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no real difference between them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-12-15T17:26:16.677" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T17:26:16.677" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17693" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17703" CreationDate="2018-12-14T12:18:11.563" Score="5" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не ослышалась? &lt;strong&gt;Клянусь&lt;/strong&gt;, я только что слышала, как она поблагодарила меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just heard this (sarcastically said) in conversation. In English, you'd express the same idea with the conditional tense: &quot;I &lt;strong&gt;could've sworn&lt;/strong&gt; I just heard ...&quot;. I wonder if it is more common in Russian to use the present tense like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T07:43:00.953" Title="Russian equivalents of &quot;I could've sworn ...&quot;" Tags="&lt;tense&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17694" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17696" CreationDate="2018-12-14T12:34:27.387" Score="3" ViewCount="125" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не ослышалась? Клянусь, я только что слышала, &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; она поблагодарила меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just heard this (sarcastically said) in conversation. I'm not sure why you use &quot;как&quot; instead of &quot;что&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не ослышалась? Клянусь, я только что слышала, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; она поблагодарила меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this sound like you heard the news from someone else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-12-22T01:10:13.160" Title="Difference in meaning between &quot;слышать, как ...&quot; and &quot;слышать, что ...&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17695" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17693" CreationDate="2018-12-14T12:40:05.197" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally swearing isn't typical to modern Russian, but if used it's in the indicative mood including in the form of &lt;strong&gt;готов(а) поклясться&lt;/strong&gt; which is dated and bookish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past one would hear &lt;strong&gt;вот тебе (истинный) крест&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;ей-богу&lt;/strong&gt;, but these are rare nowadays.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Modern vernacular replacements include &lt;strong&gt;говорю&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;отвечаю&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;зуб даю&lt;/strong&gt; (semi-modern), &lt;strong&gt;кроме шуток&lt;/strong&gt; (slang), &lt;strong&gt;бля буду&lt;/strong&gt; (vulgar and very low register)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English &lt;strong&gt;I could've sworn&lt;/strong&gt; means that the mistake has been realized, i don't think there's a set construction to convey such connotation in Russian. In theory one could use conditional mood &lt;strong&gt;я мог бы покляться&lt;/strong&gt; which would have that meaning but in practice it normally doesn't happen. So the Russian sentence is ambiguous due to the indicative mood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-15T07:43:00.953" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T07:43:00.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17694" CreationDate="2018-12-14T12:57:17.270" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, your assumption is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;слышала, что ...&lt;/code&gt; means knowing of the fact&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;слышала, как ...&lt;/code&gt; means witnessing the fact&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-14T15:08:15.803" LastActivityDate="2018-12-14T15:08:15.803" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17697" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17693" CreationDate="2018-12-14T14:20:20.197" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;OALD explains 'I could have sworn' like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[transitive] to promise that you are telling the truth swear (that)… She swore (that) she’d never seen him before. I could have sworn (= I am sure) I heard the phone ring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically in Russian present tense would be quite typical as in &lt;em&gt;Клянусь&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;Могу покляться&lt;/em&gt;. Russian has conditionals, but it may sound more literary in such situations. In theory it's OK to say &lt;em&gt;Я мог бы покляться&lt;/em&gt; - but it sounds a bit like actor in a play, or if one wants to sound very educated, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-12-14T14:20:20.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17698" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17701" CreationDate="2018-12-14T14:25:15.637" Score="2" ViewCount="323" Body="&lt;p&gt;My Kenneth Katzner dictionary translates &lt;strong&gt;grasshopper&lt;/strong&gt; only as &quot;кузнечик&quot;. And if you look up in virtually any internet dictionary, it is still &quot;кузнечик&quot;. No more, no less.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I recently found that there exists a bug called &lt;strong&gt;katydid&lt;/strong&gt;. Katydids have a green body, very long antennae, and if I do not mistake, they make their sounds using their wings rather than their hind legs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus I have been confused. Katydid = кузнечик? Then how do you translate &quot;grasshopper&quot;? I'd appreciate more information about this issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T22:24:42.807" Title="Correct Russian equivalent of 'grasshopper'" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17694" CreationDate="2018-12-14T14:27:36.087" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;как&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; seems more dynamic to me.. I heard how she thanked me.. (I was hearing her, may be physically, very likely I heard it myself).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is more about stating the fact, it could be &lt;em&gt;I heard that she thanked me&lt;/em&gt; (I was there and heard it physically), but could also be that someone tells you about this fact (You've just heard from the person who had been near her that she had thanked you). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-12-14T14:27:36.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17698" CreationDate="2018-12-14T14:59:13.120" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Perhaps, you mean &lt;strong&gt;саранча&lt;/strong&gt;? The difference is somewhere in the field of biology. :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-12-14T14:59:13.120" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17698" CreationDate="2018-12-14T15:00:16.610" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;To be honest, this is the first time I encounter the word &lt;strong&gt;katydis.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WKeJ9.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WKeJ9.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia says they belong to the family &lt;em&gt;Tettigoniidae (Настоящие кузнечики)&lt;/em&gt; which belongs to suborder &lt;em&gt;Ensifera&lt;/em&gt;, order &lt;em&gt;Orthoptera&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1FB24.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1FB24.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Grasshoppers&lt;/strong&gt; is an &lt;strong&gt;informal group&lt;/strong&gt; of insects of the suborder &lt;em&gt;Caelifera (Короткоусые прямокрылые)&lt;/em&gt; in the same order &lt;em&gt;Orthoptera (Прямокрылые)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To a Russian person without zoological background all these insects would perfectly qualify as &lt;strong&gt;кузнечики.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="7547" LastEditDate="2018-12-15T14:10:03.227" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T14:10:03.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17698" CreationDate="2018-12-14T15:01:13.853" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that most urban residents do not distinguish &lt;strong&gt;кузнечика&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;сверчка&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;цикаду&lt;/strong&gt;. Except that &lt;strong&gt;саранча&lt;/strong&gt; can be separately noted, because it is much larger. Therefore, I think that even if you make a mistake in the choice of a word, almost no one will notice.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;As for me personally, on the territory of the exUSSR I most often meet &lt;strong&gt;grasshoppers&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2018-12-14T15:01:13.853" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17693" CreationDate="2018-12-14T18:59:36.563" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я мог бы покляться&quot; appears in many &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.uk/search?tbm=bks&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;q=%22%D1%8F%20%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%20%D0%B1%D1%8B%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F%22&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;translations of English books&lt;/a&gt;. However, it sounds bookish and not quite idiomatic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me turn the tables around a bit and ask: why does English use the conditional mood in &quot;I could've sworn&quot;? Is it to say &quot;I could have sworn but I didn't because I knew I was wrong?&quot; Probably not. The use of conditional makes the language milder e.g. &quot;Could you help me?&quot; vs &quot;Can you help me?&quot;, &quot;I would think&quot; vs &quot;I think&quot;, &quot;I would like&quot; vs &quot;I want&quot;, etc. So what you are really saying is &quot;I swear&quot;, just using more &quot;polite&quot; language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar use of conditional exists in Russian: &quot;Не мог бы ты помочь мне?&quot; vs &quot;Ты не поможешь мне?&quot;, &quot;Я бы так не думал&quot; vs &quot;Я так не думаю&quot;, &quot;Шёл бы ты ...&quot; vs &quot;Иди ты ...&quot; but, as I said, it sounds bookish and &quot;overly polite&quot; which is why when combined with the common insult &quot;Иди ты&quot;, it creates a comical effect (well, used to; now the effect has nearly worn off, leaving the two almost identical).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What &quot;I could've sworn&quot; is, it is largely an attempt to rationalize one's surprise reaction (&quot;I was sure until now that...&quot;) and there are countless ways you can do that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Странно! Я был полностью уверен, что ...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Удивительно! Куда она могла подеваться?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Опаньки! А я-то думал, что ...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or how Mr. &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vjZJDwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT756&amp;amp;lpg=PT756&amp;amp;dq=%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=30B9TJ3Ac3&amp;amp;sig=wFZn5IiC6aC3iKhGNH0oqMuTULo&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwi5uvSS_Z_fAhXRRhUIHVlZCogQ6AEwBHoECAQQAQ#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Скуперфильд&lt;/a&gt; would put it, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Провалиться мне на этом самом месте!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-12-14T18:59:36.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17704" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17705" CreationDate="2018-12-15T18:21:55.293" Score="2" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А &lt;strong&gt;кто&lt;/strong&gt; пачкается за столом, &lt;strong&gt;у того&lt;/strong&gt; и душа запятнана.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just heard this, and given the context, I assume that the combination of &quot;кто ..., у того ...&quot; means &quot;those who ...&quot;. I wonder if this is a variant of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Тот&lt;/strong&gt;, кто X, Y&quot; and &quot;у того&quot; is added to the second clause since the idea expressed by &quot;душа&quot; requires &quot;у + кого-либо&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it possible to paraphrase this sentence without using &quot;у &lt;strong&gt;того&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;? Or do you need to use the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;тот&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; accordingly, whatever its declension, in combination with &quot;кто&quot;? For instance, can I say something like this? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кто&lt;/strong&gt; ведет себя как избалованный ребенок, &lt;strong&gt;с тем&lt;/strong&gt;  хоть в чем-нибудь соглашаться нельзя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-12-15T18:33:16.880" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T11:46:01.747" Title="Usage of the structure &quot;кто ..., у того ...&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17704" CreationDate="2018-12-15T18:58:03.963" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a spoken version of a construction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;А у того, кто&lt;/strong&gt; пачкается за столом, и душа запятнана.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This more literary form doesn't come very easy in the flow of conversation being somewhat counterintuitive, since the main clause gets interjected with the subordinate one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed this is the same &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;тот, кто...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in oblique case and &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;у + Genitive&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is definitely required since it implies possessing of the soul. In Russian possession of inherent inalienable personal qualities is expressed through &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;у + (pro)noun in Genitive&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;She has&lt;/strong&gt; green eyes = Her eyes are green - &lt;strong&gt;У неё&lt;/strong&gt; зелёные глаза&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't dispense with &lt;strong&gt;тот&lt;/strong&gt; in the relevant grammatical case unless you just replace it with a noun &lt;strong&gt;у человека&lt;/strong&gt; for example or &lt;strong&gt;у людей&lt;/strong&gt;, however these nouns entail replacement of &lt;strong&gt;кто&lt;/strong&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;который/ые&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your own sentence syntactically is perfectly correct for the spoken language. The only thing is that &lt;strong&gt;хоть в чём-нибудь&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't sound idiomatic and needs to be replaced with &lt;strong&gt;ни в чём&lt;/strong&gt;. So in a more literary rendering it should be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;С тем, кто&lt;/strong&gt; ведет себя как избалованный ребенок, &lt;strong&gt;ни в чём&lt;/strong&gt; соглашаться нельзя&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-16T11:46:01.747" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T11:46:01.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17694" CreationDate="2018-12-15T21:33:39.077" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Первый вариант - с использованием &quot;как&quot; - звучит правильнее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И да, действительно, вариант со словом &quot;что&quot; звучит, будто бы вы слышали это от другого человека. К тому же, повтор &quot;что&quot; в одном предложении не очень корректен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11318" LastEditorUserId="4481" LastEditDate="2018-12-19T23:47:07.403" LastActivityDate="2018-12-19T23:47:07.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17689" CreationDate="2018-12-15T21:38:19.517" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Можно использовать несколько разных переводов, которые по смыслу ничем не отличаются.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Тебе повезло, что тебя здесь нет.&#xA;2) Твоё счастье, что ты не тут.&#xA;3) Везёт же тебе, что ты сейчас не здесь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И многие другие варианты. Русский язык гораздо многограннее, чем английский.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11318" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T21:38:19.517" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17677" CreationDate="2018-12-15T21:45:48.520" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Даться -- разговорный и просторечный вариант слова &quot;понадобиться&quot;. &quot;Далось тебе это?&quot; - Зачем тебе это понадобилось? Не нужно тебе это!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11318" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T21:45:48.520" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17584" CreationDate="2018-12-15T21:50:36.420" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нейтральные синонимы - транс, гей, голубок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Негативные - пидор, петух, опущенный, педераст, пидарас, гомосек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Формально - трансвестит-гомосексуал, трансвестит-гей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11318" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T21:50:36.420" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17679" CreationDate="2018-12-15T22:11:29.113" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would humbly suggest &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Где жизнь того стоит&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main focus is on &quot;life&quot; followed by an assertion that the quality of it is high enough. Obviously &quot;the quality of life&quot; here is very subjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11019" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T22:11:29.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17659" CreationDate="2018-12-15T22:16:43.453" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Неважно, какое положение занимаешь в обществе - в этом случае &quot;неважно&quot; пишется ВСЕГДА слитно. Последний вариант с раздельным правописанием неверный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако если будет идти конструкция &quot;ничуть не важно&quot;, &quot;совсем не важно&quot;, &quot;отнюдь не важно&quot;, то здесь пишется раздельно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11318" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T22:16:43.453" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17714" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17689" CreationDate="2018-12-15T22:17:01.850" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say a more probable option would be &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Радуйся, что ты не здесь&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's quite common to hear constructs like that starting from &quot;радуйся, ...&quot;. The meaning literally is &quot;you should feel joy because...&quot;, essentially exactly what you are asking &quot;you are lucky, that ...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11019" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T22:17:01.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17698" CreationDate="2018-12-15T22:24:42.807" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To be honest I'd say most Russian speakers would call those &quot;кузнечик&quot;, with some (being more familiar maybe with nature) - &quot;сверчок&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11019" LastActivityDate="2018-12-15T22:24:42.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17629" CreationDate="2018-12-16T00:42:25.767" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only useful form in spoken language is direct movie citation: &quot;тренеруйся на кошках&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source is this movie, this episode: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s9aJqeeNVBQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s9aJqeeNVBQ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When this phrase could have a meaning &quot;to train on a dummy&quot; in real life dialog it is always a joke and  almost never used for something else then friendly bulling: &quot;you have no skill, find other fool :P&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also to hear it you should directly trigger word &quot;тренироваться&quot;: &quot;я тренирую..&quot;, &quot;я собираюсь тренивать..&quot; .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. playing chess with a friend, if you would comment you first moves: &quot;this time I'm going train my King's Gambit&quot; you would get back &quot;тренируйся (лучше) на кошках&quot; probably nine times out of ten.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4850" LastEditorUserId="4850" LastEditDate="2018-12-16T01:20:23.483" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T01:20:23.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17717" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17719" CreationDate="2018-12-16T04:43:16.297" Score="2" ViewCount="83" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хоть это приказ, хоть нет, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; люди не настолько глупы, чтобы отправиться туда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of &quot;Интересно, (&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;) зачем ...&quot;, for instance, it is easy to interpret the optional &quot;а&quot; as &quot;but&quot;. However, I occasionally come across an instance like this where the first word/phrase is followed by the apparently &lt;strong&gt;optional&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;а&quot; that does not seem to translate well into English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another similar example is &quot;Ну, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; ...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether to include &quot;а&quot; or not -- I wonder if it comes down to stylistic preference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хоть это приказ, хоть нет, люди не настолько глупы, чтобы отправиться туда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-12-16T05:26:54.570" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T14:27:36.617" Title="What is the function of the apparently optional &quot;а&quot;, as in &quot;хоть ..., хоть нет, а ...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17718" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17724" CreationDate="2018-12-16T05:08:34.927" Score="5" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I wanted to express the idea of &quot;a grain of truth&quot; and said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В том, что он говорит, безусловно, есть доля правды.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I'm wondering if the following could have worked as well? Or can it be misconstrued as some physical object being there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В том, что он говорит – там, безусловно, что-то есть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T16:44:26.953" Title="Russian equivalents of &quot;a grain of truth&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17717" CreationDate="2018-12-16T08:07:18.037" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in this sentence can be dispensed with. I believe it's added almost kind of subconsciously to contrast the preceding negation &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;хоть нет&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, but logically it's not required. It can be replaced with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;но&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which is also optional. These may be regarded as flourishes, make the speech a bit less stiff and dry, add a tad of passion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the expression &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;ну, а...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is absolutely required because it marks contradiction or alternative to someone else's statement. In this case it's &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;ну&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which is logically dispensable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-16T08:22:14.267" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T08:22:14.267" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17718" CreationDate="2018-12-16T08:41:52.140" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В этом что-то есть&lt;/strong&gt; is used in this meaning. But in your sentence it should be used without &lt;strong&gt;там&lt;/strong&gt;. It is rather colloquial and may sound less certain, as noted above. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &lt;strong&gt;в этом&lt;/strong&gt; (ваших словах, твоей идее) &lt;strong&gt;есть зерно здравого смысла&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;доля истины&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;здравый смысл&lt;/strong&gt; (common sence). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T08:41:52.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17717" CreationDate="2018-12-16T08:51:16.937" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;A&quot; in the beginning of a sentence or an independent clause (like in your question) is used to introduce shift of thought to another thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example you first express the thought that it doesn't matter if it is order or not. Then you move on and say people won't go. These two clauses a actually independent, thus you insert &quot;а&quot; to soften the transition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mind that in pure conditional sentence &quot;а&quot; doesn't fit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Если даже это приказ, люди не настолько глупы...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9001" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T08:51:16.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17717" CreationDate="2018-12-16T09:40:15.873" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It also similar to &lt;strong&gt;but&lt;/strong&gt; here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хоть это приказ, хоть нет, а люди не глупы. - Regardless if it is an order&#xA;  or not, but the people are not silly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;but&lt;/strong&gt; can be omitted without influencing the meaning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-16T11:56:12.657" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T11:56:12.657" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17717" CreationDate="2018-12-16T14:21:18.090" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Honestly, the best way to deal with &quot;а&quot; in a crude way, is to think of it as meaning —&quot;and here's another bit of information, and as for this, as for this next thing ...&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ты умеешь плавать, а я нет.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You know how to swim and I don't. = &lt;strong&gt;(and as for me, and regarding this other piece of information, here is the reality.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Хоть это приказ, хоть нет, а люди не настолько глупы, чтобы отправиться туда.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether it's and order or not, people are not so stupid as to head there. = &lt;strong&gt;(and as for the people, here's some extra info about the people ...)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Интересно, (а) зачем —&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's interesting &lt;strong&gt;(but as for the why of it, here's something more I will ask you about, ... why ...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;а&quot;—started it's life in he Russian language as a sound, and then became a question marker, and finally was used to mark contrast. ( see here for origins— &lt;a href=&quot;https://etymological.academic.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://etymological.academic.ru&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At its core &quot;а&quot; is just a sound that marks additional information—here's something more in relation to what has been said, here's another question in relation to what we were talking about. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4714" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2018-12-16T14:27:36.617" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T14:27:36.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17718" CreationDate="2018-12-16T16:44:26.953" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As previos commentors said, &quot;В этом что-то есть&quot; is not quite what you want, and rather means &quot;I like something about it&quot; or even &quot;it does make sense&quot;.&#xA;Your first sentence fits perfectly, also you can use proposed options or even the collocation &quot;зерно истины&quot; wich is also pretty common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11320" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T16:44:26.953" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17725" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-16T17:14:11.587" Score="5" ViewCount="340" Body="&lt;p&gt;я, ю, е letters are pairs for а, у, э, and, мае should be read maje, and майе should be read majje, like it happens with мая and майя - maja and majja.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I, personally, think that э is a different vowel than е in modern Russian, unlike vowels in я-а, ю-у pairs, ie I think мяч and мач have same а, but only different м, but in case of мер and мэр I think the vowels are different. I do not know how old is this situation, but according to general logic that appear, е is just the match for э like я is for а, seems it was so historically. I do not ask about this, this is just to show the problem. I, personally, used to wrongly think that айе should be read aje just like ае, because I thought that е generally behaves differently from я and ю... For example, I thought, it does not change the m in меч, does not palatalize it, like it happens in мяч, so I thought, е has initial j only in beginning of word, so, I thought, е's behaviour after й is just like after any other consonant, while я after й should use its initial j and make a double j.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some letter sequences here are not meaningful words, they are just examples, the question is about how letter sequence should be read.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question is to get a proof to fix a wiktionary function/table, (I do not know what is it and how named), for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/User_talk:Benwing2#reading_of_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5_etc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/User_talk:Benwing2#reading_of_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5_etc&lt;/a&gt; , for table in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8F&lt;/a&gt; and other similar words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adding on December 18:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some answers are about what happens in real speech. I think there is some current canonical Russian writing system, where should be a simple general rule, reading (pronouncing) according to which is not incorrect, it is correct, acceptable because it is canonical, generally it maybe a little archaic, not like people really speak, but ok. For example, pronouncing &quot;gripəm&quot; (or maybe there should be other thing instead of ə, i am not sure, it is not important for this question) maybe what is used by more people and more often, but if somebody says &quot;grippəm&quot; or &quot;grippom&quot; it is not incorrect, because it is somewhat canonical. I think using such canonical version would be more correct to use in a table in Wiktionary. I asked about such &quot;canonical Russian writing system&quot;, not about current etymological/phonetical processes / phases of processes / changes &quot;in the wild&quot; (sound shifts etc). Also some little known pronouncing rules maybe not known, not noticed by some people, and may be pronounced by them without that rule, as it is written, or there maybe dialectal differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adding on January 10, 2019:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should &quot;йе&quot; after vowel be pronounced [jje]? Should [jje] after vowel be written &quot;йе&quot; or &quot;ййэ&quot; or &quot;ййе&quot;? Should [je] after vowel be written &quot;е&quot; or &quot;йэ&quot; or &quot;йе&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11082" LastEditorUserId="11082" LastEditDate="2019-01-10T15:51:47.817" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T22:37:24.470" Title="Should &quot;йе&quot; after vowel be pronounced [jje]?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;буквы&gt;&lt;фонология&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="13" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17725" CreationDate="2018-12-16T17:38:33.833" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;For &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;code&gt;майя&lt;/code&gt; there's such difference, it's supposed to be pronounced like &lt;code&gt;май-йа&lt;/code&gt;. However, for instance, de-facto this quite exotic letter combination is pronounced just like &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt;. For verifying both of the claims you can search youtube for &lt;code&gt;Майя Плисецкая&lt;/code&gt; (like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkJ21e3Qt5c&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;) and &lt;code&gt;Айя-София&lt;/code&gt; (like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpkK4IZRrOE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Йе&lt;/code&gt; is actually pronounced just like &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; ([je]) - so Том Сойер would have been pronounced identically has it have been spelled &lt;code&gt;Том Соер&lt;/code&gt; - this spelling does not exist for historical reasons just like we spell &lt;code&gt;йогурт&lt;/code&gt;, not &lt;code&gt;ёгурт&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking gemination is not something very typical for Russian - however it do &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemination#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;exist to some extent&lt;/a&gt; - but specifically about &lt;code&gt;йй&lt;/code&gt; one can claim it's virtually non-existent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-12-16T18:14:18.590" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T18:14:18.590" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17725" CreationDate="2018-12-16T19:21:34.297" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not quite clear what all the paragraph about what you thought on Е and Э is aimed at. If we decided to write &lt;strong&gt;айэ&lt;/strong&gt;, it would sound just like &lt;strong&gt;ае&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;в мае&lt;/strong&gt;. Unless we would like to make an extra effort to show this unusual combination in speech. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is impossible to soften й. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The letters &lt;strong&gt;я, ю, ё, е&lt;/strong&gt; do sound as &lt;strong&gt;йа, йу, йо, йэ&lt;/strong&gt; in the alphabet, and also after vowels, ь, ъ and й. In the latter case the sound й is reduplicated, but any consonant reduplication is partially reduced (say, to 1 1/2), so it can still sound as 1 &lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt; in fluent speech. But when we pronounce it distinctly we do have something like &lt;strong&gt;йй&lt;/strong&gt; there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The declension of the word &lt;strong&gt;майя&lt;/strong&gt; on the second link is weird. You can decline only &lt;strong&gt;Майя&lt;/strong&gt; as a name, but it requires a capital letter. Besides, why is there no Genitive in plural? The word &lt;strong&gt;майя&lt;/strong&gt; meaning the Maya people is indeclinable in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-12-16T20:35:57.383" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T20:35:57.383" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17728" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17732" CreationDate="2018-12-16T20:40:11.437" Score="2" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;I checked a few dictionaries and realized that the verb &lt;strong&gt;гнать&lt;/strong&gt; means, in general:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;to make something move; to drive sth./sb. out of somewhere (as a transitive verb)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;to run fast by vehicle: &lt;code&gt;гнать на машине&lt;/code&gt;(as an intransitive verb)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, if I remember correctly, once I heard the sentence &lt;code&gt;&quot;гонит кровь по жилам&quot;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find this meaning on any dictionary, but can &lt;strong&gt;гнать&lt;/strong&gt; work as a synonym to &lt;strong&gt;течь&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-12-17T10:22:36.100" LastActivityDate="2018-12-17T10:22:36.100" Title="Meanings of &quot;гнать&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17728" CreationDate="2018-12-16T21:04:26.340" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, &lt;strong&gt;сердце гонит кровь по жилам&lt;/strong&gt; - it's the first meaning listed. A heart makes blood move away from it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T21:04:26.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17725" CreationDate="2018-12-16T22:04:32.507" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Gemination is a bit fuzzy in Russian: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Words such as &lt;strong&gt;касса, масса, тонна, ванна, Мекка, поддать, &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=02xgDwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA149&amp;amp;lpg=PA149&amp;amp;dq=%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=t2TOT5If94&amp;amp;sig=Y09tLFqQoTpszXUz-bCW_PQUubI&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwiYmOeluK7fAhVYVRUIHbTlClUQ6AEwAXoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Приенисейе&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; [йй] have 'true doubles': saying them with a single consonant can hinder understanding. Minimal pairs: &lt;strong&gt;подать - поддать, подождём - под дождём,&lt;/strong&gt; (нет) &lt;strong&gt;тона - тонна, при Енисее - Приенисейе.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Then there are 'false doubles' which are normally pronounced as singles: &lt;strong&gt;аппарат, аккуратный, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81#Pronunciation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;теннис&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; (болеть) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;гриппом&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Saying them with a double consonant would sound inappropriate in normal speech but could be used e.g. to explain how the word is spelled.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The rest of the words occupy a middle ground whereby they can be pronounced with either single or double consonants or anywhere in between without sounding odd or erroneous. These include: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9#Pronunciation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;русский&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;рассказ&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;зажаренный&lt;/a&gt;, Майя, майя, Айя-София and many others. Actual pronunciation may depend on the speaker or the meaning (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Майя&lt;/a&gt; vs &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8F#Pronunciation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;майя&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;длина&lt;/strong&gt; is a very peculiar case as it is sometimes erroneously pronounced with a double [нн].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your December 18 update (&quot;if somebody says &quot;grippəm&quot; or &quot;grippom&quot; it is not incorrect, because it is somewhat canonical&quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я заболел гри&lt;strong&gt;пп&lt;/strong&gt;ом.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я пошел играть в те&lt;strong&gt;нн&lt;/strong&gt;ис.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;А&lt;strong&gt;пп&lt;/strong&gt;арат вызываемого абонента недоступен.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you say these sentences with 'proper' doubles, people would think you are imitating an Estonian accent or trying to spell the words out. It would sound improper and incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-01-03T04:54:23.847" LastActivityDate="2019-01-03T04:54:23.847" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17731" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17728" CreationDate="2018-12-16T22:24:36.373" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not an answer, but &lt;strong&gt;гнать&lt;/strong&gt; can also mean to lie or to exaggerate. :) For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A: Иду я вчера по Ленинскому проспекту и тут приземляются марсиане.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;B: Да чо ты гонишь!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's very colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11270" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-16T22:24:36.373" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17728" CreationDate="2018-12-17T01:19:21.637" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say it's more of &lt;strong&gt;push&lt;/strong&gt;, than just neutral &lt;strong&gt;move&lt;/strong&gt; as there is a notion of somewhat forced action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One potentially can translate &quot;сердце гонит кровь по жилам&quot; as &quot;heart pushes blood through the veins&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11019" LastActivityDate="2018-12-17T01:19:21.637" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17596" CreationDate="2018-12-17T01:50:23.930" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The accepted answer is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;страшная(ый) женщина/ребенок&quot; and &quot;страшный(ая) мужчина/человек/собака&quot; are different colored expressions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Used with &quot;man&quot; it describes the personality, used with &quot;woman&quot; or &quot;child&quot; it describes only appearance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also transitional cases like &quot;страшная баба&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And all can be changed by context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is logic in this scale: &quot;the object&quot; set danger limits for you. And if there is no real danger - e.g. in case of child - that means &quot;страшный&quot; is only about appearance. If there is a real danger for you - &quot;is she/he ugly&quot; - is not interesting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Она страшная женщина&quot; - if you are talking about your professor, and we know that you depend on her, turns this phrase to &quot;she is terrible/dangerous person&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4850" LastEditorUserId="4850" LastEditDate="2018-12-17T02:19:44.193" LastActivityDate="2018-12-17T02:19:44.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17734" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-17T13:53:35.293" Score="3" ViewCount="79" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Если бы&lt;/strong&gt; и в жизни было так.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вот бы&lt;/strong&gt; и в жизни было так.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вот если бы&lt;/strong&gt; и в жизни было так.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I tend to use whichever comes to mind first, but I'm wondering how they are nuanced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T05:46:45.370" Title="Nuances of meaning between &quot;Если бы&quot;, &quot;Вот бы&quot;, and &quot;Вот если бы&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17734" CreationDate="2018-12-17T14:23:27.107" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вот бы&lt;/strong&gt; = &lt;em&gt;хорошо бы&lt;/em&gt; (expressing a desire lazily, without much hope):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот бы сейчас пива холодного.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Если бы&lt;/strong&gt; typically introduces an &lt;em&gt;unreal&lt;/em&gt; condition (your example is an incomplete sentence):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если бы и в жизни было так, все люди были бы счастливы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вот если бы&lt;/strong&gt;: the &lt;em&gt;вот&lt;/em&gt; element introduces an &lt;em&gt;exceptional&lt;/em&gt; condition for something to be true (the whole expression demonstrates eagerness to agree with an opponent about an unlikely situation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот если добавить в этот гамбургер черной икры, он станет вполне&#xA;  съедобным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-12-17T14:31:05.277" LastActivityDate="2018-12-17T14:31:05.277" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17736" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17738" CreationDate="2018-12-17T14:50:34.750" Score="4" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чтобы ты &lt;strong&gt;управляла&lt;/strong&gt; лодкой? Еще чего! Ты еще не в силах &lt;strong&gt;справиться&lt;/strong&gt; с ней в одиночку!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking back on it, I guess I picked the perfective &quot;справиться&quot;, thinking that steering a boat (&lt;strong&gt;even once&lt;/strong&gt;) was beyond her. But given that I used  the imperfective &quot;управлять&quot;, I wonder if  the imperfective &quot;справляться&quot; might have been a better fit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then again, &quot;управлять&quot; doesn't have its perfective counterpart to begin with, I suppose. So it might not affect the choice of &quot;справиться&quot; vs &quot;справляться&quot;. I haven't learnt Russian grammar methodically, so I might be missing out on some ground rules for verb aspects that I'm not aware of here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-12-17T14:57:55.390" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T11:59:53.587" Title="Whether to use the perfective &quot;справиться&quot; or the imperfective &quot;справляться&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17737" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-17T15:34:42.350" Score="6" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; ты управляла лодкой? Еще чего! Ты еще не в силах справиться с ней в одиночку!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I sometimes use an incomplete &quot;чтобы&quot; subordinate clause like this to express an element of surprise -- as  an equivalent of &quot;To think that ... !&quot; or something along those lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I'm wondering how far it can go with its &lt;em&gt;incompleteness&lt;/em&gt;. Is it common to drop even a verb,  with the aid of an ellipsis? Is virtually any wording possible, as long as there is an ellipsis?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я знал, что он честолюбец, но &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; настолько...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, how (else) do native speakers use these incomplete &quot;чтобы&quot; clauses?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-12-17T17:15:41.280" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T02:54:55.307" Title="How to use an incomplete &quot;чтобы&quot; subordinate clause" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17736" CreationDate="2018-12-17T15:38:54.763" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, your choice of words is absolutely correct. Here &lt;strong&gt;не в силах справЛЯться&lt;/strong&gt; would not be idiomatic. The perfective might stem from the notion that normally you overcome or tame something once without doing it repeatedly or during a lengthy period.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alexander's example in the comment shows that imperfective aspect is in principle not entirely invalid, however the conditions it's used under differ from those present in your sentence. Namely unlike in his example your sentence contains the adverb &lt;strong&gt;ещё&lt;/strong&gt; and direct object &lt;em&gt;in singular&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still in Google the odds of perfective aspect in the phrase &lt;strong&gt;не в силах справляться/справиться&amp;nbsp;с&lt;/strong&gt; are over 20 times lower. And a fair amount of phrases using &lt;em&gt;imperfective&lt;/em&gt; aspect have &lt;em&gt;direct object in plural&lt;/em&gt;. That means that with multiple objects the action is likely to be understood as being performed multiple times over a period of time as the necessity arises, hence imperfective aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think the aspects of the two verbs &lt;strong&gt;управляла&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;справиться&lt;/strong&gt; should necessarily agree with one another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imperfective would be correct had you used the verb &lt;strong&gt;управляться&lt;/strong&gt; instead. This verb implies repeated efforts. Its perfective counterpart &lt;strong&gt;управиться&lt;/strong&gt; means to finish the task and therefore would not fit here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-18T11:59:53.587" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T11:59:53.587" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17739" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-17T18:50:32.560" Score="1" ViewCount="77" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the context of binary numbers, what would be the English translation of &quot;Модифицированный дополнительный код&quot;? What the &quot;Модифицированный дополнительный код&quot; representation of a binary number? Google translate tells me that it means &quot;Modified Additional Code&quot;, but I am not sure what it is. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, what about the expression &quot;Модифицированный обратный код&quot;. Again, Google translate tells me that it means &quot;Modified Reverse Code&quot;, but I still don't get what would this be. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10756" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T06:26:36.583" Title="What would be the English translation of &quot;Модифицированный дополнительный код&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2018-12-17T22:14:47.927" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17740" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17737" CreationDate="2018-12-17T18:55:59.033" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, in colloquial speech, almost everything can be dropped from the sentence (assuming there is a context that can fill in the meaning).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Чтобы ты? Управляла лодкой? Еще чего!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you do have to use at least one word as a focal point to express the surprise (&quot;настолько&quot;, &quot;ты&quot; etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-12-17T18:55:59.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17741" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-17T19:33:17.190" Score="3" ViewCount="80" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она больше не знает, что к чему, &lt;strong&gt;а ведь&lt;/strong&gt; ей почти  всегда это было понятно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering when it is preferable to use &amp;quot;а ведь&amp;quot; to show contrast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она больше не знает, что к чему, &lt;strong&gt;хотя&lt;/strong&gt; ей почти  всегда это было понятно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она больше не знает, что к чему, &lt;strong&gt;хоть&lt;/strong&gt; ей почти  всегда это было понятно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-17T20:26:58.643" Title="When to use &quot;а ведь&quot;, as opposed to &quot;хотя/хоть&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17741" CreationDate="2018-12-17T20:16:49.163" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;А ведь&lt;/em&gt; conveys the larger degree of emotional involvement in the contrast between the main clause and the concessive clause:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она больше не знает, что к чему, хотя ей почти всегда это было понятно. // She used to understand how the things work, and now she doesn't anymore&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она больше не знает, что к чему, а ведь ей почти всегда это было понятно. // She doesn't understand how the things work anymore, and I'm somehow emotional about that because she used to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When people are talking about emotionally charged subjects, they're more likely to use &lt;em&gt;а ведь&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он умирает от рака, а ведь он такой молодой! // (This is unfair!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он умирает от рака, хотя он такой молодой. // (This is a plain statement of facts)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When people are talking about neutral subjects, they're more likely to use &lt;em&gt;хотя&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алюминий стоит довольно дорого, хотя это один из самых распространённых элементов в земной коре // (This is something you would see in a textbook)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Алюминий стоит довольно дорого, а ведь это один из самых распространённых элементов в земной коре // (This is something the author cares about for some reason and they want to show how emotional are they about this)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-17T20:26:58.643" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17743" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17739" CreationDate="2018-12-17T21:43:29.980" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we are talking about calculations, then &amp;lt;&amp;lt;Дополнительный код&gt;&gt; is “two’s complement”, &amp;lt;&amp;lt;Обратный код&gt;&gt; is “ones' complement”. To understand what “modified” means, I need to see the context.&#xA;Less likely, but it may be a telegraph code (eg. modified Baudot code or &amp;lt;&amp;lt;МТК-2&gt;&gt;; see &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%A2%D0%9A-2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%A2%D0%9A-2&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10446" LastEditorUserId="10446" LastEditDate="2018-12-18T06:26:36.583" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T06:26:36.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17744" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17746" CreationDate="2018-12-18T03:41:43.227" Score="1" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;While studying 'imperfective verbal adverbs' (IVA), I came across another construction for saying, '+ing'. Which is.... better?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;читающий книгу&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;читающий &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;работающий&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ужинающий&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or using preposition 'за' +instrumental case;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;за книгой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;за чтением&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;за работой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;за ужином&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm aware that the IVA can replace 'который' constructions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I get a sense that the 'during' meaning of 'за' may be slightly different in meaning with the IVA meaning of '-ing' verbs. Or not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, having just discovered words like чтение, слушание, мышление, etc... (Are there many?) it seems the IVA construction may not be too common....?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the latter being able to be applied on nouns and the former being applied to imperfective verbs, maybe the overlap is not as large as it may seem?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference in passive/active? Etc?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="6545" LastEditDate="2019-04-18T15:51:24.880" LastActivityDate="2019-04-18T15:51:24.880" Title="Choosing between &quot;за&quot; + instr. noun and imperfective verbal adverbs" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17734" CreationDate="2018-12-18T05:46:45.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Если бы и в жизни было так.&lt;/em&gt; - expresses observation on a condtion which in real life is usually not true (e.g. something happens in a movie, you know it's not possible in real life, hence this comment - If only this could happen in real life, etc....) - sounds more like an observation or comment with doubt. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вот бы и в жизни было так&lt;/em&gt; - expresses the DESIRE that this could happen in real life, but the implication is again that in fact it's not likely to happen, it's just your wish or dream. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вот если бы и в жизни было так.&lt;/em&gt; - basically the same as No.1, but Вот adds more doubt, or makes it sligthly more emphatic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T05:46:45.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17744" CreationDate="2018-12-18T06:17:54.797" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Participles are a more flexible way, they work oftener, I guess a lot depends on style (за + inst. looks more literary), and these two ways are NOT interchangable, sometimes only one of the two is possible. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess it's easier for a learner to think of Russian participle as an adjective - a bit more difficult than a common adjective though (but very often it's about describing a person or thing), e.g. отходящий корабль (a leaving ship) - in such cases за+inst. is not possible. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;за+inst. - is also about describing, but through action, situation, and seems more literary. E.g. Она застала его за книгой (She found him reading, i.e. she found him with a book). I think the emphasis here is on describing the situation, act itself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Easier to think maybe - if you want to describe a person use participle - this situation is often the case in everyday language acts, so maybe participles are used more often. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you encounter more Russian texts and contexts you'll see these are different linguistic situations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T06:17:54.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17747" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17748" CreationDate="2018-12-18T12:21:33.753" Score="4" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ни за что! Мне нужно быть налегке, чтобы, &lt;strong&gt;в случае чего&lt;/strong&gt;, я мог бы быстренько  отправиться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We were talking about how I like travelling light on business trips. I wanted to express the idea of &quot;Should anything happen ... at the drop of a hat&quot; with the phrase &quot;в случае чего&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ни за что! Мне нужно быть налегке, чтобы, &lt;strong&gt;чуть что&lt;/strong&gt;, я мог бы быстренько  отправиться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering how &quot;чуть что&quot; would have stacked up against &quot;в случае чего&quot;. Does &quot;в случае чего&quot; carry a somewhat stronger  negative connotation, hinting at some sort of problem popping up?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-12-18T12:27:11.000" LastActivityDate="2018-12-19T13:00:56.100" Title="How are &quot;в случае чего&quot; and &quot;чуть что&quot; nuanced?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17747" CreationDate="2018-12-18T13:47:28.607" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В случае чего&lt;/em&gt; does have a slight negative connotation indeed. If you don't want it, it would be better to use &lt;em&gt;если что&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В случае чего&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;если что&lt;/em&gt; both mean &amp;quot;should anything happen&amp;quot; (the former implying &amp;quot;anything bad&amp;quot;, although not strictly so).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Если что&lt;/em&gt; can have an additional meaning of &amp;quot;just so you know&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Чуть что&lt;/em&gt; means the same as &lt;em&gt;если что&lt;/em&gt; plus the notion of &amp;quot;at a drop of a hat&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот тебе мой номер, в случае чего — звони // Here's my phone number, call me should anything happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот тебе мой номер, если что — звони // Here's my phone number, call me on any occasion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот тебе мой номер, чуть что — звони // Here's my phone number, should anything happen, call me right away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-18T13:47:28.607" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17750" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17752" CreationDate="2018-12-19T09:58:53.007" Score="2" ViewCount="112" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Страдать&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;морской болезнью&lt;/strong&gt;? Если уже такая мелочь вызывает в тебе страх, то долго в море ты не протянешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering what nuance &quot;страдать от морской болезни&quot; would have given to my phrasing? In the case of &quot;страдать от любви&quot;, for instance, &quot;страдать любовью&quot; sounds odd to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, when do you use &quot;страдать + instrumental&quot; – or &quot;страдать от + genitive&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-12-22T01:35:49.743" Title="When to use &quot;страдать + instrumental&quot; – or &quot;страдать от + genitive&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17747" CreationDate="2018-12-19T10:42:39.997" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would add that чуть что carries a more immediate meaning and, to my ears at least, suggests more trivial cases under which the action happens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like in the example in the other answer,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В случае чего, звони&#xA;Is like &quot;in case anything happens, call me&quot;, usually implying more serious situations, but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чуть что, звони&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is more like &quot;whatever happens, call me&quot;, no matter how trivial the matter you want to talk about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This isn't strict, but that's the idea I get from both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2018-12-19T10:42:39.997" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17750" CreationDate="2018-12-19T11:04:14.410" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;cтрадать + Instrumental&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;to be affected/afflicted by, to have, to experience&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;страдать + от + Genitive&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;to suffer from&lt;/em&gt; (which means literal suffering, not just as a   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;figure of speech)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also in mundane contexts &lt;strong&gt;вызывать страх&lt;/strong&gt; is usually accompanied by preposition &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;у&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; rather than &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-19T11:46:35.167" LastActivityDate="2018-12-19T11:46:35.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17753" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-19T12:39:43.633" Score="3" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А чего там говорить-то?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А чего там понимать-то?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А о чем тут разговаривать-то?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if these phrasings work and which is a better fit: &amp;quot;там&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;тут&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do native speakers commonly express this idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-01-18T23:01:05.233" Title="Russian equivalents of the rhetorical construction &quot;What is there to talk about / understand?&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17747" CreationDate="2018-12-19T13:00:56.100" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В случае чего&lt;/em&gt; works better in your example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в случае чего&lt;/strong&gt; ~= при необходимости (about actions in case of some &lt;em&gt;predictable&lt;/em&gt; event)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чуть что&lt;/strong&gt; ~= если &lt;em&gt;вдруг&lt;/em&gt; что-то пойдёт не так (about reaction to a &lt;em&gt;slightest&lt;/em&gt; sign of something &lt;em&gt;going wrong&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чуть что я сразу же отменю отправку груза.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чуть что он  сразу бьёт свою собаку тапком.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чуть что он всегда умывал руки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-12-19T13:00:56.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17750" CreationDate="2018-12-19T14:52:57.490" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Страдать + Accusative = to be ill with sth&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Страдать болезнью = болеть&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;страдать морской болезнью  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;страдать малярией (болеть малярией)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;страдать воспалением лёгких (болеть воспалением лёгких)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;figuratively &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;страдать ерундой&lt;/strong&gt; - colloquial (to get busy with trifles, to&#xA;  procrastinate, to do wrong things, to be fooling around)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;also&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наше образование &lt;strong&gt;слишком формально&lt;/strong&gt;. Увы, любая система &lt;strong&gt;этим&#xA;  страдает&lt;/strong&gt;. (&lt;strong&gt;Excessive formality&lt;/strong&gt; is a &lt;strong&gt;drawback&lt;/strong&gt; of any system)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Страдать от + Genitive = to suffer from sth&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;страдать от любви&lt;/strong&gt; (to suffer from love, perhaps, unrequited love) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;страдать от равнодушия людей&lt;/strong&gt; (to suffer from people's indifference) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;страдать от невзгод&lt;/strong&gt; (to suffer from adversity)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also it means to suffer losses or to be damaged. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;От урагана &lt;strong&gt;пострадала&lt;/strong&gt; деревня (the village has suffered from the&#xA;  hurricane, the village was damaged by the hurricane). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-12-19T14:52:57.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17756" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17757" CreationDate="2018-12-19T15:27:59.530" Score="2" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;The colloquial expression &quot;What's the hold-up?&quot; comes in handy when someone is dawdling, testing your patience. In conversation, there are times when I feel the urge to shout its equivalent expression in Russian. Can I say something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сюда! Скорее! Чего ты там возишься?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if the register fits, for one thing. I suppose there is more than one way to express this idea, but what are some commonly used, idiomatic ones?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-12-20T11:50:32.383" Title="Russian equivalents of the colloquial &quot;What's the hold-up?&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17756" CreationDate="2018-12-19T15:35:47.380" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;возишься&lt;/strong&gt; is indeed slightly derogatory and so impolite&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;some neutral equivalents are &lt;strong&gt;За чем дело стало?&lt;/strong&gt; which is somewhat uptight, the simple &lt;strong&gt;Ты чего там (застрял/а)?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Ну ты где (застрял/а)?&lt;/strong&gt; and the slangy &lt;strong&gt;Ну ты чего тормозишь?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-19T15:40:52.343" LastActivityDate="2018-12-19T15:40:52.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17758" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17753" CreationDate="2018-12-19T19:25:03.823" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что тут скажешь?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Здесь разговаривать не о чем.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  С кем там разговаривать?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  О чем с ним говорить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It all depends on the situation. But you are in a way right, там is about a third person situation, and тут is nearer. But тут is more general and can be used anywhere. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-12-19T19:25:03.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17756" CreationDate="2018-12-19T22:48:55.623" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, any equivalents of the phrase &lt;strong&gt;&quot;What's the hold-up&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; are not rhetorical questions, so it is very likely that in response you will hear a long explanation of &lt;em&gt;&quot;what's the hold-up&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if you need acceleration, rather than explanation, it is better to use some imperative form, for example &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Не тормози! Давай скорее!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Не тяни резину, давай быстрее!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2018-12-19T22:48:55.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17753" CreationDate="2018-12-19T22:56:13.147" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Native speakers likely will say &lt;strong&gt;&quot;О чем тут [еще] говорить?&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Что тут еще понимать? [Тут и так всё ясно!]&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2018-12-19T22:56:13.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17762" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17763" CreationDate="2018-12-20T01:50:35.390" Score="3" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference in usage between them, i couldnt find anything online and правда и действительно have the same definitions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="11021" LastEditDate="2018-12-20T02:16:19.580" LastActivityDate="2018-12-20T13:59:47.120" Title="Difference of usage between ‘право, правда, and действительно’?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17762" CreationDate="2018-12-20T02:12:19.130" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Правда&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;&quot;truth&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это правда, что он ее любит?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Is it true he loves her?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Действительно&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;&quot;really&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;actually&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он действительно ее любит?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Does he really love her?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Право&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; in this context is a somewhat outdated word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я право не знаю, любит ли он ее.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I don't really know if he loves her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, I've described only the meaning of each of these words, in which they can be applied in a similar context.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In reality, every word in this list has many other meanings and applications.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2018-12-20T02:19:36.970" LastActivityDate="2018-12-20T02:19:36.970" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17764" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-20T03:42:53.903" Score="4" ViewCount="110" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a two-part question; I hope that's allowable. I'm aware that an unstressed &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; is usually reduced, though there are some exceptions -- specifically in borrowed words, such as &lt;strong&gt;стерео&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;радио&lt;/strong&gt;. All the examples I was able to find, however, had the &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; in question at the end of the word. I'm interested in how it's treated in a pretonic position (i.e. before a stressed syllable). For example, &lt;strong&gt;маоизм&lt;/strong&gt;: Is that [mɐɐˈizm], [mɐoˈizm] or perhaps even [mɐʊˈizm]? How about &lt;strong&gt;Маометто&lt;/strong&gt; (Italian; stress on the penult)? Is it something that is up to each individual speaker to decide, when to pronounce an unstressed &quot;foreign&quot; &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; and when to reduce it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second part of my question is about whether or not there is a glottal stop in between two reduced vowels that produce identical sounds. For example, &lt;strong&gt;сообщить&lt;/strong&gt; is reduced to [sɐɐpˈɕːitʲ]; is there a glottal stop between the two /ɐ/s, or is it essentially just one /ɐ/ sound held longer than a typical /ɐ/?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11332" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-12-24T13:48:18.270" LastActivityDate="2018-12-24T13:48:18.270" Title="Vowel reduction of pretonic [о]" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;&lt;vowel-reduction&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17765" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17764" CreationDate="2018-12-20T08:10:19.643" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;The prestressed &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;o&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is also reduced at least in quite a few foreign words or their grammatical derivatives, e.g. &lt;strong&gt;баобаб&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[bɐ&lt;strong&gt;ɐ&lt;/strong&gt;ˈbap]&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;теология&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[tʲɪ&lt;strong&gt;ɐ&lt;/strong&gt;ˈɫoɡʲɪɪ̯ə]&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;биотопливо&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[ˌbʲi&lt;strong&gt;ɐ&lt;/strong&gt;ˈtoplʲɪvə]&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;реостат&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[rʲɪ&lt;strong&gt;ɐ&lt;/strong&gt;ˈstat]&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;даосизм&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[dɐ&lt;strong&gt;ɐ&lt;/strong&gt;ˈsʲizm]&lt;/a&gt;. In &lt;strong&gt;хаос&lt;/strong&gt; it's not reduced &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[ˈxa&lt;strong&gt;ə&lt;/strong&gt;s]&lt;/a&gt; but in &lt;strong&gt;хаотический&lt;/strong&gt; it is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[xɐ&lt;strong&gt;ɐ&lt;/strong&gt;ˈtʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪɪ̯]&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In &lt;strong&gt;маоизм&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[mɐ&lt;strong&gt;o&lt;/strong&gt;ˈizm]&lt;/a&gt; it's also not reduced and &lt;strong&gt;perhaps because &lt;code&gt;маоизм&lt;/code&gt; has the cluster of 3 vowels unlike most of the listed nouns.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as &lt;strong&gt;радио&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;стерео&lt;/strong&gt; are concerned, the maintenance of full &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;o&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; appears to be based on another principle, because it's maintained also in &lt;strong&gt;адажио&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;арпеджио&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;трио&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;какао&lt;/strong&gt;, and in Italian names such as &lt;strong&gt;Горацио&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Базилио&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Фабио&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Антонио&lt;/strong&gt; as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's nothing to say about &lt;strong&gt;Маометто&lt;/strong&gt; since it's not a current word in Russian vocabulary, but if the principles just suggested are correct, its 1st &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;o&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; would have to be reduced, but the 2nd would remain intact. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Russian doesn't have glottal stops so all vowel clusters are pronounced right on through with full air passage and slight tonal variations or vocal attack between individual phonemes to mark segue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-21T20:04:49.690" LastActivityDate="2018-12-21T20:04:49.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17766" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17756" CreationDate="2018-12-20T11:30:57.720" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since 'hold-up' is quite neutral (meaning 'delay') it seems to me you need more or less neutral register here. My guess is &quot;Что так долго? Почему так долго?&quot;, preferably said so that to sound neutral, not rude. Other emotional expressions wouldn't sound neutral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastEditorUserId="10247" LastEditDate="2018-12-20T11:50:32.383" LastActivityDate="2018-12-20T11:50:32.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17762" CreationDate="2018-12-20T13:59:47.120" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want a short answer and the question means these 3 words in the sense REALLY, here is the answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;действительно - neutral, &#xA;правда - colloquial,&#xA;право - very old-fashioned, hence could be ironic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this is relevant only when they mean REALLY. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правда can be noun = truth, право - legal system, law. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-12-20T13:59:47.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17768" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17769" CreationDate="2018-12-20T17:04:08.167" Score="4" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Здесь не &lt;strong&gt;обошлось&lt;/strong&gt; без помощи то ли специалистов, таких, как он, то ли еще кого-то.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Аs for &lt;strong&gt;who&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;не обошлось&quot;, I was referring to the entire medical personnel in a hospital. So in a sense, I had &lt;strong&gt;particular&lt;/strong&gt; individuals, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;они&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, in mind, but at the same time it is arguably not as distinct and specific as, for instance, &quot;он/она&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I had in mind was something like: &quot;Here at this hospital, they (I was vaguely referring to the entire medical personnel) couldn't have managed/got by without some outside help from an expert in the field&quot;. I happened to use the impersonal construction without the subject &quot;они (обошлись)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if I should have placed the subject &quot;они&quot; with the verb &quot;обойтись&quot; instead of going for an impersonal construction. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-12-21T17:29:12.693" LastActivityDate="2018-12-21T17:29:12.693" Title="With the verb &quot;обойтись&quot;, whether to place a subject or use an impersonal construction?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17768" CreationDate="2018-12-20T20:41:09.553" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не обошлось без кого-либо&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;someone had something to do with&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Росрыболовство уверенно заявило о том, что в этой истории не обошлось без активистов-экологов // Russian Federal Agency for Fishery stated with confidence that the ecology activists had something to do with this incident.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думаю, тут не обошлось без Дзержинского и его конторы. // I think Dzierzynski and &amp;quot;the firm&amp;quot; of his had something to do with that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не обошлось без чего-либо&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;it has not been without something&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не обошлось без потерь и в семье самого Генри Форда. // It has not been without losses in the family of Henry Ford himself either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В Монце в тот день тоже не обошлось без аварий // That day had not been without car accidents in Monza as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you wanted to say that the medical personnel could not make do without someone's help, you should have used &lt;em&gt;было не обойтись&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Им было не обойтись без помощи специалиста, такого, как он, или ещё чьей-нибудь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-20T20:41:09.553" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17768" CreationDate="2018-12-20T20:42:18.333" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want to specify &quot;them&quot; as actors with &quot;обойтись&quot; in past tense, you can use subjunctive mood:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; не обошлись без помощи то ли специалистов, таких, как он, то ли&#xA;  еще кого-то.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or you could use other active constructions, like &lt;em&gt;прибегнуть к помощи&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они прибегнули к помощи то ли специалистов, таких, как он, то ли еще кого-то.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that &quot;обошлось&quot; (in the past tense) tends to be impersonal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1274" LastActivityDate="2018-12-20T20:42:18.333" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17771" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17867" CreationDate="2018-12-21T18:07:18.180" Score="3" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так, сейчас посмотрим... Сегодня мы &lt;strong&gt;успели&lt;/strong&gt; свалиться в пропасть, а затем ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here I'm not talking about &quot;manage to do&quot; in a positive sense (succeed), but rather its ironic use when you have made a blunder. I usually use &quot;умудриться&quot; in conversation, as in &quot;я умудрился простыть&quot;, but I wasn't aware that &quot;успеть&quot; could be used ironically, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What verbs do native speakers commonly use for the &lt;strong&gt;ironic&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;manage(d) to do&quot;? Are some of them better suited for ironic/sarcastic usage than others?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;умудриться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; / &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ухитриться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; /  &quot;&lt;strong&gt;удаться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; /  &quot;&lt;strong&gt;успеть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; /  &quot;&lt;strong&gt;угораздить&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-01-01T12:49:49.483" LastActivityDate="2019-01-01T18:55:25.133" Title="How to express the ironic &quot;managed to do&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17771" CreationDate="2018-12-21T20:05:11.317" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;We can ironically use anything, you know. &#xA;But I like &lt;strong&gt;меня угораздило&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;я умудрилась(-лся)&lt;/strong&gt; most of all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Угораздило меня&lt;/strong&gt; - it's the worst what can happen to you with your scarce participation. It expresses the utmost regret. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я ухитрился&lt;/strong&gt; - it can be either positive or negative  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я умудрился&lt;/strong&gt; - the same as the previous phrase &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне удалось&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Я успел&lt;/strong&gt; are the examples of &lt;em&gt;using anything ironically&lt;/em&gt;, because they are mostly positive or neutral denoting just what they mean, but I like your context and choice of a phrase. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also idioms about the same situations, but I believe it's not the matter of your question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-01-01T18:55:25.133" LastActivityDate="2019-01-01T18:55:25.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17773" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17694" CreationDate="2018-12-22T01:10:13.160" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Be careful with &quot;как&quot;, because even a little stress on or a pause before &quot;как&quot; in &quot;я слышала, как она поблагодарила меня&quot; changes the meaning to &quot;I know that she really does not care&quot;.  To avoid such misunderstandings and tautology (ослышалась-слышала) one could say &quot;Я не ослышалась? Клянусь, она только что поблагодарила меня.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11212" LastActivityDate="2018-12-22T01:10:13.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17750" CreationDate="2018-12-22T01:35:49.743" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is actually fine to &quot;страдать любовью&quot; in poetry:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У ног других не забывал &#xA;    Я взор твоих очей; &#xA;Любя других, я лишь страдал &#xA;    Любовью прежних дней;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in real life more natural is to say &quot;страдать от любви&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11212" LastActivityDate="2018-12-22T01:35:49.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17775" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-22T02:12:24.760" Score="8" ViewCount="705" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need to know the approximate time &lt;strong&gt;учёный&lt;/strong&gt; was substantivised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dahl has no separate entry for the word as either noun &lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt; adjective, but he does use it as a noun when defining other terms (e.g. &lt;em&gt;«учоный, этимъ предметомъ занимающійся»&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian corpus gave me identical-looking timelines for &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%F3%F7%E5%ED%FB%E9&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;all instances&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%F3%F7%E5%ED%FB%E9&amp;amp;gramm1=A&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;adjectival instances&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;strong&gt;ученый&lt;/strong&gt;, and only a slightly different one for &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/plot.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;stat=gr_created_&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%F3%F7%E5%ED%FB%E9&amp;amp;gramm1=S&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=1&amp;amp;lex2=&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;p=20#toggle&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;substantival instances&lt;/a&gt;. I have no idea how reliable these are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Trying to find a direct answer doesn't lead anywhere. I'd be grateful for any pointers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2018-12-22T06:23:08.443" LastActivityDate="2021-04-28T22:01:10.187" Title="Any way to trace when «учёный» became a noun?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17776" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17777" CreationDate="2018-12-22T10:55:36.943" Score="3" ViewCount="74" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, these expressions are correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В двадцатом веке&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В век второй мировой войны&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does the first expression use the prepositional case, whereas the second expression uses the accusative case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5375" LastActivityDate="2018-12-23T19:44:00.083" Title="What is the proper case in &quot;в век(е)&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17776" CreationDate="2018-12-22T11:10:15.373" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;В веке&quot; is for literal period designation, like in &quot;В 15 веке нарождающийся буржуазный класс всё более настойчиво заявлял о своих интересах&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;В век&quot; is figurative, it's not that there's a century we are talking about, it's like &quot;the age&quot;, &quot;в эпоху&quot;, like in &quot;мы живём в век инноваций&quot; which can be translated as &quot;we live in the age of innovations&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now imagine yourself asking a question why age there's &quot;in&quot; in the phrase &quot;in the age of innovations&quot;. Well, it's of because this is how in English specific relations between objects is designated. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And next thing crucial for understanding of what's going on is to realize that there's no such thing like one to one correspondences between languages. Because modern English has no cases some of constructions with same preposition can be translated in some other language (including, by the way, Old English) into two constructions with different cases, two constructions with the same case and different prepositions, two constructions with no prepositions at all etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It something that just should be memoized - when you talk figuratively, it's, &quot;в век&quot; - аnd that's the way it is. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-12-23T19:44:00.083" LastActivityDate="2018-12-23T19:44:00.083" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17778" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-22T12:32:53.277" Score="3" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Некоторых ссор время от времени просто не избежать. &lt;strong&gt;У них у всех&lt;/strong&gt; ведь  нет ничего общего.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nuance-wise, how does the dual-prepositional-style &quot;у них у всех&quot; sound, compared to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;у них всех&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;? More emphatic?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same goes for &quot;у вас у двоих&quot; vs &quot;у вас двоих&quot; or &quot;к ним ко всем&quot; vs &quot;к ним всем&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-12-22T12:46:51.267" LastActivityDate="2018-12-22T16:38:31.063" Title="Usage of &quot;у них у всех&quot; vs &quot;у них всех&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17778" CreationDate="2018-12-22T13:00:44.017" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I never use &lt;strong&gt;у вас у двоих&lt;/strong&gt;, but do use &lt;strong&gt;к ним ко всем&lt;/strong&gt;, the reason could be to avoid difficulty of articulating clusters of consonants &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ни&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;хвс&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ех&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ни&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;мвс&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ем&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, especially the last because both &lt;strong&gt;M&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt; are labials, but the pronunciation of a cluster in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ва&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;сдв&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;оих&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ни&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;хдв&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;оих&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't present any difficulty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Placing preposition before each member of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;adjective + noun&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;на новых на ботинках&lt;/strong&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;possessive pronoun + noun&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;у наших у ворот&lt;/strong&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;indicative pronoun + noun&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;за тем за полем&lt;/strong&gt;) collocations (and even oftener in reverse order of members) is a traditional device of Russian folklore and then poetry whose purpose is most likely to either make verses more melodic by breaking clusters of consonants (as in the case of folklore) or to make them conform to the meter by means of lengthening and syllabic multiplication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Further reading:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/o-povtore-predlogov-pered-odnorodnymi-opredeleniyami-v-sovremennom-russkom-yazyke-opyt-korpusnogo-analiza&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;О ПОВТОРЕ ПРЕДЛОГОВ ПЕРЕД ОДНОРОДНЫМИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯМИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ: ОПЫТ КОРПУСНОГО АНАЛИЗА &lt;em&gt;by Сатюкова Дарья Николаeвна&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-22T16:38:31.063" LastActivityDate="2018-12-22T16:38:31.063" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17780" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-22T14:47:21.257" Score="1" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Даже когда вы расходитесь, я &lt;strong&gt;вся&lt;/strong&gt; целиком за то, чтобы вы общались друг с другом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if &quot;вся&quot;, along with &quot;целиком&quot;, conveys the idea of &quot;100%&quot;? Is this &quot;вся&quot; an adverb?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T10:23:56.580" Title="The meaning of &quot;вся&quot; in &quot;я вся целиком за ...&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17781" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17780" CreationDate="2018-12-22T15:14:21.263" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я вся целиком за&quot; or &quot;Я целиком за&quot; is a kind of collocation which means &quot;I am totally agree&quot;. &quot;вся&quot; separately just means &quot;whole&quot;, e.g. &quot;вся королевская конница&quot;, and &quot;целиком&quot; separately means &quot;totally&quot; or &quot;till the end&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11212" LastActivityDate="2018-12-22T15:14:21.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17782" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-22T15:47:32.697" Score="9" ViewCount="351" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, you say &quot;some ..., while others ...&quot;, when comparing just two groups of people. And when the third group is thrown into the mix, you add &quot;still&quot; or &quot;yet&quot; to &quot;others&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Some&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; people do X, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;others&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; do Y, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;still&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;yet&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;others&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; do Z.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same construction applies to the German equivalent as well:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Manche&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; von uns {Some of us} ..., &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;andere&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; {others} ..., &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;wieder andere&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; {again others} ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a commonly used phrase in Russian for the third group &quot;still others&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-12-23T19:31:36.923" Title="How to express the contrasting &quot;still others&quot;, as in &quot;some people do X, others do Y, still others do Z&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17782" CreationDate="2018-12-22T15:57:42.757" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian you can say &quot;одни&quot;, &quot;другие&quot;, &quot;третьи&quot; and so on for some particular groups and &quot;остальные&quot; for &quot;the rest&quot;. E.g. &quot;одни пьют виски, другие текилу, третьи ром, а остальные - водку&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11212" LastActivityDate="2018-12-22T15:57:42.757" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17782" CreationDate="2018-12-22T18:54:08.947" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think there is a word which would work exactly like English &amp;quot;yet&amp;quot; when used with &lt;em&gt;другие&lt;/em&gt; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually it's conveyed by using &lt;em&gt;кто&lt;/em&gt; with each group, optionally replacing it with &lt;em&gt;а кто и&lt;/em&gt; for the last one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кому поп, кому попадья, а кому и попова дочка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто верит в Магомета, кто — в Аллаха, кто — в Исуса, кто ни во что не верит — даже в чёрта, назло всем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-22T18:54:08.947" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17782" CreationDate="2018-12-22T20:04:17.247" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would personally go with &lt;strong&gt;ещё кто-то&lt;/strong&gt;:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://context.reverso.net/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/%D0%90+%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://context.reverso.net/перевод/русский-английский/А+еще+кто-то&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8679" LastActivityDate="2018-12-22T20:04:17.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17786" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17782" CreationDate="2018-12-22T20:46:37.033" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd just use некоторые multiple times, to be honest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Некоторые из нас пьют виски, некоторые пьют пиво, а некоторые пьют вино.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11042" LastActivityDate="2018-12-22T20:46:37.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17780" CreationDate="2018-12-22T20:56:28.953" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say that it is a kind of some pretty local collocation (maybe, Odessa?) or there is some kind of joke with an erotic implication. But to make it sure we need the context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more common and neutral version of this expression would be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я полностью за  or  Я целиком за &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am all for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-12-26T16:36:48.963" LastActivityDate="2018-12-26T16:36:48.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17780" CreationDate="2018-12-22T22:29:46.143" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was really surprised reading some of this answers and comments because actually neither this is too rare nor it is a regionalism of any sort. The phrase &quot;весь целиком&quot; (аnd &lt;code&gt;вся целиком&lt;/code&gt; is the same in feminine) is quite common. &quot;Весь&quot; is used for emphasizing &lt;code&gt;целиком&lt;/code&gt;, like in phrases (from actual literature):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Апрельский выпуск &quot;Минервы&quot; разошелся &lt;code&gt;весь целиком&lt;/code&gt; до десятого числа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Воскресный день он проводил в полном покое, &lt;code&gt;весь целиком&lt;/code&gt; уходя в чтение книг и газет и в разговоры с детьми.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you've encountered is colloquialism, it's because there exist commonly use phrase &lt;code&gt;согласен целиком [и полностью]&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;весь целиком&lt;/code&gt;. Here are some examples one can google:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Так я &lt;code&gt;весь целиком за&lt;/code&gt;, давай развивать наши отношения, твои родители&#xA;  при чём? (&lt;a href=&quot;https://zadolba.li/20121227&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Согласно молве, народ &lt;code&gt;весь целиком за&lt;/code&gt; Константина. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://lubelia.livejournal.com/1112861.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With &lt;code&gt;против&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Даже если б ты был &lt;code&gt;весь целиком против&lt;/code&gt;, с того что поменяется? (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.peredovaya.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=369985&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Cнял фильм о российской действительности, которая &lt;code&gt;вся целиком против&lt;/code&gt; человека. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://perminfo.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/aaab003ed799f70b8dad88e4c0129265.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-12-27T10:23:56.580" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T10:23:56.580" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17789" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17790" CreationDate="2018-12-23T01:04:53.167" Score="1" ViewCount="52" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was given this sentence:&#xA;Я делаю сюрприз (Im preparing a surprise)&#xA;But i was also given удивление as when you pop out and yell surprise* &#xA;What is the difference of usage between the two, i searched online but there was nothing there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2018-12-23T02:56:00.617" LastActivityDate="2018-12-23T02:56:00.617" Title="Difference between usage of ‘удивление’ и ‘сюрприз’" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17790" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17789" CreationDate="2018-12-23T02:55:21.500" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;These words are completely different and are not interchangeable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сюрприз&lt;/strong&gt; - an unexpected event or piece of information. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Удивление&lt;/strong&gt; - a state of being astonished, a feeling caused by something unexpected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2018-12-23T02:55:21.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17782" CreationDate="2018-12-23T05:54:24.197" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In these Cornell's lyrics from Be Yourself I would translate each &quot;someone&quot; and &quot;another&quot; as &quot;кто-то&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Someone falls to pieces sleeping all alone&#xA;Someone kills the pain&#xA;Spinning in the silence&#xA;She finally drifts away&#xA;Someone gets excited in a chapel yard&#xA;Catches a bouquet&#xA;Another lays a dozen&#xA;White roses on a grave&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Someone finds salvation in everyone, another only pain&#xA;Someone tries to hide himself, down inside himself he prays&#xA;Someone swears his true love until the end of time, another runs away&#xA;Separate or united, healthy or insane&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, in most cases &quot;одни&quot;, &quot;другие&quot; and &quot;a кто-то [ещё]&quot; will work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="10749" LastEditDate="2018-12-23T19:31:36.923" LastActivityDate="2018-12-23T19:31:36.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17792" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-23T08:04:59.723" Score="4" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said this –  and the sentence with &quot;доводилось&quot; sarcastically:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не зря говорят, что японцы трудоголики и все такое, но... он в самом деле заходит слишком далеко. Как-то не &lt;strong&gt;доводилось&lt;/strong&gt; мне встречать человека, в котором было бы столько страсти, что  он вкалывал бы аж на смерть.  Низкий ему поклон.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering how the use of &quot;приходилось&quot; would have stacked up against &quot;доводилось&quot;. Does &quot;приходилось&quot; sound somewhat ambiguous, given its another impersonal usage in the sense of &quot;have to&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как-то не &lt;strong&gt;приходилось&lt;/strong&gt; мне встречать человека, в котором ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-12-23T14:31:35.670" LastActivityDate="2018-12-24T08:19:32.420" Title="How are the impersonal &quot;доводилось&quot; and &quot;приходилось&quot; nuanced?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17792" CreationDate="2018-12-23T10:43:51.220" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the meaning you gave these two words are fully interchangeable. &lt;strong&gt;Доводилось&lt;/strong&gt; seems to be a less frequent synonim, but please, do use it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Приходилось&lt;/strong&gt; has also the meaning of &quot;I had to&quot;, &quot;I was forced/compelled to&quot;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне пришлось вернуться домой за забытыми вещами.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мне приходилось не раз возвращаться домой за вещами, которые мои дети забыли, собираясь в&#xA;  школу.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use &lt;strong&gt;доводилось&lt;/strong&gt; in these sentences as well, but it will imply just the fact that you have the experience of returning home to pick up some belongings. Whereas &lt;strong&gt;приходилось&lt;/strong&gt; also means you were not happy with that. :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in your examples there is no negarive connotation, because they describe a situation in which the speaker was not involved, he or she is just an observer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Насмерть is an adjective, it's one word here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-12-23T12:59:23.170" LastActivityDate="2018-12-23T12:59:23.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17794" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-23T16:05:14.047" Score="2" ViewCount="80" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не берись&lt;/strong&gt; утверждать, что ты действительно знаешь, какая она.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не вздумай&lt;/strong&gt; утверждать, что ты действительно знаешь, какая она.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering how they are nuanced. Is the former about telling them not to start/set about doing something and the latter more about telling them not to even think about / toy with the possibility of  doing something? In short, dissuading &amp;quot;actions&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;thoughts&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I notice that one is perfective and the other imperfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-23T20:56:27.870" Title="&quot;Не берись ...&quot; vs &quot;Не вздумай ...&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17794" CreationDate="2018-12-23T20:56:27.870" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;For starters, the last one is much more colloquial, along the lines of &quot;don't you dare...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first one is &quot;don't claim&quot;, &quot;don't bear the responsibility&quot;, compare to &lt;code&gt;Взялся за гуж, не говори, что не дюж&lt;/code&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://otvet.mail.ru/question/17896145&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;proverb&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last one is &quot;don't you think&quot;, &quot;don't you dare&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the first one is about &quot;I do not recommend you to bear the responsibility of [doing something]&quot;, while the last one is &quot;I advise you not to [do something]&quot; or &quot;if you [do something], you'd deal with me&quot;. Compare to &lt;code&gt;Сейчас морозы! Не вздумай выйти на улицу без шапки!&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastActivityDate="2018-12-23T20:56:27.870" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17792" CreationDate="2018-12-24T08:04:57.067" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Доводилось&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;приходилось&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; are often synonymous, but there is one minor nuance.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Доводилось&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; has a connotation &lt;strong&gt;&quot;had a chance to&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;,  while &lt;strong&gt;&quot;приходилось&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; has the connotation &lt;strong&gt;'had to ...'&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You might say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;доводилось&lt;/strong&gt; бывать на приемах у Королевы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but you wouldn't want to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;приходилось&lt;/strong&gt; бывать на приемах у Королевы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the contrary, you'd rather say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;приходилось&lt;/strong&gt; заниматься скучной, однообразной работой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;than &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне &lt;strong&gt;доводилось&lt;/strong&gt; заниматься скучной, однообразной работой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2018-12-24T08:19:32.420" LastActivityDate="2018-12-24T08:19:32.420" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17798" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-24T14:37:28.617" Score="3" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, you say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It took some (serious) getting used to, but ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... with the word &quot;some&quot; acting like an intensifier. This colloquial structure essentially takes the form of &quot;It took some + gerund, but ...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a commonly used phrasing in Russian to express this idea? Does the following sound idiomatic enough?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привыкнуть к этому мне удалось уж точно не сразу, но ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-12-24T14:42:46.423" LastActivityDate="2018-12-25T09:08:31.477" Title="How to express the idiomatic “It took some getting used to, but ...”?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17799" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17798" CreationDate="2018-12-24T15:14:31.830" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes it is but it's not an accurate equivalent of the English phrase, there seems to be no set expression in Russian.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Based on the English expression i myself would go with&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне пришлось/надо было (постараться) к этому привыкнуть || ... пришлось/надо было к этому привыкать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне пришлось (постараться) приучить себя к этому || ... пришлось&#xA;приучать себя к этому&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне пришлось/надо было приложить усилия, чтобы к этому привыкнуть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Привыкание к этому мне далось непросто/нелегко &lt;em&gt;(a little less colloquial)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imperfective aspect conveys a sense of greater effort. There's also a verb &lt;strong&gt;попривыкнуть&lt;/strong&gt; which could better convey the connotation of the English &lt;strong&gt;some&lt;/strong&gt;, but its imperfective form is unusable in this context&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-24T15:19:37.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17798" CreationDate="2018-12-24T17:37:28.823" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You may use the remarkable adverb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/efremova/240080/%D0%A1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;с непривычки&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, 'due to lack of habit':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;С непривычки было сложно (даже очень!), но ... теперь даже нравится (&lt;em&gt;например&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-12-25T09:08:31.477" LastActivityDate="2018-12-25T09:08:31.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17801" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17803" CreationDate="2018-12-25T12:33:35.033" Score="4" ViewCount="448" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between несколько and сколько and некоторые in this context? For me, as a non Russian native speakers they look as synonym in this context, but I'm not sure about that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Там есть &lt;strong&gt;сколько&lt;/strong&gt; яблоки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Там есть &lt;strong&gt;несколько&lt;/strong&gt; яблоки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Там есть &lt;strong&gt;некоторые&lt;/strong&gt; яблоки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="6907" LastEditDate="2018-12-25T14:27:22.600" LastActivityDate="2018-12-25T14:27:22.600" Title="What's the difference between несколько and сколько and некоторые in this context?" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17802" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17805" CreationDate="2018-12-25T13:23:45.913" Score="3" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть такое предложение: &lt;code&gt;This is known as the agent's running execution context.&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;Но проблема в том чтобы сохранить английские термины в их исходном состоянии. То есть из всего этого предложения нельзя переводить &lt;code&gt;agent&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;running execution context&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И как можно передать в таком случае притяжательный падеж, чтобы читателю было понятно что к чему относится?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11343" LastActivityDate="2018-12-25T14:18:50.910" Title="Как перевести предложение с притяжательным падежом, которое состоит из терминов" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17801" CreationDate="2018-12-25T13:50:52.920" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first and last sentences are grammatically incorrect.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The first sentence should be a question (&lt;strong&gt;&quot;сколько&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; = &quot;&lt;strong&gt;how many&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;/&quot;&lt;strong&gt;how much&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сколько там яблок?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the last sentence, the word &quot;яблоки&quot; must be in the plural, because &quot;некоторые&quot; requires the plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Там есть некоторые яблоки.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But even in this version, this sentence looks clumsy. Native speakers would say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Там есть кое-какие яблоки.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or rather just:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Там есть яблоки.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So only second sentence is fully correct and should be used in this case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Там есть несколько яблок.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2018-12-25T13:50:52.920" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17802" CreationDate="2018-12-25T14:02:23.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если допустимо выделение полужирным шрифтом, я бы оформил это примерно так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это известно как &lt;strong&gt;running execution context&lt;/strong&gt; этого &lt;strong&gt;agent&lt;/strong&gt;'a.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это известно как &lt;strong&gt;agent's running execution context&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если можно использовать только кавычки, то:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это известно как &quot;agent's running execution context&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается притяжательного падежа как такового, то обычно он передается дополнительным местоимением и, при необходимости, окончанием: (&quot;этого &lt;strong&gt;agent&lt;/strong&gt;'a&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2018-12-25T14:09:31.520" LastActivityDate="2018-12-25T14:09:31.520" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17805" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17802" CreationDate="2018-12-25T14:11:42.283" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Притяжательность можно попытаться выразить описательно, а не падежно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он известен как &lt;code&gt;running execution context&lt;/code&gt;, принадлежащий / относящийся к / связанный с / зависящий от / зависимый от / который исполняет / которым управляет &lt;code&gt;agent&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-25T14:18:50.910" LastActivityDate="2018-12-25T14:18:50.910" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17806" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-25T14:55:40.260" Score="5" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Да. Это &lt;strong&gt;была&lt;/strong&gt; именитая компания, щедрая на праздники!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surprised to hear my girlfriend use &quot;была&quot; as if it were a thing of the past, I said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Постой... Почему ты говоришь &lt;strong&gt;в прошедшем времени&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, this is where I would have gone with something as concise as &quot;Wait...'&lt;strong&gt;was&lt;/strong&gt;'?&quot;, repeating the exact word she just said: &quot;it &lt;strong&gt;was&lt;/strong&gt; a ...&quot;. In French, German and Spanish, for instance, it would have been the same: &quot;C'&lt;strong&gt;était&lt;/strong&gt;?&quot;, &quot;Warte ... '&lt;strong&gt;war&lt;/strong&gt;'?&quot;, &quot;Espera... ¿'&lt;strong&gt;era&lt;/strong&gt;'?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if I could just as well have said the following? Or does this sound somewhat ambiguous in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Постой... «&lt;strong&gt;была&lt;/strong&gt;»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-12-25T15:29:58.247" LastActivityDate="2019-09-07T17:09:45.523" Title="How to express &quot;Wait...'was'?&quot; in surprise?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17806" CreationDate="2018-12-25T15:08:20.637" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;More native form of this question in Russian is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Постой... &lt;strong&gt;Почему&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;была&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2018-12-25T15:08:20.637" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17809" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17811" CreationDate="2018-12-25T17:30:10.537" Score="3" ViewCount="71" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Разве ничего нельзя сделать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In response to this, I just said in conversation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кто знает. Правда, боюсь, надеяться &lt;strong&gt;кроме авося&lt;/strong&gt; больше не &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; что.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm now wondering if I should have placed the preposition &quot;на&quot; after &quot;кроме&quot;, too?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кто знает. Правда, боюсь, надеяться &lt;strong&gt;кроме на авось&lt;/strong&gt; больше не &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; что.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In hindsight, I think I was tempted to use &quot;на&quot; as early on in this clause as possible, as I started it with &quot;надеяться&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-12-25T18:39:59.600" Title="Whether to place a preposition after &quot;кроме: &quot;кроме авося&quot; or &quot;кроме на авось&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17809" CreationDate="2018-12-25T17:42:25.130" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only valid form is &quot;на авось&quot; - in this usage it's not declined anyhow and stays exactly in the same form. &quot;Авось&quot; is declined in some extremely rarely used phrases, mostly sayings like &quot;от авося добра не жди&quot; or &quot;авося жданки съели&quot; or &quot;авосю не вовсе верь&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would be safe to say that most likely the only place one can encounter declined &quot;авось&quot; is dictionary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-12-25T17:42:25.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17809" CreationDate="2018-12-25T18:24:17.813" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first variant is a great humorous sentence, i like it. Not because it's ostensibly incorrect but because it sounds witty, with tongue in cheek.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The preposition &lt;strong&gt;кроме&lt;/strong&gt; before anything but a (pro)noun/numeral/adjective in any case but Genitive requires conjunction &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;кроме как&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;кроме нас&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; but &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;кроме как у нас/про нас/нам/нами&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;кроме синего&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; but &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;кроме как синий/-им/-ему&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;кроме утра&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; but &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;кроме как утром&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, although you beat me to it with your comment while i was typing up this response, the stylistically correct version is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Правда, боюсь, надеяться &lt;strong&gt;кроме как&lt;/strong&gt; на авось больше не на что.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or in a more relaxed order&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Правда, боюсь, &lt;strong&gt;кроме как&lt;/strong&gt; на авось надеяться больше не на что.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But i still prefer your original one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-25T18:39:59.600" LastActivityDate="2018-12-25T18:39:59.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17812" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17814" CreationDate="2018-12-25T19:51:53.370" Score="3" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я плохо говорю по-португальски, но уже хорошо читаю. (Literal meaning: i speak Portuguese badly, but read (it) well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The literal meaning of &lt;em&gt;уже&lt;/em&gt; is ‘already’, but at the same time i know it expresses a word sort of like an elongated  time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we remove &lt;em&gt;уже&lt;/em&gt; from the sentence i still get the same translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the purpose of it in this sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you in advance &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="11021" LastEditDate="2018-12-26T16:43:38.557" LastActivityDate="2018-12-26T16:43:38.557" Title="Purpose of ‘уже’ in this sentence" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17813" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-25T20:48:01.520" Score="6" ViewCount="175" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты &lt;strong&gt;не хуже меня&lt;/strong&gt; знаешь правила.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[vs]: Я &lt;strong&gt;не меньше твоего&lt;/strong&gt; хочу отомстить за нее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm curious to know why you say &amp;quot;не хуже &lt;strong&gt;меня&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; instead of  &amp;quot;не хуже &lt;strong&gt;моего&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;  on one hand, and &amp;quot;не меньше &lt;strong&gt;твоего&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;  instead of &amp;quot;не меньше &lt;strong&gt;тебя&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; on the other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To express the idea of &amp;quot;just as much as I/you do&amp;quot;, when do you use the form &amp;quot;не + comparative adverb + &lt;strong&gt;possessive&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; instead of the other way round?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-02-06T08:41:35.957" Title="Why say &quot;не хуже меня&quot; on one hand, and &quot;не меньше твоего&quot; on the other?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17812" CreationDate="2018-12-25T20:51:10.300" Score="9" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I speak Portuguese badly, but I can read it well &lt;strong&gt;already&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning is, my Portuguese is constantly improving and I can read it well already. Without the &lt;strong&gt;уже&lt;/strong&gt; the sentence would lose the sense of me currently studying Portuguese and would just state that my overall Portuguese is bad but reading is ok.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may ask, where is the &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; in the original Russian sentence? It is implied. English does this too: 'I speak German' doesn't mean you speak it every day. It means you &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; speak it well. Similarly, the Russian &lt;strong&gt;я хорошо читаю по-португальски&lt;/strong&gt; means 'I can read Portuguese well'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2018-12-25T21:11:47.877" LastActivityDate="2018-12-25T21:11:47.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17806" CreationDate="2018-12-26T05:13:51.657" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Постой... Почему ты говоришь в прошедшем времени?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is a good and precise way to put it in a written conversation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Постой... «была»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is totally fine as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oftentimes you simply repeat just the word(s) that confused you or expand it into a longer question. When speaking people (or is it just me?) tend to favor shorter phrasing. In the context of conversation there should be no ambiguity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Была&lt;/em&gt;?&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Почему &quot;&lt;em&gt;была&lt;/em&gt;&quot;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как это &quot;&lt;em&gt;была&lt;/em&gt;&quot;? (colloquial)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;То есть &quot;&lt;em&gt;была&lt;/em&gt;&quot;? (colloquial)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что значит &quot;&lt;em&gt;была&lt;/em&gt;&quot;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Почему ты говоришь &quot;&lt;em&gt;была&lt;/em&gt;&quot;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что ты имеешь в виду &quot;&lt;em&gt;была&lt;/em&gt;&quot;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;etc etc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other word in your question &lt;code&gt;постой&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;wait&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;espera&lt;/code&gt; serves as a filler to bring more attention to the question and emphasizes that you are intentionally interrupting your girlfriend or any other interlocutor. To express the same in Russian it's similar to other languages, so you can use any of the options below (among others) before the question - all with their own degree of being colloquial-vs-epistolary and (in)formal, that being partially based on a speaker past experience too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Эй! (colloquial, informal)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Эээ... (colloquial, informal)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Так! (colloquial)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Стоп! (informal)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Погодь! (colloquial, informal)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Подожди...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Извините, (formal)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Минуточку...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;etc etc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pretty much any combination and variation of the above would convey your question. You can repeat them as well to show your interest in the subject. Again, given the conversation there is no ambiguity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Была&lt;/em&gt;&quot;? Почему это &quot;&lt;em&gt;была&lt;/em&gt;&quot;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Стоп, стоп, стоп! Подожди, почему ты говоришь &quot;&lt;em&gt;была&lt;/em&gt;&quot;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5600" LastEditorUserId="5600" LastEditDate="2018-12-26T05:23:16.820" LastActivityDate="2018-12-26T05:23:16.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17818" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-26T16:24:45.603" Score="1" ViewCount="422" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I want to say: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) I have a bag - у меня есть сумка &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) I need this bag - мне нужна эта сумка &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(Why I can't say я нужна эта сумка and I need &quot;мне&quot;?)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) I want this bag - я хочу эту сумку&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(Why is not я хочу эта сумка? and why if I use scarf and not bag I need to use этот? Like я хочу этот шарф )&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11195" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-12-26T20:58:04.057" LastActivityDate="2018-12-26T20:58:04.057" Title="What is the difference between using &quot;эту&quot;, &quot;этот&quot; or &quot;эта&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17818" CreationDate="2018-12-26T16:51:25.180" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;2.&amp;nbsp;Because this is how Russian works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The need of a speaker in Russian is normally expressed indirectly through Dative case&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;мне требуется / необходима&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is likely because someone's need is perceived in Russian not as an act or volition, but as a state. Unlike at least in English the actor here is not the person who needs but the object which is needed.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;That's why in the sentence &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мне нужна эта сумка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; the subject is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;эта сумка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. It's as if the bag were acting upon yourself making you need it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's possible to say &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;я нуждаюсь в этой сумке&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; but the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;нуждаться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a little stronger than &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to need&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, it means that you can't do without it or that you pine for it, which is a volition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.&amp;nbsp;The verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;хотеть&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; governs Accusative case for inanimate objects, therefore &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;сумка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; assumes the form of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;сумку&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as expected of it in Accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3A. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Шарф&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a masculine noun inflected in Accusative, the masculine demonstrative pronoun &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;этот&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; must agree with it in grammatical case, hence &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;этот&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which is its form in both Nominative and Accusative cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Cумка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;cумку&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in Accusative) on the other hand is a feminine noun therefore it requires feminine demonstrative pronoun &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;эта&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; whose inflected form in Accusative case is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;эту&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-26T18:44:55.613" LastActivityDate="2018-12-26T18:44:55.613" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13899" CreationDate="2018-12-26T18:28:36.820" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To answer the question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Решетечко&quot; - a word rarely used. Something that can be said to a 3 years old, or to deliberately create humor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Загадочка&quot; - a more widely used word. Can be used in virtually all diminutive contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As person's nicknames, both look unlikely, but not impossible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2018-12-26T18:28:36.820" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17822" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17823" CreationDate="2018-12-26T22:12:18.400" Score="3" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &lt;em&gt;худой&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;плохой&lt;/em&gt;? Are these words interchangeable? When should each be used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-12-26T23:28:33.080" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T07:58:20.023" Title="&quot;Худой&quot; or &quot;плохой&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17822" CreationDate="2018-12-26T23:26:02.240" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the obsolete meanings of &quot;худой&quot; is bad, but nowadays this meaning is almost non-existent as an adjective. The only form that preserved that meaning is &quot;худо&quot; which is indeed similar to &quot;плохо&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say &quot;мне худо&quot; instead of &quot;мне плохо&quot; - though it will sound slightly bookish. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can not say &quot;худой&quot; instead of &quot;плохой&quot; in modern Russian apart from some idioms like and sayings like &quot;худой мир лучше доброй ссоры&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Худой&quot; stands for thin, skinny. Actually it always was the main meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-12-26T23:26:02.240" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17824" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-27T07:47:23.977" Score="3" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;Зачем одному «ослабеть» два несовершенных вида? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11145" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-12-29T21:30:55.673" LastActivityDate="2018-12-29T21:30:55.673" Title="Какая разница между «слабеть» и «ослабевать»?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17822" CreationDate="2018-12-27T07:58:20.023" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Плохой&lt;/strong&gt; is neutral word for 'bad'.&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Худой&lt;/strong&gt; is neutral word for 'skinny, thin' (of a person). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &lt;em&gt;худой&lt;/em&gt; can be used in the sense 'bad', according to the dictionary (where it's marked as традиционно-народный - folk style, traditional, used for proverbs and folklore) - I wouldn't say it's obsolete though, but characteristic of that particular functional STYLE (folklore connotation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So these two words are really not interchangable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T07:58:20.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17824" CreationDate="2018-12-27T07:59:55.950" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cуществует ещё глагол &lt;strong&gt;«(о)слабнуть»&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На глазок я бы сказал, что &lt;strong&gt;«(о)слабеть»&lt;/strong&gt; применяется по отношению к одушевлённым предметам, а &lt;strong&gt;«ослабевать»&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;«(о)слабнуть»&lt;/strong&gt; - к неодушевлённым. Это не железное правило, но такова, мне кажется, тенденция.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-27T08:08:22.637" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T08:08:22.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17824" CreationDate="2018-12-27T08:22:08.823" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы сказала, что &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ослабевать&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; выражает еще большую постепенность действия, чем &quot;&lt;strong&gt;слабеть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. Но в целом они синонимичны и взаимозаменяемы. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T08:22:08.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17828" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-27T11:17:58.293" Score="4" ViewCount="83" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вообще, это вроде не такая уж и сложная концепция. Ее вполне можно уложить &lt;strong&gt;в слова&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;Эй, давай обеспечим пациентов тем, что является лучшим для них&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is where in English I'd have expressed the same idea as &quot;Pretty much boils down &lt;strong&gt;to&lt;/strong&gt;, &quot;Hey ...&quot;. At least in English, it is not common to insert a word like &quot;слова&quot; after the preposition &quot;to&quot; before introducing direct speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it occurred to me, there and then, to fill in the word &quot;слова&quot;, as I'm used to placing some noun in the phrase &quot;уложить ... в + noun&quot;, as in &quot;ее уложить &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;5-6 часов&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm now wondering if I could have said alternatively:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ее вполне можно уложить &lt;strong&gt;в...&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;Эй, давай обеспечим пациентов тем, что является лучшим для них&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... following the pattern  of its English equivalent. Or:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ее вполне можно уложить &lt;strong&gt;в то, что:&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;Эй, давай обеспечим пациентов тем, что является лучшим для них&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do native speakers commonly express this idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-12-27T11:54:40.487" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T19:12:15.483" Title="How to effectively connect a preceding clause to direct speech?" Tags="&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17828" CreationDate="2018-12-27T12:35:25.363" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Part of the confusion is that you treat &lt;strong&gt;облечь/уложить | в | слова&lt;/strong&gt; as separate entities, while it's a fixed expression meaning &lt;em&gt;to put sth into words&lt;/em&gt;, so there is nothing particular about the prepositions in either language--treat it as one indivisible unit of language similar to a single word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for relative clauses in general, a very similar rule applies to shortened connection in spoken English and Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;We talked &lt;strong&gt;about (that) how&lt;/strong&gt; to help him.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мы говорили &lt;strong&gt;(об этом), как&lt;/strong&gt; помочь ему.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case what you &quot;skip&quot; is not obvious as there is at least a handful of ways to introduce what you wanna say, just like in English, but slicing a fixed phrase is not a good idea. Otherwise your propositions (bare prep &amp;amp; prep + indefinite pronoun) would be correct (but of different registers).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8679" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-12-27T16:49:22.483" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T16:49:22.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17828" CreationDate="2018-12-27T12:35:32.980" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want to keep &lt;em&gt;уложить&lt;/em&gt;, I'd go with this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Концепция, в общем-то, не такая и сложная. Её вполне можно уложить в одну фразу: &quot;давайте-ка обеспечим пациентов самым для них лучшим&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Свести&lt;/em&gt;, however, is a better option, as @Баян Купи-ка correctly notes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Эй&lt;/em&gt; is an anglicism. It sounds very foreign to a Russian ear, and usually it's a hallmark of a poor translation from English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тем, что является&lt;/em&gt; (and abundance of dependent clauses in general) is something you should not be overusing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T12:35:32.980" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17824" CreationDate="2018-12-27T13:30:20.547" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Второй вариант, образованный от &lt;em&gt;совершенной&lt;/em&gt; формы глагола (ослабеть), позволяет выразить достижение некоторой &lt;em&gt;меры&lt;/em&gt; или &lt;em&gt;порога&lt;/em&gt; слабости, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По мере удаления поршня от магнита их взаимное притяжение &lt;strong&gt;слабеет&lt;/strong&gt;,&#xA;а на расстоянии 10 см оно &lt;strong&gt;ослабевает&lt;/strong&gt; настолько, что поршень падает&#xA;под действием силы тяжести.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При отказе от пищи человек &lt;strong&gt;слабеет&lt;/strong&gt;, причём на 5-й день он&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;ослабевает&lt;/strong&gt; настолько, что начинает падать в обморок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T13:30:20.547" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17832" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-27T13:42:51.893" Score="4" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said jokingly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ого! В первый раз &lt;strong&gt;слышу&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; ты сказала что-то разумное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if the subjunctive mood with &quot;чтобы&quot; is commonly used like this with the phrase &quot;в первый раз&quot; if you want to emphasise how surprised you are to  hear/see something unusual? Or should I have said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ого! В первый раз &lt;strong&gt;слышу&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; ты сказала что-то разумное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the case of the past &quot;услышал&quot;, on the other hand, I assume the indicative mood with  &quot;что&quot; is the only option:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ого! В первый раз &lt;strong&gt;услышал&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; ты сказала что-то разумное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think my uncertainty comes from the fact that in its French equivalent &quot;C'est la première fois que je + indicative&quot;, the subjunctive mood is impossible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-12-28T20:42:43.820" LastActivityDate="2018-12-28T20:42:43.820" Title="Subjunctive &quot;в первый раз слышу, чтобы ...&quot; vs. Indicative &quot;в первый раз слышу, что ...&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17833" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17832" CreationDate="2018-12-27T16:04:41.243" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;1.Что and чтобы aren't used with all verbs. Some verbs require only что, others can be followed only by чтобы. And there are verbs which can be followed by both conjunctions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 In this case there's  a semantic difference.&#xA;Что introduces facts and opinions. Чтобы introduces a wish. (we don't speak about purpose, clauses of purpose are also introduced with чтобы ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А вам говорят, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; ваш друг уже вышел… [Е. Гришковец. ОдноврЕмЕнно (2004)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ПА говорит, &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; я к ней с этим не приставала. [Л. Улицкая. Казус Кукоцкого (2000)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ключик упорно настаивал, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; Вертинский― выдающийся поэт. [В. П. Катаев. Алмазный мой венец (1975-1977)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мама упорно настаивала, &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; мы её &amp;quot;правильно поняли&amp;quot;. [А. Алексин. Раздел имущества (1979)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your first sentence is incorrect. The rest are correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T16:04:41.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17828" CreationDate="2018-12-27T18:08:31.810" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your first variant was not bad, actually. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that's right, we do not use &quot;эй&quot; in such cases. In Russian it is a pretty colloquial word, you have to know whether you can say it to a particular person or not, for it can be even offensive if used out of place. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And давай is also colloquial, one of the reasons is that it is given in the ты-form here, and the other is that we do not use it in concepts. ) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I wrote a letter I would put it like this &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Концепция, в общем, совсем не сложная. &lt;strong&gt;Ее можно выразить одной&#xA;  фразой: &quot;обеспечить пациентов самым лучшим для них&quot;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In speaking you can change the word order (самым для них лучшим), add -то, etc.. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-27T19:12:15.483" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T19:12:15.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17835" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17839" CreationDate="2018-12-27T18:35:44.110" Score="6" ViewCount="171" Body="&lt;p&gt;The literal translation that is found to be most closely equivalent to the English meaning of this is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вы по&lt;strong&gt;Л&lt;/strong&gt;учите картину&lt;/em&gt;,  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but I don’t know if that is just the literal meaning of saying ‘someone is receiving a picture’ or the phrasal meaning in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;‘You get the picture’ in English is a way of saying that ‘you get the idea’ of something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="8249" LastEditDate="2018-12-31T22:58:00.840" LastActivityDate="2018-12-31T22:58:00.840" Title="&quot;You get the picture&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17836" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17838" CreationDate="2018-12-27T18:37:49.517" Score="4" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Думаешь, что ты на коне, а жизнь снова &lt;strong&gt;отвешивает&lt;/strong&gt; тебе оплеуху.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here I wanted to express the idea of &quot;life &lt;strong&gt;has a way of&lt;/strong&gt; ...&quot;. In English, this expression refers to the way how something generally happens, as in &quot;Life has a (funny) way of working out just when you start to believe it never will&quot; or &quot;Sailing has a way of growing on you&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if in Russian the imperfective aspect &quot;отвешивает&quot; – as opposed to perfective – was enough to make a sweeping generalisation about how things work? That is, without adding another word such as &quot;жизнь &lt;strong&gt;умеет&lt;/strong&gt; ...&quot; or &quot;жизнь &lt;strong&gt;способна&lt;/strong&gt; ...&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a commonly used phrasing for this in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2018-12-27T20:21:26.703" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T21:50:03.577" Title="How to express the generalising &quot;life has a way of ...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17836" CreationDate="2018-12-27T20:51:09.933" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would use &lt;em&gt;она такая&lt;/em&gt; или &lt;em&gt;дело такое&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жизнь — она такая, всё налаживается, когда в это уж и верить отчаялся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Парусный спорт — дело такое, захватывает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another option is to use &lt;em&gt;имеет свойство&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В жизни всё имеет свойство налаживаться тогда, когда уже отчаялся в это верить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть у парусного спорта такое свойство, захватывать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T21:50:03.577" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17835" CreationDate="2018-12-27T20:55:03.187" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have to type in 30 characters before I can write&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну ты понял&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T20:55:03.187" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17832" CreationDate="2018-12-27T22:02:42.410" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; is typically used (with past tense) when speaking of something &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; happened. So, your first example sounds like the speaker &lt;em&gt;denies&lt;/em&gt; the fact (like, &lt;em&gt;впервые слышу такое!&lt;/em&gt;) of her saying something reasonable earlier (after hearing about it from somebody else). Such a sense is more directly expressed in this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Никогда &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; слышал, &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; ты сказала что-то разумное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the speaker just expresses a surprise with an admitted fact or an approval, they don't use &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В первый раз слышу/услышал, как/&lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; ты сказала что-то разумное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T22:02:42.410" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17841" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-27T22:19:40.740" Score="4" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that сто́ить has several meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, the sentence &lt;strong&gt;сколько стоит?&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;&quot;How much does it cost&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Говорить о религии не стоит&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;&quot;It's not worth talking about religion&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;strong&gt;это стоит того&lt;/strong&gt; simply means &lt;em&gt;&quot;It's worth it&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in this example, I'm having a hard time trying to figure out the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;стоить&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Стоило ему свернуть на просёлочную дорогу, как мотор заглох.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it mean &lt;em&gt;&quot;As soon as he steered the car toward a rural road, the motor broke down&quot;&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a side note, does &quot;стоит того&quot; agree in gender and number? &lt;em&gt;&quot;There are things which are worth it&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is translated as &quot;есть вещи, которые &lt;strong&gt;стоят&lt;/strong&gt; того&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2018-12-30T12:13:32.660" Title="Doubt about стоит/стоило" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;conjunctions&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17841" CreationDate="2018-12-27T22:42:01.440" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it's just a regular Russian grammar construction obeying regular Russian grammar rules, so it agrees both in gender and number in the phrase you've provided. And yes, your understanding of &quot;стоило ему свернуть на просёлочную дорого&quot; is correct: &lt;code&gt;стоит сделать что-либо/что-то&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;as soon as&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's very subtle change of context that make this exactly phrase completely different. Сompare following two sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тут стоит сделать одно замечание - it worth making a remark here.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Cтоит сделать одно замечание - и он сразу впадает в ярость. A single reprimand  - and he's getting mad at instant.   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a side note, &quot;говорить о религии не стоит&quot; is noticeably closer to &quot;we should not speak about religion&quot; rather than &quot;it's not worth it&quot;. Check, for instance, &quot;не стоило тебе этого делать&quot;. To make it sound closer to not-worth-it-meaning, one more likely would say &quot;Говорить о религии сейчас не стоит&quot; or &quot;Чего мы будем сейчас о религии говорить&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-12-30T12:13:32.660" LastActivityDate="2018-12-30T12:13:32.660" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17843" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17841" CreationDate="2018-12-27T23:36:42.560" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adding &quot;только&quot; makes it all the easier to interpret this structure:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Стоило&lt;/strong&gt; ему (&lt;strong&gt;только&lt;/strong&gt;) свернуть на просёлочную дорогу, &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; мотор заглох.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A literal meaning: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;All he had to do&lt;/strong&gt; was turn onto a dirt road, &lt;strong&gt;when/before&lt;/strong&gt; the engine (suddenly) stalled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And more naturally: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The moment&lt;/strong&gt; he turned onto a dirt road, the engine stalled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or the present &quot;стоит&quot; comes in handy when you make a general statement. I'd say something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Вот) &lt;strong&gt;Стоит&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;только&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;хоть&lt;/strong&gt; на минуточку потерять бдительность,  &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;сразу/тут же&lt;/strong&gt;) (обязательно) рухнет весь план.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2018-12-27T23:36:42.560" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17844" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17852" CreationDate="2018-12-28T19:55:39.833" Score="2" ViewCount="209" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Surely his wish had not been fulfilled?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В «Портрете Дориана Грея» Оскара Уайльда это предложение передает удивление, испытанное Дорианом Греем после некоторого события. В примечаниях к одному из изданий романа сказано, что такой вопрос следует перевести как «Неужели его желание осуществилось?», однако, очевидно, в языке источника представлено отрицание, тем более что &lt;em&gt;surely&lt;/em&gt; — в отличие, например, от &lt;em&gt;hardly&lt;/em&gt; — обладает вполне «утвердительной» семантикой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Интересно, как добиться большей точности перевода, использовав отрицание и в русском языке, сохранив при этом структуру и применив русские аналоги лексем исходного предложения?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Важно учесть, что Дориан Грей вовсе не предполагал, что его желание вообще может осуществиться. Претворение его в жизнь, которое, как показалось Грею, случилось, было пугающим, а вовсе не приятным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8249" LastEditorUserId="8249" LastEditDate="2018-12-28T20:27:26.843" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T15:10:15.560" Title="Перевод вопроса, начинающегося с surely" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;&lt;синтаксис&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17844" CreationDate="2018-12-28T20:18:44.313" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;В слове &lt;strong&gt;неужели&lt;/strong&gt; отрицание уже содержится &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Не уже ли его желание осуществилось?&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; в осовремененном синтаксисе &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Не осуществилось ли уже его желание?&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, но в такой форме у предложения нет риторического подтекста. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Перефразировав, можно перевести как &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Не это ли и есть осуществление его желания?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, правда тут не обошлось без изменения главных членов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или (как было предложено в комментариях)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;А точно/действительно ли его желание не осуществилось?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (подразумевая &lt;code&gt;а может быть всё-таки осуществилось?&lt;/code&gt;), хотя мне лично такой вариант перевода меньше импонирует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-28T21:10:07.477" LastActivityDate="2018-12-28T21:10:07.477" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17846" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-28T20:57:13.737" Score="3" ViewCount="200" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know there are multiple ways to form the &lt;strong&gt;superlative degree&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Simple superlative&lt;/em&gt;, usually formed with the endings &lt;code&gt;-ший&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;-шая&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;-шее&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;-шие&lt;/code&gt; (depending on genus and numerus).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Compound superlative&lt;/em&gt;, with &lt;code&gt;самый&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;самая&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;самое&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;самые&lt;/code&gt; (depending on genus and numerus) combined with the respective adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Comparative degree in conjunction with &lt;code&gt;всего&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;всех&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I struggle with cases where there is no gender, i.e. when forming the &lt;strong&gt;superlative of adverbs&lt;/strong&gt;. I would like to express these statements in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Lena sings the loudest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) Irina writes the most beautiful (&lt;em&gt;has the most beautiful handwriting&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I came up with the following solutions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Лена поёт громче всех.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) Ирина пишет красивее всех.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While these translations express that the persons sing louder or write more beautiful than everybody else, they only imply the superlative indirectly. Is it possible to apply the &lt;em&gt;simple superlative&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;compound superlative&lt;/em&gt; here as well? How to deal with the gender then?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5998" LastEditorUserId="5998" LastEditDate="2018-12-28T21:11:58.970" LastActivityDate="2019-04-25T18:22:57.843" Title="How to form superlative degree of adverbs?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;&lt;superlative&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17846" CreationDate="2018-12-28T21:21:24.120" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your renderings are correct. In one sentence superlative can be formed with &lt;code&gt;всего&lt;/code&gt; as well, which sound more natural in a reordered sequence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Lena sings the loudest. - Громче всего (всех) поёт Лена&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is when there's a need to stress who specifically sings the loudest in a group of people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;всех&lt;/code&gt; conveys a sense of superiority within a collective of individuals either finite or unlimited.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Superlative degree fashioned with &lt;code&gt;всего&lt;/code&gt; may mean superiority in other terms and be qualified by surrounding content, therefore the two types may not always be used interchangeably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) Ирина пишет &lt;strong&gt;красивее всех&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(Irina has the most beautiful handwriting&#xA;[among her peers/all the people in the world])&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;b) &lt;strong&gt;Красивее всего&lt;/strong&gt; Ирина писала, когда училась в школе&#xA;&lt;em&gt;(The most beautiful handwriting [of all times] Irina had while in school)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) Сегодня я устал &lt;strong&gt;сильнее всех&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(Today i got tired more than anyone [of my co-workers])&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;b) Сегодня я устал &lt;strong&gt;сильней всего&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(Today [of all times] i got tired the most)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) Названы &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;регионы России, где&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; пенсионеры живут &lt;strong&gt;хуже всего&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(the worst out of all Russian regions / worse than anywhere else in Russia)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;b) &lt;strong&gt;Хуже всего&lt;/strong&gt; людям жилось на Земле &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1,5 тысячи лет назад&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(the worst out of all other periods / worst ever)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some adverbs may assume synthetic superlative form in which case the gender is Neuter, but this form is rare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лена поёт &lt;em&gt;тишайше&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я ему &lt;em&gt;строжайше&lt;/em&gt; запретил&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Покорнейше&lt;/em&gt; прошу &lt;em&gt;(antiquated)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ему всегда давали самую черную работу, и он ее &lt;em&gt;усерднейше&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;кропотливейше&lt;/em&gt; выполнял (Е. Евтушенко).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-04-25T18:22:57.843" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17848" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-28T23:04:17.523" Score="5" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почему ты так спокоен, &lt;strong&gt;ведь&lt;/strong&gt; твой друг в опасности?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usage of &quot;ведь&quot; in this specific instance pulled me up short because in my mind the second clause seems like an affirmative statement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почему ты так спокоен? &lt;strong&gt;Ведь&lt;/strong&gt; твой друг в опасности. [&lt;strong&gt;After all&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;Because&lt;/strong&gt;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, this is where you'd say &quot;How can you be so calm, &lt;strong&gt;knowing&lt;/strong&gt; your friend ... ?&quot; or &quot;How can you be so calm, &lt;strong&gt;even though&lt;/strong&gt; your friend ... ?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the first phrasing how native speakers commonly express this idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2019-01-14T06:56:47.713" Title="How to interpret &quot;ведь&quot; in this specific instance?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17848" CreationDate="2018-12-28T23:27:14.407" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this example &lt;strong&gt;ведь&lt;/strong&gt; means something like '&lt;em&gt;while you (we both) know that...&lt;/em&gt;' or '&lt;em&gt;despite the fact that...&lt;/em&gt;':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why do you stay so calm &lt;em&gt;while you know that&lt;/em&gt; your friend is in&#xA;  danger?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ведь&lt;/strong&gt; is related to &lt;strong&gt;ведать&lt;/strong&gt; (знать).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2018-12-28T23:27:14.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17848" CreationDate="2018-12-29T14:39:56.350" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some phrases in Russian that could be explained if we added the lacking words there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's complete the phrase. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я не понимаю&lt;/strong&gt;, почему ты так спокоен. &lt;strong&gt;Ведь&lt;/strong&gt; твой друг в опасности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And ведь here relates to &quot;я не понимаю, почему&quot;, but not to &quot;ты так спокоен&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-12-29T14:39:56.350" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17848" CreationDate="2018-12-29T18:47:25.433" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ведь&lt;/code&gt; is very closed to &lt;code&gt;учитывая тот факт, что&lt;/code&gt; - and can be treated as a succinct way to say the latter. And &quot;учитывая тот факт, что&quot; has a correspondence in English - &quot;regarding the fact that&quot;, so don't trust Google Translate (or any other dictionary) which translates &quot;ведь&quot; as &quot;because&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as a rule of a thumb - whenever you can use &quot;regarding the fact that&quot; you most probably ok with &lt;code&gt;ведь&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2018-12-29T18:47:25.433" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17852" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17844" CreationDate="2018-12-30T05:30:44.213" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;В переводе точность передачи смысла не всегда соответствует схожести грамматических конструкций. Вариант &quot;Неужели его желание осуществилось?&quot; в этом отношении вполне возможен. Это нормальный русский язык, но точность такого перевода должна проверяться контекстом. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.shmoop.com/picture-dorian-gray/transformation-quotes-2.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.shmoop.com/picture-dorian-gray/transformation-quotes-2.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Звучит предложенный в комментарии вариант так, будто персонаж до последнего момента жил тем желанием. Из контекста же следует, что он о нём забыл и, лишь увидя портрет, вспомнил, что искренне высказал его в какой-то момент из прошлого. Несмотря на видимые признаки, не верилось, что забытое желание могло осуществиться, поскольку &quot;такого не бывает&quot;. Поэтому здесь выражается смутное сомнение и приблизительный &lt;em&gt;смысл&lt;/em&gt; (он может быть передан с отрицанием) таков: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Можно ли быть уверенным, что его желание не осуществилось?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P.S.&lt;/strong&gt; Ещё вариант с тем же смыслом: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Уж не осуществилось ли его желание?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2018-12-30T14:45:03.940" LastActivityDate="2018-12-30T14:45:03.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17853" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-31T02:55:30.283" Score="11" ViewCount="1072" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's say you had a nice pool table. And some people were ruining it by putting their small children on top of it and letting them walk around and bang on it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In American English, you might put a sign on it like, &quot;No children on the pool table&quot; or &quot;No children on the table&quot;. In American English, we're usually less formal, but maybe we could write, &quot;Children are not permitted on the pool table.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What would be idiomatic Russian for this?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What about for a different kind of gaming table, like Shuffleboard? Would there be one idiomatic Russian sentence that'd be appropriate for both?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried Google translate, but I don't know how idiomatic or natural this is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;дети не допускаются на бильярдный стол&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, the crazy problem we have is an adult who puts their toddler on the pool table and lets them slam around on it. Same with the shuffleboard table. So I'm trying to express a prohibition, not on playing pool, but placing your child on it (and letting them walk on it.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11354" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-01-01T00:30:14.013" LastActivityDate="2019-01-01T00:30:14.013" Title="Idiomatic Signage: &quot;No children&quot;, &quot;Children not allowed on table&quot;, etc.?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17853" CreationDate="2018-12-31T04:31:26.537" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a rule, we do not place sign with the word &lt;strong&gt;&quot;дети&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. Usually we say/write: &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Только для взрослых&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (&quot;For adults only&quot;) or &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Для лиц старше 16/18 лет&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (&quot;For persons over 16/18 y.o.&quot;), etc.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I.e. we specify for whom it is allowed, but not for whom it is forbidden.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Much less often we write or say &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Дети до 12/16/18 лет не допускаются&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (&quot;Children under 12/16/18 years are not allowed&quot;) or &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Дети до 12/16/18 лет допускаются только в сопровождении взрослых&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (&quot;Children under 12/16/18 years are allowed only accompanied by adults&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there were a problem with people placing their small children on the pool table, I would write: &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Пожалуйста, не сажайте детей на бильярдный стол!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (&quot;Please do not put children on the pool table!&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if there were several different types of playing tables (pool, shuffleboard, etc.), the most comprehensive version would be: &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Пожалуйста, не сажайте детей на игральные столы!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (&quot;Please don't put children on the playing tables!&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2018-12-31T23:48:38.430" LastActivityDate="2018-12-31T23:48:38.430" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17853" CreationDate="2018-12-31T07:50:13.967" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another option which is less entreating and more assertive is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Просьба не сажать детей&lt;/strong&gt; etc.&quot; or even stronger &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Запрещается сажать детей&lt;/strong&gt; etc.&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пожалуйста&lt;/strong&gt; is generally not employed in formal signage in Russian and in prohibitive texts perceived as too soft in a society with law-is-for-wimps mentality. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may as well institute some sort of punitive measures and mention them in the verbiage because in all likelihood the sign will be ignored. And also to make the sign look less generic and more deliberate a signature &lt;strong&gt;Администрация&lt;/strong&gt; after the verbiage may also be appropriate, as if hinting whom the infractors will have to deal with.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The above is valid, in my opinion, provided the establishment is located in the former USSR or caters for tourists from here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2018-12-31T08:14:13.930" LastActivityDate="2018-12-31T08:14:13.930" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2255" CreationDate="2018-12-31T12:04:31.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe, if you don't want to allude the God, you wouldn't want to call the devil either. :) Or, at least, to use swearing words. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's discuss what you can use in a decent society. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, you can call your mother, I mean the exclamations:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мама!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мама дорогая!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мамочка!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мамочки!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just as here, when Piglet saw his balloon burst, he shouted: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kq5isTMnRww&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Мама, мамочка!&quot;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мать моя женщина!&lt;/strong&gt; is also possible, but only in informal conversations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically, it was (and is) possible to call your father (and the other respected men of your community) as well. :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Батюшки!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Батюшки-светы!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are most likely to call all people in general to help you, you can exhale: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Люди добрые! (Что делается!)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, you can name the situation what it is like, if it is really bad, then it will be: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ужас!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ужас какой!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кошмар!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Какой кошмар!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are happy, on the contrary, you can say: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Красота!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Красота какая!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Какое счастье!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are astonished, you exclaim: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;С ума сойти!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;С ума сойти можно!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Обалдеть!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Обалдеть можно!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Рехнуться (можно)!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ого!&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Ух ты!&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Ничего себе!&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Надо же!&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Вот это да!&lt;/strong&gt; go here as well&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mind that &quot;с ума сойти&quot; is more stylistically neutral, while обалдеть and рехнуться are colloquial. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, still, we do use &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Боже упаси!&quot;, &quot;Господи, помилуй!&quot;, &quot;Боже сохрани!&quot;, &quot;Бог миловал!&quot;, &quot;Слава Богу!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. It was funny, when I was interpreting for a judaic organization and heard &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Христом Богом тебя молю!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; there. :) Because the Russian language and culture are firmly connected with christianity, and even our letters were invented by christians and spread over the orthodox part of the world. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During the Soviet times, when any religion was prohibited, there were certain trials to replace such expressions in literature. E.g., in &quot;Мойдодыр&quot; by Чуковский there is the following place: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Боже, Боже!&lt;/strong&gt; Что случилось? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отчего же всё кругом &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Завертелось, закружилось &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И помчалось кувырком? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In most editions this innocent phrase was replaced by &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что такое, что случилось? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But even at that time, and we can trace it as we watch the films shot in different decades, people still used the God-calling expressions. And they also could use the devil-calling expressions (чёрт побери, да чёрт бы его побрал, где тебя черти носят?, чёрт его знает, чертовщина какая-то, чёрти что, etc.), and get the answer &quot;Не чертыхайся!&quot; or &quot;Не ругайся!&quot;, which meant 'don't swear'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has always been better to say &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Да Бог его знает!&quot; (I don't know), &quot;Иди с Богом!&quot;, &quot;Бог знает что&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Да чёрт его знает!&quot;, &quot;Иди к чёрту!&quot;, &quot;Чёрт знает что&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. Those phrases are not totally synonimous, but even if you mean the second part, you can mitigate your message using the first part. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sure, there exists &lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt; swearing expression to express all the &quot;мамочки!&quot;, &quot;ужас!&quot;, &quot;люди добрые!&quot; and &quot;красота-то какая!&quot;, but it's not what I would like to share here or to hear from a foreigner. ))))))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2018-12-31T12:10:03.253" LastActivityDate="2018-12-31T12:10:03.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17857" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2018-12-31T13:56:34.257" Score="5" ViewCount="71" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes I don't know which reflexive form is better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that &lt;strong&gt;оправдаться&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;&quot;to be justified&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, if I want to tell &lt;em&gt;&quot;I don't need to justify myself&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (in the sense of &quot;I don't need to give excuses&quot;, &quot;I don't need to explain why I did such&quot;), should I say &quot;мне не нужно &lt;strong&gt;оправдать себя&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2018-12-31T15:15:23.180" LastActivityDate="2018-12-31T17:00:58.983" Title="&quot;Оправдаться&quot; or &quot;оправдать себя&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17857" CreationDate="2018-12-31T15:07:58.613" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Оправдываться&lt;/strong&gt; is also &lt;strong&gt;to make excuses&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the meaning of &quot;I have no need to give excuses&quot; it would be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне не нужно оправдываться.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне не в чем оправдываться.&lt;/strong&gt; (There's nothing for me to give excuses for)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне не за что оправдываться.&lt;/strong&gt; (As previous)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Make use of the reflexive particle -ся, it's helpful. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;strong&gt;to be justified&lt;/strong&gt; can, vice versa, be translated as &lt;strong&gt;быть оправданным&lt;/strong&gt;, for example, in a court, where you do not justify yourself, you are just found not guilty. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2018-12-31T15:07:58.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17857" CreationDate="2018-12-31T17:00:58.983" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the sense, 'I don't have to explain myself to you', these will work:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я не обязан (перед тобой/вами) оправдываться.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне не за что (перед тобой/вами) оправдываться.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few examples of &lt;strong&gt;оправдаться&lt;/strong&gt; (the perfective counterpart of &lt;strong&gt;оправдываться&lt;/strong&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сегодня мы оправдались перед болельщиками за прошлые неудачи.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Политик попытался оправдаться перед избирателями.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note the use of &lt;strong&gt;перед&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When used with прогнозы/надежды/расчеты/ожидания, etc. &lt;strong&gt;Оправдаться&lt;/strong&gt; means 'to come true':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Его надежды не оправдались. = His hopes did not materialise.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Его расчеты не оправдались. ~ He miscalculated. / His expectations turned out to be wrong.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он не оправдал наших надежд. ~ He let us down.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't (and need not) use &lt;strong&gt;перед&lt;/strong&gt; in this sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;strong&gt;оправдаться&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;оправдать себя&lt;/strong&gt; have a third sense, 'to prove itself worthwhile' (normally said of inanimate things):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вложенные средства оправдались с лихвой.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Риск полностью оправдался.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2018-12-31T17:00:58.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17861" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17872" CreationDate="2018-12-31T18:48:36.220" Score="1" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've created this sign for a bathroom in a property that I rent out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dD2OV.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dD2OV.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(And yes, before you ask - I have fished several such items out of toilets in the past.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the wording correct? I'm particularly uncertain about не vs. нет, but any other pointers would be appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: my apologies for not reading the site rules carefully, and thanks to those who provided constructive comments. As one of them is that I shouldn't have posted just an image, but rather the text, here it is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пожалуйста, поставьте только туалетную бумагу в туалете!&#xA;  не  влажные салфетки&#xA;      детские салфетки&#xA;      бумажных полотенец&#xA;      пластик&#xA;      игрушки&#xA;      и т.п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For comparison, I have the same sign (with the same layout) in some other languages, such as English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Please put only toilet paper in the toilet!&#xA;  NO  wet wipes&#xA;      baby wipes&#xA;      paper towels&#xA;      plastic&#xA;      toys&#xA;      etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...and so I'd like as much as possible to keep the same flow. If indeed it's not idiomatic Russian to give a list with не/нет followed by a number of items, then so be it. But I would wonder: you find, for example, apartment buildings in the U.S. that have such signs outside (NO in large type, followed by a list of things not to do: ball playing, loitering, etc.); are such signs unknown in Russia?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11360" LastEditorUserId="4481" LastEditDate="2019-01-02T01:19:06.497" LastActivityDate="2019-01-02T01:19:06.497" Title="Proper usage for &quot;No X, Y, Z&quot; sign?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;particles&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="20" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17862" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17864" CreationDate="2018-12-31T23:52:13.737" Score="3" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;I got this a message from my friend with the following photo in which it says: &quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Новый год уже совсем близко... Пусть Новогодняя сказка станет &lt;strong&gt;явью&lt;/strong&gt;,  &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  все мечты исполнятся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I understand it says: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The new year is quite close, let the new year fairy tales become&#xA;  reality &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; all dreams come true.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My questions about it are two:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) What's the pronunciation of явью? (Yavyu or Yivu? two different local people told me two different pronunciations)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Why does it use &quot;&lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; instead of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (=and)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oMM2Em.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/oMM2Em.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-01T12:31:10.110" LastActivityDate="2019-01-01T15:08:27.710" Title="What's the pronunciation of &quot;явью&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17862" CreationDate="2019-01-01T00:25:56.807" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pronunciation of &lt;em&gt;явью&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;[ˈjävʲjʊ]&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;А&lt;/em&gt; is used instead of &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; because the other clause starts with a noun and has a different verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should the sentence be put this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пусть станет явью новогодняя сказка, и исполнятся все мечты!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, it would have been used with &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-01T08:39:30.367" LastActivityDate="2019-01-01T08:39:30.367" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17862" CreationDate="2019-01-01T00:30:20.500" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Right pronunciation of word &lt;strong&gt;&quot;явью&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;[ˈjævjʊ]&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The conjunction &lt;strong&gt;&quot;a&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; among others has two meanings: &lt;strong&gt;&quot;but&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;and&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;It can be used in meaning &lt;strong&gt;&quot;and&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; when we need to show the heterogeneity described in the two connected sentences. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пусть Новогодняя сказка станет явью и все мечты - тоже!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пусть Новогодняя сказка станет явью, а все мечты исполнятся!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence implies that both parts of a complex sentence are about becoming a reality:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пусть Новогодняя сказка станет явью и все мечты тоже [станут явью]!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second sentence, the first part is about fairy tales, and second - about dreams, and in that sentence fairy tales become a reality, &lt;strong&gt;but&lt;/strong&gt; dreams will come true (&lt;strong&gt;come true&lt;/strong&gt;, not &lt;strong&gt;become to reality&lt;/strong&gt;). So we use &lt;strong&gt;&quot;a&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;&quot;и&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you use &lt;strong&gt;&quot;и&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; in your sample, it won't be mistake. It will be just a slight change in the tone of the phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-01-01T15:08:27.710" LastActivityDate="2019-01-01T15:08:27.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17865" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17866" CreationDate="2019-01-01T04:40:09.243" Score="4" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I wanted to express the idea of &quot;not above doing anything to do ...&quot; and said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... Впрочем он, я смотрю, &lt;strong&gt;ничем не побрезгует&lt;/strong&gt; ради достижения собственных целей, какое уж там вести себя самоотверженно!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if my phrasing matches well with the English expression in terms of register, for one thing, and the use of &quot;побрез&lt;strong&gt;гать&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; might not have been a better choice?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a commonly used phrasing for this in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-01-01T05:48:27.867" LastActivityDate="2019-01-01T20:05:16.833" Title="Russian equivalents of “not above doing anything to ...”" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17865" CreationDate="2019-01-01T05:14:25.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your translation is pretty good.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There are a number of similar expressions, such as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;он может пойти на всё ради достижения собственных целей&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, but if we are talking about &lt;strong&gt;&quot;not above doing anything to do ...&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, more or less  literal option would be &lt;strong&gt;&quot;он может опуститься до чего угодно ради достижения собственных целей&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, but I personally like the option you use more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2019-01-01T05:45:32.543" LastActivityDate="2019-01-01T05:45:32.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17867" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17771" CreationDate="2019-01-01T13:27:50.477" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Угораздило&lt;/code&gt; has slightly more noticeable connotation of some involuntary event, of something, that happened agains the will of the subject, like in phrase &quot;Эк меня угораздило въехать в эту стену&quot;. Not necessarily one managed to do anything to and up in such situation :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ухитриться&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;умудриться&lt;/code&gt; are very closed synonyms but not not absolutely identical. Yet both &lt;code&gt;ухитриться&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;умудриться&lt;/code&gt; are about being able to achieve something that was hardly expected to be achieved - or was not planned to be achieved at all, you can say &quot;ну и я как-то ухитрился всё-таки подобрать код для входа в подъезд&quot;, but you can not say &quot;ну и я умудрился как-то всё подобрать всё-таки код&quot; - it will sound slightly off. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ухитрился&quot; is still applicable for voluntary actions. One can intentionally try to do something and succeed. &quot;Умудрился&quot; is more about ending up in situation one were not willing to end up with at all. So how does it differ to &quot;угораздило&quot; then? &#xA;Well, &lt;code&gt;угораздило&lt;/code&gt; is more about unpleasant situation and &lt;code&gt;умудрился&lt;/code&gt; is slightly more about unlikely situation. &lt;code&gt;Угораздило попасть в пробку&lt;/code&gt; - is more like you didn't want to be in a traffic jam at all but well, shit happens. &lt;code&gt;Умудрился попасть в пробку&lt;/code&gt;, - is more about like you never expected to stuck in traffic jam in this time of day, but somehow, you've managed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's small plot to give you an idea:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZxC0e.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZxC0e.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All that said, all three words are still very closed synonyms. &#xA;You gotta get used for them in everyday situations to learn when they can be used completely interchangeably and when one is tiny bit more preferable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-01T14:06:16.520" LastActivityDate="2019-01-01T14:06:16.520" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17865" CreationDate="2019-01-01T15:18:17.090" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не &quot;брезгать&quot;, а &quot;брезговать&quot;. -уе- should have warned you. Like требует - требовать. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ничем не побрезгует &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ничем не погнушается &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ничем не поступится &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ни перед чем не остановится&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что угодно сделает &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пойдет на всё &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Родину (или мать) продаст &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But not everything goes well with the second part of your sentence. That's why I like the variant you used, and for some others the second clause must be paraphrased. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-01-01T20:05:16.833" LastActivityDate="2019-01-01T20:05:16.833" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17861" CreationDate="2019-01-01T18:20:06.580" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I personally haven't come across signs in Russian designed in a model you mention. Rather it would be a simple enumeration of objects/activities with no fancy formatting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the verbiage, the idiomatically Russian one would look something like the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пожалуйста, бросайте в унитаз только туалетную бумагу!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  НЕ БРОСАТЬ влажные салфетки, детские салфетки, бумажные полотенца, пластик,&#xA;  игрушки и т.п.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case if by &lt;strong&gt;пластик&lt;/strong&gt; you really mean &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;plastic bags&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, then it needs to be replaced with &lt;strong&gt;целлофан&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To model the verbiage in the English style you propose&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пожалуйста, бросайте в унитаз только туалетную бумагу!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  НИКАКИХ влажных салфеток, детских салфеток, бумажных полотенец, пластика,&#xA;  игрушек и т.п.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in my opinion this is not formal enough for a sign if formality is important. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-01T18:29:07.413" LastActivityDate="2019-01-01T18:29:07.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17861" CreationDate="2019-01-01T18:28:08.073" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase with NO will be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Запрещается + Inf.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Строго запрещается + Inf.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Запрещено + Inf.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Строго запрещено + Inf. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But bear in mind that is sounds very official and angry. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you mean to be more friendly, you can use the following: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Просим не + Inf. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Просьба не + Inf. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Туалет&lt;/strong&gt; is the room, while a toilet is &lt;strong&gt;унитаз&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Поставить в туалете&lt;/strong&gt; means to put sth. that can stand in the restroom, e.g., a vase, or a toilet paper roll if you put it vertically on a shelf. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To put sth. in the toilet means &lt;strong&gt;бросать в унитаз&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;спускать в унитаз&lt;/strong&gt;. That is to dump things there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бумажных полотенец&lt;/strong&gt; has a different and wrong case. &lt;strong&gt;Бумажные полотенца&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-01T18:28:08.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17873" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17874" CreationDate="2019-01-01T21:05:03.777" Score="3" ViewCount="264" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was given this sentence:&#xA;Our names are Misha and Masha&#xA;They told me to translate it and i translated it like this:&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Наш&lt;/em&gt; зовут Миша и Маша &#xA;But the correct answer:&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Нас&lt;/em&gt; зовут Миша и Маша&#xA;Why is нас(us) used in this case instead of наш(our)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-01T21:40:06.823" LastActivityDate="2019-01-01T21:40:06.823" Title="Difference between “нac&quot; и &quot;наш”" Tags="&lt;местоимения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17873" CreationDate="2019-01-01T21:37:14.777" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The literal translation of the phrase &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Нас зовут Миша и Маша&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is not &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Our names are Misha and Masha&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, but &lt;strong&gt;&quot;We are called Misha and Masha&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. I.e. &lt;strong&gt;&quot;зовут&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is a verb.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And so &quot;we are called&quot; = &quot;&lt;strong&gt;нас&lt;/strong&gt; зовут&quot; (It's like &quot;They call &lt;strong&gt;us&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it was said &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Наши имена Миша и Маша&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (it's literal translation of &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Our names are Misha and Masha&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;) then it would be &quot;Our names&quot; = &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Наши&lt;/strong&gt; имена&quot; (BTW, plural &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Наши&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, not singular &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Наш&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2019-01-01T21:37:14.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17875" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-02T06:40:03.807" Score="1" ViewCount="70" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't seem to find a translation of this word into English. I've come across it in a language textbook, so I assume it's a word only a specialist in linguistics and/or anatomy would know. Based on the roots (no pun intended), I basically understand its meaning, but I'm looking for as exact a translation as possible. Perhaps there is no single word translation into English, in which case I'll simply substitute a phrase for it, but first I'd like to run it by you all before I make that decision. It was used in the context: &quot;...язык продвигается вперед, надкорневая часть отходит назад, спинка языка выгибается кверху.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11363" LastActivityDate="2019-01-02T07:26:05.637" Title="Translation of надкорневый" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="9" ClosedDate="2019-01-02T09:07:06.087" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17877" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17878" CreationDate="2019-01-02T16:01:42.707" Score="1" ViewCount="480" Body="&lt;p&gt;A (Hebrew) article at &lt;a href=&quot;https://he.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2096985&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://he.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2096985&lt;/a&gt; mentions, incidentally, this detail (translation mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“What's with this name Vasily?” he thought to himself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Now, there are a lot of Russian names that come from Jewish ones, or&#xA;  at least have some kind of Jewish connection. Jews in Russia bear&#xA;  names like Misha, Sasha, Boris, Vladimir, Igor—names reminiscent of&#xA;  Moshe, Baruch, Zev, Asher, etc. But “Vasily”? That’s a true-blue&#xA;  gentile name; not many Jews bear it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I'd like to know: what indeed makes certain names more or less likely to be used by Russian Jews? It's not just the etymology, since neither Boris nor Vladimir nor Igor come from Hebrew or (as far as I know) have any Hebrew/Jewish antecedents. I don't suppose it has to do with whether these are saints' names, either, seeing as how there's a St. Boris and a St. Vladimir. And if it's just the phonetic similarity of the beginning of the name - then why is Vladimir, which would pair up with the Jewish name (Zev) Wolf and its diminutive Velvel, more preferred than Vasily?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11360" LastEditorUserId="11360" LastEditDate="2019-01-02T17:52:46.287" LastActivityDate="2019-01-02T17:52:46.287" Title="Why are some Russian names not used by Jews, and others are?" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2019-01-02T17:21:49.410" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17877" CreationDate="2019-01-02T17:03:53.307" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, all the Jews in Russia historically had Jewish names. But, to make it more pronounceable for the Russians, all the foreigners got Russian or Russian-sounding names and patronymic names, besides theirs. It was a part of what is called обрусение. But still, it was not a 100% case. Many Jews had only Jewish names, with a patronymic name derived from the Jewish name of the father. Just the local tradition of pronunciation tinted the names. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g., Мара Меировна, Наум Лазаревич. Pay attention I haven't given surnames here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that Василий just sounds perfectly Russian. Just as Марк sounds traditionally Jewish, though this name is not present in Torah, but there are many Russian Jews with this name. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Борис resembles Борух, usually it's the same person. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Илья is the Russian pronunciation of the prophet's name. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Миша resembles Моше, but Михаил can be either Мойша or Хаим. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But sometimes people just choose a name which they like and can turn from Цадик Израилевич to Евгений Борисович. It's less predictable than you might expect. I'd say, that it was also a kind of Jewish tradition which Russian name to choose. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-02T17:03:53.307" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17879" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-02T18:47:34.173" Score="3" ViewCount="152" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I said jokingly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Может, ты кому-то &lt;strong&gt;здо́рово насолила&lt;/strong&gt;? Например, этому человеку, не пораженному пагубной страстью к роскошным автомобилям.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Somewhere along the way, I got used to using the adverb &quot;здо́рово&quot; like this as an &lt;em&gt;oxymoronic&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;em&gt;intensifier&lt;/em&gt; to qualify/emphasise a word with a negative sense like &quot;насолить&quot; –  in a similar fashion to English oxymorons such as &quot;pretty disgusting&quot; and &quot;terribly pleased&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have no qualms about having  the adverb &quot;здо́рово&quot; qualify a word with a positive sense, but I'm wondering if such &lt;em&gt;negative&lt;/em&gt; use of &quot;здо́рово&quot;, on the other hand, is considered slangish register-wise?  &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE#%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%CC%81%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt; [Wiki]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-01-02T22:00:50.017" LastActivityDate="2019-01-03T07:19:06.990" Title="Does the oxymoronic use of &quot;здо́рово&quot; sound slangish?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17879" CreationDate="2019-01-02T20:33:43.640" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;&quot;здорово&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; does not necessarily have a positive connotation. For example, it's quite possible to say to badly beaten man: &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Здорово тебе досталось!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. And it won't mean that the person is beaten deservedly, and won't mean that the fact he is beaten is a positive fact. It will only mean that the person is beaten enough &quot;qualitatively&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So the word &quot;great&quot; may be used to denote the degree of action, without any assessment on this action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an example, a real case from my life.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;When I was just starting to learn English, I heard the phrase of a girl from the US: &lt;strong&gt;&quot;I want it so bad!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. I asked her: &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Do you mean it's bad that you want it?&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. She laughed and said, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;No, it just means I want it SO BADLY!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. I later learned that &lt;strong&gt;&quot;bad&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't always mean &lt;strong&gt;&quot;not good&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; ;)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;With the word &lt;strong&gt;&quot;здорово&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; - a similar situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2019-01-02T20:53:43.293" LastActivityDate="2019-01-02T20:53:43.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17879" CreationDate="2019-01-02T22:22:25.913" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;здо́рово&lt;/strong&gt; is a well-known and widely used intensifier and as such is it can intensify both positive and negative words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Эта вода здорово укрепляет иммунитет.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Рубль того времени очень здорово рухнул.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он в какой-то пивной подрался, и ему здорово влепили в глаз.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Citations from &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruscorpora.ru/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ruscorpora.ru&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is very informal but not &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slang&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;slangy&lt;/a&gt; as it doesn't &quot;establish group identity&quot; or &quot;exclude outsiders.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-01-02T22:22:25.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17882" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17879" CreationDate="2019-01-03T07:19:06.990" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Зд&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;рово means not only &lt;strong&gt;хорошо&lt;/strong&gt;, like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LrZgUmrJqY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, but also &lt;strong&gt;очень&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;сильно&lt;/strong&gt;. In this meaning it may imply some kind of hidden gloat, but not necessarily. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't make up an oxymoron here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We use the adjective здоровый not only to denote health, but also to speak about big, huge size. &quot;здоровый кусок сахара&quot;, e.g.. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здор&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;вый дет&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;на is neither healthy, nor a child. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;strong&gt;здорово&lt;/strong&gt; means the scale of happenings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beware of style. This word is not tender, you can't say &quot;ты мне здорово нравишься&quot;. There you should use очень. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't say it is slangish. But it is colloquial. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-03T07:19:06.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17883" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-03T22:28:59.353" Score="4" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе не кажется, что этот продукт немного... ну не знаю. Перехваливают что ли?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conversation, in response to the above, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пожалуй, это лишь одно из немногих подходящих выражений...&lt;/strong&gt; В любом случае, вроде бы он рассматривает это, как вложение в будущее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here I wanted to express the idea of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Well, that's... one way to put it...&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; with a hint of understatement -- implying that it could just as well have been described with some other (less pleasant) expressions. I'm not sure if my phrasing sounds idiomatic enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is a commonly used phrasing for this in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-01-03T22:45:06.963" LastActivityDate="2019-01-04T00:44:50.927" Title="How to express &quot;that's one way to put it&quot; with a hint of understatement?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17883" CreationDate="2019-01-03T22:47:33.087" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this will work well in your situation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это ещё мягко сказано!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-01-03T22:47:33.087" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17883" CreationDate="2019-01-03T23:36:43.957" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say, &quot;да, можно и так выразиться&quot;.&#xA;In general, I don't think there are any strongly recommended expressions in this case. Your own phrase is fine, it just sounds too long to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11368" LastEditorUserId="11368" LastEditDate="2019-01-04T00:44:50.927" LastActivityDate="2019-01-04T00:44:50.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17886" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-04T03:17:13.757" Score="3" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если его за это &lt;strong&gt;понизят в ранге&lt;/strong&gt;, ему почти нечего будет сказать в свое оправдание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here I wanted to express the idea of getting demoted on the &lt;strong&gt;corporate&lt;/strong&gt; ladder, or more specifically, in the medical field. I'm wavering between &quot;ранг&quot; and &quot;звание&quot; -- when to use which:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если его за это &lt;strong&gt;понизят в звании&lt;/strong&gt;, ему почти нечего будет сказать в свое оправдание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-01-04T04:01:24.247" LastActivityDate="2019-01-04T05:16:40.493" Title="How to express &quot;getting promoted/demoted on the corporate ladder&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17887" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17886" CreationDate="2019-01-04T05:10:54.210" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term &lt;strong&gt;&quot;ранг&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is appropriate mainly for the military and some government officials.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The term &lt;strong&gt;&quot;звание&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is used more broadly, but is also limited in application.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In fact, each sphere has its own analogue of the term &lt;strong&gt;&quot;ранг&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. For medical professionals it's &lt;strong&gt;&quot;[медицинская] категория&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, to workers it's &lt;strong&gt;&quot;[квалификационный] разряд&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the term &lt;strong&gt;&quot;ранг&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; can be used in a figurative sense. In that case it can be attributed to a very wide range of applications. And in some cases, you can simply say &lt;strong&gt;&quot;положениие в [корпоративной] иерархии&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, do not forget about the term &lt;strong&gt;&quot;должность&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. This is not the same as &lt;strong&gt;&quot;ранг&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, because the relationship between &lt;strong&gt;&quot;ранг&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;занимаемая должность&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; in many areas is only indirect.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But sometimes &lt;strong&gt;&quot;должность&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; may be the most appropriate in the discussion about promotion/demotion on the corporate ladder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2019-01-04T05:16:40.493" LastActivityDate="2019-01-04T05:16:40.493" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17888" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17889" CreationDate="2019-01-04T16:43:00.973" Score="6" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am looking for a pronunciation of the word слезы (tears) and saw on forvo.com both spellings слезы and слёзы which are pronounced differently. Is the meaning the same in both cases and how/why do they differ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11369" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-04T17:04:28.033" LastActivityDate="2019-01-04T18:18:42.977" Title="Difference between &quot;слёзы&quot; and &quot;слезы&quot;?" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17888" CreationDate="2019-01-04T16:59:52.387" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are pronounced exactly the same way because it is exactly same word. The usage letter &quot;ё&quot; from the very beginning of its existence (it &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81_(%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;was&lt;/a&gt; introduced at the end of XVIII century) was quite controversial and almost never - obligatory. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That leads to this double spellings. In some cases it finally affected the way we pronounce some words (nobody's saying Рёрих nowadays, other very famous example is  &quot;свекла&quot;/&quot;cвёкла&quot;), but this never happened with &quot;слёзы&quot;, which obeys regular rules of pronouncing words with &quot;ё&quot; (&quot;йо&quot; at the beginning, palatalization of preceding consonant plus &quot;о&quot; anywhere else).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind though, that singular form, &quot;слеза&quot; is exactlу without &quot;ё&quot;, the same, for instance, with &quot;звезда&quot;/&quot;звёзды&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-04T17:05:40.493" LastActivityDate="2019-01-04T17:05:40.493" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17888" CreationDate="2019-01-04T17:22:18.110" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer can be traced through the question. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tgM5g.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tgM5g.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;It means, слез&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt; is the Genitive case singular, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and слёзы is the Nominative case plural. This word, as you can see from the previous answer, can be written without dots above е, but it retains the ё-pronunciation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-01-04T18:18:42.977" LastActivityDate="2019-01-04T18:18:42.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2722" CreationDate="2019-01-05T06:41:23.470" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мое мнение, что это выражение: &quot;Вострить лыжи&quot; каким-то образом пришло из польского языка, в котором лыжвы это коньки, а вострить это точить. Тогда все становится на свои места. Коньки необходимо затачивать периодически.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11370" LastActivityDate="2019-01-05T06:41:23.470" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17892" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-05T07:37:03.330" Score="1" ViewCount="103" Body="&lt;p&gt;I started wondering about long-established loanwords from the Spanish language. It's easy to find some lists of same, but not with dates of attribution. Here's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F/ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;great list&lt;/a&gt; from Wiktionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Had any Spanish words had been adopted into Russian before 1800? I wouldn't be too surprised if not; the majority appear to be more recent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="8359" LastEditDate="2019-01-05T07:54:52.700" LastActivityDate="2019-01-05T07:54:52.700" Title="Had any Spanish words been established in Russian by 1800?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2019-01-05T07:41:20.260" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17893" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-05T08:38:28.440" Score="1" ViewCount="494" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Это&lt;/strong&gt; мы пытаемся сказать, что доверяем тебе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just heard my girlfriend say this in conversation, and it seems she meant it as a rough equivalent of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;This&lt;/strong&gt; is our way of saying that we trust you&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;This&lt;/strong&gt; is our trying to say that we trust you&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the English sentences are anything to go by, the &lt;em&gt;emphatic&lt;/em&gt; &quot;это&quot; seems to qualify the rest of the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Это &lt;strong&gt;мы пытаемся сказать, что доверяем тебе&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is that I was always under the impression this type of &quot;это&quot; only emphasises one or two words immediately after it: &quot;Это &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt; ... [&lt;em&gt;It is &lt;strong&gt;me&lt;/strong&gt; who ...&lt;/em&gt;]&quot;, &quot;Это &lt;strong&gt;от него&lt;/strong&gt; ... [&lt;em&gt;It is &lt;strong&gt;from him&lt;/strong&gt; that ...&lt;/em&gt;]&quot; etc. To my mind, it corresponds to the emphatic construction &quot;It is X that Y&quot; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Это &lt;strong&gt;мы&lt;/strong&gt; пытаемся сказать, что доверяем тебе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I initially thought the &quot;это&quot; only emphasises the pronoun &quot;мы&quot; and interpreted what she said as: &quot;&lt;em&gt;It is &lt;strong&gt;us&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;not someone else&lt;/strong&gt;) who are trying to say ...&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-01-05T09:21:50.750" LastActivityDate="2019-01-05T10:44:41.963" Title="In the emphatic construction &quot;Это (мы ...)&quot;, which part of a sentence does &quot;это&quot; place emphasis on?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17893" CreationDate="2019-01-05T09:21:53.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The scope of the emphasis depends on the members which receive tonal stress. It could be &lt;strong&gt;мы&lt;/strong&gt; alone but it could just as much be the verb (&lt;strong&gt;сказать&lt;/strong&gt; and to a lesser extent &lt;strong&gt;доверяем&lt;/strong&gt; in your example) and in the latter case the emphasis i guess is perceived as being applied to the entire sentence, because the predicate is that much important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or it may be the case that the predicate comes under tonal emphasis automatically in a relaxed enunciation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the stressed &lt;strong&gt;мы&lt;/strong&gt; the intonation is &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;descending&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;\&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;in the stressed &lt;strong&gt;сказать - доверяем&lt;/strong&gt; it's &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;ascending&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;/&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;descending&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;code&gt;\&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-05T10:44:41.963" LastActivityDate="2019-01-05T10:44:41.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17895" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-06T02:10:25.467" Score="5" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Разве терять голову и быть в восторге от &lt;strong&gt;самого себя&lt;/strong&gt; – это как раз не значит поступить не по-взрослому?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes I find myself of two minds about the position of &quot;сам&quot; when it is  placed right next to &quot;себя&quot;. In terms of emphasis and style, how does my phrasing compare with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Разве терять голову и быть в восторге от &lt;strong&gt;себя самого&lt;/strong&gt; – это как раз не значит поступить не по-взрослому?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2019-02-05T04:05:36.070" Title="«от самого себя» vs «от себя самого»" Tags="&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17896" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-06T02:14:56.387" Score="3" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;Apologies for this basic question:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does 'детей' in 'сколько у тебя детей' appear in the gen. and not the nom. as in the usual у + gen. + nom. construction?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I wanted to ask this question as the preceding sentence read: 'у тебя есть дети' where the у + gen. + nom. seemed to work perfectly. Is it because &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(1) the 'existence' of the children is no longer in question;   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(2) that the noun [детей] must agree with the personal pronoun [тебе] in the genitive case; or   &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(3) because we're now asking about the quantity of children? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apologies, I just really want to know for sure. If anyone could explain exactly why it changes I'd be very grateful - thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11371" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-06T09:51:49.153" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T12:00:34.590" Title="Why is детей in the Gen. and not the Nom. in this у + Gen. + Nom. construction?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17897" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-06T02:52:26.637" Score="4" ViewCount="104" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Говорят, что это в самом деле были огромные медведи &lt;strong&gt;в два раза больше&lt;/strong&gt; любого человека!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Говорят, что это в самом деле были огромные медведи &lt;strong&gt;вдвое больше&lt;/strong&gt; любого человека!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm a bit fuzzy on when I should use &amp;quot;в два/три/etc раза&amp;quot; and when I should go for &amp;quot;вдвое/втрое/etc&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T19:24:56.917" Title="When to use «вдвое/втрое/etc» rather than «в два/три/etc раза»" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17895" CreationDate="2019-01-06T03:05:13.157" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Russian language there is an idiom &lt;strong&gt;&quot;себя любимого&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;&quot;beloved myself&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;&quot;beloved himself&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;). Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как же я при выборе кандидата на должность главы комиссии забуду себя любимого?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ты весь вечер говоришь только о себе любимом!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are talking about any narcissistic aspects, it makes sense to say &lt;strong&gt;&quot;себя самого&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, because this order of words is a reference to the phrase &lt;strong&gt;&quot;себя любимого&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Самого себя&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; on the contrary is associated with the standard Russian phrase &lt;strong&gt;&quot;От самого себя не убежишь&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;&quot;You can not escape from yourself&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;) and has a certain fatalistic connotation. Therefore, in this case, this word order is less appropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2019-01-06T03:11:59.980" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T03:11:59.980" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17897" CreationDate="2019-01-06T03:29:27.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«В два/три/etc раза»&lt;/strong&gt; is a more formal and neutral option:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Рост медведей этого вида в два-три раза превышает человеческий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;«Вдвое/втрое/etc»&lt;/strong&gt; has a greater emotional content, indicating the significance of the difference, and is more colloquial:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вчера такого медведя видел... Он вдвое, а может даже втрое больше любого человека!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T03:29:27.280" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17897" CreationDate="2019-01-06T03:45:10.347" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Собирательные числительные (вдвое, втрое, etc.) are a bit more colloquial but totally acceptable in everyday speech and in literature. &#xA;Both forms are correct and common. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main difference is that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;в X раз&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is not limited in the number of times, while собирательные числительные go from 2 to 10. You can say &quot;Акции компании за несколько лет выросли в цене в 12 раз&quot;, But you cannot say &quot;в двенадцатеро&quot;. In practice only &quot;вдвое и втрое&quot; is widely used, starting with &quot;вчетверо&quot; and up it's more likely to hear and read &quot;&lt;strong&gt;в X раз&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Much like in English you can say &lt;strong&gt;twice&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;thrice&lt;/strong&gt; (and the latter is rarely used) and that's it. After that you just use '&lt;strong&gt;X times&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, though you can say in some instances that something has doubled, tripled or quadrupled. Again, can only go to four. You of course can go with &lt;strong&gt;Xfold&lt;/strong&gt; as high as you want, but it's rarely used outside of articles and books and it's yet a different form. So realistically after 3 in English &quot;&lt;strong&gt;X times&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also the bears that are twice as large as human are extremely tiny ones. The truly huge ones are 6-8 times bigger. Kodiak and Kamchatka brown bears reach over 650 kilos and 3 meters in height :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="10749" LastEditDate="2019-01-06T19:24:56.917" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T19:24:56.917" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17896" CreationDate="2019-01-06T03:59:23.960" Score="4" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Сколько&quot; – as a word denoting the &lt;strong&gt;quantity&lt;/strong&gt; of something – takes a &lt;strong&gt;genitive&lt;/strong&gt; noun by default.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;An associated genitive noun (like &quot;детей&quot;) is often separated from &quot;сколько&quot; rather than being placed immediately following &quot;сколько&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In one of the simplest examples, &quot;How old are you?&quot; – while it is perfectly acceptable to place &quot;сколько&quot; and the associated genitive noun &quot;лет&quot; side by side:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А &lt;strong&gt;сколько&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;лет&lt;/strong&gt; тебе? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Separated&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;style&lt;/em&gt; – with some pronoun (тебе, у тебя, etc) interposed –  is more commonly used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А &lt;strong&gt;сколько&lt;/strong&gt; тебе &lt;strong&gt;лет&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сколько&lt;/strong&gt; тебе было &lt;strong&gt;лет&lt;/strong&gt;, когда умерла твоя мать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-01-06T09:58:55.047" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T09:58:55.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17902" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17903" CreationDate="2019-01-06T04:16:43.377" Score="3" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just came across this phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эти странные русские верят в то, во что никто не верит?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and I still can't figure out what's the function of &quot;во&quot; here. Can't I just say something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эти странные русские верят в то,  что никто не верит?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why are we using the proposing &quot;in&quot; twice? I'd really appreciate some insight into this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-01-06T05:21:59.437" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T08:21:04.630" Title="Function of «во» in «... верят в то, во что никто не верит»" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17902" CreationDate="2019-01-06T05:19:33.423" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эти странные русские верят &lt;strong&gt;в то&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;во что&lt;/strong&gt; никто не верит?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Main clause: &quot;... верят &lt;strong&gt;в то&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Relative clause: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;во что&lt;/strong&gt; ... не верит&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The two prepositions &quot;в&quot; and &quot;во&quot; are both necessary. Just because the main and relative clauses both have the same verb &quot;верить в(о) ...&quot;, it doesn't make the second preposition &quot;во&quot; redundant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For comparison's sake, I'd say, for instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;К тому&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;с кем&lt;/strong&gt; я веду переговоры, я внимательно присматриваюсь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Main clause: &quot;... присматриваюсь &lt;strong&gt;к тому&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Relative clause: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;с кем&lt;/strong&gt; ... веду переговоры&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's just that the &lt;em&gt;prepositional combination&lt;/em&gt; such as &quot;... &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt; тому, &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt; кем ...&quot; happens to be made up of the same prepositions in your example: &quot;... &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; то, &lt;strong&gt;во&lt;/strong&gt; что ...&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As another example with a similar structure, I'd say something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я сначала &lt;strong&gt;разберусь с тем&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;с чем&lt;/strong&gt; надо &lt;strong&gt;разобраться&lt;/strong&gt; в первую очередь. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-01-06T08:21:04.630" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T08:21:04.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17902" CreationDate="2019-01-06T07:19:41.237" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эти русские &lt;strong&gt;верят в то&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;во что&lt;/strong&gt; никто не &lt;strong&gt;верит&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is the verb верить twice, and each of them demands the same case and preposition usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не верю в то, что эти действия были необходимы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case the second clause relates not to верю, but to то. We can translate it as 'I do not believe in the idea, &lt;strong&gt;that&lt;/strong&gt; these actions were necessary'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, these are two different cases, but if you have heard the second type more often, you may be surprised that the first type exists. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, the verb верить can have a direct object in the Dative case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я верю тому же, чему и вы. (Я верю тому же, чему верите и вы, just&#xA;  верите is omitted)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я верю тому, что он говорит. (the second clause is&#xA;  related to тому) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У этих русских есть правила грамматики, которых ни у кого нет? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T07:19:41.237" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17896" CreationDate="2019-01-06T07:44:09.410" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here, сколько means quantity. Let's count. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1 год, 2 года, 3 года, 4 года, 5 лет, 6... лет  1 ребёнок, 2-4&#xA;  ребёнка, 5... детей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сколько лет, сколько детей - &lt;strong&gt;as in the biggest variant&lt;/strong&gt;. Don't pay attention that 21 - again год, just remember, that &lt;strong&gt;сколько&lt;/strong&gt; requires the same form as with 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same case is with the adverbs &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;мало&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;несколько&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Много людей, мало сил, несколько яблок. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У тебя есть несколько яблок? Мы сделаем пирог.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  У нас есть много&#xA;  друзей, и все они придут в гости.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  У меня мало сил к вечеру, сделаю&#xA;  работу завтра. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2019-01-06T12:00:34.590" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T12:00:34.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17897" CreationDate="2019-01-06T12:37:13.277" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you know the consrtuction with вдвое, втрое, use it in your speech. It sounds really natural and is closer to native speaking. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whereas there exists &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;двукратно больше, трёхкратно больше, четырёхкратно больше&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and that is really old-fashioned and can hardly be heard nowadays, but will be well-understood by Russian speakers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В два, три, четыре раза is more neutral. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T12:37:13.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17907" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17911" CreationDate="2019-01-06T18:03:19.210" Score="6" ViewCount="899" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm referring to constructions like полным-полна. They appear to be the same word, but different parts of speech, something like the French, &quot;comme ci, comme ca&quot;. What is the significance of this construction? Or am I &quot;seeing&quot; something that isn't there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-01-06T18:20:58.133" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T22:13:01.057" Title="What is meant by &quot;repeated&quot; words?" Tags="&lt;наречия&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17908" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17912" CreationDate="2019-01-06T18:10:13.890" Score="3" ViewCount="398" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would it be &quot;Innusha or Innush&lt;strong&gt;k&lt;/strong&gt;a?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On one hand, the diminutive of Katya is Katyusha. I am writing a poem to the tune of that song, likening her to the &quot;rocket launchers&quot; of the same name that won World War II for Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, I see words like korobush&lt;strong&gt;k&lt;/strong&gt;a.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When do you have diminutives with or without the &quot;k?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastEditorUserId="1347" LastEditDate="2019-01-07T19:12:59.433" LastActivityDate="2019-01-10T11:11:27.667" Title="What is the correct diminutive for Inna?" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17908" CreationDate="2019-01-06T18:16:02.237" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;нночка. Innochka. &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;ннушка is also possible. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Btw, to ask a person how to change their name correctly is a win-win strategy. )))))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-01-07T10:37:09.443" LastActivityDate="2019-01-07T10:37:09.443" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17907" CreationDate="2019-01-06T18:16:46.693" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;This means the highest degree of a quality denoted by an &lt;em&gt;adverb&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To use an awkward equivalent just for the sake of illustration &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;полным-полнО&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;full to the fullest&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;давным-давно&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;a very long time ago&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;черным-черно&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;pitch black&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;темным-темно&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;extremely/completely/totally dark&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-06T20:55:33.970" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T20:55:33.970" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17907" CreationDate="2019-01-06T20:31:48.633" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, all those phrases are idiomatic, and their list is restricted. &lt;strong&gt;Белым-бело&lt;/strong&gt; is about snow outdoors, &lt;strong&gt;темным-темно&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;черным-черно&lt;/strong&gt; are about the darkness in the night, or just in a dark place, &lt;strong&gt;полным-полно&lt;/strong&gt; has already been mentioned. Maybe, there exist something else, but it doesn't come to my mind. &lt;strong&gt;Светлым-светло&lt;/strong&gt;. These phrases are used as either &lt;strong&gt;adverbs&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;short adjectives&lt;/strong&gt; (you couldn't have said полным-полна коробушка if it were an adverb). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, you can duplicate most &lt;strong&gt;adjectives&lt;/strong&gt; following the pattern &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А рассвет приходит &lt;strong&gt;синий-синий&lt;/strong&gt;, в белых клочьях тумана. Он дует на Ёжика, и Ёжик шевелит иголками. — Спит… — шепчет рассвет... И начинает улыбаться. И чем шире он улыбается, тем светлее становится вокруг. (С.Козлов, &quot;Как Ёжик ходил встречать рассвет&quot;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, there exist numerous &lt;strong&gt;noun&lt;/strong&gt; phrases like that. They are written without a hyphen, mostly consist of epithets and look like &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дурак дураком&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Стоял дурак дураком и слушал means He was standing like a fool and listening. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-01-06T22:13:01.057" LastActivityDate="2019-01-06T22:13:01.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17908" CreationDate="2019-01-06T22:48:27.263" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've never heard &lt;strong&gt;Иннуша&lt;/strong&gt;, but it sounds totally natural to me and i wouldn't bat an eyelid hearing it for the first time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;When do you have diminutives with or without the &quot;k?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The stressed suffix &lt;strong&gt;-уша/юша/иша&lt;/strong&gt; i'd call &lt;em&gt;endearing&lt;/em&gt; rather than diminutive. Diminutive more often than not would be words having stressed &lt;strong&gt;-ушка/юшка/ишка&lt;/strong&gt; suffix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I.&lt;/strong&gt; So for &lt;strong&gt;Катя&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;endearing&lt;/em&gt; form is &lt;strong&gt;Катюша&lt;/strong&gt;, but &lt;em&gt;diminutive&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;КатюшКа&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Валя - ВалЮша - ВалЮшка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Ваня - ВанЮша - ВанЮшка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Андрей - АндрЮша - АндрЮшка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Ира - ИрИша - ИрИшка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Марина - МарИша - МарИшка&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;II.&lt;/strong&gt; However words suffixed with &lt;strong&gt;-ушка/юшка&lt;/strong&gt; in which stress falls not on the suffix but on the immediately preceding syllable do have &lt;em&gt;endearing&lt;/em&gt; connotation and not diminutive, e.g. &lt;strong&gt;бАтюшка, мАтушка, бАбушка, дЕдушка, тётушка, дЯдюшка, дЕвушка, сосЕдушка, Иннушка, Аннушка, Олюшка, Марьюшка, Глебушка, солОвушка, корОбушка, пОлюшко, нЕбушко, вОлюшка, голОвушка, зИмушка, сИлушка&lt;/strong&gt;, also &lt;strong&gt;сОлнушко&lt;/strong&gt; (dialectal variant of &lt;strong&gt;сОлнышко&lt;/strong&gt;).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shift in the stress within the words of the 1st group makes them also have endearing rather than diminutive connotation, e.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ВанЮшка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;dimin&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;ВАнюшка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;endear&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;АндрЮшка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;dimin&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;АндрЕюшка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;endear&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;КатЮшка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;dimin&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;КАтюшка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;endear&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The suffix-stress pattern in which the stress immediately precedes the suffix, as in the words of the 2nd group, seems to not be productive any longer, it's a marker of antiquated language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me it's obvious that the applicability of these suffixes depends on the morphology of the base word, but it's not easy to pin down and systematize their determinative morphological features.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Существительные с &lt;strong&gt;ударным суффиксом -ушк(а)&lt;/strong&gt; могут иметь&#xA;  уменьшительно-уничижительное значение: комнатушка, избушка,&#xA;  кладовушка, пивнушка. Слова этого типа относятся к женскому роду, в&#xA;  том числе и мотивированные словами мужского рода: зверь – зверюшка,&#xA;  амбар – амбарушка, сараюшка. &lt;strong&gt;Тип продуктивный.&lt;/strong&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;От этого типа следует отличать существительные &lt;strong&gt;с безударным суффиксом -ушк(а)/-юшк(а), -ушк(о) / -юшк(о)&lt;/strong&gt;, посредством которого образуются существительные со значением ласкательности: дедушка, дядюшка, вдовушка, женушка, зимушка; горюшко, морюшко, полюшко; pluralia tantum детушки,&#xA;  козлятушки. Сюда же относится суффикс -ушек: воробушек, соловушек (вариант соловушка), камушек, хлебушек (вариант хлебушко).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://dspace5.zcu.cz/bitstream/11025/24138/1/marchevkovadp.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ZDROBNĚLINY V RUŠTINĚ (Уменшительно-ласкательные суффиксы в русском языке)&lt;/a&gt;  by Josefína Marchevková, p. 28&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Тж. &lt;a href=&quot;https://tampub.uta.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/82246/gradu04805.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Суффиксы субъективной оценки в русском языке и в русской разговорной речи&quot;&lt;/a&gt; by Оути Пухакка, pp. 18, 19&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.narod.ru/380-432.html#420&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Русская грамматика §§ 420, 421&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-07T13:59:59.793" LastActivityDate="2019-01-07T13:59:59.793" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17914" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-07T20:46:44.223" Score="5" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I said jokingly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С молокососами нередко бывает &lt;strong&gt;куча&lt;/strong&gt; хлопот. Сдается мне, я постоянно убираю за ними... С тем же успехом я вполне мог бы вести дело совсем уж в одиночку!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{vs}: С молокососами нередко бывает &lt;strong&gt;уйма&lt;/strong&gt; хлопот.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering how they compare with one another in terms of nuance, usage, and register?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And does the dimunitive &amp;quot;кучка + gen.&amp;quot; completely lose the emphatic aspect of &amp;quot;куча + gen. /// &lt;em&gt;lots of&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;? I assume &amp;quot;кучка хлопот&amp;quot; sounds odd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-01-08T06:53:11.337" Title="When to use “куча” and when to use “уйма”?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17914" CreationDate="2019-01-07T20:56:39.383" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Куча&quot; is vulgar and colloquial, &quot;уйма&quot; is acceptable in a wider range of cases. A pupil can say to the teacher - &quot;Ну вы дали просто такую уйму задач, что мы вряд ли успеем за полтора часа&quot;. The same phrase with &quot;такую кучу задач&quot; is totally acceptable but by some teacher can be treated as too brusque and even rude.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A politician on an official meeting with some foreign delegation easily can say &quot;есть уйма областей в которых наши страны могли бы бы продолжать укреплять сотрудничество&quot;, the same with &quot;куча&quot; would be simply unacceptable by diplomatic  standards. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ironically, the word &lt;code&gt;уймища&lt;/code&gt; is also highly colloquial so it's interchangeable with &lt;code&gt;куча&lt;/code&gt; rather than with &lt;code&gt;уйма&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0#%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Other synonyms&lt;/a&gt; one can find here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also it worth to keep in mind that, unlike &quot;уйма&quot; which is an abstract concept from the very beginning, &quot;куча&quot; initially stood for a physical object - and it still means (apart from &quot;many&quot;) a pile. That said - whenever this connotation of something material is important, &quot;куча&quot; is de-facto used more often. One will more likely can exclaim - &quot;да тут просто куча грязных носков!&quot; - even if it's not literally a pile - it's sort of a pile, you know :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Кучка&quot; is indeed lacks the emphatic aspect and is very close to &quot;fistful&quot; (&lt;code&gt;пригоршня&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;горсть&lt;/code&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-07T21:12:16.863" LastActivityDate="2019-01-07T21:12:16.863" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17916" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-07T22:46:39.577" Score="9" ViewCount="331" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В холодильнике ничего не осталось (&lt;strong&gt;поесть&lt;/strong&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've recently took a national Russian proficiency test held in my country, and this comes from one of the grammar-related questions in the most advanced level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point of the question was whether to fill in the blank with a perfective or an imperfective verb. I sort of intuitively chose the perfective &amp;quot;поесть&amp;quot; instead of the imperfective &amp;quot;есть&amp;quot; or a few other trick choices, but I'm hard-pressed to explain the rationale for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this uncertainty comes from the fact that I'd use the imperfective &amp;quot;есть&amp;quot; in the following modified sentences, for instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если в холодильнике ничего не осталось, а &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt; все равно хочется, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Даже если в холодильнике ничего не осталось, блины можно &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt; без ничего.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, in a similarly structured phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне  ничего не осталось &lt;strong&gt;делать&lt;/strong&gt; {imperfective}, как ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-02-19T13:02:30.490" Title="Why use the perfective &quot;поесть&quot; here? – from a Russian proficiency test" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17916" CreationDate="2019-01-08T05:05:44.110" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is an expression &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Есть что-нибудь поесть?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is there anythign to eat?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As &quot;есть что-нибудь есть&quot; would sound like &quot;Ну как Ока?&quot; (try to pronounce quickly), the answer comes itself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first есть is the singular Present form of the verb быть (to be). And it is homophonous to the Infinitive есть to eat. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ничего не осталось есть&lt;/strong&gt; sounds really weird, because есть is durative, and we mean just enough food to take a meal. No durative verb is required here. And it is not quite clear, which есть stands here. But sounds like a mistake. Всё, что осталось, у нас есть, а чего не осталось, того нету. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Есть хочется&lt;/strong&gt; relates to the process of eating, it describes hunger. &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Есть нечего&lt;/strong&gt; is actually the same. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible to say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;а поесть-то и нечего&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, but it's not for your exam, I suppose. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-08T05:05:44.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17916" CreationDate="2019-01-08T06:37:06.293" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;With &lt;strong&gt;делать&lt;/strong&gt;, the imperfective means there are multiple things that potentially could be done over a span of time, but aren't an option, as in: &quot;there is nothing left to do (out of many things I could think of)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Polish, you could use perfective here as well, which would imply either that 1. completing the action would be a prerequisite to solve the situation, or 2. There is &lt;em&gt;the&lt;/em&gt; solution to the problem (I am not sure if it translates into Russian here).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With поесть, the perfective specifies a singular instance, as in: &quot;is there anything in the fridge for me to take a bite?&quot; This question doesn't assume that the fridge will nourish you for a month, but that you are only thinking about eating something now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8679" LastActivityDate="2019-01-08T06:37:06.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17914" CreationDate="2019-01-08T06:53:11.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say that &lt;strong&gt;куча&lt;/strong&gt; is a more widespread word nowadays. &lt;strong&gt;Тьма&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;уйма&lt;/strong&gt; sound better Russian as they reveal your vocabulary. And they are all colloquial. And even more colloquial is пр&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;тьма. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Куча - это много, кучка - это мало. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Какая-то кучка людей собралась на площади, и вы это называете народным восстанием?!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't put сдаётся here, as it sounds a bit outdated and demands another mood. По-моему would match better. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-08T06:53:11.337" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17920" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17921" CreationDate="2019-01-08T12:15:24.170" Score="2" ViewCount="184" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian national anthem describes Russia as, &quot;Одна ты на свете&quot; using the preposition на.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recently, I wrote a poem praising someone as &quot;Одна [ты] ___ XU,&quot; where &quot;XU&quot; refers to the University of X, and Google translate gave me в as the preposition in the blank.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is Google translate correct? Why would the preposition be в in one case and на in the other? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastActivityDate="2019-01-13T14:40:37.207" Title="Should I use на or в in the following context? How do I know which one?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17920" CreationDate="2019-01-08T12:40:35.837" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;When it comes to locations &amp;mdash; buildings, countries and territories (or the world, свет) &amp;mdash; certain nouns require &quot;на&quot; while most are used with &quot;в&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На работе - в университете&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На рынке - в магазине&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На лугу - в поле&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На площади - в сквере&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На кухне - в комнате&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На каникулах - в отпуске&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На Урале - в Сибири&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На Алтае - в Альпах&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some can be used with either: на свете - в целом свете, во дворе - на дворе, на Украине - в Украине, the latter pair being politically sensitive. &quot;В районе&quot; is the norm while &quot;на районе&quot; is low-class slang (often spelled &quot;на раёне&quot; to mock people who use it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;В&quot; is the regular one. &quot;На&quot; is regarded as an exception, although some regularities exist e.g. cities are always used with &quot;в&quot;, while islands require &quot;на&quot;: на острове Святой Елены, на Канарах, на Таити. For island countries, the choice may depend on whether you refer to the island (на Барбадосе) or the country (в Барбадосе).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, &quot;в университете&quot; is correct in this context. I would even say &quot;ты одна &lt;strong&gt;такая&lt;/strong&gt; в &lt;strong&gt;целом&lt;/strong&gt; университете&quot;. &quot;На университете&quot; would be &quot;on top of the university (building)&quot; or the low-class version of &quot;в университете&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Zalizniak's &lt;em&gt;Grammatical Dictionary of Russian&lt;/em&gt; &quot;на&quot; nouns are tagged with П&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(на).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-01-12T18:22:46.620" LastActivityDate="2019-01-12T18:22:46.620" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17920" CreationDate="2019-01-08T12:43:24.710" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In fact when emphasizing singularity or uniqueness (often by way of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metonymy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;metonymy&lt;/a&gt;) the idiomatic preposition is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which governs &lt;em&gt;Accusative case&lt;/em&gt; particularly when pronoun &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;весь&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is used but on only&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(такая) одна на весь свет&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;sup&gt;(metonymical use of &lt;em&gt;свет (мир)&lt;/em&gt; in a sense of &lt;em&gt;all the world's population&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;одна на весь университет&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;sup&gt;(metonymical use of &lt;em&gt;университет&lt;/em&gt; in a sense of &lt;em&gt;all the students&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;один на миллион&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ekhokavkaza.com/a/27308396.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Школа для незрячих – одна на страну&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other cases correct preposition depends on the noun denoting location and governs &lt;em&gt;Prepositional case&lt;/em&gt; instead, as exemplified in the lyrics of this &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/TE5Gv5FMLcA?t=109&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Soviet-pop song&lt;/a&gt; about motherland (a popular topic)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;одна ты &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; свете и &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; сердце одна&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-08T16:45:59.563" LastActivityDate="2019-01-08T16:45:59.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17923" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17920" CreationDate="2019-01-08T17:40:30.247" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In one case you are &lt;em&gt;on&lt;/em&gt; the earth, or на свете.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the other case, you are &lt;em&gt;at&lt;/em&gt; university, that is, with in its confines, not on top of a surface, so в is the better proposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastActivityDate="2019-01-08T17:40:30.247" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17924" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-09T04:46:18.827" Score="5" ViewCount="130" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты что, собираешься перебраться в деревню, &lt;strong&gt;подальше&lt;/strong&gt; от любопытных глаз?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{vs}: Ты что, собираешься перебраться в деревню, &lt;strong&gt;дальше&lt;/strong&gt; от любопытных глаз?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так засунь &lt;strong&gt;подальше&lt;/strong&gt; свои эмоции и решай насущные проблемы!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;{vs}: Так засунь &lt;strong&gt;дальше&lt;/strong&gt; свои эмоции и решай насущные проблемы!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I say something like the above in conversation, I seem to use &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;дальше&amp;quot; rather than &amp;quot;дальше&amp;quot; almost by default. There are some particular instances/phrasings where the use of &amp;quot;подальше&amp;quot; with understatement seems like a must choice and substituting &amp;quot;дальше&amp;quot; seems simply out of place, although a &lt;em&gt;standard&lt;/em&gt; comparative adjective/adverb can usually be swapped in at will, if you like, in place of their &amp;quot;по-&amp;quot; prefix-counterpart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering if there are other phrases like these where the use of a comparative adjective/adverb with the &amp;quot;по-&amp;quot; prefix is preferred almost by default.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-01-09T23:14:36.627" Title="Why does &quot;подальше&quot;, not &quot;дальше&quot;, seem like a choice by default in some phrasings?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17924" CreationDate="2019-01-09T05:32:17.720" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дальше&lt;/strong&gt; is farther or further. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Подальше&lt;/strong&gt; if far away. It is even farther than far. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the phrase &lt;strong&gt;засунь подальше&lt;/strong&gt; it is an euphemism, I would say, a set one, and &lt;strong&gt;дальше&lt;/strong&gt; here would mean sth like &lt;strong&gt;pass it further&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Куда подальше&lt;/strong&gt; is also an idiom. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Comp. &lt;strong&gt;передай дальше&lt;/strong&gt; - pass it to the next person in the row. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we say &lt;strong&gt;передай подальше&lt;/strong&gt;, it means с глаз долой. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бросай мяч дальше&lt;/strong&gt; - throw the ball to the next player. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бросай мяч подальше&lt;/strong&gt; - throw the ball as far as you can. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Беги дальше&lt;/strong&gt; - go on running. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Беги подальше&lt;/strong&gt; - run as far as you can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-09T05:32:17.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17924" CreationDate="2019-01-09T07:17:43.643" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Подальше&lt;/strong&gt; DOES NOT necessarily mean &amp;quot;very far&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;far away&amp;quot;, definitely doesn't mean &amp;quot;as far as you can&amp;quot; - that will be &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;как можно дальше&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;.&#xA;It can mean a) a bit farther b) far enough away c) Really far away (but that usually used figuratively).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Давай проедем подальше&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; does not mean let's drive as far as we&#xA;can, on the contrary it means &amp;quot;let's drive a little more (perhaps&#xA;looking for a parking spot and not quite ready to give up).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Отойди подальше&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; does not mean &amp;quot;get away as far as you can&amp;quot;, it&#xA;simply means &amp;quot;walk on a further&amp;quot;. If the intonation is threatening it CAN imply something like &amp;quot;get the hell away from me (or it will get ugly)&amp;quot;, but otherwise it's just a request to move a bit further. Plus if you really want to convey that you want them to move far away you'd say something like &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Отойди-ка от меня подальше, повторяться не буду.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Я бы так хотел уехать подальше отсюда&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; does indeed imply that you want to&#xA;get the hell away from here, as far as possible, however &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Я переехал&#xA;подальше от работы&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; simply means that you moved and now you live&#xA;farther from work than you used to. It can be just a bit farther.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically &lt;strong&gt;подальше&lt;/strong&gt; CAN mean &amp;quot;as far away as possible&amp;quot; (especially when used as a figure of speech, wishful thinking, etc.), but by far and large it just means &amp;quot;a bit further&amp;quot;. Same way &lt;strong&gt;поближе&lt;/strong&gt; just means &amp;quot;a bit closer&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;closer than that even&amp;quot;, it does not mean &amp;quot;as close as possible&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When using straight distance comparison between two things you сan for the most part use both forms, but &lt;strong&gt;подальше&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;поближе&lt;/strong&gt; is a bit more colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Её дом подальше моего&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is fine, But to me &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;eё дом ещё дальше моего&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; sounds better, less folksy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Подальше&lt;/strong&gt; means &amp;quot;farther&amp;quot;, while &lt;strong&gt;дальше&lt;/strong&gt; сan mean both &amp;quot;farther&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;further&amp;quot;.&#xA;You absolutely cannot say &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Да, я и подальше собираюсь этим заниматься!&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Он хочет в карьере пройти как можно подальше.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;. When you're not talking about some physical distance use &lt;strong&gt;дальше&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дальше&lt;/strong&gt; can also mean &amp;quot;go on&amp;quot; when asking someone to continue or simply &amp;quot;ok, let me continue/elaborate more&amp;quot; when you're about to continue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Так, значит продалжаю дальше, если никто не против&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can also mean &amp;quot;after that&amp;quot; -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;А дальше там такое началось, что я не выдержал и уехал домой&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Ну понял. А дальше?&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;Ok, got it, and then what?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Подальше&amp;quot; сan never be used in those cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If request to move something (or someone) farther or closer is repeated, you can say &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;подальше&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;поближе&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; the first time; but when you repeat it (needing more/less distance) you simply say &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;дальще/ближе&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;ещё дальше/ближе&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; or simply &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;eщё&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-01-09T15:44:54.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17924" CreationDate="2019-01-09T17:55:56.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Дальше means farther&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подальше means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a little farther&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;far enough (from the starting point)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the meaning of &quot;a little farther&quot; those words are synonyms and largely interchangeable. But in the meaning of &quot;far enough&quot; &quot;подальше&quot; is different from &quot;дальше&quot;. &quot;подальше от любопытных глаз&quot; and &quot;засунь подальше&quot; fall under this category. It does not mean that something or someone should be moved comparatively farther, and neither moved as far away as possible - only that it has to be moved far enough to satisfy some requirement (not to be seen etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2019-01-09T23:14:36.627" LastActivityDate="2019-01-09T23:14:36.627" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17928" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-09T23:54:01.583" Score="4" ViewCount="89" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm having difficulty in understanding the reason of using nominative in following phrase: &quot;Один наш постоялец видел...&quot;. I thought genitive would be the correct case, like in: &quot;Один наших постояльцев видел...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-10T00:02:05.933" LastActivityDate="2019-01-10T00:02:05.933" Title="Difference between &quot;один наш постоялец&quot; and &quot;один наших постояльцев&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17928" CreationDate="2019-01-09T23:59:31.907" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are missing &quot;из&quot; in phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Один из&lt;/strong&gt; наших постояльцев видел...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;corresponds to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;one of&lt;/strong&gt; our residents&quot;, while &quot;один наш постоялец&quot; is &quot;a resident of ours&quot;. The reason why you are confused is that &quot;один&quot; in the latter phrase is actually not supposed to be translated as &quot;one&quot; - in this usage it's actually quite close to indefinite article in English (check out this &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/16818/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD-as-an-equivalent-of-indefinite-article/16821&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-01-09T23:59:31.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17930" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17944" CreationDate="2019-01-10T00:13:56.663" Score="3" ViewCount="222" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been &quot;writing&quot; a Russian poem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a brief passage from the original English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What's the reason I am standing here is something I don't know. &lt;br&gt;&#xA;Inna leads me to a place where I don't want to go.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google translate gives me:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Почему я стою здесь - это то, чего я не знаю.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Инна ведет меня туда, куда я не хочу идти.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to change the second line to the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Почему я стою здесь - это то, [чего] я не знаю.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Инна ведет меня туда, куда идти не хочу.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to change &lt;strong&gt;&quot; куда я не хочу идти&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; to &lt;strong&gt;куда идти не хочу&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; to make &quot;не хочу&quot; rhyme with знаю. May I do this with the word order? In German, the infinitive verb must come at the end, but is this true in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastEditorUserId="1347" LastEditDate="2019-01-12T08:30:22.670" LastActivityDate="2019-01-12T16:52:38.613" Title="Do Russian infinitives need to be at the end of the sentence as is the case in German?" Tags="&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17931" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17933" CreationDate="2019-01-10T01:24:12.483" Score="4" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I jokingly said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она якобы слышала внутренний голос, который шепчет ей снова и снова. Я дал ей адрес хорошего врача! Да уж, время, что она провела в одиночестве, &lt;strong&gt;ее не пощадило&lt;/strong&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The expression &quot;X takes/took its toll on Y&quot; comes in handy to refer to an accumulating negative impact of some continuous activity or process on something that used to be in great condition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here I wanted to euphemistically express the idea of &quot;months of loneliness having made her lose her mind&quot;. I used &quot;не пощадило&quot; as a sort of litotes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't seem to find &quot;не пощадило&quot; among more than 10 different phrases offered by native Russian speakers as equivalents of &quot;X took its toll on Y&quot;, so I'm not sure if my phrasing got my meaning across. What are commonly used phrasings for this in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-01-10T01:48:36.107" LastActivityDate="2019-01-13T16:00:32.273" Title="How to express the euphemistic “X took its toll on Y” in Russian?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17931" CreationDate="2019-01-10T03:20:00.150" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To me, your phrase is perfectly fine. When I repeat it over and over, I feel some additional overtones like implications of somewhat harsh outcomes. Perhaps, hearing voices in one's head does qualify. In lighter situations I'd use &lt;em&gt;&quot;время[, что она провела в одиночестве,] не прошло бесследно&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11368" LastActivityDate="2019-01-10T03:20:00.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17931" CreationDate="2019-01-10T07:46:16.863" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your version sounds good enough. Another way of putting it is what &lt;em&gt;rg_software&lt;/em&gt; suggested with an added pronoun which i think makes it more idiomatic and underscores that the impact was personal and not general&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;не прошло для неё беccледно&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and its variant&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;не прошло для неё без последствий&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one is a bit milder and vaguer&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;не пошло ей на пользу&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-11T07:25:27.980" LastActivityDate="2019-01-11T07:25:27.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17908" CreationDate="2019-01-10T11:11:27.667" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it's suitable for your poem variant &quot;Иннуся&quot; is possible. I guess this variant may also be suitable for the song's tune. BTW ladies with this name are mostly Ok about this kind diminutive but it's personal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11350" LastActivityDate="2019-01-10T11:11:27.667" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17930" CreationDate="2019-01-10T14:44:37.303" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, (almost) everything is permitted in Russian. However, every word order is different from another. As the rule of the thumb, the last word is more important, so &quot;идти не хочу&quot; mostly emphasizes &quot;I don't want&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the process of &quot;writing poems&quot; in Russian has many more rules than just that. And the most important thing is probably never to use many short words as you do in English. In Russian this just sucks. So the first step in any translation from English into Russian is to omit everything which is not so important. For example, the first line could be reduced even upto something like &quot;Почему я стою здесь - не знаю&quot;. Next, one should never even try to rhyme two verbs with each other, or he will face the most severe prosecution by Russian Muses. And so on, and so on. Yet I feel it's enough on that matter, so let us not go into more gloomy details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD. And by special demand here is my full version:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почему я стою здесь? Не знаю,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Но идти никуда не хочу.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ничего, обойдёшь - и трамваи&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Объезжают мою каланчу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2019-01-11T06:54:19.083" LastActivityDate="2019-01-11T06:54:19.083" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17937" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17938" CreationDate="2019-01-10T17:40:48.323" Score="2" ViewCount="394" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the refrain or chorus of the Russian national anthem, there is a line that goes: &quot;Славься, Отечество наше свободное.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word for word, that might read (to me, at least), &quot;Glory to the fatherland, our freedom.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That doesn't quite make sense, even to me. A better translation might be, &quot;Glory to our fatherland, [which is] free.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My confusion arises from the fact that in English, adjectives (almost) always precede nouns. Is this true in Russian or not? That is, can the noun Отечество be followed by one or two adjectives instead of being preceded by them? Is it true that it's the word forms and declensions and not word order that determines the function of each word in a sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-10T17:48:04.077" LastActivityDate="2019-01-10T19:41:42.390" Title="How do you tell which noun an adjective is modifying?" Tags="&lt;word-order&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17937" CreationDate="2019-01-10T17:47:17.830" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your translation is incorrect, &quot;свободное&quot; is free, an adjective, not a noun, freedom, which is &quot;свобода&quot;. In modern Russian the majority of adjectives indeed precedes nouns, so one will say &quot;наше свободное отечество&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In poetry and lyrics, however, it's pretty acceptable to put adjective after noun - for the sake of rhyming and/or metrical foot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also bunch of phrases where adjective comes after the noun (or at least used alongside with &quot;normal&quot; form pretty widely) - like &lt;code&gt;вечер добрый&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;дубина стоеросовая&lt;/code&gt; etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other - extremely small and quite exotic - category of adjectives that usually are put after the noun - is one that contains indeclinable adjectives of foreign origin, like &quot;пиджаки беж&quot;. This is more of a curiosity actually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, I want stop your attention on following fact. Compare two sentences: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вася, смелый и ловкий, стукнул медведя по носу деревянной ложкой. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Смелый и ловкий Вася стукнул медведя по носу деревянной ложкой. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The order in first sentence sort of emphasize the fact that Vasya is brave and deft, while in the second sentence it's rather an established fact. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-10T18:11:35.973" LastActivityDate="2019-01-10T18:11:35.973" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17937" CreationDate="2019-01-10T18:42:33.150" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is easy. ))))) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just bear in mind, that &lt;strong&gt;a noun and its adjective always agree in gender, number and case&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отечество - neuter, singular, Nominative.  свободное - neuter,&#xA;  singular, Nominative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adjectives have endings &lt;strong&gt;-ый/ий(m), -ая/яя(f), -ое/ее(n), -ие/ые(pl)&lt;/strong&gt; in the Nominative case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are not nouns, except for several nouns derived from adjectives and used absolutely, like учительская (teachers' room in a school), ординаторская (doctors' room in a hospital), outdated мертвецкая (a room for corpses in a hospital), and several others, they do not change their gender, and they are found in dictionaries as nouns. Earlier they had a noun (for the three named words it was комната). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Flective languages have a relatively free word order, as inversion (when you verb nouns, etc.) is hardly possible with them. We have endings, which define: a part of speech, gender, number, case, person, plurality, tense. Prefices and endings define perfective verbs. One word contains enough grammatical information. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meanwhile, such languages as English, with neither cases nor genders, have no other possibility to retain logic in a sentence but putting words in a strict order. You recognize relations between words by their order, and we know that from endings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-01-10T19:41:42.390" LastActivityDate="2019-01-10T19:41:42.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17940" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-11T05:39:36.000" Score="3" ViewCount="311" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, if you say &quot;чтобы победить этот страх&quot;, it's quite likely that you also sometimes need to say &quot;I &lt;strong&gt;will&lt;/strong&gt; overcome&quot;, &quot;Я &lt;strong&gt;победить&lt;/strong&gt; этот страх&quot;. I think I have seen a few other verbs like this before but I can't remember.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-12T11:54:09.003" LastActivityDate="2019-01-18T16:51:21.877" Title="Why does the first person singular future of победить not exist?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;defective-verbs&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17940" CreationDate="2019-01-11T08:12:37.577" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;This particular problem affects most of the verbs in which &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[д]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; of the stem alternates with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[жд]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in their imperfective infinitive and past tense forms. These belong to a group of verbs called &lt;em&gt;defective verbs&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;verbs with deficient 1st person paradigm&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;по-/у-/разубеждать/л → по-/у-/разубежу&lt;/strong&gt; (?) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;под-/утверждать/л → под-/утвержу&lt;/strong&gt; (?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;учреждать/л → учрежу&lt;/strong&gt; (?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;на-/за-/ограждать/л → на-/за-/огражу&lt;/strong&gt; (?)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  but &lt;strong&gt;на-/огорожу&lt;/strong&gt; is OK since it derives from &lt;strong&gt;нагородить/огораживать&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;заблуждаться/лся → заблужусь&lt;/strong&gt; (?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;услаждать/л; наслаждаться/лся → услажу; наслажусь&lt;/strong&gt; (?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;воз-/пробуждать/л → воз-/пробужу&lt;/strong&gt; (?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;рас-/осуждать/л → рас-/осужу&lt;/strong&gt; (?)&#xA;  but &lt;strong&gt;отсужу&lt;/strong&gt; is OK since it's perceived as a derivative of &lt;strong&gt;отсуживать&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пред-/упреждать/л → пред-/упрежу&lt;/strong&gt; (?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;отчуждать/л → отчужу&lt;/strong&gt; (?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;утруждать/л, перетруждаться/лся → утружу, перетружусь&lt;/strong&gt; (?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;повреждать/л → поврежу&lt;/strong&gt; (?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;при-/понуждать → при-/понужу&lt;/strong&gt; (?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;угождать/л → угожу&lt;/strong&gt; (?)&#xA;  but is OK when perceived as a derivative of &lt;strong&gt;угодить&lt;/strong&gt; in the sense of &lt;code&gt;to end up in&lt;/code&gt; and not &lt;code&gt;to pander to&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;на-/до-/осаждать/л → до-/осажу&lt;/strong&gt; (?)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  but &lt;strong&gt;на-/о-/отсажу&lt;/strong&gt; are OK since they're perceived as derivatives of &lt;strong&gt;на-/о-/отсаживать&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;нарождаться/лся; воз-/порождать/л → нарожусь; воз-/порожу&lt;/strong&gt; (?)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  but &lt;strong&gt;рожу&lt;/strong&gt; is OK since it's perceived as a derivative of &lt;strong&gt;рожать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пере-/охлаждать(ся)/л(ся) → пере-/охлажу(сь)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;провожу, похожу&lt;/strong&gt; are OK since they derive from &lt;strong&gt;провожать&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;походить/похаживать&lt;/strong&gt; notwithstanding that in the nouns the alternation does occur - &lt;strong&gt;(сопро)вождение, (по)хождения&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;To &lt;strong&gt;ждать&lt;/strong&gt; for example it doesn't apply since both &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[ж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[д]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in it belong to the stem.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;нагромождать&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;пригвождать&lt;/strong&gt; don't belong in this list since they have &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[з]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in their stem (громозд, гвозд) which alternates with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[ж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the question is why the flexion of the 1st person sing. future tense is  perceived as not natural enough. Supposedly that's because in these verbs it defies certain phonetic principles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And worst of all is the fact that this deficiency precludes usage of such important verbs as &lt;strong&gt;пердеть&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;бздеть&lt;/strong&gt; to their full potential. &lt;em&gt;(a tasteless joke)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1st person sing. future tense form of verbs belonging to 2nd conjugation group in particular is fashioned in Russian according to &lt;strong&gt;the law of&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Proto-Slavic#Iotation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;iotation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (known in Russian philology as &lt;strong&gt;j-palatalization&lt;/strong&gt;) which originates in the Proto-Slavic language. This is when in order to append a flexion to a stem an articulation similar to that of phoneme &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[j]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is introduced as a kind of phonetic suffix ( &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[j]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[y]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; sound in the word &lt;strong&gt;yes&lt;/strong&gt; ) causing softening (palatalization) of an antecedent consonant.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In the case of conjugation in the 1st person sing. future tense it combined with the ending may in its modern form be represented as something like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[-ʲu]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Different consonants it affected differently. Some could coexist with it unaltered (mainly either those which were inherently soft historically or those which could naturally respond to softening), others due to being obstinately hard needed adjustment either by alternation with other consonants or by addition of an intermediate one susceptible to softening.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Alternation and accretion of phonemes located in the last position in the stem effected by &lt;strong&gt;iotation&lt;/strong&gt; becomes apparent when comparing the form of the 1st person sing. future tense to the perfective infinitive in verbs of 2nd conjugation group.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;E.g. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;посплю ← поспать, попью ← попить; побью ← побить, полюблю ← полюбить; разовью ← развить, удивлю ← удивить;  налью ← налить; покормлю ← покормить; скажу ← сказать; напишу ← написать; отвечу ← ответить; поплачу ← поплакать; угощу ← угостить; пригвозжу ← пригвоздить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Ч]ередования, исторически обусловленные &lt;strong&gt;«j-смягчением»&lt;/strong&gt; [...]&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;выступают в инфинитиве глаголов II спряжения, в 1 лице их настоящего /&#xA;  простого будущего времени&lt;/strong&gt;, а также в формах страдательных причастий&#xA;  прошедшего времени. Например: с // ш (украсить – украшу – украшенный,&#xA;  повесить – повешу – повешенный); з // ж (загрузить – загружу –&#xA;  загруженный; заморозить – заморожу – замороженный); д // ж (огородить&#xA;  – огорожу – огороженный; разбудить – разбужу – разбуженный); т // ч&#xA;  (раскрутить – раскручу –  раскрученный; б // бл (влюбиться – влюблюсь&#xA;  – влюблённый); п // пл (купить – куплю – купленный); м // мл (утомить&#xA;  – утомлю – утомлённый), в // вл (обновить – обновлю – обновленный) и&#xA;  др.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://archive.is/FA3WI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;МЕЖПРЕДМЕТНЫЕ СВЯЗИ ДИСЦИПЛИН ИСТОРИКО-ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОГО ЦИКЛА С КУРСОМ РУССКИЙ КАК ИНОСТРАННЫЙ&quot;&lt;/a&gt; by С. А. КОРОЛЕВИЧ, p. 3&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Результаты j-палатализации в современном русском языке закрепляются в&#xA;  следующих случаях слово- и формообразования&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– в формах 1 лица настоящего времени глаголов II спр. (учу ← *ukjon);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://archive.is/25bQD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА&quot;&lt;/a&gt; by Киржаева В.П., p. 22&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically under &lt;strong&gt;iotation&lt;/strong&gt; as it relates to Russian the final &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[д]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; phoneme in a stem present in all &lt;em&gt;defective verbs&lt;/em&gt; above would have two alternative incarnations &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[ж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[жд]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[ж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; was typical to Eastern Slavic languages whereas &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[жд]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to the Southern ones. Since Russian belongs to the former group linguists suggest that the 'southern' cluster &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[жд]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; prominent in all those &lt;em&gt;defective verbs&lt;/em&gt; was introduced under the influence of Church Slavonic which was a Southern Slavic language used for liturgical purposes and which affected standards of literary language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) &lt;strong&gt;ж//жд&lt;/strong&gt;: р͡ожать – ро͡ждать; звук &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[ж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; образовался в результате&#xA;  отвердения в 14 в. из &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[ж’]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;,который, в свою очередь, образовался из&#xA;  сочетания &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;*dj&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; в восточнославянской диалектной группе; &lt;strong&gt;сочетание&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[жд]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; образовалось из старославянского сложного звука &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[ж’д’]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, который, в свою очередь, образовался из сочетания &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;*dj&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; в южнославянской диалектной группе;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://studfiles.net/preview/3351737/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(south. slav.)&lt;/em&gt; [ж’д’]: *rodjati → ро[ж’д’]ати, &lt;em&gt;old slavonic&lt;/em&gt; рождати;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;↑&#xA;  *dj ↓&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;(east. slav.)&lt;/em&gt; [ж’]: *rodjati → ро[ж’]ати, &lt;em&gt;old russian&lt;/em&gt; рожати;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;в современном русском языке жд, чередующееся с д (исконное) и ж (восточнославянское), является старославянизмом (ср.: родить–рожать–&gt;рождать).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;source: Nizametdinova &quot;Historical grammar of Russian language&quot;, p. 42&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware how Ukrainian also being an Eastern Slavic language and having grown out of the same Old Russian as the modern Russian has, instead of alternation of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[д]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[жд]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; has ended up having it alternating with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[дж]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in the equivalents of the above-listed verbs which it has in its own vocabulary.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Whatever the reason is, this fact has significantly simplified &lt;strong&gt;iotation&lt;/strong&gt; of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[д]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in these verbs owing to which Ukrainian has no problem of their conjugation in 1st person sing. future tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;RUS&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;UKR&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;на-/за-/ограждать&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;на-/за-/огороджуваты - на-/за-/огороджу&lt;br&gt;&#xA;утверждать&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;с-/затвэрджуваты - с-/затвэрджу&lt;br&gt;&#xA;осуждать&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;о-/засуджуваты - о-/засуджу&lt;br&gt;&#xA;наслаждаться&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;насолоджуватыся - насолоджуся&lt;br&gt;&#xA;предупреждать&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;попэрэджуваты - попэрэджу&lt;br&gt;&#xA;угождать&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;догоджуваты - догоджу&lt;br&gt;&#xA;насаждать&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;насаджуваты - насаджу&lt;br&gt;&#xA;по-/возрождать&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;по-/видроджуваты - по-/видроджу&lt;br&gt;&#xA;про-/возбуждать&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;про-/збуджуваты - про-/збуджу &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Up next is figuring out how the stem &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[д]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; phoneme in these verbs should correctly behave under &lt;strong&gt;iotation&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In previous centuries the form &lt;a href=&quot;https://krylov.livejournal.com/2513589.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;побежду&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; was considered the norm, at least a literary one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;«Пространная Русская Грамматика» Николая Греча (второе издание, 1830 год)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/AzdVd.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;An excerpt from Suvorov's letter to Turchaninov&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/I7luj.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;«История Преображенского Полка» штабс-капитана Азначевского&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/R8Zw8.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But not only &lt;strong&gt;побежду&lt;/strong&gt; was in use. This was an acceptable paradigm for conjugation of other currently &lt;em&gt;defective verbs&lt;/em&gt; as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An author from the 19th century Pavsky considered this paradigm the norm as follows from his &lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/jDaGmD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Philological Observations on the makeup of the Russian language&quot;&lt;/a&gt; (1842)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kWzGb.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/h5C1Uf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;убѣжду&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in a 1843 translation of &quot;Robinson Crusoe&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/kXEcf.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/xNh1bu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;утвержду&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (1884)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gcKCJ.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/R9MerW&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;осужду&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (1785)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ViFyQ.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/r9M1sj&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;учрежду&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (1867)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/qdBmF.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://goo.gl/dnkkyX&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;огражду&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in a tradegy &quot;Antigona&quot; by Kapnist from 1813&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7yEFZ.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) If we derive the form of the 1st person singular future tense of all these verbs from their perfective infinitive which ends with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;-ить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;оградить, утвердить, победить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; etc.) we'll find out that in all of them &lt;strong&gt;Д&lt;/strong&gt; is softened by the following &lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt; and it must retain its softness in the conjugation of the 1st person singular future tense similarly to final stem consonants of verbs of the same infinitive paradigm    and conjugation (2nd) (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;отпилить - отпилю, починить - починю, подлечить - подлечу, закурить - закурю&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;). So we obtain &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;оградю, утвердю, победю&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; etc. Such combination as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;-дю&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; however is &lt;a href=&quot;http://archive.is/mlZeo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;very rare in Russian&lt;/a&gt; &lt;sub&gt;(apart from the native outdated stem &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;дюж - дюжий, дюже&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; etc., words such as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;гадюка, дядюшка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, those suffixed with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;-юк - сердюк, пиздюк&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, and loan words)&lt;/sub&gt; therefore its use as flexion is improbable. No other verbs have it either.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;a href=&quot;http://archive.is/QaySM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;survey&lt;/a&gt; conducted among school pupils and undergraduates revealed that only 18% and 2% of the respondents respectively would use &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;-дю&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ending in the verbs in question. They were more inclined to use &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;-жду&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ending, 35% and 10% respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) The clue about how &lt;strong&gt;Д&lt;/strong&gt; should behave under conjugation in the 1st person sing. future tense could have been given by such infinitives as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;при-/у-/за-/на-/пере-/вос-/превосходить(йти), увидеть, рессердить, при-/пере-/от-/за-/на-/проводить(вести), на-/про-/от-/выследить, на-/за-/пере-/подгадить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Four of these bases in the relevant form have flexion &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;-жу&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;рассержу, увижу, на-/про-/от-/выслежу, на-/за-/пере-/подгажу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;One base has &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;-ду&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;при-/у-/за-/на-/пере-/вз-/превзоЙДУ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;One base can have both - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;при-/пере-/от-/за-/навеДУ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and also &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;провожу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The results are inconclusive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Retention of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[д]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[-ду]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is likewise improbable in my view, because all verbs which do have &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[д]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in the flexion of the 1st person sing. future tense lack it in their perfective infinitive form in contrast to that of the &lt;em&gt;defective&lt;/em&gt; ones. Examples include &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;пойду ← пойти, приведу ← привести, побреду ← побрести, украду ← украсть, упаду ← упасть, сяду ← сесть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Neither do these verbs have cluster &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;[жд]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in their imperfective infinitive form, if any, unlike the defective ones do. Besides, perfective infinitives of these verbs belong to a conjugation group different from that which perfective infinitives of the &lt;em&gt;defective verbs&lt;/em&gt; belong to, namely 1st vs 2nd respectively, and so must be governed by somewhat different principles. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;to be continued&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-18T16:51:21.877" LastActivityDate="2019-01-18T16:51:21.877" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17943" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17950" CreationDate="2019-01-12T01:52:14.877" Score="8" ViewCount="176" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это все хорошо. Но ни к чему &lt;strong&gt;рассыпаться&lt;/strong&gt; из-за таких пустяков в благодарностях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тhis comes from one of the grammar-related questions in the most advanced level of the national Russian proficiency test that I've recently took in my country. The question was about whether to use the imperfective &quot;&lt;strong&gt;рассыпа́ться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or the perfective &quot;&lt;strong&gt;рассы́паться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, even if the difference in accent is only one syllable apart from one another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I chose the imperfective &quot;рассыпа́ться&quot;, drawing on the fact that in conversation I tend to use imperfective verbs in the case of &quot;незачем&quot;, but I'm not sure of the grammatical rationale for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T18:50:45.957" Title="What is the grammatical rationale for using the imperfective &quot;рассыпа́ться&quot; or the perfective &quot;рассы́паться&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17944" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17930" CreationDate="2019-01-12T06:19:00.457" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is to honor Elena's request to see what comes next, after the above. It's only two more lines of the final verse (of four) of the poem I call, Только Инны для (Only For Inna).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This product resulted from all the efforts above, and is a compendium of several comments. Thanks for all your help! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;English Version:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the reason I am standing here is something I don't know. &lt;br&gt;&#xA;Inna leads me to a place where I don't want to go. &lt;br&gt;&#xA;But somehow I will follow her to wherever she would go. &lt;br&gt;&#xA;Only for Inna. Only for Inna.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Russian Version:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему я стою здесь - пожалуй не знаю. &lt;br&gt;&#xA;Инна ведет меня туда, куда идти не хочу.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Каким-то образом я] буду следовать за ней, куда бы она ни пошла.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Только Инны для. Только Инны для.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Words in brackets are omitted (from the Google translate version) to fit the melody.] &lt;br&gt;&#xA;Here's the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6n5J0nAYUcw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;melody.&lt;/a&gt;(Vivre Pour Vivre)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastEditorUserId="1347" LastEditDate="2019-01-12T16:52:38.613" LastActivityDate="2019-01-12T16:52:38.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17945" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17943" CreationDate="2019-01-12T07:26:53.963" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case &lt;strong&gt;рассыпАться&lt;/strong&gt; is used figuratively as part of an idiom, and in this function it (to be on the safer side i won't say &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; but) &lt;em&gt;mostly&lt;/em&gt;  assumes imperfective aspect. Perfective aspect is applied to inanimate objects which can literally fall apart, get lose, spill.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if it were another verb alongside &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;ни к чему&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;незачем&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; i think they would be a good indication in favor of its imperfective aspect. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-12T20:28:45.600" LastActivityDate="2019-01-12T20:28:45.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17946" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-12T10:16:24.843" Score="3" ViewCount="133" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы не можем просто сидеть &lt;strong&gt;сложа&lt;/strong&gt; руки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the meaning of the expression -- &amp;quot;sit around, &lt;strong&gt;twiddling&lt;/strong&gt; thumbs&amp;quot;, or more literally, &amp;quot;sit around, &lt;strong&gt;folding&lt;/strong&gt; arms&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;sit around &lt;strong&gt;with folded&lt;/strong&gt; arms&amp;quot; -- &amp;quot;сложа&amp;quot; seems to function like an adverbial participle, whether it be present or past, as well as perfective or imperfective:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы не можем просто сидеть, &lt;strong&gt;сложив&lt;/strong&gt; руки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы не можем просто сидеть, &lt;strong&gt;сложивши&lt;/strong&gt; руки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы не можем просто сидеть, &lt;strong&gt;складывая&lt;/strong&gt; руки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... even though the third option doesn't sound right to me. I'm wondering if there are other expressions with a &lt;em&gt;peculiar&lt;/em&gt; verb form like &amp;quot;сложа&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-01-12T11:51:41.177" Title="Where does &quot;сложа&quot; come from in the expression &quot;сложа руки&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17946" CreationDate="2019-01-12T10:52:38.943" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In fact all alternative options are off since they deviate from the established phraseology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can't think of any other but there're &lt;a href=&quot;https://orfogrammka.ru/%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;other adverbial idioms&lt;/a&gt; which use this participle pattern and are still current, namely &lt;strong&gt;сломя голову, спустя рукава, положа руку на сердце, скрепя сердце&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would't call it peculiar, only outdated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still more or less acceptable but not necessarily in active use &lt;a href=&quot;http://scicenter.online/russkiy-yazyik-scicenter/175-formyi-deeprichastiy-97704.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;are&lt;/a&gt; (without limitation and with varying prefixes)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вспомня, встретя, заметя, наскуча, обнаружа, обратя, оставя, простя, разлюбя, расставя, увидя, услыша, направя, устроя&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-12T11:18:26.123" LastActivityDate="2019-01-12T11:18:26.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17946" CreationDate="2019-01-12T11:29:08.297" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Old-Russian language there were 4 past tenses. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the &lt;em&gt;participles ascend to verbs&lt;/em&gt;, past participles ascent to verbs in the past. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the &lt;em&gt;деепричастия ascend to participles&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the p&lt;em&gt;erfective деепричастия ascend to the verbs in the past&lt;/em&gt; via participles, and some of them inherit for verbs in one past tense, and others for them in the other. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The past tenses in Old-Russian were &lt;strong&gt;aorist, imperfect, perfect and plusquamperfect&lt;/strong&gt;. If you wish, you can find this information, but I believe, that is not what language learners need unless they are studying the history of Russian grammar. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have retained different деепричастия in our language, and you have just to learn their usage in set or patterned expressions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Складывая руки&lt;/strong&gt; means simultaneous actions. It is a present-tense деепричастие. Складывая руки на груди, она говорила. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сложа руки&lt;/strong&gt; is a set expression for being idle. Не могу сидеть сложа руки. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сложив руки&lt;/strong&gt; means a preceding action. Сложив руки крестообразно, он шагнул вперёд. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сложивши руки&lt;/strong&gt; sounds outdated and colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-12T11:51:41.177" LastActivityDate="2019-01-12T11:51:41.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17949" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17951" CreationDate="2019-01-12T19:37:31.333" Score="7" ViewCount="561" Body="&lt;p&gt;When studying I always come across words such as &lt;code&gt;apartment&lt;/code&gt;, when I search many dictionaries I sometimes get an exact translation &lt;code&gt;апартамент&lt;/code&gt;, but there is also another Russian word that has the exact same meaning, &lt;code&gt;квартира&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;What is the difference between them and what do I do during these cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-13T09:01:45.193" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T07:36:04.497" Title="&quot;Апартаменты&quot; or &quot;квартира&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17943" CreationDate="2019-01-12T20:08:25.473" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's just how Russian works. Certain negative constructs require an imperfective verb:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не надо&lt;/strong&gt; печалиться!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нельзя&lt;/strong&gt; падать духом!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не стоит&lt;/strong&gt; благодарить!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ни к чему&lt;/strong&gt; + infinitive and &lt;strong&gt;незачем&lt;/strong&gt; + infinitive are also examples of such constructs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Collectively they are called &lt;strong&gt;contexts/situations of mandatory imperfectivation&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ddaSCgAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA64&amp;amp;lpg=PA64&amp;amp;dq=%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=4pOVd7We-I&amp;amp;sig=l3tA7ifzTnxfOE2EbKSnQboZjNo&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwjpifiy-ujfAhUMRBUIHQQCAw4Q6AEwB3oECAQQAQ#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ситуация обязательной имперфективации&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-01-12T21:12:36.487" LastActivityDate="2019-01-12T21:12:36.487" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17949" CreationDate="2019-01-12T21:05:26.490" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Квартира&lt;/strong&gt; is a flat where you live. One or several rooms, usually with a kitchen and a bathroom, etc., and this apartment is situated in a block of flats. Квартира в многоквартирном доме. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Апартамент, апартаменты&lt;/strong&gt; is a kind of lodging to rent. We do not call our homes this word. Unless to make a phrase sound pompous or/and comical. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you come to visit another country and search for lodging, you will be most likely offered &lt;strong&gt;апартаменты&lt;/strong&gt;. And if you come to settle and make up your mind to purchase sth to live in, you will buy &lt;strong&gt;квартира&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the law, &lt;strong&gt;апартаменты&lt;/strong&gt; is an apartment in a building not meant for permanent accomodation, but equipped as a flat. Usually it is well-equipped and large. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But commonly, an &lt;strong&gt;апартаменты&lt;/strong&gt; you will be offered as a tourist can be a flat in a block, but with no permanent residents. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-12T21:05:26.490" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17949" CreationDate="2019-01-12T23:44:57.013" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;As &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/17951/11390&quot;&gt;Elena&lt;/a&gt; fully explained the difference between &lt;strong&gt;квартира&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;апартаменты&lt;/strong&gt;, to answer the second part of the question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;what do I do during these cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general one should be somewhat careful with &lt;em&gt;obviously&lt;/em&gt; loaned words - they are usually loaned for a reason - to denote a special case for what a general word already exists. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example consider a pair &lt;strong&gt;computer&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;компьютер&lt;/strong&gt; - it should not come as a surprise that Russian already has an exact original analogue to the verb &lt;strong&gt;compute&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;вычислять&lt;/strong&gt;, and a noun &lt;strong&gt;вычислитель&lt;/strong&gt; is very much an exact &lt;em&gt;translation&lt;/em&gt; of English &lt;strong&gt;computer&lt;/strong&gt;. Yet, since electronic computers were invented in the West, that foreign-sounding word was adopted to specifically denote that novel and foreign technology. (As everything in language, it was not sanctioned by a central authority) It would be incorrect to use the word &lt;strong&gt;компьютер&lt;/strong&gt; in relation to anything else, but &lt;em&gt;electronic&lt;/em&gt; computers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So when you have a few translation variants and one of them looks like a loaned word - most likely this variant denotes a special case, while there is a more general variant that covers way more meanings. In such situation a good modern dictionary is very nice to have. Another option would be to google the use of each variant in Russian texts to get an idea how they differ in usage. Event a simple search count can give you an idea of how widely this or that variant is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11390" LastActivityDate="2019-01-12T23:44:57.013" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17940" CreationDate="2019-01-13T12:45:35.383" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The short answer that any Russian speaker will instantly give you is that all potential forms - побежу, победю, побежду - just sound somewhat bad. They just cause a weird subconscious reaction in any native Russian speaker and somewhat disrupt the perception of the speech. Explaining the exact reasons why this happens would require going into detail of how subconscious perception by Russian speakers works in these cases. I will just make some simple obvious observations, not intending to show the full picture. Побежу creates an association with бежать and thus can be subconsciously interpreted as, ''I will run.'' Побежду has another problem: In analogy to ''ждать --&gt; подожду,'' it causes a subconscious perception that it is from беждать, a non-existing verb that makes no sense whatsoever. The issue is that in побеждать, по- is not a prefix, but a part of the root. Победю has a similar problem. I think that for these problems, people simply avoided using any of these forms, so these forms became very unusual simply because they were de facto almost not used. And I guess this was the reason to officially exclude these forms in grammar textbooks, as the grammar rules are supposed to correspond to how people actually speak. So now there is an additional reason not to use these forms - they are officially ungrammatical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, do not look for some deep philosophic mystery here, and simply use ''смогу победить.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-13T12:45:35.383" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17920" CreationDate="2019-01-13T14:40:37.207" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The correct forms are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) Ты одна на университет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ii) Ты одна в университете.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both variants have the same meaning, ''You are only one at the university,'' but there is a subtle difference in the flavour. Sentence (i) somewhat emphasises the ratio, i.e., 1 to 1000 or how many students study at this university. It is like a fraction: The person you are talking about is in the numerator, and the rest of the university is in the denominator. Since you put the person you are talking about to the numerator, you use the preposition ''на''. Sentence (ii) just neutrally conveys the information that the person you are talking about is unique, only one, so now the focus is entirely on the person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you say, ''У нас пять отличников на университет,'' you imply that very few students manage to get only the highest marks. And if you say, ''У нас пять отличников в университете,'' you just matter-of-factly convey the information that there are five students who have managed to get only the highest marks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Analogously, there is a subtle difference between ''ты одна на весь свет'' и ''ты одна на всем свете.'' They are analogous to sentences (i) and (ii), respectively, with the second sentence requiring ''на'' instead of ''в'' simply because the world is perceived to be a surface, the surface of our planet, and people are ON the surface, hence ''на.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In essence, ''на'' = ''on,'' and ''в'' = ''in,'' but non-native speakers need a lot of practice and experience in order to avoid mistakes in using Russian prepositions, as Russian is a highly idiomatic language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-13T14:40:37.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17931" CreationDate="2019-01-13T16:00:32.273" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say, ''Одиночество её подточило.'' This translation is short, idiomatic, properly emotional, and very Russian - it is perfect. Here, ''подточило'' figuratively means that the foundations of her mental strength have been undermined as a result of a slow continuous process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another excellent variant has already been given, ''Oдиночество не прошло для нее бесследно.'' Just note that here neither the negativeness of the effect nor its significance is said explicitly, so the reader is supposed to deduce it from the context. This translation is somewhat soft and basically only says there has been an effect. Or, to be exact, negates the notion that there has been no effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your variant is good, too, but there is one slightly illogical thing: The expression ''не пощадило'' implies that this was the normal, usual course of events (i.e., that the loneliness usually negatively affects the person), while ''да уж'' ехpresses some surprise or appreciation of something unusual. I would re-word your variant as follows, ''Да уж, как сильно одиночество ее не пощадило.'' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-13T16:00:32.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17848" CreationDate="2019-01-14T06:56:47.713" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is the first phrasing how native speakers commonly express this idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, the first phrasing is very Russian, but the punctuation is wrong. The reason is exactly the same as the one mentioned by you - the second clause is an affirmative statement, so it is weird to put a question mark after it. I would write as follows, ''Почему ты так спокоен? Ведь твой друг в опасности!'' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, ''ведь'' plays an important role. It signals that the second clause is the reason for asking the question. This word connects two clauses, making the text cohesive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Overall, the word ''ведь'' is pretty equivalent to the English phrase ''you know,'' which is often used even when the conversation partner actually does not know. There is even an etymological connection: ''ведь'' is etymologically related to ''видел'' (''I/you saw'') and ''ведать&quot; (&quot;to know&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the phrasing conveys the same idea and emotions as, ''Why are you so calm? You know, your friend is in danger!''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-14T06:56:47.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17957" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-15T04:01:54.013" Score="5" ViewCount="737" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm struggling to understand the difference between говорить/сказать and говорить/поговорить. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've been making notes from the Master Russian website, which lists говорить/сказать as meaning to say, tell, and говорить/поговорить as to speak, talk, say, tell, or, talk-for-a-while. I understand that говорить is the imperfective aspect and that сказать and поговорить are the perfective and that говорить, сказать and поговорить have their past tenses in говориbл, etc., сказал, etc., and поговори́л, etc. So my questions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) What's the difference between сказать and поговорить as the perfective aspects of говорить - especially in the past tense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and 2) How can поговорить as the perfective aspect of говорить suggest to talk-for-a-while when to talk-for-a-while seems far more process-orientated and, hence, imperfective than perfective? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's important to note that I'm aware that there exist a question on the difference between &lt;code&gt;сказать&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;поговорить&lt;/code&gt;. However, the answer that was given focused on &lt;code&gt;поговорить&lt;/code&gt; in the infinitive and not the past tense. I'd really like to understand how they differ from one another when conjugated. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11371" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-15T10:45:09.870" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T09:18:23.687" Title="&quot;Сказать&quot; and &quot;поговорить&quot; as perfective aspects of &quot;говорить&quot; in the past tense" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17957" CreationDate="2019-01-15T10:42:48.660" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, &lt;code&gt;сказать&lt;/code&gt; is &quot;to say&quot;, so &quot;скажи ему&quot; is identical to &quot;say to him&quot;. &lt;code&gt;Поговорить&lt;/code&gt; is actually not interchangeable with &lt;code&gt;сказать&lt;/code&gt; at all. One can say something &quot;Я скажу так - это не дело!&quot; but &quot;поговорить&quot; always answers to the question &quot;to whom?&quot; so even in phrase &quot;я поговорю&quot; the &quot;with whom&quot; part is omitted only because of context, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Когда ты уже поговоришь с сыном? Он совсем отбился от рук!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я поговорю [c ним]. Сегодня же и поговорю [с сыном].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Говорить&quot; is like speaking, talking, telling - and, as it comes with using English verbs with &quot;-ing&quot; it about an action that's happening right now or happens at the same moment with some other action - like in &quot;Вчера встретил друзей - они &lt;strong&gt;говорили&lt;/strong&gt; о политике&quot; - friends've been talking about politics when the narrator run into them. One can not say &quot;они поговорили о политике&quot; in this context however &quot;Так хорошо посидели с друзьями, &lt;strong&gt;поговорили&lt;/strong&gt; о политике&quot; &lt;code&gt;поговорили&lt;/code&gt; is not about the action that already happened, like in &quot;we've talks about politics&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-15T10:49:13.347" LastActivityDate="2019-01-15T10:49:13.347" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17959" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17964" CreationDate="2019-01-15T11:07:46.047" Score="3" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нода - это заимствование от слова node (узел). Из &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;викисловаря&lt;/a&gt;, узнал, что это слово женского рода. Используется в компьютерных приложениях для обозначения блока программы, который соединяется с другими нодами и образует сложную структуру:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7qrko.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7qrko.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так-же используется для обозначения компьютера в специфических сетях&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кое-что очевидно и используется повсеместно:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нодовый редактор&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ноды&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Группа нодов&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кое-что неочевидно, и примеров использования не найти. Например, каким образом склонять это слово, особенно во фразах:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Использовать активную нод(у)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выделенных нод(ов)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Цвет ноды(?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Добавить к ноде(у)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Точно ли это слово женского рода?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть варианты как с мужского рода:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Исправляем это недоразумение используя нод Hue/Saturation/Value.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pikabu.ru/story/vozmozhnosti_sovremennoy_kompyuternoy_grafiki_4291152&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://pikabu.ru/story/vozmozhnosti_sovremennoy_kompyuternoy_grafiki_4291152&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;так и женского:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нода Copy. Наследование трансформаций и атрибутов. Техника Copy&#xA;Stamping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://vfxlaboratory.ru/kurs/houdini-artist-101&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://vfxlaboratory.ru/kurs/houdini-artist-101&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8664" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-01-15T23:02:47.587" Title="Как склоняется слово &quot;Нод(а)&quot;" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17961" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-15T11:37:39.430" Score="4" ViewCount="115" Body="&lt;p&gt;The context: They were talking about a gate they couldn't open and pass through. But they weren't so eager to venture too deep into the forest to begin with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... но мы не особо-то &lt;strong&gt;сюда&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;рвались&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tend to use &quot;рваться&quot; with an infinitive or а preposition &quot;к/в&quot;, so I'd be tempted to place an additional verb between &quot;сюда&quot; and &quot;рваться&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this how native speakers commonly express the idea? And is there any other instance where the form &quot;рваться + adverb&quot; is used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-01-15T11:52:21.587" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T06:36:30.593" Title="Usage of &quot;рваться&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17961" CreationDate="2019-01-15T11:49:34.217" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;For the purposes of modern usage and disregarding the etymologies &lt;strong&gt;сюда&lt;/strong&gt; is a Locative case form of pronoun &lt;strong&gt;тут/здесь&lt;/strong&gt; and as such already includes prepositions of direction, which hence become redundant. Apropos &lt;strong&gt;hence&lt;/strong&gt;, an English equivalent which doesn't require prepositions, along with &lt;strong&gt;thence&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither infinitive is necessary. Expressions such as &lt;strong&gt;рваться домой / рваться обратно / вперёд / назад&lt;/strong&gt; are fully idiomatic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A higher register synonym of &lt;strong&gt;рваться&lt;/strong&gt; in this sense is &lt;strong&gt;стремиться&lt;/strong&gt;, which nevertheless isn't always a viable alternative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-15T16:58:41.140" LastActivityDate="2019-01-15T16:58:41.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17959" CreationDate="2019-01-15T12:05:04.283" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово &quot;нода&quot; было заимствовано относительно недавно, так что я не думаю, что есть какой-то стандарт его употребления. Не могу сказать ничего про мужской род - сколько ни работаю в ИТ, видел только употребления в женском роде. Например, вопрос на ruSO (первое, что в гугле попалось): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.stackoverflow.com/q/683396/180398&quot;&gt;Jenkins — два билда на одной ноде&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Возможно ли в Jenkins делать два билда одного одинакового проекта на одной ноде одновременно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2019-01-15T12:05:04.283" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17959" CreationDate="2019-01-15T14:29:52.833" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вариативность по роду - довольно распространенное явление, особенно среди заимствованных слов: компонент/компонента, метод/метода, вольер/вольера и др.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какой бы род вы ни выбрали, старайтесь придерживаться его, хотя бы в рамках одного документа, т.е. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;либо один нод, 2 нода, 5 нодов,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;либо одна нода, 2 ноды, 5 нод.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А еще есть вполне годное русское слово &lt;strong&gt;узел&lt;/strong&gt;, у которого нет проблем с родом и склонением.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-01-15T23:02:47.587" LastActivityDate="2019-01-15T23:02:47.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17957" CreationDate="2019-01-15T14:37:08.170" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Говорить &amp;mdash; to speak, to talk&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сказать &amp;mdash; to say, to tell&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поговорить &amp;mdash; to have a chat, to talk for a while&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-01-17T09:18:23.687" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T09:18:23.687" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17957" CreationDate="2019-01-15T14:52:30.177" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) What's the difference between сказать and поговорить as the&#xA;  perfective aspects of говорить - especially in the past tense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он сказал ей что-то = He (has) told her something. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он поговорил с ней = He (has) had a conversation with her. The conversation is over and in the past. The sentence implies, but not definitely means, that he was the initiator of the conversation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он поговорил минут пять и замолк = He (has) continuously talked for five minutes or so and stopped. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these translations, the choice between Past Simple and Past Perfect in the English variant is dictated by the context. Do not automatically translate all Russian perfect forms by using English perfect forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) How can поговорить as the perfective aspect of говорить suggest to&#xA;  talk-for-a-while when to talk-for-a-while seems far more&#xA;  process-orientated and, hence, imperfective than perfective?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine you decide to have a conversation with someone on a certain topic, e.g., to explain her that she needs to change her behavior, and once you accomplish your mission, you can say to a third person, ''Я поговорил с ней об этом'' - ''I have talked with her about it.'' This means that you not only have told her she needs to change her behavior, but also have given her an opportunity to respond, ask questions, express her view, etc. This also means that the conversation is over. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the word ''поговорить'' is rather result-oriented and at the same time is about talking for a while. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastEditorUserId="11395" LastEditDate="2019-01-16T02:47:58.130" LastActivityDate="2019-01-16T02:47:58.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17967" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17968" CreationDate="2019-01-15T18:47:24.643" Score="1" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was given this to translate in Russian: &quot;Really? Aren’t they playing on Tuesday?&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I translated it: &quot;Правда? Они не играют не во вторник&quot;. ( I did this still without fully understand how to write aren’t )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct answer was: &quot;Правда, &lt;em&gt;разве&lt;/em&gt; они играют не во вторник?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разве is translated to ‘really’, what is it really expressing? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-16T16:52:48.527" LastActivityDate="2019-01-16T16:52:48.527" Title="How do I express “aren’t”?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17968" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17967" CreationDate="2019-01-15T19:13:22.983" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Aren't&quot; is English-specific and doesn't have a direct translation. Start with a plain positive sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Они &lt;strong&gt;играют&lt;/strong&gt; во вторник. - They &lt;strong&gt;are playing&lt;/strong&gt; on Tuesday.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To turn it into a question, simply add a question mark at the end:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Они играют во вторник? - Are they playing on Tuesday?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make it negative, add &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; to the verb:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Они &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; играют во вторник? &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the Russian part sounds more like asking for a confirmation, 'Is it true that they are &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; playing on Tuesday?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is where &lt;strong&gt;разве&lt;/strong&gt; comes in. It expresses disbelief implied by the English &quot;Aren't&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Разве&lt;/strong&gt; они не играют во вторник? - &lt;strong&gt;Aren't&lt;/strong&gt; they playing on Tuesday?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Правда?&lt;/strong&gt; translates to &lt;strong&gt;Really?&lt;/strong&gt; and expresses surprise:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Правда?&lt;/strong&gt; Разве они не играют во вторник? - &lt;strong&gt;Really?&lt;/strong&gt; Aren't they playing on Tuesday?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. &quot;Aren’t they playing on Tuesday?&quot; can be read in multiple ways, depending on where you put emphasis. In Russian, this would affect the placement of &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; (along with emphasis and a rising tone on the word following &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Aren’t they &lt;em&gt;playing&lt;/em&gt; on Tuesday? - Разве они &lt;strong&gt;не играют&lt;/strong&gt; во вторник?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Aren’t they playing on &lt;em&gt;Tuesday&lt;/em&gt;? - Разве они играют &lt;strong&gt;не во вторник&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Aren’t &lt;em&gt;they&lt;/em&gt; playing on Tuesday? - Разве &lt;strong&gt;не они&lt;/strong&gt; играют во вторник?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-01-15T23:17:55.240" LastActivityDate="2019-01-15T23:17:55.240" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17967" CreationDate="2019-01-15T19:37:58.467" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Разве они не играют во вторник?&lt;/strong&gt; is the correct variant. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Really&lt;/strong&gt; is literally &lt;strong&gt;реально, на самом деле, в самом деле&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Разве&lt;/strong&gt; is a particle expressing doubt. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, it can be used as a conjunction translated as &lt;strong&gt;but for, except&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не люблю яблок, разве только антоновку.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not like apples except &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonovka&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;antonovka&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-01-15T20:02:24.073" LastActivityDate="2019-01-15T20:02:24.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17967" CreationDate="2019-01-16T02:22:05.583" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I was given this to translate in russian: really? Aren’t they playing&#xA;  on Tuesday?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I translated it: правда? Они не играют не во вторник( i did this still&#xA;  without fully understand how to write aren’t )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The correct answer was: правда, Разве они играют не во вторни&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter variant is excellent, but the correct punctuation is: Правда? Разве они не играют во вторник?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your translation (''правда? Они не играют не во вторник?'') has a double negation and thus means the following: ''Really? It is not on Tuesday that they are not playing, right?''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is what happens if you remove the first or second ''не'':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правда? Они играют не во вторник? = Really? It is not on Tuesday that they are playing, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правда? Они не играют во вторник? = Really? They are not playing on Tuesday, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Разве is translated to ‘really’, what is it really expressing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, people often translate ''разве'' to ''really,'' yet the actual meaning is different, but in many contexts the difference in the meanings is so unimportant that it is not a bad idea to translate ''разве'' to ''really'' to keep the translation as short and simple as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exact meaning of ''разве'' in closed questions (i.e., yes-no questions) is to convey the information that the speaker  (i.e., the person who asks the question) thinks or has strong reasons to assume that the correct answer is to negate the statement composing the question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разве они не играют во вторник? = I think they are playing on Tuesday. Are they not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разве они играют во вторник? = I think they are not playing on Tuesday. Are they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я хочу поехать в Японию, но разве мне дадут визу? = I want to visit Japan, but I think they won't give me a visa (if I apply). Or will they? (The question sounds pretty hopeless.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;''Я приглашаю тебя на свидание.'' ''Прекрати, разве ты не женат?'' = ''Let's have a date.'' ''Stop it. Aren't you married?''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-16T02:22:05.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17737" CreationDate="2019-01-17T01:37:42.660" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;When used for cursing it can be shortened almost to nothing: &quot;[Да] чтоб ты!&quot; which is shortened form of &quot;[Да] чтоб ты [сдох | света белого не видел | жил на одну зарплату | ...]!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some variants of the omitted sentence parts for your examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; ты управляла лодкой? Еще чего! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[You want me to agree] &lt;strong&gt;that&lt;/strong&gt; you'll control the boat? No way!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[You want me to believe] &lt;strong&gt;that&lt;/strong&gt; you'd controlled the boat? No way!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я знал, что он честолюбец, но &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; настолько...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I knew he was a status seeker, but [did not expect] &lt;strong&gt;that&lt;/strong&gt; [he's] so [...].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3502" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T01:37:42.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17972" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17737" CreationDate="2019-01-17T02:54:55.307" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All in all, how (else) do native speakers use these incomplete &quot;чтобы&quot;&#xA;  clauses?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это он сделал. &lt;strong&gt;Чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; мне под землю провалиться! = It is him who did it. I swear I am telling the truth. Literally: May I fall to below ground (if I am lying).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему еще не готово? &lt;strong&gt;Чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; к завтра работу закончил! = Why is it not ready? Finish the work by tomorrow!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не то &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; он такой злодей внутри, он лишь цинично действует в своих интересах. = It is not that he is such a badass in his soul - he just cynically does what is in his interests.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну у него и дворец! &lt;strong&gt;Чтоб&lt;/strong&gt; я так жил! = What a palace of his! I wish I had the same lifestyle. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да &lt;strong&gt;чтоб&lt;/strong&gt; тебя! = Damn you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; всё у тебя было хорошо! = May you do well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T02:54:55.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17949" CreationDate="2019-01-17T06:18:17.817" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Квартира&lt;/em&gt; is the word to be used in most cases. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Аппартаменты&lt;/em&gt; (usually PLURAL) as slightly archaic is used to denote reception rooms in palaces, luxury suites, etc. So it's usually not used for modern flats in modern homes. But could be used in hotel room descriptions and ads, often luxury ones. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it must be mentioned that this term is CURRENTLY becoming popular for some new kind of real estate in modern market. The previous answers and comments were mentioning some law, but in fact THERE IS NO HOUSING LAW where this term is described (housing laws describe only the term КВАРТИРА, but not АППАРТАМЕНТЫ), so it's legally as it was mentioned here is regarded as commercial property (partly, because of that LACK OF DESCRIPTION IN THE LAW). The only legal document I've found is classification of tourist accomodations (where &lt;em&gt;аппартамент&lt;/em&gt; as type of accomodation is used, but only in hotel/hospitality contexts).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's good to use &lt;em&gt;квартира&lt;/em&gt;. Since &lt;em&gt;аппартаменты&lt;/em&gt; in this new sense is not quite described it's better to avoid using it in modern contexts (it's just a new DEVELOPPERS' term I would say). But &lt;em&gt;аппартаменты&lt;/em&gt; sounds good in literature texts where palaces, luxury rooms are described. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastEditorUserId="10247" LastEditDate="2019-01-17T07:36:04.497" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T07:36:04.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17961" CreationDate="2019-01-17T06:36:30.593" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's used with both prepositions and adverbs. Quite often with prepositions in sports, fighting, warfare, competition contexts. Cf, рвётся в бой (in a fight), рвётся к воротам (in football) - sometimes literal, sometimes metaphorical. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since this word implies somewhat intensive emotion (long, want, yearn) it MAY suggest lower register sometimes, depending on the context. But may express some strong feeling in neutral or higher styles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One should just be more cautious with any words denoting strong, intenstive feelings, this word being no exception. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T06:36:30.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17943" CreationDate="2019-01-17T07:05:16.540" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you could hold in mind the formula: Ни к чему &lt;strong&gt;ДЕЛАТЬ&lt;/strong&gt; это. Always imperfective. Hence &lt;strong&gt;рассыпАться&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T07:05:16.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17976" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17978" CreationDate="2019-01-17T14:13:12.007" Score="6" ViewCount="420" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian is there a difference between папа and отец? If there is, is it like Dad vs Daddy in English? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9762" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-18T10:50:27.727" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T04:27:40.947" Title="Difference between &quot;папа&quot; and &quot;отец&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17976" CreationDate="2019-01-17T14:24:51.863" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is like dad and father. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Daddy is папочка. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T14:24:51.863" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17976" CreationDate="2019-01-17T14:27:29.950" Score="13" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In Russian is there a difference between папа and отец? If there is,&#xA;  is it like Dad vs Daddy in English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, there is, and no, it is not like Dad vs Daddy. ''Отец'' is a formal, official word and is like ''father.'' ''Папа'' is how children actually address their father at home and is like ''dad.'' ''Daddy'' is ''папочка,'' ''папусик,'' ''папуля,'' etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T14:27:29.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17943" CreationDate="2019-01-17T18:50:45.957" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am surprised that such questions are given in tests for non-native speakers, because a slight modification of your original phrase can easily change the correct choice between рассы́паться and рассыпа́ться, and I think that only native speakers can confidently handle this. Let me demonstrate that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's first define the context: Person X was helped a bit by Person Y and then excessively expressed his gratitude. The expression of gratitude is over.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Person Y says your original phrase, ''Ни к чему рассыпа́ться из-за таких пустяков в благодарностях.'' Here, рассы́паться would sound very weird, while рассыпа́ться sounds perfect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Person Y adds, ''K чему ты рассы́пался из-за таких пустяков в благодарностях?'' Here the situation is opposite: рассы́пался sounds perfect, while рассыпа́лся - rather weird, in the circumstances, although not entirely unacceptable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A day later, Person Y tells Person Z about what happened, and adds, ''Я знал, что он немного странный, но чтоб ни к чему из-за таких пустяков рассы́паться в благодарностях...'' Here both рассы́паться and рассыпа́ться sound perfect. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess the above examples are very confusing to non-native speakers, but native speakers easily make the right choices - they just know how to say right. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you cannot easily make choices in such phrases, considering the exact meanings of the verbs may help make the right choice. Рассы́паться is about a completed action considered as a whole. It is a result-oriented verb. Рассыпа́ться is about a process, a habit, or general concept. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Accordingly, here are the exact meanings of the above phrases (in the context given above):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ни к чему рассыпа́ться из-за таких пустяков в благодарностях = There is no reason to express your gratitude for such minor things, in general. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;K чему ты рассы́пался из-за таких пустяков в благодарностях? = Why did you express your gratitude so strongly for such minor things? The question is about the completed action as a whole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я знал, что он немного странный, но чтоб так ни к чему рассыпа́ться/рассы́паться в благодарностях по таким пустякам... = I knew he is somewhat weird, but (I did not expect him) to express gratitude so strongly for such minor things for no real reason... Here, the choice between рассыпа́ться and рассы́паться slightly affects the flavour. With рассы́паться, the focus is rather on the very fact of expressing the gratitude so excessively. With the рассыпа́ться, the focus is rather on the process, e.g., on the exact way how the gratitude was expressed or on what Person X could think during the process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the only really reliable way to get able to make the right choices in such phrases is to simply get a lot of experience with colloquial and idiomatic Russian phrases. Then your subconscious associative thinking will tell you the right choice - just how it works for native speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-17T18:50:45.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17980" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17981" CreationDate="2019-01-18T05:46:27.097" Score="4" ViewCount="525" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today I learned that the &quot;standard&quot; Russian translation of &quot;I lost my ticket is Я потерял &lt;strong&gt;свой&lt;/strong&gt; билет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why would you use свой instead of мой?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that свой can refer to &quot;one's own.&quot; Coupled with Я, one's own could be &quot;my own.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But can one also use the more direct мой? Or is свой preferred for some reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastActivityDate="2019-01-31T10:23:40.137" Title="Why would one use &quot;свой&quot; instead of a more direct word in the following context?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-01-18T10:46:39.093" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17980" CreationDate="2019-01-18T06:47:37.460" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian we do not use possessive pronouns when they are implied by other words or the context. There is no need saying that the ticket I lost was mine, unless I have lost your ticket. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, we can simply say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я потеряла билет. - I have lost my ticket. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я приду с мужем/другом/коллегой. - I will come with my&#xA;  husband/friend/colleague. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она разговаривала с сестрой. - She was speaking with her sister. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я помою руки. - I will wash my hands. (Whose hands shall I wash? There is no need stating that unless I decide to wash somebody else's hands) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it is still unclear, whose ticket, colleauge or sister it is, we can use the universal reflexive possessive pronoun свой. It stands for мой, твой, их, ваш, наш, etc., but is reflexive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я потеряла свой билет. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я приду со своим коллегой. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она разговаривала со своей сестрой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English you just don't have such a short and convenient word which substitutes for all the possessive pronouns at once. That's why it is translated as a phrase. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We do not use свой in certain situations. E.g., when introducing sth or sb: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Это мой сын. &#xA;Это моя работа. &#xA;Вот наш дом.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say, that we can hardly use свой in the Nominative case, as it usually refers to the objects of a sentence, and objects require objective cases (all the rest but Nominative). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes &lt;strong&gt;свой&lt;/strong&gt; stands for &lt;strong&gt;own&lt;/strong&gt;. And in this meaning it can be used in the Nominative case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;У них свой дом.&lt;/strong&gt; - They have their own house (they do not live in a block or share a house with anybody). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that in English the possessive pronouns everywhere just spell the articles, that's why they are used in such sentences as &quot;He came with his wife&quot;. Otherwise you should say &quot;He came with the wife&quot; which would sound less polite or clear, maybe? In Russian there are no articles, which simplifies the situation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-01-31T10:23:40.137" LastActivityDate="2019-01-31T10:23:40.137" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17982" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17980" CreationDate="2019-01-18T09:43:22.230" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But can one also use the more direct мой?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, one can. It will sound okay and definitely won't be a mistake, although the Russian speakers prefer to say ''свой билет'' or simply ''билет.'' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Or is свой preferred for some reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is, but the reason is not really strong. It is related to how the Russian speakers subconsciously perceive speech. With ''свой,'' the sentence is perceived slightly more naturally and smoothly. This is just how the mind of a Russian speaker is wired. ''Свой'' emphasises the ownership, while ''мой'' just redundantly points to the owner - it is obvious anyway whose ticket it is. If it were not clear from the context whose ticket it is, you would have to say ''мой.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-18T09:43:22.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17983" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-18T17:31:20.610" Score="2" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она меня постоянно &lt;strong&gt;задирает&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она меня постоянно &lt;strong&gt;достает&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I use &amp;quot;задирать&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;доставать&amp;quot; with the meaning of &amp;quot;сильно раздражать&amp;quot;. I'm wondering how they compare with one another in terms of nuance, usage, and register?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-01-21T03:06:08.617" Title="How does &quot;задирать&quot; differ from &quot;доставать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17983" CreationDate="2019-01-18T17:49:49.200" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They mean the same only in the forms &lt;strong&gt;задрал&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;достал&lt;/strong&gt;, that is perfective past. Both are colloquial, and достал is softer, if it is possible to be softer here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the present form &lt;strong&gt;задирает&lt;/strong&gt; or any other imperfective forms this verb means &lt;strong&gt;teasing&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Достаёт&lt;/strong&gt; in its indirect meaning is &quot;сильно раздражает, старается вывести из себя&quot;. Literally it is 'keeps trying to get you out of yourself'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-18T17:49:49.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17985" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17983" CreationDate="2019-01-18T19:07:01.267" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;доставать&lt;/strong&gt; is either &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to bug with smth, to rag on&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, incessant requests, questions or addresses, if done on purpose, or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to annoy&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; if causing nuisance unintentionally and unwittingly, a synonym of &lt;strong&gt;действовать на нервы&lt;/strong&gt;, this verb can accept complement in Instrumental, that is &lt;strong&gt;доставать чем-то&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;с чем-то&lt;/strong&gt; which is rarer&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;задирать&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to tease, to banter&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as already said, but also &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to try to pick a fight, to badger, to yank one's chain&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; if done with malicious intent, whose synonym is &lt;strong&gt;задираться к&lt;/strong&gt; typical to children vocabulary in the past, don't think it's still common, this one is used without complement to denote means whereby the act is done&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;задирать&lt;/strong&gt; is perceived as significantly older, &lt;strong&gt;доставать&lt;/strong&gt; is pretty recent, i've started hearing it a lot since end of the 80s beginning of the 90s &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the adverb &lt;strong&gt;постоянно&lt;/strong&gt; signals that act or its effect are deliberate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-18T19:59:23.397" LastActivityDate="2019-01-18T19:59:23.397" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17983" CreationDate="2019-01-18T19:21:15.810" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In conversation, I use &quot;задирать&quot; or &quot;доставать&quot; with the meaning of&#xA;  &quot;сильно раздражать&quot;. I'm wondering how they compare with one another&#xA;  in terms of nuance, usage, and register?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With this meaning, there is a difference between these verbs in the imperfective form: &quot;Задирать&quot; is to provoke a conflict, a physical fight, or a verbal fight, while ''доставать'' is merely to annoy with persistent action, to get to, often with a purpose of making the victim change his course of actions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A classical situation of ''задирать'': One schoolboy bullies another one and challenges him to a fist fight, simply willing to test the fists and get some adrenaline. A classical situation of ''доставать'': A wife constantly reminds her husband that he earns not enough money, trying to make him change his job for a better one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A persistent mosquito or a fly can доставать, but cannot задирать. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Задиристый person is someone aggressive, verbally or physically. Доставучий person is just someone persistent in his annoying actions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the perfective form, however, these verbs are equivalent: ''Задрал уже'' = ''Достал уже'' = ''You have got to me.'' However, ''задрал'' is used rarely as compared to ''достал''.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastEditorUserId="11395" LastEditDate="2019-01-19T17:27:39.563" LastActivityDate="2019-01-19T17:27:39.563" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17988" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-18T21:07:12.637" Score="2" ViewCount="253" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English you can sometimes append an infinitive to another verb to express the concept of purpose.  For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Let's meet to discuss this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would I translate this construction to Russian?  Can I just add the infinitive like in English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давайте встретимся поговорить об этом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can this be extended to multiple infinitives?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы хотите встретиться поговорить об этом?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, does this affect the aspect of the verb (говорить/поговорить in the above examples)?  I've been taught that with modal verbs like хотеть you usually use the perfective form of the verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10200" LastEditorUserId="10200" LastEditDate="2019-01-18T23:34:42.567" LastActivityDate="2019-01-20T11:42:13.937" Title="How to express verb + infinitive in Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17989" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17988" CreationDate="2019-01-18T21:37:25.720" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;встретиться&lt;/strong&gt; isn't yet perceived as modal verb in Russian, that's why in the 1st sentence &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; is required&lt;br&gt;&#xA;in the 2nd one &lt;strong&gt;хотеть&lt;/strong&gt; is a modal verb hence no &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BUT&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; is unnecessary when the 2nd verb is in the same tense as the 1st one, namely future, in the past and the present such construction isn't possible&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давайте встретимся поговори&lt;strong&gt;М&lt;/strong&gt; об этом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I've been taught that with modal verbs like хотеть you usually use the&#xA;  perfective form of the verb.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think this is а rule, e.g. &lt;strong&gt;хочу пить&lt;/strong&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;хочу выпить&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;помочь одеться&lt;/strong&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;помогать одеваться&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;пробовать писать&lt;/strong&gt; vs &lt;strong&gt;пробовать написать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-19T11:43:26.947" LastActivityDate="2019-01-19T11:43:26.947" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17990" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17993" CreationDate="2019-01-18T23:57:48.490" Score="3" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I understood, when a russian verb becomes perfective by prefixation, the resulting verb can either have a new nuance of meaning or just express the completion of an action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As such, &lt;strong&gt;сделать&lt;/strong&gt; is the &quot;neutral&quot; perfective counterpart of &lt;strong&gt;делать&lt;/strong&gt;, because, here, the prefix &lt;strong&gt;с-&lt;/strong&gt; just implies that something was done to the end or instantaneously - that's the general criterion of a perfective verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whereas &lt;strong&gt;подделать&lt;/strong&gt; is another perfective verb derived by prefixation, but with a new meaning: &lt;em&gt;&quot;to falsify&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. When the prefix adds a new meaning, an imperfective counterpart may be created by internal modification of the verb - thus &lt;strong&gt;подделывать&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And now for the verb &lt;strong&gt;тянуть&lt;/strong&gt;... I know there are many perfective verbs derived from this one, like &lt;strong&gt;растянуть&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;вытянуть&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;затянуть&lt;/strong&gt;. But all of them with additional nuances of meaning and imperfective equivalents which replace &lt;strong&gt;-тянуть&lt;/strong&gt; by &lt;strong&gt;-тягивать&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, is there a &quot;neutral&quot; perfective to &lt;strong&gt;тянуть&lt;/strong&gt;? Is &lt;strong&gt;потянуть&lt;/strong&gt; what I am looking for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2019-01-19T08:03:16.967" Title="Neutral perfective prefix vs nuance prefix" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17988" CreationDate="2019-01-19T07:29:40.610" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, you can even construct sentences consisting of a few verbs and containing no other words, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Решил пойти купить поесть. = I've decided to go to buy (some food) to eat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above sentence is perfectly natural. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;''Let's meet to discuss this.'' How would I translate this&#xA;  construction to Russian? Can I just add the infinitive like in&#xA;  English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your translation (''Давайте встретимся поговорить об этом'') sounds slightly not natural, but even native speakers can use such a phrase. I am unsure about the formal rules in this regard - maybe there is a formal mistake in it and maybe there isn't. To stay on the safe side in terms of the formal rules and to sound fully natural, say, ''Давайте встретимся, чтобы поговорить об этом''.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a commonly used colloquial expression, ''Давайте встретимся поговорим об этом,'' meaning meeting to discuss something and pronounced without any pauses between the words, but I suspect it is formally ungrammatical. If you put a comma between ''встретимся'' and ''поговорим'' (corresponding to a pause in speech), the sentence definitely becomes grammatical, but the perception changes, ''Let's meet and, in particular, discuss this.'' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, ''to discuss this'' is better translated to ''обсудить это,'' whereas ''поговорить об этом'' is rather ''to have a conversation about this.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also, does this affect the aspect of the verb (говорить/поговорить in&#xA;  the above examples)? I've been taught that with modal verbs like&#xA;  хотеть you usually use the perfective form of the verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's a very tricky question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the one hand, you can say ''хотел учиться'' and ''хотел выучиться'' as well as ''захотел учиться'' and ''захотел выучиться''. All four phrases work and sound natural. The choice between them is just a question of the precise meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, some combinations in some contexts indeed sound very weird. Imagine you decide to talk with someone on a certain topic. You approach the person and say, ''Я захотел говорить с тобой по поводу Х''. This sentence is really very unnatural, in the circumstances. There is nothing ungrammatical in it, but the sentence sounds utterly weird. It would also be weird to say, ''Я решил говорить с тобой по поводу X.'' However, the negation sounds perfect, ''Я решил не говорить с тобой по поводу X.'' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The weirdness comes from the precise meanings of the verbs. ''Говорить'' is usually perceived as ''to talk in general,'' as opposed to ''поговорить'' - ''to have a specific conversation.'' If you say, ''Я решил говорить с тобой по поводу X,'' it will sound like, ''I have decided to talk with you on subject X in general, not only now.'' The meaning is just weird and does not correspond to what you actually have decided. And if you say, ''Я решил не говорить с тобой по поводу X,'' it will sound perfect and will mean, ''I have decided not to talk with you on subject X in general, not only now.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To conclude, the appropriateness of using the imperfective form after verbs like ''хотеть'' is determined by the precise meaning of the words and the intended meaning of the message.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-19T07:29:40.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17992" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17990" CreationDate="2019-01-19T07:53:36.643" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Тянуть&lt;/strong&gt; is durative, you need a prefix according to the context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Стянуть, утянуть, оттянуть, притянуть, вытянуть, затянуть, перетянуть, не дотянуть, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to have no neutral perfective, as it describes a process in its neutral imperfective form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like идти - пойти, сойти, прийти, уйти, подойти, отойти, зайти, выйти, перейти, не дойти. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-19T07:53:36.643" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17990" CreationDate="2019-01-19T08:03:16.967" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So, is there a &quot;neutral&quot; perfective to тянуть? Is потянуть what I am&#xA;  looking for?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, there isn't. ''Потянуть'' has an imperfective form either - ''потягивать''.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the reason for the absence of the neutral perfective in this case is that it would be unclear exactly what is completed. There are just too many equally possible options - to successfully pull something out (вытянуть), to successfully make something strained (натянуть), etc. You have to specify the exact meaning by choosing the appropriate prefix. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The root of the problem is that one and the same process - тянуть - can lead to different outcomes - вытянуть, натянуть, подтянуть, стянуть, утянуть and so on. Any prefix here is perceived to clarify the outcome rather than to only emphasise that the action has been completed. The completeness of the action is conveyed simply by choosing -нуть instead of -гивать, provided a prefix is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-19T08:03:16.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17988" CreationDate="2019-01-20T11:42:13.937" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;We can say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Давайте встретимся и поговорим об этом.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Давайте встретимся, поговорим об этом.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мы встретились, чтобы поговорить об этом.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мы встретились поговорить об этом.&lt;/strong&gt; (less formal, than the previous&#xA;  sentence)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The formant &quot;&lt;em&gt;to&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is here not only the indicator of an infinitive, but also a &lt;strong&gt;preposition&lt;/strong&gt; preceding the clause of purpose. In this meaning it is literally translated as чтобы or для того, чтобы. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the third variant &lt;strong&gt;Давайте встретимся, чтобы поговорить об этом&lt;/strong&gt; will be the most exact translation, containing a main clause, a preposition of purpose, an infinitive and an object. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-20T11:42:13.937" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17916" CreationDate="2019-01-20T12:35:47.833" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В холодильнике ничего не осталось (поесть)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With ''поесть'' (perfective) this particular sentence sounds very natural, whereas with ''есть'' (imperfective) - pretty weird. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time, it is perfectly natural to say, ''Есть больше нечего.'' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that for non-native speakers, this may be very confusing in terms of rational logic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to confidently make choices in such expressions, you have to develop the ''Russian logic'' - associative thinking based on analogies to many Russian idioms, colloquial expressions, and commonly used everyday phrases. It is very easy to make mistakes if you try to deduce the right choices by purely logical, rational reasoning. For native Russian speakers it is usually much easier to tell the right choice than to try to find the logical reason as to why it is the right choice. Native Russian speakers make their choices based on the subconscious associative ''Russian logic'' rather than on rational reasoning. The correct variants are simply those that are easier perceived by the Russian-speaking mind. Words and expressions in the Russian language activate specific thinking patterns and emotions that are often not easy to describe logically and rationally in another language. You must ''feel'' the language and its specific words and expressions on the subconscious level in order to speak naturally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So let me answer your question from the ''Russian logic'' standpoint. This logic may be different from what you find in your grammar textbooks, but is what how Russian speakers actually think.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's start with the following phrase: ''Что ему осталось сделать?'' This sentence implies that the person has a checklist and has already done some things on that list, so the question is about what is left on the list. Both verbs here are perfective, so the sentence sounds very result-oriented, and this is why it implies a checklist with clearly defined goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's now make both verbs imperfective: ''Что ему остается делать?'' Now the most natural perception is that the person is in a difficult situation in which he has very few options left, and the question is about exactly what options are left. The question sounds somewhat global, strategic. In the past tense, the same question takes the following form: ''Что ему оставалось делать?'' The latter sentence is often used as an apology for someone's actions or explanation of someone's actions by saying that he had no other choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The variant with the perfective verbs sounds result-oriented, while the variant with the imperfective verbs - process-oriented, hence the difference in the perception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Overall, perfective and imperfective verbs activate different thinking patterns - result-oriented vs process-oriented, so if you use perfective and imperfective verbs together in a single sentence, your conversation partner may get somewhat confused on the subconscious level, depending on the context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to illustrate this by how many results Google gives for the following combinations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Что ему осталось сделать?&quot; (perfective + perfective): 9,000 results&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Что ему остается делать?&quot;(imperfective + imperfective): 24,000 results&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Что ему оставалось делать?&quot; (imperfective + imperfective): 53,000 results&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Что ему осталось делать?&quot; (perfective + imperfective): 1,000 results&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Что ему остается сделать?&quot; (imperfective + perfective): 5,000 results&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you see, the pure forms (i.e., ''perfective + perfective'' and ''imperfective + imperfective'') are more common than the mixed ones, although the latter are not ungrammatical. The pure forms are just easier for perceive and are thus preferred, although in some contexts you may need to use a mixed form in order to emphasise some nuance (as I will explain below).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now back to your refrigerator.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's make two obvious observations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(i) The verb ''есть'' (in the meaning ''to eat'') is perceived as a general concept or a process, whereas ''поесть'' - rather as ''to have a certain meal at a certain time (e.g. now).'' ''Поесть'' is a result-oriented word and denotes a limited action. ''Есть'' is a process-oriented word and feels rather global.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(ii) The verb ''осталось'' is a result-oriented verb. ''Ничего не осталось'' is perceived as a result of a completed action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;''В холодильнике ничего не осталось поесть'' sounds perfectly natural. It is a pure form (perfective + perfective); the idea is expressed purely in terms of result-oriented thinking; the phrase is about particular circumstances rather than a global state of affairs - after all, you can always buy food in a shop to resolve the issue. The perception is, ''Nothing has been left in the fridge to quickly have a meal right now.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;''В холодильнике ничего не осталось есть'', in contract, triggers a weird interplay between result-oriented thinking and process-oriented thinking in the Russian-speaking mind. It is perceived as weird as, ''As a result of some particular process, no options have been left in the fridge as to what to eat globally.'' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just another example: ''Решил пойти купить покушать'' is strongly preferred to ''решил пойти купить кушать,'' for the same reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now let's consider this: ''Есть больше нечего.'' It sounds natural. The idea is expressed purely in terms of global, process-oriented thinking. If you now replace ''есть'' by ''поесть'', it will sound unnatural, because ''больше'' is related to a process (namely, the process of gradually consuming food), while ''поесть'' is a result-oriented word and denotes an isolated action. In some rare contexts, however, ''поесть больше нечего'' sounds okay (e.g., the person ''поел'' a few times and asks whether there is something to ''поесть'' again).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that mixed forms (i.e. combinations of perfective and imperfective verbs) are okay to use if the context and the intended meaning require it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can even give you an example where ''ничего не осталось есть'' sounds fine: ''Пожар уничтожил запасы хлеба, и жителям ничего не осталось есть.'' (''The fire annihilated the reserves of bread, so the population was left with nothing to eat''). Here it is emphasised that the population was left with nothing to eat globally, not just to have a meal right now. This is why ''ничего не осталось есть'' sounds natural in this context, as opposed to the context with the fridge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To conclude, the word choice is dictated by the context, the intended meaning, and the way how the words and their combinations are perceived by the Russian-speaking mind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-20T12:35:47.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17996" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="17997" CreationDate="2019-01-20T21:50:07.423" Score="1" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/yFOu_onkMVM?t=100&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Есть песня, в которой произносят слово &quot;Аллилуйя&quot;&lt;/a&gt; чуть непривычно, как будто писалось &quot;аллэлуя&quot;. Вот такое произношение я до сих пор никогда не слышал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возможно, что от влияния английского языка, у русскоговорящих американцев есть свойственный говор? Или просто неправильно пишется это слово?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2019-01-21T00:22:33.453" LastActivityDate="2019-01-21T09:45:35.147" Title="Произношение слова &quot;аллилуйя&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17996" CreationDate="2019-01-20T22:21:50.317" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;На самом деле по-моему есть тенденция к произнесению &lt;strong&gt;Е&lt;/strong&gt; вместо &lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;, хотя нормативное произношение соответствует написанию - &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[ɐl&lt;strong&gt;ʲɪ&lt;/strong&gt;ˈɫuɪ̯ːə]&lt;/a&gt;, лично мне легче произносить именно &lt;strong&gt;Е&lt;/strong&gt;, и нараспев мне кажется она прозносится проще, возможно это влияние русского фонетического строя...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Но в оригинале, т.е. на иврите, действительно произносится &lt;strong&gt;Э&lt;/strong&gt;, поэтому относительно него русская орфография ошибочна. Она по всей вероятности основана на греческом произношении ἀλλ&lt;strong&gt;η&lt;/strong&gt;λούϊα, пришедшем через старославянский.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-20T22:32:51.513" LastActivityDate="2019-01-20T22:32:51.513" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17983" CreationDate="2019-01-21T03:06:08.617" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Задирать - trying to provoke aggressive response.&#xA;Доставать - to annoy&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5622" LastActivityDate="2019-01-21T03:06:08.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="17999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17996" CreationDate="2019-01-21T07:41:23.123" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;На ЦСЯ вариант один - Алилyїа, а ЦСЯ, при всей своей отдалённости, оказал и оказывает влияние на русский язык в области церковной и духовной лексики. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То, что звучит в песне, мне кажется однозначно иностранным произношением. До такой степени, что мне удивительно слышать следующую фразу на русском. Это похоже даже не на неправильное произношение, а на подражание американским или каким-то другим песням. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2019-01-21T09:45:35.147" LastActivityDate="2019-01-21T09:45:35.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18000" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-21T18:39:51.647" Score="7" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пусть он предприниматель, но думает не только о деньгах. Будь нажива для него &lt;strong&gt;на первом месте&lt;/strong&gt;, он бы больше заработал, нарушая правила.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I'm wondering how &quot;в первую очередь&quot; would have compared to &quot;на первом месте&quot; in terms of nuance, usage, and register?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;{vs}: Будь нажива для него &lt;strong&gt;в первую очередь&lt;/strong&gt;, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2019-04-26T03:19:28.047" Title="When to use “на первом месте” – and “в первую очередь”?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18001" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18000" CreationDate="2019-01-21T19:33:44.077" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt; by itself can't be meaningfully qualified with the adverb &lt;strong&gt;в первую очередь&lt;/strong&gt;, it requires an object: &lt;strong&gt;быть в первую очередь человеком&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;в первую очередь быть здоровым&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With this in mind it could be used in your sentence after some modification&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Будь &lt;code&gt;его целью&lt;/code&gt; в первую очередь нажива&lt;/strong&gt;, он бы больше заработал, нарушая&#xA;  правила&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-01-21T19:33:44.077" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18000" CreationDate="2019-01-21T20:26:49.333" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в первую очередь&lt;/strong&gt; can mean &lt;strong&gt;mainly, chiefly&lt;/strong&gt;, but it also often implies some order, listing. While it's not explicit and necessary, it has more of an implicit undertone and gives you a freedom to continue with a list. e.g. &lt;strong&gt;for him profit came first, then interest&lt;/strong&gt;. So often in a conversation you would also use a construction implying a sequence: &lt;strong&gt;в первую очередь нажива, потом интерес&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, from the grammatical point of view, &lt;strong&gt;в первую очередь&lt;/strong&gt; in the first meaning has a function of an adverbial expression (В первую очередь для него была нажива - For him profit was above all), in the second case it tends more to a parenthetical phrase (В первую очередь (во-первых), для него была важна нажива, потом (во вторую очередь) интерес).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;на первом месте&lt;/strong&gt; means more &quot;in the first place, above all else&quot;. And besides, it is more of a stand alone phrase/construction, e.g. &lt;strong&gt;in the first place for him was profit&lt;/strong&gt;. While you could continue also with giving a list &lt;strong&gt;in the second place, etc&lt;/strong&gt;, you feel much less obliged to. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11408" LastEditorUserId="11408" LastEditDate="2019-04-26T03:19:28.047" LastActivityDate="2019-04-26T03:19:28.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18003" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18006" CreationDate="2019-01-22T08:24:12.593" Score="3" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been doing some reading lately, and became aware of the two phrases 'много народа' and 'много народу'.  According to Google Ngrams, both are current (although 'много народу' is 2x more frequent).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess that this has come about since 'народ' has both a standard and partitive genitive, so both options are grammatically correct.  But is there any significant semantic distinction?  Or is it just a matter of personal preference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Another question at this site dealt with 'много народа' versus 'много людей'.  In that case I can see that there is some useful distinction that can be drawn.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10696" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-22T11:46:15.750" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T21:19:25.773" Title="&quot;Много народа&quot; or &quot;много народу&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;genitive-partitive&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18003" CreationDate="2019-01-22T10:29:09.517" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, &lt;code&gt;много народу&lt;/code&gt; is considered colloquial but as you've already noticed by yourself is heavily used. It's a never-ending discussion on what to consider grammatical and what not. Facts are following: it's used and it's not accepted in any high-style usage - just like any  noun in partitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can invert the reasoning and ask themselves - should we consider grammatical forms that are virtually non-existent in colloquial everyday speech. Is &quot;справка дана в том, что&quot; grammatical? And you'll immediately see that the question is weak per se. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of difference between &lt;code&gt;много народу&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;много людей&lt;/code&gt; - they are almost identical but not completely. I'd rather suggest that &quot;народу&quot; is more abstract, so there's a chain &quot;много народу&quot; ~ &quot;много людей&quot; ~ &quot;много человек&quot;. You can say: &quot;Что-то сегодня много народу&quot; or &quot;что-то сегодня много людей&quot; interchangeably but you hardly can substitute &lt;code&gt;много людей&lt;/code&gt; in phrase &lt;code&gt;в давке пострадало много людей&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code&gt;много народу&lt;/code&gt; - it will sound slightly off.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-22T20:57:01.723" LastActivityDate="2019-01-22T20:57:01.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18003" CreationDate="2019-01-22T11:47:43.563" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Initially the norm of using the Genitive case with много, сколько, мало, нету etc. with uncountables was just this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Много народу, мало сахару, налить чаю, сколько сыру, рюмка коньяку.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was called &lt;em&gt;the partitive Genitive case&lt;/em&gt;, as you have already learned.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays the rule has simplified to using just regular Genitive case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Много народа, мало сахара, налить чая, сколько сыра, рюмка коньяка.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the partitive Genitive is also correct and is not colloquial. I would say it sounds more classical. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For me, ложка сахару, рюмка коньяку and стакан чаю sound more natural, though they can be classified as old-fashioned. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use both, but the first variant adds score to your language command. :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сколько народу is surely uncountable, we can express our surprise by this phrase, but we cannot ask for counting with this phrase. Сколько людей and сколько человек divides the crowd into individuals. You can express surprise with the help of these phrases as well, but you can also count people now. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сколько народу на площади! Никогда не видел такую толпу!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сколько людей вышло на площадь? - Примерно 5000 человек.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-22T11:47:43.563" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18003" CreationDate="2019-01-22T13:53:03.480" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But is there any significant semantic distinction? Or is it just a&#xA;  matter of personal preference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, there is no semantic distinction whatsoever. Both expressions mean exactly the same thing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The choice between them is rather a matter of style, as ''много народу'' sounds more colloquial and old-fashioned than ''много народа.'' But both expressions are colloquial anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-22T13:53:03.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18000" CreationDate="2019-01-22T15:17:16.217" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Будь нажива для него в первую очередь, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This wording is just plain wrong and ungrammatical. ''В первую очередь'' is an adverb-like construction that answers the question ''как?'', not ''где?'', whereas the construction ''будь нажива для него'' requires something that answers the question ''где?'', ''чем?'', or ''какой?'' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your original variant, ''будь нажива для него на первом месте,'' is perfect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The expression ''в первую очередь'' is used as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;''Это надо сделать в первую очередь'' = ''This has to be done first.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;''В первую очередь, ... '' = ''First of all, ... ''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;''Он в первую очередь лингвист'' = ''He is primarily a linguist.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;''Его интересуют в первую очередь деньги'' = ''He is primarily interested in money.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-22T15:17:16.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18003" CreationDate="2019-01-22T18:16:37.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Russian language usually uses the genitive case to express&#xA;  partialness. However, some Russian mass nouns have developed a&#xA;  distinct partitive case, also referred to as the &quot;second genitive&#xA;  case&quot;. In modern Russian, use of the partitive case is often facultative. In&#xA;  many situations, the partitive and the genitive can be used almost&#xA;  synonymously: чашка чаю (partitive) and чашка чая (genitive) both mean &quot;a cup of tea&quot;. The partitive variant is preferred with verbs: выпить чаю,&#xA;  &quot;to drink some tea&quot;. The genitive variant is used&#xA;  more frequently when the mass noun is modified by an adjective: чашка&#xA;  горячего чая, &quot;a cup of hot tea&quot;. &#xA;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partitive_case&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Check here for the source and more information&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, &lt;strong&gt;Много народу&lt;/strong&gt; refers to another case, which is called &lt;em&gt;partitive&lt;/em&gt; and it was used in older times. Since it is not used so frequently in a modern Russian language, this case is often merged with &lt;em&gt;genitive&lt;/em&gt; and hence refers as the &lt;em&gt;second genetive&lt;/em&gt; case. If you would read classical Russian literature, you would certainly encounter &lt;em&gt;partitive&lt;/em&gt;, but in modern Russian you would mostly hear it colloquially. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Except for the &lt;em&gt;partitive&lt;/em&gt;, there are also other cases in modern language, which are often used colloquially, but not given in official grammar books when teaching pupils in Russian schools. For example, if you ever listened to a regular conversation between Russians, you must have encountered a vocative case without even realizing it: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Даш&lt;/em&gt;, ты меня слышишь? Нет, &lt;em&gt;Саш&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here at the end you can find more information&lt;/a&gt; about additional cases which are used in Russian nowadays. If you are simply trying to learn Russian, do not focus on them too much, in the end they constitute a small group of all the situations and will come intuitively simply by mimicking Russians/ learning some constructed phrases by heart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11408" LastEditorUserId="11408" LastEditDate="2019-04-22T21:19:25.773" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T21:19:25.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18010" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-22T21:08:33.340" Score="5" ViewCount="195" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Шутить и век шутить! Как вас на это станет!&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've never seen стать used like this. What does this mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-23T10:26:36.230" LastActivityDate="2019-01-23T12:15:26.423" Title="Meaning of &quot;Как вас на это станет!&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18010" CreationDate="2019-01-22T21:34:19.637" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Griboyedov lived really long ago, he used the colloquialisms of his epoch, and it's not what your speech in modern Russian should sound like. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would translate it as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как вы можете! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How dare you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как вас на это станет ~ как вас на это хватает (can be positive or negative), как у вас хватает на это совести (negative). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-22T21:34:19.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18010" CreationDate="2019-01-23T10:25:22.327" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I actually disagree with the answer given - it's not wrong though! - among other things &lt;code&gt;станет&lt;/code&gt; indeed also means &quot;хватит&quot; / &quot;довольно&quot;. However &lt;code&gt;cтанет&lt;/code&gt; (or &lt;code&gt;станется&lt;/code&gt;) in it's semi-obsolete usage means also to be able to do something, it's synonymous to &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;горазд&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;code&gt;горазд на что-то&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;горазд в чём-то&lt;/code&gt;, like in phrase - &quot;этот сможет, с него станется&quot; (more examples you can find &lt;a href=&quot;https://punktuaciya.academic.ru/627&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I'd rather interpret this phrase like &quot;how can you keep on joking for this long&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-01-23T10:25:22.327" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18010" CreationDate="2019-01-23T12:15:26.423" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Шутить и век шутить! Как вас на это станет!&quot; I've never seen стать&#xA;  used like this. What does this mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exact meaning of ''как вас на это станет'' is, ''How can you do it so much!'' More literally: ''How can one person - you - be enough for that!''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тhis is an archaic colloquial expression and is not used in modern Russian at all, and I was even unable to understand its meaning before I opened a dictionary, despite that I am a native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dictionary says that the verb ''стать'' had an archaic meaning,''to be enough,'' ''to prove to be enough,'' and the dictionary also gives some examples of the use of this verb in this meaning. Here are a couple of them, with my translations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;''Как это вас на всё станет: и дело вы всякое знаете и пустяк всякий знаете.'' = ''How can you know everything - important things and unimportant things as well!'' It seems to be rather a praise or wonder, not a doubt or question, although possibly can be interpreted in any of these ways. A more literal translation is, ''How can one person - you - be enough for everything - you know every important thing and every unimportant thing!''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;''Ну, полно, что за счеты, лишь стало бы охоты'' = 'Well, stop it, what are these calculations for, the only question is whether the desire will be enough.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the link to the corresponding page of the dictionary: &lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/1042046&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/1042046&lt;/a&gt; The above meaning is No. 9 there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-23T12:15:26.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18014" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-23T22:28:43.050" Score="4" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Именно. Так мы сможем получить столько средств, сколько нам хватит. Никто еще не &lt;strong&gt;додумался до этого&lt;/strong&gt;. Это же гениально!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Leaving aside the question of  stylistic awkwardness, if I want to replace &quot;еще&quot; with &quot;до этого&quot; in the sense of &quot;раньше&quot;, can I say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Никто &lt;strong&gt;до этого&lt;/strong&gt; не додумался &lt;strong&gt;до этого&lt;/strong&gt;. (=== Никто &lt;strong&gt;до этого&lt;/strong&gt; не додумался &lt;strong&gt;раньше&lt;/strong&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;до этого&quot; placed at the end of the sentence in my original phrasing is related to &quot;додуматься&quot;, whereas in the paraphrased version, the &quot;до этого&quot; at the end -- despite taking the same position -- is meant as &quot;раньше&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2019-02-07T23:11:08.283" Title="Is it acceptable to use two &quot;до этого&quot;s with two different meanings like this?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18014" CreationDate="2019-01-23T23:18:30.920" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can't because &lt;strong&gt;до этого&lt;/strong&gt; must refer to a point in the past. In other words, you can only use it to say &quot;no-one &lt;em&gt;had&lt;/em&gt; thought of this before&quot;, not &quot;no-one &lt;em&gt;has&lt;/em&gt; thought of this before&quot;. If it was part of a story you were narrating, though, you could, if only as a kind of formalist whimsy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Никто &lt;strong&gt;до этого&lt;/strong&gt; не додумался &lt;strong&gt;до этого&lt;/strong&gt;. (=== Никто &lt;strong&gt;до этого&lt;/strong&gt; не додумался &lt;strong&gt;раньше&lt;/strong&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, it's the first &lt;strong&gt;до этого&lt;/strong&gt; that parses as &quot;before&quot;; I can't quite put my finger on why, but it's very unusual for the &quot;before&quot; &lt;strong&gt;до этого&lt;/strong&gt; to go to the end of the sentence — much like you wouldn't end a sentence with &lt;strong&gt;еще&lt;/strong&gt; unless you wanted it to mean &quot;more&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2019-01-23T23:18:30.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18014" CreationDate="2019-01-24T05:38:37.773" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, avoid this ambiguous reduplication here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Better say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Никто до сих пор не додумался до этого.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, if you want to mention a person &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Никто до него/них (ещё) не додумался до этого.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-24T05:38:37.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18000" CreationDate="2019-01-24T18:26:57.083" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В первую очередь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literally, this means &quot;First in line.&quot; As such, it really does not belong in the example. Second example is not a valid statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На первом месте&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In first place, leading choice or preference, main concern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3859" LastActivityDate="2019-01-24T18:26:57.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18019" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18021" CreationDate="2019-01-24T19:52:51.290" Score="6" ViewCount="305" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Обе стороны на грани. Достаточно одной искры, чтобы все пошло наперекосяк.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here I wanted to express the idea of &quot;a tinderbox situation waiting to ignite&quot; or &quot;a powder-keg situation waiting to explode&quot;. What is a commonly used phrasing for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2019-08-01T16:13:12.427" Title="How do Russian speakers commonly express the idea of &quot;a powder-keg situation&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18019" CreationDate="2019-01-24T20:32:11.163" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two phrases that you use (&quot;Обе стороны на грани&quot;, &quot;Достаточно одной искры&quot;) already express the idea of &quot;a tinderbox situation waiting to ignite&quot;. There are some others, for example: &quot;взрывоопасная ситуация&quot;, &quot;обстановка накаляется (or накалилась)&quot;. What you need, as &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/7674/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD-%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8-%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot;&gt;@Баян Купи-ка&lt;/a&gt; said, is to remove the third expression and add some neutral explanation, what can happen. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Обе стороны на грани. Достаточно одной искры, чтобы началась потасовка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose, &quot;стороны&quot; here are two groups of people. Two gangs, for example. Or, in the case of armies:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Обе стороны на грани. Достаточно одной искры, чтобы начались боевые действия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or you can say &quot;Обстановка накалилась&quot; instead of &quot;Обе стороны на грани&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2019-01-24T20:32:11.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18019" CreationDate="2019-01-24T21:09:05.817" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Тогда уже &lt;strong&gt;&quot;чтобы всё пошло под откос&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, это про поезд на взорванных путях. :) А то наперекосяк - не настолько опасно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сидеть на пороховой бочке.&lt;/strong&gt; Сейчас все как на пороховой бочке. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Быть на волосок от гибели/краха/чего-то ещё.&lt;/strong&gt; Стороны на волосок от конфликта. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Висеть на волоске.&lt;/strong&gt; Судьба/мир висит на волоске. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Быть на взводе.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;На взводе бывает курок огнестрельного оружия, и так&#xA;  же говорят про нервы при напряженной обстановке.&lt;/em&gt; Обе стороны на взводе, и лучше не подливать масла в огонь. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Подливать масло в огонь.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Только спичку брось.&lt;/strong&gt; Обстановка такая, что только спичку брось. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И т.д., и т.п. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-24T21:09:05.817" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18022" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-25T02:51:44.187" Score="1" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term креол was adopted in Russian a couple of centuries back. Just possibly, it was introduced by Nikolai Rezanov after he visited Brazil and California. The term's origin is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;described as&lt;/a&gt; the similar Romance terms (créole, criollo, crioulo). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, those terms reflect a new-world native born to immigrant stock, whereas the Russian word was immediately applied on the colonial frontier to half-Russians. A creole of Kodiak might have so had a Russian father and a Koniag mother, while a creole of Mexico had two parents of Spanish descent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Lydia Black's &lt;em&gt;Russians in Alaska&lt;/em&gt;: &quot;The offspring of [interethnic] unions acquired, in Russian eyes, a right to the father's family name, social estate, and property&quot; (pp. 211). &quot;The term was introduced sometime before 1816-1821 for use exclusively in Alaska&quot; (pp. 215).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why was the word adopted with a different meaning (i.e. encompassing those with a native mother) in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="8359" LastEditDate="2019-01-25T18:13:28.860" LastActivityDate="2019-01-25T18:13:28.860" Title="Why did the meaning of the loanword креол change?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18022" CreationDate="2019-01-25T06:34:14.780" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вторые &amp;lt;жители Америки&gt; суть, которыи Криолы зовутся, от родителей Ишпанских в Америке рожденные. Пуф. Ист. 1718 &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://endic.ru/fasmer/Kreol-6582.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://endic.ru/fasmer/Kreol-6582.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On this link, you can see all the Russian dictionary meanings of this word. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could you please make it more clear, from which of the more familiar to you meanings it is different? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the title of the question sounds naive to me. Once a language has borrowed a word, this word becomes its property and part of its vocabulary, developing wordforms and meanings regardless of those from the initial language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-25T06:34:14.780" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18024" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-25T09:10:57.273" Score="4" ViewCount="319" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the etymological origin of the word ''захолустье''? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For me, the origin of this word is a big mystery of the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian, this word means ''a remote place, a place that remains unaffected by new events, progress, ideas, etc.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vasmer's etymological dictionary, which is considered to be the most complete and credible Russian etymological dictionary, says the following about the origin of this word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;захолу́стье&lt;/strong&gt; До сих пор не получило удовлетворительного объяснения.&#xA;  Сравнивали за- и ст.-слав. халѫга «изгородь», словен. halóga&#xA;  «кустарник, морская трава» (Маценауэр, LF 7, 217; Преобр. I, 243;&#xA;  Горяев, ЭС 114), но в таком случае ожидалось бы *захалужье. Влияние&#xA;  слова холосто́й (Преобр.) невероятно. Неудовлетворительно также&#xA;  сравнение с холо́п, холу́й у Соболевского (ЖМНП, 1886, сент., стр.&#xA;  146). Калима («Neuphil. Мitt.», 1951, стр. 167 и сл.) пытается&#xA;  произвести захолустье из *захолостье от холост, что затруднительно&#xA;  фонетически. [Сближение с холудина, хлуд см. у Трубачева (ZfS, 4,&#xA;  1959, стр. 84). Иначе см. Львов, «Этим. исследования по русск. языку»,&#xA;  I, М., 1960, стр. 32. — Т.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you see, the dictionary says that no satisfactory etymological explanation has been found. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same thing is also said in another highly reputable etymological dictionary, Preobrazhensky's dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An interesting hypothesis is put forward in the Internet: The word is of Mongolian origin. In modern Mongolian, the expression ''зах улс'' means or can be interpreted as ''a distant country,'' with ''зах'' meaning ''edge'' and ''улс'' meaning ''country.'' The similarity in the meaning and pronunciation is striking, and the hypothesis seems plausible in view of the fact that Russia was a vassal state of the Mongol Empire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Intrigued, I did some research, and the facts found by me support the hypothesis. First, I verified in Google Translator as well as in a Mongolian dictionary that in modern Mongolian, ''зах улс'' can indeed be interpreted as a ''distant country.'' Second, the Mongolian etymological dictionary by Rajki says that the word ''улс'' originated from the Old Mongolian word ''ulus'', which can explain why it is ''захолустье,'' not ''захулстье.'' Third, in modern Kalmyk, which belongs to Mongolic languages, Russian federal subjects are called ''зах улс'' - for example, Stavropol Krai is called ''Ставрополин зах улс.'' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that on this forum, there are many experts and fans of the Russian language, and some of them may be able to shed some light on the mystery. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this word, which sounds so Russian, in fact a trace of the Mongol invasion?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastEditorUserId="11395" LastEditDate="2019-01-25T16:53:13.087" LastActivityDate="2019-01-27T16:25:36.713" Title="Origin of the word ''захолустье''" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18025" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-25T10:38:07.227" Score="3" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking without any context could we say that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;хотя бы&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is a synonym for &quot;&lt;strong&gt;по крайней мере&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; meaning &quot;at least&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2019-01-25T10:48:53.510" LastActivityDate="2019-01-25T20:50:42.593" Title="&quot;хотя бы&quot; is a synonym for &quot;по крайней мере&quot;?" Tags="&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18025" CreationDate="2019-01-25T10:47:54.687" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. It is even mentioned in dictionaries that &quot;&lt;em&gt;хотя бы&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;по крайней мере&lt;/em&gt;&quot; are very close in their meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%8B#%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;хотя бы&lt;/a&gt; on Wiktionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;усилительно-выделительная частица, то же, что хотя, хоть, близко по&#xA;  значению к словам &lt;strong&gt;по крайней мере, по меньшей мере&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5#%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;по крайней мере&lt;/a&gt; on Wiktionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;хотя бы&lt;/strong&gt;, по меньшей мере&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2019-01-25T10:47:54.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18025" CreationDate="2019-01-25T10:49:52.127" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;These phrases synonymous in one of possible meanings - one that stands for English &quot;at least&quot;. There are other meaning in which &lt;code&gt;хотя бы&lt;/code&gt; can not be substituted, they are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As in &quot;хоть бы зима поскорее кончилась!&quot; (not that in modern Russian though there's a tendency to separate &lt;code&gt;хотя бы&lt;/code&gt; from &lt;code&gt;хоть бы&lt;/code&gt;, though actually the latter is just a shortened form. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As in &quot;взять бы 5й &quot;Б&quot; класс, вот хотя бы Петрова - совсем другие результаты&quot;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As in &quot;хотя бы на час с тобой свидеться&quot;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So basically when you use &lt;code&gt;хотя бы&lt;/code&gt; for emphasizing it's interchangeable with &lt;code&gt;по крайней мере&lt;/code&gt; to less extent. More on meaning and usages you can find &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-01-25T10:49:52.127" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18024" CreationDate="2019-01-25T11:25:43.230" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am an amateur an have no right to make assumptions somewhere where scientists (who dedicated years studying some specific issues) failed. However I'm bold enough to say that the Mongolian origin in this particular case is highly, highly unlikely for some reasons from which one of most important one - for Slavic languages prefix &lt;code&gt;за-&lt;/code&gt; (which is actually a merged preposition &lt;code&gt;[за][1]&lt;/code&gt;) is very well known for forming  words of similar meaning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, in Polish there's &lt;code&gt;zadupie&lt;/code&gt; which any Russian speaker will recognize as &lt;code&gt;зажопье&lt;/code&gt;. &quot;Залесье&quot;, &quot;заграница&quot;, &quot;запад&quot; are other examples. This fact per se casts some doubts that some foreign phrase started with &lt;code&gt;зах&lt;/code&gt; was used in similar form. That happens though! - my favorite example is word &lt;code&gt;изъян&lt;/code&gt; which is actually &lt;a href=&quot;https://lexicography.online/etymology/%D0%B8/%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D1%8F%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;of a Persian origin&lt;/a&gt; borrowed through Turkic - originally it was &lt;code&gt;ziyan&lt;/code&gt;. It is believed that Russian verb &lt;code&gt;изъять&lt;/code&gt; influenced it's formation and now it feels like a very, very Russian word. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other thing to consider - as far as I understand in Mongolian there's no [z] sound at all but rather a form of affricate [d͡z] for which Russian letter &quot;з&quot; stands (don't get fooled by Mongolian Cyrillic - pronunciation can be  quite &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/8671/how-similar-are-mongolian-cyrillic-and-russian-cyrillic&quot;&gt;different&lt;/a&gt;). In Middle Mongolian even this affricate &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Mongol_language&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;was non-existent&lt;/a&gt;. So to make any claims of this kind we should check how similar phrase might sound in Middle Mongolian - language tend to change. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once again - I don't know. My counter-arguments easily can be as amateurish as your arguments. However from what I know about, from what I've read - well, let me put it this way - we still need to take into consideration a lot of additional data to back this theory. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-25T13:47:28.943" LastActivityDate="2019-01-25T13:47:28.943" CommentCount="18" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18030" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-26T10:49:28.413" Score="4" ViewCount="125" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Никогда бы не подумал, что у принцев могут быть проблемы, как у &lt;strong&gt;обычных людей&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering how &quot;как у &lt;strong&gt;простых людей&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; would have compared to &quot;как у обычных людей&quot; -- all the more so since in the following instance, on the other hand, I chose to use &quot;простой&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот бы и мне туда! Неужели когда-нибудь &lt;strong&gt;простые люди&lt;/strong&gt; тоже смогут летать на Луну?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2019-01-27T09:40:50.723" Title="How to express the idea of &quot;the general public&quot;, as opposed to “the royal family”?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18030" CreationDate="2019-01-26T10:55:07.553" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You'll be 100% understandable and this barely can count as misuse however there are two alternatives that will sound more natural in this context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Неужели когда нибудь &lt;strong&gt;[даже] самые обычные люди&lt;/strong&gt; тоже смогут летать на Луну.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Неужели когда нибудь &lt;strong&gt;[даже] простые смертные [люди]&lt;/strong&gt; тоже смогут летать на Луну.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Простые смертные&lt;/code&gt; (mere mortals) is exactly the phrase which is used to separate &quot;regular&quot; people from rich, famous etc. This phrase initially was used in a religious context - (it's supposed that we all are mere mortal), then - quite often ironically - began to be used in it's modern meaning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-26T11:17:43.053" LastActivityDate="2019-01-26T11:17:43.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18030" CreationDate="2019-01-26T11:25:14.740" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The adjective &lt;strong&gt;обычные&lt;/strong&gt; fits in both sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Обычные&lt;/strong&gt; is a more neutral term - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;regular, average, everyday&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Простые&lt;/strong&gt; may have a connotation of value judgement - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;simple, unsophisticated, hoi polloi&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and be a lower register synonym of &lt;strong&gt;обычные&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-27T07:54:46.323" LastActivityDate="2019-01-27T07:54:46.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18030" CreationDate="2019-01-26T11:44:14.217" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;We've always had the opposition &lt;strong&gt;знать, аристократия&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;простолюдины, простонародье&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Обычные люди&lt;/strong&gt; means common people, just any people as theu usually are. You can oppose a royal family member, a celebrity, or just an outstanding (for you) person you know to them. It would mean some peculiarity of this person. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Простые люди&lt;/strong&gt; means people without any titles or social advantages as opposed to aristocracy and authorities. We can use &lt;strong&gt;народ&lt;/strong&gt; here. Historically they were peasants, who constituted the vast majority of the population.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Простые смертные&lt;/strong&gt; means all the people who can die, and when we use this, we humorously stress the chasm between the divinity of the noble or the authorities and common people. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-01-27T09:40:50.723" LastActivityDate="2019-01-27T09:40:50.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18024" CreationDate="2019-01-27T16:25:36.713" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I did some additional research and now will briefly summarise my findings (which I mostly already stated in the comments under Shabunc's answer):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) The Old Mongolian version of ''зах'' is ''diqa,'' according to the Mongolian etymological dictionary by Rajki. I see that all modern Mongolian words starting with ''з'' start with ''d'' in the Old Mongolian. For example, the Old Mongolian version of the word ''захиа'' (a letter) is ''dikiyan.'' The Old Mongolian version of ''улс'' is ''ulus,'' so ''зах улс'' must have been ''diqa ulus.'' Thus, the Russian word ''захолустье'' is phonetically far closer to the modern Mongolian and Kalmyk versions, ''зах улс,'' than to the Old Mongolian version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Shaposhnikov's etymological dictionary says that the word ''захолустье'' was not used in the Russian language of the 15th-17th centuries and that the first mention of this word in a dictionary dates back to 1794.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) In view of findings (1) and (2) above, I can more or less confidently rule out the possibility of this word being a direct trace of the Mongol invasion or the subsequent Mongol yoke, which was lifted in the 15th century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) In the Internet, I found many articles saying that ''захолустье'' was taken from Kalmyk, where it originally sounded ''заха улус'' and meant ''distant/edge people/settlement.'' If this is true, then the word is still of Mongolic origin, as Kalmyk belongs to Mongolic languages. However, none of the articles I saw contains any proof to confirm the statement. They are about Kalmyks in general and mention the allegedly Kalmyk origin of the word ''захолустье'' merely as a side note.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) The absorption of the Kalmyk Khanate by the Russian Empire occurred in ~1660, a century before the first mention of the word ''захолустье'' in a dictionary, so the Kalmyk hypothesis cannot be refuted simply by considering timings. It could be refuted by timings if the word had been used in the Russian language before the interactions between the Russians and Kalmyks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6) Dal's dictionary, originally published in 1863, defines the word ''захолустье'' as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ЗАХОЛУСТЬЕ ср. глушь, глухое место; закоулок или малолюдная часть в&#xA;  городе; чаща в лесу: отдаленное и малонаселенное, малопроезжее место;&#xA;  затишье. Захолустник, житель глуши, захолустья. Захолюсток м. арх.&#xA;  скрывище, убежище, приют, и пр. заливец, где укрываются суда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The existence of the archaic word ''захолюсток'' (shelter) seems to favour the Slavic hypothesis of the origin of the word ''захолустье''. In the Kalmyk hypothesis, it is not easy to explain the existence and meaning of the word ''захолюсток,'' which was already considered archaic in 1863.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it looks like the word was either somehow formed in the Russian language from another Russian word in the 18th century or, less likely, taken from Kalmyk in the 18th century. In any case the word is a not a direct trace of the Mongol invasion or the subsequent Mongol yoke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-27T16:25:36.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18035" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18037" CreationDate="2019-01-27T23:40:24.373" Score="1" ViewCount="284" Body="&lt;p&gt;Drawing an analogy with &quot;дерьмократия&quot; I think &quot;швабода&quot; is a derisive and probably vulgar way of saying &quot;свобода&quot; (&lt;em&gt;freedom&lt;/em&gt;), but please can someone fill me in on the origins, usage, and connotations of this form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11194" LastActivityDate="2019-02-15T05:40:36.950" Title="Origins, usage and connotations of the word &quot;швабода&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18035" CreationDate="2019-01-28T06:13:41.697" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Швабода&lt;/strong&gt; is just the way we would pronounce &lt;strong&gt;свобода&lt;/strong&gt; in a joking manner. It resembles a child's pronunciation, or how an old man without teeth would say that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-01-28T06:13:41.697" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18037" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18035" CreationDate="2019-01-28T07:29:36.223" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a set of political-inspired meme words used extensively on the Russian Internet to mock the liberal wing (opposition) commentators:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Швабода&lt;/strong&gt; (свобода) — freedom&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Швабода шлова&lt;/strong&gt; (свобода слова) — freedom of speech&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Швитая Омерика / Швитая Мурика&lt;/strong&gt; (Святая Америка) — Holy America (as opposed to Russia)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Шанкции&lt;/strong&gt; (санкции) — sanctions etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can draw parallels with &lt;strong&gt;freedum&lt;/strong&gt; used on the English-speaking web in political humor context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4cZMe.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/4cZMe.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastActivityDate="2019-01-28T07:29:36.223" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18038" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-01-28T17:10:39.333" Score="5" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I jokingly said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;О, думаю, тебе и так уже известно, но если во время рыбалки ты &lt;strong&gt;допустишь&lt;/strong&gt; ошибку и &lt;strong&gt;погибнешь&lt;/strong&gt;, то мы за это не &lt;strong&gt;ответим&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The use of the future perfective &quot;ответим&quot; sprang to mind right there and then, given the future perfective &quot;допустишь&quot; and &quot;погибнешь&quot; that I used in the preceding clause. But it seems I should have used the present imperfective &quot;отвечаем&quot; here. What is the grammatical rationale for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;О, думаю, тебе и так уже известно, но если во время рыбалки ты допустишь ошибку и погибнешь, то мы за это не &lt;strong&gt;отвечаем&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T10:00:48.043" Title="Why use the present imperfective &quot;отвечаем&quot; instead of the future perfective &quot;ответим&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18038" CreationDate="2019-01-28T19:41:24.350" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Не ответим&quot; is perfective, and the meaning is &quot;Won't be held responsible&quot;.&#xA;&quot;Не отвечаем&quot; is imperfective, and the meaning is, generally, &quot;Won't be seen as being responsible&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference, as you see, is nuanced. Perfective &quot;не ответим&quot; may imply a number of reason why someone can avoid the responsibility (including, but not limited to bribing the authorities or insanity plea). On the other hand, imperfective &quot;не отвечаем&quot; (or &quot;не будем отвечать&quot;) means that the issue of responsibility shouldn't even be raised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Negative perfective &quot;Не ответим&quot; (&quot;не ответит&quot;) is generally never used in this context, unless somehow forced by the flow of speech (ex: &quot;Он за это ответит!&quot; - &quot;Нет, не ответит.&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2019-01-29T01:08:44.530" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T01:08:44.530" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18040" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18045" CreationDate="2019-01-29T08:48:58.160" Score="3" ViewCount="76" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to my dictionary, both проглянуть and проглянуться mean to &quot;peep out&quot;. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Солнце проглянуло из-за облаков&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Солнце проглянулось из-за облаков&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5375" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-01-29T11:15:26.180" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T11:15:26.180" Title="What's the difference between &quot;проглянуть&quot; and &quot;проглянуться&quot;?" Tags="&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18038" CreationDate="2019-01-29T09:08:26.843" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But it seems I should have used the present imperfective &quot;отвечаем&quot; here. What is the grammatical rationale for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an excellent question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, you should have used ''отвечаем,'' but the following sentence sounds perfectly okay: ''О, думаю, тебе и так уже известно, но если во время рыбалки ты допустишь ошибку и погибнешь, то мы за это не &lt;strong&gt;понесем ответственность&lt;/strong&gt;.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you see, here I used the perfective ''понесем ответственность''. With this perfective, this sentence sounds absolutely natural. With ''не несем ответственность'' it would sound fine, too. But with ''не ответим'' it sounds weird!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why does ''не ответим'' sound bad, while ''не понесем ответственность'' sounds fine despite that both forms are perfective?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason is connected with a connotation of the perfective expression ''ответить за что-либо'': Historically, this expression (in the perfective form) was a colloquial expression used by semi-criminals and criminals in the 1990s as a threat, e.g., ''за базар ответишь'' (''you will be held responsible for you words,'' ''you will pay for your words''). ''Отвечать за что-либо'' does not have a criminal connotation and simply means ''to be responsible for something.'' ''Понести ответственность за что-либо'' does not have a criminal connotation either, although is basically equivalent to ''ответить за что-либо'' in terms of the essence of the meaning - ''someone has been held responsible for something.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays the expression ''ответить за что-либо'' is often used by general public, too, but still has some criminal flavour. For example, the expression ''ты ответишь за это'' is perceived as a threat or a promise to retaliate, i.e., something like ''I will make you pay for that.'' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, the negation of this phrase, i.e, ''я за это не отвечу,'' is practically not used, although is not ungrammatical or wrong in any way. If you google the exact phrase &quot;я за это не отвечу,&quot; you will get only a few results, but all these results obviously come from native speakers. The meaning is rather, ''I will get away with that,'' or, ''You will be unable to make me pay for that.'' The criminal flavour is still there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, the usage and flavour of ''ответить за что-либо'' (in the perfective form) do not fit your situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastEditorUserId="11395" LastEditDate="2019-01-29T10:00:48.043" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T10:00:48.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18042" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18044" CreationDate="2019-01-29T09:30:39.320" Score="3" ViewCount="324" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &quot;происходить&quot;, &quot;случаться&quot; and &quot;оказаться&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples very welcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11436" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2019-01-29T10:35:36.450" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T10:35:36.450" Title="What's the difference between &quot;происходить&quot;, &quot;случаться&quot; and &quot;оказаться&quot;?" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18042" CreationDate="2019-01-29T10:30:04.370" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Происходить&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; = to take place, to occur, to happen. ''На Калке произошла битва между русскими и монголами'' = At the Kalka River, a battle took place between the Russians and the Mongols.'' ''За время Вашего отсутствия многое произошло'' = ''Many things happened during your absence.'' Note that the word has an additional, very different meaning: to stem, to originate. ''Род Ивановых происходит от богатого купца'' = ''The Ivanov dynasty originated from a rich merchant.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Случаться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; = similar to ''происходить'', but has a flavour of accidental or unexpected character of what happened. ''Случилось несчастье'' = ''A misfortune (accidentally) occurred.'' ''Да, такое случалось'' = ''Yes, such things used to (accidentally) happen.'' &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Оказаться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; = to turn out to be, to prove to be, to find oneself in a certain condition or at a certain place. ''Он оказался таким глупым!'' = ''He proved to be so stupid.'' ''У нее с собой не оказалось билета'' = ''She turned out not to have a ticket.'' ''Я оказался на третьем этаже'' = ''I found myself to be on the 3rd level''.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T10:30:04.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18040" CreationDate="2019-01-29T11:15:12.857" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no difference other than &lt;code&gt;проглянуло&lt;/code&gt; is used more frequently. My guess would be that &lt;code&gt;проглянулось&lt;/code&gt; co-exists because of &lt;code&gt;показаться&lt;/code&gt; (which is by the way more popular than both &lt;code&gt;проглянуться&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;проглянуть&lt;/code&gt;), like in phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Солнце показалось из облаков. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this context &lt;code&gt;показаться&lt;/code&gt; can be only reflexive, so &lt;code&gt;показать&lt;/code&gt; would be an error. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xlTap.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xlTap.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-01-29T11:15:12.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18046" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18048" CreationDate="2019-01-31T00:12:41.730" Score="2" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;To explain my question i will give this example of a sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;она&lt;/code&gt; говорила это (Lit. She said that)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;говорила это (Lit. Said that) but (Implied. She said that)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it necessary for me to have &lt;code&gt;она&lt;/code&gt;  in this sentence since the word говорила implies that it's a girl?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My native language is Arabic and in it either one of those would be acceptable, but i just wanted to make sure since both of the languages sentence structures are about the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you in advance &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastActivityDate="2019-01-31T06:11:34.330" Title="If the gender is implied in the verb do i still have to put 'он' 'она' 'оно'?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18046" CreationDate="2019-01-31T06:01:46.893" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Despite the gender is clear here, the sentence is &lt;em&gt;incomplete&lt;/em&gt; and ambiguous without proper context: you can't even understand, is it about &lt;strong&gt;her&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;она&lt;/em&gt; говорила), &lt;strong&gt;you&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt; говорила) or &lt;strong&gt;me&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt; говорила). However, it is quite possible in a dialog:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Таня, надо было сказать ему, что ты уезжаешь и у тебя нет времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Говорила это.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-01-31T06:01:46.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18046" CreationDate="2019-01-31T06:06:17.263" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian is not a particularly &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-drop_language&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;pro-drop&lt;/a&gt; language, even compared to many other Slavic languages. So by default, on its own, you &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; use the appropriate pronoun, even if it could be grammatically inferred.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But with enough context, when subject is already introduced, or in informal speech, the pronoun &lt;em&gt;may&lt;/em&gt; be dropped. Sometimes it's even customary, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Говорила же тебе: учись!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this may be true even in English, which is considered formally non-pro-drop, e.g. &lt;code&gt;Like it!&lt;/code&gt; (meaning: &lt;em&gt;I like it!&lt;/em&gt;, rather than the formal imperative meaning '&lt;em&gt;You&lt;/em&gt; better like it, or else...').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in your example the verb suggests the gender, but not the person, thus dropping the pronoun leaves it unclear whether она, я, or ты говорила.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When all the person, number and gender (if applicable) can be inferred, it is &lt;em&gt;normal&lt;/em&gt;, but still optional, to drop the pronoun:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Хочешь пить? = Ты хочешь пить?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, when in doubt, say the pronoun, until you learn to feel it intuitively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastEditorUserId="7537" LastEditDate="2019-01-31T06:11:34.330" LastActivityDate="2019-01-31T06:11:34.330" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18049" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18051" CreationDate="2019-01-31T06:18:59.553" Score="3" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть ли разница между &quot;Я еще не знаю&quot; и &quot;Я еще сам не знаю&quot;, или эти два выражения означают одно и то же?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2372" LastActivityDate="2019-01-31T11:45:05.773" Title="Роль слова &quot;сам&quot; в выражении &quot;сам не знаю&quot;" Tags="&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18049" CreationDate="2019-01-31T07:48:04.127" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;По идее есть. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я еще сам не знаю&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; подразумевает, что кроме говорящего не знает ещё кто-то, например его собеседник, задающий вопрос, что говорит о его незнании, или какие-то другие люди, которые, как предполагается, должны бы знать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-01-31T11:45:05.773" LastActivityDate="2019-01-31T11:45:05.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18049" CreationDate="2019-01-31T09:05:50.610" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Такое выражение подразумевает: я &lt;em&gt;первый&lt;/em&gt;, кто должен был об этом узнать, но &lt;strong&gt;даже я&lt;/strong&gt; ещё не знаю (не говоря о ком-либо другом).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-01-31T09:05:50.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18053" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-02T10:40:07.593" Score="1" ViewCount="64" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am just a happy beginner in Russian language, but to my ears Х sounds closer to H than Г. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anyone know why words like Horizon (Горизонт) choose Г instead? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there some historic explanation of when the words came into the language or how it evolved?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10890" LastActivityDate="2019-02-02T10:40:07.593" Title="Why use Г in for example Горизонт and not for example Х?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;буквы&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2019-02-02T11:14:26.047" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18054" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-02T18:35:50.917" Score="3" ViewCount="329" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am aware of different terms for how well steak can be cooked (средний = medium, полусырой = medium rare, etc.), but every Russian webpage that discusses this topic writes the English terms and mentions Russian terms secondarily or not at all. The YouTube video &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9gMaFFN4Yg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9gMaFFN4Yg&lt;/a&gt; uses the English terms only. I have two questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Are the English terms for cooking steak essentially regarded as Russian words?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Was cooking steak a very rare (pun intended) experience in the USSR, and if not then why would the English words be used so widely now? Of course English is used everywhere in Russian technology and advertising, but cooking steak doesn't seem comparable to those kinds of activities unless it really was a largely foreign concept before the 1990s.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-04T15:43:09.477" LastActivityDate="2019-05-07T18:39:25.220" Title="Terminology for how well steak is done" Tags="&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18054" CreationDate="2019-02-02T19:14:31.643" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Steak can not be regarded as a Russian dish, even бишфтекс is not the same. That's why we have to borrow the terms together with the recipe. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those words are not considered to be Russian, and if you google &quot;степени прожарки стейка&quot;, you will find English words written in Latin letters within Russian articles. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These words are used as adverbs, which do not have any conjugation or declension in Russian, that's why we do not have to assimilate them. And they do not resemble our adverbs, that's why it is even harder to assimilate them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find бифштекс с кровью, бифштекс средней прожарки, хорошо прожаренный бифштекс, but it's really not what we've been cooking for centuries. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pizza in Russian is пицца, and you don't even care this word is not English either. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-02-03T10:22:50.007" LastActivityDate="2019-02-03T10:22:50.007" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18056" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-02T19:48:43.853" Score="4" ViewCount="130" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тебе наверняка &lt;strong&gt;попадется&lt;/strong&gt; целая толпа мошенников, называющих себя инвесторами. Не верь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I'm wondering how &quot;Ты &lt;strong&gt;наткнешься&lt;/strong&gt; на ...&quot; would have compared to &quot;Тебе попадется ...&quot; in terms of nuance and usage? Does &quot;попасться&quot; carry a more &lt;em&gt;passive&lt;/em&gt; connotation, indicating that such chance meetings will be caused by some outside force?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2019-02-07T22:01:31.893" Title="How does &quot;попасться&quot; compare to &quot;наткнуться&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18056" CreationDate="2019-02-02T20:03:56.447" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say it's passive vs. active in a sense. Not quite directly grammatical, I guess, but in terms of meaning - who finds whom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы играли в прятки, но я попался Васе. --  Vasya &lt;em&gt;got me&lt;/em&gt;, I was caught by Vasya.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы играли в прятки, но Вася не наткнулся на меня. -- Vasya did not stumble upon me.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Applied to your example, in the first case (тебе попадется много мошенников) - you'd &quot;catch&quot; a lot of thieves. In the second case (ты наткнешься на) - you would stumble upon them. As the thieves are probably actively looking for the prey, it conveys (in a sense) a meaning that &quot;you would be found&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastEditorUserId="8679" LastEditDate="2019-02-05T21:44:44.870" LastActivityDate="2019-02-05T21:44:44.870" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18056" CreationDate="2019-02-03T08:54:29.697" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Попасться&lt;/strong&gt; может &lt;strong&gt;рыба на крючок&lt;/strong&gt;, в сеть. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Попааался!&lt;/strong&gt; - can be said by somebody who catches you, e.g. police. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, which is curious, it is a verb in the active voice. It implies some kind of activity of the subject one comes across or catches, though it may be not deliberate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, another person is catching, but it's the victim's responsibility. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Наткнуться&lt;/strong&gt; можно &lt;strong&gt;на что-то&lt;/strong&gt; самому. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first meaning is &lt;strong&gt;наткнуться на что-то острое&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Наткнуться на нож, наткнуться на ветку дерева в лесу.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я листала журнал и наткнулась на статью как раз на эту тему.&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I came across the article suddenly, but it's me who did it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, yes, you are right, but in the meaning of coming across some information,finding something or somebody occasionally &quot;попасться&quot; is more neutral, and наткнуться is more colloquial. &lt;em&gt;It is more polite to say in a formal conversation &quot;если вам попадётся&quot;, than &quot;если вы наткнётесь на&quot;.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can guess, that it is so because of the embarassing and awkward situation in the first meaning of the second verb. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-02-03T10:20:46.017" LastActivityDate="2019-02-03T10:20:46.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18062" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-03T12:38:11.850" Score="2" ViewCount="254" Body="&lt;p&gt;I google it and found the word &quot;подруга&quot; means &quot;girlfriend&quot;. Does it mean &quot;girlfriend&quot; or &quot;a friend who is a female&quot;? If it means a friend who is a female, it seems weird that she put &quot;есть подруга&quot; in Семейное положение right? And this girl is not a lesbian too. So I really don't understand this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or could &quot;подруга&quot; mean something else like, a boyfriend or lover? Could it mean she has a boyfriend?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11447" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2019-02-05T13:51:24.150" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T04:40:44.647" Title="What does it mean if a girl puts &quot;есть подруга&quot; in Семейное положение?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18063" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-03T15:45:28.033" Score="3" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a doubt regarding Russian grammatical analysis. &#xA;“Вы спрашиваете, что я делаю». &#xA;Что, is it a наречие или местоимение? And Why? &#xA;Thanks in advance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11448" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T16:26:41.953" Title="Grammatical analisys doubt" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18063" CreationDate="2019-02-03T21:21:08.910" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы спрашиваете, что я делаю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Что&lt;/strong&gt; can be either &lt;strong&gt;союз&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;союзное слово (местоимение)&lt;/strong&gt;.It cannot be наречие. There are only two more words, that can be either союз or союзное слово (наречие ). They are &lt;strong&gt;как&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;когда&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are several ways to distinguish between союз and союзное слово.&#xA;1.Союзное слово is always &lt;strong&gt;stressed&lt;/strong&gt;. Like in your sentence. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он сказал,что (он) любит конфеты.(что is not stressed,it's союз)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он спросил,что я делаю.(что is stressed, it's союзное слово)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.Besides you can &lt;strong&gt;leave out&lt;/strong&gt; союз without changing sense &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он сказал, (он) любит конфеты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you cannot leave out союзное слово.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some more ways concerning the &lt;strong&gt;function&lt;/strong&gt; of the word in the sentence or the possibility to &lt;strong&gt;change&lt;/strong&gt; союзное слово.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in your sentence it's &lt;strong&gt;союзное слово (местоимение)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.Function. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он спросил, что я делаю.(я is a subject, делаю is a verb,что is an object)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the sentence Он сказал, что (он) любит конфеты.что has no other function than connecting the main and the subordinate clauses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2019-02-04T20:02:20.730" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T20:02:20.730" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18062" CreationDate="2019-02-04T05:14:47.457" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's depends. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, it's very common for Russian speaking people to use “есть подруга” in Семейное положение just to show that they are good &lt;strong&gt;friends&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But yeh, usually (by grammar) it means that they are a couple.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6326" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T05:14:47.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18067" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-04T05:15:54.820" Score="0" ViewCount="76" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am curios about Валюта meaning currency. What is the origin of the word? Does it come from greek or latin or somewhere else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10890" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T05:49:09.703" Title="Origin of Валюта" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18068" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18071" CreationDate="2019-02-04T05:16:17.383" Score="1" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am curios about Валюта meaning currency. What is the origin of the word? Does it come from greek or latin or somewhere else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10890" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T10:16:30.547" Title="Origin of Валюта" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18068" CreationDate="2019-02-04T05:49:09.703" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's borrowed from Italian, so obviously it's coming from Latin. It's the exact same word as Italian 'valuta'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T05:49:09.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18062" CreationDate="2019-02-04T08:06:46.843" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Подруга&lt;/strong&gt; is most commonly used in the meaning of 'a female friend of another female' (but not a 'girlfriend'). In romantic relationship context, word подруга (or подружка) can often be used by a third person referring to someone's girlfriend, often with a certain level of disapproval or mockery. But I wouldn't normally call 'подруга' someone who I have romantic relationship with. If one wants to unambiguously convey the relationship meaning, he or she would call their girlfriend 'моя девушка' - there is no ambiguity in this expression.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4563" LastEditorUserId="4563" LastEditDate="2019-02-04T08:14:49.233" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T08:14:49.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18068" CreationDate="2019-02-04T08:40:48.527" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia says:&#xA;Слово «валюта» происходит от итал. valuta («стоимость, монета, валюта»), связано с итал. valere («иметь вес, стоить»), которое происходит от лат. valere («быть сильным, иметь возможность, стоить»)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;валюта&quot; comes from Italian. valuta (&quot;cost, coin, currency&quot;), is connected with ital. valere (&quot;have weight, cost&quot;), which comes from the lat. valere (&quot;to be strong, to be able, to be worth»)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10464" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T08:40:48.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18073" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-04T10:50:01.643" Score="5" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like to know what if a girl wrote &quot;есть друг&quot; in her marital status, what does this mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11451" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2019-02-05T13:51:41.503" LastActivityDate="2019-02-10T12:15:56.803" Title="What does it mean if a girl puts “есть друг” in Семейное положение?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2019-02-10T14:27:50.760" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18074" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-04T14:05:40.080" Score="1" ViewCount="258" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &quot;пойди&quot;, &quot;иди&quot; and &quot;начни идти&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Иди&quot; is imperfective, while &quot;пойди&quot; and &quot;начни идти&quot; are perfective. However, as far as I know, both &quot;иди&quot; and &quot;начни идти&quot; are used in the sense of &quot;Start going!&quot; or &quot;Start walking!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's interesting that if we turn &quot;пойди&quot; and &quot;начни идти&quot; into infinitives, then they will both mean the same thing: &quot;пойти&quot; = &quot;начать идти&quot;. However, the imperative forms seem to show some difference in their usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For one, is that &quot;пойди&quot; is, according to my observation, never used in the sense of &quot;Start walking!&quot; - the form &quot;пошёл&quot; is used in such case instead (&quot;Пошёл!&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another difference that I can sense here is that &quot;пойди&quot; always requires some additional modifier. Usually it's a modifier that adds some info about the purpose for the action of going/walking: &quot;Пойди к Сергею.&quot;, &quot;Пойди за молоком.&quot;, &quot;Пойди на концерт.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Начни идти&quot;, however, doesn't need any such modifier and sounds complete as it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any other nuances that I don't see?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Please, note that I am not asking about &quot;сходи&quot; or any other words! I am only asking about the words that I mentioned in my question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2019-02-05T03:40:03.700" LastActivityDate="2019-02-05T03:40:03.700" Title="The difference between &quot;пойди&quot;, &quot;иди&quot; and &quot;начни идти&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18075" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18074" CreationDate="2019-02-04T15:58:43.843" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;While &quot;начни идти&quot; is grammatically correct, it sounds artificial. I rather can imagine more usable phrase &quot;начинай идти&quot;, but I think no one talks like that in usual situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10464" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T15:58:43.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18074" CreationDate="2019-02-04T17:50:48.427" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Начинай or начни идти is not common, but can be used in certain situations. For example, when you are trying to time (e.g. shooting a video) or closely watch (e.g. counting steps, evaluating gait) someone's walking, then you can say начинай идти to alert the person to start moving.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, &quot;Пошёл!&quot; could be used in such situations too (sporting events, competitions), but it won't necessarily apply to walking actions only, but also to running, swimming, horse-riding, etc. &quot;Пошёл!&quot; is less formal, more imperative than иди, and sometimes rude (when used in Go away! meaning). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4563" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T17:50:48.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18077" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18078" CreationDate="2019-02-04T21:33:24.843" Score="1" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do we say &lt;strong&gt;&quot;у него было много энергии и большой талант&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and we don’t use &lt;strong&gt;&quot;были&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11454" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2019-02-04T22:53:52.227" LastActivityDate="2019-02-05T02:38:13.607" Title="Why do we say &quot;было&quot; instead of &quot;были&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18077" CreationDate="2019-02-04T21:51:55.633" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Были&lt;/em&gt; followed by &lt;em&gt;много&lt;/em&gt; sounds unnatural, maybe because &lt;em&gt;много&lt;/em&gt; is undefined and uncountable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's okay however to say &lt;em&gt;&quot;у него были энергия и талант&quot;&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;&quot;у него были талант и много энергии&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T21:51:55.633" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18074" CreationDate="2019-02-04T22:09:40.173" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пойди&quot; and &quot;Иди&quot; would be incomplete without the mention of &quot;Сходи&quot; (meaning &quot;Go somewhere and get back&quot;). If the teller's intention is not to essentially get rid of someone, &quot;сходи&quot; is the most common form (&lt;em&gt;unless&lt;/em&gt; the destination is teller's own location - in that case &quot;подойди&quot; or &quot;зайди&quot; is common).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Пойди за молоком&quot; - almost never used;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Иди за молоком&quot; - &quot;Go get milk already!&quot; (stress on &quot;Go!&quot;);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Сходи за молоком&quot; - &quot;Go get milk&quot; (neutral)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other construct is &quot;Пойди/Иди/Сходи to do something (verb)&quot;. With the verb, all three forms can be used quite widely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Пойди пообедай&quot; - &quot;Go to lunch&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Иди пообедай&quot; - Also &quot;Go to lunch&quot;, but little less polite and more imperative;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Сходи пообедай&quot; - most polite of these forms.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a short form of &quot;пойди&quot; - &quot;поди&quot;. &quot;Поди&quot; is used broadly in a number of phrases (ex. &quot;Поди прочь!&quot;), and also often as an adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Начинай идти&quot; is not a commonly used phrase. I can think only of some specific situations where it can be encountered, like a stage director is addressing the actor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-02-04T22:09:40.173" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18080" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18077" CreationDate="2019-02-05T02:25:18.997" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because &quot;было&quot; is in front of &quot;много энергии и большой талант&quot; it is preferable to use singular &quot;было&quot; rather than multiple.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сложность вызывает согласование сказуемого с несколькими  подлежащими.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При прямом порядке слов сказуемое ставится в форме множественного&#xA;  числа, при обратном сказуемое согласуется с ближайшим из подлежащих.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сравните: Ее судьба, ее конец// Непроницаемою тьмою// От нас закрыты.&#xA;  и Погиб и кормщик и пловец (А.С. Пушкин).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramma.ru/RUS/?id=5.2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://gramma.ru/RUS/?id=5.2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2019-02-05T02:38:13.607" LastActivityDate="2019-02-05T02:38:13.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18081" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18083" CreationDate="2019-02-05T15:09:16.000" Score="1" ViewCount="625" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do we say &quot;100-200 человек&quot; and not the plural form &quot;люди&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11454" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2019-02-05T16:43:03.953" LastActivityDate="2019-02-18T07:15:02.563" Title="Usages of plural form &quot;человек&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18082" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18081" CreationDate="2019-02-05T15:46:08.880" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Люди,народ — uncountable noun(only plural?), so they cannot be applied to a specific number.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You can say: людей/народу было человек 100-200.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Or you can say for an indefinite number: Людей/народа было мало(много).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2019-02-05T15:53:16.887" LastActivityDate="2019-02-05T15:53:16.887" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18081" CreationDate="2019-02-05T15:54:51.040" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Человек&lt;/strong&gt; here works as a &lt;em&gt;unit of measure&lt;/em&gt; (how many?  1 человек - 100 человек - 200 человек...) which needs to have a &lt;em&gt;singular&lt;/em&gt; form in particular (for usage as &lt;strong&gt;1 человек&lt;/strong&gt;). Since the word &lt;strong&gt;люди&lt;/strong&gt; only has &lt;em&gt;plural&lt;/em&gt; form, it can't work as a &lt;em&gt;unit of measure&lt;/em&gt; (is uncountable).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-02-05T15:54:51.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18084" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18092" CreationDate="2019-02-05T23:26:09.143" Score="4" ViewCount="271" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was given these sentences &lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/aa060500a.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; so they can show me how flexible the sentence structure in the Russian language is (these sentences are supposedly similar):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Кошка поймала мышь.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мышь поймала кошка.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Поймала кошка мышь.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Кошка мышь поймала.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мышь кошка поймала.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Поймала мышь кошка.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For sentence number 2. it sounds more like the mouse caught the cat, even when I put it in Google Translate, Yandex translate, it says that the mouse caught the cat, and also I tried to make out sentences 3-6 but they just don't make sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Out of those sentences what is the first one you think of as a russian? i was told the most common was Subject-Verb-Object, which would be 1)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-07-12T07:31:03.267" LastActivityDate="2019-07-12T07:31:03.267" Title="Sentence structure in the following sentences" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18084" CreationDate="2019-02-06T04:49:04.183" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;1,3,4 are the best to my mind. The first is neutral. The third introduces a story. The fourth is the most expressive way to underline the object.&#xA;But all sentences are valid and can be used in certain situations.In numbers 4,5,6 мышь is stressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3)Поймала кошка мышь.(once upon a time a cat caught a mouse)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) Кошка мышь поймала.(It was a mouse this time that a cat caught)mouse is stressed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2019-02-06T05:04:45.570" LastActivityDate="2019-02-06T05:04:45.570" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18081" CreationDate="2019-02-06T04:52:06.957" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;We use человек after &lt;strong&gt;numerals&lt;/strong&gt; and we use людей after a &lt;strong&gt;noun&lt;/strong&gt; which looks like a number. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сто человек, but сотня/сотни людей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So after десяток, сотня, сотни, тысячи, миллионы (without mentioning how many) use only людей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there's an adjective between the numeral and the noun , you should use людей &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;пять незнакомых людей &#xA;  So it's a bit more complicated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2019-02-18T07:15:02.563" LastActivityDate="2019-02-18T07:15:02.563" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18056" CreationDate="2019-02-06T08:30:39.160" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Попасться is to meet by chance, it's rather neutral &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;По дороге к реке мне попалось несколько человек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наткнуться is often negative and more unexpected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я наткнулся на лежащего на полу человека.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-02-06T08:30:39.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17813" CreationDate="2019-02-06T08:41:35.957" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты не хуже меня знаешь правила. Ты не хуже моего знаешь правила.(colloquial ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не меньше твоего хочу отомстить за нее.(colloquial ) Я не меньше тебя хочу отомстить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The constructions are interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-02-06T08:41:35.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18089" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18090" CreationDate="2019-02-06T11:05:31.093" Score="2" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that in Russian we use genitive case for the accusative case of animate masculine and feminine words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: when I’m doing grammatical analysis of the words, what do I have to write for them? Do I have to write that they are in accusative case, even if I know it’s formed like it is genitive? Or do I have to simply write that it is genitive case? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11454" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-02-06T13:54:53.603" LastActivityDate="2019-02-06T13:54:53.603" Title="Genitive and accusative case of animate words" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18089" CreationDate="2019-02-06T11:21:29.797" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, we don't use genitive (or nominative for inanimated nouns) for the accusative. They just look alike. So you must write accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2019-02-06T11:21:29.797" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18084" CreationDate="2019-02-06T13:38:18.650" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;All the sentences mean the same, the choice depends on many things, like context, rhythm, style, etc.. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English just somebody eats somebody, and it's the word order which defines the subject and the object. But in Russian the subject is expressed by a noun or a pronoun in the Nominative case, whereas the object requires any other case but Nominative. And that case is defined by the verb. So, we can see, that in Russian the syntactic relations between words are not necessarily expressed by the word order. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-02-06T13:38:18.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18092" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18084" CreationDate="2019-02-06T23:54:12.483" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For sentence number 2) it sounds more like the mouse caught the cat&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. A question chain here is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;         what has&#xA;  whom?   done?   &#xA; ┌────┐  ┌────┐&#xA; ▼    │  ▼    │ who?&#xA;Мышь поймала кошка&#xA;             ─────&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;thus, &lt;em&gt;мышь&lt;/em&gt; is an object and &lt;em&gt;кошка&lt;/em&gt; is a subject. Now I will explain why I decided so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See, here are three noun categories called declensions; each one has its own set of per-case and per-gender endings. The table below briefly explains the matter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/LmoVW.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/LmoVW.png&quot; alt=&quot;Table of declension of nouns in the Russian language&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What can we take from the table?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;мышь&lt;/em&gt; is 3rd declension where nominative and accusative have the same ending;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;кошка&lt;/em&gt; is 1st declension with clear inter-case difference.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a result, we skip &lt;em&gt;мышь&lt;/em&gt; as an ambiguous word and rely solely on &lt;em&gt;кошка&lt;/em&gt; that clearly is nominative, hence a subject. And by exclusion method &lt;em&gt;мышь&lt;/em&gt; becomes an object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if Google Translate and Yandex turned the meaning inside out, it means they do not use such deep exclusion-based analysis, just caught the first ending and customized the rest of a sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Side note: question chains is a great deal to mark up sentences. It allows you to easily associate six pairs of hint questions in English with a small bunch of endings, associated with individual genders and declensions. The endings though may be learned not directly but via sample words.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7547" LastEditorUserId="7547" LastEditDate="2019-02-07T17:04:17.813" LastActivityDate="2019-02-07T17:04:17.813" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18073" CreationDate="2019-02-07T20:36:26.997" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;That is an odd way to phrase it, but in this context, it probably means she is not single. Barring an odd sense of humor, &quot;друг&quot; most likely means &quot;boyfriend&quot; here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11465" LastActivityDate="2019-02-07T20:36:26.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18084" CreationDate="2019-02-07T21:36:12.923" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;2 is a tough case to understand straight, I don't think it's ever used. I can propose a context that can make it somewhat plausible:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ну что там поймала кошка?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мышь! Мышь поймала кошка.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-02-07T21:36:12.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18056" CreationDate="2019-02-07T22:01:31.893" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Попасться&quot; is the result of catching, even if trying to catch something entirely different. &quot;Я собираю старые монеты, а недавно на распродаже мне попалась подделка.&quot; / &quot;I collect old coins, and recently on a sale I found a fake one&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Наткнуться&quot; is the result of stumbling. Even if someone is searching/catching, the object that is stumbled upon cannot be mistaken for the object being searched. &quot;Я собираю старые монеты, а недавно на распродаже я наткнулся на редкую книгу по нумизматике.&quot; / &quot;I collect old coins, and and recently on a sale I found a rare numismatic book&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-02-07T22:01:31.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18014" CreationDate="2019-02-07T23:11:08.283" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Having two &quot;до этого&quot; in one sentence is not advised, because one of them will mean a point in time, while the other - an object of discussion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this still allows the sentence to be understood, which one of the two &quot;до этого&quot; will mean a point in time will depend on the reader almost entirely, as that sentence structure has no guides either way, which is why going this route is not advised - this would just be confusing to the reader, slowing down their comprehension.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a rule of thumb, I try always to not have any duplicating words precisely because of this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11466" LastActivityDate="2019-02-07T23:11:08.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18098" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18099" CreationDate="2019-02-09T21:14:33.137" Score="3" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I have been reading about «Ночный Дозор», which I intend to read soon, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_Watch_(Lukyanenko_novel)#The_Twilight_(The_Gloom)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia hinted&lt;/a&gt; that those words have slightly different meanings. However, that explanation is very subtle and it left me wondering how does it really work and if it's a type of distinction clearly seen by native speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8679" LastActivityDate="2019-02-09T21:58:34.830" Title="What is the difference between сумерки and сумрак?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18098" CreationDate="2019-02-09T21:50:05.190" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сумерки&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;twilight, dusk&quot;, the time of the day right after the sunset or before the sunrise when it's dark but you can still see.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Сумрак&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;gloom&quot;, a dim or dark setting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The former is a time of the day, the latter is an ambiance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-02-09T21:58:34.830" LastActivityDate="2019-02-09T21:58:34.830" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18073" CreationDate="2019-02-10T12:15:56.803" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means she is in relationship. But that doesn't mean that she is married.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11472" LastActivityDate="2019-02-10T12:15:56.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18101" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18102" CreationDate="2019-02-10T15:06:44.717" Score="4" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &quot;пройти&quot; and &quot;пройтись&quot;? Are they completely interchangeable? Are there any situations, in which only one could be used, but not  the other?   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T07:36:47.790" Title="&quot;пройти&quot; and &quot;пройтись&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18101" CreationDate="2019-02-10T16:57:30.517" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;They're mostly non-interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;in physical sense&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;пройти&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (impf &lt;code&gt;проходить&lt;/code&gt;) - to walk/pass by/through&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он прошёл мимо охранника.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Войдя в квартиру, он прошёл в гостинную.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чтобы попасть на другой берег, нужно пройти по мосту.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Легче верблюду пройти сквозь игольное ушко, чем богачу войти в царствие небесное. &lt;em&gt;(Евангелие от Матфея 19:24)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;пройтись&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (impf &lt;code&gt;прохаживаться&lt;/code&gt;) - to take a walk, to stroll (usually implies to and fro and in an easy pace)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Налетела грусть, ну что ж, пойду пройдусь. &lt;em&gt;(А. Розенбаум &quot;Налетела&#xA;  грусть&quot;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Манекенщица прошлась туда и обратно по подиуму.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About the same difference can be observed between &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;проехать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;проехаться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;пробежать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;пробежаться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; with the only exception being that to these reflexive verbs an easy pace of movement doesn't apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;in figurative sense&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;пройти&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (impf &lt;code&gt;проходить&lt;/code&gt;) - to cease/to go away/to pass off (a condition, a state); to pass (by)/to elapse; to study as a part of school curriculum; to take place; to undergo/to go through&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня прошёл кашель.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прошла уже неделя с тех пор, как у меня прошёл кашель.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;По литературе мы сейчас проходим &quot;Войну и мир&quot;, &quot;Обломова&quot; уже прошли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сейчас в стране проходят выборы. В городе проходят обыски. В Польше проходит конференция ООН по вопросам изменения климата. В Токийском аэропорту Ханэда проходят испытания автобуса с автономным управлением.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Новый метод лечения рака успешно прошёл испытания.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;пройтись&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (colloquial, impf isn't used) - to look/talk through / address several points/items; to rebuke several people; to lambast&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы ещё раз прошлись по пунктам договора.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;После того, как отдел не успел в срок закончить проект, на собрании&#xA;  начальник прошёлся по каждому исполнителю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Невзоров жёстко прошёлся по пропагандистке Скабеевой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-02-13T07:36:47.790" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T07:36:47.790" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18103" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-10T20:12:17.257" Score="2" ViewCount="283" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I need to type in English on Word, I usually rely on speech recognition to save me the hassle of manual typing. Can we dictate in the Russian language into Microsoft Word in the same way? Officially, Windows doesn't seem to support the Russian language for speech recognition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10271" LastActivityDate="2019-02-10T20:12:17.257" Title="Speech recognition, dictation in the Russian language" Tags="&lt;typography&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2019-02-11T17:42:22.000" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18104" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18106" CreationDate="2019-02-11T12:43:03.957" Score="6" ViewCount="295" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a quotation from Chekhov's story &quot;Тоска&quot;(See &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2)#cite_note-1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2)#cite_note-1&lt;/a&gt;). I have googled but couldn't find anything about the meaning of the word &quot;повем&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10790" LastActivityDate="2019-02-11T15:56:48.793" Title="How should I understand the word &quot;повем&quot; in the line &quot;кому повем печаль мою&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;word&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18104" CreationDate="2019-02-11T12:47:50.963" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not quite Russian, it is Old Slavonic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more understandable for Russian version will be &lt;strong&gt;поведаю&lt;/strong&gt;, and the most Russian is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;расскажу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Whom can I tell about my sorrow?&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-02-11T12:47:50.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18104" CreationDate="2019-02-11T13:55:45.823" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the first line of a spiritual chant called &lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/byliny/texts/bst/bst-7272.htm?cmd=p&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Стих плача Иосифа Прекраснаго, егда продаша братия его во Египет&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (&quot;A verse of lamentation of Joseph the Most Beautiful when his brethren sold him into Egypt&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;to whom shall I tell of my sorrow&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Повем&lt;/em&gt; here is a rendition of the Church Slavonic form &lt;em&gt;повѣмь&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;I will tell&quot;, literally &quot;I will let know&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's one of a small bunch of so called athematic verbs, whose conjugation endings lacked vowels and attached directly to stems. There were more verbs like that in Proto-Indo-European but only a few of them remained in Proto-Slavic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There were five such verbs in Church Slavonic: &lt;em&gt;быти&lt;/em&gt; &quot;to be&quot;, &lt;em&gt;дати&lt;/em&gt; &quot;to give&quot;, &lt;em&gt;вѣдѣти&lt;/em&gt; &quot;to know&quot;, &lt;em&gt;ѣсти&lt;/em&gt; &quot;to eat&quot;, &lt;em&gt;имѣти&lt;/em&gt; &quot;to have&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two of those verbs retained the athematic endings in modern Russian: &lt;em&gt;я ем&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;я дам&lt;/em&gt;, others have lost it: &lt;em&gt;поведаю&lt;/em&gt; is the modern Russian way of saying &lt;em&gt;повѣмь&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of athematic forms are fossilized in set phrases like &lt;em&gt;бог весть&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;God (only) knows&quot;), &lt;em&gt;власть имущие&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;the powers that be&quot;, literally &quot;those who have power&quot;) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-02-11T15:56:48.793" LastActivityDate="2019-02-11T15:56:48.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18107" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18110" CreationDate="2019-02-12T11:21:55.680" Score="5" ViewCount="2252" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm working on Russian pronunciation and I have come across a couple of words containing letter о.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;зовут is pronounced as zavut&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;хорошая is pronounced as xaroshaya&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are lots of such words where о pronounced as a.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a grammatical/phonetical rule for this pronunciation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: Thanks for the great answers, I have concluded that deriving a definite rule for this feature is not feasible and I have found a nice CMU pronunciation dictionary also correctly containing words related with this reduction: &lt;a href=&quot;https://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/Acoustic%20and%20Language%20Models/Russian/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/Acoustic%20and%20Language%20Models/Russian/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11479" LastEditorUserId="11479" LastEditDate="2019-02-13T06:05:58.877" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T06:05:58.877" Title="The cases where &quot;о&quot; is pronounced as &quot;a&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;vowel-reduction&gt;&lt;vowel&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2019-02-13T13:30:15.290" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18107" CreationDate="2019-02-12T12:23:36.397" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;General rule is that unstressed &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; is pronounced as &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt;. In my perception though it's not exactly &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt; but something in between.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2019-02-12T12:23:36.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18107" CreationDate="2019-02-12T12:53:05.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If here spelling means what it usually means, i.e. orthography, mostly we spell &lt;strong&gt;o&lt;/strong&gt; and pronounce &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; in unstressed positions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is spelled &lt;strong&gt;молоко&lt;/strong&gt; and said [малако], it's simple. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the rules of writing, we mostly preserve the stem vowels. We can check them knowing other words with the same stem, where the &lt;strong&gt;o&lt;/strong&gt; is stressed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there are no such words, then we have just to remember there is &lt;strong&gt;o&lt;/strong&gt; written. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Молоко - the second o is checked by the word молочный, and the first o&#xA;  is to be memorized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;фотография&lt;/strong&gt; is a borrowing, we cannot check the vowels (but for фото), but we preserve the &lt;strong&gt;o&lt;/strong&gt;-s. And there is no [o] in pronunciation, because the stress is on &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-02-12T12:53:05.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18107" CreationDate="2019-02-12T15:35:38.997" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could probably work something out from etymology, but generally speaking no, except this can only happen for unstressed vowels. Russian spelling is mostly morphological, so a good rule of thumb for stem vowels is to try and find a word that has the vowel in question stressed, though this isn’t always possible. For prefixes and suffixes you’ll just have to remember a list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason for the confusing spelling is that the vowel that confuses you isn’t [a] or [o] but [ɐ]&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;what?&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; or maybe even the familliar English [ə],&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_central_vowel&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;what?&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and vowel phonemes /a/ and /o/ both produce that sound when they undergo &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_reduction_in_Russian#Back_vowels&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;reduction&lt;/a&gt; in an unstressed position after a hard consonant.  This can happen a bit differently in different places: for example, in downtown Moscow you’re more likely to hear a well-articulated [ɐ], whereas moving to the suburbs just 30 kilometers away will get you a much shorter, almost unpronounced sound. Russian speakers usually perceive this as Muscovites emphasising the &lt;em&gt;ah&lt;/em&gt; sound, hence &lt;em&gt;аканье&lt;/em&gt; “&lt;em&gt;ah&lt;/em&gt;-ing”, but the reality is that the sound is always the same, it’s just that the reduction in Moscow is not that strong. Furthermore, in Northern European Russia (the stereotypical example being the city of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vologda&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vologda&lt;/a&gt;) the merger is in fact absent and an unstressed /o/ still sounds &lt;em&gt;oh&lt;/em&gt;-ish, hence &lt;em&gt;оканье&lt;/em&gt; “&lt;em&gt;oh&lt;/em&gt;-ing”. (I hear that the schoolchildren there are quite amused by textbooks that teach them to avoid a spelling mistake that’s impossible to make in their dialect.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, there’s always Belarusian, which is rather close to Russian, but has its spelling organized completely differently, so you can always spell ⟨а⟩  for unstressed /a/~/o/ there :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11480" LastEditorUserId="11480" LastEditDate="2019-02-12T15:47:35.543" LastActivityDate="2019-02-12T15:47:35.543" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18107" CreationDate="2019-02-12T16:34:19.777" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I presume you really care about how Russian “о” is &lt;em&gt;pronounced&lt;/em&gt;, not how it’s spelled in English transliteration (which isn’t fixed, but varies depending on who’s doing the transliteration; it looks like you’re using a transliteration that tries to mimic the variation in pronunciation of “о”, which is a bit unusual).  Briefly, the way to work out how “о” is pronounced in a given Russian word is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You need to know which syllable of the word is stressed.  This often can’t be worked out from spelling (although there are plenty of patterns that can help guess it) — it pretty much has to be learned for each word.  Some textbooks helpfully mark it with an accent, like “молоко́”, but it’s not usually shown in writing at all.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When “о” is in the stressed syllable (eg “дом”), it’s the main Russian “о” sound, [o] in IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When “о” is in the syllable &lt;em&gt;directly before&lt;/em&gt; the stress (eg “зовут”), it’s pronounced with a short Russian “а” sound, [a] in IPA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When “о” is anywhere else in the word, it’s a &lt;em&gt;reduced&lt;/em&gt; vowel, [ə] — roughly the vowel of English un-emphasised &lt;em&gt;“the”&lt;/em&gt;, as in &lt;em&gt;“the cat sat on the mat”&lt;/em&gt;, sometimes written in English as &lt;em&gt;uh&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you listen to the pronunciations of “&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BE/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;хорошо́&lt;/a&gt;” and “&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;молоко́&lt;/a&gt;” on Forvo, you’ll hear the three different pronunciations of “о” in succession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the main rule of thumb to use for learners; &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/18110/1202&quot;&gt;Alex Sphilkin’s answer&lt;/a&gt; gives good more detailed background about variation between different Russian accents/dialects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1202" LastActivityDate="2019-02-12T16:34:19.777" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18081" CreationDate="2019-02-13T04:13:35.663" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word люди is plural, therefore it cannot be measured.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11486" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-02-13T11:18:37.143" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T11:18:37.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17976" CreationDate="2019-02-13T04:27:40.947" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Отец - officially, Папа - tender value&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11486" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T04:27:40.947" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18115" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-13T09:04:07.407" Score="2" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ozon.ru/context/detail/id/1595398/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;book&lt;/a&gt; with translations of American folklore published in the USSR in 1983 to celeberate 25 years of  Soviet-American friendship the translators decided to use the title &quot;Народ, да!&quot; for &quot;Yes, folks!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though from my feeling of both languages, in Russian &quot;Народ, да!&quot; makes generally not very much sense and in this specific context actually no sense at all as &quot;Yes, folks!&quot; seems to be some narrative expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HzeAn.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HzeAn.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would you say &quot;Народ, да!&quot; is correct? Where would you find it in other contexts? Or is Да, народ..!&quot; more correct? In the sense, &quot;такие вот дела!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastEditorUserId="9100" LastEditDate="2019-02-13T15:41:56.300" LastActivityDate="2019-02-14T08:07:08.187" Title="&quot;Народ, да!&quot; или &quot;Да, народ!&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18116" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18115" CreationDate="2019-02-13T12:56:07.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unlike the original title (where people are &lt;em&gt;addressed&lt;/em&gt;), its Russian translation sounds too indefinite. &lt;strong&gt;Народ&lt;/strong&gt; can mean &lt;em&gt;addressed people&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;people of the whole country&lt;/em&gt; or a &lt;em&gt;crowd of people&lt;/em&gt;. So the expression &quot;Да, народ!&quot; (with either word order) &lt;em&gt;without a context&lt;/em&gt; can mean something different in reverse translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Yes, it's about our nation! (It's about our nation, yes!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, some other translation version, e.g. &quot;Да, люди!&quot; (where people are addressed informally) was worth considering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T12:56:07.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17844" CreationDate="2019-02-13T15:10:15.560" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Конструкция&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Surely [noun/pronoun] [verb with negation]&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;подразумевает уверенность говорящего, что происходящее/произошедшее нереально и невозможно, но в то же время передаёт смятение/удивление, поскольку это всё-таки происходит/произошло.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surely this can't be happening? &lt;br&gt;&#xA;Surely his wish had not been fulfilled? &lt;br&gt;&#xA;Surely he can't be dating Victoire?  &lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно сказать, что человек пытается отрицать реальность (the confused human being is in denial). Перевести эту конструкцию на русский язык можно несколькими способами (кроме уже упомянутых в других ответах):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Surely his wish had not been fulfilled?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Но ведь его желание не осуществилось, так ведь/не так ли/верно? (ох как часто эти &amp;quot;хвостики&amp;quot; в конце предложений выручают переводчиков!) &lt;br&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Но не могло же его желание осуществиться? (вариант, похожий на тот, что был предложен &lt;br&gt; @J-mster в комментарии, и он, по-моему, самый удачный)&lt;br&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не может быть, чтоб его желание осуществилось! &lt;br&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Но ведь его желание никак не могло осуществиться, верно? &lt;br&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Но его желание точно не могло осуществиться!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Впрочем, наиболее часто эта конструкция действительно переводится без отрицания, вместо него используется для усиления эффекта изумления частица &lt;em&gt;неужели&lt;/em&gt;, как и заметил автор вопроса.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1329" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T15:10:15.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18115" CreationDate="2019-02-13T18:19:05.873" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The title of the Russian book is a reference to 1936's poem &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_People,_Yes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The People, Yes&lt;/a&gt; by Carl Sandburg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;The people, yes, the people&quot; is a refrain and a recurring theme in this poem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-02-13T18:19:05.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18115" CreationDate="2019-02-14T08:07:08.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hm. As an American born to a Russian speaking mother (meaning I may be very off base), it sounds better in the order that it is written. &amp;lt;&amp;lt;Народ, да!&gt;&gt;, to me, sounds more grandiose. Also, putting народ first, I think, could serve to call for people's attention to да, or the да could be describing the народ. To me, however, &amp;lt;&amp;lt;Да, народ&gt;&gt; could sound more like a confirmation that we are indeed talking about the народ, or be like a response of да to the people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11493" LastActivityDate="2019-02-14T08:07:08.187" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18121" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-14T13:30:24.840" Score="4" ViewCount="264" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть ли смысловая разница между &quot;Зачем он это сделал?&quot; и &quot;Зачем он сделал это?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastActivityDate="2019-03-02T17:16:54.647" Title="Разница между &quot;Зачем он это сделал?&quot; и &quot;Зачем он сделал это?&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18122" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18121" CreationDate="2019-02-14T13:39:11.200" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;В русском языке слово, на которое приходится смысловое/логическое ударение, как правило переносится в конец фразы. Таким образом &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос 1 ставится к сказуемому - зачем сделал.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос 2 ставится к дополнению - зачем сделал именно это, а не что-то другое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-02-14T15:40:23.400" LastActivityDate="2019-02-14T15:40:23.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18121" CreationDate="2019-02-14T19:24:31.287" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;В данном конкретном примере, imho, смысловой разницы никакой. Первый вариант общеупотребительный, второй - поэтический.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В других случаях, например &quot;Зачем он подлость сделал?&quot; и &quot;Зачем он сделал подлость?&quot; все наоборот - второй вариант общеупотребительный, первый - поэтический. Различные слова имеют различные традиции употребления.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И наконец в третьих случаях, когда оба порядка чередования вполне употребительны в обычной речи (напр. &quot;Зачем он скворечник сделал?&quot; и &quot;Зачем он сделал скворечник?&quot;) , я поддержу ответ @Баян Купи-ка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-02-14T19:24:31.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18125" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18134" CreationDate="2019-02-16T00:35:02.507" Score="1" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that the soft and hard signs are not consonants or vowels, but do they fall into as masculine, feminine, or neuter? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Коктейль ? , do we put один одна or одно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastActivityDate="2019-02-17T20:57:40.757" Title="In what category does soft sign and hard sign fall into?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18125" CreationDate="2019-02-16T03:13:04.667" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Words ending with a soft sign can be either masculine (&lt;code&gt;коктейль, пень, лось, тюлень,&lt;/code&gt; etc.) or feminine (&lt;code&gt;тень, дверь, мышь, боль, лень, печаль&lt;/code&gt; etc.). They can't be neuter.&#xA;There are some rules from what I understand, but there are too many exceptions, so really, you just memorize it. I'm not even sure it was explained in school.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that concepts and various phenomena are most likely to be feminine (&lt;code&gt;боль, лень, печаль&lt;/code&gt;, etc). Animated objects, for example animals can go either way (&lt;code&gt;лось and тюлень&lt;/code&gt; are masculine, but &lt;code&gt;мышь and рысь&lt;/code&gt; are feminine).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Бордель&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;отель&lt;/code&gt; are masculine, I assume it's because they are masculine in original French.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that animate objects ending with 'тель' are masculine (&lt;code&gt;приятель, учитель, доверитель, поджигатель,&lt;/code&gt; etc.), but other words with 'тель' can go either way &lt;code&gt;(двигатель, отражатель&lt;/code&gt; - masculine, but &lt;code&gt;метель&lt;/code&gt; is feminine). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Kamchatka there's a river called &lt;code&gt;Парень&lt;/code&gt;, with stress on 'е'. That name is feminine, but the word &lt;code&gt;парень&lt;/code&gt; is obviously masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="10749" LastEditDate="2019-02-17T08:28:16.280" LastActivityDate="2019-02-17T08:28:16.280" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18125" CreationDate="2019-02-16T07:31:58.653" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main thing I say to my students is namely the allusion to the joke mentioned above. Memorize it, because it is impossible to understand. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;masculine words ending in -ь belong to the 2nd type of declension&lt;/strong&gt;, and the &lt;strong&gt;feminine words ending in -ь make up the 3rd type of declension&lt;/strong&gt;. They make different case forms. So, Russian children know just how the word is changed throughout the cases, and it is easier for them to learn that the formal sign of the feminine gender ending in [ж], [ш], [ч], [щ] is the soft sign, and it's the main thing about it they have to study. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Печь - она, but меч - он. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ночь - она, but мяч - он.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Рожь, ложь, тишь, дрожь, мышь - она, but &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;нож, куш, клещ, борщ, фарш - он.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For the rest words, which end in other soft consonants, there is no formal mark to define the gender.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is the experience of usage (hearing, speaking) of those words with case endings and adjectives that helps us define the gender of a noun. Because formally there are no means to understand that день - он, but тень - она. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наводить тень на плетень. Тень - она, плетень - он. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тень - тени - тени - тень - тенью - о тени.  Плетень - плетня - плетню&#xA;  - плетень - плетнём - о плетне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since learners do not have this experience, they have to look such words up. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some words have changed their gender with time. E.g., метро (though there is no -ь there) was initially masculine, when the word was borrowed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но &lt;strong&gt;метро сверкнул&lt;/strong&gt; перилами дубовыми, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сразу всех &lt;strong&gt;он&lt;/strong&gt; седоков околдовал. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then the word was assimilated and gained the typical for Russian -o-ending words neuter gender. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same can happen with feminine and masculine in -ь. Most native speakers don't know which gender is мозоль and use both variants. :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The hard sign has not been used in the end of the words since 1918, so, it does not participate in the gender-forming or defining processes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-02-16T07:31:58.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18128" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18129" CreationDate="2019-02-16T17:41:40.630" Score="7" ViewCount="274" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a popular example of a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntactic_ambiguity&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;syntactically ambiguous&lt;/a&gt; phrase in Russian sometimes used as a linguistic joke:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Возьмём предложение &lt;em&gt;Косой косой косил косой косой&lt;/em&gt; и попробуем определить все возможные варианты частеречной разметки для повторяющихся слов // М. Копотев, &lt;em&gt;Введение в корпусную лингвистику&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I parse this phrase?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11494" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-02-16T20:53:54.003" LastActivityDate="2019-02-17T20:31:00.393" Title="How do I parse this popular linguistic joke in Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;syntax&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18128" CreationDate="2019-02-16T17:59:02.977" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;A cross-eyed hare mowed with a crooked scythe.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;косой:&lt;/strong&gt; adjective, &quot;crooked, skewed, leaning, cross-eyed&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;косой:&lt;/strong&gt; nominalised adjective, same meaning, a folk epithet for a hare&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Cross-eyed one&quot; is what a hare may be called in a fairytale, or in hunters' banter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do the two &quot;cross-eyed&quot;s in a row work? Compare (for lack of a better example I can immediately think of): &quot;a forsaken Forsaken wandered about&quot;. (The second time referring to the race from the Warcraft universe.) Or, &quot;Gollum grabbed his precious &lt;em&gt;precious&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;косил:&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;mowed, was mowing&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;косой:&lt;/strong&gt; same adjective as before, this time in feminine instrumental&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;косой:&lt;/strong&gt; instrumental of &lt;strong&gt;коса&lt;/strong&gt;, &quot;scythe&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a popular joke commenting on the opacity, and overlapping, of Russian grammatical endings, but it usually doesn't have the hare in it, because it starts to get a little bit too contrived. The version I grew up with is &lt;strong&gt;косил косой косой косой&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;a cross-eyed [person] mowed with a crooked scythe&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2019-02-16T18:11:44.690" LastActivityDate="2019-02-16T18:11:44.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18130" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18132" CreationDate="2019-02-16T23:02:03.497" Score="2" ViewCount="243" Body="&lt;p&gt;Back in the seventies (before the revolution) I worked in Iran and one of my contacts was a radiographer who was partly Russian. He had the habit of shouting &quot;Zapriski Fang&quot; as an indication of surprise, anger or pleasure. He refused to tell us what it meant (&quot;It's Russian&quot; was all he would say). Of course my transliteration and/or 40-year memory may be incorrect. The local language was Farsi and we used English for mutual communication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have long wondered what it meant and today I googled/duckduckgoed it (go ahead, I saw nothing dangerous). I got zero meaningful text results but loads of images where I can see no pattern whatever. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what is (or was) Zapriski Fang? And what are all the images?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: the pronunciation was roughly to rhyme with &quot;a whisky bang&quot; or &quot;the frisky gang&quot;, with the stress on the second syllable. Other staff (doctors, nurses) would have heard him and did not react, so it is unlikely to have been a Farsi or local-dialect obscenity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11500" LastEditorUserId="11500" LastEditDate="2019-02-17T18:42:44.440" LastActivityDate="2019-02-24T17:46:25.007" Title="Meaning of Zapriski Fang" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18132" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18130" CreationDate="2019-02-17T09:01:27.967" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @MikeHas noted, this is probably&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Запри скафандр - Zapri scaphan[dre] - Lock (your) space-suit up&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I doubt if that could have some relation to Heinlein or such. For me, it sounds just like a very rare saying of surprise (so rare, I admit I never heard this one before).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2019-02-17T09:01:27.967" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18130" CreationDate="2019-02-17T09:03:15.870" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as at that time it was not so typical to use obscene language in public,and, on the other hand, we can use any &lt;strong&gt;phrase deprived of its lexical meaning&lt;/strong&gt; as an euphemism to show surprise, anger or pleasuse, it can be whatever you want. I like the version with &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Запри скафандр&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; by @Mike Has, but we can't say for sure. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My grandmother used &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Забодай тебя комар!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, which means &quot;Let a mosquito gore you&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can say &lt;strong&gt;&quot;японский городовой!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&quot;твою дивизию!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, and many other semi-decent phrases implying a more swearing phrase, as they are parallel in construction and have sound similarities with it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But folk non-obscene expressive phrases like &lt;strong&gt;&quot;забодай [тебя] комар&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; can be used even in a group where children are present. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-02-24T17:46:25.007" LastActivityDate="2019-02-24T17:46:25.007" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18125" CreationDate="2019-02-17T20:57:40.757" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The hard sign and the soft sign (Ъ and Ь) are neither consonants nor vowels; they are categorized as 'signs' (знаки).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are no words in modern Russian that end in a hard sign.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are rules that one can use to assign the correct gender to 75% of all words ending in the soft sign and they are described in &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/14641/2104&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt;. However, коктейль belongs to the 25% that you will have to memorize (or develop a hunch for).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Коктейль is masculine:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Один коктейль, пожалуйста! &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А лучше два коктейля! :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-02-17T20:57:40.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18136" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-19T06:32:44.873" Score="2" ViewCount="248" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему мы читаем романы &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Фёдора Достоевского&lt;/a&gt;, но читаем стихи &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8,_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Чарльза Буковски&lt;/a&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5584" LastActivityDate="2019-02-19T17:17:12.753" Title="Почему Фёдор Достоевский, но Чарльз Буковски?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18136" CreationDate="2019-02-19T07:04:19.690" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Потому что Буковски - это иностранная фамилия, и ее склонять по русским правилам не принято. Нет русских фамилий на -и, которые бы склонялись в единственном числе. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А Достоевский - русский писатель с русской фамилией, которую мы склоняем. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как Дарвин - с Дарвином, но Ленин - с Лениным. Разные правила для иностранных и русских фамилий. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-02-19T07:13:15.427" LastActivityDate="2019-02-19T07:13:15.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18136" CreationDate="2019-02-19T09:12:33.517" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Транскрипция только &lt;strong&gt;польских&lt;/strong&gt; фамилий даёт в русском варианте &quot;-ий&quot;, и если это делается &lt;em&gt;через английский&lt;/em&gt; язык, то в случаях, когда польское происхождение носителя фамилии хорошо известно, например Збигнев Бжезинский.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Польско-русская_практическая_транскрипция&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В нашем же случае автор (по википедии) - &lt;em&gt;немецкого&lt;/em&gt; происхождения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-02-19T09:12:33.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18139" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-19T09:42:51.313" Score="4" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;Verb prefixes are a complex topic in the Russian language, something like phrasal verbs for those learning English. I have encountered a number of words recently with two prefixes and I was wondering what native speakers have to say about their formation.&#xA;I heard the first example from the director of the &lt;code&gt;кафедра&lt;/code&gt; at the university I work at. She was after someone for their paperwork and she said something like: &lt;blockquote&gt; Я немножко &lt;strong&gt;понаеду&lt;/strong&gt; на него.&lt;/blockquote&gt; Recently, reading through some of Bulat Okudzhava's poems/songs, I encountered the following verse in the poem &lt;code&gt;Ах, Надя, Наденька&lt;/code&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt; Ах, Надя, брось коней кнутом нащелкивать &lt;br&gt; &lt;strong&gt;попридержи&lt;/strong&gt;-ка их, поговорим. &lt;/blockquote&gt; These two examples struck me for their interesting combination of two prefixes. At least in the Okudzhava verse, it seems like the combination of &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;при&lt;/strong&gt; is even somewhat redundant. I was hoping native speakers could comment on this observation, is it generally acceptable to attach &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; to prefixed verbs? If I had to attempt such a formation I might try the following: &lt;blockquote&gt; Понакоплю денег, поеду в Китай.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;Lastly, out of pure curiosity, are there any other prefixes which might work like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6550" LastActivityDate="2019-02-20T18:25:03.717" Title="Forming Words with Two Prefixes - по + приставка" Tags="&lt;приставки&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18139" CreationDate="2019-02-19T11:32:31.863" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In principle it can be added on top of any prefixed verb. But in practice it seems some specific prefixes are more likely to be augmented with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the one hand it appears to be a feature of vernacular and language of commoners but on the other it's not to my observation very current in speech of urban residents. I guess it's a phenomenon which gradually obsolesces and nowadays could paradoxically enough be a marker of an educated person who's aware of semantic nuances such addition imparts a verb. Just like the case is with the almost completely obsolete verb model of habitual action &lt;em&gt;сиживать, хаживать, едать, пивать, видывать, говаривать&lt;/em&gt; etc. or another soon-to-be obsolete model of intermittent/small scale action &lt;em&gt;поделывать, пописывать, послушивать, посматривать, почитывать&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Okudzhava's verse it's not redundant because it either imparts a connotation of the adverb 'a little' or, along with the particle &lt;strong&gt;-ка&lt;/strong&gt;, softens the imperative &lt;strong&gt;придержи&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your attempt is totally legit. I believe you understand the nuance in the meaning of the new verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Despite the answers of other contributors &lt;strong&gt;понакопить&lt;/strong&gt; is attested in literature even though in written sources it generally occurs very seldom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ф.Ф. Вигель &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=YtInDwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT270&amp;amp;lpg=PT270&amp;amp;dq=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;«Записки» (1830 г.)&lt;/a&gt; том 2&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда он &lt;strong&gt;понакопил&lt;/strong&gt; несколько денег, то взялся за ум, то есть принялся&#xA;  за торговлю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В.Т. Нарежный &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=jSaiAAAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT322&amp;amp;lpg=PT322&amp;amp;dq=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;«Российский Жилблаз, или Похождения князя Гаврилы Симоновича Чистякова»&lt;/a&gt; (1813 г.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Проживши в Туле более десяти лет, я &lt;strong&gt;понакопил&lt;/strong&gt; кое-чего, и решился&#xA;  провести остаток жизни с тобою и твоею дочерью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ник Перумов, Дарья Зарубина &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=j0VqCwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT8&amp;amp;lpg=PT8&amp;amp;dq=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;«Верное слово»&lt;/a&gt; (2016 г.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;За тот фронтовой должок Игорь так и не расчитался, - их развела война,&#xA;  его на Первый Украинский, её на Первый Белорусский - зато &lt;strong&gt;понакопил&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  новых во время учёбы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In quotations 2 and 3 &lt;strong&gt;понакопил&lt;/strong&gt; cannot be replaced with &lt;strong&gt;поднакопил&lt;/strong&gt; since in them the connotation of the verb in question is different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;поднакопить&lt;/strong&gt; = to save a little, &lt;strong&gt;понакопить&lt;/strong&gt; = to save little by little, in increments over time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-02-20T18:25:03.717" LastActivityDate="2019-02-20T18:25:03.717" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18139" CreationDate="2019-02-19T11:38:12.677" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;...is it generally acceptable to attach по to prefixed verbs?..&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer is it depends. &lt;code&gt;попридержи&lt;/code&gt; sounds very natural to me (at least in the context of the cited poem). Here are more examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;попридержи язык (hold your tongue), попридержи лошадей (hold your horses)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say &lt;code&gt;придержи язык&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;придержи лошадей&lt;/code&gt; to mean the same thing. &lt;code&gt;По&lt;/code&gt; makes it all sound more urgent, imperative, emphatic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;По&lt;/code&gt; is not a &quot;universal&quot; prefix. There is no such thing, I think. For example, I wouldn't say &lt;code&gt;Понакоплю денег, поеду в Китай.&lt;/code&gt; I'd rather say &lt;code&gt;поднакоплю денег, поеду в Китай&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я немножко понаеду на него.&quot; To be honest, I don't quite understand what she meant by this. There is the slang phrase &lt;code&gt;наезжать на кого-то&lt;/code&gt;, but &lt;code&gt;понаезжать на кого-то&lt;/code&gt; sounds awkward to me. But &lt;code&gt;не наезжай на меня&lt;/code&gt; (lighten up on me, give me a break) is OK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;...are there any other prefixes which might work like this?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are a few examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;недоперепил &lt;em&gt;(crazy, I know)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;что-то я сегодня наперепроверялся сочинений!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you need help with any of the examples above, please let me know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2019-02-19T11:48:39.590" LastActivityDate="2019-02-19T11:48:39.590" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18139" CreationDate="2019-02-19T12:25:00.583" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;first&lt;/em&gt; sentence doesn't sound Russian. &#xA;The verb &lt;strong&gt;понаехать&lt;/strong&gt; is about &lt;em&gt;people&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; a single person) who've come (приехали) to some place (e. g. to dwell there) in big numbers (&lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;ехали) while doing that gradually (&lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;наехали - &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;степенно &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;ехали в большом количестве). That sentence would only make sense with the single-prefixed verb &lt;strong&gt;наеду&lt;/strong&gt; (на него) which informally (&lt;strong&gt;наехать&lt;/strong&gt; на кого-л.) can have the meaning &lt;em&gt;'&lt;strong&gt;to confront&lt;/strong&gt; someone (with something)'&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;em&gt;second&lt;/em&gt; example, the verb usage is correct. The &lt;strong&gt;при-&lt;/strong&gt; prefix adds something like '&lt;em&gt;slightly&lt;/em&gt;' and the по- prefix adds something like '&lt;em&gt;for a while&lt;/em&gt;' to the sense of the verb &lt;strong&gt;(у)держать&lt;/strong&gt;. However, it doesn't mean that those prefixes work &lt;em&gt;exactly&lt;/em&gt; so or that you can use them to invent new verbs (it's not a good idea).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;third&lt;/em&gt; example sounds wrong: the verb should be &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;под&lt;/strong&gt;накоплю&lt;/em&gt;. The subtle meaning of the &lt;strong&gt;под-&lt;/strong&gt; prefix (literally, '&lt;em&gt;under&lt;/em&gt;') here can be thought of as reaching some amount of money while staying below/&lt;em&gt;under&lt;/em&gt; the desired numbers in the process of reaching it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-02-19T12:25:00.583" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18143" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18136" CreationDate="2019-02-19T17:08:20.193" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Общая установка на то, что иностранные фамилии остаются иностранными, даже когда они морфологически прозрачны в силу происхождения из родственных славянских языков (или даже русского). Бывала и противоположная традиция, когда не имеющий никакой славянской этимологии* силач Eugene Sandow дотягивался до «Евгения Сандова», но мы живем при устоявшихся в советское время академических нормах, и если они и меняются, то в сторону еще большей «неприкосновенности» иностранных фамилий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*или, возможно, отдаленную западнославянскую через немецкий топоним Sandau, но вряд ли дореволюционные «локализаторы» заходили так глубоко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2019-02-19T17:17:12.753" LastActivityDate="2019-02-19T17:17:12.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18139" CreationDate="2019-02-20T10:16:48.077" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я немножко понаеду на него - people don't talk like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ах, Надя, брось коней кнутом нащелкивать&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;попридержи&lt;/strong&gt;-ка их, поговорим&quot;.&#xA;Like a:&#xA;- let's just slow down on the honesty part&#xA;- ... to slow down a bit&#xA;(not to stop completely)&#xA;По - &quot;on the honesty part&quot; or &quot;a bit&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Понакоплю денег, поеду в Китай&quot; - people don't talk like that.&#xA;Maybe &quot;По&lt;strong&gt;Д&lt;/strong&gt;накоплю денег, поеду в Китай&quot; - to save a little.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11512" LastActivityDate="2019-02-20T10:16:48.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18146" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-20T18:24:51.070" Score="2" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the best Russian translation fo word Nest in technical context ? For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;f[x] applies f to x. f[f[x]] applies f to f[x], or effectively nests the application of f. It’s common to want to repeat or nest a function.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This simple term, NEST, has not exact analog in Russian as it seems. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11051" LastEditorUserId="11051" LastEditDate="2019-02-25T18:19:39.787" LastActivityDate="2019-02-25T18:19:39.787" Title="What is the best Russian translation fo word Nest in technical context?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18146" CreationDate="2019-02-20T18:37:25.707" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's some language used to describe function nesting:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Композиция функций&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вложенная / внутренняя функция&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-02-21T07:22:22.897" LastActivityDate="2019-02-21T07:22:22.897" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18150" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18154" CreationDate="2019-02-21T22:42:01.283" Score="6" ViewCount="822" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the function of the word &amp;quot;ли&amp;quot; in the following contexts? I came across of this word in many sentences in a conversation book, and I really don't understand it and where I have to put it. Is there equivalent in English?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть &lt;strong&gt;ли&lt;/strong&gt; у вас дети? (Have you got any children?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Могу &lt;strong&gt;ли&lt;/strong&gt; я пригласить вас на обед? (May I invite you to lunch?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-02-22T02:10:03.747" Title="What's the function of the word &quot;ли&quot; in the following contexts?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18150" CreationDate="2019-02-21T23:29:14.577" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ли shows the intonation of the verb when the question starts with it. These questions mean the same, just the stress on the first word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У вас есть дети?&#xA;Есть ли у вас дети?&#xA;(А) Дети у вас есть? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я могу пригласить вас на обед?&#xA;Могу ли я пригласить вас на обед?&#xA;Вас я могу пригласить на обед?&#xA;На обед я могу вас пригласить? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11517" LastEditorUserId="11517" LastEditDate="2019-02-21T23:36:05.107" LastActivityDate="2019-02-21T23:36:05.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18152" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-21T23:37:19.197" Score="0" ViewCount="45" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which preposition is correct to put in the following sentence if I want to ask a person to admit on a mistake that he did.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ти должен допускат &lt;strong&gt;про /На /за&lt;/strong&gt; ето.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastActivityDate="2019-02-21T23:50:46.567" Title="Which preposition matched to this context?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-02-21T23:42:30.027" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18152" CreationDate="2019-02-21T23:50:46.567" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ты должен признать свою ошибку (это) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тебе следует признать свою ошибку&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты не должен допускать ошибок - you shouldn't make mistakes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я допускаю, что ты не заметил эту ошибку - I admit that you didn't notice this mistake&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11517" LastActivityDate="2019-02-21T23:50:46.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18150" CreationDate="2019-02-21T23:55:17.493" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ли&lt;/em&gt; is an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrogative_word&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;interrogative particle&lt;/a&gt;. It's a function word which you add to the sentences when asking questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's compulsory in indirect polar questions (the questions answerable with yes or no) in Russian, similar to &quot;if&quot; or &quot;whether&quot; in indirect polar questions in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я спросил, есть ли у него дети // I asked him if he had kids.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, but in Russian, unlike English, it may be used in direct polar questions as well, as it is in your examples, if your question starts with a verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-02-21T23:55:17.493" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18156" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18157" CreationDate="2019-02-23T07:15:47.373" Score="2" ViewCount="373" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to fully understand these words in English language (I know this is a Russian Stack Exchange site but I think this is a proper place to ask this question). So in Russian you can say:&#xA;- Я должен сделать что-то (I must? Should?)&#xA;- Мне нужно сделать что-то (I need?)&#xA;- Я обязан сделать что-то&#xA;- Мне необходимо сделать что-то&#xA;- Мне следует сделать что-то (should?)&#xA;And I am not quite sure what English words I need to use for these situations and also if they are directly translatable (as must is always = должен?). Appreciate any feedback and clarification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11520" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-02-23T13:13:23.297" LastActivityDate="2019-02-23T13:32:09.760" Title="What are Russian equivalents of &quot;must&quot;, &quot;need&quot;, &quot;should&quot; and &quot;have to&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18156" CreationDate="2019-02-23T07:41:21.460" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The topic is too vast to cover it here. The simplistic answer would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;must&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = обязан / должно быть&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;need&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = нужно / надо / необходимо&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;should&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = следует / следовало бы&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;have to&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = должен&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;must&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;have to&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; would be synonymous if applied to oneself as in &lt;strong&gt;I must go = I have to go&lt;/strong&gt; and mean &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;должен&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also nowadays rarely used &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;ought to&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which i believe is mostly synonymous with  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;should&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And also often there won't be a one to one or consistent translation of the modal words because their use cases in two languages may differ. The more idiomatic translation of the above mentioned &lt;strong&gt;I must go = I have to go&lt;/strong&gt; into Russian in my opinion would be &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;мне нужно/надо идти&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; rather than &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;я должен идти&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, despite the use of &lt;strong&gt;must/have to&lt;/strong&gt; in the original.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-02-23T13:32:09.760" LastActivityDate="2019-02-23T13:32:09.760" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18158" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-23T13:52:25.850" Score="2" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between вернуться and вернусь? &#xA;Many times I'm confused between these two.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I'm coming back home.  Я &lt;strong&gt;вернуться&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;вернусь&lt;/strong&gt; домой. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastActivityDate="2019-02-23T14:49:43.803" Title="What's the difference between вернуться and вернусь?" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18158" CreationDate="2019-02-23T14:49:43.803" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вернуться is an infinitive &quot; to return,to come back&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он улетел, но обещал вернуться (He has flown away, but promised to return.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вернусь is a future tense, first person,singular&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вернусь домой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-02-23T14:49:43.803" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18160" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18162" CreationDate="2019-02-24T12:57:21.323" Score="2" ViewCount="440" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that these three expressions are an invitation to do something or go somewhere. I would use “давай” as in “come on” or “come with me”. “поехали” and ”пойдём” would be more like “let’s go”, but I think it’s a bit too simplistic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In which case either of these expressions would be preferred over the other, and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What words must we use with each expression (e.g. must be followed by a verb or must be followed by a location)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11522" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-02-27T11:09:23.380" LastActivityDate="2019-02-27T11:09:23.380" Title="When to use поехали, давай or пойдём?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18161" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18160" CreationDate="2019-02-24T14:15:35.517" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Давай» is more like &quot;let's&quot;, it's not used today without another verb: «давай пойдём» — &quot;let's go&quot;, «давай поговорим» — &quot;let's talk&quot; etc. It can be also used as a phrase itself, roughly like &quot;sure&quot;: «Поужинаем вместе? — Давай», &quot;Let's have dinner together? — Sure&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Поехали» is more like &quot;go!&quot; (not necessarily about moving) and is usually used as a phrase: «Нужен мозговой штурм. Поехали!» — &quot;We need to brainstorm this. Go!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Пойдём» is always about moving, and it's somewhat like &quot;let's go&quot;, like «Пойдём покурим» — &quot;let's go have a smoke&quot;, or «Пойдём в кино» — &quot;let's go to the movies&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4620" LastActivityDate="2019-02-24T14:15:35.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18160" CreationDate="2019-02-24T14:30:02.523" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Поехали&lt;/strong&gt; could be used colloquially in the sense of &lt;strong&gt;пойдём&lt;/strong&gt;, regardless of means of movement to be undertaken, like in &lt;strong&gt;поехали в кино&lt;/strong&gt;, а slangier version is &lt;strong&gt;погнали&lt;/strong&gt;... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Давай&lt;/strong&gt; normally requires a verb, in some cases it could be used with adverbials of destination only, like in &lt;strong&gt;давай на футбол&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;давай в магаз&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;давай ко мне&lt;/strong&gt;. This construction along with &lt;strong&gt;айда + &lt;em&gt;adverbial of destination&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be heard in informal conversations of youth in Soviet era movies, but in my lifetime and in my region it has been vanishingly rare, so it could sound somewhat artificial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is though a standard colloquial phrasing for guiding a movement towards certain direction - &lt;strong&gt;давай сюда / туда / на|влево/левее / на|вправо/правее / назад / прямо / на север/юг/восток/запад / вниз/ниже/ на|вверх/выше / ближе/дальше&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-02-25T18:49:16.450" LastActivityDate="2019-02-25T18:49:16.450" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18163" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18164" CreationDate="2019-02-26T09:53:29.457" Score="4" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У них есть энтузиазм и искренняя преданность своему делу, чего в целом так недостаёт всей системе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone explain how is &lt;em&gt;&quot;чего&quot;&lt;/em&gt; used here after the comma? what is its function? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10593" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2019-02-26T14:09:16.927" LastActivityDate="2019-02-27T19:02:23.387" Title="What is function of &quot;чего&quot; in this sentence?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;subordinate-clause&gt;&lt;complex-sentence&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18163" CreationDate="2019-02-26T12:22:43.593" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чего&lt;/strong&gt; here refers to the subject and the predicate of the 1st clause as a single unit (&lt;strong&gt;есть энтузиазм и искренняя преданность&lt;/strong&gt;) and is a Genitive inflection form of the pronoun &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; because the verb &lt;strong&gt;недостаёт&lt;/strong&gt; governs Genitive case (&lt;strong&gt;кого?/чего?&lt;/strong&gt;). Essentially it turns the main clause into the object of the verb &lt;strong&gt;недостаёт&lt;/strong&gt; in the subordinate clause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare the English&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They exhibit enthusiasm about and genuine commitment to their work, &lt;strong&gt;which (is what)&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;the entire system has so little of / &lt;strong&gt;in which&lt;/strong&gt; the entire system is so deficient.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make subordinate clause only refer to the subject of the main clause the sentence can be rephrased to read&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У них есть энтузиазм и искренняя преданность своему делу, &lt;strong&gt;которых&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;в целом так недостаёт всей системе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the actual complex sentence can also be turned into a compound sentence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У них есть энтузиазм и искренняя преданность своему делу, &lt;strong&gt;и этого&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;в целом так недостаёт всей системе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They exhibit enthusiasm about and genuine commitment to their work, &lt;strong&gt;and this is what&lt;/strong&gt; the entire system lacks so badly&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-02-27T19:02:23.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18165" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-02-27T03:49:15.133" Score="2" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;Путин: &quot;США сами все нарушают, а их сателлиты &lt;em&gt;аккуратно&lt;/em&gt; им &lt;em&gt;подхрюкивают&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What should that exactly mean? Are NATO leaders compared here pejoratively to disciplined swines due to their agreements with US those (the agreements/acceptance) he wants to criticize as unlawful?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastActivityDate="2019-02-27T05:52:09.947" Title="What should be &quot;аккуратно подхрюкивать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18165" CreationDate="2019-02-27T05:52:09.947" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case аккуратно means carefully. &#xA;And подхрюкивать means that NATO leaders is yes-men&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So here oink-oink of swines compared to yes-yes(agreements of Nato leaders with US) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11533" LastActivityDate="2019-02-27T05:52:09.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12606" CreationDate="2019-02-27T06:05:11.897" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Да&quot; means &quot;and&quot; in this case. But its outdated form, now we usually don't use &quot;да&quot; in means of &quot;and&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11533" LastActivityDate="2019-02-27T06:05:11.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18163" CreationDate="2019-02-27T15:37:58.470" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У них есть энтузиазм и искренняя преданность своему делу, &lt;strong&gt;чего&lt;/strong&gt; в целом так недостаёт всей системе.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это стандартное сложноподчиненное предложение с &lt;strong&gt;придаточным распространительно-присоединительным&lt;/strong&gt; (или просто присоединительным).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Такие придаточные присоединяются союзным словом ЧТО в разных формах (или наречиями &lt;em&gt;почему, отчего, зачем&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Союзное слово ЧТО (здесь в форме родительного падежа)  &lt;strong&gt;частично или полностью вмещает в себя содержание главной части:&lt;/strong&gt; У них есть энтузиазм и искренняя преданность своему делу, &lt;strong&gt;чего&lt;/strong&gt; (этих качеств, то есть энтузиазма и преданности) так недостаёт всей системе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Другие примеры:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гусь потянул за верёвку, &lt;strong&gt;отчего&lt;/strong&gt; раздался выстрел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я скоро буду в Петербурге, &lt;strong&gt;о чём&lt;/strong&gt; уже писал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дождь начинался и тут же переставал, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; часто бывает осенью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еще один интересный вопрос: являются ли &lt;strong&gt;синонимичными&lt;/strong&gt; следующие предложения?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) У них есть энтузиазм и преданность,  &lt;strong&gt;чего&lt;/strong&gt; недостает системе.&#xA;(2) У них есть  энтузиазм и преданность,  &lt;strong&gt;которых&lt;/strong&gt; недостает системе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На первый взгляд они похожи, но это не совсем так. Первое предложение — это &lt;strong&gt;распространение и присоединение&lt;/strong&gt;, а второе предложение — это &lt;strong&gt;распространение и определение&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В первом случае &lt;strong&gt;зависимые&lt;/strong&gt; отношения выражены в меньшей степени, они ближе к однородным &lt;strong&gt;сопоставительным&lt;/strong&gt;, а здесь речь идет именно &lt;strong&gt;о сопоставлении&lt;/strong&gt; (они и система). Определительные отношения во втором предложении выражают сопоставление менее чётко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-02-27T18:26:56.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18121" CreationDate="2019-02-27T19:02:39.523" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Общие положения&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В повествовательном предложении нейтральной тональности (без логических ударений) &lt;strong&gt;тоническое ударение действительно падает на конец фразы.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Стандартное предложение состоит из двух фраз, &lt;strong&gt;восходящего и нисходящего тона&lt;/strong&gt; (повышение тона – пауза – понижение тона), например: &lt;em&gt;Завтра Утром // мы поедем в пАрк&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Тоническое ударение может &lt;strong&gt;смещаться с конца фразы&lt;/strong&gt; только при логическом выделении отдельных слов).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Немного иначе строится &lt;strong&gt;вопросительное предложение,&lt;/strong&gt; например: &lt;em&gt;Мы завтра поедем в парк?&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этом случае логическое ударение падает на то слово, к которому относится вопрос. (Логическое ударение – это тоническое ударение с дополнительным усилением голоса). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В приведенном предложении ударение может падать &lt;strong&gt;на любое из четырех слов:&lt;/strong&gt; мы или кто? завтра или в другой день? поедем или не поедем? в парк или еще куда? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;После повышение тона на нужном слове голос остается на том же уровне, то есть не понижается в конце фразы (это отличительное свойство &lt;strong&gt;вопросительной интонации&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Решение задачи&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не имеет смысла проводить анализ предложения, если &lt;strong&gt;неясна речевая ситуация,&lt;/strong&gt; поэтому представим такой диалог.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Петя толкнул Машу. Учитель спрашивает: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– ЗачЕм //ты это сделал?  Почему ты всё время обижаешь Машу?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Я не хотел её обижать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Зачем же ты //сдЕлал это?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В обозначенной ситуации  по смыслу мы можем выделить &lt;strong&gt;два слова&lt;/strong&gt;: или само действие (сделал), или его цель (зачем). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Структура предложений при этом &lt;strong&gt;перестраивается&lt;/strong&gt; так, чтобы было удобно сделать повышение тона на нужном слове.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Таким образом, ответ такой.&lt;/strong&gt; Разная структура предложений позволяет наилучшим образом выделить логическим ударением то слово, к которому относится вопрос, а это разные слова (сделал, зачем).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastActivityDate="2019-02-27T19:02:39.523" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18170" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18172" CreationDate="2019-02-27T22:28:49.880" Score="0" ViewCount="125" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can someone from Russian-speaking countries (physicist preferably) check the validity of the following translation from English to Russian language:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Theoretical Predictions of Highly Energetic Particles Energy Loss in Quark-Gluon Plasma&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теоретические прогнозы потерь энергии частиц высоких энергий в кварк-глюонной плазме&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11536" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T14:03:26.763" Title="Translation from English to Russian" Tags="&lt;english&gt;&lt;физика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18171" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18173" CreationDate="2019-02-27T22:35:54.307" Score="1" ViewCount="175" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Куда мы?&quot; and &quot;куда мы пойдем?&quot; are the same?&#xA;and meaning of both are these:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Where will we go?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Where are we going?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2019-02-28T11:34:41.513" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T12:09:48.387" Title="&quot;Куда мы?&quot; или &quot;куда мы пойдем?&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18170" CreationDate="2019-02-27T23:21:42.993" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The translation is correct in general, but some style issues could be here. Probably, you should better ask physicists. I interested in physics only on a popular level, I would translate this as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Теоретическое предсказание потерь энергии частиц высоких энергий в кварк-глюонной плазме&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, &quot;теоретический расчет&quot; instead of &quot;теоретическое предсказание&quot;. &quot;Прогноз&quot; is usually applied to wheather forecast.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Also, you can use &quot;высокоэнергетические частицы&quot; instead of &quot;частиц высоких энергий&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Теоретическое предсказание потерь энергии высокоэнергетических частиц в кварк-глюонной плазме&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW, all particles in quark-gluon plasma have high energy. Possibly, this phrase has a tautology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastEditorUserId="4481" LastEditDate="2019-02-28T11:04:28.237" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T11:04:28.237" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18171" CreationDate="2019-02-28T00:29:56.280" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, they mean those two things. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you choose to use &lt;code&gt;Куда мы?&lt;/code&gt;, you should remember it's more colloquial:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Mother: Куда вы? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Children: В парк.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;=&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Mother: Куда вы &lt;em&gt;идёте&lt;/em&gt;? (at the moment of speaking or in the nearest future)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Children: В парк.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Куда вы пойдёте?&lt;/code&gt; can only mean future. Use &lt;code&gt;идёте&lt;/code&gt; or just &lt;code&gt;куда вы?&lt;/code&gt; if you need to refer to the moment of speaking. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T00:29:56.280" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18174" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18178" CreationDate="2019-02-28T00:42:20.307" Score="0" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Со стороны Верхнего озера главный вход в башню прикрывался &lt;strong&gt;отводной стрельней&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have found the definition of стрельня:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Стрельня - башня в древнерусском крепостном зодчестве.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what is &lt;code&gt;отводная стрельня&lt;/code&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T12:58:46.457" Title="The meaning of &quot;отводная стрельня&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18174" CreationDate="2019-02-28T06:35:16.097" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess it is the same as &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;отводная стрельница&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, which is just a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbican&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;barbican&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11368" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T06:35:16.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7692" CreationDate="2019-02-28T12:04:47.647" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's possible to play with 'заработать' as 'утомить' (to make someone tired).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4785" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T12:04:47.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18171" CreationDate="2019-02-28T12:09:48.387" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;IMO, those versions are used in &lt;em&gt;different&lt;/em&gt; situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Куда мы&lt;/strong&gt;?&quot; A typical context: a small group of people walks down the street but unexpectedly for the speaker everyone else changes their direction and that's when the question is asked. Its sense: '&lt;em&gt;where are we heading to &lt;strong&gt;now&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/em&gt;' The question is incomplete since the verb &lt;strong&gt;идём&lt;/strong&gt; (going/heading to) is omitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Куда мы пойдем?&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Where &lt;strong&gt;shall&lt;/strong&gt; we go?&lt;/em&gt;) That's simply about plans for the nearest &lt;strong&gt;future&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T12:09:48.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18174" CreationDate="2019-02-28T12:58:46.457" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's possbible to find the word &lt;em&gt;стрельница&lt;/em&gt; in dictionaries. It must be the same as &lt;em&gt;стрельня&lt;/em&gt;. Such &lt;strong&gt;ARCHAIC&lt;/strong&gt; words may have different variants, because they had been used by people quite before formalised texts and dictionaries were created. &lt;em&gt;Отводная&lt;/em&gt; is derived from the word &lt;em&gt;отвод&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;отводить&lt;/em&gt; - direct or turn smth., change or tap smth.) - my guess is it implies that this fortification was at a slight distance from the main fortress (not part of the main structure, connected with it through a bridge, or wall, kind of a tapped auxiliary tower for protection). At least, most sources (sources on architecture, Russian Kremlin, etc.) imply that it is so. Some sources mention &lt;em&gt;барбакан&lt;/em&gt; as something similar. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T12:58:46.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18063" CreationDate="2019-02-28T13:47:16.970" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Союз или союзное слово&lt;/strong&gt; (местоимение, наречие)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эта задача решается при анализе сложных предложений, передающих дословную речь (свою или чужую), например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он спросил, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; я делаю&lt;/em&gt; (ЧТО – союзное слово, местоимение). &lt;em&gt;Я ответил, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; читаю книгу&lt;/em&gt; (ЧТО – союз, служебное слово).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) &lt;strong&gt;Если в предложении есть вопросительные слова&lt;/strong&gt; (местоимения &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;что, кто&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; или наречия &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;когда, где, как&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;), то  они выполняют двойную работу:  являются  вопросительными местоимениями или наречиями и одновременно средствами связи (союзными словами): &lt;em&gt;Он спросил, чтО я делаю.&lt;/em&gt; (На союзное слово падает ударение).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;strong&gt;Если вопросительных слов нет&lt;/strong&gt;, то для связи простых предложений используются союзы: &lt;em&gt;Я ответил, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; читаю книгу.&lt;/em&gt; (На союз не падает ударение, он не является членом предложения).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ответ на вопрос:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы спрашиваете, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; я делаю? В предложении есть вопросительное слово ЧТО, это &lt;strong&gt;местоимение&lt;/strong&gt; в роли союзного слова. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он спросил, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;когда&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; я приеду. В предложении есть вопросительное слово КОГДА, это &lt;strong&gt;наречие&lt;/strong&gt; в роли союзного слова.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastEditorUserId="11535" LastEditDate="2019-02-28T16:26:41.953" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T16:26:41.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18170" CreationDate="2019-02-28T14:03:26.763" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Теоретические прогнозы потери энергии высокоэнергетическими частицами в кварк-глюонной плазме&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This clarifies that &quot;particles lose energy&quot; as opposed to &quot;losing particle energy&quot; as in all previous translations, if that is desired. Also avoids repeating &lt;code&gt;энергии&lt;/code&gt; bare word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T14:03:26.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18181" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18182" CreationDate="2019-02-28T14:20:41.857" Score="1" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that both expressions are acceptable translations of “no, thank you” in order to politely answer no to a question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are they always interchangeable? In which situations would we use one over the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likewise I’m interested if “спасибо да” and “да спасибо” can be used to politely answer yes to a question. And if so, when would we use one or the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11522" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T16:39:38.670" Title="When to use “спасибо нет” or “нет спасибо”?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18181" CreationDate="2019-02-28T14:55:01.383" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Спасибо, нет&lt;/strong&gt; typically shows that the speaker is actually not too grateful for the suggestion. The version &lt;strong&gt;Нет, спасибо&lt;/strong&gt; sounds (depending on intonation) as a neutral to polite refusal (like, I'm grateful to you but have to refuse, I don't want it).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Спасибо, да&lt;/strong&gt; (unlike &lt;strong&gt;Да, спасибо&lt;/strong&gt;) is rarely used (and just colloquially - it doesn't sound sophisticated enough, despite the sense is the same).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T14:55:01.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18183" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18181" CreationDate="2019-02-28T14:59:11.403" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;That depends on the intonation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;спасибо, нет&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; pronounced without special tonal modulations sounds more assertive and categorical and by extension less polite. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;нет&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; here usually receives intonational stress, in part because of its placement at the end which is a usual location for words requiring special emphasis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make it sound polite a greater effort needs to be invested into the intonation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same goes for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;спасибо, да&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which sounds curter and therefore a bit less courteous. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But since generally politeness is required for conveying unpleasant information such as refusal, the difference between the phrases with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;нет&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is more significant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-02-28T16:39:38.670" LastActivityDate="2019-02-28T16:39:38.670" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18184" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18186" CreationDate="2019-02-28T18:33:45.343" Score="5" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;The ten-based numerals пятьдеся́т, шестьдеся́т, се́мьдесят and во́семьдесят all ditch the final soft sign of де́сять and what decline as if they still retained it. If the declension remains unaffected, what purpose would it be to not have it at all? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6991" LastActivityDate="2019-03-01T11:55:11.000" Title="Why did ten-based numerals such as пятьдеся́т lose the final soft sign of десять?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18185" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18184" CreationDate="2019-02-28T21:10:55.690" Score="3" Body="&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Redundant in light of Quassnoi's answer&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;I'd &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;speculate&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; that the component &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;десят&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in the numerals of tens must be not &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;десять&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; bar the soft sign, but an inflected plural form of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;десяток&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (or its cognate where the soft sign doesn't obtain), because grammatically compounds with numerals &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;пять - девять&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; would require (at least by modern grammar) the 2nd word to inflect in plural Genitive. As one would say e.g. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;пять раз&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; where &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;раз&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is Genitive plural form of singular Nominative &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;раз&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, so &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;пять десят&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;The form &lt;strong&gt;десЯт&lt;/strong&gt; with the stress on the last syllable is reminiscent of plural Genitive case inflection of such words as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ребят, поросят, опят, чертят&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; etc. which like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;десят-ок&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in singular also in part have &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;-ок&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; suffix &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;реб-ён-ок, порос-ён-ок, оп-ён-ок, черт-ён-ок&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;That however doesn't explain the soft sign in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;двадцать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;тридцать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; but they also differ from the rest in both the reduced form of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;десять&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; → &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;дцать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and the stress placement.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-03-01T11:55:11.000" LastActivityDate="2019-03-01T11:55:11.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18184" CreationDate="2019-03-01T00:57:32.707" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;десять&lt;/em&gt; historically was a noun (as were all numerals starting with five), but unlike &lt;em&gt;пять, шесть&lt;/em&gt; etc. it had a consonant stem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Words with a consonant stem had the ending &lt;em&gt;-ъ&lt;/em&gt; in plural genitive in Old Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other words like this are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Those in &lt;em&gt;-мя&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;имя / имён, знамя / знамён&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;корень / кореньев&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;lt; &lt;em&gt;коренъ&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(dialectal) &lt;em&gt;день / дён&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;lt; &lt;em&gt;дьнъ&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;мать / матерей, дочь / дочерей&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;lt; &lt;em&gt;матеръ, дъчеръ&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and several others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;em&gt;десят&lt;/em&gt; (and &lt;em&gt;сот&lt;/em&gt;) used to be the plural genitive forms of corresponding nouns and had been fossilized in the modern numerals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Два, три, четыре&lt;/em&gt; were definitions and had to agree with the nouns they defined, that's why we have the &lt;em&gt;двести &amp;lt; дъвѣ сътѣ&lt;/em&gt; (dual nom.) and &lt;em&gt;триста &amp;lt; три съта&lt;/em&gt; (pl. nom.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;em&gt;пять&lt;/em&gt; and above were nouns on their own, and their modifiers had to agree with them, not the other way around. This is similar to how English numerals like &quot;couple&quot; or &quot;gross&quot; work: you say &quot;two eggs&quot; but &quot;a couple of eggs&quot; or &quot;a gross of eggs&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-03-01T00:57:32.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18187" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18188" CreationDate="2019-03-01T13:51:51.290" Score="1" ViewCount="243" Body="&lt;p&gt;The title says it all. Some guy wrote it on my profile after a game of Dota and I have no clue what 4мо means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11544" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-03-01T16:01:09.313" LastActivityDate="2019-03-08T17:35:54.447" Title="What does 4мо mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18187" CreationDate="2019-03-01T13:57:57.990" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Beware that we can use 4 instead of ч. Чмо is an abusive slangish word. &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VP3Qn.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VP3Qn.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-03-01T14:34:35.417" LastActivityDate="2019-03-01T14:34:35.417" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18189" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18193" CreationDate="2019-03-01T21:05:32.757" Score="2" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вспоминаешь&lt;/strong&gt; или &lt;strong&gt;Помнишь&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;What is the difference between these?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Both mean remember(singular-informal) but two different faces!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastActivityDate="2019-03-09T12:24:17.727" Title="вспоминаешь или Помнишь?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18189" CreationDate="2019-03-01T21:31:23.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Only &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;помнишь&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;remember&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;вспоминаешь&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;recall, recollect, reminisce&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-03-01T21:31:23.380" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18191" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-02T05:22:56.073" Score="1" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я хорошо помню ответы из &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/18121/%d0%a0%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%86%d0%b0-%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%b6%d0%b4%d1%83-%d0%97%d0%b0%d1%87%d0%b5%d0%bc-%d0%be%d0%bd-%d1%8d%d1%82%d0%be-%d1%81%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bb-%d0%b8-%d0%97%d0%b0%d1%87%d0%b5%d0%bc-%d0%be%d0%bd-%d1%81%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bb-%d1%8d%d1%82%d0%be&quot;&gt;Разница между &amp;quot;Зачем он это сделал?&amp;quot; и &amp;quot;Зачем он сделал это?&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В данном случае не все выглядит так однозначно ( для меня ). По-прежнему, вопрос в том, есть ли смысловая разница, и, если да, то какая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastActivityDate="2019-03-02T06:04:54.877" Title="Разница между &quot;Раз семь&quot; и &quot;Семь раз&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18191" CreationDate="2019-03-02T06:04:54.877" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Семь раз - это конкретное указание на число раз чего-либо (что-то происходило семь раз, а не восемь, четыре, одиннадцать). А раз семь - это примерно, приблизительно. То есть, никто не считал точно, было семь раз или шесть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11546" LastActivityDate="2019-03-02T06:04:54.877" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18189" CreationDate="2019-03-02T09:48:25.657" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Помнишь Иванова?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  — Иванова? А, вспоминаю (вспомнил).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Помнить&lt;/em&gt; is to remember, to keep in mind. It is a state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вспоминать (вспомнить)&lt;/em&gt; is to recall, to bring memories back. It is an action, a process, when memories come back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="8109" LastEditDate="2019-03-09T12:24:17.727" LastActivityDate="2019-03-09T12:24:17.727" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18194" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-02T14:04:49.317" Score="2" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я понимаю, что эти слова значат отдельно, но значение целой фразы мне не ясно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11547" LastActivityDate="2019-03-02T15:38:43.027" Title="что значит &quot;лови добавку&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18194" CreationDate="2019-03-02T14:27:20.963" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Лови́ доба́вку&quot; зна́чит &quot;вот тебе́ ещё&quot;. &quot;Лови́&quot; (разгово́рное) зна́чит &quot;держи́, получи́&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-03-02T15:38:43.027" LastActivityDate="2019-03-02T15:38:43.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18198" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18199" CreationDate="2019-03-02T21:19:17.517" Score="4" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read this in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://pikabu.ru/story/kogda_ochen_khochesh_domoy_6531031&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;story&lt;/a&gt; online:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вечером сестра пришла забирать, а пацан на полу лежит сытый и даже&#xA;  конструктор собирать не хочет. Я говорю: &quot;Таня, а чё ты ему сказала&#xA;  такого? Он как подорвался всё жрать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the context, I can only conclude that this means that the kid ate so much that he almost burst, but grammatically I can't reconcile that meaning with the actual Russian words/grammar. Is there an idiom here at play that I don't know about? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2019-03-03T16:43:50.027" Title="Syntax of &quot;Он как подорвался всё жрать&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18199" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18198" CreationDate="2019-03-02T21:37:19.090" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;как&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; + perfective verb in the past/future tense or imperative means a sudden start and intensity of an act all in the past tense, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;он как закричал/закричит/закричи&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ≈ &lt;code&gt;he just suddenly yelled so hard&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;подорвался&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is slang for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;вскочил&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;резко принялся&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;пустился&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;бросился&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the meaning of the phrase in the quotation is as follows&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is that that you told him? (Because) He just suddenly started devouring everything = Внезапно принялся всё пожирать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-03-03T16:43:50.027" LastActivityDate="2019-03-03T16:43:50.027" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18200" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-03T19:00:20.930" Score="1" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between those two words? In the dictionary, it is translated as delay for both. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user11225" LastEditorUserId="4481" LastEditDate="2019-03-04T00:27:32.980" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T00:27:32.980" Title="&quot;Запаздывание&quot; or &quot;опоздание&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18200" CreationDate="2019-03-03T19:46:40.800" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A very short answer is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;запаздывание&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = being about to get late, lagging behind schedule (often chronic)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;опоздание&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; = being late (after the fact), having been late (usually a one-off occurrence)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally translation into English is heavily dependent on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-03-03T19:46:40.800" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18202" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-03T20:16:26.947" Score="6" ViewCount="214" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A one-to-one mix&lt;/strong&gt; of coffee and milk, with foam on top.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I wanted to express this idea in Russian. I'm looking for the Russian equivalent of &quot;a one-to-one mix (of ...)&quot; in the sense of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;half&lt;/strong&gt; coffee (and) &lt;strong&gt;half&lt;/strong&gt; milk&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T19:17:17.893" Title="In Russian, how do you idiomatically say &quot;a one-to-one mix&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18202" CreationDate="2019-03-03T20:47:51.417" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кофе с молоком пОровну / один к одному / половина на половину&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you only need to specify HOW you want it while WHAT you want (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5_%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;кофе с молоком&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;em&gt;which is a conventional designation of the drink&lt;/em&gt;) is already clear, it can be phrased as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Поровну кофе и молока / Кофе и молока половина на половину&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By itself without specifying the type of substance &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;a one-to-one mix&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be expressed as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;сочетание один к одному&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and in the form of an adverbial &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;as a one-to-one mix&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;в сочетании/пропорции один к одному&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. But this sounds technical therefore wouldn't be applied to edibles in the context of consumption, mostly to recipes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-03-04T19:17:17.893" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T19:17:17.893" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18200" CreationDate="2019-03-04T00:26:38.580" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Запаздывание&quot; is mostly a technical term. For example, a delay between input and output signals is &quot;запаздывание сигнала&quot;, and you can't say &quot;опоздание сигнала&quot;. Other examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Запаздывание потенциала - retarded potential&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Система с запаздыванием - system with delay&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Запаздывание затвора (фотоаппарата) - Shutter lag&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Опоздание&quot; is a colloquial word for everyday use. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Извините за опоздание - Sorry, I'm late&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T00:26:38.580" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18202" CreationDate="2019-03-04T06:43:26.033" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кофе пополам с молоком, с пенкой.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И пил солдат из медной кружки &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вино с печалью пополам. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5k-3PhdAkw&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5k-3PhdAkw&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T06:43:26.033" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18202" CreationDate="2019-03-04T08:20:28.687" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, literally &lt;strong&gt;one-to-one&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Один к одному&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, &lt;strong&gt;fifty-fifty&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пятьдесят на пятьдесят &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or slang variation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Писят на писят&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6326" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T08:20:28.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18207" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18208" CreationDate="2019-03-04T14:35:24.687" Score="0" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;Хотелось бы понять как правильно говорить:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я абсолютно за это решение.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я абсолютно &quot;за&quot; за это решение.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я абсолютно поддерживаю это решение.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На мой взгляд, в первом варианте, в зависимости от того, как читатель интерпретирует слово &quot;за&quot;, будет либо непонятно что такое &quot;быть абсолютным за какое-то решение&quot;, либо будет чувствоваться отсутствие связи между первой и второй частью предложения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Второй вариант, я считаю, плохо звучит из-за повторения &quot;за&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11551" LastActivityDate="2019-03-05T07:58:40.570" Title="Использование слова &quot;за&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18207" CreationDate="2019-03-04T14:57:33.250" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;По-моему, приемлем вариант &lt;strong&gt;3.&lt;/strong&gt; При желании использовать &amp;quot;за&amp;quot; существуют фразеологизмы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;целиком и полностью за&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; это решение&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;обеими руками за&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; это решение&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;хотя тут, как мне кажется, есть проблема с ритмикой, вызванная необходимостью интонационно акцентировать подряд все три элемента &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;за это решение&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, которая не возникает, если после &amp;quot;за&amp;quot; следует дополнение, состоящее только из одного слова, т.е. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;за это.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; или &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;за решение, которое...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, где акцент на &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;за&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; не напрашивается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Фактически &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;я абсолютно за&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - это вариация на тему фразеологизмов, тем не менее она звучит несколько неуклюже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или можно просто перефразировать предложение:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается этого решения, (то) я целиком и полностью &lt;sup&gt;обеими руками &lt;/sup&gt;&amp;quot;ЗА&amp;quot; / я — &amp;quot;ЗА&amp;quot; целиком и полностью&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-03-05T07:58:40.570" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2785" CreationDate="2019-03-04T19:41:35.047" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нудный. Tedious work getting me tired - нудная работа утомляет меня. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11552" LastActivityDate="2019-03-04T19:41:35.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18212" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-05T09:33:22.090" Score="-4" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does the mean expression “ни в зуб ногой - ни в жопу пальцем” ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8450" LastActivityDate="2019-03-05T09:42:45.043" Title="Meaning of “ни в зуб ногой - ни в жопу пальцем”" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2019-03-05T12:02:41.257" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18212" CreationDate="2019-03-05T09:42:45.043" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;to not know a thing (about something), to be completely incapable (of doing something)&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the expression in your question consists of two parts. Every single part has this meaning and can be used alone but the second part is vulgar. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2019-03-05T09:42:45.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18216" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-06T08:02:27.863" Score="2" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;Kamchatka is a peninsula, but overland access is so difficult that it also resembles an island. The road and rail networks of Siberia are a long sea or air voyage away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Around the year 1800, how would people in Kamchatka call contiguous, mainland Russia? 'Материк' seems to be one plausible translation, but are there other, possibly more antiquated or poetic possibilities?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T16:06:31.843" Title="Mainland Russia as seen from Kamchatka circa 1800" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;toponyms&gt;&lt;places&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18216" CreationDate="2019-03-06T08:38:28.970" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a modern example (not sure if it worked at the time):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kamchatka.aif.ru/society/zkh/94029&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.kamchatka.aif.ru/society/zkh/94029&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Выбираться с Камчатки на &lt;strong&gt;большую землю&lt;/strong&gt; этим парням действительно не в&#xA;  первой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-03-06T08:38:28.970" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18218" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18219" CreationDate="2019-03-06T17:30:01.970" Score="1" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PnPpP.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PnPpP.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could anyone help me &quot;decipher&quot; this word below the arrow? I'm guessing its Priroda (&quot;Nature&quot;). But would be great if someone else could have a look at it for me too. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11562" LastActivityDate="2019-03-06T17:41:09.680" Title="Could anyone help me decipher this?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18219" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18218" CreationDate="2019-03-06T17:41:09.680" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word is &quot;Лирика&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And the first line is &lt;code&gt;из цикла &quot;Лирика&quot;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2019-03-06T17:41:09.680" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18220" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18221" CreationDate="2019-03-06T19:38:34.907" Score="9" ViewCount="669" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading the following blog &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru-abandoned.livejournal.com/1501621.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru-abandoned.livejournal.com/1501621.html&lt;/a&gt; and couldn't find a translation of the word &quot;ягоза&quot; that made sense from the context. According to the dictionary, &quot;ягоза&quot; is a &quot;fidgety person&quot;. A quick search on google brings up a video clip entitled &quot;ягоза- масленица&quot;; and after watching this, it seems that this word can have also a somewhat more positive connotation, as in &quot;can't stand still (from having so much fun)&quot;. The full sentence is &quot;Свежий забор, &lt;strong&gt;ягоза&lt;/strong&gt; и попискивающее дачло явно намекало на то, что незваным гостям там не рады&quot;. My translation is, &quot;A new fence (COMMENT: I was also thinking that this could possibly mean 'live fence', as in being an 'electric fence') X and a beeping sensor clearly insinuates that uninvited guests are not welcome (here)&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6722" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-03-07T08:07:42.677" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T15:26:14.443" Title="Meaning of word егоза" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18220" CreationDate="2019-03-06T19:56:25.847" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Егоза&lt;/em&gt; is a brand of coiled barbed tape used by the Russian military.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Its original meaning is &quot;fidgety person&quot; indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-03-06T19:56:25.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18222" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-07T07:19:40.897" Score="2" ViewCount="436" Body="&lt;p&gt;В интернете пишут, что оба варианта допустимы в речи. Хотелось бы узнать, какой из них официальнее с точки зрения орфографии? Спасибо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11145" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T15:17:43.953" Title="Как правильно: сЕссия или сЭссия?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18223" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18236" CreationDate="2019-03-07T08:47:20.387" Score="1" ViewCount="333" Body="&lt;p&gt;what is the difference between the 3, examples welcome&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11436" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T22:19:45.683" Title="No problem: без проблем; нет проблем; не проблема, which one to use when?" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18224" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18226" CreationDate="2019-03-07T11:28:50.147" Score="3" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am currently in the midst of translating a passage of Victor Astafiev's &lt;em&gt;Где-то гремит война&lt;/em&gt; and I have come across a phrase several times that I cannot get my head around.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но нет у меня матери, и бабушка далеко. За дверью кряхтенье, скрип&#xA;  нар, нудный голос: &lt;strong&gt;— А-ать твою копалку&lt;/strong&gt;! Токо-токо ноженьки&#xA;  успокоилися, токо-токо анделы над башкой закружилися, и вот лешаки&#xA;  какого-то полуношника несут...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— И кто курить придумал? Без хлеба выдюжу, без табаку нет, &lt;strong&gt;ать его&#xA;  копалку!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— &lt;strong&gt;Ать твою копалку!&lt;/strong&gt; — ругался шорник. — Худо пальцы-то владеют? Ах&#xA;  ты грех!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Шорник заругался в копалку&lt;/strong&gt;, подхватил меня, будто пьяного, под мышки,&#xA;  подволок к нарам, ткнул носом во что-то пыльное, пахнущее сеном и&#xA;  лошадью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Рабо-отнички, &lt;strong&gt;ать вашу копалку!&lt;/strong&gt;.. Где вы токо и родились? Чему&#xA;  училися? Да стой ты, одер совхознай...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I sense from the context that it is some kind of curse, however it does not seem to me that the &quot;feeling&quot; it produces is not the same in every utterance (I might be wrong!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If someone could explain the etymology/meaning - maybe having a sense of the origin of the phrase could help get it easier? -, then that would be great!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ellie&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11566" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T12:52:39.777" Title="What is the meaning of 'ать [его] копалку'?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18225" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18222" CreationDate="2019-03-07T11:48:01.937" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;В орфографии только &quot;сессия&quot;, никак иначе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11567" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T11:48:01.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18224" CreationDate="2019-03-07T12:45:42.213" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an euphemism of the verb &lt;strong&gt;ебать&lt;/strong&gt; (to fuck) which is found as an element in quite a few emphatic expressions, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ебать твою налево.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ебать-&lt;strong&gt;копать&lt;/strong&gt;/колотить&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ёб твою мать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;also &lt;a href=&quot;http://dkmiron.narod.ru/Zaeb2.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ебалки-&lt;strong&gt;копалки&lt;/strong&gt;/моталки&lt;/a&gt; and more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another very common euphemism based on this curse is &lt;strong&gt;ёлки-палки&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all the quotations it appears in the context of nuisance and annoyance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-03-07T12:52:39.777" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T12:52:39.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18227" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18222" CreationDate="2019-03-07T15:17:43.953" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;В Орфоэпическом словаре русского языка «сессия» входит в число слов с неустойчивым произношением, то есть допускается и твёрдое, и мягкое произношение согласного «с». При этом мягкое произношение отмечается как наиболее предпочтительное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11568" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T15:17:43.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18228" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18233" CreationDate="2019-03-07T15:23:20.080" Score="2" ViewCount="328" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between these:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Сколько врЕмени?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;который час?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Both mean what time is it, yes? Which one is informal and which one formal? and in which situation can be used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2019-03-07T21:48:38.277" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T21:48:38.277" Title="&quot;Сколько времени?&quot; vs &quot;который час?&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18220" CreationDate="2019-03-07T15:26:14.443" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the context of the phrase дачло means датчик (motion sensor) and &quot;Егоза&quot; is a brand name of barbed tape.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11568" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T15:26:14.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18230" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18228" CreationDate="2019-03-07T15:44:22.013" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Который час? has been more formal variant recently, moreover this question doesn't imply exact answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сколько времени? or Сколько время? sound rather colloquially, but I feel like it is used more widely nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also to ask the time one can just knock their index finger on the wrist like indexing the attention on the absence of watch. Not sure whether this gesture is spread worldwide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Традиционная форма вопроса-обращения о времени который час? На этот вопрос вы можете дать ответ: пятый час, шестой, пошел уже восьмой час. Но и ответ с указанием часов и минут тоже будет правильным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос сколько времени? по сравнению с вопросом который час? новый. Но он давно стал нормативным. Он зафиксирован, например, уже в «Толковом словаре русского языка» под редакцией Дмитрия Николаевича Ушакова (М., 1935–1940). Интересно, что в этом издании вопрос сколько времени? дан как нейтральный, а вопрос который час? снабжен пометой «разговорное».&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/trudnosti?layout=item&amp;amp;id=36_68&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/trudnosti?layout=item&amp;amp;id=36_68&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11568" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T15:44:22.013" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18228" CreationDate="2019-03-07T15:44:47.843" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сколько времени?&lt;/strong&gt; is, I'd say, neither formal nor particularly informal. You probably wouldn't ask someone you know well &lt;strong&gt;который час?&lt;/strong&gt;, unless you're going for that brand of modestly refined speech that is often, and in numerous cultures, associated with the middle class.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T15:44:47.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18216" CreationDate="2019-03-07T16:06:31.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Матёрая земля is an obsolete equivalent to материк, although the latter is attested already in the 18th century (but not in the 17th century, unlike &lt;a href=&quot;http://ru-eval.ru/hist/xi-xvii/Vol09m/44.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the former&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я включаю в Камчатскую Провинцию всю сию обширность страны .. до самаго сѣверовосточнаго окончания &lt;strong&gt;матерыя земли&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Пут. Бел. 220.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На сих днях пришло в Яркут 17 перевозных судов с войском с &lt;strong&gt;матерой земли&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;em&gt;МВ 1795 1734.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Превеликие островы нарицаются континентами, сирѣчь толщами земли или &lt;strong&gt;материками&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Геогр. ген. 61.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы .. вошли в пролив находящийся между Азиею и Америкою, из средины котораго в хорошую погоду могли видѣть вдруг оба &lt;strong&gt;материка&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Пут. Кука 118.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Beware that both материк and матёрая земля had other meanings back then (I'ld recommend consulting &lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/sl18/slov-abc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this historical dictionary&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11362" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T16:06:31.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18228" CreationDate="2019-03-07T16:20:14.610" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Кото́рый час?» is the classical form, dating back to Pushkin and possibly earlier. Nowadays it sounds a bit outdated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Ско́лько вре́мени?» is a 20th century invention, now preferred by many.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both mean “What time is it?” Related questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В кото́ром часу́ вы придёте? = Во ско́лько вы придёте? - What time are you coming?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;До кото́рого ча́са вы рабо́таете? = До скольки́ вы рабо́таете? - What time do you finish work?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«До скольки́» is considered illiterate by purists who believe that it should have been «до ско́льких». &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T16:20:14.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18234" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18235" CreationDate="2019-03-07T20:40:32.173" Score="4" ViewCount="279" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it formal and common in Russian?&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;я в вашем распоряжении&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And exactly means: &quot; I'm at your disposal &quot; ?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Is there any other friendly sentence for informal situations?(common in daily conversation)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-03-18T14:34:36.613" LastActivityDate="2019-03-31T22:04:31.003" Title="How formal is &quot;Я в вашем распоряжении&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18234" CreationDate="2019-03-07T20:46:36.867" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use it in daily conversations, just sometimes change &quot;вашем&quot; for &quot;твоём&quot;, if you say it to one person you call &quot;ты&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more formal phrase is &lt;strong&gt;я к вашим услугам&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A less formal can be anything... But maybe more literal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T20:46:36.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18223" CreationDate="2019-03-07T22:19:45.683" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a &lt;em&gt;standalone&lt;/em&gt; phrase (usually an answer to a request), all three are very close in their meaning: &quot;No problem!&quot;, although the 3rd variant &quot;не проблема&quot; is more like &quot;Not &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; problem&quot;, and is usually given when the request is an inquiry about a problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ex.: &quot;Можешь меня сегодня подбросить?&quot; - &quot;Без проблем&quot;/&quot;Нет проблем&quot; (&quot;Can you give me a ride today?&quot; - &quot;No problem&quot;) and &quot;Можешь меня сегодня подбросить? Но мне нужно пораньше.&quot; - &quot;Не проблема&quot; (&quot;Can you give me a ride today? I need it at an earlier time.&quot; - &quot;Not a problem&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a phrase &lt;em&gt;in a sentence&lt;/em&gt;, all three have a similar, but distinctively different meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;без проблем - there were no problems/there would be no problems (the usual context is perfective)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;нет проблем - there are no problems (the usual context is imperfective)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;не проблема - [something] is not a problem&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-03-07T22:19:45.683" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18237" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18239" CreationDate="2019-03-08T00:03:21.233" Score="6" ViewCount="1062" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ништяк&lt;/code&gt; is a Russian slang term meaning &lt;em&gt;cool&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;it's very good&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; article, it can also mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;tasty (mostly sweet) food; cookie &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;food that has been thrown away but is going to be eaten by someone else &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;something regarded as good and gotten for free&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what is &lt;code&gt;ништяк&lt;/code&gt; literally? It sounds a bit like &lt;code&gt;ниша&lt;/code&gt; but I see there is no connection...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastActivityDate="2020-11-22T20:12:41.950" Title="What is ништяк?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2616" CreationDate="2019-03-08T00:16:55.457" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I disagree with Ш in the following statement by Serge Seredenko:&#xA;&quot;Ж is always 'hard', Ч, Ш, Щ are anyway 'soft'.&#xA;I have been taught from a native St. Petersburg Russian literature professor that Ш is always hard. And Щ is always soft. That is the difference between Ш and Щ. These two letters are respectively hard and soft -- just as Serge writes, &quot;ж is always hard&quot;. &#xA;As in жизнь, they are exceptional consonants, whose hardness/softness is not controlled by the vowel that follows them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11573" LastActivityDate="2019-03-08T00:16:55.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18237" CreationDate="2019-03-08T01:31:51.350" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ништяк&lt;/em&gt; is a nominalization of &lt;em&gt;ништо&lt;/em&gt;, which is a colloquial pronunciation of &lt;em&gt;ничего&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ничего&lt;/em&gt;, in its turn, means &quot;not bad, good enough&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-03-08T18:19:47.830" LastActivityDate="2019-03-08T18:19:47.830" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18237" CreationDate="2019-03-08T11:25:33.127" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a slang word, it means good/great. Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А: Как дела?&#xA;Б: Ништяк.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А: Ты успел доделать задание?&#xA;Б: Да.&#xA;А: Ништяк.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also this word can mean a little but desirable present at that moment, like candy or muffin. Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А: Я тебе ништяк принес.&#xA;Б: О, спасибо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А: Купишь ништяков?&#xA;Б: Да.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11576" LastActivityDate="2019-03-08T11:25:33.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18241" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18242" CreationDate="2019-03-08T13:29:46.033" Score="1" ViewCount="97" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &quot;&lt;strong&gt;как это устроено&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;как это работает&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Both mean &quot;how it works&quot;?&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-03-08T13:41:40.470" LastActivityDate="2019-03-08T13:42:39.430" Title="difference between &quot;как это устроено&quot; and &quot;как это работает&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18241" CreationDate="2019-03-08T13:36:07.740" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is literal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;как это устроено (?)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - how it's built (how is it built?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;как это работает (?)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - how it works (how does it work?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;как это устроено&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can at times be used to mean &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;how does it work?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; when one asks to be shown the way something works which involves engaging numerous controls in specific sequences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-03-08T13:42:39.430" LastActivityDate="2019-03-08T13:42:39.430" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18243" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18237" CreationDate="2019-03-08T13:53:30.603" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is another hypothesis that this word derives from « nishtak » (נשתק, meaning « we’ll get calm » in Hebrew). It became part of fenya, the criminals’ slang, and then, of the colloquial Russian language, with the meaning of « cool » or « awesome ».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11577" LastActivityDate="2019-03-08T13:53:30.603" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18187" CreationDate="2019-03-08T17:35:54.447" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это оскорбление!  Если парень написал в вашем профиле &quot;4мо&quot; значит вы его выиграли и он обиделся или в с ним играли в команде, но при этом из-за ваших ошибок проиграли.&#xA;Также, применение оскорблений может быть запрещено на том сайте и использовав &quot;4&quot; вместо буквы &quot;ч&quot; тот парень сделал это специально/умышленно, чтобы не заблокировали сообщение&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11581" LastActivityDate="2019-03-08T17:35:54.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18237" CreationDate="2019-03-08T17:49:24.103" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ништяк - это означает: круто, здорово, зашибись, обалденно, превосходно, классно. Радость и восторг. &#xA; ништячкИ (мн.ч.) ништячок (ед.ч.) - это означает приятные вещи, сладости, вкуснятину&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11581" LastActivityDate="2019-03-08T17:49:24.103" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-03-08T17:49:24.103" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18247" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18250" CreationDate="2019-03-08T18:16:39.457" Score="2" ViewCount="457" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the meaning of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;что ты&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; when person uses it during conversation like this:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Это твой папа?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Нет! &lt;strong&gt;что ты!&lt;/strong&gt; Это мой дядя.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;It means, what are you saying? or you are saying wrong thing!&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;And another question, can I use it with &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Вы&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in the formal situation?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;like: Это ваш папа?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Нет! &lt;strong&gt;что вы!&lt;/strong&gt; Это мой дядя.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;And it will not be rude?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastActivityDate="2019-03-08T20:12:46.197" Title="meaning and usage of &quot;что ты&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18247" CreationDate="2019-03-08T18:47:51.737" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It means the person is wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yes you can. It's not rude but in my opinion it's not particularly polite either to the extent that it's not polite to point out their mistakes to strangers. But it's acceptable.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-03-08T18:56:03.917" LastActivityDate="2019-03-08T18:56:03.917" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18249" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18247" CreationDate="2019-03-08T19:57:56.810" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это твой папа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нет! что ты! Это мой дядя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say that &quot;что ты/вы is a colloquial version of &quot;you are mistaken&quot;. Both ты and вы can be used. It sounds normal to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-03-08T19:57:56.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18247" CreationDate="2019-03-08T20:12:46.197" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Что ты&quot; (or &quot;что вы&quot;) means &quot;you are wrong&quot; or &quot;your suggestion is over the top&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Saying that is definitely not rude. Whether it is actually polite depends on context. For an innocent mistake, it's probably not very polite. For a guess that was meant as a compliment, &quot;что вы&quot; is perfectly fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ex.: &quot;Это Вы сами сочинили?&quot; - &quot;Что Вы!&quot; (&quot;You composed that yourself?&quot; - &quot;Of course not!&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-03-08T20:12:46.197" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18251" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-08T22:20:40.790" Score="2" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've read [i] doesn't really occur in the context I've described but I still want to know whether the meaning is changed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11582" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2019-03-25T19:00:48.773" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T19:00:48.773" Title="In Russian, is [i] a possible substitute for [ɯ] after a velarized consonant?" Tags="&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18252" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18254" CreationDate="2019-03-09T18:13:09.423" Score="3" ViewCount="397" Body="&lt;p&gt;i cannot figure out the pronunciation of this word стоят&#xA;is it stOyat, Stoyit, stoYat, i am very confused&#xA;i checked this website that annotates words but it shows two different one &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russiangram.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://russiangram.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i also went on wikipedia and it showed to forms of the word and i cannot figure out which one is which.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is in this type of context:&#xA;сколько стоят помидоры&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you in advance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastActivityDate="2019-03-10T00:14:01.590" Title="Is there stress on two letters on the word стоят" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18251" CreationDate="2019-03-09T18:28:13.377" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The IPA for Russian Ы is [ɨ], not [ɯ].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sound does not occur after velarized (soft) consonants in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, [i] occurs only after velarized consonants (or at the beginning of a word).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-03-09T18:37:27.937" LastActivityDate="2019-03-09T18:37:27.937" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18252" CreationDate="2019-03-09T18:46:36.047" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are confused because those are indeed two completely different verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Стоя́т помидоры&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would mean that tomatoes are standing (perhaps boxes of tomatoes are standing in the corner of a grocery store).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Cколько сто́ят помидоры?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means &quot;how much are tomatoes?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first case the verb is &quot;стоя́ть&quot; (to stand), in the second case, the one you're asking about, the verb is &quot;сто́ить&quot; (to cost, to be worth).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;code&gt;Не стои́т&lt;/code&gt;&quot; means doesn't stand, often by default it refers to erectile dysfunction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;code&gt;Не сто́ит&lt;/code&gt;&quot; means &quot;[it's] not worth it&quot;, &quot;don't do it&quot;, &quot;no, thanks&quot; (&quot;not worth it&quot; being the literate translation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;code&gt;Он/она того не сто́ит&lt;/code&gt;&quot; means he/she isn't worth it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;code&gt;Он/она уже на ногах не стои́т&lt;/code&gt;&quot; means he/she is so drunk, that he/she can't even stand upright.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since in Russian stress marks are not used except for learning materials the only way to know whether 'to stand' or 'to cost/be worth' is used is from the context. &quot;&lt;code&gt;Сколько стоит... ?&lt;/code&gt;&quot; is pretty straight forward as it's clearly a question regarding the price of something (&quot;How much is... ?&quot;). However question starting with &quot;сколько&quot; and followed with &quot;стоит&quot; can in some instances refer to standing. For example &quot;&lt;code&gt;Да сколько вы там уже стоите?!&lt;/code&gt;&quot; means &quot;Just how long have you been stuck there for?!&quot;, so &quot;и&quot; would be stressed in that case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="9602" LastEditDate="2019-03-10T00:14:01.590" LastActivityDate="2019-03-10T00:14:01.590" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18255" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18261" CreationDate="2019-03-10T02:43:13.760" Score="2" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;p&gt;¿Какая разница между &lt;strong&gt;познакомиться&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;зазнакомиться&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Давным-давно, когда мои зубы еще держались за челюсть корнями, а не&#xA;  штифтами, зазнакомились мы с приятелем с двумя девчонками&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Еще вроде бы пару раз встретил «замирились» вместо «помирились».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-03-10T08:35:12.213" LastActivityDate="2019-03-10T14:09:10.623" Title="Difference between зазнакомиться and познакомиться" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18256" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18260" CreationDate="2019-03-10T03:44:53.647" Score="6" ViewCount="318" Body="&lt;p&gt;Искал этот глагол в нескольких словарях, но не тут-то было.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;в этот раз &lt;strong&gt;недоперепил&lt;/strong&gt;, так что нормально.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2019-03-10T14:24:09.083" Title="Meaning of недоперепить" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18258" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18256" CreationDate="2019-03-10T08:07:15.890" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a facetious verb which formally doesn't exist because both prefixes negate each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;недоперепить&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;выпить больше, чем возможно, но меньше, чем хочется&#xA;  (seems to be a classic definition)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically the implied idea is that overdrinking is good and you haven't had enough of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-03-10T08:39:30.057" LastActivityDate="2019-03-10T08:39:30.057" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18256" CreationDate="2019-03-10T08:14:34.527" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Недоперепить&quot; is a very colloquial, non-standard verb. It's no surprise you haven't found it in dictionaries. Still, it's used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means a very strange thing, I think. &quot;Перепить&quot; means to drink too much, with all the consequences that come with it (by that I mean a bad hangover). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The prefix &quot;недо&quot; is meant to negate the prefix &quot;пере&quot; in &quot;пить.&quot; The result is that the whole verb means to drink a lot, but less than one would actually like to. If one says &quot;недоперепил,&quot; it doesn't necessarily mean the person doesn't have a hangover, though. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2019-03-10T14:24:09.083" LastActivityDate="2019-03-10T14:24:09.083" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18255" CreationDate="2019-03-10T08:20:59.393" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neither have I encountered &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;зазнакомиться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; previously. In Google results it mostly features in informal contexts in the sense of starting a romantic relationship (regardless of its duration). Basically just as in your example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The prefix &lt;strong&gt;за-&lt;/strong&gt; may be a borrowing from the verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;завести&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; of the locution &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;завести знакомство&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. It's also used in a slangy verb &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;замутить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which among other things has the meaning &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to start a relationship&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;познакомиться&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is just a square verb whose meaning isn't limited to making acquaintance for the sake of sex.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2019-03-10T14:05:30.023" LastActivityDate="2019-03-10T14:05:30.023" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18255" CreationDate="2019-03-10T08:43:14.203" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Зазнакомиться&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;замириться&lt;/strong&gt; are both colloquial, maybe dialectal words meaning &lt;strong&gt;познакомиться&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;помириться&lt;/strong&gt;. You should use the latter variants, although the former will be understood. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The versions with &quot;за-&quot; serve for the style-presupposing purposes, they imply storytelling in an informal, friendly manner, as well as mentioning natural and false teeth. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2019-03-10T14:09:10.623" LastActivityDate="2019-03-10T14:09:10.623" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18263" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-10T16:31:35.410" Score="11" ViewCount="982" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the 'present simple' form of the word &quot;нашла́&quot; in 3rd person singular female?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;She &lt;strong&gt;finds&lt;/strong&gt; a new toy every week.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I look for this word &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;in a table of this verb&lt;/a&gt; and it's not obvious for me in which form of the verb I should use in this case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should it be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Oна &lt;strong&gt;найдёт&lt;/strong&gt; новую игрушку каждую неделю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastActivityDate="2019-03-11T12:30:39.517" Title="What's the 'present simple' form of the word &quot;нашла́&quot; in 3rd person singular female?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18263" CreationDate="2019-03-10T17:00:44.983" Score="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it shouldn't, a different verb should be used here -- &quot;находить&quot;. The 3rd person singular form of this verb is &quot;находит&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between those two verbs is the aspect. &quot;Найти&quot; is a perfective verb, while &quot;находить&quot; is imperfective. Imperfective verbs are usually used in place of English present simple tense.&#xA;So, the correct translation should be &quot;Она находит новую игрушку каждую неделю.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, on a side note, perfective verbs have no present tense at all, and the form you put in is actually future. And verbs don't conjugate for gender in present and future tenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11590" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-03-11T12:30:39.517" LastActivityDate="2019-03-11T12:30:39.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18265" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18270" CreationDate="2019-03-10T18:07:05.313" Score="3" ViewCount="214" Body="&lt;p&gt;My dictionary says that &quot;ездить&quot; is the indeterminate of &quot;ехать&quot; which is to ride. The dictionary then says that &quot;водить&quot; is to operate. Can someone explain the difference to me and give some examples of when to use each.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо Большое&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9762" LastActivityDate="2019-03-10T19:41:45.893" Title="Difference between водить машину and ездить на машине?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18265" CreationDate="2019-03-10T18:57:14.447" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;ехать/ездить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - to ride (regardless of being a passenger or the driver)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;водить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - to drive (being the driver)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To ride/move in a car - Ехать/ездить на машине&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;To drive a car - Вести/водить машину / Управлять машиной&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-03-10T18:57:14.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18267" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-10T18:58:03.053" Score="4" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Недаром все чаще и чаще слышится выражение: «&lt;strong&gt;молодежь не та пошла&lt;/strong&gt;! » - извечный конфликт поколений. Разумеется, саму молодежь вполне устраивает то, какая она.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering what this expression means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2019-03-11T17:30:07.363" Title="How to interpret and parse the expression &quot;молодежь не та пошла&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18265" CreationDate="2019-03-10T19:01:14.913" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ездить на машине means you can be a passenger or a driver. When you use водить,  you can be only a driver. For a driver both words are synonymous.Водить also underlines the process of operating the car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он водит машину хорошо.(Он ездит хорошо sounds a bit weird,  but it can be used in colloquial speech )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-03-10T19:01:14.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18269" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18267" CreationDate="2019-03-10T19:05:11.323" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;пошла&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can be literally translated as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;has emerged&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;has become&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;turns out to be&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The (the quality of) youth nowadays is not the same as the (the quality of) youth of the past. A classic rant of the older generation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be used in other situations as well, when something has changed for the better or for the worse in comparison to the past (although the latter seems to be prevalent)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Первокурсники пошли уже не те! Вместо привычных гладиолусов в руках новомодные гаджеты. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;negative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; - The freshmen are not the same any longer / what they used to be. Instead of the usual bouquet of sword lilies holding fashionable gadgets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Клиент (какой-то) бедный пошёл нынче, больше полкило не покупает. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;negative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; - Customers nowadays are kind of poor, don't buy more than half a kilogram.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Призывник сейчас хилый пошёл, 10 раз подтянуться не могут. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;negative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; - Conscripts are kind of feeble nowadays, can't do 10 pull-ups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На днях созванивались с местными, сказали что щуки практически нет, но зато окунь очень крупный пошёл. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;positive&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; - We recently got in touch with the locals, they said there's virtually no pike, but perch became very big.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-03-11T10:31:36.983" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18265" CreationDate="2019-03-10T19:41:45.893" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Водить&lt;/strong&gt; (машину) typically means &lt;em&gt;having skills&lt;/em&gt; of a driver (plus a driver's license). It doesn't necessarily mean the person owns a car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;вожу&lt;/strong&gt; машину. I &lt;strong&gt;can drive&lt;/strong&gt; a car.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ездить&lt;/strong&gt; (на машине) can either specify someone's &lt;em&gt;usual type of transportation&lt;/em&gt; (driving or not) or emphasize their car &lt;em&gt;ownership&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;ездит&lt;/strong&gt; на машине (а не на метро; возможно, и не сам водит).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;ездит&lt;/strong&gt; на Порше. (У него свой Порш.) He &lt;strong&gt;drives&lt;/strong&gt; a Porsche.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-03-10T19:41:45.893" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18263" CreationDate="2019-03-10T20:42:25.113" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Находит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она находит новую игрушку каждую неделю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4071" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2019-03-11T01:38:16.050" LastActivityDate="2019-03-11T01:38:16.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18272" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18273" CreationDate="2019-03-11T07:34:42.603" Score="4" ViewCount="912" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why we should use &quot;&lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in this sentence:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;где же ручка?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Without &quot;&lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; this sentence is also complete!&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;And also I saw in another sentences, too.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;And &quot;&lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; means same or again?&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastActivityDate="2019-03-13T09:33:11.833" Title="Usage of &quot;же&quot;, why?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18272" CreationDate="2019-03-11T07:46:41.123" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt; is an emphatic intensifying particle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Где ручка?&lt;/strong&gt; is a straight question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Где же ручка?&lt;/strong&gt; may be an expression of &lt;strong&gt;1)&lt;/strong&gt; impatience, frustration and annoyance of not being able to find it (Where's the pen for god's sake?) or &lt;strong&gt;2)&lt;/strong&gt; surprise about its disappearance or inability to find it (So where's the pen?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-03-11T09:40:23.747" LastActivityDate="2019-03-11T09:40:23.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18274" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18290" CreationDate="2019-03-11T16:30:42.707" Score="6" ViewCount="334" Body="&lt;p&gt;If someone comes late to work and gives the excuse &quot;Я переспал&quot;, will people understand this to mean that he overslept, or would it have a different connotation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="197" LastActivityDate="2019-03-13T12:57:50.067" Title="Can переспать be used to mean &quot;oversleep&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18274" CreationDate="2019-03-11T16:38:51.377" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я переспал&quot; means &quot;I slept (with someone)&quot; or even &quot;I have slept (with someone)&quot;. &quot;I overslept&quot; would be &quot;Я проспал&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11595" LastActivityDate="2019-03-11T16:38:51.377" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18276" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18277" CreationDate="2019-03-11T16:43:07.453" Score="2" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;Something like 'Could you please take a photo of me? . I searched everywhere and can't seem to find something similar. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11594" LastActivityDate="2019-03-18T20:58:29.467" Title="How can I ask someone to take a photograph of me?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18276" CreationDate="2019-03-11T16:51:14.747" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Сфотографируйте меня, пожалуйста.» or «Сфотографируете меня, пожалуйста?» is something I’d probably say. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="560" LastActivityDate="2019-03-11T16:51:14.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18278" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18267" CreationDate="2019-03-11T17:30:07.363" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll try to answer this by explaining the parts of the expression one by one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the word &lt;em&gt;&quot;молодежь&quot;&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;youth&quot;, no problem with this.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the word &lt;em&gt;&quot;та&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is a feminine (since &quot;молодежь&quot; is feminine in Russian) form of the word &lt;em&gt;&quot;тот&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, which means &quot;that&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;не та&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is the negation of &lt;em&gt;&quot;та&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;&quot;пошла&quot;&lt;/em&gt; is the most complicated in the expression, so I'll touch it separately. It is a feminine (since &quot;молодежь&quot; is feminine in Russian, of course) past form of the verb &quot;пойти&quot;, &quot;to move&quot;, &quot;to go&quot;. In that case it literally means &quot;to occur&quot;. In Russian, when we have a series something and we are encountering items from this series, we use the words &quot;идти, пойти&quot; to convey this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сейчас &lt;strong&gt;идет&lt;/strong&gt; интересный сериал по ТВ — Now an interesting TV series is on TV (although this can also mean that an episode is being on air right now, I'm talking about the situation when a series is on TV generally, not exactly at this moment). Literally that means that some series is currently going and some items (episodes in this example) occurred, some not.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea is that this is applicable to all series, &quot;series&quot; one can imagine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the expression in question the meaning is &lt;strong&gt;literally&lt;/strong&gt; this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;there is a series of &quot;youthes&quot; (like yesterday youth, youth in 1917 or whatever). And now, current &quot;youthes&quot; or a single current youth, which &lt;strong&gt;is occurring now&lt;/strong&gt;, is different (the negation &quot;не&quot; conveys this) from the previous ones, which &lt;strong&gt;have occurred previously&lt;/strong&gt; referred by (&quot;та&quot; — &quot;feminine that&quot;). The expression doesn't elaborate how it differs exactly.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not literally, the expression means, that today's youth is not what it used to be previously. Sounds like a rebuke or condemnation in the expression, but not necessarily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some good examples were provided in the other answer, I just wanted to provide generalization for them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="179" LastActivityDate="2019-03-11T17:30:07.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18276" CreationDate="2019-03-11T18:51:38.677" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;сфотографируйте меня пожалуйста&lt;/strong&gt; is not exactly an equivalent of your English phrasing, because it sounds somewhat presumptuous as if you were already sure the person would agree and it makes it harder for them to refuse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А more accurate translation and also a more polite (in my view) address would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы не могли бы меня сфотографировать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно вас попросить меня сфотографировать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нельзя ли вас попросить меня сфотографировать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR a little less formal&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы меня не сфотографируете?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you basically ask whether the person would agree to help you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-03-11T18:56:56.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18280" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18281" CreationDate="2019-03-11T20:33:26.850" Score="11" ViewCount="4327" Body="&lt;p&gt;Somebody say: I took the full test score&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;And I answer: &lt;strong&gt;Good for you!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;which one is correct in Russian:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;хорошо для тебя&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;or&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;повезло тебе&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;And also we use &quot;&lt;strong&gt;тебе на пользу&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in another situation like: eating healthy food is &lt;strong&gt;good for you&lt;/strong&gt; ?&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastActivityDate="2019-03-13T09:16:05.107" Title="Good for you! in Russian" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18280" CreationDate="2019-03-11T21:18:15.860" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;хорошо для тебя&lt;/strong&gt; in this context is not idiomatic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess in Russian it can be expressed with &lt;strong&gt;Поздравляю!&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;Молодец/Молодчина!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(Тебе) везёт / Везёт (тебе)&lt;/strong&gt; is suitable in situations where luck is truly a determinant or when there's some degree of jealousy involved. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the context of physical benefit it's usually phrased as &lt;strong&gt;полезно&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;тебе полезно&lt;/strong&gt; when it's beneficial specifically to that person&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;тебе на пользу&lt;/strong&gt; is normally coupled with the verb &lt;strong&gt;идти&lt;/strong&gt; and refers to certain vivid signs of the benefit or lack thereof observed in the person after the fact or predicted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-03-11T21:47:05.950" LastActivityDate="2019-03-11T21:47:05.950" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18282" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18284" CreationDate="2019-03-12T06:18:48.317" Score="3" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &quot;&lt;strong&gt;неважно&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ничего&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;As I understand both mean &quot;&lt;strong&gt;never mind&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, but what about usage?&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;for example when I ask somebody but he/she can't understand me, can I use both of them as the response to interrupt the conversation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastActivityDate="2019-03-12T12:43:53.327" Title="What's the difference between &quot;неважно&quot; and &quot;ничего&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18280" CreationDate="2019-03-12T06:40:04.450" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also, there is a form of &quot;Good for you!&quot; in Russian it is a &quot;А ты хорош!&quot; [A ty khorosh!]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11597" LastActivityDate="2019-03-12T06:40:04.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18282" CreationDate="2019-03-12T07:20:13.637" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ничего&lt;/em&gt; is not translated to &lt;em&gt;never mind&lt;/em&gt;, at least in the context you provided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;When I ask somebody but he/she can't understand me&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;given two choices you reply with &lt;em&gt;Неважно&lt;/em&gt; if the question was not really important. Alternatives to that can be &lt;em&gt;Проехали&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Забудь&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's take a look at another example: someone accidentally steps on your shoes. If the person excuses, you would reply with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Never mind.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No problem.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;That's okay.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian you would reply with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ничего [страшного].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Все хорошо/в порядке.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11598" LastActivityDate="2019-03-12T07:20:13.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18280" CreationDate="2019-03-12T08:28:06.027" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Good for you&quot; can also be used with a bit of sarcasm / discontent, e.g. with someone bragging about their success and expecting to be praised. In this case, you could go with &quot;ну и славно&quot; or &quot;ну поздравляю, поздравляю&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5618" LastActivityDate="2019-03-12T08:28:06.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18280" CreationDate="2019-03-12T08:33:00.153" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;As mentioned above, most common is to use &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Поздравляю!&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, but you can also use &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Здорово!&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Рад за тебя!&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should be really careful using &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Хорошо тебе&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, which is most literal translation, but implies jealousy and may actually mean you are not happy for this person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As per last paragraph, most common in this case is word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;полезно&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. E.g. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Заниматься спортом полезно&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. (&quot;Doing sports is good for you / Doing sports is healthy&quot;). You can also say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;strike&gt;Заниматься спортом&lt;/strike&gt; Спорт пойдет тебе на пользу&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; which is a bit more an advice than a neutral statement and implies that you should start doing sports.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11599" LastEditorUserId="11599" LastEditDate="2019-03-13T08:12:27.717" LastActivityDate="2019-03-13T08:12:27.717" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18280" CreationDate="2019-03-12T08:36:54.160" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer depends on whether or not you wanted to use &quot;good for you&quot; as a sarcastic retort, which is how that expression is frequently used nowadays when the speaker has no interest in someone else's happy moment, as in &quot;good for you, but why should I care?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you were genuinely happy for that person, you could say &quot;Я рад/рада за тебя!&quot; (&quot;I'm glad(m/f) for you!&quot;) or, more neutrally, &quot;Ну и отлично.&quot; (roughly &quot;Well, great.&quot;) Your second option &quot;Повезло тебе&quot; might work, but implies the high score may not have been well deserved. Баян Купи-ка's &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/18281/9180&quot;&gt;answer&lt;/a&gt; offers a few other nice options.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you were going for sarcasm lined with thinly veiled indifference and annoyance, however, a more appropriate reply could be &quot;ну и ладно&quot; (roughly, &quot;well, okay&quot;), or &quot;какой/какая молодец&quot; (roughly, &quot;attaboy/attagirl&quot;) with &quot;какой/какая&quot; drawled and overarticulated. Note that being sarcastic in a language you don't speak very well may have disastrous consequences for you and is best avoided altogether (not that it's &lt;em&gt;ever&lt;/em&gt; right to be sarcastic even in your native language anyway).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9180" LastActivityDate="2019-03-12T08:36:54.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18280" CreationDate="2019-03-12T12:11:46.237" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sarcastic version of &lt;strong&gt;«Good for you»&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;«флаг тебе в руки»&lt;/strong&gt;. Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Если тебя все устраивает, то флаг тебе в руки. Но я увольняюсь.&#xA;- Good for you if you're ok with that. But I'm quitting the job&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11603" LastActivityDate="2019-03-12T12:11:46.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18282" CreationDate="2019-03-12T12:43:53.327" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Context 1: the difference is not essential.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Что ты имел в виду? - &lt;strong&gt;Неважно&lt;/strong&gt;.(- Забудь.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What did you mean? - Never mind. (- Forget it.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Что ты имел в виду? - &lt;strong&gt;Ничего&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What did you mean? - Nothing (special).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Context 2: the difference is dramatic (&lt;em&gt;bad vs OK&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Как ты себя чувствуешь? - &lt;strong&gt;Неважно&lt;/strong&gt;. (~ Плохо.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How do you feel? - I don't feel good.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Как ты себя чувствуешь? - &lt;strong&gt;Ничего&lt;/strong&gt;. (~ Неплохо.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How do you feel? - I'm OK.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-03-12T12:43:53.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18290" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18274" CreationDate="2019-03-12T20:11:42.730" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, if by &quot;oversleep&quot; you mean to sleep too much, assuming too much sleep is harmful. Such usage was common from late 19th till early 20th century. Today it is uncommon, but some Russian speakers still recognize it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, if by &quot;oversleep&quot; you mean to wake up too late and miss some important event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Long answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on the ruscorpora.ru,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition to the most common meaning &quot;переспать с кем-то&quot; - &quot;to have sex with somebody&quot; (lit. to sleep with somebody), &lt;code&gt;переспать&lt;/code&gt; had additional meanings in past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 19 century, переспать meant &quot;to overcome something with sleep&quot;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;да не посоветовать ли ему заснуть часа два; хоть бы он переспал свое раздражение&quot; (Достоевский, 1848)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Тверская встрепка меня вылечила: я с горя переспал болезнь.&quot; (Лесков, 1879)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In late 19th and early 20th century, переспать meant &quot;to sleep too much&quot;, assuming too long sleeps are unhealthy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;я, брат, должно быть, переспал… инда очумел!&quot; (Салтыков-Щедрин, 1880-1881)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Меня обуяла физическая и мозговая вялость, точно я переспал.&quot; (Чехов, 1893)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;оттого ли, что переспал он, или по другой причине, появилась бессонница.&quot; (Андреев, 1908)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Ночь спал тревожно, с бредом, вероятно, потому, что переспал днем.&quot; (Пришвин, 1922)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Спали бы еще. Сергей не мог понять, смеется она над ним или говорит всерьез. Было уже начало одиннадцатого. ― Спасибо, я и так переспал, ― сказал Сергей и присел к огню.&quot; (Фазиль Искандер, 1977)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From 1920s till 1970s, переспать meant &quot;to have a sleep in some unusual/occasional place&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;ночь переспал в лесу&quot; (Пришвин, 1922)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Он забрался в русскую печь, где и переспал.&quot; (Артём Весёлый, 1924-1932)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Там была солома и, пусть сарай без двери, было сухо, хотя на дворике шел дождь. Переспал. Как светать начало, пошел искать хозвзвод.&quot; (1944-1946)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Я вот переспал у кого, встану, богу помолюсь, хозяину поклонюсь ― и дальше.&quot; (Казаков, 1956)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Переспал час-полтора, но сон слишком короткий, что ли, ― отдыха не дал.&quot; (Залыгин, 1967)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Я кружил целый вечер возле дома, в котором он снимал комнату, переспал у старушки и утром издалека подсматривал, когда он появится на веранде.&quot; (Лихоносов, 1968)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Ночь вместе с другими освобожденными он переспал в Московской Городской Думе&quot; (Гуль, 1974)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Переспал тут у «кукурузников», в эскадрилье связи&quot; (1977)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After 1977, all cases of &quot;переспал&quot; are about sex.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2019-03-13T07:14:47.170" LastActivityDate="2019-03-13T07:14:47.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18291" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-13T03:00:49.697" Score="4" ViewCount="313" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;так и есть&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;ну что ж&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; mean, are these idioms? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How are they used in sentences? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11612" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2019-03-13T07:07:14.953" LastActivityDate="2019-03-18T20:48:27.043" Title="What does &quot;так и есть&quot; and &quot;ну что ж&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18291" CreationDate="2019-03-13T03:25:49.263" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Так и есть&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;&quot;that's right,&quot; &quot;that's true.&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; It's used to agree with someone:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Жизнь не проста. - &lt;strong&gt;Так и есть&lt;/strong&gt; (= действительно, и правда, верно, согласен/согласна).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English it's not always necessary to use a phrase like &quot;that's right.&quot; See the example below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ужасно? - Да, &lt;strong&gt;так и есть.&lt;/strong&gt; (Awful? - &lt;strong&gt;Yes, it is.&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Так и есть&lt;/code&gt; can be used for a different reason too:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Если так и есть&lt;/strong&gt;, то это плохо. (&lt;strong&gt;if it's really so&lt;/strong&gt;, it's bad.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, &lt;code&gt;так и есть&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;если это так.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ну что ж&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;&quot;well&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (used as an interjection):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну что ж, давайте начнём. (Well, let's start.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastActivityDate="2019-03-13T03:25:49.263" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18293" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18280" CreationDate="2019-03-13T05:28:42.157" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could also use the form &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Неплохо!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which for full impact should be pronounced with a hint of admiration. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11613" LastActivityDate="2019-03-13T05:28:42.157" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18280" CreationDate="2019-03-13T09:16:05.107" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Good for you!&quot; can also be translated as informal &quot;Красавчик&quot; in order to show your personal reaction (to say someone's really good at what he does).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &quot;тебе на пользу&quot; in &quot;eating healthy food is good for you&quot;, it's better to say &quot;есть здоровую еду полезно&quot;, without &quot;тебе&quot;, or translate it &quot;здоровая еда для тебя полезна&quot;, it's much closer to what natives say to each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11617" LastActivityDate="2019-03-13T09:16:05.107" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18272" CreationDate="2019-03-13T09:33:11.833" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You use &amp;quot;же&amp;quot; for amplification, or for making the question softer, to ask a rhetorical question. In everyday speech &amp;quot;же&amp;quot; is used only for amplification and is often supplemented with words &amp;quot;правда&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;на самом деле&amp;quot; to underline the meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я же говорил!&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;I've really told you that&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Он же не справится!&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;He won't be able manage it for sure&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я же правда туда ездил!&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;I really went there!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11617" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-03-13T09:33:11.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18296" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18291" CreationDate="2019-03-13T09:38:23.627" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also «так и есть» can mean just «yes».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;— Ты же собирался в кафе!&lt;/em&gt; (I thought you were going to the cafe)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;— Так и есть. Пойду через минуту.&lt;/em&gt; (Yes. I'm going there in a minute.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11617" LastEditorUserId="8109" LastEditDate="2019-03-13T15:06:01.193" LastActivityDate="2019-03-13T15:06:01.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18274" CreationDate="2019-03-13T12:57:50.067" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, the first step is to consult the usual dictionary of Russian. It's strange that the native speakers of Russian rarely do it in this stackexchange community. I believe it's the spirit of &lt;em&gt;stackexchange&lt;/em&gt; to check the scientific sources. In case with languages it's obviosly dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 4 senses of переспать are defined here (as published in the dictionary in 1998, as far as I know it's the only large dictionary of modern Russian available online): &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;all=x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand some learners find it difficult to read definitions in Russian dictionaries. So these 4 senses are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sleep too much, longer than needed, or longer than others.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Colloq., Sleep in order to wait for something to pass, due to circumstances.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Spend night somewhere, in some place.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Colloq., Have sex with... &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So these senses are reflected in examples listed by &lt;em&gt;user31264&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning 'have sex with...' has become the most popular recently, so the word has sexual connotations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case with your situation - &lt;em&gt;be late for work&lt;/em&gt; - I can't see why this word should suit, the usual word being &lt;strong&gt;проспал&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2019-03-13T12:57:50.067" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18298" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18301" CreationDate="2019-03-13T22:05:53.263" Score="3" ViewCount="218" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you define someone, for example say to a girl that you have a beautiful smile(У тебя красивая улыбка) and she says: oh thanks you can answer her: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;only real words!&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;So is it correct sentence in this situation ?&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Только настоящие слова!&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastActivityDate="2019-03-14T15:20:52.300" Title="&quot;only real words&quot; in Russian - Только настоящие слова?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18298" CreationDate="2019-03-13T23:54:46.783" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;When someone thanks you for a compliment you have paid them, it's natural to respond like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У тебя красивая улыбка. - Спасибо! - &lt;code&gt;Пожалуйста&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;Не за что&lt;/code&gt; (stress &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; to mean you're welcome).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you really want to stress that your compliment is only natural because you are stating a fact, you may want to say &lt;code&gt;это - факт&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;констатирую факт&lt;/code&gt;. Note that the most common way to respond to thank you is saying  &lt;code&gt;пожалуйста&lt;/code&gt;  or &lt;code&gt;не за что&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2019-03-14T14:04:55.700" LastActivityDate="2019-03-14T14:04:55.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18298" CreationDate="2019-03-14T09:05:31.410" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also for stating that your compliment is truth you can use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правда, только правда и ничего, кроме правды!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И это чистая правда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Факты говорят сами за себя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11617" LastActivityDate="2019-03-14T09:05:31.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18298" CreationDate="2019-03-14T13:11:31.567" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe it might sound like this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– У тебя красивая улыбка. &#xA;  – Спасибо.&#xA;  – Не за что. Я только говорю/сказал правду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-03-14T13:11:31.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18298" CreationDate="2019-03-14T14:33:29.460" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For this kind of conversation the closest equivalent I can imagine would be: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– У тебя красивая улыбка. – Спасибо. – Нет, правда!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other examples (e.g. sentences involving &lt;code&gt;факт&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;сказал правду&lt;/code&gt;) sound too heavy/formal for that, and (to be honest) they still look like an attempt to just translate the corresponding English example w/o considering if they talk like this in Russian at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10327" LastEditorUserId="10327" LastEditDate="2019-03-14T15:20:52.300" LastActivityDate="2019-03-14T15:20:52.300" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18303" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18305" CreationDate="2019-03-14T14:50:17.497" Score="14" ViewCount="2138" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm doing the Pimsleur Russian audio course and I've come across some sentences that I'm not sure about. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example 1: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I have money = у меня́ есть де́ньги.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far, so good. &quot;At my place, there is money.&quot; It seems intuitive that money is in the nominative here. But then:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I have enough money = у меня́ доста́точно де́нег.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the sentence is almost the same the money is now in the genitive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Is that really the case here or am I misidentifying cases?&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then Example 2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can you give me a little money? = Вы мо́жете дать мне немно́го&#xA;  де́нег?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is really confusing, I'm not sure I'm hearing it right. But it sounds like here money is also in the genitive. But I expect it to be in the nominative because &quot;give something&quot; and the something would be in nominative. Or what am I missing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Большо́е Спаси́бо for your help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11629" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-03-14T14:51:57.707" LastActivityDate="2019-03-22T00:07:03.080" Title="Russian cases: A few examples, I'm really confused" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18303" CreationDate="2019-03-14T14:58:14.857" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You undestand it right.&#xA;You just need to ask the right question to understand. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's easy here: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;I have (what?) money&quot; - &quot;У меня есть (что?) деньги&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And a little bit more complicated here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;I have enought (of what?) money&quot; - &quot;У меня достаточно (чего?) денег&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same thing with &quot;little&quot;. Because when you give an additional word to explain &quot;how much&quot;, it's always &quot;how much of what&quot;, not &quot;how much what&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11617" LastActivityDate="2019-03-14T14:58:14.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18303" CreationDate="2019-03-14T15:15:13.263" Score="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;You got the cases right in all three sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll try to provide English translations which would be as close to the literal meaning of the Russian phrases as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please note that they are not actual translations, they are English approximations of grammatical structure of the original Russian phrases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня́ есть де́ньги. // There are money next to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian uses proximal possession: Russians don't say &quot;I have something&quot;, they say &quot;there is something next to me&quot; to convey the same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, you would have said &quot;I have him&quot; but &quot;he's next to me&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you look closely you can see that you use &quot;him&quot; in the first sentence but &quot;he&quot; in the second one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because grammatically, &quot;him&quot; is an object in the first case, but a subject in the second case. Similar logic applies to Russian, except that in Russian almost all nouns decline, not just personal pronouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня́ доста́точно де́нег. // I have enough of money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English you would normally use &quot;I have enough money&quot;, but there are cases when you are actually using &quot;of&quot;: &quot;I've heard enough of this nonsense&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we go back to the personal pronouns analogy, you would have said &quot;I have enough of him&quot; in English. &quot;Of something&quot; mostly (not always, but mostly) translates to Russian genitive, and that's why you're seeing it here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы мо́жете дать мне немно́го де́нег? // Can you give me a little of money?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same logic as above here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But I expect it to be in the nominative because &quot;give something&quot; and the something would be in nominative&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, a direct object to &lt;em&gt;дать&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;to give&quot;), or to any other verb for that matter, is never nominative. However, it's not the reason &lt;em&gt;денег&lt;/em&gt; is put into genitive here. The real reason is that it's not &lt;em&gt;денег&lt;/em&gt; that is the direct object, but &lt;em&gt;немного&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Денег&lt;/em&gt; complements the &lt;em&gt;немного&lt;/em&gt; and it's the latter which governs the case of the former. And &lt;em&gt;немного&lt;/em&gt; requires a genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-03-15T12:22:17.950" LastActivityDate="2019-03-15T12:22:17.950" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18306" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-15T02:42:44.067" Score="2" ViewCount="211" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, I know there is a word similar to &quot;Заткнись&quot; but it is used for a group of people instead of just one person. What is it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11632" LastActivityDate="2019-03-16T21:08:52.323" Title="How do you say: &quot;Заткнись&quot; for a group of people instead of just one person in Russian?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18306" CreationDate="2019-03-15T04:18:11.357" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Welcome to Russian learners!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is &quot;Заткнитесь&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11633" LastActivityDate="2019-03-15T04:18:11.357" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18306" CreationDate="2019-03-15T05:54:56.243" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you wish to use the same word in plural, you actually have two variants.Both are rude.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Заткнитесь!&lt;/strong&gt; (imperative plural ) and &lt;strong&gt;А ну, заткнулись!&lt;/strong&gt;(past plural used for imperative )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there's still a great variety of synonyms, like &lt;strong&gt;замолкли/замолкните,заглохли&lt;/strong&gt;, etc. My favourite one is &lt;strong&gt;Кончай базар!&lt;/strong&gt;(used in a singular imperative, but addressed to a group)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2019-03-15T06:00:06.093" LastActivityDate="2019-03-15T06:00:06.093" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18303" CreationDate="2019-03-15T07:50:35.390" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I expect it to be in the nominative because &amp;quot;give something&amp;quot; and the something would be in nominative&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is wrong, &amp;quot;give something&amp;quot; goes with &lt;strong&gt;accusative&lt;/strong&gt;, not nominative. It's actually not wrong to say &amp;quot;дать деньги&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;give the money&amp;quot;, when you refer to a predefined sum of money identified by the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, there are quantifiers used with mass nouns, such as &amp;quot;достaточно&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;немнoго&amp;quot;. These require genitive (as you have seen), independently of the verb you used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;у меня́ есть де́ньги -&amp;gt; у меня́ доста́точно де́нег (nominative -&amp;gt; genitive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы мо́жете дать мне де́ньги? -&amp;gt; Вы мо́жете дать мне немно́го де́нег? (accusative -&amp;gt; genitive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;де́ньги&lt;/em&gt; may be a poor example because it has the same form in nominative and accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5618" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-03-15T07:50:35.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18310" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18312" CreationDate="2019-03-15T09:11:56.617" Score="10" ViewCount="681" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do we say &lt;code&gt;ни пуха ни пера&lt;/code&gt; wishing someone good luck?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The traditional response is also interesting. People are expected to say &lt;code&gt;к чёрту&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the origin of the idiom?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastActivityDate="2019-03-15T17:22:05.480" Title="The origin of ни пуха ни пера - к чёрту" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18303" CreationDate="2019-03-15T13:48:31.530" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To complement Quassnoi’s answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня есть &lt;em&gt;(что?)&lt;/em&gt; деньги&lt;sup&gt;NOM&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня [есть] &lt;em&gt;(что?)&lt;/em&gt; достаточно[e количество&lt;sup&gt;NOM&lt;/sup&gt;] &lt;em&gt;(чего?)&lt;/em&gt; денег&lt;sup&gt;GEN&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы можете дать мне &lt;em&gt;(кого? что?)&lt;/em&gt; кучу&lt;sup&gt;ACC&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;em&gt;(чего?)&lt;/em&gt; денег&lt;sup&gt;GEN&lt;/sup&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-03-15T13:48:31.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18310" CreationDate="2019-03-15T17:16:48.417" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ни пуха ни пера&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; – это значит &quot;ни зверя вам, ни птицы&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сначала это было напутствие для охотников, скрытое пожелание им удачи. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Недобрые слова&quot; должны были услышать лесные духи,  и тогда они уйдут и не будут мешать охоте (зачем повторяться, если дело уже сделано).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А ответ &quot;к черту&quot; – это переадресация сказанного: пусть черт это тоже услышит и, конечно же, сделает всё наоборот.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://slovar.cc/rus/frazeologiya/1468037.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://slovar.cc/rus/frazeologiya/1468037.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.proza.ru/2015/11/22/326&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.proza.ru/2015/11/22/326&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastEditorUserId="11535" LastEditDate="2019-03-15T17:22:05.480" LastActivityDate="2019-03-15T17:22:05.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18313" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-15T17:30:10.530" Score="1" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is this book called: город, написанный по памяти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I keep the comma Google translates it as : memory city.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I delete the comma it translates it as : city written from memory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google translate is a weird beast for sure!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume the second version is closer to the real meaning. However I'd like to know for sure what the real meaning is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11630" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-03-18T10:23:51.743" LastActivityDate="2019-03-31T22:44:03.940" Title="What does Город, написанный по памяти mean as a title of the book?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18313" CreationDate="2019-03-15T17:46:35.650" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The second one (that google gives without a comma) is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;City written from memory&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You were right in your doubt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2019-03-15T17:46:35.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18316" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18317" CreationDate="2019-03-16T13:26:03.157" Score="1" ViewCount="1044" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does a Russian keyboard layout support the &quot;@&quot; symbol? I had to switch to an English keyboard to type &quot;@&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11638" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-03-16T13:34:12.467" LastActivityDate="2019-03-17T07:42:58.090" Title="How to type &quot;@&quot; symbol in Russian keyboard layout?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-03-18T14:32:13.593" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18316" CreationDate="2019-03-16T13:35:55.610" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;We do not use it in the Russian layout, as all the email addresses are typed in Latin letters. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-03-16T13:35:55.610" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18313" CreationDate="2019-03-16T13:49:59.587" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, the verb &quot;писать&quot; oftentimes has the meaning &quot;to paint&quot;. Specifically, an artist can &quot;писать по памяти&quot; (&quot;paint from memory)&quot;. For this reason, while &quot;писать&quot; in this title certainly means &quot;to write about&quot; or &quot;to describe&quot;, a slight connotation to the other meaning, &quot;to paint&quot;, is palpable. This connotation would have been absent, had the author used a different prefix (&quot;описанный&quot;). It is the prefix &quot;нa-&quot; which brings up this subtle connotation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-03-16T13:49:59.587" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18306" CreationDate="2019-03-16T21:08:52.323" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Заткни́тесь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Учи́сь - учи́тесь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дери́сь - дери́тесь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кати́сь - кати́тесь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I.e. -те- goes in between the ending (-и)  and the posrfix (-сь).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When -сь is preceded by a consonant (including й), it becomes -ся:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Оста́нься - оста́ньтесь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(Не) бо́йся - (не) бо́йтесь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Отметься - отметьтесь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-03-16T21:08:52.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18316" CreationDate="2019-03-17T02:15:59.520" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not present in standard PC or Mac Russian keyboard layout, as it is only used in Latin-based e-mail addresses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;strong&gt;mobile devices keyboards sometimes have it&lt;/strong&gt;. &#xA;For example, iOS Russian keyboard has the “@“ symbol on “ф” key. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11616" LastActivityDate="2019-03-17T02:15:59.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18234" CreationDate="2019-03-17T07:01:32.013" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is formal. And yes, as mentioned above, &quot;Я к вашим услугам&quot; is more common.&#xA;Yes, it exactly means &quot;I am at your disposal&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more friendly and informal alternative is &quot;Всегда готов(-а) помочь&quot; or &quot;Всегда буду рад(-а) помочь&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11542" LastActivityDate="2019-03-17T07:01:32.013" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18316" CreationDate="2019-03-17T07:42:58.090" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The input method for @, working independently of keyboard layout: &lt;strong&gt;Alt + 64&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-03-17T07:42:58.090" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18323" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18324" CreationDate="2019-03-17T09:29:29.517" Score="1" ViewCount="238" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it so informal to answer &quot;&lt;strong&gt;очень приятно&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; with &quot;&lt;strong&gt;познакомиться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastEditorUserId="11537" LastEditDate="2019-03-17T10:47:01.973" LastActivityDate="2019-03-17T11:58:11.590" Title="познакомиться as the answer of очень приятно" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18323" CreationDate="2019-03-17T10:55:22.137" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;These phrases do not answer each other. When somebody is introduced or introducing themselves to you, you can answer: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Приятно познакомиться!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень приятно!&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Очень рад!&lt;/strong&gt; (typical of men, I've never heard a lady to answer &quot;Очень рада!&quot; when sb is introduced to her)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It all has the same degree of formality, as you are saying it to an unknown person. Less formal will be not to say that at all, but you should be attentive to the society you are in to make sure it is concidered polite there and what people say instead. E.g., it can be &quot;зд&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;рово, а я ... (the name)&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-03-17T11:58:11.590" LastActivityDate="2019-03-17T11:58:11.590" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18291" CreationDate="2019-03-17T12:08:26.170" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ТАК И ЕСТЬ (разговорная частица)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1)  &lt;strong&gt;Подтверждение сказанного:&lt;/strong&gt; Я с ним согласен, всё так и есть. Возможно, это так и есть. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;strong&gt;Соответствие (в сложном предложении)&lt;/strong&gt;: Как он сказал, так и есть. Если всё так и есть, то хорошо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;strong&gt;Соответствие тому, что ожидалось или предполагалось&lt;/strong&gt;: Подергал  дверь ― так и есть, заперта! Ну, так и есть. Всё, как я и предполагала.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;НУ ЧТО Ж (НУ ЧТО ЖЕ) (разговорная частица)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;НУ обозначает побуждение к действию, ЧТО – вопросительное слово,  ЖЕ (Ж) – усилительная частица.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) &lt;strong&gt;Согласие, принятое решение&lt;/strong&gt;: Ну что ж, пойдемте. Ну что ж, это можно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;strong&gt;Вывод, оценка&lt;/strong&gt;: Ну что ж, насильно мил не будешь. Ну что ж, этого следовало ожидать. Ну что ж, возможно, он прав.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) &lt;strong&gt;Вопрос о дальнейших действиях:&lt;/strong&gt; Ну что ж, пойдем или нет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastActivityDate="2019-03-17T12:08:26.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18326" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-17T20:44:34.880" Score="3" ViewCount="296" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UU6LL-pUSQs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Есть альбом&lt;/a&gt; певицы Аллы Орловой, под названием &quot;позадумайся&quot;. Сам себе думал, что наверняка это глагол, и инфинитив должен быть &quot;позадуматься&quot;. Но слова &quot;позадуматься&quot; ни в каком словаре не нашел. Почему нет, и что оно значит?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-03-17T22:19:19.217" LastActivityDate="2019-04-10T15:08:36.440" Title="Почему слова &quot;позадуматься&quot; не найдется в словарях?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18327" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18326" CreationDate="2019-03-17T22:36:22.847" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word is attested in Yefremova's &lt;em&gt;Современный толковый словарь русского языка&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;позаду́маться &lt;em&gt;сов. разг.&lt;/em&gt; призадуматься&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which means it's a modern colloquial synonym to &lt;em&gt;призадуматься&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;to give something a thought, to reflect on something&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Honestly I think it's the other way around, and &lt;em&gt;позадуматься&lt;/em&gt; actually predates &lt;em&gt;призадуматься&lt;/em&gt;, and, for sure, it's neither modern nor colloquial, at least not these days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally know the word from Krylov's fable &lt;em&gt;The Crow and The Fox&lt;/em&gt; (1807), and a brief search in the corpus shows that it was widely used in XIX century but then its usage declined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-03-17T22:36:22.847" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18328" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18329" CreationDate="2019-03-18T16:52:43.680" Score="3" ViewCount="342" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, you can say &quot;In English, please!&quot; to mean that you'd like a simpler explanation (when someone IS speaking English but using technical terms that a regular person wouldn't understand). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could you do the same in Russian, where a Russian speaker would say &quot;по-русски, пожалуйста!&quot; to another Russian speaker to indicate that they want a simple &quot;layman's terms&quot; explanation of what is being said?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1860" LastActivityDate="2019-03-31T22:13:33.910" Title="По-русски, пожалуйста!" Tags="&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18328" CreationDate="2019-03-18T17:35:41.563" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you can say &lt;code&gt;По-русски, пожалуйста!&lt;/code&gt; in such context.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Though more often I'd expect they say (a bit less formal and maybe a bit less polite):&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;А по-русски?&lt;/code&gt; (meaning &lt;code&gt;А [можно тоже самое, но] по-русски?&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though speaking of politeness:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote class=&quot;spoiler&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt; It is complicated enough to not claim that &lt;code&gt;По-русски, пожалуйста!&lt;/code&gt; is actually much more polite than &lt;code&gt;А по-русски?&lt;/code&gt;. I think it's the same for &lt;code&gt;In English, please!&lt;/code&gt;: despite of &lt;code&gt;please&lt;/code&gt; it's still not neutral enough to be safely used in any kind of conversation (and then more &quot;native&quot; &lt;code&gt;А по-русски?&lt;/code&gt; sounds like a better match in similar situations). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10327" LastEditorUserId="10327" LastEditDate="2019-03-19T00:42:00.407" LastActivityDate="2019-03-19T00:42:00.407" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18330" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18328" CreationDate="2019-03-18T20:26:19.210" Score="4" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;To my ear, &quot;По-русски, пожалуйста!&quot; sounds a bit too harsh. Like an order.&#xA;It would be more polite to say &quot;Нельзя ли по-русски?&quot; or, even better, &quot;Вы не могли бы по-русски?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I can imagine a situation where &quot;По-русски, пожалуйста!&quot; is used figuratively, with a touch of sarcasm. Imagine a physicist who is giving a seminar for his colleagues, and is using excessively rigorous mathematical language peppered with unnecessarily abstract notions from pure mathematics, and is proud of his pompous self. Then his more down-to-earth colleagues may ask him: &quot;По-русски, пожалуйста!&quot;   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-03-18T20:26:19.210" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18291" CreationDate="2019-03-18T20:48:27.043" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;так и есть&quot; = verily so &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;ну что ж&quot; may, depending on the context, be translated either &quot;be it as it may&quot; or as &quot;oh, whatever...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-03-18T20:48:27.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18276" CreationDate="2019-03-18T20:58:29.467" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the age of mechanical cameras, their mechanical triggers used to give out a specific sound, &quot;щелчок&quot;. Accordingly, in the conversational speech, it was normal to ask &quot;щёлкни нас на память&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The people older than forty will easily understand the verb &quot;щёлкнуть&quot; as a conversational synonym to &quot;сфотографировать&quot;. A much younger person should be well-read to understand this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;À propos, from a poem by Akhmadullina (about Akhmatova):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И тень её грядущей муки&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Защёлкнута ловушкой снимка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-03-18T20:58:29.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18328" CreationDate="2019-03-19T16:26:37.553" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is another one idiom for that: &quot;по рабоче-крестьянски&quot; (literally - &quot;in the language of [factory] workers and peasants&quot;). The term &quot;рабоче-крестьянский&quot; appeared in USSR, which declared itself as &quot;the state of workers and peasants&quot;. This phrase refers to a low level of education of a typical factory worker or a peasant. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Объясни мне по рабоче-крестьянски, как эта штука работает?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For my point of view, such request is less aggressive than &quot;по-русски, пожалуйста&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastEditorUserId="4481" LastEditDate="2019-03-19T16:34:35.907" LastActivityDate="2019-03-19T16:34:35.907" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18334" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-19T18:18:32.697" Score="2" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dictionary gives both as mother-in-law. Any difference?&#xA;Someone said one is for wife the other for husband but I could not confirm this.&#xA;Any clarification welcome.&#xA;Thanks &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11630" LastActivityDate="2019-03-22T07:14:51.247" Title="свекровь or тёща" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18335" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18334" CreationDate="2019-03-19T18:26:17.307" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Тёща - мама жены, only a man can have тёща. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Свекровь - мама мужа, only a woman has свекровь. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/-aFimeu-4DM?t=116&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/-aFimeu-4DM?t=116&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-03-22T07:14:51.247" LastActivityDate="2019-03-22T07:14:51.247" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18334" CreationDate="2019-03-19T18:28:29.873" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The explanation by that someone is correct. &lt;strong&gt;Свекровь&lt;/strong&gt; is always the &lt;em&gt;husband's mother&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;тёща&lt;/strong&gt; is the &lt;em&gt;wife's mother&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-03-19T18:28:29.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18337" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18342" CreationDate="2019-03-19T21:53:55.040" Score="6" ViewCount="368" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the village (there is) only one new house&#xA;В деревне только один новый дом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here (there is) only one place&#xA;Здесь только одно место&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the apartment (there is) a big room&#xA;В квартире большая комната&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is есть not used in these sentences, i know that it is okay with or without , but when is it acceptable to use it without? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found an answer here on the stack exchange but the question uses “у меня” and possessive cases and i am particularly looking for a rule that applies to all cases &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="11021" LastEditDate="2019-03-19T22:35:42.817" LastActivityDate="2019-03-29T14:19:56.770" Title="When can we omit есть?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18337" CreationDate="2019-03-20T00:37:09.627" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most sentences with есть can do without it, like in your examples. There are some exceptions e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дети есть дети. = Children are children.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У вас есть дети? = Do you have any children?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У тебя что ли денег нет? - Есть! = Don't you have any money? - I do!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-03-20T00:37:09.627" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18328" CreationDate="2019-03-20T20:08:35.857" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is а common if not idiomatic expression in Russian that is used as a request to explain in simpler terms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;А можно перевести на понятный?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(informal, but respectful)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Переведи на понятный.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(informal, used with peers)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4903" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-03-20T20:08:35.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13142" CreationDate="2019-03-20T20:12:35.203" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;really, guys? You're new in the Web? It's pretty obvious that :), -) or ) represents &quot;smile&quot;. Using brackets without colon or something - it's just network negligence. Single bracket displays slight smile, multiple - close to laughing. It isn't &quot;Russian style&quot;, it's &quot;Network style&quot;. The way of self expression in short text format&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11650" LastActivityDate="2019-03-20T20:12:35.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18337" CreationDate="2019-03-21T04:20:46.240" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just remembered a famous poem for children. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А у меня в кармане гвоздь. А у вас? –&#xA;  А у нас сегодня гость. А у вас?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 We don't use есть with most &quot;abstract&quot; nouns which aren't things in the structure у меня /тебя/нас есть, because there's no real posession. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У нас экзамен в пятницу. У меня сегодня встреча.(compare : У меня есть квартира. У него есть собака. where есть can or cannot be used.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think время is an exception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;We don't use есть in structures У меня в кармане гвоздь.where we speak about location rather than about posession. Though it's possible. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня в шкафу одеяло.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;We don't use есть describing appearance or character. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У нее глаза – два брильянта в три карата. У нее красивые волосы. У него золотое сердце.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4.We don't use есть when there is an attribute before the noun, if the accent is on a quality. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У него есть брат. But : У него три брата.&#xA;  У него есть машина. But: У него новая машина. У меня есть дом. But : У меня большой дом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-03-21T04:20:46.240" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18337" CreationDate="2019-03-21T22:18:58.607" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is quite clear: you omit 'есть', when this word is not what you underline in your message! That means that omitting does not give you absolutely the same sentences, so you not 'can', but 'do' omit 'есть' when this should be done. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every school student knows what is the subject and what is the predicate in the sentence. 'есть' is a verb, so it is always a predicate. Predicate contains the core idea of the sentence's subject. But what happens, when you omit the predicate? Yes, other words try to take it's role.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'В деревне &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;один&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; новый дом' = 'A &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;single&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; new house is in the village' = 'The new house is single in the village'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'В деревне &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; один новый дом' = 'A new house &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in the village' = 'A new house can be found in the village'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'Здесь &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;одно&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; место' = '&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;One&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; place is here' = 'The place here is the only one'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'Здесь &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; одно место' = 'There &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; one place' = 'A place is here'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'В квартире &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;большая&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; комната' = 'The room in the flat is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;big&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'В квартире &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; большая комната' = 'A big room &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in the flat'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your sentences contained 'только', which is a possible signal to omit 'есть'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While explaining I noticed, that 'есть' was omitted in sentences, where 'the' was used in English, while 'a' &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; used with 'есть'. That corresponds with the role strength of the subjects. Maybe it will be the most useful hint for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;This was about regular texts. Steady expression can except this structure (just because they are steady), poems prefer to compress information. You will be understood when breaking these a bit soft rules, but no one always speaks like from a theater scene, right?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11107" LastEditorUserId="11107" LastEditDate="2019-03-29T09:40:24.467" LastActivityDate="2019-03-29T09:40:24.467" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18234" CreationDate="2019-03-21T23:17:44.090" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a polite form from the old times, it is between formal and informal language. Just imagine a ball (or some cross-meeting, when not everyone knows each other), where young people from high society are friendly, but not informal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in addition to its direct meaning, it becomes clear: no one will use 'я в вашем распоряжении' being in small group of close friends, but also no one will allow to say that at a business conversation. This is the middle of formal and informal ways to speak, a close mix of joke and truth. This can be used by good service staff, by members of team, or by politicians and businessmen enjoying something together to become familiar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a result, use 'я в вашем распоряжении', when you are ready to smile. When you pronounce this seriosly, it looks as work, rude service, way to earn money, as a wall for strangers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11107" LastEditorUserId="11107" LastEditDate="2019-03-23T21:22:29.120" LastActivityDate="2019-03-23T21:22:29.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17677" CreationDate="2019-03-22T00:18:46.173" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нравится мне в этих восклицательных выражениях то, что по факту они всегда скрывают вопрос 'зачем?', на который мы как правило и отвечаем после этого восклика.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Интуитивно, я не филолог: в самом деле, зачем мне эти макароны? Смотрю на слово 'дались' и первым делом вспоминаю, что я так же слышу 'ну &lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt;дались тебе эти макароны!'. 'Дались' и 'сдались', которые никак не меняют смысла предложения, видимо потому что имеют нечто общее. 'Дались' и 'сдались'. Сами. Мне. Словно я ничего не сделал для их получения, как будто это нахаляву. И вот тогда становится сразу понятно, 'зачем'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11107" LastActivityDate="2019-03-22T00:18:46.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17677" CreationDate="2019-03-22T09:56:08.447" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как сказал @makaleks, скорее всего это искажённое &quot;сдалисть&quot;.&#xA;А &quot;сдаться&quot; означает в том числе &quot;понадобиться&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Понадобились тебе эти макароны!&quot; - удивление или неудовольствие от этого факта.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2019-03-22T09:56:08.447" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18337" CreationDate="2019-03-23T06:47:09.643" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;code&gt;есть&lt;/code&gt; is used explicitly when a strong emphasis on a fact of existence should be made.&#xA;If it is omitted, emphasis is shifted to elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5617" LastEditorUserId="5617" LastEditDate="2019-03-23T06:54:53.697" LastActivityDate="2019-03-23T06:54:53.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18350" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18351" CreationDate="2019-03-23T14:34:04.903" Score="3" ViewCount="171" Body="&lt;p&gt;I hear both as &quot;I can&quot;, but when is it appropriate to use either or?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am aware the former means &quot;maybe&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11637" LastActivityDate="2019-03-26T11:18:59.270" Title="может быть a могу" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18350" CreationDate="2019-03-23T16:27:50.227" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main difference is that могу is a verb, and можно is an adverb. If you confused about the meaning or using these words in practice: могу is more like when you say 'I can' (do something or expressing a state about yourself depending on context, etc), e.g. я могу быть сильным/I can be strong. можно is usually used in the questions or when you are asking for an allowance to do something e.g. можно мне войти?/can I come in? However, in Russian language we also use могу in questions, e.g/. могу я войти?/can I come in? Thus, могу and можно in questions will mean the same&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Может быть can be also used as “maybe”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Может быть, Вы правы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe you're right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Может быть дождь до вечера.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It might** rain before evening&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Может быть, в этом и есть доля правды&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There &lt;em&gt;may be&lt;/em&gt; some truth to this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Могу used as Can I/May I:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Могу ли я начать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can I begin?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Могу ли я включить свет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;May I switch on the light? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-03-26T11:18:59.270" LastActivityDate="2019-03-26T11:18:59.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17677" CreationDate="2019-03-24T06:33:46.027" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вот пример из литературы [Евгений Евтушенко. Ягодные места (1982)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Герой с удовольствием собирает грибы, а его другу это надоело, и он говорит:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Дались тебе эти грибы, спина уж от них болит.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Дались тебе&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;... ― это разговорный фразеологизм, он широко применяется в речи. Как же он возник?   Да очень просто, это результат  &lt;strong&gt;развития значения слова, о чем говорится в толковом словаре.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Собака не дается в руки&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (не даёт   что-л. сделать с собой, она недоступна). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ему хорошо дается математика&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (она для него доступна).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3)  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Далась ему эта математика&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; ,  он только о ней и говорит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Схематично это выглядит так&lt;/strong&gt;: реальный предмет (дается или не дается) ― отвлеченное понятие (дается или не дается) ― &lt;strong&gt;ироническое прочтение&lt;/strong&gt;, в результате чего  &lt;strong&gt;положительная оценка переходит в отрицательную.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ДАТЬСЯ,&lt;/strong&gt; св. Разг. &lt;strong&gt;1. Позволить схватить себя&lt;/strong&gt;; допустить сделать что-л. с собой; поддаться, уступить. Не дамся в руки. &lt;strong&gt;2. только 3 л. (кому). Явиться, оказаться&lt;/strong&gt; каким-л. для овладения,  понимания и т.п. Латынь ему не даётся. Грамота далась ему легко. 3. &lt;strong&gt;только прош. 3 л. (кому)&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Стать предметом крайнего внимания, интереса, постоянных разговоров кого-л.&lt;/strong&gt; Далась тебе эта песенка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Толковый словарь: &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=даться&amp;amp;all=x&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastEditorUserId="11535" LastEditDate="2019-03-24T16:28:51.310" LastActivityDate="2019-03-24T16:28:51.310" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18354" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-24T13:40:28.763" Score="4" ViewCount="362" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the right way to express sadness in Russian?&#xA;I often hear the expression &lt;strong&gt;мне грустно&lt;/strong&gt;, which is formed with an adverb if I'm not mistaken. &#xA;Recently I also heard about the verb &lt;strong&gt;грустить&lt;/strong&gt; and its first person singular &lt;strong&gt;я грущу&lt;/strong&gt;, which in my opinion could also be used to express sadness. Is this form more often used in sentences and not in fixed expressions?&#xA;Then there's also a third form, &lt;strong&gt;я гру́стен&lt;/strong&gt;. I've never really heard anyone using this expression, but theoretically it's a short form adjective and these are normally used for expressing current moods.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I appreciate all your answers, thank you for helping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11656" LastActivityDate="2019-03-31T18:51:07.637" Title="How to express sadness?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18354" CreationDate="2019-03-24T13:52:36.540" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While &lt;code&gt;мне грустно&lt;/code&gt; neutrally expresses your state (&lt;em&gt;I'm sad&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;code&gt;я грущу&lt;/code&gt; means you are in a process of “being sad”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for me, &lt;code&gt;я грущу&lt;/code&gt; sounds like a whim or an irony (like, “don't bother me now; I'm sadd&lt;em&gt;ing&lt;/em&gt; for a short time, but then I'll be available for others”). So it should not be used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7547" LastActivityDate="2019-03-24T13:52:36.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18356" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18354" CreationDate="2019-03-24T14:41:34.890" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb as opposed to the adverb seems more often than not to appear accompanied by an object appended with the prepositions &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; (which governs either Dative or Prepositional cases) or &lt;strong&gt;o/об&lt;/strong&gt; (which governs Prepositional case) - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;грустить (п)о ком/чём-л. | по кому/чему-л.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-03-24T14:41:34.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18350" CreationDate="2019-03-24T17:53:16.423" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the Russian verb phrase there are two modals: &#xA;one of possibility and the other of ability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the English equivalent must be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I &lt;strong&gt;may&lt;/strong&gt; (or &lt;strong&gt;might&lt;/strong&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;be&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;able&lt;/strong&gt; to do...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11658" LastActivityDate="2019-03-24T17:53:16.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18358" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18354" CreationDate="2019-03-25T00:47:45.363" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would recommend you to explore the meanings of the words &quot;печаль&quot; and &quot;тоска&quot;.&#xA;Е.g., &quot;Обуяла меня печаль, одолела меня тоска.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also of use are the verbs &quot;печалиться&quot; and &quot;тосковать&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the reason is known or implied, you can say &quot;опечален&quot;.&#xA;Е.g., &quot;опечален я Вашим поведением, сударыня&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can also be said:  &quot;эти события повергают меня в тоску&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another pertinent saying is: &quot;тяжёлые мысли&quot;.&#xA;E.g., &quot;Уже который день он ходил, погружённый в тяжёлые мысли.&quot;&#xA;(Оn this special occasion, &quot;который&quot; = &quot;не первый&quot;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, you can say:  &quot;тяжко на душе&quot;,  &quot;тяжело на душе&quot;,  &quot;муторно на душе&quot;&#xA;(the latter saying being a bit more conversational).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T00:47:45.363" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18234" CreationDate="2019-03-25T02:06:10.813" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is archaic expression. I would expect it to as humorous expression between friendly co-workers or friends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5622" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T02:06:10.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18360" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18362" CreationDate="2019-03-25T06:23:35.437" Score="5" ViewCount="597" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is a natural way to say the following?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;It's better to give priority to this task.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I need to set priorities.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I need to get my priorities straight.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm finding expressions like: (приоритизировать, уделять первоочередное внимание, определить приоритеты), but I'm unable to know whether some are too formal, too literary or unnatural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11628" LastEditorUserId="4500" LastEditDate="2019-03-25T13:15:45.660" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T16:58:37.427" Title="The verb &quot;to prioritize&quot;" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18360" CreationDate="2019-03-25T07:05:50.787" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;It's better to give priority to this task.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сто́ит поставить эту задачу в приоритет.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Надо выполнить эту задачу в первую очередь.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I need to set priorities.&lt;/em&gt; — я должен расставить приоритеты.&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7547" LastEditorUserId="7547" LastEditDate="2019-03-25T07:11:03.250" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T07:11:03.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18360" CreationDate="2019-03-25T10:55:24.393" Score="6" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Лучше поставить на первое место эту задачу. (informal) OR Лучше дать приоритет этой задаче. (formal)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мне нужно расставить приоритеты. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мне нужно разобраться/определиться с приоритетами.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;приоритет&lt;/strong&gt; is quite formal so most sentences containing it will probably sound formal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The expressions &quot;быть в приоритете&quot;, &quot;поставить в приоритет&quot; seem to be quite new and are less formal than the word itself. Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У нас сейчас банька в приоритете.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-03-25T13:03:17.063" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T13:03:17.063" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18360" CreationDate="2019-03-25T16:58:37.427" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;приоритизировать&quot; is an OK word, it's a bit long, but I definitely heard it used in real life conversations. For more informal statements you can use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;It's better to give priority to this task.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Первым делом надо [сделать/закочить/выполнить] [задачу]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For the other two examples you can use &quot;(правильно) расставить приоритеты&quot; if you want to be more formal/literal, but if it's expression along the line of &quot;Hey man, you need to get your priorities straight&quot; you night use something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;не забывай что тут главное&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But like a lot of translation it might depends on context&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8905" LastActivityDate="2019-03-25T16:58:37.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18354" CreationDate="2019-03-26T22:40:47.720" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right: 'мне грустно' is the most common case. Look at the word in different parts of speech (verb,adjective,adverb). Just compare the variants:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are you doing? Request for action. Mostly used when speaking about someone else (using that for yourself is not very appropriate, it usually makes you looking lazy/weak - so speak about yourself in such way only with close friends):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я грущу = I am feeling sad [now] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;По-моему, он о чём-то грустит = I think he is sad about something&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What person are you? What person are you now? Request for description. Obviously, you should not say about yourself in a such negative way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я грустен/Я грустный = I am sad [I am a sad person]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in Russian it is assumed that sadness will pass somewhen. It is something that distracts you from your friends and your work only now. Sadness in this meaning is some kind of external phenomenon:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне грустно = I feel sadness&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will completely understand it if you look at sadness like at other externals (like 'it is rainy', 'it is snowing'): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне холодно = It is cold for me (I feel cold)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне противно = It is distasteful for me (I feel distastefulness)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне хорошо = It is good for me (I feel good)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне тяжело = It is hard for me&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding other expressions of sadness, I can suggest other common 'sad' expressions (same can be said about drugs):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Меня не отпускает грусть = The sadness doesn't release me&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Меня внезапно накрыла печаль = The sadness has suddenly covered me&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11107" LastEditorUserId="11107" LastEditDate="2019-03-31T18:51:07.637" LastActivityDate="2019-03-31T18:51:07.637" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18365" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18366" CreationDate="2019-03-26T23:27:56.353" Score="2" ViewCount="1053" Body="&lt;p&gt;i don't understand the difference between them, feel free to add examples&#xA;i was given this sentence for зато and dint see why но couldn't be substituted for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i don't like the metro and the airport express goes too slowly, on the other hand it’s reliable,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я не люблю метро, а в аероэкспрессе слишком медленно, зато надёжно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я не люблю метро, а в аероэкспрессе слишком медленно но надёжно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could they be interchanged? Someone told me но feels more natural and i'm not sure if that is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="11021" LastEditDate="2019-04-03T23:39:39.377" LastActivityDate="2019-04-03T23:39:39.377" Title="What is the difference between &quot;зато&quot; and &quot;но&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18366" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18365" CreationDate="2019-03-27T00:31:05.590" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Зато&quot; implies a trade-off. &quot;Но&quot; (&quot;But&quot;) is generic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is no trade-off (explicit positives and negatives) between the options, &quot;зато&quot; can not be used. If a trade-off is described, &quot;зато&quot; and &quot;но&quot; can be used interchangeably. &quot;Зато&quot; can be used to stress particular advantage (more typically) or disadvantage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-03-27T00:31:05.590" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18367" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18368" CreationDate="2019-03-27T06:54:36.803" Score="6" ViewCount="195" Body="&lt;p&gt;When addressing someone with a term of endearment, should the gender of &quot;my&quot; match the word or the person? For example, when addressing a male as &quot;my star&quot;, would you say Звездочка моя or Звездочка мой?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11667" LastActivityDate="2019-03-29T05:33:30.413" Title="Adjective gender for terms of endearment" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18367" CreationDate="2019-03-27T08:01:41.757" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The gender of pronoun should match the gender &lt;strong&gt;of the endearment word&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example, there's a word of endearment &lt;strong&gt;зайчонок&lt;/strong&gt; (bunny). When applied to a woman, as it often is, the combination looks like &lt;strong&gt;мой зайчонок&lt;/strong&gt; where &lt;strong&gt;мой&lt;/strong&gt; is a masculine form agreeing with masculine &lt;strong&gt;зайчонок&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However there're cases where а pronoun can also provisionally match the person's sex, that is when nouns have a feminine ending but are essentially gender-neutral, e.g. &lt;strong&gt;умница/чка, лапочка/лапуля, молодчина/нка&lt;/strong&gt; and again &lt;strong&gt;зайка&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-03-28T07:47:25.857" LastActivityDate="2019-03-28T07:47:25.857" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18369" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18370" CreationDate="2019-03-27T10:03:56.533" Score="3" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;When do I use an infinitive after Чтобы and when do I use the verb in the past?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is confusing me when Чтобы is used to express the purpose of one action by another. I mean sentences like these:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I woke up early to catch the train.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I woke up early so that we catch the train.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm inclined to think that the absence of a subject in the subordinate clause after чтобы is why the infinitive is used. Maybe when the subject is clear from context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я проснулся рано чтобы успеть на поезд.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я проснулся рано чтобы мы успели на поезд.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are these sentences correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other usages of Чтобы, things seem clearer to me:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Скажи ему чтобы не переживал.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня нет времени чтобы играть.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are these correct?&#xA;Did I miss anything of relevance? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11628" LastEditorUserId="11628" LastEditDate="2019-03-27T12:36:58.007" LastActivityDate="2019-03-27T12:36:58.007" Title="Should the verb after &quot;Чтобы&quot; be infinitive or in the past tense?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;синтаксис&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18370" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18369" CreationDate="2019-03-27T11:49:46.907" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;All four sentences are correct, however for some of them better version exists stylistically-wise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Subject is inferred from verbs' case. When you say &lt;code&gt;чтобы успеть&lt;/code&gt;, subject is  you unless stated otherwise &lt;code&gt;чтобы ему успеть&lt;/code&gt;, when you said &lt;code&gt;чтобы успел&lt;/code&gt;, subject is not you unless stated explicitly &lt;code&gt;чтобы я успел&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2019-03-27T11:49:46.907" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18372" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18375" CreationDate="2019-03-28T08:23:57.487" Score="2" ViewCount="165" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across this sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я мало чем могу помочь, но могу поделиться с тобой старым хаком&#xA;  статуса профиля.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm confused with мало чем. How is it used? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10593" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-03-28T15:10:33.993" LastActivityDate="2019-03-29T04:58:50.620" Title="Explain чем in this sentence" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18372" CreationDate="2019-03-28T08:34:01.567" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There is not many ways I can help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another valid sentence would be &lt;em&gt;Я мало что могу для тебя сделать&lt;/em&gt; («There is not much I can do for you»).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;чем&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt; in these examples are similar to &lt;em&gt;которыми&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;которые&lt;/em&gt; here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мало &lt;strong&gt;действий, которыми&lt;/strong&gt; я могу помочь.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мало &lt;strong&gt;действий, которые&lt;/strong&gt; я могу для тебя сделать.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8109" LastActivityDate="2019-03-28T08:34:01.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18372" CreationDate="2019-03-28T09:39:18.783" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literally (&lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt; ~ &lt;em&gt;what &lt;strong&gt;with&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;by&lt;/strong&gt; doing what&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;There are not many things I could help you &lt;strong&gt;with&lt;/strong&gt;, however I'd share [help you &lt;strong&gt;by&lt;/strong&gt; sharing]&#xA;  an old hacked profile status (with you).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-03-28T09:39:18.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18372" CreationDate="2019-03-28T10:08:44.660" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Чем' is a form of 'что' meaning 'what'. This is exactly the question that is used when you learn cases ('чем' is instrumental case, number 5 = 'творительный').&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8FkMa.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/8FkMa.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translate it word-by-word and it will be clear:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;мало чем&lt;/strong&gt; могу помочь, но могу поделиться с тобой старым хаком&#xA;  статуса [от] профиля&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;=&gt; word-by-word =&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I &lt;strong&gt;little what&lt;/strong&gt; can help, but can share with you old hack status&#xA;  [of] profile&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;=&gt; shake it =&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Little what&lt;/strong&gt; I can help, but can share old profile status hack with you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;=&gt; add English grammar =&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;There is&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;little with what&lt;/strong&gt; I can help you, but &lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt; can share &lt;em&gt;an&lt;/em&gt; old profile status hack with you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11107" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-03-28T10:28:22.547" LastActivityDate="2019-03-28T10:28:22.547" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18377" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-03-28T20:52:56.743" Score="0" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;In mathematics the technical term Riemann manifold (or Riemannian manifold) denotes a type of space investigated by the nineteenth century German mathematician Bernhard Riemann.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The corresponding Russian term is sometimes written &lt;em&gt;римановое многообразие&lt;/em&gt;: no surprise here. &#xA;However I seem to have more often come across the expression &lt;em&gt;риманово&lt;/em&gt; (without an &lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt; at the end) &lt;em&gt;многообразие&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Since the genitive of &lt;em&gt;Pиман&lt;/em&gt; is, I guess, &lt;em&gt;Pимана&lt;/em&gt; with upper case P, the shorter (and to me stranger) form &lt;em&gt;риманово&lt;/em&gt; cannnot be a genitive and seems thus also to be an adjective.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;What is the explanation for this variant ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3917" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-03-29T16:01:53.973" LastActivityDate="2019-03-29T16:01:53.973" Title="римановое многообразие or риманово многообразие?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;possessive-adjective&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18377" CreationDate="2019-03-28T22:30:05.230" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a possessive adjectival form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Притяжательные прилагательные - разряд прилагательных, выражающих&#xA;  принадлежность чего-либо лицу или животному (отцовы сапоги, волчья&#xA;  нора). П. п. образуются с помощью суффиксов -ов(-ев), -ин, -ий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russkiyyazik.ru/721/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The suffix &lt;strong&gt;-ов(-ев)&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't seem to be productive any longer so its use is confined to proper names and members of stable collocations which emerged when it was still current. To name a few &lt;strong&gt;базедова болезнь&lt;/strong&gt; (after physician Basedow), &lt;strong&gt;прокрустово ложе&lt;/strong&gt; (after mythological figure Procrustes), &lt;strong&gt;Эйфелева башня&lt;/strong&gt; (after Gustave Eiffel), &lt;strong&gt;бикфордов шнур&lt;/strong&gt; (after William Bickford), &lt;strong&gt;бертоллетова соль&lt;/strong&gt; (after Сlaude Berthollet), &lt;strong&gt;крокодиловы слёзы&lt;/strong&gt; (today we'd say &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;крокодильи&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the same form as the one typical Russian surnames are fashioned in (&lt;strong&gt;Иванов ← Иван, Петров ← Пётр, Сидоров ← Сидор&lt;/strong&gt;). Originally it was supposed to be followed by the words &lt;strong&gt;сын&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;дочь&lt;/strong&gt; and functioned as patronymic before formal surnames appeared → &lt;strong&gt;Марья Иванова дочь&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Фёдор Петров сын&lt;/strong&gt;, much like is the case of many Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian and other nations' surnames. In Russian it may look unusual in neuter gender, because we're used to it in either masculine or feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's also employed in the expression &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;драть как Cидорову козу&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; where &lt;strong&gt;Cидорова&lt;/strong&gt; means Sidor's (feminine).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possessive adjectives answer the question &lt;strong&gt;чей?&lt;/strong&gt; (whose?) whereas regular adjectives answer the question &lt;strong&gt;какой?&lt;/strong&gt; (what (kind of)? which?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-03-29T16:00:50.657" LastActivityDate="2019-03-29T16:00:50.657" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18377" CreationDate="2019-03-28T22:50:01.653" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are so-called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.study-languages-online.com/grammar/tables/possessive-adjective-declensions-in&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;possessive adjectives&lt;/a&gt; which are used extensively (but not exclusively) in science, medicine and religion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;булева алгебра &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;базедова болезнь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ахиллесова пята&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;прокрустово ложе&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;декартово произведение&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;сизифов труд&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are formed by adding the suffix -ов (-ев, -ёв) to the motivating stem (usually denoting a person). Russian surnames (Иванов, Петров) have the same structure and follow the same declension pattern, except for the prepositional case: об ивановом - об Иванове.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-03-28T22:55:23.057" LastActivityDate="2019-03-28T22:55:23.057" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18372" CreationDate="2019-03-29T01:55:34.787" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This simply means &quot;&lt;strong&gt;not much&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, as in &quot;&lt;code&gt;There isn't much I can do for you&lt;/code&gt;&quot;.&#xA;Alternatively you can put it as &quot;&lt;code&gt;There's little I can do for you&lt;/code&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's one of those turns of speech that sound awfully awkward and artificial if you try to translate them closely, so I would not even try to try to interpret &quot;&lt;strong&gt;мало чем помочь&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; directly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you really want to translate &quot;&lt;strong&gt;помочь&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; directly as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;help&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; rather than &quot;&lt;strong&gt;do&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, you'd have to use it as a noun, not a verb. &quot;&lt;code&gt;I'm a afraid I can't be much [of a] help...&lt;/code&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The literate translation is &quot;&lt;code&gt;[There's] little with which I can help you&lt;/code&gt;&quot;, so you can see you can't really use it or shape it in any way that would sound idiomatic, or normal even, in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="10749" LastEditDate="2019-03-29T04:58:50.620" LastActivityDate="2019-03-29T04:58:50.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18372" CreationDate="2019-03-29T04:22:24.917" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мало чем&lt;/strong&gt; is the instrumental of the set expression &lt;strong&gt;мало что&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;not a lot [of things]&quot;. It belongs to a certain category of expressions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Think of &lt;strong&gt;кое-что&lt;/strong&gt;. The pronoun meaning &quot;a certain something&quot; or, alternately, &quot;a few things here and there&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a limited number of adverbs that combine (without hyphenation) with &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; to form set expressions that are pronoun-like without technically being pronouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The major ones are &lt;strong&gt;мало что&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;много что&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;(не)известно что&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;(не)понятно что&lt;/strong&gt;, and the postpositioned &lt;strong&gt;что надо&lt;/strong&gt;. There are others, (even) more colloquial and not necessarily adverbial, such as &lt;strong&gt;не пойми что&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;чёрт-те что&lt;/strong&gt;; one, &lt;strong&gt;Бог знает что&lt;/strong&gt; has an exact English equivalent in &lt;em&gt;God knows what&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just like you also get &lt;strong&gt;кое-кто&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;кое-где&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;кое-как&lt;/strong&gt;, etc., these pseudo-affixed adverbs can combine with any other interrogative/relative pronoun. E.g. &lt;strong&gt;мало где&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;not in a lot of places&quot;, &lt;strong&gt;много как&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;in many [possible] ways&quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a matter of pure convention that they're not hyphenated. For all intents and purposes, &lt;strong&gt;мало&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt; in your example should be thought of as a whole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2019-03-29T04:22:24.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18367" CreationDate="2019-03-29T05:33:30.413" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer to your question is NO. The describing word must correspond grammatically to the word you describe. These are grammatical relations and male/female problem is not really important here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2019-03-29T05:33:30.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18377" CreationDate="2019-03-29T09:33:56.883" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Римановое&lt;/code&gt; is plain wrong - it turns animate subject into inanimate adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;code&gt;Римановское&lt;/code&gt; exists as a variant of norm, that is of &lt;code&gt;Риманово&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2019-03-29T09:33:56.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18337" CreationDate="2019-03-29T14:19:56.770" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think I would add a rather well known song, which has many examples of &quot;есть&quot; used and still some examples of &quot;есть&quot; omitted (mostly to fit the rhymes into the rhythm):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6ZevXca9CI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6ZevXca9CI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Виктор Цой / Группа КИНО &#xA;Место Для Шага Вперёд&#xA;&#xA;У меня есть дом, только нет ключей, &#xA;У меня есть солнце, но оно среди туч, &#xA;Есть голова, только нет плечей, &#xA;Но я вижу, как тучи режет солнечный луч. &#xA;&#xA;У меня есть слово, но в нём нет букв, &#xA;У меня есть лес, но нет топоров, &#xA;У меня есть время, но нет сил ждать &#xA;И есть ещё ночь, но в ней нет снов. &#xA;&#xA;И есть ещё белые, белые дни, &#xA;Белые горы и белый лёд, &#xA;Но всё, что мне нужно, это несколько слов &#xA;И место для шага вперёд. &#xA;&#xA;У меня река, только нет моста, &#xA;У меня есть мыши, но нет кота, &#xA;У меня есть парус, но ветра нет &#xA;И есть ещё краски, но нет холста. &#xA;&#xA;У меня на кухне из крана вода, &#xA;У меня есть рана, но нет бинта, &#xA;У меня есть братья, но нет родных &#xA;И есть рука, и она пуста. &#xA;&#xA;И есть ещё белые, белые дни, &#xA;Белые горы и белый лёд, &#xA;Но всё, что мне нужно, это несколько слов &#xA;И место для шага вперёд. &#xA;&#xA;И есть ещё белые, белые дни, &#xA;Белые горы и белый лёд, &#xA;Но всё, что мне нужно, это несколько слов &#xA;И место для шага вперёд.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2019-03-29T14:19:56.770" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18234" CreationDate="2019-03-31T22:04:31.003" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is highly formal and would literally mean that you are subordinated to the one to whom you said it, in a very military-like style, as in &quot;I am waiting orders&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2019-03-31T22:04:31.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18328" CreationDate="2019-03-31T22:13:33.910" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This may sound rude or even racist as if you were hinting that the other person was non-Russian or their Russian was bad&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2019-03-31T22:13:33.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18388" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18326" CreationDate="2019-03-31T22:22:37.473" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word sounds weird because of the insane combination of prefixes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;задуматься = to start thinking&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;призадуматься = to start thinking a bit&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;позадуматься = &lt;em&gt;to start thinking several times without stopping&lt;/em&gt; (!!!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This does not make a sense: if you mean &quot;to think several times&quot; then you say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;подумать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Starting&lt;/em&gt; thinking several times makes little sense, but even if you wanted to say that, you would use&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;позадумываться = to fall into thinking several times, each time for a while, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or even &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;попризадумываться = to fall into thinking a bit several times, each time for a while&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Starting thinking several times &lt;em&gt;without ever stopping&lt;/em&gt; is simply logically impossible!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2019-04-01T23:02:45.523" LastActivityDate="2019-04-01T23:02:45.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18313" CreationDate="2019-03-31T22:44:03.940" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This means &quot;city painted from memory&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Написанный город may refer only to painting but if it would be написанный рассказ &quot;written story&quot; it would mean writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2019-03-31T22:44:03.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18390" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18392" CreationDate="2019-03-31T23:07:18.500" Score="3" ViewCount="297" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &quot;&lt;strong&gt;расскажите мне&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;скажите мне&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Both mean, &lt;strong&gt;tell me&lt;/strong&gt;!?&#xA;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;And also may I remove &lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt; in both cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastEditorUserId="11537" LastEditDate="2019-04-01T01:03:40.003" LastActivityDate="2019-04-01T07:54:59.717" Title="difference between &quot;расскажите мне&quot; and &quot;скажите мне&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18390" CreationDate="2019-03-31T23:48:07.280" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference between these verbs is pretty much the same as between &lt;strong&gt;racontre&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;dire&lt;/strong&gt; in French. In English both sentences mean 'tell me', and yes you can drop &quot;мне&quot; in both cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main difference is the length/depth of the answer you are trying to get out of someone. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Расскажи/те&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; implies there is a story to tell. For example you want to know how someone have spent their vacation or how they got a job that you're interested in. You are expecting at least a couple of minutes of the story with at least some details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ну, рассказывай, как слетал, что видел.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Скажи/те&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; implies there is some really short answer to be given, one, max two sentences. Sometimes it's used when the question is really rhetorical and you don't expect an answer (of any substance).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Скажи, вот какого чёрта тебя туда понесло? Дома не сиделось?&#xA;&#xA;Просто скажите мне во сколько мне лучше подъехать и я там буду.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often &quot;Не подскажешь/подскажете?&quot; is used, especially when asking for directions, though it literally means &quot;could you give me a hint?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastActivityDate="2019-03-31T23:48:07.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18390" CreationDate="2019-04-01T07:54:59.717" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Расскажите&lt;/em&gt; - implies a story, some description. &lt;em&gt;Скажите&lt;/em&gt; - just say, tell. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Скажи ему, что ты его любишь = Tell him that you love him. &#xA;Расскажи ему, КАК ты его любишь (in the sense 'describe your love') = Tell him how (in what way) you love him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;em&gt;мне&lt;/em&gt; - it can be omitted if the meaning is clear from the context (regardless of the verb used). &#xA;Рас\скажи мне, как ты меня любишь. - Рас\скажи, как ты меня любишь. (the latter is possible if it's a dialogue and 'to me' is implied, or if you want a group of people to hear the story).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2019-04-01T07:54:59.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18393" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-01T12:05:31.027" Score="3" ViewCount="251" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если у нас есть предложение с двумя полными наборами однородных членов:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Она рисует&quot; и &quot;её друзья спят&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То запятая ставится:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она рисует, и её друзья спят&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А что если один из наборов неполный, нет сказуемого, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она художник и её друзья спят&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нужна ли здесь запятая?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11684" LastActivityDate="2019-04-06T12:36:13.520" Title="Она художник и её друзья спят" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18393" CreationDate="2019-04-01T15:28:55.630" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Разве количество частей сложного предложения определяется только количеством сказуемых? Подлежащие не менее значимо. Запятая нужна. В приведённом примере сказуемое выражено существительным (как в предложениях с тире), а ведь может быть и причастием, и наречием - не только глаголом. Кроме того, есть и односоставные предложения, где есть только подлежащее или только сказуемое. Например, назывным предложением зовётся предложение без сказуемого ('полная тишина'), и даже его использовать при создании сложных предложений можно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примеры в интернете по запросу 'сказуемое выраженное '+часть_речи&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11107" LastEditorUserId="11107" LastEditDate="2019-04-01T20:06:21.457" LastActivityDate="2019-04-01T20:06:21.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18396" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1808" CreationDate="2019-04-02T06:40:23.063" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;совершенный вид does not guarantee anything in Russian any more than it does in English. It simply indicates a completed action or perhaps a more specifically stated intent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Буду звонить&quot; does NOT mean &quot;I'll maybe call you, but it's not likely.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bottomline: It's very simple. Both ways (позвоню AND буду звонить) are correct. Just as in English, you can say: I will call you (позвоню). OR: I will be calling you (буду тебе звонить). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, whatever the difference the above makes to you in English (in terms of the tone or mood) translates directly and straightforwardly the same way into Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a side note: Teaching Russian to a non-native speaker can be pretty challenging! Sometimes I catch myself re-thinking and double doubting myself about the simplest things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11685" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-04-02T10:57:06.810" LastActivityDate="2019-04-02T10:57:06.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1808" CreationDate="2019-04-02T19:10:24.707" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you say after a bad date, ''Буду тебе звонить,'' especially in a non-enthusiastic tone, then yes, it can be interpreted as your teacher described, but generally the difference between ''позвоню тебе'' and ''буду звонить тебе'' is not about the degree of definiteness of the future action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;''Позвоню тебе'' refers to a single future action - a call. In essence, the speaker promises that he will have completed a call or will have tried to reach you by phone. This can be seen as result-oriented thinking, where the goal is to make a call.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;''Буду звонить тебе'' refers to a future process and has the process-oriented flavour. In essence, the speaker promises that he will be engaged in a process of calling you, and this can mean, for example, that he intends to repeatedly try to reach you by phone or to have a series of phone conversations with you. Another possible, albeit not frequent, meaning is that the speaker wants to emphasise that he will be busy calling you and, as a result, won't be able to do a certain thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same applies to other verbs, too. For example, ''буду делать'' is a promise to get engaged in a process of doing something, while ''сделаю'' is a promise to successfully accomplish doing something and deliver the required result. The difference is not in the degree of firmness of the promise, but in the nature of the promise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-04-02T19:10:24.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18365" CreationDate="2019-04-03T17:24:11.600" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Etymologically, the word ''зато'' obviously originated from ''за то,'' which literally means ''for that.'' The implication is a trade-off, as Alexander already wrote in his answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a sentence in which ''но'' cannot be replaced by ''зато'': &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я хотела это сделать, но у меня не получилось = I wanted to do it, but&#xA;  did not succeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a sentence in which ''зато'' cannot be replaced by ''но'': &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Целый час пришлось в очереди сидеть, зато книжку наконец дочитала&#xA;  = I had to spend an hour waiting for my turn, the positive side being that I was finally able to complete reading the book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps the closest English expression to ''зато'' is ''on the flip side.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastEditorUserId="11395" LastEditDate="2019-04-03T19:22:39.927" LastActivityDate="2019-04-03T19:22:39.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18399" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18402" CreationDate="2019-04-03T21:08:52.627" Score="2" ViewCount="407" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am coming across sentences where человек is used instead of мужчина, when does this happen and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That man is not a professor he is a doctor&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Этот человек не профессор доктор&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;тот человек не профессор он доктор&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-04-04T08:33:51.847" Title="When is человек used as the word man instead of мужчина" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18399" CreationDate="2019-04-03T21:46:31.053" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Человек is a man/human in general. Мужчина is used when you want to highlight that a person is a male as well. For example - A man is strong. Человек силён. But Мужчина по природе своей - воин. A man is a fighter by nature. (here we specify that he is a male) So is you want to say something in general use человек. When you want to add than the person you are talking about is male then use мужчина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11640" LastActivityDate="2019-04-03T21:46:31.053" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18399" CreationDate="2019-04-03T23:26:58.597" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's just that Russian happens to be more gender-neutral than English, at least in the case of человек which can mean 'man', 'person' or 'human being' depending on context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Она - хороший человек / друг. = She is a good person / friend.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Этот человек - твоя мать!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Одному человеку стало плохо. = Someone felt sick. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Лифт вмещает 5 человек.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Этот человек спас тебе жизнь. = This man saved your life.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Use мужчина only when you want to emphasise their masculinity or when gender is important:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он вел себя как мужчина. = He behaved like a man.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В этой олимпиаде женщины завоевали больше медалей, чем мужчины. = In these Olympics women won more medals than men. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think Bolsheviks' idea of everyone's equality has contributed to this effect. Before the revolution of 1917 it was customary to use господин/госпожа (or молодой человек / барышня for younger people) in the context you mentioned:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Этот господин - врач. = This man is a doctor.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In those days человек was used to call (and refer to) servants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Btw, человек has an irregular plural: люди 'people':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Лучше, чем люди = &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Better_than_Humans&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Better than Humans&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-04-04T08:33:51.847" LastActivityDate="2019-04-04T08:33:51.847" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18403" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18404" CreationDate="2019-04-04T06:28:01.347" Score="8" ViewCount="1157" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's the only letter with two disconnected parts. How did this letter ы come about?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="208" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T09:27:50.413" Title="Why does ы have a soft sign in it?" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18404" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18403" CreationDate="2019-04-04T07:54:33.997" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;The letter ы is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typographic_ligature&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ligature&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;ъ&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dotted_I_(Cyrillic)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;і&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past, these were both vowels (something like /ɤ̞/ and /i/) and ы was considered as some mixture of those two vowels. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2019-06-19T09:27:50.413" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T09:27:50.413" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14555" CreationDate="2019-04-04T17:22:32.883" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nope, it's pronounced четверк or читверк.&#xA;Четвер(г)х is either суржик (Ukrainian-sounding dialect) or used by old Soviet nomenklatura-style people because it sounds more &quot;fundamental&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11692" LastActivityDate="2019-04-04T17:22:32.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18393" CreationDate="2019-04-06T08:12:12.497" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Надо различать &lt;strong&gt;однородные сказуемые (запятая не ставится) и сложное предложение (запятая ставится)&lt;/strong&gt;, если есть &lt;strong&gt;союз И&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Она рисует и слушает музыку.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Это простое предложение с однородными сказуемыми. &lt;em&gt;Она&lt;/em&gt; — подлежащее, &lt;em&gt;рисует и слушает&lt;/em&gt; — два однородных сказуемых (к одному подлежащему).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Она рисует, и ее друзья рисуют тоже.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Это сложное предложение, оно состоит из двух простых предложений. &lt;em&gt;Она&lt;/em&gt; — подлежащее,  &lt;em&gt;рисует&lt;/em&gt; — сказуемое. &lt;em&gt;Друзья&lt;/em&gt; — подлежащее, &lt;em&gt;рисуют&lt;/em&gt; — сказуемое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Она художник, и её друзья спят&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Это сложное предложение, оно состоит из двух простых предложений. &lt;em&gt;Она&lt;/em&gt; — подлежащее,  &lt;em&gt;художник&lt;/em&gt; — сказуемое. &lt;em&gt;Друзья&lt;/em&gt; — подлежащее, &lt;em&gt;спят&lt;/em&gt; — сказуемое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В предложении (3) сказуемое &lt;strong&gt;именное&lt;/strong&gt;, оно выражено не глаголом, а существительным. Глагольная связка &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; в настоящем времени пропускается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Примечание&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В приведенных  примерах простые предложения &lt;strong&gt;двусоставные&lt;/strong&gt; (подлежащее + сказуемое), но в сложное предложение могут входить &lt;strong&gt;односоставные&lt;/strong&gt; простые предложения, например:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Тишина&lt;/strong&gt;, и деревья в лесу словно застыли. &lt;strong&gt;Очень тихо&lt;/strong&gt;, и деревья в лесу словно застыли.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этих примерах первое простое предложение односоставное (только подлежащее или только сказуемое). Но запятая всё равно ставится.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastEditorUserId="11535" LastEditDate="2019-04-06T12:36:13.520" LastActivityDate="2019-04-06T12:36:13.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18408" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18409" CreationDate="2019-04-08T08:38:50.017" Score="1" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am currently learning how to use verbs of motion with the prefixes &lt;code&gt;у-&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;при-&lt;/code&gt; to express that someone &lt;em&gt;departs from&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;arrives at&lt;/em&gt; a certain location.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I struggle with the following sentence from a textbook:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Каждый раз я _____ (1) в новый город и скоро _____ (2) обратно, в Волгоград.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My attempt to fill the gaps is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Choice of verbs:&lt;/strong&gt; Given options are &lt;em&gt;walking&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;driving&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;flying&lt;/em&gt;. I figured that either &lt;code&gt;е́хать&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;е́здить&lt;/code&gt; would fit best to express &quot;travelling&quot; in a more general sense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;уе́хать&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;уе́здить&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;em&gt;to depart&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;прие́хать&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;прие́здить&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;em&gt;to arrive&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Choice of direction:&lt;/strong&gt; When it comes to the correct prefixes, I struggle for the first time. For (1) I'm pretty sure that the prefix should be &lt;code&gt;при-&lt;/code&gt;, since the person &lt;em&gt;arrives in a new town every time&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;In cloze (2), however, would one use &lt;code&gt;у-&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;при-&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/strong&gt; Does the person soon &lt;em&gt;leave&lt;/em&gt; to return to Volgograd (&lt;code&gt;у-&lt;/code&gt;) or does the person soon &lt;em&gt;come back&lt;/em&gt; to Volgograd (&lt;code&gt;при-&lt;/code&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Choice of aspect:&lt;/strong&gt; Another challenge is picking the right aspect, i.e. &lt;code&gt;е́хать&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;е́здить&lt;/code&gt;. I learned that when something happens &lt;em&gt;repeatedly&lt;/em&gt;, I'd rather use &lt;code&gt;е́здить&lt;/code&gt;. Though the person travels multiple times (&lt;code&gt;каждый раз&lt;/code&gt;), I feel &lt;code&gt;е́хать&lt;/code&gt; is more suitable here. Although traveling multiple times, each incident in itself is closed (i.e. perfected verb).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my educated guess would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Каждый раз я &lt;strong&gt;прие́хала&lt;/strong&gt; (1) в новый город и скоро &lt;strong&gt;уе́хала&lt;/strong&gt; (2) обратно, в Волгоград.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since I have nowhere to validate my guess, I hope someone on here - maybe a native speaker - can explain what the correct answer is in terms of prefixes and which aspect to use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5998" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T09:13:53.253" Title="Verbs of motion with prefix &quot;у-&quot; and &quot;при-&quot;" Tags="&lt;verb-aspects&gt;&lt;motion-verbs&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18408" CreationDate="2019-04-08T09:07:42.473" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Каждый раз я приезжаю/прилетаю__ (1) в новый город и скоро уезжаю/улетаю ___ (2) обратно, в Волгоград.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 Choice of verbs: you can travel by car, train or fly. Приезжать/прилетать, уезжать/улетать. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.You chose directions correctly, because there's a certain opposition: come and go&#xA;Ездить is ok without prefix,  with prefixes we use приезжать, уезжать.&#xA;If there's no opposition you can use приехать обратно /приезжать обратно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я всегда с радостью приезжаю обратно /возвращаюсь (return). Вчера она прилетела назад в Волгоград.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 Aspect. For repeated actions we use imperfective (каждый раз), present time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2019-04-08T09:13:53.253" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T09:13:53.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18410" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-08T09:32:46.883" Score="4" ViewCount="354" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across the phrase «куда мне звонить» and was unsure of the meaning. Does it mean &quot;who is phoning me&quot; or &quot;who am I phoning&quot;? If the latter shouldn't it be «куда я звоню»? What is the subject of the sentence? Why is the infinitive used? Why not «куда мне звонит» or «куда мне звонил»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-04-08T13:23:39.453" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T13:36:32.427" Title="What does &quot;куда мне звонить&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18411" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18410" CreationDate="2019-04-08T10:01:39.007" Score="5" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In case of a question (&lt;em&gt;Куда мне звонить?&lt;/em&gt;) the meaning is: &lt;strong&gt;Where can/should I call (for that)?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literally: &lt;strong&gt;Where&lt;/strong&gt; (what's the right place &lt;strong&gt;for me&lt;/strong&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;to call&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In case it's an intro to places and phone numbers (&lt;em&gt;Куда мне звонить. Городской телефон: ... Домашний: ...&lt;/em&gt;), the meaning is: &lt;strong&gt;Where to call&lt;/strong&gt; (for making a call &lt;strong&gt;to me&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T10:01:39.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18410" CreationDate="2019-04-08T10:26:21.567" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning is similar to 'Where am I to call' and it's expressed by the infinitive. A simpler phrase &quot;куда звонить?&quot; is also valid (cf, Where should one call?). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea is that the infinitive can express such questions as: &#xA;What is to be done? (=Что делать?)&#xA;Whom should I call? (=Кому мне звонить?)&#xA;When must we arrive? (=Когда нам приехать?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T10:26:21.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18413" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-08T11:34:20.130" Score="2" ViewCount="175" Body="&lt;p&gt;Should you say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я потеряю то, что любил&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я потеряю что, то любил&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я потеряю то, которое я любил&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should you say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я знаю что, о том не знает никто&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я знаю то, о чём не знает никто.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-04-08T13:23:56.527" LastActivityDate="2019-04-09T08:29:42.793" Title="Confusion between &quot;что&quot; and &quot;тот&quot; and &quot;который&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18413" CreationDate="2019-04-08T12:10:55.520" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The correct versions are ''я потеряю то, что любил'' and ''я знаю то, о чём не знает никто''. The other versions are grammatically wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the above correct versions, you can replace ''то'' by ''кое-что'', but the meaning will change:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;With ''тo'', the sentences sound like ''I will lose what I loved'' and ''I know the thing no one else knows.''&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;With ''кое-что,'' the same sentences sound like ''I will lose something I loved'' and ''I know something no one else knows.'' &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastEditorUserId="11395" LastEditDate="2019-04-08T12:42:34.000" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T12:42:34.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18413" CreationDate="2019-04-08T12:33:50.427" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;То&quot; can stand for a noun,then you use что as a conjunction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я потеряю то (работу, вещь etc.), что я любил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Тo&quot; can stand for a pronoun &quot;that&quot; instead of an adjective,  then you use it with который. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я потеряю свое дело, то, которое любил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second part.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я знаю то, о чем не знает никто.(I know what nobody knows)&#xA;  Я знаю, что о том не знает никто. (I know that nobody knows about that) Mind the comma!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T12:33:50.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18410" CreationDate="2019-04-08T12:34:34.367" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does it mean &quot;who is phoning me&quot; or &quot;who am I phoning&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither. It's &quot;Who do I phone?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning, most likely, what organisation or service the asker should call in the situation they're in. &lt;strong&gt;Куда&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;where&quot; implies an entity or &quot;place&quot; on the other end of the line, instead of a specific person or people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the latter shouldn't it be «куда я звоню»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, if that was the case, it would be that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the subject of the sentence? Why is the infinitive used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no subject. In Russian, you can use the infinitive to ask questions. In English, it's a very Russian mistake to ask &quot;What to do now?&quot; instead of &quot;What do I/we do now?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The infinitive+dative construction expresses a &quot;soft&quot; kind of necessity or obligation, on par with &quot;should&quot; or that interrogative present simple.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why not «куда мне звонит» or «куда мне звонил»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These don't even sound like complete sentences, and what sense they do make seems to be about someone else calling the speaker at some place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T12:34:34.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14555" CreationDate="2019-04-08T16:27:33.137" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It could be &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5#%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;old-moscow pronunciation&lt;/a&gt; - &quot;четверьх&quot;, &quot;булошная&quot; (булочная), &quot;яблошный&quot; (яблочный). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10464" LastActivityDate="2019-04-08T16:27:33.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18413" CreationDate="2019-04-09T08:18:59.340" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ТО, ТОТ&lt;/strong&gt; — это &lt;strong&gt;указательные местоимения в первой части&lt;/strong&gt; сложного предложения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ЧТО, О ЧЁМ,  КОТОРЫЙ&lt;/strong&gt; — это &lt;strong&gt;союзные слова (местоимения)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;во второй части&lt;/strong&gt; сложного предложения. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Союзные слова служат &lt;strong&gt;для связи&lt;/strong&gt; двух частей сложного предложения, а также являются &lt;strong&gt;членами&lt;/strong&gt; второго предложения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Образуются &lt;strong&gt;местоименные пары&lt;/strong&gt;: то — что, то — о чём, тот — который. Такая связь называется местоименной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Правильно:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я потеряю то, что любил. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я потеряю то дело, которое я любил&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я знаю то, о чём не знает никто.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сравнить&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Я знаю, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; об этом не знает никто.&lt;/em&gt; Здесь нет местоименной пары, а ЧТО — это союз (не местоимение).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ЧТО — &lt;strong&gt;союз&lt;/strong&gt; во второй части сложного предложения, служит только для связи двух частей сложного предложения. Такая связь называется &lt;strong&gt;союзной&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Союз ЧТО — служебное слово.&lt;/strong&gt; Вы сомневаетесь? Тогда я сейчас докажу это, я уберу союз из предложения. &lt;em&gt;Я знаю: об этом не знает никто&lt;/em&gt;. Получилось бессоюзное предложение. А вот союзное слово убрать не получится.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastEditorUserId="11535" LastEditDate="2019-04-09T08:29:42.793" LastActivityDate="2019-04-09T08:29:42.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18326" CreationDate="2019-04-10T15:08:36.440" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Из толкового словаря Ефремовой (2012):&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ПРИЗАДУМАТЬСЯ&lt;/strong&gt; — задуматься на некоторое время, впасть в некоторое раздумье. &lt;strong&gt;ПОЗАДУМАТЬСЯ&lt;/strong&gt; — (разговорное) призадуматься.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;С префиксами всё в порядке.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) &lt;strong&gt;Префикс ЗА — многозначный&lt;/strong&gt;. 1. Указывает &lt;strong&gt;на начало&lt;/strong&gt; действия (прыгать — запрыгать) 2. Указывает &lt;strong&gt;на  результат действия, состояния&lt;/strong&gt; (лезть — залезть). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Почему так?&lt;/strong&gt; Начало действия  и конец действия — это две &lt;strong&gt;крайние&lt;/strong&gt; точки (как бы их общее свойство).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэтому &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;задуматься&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; — это впасть в задумчивое состояние (&lt;strong&gt;достижение результата&lt;/strong&gt; действия).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;strong&gt;Префикс ПРИ — тоже многозначный.&lt;/strong&gt;  6. Указывает на &lt;strong&gt;ограниченное или неполное действие&lt;/strong&gt;:  приглушить (звук),  приутихнуть (о ветре). Общее значение ПРИ — это приближение, а неполное действие — это приближение к полному действию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэтому &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;призадуматься&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  — задуматься немного или на некоторое время. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) &lt;strong&gt;Префикс ПО — тоже многозначный&lt;/strong&gt;. 1. Обозначает действие в течение некоторого, часто &lt;strong&gt;непродолжительного времени&lt;/strong&gt;. Побегать, поговорить, поиграть. Общее значение — направленность. Действие  &lt;strong&gt;в направлении полного действия&lt;/strong&gt;, отсюда его ограниченность.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэтому &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;позадуматься&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  — задуматься немного или на некоторое время.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastActivityDate="2019-04-10T15:08:36.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18421" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18423" CreationDate="2019-04-10T22:41:23.890" Score="6" ViewCount="243" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed that imperfective can be used in questions where one might expect Perfective. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мы должны провести подобный эксперимент.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA; —We should carry out a similar experiment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;А когда его проводить?&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;—When are we to carry it out? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пожалуйста напечатай мне пару страниц.&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;—Please type a couple of pages for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Хорошо. Что печатать?&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;—All right. What is to be typed? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While watering a Garden—&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Что поливать сегодня?&lt;/strong&gt; —What should I water today?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11715" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T21:50:38.277" Title="Why is the imperfective used in Questions with—Что, Где, Когда, etc" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18421" CreationDate="2019-04-10T23:00:01.937" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's also like that in English, i.e. you don't normally say &quot;What should I have watered tomorrow&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Future perfect implies that there'll be a process of accomplishing that task before it's actually accomplished, so both is logically correct. (and imperfective is just easier to construct).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А когда его проводить? || А когда мы должны его провести?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хорошо. Что печатать? || Хорошо. Что напечатать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что поливать сегодня? || Что полить сегодня?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11692" LastActivityDate="2019-04-10T23:00:01.937" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18423" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18421" CreationDate="2019-04-11T05:16:18.953" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's natural to shift tenses or aspects in casual speech. Compare with English: - You will go to Canada to deal with this. - OK. When am I going? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that (at least in your examples) if a person asks for something the perfective is preferable&#xA;(sounds natural in orders or requests, please do it, сделай..., etc.), but the person answering is thinking about the process, how they are going to do it - so from their point of view the imperfective may often fit better (что делать? как делать? etc.). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides in your examples the second person doesn't really answer. They comment on the situation and are free to choose imperfective, as they continue the dialogue in a natural way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;NOTE: что, где, когда are irrelevant here. So your question might look better if you just ask WHY imperfective is used in the answer/comment, when perfective is used in the question/starting remark.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastEditorUserId="10247" LastEditDate="2019-04-11T05:22:46.567" LastActivityDate="2019-04-11T05:22:46.567" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18425" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-14T07:07:52.130" Score="3" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему в одних случаях &quot;-с-&quot; присутствует, а в других нет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Шипастый, лучистый?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Рогатый, деловитый?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теоретически:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Шипатый (как сохатый, родовитый), лучитый&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Рогастый (как зубастый), деловистый (как шелковистый)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastEditorUserId="9100" LastEditDate="2019-04-17T14:40:54.987" LastActivityDate="2019-04-17T14:40:54.987" Title="Суффиксы -и(с)т и -а(с)т" Tags="&lt;суффиксы&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18425" CreationDate="2019-04-14T08:27:30.433" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Потому что у этих суффиксов &lt;a href=&quot;http://wordsland.ru/magiclanguage/suff.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;разные значения&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ист-&lt;/em&gt; — прилагательные со значением:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;похожий на что-то (серебристый, бархатистый);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;обладающий чем-то в большом количестве (голосистый, ветвистый);&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;имеющий склонность к какому-нибудь действию (задиристый, отрывистый, порывистый)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Шипастый — много шипов (растут по всей площади), лучистый — много лучей (по аналогии).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ат-&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;-аст-&lt;/em&gt; — прилагательные, называющих части тела человека или животного, внешних качеств человека, аксессуаров его внешности (волосатый, косматый, губастый, очкастый, рогатый, скуластый)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Рогатый — обладающий рогами как частью тела. &lt;em&gt;Можно&lt;/em&gt; сказать «рогастый», &lt;a href=&quot;https://paronymonline.ru/%D0%A0/302&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;имея в виду&lt;/a&gt; «имеющий особенно большие рога», по аналогии с &lt;em&gt;-аст-&lt;/em&gt;. Однако значение «обладающий рогами &lt;em&gt;в большом количестве&lt;/em&gt;» настолько образное и разговорное, &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%2C%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9&amp;amp;case_insensitive=on&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2018&amp;amp;corpus=12&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;что даже в книгах не встречается&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ит-&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;-овит-&lt;/em&gt; — обладающий в бо́льшей степени чем-нибудь (именитый, ядовитый, сердитый)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Деловитый — не «дело в большом количестве», а «бо́льшая степень отношения к делу».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7547" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-04-14T08:58:15.110" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18428" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18429" CreationDate="2019-04-14T09:58:07.547" Score="3" ViewCount="602" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just searched for phonetic of &lt;strong&gt;понял&lt;/strong&gt; and found these:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;по́нял [пон’ил]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;поня́л [пан’ал]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Please let me know that both are correct? and have same meaning as &lt;strong&gt;Got it!&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastActivityDate="2019-04-14T11:47:02.003" Title="Two different pronunciation of &quot;понял&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18428" CreationDate="2019-04-14T10:14:46.877" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Поня́л&lt;/strong&gt; is a stress pattern pertaining to speech of grammarless native speakers, very low register.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes it can be used jokingly, with tongue in cheek, in informal conversations as a curt question &lt;strong&gt;Поня́л?&lt;/strong&gt; or as a curt answer &lt;strong&gt;Поня́л&lt;/strong&gt;, in which case it's a mockery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-04-14T11:00:18.127" LastActivityDate="2019-04-14T11:00:18.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18428" CreationDate="2019-04-14T11:47:02.003" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;по́нял [пон’ил] is the only correct form use for either questioning and confirmation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;поня́л [пан’ал] is an informal form commonly used to question (the closest would be &quot;do you get it?&quot;).&#xA;It's not so much of a mockery but pretty patronizing way which you wouldn't use with people you don't closely know as it has a condescending sounding to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11724" LastActivityDate="2019-04-14T11:47:02.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18431" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18432" CreationDate="2019-04-17T14:19:54.413" Score="4" ViewCount="365" Body="&lt;p&gt;I took it from a popular song:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для меня ты ангел божий / Без тебя такая &lt;strong&gt;муть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but it seems (from the reaction I got) that this particular word is considered to be slang / a swear word not to be uttered in polite company.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: thanks for the quick answer :) Sorry, I can't upvote, not enough rep.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user11735" LastEditorUserId="7864" LastEditorDisplayName="user11735" LastEditDate="2020-12-24T01:03:59.117" LastActivityDate="2020-12-24T01:03:59.117" Title="Can you use the word &quot;муть&quot; in a conversation, or is it a profane word?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18432" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18431" CreationDate="2019-04-17T16:06:52.447" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a word sometimes used colloquially to criticize something like a book or a film (&lt;em&gt;the days of life&lt;/em&gt; here), with scorn or disrespect. Examples: &lt;em&gt;этот фильм - полная муть, эта книга - муть какая-то&lt;/em&gt;. So yes, it is only for informal usage in a company of people who know each other well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-04-17T16:06:52.447" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18431" CreationDate="2019-04-17T22:38:55.710" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word does not have a negative connotation. The usage of some of its meanings is less popular nowadays (like the one in your example), while the most popular meaning (something that does not make sense) is also the most recent one (hence a wrong assumption that this word relates to a teenage slang). But nonetheless you can certainly utter this word in a polite company. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Муть&quot; has several meanings: (1) the most direct one would be describing an unclear precipitation in water, e.g. &quot;какая-то муть в воде плавает&quot;; (2) other meaning could be for something in a foggy state, e.g. in nature, more commonly used in a form of a stemmed adjective &quot;мутный&quot;, e.g. &quot;мутная река&quot;; (3) you can also describe a lack of clarity, e.g. &quot;мутная голова&quot;, (4) or sadness in your state of mind - this meaning would be the most applicable to your example &quot;Без тебя такая муть&quot;, and finally, (5) the most colloquial usage to describe something confusing, which does not make any sense, e.g. &quot;Эта задача такая муть&quot;. But even in the last meaning the word does not express scorn or disrespect, it is not rude by itself, indicates mostly confusion and lack of understanding. Rudeness can come from the way a person reacts to any such situation, within some context (to what most people refer here), but it doesn't have to do with the language itself and more with used facial expressions/gestures/whatever else is said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the first googled example in the literature's usage, indicating that this word is not only colloquial and surely not limited to slang, a snippet from Marina Tsvetaeva's poem:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Хочу у зеркала, где муть &#xA;И сон туманящий, &#xA;Я выпытать -- куда вам путь&#xA;И где пристанище.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11408" LastEditorUserId="11408" LastEditDate="2019-04-19T18:06:03.433" LastActivityDate="2019-04-19T18:06:03.433" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18434" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18431" CreationDate="2019-04-18T12:21:51.077" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word is informal and means &quot;haziness, muddiness, blurriness&quot; as about a semi-transparent liquid or glass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would consider it a teenage slang, the more standard word for the thing is мутность.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2019-04-18T12:21:51.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18431" CreationDate="2019-04-19T08:26:41.793" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word definition comes from &lt;code&gt;мутный&lt;/code&gt;, but in this case &lt;code&gt;мутный&lt;/code&gt; does not describe fluid state. In this context you may say &lt;code&gt;мутный парень&lt;/code&gt; that means &lt;code&gt;strange guy&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;code&gt;Без тебя такая муть&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;Without you my future is undefined and strange&lt;/code&gt;, also you may say &lt;code&gt;I've no future without you&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11744" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2019-04-19T09:02:30.177" LastActivityDate="2019-04-19T09:02:30.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18436" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-19T09:53:17.473" Score="4" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как наиболее доступным образом (по возможности, используя аналогичные английские обороты) объяснить изучающим русский язык смысл поговорки &#xA;«Что бы русские ни делали, всё автомат Калашникова получается» ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;P.S.: Ближайшая по посылу находка из мира животных — «Что можно ждать от свиньи кроме хрюканья» (What can you expect from a hog but a grunt). Однако, из-за негативных коннотаций этот вариант сложно назвать адекватным. Ну и вроде как автомат калашникова наша гордость, просто мы склонны делать вот таким образом.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11746" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-04-25T10:18:05.023" LastActivityDate="2019-04-25T10:18:05.023" Title="Cмысл поговорки «Что бы русские ни делали, всё автомат Калашникова получается»" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-04-19T10:16:40.920" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18437" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-19T12:30:03.627" Score="5" ViewCount="304" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are many words in Russian for 'because'. I am unclear whether they are equivalent or are they used in different situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-04-20T01:40:10.090" LastActivityDate="2019-04-20T17:05:11.767" Title="When do you use так как, потому что, из-за, благодаря, по, ради" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18438" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-19T13:01:39.003" Score="2" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dictionary says they both mean 'in order to'. Are they equivalent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2019-04-19T15:01:58.143" LastActivityDate="2019-04-19T15:45:22.867" Title="What is the difference between &quot;чтобы&quot; and &quot;для того&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18431" CreationDate="2019-04-19T13:35:22.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Despite the OP's vote for the best answer, and having in mind that this word is not as simple as some of the answers and comments imply, and in the spirit of stackexchange to provide CITED sources, I felt the need to suggest an answer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This word has several senses. See Большой толковый словарь РЯ под ред. Кузнецова (2000). &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6SFX0.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6SFX0.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that in the song the 4th sense is used (see the red circle in the pic), i.e. WHEN YOU ARE NOT WITH ME, MY MIND IS NOT CLEAR. This use is quite poetic. Not archaic, not rude. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of the comments here mention a ruder sense which is No. 5 - this is similar to English 'bullsh&lt;em&gt;t', or 'sh&lt;/em&gt;t'. But I don't think this song implies this meaning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So this word is NOT always rude. All senses must be considered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2019-04-19T13:35:22.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18437" CreationDate="2019-04-19T14:17:58.250" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;потому что&lt;/strong&gt;: the most generic &quot;because&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;так как&lt;/strong&gt;: &quot;since&quot;; more bookish and less forthright, meaning you can't use it to make an impactful &quot;why? well I'll tell you why&quot; statement, like you can with both &lt;code&gt;потому что&lt;/code&gt; and the English &lt;code&gt;because&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(not on your list) &lt;strong&gt;поскольку&lt;/strong&gt;: much the same as &lt;code&gt;так как&lt;/code&gt;, but you're marginally more likely to hear it in everyday life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;благодаря&lt;/strong&gt;: &quot;thanks to&quot;, &quot;by virtue of&quot;, Like these English expressions, it's a preposition rather than a conjunction, so it's followed by a noun or pronoun (in the dative) rather than a clause. It can connect to a clause as &lt;code&gt;благодаря тому, что&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;из-за&lt;/strong&gt;: a reverse &lt;code&gt;благодаря&lt;/code&gt; if you like. Grammatically, it works the same; however, it's a &quot;blaming&quot; word, implying an adverse consequence and/or the cause being a fault or flaw of some sort.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(not on your list) &lt;strong&gt;ввиду&lt;/strong&gt;: &quot;on account of&quot;. Either bookish or officialese, a preposition like the previous two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;: even more bookish/officialese than &lt;code&gt;ввиду&lt;/code&gt;, again with a touch of negativity and fault-finding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ради&lt;/strong&gt;: &quot;for the sake of&quot;. A rare case of a non-lexical term borrowed from Old Persian (&lt;em&gt;radiy&lt;/em&gt;, Modern Persian را &lt;em&gt;-rā&lt;/em&gt; with a different function), which is why occasionally, you might find it in its original postpositional form (&lt;code&gt;чего ради?&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Бога ради&lt;/code&gt;, etc.) but this sounds a bit obsolete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2019-04-19T14:17:58.250" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18438" CreationDate="2019-04-19T15:00:14.720" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is that you cannot use just &quot;для того&quot;, you always need &quot;чтобы&quot; after that. But &quot;чтобы&quot; can be use in its own. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Елена устроилась на работу (для того), чтобы заработать немного денег. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no difference whether you use &quot;для того&quot; or not. It can be omitted. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2019-04-19T15:00:14.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18438" CreationDate="2019-04-19T15:45:22.867" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those are &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; equivalent elements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; introduces the &lt;em&gt;purpose&lt;/em&gt; of some action (described earlier or later) and can be used either on its own&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; метко в муху бить, нужно кока-колу пить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надо бы закрыть окно - &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; комары не залетели.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or (with more emphasis or formality) as the second part of the compound conjunction &lt;strong&gt;(для того), чтобы&lt;/strong&gt;. Most often, &lt;strong&gt;для того&lt;/strong&gt; can be omitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(Для того) чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; получить Нобелевскую, нужно сделать нечто&#xA;выдающееся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That compound conjunction can also be used in split form:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Для того&lt;/strong&gt; я тебе это говорю, &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; ты хорошенько подумал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In less typical cases &lt;strong&gt;для того&lt;/strong&gt; can be used &lt;em&gt;without&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сейчас сварю тебе борщ - &lt;strong&gt;для того&lt;/strong&gt; я и пришла.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-04-19T15:45:22.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18444" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-19T20:22:43.577" Score="3" ViewCount="309" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я человек, так сказать, не близкий к филологии. Давно интересует вопрос: как правильно: &quot;Скучаю по вас&quot; или &quot;Скучаю по вам&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11749" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2019-04-20T17:25:33.560" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T13:33:27.060" Title="&quot;Скучаю по вас&quot; или &quot;Скучаю по вам&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;местоимения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18445" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18444" CreationDate="2019-04-19T21:14:05.847" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Традиционно правильно &lt;strong&gt;по вас&lt;/strong&gt;, но в современном языке есть тенденция к замене предложного дательным, и эта двойная норма отражена в словарях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Развёрнутые ответы даны в теме &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/436491/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8E-%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC-%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Скучаю: по вам, по вас или за вас?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лично я предпочитаю традиционный вариант, в том числе для существительных.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что же приводит к изменению управления? Это очень непростой вопрос и&#xA;  на него не всегда легко ответить, однако некоторые причины изменений&#xA;  установить всё-таки можно. Разберём в качестве примера глагол &lt;strong&gt;скучать&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;  В XIX веке этот глагол имел 4 значения (и соответственно 4 типа&#xA;  управления). Рассмотрим эти значения (значения и примеры приводятся по&#xA;  «Словарю языка Пушкина»):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;№ п/п&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Значение&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Управление&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Примеры&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; испытывать скуку&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; без&#xA;  дополнения&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Деревня, где скучал Евгений, Была &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;прелестный&#xA;  уголок.&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; тяготиться чем-н.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; творит.&#xA;  падеж&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Нет, он скучает бранной славой.&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; тосковать о ком-н.,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;чём-н.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;по&lt;/em&gt; + предл. п.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Она очень по тебе скучает.&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; надоедать,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;докучать&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&#xA;  дат. падеж&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Нескладно хоть играл, Но Музам&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;не скучал.&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В современном языке значения 2 и 4 устарели, а потому и управление&#xA;  скучать чем и скучать чему-кому не встречается.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот и &lt;strong&gt;причина 1:&lt;/strong&gt; изменение управления часто связано с изменением&#xA;  значения слова. Сохранились значения 1 и 3. Значение 1 используется&#xA;  без дополнения, поэтому о синтаксических изменениях говорить не&#xA;  приходится, а вот на значении 3 стоит остановиться. Значение-то&#xA;  осталось, но управление изменилось. И здесь мы сталкиваемся с другими&#xA;  причинами.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Причина 2:&lt;/strong&gt; синтаксическая аналогия, а именно, изменение управления&#xA;  могло произойти под влиянием управления близких по значению глаголов.&#xA;  Под влиянием так называемых глаголов горестного состояния (грустить,&#xA;  тосковать и под.) глагол скучать приобретает управление скучать о чём,&#xA;  которого у него не было раньше. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Причина 3:&lt;/strong&gt; изменение управления глагола могло быть вызвано и&#xA;  изменением управления предлога. Именно с этим связана замена&#xA;  управления скучать по чём-ком на скучать по кому-чему...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Предлог по употребляется с глаголами горестного состояния типа&#xA;  грустить, тосковать, скучать и соответствующими отглагольными&#xA;  существительными. В настоящее время в таких случаях используется&#xA;  дательный падеж: грустить по мужу, скучать по другу, тоска по родному&#xA;  дому. Однако в XIX веке картина была иная. С этими глаголами&#xA;  использовался предлог по и с дательным, и с предложным падежами, но&#xA;  дательный употреблялся лишь с существительными во множественном числе,&#xA;  а предложный — с существительными в единственном числе и с &#xA;  местоимениями: &lt;em&gt;Она &lt;strong&gt;вздыхала по другом&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (А. С. Пушкин); &lt;em&gt;Всё&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;грустит по муже&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (И. А. Гончаров); &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Что погреба? Признаюсь, и по них сердце болит&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (А. С. Пушкин); &lt;em&gt;И начинает понемногу Моя Татьяна&#xA;  понимать Теперь яснее — слава богу — Того, &lt;strong&gt;по ком&lt;/strong&gt; она &lt;strong&gt;вздыхать&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  Осуждена судьбою властной&lt;/em&gt; (А. С. Пушкин).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Постепенно дательный вытесняет предложный, уже в 80-е годы XIX века&#xA;  встречаются и употребления существительных в единственном числе в&#xA;  форме дательного падежа, с XX века дательный существительных вытесняет&#xA;  предложный. Примеры с существительными женского рода и личными&#xA;  местоимениями ед. числа 1-го и 2-го лица и женского рода 3-го лица не&#xA;  привожу, они весьма многочисленны, но не показательны, так как в этих&#xA;  случаях формы дательного и предложного падежа омонимичны. Предложный&#xA;  падеж местоимений удерживает свои позиции дольше, до начала ХХ века.&#xA;  Отдельные употребления встречаются вплоть до нашего времени: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;По&#xA;  ком&lt;/strong&gt; это ему &lt;strong&gt;скучать&lt;/strong&gt;? — не поднимая глаз, говорит Лина, но полные&#xA;  губы её невольно растягиваются в улыбку. — Может, &lt;strong&gt;по вас&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  (Валентина Осеева. 1959); &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тоскую по нём&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (Виктор Некрасов. 1981);&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Этим я хочу сказать, что &lt;strong&gt;скучаю по Вас&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (Борис Ефимов. 2000).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В настоящее время дательный падеж явно преобладает и в последних&#xA;  словарях указывается как единственно правильный вариант.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;источник: &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=qAX6jcySjYsC&amp;amp;pg=PA165&amp;amp;lpg=PA165&amp;amp;dq#v=onepage&amp;amp;q&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Е. Муравенко &lt;em&gt;&quot;Об изменениях в синтаксисе&#xA;современного русского языка&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, опубл. в &lt;em&gt;Лингвистика для всех: лет. лингвист. шк. 2005 и 2006, под ред. Е. Муравенко&lt;/em&gt;, стр. 165-7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С местоимениями употребляется предложный падеж, а с существительными&#xA;  возможно употребление и предложного и дательного: тосковать по&#xA;  товарищу и по товарище; скучаю по дому и по доме; в литературном языке&#xA;  предпочтительнее употребление дательного падежа&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;И. М Пулькина &quot;Краткий справочник по русской грамматике: пособие для преподавателей нерусских школ&quot; 1961 г.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-04-21T13:43:30.717" LastActivityDate="2019-04-21T13:43:30.717" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18437" CreationDate="2019-04-20T11:25:57.460" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's an excellent question, and although Nikolay already wrote a good answer, I want to add that in order to deeply understand the exact meanings of these words, you have to look at their literal composition and use your imagination, as I explain below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;''&lt;strong&gt;Потому&lt;/strong&gt;'' literally is ''по тому,'' which literally means ''on that'' (''по'' = on, ''тому'' = that). This word is thus used to introduce a logical foundation, i.e., you can literally understand ''потому'' as ''on the foundation that.'' To understand this word, imagine the foundation of a building. That's the analogy here. On that foundation, a logical construction is built. We use ''потому'' to introduce a cause, reasoning, or motivation leading to a decision or an action. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я пошла в магазин, &lt;strong&gt;потому&lt;/strong&gt; что у меня дома кончилась еда = I went&#xA;  to a shop because (or, literally, on the logical foundation that) no&#xA;  food had been left at my home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;''&lt;strong&gt;Так как&lt;/strong&gt;'' literally means ''so as'' (''так'' = so, ''как'' = as) and is fully or almost fully equivalent to the English ''as'' used to connect clauses in a complex sentence. Although we often use ''так как'' interchangeably with ''потому что,'' there is a difference in the flavour: ''Так как'' rather introduces a related observation, an analogy, or a logically connected thing in order to help the conversation partner understand why something happens:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У морского черта острые зубы, &lt;strong&gt;так как&lt;/strong&gt; это хищная рыба = The angler&#xA;  fish has sharp teeth, as it is a predatory fish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, being a predatory fish is not, strictly speaking, the cause of having sharp teeth; rather, these things are just related: the fish just evolved in this way, and it is because this fish eats other fish that we classify the angler fish as a predatory fish. This is why it is more natural to use ''так как'' instead of ''потому что'' here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;''&lt;strong&gt;Из-за&lt;/strong&gt;'' literally is ''из за'', which means ''from behind'' (''из'' = from, ''за'' = behind). To understand this expression, imagine the wake behind a ship. That's the analogy here. From behind a ship. That is, something happens as a result of something, usually as a side effect or local effect of something big or global happening. Here are some close English expressions: ''In the wake of,'' ''as a result of,'' ''caused by.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я была вынуждена закрыть свой бизнес &lt;strong&gt;из-за&lt;/strong&gt; обвала рубля = I had to&#xA;  close my business in the wake of Russia's rouble plunge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, the plunge of Russia's rouble is a global thing affecting the whole country, and my business is just something very small on the global scale. My business gets closed in the wake of a global phenomenon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also many other Russian words and expressions whose meaning is close or related to ''because,'' and you need to know the exact meaning to use them properly. You listed only a  small fraction of them. Here are some words and expressions that instantly come to my mind: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;ибо &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;чтобы &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;для того, чтобы &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;затем, чтобы &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;с того, что &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;оттого &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;почто (e.g., ''Почто боярыню обидел, смерд?'')&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;да (in conversations like: ''Почему ты это сделал?'' ''Да надоело&#xA;терпеть просто.'') &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;в связи с тем, что &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;с учетом того, что&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;на основании того, что&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;вследствие&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;в результате&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;поскольку&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exact meaning is usually easily seen from the literal composition, as I explained.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastEditorUserId="11395" LastEditDate="2019-04-20T17:05:11.767" LastActivityDate="2019-04-20T17:05:11.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18447" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16980" CreationDate="2019-04-20T12:09:36.590" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как я понимаю, падеж здесь зависит от грамматической роли существительного:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;лампа не существует&lt;/em&gt; — лампа является главным действующим лицом (вот лампа, и её не существует);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;лампы не существует&lt;/em&gt; — подлежащее опущено, а потому лампа является неким объектом, попавшим под влияние внешних обстоятельств, чьё состояние мы просто констатируем.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть первый вариант более прямолинейный и предметный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7547" LastActivityDate="2019-04-20T12:09:36.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18449" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-21T17:33:15.147" Score="3" ViewCount="513" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Japanese, there's a well-known saying that goes: おしゃれは足元から (oshare wa ashimoto kara) with the literal meaning of &quot;Every good outfit starts with the shoes&quot; -- or as we often put it in English, &quot;Shoes complete the outfit&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This saying drums home the importance of investing in good footwear, first and foremost: When putting together an outfit, be sure to start from the shoes up, as shoes generally make the loudest statement. You may wear a fancy suit, but if your shoes are not up to scratch or simply not polished, they can all too easily ruin your otherwise perfect look.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even a cursory glance at all these &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%E3%81%8A%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%82%8C%E3%81%AF%E8%B6%B3%E5%85%83%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;titles&lt;/a&gt; showing up on YouTube will tell you how commonly the saying is used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-04-21T19:01:08.237" LastActivityDate="2019-06-13T12:08:26.837" Title="Russian equivalents of おしゃれは足元から (Every good outfit starts with the shoes)" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18449" CreationDate="2019-04-21T20:07:32.560" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;To the best of my knowledge, we have no saying of the kind. Also, within the Russian culture, no special emphasis on shoes is made in the outfit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there exists a similar saying addressing the quality of a theater. It parallels the Japanese saying, in the sense that a smaller detail may serve as a prologue to a bigger picture: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Театр начинается с вешалки.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastEditorUserId="11511" LastEditDate="2019-04-21T20:15:53.753" LastActivityDate="2019-04-21T20:15:53.753" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15916" CreationDate="2019-04-22T05:59:04.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Formal linguistics is not always true, but rather completely wrong in many cases.&#xA;The first expression would be:&#xA;&quot;Complete (the) opening (process), please&quot;&#xA;The second expression would be:&#xA;&quot;Start opening, please(already)&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would depend on situation, when the process is assumed to be finished or to be just started. For 1 the first would be more polite, for 2 the second would be more polite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11752" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T05:59:04.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18452" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-22T06:51:45.723" Score="8" ViewCount="481" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading the etymology of the English &lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/a/78589/334589&quot;&gt;'liquidate'&lt;/a&gt;, when I read on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liquidate#Etymology&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The sense &quot;to kill, do away with&quot; is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_loan&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;w:Semantic loan&quot;&gt;semantic loan&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;w:Russian language&quot;&gt;Russian&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;ликвидировать&quot;&gt;ликвиди́ровать&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (likvidírovatʹ), ultimately from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;w:Latin&quot;&gt;Latin&lt;/a&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liquidus#Latin&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;liquidus&quot;&gt;liquidus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;This sense wasn't in the Latin etymon, and thus must have commenced in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thus how did meaning #2 (the original) develop to 1 and 3? What semantic notions underlie them?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that live humans can be killed by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11793116/French-students-tried-to-dissolve-body-of-murder-victim-in-acid.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;dissolving them in acid&lt;/a&gt;, but this method of killing appears too uncommon (I hope!), unethical and frightful to beget this semantic shift?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eliminate&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;eliminate&quot;&gt;eliminate&lt;/a&gt;, to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abolish&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;abolish&quot;&gt;abolish&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dissolve&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;dissolve&quot;&gt;dissolve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stamp_out&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;stamp out&quot;&gt;stamp out&lt;/a&gt;, to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/do&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;do&quot;&gt;do&lt;/a&gt; away with, to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/destroy&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;destroy&quot;&gt;destroy&lt;/a&gt;, to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kill&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;kill&quot;&gt;kill&lt;/a&gt; (off)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liquidate&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot; title=&quot;liquidate&quot;&gt;liquidate&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9822" LastEditorUserId="9822" LastEditDate="2019-04-22T08:02:58.233" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T09:47:02.840" Title="How did 'ликвиди́ровать' semantically shift to mean 'abolish' and 'destroy, kill'?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18453" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18452" CreationDate="2019-04-22T09:47:02.840" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;ликвидировать&lt;/em&gt; initially meant &quot;to convert to liquid assets&quot;, as of stock, capital etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As converting a business to cash would mean selling it, this word came to mean &quot;to get rid of&quot; and then, by extension, acquired the metaphorical meaning &quot;to kill&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T09:47:02.840" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18454" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-22T19:07:59.000" Score="1" ViewCount="104" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sorry if this is not exactly about Russian language, but I do not know where else to ask.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the origin of word &quot;это&quot; in Russian language? Is it some kind of a combination of &quot;je co&quot;/&quot;jest to&quot; in other slavic languages? I suspect it must be really long time ago it formed since it is such a basic word so maybe it is more a question about history of languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10890" LastEditorUserId="10890" LastEditDate="2019-04-22T19:29:05.833" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T19:42:58.790" Title="From where does &quot;это&quot; come?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18454" CreationDate="2019-04-22T19:42:58.790" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Э&lt;/code&gt; was originally a &lt;em&gt;deictic&lt;/em&gt; (meaning &lt;strong&gt;Hey, look!&lt;/strong&gt;) particle &lt;code&gt;есе / ѥсе&lt;/code&gt; in Old Church Slavonic that became attached to many pronouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Такой — этакий&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так — этак&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То — это&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Те — эти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was a common feature, present also in Ukrainian, Belorussian, and other languages, originating back to PIE.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ukrainian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ген (there)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ген-ген (there afar)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;генто (day before yesterday)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Latin&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[e]quidem (of course)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ancient Greek:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;κεῖ — ἐ-κεῖ (there)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;κεῖνος — ἐ-κεῖνος (that)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T19:42:58.790" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18431" CreationDate="2019-04-22T20:30:27.667" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meanings of the words in songs are frequently distorted or far from typical. It means that you would normally have to avoid using that word in the meaning stated in that song, either it is colloquial or profane situation.&#xA;You can use it in discussion of popular entertainment items (books, movies etc) in the meaning of &quot;it is totally messed up&quot; - &quot;это муть какая-то&quot;. In that way it is perfectly OK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11752" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T20:30:27.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6986" CreationDate="2019-04-22T21:04:32.533" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This are &lt;em&gt;rhetorical question&lt;/em&gt; and also it has &lt;em&gt;interrogative intonation&lt;/em&gt; here &lt;em&gt;&quot;И где тогда&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, so you must use at the end &quot;?&quot; or &quot;!&quot;. But in this case I would prefer &quot;!&quot;, to underline emotions and exclude the confusion in same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11756" LastEditorUserId="11756" LastEditDate="2019-04-23T01:23:55.440" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T01:23:55.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18421" CreationDate="2019-04-22T21:50:38.277" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can also use Perfective, there are hardly any expectations you are talking about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы должны провести подобный эксперимент. —We should carry out a&#xA;  similar experiment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А когда планируется его провести? —When it is planned (by us) to be&#xA;  carried out (and completed) ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пожалуйста напечатай мне пару страниц. —Please complete typing a&#xA;  couple of pages for me. (You got it wrong here, &quot;на&quot; means complete-,&#xA;  it would literally mean complete-type)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хорошо. Что напечатать? —All right. What is to be typed (and&#xA;  completed) ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;While watering a Garden—&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что полить сегодня? —What have I to water today?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then you translate correctly translated statement into their approximate English equivalents. Your mistake is that you are trying to perform a translation from approximate one in Russian to approximate one in English directly. You can either make it long to retain the original intention or give up and make it short, but approximate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11752" LastActivityDate="2019-04-22T21:50:38.277" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18410" CreationDate="2019-04-23T05:28:09.640" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The translation would be (Where to) (for me) (to call). The approximate translation in acceptable English would be &quot;Where to should I call ?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11752" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T05:28:09.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18449" CreationDate="2019-04-23T13:30:23.747" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to Michael's answer I'd argue &quot;Встречают по одёжке&quot; (in this shortened form) can also be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Full phrase &quot;Встречают по одёжке, а провожают по уму&quot; compares how the person looks and what the person is, but the short form underlines the importance of good outfit for the first impression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1274" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T13:30:23.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18462" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18449" CreationDate="2019-04-23T13:45:22.913" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary, there is a proverb about boots:&#xA;Сапоги славные, дела справные.(&quot;Good boots, thriving business.&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although it's not a well-known saying and it's more about boots as a symbol of success and wealth in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11758" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T13:45:22.913" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18410" CreationDate="2019-04-23T16:07:20.190" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For me it sounds like an &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipsis_(linguistics)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;elliptic sentence&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;куда мне звонить&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is actually a shortened form of &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;куда мне следует звонить в случае пожара/потопа/непредвиденных обстоятельств&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So a rule of thumb for you: when you see an &lt;strong&gt;infinitive&lt;/strong&gt; like here &lt;code&gt;звонить&lt;/code&gt; try to expand the sentence first. What is the omitted verb? Infinitives can't be used alone in grammatically full sentences. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In metro when you read &lt;code&gt;не прислоняться&lt;/code&gt; it actually says something along the lines &lt;code&gt;мы просим вас не прислоняться к двери, если вы не хотите случайно пострадать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A sentence like &lt;code&gt;куда я звоню&lt;/code&gt; does not need additional verbs because there is no infinitive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also there is no subject in the sentence &lt;code&gt;куда мне звонить&lt;/code&gt; because it is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impersonal_verb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;impersonal&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;безличное предложение&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can read on Wikipedia such Russian impersonal verb forms (in our case the verb &lt;code&gt;следует&lt;/code&gt; is omitted) are often translated into English using &lt;code&gt;it&lt;/code&gt;. So one of the possible translations would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Where&lt;/strong&gt; is it necessary for &lt;strong&gt;me&lt;/strong&gt; to &lt;strong&gt;call&lt;/strong&gt; in case of emergency?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastEditorUserId="1671" LastEditDate="2019-04-23T16:25:14.620" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T16:25:14.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18464" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18466" CreationDate="2019-04-23T17:19:54.243" Score="3" ViewCount="125" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does the expression  кому обещать эту жизнь без потерь mean?&#xA;Is the subject 'кому who' even though it is in the dative case? Who can promise this life without care? or is it To who can a promise of this life without care be made?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastEditorUserId="11755" LastEditDate="2019-04-23T18:15:30.647" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T23:46:13.290" Title="I have trouble understanding infinitives with datives" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18464" CreationDate="2019-04-23T17:25:43.007" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think a more correct translation would be “&lt;em&gt;Whom&lt;/em&gt; can I safely promise this life?”. “Кому” is an indirect object here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T17:25:43.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18464" CreationDate="2019-04-23T17:44:57.950" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Out of context this phrase can be parsed both ways indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian (as well as Latin and some other languages) has so called &amp;quot;dative of the agent&amp;quot;, which conveys a meaning of necessity, moral obligation or fate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тебе с ним жить // You'll be spending your life with him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне в магазин // I need to go to the store.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ей ли меня судить? // Is it up to her to be judging me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if we look at the lyrics of the song this phrase is from:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И куда отправлять эти письма теперь?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Если адрес не знаю, дорогу забыла.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;И кому обещать эту жизнь без потерь?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Если я потеряю все то, что любила.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, it becomes clear that within this context the phrase means &amp;quot;to whom shall I promise&amp;quot; and  &lt;em&gt;кому&lt;/em&gt; is an object here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T17:44:57.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18467" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="18469" CreationDate="2019-04-23T19:37:34.613" Score="6" ViewCount="1700" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a one word russian slang for a design philosophy that translates as &quot; working with a piece of paper on your knee&quot;. I remember it loosely as ' nakayanki '. Can someone enlighten?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11759" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-04-23T23:03:17.200" LastActivityDate="2019-04-26T20:35:33.427" Title="&quot;Working on a knee&quot;" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18467" CreationDate="2019-04-23T19:47:28.947" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;strong&gt;на коленке&lt;/strong&gt; - 'to make something crudely, without using any fancy tools', a botch job. &lt;strong&gt;Сделано на коленке&lt;/strong&gt; literally means 'made on the lap'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not specific to aviation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-04-25T09:50:21.120" LastActivityDate="2019-04-25T09:50:21.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18469" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18467" CreationDate="2019-04-23T19:56:21.587" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;Could that be '&lt;strong&gt;сделано на коленке&lt;/strong&gt;'='made on the knee'? This is said when some result was made paying less time to the process and having lower quality potential. Like if you could not (or felt lazy to) use table, but used your knee as the only fulcrum. The phrase can be used not only to underline low quality of some thing, but also in informal speech, when you mark that some good result was achieved in terrible development environment or that some job took surprisingly low time and effort. The phrase is quite expressive, so it is applicable nearly only to informal speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can guess, 'сделано/написано'='done/written' - both applicable, depends on context (doing or writing). But you definitely can't use 'придумано,изучено,прочитано...'='devised,explored,read...' - the action requires table that can be replaced by a knee in extreme conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's make some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;- Ужасные инструменты, всё сделано на коленке!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  - These tools are terrible, everything has been done on the knee!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;- Наша компания вышла в лидеры не потому, что какой-нибудь олигарх предоставил нам лучшее оборудование - свои первые устройства мы создавали в гараже на коленке&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  - Our company became a leader not because some oligarch supplied us with the best equipment - our first devices we created in the garage on the knee&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;- Ты сделал домашнее задание? Дашь списать?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  - Сделал, но лучше поищи другое - я был занят вчера и своё домашнее задание сделал только что на коленке&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;- Have you done your homework? Can I copy it?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  - I have, but better find someone else’s - I was busy yesterday and I’ve just done my homework on the knee&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;- В момент основания института финансирование было очень мало, поэтому первые лабораторные установки были собраны на коленке самими студентами&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  - When the institute was founded, the financing was very low, so students made the first laboratory equipment themselves on the knee&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;- Они заклеивают крыло скотчем! Неужели весь самолёт был сделан на коленке?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  - They are sticking the adhesive tape on a wing! The whole airplane was made on the knee, indeed!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;- Я не знаю, почему мой робот победил в конкурсе, ведь я сделал его только вчера на коленке&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  - I don't know, why my robot has won in the competition, because I made it just yesterday on the knee&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11107" LastEditorUserId="11107" LastEditDate="2019-04-26T20:35:33.427" LastActivityDate="2019-04-26T20:35:33.427" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="18470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18464" CreationDate="2019-04-23T23:46:13.290" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think there is room for an ambiguous translation of your sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;кому обещать эту жизнь без потерь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the most literal translation would be: &quot;To whom this life without losses (or loosing) can be promised?&quot; You suggested phrase &lt;strong&gt;without care&lt;/strong&gt; does not reflect the meaning in this sentence. Having a worriless life and life without loses are too different things.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sentence does not have a subject, the indirect object is &lt;strong&gt;Кому&lt;/strong&gt; and direct object is &lt;strong&gt;жизнь&lt;/strong&gt;, in Russian the sentence would be classified as indefinite-personal sentence (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiki source in Russian&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11408" LastActivityDate="2019-04-23T23:46:13.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19470" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19472" CreationDate="2019-04-25T03:23:33.870" Score="2" ViewCount="205" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had been thinking “в Южную Корею” is the right way before I heard “в Южная Корею” in a movie and after searching I found both ways abound in examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: It was a Japanese movie, 君よ憤怒の河を渉れ, dubbed by Мосфильм under the title Опасная погоня. The line can be found at &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/P1g_uS7abmk?t=8723&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/P1g_uS7abmk?t=8723&lt;/a&gt;. In fact I had trouble understanding the whole line, which to my ears sounded like “Тоже на (?) лететь в ... спешу ...”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10790" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-04-29T09:59:26.077" LastActivityDate="2019-04-29T12:05:35.190" Title="Which one is grammatically correct, “в Южную Корею” or “в Южная Корею”?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19470" CreationDate="2019-04-25T04:32:51.553" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Only the first form would be the correct one, you have to conjugate both words in this situation, since this geographical name is not treated as a word borrowed from another language (i.e. a foreign word). &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/73-rubric-90&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Based on this source&lt;/a&gt;, there could be a discussion if you would say в страну Южная Корея or в страну Южную Корею, however the second option you would find more often used in everyday life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pls. refer here for a brief explanation of conjugation of geographical names in Russian language&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11408" LastActivityDate="2019-04-25T04:32:51.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19472" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19470" CreationDate="2019-04-25T06:55:05.530" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;With the preposition &lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt; there're only &lt;strong&gt;two&lt;/strong&gt; options, either &lt;em&gt;Prepositional&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Accusative&lt;/em&gt; case.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Prepositional case&lt;/em&gt; when &lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt; forms adverbial of location, which answers the question &lt;strong&gt;где?&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;where (at)?&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;в ЮжнОЙ КореЕ&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в ПекинЕ&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в КитаЕ&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в городЕ&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в селЕ&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Accusative case&lt;/em&gt; when &lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt; forms adverbial of destination (with verbs of motion or intent) which answers the question &lt;strong&gt;куда?&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;to where? / whither?&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;в ЮжнУЮ КореЮ&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в Пекин&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в Китай&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в город&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;в село&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anything else is either a mistake or a slip of the tongue. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After listening in to the dubbing i concede that it was pronounced almost like &lt;strong&gt;Южная&lt;/strong&gt;, which may be attributed to a slip of the tongue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The whole line goes &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Н.... я должен лететь в Южную Корею&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;H...&lt;/strong&gt; here stands for interjection of hesitation, akin to the English &lt;strong&gt;um&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-04-29T12:05:35.190" LastActivityDate="2019-04-29T12:05:35.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19473" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19474" CreationDate="2019-04-25T07:13:32.707" Score="3" ViewCount="342" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology#Unstressed_vowels&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;/e/ has merged with /i/ (or /i/ and /ɨ/ if /ɨ/ is considered a phoneme): for instance, лиса́ (lisá) 'fox' and леса́ 'forests' are both pronounced /lʲiˈsa/, phonetically About this sound[lʲɪˈsa].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I expected прише́дшие to sound like [priʃjedʃi&lt;strong&gt;i&lt;/strong&gt;], not [priʃjedʃi&lt;strong&gt;je&lt;/strong&gt;]. In other words, &lt;strong&gt;the sound of the unstressed e here&lt;/strong&gt; should boil from [je] to [i] as per the rule above. Yet, many singers (in fact, this is from the song called Журавли) actually don't pronounce that way; I hear [e] at the end of the word. Can you explain why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11763" LastEditorUserId="11763" LastEditDate="2019-04-25T09:49:44.327" LastActivityDate="2019-04-26T19:49:21.610" Title="How to pronounce the unstressed е in прише́дшие?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;&lt;vowel-reduction&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19473" CreationDate="2019-04-25T08:05:31.720" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your expectation is justified, in speech &lt;strong&gt;прише́дшие&lt;/strong&gt; is indeed pronounced like [pri&lt;strong&gt;ʃ&lt;/strong&gt;jedʃi&lt;strong&gt;i&lt;/strong&gt;], the final [е] gets reduced, &lt;strong&gt;пришеччыи&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The transcription [priʃjedʃije] is also wrong about pronunсiation of &lt;strong&gt;[д]&lt;/strong&gt; which here merges with &lt;strong&gt;[ш]&lt;/strong&gt; to form geminated hard &lt;strong&gt;[чч]&lt;/strong&gt; or is assimilated to form a combination &lt;strong&gt;[чш]&lt;/strong&gt; and thus is essentially not pronounced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Произношение окончания именительного падежа множественного  числа&lt;/code&gt; &#xA;  прилагательных  и  &lt;code&gt;причастий&lt;/code&gt;.  В  этой  форме  орфографические &#xA;  окончания прилагательных и &lt;code&gt;причастий&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;-ые&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;-ие&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;по старомосковской норме&lt;/code&gt;  произносятся  как &lt;strong&gt;[ыи]&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;[ии]&lt;/strong&gt;:  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;кра′сн[ыи] (красные)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;,  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;но′в[ыи] (новые)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;си′н[ии] (синие)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;раскры′т[ыи] (раскрытые)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;чита′ющ[ии] (читающие)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;code&gt;Вариантной  нормой&lt;/code&gt; современного русского  литературного  языка  является произношение  орфографических сочетаний &lt;strong&gt;-ые&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;-ие&lt;/strong&gt;  как &lt;strong&gt;[ииь]&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;[ыиь]&lt;/strong&gt;:&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;кра′сн[ыиь] (красные)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;но′в[ыиь] (новые)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;си′н[ииь] (синие)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;раскры′т[ыиь] (раскрытые)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;чита′ющ[ииь] (читающие)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мусатов В.Н. — «Русский язык. Фонетика. Фонология. Орфоэпия. Графика. Орфография»&lt;/em&gt;, p. 175&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В сочетаниях &lt;strong&gt;тш&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;дш&lt;/strong&gt; на месте букв &lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt; в беглой речи&#xA;  произносится звук &lt;strong&gt;[т]&lt;/strong&gt; с некоторым фрикативным шипящим элементом, т. е. по существу &lt;strong&gt;твердая аффриката [ч]&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;приве′[чш]ый (приведший)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;,&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;обве[чш]а′лый (обветшалый)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;мла′[чш]ий (младший)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;по[чш]у′бой (под шубой)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://archive.is/nPG08&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Аванесов - «Русское литературное произношение»&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, p. 188&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/MF9Ji4bHVdc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Examples of &lt;code&gt;пришедшие&lt;/code&gt; pronunciation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=murco&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;ext=10&amp;amp;nolinks=1&amp;amp;accent=1&amp;amp;ell=1&amp;amp;expand=full&amp;amp;req=%AB%EF%F0%E8%F8%E5%27%E4%F8%E8%E5%BB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian National Corpus' multimedia database&lt;/a&gt; where difference between speech and singing is apparent in particular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-04-26T14:47:46.457" LastActivityDate="2019-04-26T14:47:46.457" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19476" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13399" CreationDate="2019-04-25T10:29:35.240" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[Я]зык стремится к развитию, эволюции, и, активно вбирая в себя новое,&#xA;  со временем показывает тенденции к устойчивости или неустойчивости&#xA;  определенных явлений и единиц. Нельзя сказать, что язык только&#xA;  упрощается или только усложняется — оба процесса происходят&#xA;  одновременно на разных уровнях системы. Где-то происходит обобщение,&#xA;  где-то, напротив, проявляется дробность.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Упрощение [...] проявляется на примере глаголов &lt;strong&gt;одолжить&lt;/strong&gt; и&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;занять&lt;/strong&gt;. Словари сообщают нам, что &lt;strong&gt;одолжить&lt;/strong&gt; — это &lt;strong&gt;дать взаймы&lt;/strong&gt;, а &lt;strong&gt;занять&lt;/strong&gt; — &lt;strong&gt;взять взаймы&lt;/strong&gt;. Однако в речевой практике&#xA;  слово занять успешно справляется «за себя и за того парня».  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;- Я могу занять у тебя денег?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;— Да, я могу занять тебе немного.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Да, бывает и так, когда слово «тянет на себя одеяло», присваивая себе&#xA;  несколько лексических значений. Пример той же тенденции — слово &lt;em&gt;одеть&lt;/em&gt;,&#xA;  которое в речевой практике работает за троих: &lt;em&gt;одеть, надеть и обуть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы все еще считаем ошибкой употребление слова &lt;strong&gt;занять&lt;/strong&gt; в значении&#xA;  ‘&lt;strong&gt;дать взаймы&lt;/strong&gt;’ [...], но язык явно пытается нам что-то сказать,&#xA;  продолжая настаивать на своем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://archive.is/fbD7p&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Есения Павлоцки, лингвист-морфолог, эксперт института филологии, массовой информации и психологии Новосибирского государственного педагогического университета.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-04-25T10:29:35.240" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19473" CreationDate="2019-04-25T13:56:02.063" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You don't have to mind the original formal rules of pronunciation. Different regions or groups may have pronunciation specific to them. But they are still accepted, meaning that there is some range of pronunciations which are widely accepted regardless of the officially accepted one. That's right, if you pronounce it as &quot;e&quot;, the word would be perfectly recognized as &quot;correct&quot; (also, you may intentionally pronounce it non-oficcially so that it would not sound similar to an almost same sounding word), albeit with the sense of &quot;dialect&quot; or something similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11752" LastActivityDate="2019-04-25T13:56:02.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19479" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-25T23:38:33.320" Score="2" ViewCount="158" Body="&lt;p&gt;I searched it on yandex images but there doesn't seem to be a really exact definition? Isn't it a noun?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11771" LastActivityDate="2019-04-26T02:52:10.117" Title="What does раз mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2019-04-26T09:59:55.023" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19480" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18467" CreationDate="2019-04-26T01:05:54.897" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would offer an amendment to the interpretation suggested here by @makaleks and @Sergey Slepov.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it indeed is correct that &quot;делать на коленке&quot; implies a job done in a rush and with limited resources, this saying does not always mean poor quality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More often than not, it does: &quot;Учебник написан кое-как. Чувствуется, что автор составлял его на коленке, используя наброски своих лекций.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, on some occasions &quot;делать на коленке&quot; is deliberately employed to emphasise the scarcity of resources and lack of time, with high quality nonetheless achieved. I recall a sentence about the birth of the Israeli military industry, which I read somewhere and which I am quoting from memory: &quot;У израильских конструкторов не было ни наработок, ни времени, ни передового оборудования, и первые образцы автомата &quot;Узи&quot; были ими созданы буквально на коленке.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastEditorUserId="11511" LastEditDate="2019-04-26T01:20:19.500" LastActivityDate="2019-04-26T01:20:19.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19479" CreationDate="2019-04-26T01:18:20.437" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;@Arhad said it right. To his answer, I would only add that on some occasions &quot;раз&quot; is used in the meaning &quot;once&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Раз явился я на работу раньше положенного.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In combination with &quot;однажды&quot;, it can mean &quot;once upon a time&quot;, though this is a rare situation (and very conversational). This is an example from Vyssotsky's song:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Раз однажды гулял по столице я.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, in gymnastics or in the army, your coach or sergeant can command &quot;Раз-два!&quot; оr &quot;Раз-два-три!&quot; to give you rhythm. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-04-26T01:18:20.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19479" CreationDate="2019-04-26T02:37:21.267" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add to all the previous explanations, Раз is one of these multifaceted words in Russian, that as a part of speech, раз can be not only a noun - it depends on its use and meaning, and in time and with practice you will get used to the complexity of using it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a &lt;strong&gt;noun&lt;/strong&gt;, раз can indicate an instance of previous events, situations, actions, as @Arhad gave examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) &quot;once again he did it&quot; = в который раз он это сделал;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or an occurrence,  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) &quot;once and for all&quot; = раз и навсегда*; What time do I hee him (again)? = Который раз я его вижу?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or indicate how much something has increased/decreased:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; Цены на хлеб выросли в пять раз. - Bread prices have increased five times.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as a &lt;strong&gt;pronoun&lt;/strong&gt;, it means &quot;one&quot;, like in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/19481/11408&quot;&gt;above example&lt;/a&gt;: &quot;Раз-два!&quot; оr &quot;Раз-два-три!&quot; or in a famous children's song:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Раз словечко, два словечко - будет песенка. - One - word, two - word, here goes a song.  &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as an &lt;strong&gt;adverb&lt;/strong&gt;, раз means once, one day, once upon a time: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Раз в крещенский вечерок девушки гадали. (с) Vasily Zhukovsky - Once on Epiphany Eve, girls were fortune-telling. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can also act as a &lt;strong&gt;verb&lt;/strong&gt;, indicating unexpected quick action:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ньютон сидел под деревом и раз - ему на голову упало яблоко. Newton was sitting under a tree and poof - an apple fell down onto his head.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Раз can also serve as a &lt;strong&gt;conjunction&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Раз ты не хочешь делиться яблоком, то я не поделюсь с тобой шоколадкой. Since you don't want to share your apple with me, I won't share my chocolate with you.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11408" LastEditorUserId="11408" LastEditDate="2019-04-26T02:52:10.117" LastActivityDate="2019-04-26T02:52:10.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19473" CreationDate="2019-04-26T14:06:24.080" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Good question. Being a native speaker, I just pronounced this word a few times to see how I actually pronounce it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My pronunciation is as follows: пришéдши-и. The part after ''ш'' is as follows: I start pronouncing the ''и'' sound, then it gets quieter, and then loud again, but does not break in the middle. It is like two waves, so to speak. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pronounce the following word considering it English: pre-shed-shee-ee. This is practically identical to how I pronounce ''пришедшие.'' The syllable ''shee'' is like in ''sheep.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I speak fast (i.e., as usual in everyday communications) and use ''пришедшие'' in a sentence, then all vowels practically get swallowed (i.e., are almost not pronounced at all). For example, I pronounce the expression ''пришедшие солдаты'' like ''прьшедшислдаты,'' very fast and barely distinct enough for a native speaker to recognise what I am saying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that there are various dialects in Russia, and mine is the Moscow one, notorious for fast indistinct pronunciation and preference of ''a'' over ''о.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other dialects the word ''пришедшие'' may sound differently. To give you an idea how different Russian dialects are, I point to the Novgorod dialect (''новгородский выговор''), in which the city name ''Новгород'' is pronounced exactly as written, with three distinct ''о,'' whereas I pronounce the same word rather as ''Навгрд.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastEditorUserId="11395" LastEditDate="2019-04-26T19:49:21.610" LastActivityDate="2019-04-26T19:49:21.610" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19484" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-04-26T22:47:36.923" Score="0" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literally, the very first thing in Russian that I learned was the phrase &quot;я не очень хорошо говорю по русски&quot; so I know that по русски is pronounced pa ruski, but I was adding a pronunciation for the word по on Anki and it's actually po and not pa? Am I saying something wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11771" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-04-27T07:11:45.063" LastActivityDate="2019-04-27T07:11:45.063" Title="Why is по pronounced &quot;po&quot; but по русски is pronounced pa-ruski? Or am I saying one of them wrong?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;vowel-reduction&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2019-04-27T11:11:35.957" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19485" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19488" CreationDate="2019-04-27T02:31:37.730" Score="6" ViewCount="317" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've got these two questions in my homework at my university in Japan, where I learn Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мне ни к чему с ним окончательно (...). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Как можно со всем коллективом из-за такого пустяка (...)?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) рассориться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) перессориться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) рассориваться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(d) перессориваться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm at a loss as to what to choose and why. Could you explain?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Encouraged by respected members of the forum, I am humbly sharing my own naive thoughts. I beg your pardon if I say anything wrong about your wonderful language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The questions seem to have two separate dimensions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пере&lt;/strong&gt;- vs &lt;strong&gt;рас&lt;/strong&gt;- &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;perfective aspect vs imperfective aspect&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To start with the first dimension, I checked the meanings in Wiktionary (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;рассориться&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;перессориться&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;рассориться: сильно поссориться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;перессориться: поссориться со всеми или между собой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These definitions as they stand seem to suggest that &lt;strong&gt;рассориться&lt;/strong&gt; reflects the depth of the conflict in terms of emotional strength or importance, whilst &lt;strong&gt;перессориться&lt;/strong&gt; points out the width of the conflict in terms of the number of people (or maybe issues) involved. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If my humble impression is true, then the answer to Question 1 is either (a) or (c), whilst the answer to Question 2 is either (b) or (d), because Question 1 seems to be about the depth of the conflict as can be seen from &lt;strong&gt;окончательно&lt;/strong&gt;, whilst Question 2 is about the width of the conflict as can be seen from &lt;strong&gt;со всем коллективом&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the problem is that I fail to see the same pattern with other verbs having &lt;strong&gt;рас&lt;/strong&gt;- or &lt;strong&gt;пере&lt;/strong&gt;-:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;раздать что-то: to give something out (to a group of people)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;передать что-то:  to pass something (to somebody)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the pattern is precisely the opposite: now &lt;strong&gt;раз&lt;/strong&gt;- means dealing with a group people, not &lt;strong&gt;пере&lt;/strong&gt;-.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at other verb pairs, such as &lt;strong&gt;разрубить-перерубить&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;разубедить-переубедить&lt;/strong&gt;, I got even more confused as I failed to deduce any common denominator.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am thus unsure whether the definitions given in Wiktionary are complete and accurate, and I seem to be too shallow to see the deep underlying logic behind these prefixes...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Concerning the second dimension (perfective vs imperfective), I checked in Google that &lt;strong&gt;ни к чему делать&lt;/strong&gt; is more than 10 times more common than &lt;strong&gt;ни к чему сделать&lt;/strong&gt;. Using this analogy I am tempted to choose answer (c) to Question 1. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet I am at a loss as to what the underlying logic is. Exactly what is wrong, unnatural, or illogical in using &lt;strong&gt;ни к чему&lt;/strong&gt; in conjunction with the perfective aspect of a verb? The perfective aspect means the outcome of a completed action. What is unnatural in saying that it is not useful to have a certain outcome (&lt;strong&gt;ни к чему сделать&lt;/strong&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Question 2 the phrase seems to be rhetoric, but is it supposed to be about the outcome or process? Again, I used Google and found a few results with &lt;strong&gt;как можно перессориться&lt;/strong&gt; and none with &lt;strong&gt;как можно перессориваться&lt;/strong&gt;. This is a hint that answer (b) is correct, but exactly why is it correct?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Summarizing all of the above, I guess that the correct or most naturally sounding variants are 1c and 2b, but I am very unsure and do not fully understand the underlying logic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please accept my apologies if I overwhelmed you with my naive and chaotic thoughts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-04-28T17:23:50.710" LastActivityDate="2019-04-28T17:23:50.710" Title="Difference between рассориться, перессориться, рассориваться, and перессорриваться" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19485" CreationDate="2019-04-27T04:43:13.000" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are situations where all of the options above would be correct, depending on your intentions. So here are the definitions of the terms you provided so that you would understand where to pick the particular choice:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;рассориться - the assumption is there is or is going to be an ongoing conflict of a quarrel type and that you are going to cease the communication with one or more person afterwards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;перессориться - there is no assumption of being in a conflict, and the implied intention is to enter the conflict with mostly one person. You can use it in a slightly derogatory meaning towards the team or many people, implying that you take them as just a single herd.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The next 2 terms are approximately the same, with the difference that you would be hypothetically considering a possibility of conflict, or, more importantly, some actions which would &lt;strong&gt;START&lt;/strong&gt; the conflict.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11752" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-04-27T11:03:56.700" LastActivityDate="2019-04-27T11:03:56.700" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19488" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19485" CreationDate="2019-04-27T19:45:34.800" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If my humble impression is true, then the answer to Question 1 is&#xA;  either (a) or (c), whilst the answer to Question 2 is either (b) or&#xA;  (d), because Question 1 seems to be about the depth of the conflict as&#xA;  can be seen from &lt;strong&gt;окончательно&lt;/strong&gt;, whilst Question 2 is about the width of&#xA;  the conflict as can be seen from &lt;strong&gt;со всем коллективом&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This part is correct&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;However, the problem is that I fail to see the same pattern with other&#xA;  verbs having &lt;strong&gt;рас-&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;пере-&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would warn from relying on the semantics of similarly prefixed verbs in figuring out the semantics of any given verb. This is a very complex system (if system at all) with little consistency. &lt;em&gt;I'd advise to treat each verb or a perf/imprerf pair as a verb in its own right&lt;/em&gt;. Once your personal vocabulary is rich enough you may start noticing certain logic behind choice of prefixes, but this point may be far along the way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Summarizing all of the above, I guess that the correct or most&#xA;  naturally sounding variants are 1c and 2b, but I am very unsure and do&#xA;  not fully understand the underlying logic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Thus&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    1. Мне ни к чему с ним окончательно (рассориваться).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    2. Как можно со всем коллективом из-за такого пустяка (перессориться)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a correct answer.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.&lt;/strong&gt; The phrase &lt;strong&gt;ни к чему&lt;/strong&gt; indeed normally requires &lt;em&gt;imperfective aspect&lt;/em&gt;. In itself it's a modal construction because as evident from the sentence it nessecitates verb in infinitive form.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The reason i think is that &lt;em&gt;imperfective aspect&lt;/em&gt; is normally preferred in negated modality of general and deontic (that which denotes obligation and duty) types (but not epystemic, one which denotes likelihood).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Есть, однако контекст, где замена СВ на НСВ при отрицании обязательна. Это контекст отрицаемой модальности&lt;/b&gt;, см. Рассудова 1982: 120-127.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Отрицание в контексте модальности необходимости, общей и&#xA;  деонтической, требует инфинитива глагола в несов. виде: &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Надо&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;открыть &lt;/em&gt;окно – Не надо &lt;em&gt;открывать&lt;/em&gt; окно (&lt;em&gt;не надо&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;открыть&lt;/em&gt;); &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Ты должен (т.е. обязан) ей &lt;em&gt;помочь&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  – Ты не должен (т.е. не обязан) ей &lt;em&gt;помогать&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  (&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;помочь&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Какими бы средствами ни выражалось значение&#xA;  ненужности действия, инфинитив должен быть в несов. виде&lt;/b&gt; (см.&#xA;  Рассудова 1982: 122): &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Да надо ли вам &lt;i&gt;обращаться&lt;/i&gt; к&#xA;  этому человеку? &lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мне не рекомендовали &lt;i&gt;сажать&lt;/i&gt; эти деревья,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  К чему &lt;i&gt;возражать&lt;/i&gt;? &lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Не за что его &lt;i&gt;благодарить&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Он не велел &lt;i&gt;подчеркивать&lt;/i&gt;, и др.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;source: &lt;strong&gt;rusgram.ru&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5#6_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;6.2.3. Несов.вид инфинитива в контексте отрицательной модальности&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;further reading on semantic difference between deontic and epystemic modalities&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://archive.is/KmDOq#selection-191.0-191.26&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мельникова Л.С, К ВОПРОСУ О МОДАЛЬНОСТИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ИТАЛЬЯНСКОГО ЯЗЫКА)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2.&lt;/strong&gt; Here I believe &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt; fits because the sentence deals with a fait accompli, something which has been done, which would be its first possible reading. In fact i believe that its complete version must include the verb &lt;strong&gt;было&lt;/strong&gt; which makes its past tense apparent -&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как можно (было) со всем коллективом из-за такого пустяка перессориться?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However i can envision use of &lt;em&gt;imperfective&lt;/em&gt; as well if it's understood to rhetorically express objection to a certain course of action thereby denoting its undesirability, i.e. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как можно из-за такого пустяка со всем коллективом перессориваться?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. This variant is less likely but still plausible. Likewise in a sentence such as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Зачем (было) из-за такого пустяка со всем коллективом перессориваться?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which also expresses objection to a course of action taken in the present or in the past (было).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So all these sentences seem to denote &lt;em&gt;negated deontic modality&lt;/em&gt; as well, which, as shown above, necessitates &lt;em&gt;imperfective aspect&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-04-28T11:55:01.367" LastActivityDate="2019-04-28T11:55:01.367" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19489" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19490" CreationDate="2019-04-28T16:58:58.383" Score="7" ViewCount="494" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am very happy to have found such an interesting forum and to have received an excellent detailed answer from a native speaker to my first question, and I am very tempted to ask about something else I have not yet fully understood in the Russian language. I am very curious what the native speakers have to say. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At my university in Japan I have got an exercise on sequence of tenses, and the exercise is to translate the following to Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I sliced sashimi from a convulsing squid - actually the one I had&#xA;  wanted to eat myself - and served the guest waiting for his meal.&#xA;  Walking back, I glanced in the mirror to see whether he was looking at&#xA;  me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My approach is to always strive in the most utmost manner to translate absolutely flawlessly and in the most natural way and to deeply understand why I make this or that choice. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thinking hard and making difficult choices, I came up with this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я нарезала на сашими конвульсирующего кальмара - кстати, того самого,&#xA;  которого хотела было сама съесть - и подала ожидавшему свою трапезу&#xA;  гостю. Идя обратно, я глянула в зеркало, не смотрит ли он на меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am still very unsure whether I made the best choices, and feel that I have not yet fully understood sequence of tenses in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to humbly ask the natural speakers to answer the following questions of mine:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Конвульсирующего&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;конвульсировавшего&lt;/strong&gt;? Are both variants acceptable? Is any of them preferable? If so, which one? I chose the present tense to stress that the squid was convulsing as I sliced it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Хотела было&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;захотела было&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;раньше хотела&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;раньше захотела&lt;/strong&gt;? I was taught that the former two variants are the proper traditional ones and used by well-educated people, whilst the latter two variants are simplified and used by poorly educated simpletons. Choosing between the first two variants, I chose the first one because it is more neutral and seems to better fit the original text.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ожидавшему&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;ожидающему&lt;/strong&gt;? I intuitively chose the past tense because the point is not that the guest was waiting at the moment at which I served him, but that he had waited. At the very moment at which I served him he obviously was not waiting anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Смотрит&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;смотрел&lt;/strong&gt;? I was taught that the sequence of tenses in indirect speech is natural (&lt;strong&gt;он сказал, что принимает трапезу&lt;/strong&gt;), whilst in relative clauses - attracted (&lt;strong&gt;он увидел рыбу, которая барахталась&lt;/strong&gt;). According to my professor, it is a grave mistake to break this rule. But how do I have to classify the clause in the sentence with the mirror?! It is neither indirect speech nor a relative clause. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;At how many places in my Russian translation I utterly failed, leaving hints I am not a native speaker? Word choices, word sequence, and so on. I would be happy to receive frank criticisms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am humbly looking forward to reading enlightening answers of native speakers of this highly complex and powerful language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-05-01T10:01:50.197" Title="Subtleties of choosing the sequence of tenses in Russian" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;tense&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19489" CreationDate="2019-04-28T19:17:54.743" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Конвульсирующего&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;конвульсировавшего&lt;/strong&gt;? Are both variants acceptable?&#xA;  Is any of them preferable? If so, which one? I chose the present tense&#xA;  to stress that the squid was convulsing as I sliced it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think &lt;em&gt;present participle&lt;/em&gt;, the one did you opt for, is preferable. &lt;em&gt;Past participle&lt;/em&gt; would have a connotation of &lt;em&gt;convulsing&lt;/em&gt; at one point in the past but not necessarily at the moment of slicing.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;On the other hand, had the sentence required the imperfective predicate &lt;strong&gt;нарезАла&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;нарЕзала&lt;/strong&gt;, both participles would mean &lt;em&gt;convulsing&lt;/em&gt; concurrent with the act of slicing.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Check also answers to a similar question &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/422580/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F-%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D1%81-%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Может ли причастный оборот не согласоваться во времени с целым предложением?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Хотела было&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;захотела было&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;раньше хотела&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;раньше захотела&lt;/strong&gt;? I&#xA;  was taught that the former two variants are the proper traditional&#xA;  ones and used by well-educated people, whilst the latter two variants&#xA;  are simplified and used by poorly educated simpletons. Choosing&#xA;  between the first two variants, I chose the first one because it is&#xA;  more neutral and seems to better fit the original text.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The use of particle &lt;strong&gt;было&lt;/strong&gt; is a great idea. However it has a specific connotation which may not fit the context of the sentence, because it modifies a verb to mean an act which lasted for a brief moment. When an act denoted by the verb lasted for some time in my opinion the adverb &lt;strong&gt;поначалу/сначала&lt;/strong&gt; would fit better. The adverb &lt;strike&gt;&lt;strong&gt;раньше&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strike&gt; would have been altogether incorrect.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Also be aware that in spoken language this particle &lt;strong&gt;было&lt;/strong&gt; almost never occurs. It's a language feature well on its way to being an anachronism whose use is now mainly relegated to literature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ожидавшему&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;ожидающему&lt;/strong&gt;? I intuitively chose the past tense because&#xA;  the point is not that the guest was waiting at the moment at which I&#xA;  served him, but that he had waited. At the very moment at which I&#xA;  served him he obviously was not waiting anymore.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same as 1. But here &lt;em&gt;past participle&lt;/em&gt; is equally appropriate because there's no connotation of necessarily contemporaneous activities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Смотрит&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;смотрел&lt;/strong&gt;? I was taught that the sequence of tenses in indirect speech is natural (&lt;strong&gt;он сказал, что принимает трапезу&lt;/strong&gt;), whilst&#xA;  in relative clauses - attracted (&lt;strong&gt;он увидел рыбу, которая барахталась&lt;/strong&gt;).&#xA;  According to my professor, it is a grave mistake to break this rule.&#xA;  But how do I have to classify the clause in the sentence with the&#xA;  mirror?! It is neither indirect speech nor a relative clause.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you do indeed deal with relative (subordinate) clause in the form of indirect question, attached by means of conjunction &lt;strong&gt;ли&lt;/strong&gt; (see &lt;a href=&quot;http://uroki-russkogo-yazyka.ru/slozhnoe-predlozhenie/slojnopodchinennye-predlozheniya-s-pridatochnymi-izyasnitelnymi.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;косвенные вопросы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://licey.net/free/4-russkii_yazyk/40-kurs_russkogo_yazyka_sintaksis_i_punktuaciya/stages/735-21_obschaya_harakteristika_slozhnopodchinennyh_predlozhenii.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;исключение, частица &lt;strong&gt;ли&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;), and these do require verb in present tense, provided that action in subordinate clause is concurrent with the one expressed by the main clause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я нарезала на &lt;strong&gt;сашими&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Into Russian popular culture such cuisine terms as &lt;strong&gt;суши&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;сашими&lt;/strong&gt; came relatively recently, that is after the USSR collapse, from the West. Following the USSR dissolution many standards ceased to be adhered to or enforced, including standards of transliteration from Asian languages in particular (by now the situation has somewhat improved but the damage so to speak has been done), that's why these two words are spelled with &lt;strong&gt;[ш]&lt;/strong&gt; mimicking English transliteration from the Japanese.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The standard for transliteration of Japanese phonetics with Cyrillic alphabet is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polivanov_system#Main_table&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Polivanov's transliteration system&lt;/a&gt;, according to which Japanese phoneme &lt;strong&gt;し&lt;/strong&gt; is transliterated as &lt;strong&gt;[cи]&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;[ши]&lt;/strong&gt; as it is in English. And not without a reason.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In Russian &lt;strong&gt;[ш]&lt;/strong&gt; is always hard, therefore &lt;strong&gt;-ши-&lt;/strong&gt; is read as &lt;strong&gt;[шы]&lt;/strong&gt; as per Russian phonetic principles. But its Japanese counterpart is always soft, thus transliteration with &lt;strong&gt;[ши]&lt;/strong&gt; isn't faithful enough to the original pronunciation and &lt;strong&gt;[cи]&lt;/strong&gt; is a better choice if for no other reason than proper transmission of softness. Although in my personal opinion &lt;strong&gt;[щи]&lt;/strong&gt; would be even closer.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So although ideally 刺身 (さしみ) should have been spelled &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;сасими&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, due to this spelling's not being widely and immediately associated with the dish in mass awareness &lt;a href=&quot;http://archive.is/yyjKK&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;English borrowing remains preferable&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;actually the one&lt;/strong&gt; I had wanted to eat myself&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;кстати, того самого&lt;/strong&gt;, которого хотела было сама съесть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Actually&lt;/strong&gt; isn't always an easy word to translate. Although it could be rendered as &lt;strong&gt;кстати&lt;/strong&gt;, in the context of this sentence it sounds a little inconsistent, because &lt;strong&gt;actually&lt;/strong&gt; here has a connotation of &lt;em&gt;contrast&lt;/em&gt; to the expected state of affairs absent in &lt;strong&gt;кстати&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;In my view  &lt;strong&gt;вообще-то / по правде говоря/сказать&lt;/strong&gt; could do more justice to the original here.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Кстати&lt;/strong&gt;, which introduces an aside remark, would be appropriate in phrases which simply provide new/additional information, e.g. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;которого я кстати тоже хотела съесть&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;которого я кстати поймала своими руками&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Likewise with regard to &lt;strong&gt;того самого&lt;/strong&gt;, which comes immediately after its referent (the squid), while the distance between these two is expected to be greater, so that &lt;strong&gt;того самого&lt;/strong&gt; does have effect of a reminder which is otherwise lost when the locution immediately follows the thing it's supposed to remind us about.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So considering the above said I would render the entire clause in a simpler way - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;которого я поначалу хотела сама съесть&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;которого я вообще-то хотела съесть сама&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Поначалу&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;вообще-то&lt;/strong&gt; don't go well together, that's why i had to choose.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I glanced in the mirror &lt;strong&gt;to see&lt;/strong&gt; whether he was looking at me.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  я глянула в зеркало (...), не смотрит ли он на меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indirect questions usually require a verb in the main clause to which they relate through an interrogative word. In the English sentence such a verb is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to see&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; to which the indirect question is linked through the interrogative word &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;what?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;-&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;to see what?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, so ideally we'd need to have one in Russian as well.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Глянула&lt;/strong&gt; (в зеркало) can't function as such a verb because the question &lt;code&gt;что?&lt;/code&gt; can't be posed to it. The one which can is &lt;code&gt;чтобы что? / зачем? / для чего?&lt;/code&gt; (glanced [in order] to do what? / why?), so another verb needs to be inserted in the interim. Possible candidates are &lt;strong&gt;узнать, проверить, выяснить&lt;/strong&gt; (but not &lt;strike&gt;посмотреть&lt;/strike&gt; or &lt;strike&gt;увидеть&lt;/strike&gt; to avoid tautology and build-up of synonyms which is considered poor style in Russian), thus a fuller rendering would look like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;глянула в зеркало&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;(чтобы что?)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;проверить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;(что?)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;, не смотрит ли он на меня&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; OR &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;глянула в зеркало&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;(why?)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;, желая узнать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;(что?)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;, не смотрит ли он на меня&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But since such construction is a bit clunky, it's permissible, especially in speech, to simplify it for the sake of brevity leaving the omitted part implied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;At how many places in my Russian translation I utterly failed, leaving hints I am not a native speaker? Word choices, word sequence, and so on. I would be happy to receive frank criticisms.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion none. Flows totally natural. The above remarks don't detract from its quality because by and large they're immaterial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-04-29T08:55:18.227" LastActivityDate="2019-04-29T08:55:18.227" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19492" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19489" CreationDate="2019-04-30T09:12:49.577" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Напишу-ка я свой ответ на русском. Полагаю, Мицуко вполне сможет его прочесть и перевести. И, возможно, так будет даже полезнее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да, раз уж мы намерены &quot;translate absolutely flawlessly and in the most natural way&quot;, я обещаю цепляться ко всему, что мне хотя бы чуть-чуть не понравится, то есть буду субъективен nec plus ultra.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну что ж, давайте по частям.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я нарезала на сашими &lt;s&gt;конвульсирующего&lt;/s&gt; &lt;em&gt;извивающегося&lt;/em&gt; кальмара&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разумеется, причастие тут может быть как настоящего, так и прошедшего времени - это не ошибка. И со стилистической точки зрения настоящее время, пожалуй, даже несколько предпочтительнее: подобная картина может привлекать внимание читателя, и её стоит самую капельку подчеркнуть. Однако слово &quot;&lt;em&gt;конвульсирующего&lt;/em&gt;&quot; меня, прямо говоря, фраппирует. Нет, это не &quot;ошибка иностранца&quot;, просто... ну, гадкое оно какое-то и бестолковое. В общем, убрать и забыть как страшный сон.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;кстати, того самого, которого хотела &lt;s&gt;было сама съесть&lt;/s&gt; &lt;em&gt;приготовить для себя&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А вот &lt;em&gt;кстати, того самого&lt;/em&gt; мне нравится. И, по-моему, это может быть очень даже кстати, прошу прощения за каламбур. Но проблема в том, что здесь подразумевается отсылка к чему-то, что уже было сказано прежде. То есть, если это предложение - часть бо́льшего текста, в котором недавно упоминалось, как героиня собиралась приготовить и скушать этого самого кальмара, то всё замечательно, а если нет - то увы, но придётся поменять. Однако мне приятнее думать, что это отрывок из какого-то рассказа, так что пусть остаётся как есть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается &quot;&lt;em&gt;хотела было&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, нет здесь для него контекста. Если б &quot;хотела было съесть, да кто-то припёрся совсем некстати&quot; - это одно, а так повисает оно в воздухе и ничегошеньки не делает. Опять же, не то чтобы ошибка, а просто не к месту. Почему нельзя посчитать это скрытой отсылкой, как и в случае &quot;того самого&quot;? Да на самом деле можно. Но &quot;тот самый&quot; - это такая &quot;естественная ссылочная конструкция&quot;, а &quot;хотела было&quot; - нет. Напротив, этот своеобразный пережиток плюсквамперфекта настойчиво требует немедленного присутствия дальнейших пояснений. И их намеренный пропуск будет выглядеть весьма вычурно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Раньше хотела&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, а зачем здесь вообще слово &quot;раньше&quot;? Что такое важное оно добавляет к сказанному? Иногда надо быть проще: &quot;хотела&quot; и всё. Вполне достаточно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Хотела сама съесть&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. В этом порядке слов мне слышится что-то не совсем правильное, или, лучше сказать, не слишком изящное. Что-то разговорное и выбивающееся из стиля. Нужно ведь сделать немногое - переставить слово со смысловым ударением в конец и получить нужную паузу для продолжения. То есть &quot;&lt;em&gt;хотела съесть сама&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, или же &quot;&lt;em&gt;хотела приготовить для себя&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. В последнем варианте есть ещё и дополнительная привязка к предыдущей части предложения. Да, неточность перевода и всё такое, но мне вот почему-то хочется именно так.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;и подала ожидавшему &lt;s&gt;свою трапезу&lt;/s&gt; &lt;em&gt;своё блюдо&lt;/em&gt; гостю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Ожидавшему&lt;/em&gt;&quot; или &quot;&lt;em&gt;ожидающему&lt;/em&gt;&quot;? Тут, как и в первом случае, можно выбирать что больше нравится. Никаких серьёзных рекомендаций нет и быть не может, кроме разве что одной: для полной нейтральности прошедшее время стоит сохранить. Ожидал он себе и ожидал - дождался ведь уже. Что здесь действительно режет глаз, так это слово &quot;трапеза&quot;. Оно довольно-таки необычное и плохо сочетается с обыденным приёмом пищи (нет, русские-то люди в целом нечасто рубают извивающихся кальмаров в сасими, но как раз в данном случае это должно выглядеть вполне ординарно).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Идя обратно, я &lt;s&gt;глянула&lt;/s&gt; &lt;em&gt;украдкой заглянула&lt;/em&gt; в зеркало &lt;em&gt;проверить&lt;/em&gt; не смотрит ли он на меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Смотрит&lt;/em&gt;&quot; или &quot;&lt;em&gt;смотрел&lt;/em&gt;&quot;? Во-первых, здесь должен быть ещё какой-нибудь глагол: &quot;Я &lt;em&gt;заглянула&lt;/em&gt; в зеркало, чтобы &lt;em&gt;узнать&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;смотрит&lt;/em&gt; он на меня или нет&quot;. Пропуск, в принципе, возможен, но он существенно усложняет понимание. Во-вторых, когда &quot;цепочка&quot; восстановлена, становится понятен естественный принцип согласования времён: &quot;я проверяла, что он смотрит на меня в тот самый момент, когда я смотрю на него&quot;. То есть, мы один раз как бы &quot;переключаемся&quot; в прошлое, а дальше уже остаёмся в нём, как если бы оно стало вдруг настоящим. Но сравните: &quot;я &lt;em&gt;посмотрел&lt;/em&gt; записи камер, чтобы удостовериться, что он не &lt;em&gt;выходил&lt;/em&gt; из дома&quot; (то есть, записи я посмотрел, скажем, вчера и проверил, что он никуда не выходил позавчера и т.п.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается Вашего другого примера: &quot;Он &lt;em&gt;увидел&lt;/em&gt; рыбу, которая &lt;em&gt;барахтается&lt;/em&gt; в воде&quot;. Здесь дело в том, что глагол совершенного вида весьма своеобразно сочетается с определительным предложением настоящего времени. Первое действие будет относиться к прошлому, а вот свойство станет вневременным / имманентным. А так как в воде могут барахтаться все рыбы без исключения, то и предложение перестаёт быть хоть сколько-нибудь осмысленным. Но сравните, например &quot;он &lt;em&gt;увидел&lt;/em&gt; рыбу, которая &lt;em&gt;ползает&lt;/em&gt; по земле&quot;. В это уже есть кое-какой смысл, не правда ли?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;At how many places in my Russian translation I utterly failed, leaving hints I am not a native speaker?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Явных ошибок у Вас нет. По крайней мере тех, которые выдают иностранца. Разумеется, при виде очередного &quot;конвульсирующего кальмара&quot; я сплюну и тихонечко матюкнусь себе под нос, но при этом буду думать, что переводчик - халтурщик, а не что переводчик - японец.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If смотрит is correct and смотрел is wrong, why does Google show that the phrases &quot;видел, как он убегает&quot; and &quot;видел, как он убегал&quot; are equally common? Or is it the missing link - чтобы посмотреть - that requires choosing смотрит in my exercise?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы правы в том, что прошедшее время здесь всё-таки можно употреблять. Но при этом возможно небольшое изменение смысла. То есть: &lt;em&gt;Идя обратно, я украдкой заглянула в зеркало проверить не смотр&lt;strong&gt;ел&lt;/strong&gt; ли он на меня&lt;/em&gt; - при желании это можно понять так, что даже если бы он смотрел на Вас, но за секунду до этого отвернулся, то Вы бы всё равно об этом догадались по единственному взгляду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2019-05-01T10:01:50.197" LastActivityDate="2019-05-01T10:01:50.197" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19493" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19494" CreationDate="2019-04-30T18:09:16.550" Score="12" ViewCount="553" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I do homework to be later read by the teachers, I sometimes like to show off by using rare forms that I have learned by deeply studying Russian. It is always fun, especially as the assistant professor is not a native Russian speaker and sometimes falls to my traps, marking correct expressions as wrong ones, in which case I get a pretext to talk with the full professor, who is a kind of bilingual and always a great pleasure to talk with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few months ago I wrote in an essay:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В кампус я придя с утра, в столовую зашла взять чашку супу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The assistant professor did not take my bait &lt;strong&gt;супу&lt;/strong&gt; (the partitive case, found only in textbooks of the most advanced level), but reacted to moving the subject &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt; into the dangling participle, marking it as a mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feeling like a cat who caught a mouse, I approached the full professor and showed him my marked homework together with the following text by Krylov, a classic Russian writer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вороне где-то бог послал кусочек сыру;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На ель Ворона взгромоздясь,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Позавтракать было совсем уж собралась,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да позадумалась, а сыр во рту держала.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I pointed to the second line and asked whether such a virtuoso of the Russian language had been unable to find a way to formulate his thoughts in a way conforming to the language norms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To my great surprise, the professor was unable to give an immediate answer and promised to tell me later, which he never did. Of course, I did not remind him about his promise, as such a reminder might embarrass him a bit. He is a very good man and must have been overburdened by his duties and unintentionally forgotten about such a truly minor matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I got really puzzled. I had thought that if moving the subject into a dangling participle were unacceptable, the great classic Russian writer would have used a different way to express himself. Or what could be the point of deliberately making a grave grammar mistake? Just for the sake of the rhythm? Come on, he was definitely able to make a perfect rhythm without resorting to grave grammar mistakes. But then why did my professor get so puzzled?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can I, after all, move the subject to the dangling participle preceding the main part of a sentence if I really want to? It is sometimes convenient to put the subject there in order to make clear from the very beginning what subject the whole sentence is about. I never saw the subject inside a dangling participle in my university textbooks, but they teach rather a simplified Russian. I have already learned many times that the real world is much more complex and multifaceted than what my university textbooks teach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could you shed some light on this mystery?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-05-24T21:52:50.673" Title="Moving the subject of the sentence into a dangling participle" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;word-order&gt;&lt;participle&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19493" CreationDate="2019-04-30T18:58:06.710" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;This statement is not quite ungrammatical, but it's definitely not a neutral writing and speaking style either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is parsable and comprehensible, but it abuses the relatively lax Russian word order rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So your professor is right in a way: it's not a mistake in the strict sense, but people don't really talk like that unless they are making their way out of a sentence they didn't completely think through in the first place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Or what could be the point of deliberately making a grave grammar mistake? Just for the sake of the rhythm?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Krylov is very well known for deliberately using colloquial speech, teetering on the brink of violation of the language norms in his fables. This has been mentioned by Zhukovsky:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Слог Крылова кажется нам в иных местах растянутым и слабым (зато мы нигде не заметили ни малейшей принужденности в рассказе); попадаются погрешности против языка, выражения, противные вкусу, грубые и тем более заметные, что слог вообще везде и легок и приятен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, Bestuzhev-Marlinsky:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Невозможно дать большего простодушия рассказу, большей народности языку, большей осязаемости нравоучению… его каждая басня — сатира, тем сильнейшая, что она коротка и рассказана с видом простодушия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and many others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The seeming &quot;clumsiness&quot; of his language is a literary device, which he is using to set a certain tone for his fables. He could have used a different way to express himself, that's for sure, he just chose not to. However, unless you're telling a fable, you should not be talking like a fable character or narrator.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can I, after all, move the subject to the dangling participle preceding the main part of a sentence if I really want to?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you really want to, why not? It's a language, it allows certain freedom of expression, and this phrase is within the limits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However you should be aware that this is not something the neutral speech sounds like, and by choosing this word order you're deliberately making your speech non-neutral. If that's what you want, go ahead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-04-30T18:58:06.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19493" CreationDate="2019-04-30T19:24:01.683" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian does allow for a lot of flexibility with word order but moving the subject from the main clause to the subordinate clause is pushing its limits unto the ungrammatical zone. This can occur in impromptu, unprepared speech, the kind that Krylov was portraying. Certainly not clear, academic writing which your teachers were probably expecting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both your sentence and Krylov's sound a bit awkward but Krylov's less so, probably just because this particular tale is so familiar to every Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've just read @Quassnoi's answer and he pretty much said it all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would use &lt;strong&gt;тарелка&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;миска&lt;/strong&gt; for the soup. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-04-30T19:24:01.683" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19496" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19493" CreationDate="2019-05-01T09:37:05.700" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я только поясню вдобавок к тому, что уже сказано в предыдущих ответах, что речь идёт не столько о (дее-)причастных оборотах, сколько о распространённых членах предложения вообще.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Грамматическое согласование в русском языке (т.е. падежи, рода и числа) имеет настолько большой приоритет по сравнению с порядком слов в предложении, что логически связанные слова и обороты допустимо перемежать посторонними включениями без потери смысла.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Простой пример: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ворона взгромоздилась на старую ель&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Прилагательное &quot;&lt;em&gt;старая&lt;/em&gt;&quot; связано с существительным &quot;&lt;em&gt;ель&lt;/em&gt;&quot; не только порядком слов, но и падежом. Поэтому даже если мы вставим между ними что-то, например: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Взгромоздилась на старую ворона ель&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, смысл останется неизменным. Но, конечно, подобный порядок слов более чем странен. Всего лишь одна маленькая ошибка, и всё перевернётся с ног на голову: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Взгромоздилась на старую ворон&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; ель&lt;/em&gt;&quot; - и уже выходит, что это &lt;em&gt;ель&lt;/em&gt; взгромоздилась &lt;em&gt;на старую ворону&lt;/em&gt;, можете себе такое представить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Придя с утра в кампус&lt;/em&gt;&quot; - это отдельная синтаксическая единица (деепричастный оборот). Вы можете спокойно ставить &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я&lt;/em&gt;&quot; слева и справа или же перетасовать слова внутри самого оборота, но как только &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я&lt;/em&gt;&quot; сунется вовнутрь - нет, это ещё не станет ошибкой, но Ваши шансы &quot;взгромоздиться на ворону&quot; резко увеличатся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2019-05-01T09:37:05.700" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19497" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19499" CreationDate="2019-05-01T14:09:01.083" Score="8" ViewCount="650" Body="&lt;p&gt;Should I write &#xA;Два балкона находятся у нас в квартире or &#xA;Два балкона находятся в нашем квартире&#xA;I am trying to write that we have two balconies on our flat. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T11:31:24.053" Title="Expressing 'our' for objects belonging to our apartment" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19497" CreationDate="2019-05-01T14:26:29.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Belonging is transitive so either form will do. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-05-01T14:26:29.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19497" CreationDate="2019-05-01T14:26:56.473" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both options are fine, except that one small grammar error has to be corrected:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Два балкона находятся у нас в квартире.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Два балкона находятся в наше&lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt; квартире.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a native speaker, I would say simpler:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У нас в квартире два балкона. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Or: В нашей квартире два балкона. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Or: У нас два балкона.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-05-01T14:26:56.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19500" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19501" CreationDate="2019-05-01T17:35:47.733" Score="1" ViewCount="124" Body="&lt;p&gt;Всем привет! Мне нужно помощь с переводом этого предложения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Anna Borisovna gave Viktor Stepanovich money to buy groceries&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried translating it, but I got two different things and I want to know which one is &quot;more&quot; correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Анна Борисовна дала денег, чтобы Виктор Степанович купил продукты&#xA;или&#xA;Анна Борисована дала денег Виктору Степановичу, чтобы он купил продукты&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо!!!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9762" LastActivityDate="2019-05-01T18:52:38.370" Title="Need help translating this sentence" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2019-05-04T15:31:56.923" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19500" CreationDate="2019-05-01T17:47:22.520" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both are correct. But the first one is a bit confusing because it is unknown to whom she gave the money. As a native speaker i like the second sentence more.&#xA;Удачи в изучении русского языка =) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11794" LastActivityDate="2019-05-01T17:47:22.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19502" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19500" CreationDate="2019-05-01T17:59:53.307" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Анна Борисовна дала денег Виктору Степановичу, чтобы он купил&#xA;  продукты&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is correct translation, &lt;strong&gt;the reason is that&lt;/strong&gt; the 1st rendering&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Анна Борисовна дала денег, чтобы Виктор Степанович купил продукты&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;could be understood in a sense that Анна Борисовна gave money, but not necessarily to Виктор Степанович, it could be a 3d person who'd pass it on to Виктор Степанович or just pay for groceries selected by Виктор Степанович.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically it's as ambiguous as the English&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Anna Borisovna gave money so that Viktor Stepanovich would buy groceries&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-01T18:52:38.370" LastActivityDate="2019-05-01T18:52:38.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19500" CreationDate="2019-05-01T18:47:58.103" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both variants are right. A slight correction can be &quot;чтобы тот купил продукты&quot;, but it's optional. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in the colloquial speech we would say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Анна Борисовна дала Виктору Степановичу денег на продукты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-05-01T18:47:58.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19504" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19505" CreationDate="2019-05-01T18:52:37.157" Score="6" ViewCount="324" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's suppose I need to convey the following idea: If you do X in the future, I do Y in the future, with one important subtlety: Y is physically done &lt;em&gt;earlier&lt;/em&gt; than X is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am blushing as I feel I may have confused you by saying such an apparently illogical thing, but I do not know how to say it better, so kindly let me give you a few examples of some XY pairs illustrating the concept:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) X = to visit me in Japan, Y = to help you get a Japanese visa&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) X = to try sashimi, Y = to buy fish and slice it for you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) X = to play Go with me, Y = to explain you the rules of Go&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I humbly hope that you get the idea despite my clumsy explanation. The idea is that here the logical order and chronological order are mutually &lt;em&gt;opposite&lt;/em&gt;. You do X &lt;em&gt;after&lt;/em&gt; I do Y, but I do Y &lt;em&gt;because&lt;/em&gt; you will do X, and both X and Y are in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I naively try to translate such ideas to your wonderful language just by using the standard Russian future conditional forms intended for the natural chronological order, I get this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Set 1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) Если ты приедешь ко мне в Японию, я помогу тебе получить визу&#xA;  Японии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) Если ты попробуешь сашими, я куплю рыбу и нарежу ее для тебя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) Если ты поиграешь со мной в го, я объясню тебе правила го.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Set 2&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(a) Если ты будешь ехать ко мне в Японию, я помогу тебе получить визу&#xA;  Японии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(b) Если ты будешь пробовать сашими, я куплю рыбу и нарежу ее для&#xA;  тебя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(c) Если ты будешь играть со мной в го, я объясню тебе правила го.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do all these six sentences sound to you?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to humbly ask you how &lt;em&gt;you&lt;/em&gt; would translate the above three ideas to Russian taking the following three wishes of mine into account:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Please refrain from using expressions like &lt;strong&gt;если ты решишь приехать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;если тебе будет угодно приехать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;если ты соберешься приехать&lt;/strong&gt;, because &lt;strong&gt;решить приехать&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;приехать&lt;/strong&gt; are two principally different things. You see, if you decide to visit me in Japan, you still well may change your decision. And this is why I want to make the conditional be not about deciding or intending, but about actually coming to Japan. That's a principal thing. The idea is this: If it is absolutely certain that you visit me in Japan in the future, then I help you get a Japanese visa, because I am a girl with self-respect who does not want to spend her time preparing many documents and visiting authorities if there is a chance of you not coming to Japan. The idea is that I am prepared to help you get a visa &lt;em&gt;in return&lt;/em&gt; for you visiting me later. It is a deal implying utmost commitment to visit me. I am afraid that using &lt;strong&gt;если ты решишь приехать&lt;/strong&gt; may lead to huge misunderstanding. The same applies to the above examples with sashimi and Go. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) I want the conditionals to be as concise, neutral, and naturally sounding as possible, as well as exerting no pressure and not looking official or demanding in any way. I strongly dislike variants like &lt;strong&gt;если ты точно приедешь&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;при условии что ты приедешь&lt;/strong&gt;, because I do not want to sound like a strict school teacher demanding something. I want to sound like a friend offering an opportunity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) I want to see an elegant universal tool rather than ad hoc bulky solutions like &lt;strong&gt;я тогда заранее для этой цели помогу&lt;/strong&gt;. In general, I strive to learn new tools in order to get able to express ideas more effectively than I currently can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess that the naive translations suggested by me above are at least understandable, because the chronological order is already obvious from the very nature of X and Y, but how should I translate such ideas to Russian if X and Y are such that it is not logically obvious from them by themselves what is done first, X or Y? In other words, how can I &lt;em&gt;grammatically&lt;/em&gt; make clear that the inverse chronological order is implied?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us consider this specific example: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;X = to come to my apartment, Y = to borrow a really nice goban from my neighbor.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(A goban is a board used to play Go and Gomoku.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this situation, how do you make it abundantly clear in Russian that the inverse chronological order is implied? Could you show me your translation variants?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern English there is a universal tool for that (see, for example, this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.grammarly.com/blog/will-would-in-if-clause&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Reference&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you &lt;em&gt;will&lt;/em&gt; come to my apartment, I will borrow a really nice goban&#xA;  from my neighbor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sentence, the first &lt;strong&gt;will&lt;/strong&gt; (i.e., the one in the subordinate clause) reverses the chronological order, or at least this is how it is perceived by native English speakers, especially when the first word &lt;strong&gt;will&lt;/strong&gt; is stressed. Without the first &lt;strong&gt;will&lt;/strong&gt; the sentence implies that after you come to my apartment, I will go to my neighbor to borrow the goban. With the first &lt;strong&gt;will&lt;/strong&gt; the sentence implies that I will go to my neighbor to borrow the goban well before you come to my apartment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recall a famous message by Aldrich Ames, an American who spied for your country:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you &lt;em&gt;will&lt;/em&gt; meet at B on 1 Oct, pls signal North ... (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/27/us/how-the-fbi-finally-caught-aldrich-ames.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this message, he asked his KGB partners to leave a sign at the location called North to confirm that they would meet him in Bogota. How do you translate Ames' message to Russian to reflect the inverse chronological order?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My university textbooks give no clue how to formulate future conditionals with the reversed chronological order in Russian, and I tried to figure it out myself by searching in the Internet, but found no clues whatsoever, which made me puzzled because such conditionals are everyday routine. What do you have in your arsenal to effectively express such things without resorting to ad hoc explanations about the purposes or timings of X and Y?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since future conditionals with the inverse chronological order are everyday routine, I really want to sort it out and am humbly looking forward to reading your enlightening responses. I am equally happy to read responses in English and in Russian, whatever you find more convenient for yourself or useful for the objectives of this wonderful forum.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-03T13:11:59.900" LastActivityDate="2020-09-24T09:12:46.540" Title="Future conditionals with the reversed chronological order" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;будущее-время&gt;&lt;conditional&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19504" CreationDate="2019-05-01T19:23:00.087" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Set 2&lt;/strong&gt; is the right way of expressing this relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the analytic (imperfective) future tense here has undertone of intent rather than actual activity. So although you strive to avoid such surrogates as &lt;strong&gt;решишь / соберёшься&lt;/strong&gt; (+ perfective &amp;amp; imperfecive), &lt;strong&gt;не против / готов&lt;/strong&gt; (+ mainly perfective) and the like, what you end up having is exactly that only expressed by grammactical rather than lexical means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(Mind that &lt;strong&gt;если/как будет угодно&lt;/strong&gt; is an antiquated expression belonging to a higher register, a rarity in daily conversations).&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One very common example of this connotation at work is the question about desire to eat something. In an eatery we may ask our companion &lt;strong&gt;Ты что будешь?&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;What would you like to have?&lt;/strong&gt; (literally &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What are you going to eat?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;) or at home &lt;strong&gt;Пюре будешь на ужин?&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;Would you like/Do you mind mashed potatos for the dinner?&lt;/strong&gt; (literally &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Are you going to eat mashed potatos for the dinner?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в) Интенциональный компонент&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Высказывалось мнение, что &lt;strong&gt;конструкции аналитического будущего в большей степени&lt;/strong&gt;, чем будущему СВ, &lt;strong&gt;присущ интенциональный компонент&lt;/strong&gt; (см. проверку этого утверждения на корпусном материале в [Чуйкова 2014: 26ff.]). В [Рассудова 1968/1982: 79–80] отмечено, что он особенно отчетливо проявляется в вопросах ко 2-му лицу, ср.:&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;(13) – Что &lt;em&gt;будешь пить&lt;/em&gt;? Я огляделся в растерянности, пытаясь понять, где он ухитряется прятать напитки. [В. Белоусова. Второй выстрел&#xA;(2000)] – ≈ &lt;em&gt;Чего хочешь выпить?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt; Ср. менее уместное в контексте вопроса о намерении адресата: &lt;em&gt;Чего выпьешь?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;и в условных конструкциях&lt;/strong&gt;, ср.:&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(14) Если он &lt;em&gt;будет уходить&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt;≈ соберется, захочет&amp;gt;, вызовите меня! ≠ Если он &lt;em&gt;уйдет&lt;/em&gt;, вызовите меня!&lt;/strong&gt; (пример из [Рассудова 1968/1982: 80])&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;В принципе в семантику будущего времени всегда входит либо компонент намерения, либо компонент предсказания (эпистемической гипотезы), см. [Dahl 1985; 2000]; [Bybee et al. 1994].&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;rusgram.ru:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8#21&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Аналитическая конструкция будущего времени, Основные употребления&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The future tense in the &lt;strong&gt;Set 1&lt;/strong&gt; framed with perfective verbs doesn't convey this meaning. Instead the sentences sound illogical where conditional relationship between clauses is turned on its head.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The conditional logic of the &lt;strong&gt;Set 1&lt;/strong&gt; could be fixed by swapping the clauses&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) Я помогу тебе получить &lt;strike&gt;визу Японии&lt;/strike&gt; японскую визу, если ты приедешь ко мне в Японию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) Я куплю рыбу и нарежу ее для тебя, если ты попробуешь сашими.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) Я объясню тебе правила го, если ты со мной (в него) поиграешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case the content of the 2nd clause serves as a condition under which the content of the 1st clause is possible provided that the action of the 2nd clause will necessarily occur after that of the 1st one. This aspect can be more clearly expressed by adding an adverbial complement of time &lt;strong&gt;после этого&lt;/strong&gt; after &lt;strong&gt;если&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) Я помогу тебе получить &lt;strike&gt;визу Японии&lt;/strike&gt; японскую визу, если (после этого) ты приедешь ко мне в Японию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) Я куплю рыбу и нарежу ее для тебя, если (после этого) ты попробуешь сашими.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) Я объясню тебе правила го, если (после этого) ты со мной (в него) поиграешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here we're talking actual activity and not just intent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the sentence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you will meet at B on 1 Oct, pls signal North&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i agree with &lt;strong&gt;tum_'s&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/19507/7674&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Upd3&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; with preference for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;состоится&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In it clauses reversal isn't necessary, probably due to the use of different verb forms in each of them which reduces chances of misconstruing the implied sequence of events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T15:29:24.333" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19506" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19504" CreationDate="2019-05-01T20:31:38.507" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;We can say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я куплю и нарежу рыбу, если&lt;/strong&gt; ты &lt;em&gt;потом&lt;/em&gt; попробуешь сашими. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я куплю и нарежу рыбу при условии, что&lt;/strong&gt; ты &lt;em&gt;потом&lt;/em&gt; попробуешь сашими. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я куплю и нарежу рыбу, если&lt;/strong&gt; ты &lt;em&gt;хочешь&lt;/em&gt; попробовать сашими.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is, having no such great variety of tense-forms in Russian as in English, we express the sequience of events not grammatically, but &lt;em&gt;lexically&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;syntactically&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-05-01T20:31:38.507" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19507" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19504" CreationDate="2019-05-02T00:06:19.020" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Для разнообразия напишу по-русски с английскими вставками.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Боюсь, что &lt;code&gt;an elegant universal tool&lt;/code&gt; для подобных конструкций в русском языке не существует. Как правило, используются те самые дополнительные уточняющие глаголы, которые вы нам &quot;запрещаете&quot; применять вашим параграфом (1).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И от выбора таких глаголов, порядка слов и, при устной речи, интонации/логического ударения будет зависеть, звучите ли вы как &quot;строгая учительница&quot; и пр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;upd5&lt;/strong&gt;: Абзац внизу частично потерял актуальность после того как вы более подробно раскрыли ваши &quot;жизненные установки&quot; в комментариях к другим ответам. Но только частично, поэтому пока оставляю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Честно говоря, мне кажется, что некоторые из ваших условий (the &lt;code&gt;three wishes&lt;/code&gt;) чересчур строги и, в какой-то мере, бессмысленны. Потому что, как бы вы ни старались максимально точно выразить все важные для вас нюансы, другой человек всё равно может понять вас неправильно :) И особенно человек другой (в данном случае не японской) культуры. Очевидно также, что его/её восприятие ваших слов будет зависеть от того, насколько хорошо он вас знает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;upd5&lt;/strong&gt;: rephrased:&#xA;Попробую дать свой вариант выбора из ваших Set 1, Set 2 с некоторыми поправками, но не выходя за рамки &quot;заданных граничных условий (1),(2),(3)&quot;):&#xA;Слова в скобках можно и даже желательно опустить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) Если (ты) &lt;strike&gt;при&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;едешь ко мне в Японию, я помогу тебе получить (японскую) визу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) Если (ты) будешь пробовать сашими, я куплю рыбу и нарежу ее (для тебя).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) Если (ты) будешь играть со мной в го, я объясню тебе правила (го).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;upd1:&lt;/strong&gt; Хочется добавить, что все эти варианты звучат для меня слегка ненатурально, и это во многом именно из-за наложенных вами ограничений. Они звучат, как фразы из иностранного учебника по русскому языку, в реальной жизни так обычно не говорят.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;upd4:&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;А теперь попробуем представить, как это звучало бы в реальной жизни, между двумя, ну скажем, приятелями, носителями русского (закроем глаза на бессмыслицу из-за упоминания японских реалий в этом случае):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) Приезжай в гости, с визой я помогу(, если что).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) Сашими будешь? Могу купить рыбу и приготовить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) Хочешь, сыграем в Го? Правила я объясню.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот примерно так это может звучать по-русски, хотя интонацию я подробно расписать не берусь, а она здесь важна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По поводу:&#xA;&lt;code&gt;If you will meet at B on 1 Oct, pls signal North ...&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;upd3:&lt;/strong&gt; In the context given by the source I would translate as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Если встреча в Б. 1 окт возможна|состоится - сообщите|дайте знать через &quot;Север&quot; ...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;upd6&lt;/strong&gt;: &#xA;where I will try to comment on this particular query:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;I got confused about something. You offer this variant: &quot;Если будешь пробовать сашими, я куплю рыбу и нарежу ее для тебя.&quot; I just searched similar phrases in Google and found the following statement by your president: &quot;Если они будут выдавать гражданство россиянам, а мы в России будем давать гражданство украинцам, то постепенно мы придем к общему искомому результату, о чем я и сказал.&quot; How is it that you and Mr. Putin use exactly the same grammatical forms but your chronological order is inverse and his chronological order is natural? Who made a mistake - you or Mr. Putin?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As already pointed out by @БаянКупи-ка, the grammatical forms here are not &lt;strong&gt;exactly&lt;/strong&gt; the same. They might be the same in &lt;em&gt;your definition&lt;/em&gt; of what grammatical forms are but I find such a definition, shall I say, &lt;em&gt;voluntarily restrictive&lt;/em&gt; and I do not share it. ^)&#xA;By &lt;em&gt;your definition&lt;/em&gt; here I mean that you seem to focus on verb forms only (or mostly), ignoring or at least underestimating everything that's around them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;..OK, I'll leave the &quot;grammatical forms&quot; alone because you're right - forms are forms, instead I'll be using the term &quot;grammatical instruments&quot;, which implies this larger scale that I'm after..&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To focus on verb forms is a mistake, at least in Russian, because &quot;everything that's around&quot; can be there for a reason, it &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; contribute to the meaning and, in some cases, can radically change the meaning of a sentence or a phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, the chosen order of subordinate clauses ending with &lt;code&gt;то постепенно мы придем к..&lt;/code&gt; is the direct indicator of what follows what in this sentence, while we have nothing of this kind in the &quot;сашими&quot; example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time, the &quot;сашими&quot; one cannot be called 'wrong' either, it's just a bit clumsy, that's all. However, in this case the main reason why it is unambiguous is the fact that it just can't logically be understood any other way (as you mentioned in your original question).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have unfortunately run out of time writing all this, so I have to post this, although I don't feel like I said all I planned to say ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-05-03T15:40:59.437" LastActivityDate="2019-05-03T15:40:59.437" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19508" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19509" CreationDate="2019-05-02T10:20:37.080" Score="15" ViewCount="2103" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нельзя &lt;strong&gt;заснуть и наутро уже&lt;/strong&gt; все знать и уметь. Будь терпеливой. Ты получила права совсем недавно. То, что ты сумела столько продержаться с нами, – уже само по себе подвиг.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I went on a motorcycle ride with my girlfriend, who had obtained a driver's licence just recently. I wanted to express the idea of how one couldn't reasonably expect to get significantly better at something &lt;strong&gt;overnight&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The adverb &quot;overnight&quot; can be figuratively used when something changes/happens/etc surprisingly quickly. In French, the expression &quot;du jour au lendemain&quot; matches perfectly, but in Russian, this phrasing was the best I could come up with right there and then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do Russian speakers commonly express this idea?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-05-02T10:58:22.850" LastActivityDate="2019-05-04T06:28:16.490" Title="In Russian, how do you idiomatically express the idea of the figurative &quot;overnight&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19508" CreationDate="2019-05-02T10:35:19.040" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;В одночасье&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нельзя всё узнать и всему научиться &lt;strong&gt;в одночасье&lt;/strong&gt;. Будь&#xA;  терпеливой. Ты получила права совсем недавно. То, что ты сумела&#xA;  столько продержаться с нами, – уже само по себе подвиг.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simpler variants are &lt;strong&gt;моментально, в (один) момент, мгновенно, в одно мгновение, в мгновение ока, мигом, за (один) день, тут же, сразу&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-03T06:11:46.280" LastActivityDate="2019-05-03T06:11:46.280" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19510" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19508" CreationDate="2019-05-02T11:17:06.183" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, we have a great variety of excellent proverbs about this, perhaps even more catchy and appealing than in other languages. Here are some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Быстро только кошки родятся. Literal meaning: What happens quickly is only reproduction of cats. Global meaning: Everything takes time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Москва не сразу строилась. Literal meaning: Moscow wasn't built instantly. Global meaning: Everything big is done gradually.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;От нетерпения вода в котелке не закипит. Literal meaning: Impatience won't make the water in the pot boil. Global meaning: There's no use of impatience.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Терпи, казак, атаманом станешь. Literal meaning: Be patient (in enduring difficulties and sufferings), private, you will become a commander. Global meaning: Efforts and sufferings will pay off.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a very Russian way to express what you want to express:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Что, получила права и думала, что уже всё умеешь? Ага, разбежалась!&#xA;  Быстро научиться нельзя, потому что быстро только кошки родятся. На&#xA;  всякое хотенье имей терпенье, а от нетерпенья и вода в котелке не&#xA;  закипит. Так что терпи, казачка. Атаманшей станешь! :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update: I did not add one important thing, assuming it goes without saying, but the comments below suggest it doesn't. The above example is humorous and has to be said in a proper manner, in a convincing but humorous and positive tone, with a smile on your face and with love in your eyes. The use of proverbs is supposed to be just the icing on the cake. The cake is your tone and facial expression. Overall, in such situations, it mainly boils down not to what you say, but to how you say. If you say the above speech in a wrong tone and with a wrong facial expression, it can do more harm than good :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastEditorUserId="11395" LastEditDate="2019-05-02T13:45:24.350" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T13:45:24.350" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19497" CreationDate="2019-05-02T11:31:24.053" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;находиться&quot; can be roughly translated as &quot;to be located&quot; or &quot;to lie&quot; (as in &lt;em&gt;London is located in England&lt;/em&gt;), so it's an awkward word choice for your case. It would be a fine choice if you wanted to talk about the actual location of the balconies rather than the mere presence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С левой стороны находятся два балкона. - Two balconies are located on the left side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case it's best to use a form of &quot;иметь&quot; (as in &quot;Наша квартира имеет два балкона&quot;) or &quot;быть&quot; (e.g. &quot;В нашей квартире [есть] два балкона).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5618" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T11:31:24.053" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19504" CreationDate="2019-05-02T11:55:03.033" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want to follow all 3 wishes, your examples in Set-2 are better. I can name only few variants to express the inverse-ordered chronology:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Use Set-2 and stress 'будешь'/'станешь' like you described this for English&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если будешь играть со мной в го, я объясню тебе его правила&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  If you will play go with me, I will explain you the rules&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если станешь пробовать сашими, я куплю и нарежу рыбу&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  If you will try sashimi, I will buy fish and slice it for you &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Use additional signals to show, that second part is before the first &#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если ты приедешь ко мне в Японию, я для этой поездки помогу тебе получить японскую визу&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  If you visit me in Japan, I will help you with a Japanese visa for this trip&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Make sentences even simpler and hope that you will be understood&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если пойдёшь ко мне, я куплю закуски&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  If you will visit me, I will buy snacks  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I would like to discuss your wishes and share my view to the problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wish-1:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, you cannot throw out expressions of planning ('если ты решишь приехать'='if you decide to come', 'если ты соберёшься приехать'='if you are going to come') &lt;strong&gt;from the meaning&lt;/strong&gt; of your sentence, because the action in the second part of inverse-ordered chronology is done after the prediction (the first part) was made. I will illustrate this by your example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если приедешь ко мне в Японию, я помогу тебе получить японскую визу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The author helps to get the visa of Japan only if his interlocutor &lt;strong&gt;promise&lt;/strong&gt; to use it for visiting the author. But any promise might be failed to keep. Natural disaster, illness, accidents - anything might happen. Unplanned blocker is not a reason not to help with getting the visa of Japan, or if the interlocutor got sick right now it doesn't mean that help with visa automatically not happened. You know, that a decision is much stronger than a weak wish. So, the inverse-ordered chronology is an illusion and &lt;strong&gt;it is normal to mention 'decision'-expressions&lt;/strong&gt; in such sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если &lt;strong&gt;решишь&lt;/strong&gt; приехать ко мне в Японию, я помогу тебе получить японскую визу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, we see that Wish-1 is not strict for normal speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wish-2:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I fully agree with you that it is a kind of pressure to get a strong promise. By the way, this is about planning again, it is just a way to hide 'you think, that' expression, so this is about a decision again:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если [ты думаешь, что] точно приедешь ко мне в Японию, я помогу тебе получить японскую визу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wish-3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hiding both 'decision'-expressions and signals of time control, you are risking not to be understood. Although most situations are obvious enough not to use anything, I am sure that for each situation you don't have to use complex signals of 4+ words, but this requires more vocabulary: not efficient, but a small tool set will cover most frequent cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Enjoy Russian!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S.&#xA;Strictly saying, you can use even your Set-1 form with 'по-' for verbs of 'traveling' (go/fly/drive...):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;едешь ко мне в Японию, я помогу тебе получить визу Японии&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если ты &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;йдёшь в магазин, я не буду заезжать за продуктами&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  If you will go to the shop, I will not buy products&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если мы &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;летим в другую страну, я куплю словарь&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  If we will fly to another country, I will buy a dictionary&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11107" LastEditorUserId="11107" LastEditDate="2019-05-02T12:14:51.463" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T12:14:51.463" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19513" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18444" CreationDate="2019-05-02T13:33:27.060" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;скучаю по вам&quot;&#xA;коротко и ясно... а &quot;по вас&quot; - так в деревне говорят, ну может еще в Эстонии :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="445" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T13:33:27.060" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19514" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18410" CreationDate="2019-05-02T13:36:32.427" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;куда мне звонить?” - where should I call?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="445" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T13:36:32.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19515" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-02T14:02:28.850" Score="4" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wanna use &quot;так&quot; dismissively as an interjection in a sentence like &quot;Главное - собраться, а остальное, так, найдется.&quot; Maybe ellipsis would better convey the dismissive nature of the interjection?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11209" LastActivityDate="2019-05-04T17:06:29.553" Title="What's the correct punctuation when using an interjection?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19516" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19517" CreationDate="2019-05-02T19:12:11.233" Score="1" ViewCount="303" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently the respected user @SergeySlepov suggested that the dish for soup is &lt;strong&gt;тарелка&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;миска&lt;/strong&gt;, not &lt;strong&gt;чашка&lt;/strong&gt;. His suggestion came as a reaction to my expression &lt;strong&gt;чашка супу&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have always been confused as to what the precise definitions of &lt;strong&gt;тарелка&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;миска&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;чашка&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;блюдце&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;кружка&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;стакан&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;бокал&lt;/strong&gt; and so on are, and I am unsure how to correctly call even everyday dishes in Russian. I feel like I do not understand even the most basic things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to show you a few photos of most standard dishes and ask you how you call them in Russian. Hopefully your answers will make me more confident in choosing Russian words for dishes and help me understand the concepts of  &lt;strong&gt;тарелка&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;миска&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;чашка&lt;/strong&gt; and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Please kindly have a look at this &lt;a href=&quot;https://images.japancentre.com/recipes/pics/1149/main/original_Japanese-Breakfast-Cropped.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;photo&lt;/a&gt;. How do you call the dishes shown in the photo - the ones for soup and rice, the one for fish, and the one for berries? Are the dishes for soup and rice called &lt;strong&gt;чашка&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;тарелка&lt;/strong&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;миска&lt;/strong&gt;? Is the rectangular dish for fish called &lt;strong&gt;блюдце&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;тарелка&lt;/strong&gt;? Is the dish for berries called &lt;strong&gt;блюдце&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;чашка&lt;/strong&gt;?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Please now have a look at this &lt;a href=&quot;https://sushischool.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/osechi-2.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;photo&lt;/a&gt;. What is the Russian name for these rectangular boxes - &lt;strong&gt;поднос&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;коробка&lt;/strong&gt;, or what? And please have a look at the round dish in the upper left corner of the photo. How is this dish called in Russian? &lt;strong&gt;Тарелка&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;блюдце&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;миска&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;чашка&lt;/strong&gt;, or how?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) Now this &lt;a href=&quot;https://cdn2.veltra.com/ptr/20160513010155_2030064619_12812_0.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;photo&lt;/a&gt;. How do you call this red dish, the one whereon you see sushi?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Now this &lt;a href=&quot;https://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/11/29/3b/ce/skewed-chicken-yakitori.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;photo&lt;/a&gt;. How do you call these wooden sticks whereon the chicken pieces are nailed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) Now this &lt;a href=&quot;https://static1.squarespace.com/static/53b3d458e4b001dd36b270ee/t/5422422ee4b024080316c93c/1411531344175/Japanese+edo+kiriko.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;photo&lt;/a&gt;. How is the big glass called? &lt;strong&gt;Графин&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;бутылка&lt;/strong&gt;? And how are the small glasses called?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-05-02T19:19:08.897" LastActivityDate="2019-05-06T14:54:05.593" Title="Choice of Russian words for dishes" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19516" CreationDate="2019-05-02T19:35:54.793" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;My takes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;А) soup and rice - &lt;strong&gt;пиАлки/лы&lt;/strong&gt; (why not &lt;strike&gt;&lt;strong&gt;миски&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strike&gt; - because &lt;strike&gt;миска&lt;/strike&gt; is associated with metal or plastic);&lt;br&gt;&#xA;B) fish - &lt;strong&gt;блюдо&lt;/strong&gt; (but there might be a specialized term for a rectangular one);&lt;br&gt;&#xA;C) berries - i'd call it &lt;strong&gt;чашечка&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;А) rectangular boxes - i'd label them &lt;strong&gt;корОбки/кОробы&lt;/strong&gt; (sing. короб), it's an unusual term for cooked food containers, but since they're not typical to Russian cuisine, standard widely used term may not be in existence, or alternatively - &lt;strong&gt;контЕйнеры&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;B) round dish in the upper left corner - i'd call it &lt;strong&gt;блюдо на подставке/ножке&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) either &lt;strong&gt;блюдо&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;поднос&lt;/strong&gt;, the latter is possible because if i'm not mistaken sushi isn't placed directly thereon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) &lt;strong&gt;деревянные шампурЫ&lt;/strong&gt;, the specification of material is desirable here because conventional &lt;strong&gt;шампуры&lt;/strong&gt; (sing. шампУр) are metal, or &lt;strong&gt;шпАжки&lt;/strong&gt; (sing. шпажка diminutive of шпага).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A) the big glass - &lt;strong&gt;графин&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;B) the small glasses - &lt;strong&gt;бокАлы&lt;/strong&gt; (sing. бокал) or &lt;strong&gt;фужЕры&lt;/strong&gt; (sing. фужер).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-02T20:46:24.277" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T20:46:24.277" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19518" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19515" CreationDate="2019-05-02T20:33:36.643" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You version is correct, but used nearly only in oral speech, because 'так' is very rarely used for your reason and you need to supply it with intonation (some &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/2wcIEybNscs?t=1261&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;example&lt;/a&gt;). I can suggest you to use a similar 'и так' expression, which is used only for such case and does not need punctuation. Your sentence becomes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Главное - собраться, а остальное &lt;strong&gt;и так&lt;/strong&gt; найдется&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dismissive nature is raised by showing that you don't matter &lt;strong&gt;how&lt;/strong&gt; something will be done. So you can use the following expressions instead of 'и так':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Главное - собраться, а остальное &lt;strong&gt;всё равно&lt;/strong&gt;(=anyhow) найдется&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Главное - собраться, а остальное &lt;strong&gt;как-нибудь&lt;/strong&gt;(=somehow) найдется&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, 'и так сойдёт'~'it looks similar to the target result' is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&amp;amp;q=%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%91%D1%82+meme&amp;amp;oq=%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%91%D1%82+meme&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;well&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href=&quot;https://yandex.ru/images/search?text=%D0%B8%20%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;known&lt;/a&gt; meme from one old cartoon about a boy, who did not matter about any quality:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/U64ao.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/U64ao.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11107" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T21:03:24.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19508" CreationDate="2019-05-02T21:00:09.720" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;За ночь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would be most suitable for spoken language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which is by the way &quot;over-night&quot; translated literally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11800" LastActivityDate="2019-05-02T21:00:09.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19520" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19521" CreationDate="2019-05-02T21:30:15.200" Score="0" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;p&gt;I took this picture at the Pere Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. I'm a graphic designer and I'm curious about this typography, I think it's cyrillic writing or maybe an old alphabet, I could be wrong. I already tried to match each shape with the cyrillic alphabet but I was unable to get them all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's cyrillic? What characters are? Any idea about the meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wTr4R.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/wTr4R.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I already draw some of them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tg6b1.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/tg6b1.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another pic:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/b2V5W.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/b2V5W.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11801" LastEditorUserId="11801" LastEditDate="2019-05-03T09:57:11.530" LastActivityDate="2019-05-03T09:57:11.530" Title="Identifying characters" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2019-05-03T10:57:03.740" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19520" CreationDate="2019-05-02T21:44:12.467" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looks like &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А́щє лю́битє м&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iotated_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;iа́&lt;/a&gt;, за́повѣди мо&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iotated_A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;iа́&lt;/a&gt; соблюди́тє (&lt;a href=&quot;http://archive.is/HfXsa&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ин. 14:15&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you love me, keep my commands  (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.biblestudytools.com/john/14-15.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;John 14:15&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-03T08:12:15.023" LastActivityDate="2019-05-03T08:12:15.023" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19516" CreationDate="2019-05-03T04:45:16.173" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Picture one:глубокие тарелки или миски  с супом и рисом, тарелка для рыбы, салатничек с клубникой. Picture two:коробки/контейнеры, красная пиала.Then блюдо, шпажки, графин с бокалами&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-05-03T04:45:16.173" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19520" CreationDate="2019-05-03T06:18:21.387" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have a look &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;, it's an older version of cyrillic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11019" LastActivityDate="2019-05-03T06:18:21.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19524" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19526" CreationDate="2019-05-03T09:29:40.000" Score="12" ViewCount="1345" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a big conflict between what I was taught here in Japan and what is written in most Russian grammar sources, and I am very curious what the native speakers have to say about it. I am especially eager to hear responses to one very specific question, which I will ask at the end of this post.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whilst most Russian grammar sources say that there are only three tenses in Russian (past, present, future), I was taught that there are more tenses, the exact number depending on how to count. The conception I was taught appears to be partially based on or partially concurrent with the book &lt;em&gt;Российская Грамматика&lt;/em&gt; by М. Lomonosov, who wrote:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§ 268&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Времен имеют российские глаголы десять: осмь от простых да два от&#xA;сложенных; от простых: 1) настоящее — трясу, глотаю, бросаю, плещу; 2)&#xA;прошедшее неопределенное — трясъ, глоталъ, бросалъ, плескалъ; 3)&#xA;прошедшее однократное — тряхнулъ, глотнулъ, бросилъ, плеснулъ; 4)&#xA;давнопрошедшее первое — тряхивалъ, глатывалъ, брасывалъ, плескивалъ;&#xA;5) давнопрошедшее второе — бывало трясъ, бывало глоталъ, бросалъ,&#xA;плескалъ; 6) давнопрошедшее третие — бывало трясывалъ, глатывалъ,&#xA;брасывалъ, плескивалъ; 7) будущее неопределенное — буду трясти; стану&#xA;глотать, бросать, плескать; 8) будущее однократное — тряхну, глотну,&#xA;брошу, плесну. От сложенных: 9) прошедшее совершенное, напр.: написалъ&#xA;от пишу; 10) будущее совершенное — напишу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to show you an example of how I was taught to use these forms. Let's suppose I need to translate the following sentence to Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was sitting at a goban whereon great masters &lt;em&gt;had&lt;/em&gt; played.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I use the Russian standard past tense for both verbs, I get this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я сидела за доской, на которой играли великие мастера.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This Russian translation is ambiguous because it can be interpreted in two different ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I was watching great masters playing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I was sitting at a historic goban whereon a number of great masters had played before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This ambiguity can be removed by using the &lt;em&gt;distant past&lt;/em&gt; tense, called &lt;em&gt;давнопрошедшее&lt;/em&gt; by Lomonosov and absent in most Russian grammar sources:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я сидела за доской, за которой &lt;em&gt;игрывали&lt;/em&gt; великие мастера.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was taught that this variant absolutely excludes the first interpretation because &lt;strong&gt;игрывали&lt;/strong&gt; is a kind of Russian Past Perfect. It is also possible to strengthen the idea by adding &lt;strong&gt;бывало&lt;/strong&gt; before &lt;strong&gt;игрывали&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;давнопрошедшее третье&lt;/em&gt; in Lomonosov's classification).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it works as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Infinitive: Eсть. Играть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Past: Он ел. Он играл.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Distant Past: Он едал. Он игрывал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most Russian grammar sources, however, consider the forms &lt;strong&gt;едал&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;игрывал&lt;/strong&gt; as the standard past tense of the verbs &lt;strong&gt;едать&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;игрывать&lt;/strong&gt;, and consider the latter verbs as normal verbs defined as &lt;strong&gt;to eat sometimes&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;to play sometimes&lt;/strong&gt;. For example, here is how Wiktionary defines the word &lt;strong&gt;едать&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;едать: разг. многокр. к есть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this conception, &lt;strong&gt;едать&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;игрывать&lt;/strong&gt; do not have the connotation of distant past, that is, the connotation that the action was performed before the events that are told about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this difference between the conceptions prompts an ultimate test to determine which conception is true: &lt;strong&gt;Can you use &amp;quot;едать&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;игрывать&amp;quot; in the present and future tenses?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you, for example, say this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;em&gt;едаю&lt;/em&gt; в этом кафе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На каком сайте он &lt;em&gt;игрывает&lt;/em&gt; в рэндзю?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Столовая больше не будет работать, поэтому &lt;em&gt;буду едать&lt;/em&gt; дома.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда стану сильным игроком, &lt;em&gt;буду игрывать&lt;/em&gt; в международных турнирах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My logic is this: If you can say like that, then &lt;strong&gt;едать&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;игрывать&lt;/strong&gt; are absolutely normal verbs and do not have the connotation of distant past (and hence I was taught wrong things), and if you cannot, then they have such a connotation (and hence I was taught right and many Russian grammar sources teach wrong things).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to find the answer by searching similar phrases in Google, and my little investigation suggests that you cannot say phrases like the examples above. I found really very few such results, whilst I found many results with phrases like &lt;strong&gt;я едал&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this suggests that the true conception is the one proposed by Lomonosov and taught to me in Japan, not the one given in most Russian grammar sources.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not surprised to have reached this conclusion, because Lomonosov was a great man. Or wasn't he? The Lomonosov Moscow State University bears his name for a reason. It is hard to believe that he was mistaken. I find it much easier to believe that most Russian grammar sources are oversimplified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is: Can you use &lt;strong&gt;едать&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;игрывать&lt;/strong&gt; in the present and future tenses, and, if not, do you agree with my conclusion about which conception is true? I am very curious what you, native speakers, have to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-13T08:32:33.117" Title="Can you use &quot;едать&quot; and &quot;игрывать&quot; in the present and future tenses?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;tense&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19524" CreationDate="2019-05-03T10:15:57.093" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ломоносов жил 300 лет назад. The Russian language has changed a lot since his fabulous time. :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Едать&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;игрывать&lt;/code&gt; are easily recognized as archaic words influencing the style. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays we have thee time-tenses (Past, Present, Future) and two aspects (non-perfective + perfective). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perfective verbs are not used in the Present. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the means of transforming a non-perfective verb to a perfective one are different, we can hardly say that they are two different forms of one verb. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, aspects are one category, tenses are another category, and they are only three. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-03T21:02:42.977" LastActivityDate="2019-05-03T21:02:42.977" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19524" CreationDate="2019-05-03T10:24:13.550" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you can say like that, then &lt;strong&gt;едать&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;игрывать&lt;/strong&gt; are&#xA;  absolutely normal verbs and do not have the connotation of distant&#xA;  past (and hence I was taught wrong things)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian language verbs forms of habitual or intermittent action in the past tense do bear a connotation of distant past, as they can't be accompanied by adverbials of time implying relatively short time spans such as &lt;strong&gt;(поза)вчера&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;(два) часа / (три) дня / (пять) месяцев назад&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;в прошлый четверг / в прошлом месяце/мае&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Can you use &quot;едать&quot; and &quot;игрывать&quot; in the present and future tenses?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To present and future tenses such verbs are only relevant if they bear the prefix &lt;strong&gt;по-&lt;/strong&gt; (not all do however) e.g. &lt;strong&gt;пописываю, почитываю, полёживаю, поделываю, посматриваю&lt;/strong&gt;. Their future tense paradigm is always analytical - &lt;strong&gt;буду пописывать&lt;/strong&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usage wise however they all have disappeared from active vocabulary, yet  are still understandable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am not surprised to have reached this conclusion, because Lomonosov&#xA;  was a great man. Or wasn't he?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нe absolutely was... for his time. It's been almost 300 years since his passing. Russian language, as well as, i'm sure, the Japanese, has changed as has its grammar theory. Lomonosov was just a pioneer, a trailblazer. Many of his views are no longer relevant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all formally there're only 3 tenses in Russian, the rest are nuances which can be conveyed lexically with specific verb forms and other tricks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я играла за доской на которой играли великие мастера&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is perfectly fine. So as you can notice there's absolutely no difference between the verb forms &lt;strong&gt;играла&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;играли&lt;/strong&gt; save for number, despite their denoting different past tenses. What in English and German would be expressed by means of Plusquamperfect in modern Russian is normally inferred from the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-04T11:36:49.467" LastActivityDate="2019-05-04T11:36:49.467" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19527" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19524" CreationDate="2019-05-03T15:41:46.737" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since your original question was more generic than a specific question about two verbs, I'd venture my opinion on that broader question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;It is unfair to compare Lomonosov's grammar to the modern Russian grammar.&lt;/strong&gt; Both of them try to explain all flexible word forms and establish a minimal group of orthogonal (mutually independent) properties, so that all possible word forms could be explained as a combination of those properties. But they approach this task from different positions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lomonosov introduced the concept of &quot;one-time action&quot; and &quot;frequent action&quot; - &quot;однократные и учащательные глаголы&quot;, for example &quot;видеть-видать&quot;, &quot;слышать-слыхать&quot;, &quot;гневиться-гневаться&quot;, &quot;движить-двигать&quot;. In modern Russian we don't (well, save the verbs of movement). From the modern point of view they are different verbs rather than forms of the same verb. So, there's no such tense like &quot;будущее однократное&quot; nor &quot;прошедшее однократное&quot; any more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lomonosov implied that the aspect is an attribute of tense, so he had, for example, &quot;совершенное прошедшее&quot;. In modern Russian we attribute aspect to the verb and we have pairs of &quot;несовершенный глагол - совершенный глагол&quot; like &quot;глотать - глотнуть&quot;. That also reduces (halves?) the number of tenses required to explain all the verb flexion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My point is that the number of tenses depends on how you define tense. If your definition of tense includes aspect and frequency - you get more tenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11810" LastEditorUserId="11810" LastEditDate="2019-05-03T15:48:31.533" LastActivityDate="2019-05-03T15:48:31.533" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19528" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19530" CreationDate="2019-05-03T20:28:32.950" Score="3" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am struggling to see the distinction despite a native trying to explain it to me. Consider the following example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;– Игорь, Гарик, вы продолжаете работать на поиске вампирши. – Шеф будто от-&#xA;несся к предложению серьезно. – Ей нужна кровь. Ее остановили в последний момент,&#xA;сейчас она сходит с ума от голода и возбуждения. В любой миг жди новых жертв! Антон,&#xA;а вы с Ольгой ищите мальчишку.&#xA;Понятно.&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Снова – самое пустое и не важное задание.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why not &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;неважное&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;? A similar thing seems to be happening with &lt;a href=&quot;https://context.reverso.net/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D1%81&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(не) совместимый&lt;/a&gt;, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8679" LastEditorUserId="8679" LastEditDate="2019-05-04T17:31:22.950" LastActivityDate="2019-05-05T18:34:57.270" Title="Why is the negated adjective written separately here?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19528" CreationDate="2019-05-03T20:43:30.760" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не важное&lt;/strong&gt; in particular needs to be written separately i think to avoid ambiguity because there's an adjective &lt;strong&gt;неважный&lt;/strong&gt; meaning &lt;em&gt;bad, poor&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Несовместимый&lt;/strong&gt; i would write jointly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://old-rozental.ru/orfografia.php?sid=77&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;There're rules to this&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://old-rozental.ru/orfografia.php?sid=81&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;for adverbs&lt;/a&gt;, but they are so inconsistent with so many exceptions that i personally don't really bother to look them up an try to memorize. I learned firmly that if it's followed by a contrasting clause, particle &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; is written separately. That's about the only rule in this respect i care to follow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-03T20:53:41.977" LastActivityDate="2019-05-03T20:53:41.977" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19528" CreationDate="2019-05-03T20:58:43.087" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have no idea how many of Russians get worse grades in school because of confusion whether the prefix &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt; should be written separately or together with an adjective. I've down-voted the previously provided answer because in my opinion answer should be self sufficient at least to some extent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So main rules are basically the following (however, this is not a comprehensive list which would then be more nuanced than that):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some adjectives are always written as a single word with the &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt; prefix because without negation otherwise such adjective wouldn't exist, e.g. &lt;code&gt;невзрачный&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;code&gt;взрачный&lt;/code&gt; doesn't non-existent). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt;-adjective is written as a single world, if for an adjective with the &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt; prefix there exists a synonym without &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt;, then , e.g. in &lt;code&gt;неженатый - холостой&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;небольшой - маленький&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The prefix &lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt; is written as separately, if the adjective used in the phrase where a &lt;em&gt;contradistinction is implied&lt;/em&gt;, e.g. 'Это не большая кружка, а маленькая'- &quot;The mug is not big but rather small&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, ironically in the sentence you've mentioned I'd rather use &lt;code&gt;неважное&lt;/code&gt; - don't treat any text as an ultimately  correct source. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="11408" LastEditDate="2019-05-05T18:34:57.270" LastActivityDate="2019-05-05T18:34:57.270" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19524" CreationDate="2019-05-04T08:24:23.830" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, we can use игрывать, думывать, делывать in future tense. And I even do it, if (and only if) I want my speech to be unusual, kind of archaic or humorous.&#xA;So. We can say like &quot;буду игрывать в международных турнирах&quot;, but these verbs are not absolutely normal and still do not have the connotation of distant past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand you are right, many Russian grammar sources (especially those for schools) teach wrong or simplified things. I think, natives and foreign learners usually need to emphasis different aspects of language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about Lomonosov's tenses, they are now considered another way. 1, 2, 7 cases are forms of verb трясти (non-perfective) ; 3, 8 - of verb тряхнуть (same 1, 7 but for perfective verb) ; 5, 6 forms are very rare and weird, I heard them only from linguists trying express grammar of another language. 9, 10 cases are absolutely the same as 3, 8 (because написать is perfective)&#xA;Also 400 years before Lomonosov we had tenses more similar to germanic: with auxiliary verbs and participles like &quot;have done&quot;, but they have gone too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you for your hardworking on Russian, I wish I were such a brilliant student when was learning English and Japanese.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P. S. Don't be upset, some linguists think russian vocative is going to reborn ;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9649" LastActivityDate="2019-05-04T08:24:23.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19533" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-04T10:31:17.673" Score="4" ViewCount="278" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe you should use the accusative for the expression 'each week' каждую неделю. However 'each car' is каждая машина in the nominative. Is this correct and, if so, why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-04T11:00:04.780" LastActivityDate="2019-05-05T07:25:26.803" Title="Grammatical case of &quot;каждый&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19533" CreationDate="2019-05-04T10:40:48.643" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it's not quite right. Depending on context &lt;code&gt;каждую машину&lt;/code&gt; is correct and &lt;code&gt;каждая неделя&lt;/code&gt; is correct as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is &lt;code&gt;неделю&lt;/code&gt; in accusative stands &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;for a period of time&lt;/a&gt;, so it's just should be memorized that in phrase like: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Всю неделю я пил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;всю неделю&lt;/code&gt; stands for &lt;code&gt;whole week&lt;/code&gt;. Correspondingly &lt;code&gt;каждую неделю&lt;/code&gt; stands for &quot;every week&quot; &lt;em&gt;as a period during which something happens&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in phrase like: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тут всегда происходит что-то новое, и каждая неделя особенная.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;каждая неделя&lt;/code&gt; is also translated as &lt;code&gt;every week&lt;/code&gt; but the difference is that here we are not talking about something that happens every week but about the week as a concept itself - &quot;every week is special&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You confusion is quite understandable, because not all common periodization falls under the same pattern - it's all about nouns in feminine - well, strictly speaking it's just that for non-feminine accusative and nominative are coinciding. Here's more or less full list:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Каждую секунду, каждую минуту (yep, same pattern)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Каждую ночь (actually yep, it's just that &lt;code&gt;ночь&lt;/code&gt; in accusative does not change)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Каждый час, каждый день, каждый месяц, каждый год, каждый век (nope, well, again, in that sense that actually nominative and accusative are equivalent) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, another important form worth to mention is &lt;code&gt;неделями&lt;/code&gt; - it translated &quot;for weeks&quot;, so &quot;он квасил неделями&quot; is &quot;he's been binging for weeks&quot;. Unlike the single accusative, this plural instrumental pattern works for a bigger set of nouns, so &lt;code&gt;секундами&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;минутами&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;часами&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;годами&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;днями&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;месяцами&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;годами&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;столетиями&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;веками&lt;/code&gt; are also all valid. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-05-04T21:50:43.407" LastActivityDate="2019-05-04T21:50:43.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19537" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19515" CreationDate="2019-05-04T17:06:29.553" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In your sentence, &quot;так&quot; is a particle, not an interjection. So there shouldn't be a comma before it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%E0&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;max2=2&amp;amp;lex2=%22%EE%F1%F2%E0%EB%FC%ED%EE%E5%22&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&amp;amp;parent3=0&amp;amp;level3=0&amp;amp;min3=1&amp;amp;max3=1&amp;amp;lex3=%22%F2%E0%EA%22&amp;amp;gramm3=&amp;amp;sem3=&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod3=sem2&amp;amp;flags3=&amp;amp;m3=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;some examples&lt;/a&gt; from the Russian National Corpus:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Человек живет один и умирает в одиночку, а все остальное так, кружева нашей жизни…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В каждом человеке есть одно какое-нибудь качество, самое существенное для него, а остальное ― так, добавочное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это основная кривая года, а все остальное так, вокруг нее канитель.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11817" LastActivityDate="2019-05-04T17:06:29.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18054" CreationDate="2019-05-04T17:19:33.177" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This phenomenon of using English words (medium, medium rare) in Russian language nowadays is more related to rebranding/marketing and increased interest amongst Russian youth towards Western/European countries, related either to tourism or wide access of commercial goods (which wasn't available as much until early 2000's) and social media. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rebranding in a way helps restaurants and cafés to disassociate themselves from the late Soviet and post-soviet history (during 90's), where the service and food quality were far from perfect and often not affordable for many Russians. Hence Russians do not have such a habit of going out on a regular basis as Europeans or Americans have. So by using borrowed English words (even though the same translation exists in Russian) allows to indicate that these places and what's related to them stand out far enough from what people used to remember/know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also if you've noticed in your video, the person introduces himself as бренд-шеф, instead of повар-технолог, partially because of a historic connotation. Being a повар until more recent times indicated something unprestigious and associated with schools where they used to study, e.g. ПТУ abbreviated not only as профессионально-техническое училище, but often jokingly translated as &quot;Пришёл Типа Учиться&quot; and more offensive phrases. So even these institutions nowadays are renamed into colleges, culinary schools etc. Moreover, a Russian word училище is not so often used anymore, unless it is been always associated with a prestigious school which managed to keep its brand throughout all these years and stay above these trends, like Суворовское училище, as an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other side of the reasoning why used borrowed words, Russians were always puzzled and in awe for Western/European cultures (may be, because it was so much prohibited in Soviet times) - to have a piece of European clothing, an American chewing gum or a German badminton set was beyond amazing, so using borrowed words nowadays helps to play with these deep-rooted feelings on older generations and even younger generations look up to Europe/America with interest as a lot of current culture comes from there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in a way many think, that the fact that you actually have had all this terminology and dishes long ago won't help to make your place/channel look fashionable and these borrowed words often serve a function of buzzwords.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even though it needs to be mentioned that the opposite movement also has reappeared in Russia, where restaurants and cafés based on traditional Russian cuisine again gain more and more public interest, so you can find such items as гурьевская каша, похлебка, солянка etc, probably even 10 years ago a given Russian person wouldn't be sure what гурьевская каша is. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11408" LastActivityDate="2019-05-04T17:19:33.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19539" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19547" CreationDate="2019-05-05T04:16:38.577" Score="28" ViewCount="4012" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt; is one of the most basic words, actually a central modal verb, but I am so much confused about it. I am often at a loss as to how to interpret it in particular sentences, and I avoid using it when I write and speak in Russian. I am overwhelmed by inconsistent examples of its use and by how it drastically changes its meaning. To me, this verb is like a wild animal I cannot tame.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This verb may be so natural to you that you have no idea how I could be unable to understand it, but I apparently have different thinking patterns, as I belong to a very different culture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to humbly explain you my difficulties in understanding this verb and to kindly ask you to explain this verb in a way tailored to my difficulties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to start with the following sentences, which I just found in Google as illustrative examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) &amp;quot;Никто не &lt;strong&gt;может&lt;/strong&gt; подвергать опасности жизнь своего ребенка, или&#xA;других детей, — заявил губернатор, — а в случае с корью сложилась&#xA;именно такая ситуация, когда поведение одних угрожает здоровью&#xA;других.&amp;quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.gazettco.com/kuomo-podderzhal-obyazatelnuyu-vakcinaciyu&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Роман Абрамович &lt;strong&gt;может&lt;/strong&gt; за один раз доставить на своей яхте в&#xA;Крым до 3000 отдыхающих. &lt;strong&gt;Может&lt;/strong&gt;, но не хочет. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/sandy_mustache/status/476799750776578048&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) Потому что он человек долга, - ответил Гарман. - Он не &lt;strong&gt;может&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;предать свою батарею, не &lt;strong&gt;может&lt;/strong&gt; предать свою полусумасшедшую жену и&#xA;своих девочек. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vestnik.com/issues/98/0317/win/ezersk.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Савченко &lt;strong&gt;может&lt;/strong&gt; выйти на свободу в ночь на 15 апреля.&#xA;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mk.ru/politics/2019/04/12/savchenko-mozhet-vyyti-na-svobodu-v-noch-na-15-aprelya.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) Окружающие считают Карла Уорнера слегка странным: он &lt;strong&gt;может&lt;/strong&gt; часами&#xA;разглядывать овощи в супермаркетах. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://bigpikcha.ru/?p=639372&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6) Не забудьте написать ваше имя и, да, вы &lt;strong&gt;можете&lt;/strong&gt; пользоваться&#xA;калькуляторами, - говорила миссис Ланкастер, раздавая листочки с&#xA;тестом ученикам. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wattpad.com/136683863-i-sleep-naked-larry-stylinson-au-r-t-%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these sentences this verb appears to mean entirely different things: In the first sentence it appears to mean an ethical norm, in the second - a physical ability, in the third - a character quality, in the fourth - a possibility that cannot be excluded, in the fifth - habitual behavior, in the sixth - a permission.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With such a great span of the meanings, I am at a loss as to what the concept of this verb is and what else this verb can mean. English has separate modal verbs for ability and possibility - &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;may&lt;/strong&gt;, respectively; ethical norms are expressed in English rather by using the modal verb &lt;strong&gt;should&lt;/strong&gt;, and habitual behavior - rather by using the modal verb &lt;strong&gt;will&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whilst in sentences (1)-(6) the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;может&lt;/strong&gt; is more or less obvious to me from the context, in many other cases it is not. To illustrate this, I would like to show you an example that made me seriously puzzled some time ago, when I browsed the Internet to see what the Russians think about the Northern Territories. This is the title of a material published by Radio Svoboda:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(7) &lt;strong&gt;Может&lt;/strong&gt; ли Путин передать Японии 2 острова Южных Курил? (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.svoboda.org/a/29613163.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you follow the link I provided, you will see that there is no context at all and that this question is used in a survey, so the question as it stands by itself must be very clear to every Russian, but how could it be clear if &lt;strong&gt;может&lt;/strong&gt; has so many very different meanings?! What is this question about - an ethical norm, a physical ability, a character quality, or a possibility that cannot be reasonably excluded? In other words, which of the following interpretations is most accurate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(7a) Does Putin have a moral right to transfer two islands of the Northern Territories to Japan? (For example, a moral right in regards to the inhabitans of the islands or the whole population of Russia.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(7b) Does Putin have enough actual power in Russia to transfer two islands of the Northern Territories to Japan if he just decides to do so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(7c) Is Putin wise, stupid, brave, unscrupulous, or backboneless enough to be capable of deciding to transfer two islands of the Northern Territories to Japan?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(7d) Can't it be excluded that Putin actually transfers two islands of the Northern Territories to Japan in the future (for example, as a result of some possible geopolitical or economic event sequence that may prompt Putin to transfer the islands in exchange for something)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do you understand Question (7) and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's assume that Putin can easily transfer the two islands to Japan if he just decides to, but is absolutely resolved not to transfer. How should I then answer Question (7) - &lt;strong&gt;да&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;нет&lt;/strong&gt;?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now let us consider the following example, which is the title of another article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(8) Непобедимый Чапаев: тайна гибели легендарного комдива. &lt;strong&gt;Мог&lt;/strong&gt; ли он выжить? (&lt;a href=&quot;https://hystory.mediasole.ru/nepobedimyy_chapaev_tayna_gibeli_legendarnogo_komdiva_mog_li_on_vyzhit&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This title must be very clear to every Russian already by itself because it is a title, yet I got puzzled as to which of the following two intepretations is correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(8a) Invincible Chapaev: The mystery of the legendary commander's death. &lt;strong&gt;Could he have survived?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(8b) Invincible Chapaev: The mystery of the legendary commander's death. &lt;strong&gt;May he have survived?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question (8a) is whether he had an opportunity to survive, that is, about a missed opportunity, whilst Question (8b) is whether it cannot be excluded that he actually survived, that is, about a possibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My original interpretation was (8a), because the title contains the word &lt;strong&gt;гибели&lt;/strong&gt; suggesting that the very fact of his death is not disputed, but I proved to be wrong. Reading the article itself, I realized that the author writes about conspiracy theories in which Chapaev survived. So yet again I was tricked by this wild verb, which I just cannot &amp;quot;domesticate.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What adds to the mystery is that there is an article entitled &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Мог ли СССР выжить?&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://news365.ru/news/7123-mog-li-sssr-vyzhit-rostislav-ishchenko&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;). This title has the same grammatical construction, but the opposite meaning, as we know that the USSR did not survive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So how could you explain this wild verb to a learner who is eager to finally tame it? What is the exact concept behind it, the concept that logically unites so many entirely different meanings under a single umbrella? And how do you always succeed in unmistakenly interpeting this verb, especially in sentences like the above ones about Putin and Chapaev?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-24T14:09:25.830" Title="How can I finally understand the confusing modal verb &quot;мочь&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="22" FavoriteCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19533" CreationDate="2019-05-05T07:25:26.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Nominative case&lt;/strong&gt; serves for denoting either the &lt;strong&gt;subject&lt;/strong&gt; or the &lt;strong&gt;predicate&lt;/strong&gt; of a sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Знание - сила, Время - деньги - both the subjects and the predicates&#xA;  are the nouns in the N.c.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all other functions the objective cases (all the rest) are used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As &quot;&lt;strong&gt;каждую неделю&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;год назад&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;через пять лет&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; are the adverbial modifiers of time, they cannot be used in the Nominative case. The listed above are in the &lt;strong&gt;Accusative case&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if we make a phrase with &quot;каждый + time period&quot; a subject, it immediately goes into the Nominative case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Каждая неделя, проведенная за работой, приближала его к успеху. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Каждый день жизни - радость. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-05-05T07:25:26.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19539" CreationDate="2019-05-05T07:49:45.087" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Может&lt;/strong&gt; ли Путин передать Японии 2 острова Южных Курил?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand it in the sense of &lt;em&gt;possibility which can't be excluded&lt;/em&gt;. Whether it's probable that he decides to cede them and does so, i.e.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(7d) Can't it be excluded that Putin actually transfers two islands of&#xA;  the Northern Territories to Japan in the future?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess it's because (according to my observations) survey questions which deal with moral character and integrity of political leaders are framed more explicitly and because ordinary citizens are not considered to be in a position to question his political powers and rights, these are a given. So the remaining interpretation is whether he will actually use his authority.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I watched the video to see how respondents had understood the question. About a half used the word &lt;strong&gt;должен/должно&lt;/strong&gt; either in the positive or in the negative. It could mean that what they had in mind was that &lt;strong&gt;he might but should not&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(it's not excluded but i prefer that he not)&lt;/em&gt;. But frankly i failed to figure out how they'd exactly understood it in part because quite a few of them instead of judging chances of cession by Putin offered their opinion on whether such cession is acceptable at all. Still in the dialogue with the 1st respondent the journalists asked a clarifying question &lt;strong&gt;почему не может быть?&lt;/strong&gt; which indicates a future possibility. So this seems to give an idea at least on the intent of the journalists themselves. And the last respondent seems to have understood it similarly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Непобедимый Чапаев: тайна гибели легендарного комдива. &lt;strong&gt;Мог&lt;/strong&gt; ли он&#xA;  выжить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would have understood it like you did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(8a) Invincible Chapaev: The mystery of the legendary commander's&#xA;  death. &lt;strong&gt;Could he have&lt;/strong&gt; survived?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;just because i've never heard of such a conspiracy theory to consider it in the possible reading, but if i have to me it would have sounded ambiguous. If the author were aware of the ambiguity or more considerate towards the readers he could have rephrased it to read something like &lt;strong&gt;Не мог ли он выжить?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Что, если он выжил?&lt;/strong&gt; or even more explicitly &lt;strong&gt;Действительно ли он погиб?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And how do you always succeed in unmistakenly interpeting this verb,&#xA;  especially in sentences like the above ones about Putin and Chapaev?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, as follows from my reply this may not necessarily be always the case. Often you just don't give it too much thought and simply dive into the content to find out. In a dialogue you might ask for clarification. But of course in most cases it's pretty clear because, i think, the natives both as speakers and as audience rely on a complex of clues stemming from familiarity with certain established use patterns and situations, where one specific meaning would be dominant or the most likely, as well as from the context of a speech act.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the concept behind the verb, at this point i'm not ready to give any opinion or thoughts, because it's a complex and intricate subject. What i can say though it that it just appears to be polysemous. Such status of Russian modal verbs is &lt;a href=&quot;http://archive.is/u6j73&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;recognized by linguists&lt;/a&gt; (and i believe it's not exclusive to Russian)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-05T12:23:25.277" LastActivityDate="2019-05-05T12:23:25.277" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19539" CreationDate="2019-05-05T11:38:57.883" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть известная максима о том, что язык определяет мышление. Все различия между оттенками значений в данных случаях должны быть ясны из контекста (либо по интонации). Если это не так, то и самих отличий тоже нет. По крайней мере для человека говорящего и думающего на русском.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, (8b) просто не имеет смысла, если вы только не любитель &quot;теорий заговора&quot;, ну или же горячий поклонник творчества Пелевина ;-) Поэтому (и только поэтому!) данный вопрос будет понят в смысле (8a).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что же касается (7), то это вопрос о будущем, а значит обо всём сразу (не столько о Путине, сколько о том, может ли такое случиться вообще). При этом, разумеется, значение (7d) должно быть релевантно в наибольшей степени, а (7a) - в наименьшей. Однако&#xA;подобная многозначительность в формулировке вопроса явно появилась неспроста. Это по поводу Ваших сомнений, высказанных в комментариях - никто не ошибается так часто, как журналисты, но, по крайней мере часть их ошибок совершается преднамеренно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2019-05-05T11:38:57.883" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19539" CreationDate="2019-05-05T12:33:40.170" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a person (and in Russian &lt;em&gt;everything&lt;/em&gt; is a person), the Russian thought model makes no distinction between:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the person's moral right to do something;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the person's ability to do something (like, physical ability);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the objective circumstances allowing or not for &lt;em&gt;anyone&lt;/em&gt; to do something in a given situation. (Note that the circumstances are a person too!)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Raskolnikov's famous &quot;Тварь я дрожащая, или &lt;em&gt;право&lt;/em&gt; имею?&quot; perfectly illustrates how he makes no difference between (1) and (2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another perfect example of the same ambiguity between all three usages is found in a genius play &quot;Дракон&quot; by Шварц. In one of the final scenes the hero (Ланцелот) lies wounded at the side of the 3-headed Dragon he just slayed (the Dragon is barely alive).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; 2-я  голова. Тише! Я чую, рядом кто-то живой. Подойди. Дай воды.&#xA;&#xA; Голос Ланцелота. Не могу!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You really can't tell whether the hero &lt;em&gt;has no moral right&lt;/em&gt; to help his enemy, has no ability to do so (as he is wounded too), or something else is preventing him from doing this!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That shows us the hero's personal integrity. &lt;strong&gt;For a true hero, there is no difference between thought, action, and evaluation of external circumstances.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Yep, that means that the journalists represented Putin as a true hero in the islands story ;-))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11819" LastActivityDate="2019-05-05T12:33:40.170" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19539" CreationDate="2019-05-05T13:44:38.543" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I probably would translate such titles not with a modal, but with &quot;be&quot;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Может&quot; in this context can be understood as a shortened version of &quot;Может быть&quot; - &quot;may it be/is it possible&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would translate these titles as &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Is it possible that Putin will transfer to Japan 2 islands of Northern Kuril&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Indefeatable Chapaer: Is it possible that he survived?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;Может&quot; in this context is more of a clickbait technique designed to be ambiguous - introduce some possibility, but not really explain the context or the real meaning behind it. I can't imagine a scientific or even a respectable article with such a title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I think it's a good rule of thumb that if in doubt, it's better to assume the meaning of &quot;is it possible that something will/did happen&quot; - for any reason.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11820" LastActivityDate="2019-05-05T13:44:38.543" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19545" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19548" CreationDate="2019-05-05T22:25:49.890" Score="4" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is stylistically neutral word for &quot;to flee&quot;: &quot;бежать&quot; or &quot;сбежать&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;: I consider here the formal register (such as in Wikipedia articles or TV news).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that both words can describe the same situation, and in some contexts only one can be used idiomatically, such as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;сбежать из дома (flee from home)&#xA;бежать от опасности (flee from danger)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but my question is which word is typically preferred in neutral style.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I often see &quot;сбежать&quot; in neutral contexts, such as in descriptions of historical events, in Wikipedia articles, or in news reports:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Upon defeat, the king fled from the country.&#xA;После поражения король сбежал из страны.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My feeling is that this is stylistically incorrect, while the correct (stylistically neutral) phrase is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;После поражения король бежал из страны.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;because (in my feeling) &quot;сбежать&quot; is stylistically marked, mostly negatively, probably bearing connotations of deception, and probably sounding pejoratively, and thus it should be very limited in use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;He is a coward, he simply flew away!&#xA;Он трус, он просто сбежал! (pejorative)&#xA;&#xA;These fools even did not notice as I escaped.&#xA;Эти дураки даже не заметили, как я сбежал. (deception)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is my perception correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11824" LastEditorUserId="11824" LastEditDate="2019-05-06T15:47:43.373" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T05:04:20.977" Title="Flee: &quot;бежать&quot; or &quot;сбежать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19546" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19545" CreationDate="2019-05-05T22:45:58.230" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a very nice question. To my knowledge there's no statistical evidence that &lt;code&gt;бежал из&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;бежал в&lt;/code&gt; is more stylistically correct. The very concept of something being more statistically correct if it is not supported by actually usage stats seems to me quite doubtful. But that happens as well - however, the thing is that in this particular case I'm not aware of any style-guides or any kind of public rules that state anything about this &lt;code&gt;бежал/cбежал&lt;/code&gt; differentiation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My feeling is that they are used quite interchangeably, with &quot;сбежать&quot;-form just being more frequent. &#xA;For instance, we can take some big newspaper - &quot;Коммерсант&quot; for instance. Just like any big newspaper they have their own guides. However here's a quote from one &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/186864&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;20 октября из чеченского плена бежал администратор гуманитарной&#xA;  организации &quot;Врачи без границ&quot; Кристоф Андрэ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a quote from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3674947&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;another one&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Французский преступник вновь сбежал из тюрьмы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-05-05T22:45:58.230" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19539" CreationDate="2019-05-06T00:51:47.440" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;As pointed out in comments, your impression of English “can” and “may” seems too rigid. Consider these dictionary definitions with the many meanings and examples, some of which overlap, and the usage note at &lt;em&gt;can:&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/can#h47313914215360&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;can&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/may#h69840071008140&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;may&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/may#h47304766641740&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;may&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many of your original examples can use these same English verbs and sometimes even both, even though you say they all of the examples have different meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;OK, I guess in such an official context this one has to be “should” or “must (not)” or even “has the moral right to” or even just “has the right to”—with the “moral” being implied!—in English. But informally, you might exclaim, “You &lt;em&gt;can’t&lt;/em&gt; put your child in jeopardy!”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Roman Abramovich &lt;em&gt;can/could&lt;/em&gt; take 3000 people on his yacht to Crimea at a time. He &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; do that, but he doesn’t want to. (The most direct translation of “could” back into Russian is “мог бы”, and it could work in the original Russian phrase, too. At the same time, “can” technically works here in English. But in Russian, “может” here sounds perfectly natural whereas I feel “can” sounds odd in English, and “может” has the benefit of providing a better artistic effect by matching the case of “не хочет” exactly.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;He &lt;em&gt;can’t&lt;/em&gt; betray his battery, and he &lt;em&gt;can’t&lt;/em&gt; betray his wife and girls. (He feels he doesn’t have a moral right to do so. But his morals are such an integral part of him that he feels he is &lt;em&gt;unable&lt;/em&gt; to do something morally wrong.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Probably:&lt;/em&gt; Savchenko &lt;em&gt;may&lt;/em&gt; get out of jail on that night. But it &lt;em&gt;might&lt;/em&gt; also be “can”. Really, to fully understand the exact meaning, you’d have to read the full article. The only information the title gives you is that &lt;em&gt;one way or another,&lt;/em&gt; it is possible that she will get out of jail on that date.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I like your use of “will” here, but equally well he &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; spend hours looking at vegetables in supermarkets, especially if he doesn’t do it every day, or he even &lt;em&gt;may&lt;/em&gt; spend hours to just look at vegetables in supermarkets. To be honest though, I think the most natural English phrasing of this sentence would just use present simple: he &lt;em&gt;spends&lt;/em&gt; hours looking at vegetables.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You &lt;em&gt;may/can&lt;/em&gt; use calculators. As noted by Oxford Dictionary in the above links, it is most traditional/strict/formal to use “may” to give permission, but in reality, “can” is also possible (in speech of all registers) and means the exact same thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’m guessing your confusion really stems not from the English verbs, of which “can” actually matches мочь fairly closely, but from the variety of forms used in Japanese to express these nuances. Off the top of my head, there’s 〜事ができる denoting physical ability, 〜ていい denoting permission, 〜可能性がある denoting a chance of happening, 〜かもしれない denoting the speaker’s lack of knowledge of whether something is/was/will be happening, and 〜える expressing other states of being able to do something (with some overlap with できる) or object states where something can be done to them. &lt;strong&gt;These are &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; мочь&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian, except inherent, passive object states such as “edible”/“съедобный”. Any time you want to use any of these, be bold and just use мочь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, if you want to emphasize a particular nuance, it is possible in Russian by using additional words: я не умею; разрешено/можно; есть шанс/надежда, что…; возможно/может быть, [что]…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I’m sure you know from Japanese, context is king. When multiple meanings of мочь work in a context, you either guess (possibly incorrectly) or the speaker simply doesn’t consider it important enough to differentiate between them. &lt;strong&gt;The common meaning is that the effect may end up occurring, one way or another.&lt;/strong&gt; Is it because the subject takes an active action to cause it to occur? Is it because something &lt;em&gt;else&lt;/em&gt; acts and enables it to occur? Is it because something else doesn’t counteract and prevent it from occurring? Is it because people think it &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; occur? In most cases, it’s either clear from the context or &lt;em&gt;doesn’t matter.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, what about the Putin example?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;7&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;All of them.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’m not even sure, but I think the very first meaning that crossed my mind was “is it likely that he will do so in the imminent future?” (7d) but immediately afterwards I thought of “should he?” (7a, I guess).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I was asked this kind of question (except if I was in a hurry or wanted to avoid a detailed answer for some other reason), I’d give an answer that essentially consists of several parts that answer each possible meaning that I would have an answer for. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Может-то он может* &lt;em&gt;[this is 7b, actually, which I processed without even thinking!],&lt;/em&gt; но вряд ли он это сделает (в ближайшем будущем, по крайней мере) &lt;em&gt;[7d].&lt;/em&gt; Честно говоря, я думаю, что их следовало бы отдать/оставить по таким-то причинам… &lt;em&gt;[7a]&lt;/em&gt; но в любом случае, сейчас, насколько я слышал, никто их отдавать не собирается, так что пока что непохоже, что это произойдёт &lt;em&gt;[7cd],&lt;/em&gt; если только японцы вдруг не предложат что-то кардинально новое, но непонятно, что такого они &lt;strong&gt;могут&lt;/strong&gt; предложить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;* Now that I think about it, I don’t actually know if he can/if this depends on Putin personally. Let’s not go there. This was just an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I notice that &lt;strong&gt;I used могут myself&lt;/strong&gt; in my example answer. Which meaning did I put into it? Essentially, this могут has all the same meanings as the original может in the Putin question. &lt;strong&gt;I didn’t actually think about any particular meaning&lt;/strong&gt; when using the word. In English, I’d use “can” and equally not think about the exact meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if I now try to figure it out in retrospect, I guess it’s “unclear whether there is anything the Japanese are willing and able to offer to the Russians that would actually be so beneficial to them that they would be happy to trade the islands for it despite the public backlash (if it wouldn’t change the public opinion as well)”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, what’s “willing and able”? We can keep going further/deeper with these questions, and at this point I think the exact meaning already doesn’t matter to the verb I chose. If I had wanted to underline a particular concern to the Japanese, I would have spoken of it explicitly in the first place. I think in this case the most important factors are physical ability (what at all could the Japanese offer that the Russians would find useful, even if they entirely disregarded public opinion within Japan?) and public opinion/political consequences, especially in internal politics (if they do offer that, will they be shunned by voters and fellow politicians?), but &lt;strong&gt;I’m not forcing this choice upon the other person,&lt;/strong&gt; and if they think other factors are more important, that’s fine too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, with such an overloaded word as you point out, there are bound to be cases when misunderstandings &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; occur:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;My original impression was the same as yours:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He died, but could he have done something differently to survive instead?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, this might be even more specific than your understanding. See how “Could he have survived?” has several meanings too; at least these two:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Could he have done something differently to survive instead of dying?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Could something else have happened to let him survive instead of dying?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My mind jumped to the possibility of his own actions because it seemed (to me, at that time) most sensible in the context, but this is not by any means implied by the verb itself. Indeed, other Russian speakers might have thought of the other option or neither in particular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I were to read the article, I’d most likely be surprised to discover the author intended the meaning “Is it possible that he actually survived when everyone thought he was dead?”. But I wouldn’t think the author had used erroneous phrasing. At most, I might think that the author had deliberately chosen this phrasing to lure people who shun conspiracy theories into reading the article by capitalizing on the fact that most people would interpret it the same as we did. The same can be done with any other word that has multiple meanings or homonyms/homographs, in any language. If you read a lot of articles by authors who do this in a particular language/manner, you start to recognize ambiguous titles before clicking on them and ignore such articles or know what to expect when you do open them out of curiosity. But it is also entirely possible that, when the author was choosing the title with the intended meaning already in mind, this phrasing seemed completely natural and they didn’t realize other people would misinterpret it out of context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So misunderstandings can occur sometimes, but don’t let this stop you from using the word!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, the multiple nuances can even be used intentionally to humorous effect: e. g. the sentence above said Abramovich can take 3000 people on his yacht to Crimea. Does this mean his yacht holds 3000 people, or that he is allowed to take people to Crimea? Probably both. But what if one is true but not the other? Тогда он может, но не может!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, actual everyday dialogue can intentionally contrast multiple nuances in a somewhat similar manner:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Возможно, твой друг может это починить?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;— Не может: у него болит спина, и он не выходит из дома.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Мы можем забраться на их яблоню и оттуда пролезть в окно второго этажа!&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;— Не можем, потому что яблоня огорожена забором.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Говорят, он может часами смотреть на овощи в магазине.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;— Не может: ему месяц назад запретили входить в продуктовые магазины.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11825" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-06T01:14:52.320" CommentCount="16" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19545" CreationDate="2019-05-06T07:12:53.517" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking they are both stylistically neutral and can be used to describe 'fleeing', 'escape from prison/other institution/country'. But &lt;em&gt;бежать&lt;/em&gt; is described as спасаться бегством, while &lt;em&gt;сбежал&lt;/em&gt; has the sense of убегать, уходить (not just in case of danger), hence I think these possible connotations of weakness, insecurity with &lt;em&gt;сбежать&lt;/em&gt;, e.g. муж сбежал от неё (because he feels insecure), собака сбежала (because the dog is stupid), or even &lt;em&gt;сбежать с уроков&lt;/em&gt; (play hooky from school, because one is lazy). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I think you perception is generally correct. As for deception (as in &lt;em&gt;сбежал&lt;/em&gt;) it is probably negative usually, but sometimes &lt;em&gt;сбежать&lt;/em&gt; can be perceived as devising a good and bold plot to escape. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastEditorUserId="11842" LastEditDate="2019-05-08T05:04:20.977" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T05:04:20.977" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19516" CreationDate="2019-05-06T14:54:05.593" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some general types of dishware and some specific ones (with special names), but usually specific ones still fall into some general type, so I will mention some specific ones, but definitely not all of them. And there are lots of cases when you wouldn't be able to tell two types apart for sure. It's OK, since sometimes we have to deal with strange things that designers create, and sometimes there is something from another culture that breaks the system, and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's list of some common names:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;тарелка&lt;/code&gt; is a flat plate used for main-course, usually 20 to 30 cm in diameter. There is also &lt;code&gt;суповая тарелка&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;глубокая тарелка&lt;/code&gt; (adjective can be omitted) which is not so flat, but it should have flat parts on the top. So if you're looking at its side, it looks like this: –,___,–&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;блюдце&lt;/code&gt; is a smaller plate used for deserts, sandwiches, etc. &lt;code&gt;блюдце&lt;/code&gt; is also put under a teacup or a coffee cup, it would then have design similar or complementary to the cup.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;розетка&lt;/code&gt; is even smaller than &lt;code&gt;блюдце&lt;/code&gt;, but may be deeper (getting close to proportions of &lt;code&gt;миска&lt;/code&gt;) and is used for jam or honey&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;блюдо&lt;/code&gt; is a big plate (40+ cm I think) used to serve dishes for several people (a&#xA;cake, a whole bird, a big fish, appetizers, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any of those can be round, square, hexagonal, etc. Name would depend on size and purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;миска&lt;/code&gt; is deep and is mostly used for soup (should look like this: |__| or like this: \__/). If it's for soup, it's almost never &lt;code&gt;чашка&lt;/code&gt;, with an exception of bouillon cup, but it should have ear-like handle (or two) and look like this c|__|, then it's &lt;code&gt;чашка для бульона&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;бульонная чашка&lt;/code&gt;, but you can still call it &lt;code&gt;миска&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– &lt;code&gt;салатник&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;салатная миска&lt;/code&gt; is same as &lt;code&gt;миска&lt;/code&gt;, but bigger, and can be still called &lt;code&gt;миска&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Difference between &lt;code&gt;миска&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;тарелка&lt;/code&gt; is that &lt;code&gt;тарелка&lt;/code&gt; is wider and shallower, but to establish an exact boundary is sometimes difficult. I'd say that if it has a brim, then it's probably &lt;code&gt;тарелка&lt;/code&gt;, and if its height is half or more of its width it's probably &lt;code&gt;миска&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;чашка&lt;/code&gt; is a cup for drinking (usually for tea or coffee) and should have at least one handle, it's narrower and higer than &lt;code&gt;миска&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;чашка для бульона&lt;/code&gt;. Looks like this: с|_| or like this: c\_/&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;кружка&lt;/code&gt; is basically the same as &lt;code&gt;чашка&lt;/code&gt;, but bigger. I think, originally it was for mostly used for beer, but nowadays there are smaller ones (300-400 ml, not 500) and lots of people use those for coffee, tea and any other soft drinks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, there is some gray area between &lt;code&gt;чашка&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;кружка&lt;/code&gt;. I'd say that if it's less than 300 ml, it's &lt;code&gt;чашка&lt;/code&gt; and otherwise it's &lt;code&gt;кружка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;стакан&lt;/code&gt; is a handless vessel, usually made of glass (almost same as &lt;code&gt;glass&lt;/code&gt; in English). This category contains old-fashioned, rocks, highball and pilsner glasses (maybe more, these are what I'm aware of). Note that it can have different height and height-to-width ratio, but &lt;code&gt;стакан&lt;/code&gt; never has a handle or a leg.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;бокал&lt;/code&gt; is a glass on a leg (e.g. wine glass, hurricane glass, martini glass, etc.) &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two more glasses are &lt;code&gt;рюмка&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;стопка&lt;/code&gt;. In my understanding they are same as &lt;code&gt;бокал&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;стакан&lt;/code&gt; (respectively), but smaller (for shots).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;бутылка&lt;/code&gt; is a glass or plastic bottle that liquids are sold in, it usually has a narrow neck (you can't put your hand inside). If you can, than it's &lt;code&gt;банка&lt;/code&gt;, and if it's more than 3 liters, it's usually &lt;code&gt;канистра&lt;/code&gt;. Except for huge bottles of whiskey or other beverage if they are mimicking smaller ones. All three of these have secure lids.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;графин&lt;/code&gt; is a fancy glass bottle, usually with a not secure lid, or without any lid at all. There are also things like &lt;code&gt;декантер&lt;/code&gt; (to let wine breathe) or &lt;code&gt;штоф&lt;/code&gt; (not sure what exactly is the difference).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;кувшин&lt;/code&gt; is bigger than &lt;code&gt;графин&lt;/code&gt;, has wider neck, and usually has a handle.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;поднос&lt;/code&gt; is a flat thing that you put plates on (in fast food places, or to bring to other room).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– &lt;code&gt;коробка&lt;/code&gt; is a box. It usually has a lid, but usually it's not secure&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;контейнер&lt;/code&gt; is a box for storaging food. It usually has a secure lid&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now to your photos:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Please kindly have a look at this photo. How do you call the dishes shown in the photo - the ones for soup and rice, the one for fish, and the one for berries?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ones for soup and rice are definitely &lt;code&gt;миска&lt;/code&gt;, one for fish is &lt;code&gt;тарелка&lt;/code&gt; and one for berries is either &lt;code&gt;мисочка&lt;/code&gt; (little bowl) or &lt;code&gt;розетка&lt;/code&gt;. I'd use the latter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) Please now have a look at this photo. What is the Russian name for these rectangular boxes - поднос, коробка, or what? And please have a look at the round dish in the upper left corner of the photo. How is this dish called in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rectangular boxes don't have an official name in Russian. I would probably call it &lt;code&gt;поднос&lt;/code&gt; even though you usually put plates with food on &lt;code&gt;поднос&lt;/code&gt; and not food itself. If these actually are bento boxes (that have lids and are designed to carry around), then you could say it's &lt;code&gt;коробка&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;контейнер&lt;/code&gt;. Round dish at the corner also falls into gray area somewhere between &lt;code&gt;миска&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;тарелка&lt;/code&gt;. I'd say it's closer to &lt;code&gt;тарелка&lt;/code&gt; as it doesn't look very deep.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) Now this photo. How do you call this red dish, the one whereon you see sushi? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is &lt;code&gt;тарелка&lt;/code&gt;. You might call it &lt;code&gt;блюдо&lt;/code&gt; if it's set of sushi for a company, but even in this case, &lt;code&gt;тарелка&lt;/code&gt; is also OK, as it doesn't look that big.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(4) Now this photo. How do you call these wooden sticks whereon the chicken pieces are nailed?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are &lt;code&gt;деревянные шампуры&lt;/code&gt;, adjective can be omitted. For smallers sticks that hold olives or other snacks there is word &lt;code&gt;шпажки&lt;/code&gt; (derived from &lt;code&gt;шпага&lt;/code&gt; which is a rapier).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5) Now this photo. How is the big glass called? Графин or бутылка? And how are the small glasses called?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Big glass is definitely &lt;code&gt;графин&lt;/code&gt;. Small glasses are either &lt;code&gt;бокал&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;рюмка&lt;/code&gt; depending on the size, which is not exactly clear. Probably &lt;code&gt;бокал&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; The definitions I used seems to differ from formal definitions (e.g. wikipedia says that &lt;code&gt;блюдце&lt;/code&gt; is thing to place a cup on, everything else is &lt;code&gt;тарелка&lt;/code&gt; of different kind), but this is how the words are actually used in spoken language (at least around me).&#xA;If you need more types of dishware or more formal definitions, you can start from exploring &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; category in Wikipedia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2019-05-06T14:54:05.593" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19551" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19554" CreationDate="2019-05-06T19:04:32.010" Score="1" ViewCount="165" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Может, и...' seems to translate to 'Maybe...', but it also seems to convey more of a sense of possibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, how should the following phrase be understood?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Может, и я ходил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My estimation would be 'Maybe I went.' But does the use of the word 'может' also imply that I was maybe capable of going, maybe not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11788" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-05-07T13:26:10.300" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T03:10:17.957" Title="What is the meaning of &quot;может, и...&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19551" CreationDate="2019-05-06T19:37:04.137" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Может, я и ходил. И что из этого? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Even if I went&lt;/strong&gt; there, what's then? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase implies the possibility if the action named, but mainly it expresses the idea that the action does not influence anything. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-05-06T19:37:04.137" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19553" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19539" CreationDate="2019-05-06T20:59:53.673" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a bilingual Russian-speaker (in addition to Ukrainian) and a native habitat of Ukraine (post-soviet country) I will try to explain this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;In these sentences this verb appears to mean entirely different things: In the first sentence it appears to mean an ethical norm, in the second - a physical ability, in the third - a character quality, in the fourth - a possibility that cannot be excluded, in the fifth - habitual behavior, in the sixth - a permission.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, you &lt;strong&gt;can not&lt;/strong&gt; do smth because your morality, physical disability, external prohibitions stop you and you are &lt;strong&gt;unable&lt;/strong&gt; to do smth (it is mostly about sentences 1, 2, 6). Sentence 3, as for me, is also about morality, but your explanation is also correct.&#xA;Also, as you have mentioned about sentence 4, &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; can also have a meaning of &lt;em&gt;may/might&lt;/em&gt;, which seems not strongly different from the word 'can' in my perception. While learning English, we usually learn, that &quot;might&quot; is a very low probability, &quot;may&quot; is relatively low (like 30% or a bit more), &quot;can&quot; is more (like 50+), &quot;must&quot; is very high (80-90+). About sentence 5 - I think &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; is used here, because most people (or at least the author/character/speaker/writer) &lt;strong&gt;can not&lt;/strong&gt; do that, because it seems very untypical, the person may/can get bored, tired, consider it like ridiculous, insane, out of common sense etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About sentence 7 - I think your suggestions are grammatically correct, in addition I give an example of how I understood the sentence (most of them are close to 7d, 7c) &quot; Is it possible? Do the external circumstances force/allow him to do that? What profits he/country can/may/might get of it? Do they overweight the disadvantages of the decision? Isn't he too proud for it?&quot;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About sentence 8 - I think that the word &lt;strong&gt;mystery&lt;/strong&gt; (of death) in the sentence may guide the person's thoughts that it can be some conspiracy. And the sentence &quot;Мог ли СССР выжить?&quot; has no clue about any conspiracy, but when reading Russian titles of news or articles you never know - there is a tendency to make clickbait titles, which can trick your mind, sometimes titles are almost a lie or (more rarely) a real lie. An example of tricking is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQ3PKbpmvjI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the youtube video&lt;/a&gt; with the title &quot;Афроамериканец наехал на украинца в США&quot;, which is usually understood like &quot;Afroamerican ran over an Ukrainian (a person) in the USA&quot;, but actually in the video afroamerican driver hit a car droven by an Ukrainian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11835" LastEditorUserId="11835" LastEditDate="2019-05-08T09:10:07.947" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T09:10:07.947" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19551" CreationDate="2019-05-06T23:12:53.723" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;может&lt;/code&gt; in your sentence serves a function of the parenthesis - an explanatory or qualifying word (in Russian we call them вводные слова). It would be a short form of a common parenthetical phrase &lt;code&gt;может быть&lt;/code&gt;, which you can translate as &lt;code&gt;may be, possibly, probably&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/punctum?layout=item&amp;amp;id=58_416&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Check for the whole definition&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to answer your question, &lt;code&gt;может&lt;/code&gt; does indicate towards a possibility that I went (and not capability).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would translate your sentence as: I might have gone too. In that context in combination with the conjunction &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;, it is reasonable to assume that either a speaker knows if he went (wherever he went) and it is a small play towards his companion(s), as if like teasing: you'll never know if I went there or not, or the speaker's companion(s) suggested before that he (they) went somewhere and the speaker sincerely doesn't remember and simply assumes that he probably also went there. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11408" LastEditorUserId="11408" LastEditDate="2019-05-08T03:10:17.957" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T03:10:17.957" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19555" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-07T02:58:40.143" Score="2" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a term for driving and listening to music with no destination just to drive listening to music? Is there a specific term to drive and listen to music at night? Is there a term when a large group of cars cruise together mob or civilian? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11838" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-07T05:12:02.247" LastActivityDate="2019-05-07T06:17:54.593" Title="What would be the Russian term for cruising in your car listening to music? Also,Is there a term when the mob travel and drive as a group?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19555" CreationDate="2019-05-07T05:18:22.733" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't know any particular exact word for this. However if someone have asked me to describe this in Russian I'd rather used something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кружить по району без дела и слушать музыку. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Просто кататься и слушать музыку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no verb like &quot;слоняться&quot; or &quot;бродить [без дела]&quot; but for driving, so this is the closest I can think of. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-05-07T05:18:22.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19557" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19555" CreationDate="2019-05-07T06:17:54.593" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there a term when a large group of cars cruise together mob or civilian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the formal and official context the term is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;автоколонна&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. It is an organized group of buses / trucks / cars / military vehicles, accompanied by the police. This word is, e.g., for moving large group of workers from one site to another, or transporting a large group of schoolchildren to their summer camp. A motorcade. It's definitely not for &quot;driving with no particular destination listening to music&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For informal context the term is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;покатушка&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. This word is often used when a large group of people go biking, cycling, or roller skating. But there are examples when it's used in the context of a group driving their cars around for pleasure, for example, a group of off-road fans driving to a particularly attractive dirt hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11810" LastActivityDate="2019-05-07T06:17:54.593" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19558" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19561" CreationDate="2019-05-07T07:08:13.367" Score="3" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question is different in the word order from: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/700/singular-or-a-plural-verb-after-%D0%B8-%D0%B8&quot;&gt;singular or a plural verb after &amp;quot;и..., и ...&amp;quot;?&lt;/a&gt; - When the verb is after the subject, plural sounds logical. However, it is common in Russian to have a verb before the subject. In this case, plural doesn't sound good, because it perceptibly contradicts the first (singular) part of the subject. For example, what is correct in the following, &quot;встретила&quot; or &quot;встретили&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Меня встретила Аня, моя старшая двоюродная сестра, и Сергей, её новый парень со старшего курса.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9562" LastActivityDate="2019-05-07T10:50:31.303" Title="Is the verb always plural *before* a plural subject?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19559" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19558" CreationDate="2019-05-07T07:24:33.763" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Correct is a very vague term in this particular case. Grammatically correct would be &quot;встретили&quot;,  plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;De-facto in real life, in casual speech one can easily hear &quot;встретил&quot; and Russian native speaker would perceive it without batting an eye.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-05-07T07:24:33.763" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19558" CreationDate="2019-05-07T10:42:35.793" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general the rules are quite long and complicated. You may try to read &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/64-bolshinstvo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; if you dare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But taking your example, it's about (slightly) different meanings. &lt;em&gt;Меня встретили Аня и Сергей&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;They both met me&lt;/em&gt;, while &lt;em&gt;Меня встретила Аня и Сергей&lt;/em&gt; is rather &lt;em&gt;She met me. And also he did.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the plural here should be preferred unless you want to stress that particular difference. However, in common speech people rarely pay attention to it (and if they really do, they also use an intonation of some sort to be properly understood). So it is common to use singular and plural in such sentences interchangeably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2019-05-07T10:42:35.793" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19561" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19558" CreationDate="2019-05-07T10:50:31.303" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In your example either number will do, but plural is preferred in formal writing:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Обратите внимание на то, что форма множественного числа при обратном порядке слов является нормативной в официально-деловом и научном стилях, где на первый план выходит смысловая точность высказывания (На заседании присутствовали...; в Президиум избраны...).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(from &lt;a href=&quot;https://licey.net/free/4-russkii_yazyk/41-kurs_russkogo_yazyka_russkii_yazyk_i_kultura_obscheniya/stages/783-33_nekotorye_osobennosti_soglasovaniya.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-05-07T10:50:31.303" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19562" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19566" CreationDate="2019-05-07T12:06:38.873" Score="5" ViewCount="1023" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I wanted to express the idea of &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;I can't place her&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; in Russian -- informally/colloquially used when you think you recognise someone from somewhere and yet, frustratingly enough, can't put your finger on from where exactly. E.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I &lt;strong&gt;can't place&lt;/strong&gt; her, but I still feel that her face is vaguely familiar. It'll come back sometime, though it may be just that she resembles someone I know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I &lt;strong&gt;can't place&lt;/strong&gt; her exactly, but I know she is an instructor of sorts or a teacher, can't be sure which she is, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In French and German, there are colloquial phrasings that perfectly match in register -- &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;J'arrive pas à la remettre&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Ich weiß bloß gerade nicht, wo ich sie hintun soll&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; -- but  its Russian equivalent eludes me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T08:44:41.663" Title="&quot;I can't place her&quot;: How do Russian speakers express this idea colloquially?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19562" CreationDate="2019-05-07T13:01:35.847" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Не помню, откуда её знаю&quot; or &quot;не могу припомнить, откуда её знаю&quot; - this is the most frequent thing one can hear in this kind of situations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can also be used for directly addressing somebody, like in &quot;Что-то не могу тебя припомнить&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-05-07T13:01:35.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19562" CreationDate="2019-05-07T13:06:47.003" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;We don't have one expression. You can say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не узнаю ее, я не знаю кто она, не могу вспомнить, кто она, я не признАю, кто она, не припомню ее, не могу точно сказать, кто она... and perhaps more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-05-07T13:06:47.003" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18054" CreationDate="2019-05-07T13:19:09.647" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Why a new term&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doneness&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Doneness&lt;/a&gt; is a scale. Steak is not a traditional Russian dish; there are five commonly used degrees of doneness for steaks but only three established Russian translations (с кровью, средней прожарки, хорошо прожаренный). It makes sense to adopt the international scale instead of each chef inventing his or her own translations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Cырой&quot; in the context of food means &quot;uncooked&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an ingredient,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a dish in the process of preparation,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;or an unprocessed food item good to be eaten as-is in the mind of the speaker: vegetables, eggs, [unpasteurized] milk.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a &lt;em&gt;cooked&lt;/em&gt; dish (such as a steak) is &quot;сырой&quot;, it is undercooked compared to how you wanted it. See, for example, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.staroeradio.ru/audio/3809&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this humorous poem by Samuil Marshak&lt;/a&gt;, in which an obstinate old woman is incensed not so much by a burglary but by the burglars' insinuation the pie they stole is сырой. Do not use сырой for a steak that is cooked to your preference. (But you can say &quot;Я люблю ultra-rare стейки, чтобы мясо было совсем сырое&quot; - the &lt;em&gt;ingredient&lt;/em&gt; is сырой, but the &lt;em&gt;dish&lt;/em&gt; is just fine).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;English in Advertising&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Parenthetical transcription of the terms in menus is done to conform to the Federal Law on Advertising (&lt;a href=&quot;https://fas.gov.ru/pages/postateiny_kommentary#Art5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Федеральный закон &quot;О рекламе&quot; от 13.03.2006 N 38-ФЗ&lt;/a&gt;, Article 5, paragraph 5.1). The letter of that law prohibits the use of &quot;foreign words and phrases which might induce semantic distortion of the information&quot;. (This is, of course, ambiguous. What if a foreign word is more precise? How do you tell between a loan word and a foreign (Ukrainian or Kazakh) word in Cyrillic script?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, the Federal Law on the State Language (&lt;a href=&quot;https://rg.ru/2005/06/07/yazyk-dok.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Федеральный закон &quot;О государственном языке Российской Федерации&quot; от 1 июня 2005 г. N 53-ФЗ&lt;/a&gt;) requires the use of the Russian language in advertising, but makes an exception for &quot;foreign words which do not have commonly used analogues in the Russian language&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In practice, every foreign word used in sales communications (except the official name of the company in the state registry, if grandfathered in before 53-FZ), needs a Russian translation or transcription. Even though many Russians can speak and read English and a vast majority can vocalize written English words, the law cannot privilege English over, say, Chinese or Tagalog. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11840" LastActivityDate="2019-05-07T13:19:09.647" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19566" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19562" CreationDate="2019-05-07T14:10:05.097" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Не помню, где я ее видел&quot; / &quot;Не помню, откуда я ее знаю.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-05-07T14:10:05.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18054" CreationDate="2019-05-07T18:39:25.220" Score="0" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No, English terms (&quot;Rare&quot;, &quot;Well done&quot; etc.) are still English. Russian terms (&quot;С кровью&quot;, &quot;Хорошо прожаренный&quot;) &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; (but not necessarily &lt;em&gt;will&lt;/em&gt;) be substitutes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Correct. &quot;Бифштекс&quot; was never a common dish in Russia. Even now, when steaks made their way into Russia, that's not what most people cook (or even know how to cook) at home.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, according to longstanding sanitary traditions, meat should always be &quot;well done&quot;. Most people would have read about &quot;бифштекс с кровью&quot;, but their first reaction upon seeing one was &quot;Ew!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-05-07T18:39:25.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19568" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-07T22:18:25.490" Score="2" ViewCount="98" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно расставить запятые в этом предложении?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он сдвигался, по мере роста, по крайней мере, последние триста лет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11843" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2019-05-08T12:12:44.257" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T13:52:40.450" Title="Он сдвигался, по мере роста, по крайней мере, последние триста лет" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19568" CreationDate="2019-05-08T06:00:31.283" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Он сдвигался по мере роста, по крайней мере, последние триста лет. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;По крайней мере&quot; is an introductory phrase, &quot;по мере роста&quot; is an adverbial modifier. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T06:00:31.283" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19568" CreationDate="2019-05-08T13:52:40.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Выделяются только вводные слова «по крайней мере», больше нет причины для запятых.&#xA;Два слова «мере» в одном предложении смотрятся плохо.Автору лучше заменить вводные слова, если возможно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T13:52:40.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14531" CreationDate="2019-05-08T17:23:51.573" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Миалгия — мышечная боль, возникающая после нагрузок или без видимой причины. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11845" LastActivityDate="2019-05-08T17:23:51.573" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19572" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19574" CreationDate="2019-05-09T12:32:01.127" Score="8" ViewCount="1752" Body="&lt;p&gt;Imagine I want to translate to Russian the word &quot;community of working writers&quot; such that &quot;writers&quot; means both male and female ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are obvious variants:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сообщество работающих литераторов и литераторш&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сообщество работающих писателей и писательниц&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both are so long that they can compete with German.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a word for &quot;writer&quot;, which is gender-neural and shorter than &quot;писатели и писательницы&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am fine with rarely used or archaic terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1640" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-09T14:00:39.643" LastActivityDate="2019-05-12T00:08:50.227" Title="Succinct and gender-neutral Russian word for &quot;writer&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;род&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19572" CreationDate="2019-05-09T13:12:51.213" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Currently in Russian collective designation of people engaged in the same profession or occupation defaults to the plural masculine form, in which case it becomes unisex even if a feminine form exists in the singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В русском языке названия профессий рабочих и должностей служащих&#xA;  выражаются формой мужского рода и в случаях, когда относятся к лицам&#xA;  женского пола в официально-деловом стиле. Существует небольшая группа&#xA;  имен существительных, которые образуют парные наименования женского&#xA;  рода, принятые в нейтральных стилях речи. В разговорном языке широко&#xA;  распространены названия профессий женского рода со суффиксами &lt;em&gt;–ша,&#xA;  -ха, -лка, -чка,&lt;/em&gt; которые содержат в себе оттенок пренебрежительности&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Многие имена существительные мужского рода, обозначающие лицо по&#xA;  профессии, занимаемой должности, выполняемой работе, занятию, ученому&#xA;  или почетному званию и т. д., в официально-деловом стиле сохраняют&#xA;  свою форму и в тех случаях, когда относятся к лицам женского пола,&#xA;  например: &lt;em&gt;педагог, токарь, геолог, физик, конструктор, новатор, судья,&#xA;  адвокат, доцент, кандидат наук, ветеран труда, лауреат международного&#xA;  конкурса, мастер спорта&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Во множественном числе грамматические значения рода не разграничиваются. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.unizd.hr/ruski/nastavnici-ce/eugenija-cuto&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;EUGENIJA ĆUTO&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://archive.is/vyXi8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;ΡOД ИМЕН СYЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ В НАЗВАНИЯХ ПΡOФЕСCИЙ&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, pp. 1, 2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;Thus &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Community of working writers = Сообщество работающих&#xA;  литераторов/писателей/мастеров пера&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;similar to English&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-11T19:00:21.217" LastActivityDate="2019-05-11T19:00:21.217" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19572" CreationDate="2019-05-09T13:19:47.050" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russia there's ongoing discussion - and it's getting quite fervent-  on whether so called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;feminitives&lt;/a&gt; (the English &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_marking_in_job_titles&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiki&lt;/a&gt; is called just &quot;Gender_marking_in_job_titles&quot;) should or shouldn't be used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike the German tradition of always using feminitives (I'm sticking to this word for the lack of a shorter term) in phrases like &quot;Enwtickler/in gesucht&quot; in Russia only particular words have equally used feminine forms but even in that case they quite often differ stylistically. Compare, for instance, &lt;code&gt;парикмахер&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;парикмахерша&lt;/code&gt; - both are used but the feminine one is quite colloquial. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ironically words &lt;code&gt;писательница&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;работница&lt;/code&gt; are one of few exceptions - they are actually used quite often and considered to be stylistically quite neutral. However for a Russian speaker something like &lt;code&gt;союз писателей и писательниц&lt;/code&gt;  or &lt;code&gt;клуб работников и работниц&lt;/code&gt; will sound strange. De-facto the masculine form will be used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="4714" LastEditDate="2019-05-11T05:36:20.433" LastActivityDate="2019-05-11T05:36:20.433" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19575" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-09T14:14:55.580" Score="0" ViewCount="49" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нужно ли тире перед &lt;code&gt;это&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А в свою очередь это делает то-то&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11848" LastActivityDate="2019-05-09T14:17:29.497" Title="А в свою очередь это делает то-то" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-05-09T14:28:04.700" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19575" CreationDate="2019-05-09T14:17:29.497" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нет. Тире нужно перед &quot;это&quot;, когда у нас есть подлежащее и сказуемое, выраженные существительными. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Глобус&lt;/strong&gt; - это &lt;strong&gt;чучело&lt;/strong&gt; земли. (с) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А в вашем примере &quot;это&quot; - подлежащее, &quot;делает&quot; - сказуемое. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-05-09T14:17:29.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19579" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19580" CreationDate="2019-05-10T17:04:16.823" Score="1" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does Russian have any verbs, whose past tense forms are based on the lexical root that differs from the lexical root of the infinitive form (by analogy with the Latin verb fero &gt; tuli)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11857" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-10T17:59:21.363" LastActivityDate="2019-07-17T19:05:13.830" Title="The lexical root of the past tense forms differrent from the lexical root of the infinitive form" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;супплетивизм&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19580" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19579" CreationDate="2019-05-10T18:06:10.600" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, cases of suppletive paradigms are in general very few and far between but &lt;a href=&quot;http://archive.is/v3xKd&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a little more frequent in nouns&lt;/a&gt; than in verbs, among which &lt;strong&gt;идти - шёл&lt;/strong&gt; is probably the only semblance thereof because it can't be branded as a classic case due to etymological reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another, tangentially related case is a case of aspectual pairs &lt;strong&gt;брать - взять&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;говорить - сказать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ловить - поймать&lt;/strong&gt; where verbs of different aspects, contrary to the expectations and the norm, derive from different roots.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-07-17T19:05:13.830" LastActivityDate="2019-07-17T19:05:13.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19583" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-10T19:59:52.140" Score="3" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если прямая речь включает начало фразы, описывающей услышанные стихи, и одно четверостишие из самого стихотворения, то требуют ли правила прерывать прямую речь, вроде:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Я услышала такое в стихах:&quot; -- сказала она.&#xA;&#xA;Раз два три четыре пять&#xA;Я иду искать&#xA;&#xA;&quot;И я сразу вспомнила что-то&quot;.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или же правила требуют оставить всё это одним блоком прямой речи? В это случае &quot;сказала она&quot; и &quot;я&quot; во второй прямой речи автор бы пропустила:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;Я услышала такое в стихах:&#xA;&#xA;Раз два три четыре пять&#xA;Я иду искать&#xA;&#xA;И сразу вспомнила что-то&quot;, -- сказала она.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11860" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-05-10T22:05:36.193" LastActivityDate="2019-05-11T19:46:04.160" Title="Прямая речь, которая включает четверостишие" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19583" CreationDate="2019-05-11T04:51:33.507" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Я услышала такое в стихах, — сказала она. — «Раз, два, три, четыре, пять — я иду искать». И сразу вспомнила что-то.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оформляется прямая речь обычно так. Цитируемое стихотворение включается в кавычках в этот же блок. Если перенесете слова автора в конец, то немного другой вариант с двоеточием.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Я услышала такое в стихах: «Раз, два, три, четыре, пять — я иду искать». И сразу вспомнила что-то, — сказала она.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2019-05-11T06:28:36.467" LastActivityDate="2019-05-11T06:28:36.467" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19585" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19586" CreationDate="2019-05-11T12:07:44.607" Score="1" ViewCount="43" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have read a number of constructions such as моей жене скучно слушать музыку and вам трудно понимать русскую прессу? They all seem to have the form dative adverb infinitive.&#xA;Are there only certain infinitives which can have this construction e.g. смотреть, говорить, читать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastActivityDate="2019-05-11T12:35:07.627" Title="Construction dative noun/pronoun then adverb then infinitive" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19585" CreationDate="2019-05-11T12:35:07.627" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, any infinitive can accept object in Dative just like the English construction   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;It's + adverb + for me + infinitive&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The construction just means that doing something for you (or anyone denoted by a (pro)noun in Dative) has the quality expressed by the adverb. E.g.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;It's&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;hard&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;for me&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;to agree&lt;/strong&gt; - Мне тяжело согласиться&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;It's&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;embarrassing&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;for them&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;to admit&lt;/strong&gt; - Им стыдно признаться&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;It's&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;too late&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;for him&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;to change&lt;/strong&gt; - Ему слишком поздно меняться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-05-11T12:35:07.627" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19587" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19588" CreationDate="2019-05-11T15:06:22.513" Score="2" ViewCount="114" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm still confused about these two verbs. Can someone lay out the differences between them and when to use each? So far all I've been able to gather is that &lt;strong&gt;слушать&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;to listen&lt;/em&gt; whereas &lt;strong&gt;слышать&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;to hear&lt;/em&gt;, but I haven't found any examples to sort of help me distinguish their usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-11T17:52:31.560" LastActivityDate="2019-05-11T17:52:31.560" Title="Usage of &quot;слушать&quot; and &quot;слышать&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19587" CreationDate="2019-05-11T16:24:45.503" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You understand the difference correctly. Слушать is to listen, слышать is to hear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я слушаю музыку. I am listening to music. Я слышу музыку. I hear some music.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first is a process. The second is a result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты меня слышишь?Do you hear me? Ты меня слушаешь? Are you listening to me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-05-11T16:24:45.503" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19589" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-11T18:49:41.773" Score="4" ViewCount="66" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ставится ли запятая в предложениях, подобных:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он ел пряники и пироги и пил чай.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Первое и в одном списке, а второе - в другом. Мне кажется, запятая перед вторым союзом и не нужна, поскольку в каждом списке лишь один.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11863" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-11T20:25:50.867" LastActivityDate="2019-05-15T09:58:41.400" Title="Запятые при соединенных союзом &quot;и&quot; вложенных списках" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19583" CreationDate="2019-05-11T19:46:04.160" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quotation marks are generally not inserted for any intervention, be it end of paragraph or author's speech:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Она глупа, - заметила я. - И слепа&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;...Она глупа.&lt;br&gt;И слепа к тому же&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I trust verses should be no exception to the general trend, and thus the second version is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2019-05-11T19:46:04.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19589" CreationDate="2019-05-11T20:18:54.707" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Никаких запятых не требуется, потому что однородные члены относятся к разным группам: &lt;em&gt;пряники и пироги&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ел и пил&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-05-11T20:18:54.707" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19572" CreationDate="2019-05-12T00:08:50.227" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Фразу &quot;community of working writers&quot; вполне можно перевести как &quot;сообщество пишущих&quot;. В подходящем контексте (да, пожалуй, и без него) смысл передаётся точно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-05-12T00:08:50.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19593" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19594" CreationDate="2019-05-12T02:18:39.580" Score="4" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bumped into this news title today:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/576SM.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/576SM.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if &quot;51-летний&quot; correct in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not, which adjective would be the right one to convey the same meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes, how do I pronounce it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither &quot;пятидесятиоднолетний&quot;, nor &quot;пятидесятиодногодовалый&quot; sounds right to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2019-05-13T11:16:52.893" Title="Is &quot;51-летний&quot; correct in Russian?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19593" CreationDate="2019-05-12T03:41:45.240" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's absolutely valid Russian and it'a pronounced &quot;пятидесятиоднолетний&quot;. Those adjectives respond to the question &quot;сколько летний&quot; and more popular (though considered colloquial) form &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;скольки&lt;/a&gt; летний&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This class of adjectives can be used both with animate and inanimate nouns with the only exception - &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;годовалый&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (оr одногодовалый) and it’s derivatives - двухгодовалый, трёхгодовалый etc. - is used for 1-year child or animal, while &quot;однолетний&quot; is used in other cases. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;годовалый&quot;-form is interchangeably used with &lt;code&gt;-летний&lt;/code&gt; form for smaller numbers, so you can encounter both, say, &quot;пятигодовалый&quot; and &quot;пятилетний&quot; but you hardly ever see &quot;тридцативухгодовалый&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last thing I can add regarding this issue that I always missed the Polish noun-form, they, for instance, can say something like &quot;zginął 34-latek&quot;, which is shorter. In Russian we have words like &quot;трёхлетка&quot; or &quot;пятилетка&quot; but they are basically used only for designating period of time.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2019-05-12T10:31:58.150" LastActivityDate="2019-05-12T10:31:58.150" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19595" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19596" CreationDate="2019-05-12T03:49:45.197" Score="4" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dose the infinitive form for &quot;мрут&quot; exist in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они &lt;strong&gt;бегают&lt;/strong&gt; как лошади.   -- &lt;strong&gt;бегать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они &lt;strong&gt;дерутся&lt;/strong&gt; как львы.    -- &lt;strong&gt;драться&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они &lt;strong&gt;мрут&lt;/strong&gt; как мухи.       --        ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2019-05-12T05:00:52.343" Title="Infinitive of &quot;мрут&quot;" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19595" CreationDate="2019-05-12T04:17:39.447" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This from is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;мереть&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; but in modern Russian the infinitive form is virtually non-existent, my guess would be that some of native speakers will even fail to recognize that form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &lt;code&gt;мереть&lt;/code&gt;, unlike &lt;code&gt;умирать&lt;/code&gt; apart from dying has also other meaning, it's synonymous to &quot;замирать&quot; (to freeze). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-12T05:00:52.343" LastActivityDate="2019-05-12T05:00:52.343" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19597" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19598" CreationDate="2019-05-12T06:50:00.103" Score="3" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently, I somewhat remade a sentence from Ночной Дозор, to practice my participles:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Де́мон откры́л пасть оска́ливая клыки́.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My friend, however, said that I should have used the past participle here – оскалив, because my way “режет ухо”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Until this point I assumed that participles work in Russian as they do in Polish – present participle expresses simultaneity, while the past participle expresses a sequence in the past. This would mean that showing fangs preceeded opening the mouth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So: can Russian past participle express simultaneity?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8679" LastActivityDate="2019-05-12T07:28:21.620" Title="Can past participle express simultaneity?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;adverbial-participle&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19597" CreationDate="2019-05-12T07:28:21.620" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your friend is wrong - you can use past participle, but nothing stops you from using its present counterpart. I'm not sure  what are rigorously described rules for this however it definitely sound natural for Russian speaker. This kind of constructions by their very nature are stylistically more bookish (irregardless of whether one will use present or past tense), however you can find a lot of examples in existing literature. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some real examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Все там же будем,-- сказал Герасим, оскаливая свои белые, сплошные&#xA;  мужицкие зубы. [Л.Н. Толстой, &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://az.lib.ru/t/tolstoj_lew_nikolaewich/text_0136.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Смерть Ивана Ильича&lt;/a&gt;&quot;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Один лишь тралмейстер вскочил на крышку люка и что-то кричал в рубку, показывая на &#xA;  спущенный трал. [Г.В. Кубанский - &lt;a href=&quot;http://militera.lib.ru/prose/russian/kubansky_g/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Команда осталась на судне&quot;]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rule of thumb here will be that if, thinking of the phrase you'd rather use gerund in English - stick to present participle. Like: &quot;She smiled widely and showed her teeth&quot; (показав) and &quot;she smiled widely thus showing her teeth&quot; (показывая).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-05-12T07:28:21.620" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19599" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19600" CreationDate="2019-05-12T14:29:49.337" Score="6" ViewCount="476" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my russian grammar book I have the following examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;За десять километров от Москвы. &#xA;В ста километрах от Москвы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть ли разница между &quot;за ... от&quot; и &quot;в ... от&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо заранее&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11865" LastActivityDate="2019-05-12T15:17:34.737" Title="What's the difference between &quot;за ... от&quot; and &quot;в ... от&quot;?" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19599" CreationDate="2019-05-12T15:17:34.737" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, there's a small difference in usage. With the reference to a place you can use both combinations of prepositions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дом отдыха находился в ста километрах/за сто километров от Москвы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But only the first one (за...от ) can be used with the verbs of movement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Детей увезли  за сто километров от Москвы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-05-12T15:17:34.737" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19602" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19603" CreationDate="2019-05-13T09:14:30.780" Score="3" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;p&gt;На викисловаре есть &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zero#Translations_4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;два перевода английского глагола zero&lt;/a&gt;. Суть &quot;обнулить&quot; и &quot;настраивать на нуль&quot;. Насколько я вижу, &quot;настраивать на нуль&quot; гораздо реже чем &quot;обнулить&quot;, но я &lt;strike&gt;об&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt; этом не полностью уверен. А есть между этими двумя выражениями семантическая разница?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2019-05-14T07:40:24.137" LastActivityDate="2019-05-14T07:40:24.137" Title="&quot;Oбнулить&quot; и &quot;настраивать на нуль&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19602" CreationDate="2019-05-13T09:35:46.820" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Настраивать на нуль&quot; (или на &quot;ноль&quot;) - это узкоспециальный инженерный термин, можно настраивать на нуль, например, микрометр, но нельзя настроить на нуль результаты прошлого месяца - а обнулить можно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Обнулить&lt;/code&gt; ближе к отменить, сделать нерелевантным (это помимо, разумеется, основного значения - &quot;присвоить нуль&quot;), &lt;code&gt;настроить на нуль&lt;/code&gt; - откалибровать, сбросив нестандартные настройки. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-13T11:51:15.763" LastActivityDate="2019-05-13T11:51:15.763" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19593" CreationDate="2019-05-13T11:16:52.893" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;51-летний is completely correct. Common pronunciation is like &quot;питидисьтиадналетний&quot;. &quot;Пятидесятиоднолетний&quot; sounds more like Belarus people pronounce it. 'Я' in Russian in many cases would sound like 'и' or 'e' but in Belarus they pronounce it as it's written.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example is 'лягушка' (frog): in Russian it would be pronounced like 'лигушка' or 'легушка' whether it would be pronounced as it's written in Belarus or Ukraine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11871" LastActivityDate="2019-05-13T11:16:52.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19602" CreationDate="2019-05-13T12:20:16.963" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Настраивать на нуль&quot;&lt;/em&gt; - это, прежде всего, &lt;em&gt;&quot;настраивать&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. Если про некоторую деятельность можно сказать &lt;em&gt;&quot;настраивать&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, а результатом этой деятельности должен быть нуль - то про эту деятельность можно сказать &lt;em&gt;&quot;настраивать на нуль&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Обнулить&lt;/em&gt; - более общее понятие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7223" LastActivityDate="2019-05-13T12:20:16.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19602" CreationDate="2019-05-13T14:03:37.287" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Обнулить&lt;/em&gt; предполагает, что есть какое-то значение, которое делается равным нулю. Т.е. некое значение существует до операции ОБНУЛЕНИЯ. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Настроить на ноль&lt;/em&gt; - может быть и до существования значения, до эксплуатации. Т.е. что-либо выставляется на ноль (может быть что угодно). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2019-05-13T14:03:37.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19602" CreationDate="2019-05-13T19:15:35.667" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;We don't use &quot;настраивать на ноль&quot; anymore, I doubt that I even heard this in my life. Обнулить - it's like reset (for example: обнулить счёт (reset score)), настраивать на ноль - it's more like technical (for example: настроить электрическую волну на ноль (configure electrical wave on zero)).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11875" LastActivityDate="2019-05-13T19:15:35.667" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19608" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19609" CreationDate="2019-05-14T08:22:43.843" Score="3" ViewCount="537" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently, small wearable devices have become popular to track vital parameters, such as walked distance, heartbeat rate, calorie consumption and quality of sleep. There is a variety of names for those devices, for example &lt;code&gt;Activity Tracker&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Smart Bracelet&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Fitness Tracker&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I wonder, what is a common Russian word for such a device?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from obvious Anglicisms like &lt;code&gt;Трекер активности&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Фитнес трекер&lt;/code&gt;, is there any &lt;em&gt;better&lt;/em&gt; Russian word or descriptive term for such a device (e.g. &lt;em&gt;bracelet for tracking vital parameters&lt;/em&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5998" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-14T10:30:37.507" LastActivityDate="2019-05-15T07:38:57.060" Title="Word for &quot;activity tracker&quot; or &quot;smart bracelet&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19609" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19608" CreationDate="2019-05-14T09:26:24.590" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yandex (Russian's biggest search engine) finds about 3 millions pages for &lt;code&gt;фитнес-браслет&lt;/code&gt; search query and about 2 millions for &lt;code&gt;фитнес-трекер&lt;/code&gt;. Those are two most popular terms and all other counterparts (including etymologically, let's put it this way &quot;more Russian&quot; ones) and not even close that frequently used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;code&gt;шагомер&lt;/code&gt; (it's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;derivative&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;code&gt;шаг&lt;/code&gt;, a step and &lt;code&gt;-мер&lt;/code&gt;, an ending used for tools that are measuring something) mentioned by @Arhad is also used frequently enough to be recognized buy search engines. One can search for &lt;code&gt;купить шагомер&lt;/code&gt; and find offers on exactly fitness trackers. It's just that &lt;code&gt;шагомер&lt;/code&gt; is not necessarily a device in a smart watch factor. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also a Latin-based counterpart for &lt;code&gt;шагомер&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;педометр&lt;/code&gt; but it's used even more rare. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-15T07:38:57.060" LastActivityDate="2019-05-15T07:38:57.060" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19608" CreationDate="2019-05-14T09:45:30.040" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most common short form is just &quot;трекер&quot;. There are no other common things that can be called in this way in Russian. &quot;Фитнесс&quot; part is excessive, but is used as official name in retail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Трекер активности&quot; - is never used for this device, because &quot;активность&quot; is extremely general and scientific in Russian and most likely will be understood as designation of some radioactivity gauge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11878" LastEditorUserId="5998" LastEditDate="2019-05-14T18:21:53.543" LastActivityDate="2019-05-14T18:21:53.543" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19611" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19612" CreationDate="2019-05-14T21:35:04.730" Score="2" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the very beginning of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ted.com/talks/benjamin_zander_on_music_and_passion&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this TED talk,&lt;/a&gt; somebody translated the expression&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Glorious opportunity!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Удача века!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but I couldn't find this expression anywhere else. Is it common? or at least does it convey the intended meaning well? any alternatives?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11628" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2019-05-14T21:39:47.917" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T07:04:44.210" Title="Is there such an expression as &quot;удача века&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19611" CreationDate="2019-05-14T21:59:20.913" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's difficult to translate into idiomatic Russian while staying true to the original, so the translator needs to get creative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most vapid rendering i can offhand come up with is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Великолепная возможность / Великолепный шанс&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Attributive use of the word &lt;strong&gt;век&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;века&lt;/strong&gt; is a customary device to express in Russian uniqueness, rarity, singularity, significance of an event, e.g. &lt;strong&gt;ограбление века&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;процесс века&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One in my opinion good fully idiomatic rendering which after a while popped up in my head would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Звёздный час&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-16T07:04:44.210" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T07:04:44.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19613" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-14T22:16:41.850" Score="2" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Должен&lt;/strong&gt; is one of the most fundamental Russian modals and is impossibly difficult for me, even more than the modal &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt; was before I asked here a &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/19539&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; about the latter. I received so thoughtful, useful, and inspiring answers about &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt; that I got strongly tempted to ask about &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; in order to get as enlightened as I got about &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt; and in order to better understand your wonderful language and your unique way of thinking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Giving in to the temptation, I am now bashfully describing my tremendous difficulties with the modal &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; and humbly asking you to explain this modal in a way tailored to my difficulties. Please kindly do not judge me too harshly for my inability to understand this fundamental Russian modal, because it is apparently my cultural ways of thinking that are preventing me from understanding it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to start with the following sentences, which I just found in Google as illustrative examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Сань, не уходи, не бойся, он не &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; сломать вольер! (&lt;a href=&quot;http://jardanka.narod.ru/glava9.files/glava9s.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Всего до конца года Россия &lt;strong&gt;должна&lt;/strong&gt; выплатить МВФ более трех с половиной миллиардов долларов по ранее выданным кредитам. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://lenta.ru/news/2000/03/17/vyplaty&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) А вот граждане просто не &lt;strong&gt;должны&lt;/strong&gt; давать взятки. Тогда и брать будет нечего. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amur.info/news/2005/12/19/24603&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Если кто-то хочет получить от врачей в больнице квалифицированную медицинскую помощь, то он &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; дать взятку, так как система бесплатного медицинского обслуживания финансируется не в полном объеме. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://neftegaz.ru/news/politics/337910-putin-zalez-v-opustevshuyu-gosudarstvennuyu-kaznu/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) &amp;quot;Если главный редактор Константин Ремчуков берет деньги за выход статьи в &amp;quot;Независимой газете&amp;quot;, он &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; сидеть в тюрьме&amp;quot;, – заявил 16 марта в эфире радиостанции &amp;quot;Эхо Москвы&amp;quot; председатель совета директоров Mirax Group Сергей Полонский. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://lenizdat.ru/articles/1072588&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these sentences the modal &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; appears to behave like a super chameleon that changes its color to the most drastic extent. In the first sentence this modal appears to mean a conviction that something will actually happen (with negation in this particular case), acting as a future tense modal, in the second - a debt, in the third - an ethical norm, in the fourth - one's own necessity from the practical standpoint, and in the fifth - the order of things. Sentence (3) says that people &lt;strong&gt;должны&lt;/strong&gt; not bribe, whilst Sentence (4) - that they &lt;strong&gt;должны&lt;/strong&gt; bribe, and Sentence (5) - that they &lt;strong&gt;должны&lt;/strong&gt; get imprisoned for that. Being both puzzled and amazed, I cannot understand how you manage to express everything by one single word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am so much confused about this. In my culture, 義理 and 人情 are absolutely opposite things and correspond to precisely opposite feelings with respect to each other, being like the North and South Pole on the globe of feelings, but you seem to express the sense of duty to others and the opposite feeling (the sense of internal need) by one and the same word. For example, in Sentence (3) the modal &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; appears to express the sense of duty to others, whilst in Sentence (4) - the sense of internal need. Furthermore, typing &lt;strong&gt;he must&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;he should&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;he owes&lt;/strong&gt; in Google Translator, I get one and the same translation to Russian, &lt;strong&gt;oн должен&lt;/strong&gt;, and three different translations to Japanese. Given that words are connected to feelings, I cannot imagine how so different feelings can be expressed by one and the same word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is only thanks to the very telling contexts that I apparently managed to understand Sentences (1)-(5), and I often cannot understand phrases with &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; even despite my best efforts. I would like to show you a few examples of such situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6) &lt;strong&gt;Должен&lt;/strong&gt; ли парень платить за девушку на свидании? (&lt;strong&gt;Должен&lt;/strong&gt; the guy pay for the girl on a date?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question, with slight variations like &lt;strong&gt;должен ли мужчина платить за женщину&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;должен ли парень платить за девушку в кафе&lt;/strong&gt;, is often used as a title or a survey question and therefore must be clear to every Russian as it stands by itself even despite that there is no context whatsoever besides the guy, the girl, a date, and paying.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To explain you my confusion, I would like to show the first three interpretations that came to my mind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6a) In the ideal order of things, does the guy pay for the girl on a date, or what does the sense of fairness suggest?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6b) Do the existing cultural norms prescribe paying for the girl on a date?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6c) Considering things from the practical standpoint of the guy's interests, that is, from the standpoint of increasing chances of successfully starting a good romantic relationship with the girl, is the guy's best course of action to pay for the girl on a date, given the actual mentality of girls?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Interpretation (6a) the person to whom Question (6) is addressed is offered the role of judge, whilst in Interpretation (6b) - of cultural guide, and in Interpretation (6c) - of the guy's adviser. These three interpretations reflect,  respectively, the sense of fairness, sense of duty, and sense of inner need.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the huge differences between the interpretations, I got puzzled as to which is correct, but apparently none is, as I realized when I read how Russians answer Question (6):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6d) Я считаю каждый &lt;strong&gt;уважающий себя&lt;/strong&gt; парень должен заплатить за девушку. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ask.fm/VladislavM45/answers/124032071350&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6e) Тем не менее первая встреча бывает во многом показательной, поэтому у обеих сторон может возникнуть понимание, что продолжение отношений вряд ли возможно. Но это не является поводом, чтобы девушка доставала кошелек и оплачивала счет в ресторане. &lt;strong&gt;Уважающий себя&lt;/strong&gt; мужчина и в случае неудачного рандеву будет действовать в рамках правил хорошего тона. Ответ на вопрос, должен ли парень платить за девушку на первом свидании, однозначен: да. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://fb.ru/article/472175/doljen-li-paren-platit-za-devushku-v-restorane-v-kino&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These answers suggest that the question is about self-respect and sounds to Russians as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6f) Does a normal guy have enough self-respect to feel obligated to pay for the girl on a date?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I am still very unsure, especially because I saw an article that gives the following answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6g) Как и во многих утверждениях по типу «парень должен» — парень не должен. Ты можешь заплатить за девушку, а можешь не платить. Правила, по которым ты определяешь «платить или не платить», определяешь ты сам. И придерживаешься их потом. Да, вот это одно из немногих утверждений по типу «парень должен», в котором парень действительно должен. Парень должен придерживаться правил, которые он установил для себя сам. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rmes.spb.ru/dolzhen-li-paren-platit-za-devushku&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This answer made me very puzzled. This truly mind-blowing logical construction with five &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; and two &lt;strong&gt;можешь&lt;/strong&gt; may be a key to understanding how &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; works in the Russian way of thinking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am aware that in English it is often asked, &lt;strong&gt;Should the guy pay for everything on a date&lt;/strong&gt;, but the original Russian question (6) appears to mean a different thing, as I never saw English-speaking authors answering in terms of self-respect or obligation. They rather give advice. I humbly guess a proper Russian translation of the English version is &lt;strong&gt;стоит/следует/советуете ли парню платить за девушку&lt;/strong&gt;. The question with &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; appears to be about something different, but I am unsure what it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The list of phrases I do not understand goes on and on:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(7) Почему каждая женщина &lt;strong&gt;должна&lt;/strong&gt; уметь флиртовать: мужской взгляд (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wmj.ru/otnosheniya/muzhskoy-vzglyad/muzhskoi-vzglyad-pochemu-umet-flirtovat-neobkhodimo-kazhdoi-zhenshine.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(8) &lt;strong&gt;Должен&lt;/strong&gt; ли Путин уйти? (&lt;a href=&quot;http://newsland.com/community/politic/content/dolzhen-li-putin-uiti/3162722&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(9) Я &lt;strong&gt;должна&lt;/strong&gt; была быть мужчиной (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.stihi.ru/2015/10/10/4549&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And so on. How can I learn to interpret such phrases? Phrases (7)-(9) are titles and must be clear by themselves, but are very puzzling for me. In Phrase (7), is &lt;strong&gt;должна&lt;/strong&gt; an expectation of the author about women, a need of women, a wish of men, advice to women, the ideal order of things, or what? In Phrase (8), is &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; a prediction, advice to Putin,  an ethical necessity, or what? And Phrase (9) made me especially puzzled - &lt;strong&gt;I should have been a man&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;I must have been a man&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;I had to be a man&lt;/strong&gt;, or what does it mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another part of my difficulties with &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; is that with this modal meaning everything in Russian, I am unsure how I can make proper Russian translations of thoughts like this one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(10) People &lt;strong&gt;shouldn't&lt;/strong&gt; bribe, but sometimes they &lt;strong&gt;must&lt;/strong&gt;. If the bribe is accepted, the bribe taker &lt;strong&gt;owes&lt;/strong&gt; it to the bribe giver to help him in a way in which the bribe taker &lt;strong&gt;shouldn't&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;isn't obligated&lt;/strong&gt; to help. If the bribe taker accepts the bribe but refuses to help, and if the bribe giver is backed by mafia, its members then &lt;strong&gt;have to&lt;/strong&gt; explain the bribe taker that he &lt;strong&gt;must&lt;/strong&gt; do what he &lt;strong&gt;owes&lt;/strong&gt; to the bribe giver.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; everywhere in a Russian translation of Text (10) would make no sense, so I am at a loss as to how I can properly translate Text (10) to Russian as succinctly as possible, without expanding the text by tedious explanations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could you explain this impossibly difficult modal &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; in a way tailored to my difficulties? I humbly hope to get enlightened by your wisdom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: Prompted by the respected user @shabunc , I am clarifying precisely what I want to ask: How do you understand the concept of this modal in terms of meaning, feelings, and/or way of thinking, the concept that logically unites so many entirely different meanings under a single umbrella, and manage to unmistakenly interpret this chameleon-like modal in expressions like Phrases (6)-(9) and to make precise but succinct Russian translations of texts like Text (10), which contain various English verbs corresponding to different meanings of &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;should&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;must&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;owe&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;be obligated to&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;have to&lt;/strong&gt;? [If possible, I would like to see a cut-and-dried concept of this modal and how this concept works for Phrases (6)-(9).]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-15T06:49:15.757" Title="The impossibly difficult modal &quot;должен&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="14" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-05-15T03:06:21.263" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19611" CreationDate="2019-05-15T06:21:24.193" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's strange that they (or maybe it was a translation by a robot) use Удача = luck, success, lucky chance, and Век = century, era, period of time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Glorious opportunity! - Прекрасная возможность, отличная возможность, хорошая возможность, отличный шанс... - many ways to translate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2019-05-15T06:21:24.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19615" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19608" CreationDate="2019-05-15T06:28:03.887" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It may look strange but some people prefer to just use the word БРАСЛЕТ or ЧАСЫ for this kind of device. From the context it's usually clear what they mean. In casual talks they tend not to use complicated marketing names as &lt;em&gt;трекер&lt;/em&gt;, and use simpler words for description. But that's not for shop terms, if you need a marketing term you can just find it at an online shop site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2019-05-15T06:28:03.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19611" CreationDate="2019-05-15T07:31:08.900" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, literary this expression is right and people will understand you but as a native speaker I can say that we rarely use precisely &quot;Удача века&quot; as expression - maybe it would be the same as if someone near you will say &quot;luck of the century&quot; - you will understand but it would be unusual for your ears.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for actual alternatives - прекрасная / великолепная возможность and we can say невероятная удача (incredible luck) but I didn't understand why they translated opportunity (возможность) into удача (luck).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11875" LastActivityDate="2019-05-15T07:31:08.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19589" CreationDate="2019-05-15T09:58:41.400" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;В таком написании запятые не нужны, но так не очень правильно писать, т.к. сложно сразу понять какое слово к какой группе относится. Это стилистическая ошибка - желательно избегать разнородных повторяющихся союзов в предложении (например, так: &quot;он выбежал из-за камня из-за меня&quot; (he ran from stone becase of me) - грамматически верно, стилистически - нет). &#xA;Лучше сформулировать так: &quot;Он ел пряники, пироги и пил чай&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11878" LastActivityDate="2019-05-15T09:58:41.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19539" CreationDate="2019-05-15T11:20:29.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will try to explain it in a simple way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian verbs &lt;em&gt;мочь&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;должен&lt;/em&gt;  describe a situation person ended up in, not the person himself or his attitude. And it doesn't matter why said person ended up in this state. So &lt;em&gt;мочь&lt;/em&gt; is closer to english word &quot;able&quot;, than to &quot;can&quot; or &quot;may&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it may be silly to say in English &quot;Is Putin able to transfer two islands to Japan?&quot; - it is the logic of a Russian languge (there are a lot of subsences and inclines, wich are commonly translated with &quot;may&quot; or &quot;can&quot; words, but they are &quot;next level of understanding&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same story with &quot;должен&quot; word. I do not know neutral anolog in English, but just keep in mind that Russian (and other europian languages) has little or no &quot;second plain of meaning&quot; and more direct than eastern languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. On second thought, the most exect translation of (7) is: &quot;May it happen that Puttin will transfer two islands to Japan?&quot;. And for &quot;Забор не должен упасть&quot; - &quot;It must not happen that the fance falls&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11878" LastActivityDate="2019-05-15T11:20:29.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19619" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19620" CreationDate="2019-05-15T17:11:30.530" Score="2" ViewCount="199" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I was doing an exercise, which was to translate a small text about playing Go to Russian and contained the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;そのうちに私は勝っていた碁を負けてしまったのだが、紙屋は、&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;「いかがですもう一石、もう一石願いましょう。」&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I got puzzled how to properly express in Russian the first part, whose meaning is: &amp;quot;In the meantime I lost the game I had been winning.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not knowing any standard way of expressing such things in Russian, I eventually decided to use a number of additional words in order to precisely convey the original meaning and be sure that my translation sounds good, but I am still curious whether there was a better solution and whether there is a universal succinct grammatical construction in Russian for phrases like &lt;strong&gt;had been winning&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would the native speakers translate that part as well as the following example sentence to Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He brought the fish she had long been grilling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, an accurate translation of this sentence must unambiguously convey that she had been grilling, not had grilled well in advance, and that he brought the fish after it was grilled, not before, that is, he did not bring the fresh fish for grilling, but he brought the grilled fish for eating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T12:01:05.227" Title="How can I translate expressions like &quot;had been winning&quot; to Russian?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;tense&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19619" CreationDate="2019-05-15T17:37:08.487" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no &lt;em&gt;Past Perfect&lt;/em&gt; in Russian. You will have to use additional words, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Так я проиграл игру, которую &lt;strong&gt;вот было уже&lt;/strong&gt; выигрывал.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он принес рыбу, которую она &lt;strong&gt;незадолго до этого&lt;/strong&gt; приготовила.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он принес рыбу, которую она долго готовила &lt;strong&gt;вплоть до прихода гостей&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, if you want to preserve as much of the original semantics as possible:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он принес рыбу, которую она &lt;strong&gt;вплоть до этого момента долго&lt;/strong&gt; готовила на гриле.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in most cases that would be too much detail. Generally, such temporal subtleties can be dropped without introducing too much ambiguity:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он принес приготовленную ею рыбу.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2019-05-23T12:01:05.227" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T12:01:05.227" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19619" CreationDate="2019-05-15T20:57:56.943" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Direct translation:&#xA;Он принес рыбу, которую она перед этим долго готовила.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About game:&#xA;direct translation:&#xA;Тем временем я проиграл партию, которую перед этим выигрывал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;free:&#xA;Я вёл в партии, но проиграл.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6790" LastActivityDate="2019-05-15T20:57:56.943" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19623" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-16T06:33:54.457" Score="2" ViewCount="181" Body="&lt;p&gt;(I searched this site, and others, but couldn't find this question asked elsewhere. Apologies if it's been answered here already.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If my Russian boss is a woman, and I'm asking questions using the past tense, which of these is correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Где Вы жили?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...or...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Где Вы жила?  (&amp;lt;---- the 'a' ending to reflect that she is a woman)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My (non-native) ear says the first is correct, but I've encountered versions of #2.  (Examples below taken from &quot;reverso context&quot; site)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;Это же киноактёр! &lt;strong&gt;Вы работала&lt;/strong&gt; горничной и у них тоже.&gt;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;&amp;lt;Судя по этому письму, &lt;strong&gt;вы хотела&lt;/strong&gt; создать документальный фильм, на основе видео последнего прыжка Артуро.&gt;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance for any insight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11884" LastActivityDate="2019-05-18T19:46:16.043" Title="Speaking formally to a woman" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19623" CreationDate="2019-05-16T06:53:40.163" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;When we say &quot;Вы&quot; addressing a person of whatever gender the corresponding verb must always be in plural, that is end with &quot;и&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &quot;Где Вы жили? Где Вы были вчера? Что Вы кушали на завтрак&quot;? - it's the same to say to woman / man - because &quot;Вы&quot; hasn't got any gender, it's just plural form that we use also when speak with respect. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11875" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-18T19:46:16.043" LastActivityDate="2019-05-18T19:46:16.043" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19625" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19623" CreationDate="2019-05-16T08:23:33.180" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The form of a verb must always be consistent  be consistent with noun or pronoun. So your ear is right. You should use first form and those examples you have found are erroneous. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some dialects where it is possible to say &quot;Вы пошёл домой&quot; but even there it is informal form for addressing old relatives or other well-known persons (not so formal but with deep respect). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T08:23:33.180" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19562" CreationDate="2019-05-16T08:44:41.663" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a colloquiall verb for this: &quot;упомнить&quot;, &quot;припромнить&quot;. &quot;Her&quot; pronoun is ommited&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a liitle difference in usage (I do not know english terms):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сложносочинённое предложение:&#xA;- &quot;Не могу припомнить, но её лицо смутно знакомо&quot;&#xA;- &quot;Не припоминаю, но её лицо смутно знакомо&quot;&#xA;&#xA;Сложноподчинённое предложение:&#xA;- &quot;Не могу припомнить, где я её видел&quot;&#xA;- &quot;Не могу упомнить, где я её видел&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T08:44:41.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19524" CreationDate="2019-05-16T08:59:00.340" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Short answer: only with prefixes. &quot;Отъедать&quot;, &quot;отыгрывать&quot;, &quot;проедать&quot;, &quot;проигрывать&quot; (has two meanings: to suffer defeat and to play through. Ex. &quot;чем будете проигрывать X или 0?&quot;, &quot;Я буду проигрывать эту музыку в свой голове снова и снова&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T08:59:00.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19628" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19633" CreationDate="2019-05-16T12:15:58.030" Score="0" ViewCount="412" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let us compare the following two sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) If I had enough money with me, I would order shark fin soup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) If I had had enough money with me, I would have ordered shark fin soup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both conditionals are hypothetical, but there is a principal difference between them: The first sentence is an open hypothetical conditional statement and can be said, for example, in a restaurant, whilst the second sentence is about an unfulfilled past situation and can be said, for example, after visiting a restaurant, when it is already too late to order the soup.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The standard Russian grammatical construction for hypothetical statements makes no distinction between Cases (1) and (2):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) Если бы у меня было с собой достаточно денег, я бы заказала суп из акульих плавников.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am curious whether there is an elegant universal solution in Russian to make it clear that the statement is about an unfulfilled past situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, when you use the standard construction like in Sentence (3), the meaning is often already clear from the context, and when it is not, it is often possible to use a simple lexical solution tailored to the context. For example, if I am talking about a past resturant visit and need to say Sentence (2) in Russian, I can say as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Если бы &lt;strong&gt;тогда&lt;/strong&gt; у меня было с собой достаточно денег, я бы &lt;strong&gt;там&lt;/strong&gt; заказала суп из акульих плавников.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what solution should I use if I want to tell a Russian friend of mine the following thing:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) If you had had invited me, I would have visited you in Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The message is that he had an opportunity to get visited by me. He only needed to invite me, but now  it is too late to do so, because, for example, I am simply not interested anymore. If I translate Sentence (5) to Russian by using the standard Russian grammatical construction for hypothetical statements, I will get this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6) Если бы ты меня пригласил, я бы приехала к тебе в гости в Россию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This translation, unless supplemented by additional words, is wrong, because my friend will think that he still has on opportunity to get visited by me. He will see Sentence (6) as a suggestion to invite me now. But this is not the intended meaning. It is too late to invite me. The opportunity has gone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I do not know how I can elegantly but precisely translate Sentence (5) to Russian. I think that inserting &lt;strong&gt;тогда&lt;/strong&gt; after &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; in both parts of Sentence (6) will make my conversation partner puzzled unless he and I are explicitly talking about a specific moment or a time period to which he can connect the word &lt;strong&gt;тогда&lt;/strong&gt;. I simply want to say that he had an opportunity in an unspecified time period in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The specific question of my post is this: How would you&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;precisely&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;translate Sentence (5) as well as Text (7) shown below, making it clear that they are about unfulfilled past situations?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(7) If that company had had sugar to offer us as a substitute for corn, what praises should we have heard the base newspapers bestow upon our &amp;quot;Empire in the East!&amp;quot; The &amp;quot;Country Gentlemen&amp;quot; would not have moved a tongue. If they had dared to do it, the thunder from Leadenhall street would soon have reduced them to silence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I took Text (7) from a historic document, because I want to learn how I can elegantly but precisely translate series of conditionals of this kind in real texts, where it is hard to use simple lexical solutions applicable to single short everyday phrases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, I want the translations to exactly convey the precise meaning of the originals, not make any assumptions about the context, and not imply anything not implied by the originals. Imagine you are a spy who intercepted the above messages not knowing the context and has to translate them to Russian for his boss as precisely as possible because any imprecision may lead to wrong political decisions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, of course, general remarks about forming conditional sentences about unfulfilled past situations in Russian are also very welcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-09-24T04:11:51.903" Title="Conditional sentences about unfulfilled past situations" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;tense&gt;&lt;conditional&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19628" CreationDate="2019-05-16T13:26:16.657" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I translated this as you asked, and here it is. Seventh sentence actually was not so easy because you should provide exact sense and tone so if I did it not perfectly - sorry in advance (but in general I think it's right).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) If you had had invited me, I would have visited you in Russia. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если бы ты пригласил(а) меня, я бы приехал(а) к тебе в Россию.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(7) If that company had had sugar to offer us as a substitute for corn, what praises should we have heard the base newspapers bestow upon our &quot;Empire in the East!&quot; The &quot;Country Gentlemen&quot; would not have moved a tongue. If they had dared to do it, the thunder from Leadenhall street would soon have reduced them to silence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если бы у той компании был бы сахар чтобы предложить нам его в виде замены для кукурузы, какую похвалу мы бы услышали в популярных газетах о нашей &quot;Империи на Востоке&quot;. &quot;Джентельмены Страны&quot; даже не пошевелили бы языком. А если бы они осмелились на это - недовольство со стороны &quot;Лиденхолл&quot; заставило бы их притихнуть.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11875" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T13:26:16.657" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19630" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19631" CreationDate="2019-05-16T13:52:09.957" Score="3" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;I need help with the meaning of the idiom &quot;компостировать мозги&quot; the full sentence being &quot;прекрати компостировать мозги&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the English version of this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11886" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-16T14:18:47.573" LastActivityDate="2019-05-17T03:40:48.283" Title="Meaning of &quot;компостировать мозги&quot;" Tags="&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19630" CreationDate="2019-05-16T14:00:34.020" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a very rude phrase &quot;ебать [кому-либо] мозги&quot; (to fuck [someone's] brain) - it means to be extremely annoying, to talk bullshit etc. &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Компостировать мозги&lt;/a&gt;&quot; is basically an euphemistic version of this phrase. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;компостировать&quot;&lt;/a&gt; means, among other things &quot;to compost&quot; (a ticket), in Soviet Union paper tickets for public transportation were composted with &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;devices&lt;/a&gt; like this (though this one is a newer device, not the original Soviet one):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vi3Iw.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vi3Iw.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, basically, it was an act of perforation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However another meaning of &quot;компостировать&quot; is to fertilize with manure or some kind of other organic matter. There's a version that this is the original meaning but personally I find this explanation less convenient. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-16T14:22:06.483" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T14:22:06.483" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19630" CreationDate="2019-05-16T14:04:42.677" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually I don't remember when I heard this phrase last time so you can relate it to not common - it means that someone is very persistent with you in the way that you don't appreciate it and try to avoid interaction / conversation but the one is still intrusive. And except when a person is trying to get your &quot;yes&quot; for something it can just mean - stop telling me this bullshit. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11875" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-05-16T20:49:40.990" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T20:49:40.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19633" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19628" CreationDate="2019-05-16T15:04:27.423" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5) Если бы ты &lt;em&gt;раньше&lt;/em&gt; меня пригласил, я бы приехала к тебе в гости в Россию. (А сейчас [уже] не могу.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, indicating past tense more clearly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5) Если бы ты &lt;em&gt;раньше&lt;/em&gt; меня пригласил, я бы &lt;em&gt;ещё тогда&lt;/em&gt; приехала к тебе в гости в Россию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for (7), the context is not entirely clear to me, but I would write something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(7) Если бы у этой компании &lt;em&gt;в своё время&lt;/em&gt; был сахар как замена кукурузе, какая похвала была бы ниспослана газетами на «Империю Востока»! «Помещики» &lt;em&gt;того времени&lt;/em&gt; и ртом бы не шевельнули. Попытались бы, и гром с Лиденхол-стрит &lt;em&gt;в тот же момент&lt;/em&gt; заставил бы их притихнуть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«В своё время» may help with phrases like this. I've also used «в тот же момент» to indicate that the second action is in the same time frame as the first one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am honestly not sure that you really need to indicate past tense &lt;em&gt;in every sentence.&lt;/em&gt; If anything, it sounds redundant to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastEditorUserId="11755" LastEditDate="2019-05-16T16:43:41.243" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T16:43:41.243" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19634" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19638" CreationDate="2019-05-16T15:44:49.593" Score="6" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Pourtant, en matière d'écart de langage, elle &lt;strong&gt;n'a rien à envier à&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;personne&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;≈ &lt;em&gt;When it comes to an (offensive/inappropriate) slip of the tongue, however, she &lt;strong&gt;has nothing to feel envious about&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;towards anyone&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/em&gt; {sarcastically said}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Someone made an inappropriate remark, but she’s had more than her fair share of slip-of-the-tongue moments herself. So when it comes to slips of the tongue, she &lt;strong&gt;has nothing to feel envious about&lt;/strong&gt; towards anyone, as she is &lt;strong&gt;every bit as good/bad as&lt;/strong&gt; others in the carelessness department.&lt;/em&gt; {sarcastically said}&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The French expression &quot;&lt;em&gt;n'avoir rien à envier à quelqu'un&lt;/em&gt;&quot; has the literal meaning of &quot;&lt;em&gt;(when it comes to something, someone) &lt;strong&gt;has nothing to feel envious about&lt;/strong&gt; (towards someone else)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, and figuratively refers to someone's good quality that is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;every bit as good as&lt;/strong&gt; someone else's&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In real-life usage, however, the expression is often used  jokingly and sarcastically to point out someone's bad quality that is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;every bit as bad as&lt;/strong&gt; someone else's&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, as shown in the example above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;N'avoir rien à envier à&quot; : avoir des avantages au moins égaux à ceux de quelqu'un, être dans une situation aussi favorable, et, &lt;strong&gt;ironiquement&lt;/strong&gt;, être dans une situation aussi &lt;strong&gt;désavantageuse&lt;/strong&gt; que quelqu'un.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure if &quot;&lt;strong&gt;не уступать ни в чем&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, for instance, covers the ironic aspect of this French expression. How do Russian speakers idiomatically express this idea in conversation? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-29T10:11:58.287" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T10:11:58.287" Title="Equivalent of the French expression &quot;n'avoir rien à envier à personne&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;французский&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19635" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19628" CreationDate="2019-05-16T16:17:53.490" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He will see Sentence (6) as a suggestion to invite me now. But this is not the intended meaning. It is too late to invite me. The opportunity has gone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The real problem is that whatever words you choose, he might think that the opportunity is still open. (And I believe it's not so specific to Russian language). So I wouldn't even bother translating: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Если бы ты меня пригла&lt;strong&gt;шал&lt;/strong&gt;, я бы приехала к тебе в гости в Россию&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. This sentence is clearly about &quot;unfulfilled past&quot;, but at the same time everyone will buy it as a hint that he &lt;strong&gt;should try&lt;/strong&gt; now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only universal tool here is an intonation. You may choose between different words, such as: &quot;тогда&quot;, &quot;раньше&quot;, &quot;в тот раз&quot;, etc. But the real point is the right stress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If that company had had sugar to offer us as a substitute for corn, what praises should we have heard the base newspapers bestow upon our &quot;Empire in the East!&quot; The &quot;Country Gentlemen&quot; would not have moved a tongue. If they had dared to do it, the thunder from Leadenhall street would soon have reduced them to silence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, an attempt to translate such sentence is the same thing as &lt;em&gt;попасть пальцем в небо&lt;/em&gt;, but I'll try my best:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Будь у этой компании сахар, чтобы предложить его нам вместо кукурузы, какие бы похвалы, расточаемые нашей &quot;Империи на Востоке&quot;, услышали мы от главных газет! &quot;Сельские джентльмены&quot; и рта бы не посмели открыть. А когда бы открыли, громы с Лиденхолл-стрит скоро бы заставили их умолкнуть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2019-05-16T16:33:29.587" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T16:33:29.587" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19636" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19634" CreationDate="2019-05-16T18:13:54.720" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Насчёт оговорок, уж чья бы корова мычала&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a part of a well-known saying (&lt;em&gt;поговорка&lt;/em&gt;): &lt;em&gt;чья бы корова мычала, а твоя бы молчала&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Its literal meaning is &quot;someone's cow could give a moo (on this matter), but yours would have better kept mum&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is sarcastic, but not exactly the way the original sentence is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Насчёт оговорок она сама кому хочешь сто очков вперёд даст&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means &quot;when it comes to the slips of the tongue, she is a cut above anyone&quot; (literally, &quot;can give a hundred points' handicap to anyone&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is sarcastic in the same way the original saying is (the phrase can be used without irony), but this one assumes superiority, not being on par.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T18:13:54.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19634" CreationDate="2019-05-16T18:27:41.333" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По острословию она такая мастерица,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что никто с ней в этом даже не сравнится.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Любому в этом деле фору она даст&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И пальму первенства при этом не отдаст.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My language so abounds in idioms expressing your idea that it took me just a couple of minutes to write this small poem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each line there corresponds to a separate idiom, so I hope you'll find something to your liking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ah, I almost forgot a little nuance: If, for whatever reason, you want to only say that she  is &lt;em&gt;not inferior&lt;/em&gt; to anyone, avoiding saying that she is &lt;em&gt;superior&lt;/em&gt; to anyone, then here you go:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этом ее никто за пояс не заткнет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T20:38:46.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19634" CreationDate="2019-05-16T19:03:11.160" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она сама ничем не лучше / недалеко ушла / Ей нечем хвастать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так что по части нелепых замечаний она сама ничем не лучше / недалеко ушла / ей нечем хвастать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-17T06:29:41.767" LastActivityDate="2019-05-17T06:29:41.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19634" CreationDate="2019-05-16T19:49:40.870" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Elle n'a rien à envier à personne.(В этом)Она никому не уступит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ваш перевод правильный. Эта идиома может употребляться для выражения сарказма.&#xA;То, что вы назвали slip of the tongue, на самом деле немножко не то. Тут имелось в виду,  что она остра на язык — еще одно хорошее выражение — и в этом никому не уступит (she is second to none). Ты ей слово — она тебе десять. Разговорное «любого за пояс заткнет» и другие, которые назвали раньше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2019-05-17T05:46:42.070" LastActivityDate="2019-05-17T05:46:42.070" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19640" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-16T21:37:03.943" Score="1" ViewCount="130" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian wordplay jokes about Stierlitz - the Russian James Bond - are among the funniest, but are considered untranslatable. But are they really untranslatable? Being a big fan of my language and Stierlitz jokes, I recently attempted to translate a few of them to English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;До Штирлица не дошло письмо из центра. Он его еще раз перечитал, но все равно не дошло.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bond didn't get an order from the MI6 headquarters. He read it again, but still did not get it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Штирлиц с пистолетом шел по лесу и напоролся на сук. Суки с визгом разбежались. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wearing a big gun, Bond wandered along a shore and saw beaches. Screaming, they run away. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Идя по тропинке вдоль леса, Штирлиц увидел необычную картину - голубые ели. Подойдя к ним поближе, Штирлиц заметил, что они еще и пили. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On his way to work, Bond realised he was going to face a bunch of tough queries. He pulled out his gun, and the queers run away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Штирлиц вошел в кабинет, открыл сейф и вытащил оттуда записку Бормана. Борман отчаяно сопротивлялся. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bond entered his office, opened the safe, and grabbed Q's tool there. Hearing violent screams, Bond remarked, &quot;You shouldn't have hidden in my safe, Q.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you know any good translations of wordplay jokes about Stierlitz?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T21:37:03.943" Title="Translating the untranslatable: Are there good translations of Russian wordplay jokes about Stierlitz?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-05-16T22:02:21.223" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19641" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-16T23:07:18.087" Score="3" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;В чём разница между &lt;strong&gt;&quot;допускать&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;&quot;пускать&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11247" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2019-05-17T08:16:27.340" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T12:45:15.293" Title="В чём разница между допускать и пускать?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19641" CreationDate="2019-05-16T23:49:53.453" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Допускать - предоставлять доступ (access) к чему-либо или позволять чему-либо произойти&#xA;Пускать - позволять кому-нибудь зайти внутрь (let in), либо синоним слова &quot;запускать&quot; (to start up)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9520" LastActivityDate="2019-05-16T23:49:53.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19641" CreationDate="2019-05-17T00:42:22.923" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Да это очень многозначные слова, аж глаза разбегаются от обилия значений. Множества значений этих слов различаются, хотя и частично совпадают. Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Допускать до игры = пускать играть = позволять играть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Допускать, что ... = Делать предположение, что ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Этого нельзя допускать = Нельзя позволить этому случиться&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пускать мыльные пузыри = Надувать мыльные пузыри и давать им улетать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пускай он сделает это = Не надо ему мешать сделать это&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пускать на самотёк = Не вмешиваться, позволять происходить естественным образом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пускать автомобили в центр города = Позволять автомобилям въезжать в центр города&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Растение пустило корни = У растения начал рaсти или пророс корень&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Короче, это многозначные слова с частично пересекающимися спектрами значений, и надо еще аккуратно обращаться с управлениями, они разные - напр., как я написала выше, допускать до игры = пускать играть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-17T00:42:22.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19630" CreationDate="2019-05-17T01:18:29.640" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As already have been explained it's the softer version of &quot;ебать мозг(и)&quot;, though not necessarily a euphemism. Another way to put it is simply &quot;делать мозги&quot; or &quot;окучивать могзги&quot; (which is definitely a euphemism).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have never heard it being used in regards to lying or bullshitting someone, but always in voicing annoyance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Closest colloquial English equivalent I can think of is simply &quot;&lt;code&gt;to get on one's nerves&lt;/code&gt;&quot;. There's another Russian expression - &quot;действовать на нервы&quot;, which is a closer translation.&#xA;In some cases you can use &quot;&lt;code&gt;do one's head in&lt;/code&gt;&quot; as in &quot;&lt;code&gt;She's really doing my head in.&lt;/code&gt;&quot;, but that's not always a good translation, as it can refer to general confusion, feeling lost, almost depressed, while &quot;комостировать мозги&quot; simply infers some mild annoyance. It's less dramatic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is that &quot;комостировать/делать/ебать могз(и)&quot; is used when someone repeatedly, almost methodically  annoys you (verbally, in writing, or both) regarding some specific topic or endeavor, while &quot;действовать на нервы&quot; is far more broad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="10749" LastEditDate="2019-05-17T03:40:48.283" LastActivityDate="2019-05-17T03:40:48.283" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19634" CreationDate="2019-05-17T01:26:40.813" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;code&gt;Он(а) сам(а) кому/кого хочешь...&lt;/code&gt;&quot; followed by some action. For example &quot;&lt;code&gt;Да ты за неё не волнуйся, она сама кого хочешь так пошлёт, что мало не покажется.&lt;/code&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastActivityDate="2019-05-17T01:26:40.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19646" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19647" CreationDate="2019-05-17T10:44:19.967" Score="2" ViewCount="230" Body="&lt;p&gt;Browsing the Internet, I saw the following sentence in a text:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) То, что &lt;strong&gt;буде будет&lt;/strong&gt; считаться стильным и модным, какой принт стоит выбрать и как все это сочетать в нашем сегодняшнем фотогиде. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://just-interes.ru/news/%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1-9-%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Puzzled by the construction &lt;strong&gt;буде будет&lt;/strong&gt;, I performed a Google search and found numerous examples of its use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) В будущем он &lt;strong&gt;буде будет&lt;/strong&gt; анализировать психологические процессы в группах космонавтов во время длительных миссий, а также изучать их реакцию на присутствие роботов. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://apparat.cc/news/mcs-flying-brain&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) Зимний интерьер, &lt;strong&gt;буде он будет&lt;/strong&gt; выдержан именно в этом стиле, сдержанном и простом, чистом и в некотором роде напоминающим бумажный лист, позволяет создавать особенное настроение – уравновешенное, спокойное. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://spektrsec.ru/zima-i-skandinaviya-idealnyiy-interernyiy-kokteyl.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) И не понимал того, что свобода, &lt;strong&gt;буде она будет&lt;/strong&gt; дана, будет прежде всего использована всеми для обмана всех. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://mybook.ru/author/dmitrij-bykov/saltykov-shedrin-2/citations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) Практически гулять скоро &lt;strong&gt;буде будет&lt;/strong&gt; негде, - говорит одна из подруг. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://ecopress.center/page3149217.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6) Некий абстрактный &amp;quot;Закон российский&amp;quot;, даже &lt;strong&gt;буде он будет&lt;/strong&gt; принят, во-первых &amp;quot;исполнять не обязательно&amp;quot;, а во-вторых уважать уже тоже не принято, потому что любой новый закон неспроста воспринимается как закручивание гаек и попытка ободрать народ. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://fisher.spb.ru/blogs/view.php?postId=1555&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(7) Генпрокуратура назначила на должность прокурора Анжеро-Судженска Константина Шевяко. Он &lt;strong&gt;буде будет&lt;/strong&gt; исполнять свои обязанности пять лет. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kem.kp.ru/online/news/3119287&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Intrigued, I looked for explanations and found a grammar &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.journals.uio.no/index.php/osla/article/download/230/280&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt; that says the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На территории Архангельской области есть два «разорванных» ареала особенно интенсивного употребления &lt;em&gt;буде&lt;/em&gt;: северо-западный (север Онежского и Приморский р-ны), где &lt;em&gt;буде&lt;/em&gt; играет роль союзного средства в сравнительном&#xA;обороте, и южный (Каргопольский, Вельский, Вилегодский, Котласский, Красноборский, Устьянский р-ны), где &lt;em&gt;буде&lt;/em&gt; функционирует как союз в условно-гипотетических конструкциях и как модальная частица эпистемического характера.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Concerning the use of &lt;strong&gt;буде&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;em&gt;модальная частица эпистемического характера&lt;/em&gt;, the source clarifies:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Буде&lt;/em&gt; сообщает высказыванию семантику приблизительности в оценке количества ... неуверенного предположения относительно ситуации настоящего или прошлого ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The source also gives various examples like &amp;quot;слишком богомольных у нас буде нету.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In view of this source, I guess that in Examples (3), (4), (6) &lt;strong&gt;буде&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;em&gt;союз в условно-гипотетических конструкциях&lt;/em&gt;, whilst in Examples (1)-(2), (5), (7) - &lt;em&gt;модальная частица эпистемического характера&lt;/em&gt;, but I am unsure about the precise meanings of &lt;strong&gt;буде будет&lt;/strong&gt; in those sentences. My humble guess is that roughly speaking, these meanings are close to &lt;strong&gt;if&lt;/strong&gt;  [in Examples (3), (4), (6)] and &lt;strong&gt;will probably&lt;/strong&gt; [in Examples (1)-(2), (5), (7)].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that &lt;strong&gt;буде&lt;/strong&gt; is a somewhat archaic and/or dialect word, but it is still extensively used in the modern Russian language as shown by Examples (1)-(7), even in newspapers such as &lt;em&gt;Комсомольская правда&lt;/em&gt;, which is where I took Example (7) from, so I want to understand this word in order to properly interpret it in texts and be able to show off by using it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: How do you understand &lt;strong&gt;буде будет&lt;/strong&gt; in general and in Examples (1)-(7) in particular?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-17T13:55:19.197" Title="What does &quot;буде будет&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;particles&gt;&lt;conditional&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="22" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19647" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19646" CreationDate="2019-05-17T10:57:39.530" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Half of them is an archaic form of “если”: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5&lt;/a&gt;. Example from Wiktionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Буде помещик возьмёт земледельца в дом свой для услуг или работы, то земледелец становится свободен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other half are clearly typos.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2019-05-17T10:57:39.530" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19649" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19651" CreationDate="2019-05-18T06:58:06.610" Score="3" ViewCount="854" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I heard this word in the half offending/joking form so can't really get what's that mean? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11890" LastActivityDate="2019-05-19T11:37:21.113" Title="Что значит слово &quot;задрот&quot;? Meaning of the word" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19650" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19649" CreationDate="2019-05-18T07:16:08.160" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning of &quot;задрот&quot; is more or less close to &quot;wanker&quot;. &quot;Дрочить&quot; is a slang word for the verb &quot;masturbate.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To put it simply, a &quot;задрот&quot; is a physically and intellectually weak no-lifer, a person who must have been excessively masturbating for years. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In gaming, &quot;задрот&quot; has a different meaning, which is perfectly described in Lurkmore:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Задрот — в соревновательных компьютерных играх синоним фаггота, индивидуум, страдающий ФГМ в самой запущенной стадии. Обычно очкастый подросток-переросток, тупо играющий в одну и ту же игру. Этот процесс называется задрачиванием. В процессе задрачивания задрот досконально изучает игру, все ее хитрые приёмы и баги, что позволяет задроту легко одерживать победу над нубами и пользователями, которые зашли просто поиграть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To put this definition simply, a &quot;задрот&quot; is a gamer who excels in a particular game because of repetitively playing it too much in an unhealthy way. This process is figuratively compared to masturbation, and this is why such a gamer is called &quot;задрот.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastEditorUserId="11395" LastEditDate="2019-05-19T11:37:21.113" LastActivityDate="2019-05-19T11:37:21.113" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19651" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19649" CreationDate="2019-05-18T07:21:50.000" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most common use of this word is to call computer guys - players (specifically) and sometimes -  geeks, sysadmins, programmers etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be in offend form as well as joking, as you said in your question. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second example but when it's not about computers - the word &quot;nerd&quot; I think most suitable and you definitely know what it means. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also sometimes you just need to look on illustration to understand the sense even without explanation, here I attached some memes from Russian social media that represents how typically people perceive this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dz49X.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dz49X.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11875" LastActivityDate="2019-05-18T07:21:50.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19652" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19641" CreationDate="2019-05-18T11:00:52.737" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Допускать означает предоставлять доступ, допустим на экзамен. &#xA;Пускать это напрямую разрешить вход, допустим в клуб после предъявления пропуска.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11890" LastActivityDate="2019-05-18T11:00:52.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19653" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19654" CreationDate="2019-05-18T11:06:24.890" Score="3" ViewCount="159" Body="&lt;p&gt;Или это есть просто название верхней летней одежды?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can answer in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11891" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-05-18T16:34:46.817" LastActivityDate="2019-05-18T16:34:46.817" Title="Футболка это специальная T-shirt для игры в футбол?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19653" CreationDate="2019-05-18T11:09:42.410" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не стоит воспринимать название так буквально, футболка это просто t-shirt а не конкретно форма для спортивных футбольных команд или её членов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11890" LastActivityDate="2019-05-18T11:09:42.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19655" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19653" CreationDate="2019-05-18T13:11:11.763" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Когда t-shirt впервые появилась в СССР, ею первой начали пользоваться именно футболисты, потому она и получила такое название. Но в итоге &quot;футболка&quot; просто название данной одежды в русском языке и не имеет никакого отношения к тому, кто ей пользуется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9520" LastActivityDate="2019-05-18T13:11:11.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19656" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19693" CreationDate="2019-05-18T15:19:46.247" Score="1" ViewCount="432" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently wrote a &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/19613&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; about the modal &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt;, explaining that this modal is very hard to me because it has very different meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As my question was deemed too broad and put on hold, I would like to ask a very specific question: &lt;strong&gt;How should I interpret Phrases (1)-(4) below?&lt;/strong&gt; These phrases have no context and have to be interpreted per se, as they are article titles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) &lt;strong&gt;Должен&lt;/strong&gt; ли парень платить за девушку на свидании? (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rmes.spb.ru/dolzhen-li-paren-platit-za-devushku&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Почему каждая женщина &lt;strong&gt;должна&lt;/strong&gt; уметь флиртовать: мужской взгляд (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wmj.ru/otnosheniya/muzhskoy-vzglyad/muzhskoi-vzglyad-pochemu-umet-flirtovat-neobkhodimo-kazhdoi-zhenshine.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) &lt;strong&gt;Должен&lt;/strong&gt; ли Путин уйти? (&lt;a href=&quot;http://newsland.com/community/politic/content/dolzhen-li-putin-uiti/3162722&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Я &lt;strong&gt;должна&lt;/strong&gt; была быть мужчиной (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.stihi.ru/2015/10/10/4549&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am confused as to how I can determine the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; in the absence of any context. In Phrase (1), does &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; mean a necessity for the guy (if he wants to successfully start a romantic relationship) in view of the actual mentality of girls? Or is the phrase about the ideal order of things in terms of fairness? Or is it about a cultural norm? Or some internal urge a normal guy must have? In Phrase (2), does &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; mean a necessity for women, a wish of men, advice to women, or an expectation of the author about women's capabilities? In Phrase (3), does &lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt; mean a prediction about the future, advice to Putin, an ethical necessity, or what? And Phrase (4) made me especially puzzled - &lt;strong&gt;I should have been a man&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;I must have been a man&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;I had to be a man&lt;/strong&gt;, or what does it mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ideally I would like to see the precise meanings and proper English translations of Phrases (1)-(4) as well as explanations how you determine the meanings of these titles without reading the articles, but any helpful responses are welcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-04T12:49:07.287" Title="How should I interpret phrases like &quot;должен ли Путин уйти&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;tense&gt;&lt;будущее-время&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19656" CreationDate="2019-05-18T18:11:36.490" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for me this question is very tricky, though I was born in Moscow and Russian is my native language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) here I think they are going to discuss a cultural norm - is it still actual today&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) here this word is like advice - why do men think that this skill can be useful for women&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) it is like ethical necessity - many people don't like him in some way &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) this woman was born a woman, but she feels like she is a man, so she wants to have been born a man&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11892" LastActivityDate="2019-05-18T18:11:36.490" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19658" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19623" CreationDate="2019-05-18T18:37:27.907" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm afraid turik97's answer is not fully correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For verbs and short adjectives, plural forms are to be used with &quot;вы&quot; of politeness: Вы жили/*жил/*жила, Вы мертвы/*мёртв/*мертва.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, for long adjectives singular forms of the appropriate gender (female, for your example) are to be used: Вы злая/#злые (# not * because plural forms can obviously be used if addressee is really plural).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2019-05-18T18:37:27.907" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19659" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19661" CreationDate="2019-05-18T22:16:57.413" Score="3" ViewCount="368" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would a Russian speaker be likely to say &quot;mow the lawn&quot; or &quot;cut the grass&quot; in Russian? (I'm thinking about the lawn associated with a regular house, not a mansion or a park.) Usually, I can find a decent answer to these questions by checking Tatoeba, Reverso Context, and Pons, but in this case, I'm not finding a clear winner. Several questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference between &lt;code&gt;лужайка&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;газон&lt;/code&gt;? Do Russian speakers also tend to use &lt;code&gt;трава&lt;/code&gt; in this context?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I see the verbs &lt;code&gt;косить&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;стричь&lt;/code&gt;. Can these verbs be used interchangeably with the nouns I mentioned in item (1)?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10003" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-29T18:11:39.410" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T18:11:39.410" Title="Words for &quot;mow the lawn&quot;, &quot;cut the grass&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19660" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-19T00:46:02.033" Score="2" ViewCount="472" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово bastard в значении 4 не ругательное. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bastard&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bastard&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Три вопроса:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как его в этом случае перевести на русский язык?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Можно ли с таким словом обращаться к девушке или только к мужчине?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В предожении &quot;You won't let me look into the box, you bastard&quot; воспринимается ли это слово как ругательное или неприличное? Сравните с, например, &quot;you won't let me look into the box, you strict person&quot;, например, где выражается отношение приличным образом.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11893" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T13:52:54.713" Title="Перевод слова 'bastard' на русский язык" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19659" CreationDate="2019-05-19T00:54:30.717" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have to understand that in Russia and ex-USSR people usually live in large apartment buildings.  Yes, even in very small towns. Percentage of population living in private houses is rather small, and people who live in private houses are usually (though not always) either rather poor (villagers, people living on the outskirts of towns and cities) or rather rich (people that have built large houses in upscale gated communities, corrupt politicians and cops). Mowing a lawn is really not a part of life for vast majority of the people, it's simply not something you would even think about. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you can use &lt;code&gt;косить&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;стричь&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;лужайка&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;газон&lt;/code&gt; pretty liberally, as only people who deal with that stuff professionally might ever correct you. The terminology regarding grass upkeep is simply not a part of everyday vocabulary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Лужайка&lt;/code&gt; is a more of a general term for a small grassy area, usually natural, while &lt;code&gt;газон&lt;/code&gt; implies a lawn that has been deliberately designed, implemented and (in theory) is well maintained. Proper &lt;code&gt;газон&lt;/code&gt; will for example involve some drainage system in place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А grassy clearing in the woods or a park will be &lt;code&gt;лужайка&lt;/code&gt;, not &lt;code&gt;газон&lt;/code&gt;. As for the back or front yard lawn I personally would use &lt;code&gt;лужайка&lt;/code&gt;, rather than газон. &lt;code&gt;Газон&lt;/code&gt; to me is a type of lawn that city maintains in squares and boulevards. At the same time if your house has a well kept lawn that has a clear shape, and deliberately seeded grass, &lt;code&gt;газон&lt;/code&gt; would also sound totally fine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the main difference is whether the grass grows naturally or has been seeded and whether the lawn undergoes a regular maintenance (that involves more than just mowing).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb that's usually used for the actual process of mowing is &lt;code&gt;косить&lt;/code&gt;. &#xA;Lawnmower is called &lt;code&gt;газонокосилка&lt;/code&gt; In Russian. &#xA;&lt;code&gt;Стричь&lt;/code&gt; is used as well, especially when implying a very deliberate lawn care. Also as a noun &lt;code&gt;стрижка&lt;/code&gt; is used, as in &lt;code&gt;стрижка газонов&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Косить траву&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;косить газон&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;стричь газон&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;косить лужайку&lt;/code&gt; all sound correct to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastActivityDate="2019-05-19T00:54:30.717" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19660" CreationDate="2019-05-19T02:54:34.907" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово &lt;code&gt;bastard&lt;/code&gt;, как и дословный перевод - &lt;code&gt;ублюдок&lt;/code&gt;, абсолютно приличное. Другое дело, что оно оскорбительное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В приведённом примере оно используется не &quot;приличным образом&quot;, а в шутку. То бишь грубое, оскорбительное слово используется иронически, в положительном контексте&#xA;Таким же убразом в английском часто используется &lt;code&gt;son of a bitch&lt;/code&gt; и эвфемизм &lt;code&gt;son of a gun&lt;/code&gt; (эвфемизм всегда используется в положительно контексте).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Естественно, что &lt;code&gt;ублюдок&lt;/code&gt; в шутку не может использоваться.&#xA;А вот &lt;code&gt;сукин сын&lt;/code&gt; - вполне. &lt;code&gt;Сукина дочь&lt;/code&gt; используется значительно реже, в любом конексте. Ещё варианты - &lt;code&gt;урод/уродка&lt;/code&gt; или &lt;code&gt;засранец/засранка&lt;/code&gt;, но мне кажется, что &lt;code&gt;сукин сын&lt;/code&gt; более нейтральный вариант. Цитата &quot;&lt;code&gt;Ай да Пушкин! Ай да сукин сын!&lt;/code&gt;&quot; будет знакома большинству русскоговорящих.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="10749" LastEditDate="2019-05-19T18:33:12.877" LastActivityDate="2019-05-19T18:33:12.877" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19660" CreationDate="2019-05-19T06:46:16.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;В приведённом предложении, где слово звучит оскорбительно, потому что выражает неудовольствие, пусть даже в шутку, его можно было бы перевести и словом &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;козёл&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, которое для женщины, разумеется, не годится, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;козлиха&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - уж черезчур сниженный вариант. Правда мне не приходилось сталкиваться с употреблением &lt;strong&gt;bastard&lt;/strong&gt; по отношению к женщине.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Или &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;гад (такой)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, а для женщины &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;гадина (такая)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, или &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;свинья&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, которое универсально, но в мужском роде может иметь форму &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;свин(тус)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В значении 4. в статье коннотация несколько иная, чем в примере. Там слово звучит &quot;любя&quot; (affectionate), и для вариантов оттуда, думаю, нельзя подобрать единого перевода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;lucky bastard - счастливчик, везунчик&lt;br&gt;&#xA;poor bastard - бедняжка, бедолага, бедненький&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Get over here, you old bastard! - Хромай сюда, старый (ты) хрыч/старикашка!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-20T06:03:37.110" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T06:03:37.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19664" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19666" CreationDate="2019-05-19T08:48:34.000" Score="4" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;Reading a Russian book about a Russo-Japanese war, I saw the idiomatic expression &lt;strong&gt;на три господа бога&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тут, брат, все сделано на три господа бога.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I performed a Google search and found some results with this expression:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У нормальных городских автобусов все рассчитано на три Господа Бога.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мостик-то обоснован на три господа бога!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thе idiomatic expression looks very impressive and poetic, so I am eager to fully understand it and to learn to properly use it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could you explain this idiomatic expression, addressing the following specific points?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) What is the precise figurative meaning of &lt;strong&gt;на три господа бога&lt;/strong&gt; and how is it derived from the literal meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) Why is the inflection not &lt;strong&gt;на трех господ богов&lt;/strong&gt;? Isn't the accusative case required after &lt;strong&gt;рассчитано на&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;сделано на&lt;/strong&gt;? Would you say &lt;strong&gt;обед приготовлен на трех господ офицеров&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;обед приготовлен на три господа офицера&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) Does the expression refer to the Trinity - Father, Son, and Holy Spirit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) Should I use normal or capital letters for &lt;em&gt;г&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;б&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(е) Am I correct in using this idiomatic expression as follows: он наловил рыбы на три господа бога; я подготовилась к экзамену на три господа бога; я разобралась в ситуации на три господа бога?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-21T15:54:38.313" Title="Тhe idiomatic expression &quot;на три господа бога&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19664" CreationDate="2019-05-19T09:31:17.253" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Google knows as few as 7 (seven) occurrences of this idiom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) Judging by the context it means &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;основательно, впрок, прочно, с запасом прочности, на века&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) It's because &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;господа&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;(господ)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is plural of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;господин&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which is a noun different from &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;господь&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, and so they inflect differently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) Can't comment. It's my 1st encounter with this expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) Since it's an idiom the use of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;господь бог&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is generic and doesn't mean &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;бог&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in religious sense, therefore i think capitalization is unnecessary. But a religious person might still use it out of deference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(e) Not sure this idiom is good fit in these sentences because &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;основательность, прочность&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (as per my understanding of what the idiom refers to) are rather physical qualities implying long term durability and robustness which cannot be attributed to knowledge, understanding etc.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Perhaps it fits the 1st sentence better but i myself would likely not use it in this context as i wouldn't say &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я наловил рыбы на века&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand since i myself have until now never encountered the expression and considering its extremely low frequency in Google, it perhaps would be reasonable to refrain from using it as it might not be understood by other native speakers as well especially if used incorrectly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-19T15:43:19.530" LastActivityDate="2019-05-19T15:43:19.530" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19667" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19668" CreationDate="2019-05-19T14:17:01.030" Score="2" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;I tried to translate &quot;mostly&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just dont get the в before the word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it something you add to indicate you're talking about a quantity that isn't compared to nothing else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11896" LastActivityDate="2019-05-19T15:24:54.273" Title="в основном why a в before the word?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19668" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19667" CreationDate="2019-05-19T15:24:54.273" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Composition-wise, ''в основном'' is like ''in general.'' The preposition ''в'' in ''в основном'' works just as the preposition ''in'' works in ''in general.'' I hope this analogy clarifies the issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-05-19T15:24:54.273" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19656" CreationDate="2019-05-19T19:50:33.917" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The modal 'должен' is cognate with the noun 'долг' meaning 'debt'. Knowing that, you understand that 'должен' should be considered through the prism of speaker's values. Even in English 2 speakers can say 'must' for mutually exclusive actions. When you say 'должен' you believe in some thing, you've made some decision. So having relative 'должен' and 'долг' it is easier to remember to respect someone's belief.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the context in your examples 'Will the speaker feel that all is right if he/she [pay instead of a girlfriend]/[can/can't flirt]/[Putin retires]/[was a women]'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English it is not correct to use 'I feel it is right', so we use there 'should' if we believe and 'must' if we strongly believe. You will never misunderstand if replace every 'должен' with 'should' (example-4 is not clear enough when using 'must').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That was all about Russian, the following are my interpretations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All questions depend on answerer's opinion: in Phrase-1 it will be 'in view of the actual mentality of girls' &lt;strong&gt;only&lt;/strong&gt; if the girl was asked the question. Different people can feel fairness, cultural norms and normality differently (certainly if the majority of people follow some opition, you can be more confident it is normal/a cultural norm).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All your assumptions about the Phrase-2 are right, because we know that the answerer is a man (or a women who thinks she understands men): it is an advice to women, because the author thinks it is necessary for them, if they want to perform as men, as the author things, wish, because women are capable to do that (and again: according to the authors opinion).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Phrase-3 is about, yes, the advice and an ethical necessity (in authors opinion). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Phrase-4 means 'I should have been a man': I suppose she feels her manners are more similar to the mens' ones and/or she understands men better than women.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Enjoy&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11107" LastActivityDate="2019-05-19T19:50:33.917" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19670" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19673" CreationDate="2019-05-19T22:19:32.847" Score="2" ViewCount="336" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's consider the following sentence, which I just found in Google as an illustrative example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наиболее опасные из акул – тигровые акулы, которые обитают в тропических водах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two interpretations come to my mind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) The most dangerous sharks are the tiger sharks, which live in tropical waters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) The most dangerous sharks are the tiger sharks that live in tropical waters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sentence (1) contains a non-restrictive clause and says two separate things, the first one being that the most dangerous sharks are the tiger sharks, and the second one being that the tiger sharks live in tropical waters. Sentence (2) contains a restrictive clause and says only one thing, namely, that the most dangerous sharks are those tiger sharks that live in tropical waters. Sentence (2) implies that there are also tiger sharks that live in other waters and that those tiger sharks are less dangerous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: Are clauses with &lt;strong&gt;который&lt;/strong&gt; restrictive or non-restrictive by default - that is, in situations where the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;который&lt;/strong&gt; is unclear from the context? In other words, which meaning should be assumed when the context allows both?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-05-20T00:35:58.130" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T02:11:19.680" Title="Are clauses with &quot;который&quot; restrictive or non-restrictive by default?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;clauses&gt;&lt;subordinate-clause&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19671" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-19T22:36:10.447" Score="6" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Похоже, что это единственное место в мире, где можно &lt;strong&gt;наблюдать за&lt;/strong&gt; северным сиянием, нежась в горячем источнике!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or should I have said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Похоже, что это единственное место в мире, где можно &lt;strong&gt;наблюдать&lt;/strong&gt; северное сияние, нежась в горячем источнике!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is that I tend to associate the form &quot;&lt;strong&gt;наблюдать за&lt;/strong&gt; (детьми)&quot; with the sense &quot;следить&quot;, so I wonder if I should stick to the version without &quot;за&quot; when I talk about &quot;watching the aurora / sunrise&quot;: &quot;наблюдать восход солнца&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2019-05-21T17:17:56.717" Title="In saying &quot;watch the aurora&quot;, how are &quot;наблюдать за&quot; and &quot;наблюдать&quot; nuanced?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19672" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19671" CreationDate="2019-05-19T23:38:03.870" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Северное сияние' is about both an object and a phenomenon. You use 'наблюдать за [чем-либо, instrumental case]' for objects and 'наблюдать [что-либо, accusative case]' for phenomena.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will be understood if you say 'наблюдать за северным сиянием'/'наблюдать за восходящим солнцем', but it is better you use the version for phenomena:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наблюдать северное сияние &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наблюдать восход солнца &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наблюдать радугу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наблюдать за детьми&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наблюдать за бабочкой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11107" LastActivityDate="2019-05-19T23:38:03.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19670" CreationDate="2019-05-19T23:39:20.793" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It all depends on context; the rules are not set in stone; the &quot;который&quot; relative clauses in Russian are neither invariably/intrinsically non-restrictive nor invariably/intrinsically restrictive &lt;em&gt;by default&lt;/em&gt;. I've come up with two colloquial sentences to  illustrate the difference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если и есть что-то хуже нарциссов, так это &lt;strong&gt;люди&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;которые&lt;/strong&gt; не умеют держать себя в руках. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;{&lt;em&gt;... people who ...&lt;/em&gt;} rather than {&lt;em&gt;... people, who ...&lt;/em&gt;} &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, this can only reasonably be interpreted as a (2) restrictive relative clause (without a preceding comma); if you see it as a (1) non-restrictive clause (with a comma), it sounds as if all the people in the world act in the same unpleasant manner. Which would be an illogical thing to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И ради этого ты готов пожертвовать своими &lt;strong&gt;товарищами&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;которые&lt;/strong&gt; помогали тебе все это время?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;{&lt;em&gt;... colleagues, who ...&lt;/em&gt;} rather than {&lt;em&gt;... colleagues who ...&lt;/em&gt;} &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, this one, on the other hand, can only reasonably be interpreted as a (1) non-restrictive relative clause (with a preceding comma); if you see it as a (2) restrictive clause (without a comma), it sounds as if there are some colleagues you will NOT sacrifice: those who have never helped you before. Which would be an illogical thing to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some languages (English, French etc) make a distinction between a non-restrictive relative clause and a restrictive one with a preceding comma, or the lack thereof, whereas others (Russian, German etc) do not, at least in writing, with an ever-present comma in place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-05-20T02:11:19.680" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T02:11:19.680" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19671" CreationDate="2019-05-20T00:11:34.070" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference between the two sentences is minimal, if exists at all, and different native speakers may give different explanations of the difference. Everyone has his or her own personal experience and associations with such nuances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say that ''можно наблюдать за северным сиянием'' implies an opportunity to enjoy watching a clearly visible aurora for a prolonged period of time and that ''можно наблюдать северное сияние'' sounds rather like an opportunity to simply notice an aurora.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to add that I personally would say differently: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Видимо, это единственное в мире место, где можно любоваться полярным сиянием, нежась в горячем источнике!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This implies enjoying watching an aurora. If you want to say only about noticing an aurora, change ''любоваться полярным сиянием'' to ''увидеть полярное сияние.''&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T00:11:34.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19670" CreationDate="2019-05-20T00:31:50.410" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can't see the difference between a restrictive and non-restrictive &lt;strong&gt;который&lt;/strong&gt;, but you can hear it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the noun phrase that &lt;strong&gt;который&lt;/strong&gt; refers to is stressed and you can sort of &quot;hear&quot; the comma, i.e. the overall tone falls off and starts picking up again on &lt;strong&gt;который&lt;/strong&gt;, it's non-restrictive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it's restrictive, the noun phrase and &lt;strong&gt;который&lt;/strong&gt; have about the same emphasis (or lack thereof), and there's no audible break or &quot;reset&quot; of the intonation, just as if the comma wasn't there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your particular example, intuitively, feels non-restrictive. It &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; be restrictive, one would need to hear it to be sure. Just an inference from the meaning; real-world facts suggest a shark is more likely to be deemed the most dangerous based on its species alone, rather than species plus habitat. However, if it &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; species plus habitat, I feel I'd expect it to be expressed more clearly — say, &lt;strong&gt;те из тигровых акул, что обитают&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T00:31:50.410" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19676" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19634" CreationDate="2019-05-20T04:36:51.647" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;А close analogue is:  &quot;она в этом кому хочешь даст фору&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T04:36:51.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19671" CreationDate="2019-05-20T12:18:04.560" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to Толковый словарь Кузнецова (&lt;em&gt;наблюдать&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4th sense (осуществлять надзор, наблюдение ЗА) .. за детьми, за порядком. In this sense it's always with ЗА. But it's not your case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1st sense (внимательно следить) is possible with or without ЗА. So if used in this sense, both variants seem possible. But the example in the dictionary is Наблюдать солнечное затмение. Maybe it's preferable not to use ЗА for observing natural phenomena in this sense, but it's not exactly clear. So I don't think using ЗА would be a mistake. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3rd sense (изучать, исследовать) is used without ЗА. So if one studies aurora as a scientist, it must be наблюдать северное сияние. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your sentence doesn't imply scientific observation, so it's sense 1, i.e. both with or without ЗА seem possible. Наблюдать ЗА - will imply a more active way of observing, if it's without ЗА - you just state the fact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T12:18:04.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19679" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-20T13:09:24.987" Score="4" ViewCount="190" Body="&lt;p&gt;Assuming, that I recently received unexpected news that both, surprised me and hit me emotionally. I'm literally &lt;em&gt;lost for words&lt;/em&gt; and don't know what to say. I am not voiceless in a medical sense, nor out of words to a lack of vocabulary-knowledge. I am just overly surprised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would I express that in Russian? I came up with a collection of possible alternatives, but I'm not sure whether they express surprise, a form of mutism or simply a lack of knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;У меня нет слов.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я потеря́л дар ре́чи.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я безмо́лвен.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мне не хвата́ет слов.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, the first phrase fits best in order to express surprise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second phrase sounds more like a physical inability to speak (mutism)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The third phrase, I'm completely unsure about. Also mutism?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fourth sounds like a lack of vocabulary to me. Can I also use this sentence to express surprise?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5998" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2019-05-20T23:33:19.347" LastActivityDate="2019-05-27T22:41:11.980" Title="Expressing surprise (multiple variations of &quot;I am lost for words&quot;)" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19659" CreationDate="2019-05-20T13:18:07.883" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Стричь траву&lt;/strong&gt; is a very common expression for private households (which have become quite common even in urban areas as @tum_ mentioned). I think it's often &lt;strong&gt;траву&lt;/strong&gt;, because &lt;em&gt;газон&lt;/em&gt; is associated with municipal parks and roads, while &lt;em&gt;лужайка&lt;/em&gt; is usually part of a forest. &lt;strong&gt;Косить траву&lt;/strong&gt; is still used often, but is becoming less clear if used for technically modern households, because &lt;em&gt;коса&lt;/em&gt; is a manual tool with a blade.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T13:18:07.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19679" CreationDate="2019-05-20T13:28:58.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native speaker I can agree with you that first example is perfect for this situation, also you can say &quot;Я не знаю что сказать по этому поводу&quot; and &quot;Без комментариев&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second and fourth examples are relevant too but frankly third &quot;Я безмолвлен&quot; sounds more like old Russian and in modern society it's very unlike to hear that from people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11875" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T13:28:58.840" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19679" CreationDate="2019-05-20T13:29:13.783" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It fits best in neutral style, so you are right here.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It has nothing to do with medical ability. It's a literary (poetic) alternative for No.1. Notice that дар - gift - implies it's a metaphor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another poetic word. cnf Безмолвное море - Voiceless/Silent sea... &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It means LACK of vocabulary, but due to any psychological reason (not just surpise, it could be shock, confusion, etc.), but could also mean that you are literally not a good speaker and have lack of vocabulary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T13:29:13.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19683" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19685" CreationDate="2019-05-20T22:11:06.327" Score="43" ViewCount="10638" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have always been puzzled as to why the Russians almost never use verbs of possession akin to &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;have&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;own&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead of such verbs, the Russians use the preposition &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;, whose primary or original meaning is &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;near&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;at&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;, and sometimes additionally use the verb &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt; (&amp;quot;be&amp;quot;) in the appropriate tense: &lt;em&gt;у меня (есть/была/будет) машина&lt;/em&gt; (literally &amp;quot;а car is / was / will be near me&amp;quot;), &lt;em&gt;у моей подруги хороший характер&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;у него много денег&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;у этой рыбы острые зубы&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;у меня хорошее настроение&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;у меня много дел&lt;/em&gt;, and so on. Even if a Russian needs to explicitly stress ownership of, for example, an apartment, he will say something like &lt;em&gt;у меня квартира в собственности&lt;/em&gt; rather than &lt;em&gt;я имею квартиру&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;я владею квартирой&lt;/em&gt;, even despite that the latter two constructions are grammatically okay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The very same grammatical construction is used to express proximity: &lt;em&gt;У дворца роскошный парк&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;there is a beautiful park near the palace&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I initially thought that avoiding verbs of possession is common to Slavic languages, but I proved to be wrong. Most other Slavs express possession by verbs akin to &amp;quot;have&amp;quot;. For example, in situations where a Russian says &lt;strong&gt;у меня много дел&lt;/strong&gt;, a Pole will say &lt;strong&gt;mam wiele rzeczy do zrobienia&lt;/strong&gt;, and a Serb will say &lt;strong&gt;имам пуно посла&lt;/strong&gt;. It would be pretty unusual for a Russian to say &lt;strong&gt;имею много дел&lt;/strong&gt;, but this is precisely what most other Slavs will say. And below are the most common ways to say &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;how many yachts do you have?&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;I have a plane&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; in various Slavic languages:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Polish: Ile masz jachtów? Mam samolot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Czech: Кolik jachet máš? Mám letadlo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Serbian: Колико јахти имаш? Имам авион.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian: Сколько у тебя (есть) яхт? У меня (есть) самолет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is this: Why do Russians, in contrast to most other Slavs, almost not use verbs of possession akin to &amp;quot;have&amp;quot;? In other words, what was the main cultural, historical, or mentality-related factor that resulted in such a difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to read interesting explanations or hypotheses rather than meaningless answers like &amp;quot;that's the way it is&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;that's just how Russian has evolved.&amp;quot; After all, I already know that it is the way it is and that it is how Russian has evolved. The question is why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any thoughts are very welcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-05-22T09:09:28.403" Title="Why do Russians almost not use verbs of possession akin to &quot;have&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="15" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19683" CreationDate="2019-05-20T22:56:43.480" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Near' has nothing to do with 'zero copula' (that's what you tried to explain). In modern Russian it is presented in past/future tense and, in some cases, present/can be added in tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня &lt;strong&gt;была&lt;/strong&gt; машина/у меня (&lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt;) машина/у меня &lt;strong&gt;будет&lt;/strong&gt; машина&lt;/em&gt; (I &lt;strong&gt;had&lt;/strong&gt; a care/I &lt;strong&gt;have&lt;/strong&gt; a car/I &lt;strong&gt;will have&lt;/strong&gt; a car)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not convinced that &lt;em&gt;all thoughts&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;interesting explanations&lt;/em&gt; are useful and fruitful. 'Zero copula' and 'zero verbal predicate' in Russian are relatively well-studied. Zero copula wasn't in use until XIV century as well as zero inflection. And it seems that these events are somewhat related - zero declensional inflection indicates nominative case, zero copula indicates present tense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6755" LastEditorUserId="6755" LastEditDate="2019-05-20T23:13:56.597" LastActivityDate="2019-05-20T23:13:56.597" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19683" CreationDate="2019-05-21T00:17:39.507" Score="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, a shameless plug of &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/7867/%D1%83-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C-%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD-by-him-is-a-suitcase/7868#7868&quot;&gt;my earlier answer&lt;/a&gt; on why &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; does not quite mean &quot;near&quot; (but something more akin to the French &lt;strong&gt;chez&lt;/strong&gt;, i.e. a place/household/domain notion used in the abstract.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, I have a general impression that languages usually start out &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; having a verb for &quot;to have&quot;, and then some evolve it and some don't. Entire language families (as far as I'm aware) do without it, such as Turkic or Semitic. The reconstructed Proto-Indo-European of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schleicher%27s_fable&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Schleicher's fable&lt;/a&gt; doesn't have it, and over all the massive updates it received through the years, no-one challenged the part where &quot;sheep that had no wool&quot; was expressed as &quot;sheep to which wool was not&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since not much is known about Proto-Slavic syntax and idiomatics, it's hard to make the claim that the &lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt; construction is older than the reflexes of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/j%D1%8Cm%C4%9Bti&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;*jьměti&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;/&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/j%D1%8Cmati&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;*jьmati&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in West and South Slavic languages; &lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt; is also obviously not quite the same as the proposed Proto-Indo-European dative construction (&quot;is to me&quot;). However, what's fairly clear is that this verb started out with a more literal meaning (&quot;to take&quot;) and that's pretty much how all Indo-European languages got their &quot;have&quot; verbs: they were all originally verbs for literal taking or holding. If we trace the history of Spanish all the way back to PIE, we can even see it happening twice. First there were the reflexes of the Latin &lt;strong&gt;habeo&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;hold&quot;, then Spanish relegated them to a purely auxiliary function and made &lt;strong&gt;tener&lt;/strong&gt; (also &quot;to hold&quot;) its &quot;having&quot; verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the end, apparently it's not how Russian has evolved; it's how other related languages have evolved and Russian stayed a little more conservative: while not keeping the oldest hypothesised construction, it settled on a similar one instead of the more radical and expressive &quot;hold=&gt;have&quot; approach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2019-05-21T00:35:55.230" LastActivityDate="2019-05-21T00:35:55.230" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19686" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19683" CreationDate="2019-05-21T07:54:31.740" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not just avoiding of 'have'. The very similar behaviour is in typical Russian CV. Applicants usually write something like 'в компании Альфа я был на должности заместителя начальника департамента маркетинга' which is 'In Alpha inc, I was a deputy manager of the marketing department'. At the same time an European would write 'I have done paperwork with Word and Excel in Alpha inc'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the first glance, the example would show avoiding of 'do'. But actually it's a difficult problem of Russian society. Every official sentence have to be ranged according a social importance. 'The Alpha' inc is the most important part, so it has to be the first. Then it should be person as 'I'. And the next it should position. The actual deeds might go only after the position name. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The next point is that more important words cannot depend on a less important one. That's why 'I' cannot interact with 'Alpha inc' or 'the marketing department' cannot have 'I'/'me'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is why a Russian would say 'квартира у меня в собственности' (and 'у меня квартира в собственности' isn't always correct, it could be used only with emphasis in the person). 'квартира' is more important, it should go first and 'я' don't interact with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11784" LastEditorUserId="11784" LastEditDate="2019-05-21T10:41:49.617" LastActivityDate="2019-05-21T10:41:49.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19683" CreationDate="2019-05-21T08:46:41.713" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, I agree with Nikolay Ershov and others who point out that your understanding of &quot;у&quot; is incorrect: it really mostly means belonging (even stronger than chez) and only secondarily and colloquially you can use it to talk about proximity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian absolutely has a verb for ownership, the same &quot;иметь&quot; you mention, but:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;it must be used logically, in the way English uses &quot;own&quot;. &quot;Имею много дел&quot; doesn't make sense for the simple reason that you can't own tasks. &quot;Имею машину&quot; absolutely does make sense and is something a Russian would say.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;As Andrey pointed out, Russian likes to align the grammatical subject of a sentence with the true subject of what you're talking about, so:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;** &lt;strong&gt;Имею машину&lt;/strong&gt;: I am really talking about myself and what awesome possessions I have, hence I am the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;** &lt;strong&gt;У меня есть машина&lt;/strong&gt;: I am emphasising the car, hence it is the subject. This would be used, for example, if you want to give someone a ride.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does blur, especially in informal speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11899" LastEditorUserId="11899" LastEditDate="2019-05-21T20:15:32.043" LastActivityDate="2019-05-21T20:15:32.043" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19683" CreationDate="2019-05-21T12:24:07.717" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;So my question is this: Why do Russians, in contrast to most other Slavs, almost not use verbs of ownership akin to &quot;have&quot;? In other words, what was the main cultural, historical, or mentality-related factor that resulted in such a difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a widely supported theory that Uralic languages have had a strong grammatical influence on East Slavic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, these East Slavic phenomena are attributed to the Uralic influence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Proximal possession (&quot;there is at me&quot; vs. &quot;I have&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Genitive in negative clauses (&lt;em&gt;пью воду / не пью воды&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Vowel reduction (&lt;em&gt;аканье&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Absence of the copula in affirmative sentences (&lt;em&gt;я человек&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;*я есть человек&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-05-21T12:24:07.717" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19664" CreationDate="2019-05-21T15:54:38.313" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found one single case, from &quot;Tsushima&quot;. To be honest, another cases looks like automatically generated comments from a click factory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This expression is very incorrect for a Christian. The Lord ('Господь Бог') has be the only and the single without an option. A Christian could just mention three persons of the Lord which's not the case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think (I am not sure, of cause) that the expression is an editorial error. The novel's text was heavily edited in 1930s before the first publication. The editorial process inserted many errors and false facts in the novel because of ideology. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11784" LastActivityDate="2019-05-21T15:54:38.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19656" CreationDate="2019-05-21T16:28:26.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate the first three sentences like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Should a guy pay for a girl on a date?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why every woman should know how to flirt: the male view.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Should Putin quit?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The cases aren't complete, for sure, but they would show something in common. Verb 'должен' in cases translate as 'having the responsibility'. The responsibility might be different, but the counterpart of the actor is meant to be unresponsible. So we could see the context of all phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Girl must not pay for herself.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Man must not know how to handle a conversation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Russia must not kick him out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb 'должен' should not be confused with another one 'должен был бы'. It's different verbs with different meanings. 'должен был бы' translates as a possibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I would be a male.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11784" LastActivityDate="2019-05-21T16:28:26.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19692" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19671" CreationDate="2019-05-21T17:17:56.717" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The both sentences are correct but they have different meanings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'наблюдать за' translates as 'to monitor'. Watching without any rest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'наблюдать' translates as 'to view'. Watching occasionally. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Похоже, что это единственное место в мире, где можно наблюдать за&#xA;  северным сиянием, нежась в горячем источнике!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means that you are searching for placing an scientific observatory with hot springs. But&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Похоже, что это единственное место в мире, где можно наблюдать&#xA;  северное сияние, нежась в горячем источнике!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means that you're a tourist. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11784" LastActivityDate="2019-05-21T17:17:56.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19693" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19656" CreationDate="2019-05-21T19:39:04.753" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Without knowing the context or guessing at all at the true meaning of the phrases, I'll just give some syntactical explanations I hope will help&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) All of them. It's a general word that includes all of those possibilities in its definition. Should a man pay for any reason?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Phrases like должен(на) уметь, знать, понимать, etc. are interpreted simply as should (be able to, know, etc.) They most often mean &quot;it is best if they knew, could...&quot;&#xA;Occasionally it means expectations about their abilities, but this has an informal register and is clear from context. Other more specific meanings would be clear from context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) Clearly not a prediction since it's phrased as a question, but even if it was &quot;Путин должен уйти&quot;, we still wouldn't think it's a prediction as those would be phrased different if stand-alone and out of context. Such as &quot;Путин уходит/уйдет/скоро уйдет&quot; &quot;Путин собирается уйти&quot; &#xA;But all of the other possibilities you mentioned, yes. For any reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) Должен(на) был(а) can mean should have or had to. Must have means &quot;probably was/did&quot;. In this case it could be both but should have is probably more likely because this phrase stands by itself without context (without reading the article) and can be understood in its own. Though it could be a story about a woman who had to pretend to be a man at some point in the past. So yeah, ambiguous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you've probably discovered, должен is a very versatile word that can be used to express a whole range of meanings. If you want to avoid possible ambiguity, there are other words like стоит, подобает, обязан, пришлось, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2019-05-21T19:39:04.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19694" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19695" CreationDate="2019-05-21T20:10:14.207" Score="1" ViewCount="130" Body="&lt;p&gt;They both seems to mean “to aim”, but dictionaries seem to indicate that it’s:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;наце́лить – наце́ливать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which constitute an aspectual pair, and not&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;це́лить – наце́лить&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as I have previously thought.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8679" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-24T13:50:23.883" LastActivityDate="2019-05-24T13:50:23.883" Title="Do &quot;целить&quot; and &quot;нацеливать&quot; mean the same thing?" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19695" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19694" CreationDate="2019-05-21T22:03:19.107" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;So there are a few things going on here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Russian verbs can contain prefixes (like &lt;code&gt;на-&lt;/code&gt; here) and hence change its meaning and even grammatical properties. So such verbs are not always a pair, since they are actually two different words which have the same root (&lt;code&gt;цел&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this situation in English &lt;code&gt;нацелить и целить&lt;/code&gt; do mean the same thing, but the difference comes from the grammatical usage. Целить is an intransitive verb, whereas both нацелить и нацеливать are transitive verbs. An intransitive verb means that it does not allow a direct object, when transitive verbs do. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian a direct object (called прямое дополнение) doesn't have any prepositions in front of it. A word which serves as a direct object is usually in the accusative or sometimes in the genitive case. Indirect objects would be constructed with a use of prepositions before a word and are conjugated in other cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So an intransitive verb Целить would be then:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Целить в мишень. Целить из ружья в мишень.  To aim at the target. To aim a shotgun at the target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Transitive verbs нацелить and нацеливать would be: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нацелить ружье. Нацеливать ружье. To aim a shotgun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The difference between &lt;code&gt;нацелить&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;нацеливать&lt;/code&gt; is that one is a perfective verb, whereas the second is imperfective. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perfective verbs describe the action that happened or were supposed to happen once, the action that has already finished or it will only start. Due to the fact that the verb implies a finished action, it is never used in the present tense, it only has past and future forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нацелить ружье. In English it would still mean &quot;To aim a shotgun&quot;. The&#xA;  difference is more obvious in Russian when you don't use infinitive&#xA;  forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So let's consider the verbs in the past:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он нацелил ружье. He aimed his shotgun. Action complete, he's ready to&#xA;  shoot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imperfective verb describes the action that is taking place at the current moment, actions with no indication of the start and the end, and actions that haven’t finished yet or actions are repeated multiple times. These verbs have past, present and future forms. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он нацелиВАл ружье. He has been aiming his shotgun. Action was in&#xA;  progress, we don't know if he succeeded or not with aiming, we just&#xA;  know he's been doing it somewhere in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11408" LastEditorUserId="11408" LastEditDate="2019-05-23T20:24:27.320" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T20:24:27.320" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19683" CreationDate="2019-05-22T02:33:31.877" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to summarize what I read on this topic. I did a lot of research and found some interesting things. Possibly you will find my analysis interesting. Comments with opinions are very welcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I first tried to find the etymological origin and the original meaning of the preposition &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; and opened the etymological dictionary by Preobrazhensky. Here is what he says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У предл. c P.; звачения &lt;em&gt;oт&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;во власти&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;при&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;близ&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;около&lt;/em&gt;; напр., просить y кого-нибудь; «у порога наш супостат». ... Значение предл. y &lt;em&gt;во власти&lt;/em&gt; развилось из преф.; напр. «спроси y отца» звачит «&lt;em&gt;от&lt;/em&gt; отца того, что есть &lt;em&gt;во власти&lt;/em&gt; отца» — и т.п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This source clearly says that possession was a derived, not original, meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To verify this, I talked with a Polish exchange student to find out what the same preposition &lt;strong&gt;u&lt;/strong&gt; means in his language and whether this preposition can be used to express possession in Polish. He gave me two example sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Mam kota.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) U mnie jest kot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He explained me the difference between the two sentences. Sentence (1) means, &amp;quot;I have a cat,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;I own a cat.&amp;quot; The sentence says that the cat is mine. Sentence (2) means, &amp;quot;There is a cat at my place.&amp;quot; It is not necessarily my cat. It well may be a stray cat who came to my place to eat something. The cat is just close by.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Asked how he would say &amp;quot;this fish has sharp teeth&amp;quot; in Polish, he said, &amp;quot;Ta ryba ma ostre zęby,&amp;quot; and added that it is impossible to express the same idea by means of the preposition &lt;strong&gt;u&lt;/strong&gt;. He said that an attempt to do so would sound &amp;quot;fake and stupid&amp;quot; despite that it perfectly works in Russian: &amp;quot;У этой рыбы острые зубы.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The explanations by the Polish student in conjunction with what Preobrazhensky says made me pretty confident that possession was not the original meaning of the preposition  &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;. The original meaning appears to be proximity or rather &amp;quot;somewhat displaced from.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also recalled what I had heard about the Indigenous Australians: They lived in tribes, where every single thing belonged to the whole tribe, and their languages did not develop general verbs of possession akin to &amp;quot;have.&amp;quot; I quote from a research article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kayardild, a Tangkic language spoken until recently by Kaiadilt people of Bentinck Island in the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Australia (Evans 1995, 1998), has few verbs of possession and no general verb of possession akin to “have”. The verb karrngija, “keep, keep hold of”, frequently used in discussion of country, can mean “look after”, “guard”, and “be responsible for” something in one’s possession (Evans 1995:55). Yolngu use the word dja:ga (“look after”) in a similar way, as well as ngayathama, “hold”. ...  The Kayardild language has no general concept of “property” (Nicholas Evans pers. com.). The same may be said for Yolngu dialects. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://journals.openedition.org/actesbranly/547&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my wild imagination shows me the following scene. Imagine a Slavic tribe, where every single  thing belongs to the whole group. One man, Dobrynya, asks his tribesmen, &amp;quot;У кого сейчас большой топор?&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;Who is the big ax close by?&amp;quot;) He gets an answer, &amp;quot;Наверно, у Пересвета - он вчера им рубил дерево.&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;Probably Peresvet - he was seen using it to cut a tree yesterday.&amp;quot;) Dobrynya goes to Peresvet and takes the ax in order to use it. Now the ax is &amp;quot;у Добрыни.&amp;quot; Neither Dobrynya nor Peresvet own the ax - the ax merely was &amp;quot;у Пересвета&amp;quot; and now is &amp;quot;у Добрыни.&amp;quot; Dobrynya will use the ax and keep it until someone else takes it to use it. The ax is in collective ownership, and Dobrynya is now the temporary ax keeper, the current holder. He will keep the ax close by - &amp;quot;будет держать у себя.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I hypothesize that the form &amp;quot;у меня,&amp;quot; originally meaning proximity, was also used to express keeping a tool. After all, the tool was kept by its keeper close by.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a matter of fact that for some cultural or historical reasons the Russians, unlike most other Slavs,  failed to deeply incorporate the concept of ownership into their language and, in particular, to develop wide usage of verbs of possession akin to &amp;quot;have,&amp;quot; so the form &amp;quot;у меня&amp;quot; survived and is nowadays used to express both proximity and possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What could the reasons be? I studied the history of Russia in detail and see some possible factors. I will list them below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Russian culture is highly collectivistic. Until the very last centuries, Russian villagers tended to live in extended families, where many things were considered belonging to the whole family. Even if a certain thing was de facto used solely by a single member of the family, he was probably highly reluctant to say something like &amp;quot;I own it,&amp;quot; because such a statement could be interpreted as &amp;quot;I will never give this thing to anyone&amp;quot; and make others very angry, especially the head of the extended family, who could see this as a challenge of his authority and respond, &amp;quot;You own nothing here.&amp;quot; To avoid social conflicts and avoid being deemed selfish, people apparently had to use the most neutral form - &amp;quot;у меня.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Unlike most other Slavs, the Russians were for a few centuries under the Mongol-Tatar yoke, which substantially affected the development of the Russian culture in many ways. The Mongols and Tatars were nomads and had values and mentality very different from those of the Russians, who were settlers. The Mongol mentality was: Everything belongs to the Great Khan and everyone is his servant. During the period of the yoke, no Russian really owned anything in Russia: The Mongols and Tatars chose temporary land managers from noble Russians and gave them temporary permissions to manage various Russian lands - &amp;quot;ярлыки на княжение.&amp;quot; At the very same time most other Slavs were developing their settler cultures in a natural way, not being affected by nomads, and therefore were in a much better position to develop the concept of ownership and integrate it into their languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;For most of the time after the Mongol-Tatar yoke, Russia was characterized by a strong &amp;quot;power vertical,&amp;quot; with absolute power of the tsar within the entire tsardom as well as with absolute power of land managers within their lands. This more or less resembled the social structure of the Mongol Empire. The land managers were called &amp;quot;помещики,&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;помещать&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;to put&amp;quot;), and were &amp;quot;put&amp;quot; on their lands by the tsar, who could later &amp;quot;put&amp;quot; them on different lands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Serfdom was abolished in Russia very late, in 1861. Before the reform, an overwhelming majority of Russians could not own anything, simply because of being serves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 1917, just a few decades after the abolishment of serfdom, Russia became a communist country, where the concept of ownership again became almost non-existent. People worked in &amp;quot;колхозы&amp;quot; (collective farms) and lived in state-owned flats, many of which were &amp;quot;коммунальные квартиры&amp;quot; shared by a number of families. No one owned lands or factories. I think the communists strongly disliked the verbs of ownership like &amp;quot;иметь,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;обладать,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;владеть&amp;quot; and may have discouraged their use in schools, newspapers, on radio, and so on. It is only in the 1990s that Russia ceased to be a communist country.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In view of such history it is not surprising to me that the concept of ownership has not yet been deeply integrated into the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my short answer is this: Apparently, the form &amp;quot;у меня&amp;quot; originally meant proximity and then was also used to express keeping a tool, and this form survived and is nowadays used to express both proximity and possession, as the Russian language did not deeply incorporate the concept of ownership and, in particular, did not develop wide usage of verbs of possession akin to &amp;quot;have,&amp;quot; with some of the possible preventing factors being the Mongol-Tatar yoke, late abolishment of serfdom, and the communist regime.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-22T13:40:03.687" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19697" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19698" CreationDate="2019-05-22T03:47:22.630" Score="6" ViewCount="601" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is this: How did the Russian language end up having different endings in the phrases shown in the title of this post?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I will make some remarks to explain precisely what makes me puzzled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did some research and found that the form &lt;strong&gt;я студентка&lt;/strong&gt; evolved from the form &lt;strong&gt;я/азъ есмь студентка&lt;/strong&gt;, where &lt;strong&gt;есмь&lt;/strong&gt; is the present tense first person singular form of &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt; and is no longer used in the Russian language (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;), so &lt;strong&gt;есмь&lt;/strong&gt; is simply omitted nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, whilst &lt;strong&gt;была&lt;/strong&gt; is followed by an object in the instrumental case, &lt;strong&gt;есмь&lt;/strong&gt; is followed by an object in the nominative case, as can be seen in the following illustrative example below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Азъ есмь Богъ, въ вѣкахъ предсказанный (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7_%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3_(%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82)/%D0%94%D0%9E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Азъ есмь Софья. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.goodreads.com/series/169794&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и рече Игорь ко Асколду: «вы нѣста князя, ни роду княжа, нь азъ есмь князь, и мнѣ достоить княжити». (&lt;a href=&quot;http://yakov.works/acts/12/pvl/novg10.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that even before &lt;strong&gt;есмь&lt;/strong&gt; disappeared, it required a grammatical case different from the one required by &lt;strong&gt;был&lt;/strong&gt;, despite &lt;strong&gt;есмь&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;был&lt;/strong&gt; being one and the same verb taken in the present and past tenses, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google shows that people also say &lt;strong&gt;я была студентка&lt;/strong&gt;, but this variant is ~300 times less common than &lt;strong&gt;я была студенткой&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder how one and the same verb &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt; can require one case in the present tense and a different case in the past tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Perhaps it is better to ask the question as follows: Why do people say &lt;strong&gt;кем он был&lt;/strong&gt;, but never say &lt;strong&gt;кем он есть&lt;/strong&gt; and prefer &lt;strong&gt;кто он есть (такой)&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-11-10T23:37:39.877" Title="Why are the endings in &quot;я студентка&quot; and &quot;я была студенткой&quot; different?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;essive&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19698" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19697" CreationDate="2019-05-22T05:38:16.227" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To summarize&lt;/strong&gt;: In the sentence &lt;code&gt;Я студентка.&lt;/code&gt; you have &lt;code&gt;студентка&lt;/code&gt; (nominative) serving as a predicate without a copula. In the modern usage, the copula is usually omitted in the present tense. If you don't have a copula, your predicate is always in a nominative case. In the sentence &lt;code&gt;Я была студенткой.&lt;/code&gt; you have a compound predicate &lt;code&gt;была студенткой&lt;/code&gt; (in instrumental form). Generally, both nominative and instrumental cases could be possible with a copula in the past or future tenses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;To analyse in detail&lt;/strong&gt;, this &lt;a href=&quot;http://issuesinlinguistics.ru/pubfiles/2007-1_18-26.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source claims&lt;/a&gt;, that nowadays for the past tense you can actually decline the predicate noun in either nominative or instrumental case. An exception is when &lt;em&gt;a present tense&lt;/em&gt; is used (either with or without a copula &lt;code&gt;быть&lt;/code&gt;), where &lt;em&gt;a nominative case is compulsory&lt;/em&gt;. For the past tense the preference would still tend to be the instrumental case (&lt;code&gt;Я была студенткой.&lt;/code&gt;). The first (p. 21) and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.moderna.uu.se/digitalAssets/122/a_122317-f_mikhaylovslutseminarium03092012.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the second (p. 34)&lt;/a&gt; sources confirm that fact: &lt;code&gt;Он был русский. Он был русским.&lt;/code&gt;, however in negation, an instrumental case (&lt;code&gt;Он не был русским.&lt;/code&gt;) is preferable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the authors do give preference to the instrumental case, they claim that nominative still plays a role (in some situations), e.g., when a speaker considers predicative as a determinative trait of a subject. Some examples: &lt;code&gt;Он был художник. Он был настоящий художник&lt;/code&gt; - you want to really emphasize &lt;code&gt;He was an ARTIST.&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;Он был американец. Он был талантливый человек. Он был энтузиаст.&lt;/code&gt; For more examples, check source 1, p. 23.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In terms of historical development&lt;/strong&gt;, the choice between nominative and instrumental cases depends on the period. The first source on p. 18 and the second source on p. 26 both claim that until the 15th century, the nominative case was the most commonly used, whereas the instrumental case was only used for indications of professions and ranks. The semantic difference was that the nominative case indicated some permanent state of a subject, whereas instrumental indicated a temporary state. Starting from the 18th century, the instrumental case starts being used more and more often instead of the nominative (again, the exception, as you already pointed out, is in the present tense with or without copula &lt;code&gt;быть&lt;/code&gt;, where nominative is used). The semantic difference blurs out with the instrumental case being used within contexts where it wasn't used before. A very detailed analysis is given in the second source on pages 34-37.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11408" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2020-11-10T23:37:39.877" LastActivityDate="2020-11-10T23:37:39.877" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19694" CreationDate="2019-05-22T07:45:40.597" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both words aren't used in used in the modern language, you wouldn't hear them in hunters' or shooters' societies/clubs. Just in literature. If a word hasn't everyday user, practically nobody could say what it means. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct modern translation of 'to aim' is 'прицелить'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11784" LastActivityDate="2019-05-22T07:45:40.597" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19694" CreationDate="2019-05-22T08:03:00.837" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most sufficient difference is that &lt;strong&gt;целить&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; be used without a direct object (&lt;em&gt;= целить&lt;strong&gt;ся&lt;/strong&gt;, метить, направлять выстрел&lt;/em&gt;) while &lt;strong&gt;нацели(ва)ть&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;can't&lt;/em&gt; (only &lt;em&gt;нацеливать ружьё, пистолет... на что-либо, куда-либо&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Целил&lt;/strong&gt; в ворону, а попал в корову. (поговорка)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вдруг вижу, что он вынул и &lt;strong&gt;целит пистолет&lt;/strong&gt; (Л. Добринская)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To aim at = &lt;em&gt;целить&lt;strong&gt;ся&lt;/strong&gt; в&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-22T08:19:59.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19697" CreationDate="2019-05-22T11:33:00.677" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's couple different questions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;'я была студентка' and 'я была студенткой' are both correct. The actual difference is regional. Most Russian regions use the first, a couple regions use the second.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The sentence is 'Person был Role'. It actually is a Partitive case. This case nowadays practically absent in Russian, and replaced by Genetive or Nominative (see p.1). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11784" LastEditorUserId="11784" LastEditDate="2019-05-22T11:41:57.897" LastActivityDate="2019-05-22T11:41:57.897" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19683" CreationDate="2019-05-22T12:15:22.780" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;(Here is an empirical explanation of the modern habbit; I'm not a linguistics specialist and could only speculate on the &lt;em&gt;reasons&lt;/em&gt; of such pattern)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because complicated morphology allows us Russians not to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using a verb usually implies some action. Having/possessing something is not an &lt;em&gt;action&lt;/em&gt; - it's a &lt;em&gt;statement&lt;/em&gt;. We don't use a verb for a statement in general - and the language doesn't utilize any auxiliary verbs. A verb is summonned when there is an actor (initiative), action or time involved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я имею ложку&quot; thus sounds unnatural (though grammatically acceptable and would be understood by anyone). It hints you are for some reason &lt;em&gt;active&lt;/em&gt; or agitated about this simple fact of possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also we don't have subtle verb times. There are only past, present and future ones. One cannot express if one is doing something currently (continuous time) or does the thing in general (simple time). Thus &quot;я имею ложку&quot; is also obscure and frustrating - it is not clear if you're just the spoon's owner or going to do something weird with it (see below).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. The direct use of the possession verb &quot;иметь&quot; can also be easily recognized as an obscene joke or assault, because that verb also means &quot;willingly undertake a sexual intercourse with smb/smth in the active role, probably without consent&quot;. Please avoid using it altogether if that's not your intent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.P.S. Note that recently colloquial Russian language have adopted some foreign phrases and idioms with possession semantics. Those've been eventually converted to the local form of &quot;[у]-[кого-то]-[есть]-[что-то]&quot;, but originally we had their counterparts deprived of possession.&#xA;E.g. &quot;I have an idea&quot; - before adopting the idiom we used to form a phrase along the &quot;I thought about it thoroughly...decided...&quot; etc.&#xA;We don't &quot;have&quot; snacks, lunches or ideas. We eat/produce them. &quot;Having&quot; is an alien idiom for a Russian. I guess this adds to the low frequency of using &quot;иметь&quot; even in its prime, formal meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11908" LastActivityDate="2019-05-22T12:15:22.780" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="780" CreationDate="2019-05-22T12:17:51.253" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Сладкий' and 'Пресный' are words with different origins. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;'Сладкий' came from Proto-Slavonic root 'сол' via 'солодкий'. This means tastiness. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;'Пресный' is from 'сыт' via 'пресыщать'. This means fullness. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is supposition that the difference is between feelings of drinker. In one case drinkers usually felt tastiness, in another one drinkers felt fullness. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Updated. Initially the first point had an wrong root.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11784" LastEditorUserId="11784" LastEditDate="2019-05-23T09:47:29.833" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T09:47:29.833" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19697" CreationDate="2019-05-22T12:37:59.357" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd rather ask why those ending should match. But wait, they do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase &quot;Я - студентка&quot; (notice the hyphen, it is commonly* required) is a shortcut for: &quot;Я являюсь студентк&lt;strong&gt;ой&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. The shortcut would sound weird if the object preserved the form (&quot;Я - студенткой&quot;); thus it switches to &quot;infinitive&quot; neutral form. The hyphen would signal the verb omission.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The past tense simply doesn't have such shortcut.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase &quot;Я была студентк&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is unconventially drammatic (poetic); it is somewhat akin to subject-verb inversion in the English (&quot;The pain felt he&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should set your mind about nouns and adjectives to always be in a specific form, unless being the subject. &quot;Студентка&quot; is not the subject in your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*hyphen is required in similar cases more often than not; however in this particular case a personal pro-noun &lt;strong&gt;Я&lt;/strong&gt; is used together with a noun as the predicate, thus the hyphen &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; be omitted. Consider these examples: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Моя сестра - студентка&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Моя сестра является студенткой&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Моя сестра была студенткой&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Why do people say &lt;strong&gt;кем он был&lt;/strong&gt;, but never say &lt;strong&gt;кем он есть&lt;/strong&gt; and prefer &lt;strong&gt;кто он есть (такой)&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Кем он есть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is a grammarly forbidden sentence. One can say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Кем он является (сегодня)&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, if you want to use &lt;strong&gt;кем&lt;/strong&gt;, or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кто он есть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (which you already mentioned).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the past case one can say either &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кем он был&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кто он был&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is some bias towards &quot;кем&quot; in usage frequency between those sentences, it is not rational but rather a matter of preferences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11908" LastEditorUserId="11908" LastEditDate="2019-05-23T09:21:47.497" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T09:21:47.497" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19705" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19706" CreationDate="2019-05-22T14:06:20.903" Score="5" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary says that the word &lt;strong&gt;если&lt;/strong&gt; (&amp;quot;if&amp;quot;) originated from &lt;strong&gt;есть ли&lt;/strong&gt;  (literally &amp;quot;whether is&amp;quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Происходит от стар. естьли (ещё у Карамзина), ср.: укр. єсли, польск. jeśli, др.-польск. jestli, чешск. jestli и т. д. Из jestь li. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also found in Google that &lt;strong&gt;есть ли&lt;/strong&gt; (written as two separate words or as a single word) was routinely used in old Russian texts to express &lt;strong&gt;if&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) &lt;strong&gt;Естьли&lt;/strong&gt; въ ариѳметикѣ изъ двухъ данныхъ чиселъ третіе слѣдуетъ непрекословно, то и въ семъ происшествіи слѣдствіе было необходимо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) А &lt;strong&gt;есть ли&lt;/strong&gt; бъ Карпъ или Сидоръ названъ былъ, такъ тогда навѣдаться можно объ нихъ и отъ нихъ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) Могъ ли бъ я вѣрить, &lt;strong&gt;есть ли&lt;/strong&gt; бъ я не видѣлъ, кто меня нынѣ толь возненавидѣлъ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Sentences (1)-(3) &lt;strong&gt;есть ли&lt;/strong&gt; does precisely the same thing as &lt;strong&gt;если&lt;/strong&gt; does in modern Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, I also found numerous examples of using &lt;strong&gt;есть ли&lt;/strong&gt; to express &lt;strong&gt;if&lt;/strong&gt; in modern Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) В идеале, хотелось бы узнать, существует ли закон, обязывающий физическое лицо платить НДФЛ от переводов полученных от юр. лиц. И &lt;strong&gt;есть ли&lt;/strong&gt; есть, то где можно почитать про это и проверить какие там есть исключения. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://pravoved.ru/question/2312885&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) &lt;strong&gt;Есть ли&lt;/strong&gt; есть желание, Вы можете передать эти вопросы рекрутеру и попросить ответить на эти вопросы через email. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://habr.com/ru/post/289050/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6) Есть ли в ваших магазинах духи Legacy Cristiano Ronaldo? И &lt;strong&gt;есть ли&lt;/strong&gt; есть подскажите стоимость. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rivegauche.ru/faq/question/est-li-v-vashih-magazinah-duhi-legacy-cristiano-ronaldo-i-est-li-est-podskazhite-0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: Given that &lt;strong&gt;если&lt;/strong&gt; already contains &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt;, is &lt;strong&gt;если есть&lt;/strong&gt; a kind of repetition like &lt;strong&gt;буде будет&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;масло масляное&lt;/strong&gt;? In other words, is using &lt;strong&gt;если есть&lt;/strong&gt; somewhat hilarious or disrespectful to the history of the Russian language, and should I therefore avoid using &lt;strong&gt;если есть&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T00:31:48.540" Title="Is &quot;если есть&quot; a kind of tautology?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;clauses&gt;&lt;conditional&gt;&lt;subordinate-clause&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19705" CreationDate="2019-05-22T15:31:23.750" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not at all. People use &lt;strong&gt;если есть&lt;/strong&gt; all the time, and avoiding it would be as gratuitously pedantic as avoiding &lt;strong&gt;был бы&lt;/strong&gt;. The connection is no longer felt, and the &lt;code&gt;есть ли&lt;/code&gt; of your examples 4–6 is a spelling mistake despite being etymologically correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2019-05-22T15:31:23.750" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="780" CreationDate="2019-05-22T17:01:54.260" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern Bulgarian (which is profoundly related to Russian) there is a clear indication of such relation between &quot;сладкий&quot; and &quot;пресный&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have &quot;сладководна риба&quot; (freshwater fish in contrast to &quot;морска риба&quot; - sea fish)&#xA;&quot;сладководно езеро&quot; (freshwater lake)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but never &quot;сладка вода&quot; (except in a very abstract context). The water itself is always &quot;прясна вода&quot; (either fresh water - good for drinking or saltless water body, depending on the context)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11909" LastActivityDate="2019-05-22T17:01:54.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19708" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19705" CreationDate="2019-05-23T00:31:48.540" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, for russian speaker it hears &lt;em&gt;if is&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;if eat&lt;/em&gt; dont forget to be | eat = есть so there is also lexem ambigity here, russian is so weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Do not judge modern russian by reading old one with ѣ whatever&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11914" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T00:31:48.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19660" CreationDate="2019-05-23T10:12:11.670" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;1) В четвертом значении по приведенной ссылке на википедию имеем: &quot;(often humorous) A man, a fellow, a male friend.&quot; Ну и переведите, как обычно на русском называют приятеля в шутку по-спортивному (т.е. с вызовом и колкостью, которые незнакомый человек воспримет как оскорбление).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Говнюк, засранец&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Старик, клюшка, развалина, старина&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Чувак, поц&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Скотина, чёрт&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или возьмите какой-нибудь перевод для других прозвищ типа lad, fish, chap, fellow (это будет нейтральнее и безопаснее).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кстати, для современной аудитории (на вскидку, от 1995 года рождения) собственно &quot;ублюдок&quot; уже является известной заимствованной идиомой в этом четвертом значении. Молодые люди часто используют словосочетания &quot;больной ублюдок&quot; (в смысле неудачливый, непонятный, сумасшедший или непредсказуемый), &quot;счастливый ублюдок&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Соответственно, такое обращение к девушке совершенно неуместно по лексической причине - в словаре явно указан применяемый пол; морально-этический аспект - второстепенный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако можно представить ситуацию, в которой в некоем обществе к девушке показательно относятся, как к мужчине. Например, положительно, чтобы выразить равенство и доверие (&quot;она - свой в доску парень&quot;), или отрицательно, чтобы подчеркнуть мужеподобность (&quot;она похожа на боксера в сверхтяжелом весе&quot;). Тогда обращение bastard хотя бы обретает &lt;em&gt;логический смысл&lt;/em&gt; в контексте. О моральной допустимости такого обращения к девушке см. ниже п.3 и ответ @AR.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) Из одного предложения невозможно понять, будет ли считаться обращение bastard неприличным или ругательным. Нужно установить контекст. Как давно знакомы говорящие друг с другом, какова тема разговора, как развиваются их отношения, есть ли свидетели, каковы их социальные статусы и разница в статусе между ними и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@AR. справедливо указывает, что слово является &lt;em&gt;приличным&lt;/em&gt; - потому что у него есть конкретное исходное значение. В беседе, где необходимо обсудить буквальное значение (происхождение ребенка), оно приличное. Но в вашем примере, скорее всего, оно неприличное (как минимум - неформальное), потому что вряд ли в кратком прямом обращении (&quot;эй ты, ублюдок&quot;) используется буквальное значение - предложение теряет смысл. Скорее всего, говорящий пытается обидеть адресата, а это является &lt;em&gt;нарушением приличий&lt;/em&gt;. Есть приличные слова, которые можно использовать неприличным образом. Например, за обедом неприлично обсуждать тему физиологических отправлений и употреблять приличное слово &quot;фекалии&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Степень &quot;ругательности&quot; определить без контекста гораздо сложнее. Я думаю, здесь - это ругательство, т.к. в предложении 2 раза используется местоимение (you). В начале предложения оно стоит к месту, а вот второе употребление вместе с bastard - явное ударение. Говорящий, похоже, испытывает стресс. Возможно шутит, чтобы скрыть стресс. В любом случае, такое ударение - признак неформальной речи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но можно представить ситуацию, при которой говорящий - простолюдин, а адресат - бастард; тогда говорящий имеет все основания завидовать статусу бастарда (впрочем, даже в этой ситуации можно использовать обращение &quot;бастард&quot; как ругательство, например, чтобы унизить адресата при свидетелях, имеющих чистое происхождение).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чтобы понять проблематику употребления bastard, попробуйте в случайные фразы с обращением вставлять какой-нибудь термин, обозначающий происхождение/статус человека, например &quot;холоп&quot;, &quot;барин&quot;, &quot;вельможа&quot;, &quot;раб&quot;. Если вам покажется, что в контексте результат будет неуместным, оскорбительным - это ругательство. Если результат будет ироничным - это не совсем приличная шутка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11908" LastEditorUserId="11908" LastEditDate="2019-05-23T13:52:54.713" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T13:52:54.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19641" CreationDate="2019-05-23T12:45:15.293" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;(Я подразумеваю, что автор вопроса имеет трудности с конкретным значением слова &lt;strong&gt;пускать/пустить&lt;/strong&gt;: &quot;&lt;em&gt;давать физический, пространственный доступ кому-либо&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. В этом значении оно пересекается по смыслу с глаголом &lt;strong&gt;допускать/допустить&lt;/strong&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Допустить&lt;/strong&gt; - более формальный либо абстрактный вариант. Он означает:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;то же, что и &lt;strong&gt;пустить&lt;/strong&gt;, но в более серьезной административной форме;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;то же, что и &lt;strong&gt;пустить&lt;/strong&gt;, но без указания конкретного времени или совершения факта допуска;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;допуск в абстрактном смысле, не обязательно физический или пространственный&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пустить&lt;/strong&gt; - более обыденный, неформальный либо более конкретный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примеры степени формальности:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Журналиста допустили в зал совещания&lt;/strong&gt; (может использоваться в официальной, пафосной речи)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дворник пустил в комнату кошку&lt;/strong&gt; (обыденная ситуация, в которой использование &quot;&lt;strong&gt;допустить&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; выглядит глумливо и нецелесообразно, как в &quot;&lt;strong&gt;дворник устроил для кошки званый ужин&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примеры общего/конкретного использования:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сотрудникам запрещен доступ в кабинет №31&lt;/strong&gt; (официальное положение, регламент, общее правило без конкретных лиц/дат/случаев)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Охранника уволили за то, что он пустил незнакомого человека в кабинет №31&lt;/strong&gt; (конкретный случай нарушения регламента)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Охранник уволен за нерегламентированный допуск постороннего лица&lt;/strong&gt; (тот же конкретный случай, но описанный более формальным, сухим языком)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Журналиста не пустили в зал несмотря на наличие официального допуска&lt;/strong&gt; (факт недопущения журналиста - конкретный случай; допуск - официальный документ, устанавливающий &lt;em&gt;общее&lt;/em&gt; право посещения без указания на конкретный случай; если журналист вообще не придет, его не смогут пустить, хотя у него есть допуск &lt;em&gt;в принципе&lt;/em&gt;, как право)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примеры абстрактного/буквального использования:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Студента допустили к экзаменам&lt;/strong&gt; (экзамен может проходить удаленно; имел место запрет на &lt;em&gt;участие&lt;/em&gt; в мероприятиях - допуск снял запрет на абстрактное участие; вероятно, студент не воспользуется полученной возможностью)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Студента не пустили на экзамен по алгебре&lt;/strong&gt; (студент пытался совершить что-то конкретное, войти в аудиторию, в которой проходит экзамен; кем-то совершенно конкретное силовое действие по удержанию и недопущению в аудиторию; либо он спрашивал разрешение, но ему отказали на словах - в конкретной беседе)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Уровень нравов будет неизбежно падать, если допустить на идеологическом уровне саму мысль об исключительном статусе интересов личности&lt;/strong&gt; (философский спор о допущении/недопущении образа мышления)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пусти мою руку, негодяй, или я устрою скандал&lt;/strong&gt; (кто-то физически удерживает говорящего)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11908" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T12:45:15.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19539" CreationDate="2019-05-23T17:53:00.703" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;How comes none of the answers was marked?&#xA;Anyway, here is a friendly beginner's survival guide to the almighty &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(pun intended; &quot;мочь&quot; is also related to &quot;might&quot; and &quot;power&quot; - &quot;мощность&quot;, &quot;сила&quot;)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(If you didn't ask for a learning methodology and only need a rational explanation about the word's numerous, contradicting meanings, please scroll down to paragraph 5)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;1. Accept the problem&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bad things happen, Russians use the same lexical unit to express loosely related, distant categories. &lt;strong&gt;Can/able&lt;/strong&gt; translates into &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;may/admissioned&lt;/strong&gt; translates into &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt;. And &lt;strong&gt;possibly/probably/presumably&lt;/strong&gt; too. I guess you've passed this stage already.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;2. Relax&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All Russian students have the mirrored head ache. They have some great time understanding why English people use so many different words - where Russians &lt;em&gt;accustomed&lt;/em&gt; to use a single one. In both cases the problem is resolved through addiction and habbits (see below). You're not stupid. Langauge is. Think of it as irrational and habit-driven by default.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each language comes with a bag of ugly distortions which can only be accepted after some time. You can't digest it in a flash. Let it flow naturally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;3. Practice constantly&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You brain will eventually re-wire to &lt;em&gt;use&lt;/em&gt; the word properly - even without truly understanding the underlying reasons. Most Russians are &lt;strong&gt;absolutely helpless&lt;/strong&gt; about the problem you've raised. Seriously, you'll knock out nearly anybody with it. It's an academic issue most mortals aren't aware of. A centipede will stumble the next moment you ask how does it control so many legs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Our brain is not super-good at rationalizing, it's best feature - mimicking what it witnessed. Let go the &lt;em&gt;understanding&lt;/em&gt; urge. You may or may not aquire it over time - it is not directly related to successfull ability to &lt;strong&gt;correctly and fluently use&lt;/strong&gt; a language. Statistics are on your side here: a foreign language is not a crypto-system and it wasn't designed to resist you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you keep reading and using the language (emphasize on problematic patterns, storm the examples of &quot;мочь&quot; regularly), it will inevitably find its way into your mind, and you'll be &lt;em&gt;thinking&lt;/em&gt; in Russian in no time. The real issue is the &lt;em&gt;switch&lt;/em&gt; between the 2 different thinking patterns, but that's off topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;4. Comfort yourself with rationale&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Think of learning the rational reasons and the rules as a secondary activity, developing your individuality. Knowing &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt; Russians use &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt; in seemingly unrelated cases won't help you much in pursuing practical short-term goals. As you grow more accustomed, those overcomplicated rational explanations will fall into place easier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;5. Break the problem into large categories&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you still read this and plan to go all rational against my advice, I propose to divide the examples you offered into 3 groups to &lt;em&gt;grasp the underlying consistency&lt;/em&gt; (which you stated remains ellusive to you):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Group A, where &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt; denotes an &lt;em&gt;inner&lt;/em&gt; ability and willingness;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Group B, where &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt; implies a dependency from &lt;em&gt;others&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Group C, where &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt; is an ugly, nasty shortcut for a &lt;em&gt;hypothesis&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;speculation&lt;/em&gt; statement&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Isn't that easy? Let's try to recognize the particular group in your examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Group B. The society prohibits harming children. Suggested translation: &quot;Nobody is allowed to put children in danger...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Group A. The man is totally able and self-sufficient, but lacks any motive. &quot;Can ..., but doesn't desire to&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) Group A. Again, it's about man's &lt;em&gt;internal&lt;/em&gt; decisions and reflections. &quot;He just can't betray his people...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) Group C. The speaker blatantly speculates, basing on rumors or some insider's data. &quot;Savchenko &lt;strong&gt;might be freed&lt;/strong&gt; on 15'th...&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;5) I'm sorry, it's an exception, an idiom. You've been unlucky to hit it and ruin yourself a day. It is equivalent of: &quot;бывает, он часами разглядывает&quot; or simply &quot;он часами разглядывает&quot; (the latter is too blunt, unexpressive). This idiom is used to better express the typical case of present &lt;em&gt;simple&lt;/em&gt; tense, as the language simply lacks auxiliary verbs for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;6) Group B. Students got a permission. It's not their decision, they're recipients of someone's favor. &quot;You are permitted to use...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feel free to add more examples. It is totally possible I forgot some usage group. Like I said, a natural speaker uses the language on an everyday basis without rational, exhaustive awareness of its distortions and features.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;5.2. Recognizing/emitting the Group C&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My wild guess is that Group C bugs you the most. (For this reason I omitted the paragraph 5.1, which should have explained how to distinguish between groups A and B; other answers offer an exhaustive insight on that. Leave a comment if you'd enjoy any clues on that too).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The grammatical form &quot;&lt;strong&gt;[X] может [Y]&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in the Group C is an unfriendly shortcut for: &quot;&lt;strong&gt;[X] возможно совершит [Y]&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;[X], может быть, совершит [Y]&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. The ellusive &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt; here is just a reduced remnant of &lt;strong&gt;возможно&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;possibly&lt;/strong&gt;). The &lt;em&gt;ability&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;possibility&lt;/em&gt; categories are rather loosely related philosophically. Russian language derives those from the same root.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To discern this case from Groups A, B, look at the context of the sentence. In a speculation statement the predicate &lt;strong&gt;может&lt;/strong&gt; is not related neither to subject's will/ability, nor to permissioning to execute the action. The sentence would simply lack such information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back to example 4). Does she want to exit the prison? Not stated. Can she do it on her own? Unknown, but unlikely - otherwise the news would scream of a jailbreak, not simply &lt;strong&gt;может&lt;/strong&gt;. Somebody gave her a permission? No, we can't tell from the sentence alone! Ergo, it's only speaker's opinion on what &lt;em&gt;might happen&lt;/em&gt;. The statement is in fact so obscure and logically non-binding, that you can't tell if she is going to be freed at some other day or not freed at all!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The statement is not about her will or ability; neither it gave any clue as to &lt;em&gt;who&lt;/em&gt; in particular is responsible for setting the date, whom she depends on. It's only an &lt;em&gt;assumption about something&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;ability/disability&lt;/em&gt;, nor &lt;em&gt;will&lt;/em&gt;, nor anybody's &lt;em&gt;participation&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;admission&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Emitting group C is pretty straightforward. &quot;You might stumble on this cable&quot; - &quot;Ты можешь споткнуться об этот кабель&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;5.3. Recognizing/emitting idioms&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See paragraph 3. Idioms can't be ruled out, you just have to get accustomed to them through repetition. I'm sure you'll enjoy it. Also I couldn't list them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;6. How to translate to English&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translating Eng-&gt;Rus is not an issue for you, isn't it? Basically, you just replace &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;may&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;might&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;possibly&lt;/strong&gt; (with a verb), &lt;strong&gt;allowed&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;permitted&lt;/strong&gt; etc. - into &lt;strong&gt;может&lt;/strong&gt;. No big deal. (Surely you know what to do with &lt;strong&gt;cannot&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;denied&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;unlikely&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;not allowed&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've already discussed emitting Group C and exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Group A's &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt; typically translates into &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;is able&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Group B's &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt; behaves more sophisticated in the English, in my opinion. You always have safer options to translate it to &lt;strong&gt;permitted to&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;allowed to&lt;/strong&gt;. But choosing between &lt;strong&gt;may&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; is not always rational. Normally (as explained in student books), one would convert to &lt;strong&gt;may&lt;/strong&gt;, but...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please refer to example 1). You can translate to: &quot;Nobody is allowed...&quot;. But would anybody say: &quot;Nobody may hurt children...&quot;? I guess not. And I don't know &lt;em&gt;why&lt;/em&gt;, it's just an &lt;em&gt;empirical impression&lt;/em&gt; whispering in me, insisting to say: &quot;Nobody can hurt my children!&quot; You see what I meants in the paragraph 3? My brain pushes me in the right direction, but I don't know the reason behind it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English is being more sophisticated here. In this example the context is clearly about &lt;em&gt;denying a permission&lt;/em&gt;, the society puts some restrictions; it doesn't discuss somebody's unwillingness. Well, I never said those logical groups I proposed are equally good for both languages! After all, you asked to &lt;em&gt;understand&lt;/em&gt; a Russian word, not to find a perfect English counterpart. I hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Advanced tricks&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;How to lie using surveys and statistics&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When people can't understand the context of a question, they either (rarely) counter with a refining question to restore the context, or (more commonly for a &lt;em&gt;busy&lt;/em&gt; random stranger) &lt;em&gt;imply&lt;/em&gt; a context of their own taste. Something which corresponds best to their current mood. Please check the Russian word &lt;strong&gt;додумать&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can use ambiguous phrasing to subtly bias people into picking the (secretly) anticipated answer. The goal of a survey is usually to make an illusion of people's opinion. Example 7) shows such exploit in action. The phrase is simply ambiguous and that survey's results in question should be ignored. It's a trash data, collected specifically to accomplish some political trick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can't infer the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;мочь&lt;/strong&gt; in the example 7), because it &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; the purpose: deliberately asking an &lt;em&gt;ambiguous&lt;/em&gt; phrase to &lt;em&gt;trick&lt;/em&gt; people. People were caught off-guard on a street and didn't have a chance to think about the question and the consequences of their choice. So you're right about overthinking this case; but it wasn't meant to be answered objectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize: &lt;em&gt;nobody could precisely understand&lt;/em&gt; the question 7).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11908" LastEditorUserId="11908" LastEditDate="2019-05-24T14:09:25.830" LastActivityDate="2019-05-24T14:09:25.830" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19712" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19714" CreationDate="2019-05-23T22:28:38.940" Score="5" ViewCount="237" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.npacific.ru/np/library/publikacii/historykam/istkam1-1.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ОЧЕРК ГЛАВНЕЙШИХ СОБЫТИЙ В КАМЧАТКЕ. 1650—1855&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; by Sgibnev, 1869, contains this passage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Января 13-го 1758 г. прибыл в Нижнекамчатск штат-фурьер Шахтуров для выбора ко двору камчадальских девиц. Он привез к камчатским тоенам Высочайший рескрипт, в котором была выдержана цель поездки в Камчатку Шахтурова и уверение в том, что дочерям их не будет ни в пути, ни при Дворе никаких обид. Выбрав шесть молодых дочерей тоенов, Шахтуров в том же году отправился с ним в Петербург, куда прибыл только через год, потому, что всем девицам пришлось разрешиться в пути от бремени, благодаря вниманию к ним Шахтурова.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't quite discern what Shakhturov promised the girls' fathers to avoid. Was this outcome precisely the &lt;em&gt;обид&lt;/em&gt; he supposedly meant?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T14:26:19.710" Title="&quot;дочерям их не будет ни в пути, ни при Дворе никаких обид&quot;" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19712" CreationDate="2019-05-23T23:22:55.313" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Обида&lt;/em&gt; in this (quite archaic) sense means &amp;quot;wrong, harm, mischief&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shahkturov promised the girls' fathers that they (the daughters) will be treated well and no harm would be done to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Synodal translation of the Bible gives us several examples of this usage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ты видишь, Господи, обиду мою; рассуди дело мое //  O Lord, thou hast seen my wrong: judge thou my cause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Так говорит Господь Бог: довольно вам, князья Израилевы! отложите обиды и угнетения и творите суд и правду // Thus saith the Lord GOD; Let it suffice you, O princes of Israel: remove violence and spoil, and execute judgment and justice&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;У тебя отца и мать злословят, пришельцу делают обиду среди тебя, сироту и вдову притесняют у тебя //  In thee have they set light by father and mother: in the midst of thee have they dealt by oppression with the stranger: in thee have they vexed the fatherless and the widow&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T23:22:55.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19714" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19712" CreationDate="2019-05-23T23:28:23.463" Score="12" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“дочерям их не будет ни в пути, ни при Дворе никаких обид”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not a native speaker, but it is pretty straightforward, so I cannot miss the rare opportunity to answer: &quot;Their daughters won't suffer any injustice or mistreatment on their way to the Royal Court or at it.&quot; The promise is of a very general character and is, essentially, &quot;Don't worry, everything will be fine, your daughters won't have any reason to complain.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-05-23T23:51:37.737" LastActivityDate="2019-05-23T23:51:37.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19524" CreationDate="2019-05-24T01:13:32.380" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я поигрываю (время от времени, иногда) вполне сносно звучит (что-то вроде неопределенного времени в настоящем). Буду поигрывать -- несколько странно, так точно не говорят, не говоря уж об &quot;едал&quot; в любом времени. А вот бывал (т.е. иногда, временами) вполне допустимо для прошлого неопределенного. &quot;Едал&quot; же звучит смешно независимо от времени. Вы можете рассматривать перечисленные глаголы (поигрывать, бывать) как отдельные глаголы, не применяемые в некоторых временах, а не как отдельную форму от &quot;играть&quot;, &quot;быть&quot;.&#xA;Удачи в русском!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11922" LastActivityDate="2019-05-24T01:13:32.380" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19717" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19659" CreationDate="2019-05-24T17:22:41.227" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian speakers would often ignore the differences and use all those words interchangeably indeed. You're quite safe combining them randomly, but should be aware of the reasons of such disregard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The knowledge of agriculture, nature and geology has dropped significantly. In big cities many people couldn't explain how potato grows and simply wouldn't survive in the country without food delivered to stores. Some can't explain the difference between a &quot;rock&quot; and a &quot;mountain&quot;. You shouldn't expect that everybody actually understand what &lt;code&gt;луг&lt;/code&gt; (meadow) or &lt;code&gt;поле&lt;/code&gt; (field) precisely mean. They might just misusing it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Many Russian people love to toy (tinker, fool) around with the words. We often do it just for fun. One can deliberately use an archaic form of a word, a synonym in the wrong context, a metonymy, etc. Thus if a person uses the phrase: &quot;вчера подстриг свою лужайку&quot;, it is entirely possible that he is aware of the word's true meaning (one doesn't &lt;em&gt;trim&lt;/em&gt; a wild &lt;em&gt;meadow&lt;/em&gt;, mind you) and is just being casual with you.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you participate in a formal conversation, you should familiarize with the real, proper meanings of those words, lest you appear &lt;em&gt;uneducated or inadequate&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Газон&lt;/strong&gt; - can be literally translated as &quot;lawn&quot;. It's the safest, default, straightforward option for a lawn-mowing discussion. (I disagree with the @AR. answer about this word's usage frequency and modern habits; in my &lt;em&gt;urban&lt;/em&gt; experience it's a basic, very common word. To educated Russians it means &lt;em&gt;any plot of seeded soil, regularly maintained for aesthetical reasons&lt;/em&gt;, often with flowers. It doesn't matter who in particular is responsible for the maintenance; it might be personal or public.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Трава&lt;/strong&gt; - is the &quot;grass&quot;, all and any of it. It's a very general, broad and therefore flexible word. Use it with discretion, as you would go about any abstract concept. &lt;code&gt;Трава&lt;/code&gt; is less dull than &lt;code&gt;газон&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Лужайка&lt;/strong&gt; - the hypocorism (!) of the &lt;code&gt;луг&lt;/code&gt;, i.e. &quot;meadow&quot;. One normally can't confuse a maintained, confined lawn with a vast, uneven, overgrown area outside anyboby's property. Avoid using it in the meaning of &quot;lawn&quot; in the formal speech. The hypocorism version &lt;code&gt;лужайка&lt;/code&gt; is even less appropriate, as it is considered &lt;em&gt;funny&lt;/em&gt;. It might even be recognized as an obscene joke - this hypocorism is commonly used as a slang for &quot;pubic hairs&quot;. It could also be used to jokingly exaggerate the lawn size of a rich person (or humiliate if the lawn is laughably small). This option is quite risky for unprepared wielder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Стричь&lt;/strong&gt; - a straightforward version. It litterally means &quot;trim&quot; and is widely used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Косить&lt;/strong&gt; - also widely used, usually preferred, but comes with a subtle notion (rarely seen by anybody). Semantically it means: &quot;detach and &lt;em&gt;preserve&lt;/em&gt; the surface parts of a grass for agricultural use&quot;. Harvesting crops, basically. Note that trimming of a decorative lawn usually pursues the goal of &lt;em&gt;removing&lt;/em&gt; (shortening) the herbs; the removed top part might get reduced to a pulp in the process. This is totally unacceptable when it comes to &quot;mowing&quot; and &quot;harvesting&quot;. People who aren't affiliated with agricultural business don't care. Some country people would probably shun from using &lt;code&gt;косить&lt;/code&gt; in the lawn-mowing discussion themselves. Overall it is safe to use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good pairs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Стричь газон&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Стричь траву&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Стричь лужайку (hee-hee)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Косить траву&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other pairs sound strange to me:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Косить газон&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Косить лужайку (the speaker likely says about harvesting a meadow for agricultural use)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11908" LastEditorUserId="11908" LastEditDate="2019-05-27T10:00:59.077" LastActivityDate="2019-05-27T10:00:59.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19718" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19683" CreationDate="2019-05-24T17:44:16.743" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russians just omit this verb &quot;have&quot; - &quot;иметь&quot;, to simplify the sentence.&#xA;The same way Americans simplify a lot of words, verbs, nouns.&#xA;For example, Americans simplify the questions like,&#xA;Where have you been? They can ask: Where you been? (have is assumed here). &#xA;Or, &#xA;Tom already leave? (instead of - Tom did already leave?). &#xA;A lot of words in a lot of languages just omitting for simplification, but everybody understands.&#xA;Because our mind has a nice ability to insert missed words in the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11928" LastActivityDate="2019-05-24T17:44:16.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19721" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19722" CreationDate="2019-05-25T02:25:15.530" Score="5" ViewCount="445" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw the phrase &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это не  суть важно&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in the Internet and then found that this phrase is often used in modern Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I initially supposed that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;суть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is an adverb synonymous to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;очень&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, so I initially interpreted the phrase as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это не очень важно&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; This made perfect sense in the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I got extremely puzzled when I discovered by looking in Wiktionary that &lt;strong&gt;суть&lt;/strong&gt; is not an adverb (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;). Wiktionary says that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;суть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; can be only a noun or a verb. As a noun, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;суть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; means &quot;essence.&quot; As a verb, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;суть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is the archaic third-person plural present tense of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; Neither of these meanings seems to fit: As a noun this word simply does not fit into the overall structure of the sentence, and as a verb this word does not fit with &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; because &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is a singular, not plural, pronoun. For a singular pronoun like &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; the correct form of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (third person singular present tense) - &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это не есть важно&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; But Google shows that people choose &quot;&lt;strong&gt;суть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in this phrase much more often than &quot;&lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; I am so much puzzled by this. I never saw phrases with &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; followed by a plural form of the verb. People say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это будет/влияет/соответствует&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and never say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это будут/влияют/соответствуют&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I am also puzzled as to what people actually want to say with this phrase - &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это не важно&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;this is not important&quot;), &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это по сути не важно&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;this is essentially not important&quot;), &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это не очень важно&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;(&quot;this is not very important&quot;), or something else. I am curious precisely how the meaning of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это не важно&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is changed by adding &quot;&lt;strong&gt;суть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; between &quot;&lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;важно&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: Could you put all pieces of the puzzle together, telling me &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;whether the phrase &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это не суть важно&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is grammatically correct,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if the phrase is correct, how the grammar works in this phrase,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;if the phrase is incorrect, how Russian ended up having this idiom, given that idioms are almost never a result of a slip of the tongue and that this idiom is strongly preferred to the correct phrase &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это не есть важно&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the formal meaning of the phrase, and&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;what people actually want to say with the phrase, if different from (4)?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I humbly hope that for each item I will get answers different from the phrase in question itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Look at this sentence from an old Russian text: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это близко къ истинѣ , покрайней мѣрѣ , справедливо то , что они &lt;strong&gt;не суть&lt;/strong&gt; понятія общія , отвлеченныя ... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe this kind of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;не суть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (meaning &quot;are not&quot;) is the key to the idiom &quot;это не суть важно,&quot; but the problem is that this kind of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;не суть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; requires a plural noun/pronoun, for example, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;они не суть важны&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.P.S.: I just found that the expression &quot;&lt;strong&gt;не суть важно&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is frequently used even in books, even in books of 1800s. For example, Belinsky wrote: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Но быть такъ, это все еще не суть важно&lt;/em&gt;...&quot; And Saltykov-Schedrin wrote: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Мы оба требуемъ отъ массъ подчиненія, а во имя чего мы этого требуемъ— во имя ли принциповъ „порядка“, или во имя „жизни духа“ — право, это еще не суть важно.&lt;/em&gt;&quot; It is hard to accept that these classic Russian writers were uneducated and expressed their thoughts in a way not conforming the grammar norms of the Russian language at that time. You can see numerous examples of use of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;не суть важно&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in books by following this &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE&amp;amp;year_start=1600&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2C%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-05-27T09:02:39.283" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T14:14:28.613" Title="How should I understand the phrase &quot;это не суть важно&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;&lt;не-plus-adverb&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19721" CreationDate="2019-05-25T08:49:23.140" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;My attempt:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;whether the phrase &quot;это не суть важно&quot; is grammatically correct,&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. But yes, it's a relatively widespread phrase. I believe I've heard people saying it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;if the phrase is incorrect, why people use it that often, strongly preferring it to &quot;это не есть важно,&quot;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They don't (usually) realise that it's grammatically incorrect and/or don't care. They just like using this phrase and use it (knowing that they will be understood). See more on this below*.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;what people actually want to say with the phrase, if different from (4)?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They mean &quot;это не важно&quot;, &quot;это не очень важно&quot;, &quot;не в этом суть&quot;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*- Basically, this is &quot;не в этом суть&quot; + &quot;это не важно&quot; (&lt;strong&gt;upd1&lt;/strong&gt;  probably also influenced by &quot;не &lt;strong&gt;столь&lt;/strong&gt; важно&quot;, which sounds similar) glued together in the sayer's mind. I struggle to give a proper term for such a language phenomenon off the top of my head but the gut feeling tells me that such a term exists, as well as other examples of the phenomenon. Intuitively, I would call it a variant of &lt;em&gt;tautology&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Это не есть важно&quot; is not used because &quot;есть&quot; is strongly felt as being redundant here. But some individuals could say that. More often you might hear the phrase &quot;это не есть хорошо&quot;. These are the examples of … well, some people just want their speech to be &quot;with a twist&quot;, they just like &quot;breaking the rules&quot; slightly. Thinking, probably, that this makes them more interesting or sound a bit more clever. When such phrases are overused I personally find this rather annoying and silly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-05-25T12:25:08.527" LastActivityDate="2019-05-25T12:25:08.527" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19723" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19815" CreationDate="2019-05-25T08:51:14.207" Score="5" ViewCount="1000" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary gives eight different meanings as well as the etymological origin of the word &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;чурка&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;: Meanings 1-4 are various small pieces of wood or metal, Meaning 5 is a simpleton or uneducated person, Meaning 6 is &amp;quot;someone whose face features are different from those of the Russians - a darker skin, slant eyes, etc.,&amp;quot; Meanings 7-8 are regional dialect meanings, and the etymological origin is &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;чуръ&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; an old word for stump (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the original meaning of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;чурка&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; was a piece of wood, I see in Google that nowadays the most usual meaning is Meaning 6 - a Southern or Asian ethnic origin. Here are a few of typical examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Фархад, хотя и &lt;strong&gt;чурка&lt;/strong&gt;, но водитель классный, — стал делиться с Раздолбаем Мартин, нисколько не смущаясь присутствия самого Фархада. — Водитель всегда должен быть &lt;strong&gt;чуркой&lt;/strong&gt;. Русских нельзя брать водителями. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://soklan.ru/library/reading.php?id=653&amp;amp;start=4080&amp;amp;&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В твоём возрасте у меня был одноклассник из Дагестана. Несмотря на то, что &lt;strong&gt;чурка&lt;/strong&gt;, он был одним из достойнейших людей. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://2ch.hk/b/arch/2016-06-01/res/128439814.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Любопытно, что я, как русский воспитанный в СССР, был вхож во все местные общины. Потому что в русской культуре нет снобизма. Да, наша культура грубоватая, мы можем сказать в лицо &lt;strong&gt;чурке&lt;/strong&gt;, что он &lt;strong&gt;чурка&lt;/strong&gt;, но мы сразу же принимаем любого человека за равного и если человек правильный, то общение пошло. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://sdelanounas.ru/discussions/view/?id=744&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word is pretty frequently used nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Analyzing the Google Books statistics, I found that the word has been being actively used at least since the 1800s (&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%2C%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%2C%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%8A&amp;amp;year_start=1600&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%8A%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2C%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%8A%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;), when it was used in books only about twice as fewer per unit of text length as it is used in books nowadays.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Opening books of that epoch, I saw use of various meanings of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;чурка&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; including a couple of apparent instances of Meaning 6 (ethnic origin):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он всегда был смуглъ, сутуловатъ, морщинистъ и грубоватъ, - такъ и остался; словом, ничего не прибавилось. Бѣдный старый &lt;strong&gt;Чурка&lt;/strong&gt;! (From a book of 1866)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но, по счастiю, оказался он живъ, а только опаленъ какъ &lt;strong&gt;чурка&lt;/strong&gt;, и кровь лилась съ лица и со всей головы его. (From a book of 1873)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it seems the Russians already called Asians and Southern people &lt;strong&gt;чурки&lt;/strong&gt; in the 1800s, but I have no idea whether, for example, the Russians called the Mongols &lt;strong&gt;чурки&lt;/strong&gt; during the Mongol invasion of Rus in the 1200s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Update: As @tum_ pointed out in a comment below, I was terribly wrong. In the example of 1868, the word &lt;strong&gt;Чурка&lt;/strong&gt; does not mean an ethnic origin. The text from which I had taken the sentence turned out to be an old Russian translation of the English text entitled &amp;quot;The Tale of Aunt Margaret's Trouble,&amp;quot; and &lt;strong&gt;Чурка&lt;/strong&gt; is how the Russian interpreter translated the nickname &amp;quot;Stock,&amp;quot; which, in turn, was derived from &amp;quot;Stork.&amp;quot; In the example of 1873,  &amp;quot;опален как чурка&amp;quot; can be understood as &amp;quot;burned like a piece of wood.&amp;quot; Opening other books of the 1800s, I was unable to find any example where &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;чурка&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; means an ethnic origin. So it is quite possible that the Russians did not yet call Asians &lt;strong&gt;чурки&lt;/strong&gt; in the 1800s.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: When and why did  the Russians start to call people with darker skin and/or slant eyes &lt;strong&gt;чурки&lt;/strong&gt;, а word for а piece of wood? I am curious what the logical connection was.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am especially interested because as a Japanese I myself qualify as &lt;strong&gt;чурка&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-07-10T20:24:10.890" Title="When and why did Asian and Southern people start to be called &quot;чурки&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;&lt;word&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19724" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-25T14:11:00.220" Score="1" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, you can say, for instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Elle était du genre à se jeter sur les horoscopes. &lt;strong&gt;Mais de là à&lt;/strong&gt; se faire refaire les lignes de la main...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;She was always one to blindly believe in astrology, but to go through a surgery to have her palm lines changed...&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Mais de là à + inf.&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is a very &lt;em&gt;French&lt;/em&gt; expression that doesn't translate easily into other languages. It has the literal meaning of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;But from there to&lt;/strong&gt; (doing something much more extreme)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, denoting the drastic shift from A to B, and is used to emphasise that someone has apparently done something extremely surprising/appalling/etc, even by his/her standards. When this expression is used, the clause tends to end with an ellipsis, making a dangling sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this idea commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-29T10:12:17.317" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T10:12:17.317" Title="Equivalent of the French expression &quot;Mais de là à ...&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;французский&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19725" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19727" CreationDate="2019-05-25T14:12:05.630" Score="2" ViewCount="183" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sorry about the ambiguous title but I don't really know how to ask this in a more linguistic way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question comes from trying to form sentences of the form&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The (property) (subject) is the one that...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good literature is the one that can capture...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When building these sentences I tend to use what I find to be a rather literal translation from either English or Spanish (my first language)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хорошая литература - та, которая...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't seen this used that much in written Russian, where what I've seen is that the pronoun то substitutes a noun that has been introduced usually in a preceding sentence or through context, and not in the same sentence, although this may very well be because I haven't read enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd like either confirmation or more natural ways of expressing this in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2085" LastActivityDate="2019-06-04T13:40:08.253" Title="How to properly use these pronouns? То, та" Tags="&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19724" CreationDate="2019-05-25T14:21:28.557" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I remember you used Russian equivalent once in quotes of your Russian utterances&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;..., но чтобы пойти на операцию по изменению линий на руке?..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or it can be expressed without the rhetorical question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;..., но не настолько/не до такой (же) степени, чтобы пойти/идти на&#xA;  операцию по изменению линий на руке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-05-25T14:21:28.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19725" CreationDate="2019-05-25T14:30:36.890" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хорошая литература - (это) та, которая...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is a perfectly idiomatic construction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The zero link-copula signified with the dash can be replaced with the verb &lt;strong&gt;является&lt;/strong&gt; and by putting the subject into Instrumental&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хорошей литературой является та, которая...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-25T15:24:13.713" LastActivityDate="2019-05-25T15:24:13.713" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19724" CreationDate="2019-05-25T18:20:09.527" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Mais de là à se faire refaire les lignes de la main...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наиболее разговорный вариант: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но,  чтобы пойти на операцию по изменению линий на руке — это уже слишком.(It's too far)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нейтральный:(to the extent of) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;но не до такой же степени,  чтобы пойти...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-05-25T18:20:09.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19721" CreationDate="2019-05-25T22:01:56.083" Score="4" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It isn't. Like @turn_ said, &lt;strong&gt;суть&lt;/strong&gt; an old and &lt;em&gt;plural&lt;/em&gt; present-tense form of the verb &lt;strong&gt;быть,&lt;/strong&gt; which strictly speaking has no business being used in the singular.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't work. But in your authentically old postscripted example, &lt;strong&gt;суть&lt;/strong&gt; correctly agrees with the plural &lt;strong&gt;они&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gaps in the understanding of one's own older language happen all the time. As do occasions when people consciously want to sound archaic. This results in &quot;broken&quot; archaic language. In English, you get &lt;strong&gt;ye olde&lt;/strong&gt;, which isn't a form that ever actually existed; it came from a relatively modern misreading of &lt;strong&gt;þe olde&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;code&gt;þ&lt;/code&gt; being just a fancy old single-letter &lt;code&gt;th&lt;/code&gt;. Or, to take a closer example, lots of people would say &lt;strong&gt;I thinketh&lt;/strong&gt; to imitate Shakespearean-era English, which is just as broken as &quot;I thinks&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Это не суть важно&lt;/strong&gt; can be translated, with a minor adaptation, as &lt;strong&gt;It art not important.&lt;/strong&gt; Basically, the speaker mistakenly thought &lt;code&gt;art&lt;/code&gt; (2nd person sg. pres.) was just a way of saying &lt;code&gt;is&lt;/code&gt; with some added archaic gravitas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The intended effect is something like &quot;it matters not&quot; or &quot;it is of no importance&quot; — i.e. &quot;it doesn't matter&quot; said with a manneristic self-importance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2019-05-25T22:01:56.083" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19731" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19723" CreationDate="2019-05-26T12:10:38.823" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;чурка&lt;/strong&gt; meant a piece of wood / log, probably after that, the &lt;strong&gt;чурка&lt;/strong&gt; came to mean an insult &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Тупой как пень&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11934" LastActivityDate="2019-05-26T12:10:38.823" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19732" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19735" CreationDate="2019-05-26T18:20:06.197" Score="2" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let us consider the sentence shown in the title of my post:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) He had to run faster than his tribemate, as the hindmost would be eaten by the lion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(For context, watch this short commercial: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-ie_aFsfb8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-ie_aFsfb8&lt;/a&gt; ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am at a loss as to how I can translate this sentence to Russian. I feel totally helpless. Below are my naive attempts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) Ему надо было бежать быстрее соплеменника, так как отстающего &lt;strong&gt;съест&lt;/strong&gt; лев.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I feel that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;съест&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is a bad choice because I never saw the future tense being used to describe past events. I guess that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;съест&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; sounds as if the lion had not yet eaten anyone by the moment of speaking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) Ему надо было бежать быстрее соплеменника, так как отстающего &lt;strong&gt;съел бы&lt;/strong&gt; лев.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sounds like a hypothetical thing, doesn't it? But it was the most real thing on earth. The hindmost was bound to be eaten by the lion. The lion was angry and hungry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(4) Ему надо было бежать быстрее соплеменника, так как отстающего &lt;strong&gt;должен был съесть&lt;/strong&gt; лев.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here I tried to use the tricky verb &quot;&lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; being highly unsure how it fits here. I guess it sounds as if the lion had had been obliged, or owed it to someone, to eat the hindmost. Even if this construction works here, it is clearly not a universal solution, because the meaning of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;должен&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; highly depends on the context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5) Ему надо было бежать быстрее соплеменника, так как отстающего &lt;strong&gt;съедал&lt;/strong&gt; лев.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here I tried to use a solution analogous to a phrase I had seen before: &lt;em&gt;Он должен был побеждать, потому что проигравший вылетал из Высшей лиги&lt;/em&gt;. I had been explained that the form &quot;&lt;strong&gt;вылетал&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; can be used as the future in the past. So I tried &quot;&lt;strong&gt;съедал&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; here. But this form confuses me so much. I am very unsure. I do not even know how it is classified. And maybe &quot;&lt;strong&gt;поедал&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is a better choice, if there is a good solution of this kind at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: How will you translate Sentence (1) to Russian if I ask you to use a solution as universal as possible? I would also like to read comments on my hopeless attempts (2)-(5).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-05-26T18:25:45.507" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T15:29:48.070" Title="How can I translate &quot;would&quot; in &quot;He had to run faster than his tribemate, as the hindmost would be eaten by the lion&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;tense&gt;&lt;будущее-время&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19732" CreationDate="2019-05-26T18:57:54.470" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Variant 3&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) Ему надо было бежать быстрее соплеменника, так как отстающего съел&#xA;  бы лев.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;OR&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ему надо было бежать быстрее соплеменника, так как отстающего мог&#xA;  съесть лев.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;could (мог бы) and would (бы) are not exactly one and the same but in this context i think the difference is insignificant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Variant 5&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5) Ему надо было бежать быстрее соплеменника, так как отстающего&#xA;  съедал лев.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;could also be correct if the narrative described how it usually would end up being or used to be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-26T19:04:45.530" LastActivityDate="2019-05-26T19:04:45.530" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19732" CreationDate="2019-05-26T18:58:23.043" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) Ему надо было бежать быстрее соплеменника, так как отстающего съел бы лев.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This option is good. &quot;Would&quot;is often translated as бы. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5) Ему надо было бежать быстрее соплеменника, так как отстающего (обычно/как правило) съедал лев&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one is also correct, if you want to stress a habitual situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Должен isn't correct because it sounds like you wish to oblige the lion to eat the person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-05-26T18:58:23.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19732" CreationDate="2019-05-26T18:59:05.933" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ему пришлось бежать быстрее своего соплеменника, ибо оказавшемуся последним предстояло быть съеденным львом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-05-26T18:59:05.933" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19736" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19744" CreationDate="2019-05-26T19:02:11.437" Score="27" ViewCount="17265" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is in the title of this post, and I do not know what else to say. I am just puzzled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Okay, to avoid my post being put on hold for being too succinct, I will add a couple of naive thoughts of mine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I originally thought that &quot;моя дорогая Наташа&quot; means something along the line, &quot;Natasha, I know that you are not cheap and that I consequently have to pay a big price to continue getting nice treatment, attention, favors, and other things from you.&quot; Or maybe something like this: &quot;Natasha, I spent so much time, effort, and money to make you my woman; you proved to be really expensive.&quot; But the very idea that people could talk to a woman in terms of her price seems nonsensical to me, as any normal woman would get offended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then it came to my mind that the Russians who call women &quot;&lt;strong&gt;дорогая&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; may mix up price and value. But I cannot imagine someone mixing up them. Only most uneducated simpletons who completely lack common sense are capable of mixing up these fundamentally different things. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My naive thoughts seem both nonsensical and funny to me, so I am puzzled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could you explain?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reading answers, I realized I had to better explain the source of my confusion and my motivation to ask the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, I am well aware that when the adjective &quot;&lt;strong&gt;дорогой&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; describes a person, it is usually perceived as &quot;dear&quot; and not as &quot;expensive.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The source of my confusion is that when the Russians speak about material things, they use the adjective &quot;&lt;strong&gt;дорогой&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; to say that the thing is expensive or pricey, and the adjective &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ценный&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; to say that the thing is valuable or useful. For example, &lt;strong&gt;дорогой инструмент&lt;/strong&gt; is an expensive or pricey tool (not necessarily useful), and &lt;strong&gt;ценный инструмент&lt;/strong&gt; is a tool that is valuable or useful (not necessarily expensive). To make sure everyone understands me, &quot;expensive&quot; is about the price and means that you pay a lot to buy the thing, whilst &quot;useful&quot; is about the value and means that you derive a great benefit by using the thing. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is beyond my understanding is why the Russians chose the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;дорогой&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (which, as I explained, is about the price, not about the value) as the Russian word for &quot;dear.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I never saw English speakers writing something like, &quot;He has a dear car.&quot; Typing in Google the exact phrase &quot;has a dear car,&quot; I get only 1 result. I know that English speakers can occasionally say, &quot;The price is too dear,&quot; but in this phrase the word &quot;price&quot; is explicitly said. Anyway, English is not my native language either, and my question is about Russian, not English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is beyond my understanding how the Russians can use one and the same adjective, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;дорогой&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; to say that a thing is expensive and that a person is dear. I know that many words have more than one meaning, but all meanings of one and the same word are logically connected unless we talk about homonyms. And I cannot see a logical connection between &quot;expensive&quot; and &quot;dear.&quot; The latter two words cause very different emotions and associations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, I found in Google that the expression &quot;&lt;strong&gt;дорогой сотрудник&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; can mean a dear employee and an expensive employee, depending on the context. It is astonishing how one and the same Russian expression can be perceived in so different ways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What adds to my confusion is that the Russian words for &quot;price&quot; and &quot;value&quot; have the same root (-&lt;strong&gt;цен&lt;/strong&gt;-) and are, respectively, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;цена&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ценность&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; This is beyond my understanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, I feel there may be some fundamental differences between me and the Russians in how we perceive economic processes and interpersonal relationships. This was my primary motivation to ask the question. My primary interest is to better understand the Russian way of thinking. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-05-27T08:49:14.587" LastActivityDate="2020-09-21T08:04:19.310" Title="Why do Russians call their women expensive (&quot;дорогая&quot;)?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19736" CreationDate="2019-05-26T19:20:42.623" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;дорогой/ая&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is not only &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;expensive&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, it's also &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;dear&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, the word has at least two meanings&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not only women are called &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;дорогая&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in the sense of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;dear&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, men are addressed as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;дорогой&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as well, in formal correspondence or in formal settings, especially at solemn events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Colloquially these words either appear in dubbed foreign movies as a translation for &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;dear&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, its equivalents, including other languages, or other words of endearment, or are used sarcastically between native speakers. In everyday life people normally don't address each other with them sincerely, if ever.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Sarcastic or derisive attitude is often expressed with its derivative &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;дорогуша&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, which is of common gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Addressing a women with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;дорогая&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in the sense of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;expensive&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; can only occur by way of a pun, a wordplay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-26T19:44:20.513" LastActivityDate="2019-05-26T19:44:20.513" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19736" CreationDate="2019-05-26T19:36:04.580" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;“Дорогой/ая” is literally translated as “worth a lot”. A direct meaning, “expensive” means “worth a lot of money”; but another, figurative meaning (“dear”) means “worth a lot [= is valuable] [for somebody's heart, for example]”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7547" LastEditorUserId="7547" LastEditDate="2019-05-26T21:41:59.517" LastActivityDate="2019-05-26T21:41:59.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19741" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19721" CreationDate="2019-05-26T21:21:09.990" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Proto-Indo-European the 3rd person singular of &quot;is&quot; was &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯esti&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and 3rd person plural was &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯sont&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first became есть in Russian and the second became суть. Thus, using суть for singular is wrong even in historical context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The modern Russian noun суть came from the PIE noun &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯sntia̯&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; meaning &quot;being&quot; or &quot;essence&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2019-05-26T21:28:18.933" LastActivityDate="2019-05-26T21:28:18.933" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19736" CreationDate="2019-05-26T22:03:58.023" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russians are people, and people like saying nice things to those they love, and comparing someone to something expensive (or, rather, precious) is a very nice thing to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's quite a common metonymy across the languages of the world: English &quot;dear&quot;, Italian &lt;em&gt;caro&lt;/em&gt;, Greek &lt;em&gt;ακριβός&lt;/em&gt; etc. all meant &quot;precious&quot; at some point (or still do).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English word &quot;expensive&quot;, by the way, does not convey quite the same meaning as &quot;precious&quot;, because &quot;expensive&quot; assumes some kind of expense, &quot;quid pro quo&quot;, while &quot;precious&quot; is more about the intrinsic value of something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian, &lt;em&gt;дорогой&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;expensive&quot; in its direct meaning (not &quot;precious&quot;, which would be &lt;em&gt;драгоценный&lt;/em&gt;, a Church Slavonic cognate loanword), but at the time the figurative meaning was established, it meant &quot;precious&quot; as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Probably this is the source of your confusion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As @Баян Купи-ка noted, you can still use &lt;em&gt;дорогой&lt;/em&gt; in its main sense &quot;expensive, pricey&quot; when applied to people: &lt;em&gt;дорогой адвокат, дорогая проститутка, дорогой визажист&lt;/em&gt; etc., but this refers to people who sell their services.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The figurative meaning can only be applied when addressing the person (&lt;em&gt;дорогая Наташа, я очень тебя люблю!&lt;/em&gt;) or when adding a possessive pronoun: &lt;em&gt;моя дорогая дочка вчера вышла замуж&lt;/em&gt;, pretty much the same as in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-05-28T12:39:34.827" LastActivityDate="2019-05-28T12:39:34.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19736" CreationDate="2019-05-27T12:31:26.473" Score="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's nothing special about Russian. In many European languages there's one word that can be used to state that something is &lt;em&gt;highly esteemed&lt;/em&gt; and/or &lt;em&gt;expensive&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;French&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;cher&lt;/em&gt; means both expensive (&lt;em&gt;une voiture chère&lt;/em&gt;: an expensive car) and &lt;em&gt;dear&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;&quot;Mon cher ami&quot;&lt;/em&gt;: &quot;My dear friend&quot;). I'm citing French first, because I always speculated that the usage of дорогой in a salutation might be related to French cultural influence. (However, I might be wrong: the &lt;a href=&quot;https://lexicography.online/etymology/vasmer/%D0%B4/%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;etymology of дорогой&lt;/a&gt; seems to suggest that the relationship pre-dates French influence.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italian&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;caro&lt;/em&gt;. This word is used with both meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Latin&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;carus&lt;/em&gt;. This word had already meant &lt;em&gt;expensive&lt;/em&gt; in antiquity, but was also used to adress people (&lt;em&gt;&quot;Care amice&quot;&lt;/em&gt;: &quot;My dear friend&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;German&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;teuer&lt;/em&gt;. This word means &lt;em&gt;expensive&lt;/em&gt;, but has also been used in salutations (&lt;em&gt;&quot;Meine teure Dame&quot;&lt;/em&gt;: &quot;My dear lady&quot;). Today I would be very surprised to find the word attached to a person (except for a prostitute) unless it's meant ironically or found in a classical text (19th century or older).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;English&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;dear&lt;/em&gt;. That word is related to German &lt;em&gt;teuer&lt;/em&gt; and hasn't completely lost its connotations of &lt;em&gt;expensive&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;em&gt;appreciated&lt;/em&gt; is not independent from &lt;em&gt;price&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;esteemed&lt;/em&gt; from &lt;em&gt;cost/value estimate&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additional information from comments:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Interesting to note, this is &lt;strong&gt;not exclusive to the European branch of the Indo-European languages&lt;/strong&gt;. For example, in Indo-Aryan &lt;strong&gt;Urdu&lt;/strong&gt;, Qeemti is used for both expensive and precious depending on the context i.e. &quot;Tum Qeemti libas pehne hue ho&quot; (You are wearing an expensive dress) and &quot;Tum mere liye qeemti ho&quot; (You're precious/dear to me). Similarly in the &lt;strong&gt;Iranian branch&lt;/strong&gt;, the word is Garan which is used for both expensive and precious.&lt;/em&gt;(by @NSNoob)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;You could also add &lt;strong&gt;Polish&lt;/strong&gt; or other slavic languages. In Polish, we use &quot;drogi&quot; the same way as &quot;dear&quot; and &quot;expensive&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (by @Adrian)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;You can add &lt;strong&gt;Hungarian&lt;/strong&gt; (also not Indo-European) to the list. We use &quot;drágám&quot; (meaning &quot;my expensive somebody&quot;) to address our beloved ones&lt;/em&gt; (by @StupY; note: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dr%C3%A1ga&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;apparently borrowed from a South Slavic or a West Slavic language&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11816" LastEditorUserId="11816" LastEditDate="2019-05-28T15:12:21.213" LastActivityDate="2019-05-28T15:12:21.213" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19736" CreationDate="2019-05-27T12:44:35.820" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;We don't call only women like that. It's a kind of a) sligthly outdated b) sarcastic  expression to emphasize an importance of a person to us. Also common in business language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11950" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-05-27T15:39:10.737" LastActivityDate="2019-05-27T15:39:10.737" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19746" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19747" CreationDate="2019-05-27T14:14:55.917" Score="3" ViewCount="352" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Tu as vraiment de la chance, XXX, &lt;strong&gt;c’est pas donné à tout le monde d&lt;/strong&gt;’être amie avec un joueur de tennis mondialement connu.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We were having a conversation in French, and I was wondering how I'd express the same idea in Russian. This French expression literally means &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;It's not given to everyone to&lt;/strong&gt; (be friends with a world-renowned tennis player&lt;/em&gt;)&quot;, or more naturally, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Not many people/folks get to&lt;/strong&gt; (be friends with a world-renowned tennis player&lt;/em&gt;)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following sprang to mind as its Russian equivalent, but I wonder if using only &quot;немногие&quot; might not come across as a bit too plain, mundane?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Немногие&lt;/strong&gt; заводят друзей среди всемирно известных теннисистов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-29T10:11:30.503" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T10:11:30.503" Title="How to express the idea of &quot;Ce n’est pas donné à tout le monde de ...&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;французский&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19746" CreationDate="2019-05-27T14:38:07.783" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Немногие&amp;quot; is indeed the word to use here, other options are &amp;quot;не все&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;мало кто&amp;quot;. There are lots of ways to make it less plain. For example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Немногим доводится быть другом всемирно известному тенниситу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мало кому повезло подружиться со всемирно известным теннисистом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не всем случается завести дружбу со всемирно известным теннисистом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also addition that is closer to literal translation of the French phrase: &amp;quot;не всем дано&amp;quot;, but it's mostly used for talents. E.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не всем дано красиво петь (not everyone has a talent for singing)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-27T14:38:07.783" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19746" CreationDate="2019-05-27T14:44:41.283" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мы говорим &quot; &lt;strong&gt;Не каждому выпадает&lt;/strong&gt; подружиться со всемирно известным теннисистом&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tu as vraiment de la chance --подчеркивает эксклюзивность еще раз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-05-27T14:44:41.283" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19749" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19752" CreationDate="2019-05-27T18:54:22.953" Score="-1" ViewCount="418" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently discovered that the Russian informal phone greeting, &lt;strong&gt;алё&lt;/strong&gt;, precisely coincides with the Turkish one. When you hear &quot;&lt;strong&gt;алё&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; you absolutely cannot tell whether it is a Russian or a Turk who is answering. I am unable to spot even a slightest difference in the pronunciation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you never heard how Turks answer the phone, just watch the last few seconds of this video: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/923YxvQiJ1I?t=189&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/923YxvQiJ1I?t=189&lt;/a&gt; . Isn't the coincidence with the Russian &lt;strong&gt;алё&lt;/strong&gt; striking? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: How come the Russian and Turkish informal phone greetings precisely coincide? Not only the word, but also the exact pronunciation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to find an answer in Google, but found only the following two things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) The French have a more or less similar phone greeting, &lt;strong&gt;allô&lt;/strong&gt;. You can hear it here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/i77tOWettrI?t=14&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/i77tOWettrI?t=14&lt;/a&gt; . As compared to the Russian greeting, the French version has a harder &lt;strong&gt;л&lt;/strong&gt; and a shorter &lt;strong&gt;ё&lt;/strong&gt;, which is also less stressed than in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) The formal Russian phone greeting, &lt;strong&gt;алло&lt;/strong&gt;, seems closer to the German phone greeting &lt;strong&gt;Hallo&lt;/strong&gt; than to the French &lt;strong&gt;allô&lt;/strong&gt;. The Russian double &lt;strong&gt;л&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;strong&gt;алло&lt;/strong&gt; sounds like the English double &lt;strong&gt;l&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;strong&gt;hello&lt;/strong&gt; and very different from the soft single &lt;strong&gt;л&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;strong&gt;алё&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems possible that the Russians started with &lt;strong&gt;алло&lt;/strong&gt; and then themselves developed &lt;strong&gt;алё&lt;/strong&gt; as an informal greeting, not borrowing it from French, or borrowed the informal &lt;strong&gt;алё&lt;/strong&gt; from Turkish. After all, many Turkic people live in Russia, especially the Azerbaijani people, who have cultural and business ties with Turkey. Many Russians regularly spend their vacations in Turkey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am curious whether the Russians developed &lt;strong&gt;алё&lt;/strong&gt; themselves (from &lt;strong&gt;алло&lt;/strong&gt;) and, if not, where they borrowed &lt;strong&gt;алё&lt;/strong&gt; from - French or Turkish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-05-29T11:08:15.957" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T11:08:15.957" Title="Why is the Russian informal phone greeting &quot;алё&quot; equivalent to the Turkish one?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19749" CreationDate="2019-05-27T19:01:32.037" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your assumption is plain wrong, we don't use Turkish informal phone greeting, &lt;code&gt;алё&lt;/code&gt; is just a corrupted version of German &quot;Hallo&quot; - if you'll listen how some Germans pronounce it you'll find that the pronunciation with with very soft l is quite common for this word - so to Russian speaker it's quite close to &lt;code&gt;халё&lt;/code&gt;. Also, &lt;code&gt;алё&lt;/code&gt; is colloquial form of &lt;code&gt;алло&lt;/code&gt; which is in common usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-28T10:57:14.233" LastActivityDate="2019-05-28T10:57:14.233" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19679" CreationDate="2019-05-27T22:41:11.980" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say that both 1. and 4. are correct (2. and 3. seem to be quite literary and out of use today).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a precision I would add that the word order may be changed (in the oral speech) to emphasize on the emotion, and you don't necessarily have to precise у меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слов нет.&#xA;Нет слов! / Нету слов! &#xA;Слов не хватает!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus you emphasize on the idea of a scandal that hurts you and want to make the other person feel your anger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is probably slightly different from &#xA;У меня нет слов&#xA;which is more used in a narrative, when speaking with more distance about the thing that shocked you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11924" LastActivityDate="2019-05-27T22:41:11.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19749" CreationDate="2019-05-28T00:50:01.403" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;All of such 'phone greetings' are adaptations of the German or English Hallo/Hello/Hullo to the local phonetics. Typically it comes from where the technology was adopted. I can't trace its exact history in Russian, but almost certainly both the Russians and Turks (and most other peoples who use it) got it from the same source. (And if there &lt;em&gt;was&lt;/em&gt; a link, it would be more likely the other way round, i.e. Turks borrowing from Russians - with the technology itself).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fact that it morphed to the same sounds simply suggests that these few sounds are very similar in these two languages, and/or traditionally heard/translated the same way. For example, the final [ou] is uncommon in both, and is simply rendered as [o].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, &quot;алло&quot; is not a formal version of &quot;алё&quot;, although it does sound a bit more 'proper'. It's rather personal preference: some people say this way and some that. The formal one is an extended greeting like &quot;Фирма 'Рога и копыта', здравствуйте&quot; or &quot;Андрей Васильевич у телефона, слушаю вас&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastEditorUserId="7537" LastEditDate="2019-05-28T01:25:12.487" LastActivityDate="2019-05-28T01:25:12.487" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19754" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19755" CreationDate="2019-05-28T15:21:53.330" Score="7" ViewCount="1753" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently accidentally discovered that the Russians call wild boars by a word borrowed from Turkic languages - &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кабан&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; The etymological dictionary by Preobrazhensky clearly states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Заимств. из тюрк.: сѣврнтюрк. кабан.тат.-азерб. кирг. &lt;em&gt;тж&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My humble feeling is that it is a shame that in the Russian language such a rudely sounding Turkic word is used for such a cute harmless non-predatory animal that was always widespread in historically Russian forests. My perception of the rudeness of this word well may be wrong, but it sounds rude to me because of the ending &lt;strong&gt;ан&lt;/strong&gt;, which, for example, converts the neutral word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;старик&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; to the rude word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;старикан&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; I wonder how your powerful language could borrow a Turkic word for an animal native to your own historical lands. It is your animal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This made me wonder what the original Russian word for a wild boar is. The Russians must have somehow called such a widespread animal before the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кабан&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; was borrowed. I have a feeling that the original Russian word for a wild boar must sound in a very nice Slavic manner, at least better than the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кабан&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I searched in Google and looked in various dictionaries, but could not find anything. Being unable to resolve the mystery on my own, I decided to ask here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: What is, or was, the indigenous Russian word for a wild boar, and can I use this word in modern Russian? Какое есть (или было) исконное русское слово для кабана, и могу ли я использовать это слово в современном русском языке?`&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am also curious why the Turkic word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кабан&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; won and became the standard Russian word for a wild boar. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-29T10:05:45.387" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T10:51:50.043" Title="The original word for a wild boar" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19754" CreationDate="2019-05-28T15:36:09.297" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are probably looking for “&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%AD%D0%A1/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;вепрь&lt;/a&gt;”. While understandable to a modern Russian speaker, it still has an air of “fairytale-ness”. I personally would just use “кабан”. I don't know how and why “кабан” got more popular in common speech, and I'm not sure, if there even is a reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2019-05-28T15:36:09.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19758" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19754" CreationDate="2019-05-29T09:07:40.257" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Каба́н, вепрь, ди́кая свинья́ - всё это значения одного и того же дикого животного.&#xA;В современной речи чаще всего употребляются слова &quot;кабан&quot; или &quot;дикая свинья&quot;, реже используется &quot;вепрь&quot;, чаще всего среди охотников. Эти животные очень опасны, они совсем не безобидны как вам могло показаться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11997" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T09:07:40.257" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19723" CreationDate="2019-05-29T09:50:23.260" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all you are misunderstanding the term a bit. Normally you would say &lt;code&gt;азиат&lt;/code&gt; for Asian and &lt;code&gt;южанин&lt;/code&gt; for Southern which would be neutral. On the other hand &lt;code&gt;чурка&lt;/code&gt; in modern Russian stands for &lt;strong&gt;highly&lt;/strong&gt; insulting reference to anyone Turkish- or Persian- looking. Can also be sometimes used as a standin for &quot;not white people&quot; or &quot;not Russian&quot;, again insulting. The closest analogy in English is &quot;nigger&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word itself has been around in language for quite a while. For example, my grandma (b. 1930s) would use it from time to time. I believe is has gained a much wider spread in Post-Soviet Russia as the USSR collapse has led to a flood of cheap workforce from Asian and Southern ex-USSR republics to large Russian cities (mainly Moscow) increasing xenophobia and racism in local citizens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am especially interested because as a Japanese I myself qualify as чурка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You do not. If you want to say something as insulting you would qualify as &lt;code&gt;узкоглазый&lt;/code&gt; but that is less insulting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11998" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T09:50:23.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19754" CreationDate="2019-05-29T09:51:55.837" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Кабан&quot; is Russian word nowadays and one who want to speak modern Russian should treat it as such.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, in Japanese language you have a lot of words of foreign origin - and actually any language has - no language in a world is a pure isolate. In fact when borrowing is old native speakers sometimes even don't suspect that this is a foreign word, like it happened with &lt;code&gt;хлеб&lt;/code&gt; for instance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same happened with &lt;code&gt;кабан&lt;/code&gt;. It is already mentioned in the answers provided that &lt;code&gt;вепрь&lt;/code&gt; was original word for wild boar but what wasn't mentioned that in Russian there were tens of dialectal words for wild boars and male wild boars specifically - like &lt;code&gt;секач&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;свинья&lt;/code&gt; (was used for wild board as well), &lt;code&gt;клыкач&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;кнорозъ&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;парсюк&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;килун&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;киляк&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;самур&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;корюх&lt;/code&gt; - and actually this list is far from being complete. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can not claim that all this words are gone - may be in some dialects some if this words are still used. However what I can claim is that in standard Russian only &lt;code&gt;вепрь&lt;/code&gt; (which is poetic) and &lt;code&gt;боров&lt;/code&gt; (male pig, no matter domesticated or wild) are existing words. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See the thing is that wild and domesticated pigs played quite important role in the life of Slavic people. And just like it happens with the most important phenomena, Slavic people developed a huge vocabulary for both wild and domesticated pigs. Quite often when something like this happen a common word of not necessarily &quot;indigenous&quot; origin finally prevails.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also it worth to mention that this is yes, definitely a Turkic borrowing however quite often people mistakenly attribute this to the Golden Horde period - while actually from what we know it most likely was borrowed in XVII if not XVIII century - most likely after contact with Siberian and/or Caucasian Turks. In XIX centuries dictionaries &lt;code&gt;вепрь&lt;/code&gt; already was mentioned as a synonym to &lt;code&gt;кабан&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-29T10:51:50.043" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T10:51:50.043" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19761" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-29T12:43:59.363" Score="5" ViewCount="310" Body="&lt;p&gt;In French, &quot;&lt;em&gt;ventre&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;estomac&lt;/em&gt;&quot; can both translate as &quot;&lt;em&gt;stomach&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, albeit with certain nuances:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;ventre&lt;/em&gt;&quot;: a more general, all-encompassing term referring to your (exterior) abdomen which contains your stomach, bowels etc, and a rather casual word.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;estomac&lt;/em&gt;&quot;: a part-specific term referring to your stomach as an organ, and a bit on the formal side, often heard on a medical context.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume that in this respect, &quot;живот&quot; corresponds to &quot;&lt;em&gt;ventre&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;желудок&quot; corresponds to &quot;&lt;em&gt;estomac&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But here's the contradiction I've realised. When I say the following  in conversation in a casual, non-medical context, I use &quot;желудок&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) На полный &lt;strong&gt;желудок&lt;/strong&gt; и думается яснее.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... whereas in French only &quot;&lt;em&gt;ventre&lt;/em&gt;&quot; fits this context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Il n’y a rien de tel que d’avoir le &lt;strong&gt;ventre&lt;/strong&gt; plein pour se tranquilliser l’esprit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Avoir le ventre plein&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is something you'd say after having a hearty meal, while &quot;&lt;em&gt;avoir l'estomac plein&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is more like what you'll see in a health-related or medical article. So, at least theoretically, I should be using &quot;живот&quot; here instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On a similar note, another contradictory case I notice:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) И у меня &lt;strong&gt;живот&lt;/strong&gt; вот-вот заурчит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I use &quot;живот&quot; here, while  in French &quot;&lt;em&gt;estomac&lt;/em&gt;&quot; more fits this context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) Mon &lt;strong&gt;estomac&lt;/strong&gt; ne va pas tarder à crier famine non plus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... although at least if its French equivalent is anything to go by, I should be using &quot;желудок&quot; in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So on the surface, &quot;живот&quot; corresponds to &quot;ventre&quot; and &quot;желудок&quot; corresponds to &quot;estomac&quot;. But in practice, when it comes to using them in a sentence, as part of an expression, I notice it can work the other way around. So the distinction between  &quot;живот&quot; and  &quot;желудок&quot; in Russian doesn't seem as clear-cut as I'd expected it to be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-05-29T13:27:19.807" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T12:00:12.200" Title="When to use &quot;живот&quot; or &quot;желудок&quot; – words for &quot;stomach&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19761" CreationDate="2019-05-29T13:01:39.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;One can just remember that: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;болит живот&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;в животе урчит&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;живот сводит [от голода, судорогой etc.]&lt;/code&gt;, are idiomatic and interchangeable with (less used) &lt;code&gt;болит желудок&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;урчит в желудке&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;желудок сводит&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;на полный желудок&lt;/code&gt; is an idiom and way more frequently used than &lt;code&gt;на полный живот&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's pretty much it.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-29T13:09:36.297" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T13:09:36.297" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19761" CreationDate="2019-05-29T13:28:36.513" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are &quot;clear-cut&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Живот:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/9fzF6.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Живот&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Желудок:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/1cGfh.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Желудок&quot;&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for their usage in idiomatic (or semi-idiomatic) constructions, it's rarely any clear logic behind.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So as &lt;strong&gt;shabunc♦&lt;/strong&gt;'s answer suggests: you just &quot;remember it&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sub&gt;(Although speaking of similar French idioms I guess many will actually wonder why it's &quot;ventre&quot; which is &quot;full&quot;. Many idioms sound strange from another language perspective.)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10327" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T13:28:36.513" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19764" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-29T16:33:13.730" Score="32" ViewCount="14045" Body="&lt;p&gt;In The Netherlands, we learn to write Latin characters in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursive&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;cursive&lt;/a&gt; in school, but most adults write &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_letters&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;block letters&lt;/a&gt; in practice.  My experience is that in other countries using the Latin alphabet, most adults use block letters as well.  How is this in Cyrillic?  Does handwritten Cyrillic by a typical adult Russian more closely resemble upright &quot;block letters&quot;¹, italic print, or the cursive taught in school?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference can be quite large  (д/&lt;em&gt;д&lt;/em&gt;, т/&lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt;, и/&lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;) and a source of confusion to learners (for example, see &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1552/why-does-italic-%d1%82-look-like-m&quot;&gt;Why does italic &amp;#39;т&amp;#39; look like &amp;#39;m&amp;#39;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/12212/what-is-the-stroke-order-for-cyrillic&quot;&gt;What is the stroke order for Cyrillic?&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/16644/11379&quot;&gt;What are these Russian characters that aren&amp;#39;t in the alphabet in my learning material?&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/13536/11379&quot;&gt;What Russian letter is this?&lt;/a&gt;); and lower case д actually has three different shapes.  I can read upright block letters quite well, italic block letters with some difficulty, how much may I need cursive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Related: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/2667/11379&quot;&gt;What is the preferred form of Cyrillic to use for handwriting?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;¹I'm not sure if this term is correct for Cyrillic!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11379" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2019-05-31T00:05:35.617" LastActivityDate="2020-03-22T15:20:24.033" Title="Do adult Russians normally hand-write Cyrillic as cursive or as block letters?" Tags="&lt;алфавит&gt;&lt;typography&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="18" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19765" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19764" CreationDate="2019-05-29T16:43:45.513" Score="38" Body="&lt;p&gt;In school it's taught cursive and only cursive, in many &quot;serious&quot; places (like government jobs, jobs in financial sector etc.) it will be considered very non-professional if you can not do cursive. In fact it's even hard to imagine that somebody does not. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However I have to admit that things are gradually changing and even Russian language teachers are adopting for such changes, although very slowly and very gradually. For instance, in 90s you were very lucky if your Russian language or Literature teacher (well, natural sciences teachers were more liberal) accept &lt;code&gt;T&lt;/code&gt; form for lowercase. Now from what I see how my son is doing his homework - such deviations from the standard are tolerated. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-29T19:26:45.440" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T19:26:45.440" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19766" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19912" CreationDate="2019-05-29T17:38:53.260" Score="11" ViewCount="3070" Body="&lt;p&gt;I discovered yesterday that the Russians often use the word &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;кабан&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;wild boar&amp;quot;) or its Old Russian analogue &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;вепрь&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; to talk about people:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Что ещё раз доказывает, что здоровья у Уайта предостаточно, чтобы ронять любого. Он вообще &lt;strong&gt;кабан&lt;/strong&gt; ещё тот. Просто не умеет вовремя и точно бить, чтобы всю силу удара проявить, то корпус не вложит, кинув просто одну руку, то промажет. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://fightnews.info/dillian-uajt-grozitsya-zhestko-raspravitsya-s-aleksandrom-usikom&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Когда он выбирается за КПП, он рыщет в поисках самки аки &lt;strong&gt;вепрь&lt;/strong&gt;. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://pikabu.ru/story/pro_matrosa_pupkina_ostorozhno_vsyakaya_raznaya_leksika_4402169&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) Саша был на вид лет сорока, рост — ​190 см, (здоровый как &lt;strong&gt;кабан&lt;/strong&gt;, примерно 120 кг), волосы на голове короткие, на обоих бедрах спереди наколки в виде тигра. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ontv.su/articles/4771-kak-borba-s-korrupciei-na-tamozhennom-postu-mahachkaly-obernulas-dlja-polkovnika-bilalova-arest.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Куда мне с таким &lt;strong&gt;кабаном&lt;/strong&gt; сладить? Он мне сам руки скрутил и заставил! (From Google Books)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) У нас в спортзале мужик носился как &lt;strong&gt;кабан&lt;/strong&gt;, потом сразу тяжести, далее баня, бассейн и холодный душ, почти каждый день. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://forum.guns.ru/forum_light_message/68/2066476.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6) Лоуренс растолстел, посмотрите трейлер 'Смерть на похоронах' там он вообще &lt;strong&gt;кабан&lt;/strong&gt;. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kinopoisk.ru/news/1235503/comment/236439/#comment-236439&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(7) Даже не удивившись, я услышала, как запор щелкнул, и в дверь ввалился злой, как &lt;strong&gt;кабан&lt;/strong&gt;, Сардонет. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.litmir.me/br/?b=583576&amp;amp;p=41&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(8) Он крутой, как &lt;strong&gt;кабан&lt;/strong&gt;. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://novosti.re/v9P2ikPxdwdDei0o/dima_bilan_must_die.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(9) Она должна быть в хорошей форме, чтобы спать с таким &lt;strong&gt;кабаном&lt;/strong&gt;. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://cinematext.ru/movie/ubijca-zhivet-v-dome...-21-l-assassin-habite...-au-21-1942/?page=3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am unsure precisely what qualities the word &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;кабан&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; expresses in each of these sentences, but the Russians appear to me to see the wild boar as a big, strong, hot-tempered, and dangerous animal, and I am completely surprised by this. I cannot speak for all Japanese, but I see the wild boar rather as a cute, small, and peaceful creature. Here is a typical video showing a cute wild boar wandering in a city: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/KBqBRxPwFJQ&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/KBqBRxPwFJQ&lt;/a&gt;. As you see in the video, no one is afraid of the boar. And wild boars are by no means big - they are pretty short, well below the human waist, and have very short legs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Experts, even Russian-speaking ones, clearly say that boars are harmless, at least unless seriously provoked. Let me quote from a Russian article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Директор зоопарка Алексей Григорьев, кандидат ветеринарных наук, знает о кабанах почти все: - Это животное практически совершенно лишено агрессии. Когда в средствах массовой информации сообщают, что кабан - хищник, мне просто смешно. ... Чтобы дикий кабан преследовал мальчика, этот мальчик должен был бы либо животное ранить (а это само по себе непросто), либо попытаться нанести вред детенышам. Я наблюдаю кабанов не один год, и могу сказать, что даже самка с детенышами, заметив человека, всегда старается уйти, скрыться в чаще. Кабан неконфликтен, он избегает столкновений с другими животными. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://zoo.kharkov.ua/ru/content/news/kaban-monstr-ili-chudo-prirody&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you see, this expert laughs about the popular conception that wild boars are aggressive. My view on wild boars fully coincides with the view by this expert.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sure, if you seriously attack a wild boar or threaten its babies, it can respond with counter-aggression if it sees no other choice, but this is common to all animals, I believe. I think there is nothing really special about the wild boar in this regard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am puzzled how the Russians could end up having such an irrational fear of boars. After all, boars are much smaller and less aggressive or dangerous than bears, aren't they? Yet the Russians say &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;добрый как медведь&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;kind as a bear&amp;quot;) and call bears by the cute word &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;мишка&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot; I am totally confused by this. I think it is much more natural to call a big hulk a bear rather than a boar. Bears are big and intimidating, whilst boars are rather small and almost completely vegetarian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my culture the wild boar is portrayed as an animal that, if really provoked and left no choice but to fight, becomes totally reckless. That is, if a wild boar has to fight, it fights for real, no matter who the enemy is. It is about the true fighting spirit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it does not seem to be any fighting spirit that the Russians convey by using the word &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;кабан&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;. At least this is what numerous examples, including Sentences (1)-(9), seem to suggest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I got intrigued by this apparent cultural difference and am curious why the Russians see the wild boar how they see it. Maybe there are some relevant fairy tales, cartoons, songs, poems, novels, or movies. After all, children learn about animals from fairy tales, and the first impression is the most important. And fairy tales are notorious for being too different from the reality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: Precisely what qualities do the Russians mean when they figuratively call someone a wild boar or compare someone to a wild boar, and why? The question &amp;quot;why&amp;quot; refers to how the Russians learn about wild boars, that is, to things like fairy tales, cartoons, etc. And I am especially curious to know the default meaning of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;ты (как) кабан&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; [&amp;quot;you are (like) a wild boar&amp;quot;] and whether this phrase is a compliment or an offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T22:07:50.453" Title="What people are called boars (&quot;кабан&quot;) and why?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19766" CreationDate="2019-05-29T17:57:40.237" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you say that someone is &lt;code&gt;кабан&lt;/code&gt; it's about him being huge, bulky and sometimes being strong is also implied, quite often it's used with adjective &quot;здоровенный&quot;, like in &quot;Да он же кабан здоровенный, куда тебе с ним тягаться&quot;. Depending on context, it can be said quite friendly or can have some negative connotations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other word used more or less in the same context is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;лось&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (which also could be &lt;code&gt;здоровенный лось&lt;/code&gt;. Because, you know, moose and boars are huge and bulky :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also &lt;code&gt;бык&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;бычара&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, but this more about not being just strong but aggressive and stupid at the same time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can not help but notice that you quite often asking why something is the way it is - well, for good or for bad when it comes to languages this question is quite counterproductive. It's the way it is. Why, for instance not, &quot;здоровенный медвежара&quot;  - well we can speculate that bears were taboo animals that's why but we quite often say &lt;code&gt;сильный как медведь&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-29T18:03:42.060" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T18:03:42.060" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19766" CreationDate="2019-05-29T18:54:48.097" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's my own speculation, but I think there are two reasons behind this perception of a wild boar:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They are much more likely to do damage to the land and crops than other animals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They rely on their body mass in their fight tactics and general behavior more than other animals.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian Urheimat was of course populated with bigger animals like bears, elks, wisents etc., but when you are about to think of something big and sturdy and, most importantly, not willing to go out of their way once their mind is set on something, nothing beats the wild boar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If early Russians played Family Feud and were asked to fill the gaps in &quot;he goes through the crowd like a … through the fence&quot; or &quot;he's moving like a …, nothing can stop him&quot;, what would be the most popular answer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-05-29T18:54:48.097" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19764" CreationDate="2019-05-30T04:24:51.517" Score="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;Things may be changing, but I dare say an overwhelming majority of 'adult' Russians (those finished primary school 10+ years ago) write in cursive - when they have to hand write at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Writing in block letters has always been considered 'childish': only small kids do it because they haven't learnt any better yet. (But again, things are changing, and perception too).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps, because of less practice, the script can be inconsistent (I might even write т and &lt;em&gt;т&lt;/em&gt; interchangeably), but it will be cursive nevertheless.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main advantage of cursive is that it's much faster to write. Those who still have to write a lot by hand (like those proverbial doctors) always use cursive. The difference is not so much how a particular letter is written but the fact that they are joined together, and you don't need to lift the pen off paper as much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I, for one (having finished my primary school still in the USSR) tend to write cursive even in English - unless I'm filling in a form or writing just a word or two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T04:24:51.517" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19766" CreationDate="2019-05-30T06:16:38.567" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The perception that a wild boar is violent and dangerous comes from hunting it. Russians have been hunting wild boars for food for thousands of years and still do. These animals are notoriously dangerous to hunt because not only are they very difficult to put down, they have a very thick hide that's hard to pierce and can take many shots to their body without slowing down. Once wounded, they go into a frenzy and try to chase and attack the hunter until their last breath. Unlike some other animals that would try to escape. Many inexperienced and even experienced hunters have died in a boar hunt gone wrong. Even when you think it's dead, it may suddenly get up and attack you. It also has sharp tusks the size of your arm that it can easily gut a person with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also the boar linked in your video is tiny, much smaller than the kinds generally hunted in Russia and Eastern Europe. The hunted boars are fully grown males, usually around 150-200kg, but have been known to reach up to 500kg, definitely not small and cute, here is an example picture:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pikabu.ru/story/biznesmen_iz_chelyabinska_zavalil_gigantskogo_kabana_v_sverdlovskikh_lesakh_3798860&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://pikabu.ru/story/biznesmen_iz_chelyabinska_zavalil_gigantskogo_kabana_v_sverdlovskikh_lesakh_3798860&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine that thing in a crazed state charging at you, knocking down trees in its path after you've already shot it 5 times and you get the idea. Imagine how it was to hunt them before firearms! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: wild boars have been known to be aggressive throughout history, especially solitary males during rutting season, and they can attack humans unprovoked during this period. See here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_boar#Attacks_on_humans&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_boar#Attacks_on_humans&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastEditorUserId="12011" LastEditDate="2019-05-30T10:27:10.960" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T10:27:10.960" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19771" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19764" CreationDate="2019-05-30T07:46:57.400" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;As already said, all Russians are taught in school how to write in cursive and use it in everyday life. Writing with cursive letters is much more faster but everyone has his own style, that is sometimes hard to read, so sometimes you are asked you use block letters. That's why when you fill a form, for example when you apply for a new ID, you have to use block letters to write your name and other information to avoid any mistakes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12007" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-05-30T10:26:27.163" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T10:26:27.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19772" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19774" CreationDate="2019-05-30T10:38:53.790" Score="4" ViewCount="225" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe I understand the meaning of the expression &lt;code&gt;чёрта с два&lt;/code&gt;, but I don't understand its origin or grammar:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why is &lt;code&gt;чёрта&lt;/code&gt; in the accusative/genitive case?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Why is &lt;code&gt;два&lt;/code&gt; in the nominative case after &lt;code&gt;с&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What are the &quot;two&quot; mentioned in the expression?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5375" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T23:17:15.317" Title="Etymology of &quot;чёрта с два&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19773" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19776" CreationDate="2019-05-30T11:06:37.130" Score="6" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;In very old texts, sometimes the letter &lt;code&gt;і&lt;/code&gt; is used, but it has been replaced by &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; in modern spelling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I, like many others, learned modern orthography, so I don't understand why sometimes &lt;code&gt;і&lt;/code&gt; is used, sometimes &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;. As far as I know, they represent the same phoneme, so I don't see what the motive was for having two separate letters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suppose I travel back in time, and need to know when to use which letter. &lt;em&gt;How do I know when to spell &lt;code&gt;і&lt;/code&gt; and when to spell &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-30T12:35:43.123" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T12:35:43.123" Title="What are the differences between &quot;и&quot; and &quot;і&quot; in prereform orthography?" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19772" CreationDate="2019-05-30T11:16:06.750" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian has two similar constructs to express uncertainty about quantity:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Swapping the numeral and the noun it modifies:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня в кармане сто рублей // I have hundred rubles in my pocket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня в кармане рублей сто // I have &lt;em&gt;about&lt;/em&gt; hundred rubles in my pocket&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adding the preposition &lt;em&gt;с&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эти кирпичи весят тонну // These bricks weigh a metric ton&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эти кирпичи весят с тонну // These bricks weigh a ton or so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first one is used when the quantity is measured in numerals, the second one when it's measured in units.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you use both numerals and units, the two can be combined:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она весит килограмм с пятьдесят // She weighs about 50 kg.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, which roughly means: &amp;quot;if we are about to compare her weight in kilograms to a number, the number is going to be 50 or so&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the literal meaning of your phrase is &amp;quot;about two devils&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;two devils or so&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This set phrase is used similar to the English words &amp;quot;shit&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;hell&amp;quot; in phrases like &amp;quot;You can't do shit about it&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;The hell you're going to sell this house at this price&amp;quot;. If you replace &amp;quot;shit&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;hell&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;about two devils&amp;quot;, you'll get the Russian equivalents of those phrases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &amp;quot;two&amp;quot; here is just an arbitrary number, like in English &amp;quot;he won't give two hoots about that&amp;quot; and does not have any special meaning. It probably started off as a joke which then had got the traction and set its roots in the language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T13:11:08.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19773" CreationDate="2019-05-30T11:53:41.103" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cyrillic alphabet was originally Greek alphabet shoehorned into being a script system for Old Church Slavonic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original Greek alphabet had two distinct letters: &lt;em&gt;ι&lt;/em&gt; (the iota) and &lt;em&gt;η&lt;/em&gt; (the eta), which used to denote different sounds in Ancient Greek but had later merged in Byzantine Greek (the source of sound meanings for the original Cyrillic).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Old Church Slavonic used both letters, but had later re-purposed them: &lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt; was used before the vowels, in some Greek and Hebrew names and loanwords which had the iota in their Greek rendition (&lt;em&gt;стiхъ, Iиуй, Давiдъ&lt;/em&gt; etc.) and to resolve homonyms: &lt;em&gt;миръ&lt;/em&gt; &quot;peace&quot; / &lt;em&gt;міръ&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;world, society&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later, Russian orthography had brought the Greek and Hebrew loanwords to the norm, so the &lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt; was used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Before the vowels and &lt;em&gt;й&lt;/em&gt;, except on morpheme boundary: &lt;em&gt;iудей, русскiй&lt;/em&gt; but &lt;em&gt;семиугольникъ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In the word &lt;em&gt;мiръ&lt;/em&gt; in its meaning of &quot;world, society&quot; and the words derived from it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-05-30T12:09:51.453" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T12:09:51.453" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19776" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19773" CreationDate="2019-05-30T11:54:16.290" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unlike Ѣ (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Ять в дореформенной русской орфографии&quot;&lt;/a&gt;) rules for i/и (which were pronounced exactly the same way) are very easy to memorize, here's quote &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F#%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%86&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;from Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Употреблялась перед гласными (в том числе и перед й, которая считалась&#xA;  полугласной: кiй, убiйца), а также в слове міръ в значении&#xA;  «окружающий мир, вселенная» для отличия от слова миръ «спокойствие».&#xA;  Согласно народной этимологии так же писали Владиміръ, однако&#xA;  академиком Гротом предписывалось писать Владимиръ. Исключения&#xA;  составляли только сложные слова, первая часть которых оканчивалась на&#xA;  и: пятиаршинный, семиэтажный, восьмиугольникъ, а также приставка наи-&#xA;  (наиужаснѣйшій), отрицательные местоимения, начинавшиеся с ни-&#xA;  (ниоткуда) и т. п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was also so-called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ижица&lt;/a&gt; which up to the beginning of XXth century was used only in мѵ́ро (миро) and a bunch of other words: (for instance, ѵпостась, сѵ́мволъ) - but this was old-fashioned even then. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-30T12:00:43.443" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T12:00:43.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19764" CreationDate="2019-05-30T13:20:31.517" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Many responders have already mentioned the cursive handwriting as faster...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, perhaps unlike some cursive scripts I see daily used in Europe/US at least, the seeming purpose of Russian cursive writing is to write a word, or large parts thereof, as one line without picking up the pen from the paper and seeking to a new position to start the next letter of the same word. This &quot;built-in&quot; habit from the school impacts my handwriting in other languages, which some native-speakers (and native-readers) then reported to be curious and not the way they would write the same words and sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this also impacts the aspect mentioned above, like interchangeability of &quot;т&quot; and &quot;m&quot; for the same letter - I also have this habit without a second thought, but if I give it a thought, the choice likely relies on what liason from the previously written letter would be simplest to implement without extra momentum to the hand... or maybe adding one if it feels tired from holding one position for a while and needs the slight massage of a more jagged writing :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My schooling was in late USSR/early Russia, and while there was a strong emphasis (and significant grading impact) during Russian classes regarding legibility of what was written, I don't think there was much stress regarding the choice of variants to write same letters same way consistently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: I asked around, and my wife whose schooling was in early post-USSR years said they were drilled on proper cursive writing with one true font. Variations like the &quot;T&quot; examples above were not tolerated, treated as a mistake - that they twitched and put some garbage in the page &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; skipped a real letter from a word, thus wrote it incorrectly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For schoolkids today parents can apparently sign a request on how their children should be taught writing - with cursive scripts and further enhancing that skill, or with block scripts and further move into typing/tapping rather than penning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6641" LastEditorUserId="6641" LastEditDate="2019-06-04T11:46:23.877" LastActivityDate="2019-06-04T11:46:23.877" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19778" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19772" CreationDate="2019-05-30T13:31:20.247" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &quot;not so  rough&quot; russian one of the meanings of &quot;чёрт&quot; word is &quot;nothing&quot;. So meaning of a phrase &quot;Ты получишь чёрта с два&quot; is &quot;you will get about two nothings&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T13:31:20.247" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19780" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-30T13:47:22.483" Score="6" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was translating some colloquial French sentences (in standard register, about a rather serious topic) into Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Думаешь, мы &lt;strong&gt;возложили&lt;/strong&gt; на них слишком большие надежды? Перекладывание своих проблем на чужие плечи решению не поможет, разве нет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;возложить&quot;, along with its imperfective counterpart &quot;возлагать&quot;, is tagged as &lt;em&gt;literary&lt;/em&gt; across the board on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiki&lt;/a&gt;. So I've always wondered if this verb is fit for use in conversation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If my phrasing above does sound somewhat formal or literary, how is the same idea expressed more informally?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-05-30T14:49:36.880" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T20:24:13.617" Title="Register of &quot;возложить&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19781" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19780" CreationDate="2019-05-30T13:51:41.313" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;While &lt;code&gt;возложить&lt;/code&gt; is indeed tend to high register usage it's still acceptable in colloquial usage. It's totally imaginable however I'd rather suggest that someone will just say &quot;Думаешь, мы слишком на них понадеялись?&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-30T13:58:34.323" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T13:58:34.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19782" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19723" CreationDate="2019-05-30T14:03:02.953" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The was a nation at Caucases, called &quot;черкессы&quot;. They had extremely bad reputation as bandit nation. They were forcibly relocated to Turkey in the middle of XIX. But there reputation of a nation wich despised labor and education (true warrior should only know how to handle sword, gun and women) outlived them. So Russians keep calling all other uneducated highlanders by there shorten  insulting name - &quot;чурки&quot; (of case having a second level of comparing them to logs). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now - almost two centuries later - most people forgot about origins, but remember that this is an insulting name for some nations from &quot;south&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-05-30T14:14:36.453" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T14:14:36.453" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19780" CreationDate="2019-05-30T14:10:17.480" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Specifically with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;надежды&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;возлагать&lt;/strong&gt; is OK in common (not primitive) parlance as well, because it's a set locution. There's no other verb simpler than &lt;strong&gt;возлагать&lt;/strong&gt; to be used in this sense with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;надежды&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However in the sense of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;класть&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;ложить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - regional)* &lt;strong&gt;возлагать&lt;/strong&gt; does indeed belong to a formal register where it denotes an act of solemn, ceremonial placement, e.g. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;возлагать венок к памятнику&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;возлагать корону&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;* &lt;strong&gt;ложить&lt;/strong&gt; is considered incorrect, but it's so widespread that i believe it should be reckoned with as a legitimate form, which however must still be used with caution around educated people lest you come off as a simpleton&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-05-30T14:21:43.880" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T14:21:43.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19721" CreationDate="2019-05-30T14:14:28.613" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In old russian the verb &quot;быть&quot; had a форм &quot;суть&quot; for plural and 3rd person: &quot;Я есть&quot; (&quot;Аз есмь&quot; for even older), &quot;Они суть&quot;, &quot;Он суть&quot;, &quot;Оно суть&quot;. Especialy becase it can be easely misundestood with &quot;to eat&quot; verb: &quot;Оно есть&quot; - &quot;Оно ест&quot;. (&quot;Это не ест важно&quot; - &quot;It doesn't eat lordly&quot; is a strange, but valid phrase )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T14:14:28.613" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19780" CreationDate="2019-05-30T14:21:15.887" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using an informal or colloquial register for возлагать большие надежды could be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мы слишком многого от них хотим /требуем. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T14:21:15.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19786" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19712" CreationDate="2019-05-30T14:26:19.710" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a &quot;between line&quot; meaning in this case: sexial abuse. Shakhturov promised that girls would not be forced to become a lover or a wife to anybody (it was not uncommon for high lords to abuse some province girls). But he didn't quite held that promise by himself as you can understand (&quot;внимание&quot; here means sexual contact)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T14:26:19.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19780" CreationDate="2019-05-30T15:07:55.387" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your phrase is perfect. Do not change anything. &#xA;There is a collocation (idiom) in Russian - &lt;code&gt;возлагать надежды&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And no, it does not sound literary or formal. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But more primitive, informally, you can say the following: &lt;code&gt;понадеяться.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8793" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T15:07:55.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19788" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19789" CreationDate="2019-05-30T15:46:54.253" Score="2" ViewCount="186" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question had an answer which touched on what I'm asking, but not enough, and mostly in the imperative sense - &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1005/%d0%b8%d0%b4%d0%b8-%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%b9-vs-%d0%b8%d0%b4%d0%b8-%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%8c-vs-%d0%b8%d0%b4%d0%b8-%d0%b8-%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%b9&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;иди работай&amp;quot; vs. &amp;quot;иди работать&amp;quot; vs. &amp;quot;иди и работай&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question and answer also touched on it closer, but in the realm of &quot;verbs of motion&quot;, which to me seem special enough (with their 'determinant-ness) to warrant possibly being a special situation, and not general. Also @Ershov states; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In fact, I can only think of one auxiliary verb in Russian besides быть. It's стать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which makes me question whether &lt;strong&gt;чита́ть&lt;/strong&gt; (in my following examples) is an auxillary verb - I thought it was (in this situation, i.e. being immediately after a tensed, conjugated verb).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/17069/auxiliary-verbs&quot;&gt;Auxiliary verbs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was taught that I could say things like,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I like to read. - Мне нра́вится читать.&#xA;I will like to read. - Мне бу́ду нра́вится читать.&#xA;I did like to read. - Мне был(а) нра́вится читать.&#xA;or different even,&#xA;I want to repair &amp;lt;object/noun&amp;gt;... - Я хочу́ почини́ть...&amp;lt;object/noun&amp;gt;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where there are two consecutive verbs (tenses do not matter; aspect just to imply a continuous action).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other day I wrote,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I worked on repairing the transmission. - Я порабо́тал чини́ть переда́чу.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with verbs (in order) in perfective and imperfect aspect. (Because I finished the work [say, yesterday], and I did not accomplish my task)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My tutor said a way (that wasn't wrong) to say what I wanted to say was,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В по́лдень я рабо́тал: чини́л переда́чу моего́ пика́па.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Between the two different cases of consecutive verbs... what marks the apparent distinction between being able to put them together and not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a matter of &lt;strong&gt;transitivity&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS. As a matter of consistency and authority, I have started to rely more singularly on one book - Terrence Wade's book - and so bonus imaginary points if there is a reference to this concept (in this book or elsewhere).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="6545" LastEditDate="2019-05-31T04:58:51.723" LastActivityDate="2019-06-16T20:43:50.053" Title="tensed, conjugated verb + imperfective verb -- When can they be adjacent?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19788" CreationDate="2019-05-30T16:23:30.053" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Between the two different cases of consecutive verbs... what marks the apparent distinction between being able to put them together and not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ability of verbs (or any other kind of words) to be together in a certain form in a sentence is called their &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcategorization&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;subcategorization frame&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Transitivity is a special case of subcategorization.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A transitive verb is a verb which can have an argument, but different verbs can, however, have only nouns or only other verbs or either as their arguments; for some of them the arguments are optional and for some they are mandatory; they can have one or two or more arguments etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, verbs with different subcategorization frames are not consistently marked in any special way: you should learn it by heart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T16:23:30.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19766" CreationDate="2019-05-30T17:32:47.290" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The image of wild boar is conflated with the image of domestic pig. And the most obvious trait of domestic pig is being fat. Wild boars, on the other hand, are perceived as strong animals, so most of your examples say that someone is big or even fat but strong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for wild boar mental image, two main type of interaction between a human and a wild animal, (before the advent of zoos and popular science media), are hunting and damage to crops (killing of livestock for predators).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Boar hunting is dangerous, it even lead to invention of a specific weapon, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boar_spear&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;boar spear&lt;/a&gt;. Also, Russian culture is influenced by Greek one, which has a story of a monstrous &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calydonian_Boar&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Calydonian Boar&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Boars are known for crop damage too, which is also featured in Rudyard Kipling’s &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letting_in_the_Jungle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Letting in the Jungles&lt;/a&gt; (one of Mowgli stories), which is obviously influenced by both British and Indian cultural images.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, you compared the Russian mental image with Japanese perception. It must be noted that most big wild animals are expected to be smaller in Japan than on Eurasian mainland due to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_dwarfism&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;insular dwarfism&lt;/a&gt;. And even bigger animals appear in colder, more Northern parts of the continent due to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergmann%27s_rule&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bergmann’s rule&lt;/a&gt;. Look at the table of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_boar#Subspecies&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;boar’s subspecies&lt;/a&gt;, Japanese boars are much smaller than Central European and Carpathian ones, which are most relevant to Russians. Interestingly, the article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_boar&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Japanese boar&lt;/a&gt; claims it is perceived as “fearsome and reckless animal” in Japanese culture too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your question on boars in Russian fairytales, they seem to appear quite rarely, probably because the role of a big, strong and not so smart animal is already filled by the bear. Also see some &lt;a href=&quot;https://fantlab.ru/forum/forum6page5/topic3478page4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;discussion here&lt;/a&gt;. However, this link claims that the wisent appears more frequently in fairytales than the boar, but I cannot remember any tale with a wisent in it, and even can’t find one in Google. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian article on wisents&lt;/a&gt; suggests that while they were present in Ukraine and Belarus, wisents went extinct in what is now central Russia in prehistoric times.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12019" LastEditorUserId="12019" LastEditDate="2019-05-30T18:20:00.293" LastActivityDate="2019-05-30T18:20:00.293" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19788" CreationDate="2019-05-30T21:06:18.987" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, just some tips about the usage. Firstly, the combination &lt;em&gt;verb + infinitive&lt;/em&gt; can most often be of two types, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) составное глагольное сказуемое, and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) verb + infinitive as an adverbial of purpose. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The infinitive appears in two types, imperfective (несовершенного вида) which shows a process,  and perfective( совершенного вида)expressing a result, or a finished action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Let us consider составное глагольное сказуемое.&#xA;Вспомогательный глагол + основной глагол (инфинитив) &#xA;&#xA;  &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;We usually use инфинитив&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;1.1. after so-called phase verbs expressing the beginning,  continuation, end of an action: начать, стать, продолжать, кончить,перестать, прекратить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;    &lt;ol&gt;&lt;pre&gt;начал говорить, &#xA;продолжал работать, &#xA;перестал разговаривать, &#xA;прекратил писать.&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;1.2. after modal verbs expressing wish to stop doing something: надоесть, устать, расхотеть, отговорить, передумать, отказываться, бояться,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;    &lt;ol&gt;&lt;pre&gt;отговорил ехать, &#xA;устал писать, &#xA;надоело слушать.&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;or wish: желать,хотеть, мечтать, намереваться, пытаться, стараться, рассчитывать,  ухитриться, спешить, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;1.3 after modal verbs expressing ability, skill: уметь, научиться, привыкнуть, мочь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;    &lt;ol&gt;&lt;pre&gt;научился плавать, &#xA;умел рисовать.&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;Инфинитив совершенного вида is used after verbs with the meaning of result: удасться, успеть, забыть, остаться&lt;p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;    &lt;ol&gt;&lt;pre&gt;удалось заработать, &#xA;забыл позвонить.&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;verb + infinitive as an adverbial of purpose. &#xA;&#xA;   &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;The infinitive can be used after verbs of motion and express purpose.&#xA;&#xA;    &lt;pre&gt;пошел (с какой целью?) присесть, &#xA;лег отдохнуть,&#xA;сел послушать,&#xA;побежал искать (ребенка, лошадь),&#xA;вышел попрощаться (с друзьями),&#xA;выскочил выбросить, &#xA;приехал погостить.&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;The list is not complete, because modality is a wide notion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6545" LastEditDate="2019-06-16T20:43:50.053" LastActivityDate="2019-06-16T20:43:50.053" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19794" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19764" CreationDate="2019-05-31T01:10:59.640" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cursive or intersections with some block letters (like @Jum Klimov mentioned). No one uses block letters on their own when handwriting. It's way too slow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12021" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2019-05-31T01:59:03.350" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T01:59:03.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19795" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19802" CreationDate="2019-05-31T09:05:19.883" Score="3" ViewCount="1172" Body="&lt;p&gt;Update: To put it simply, what I am looking for is a Russian word or expression that combines three things together: (1) &lt;em&gt;inconsiderate&lt;/em&gt; (that is, not careful to avoid harm to others), (2) &lt;em&gt;meddlesome&lt;/em&gt; (that is, getting involved in situations where he is not wanted or which are none of his business), and (3) &lt;em&gt;asshole&lt;/em&gt; (that is, arrogant, non-emphatic, insensitive, etc.). For details, read my original text below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot find a precise Russian word for a specific kind of person or personality trait and am humbly asking for your help. Let me describe a few situations to explain what personality trait or kind of person I mean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Situation 1&lt;/strong&gt;: A girl climbs on a high diving tower in order to enjoy a view of the lake. There a guy starts trying to persuade her to jump into the water. The girl is highly reluctant, but the guy is persistent and explains that jumping into the water will bring unforgettable emotions. Being unable to persuade her, the guy physically pushes her from the tower, deliberately making her fall into the water. The girl falls from the great height, screaming as if she were watching a horror movie. She surfaces from the water and feels extremely angry, as she strongly disliked the experience, was not psychologically prepared at all, and did not want to get her hair wet. The guy laughs, &quot;You had to try it. Told ya, it's easier than you thought.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Situation 2&lt;/strong&gt;: A student is preparing a small party for her colleagues in a research institute on the occasion of her graduation and brings a few bottles of expensive champagne to the institute for the party. Having little time left before the party, she puts the bottles to the freezer of a fridge at the institute in order to cool them on time. A few minutes before the party she returns to the fridge to take the bottles and does not find them in the freezer - they are in the main compartment of the fridge and have not been cooled at all. The girl is totally frustrated. The cleaning guy, who is unaware of the party, comes in and says, &quot;Champagne does not belong in the freezer. How could you not know this? How could you not realize that it would get frozen within a few hours? I put it where it belongs.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Situation 3&lt;/strong&gt;: A PhD student feels she was somewhat mistreated by her professor, and tells a friend about it. The guy says he will go to the professor and explain him how wrong he is. The girl asks the guy not to do it, because she is afraid that things might go very wrong. Yet the guy nevertheless approaches the professor some days later. A verbal argument starts between them and quickly escalates. The result is that the professor feels deeply offended and finds a formal pretext to stop supervising the girl. She is in deep trouble and has to look for another supervisor and start her PhD project over. She would happily accept occasional slight mistreatment instead, but it is too late. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I humbly hope you now understand what kind of people I mean. The guy causes harm or trouble or inconvenience, believing he knows better. He is closed-minded, has little empathy, and disregards the opinions of others. He is ignorant of the details and circumstances of the situation, but is quick to intervene. He has a big ego and feels entitled to decide for others what is best for them. He is not evil and has no bad intent, and he is not stupid either and may even excel in his studies or at his work, but he pays little attention to concerns or intents of others and is not used to giving thought to how his actions will actually impact others. He has a rigid way of thinking, is quick to make decisions, and is persistent and stubborn in executing them, sometimes to the extent of ignoring explicit protests or warnings by others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: what words or brief expressions are there in the Russian language for such people? The more precise the better. I want to learn not only high register words, but also colloquial and even rude words. I especially want to learn very clear words that will cause deep understanding on an emotional level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-08-19T10:58:24.317" LastActivityDate="2019-08-19T10:58:24.317" Title="What are the words for people who cause trouble believing they know better?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19795" CreationDate="2019-05-31T10:18:05.750" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are two Russian set phrases which come to my mind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They might not describe exactly the kind of the personality traits you're after, but I think they're close enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Унтер Пришибеев&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the protagonist of Chekhov's &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2_(%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;eponymous short story&lt;/a&gt; (extended spoilers below) who is standing trial  for insult and battery. He's a retired law enforcement officer who thinks that law enforcement is still his duty. He is laying down his law in the village he lives in, abusing the power he does not have in the first place and taking police functions upon himself. He thinks that the peasants he's living among are not educated enough to have their own opinions and it's his duty to guide them. When he's convicted, he's honestly confused and does not understand what the big deal is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Синдром вахтёра&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This literally means &quot;gatekeeper's syndrome&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It describes a control freak who has some little power over people (say, serves as a gatekeeper or as a guard or as a small manager) and tries to abuse this power to the best of their ability.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they're the proverbial gatekeeper, they would make sure to require a photo id and spend a good minute comparing your face to the photo; if they are a team manager they would micromanage to the lowermost level and deny you any kind of agency etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-05-31T12:27:52.237" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T12:27:52.237" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19780" CreationDate="2019-05-31T11:47:21.977" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there's &lt;em&gt;just one&lt;/em&gt; aspect where &lt;strong&gt;возложить/возлагать&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;em&gt;high register&lt;/em&gt;: leaving &lt;em&gt;physically&lt;/em&gt; something (like flowers) in a memorial place during a ceremony. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Everything else is mainly &lt;strong&gt;set expressions&lt;/strong&gt;, more or less formal: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;возложить ответственность&lt;/strong&gt; (to announce somebody responsible),&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;возложить обязанности&lt;/strong&gt; (to establish personal duties according to the employee position), &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;возлагать надежды&lt;/strong&gt; (to have big hopes about one's own or some people's &lt;em&gt;long-term&lt;/em&gt; activities).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T11:47:21.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19761" CreationDate="2019-05-31T12:00:12.200" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When describing pain, I’d use &lt;code&gt;живот&lt;/code&gt; for areas around navel  and lower where the intestines are, for example, during diarrhea. And I’d use &lt;code&gt;желудок&lt;/code&gt; for area around solar plexus, for example, due to gastritis. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12019" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T12:00:12.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19795" CreationDate="2019-05-31T12:47:49.543" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not about the person, but about the situation:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Медвежья услуга, оказать медвежью услугу&lt;/strong&gt; — When someone tries to help, do it the way he thinks will be better, but it turns out only worse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1097" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T12:47:49.543" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19795" CreationDate="2019-05-31T12:56:51.383" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You probably could use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Каждой бочке затычка.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он каждой бочке затычка.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This expression basically means someone excessively active, who try to help others, even if they don't want it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11758" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T12:56:51.383" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19795" CreationDate="2019-05-31T13:25:24.067" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Speaking about the situation, not the person, you can cite &quot;хотели как лучше, а получилось как всегда&quot; (&quot;We wanted to do as well as we could, but it went as always&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12029" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T13:25:24.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19805" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19806" CreationDate="2019-05-31T13:33:36.610" Score="2" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am buying &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32790128025.html?spm=a2g0s.8937460.0.0.23ce2e0ebZvR9l&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wigs on AliExpress&lt;/a&gt; for a performance. Many of the reviews were not in English and the site translated them. However, certain words did not translate correctly. This is especially in the Russian reviews. Thusly, I am having a hard time understanding what the reviews are actually saying. This makes it hard to select the correct wigs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I keep seeing reviews that say that a wig/hair &quot;climbs a little&quot; or &quot;does not climb&quot;, reviews that state that the wig/hair is &quot;confused&quot;, and reviews stating that the wig/hair is &quot;oblique&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am trying to determine what these words actually mean. Oblique could mean that the wig is asymmetrical, but I am not entirely sure. However, this is why it would be helpful in knowing what all of these words actually mean, because I need symmetrical wigs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This review was originally in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Thank you to the seller, the hair looks beautiful, odorless, soft, i liked the color, comb normally, does not &lt;strong&gt;climb&lt;/strong&gt;, i recommend!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the original version in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Спасибо продавцу,волосы красиво смотрятся,без запаха,мягкие, цвет мне понравился,расчесывать нормально,не лезет ,рекомендую!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This review was originally in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A good wig, especially for their money, did not really like the bangs, but it's because of the styling, a little play and everything is fine, the hair is &lt;strong&gt;confused&lt;/strong&gt;, but &lt;strong&gt;walk&lt;/strong&gt; comb and everything is fine. So for a photo shoot i advise&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the original version in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;хороший парик, особенно за свои деньги,не очень понравилась челка,но это из-за укладки,чуток поиграть и все отлично,волосы путаются,но пройтись расчёской и все нормально. так что для фотосессии советую&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12030" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-05-31T14:15:51.080" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T16:25:16.680" Title="Is there a way to better translate/understand Russian to English in online reviews?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19805" CreationDate="2019-05-31T13:55:37.947" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;лезет&lt;/em&gt; is the 3rd person present singular from &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;лезть&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Its main meaning is &quot;to climb&quot; but in this case it means &quot;to come out, to fall off&quot;, as of the hair (see meaning 7)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally it's applied to the hair itself: &lt;em&gt;у моего пса шерсть лезет&lt;/em&gt;, meaning &quot;my dog's hair come out&quot;, however, in colloquial speech, it can be applied to something that is losing the hair: &lt;em&gt;мой пёс лезет&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This literally means &quot;my dog is coming out&quot;, but in the context, it's understandable that it's the hair, not the dog which is coming out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, it's &quot;the hair don't fall off the wig&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;путаются&lt;/em&gt; is 3rd person present plural from &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;путаться&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has two meanings: &quot;to get tangled&quot; and &quot;to get confused&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian translation of the title of Disney's &quot;Tangled&quot;, &lt;em&gt;Запутанная история&lt;/em&gt;, is a word play on this double meaning: it means both &quot;a tangled story&quot; and &quot;a confusing story&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, it's &quot;the hair get tangled&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-05-31T16:25:16.680" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T16:25:16.680" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19807" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19805" CreationDate="2019-05-31T13:58:18.913" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Лезет&lt;/code&gt; means it loses hair. See Wiktionary for &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;лезть&lt;/a&gt;, though this meaning is a colloquial contraction of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;облезать&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Путаются&lt;/code&gt; means hairs become entangled. Wiktionary &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;путаться&lt;/a&gt;, meaning 1.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пройтись расчёской&lt;/code&gt; means simply to comb it with a comb. See Russian Wiktionary &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;пройтись&lt;/a&gt;, meaning 3: to treat a surface of an object with some tool or substance. (English one does not mention it.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12019" LastEditorUserId="12019" LastEditDate="2019-05-31T14:31:16.043" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T14:31:16.043" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19795" CreationDate="2019-05-31T14:47:49.213" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe &lt;code&gt;непрошеный помощник&lt;/code&gt; satisfies all 3 of your requirements. &lt;code&gt;Непрошеный&lt;/code&gt; here have negative connotations, it may mean both “not asked for” and “actively declined” help. However, the words are not very strong, if you want to express strong negative emotions, you may want to add some generic curses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Медвежья услуга&lt;/code&gt; also means help which made thing worse, but it does not necessary imply pushiness. It may even mean help which was asked for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for being pushy, you may look at words &lt;code&gt;назойливый&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;навязчивый&lt;/code&gt; and their synonyms, though they are not limited to offers of help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And finally, you may have to accept that Russian does not have an idiom which is both precise enough and widely known.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12019" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T14:47:49.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19809" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-05-31T16:40:10.553" Score="4" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;Go shopping with a broken heart in tow, and you'll wind up buying everything in sight on a spending spree. And this is where you might say &quot;&lt;em&gt;C'est plus fort que moi&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;{It's stronger than me}&lt;/em&gt;&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Aller faire du shopping, c’est un peu la frénésie d'achats assurée, pour moi et pour l'instant. Déception amoureuse ou pas, je peux pas m'empêcher d'acheter tout ce que je vois ! &lt;strong&gt;C'est plus fort que moi&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This French expression literally means &quot;It's stronger than me&quot;, and is used when you just can't resist the urge/impulse to do something and give in to them despite reason telling you otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this idea commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-05-31T16:46:49.967" LastActivityDate="2019-06-01T19:30:46.347" Title="Russian equivalent of the French expression &quot;C'est plus fort que moi&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;французский&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19809" CreationDate="2019-05-31T16:46:35.627" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ничего не могу с собой поделать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literally, &amp;quot;I can't do anything about me&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Вообще это было не очень по-японски, потому что плакать взрослым мужчинам на островах Хоккайдо, Хонсю, Сикоку и Кюсю не положено, но дело зашло так далеко, что Ешитери ничего не мог с собой поделать и на глазах у Гоги, Анты и Маргариты всхлипывал, как маленький ребенок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В 1977 году она обратилась за помощью в благотворительное общество «Самаритяне» и поведала, что совершает медленное самоубийство ― выкуривает ежедневно 180 сигарет, но ничего не может с собой поделать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я ведь прекрасно знаю, что мое поведение самоубийственно, но ничего не могу с собой поделать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T16:46:35.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19795" CreationDate="2019-05-31T16:48:08.473" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here we go, this is just in addition to what other people answered:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;what I am looking for is a Russian word or expression that combines three things together: ...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see from other answers/comments there is little hope finding a perfect match you are looking for. A single word is definitely out of question. As to &quot;an expression&quot; - it would have to be made up similarly to what you've done for your English example: &quot;an inconsiderate meddlesome asshole.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A direct translation from English is a problem because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;inconsiderate&lt;/em&gt; gives:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;неосмотрительный&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;опрометчивый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;невнимательный к другим&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;необдуманный&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where only 3. &lt;em&gt;arguably&lt;/em&gt; covers your usage and as you can see it's not a single adjective but a phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;meddlesome&lt;/em&gt; is even more problematic:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;надоедливый, навязчивый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вмешивающийся в чужие дела&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where 1. does not quite fit your case and 2. again is a whole phrase on its own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; I used Google Translate for the above just for the purpose of demonstration, I know that better variants of translation can probably be found given some effort (&lt;strong&gt;anyone, feel free to suggest your variants&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;asshole&lt;/em&gt; is easy - almost any option for &quot;bad guy&quot; will fit, you can make your choice depending on the strength of the emotion you want to express: &lt;em&gt;кретин&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;болван&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;дурак&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;идиот&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;дебил&lt;/em&gt; and so on...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, no easy answers, no idiomatic phrases for such a narrow meaning that you want to express (apart from those already suggested by others).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll offer a phrase that you are most likely to meet in &quot;old-fashioned&quot; books to describe such a person: &lt;code&gt;самоуверенный кретин, который вечно лезет не в свои дела!&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;...лезет, куда его не просят&lt;/code&gt; and numerous variations of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, as I (and others) already mentioned in comments, your three &quot;situations&quot; are very different and the above phrase will definitely not fit for situation 1, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The low register, colloquial phrases will be based on the same principle, just use low register words, swear words etc. I will refrain from examples :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T16:48:08.473" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19809" CreationDate="2019-05-31T17:18:24.833" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мы говорим и кальку:&lt;strong&gt;это сильнее меня&lt;/strong&gt;. И &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это выше моих сил&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T17:18:24.833" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19813" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19814" CreationDate="2019-05-31T17:21:50.220" Score="3" ViewCount="217" Body="&lt;p&gt;Похоже, ты к нему клеишься&#xA;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Please let me know, which of the following translation is better for this?&#xA;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;1- Looks like you stick to him.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;2- Sounds to me like you're going towards him.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;3- Sounds to me like you fell in love with him!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-01T19:13:24.717" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T18:56:22.350" Title="Meaning of &quot;Похоже, ты к нему клеишься&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19814" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19813" CreationDate="2019-05-31T17:42:23.747" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think any of the variants fits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It seems you're making a move on him&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  It seems you're hitting on him / trying to get with him&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T17:42:23.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19723" CreationDate="2019-05-31T17:50:10.070" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My idea (which I, however, can not properly substantiate) is that the word &quot;чурка&quot; originally meant &quot;a stump of wood&quot; and could be used as a generic prerogative term for a person. Later, in XIX century, it had become popular when disparaging Turkish people because of easy rhyming (&quot;турки-чурки&quot;) and when the animosity towards Ottoman Empire was high. There is some &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=13tEAQAAMAAJ&amp;amp;pg=RA1-PA51&amp;amp;lpg=RA1-PA51&amp;amp;dq=%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=Tg1hDKTbMv&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U35RGd2PKwcGnsre3nQvMWVt98nxg&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwizyt_zpcbiAhVCMH0KHUOuDrc4ChDoATADegQIBRAB#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;literary evidence&lt;/a&gt; of that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later on, the word &quot;чурка&quot; had become &quot;reserved&quot; for people of Turkish origin, and extended to all Asians who ended up within Russian Empire (so, Buryats and Chukchi can be called &quot;чурки&quot;, while Chinese and Japanese are not).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's probably safe to say that the word &quot;чурка&quot; was not is use yet in 1200's during the Mongol invasion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-05-31T17:50:10.070" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19809" CreationDate="2019-06-01T14:26:57.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;В некоторых ситуациях эквивалентом этого французского выражения является &quot;охота пуще неволи&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Следует, однако, иметь в виду, что &quot;охота пуще неволи&quot; может употребляться в двух значениях. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как правило, этот оборот означает, что хочется настолько сильно, что не боишься наказания (неволи). Именно в таком значении этот оборот является аналогом &quot;C'est plus fort que moi.&quot;  &quot;Oхота пуще неволи&quot; используется и в смысле &quot;добрая воля эффективнее принуждения&quot; -- но такое употребление встречается куда реже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastEditorUserId="11511" LastEditDate="2019-06-01T19:30:46.347" LastActivityDate="2019-06-01T19:30:46.347" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19817" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19818" CreationDate="2019-06-02T02:02:48.667" Score="6" ViewCount="615" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary gives the following definitions of  &lt;em&gt;дерзкий&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;наглый&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;нахальный&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;дерзкий&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;brazen, impudent, impertinent, insolent, cheeky, pert&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;bold, daring, audacious&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;наглый&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;impudent, impertinent, insolent, barefaced&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;нахальный&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;impudent, insolent, impertinent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;saucy, cheeky&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see &lt;em&gt;imprudent&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;impertinent&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;insolent&lt;/em&gt; in the definitions of each of the three Russian words - &lt;em&gt;дерзкий&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;наглый&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;нахальный&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, looking at various examples of use of these three Russian words in the Internet, I got an intuitive feeling that they have pretty different connotations or flavors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: What is the difference between &lt;em&gt;дерзкий&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;наглый&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;нахальный&lt;/em&gt;, especially when they describe a verbal response? I am especially curious to see examples of three different situations involving a verbal response to which, respectively, the following three expressions are most applicable: (1) &lt;em&gt;это дерзкий ответ&lt;/em&gt;, (2) &lt;em&gt;это наглый ответ&lt;/em&gt;, (3) &lt;em&gt;это нахальный ответ&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answers below made me confused, because my original impression was somewhat different. My original impression was that these three words denote the same thing and that the difference is only in the attitude or relationship of the speaker to the guy about whom the speaker is talking: &lt;em&gt;Если наш - то дерзкий парень, а если их - то наглый нахал.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine a guy who cuts a traffic jam line. Am I wrong in understanding that if it is your friend, you will say, &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Mолодец, дерзко подрезал&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;, and if he is not your friend and cuts the line right in front of you, your will react, &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Нахал, нагло пролез&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My original impression was partially based on this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Будем делать ракеты »: Путин дерзко ответил Трампу. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.korupciya.com/budem-delat-raketyi-putin-derzko-otvetil-trampu/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Путин нагло пересек красную черту - реакция Порошенко на выдачу паспортов РФ в Украине. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://izvestia.kiev.ua/article/116504&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you see, a Russian says about Putin using the word &lt;em&gt;дерзкo&lt;/em&gt;, and a Ukrainian - using the word &lt;em&gt;нагло&lt;/em&gt;. I even found а Youtube &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ma9DYHn1MEg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;video&lt;/a&gt; entitled &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Путин дерзко ответил наглому украинцу&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;quot; This title seems to perfectly tell who the author is with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is my impression wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-04T01:07:29.513" Title="What is the difference between &quot;дерзкий,&quot; &quot;наглый,&quot; and &quot;нахальный&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19817" CreationDate="2019-06-02T03:47:18.190" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those the words indeed have different connotations. Ответ can be дерзкий, наглый but нахальный usually refers to a person, his character and sounds odd when used with ответ, but not strictly wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дерзкий is usually a positive word, closer to courageous, daring, bold, but also cheeky, audacious. Журналист задавал певице дерзкие вопросы, от которых она краснела.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наглый is more negative or neutral. Implies being selfish and possibly inconsiderate of others. Он нагло пролез к кассе без очереди.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нахальный is always negative. A stronger meaning than наглый, implying the person is more of a nuisance to others, offensive, etc., where as наглый might just mean impolite or breaking social conventions. Он нахально оставил машину на тротуаре, загородив вход.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2019-06-02T04:45:02.257" LastActivityDate="2019-06-02T04:45:02.257" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19819" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19820" CreationDate="2019-06-02T08:28:36.450" Score="4" ViewCount="407" Body="&lt;p&gt;During a conversation in French, I was wondering how I'd express the same idea in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Elle peut pas &lt;strong&gt;se morfondre&lt;/strong&gt; et &lt;strong&gt;broyer du noir&lt;/strong&gt; éternellement. {or: &lt;strong&gt;se morfondre dans le noir&lt;/strong&gt;}&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;&lt;em&gt;broyer du noir&lt;/em&gt;&quot; originally referred to the way a painter intentionally ruins his/her own piece of work by smothering it with black paint – as you do when you're feeling downhearted. And now, the expression figuratively refers to those (temporarily) moping around with a negative outlook. As for the alternative &quot;&lt;em&gt;Se morfondre (dans le noir)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, it corresponds to &quot;&lt;em&gt;mope around (in the dark)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не можем же мы все время &lt;strong&gt;ходить с постными лицами&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrasing comes to mind as its Russian equivalent, but I can't seem to find a dictionary entry for it, so I'm wondering if it might not be used that commonly to express this idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-02T16:53:16.223" LastActivityDate="2019-06-02T16:53:16.223" Title="Russian equivalent of the French expression &quot;broyer du noir&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;французский&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19819" CreationDate="2019-06-02T08:54:25.930" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say it's rather &lt;em&gt;с кислыми минами&lt;/em&gt;, though yours is close enough too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;постное лицо&lt;/em&gt; (literally &quot;the fasting face&quot;) is a smug, pious expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a face someone would put on (mostly hypocritically) to show the others that it's not time to have fun, and while the others might be having fun, they (the one with the face) certainly don't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just learned that there is a dated English expression &quot;a Good Friday face&quot; which seems to convey the same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;кислая мина&lt;/em&gt; (literally, &quot;the sour face&quot;) is a passive-agressive expression of discontent. This is a face someone would put on to show they don't like what's going on and they don't want to be a part of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Постное лицо&lt;/em&gt; is to show that you're better than the others, &lt;em&gt;кислая мина&lt;/em&gt; is to show that you don't like what's going on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-06-02T15:05:55.913" LastActivityDate="2019-06-02T15:05:55.913" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19819" CreationDate="2019-06-02T10:43:03.470" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;как в воду опущенные&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In principle &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не можем же мы постоянно быть/ходить как в воду опущенные&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;can be said, however normally this idiom features in nominal sentences&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;как пришибленные&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, this one is very vernacular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a variant - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;с траурными лицами&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-06-02T10:43:03.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19817" CreationDate="2019-06-02T11:21:33.183" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;involving a verbal response&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;дерзкий&lt;/em&gt; has only negative connotations: provoking, aggressive, incendiary (but truly can be positive in a different context)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;наглый&lt;/em&gt; is the same but more expressive, I would also say it sounds more informal&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;нахальный&lt;/em&gt; is, first of all, marked as informal in dictionaries and supposes more arrogance, shamelessness and the lack of considerateness.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum up: these three words mean the same thing, while their expressiveness grows and the formality drops.&#xA;All three can be applied to either actions (responses) or people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8411" LastActivityDate="2019-06-02T11:21:33.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19819" CreationDate="2019-06-02T12:46:14.467" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;broyer du noir &#xA;In a high register it is предаваться мрачным мыслям,  but there's a good Russian verb for it &lt;strong&gt;хандрить&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Короче русская хандра им овладела...(Пушкин)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-06-02T12:46:14.467" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19824" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19829" CreationDate="2019-06-02T17:12:56.263" Score="14" ViewCount="2483" Body="&lt;p&gt;You say, for instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A mere month ago, it seemed they couldn't get enough of each other. My, how things have changed after one big falling-out. Now there is &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;little love lost&lt;/strong&gt; between them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This expression might not translate easily into other languages.&#xA;It is an understatement, a heavily &lt;strong&gt;ironic&lt;/strong&gt; way of saying that, given a mutual dislike, animosity between two people, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;any amount of love would be lost&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;wasted on them&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. Basically, they can’t stand the sight of each other, making no effort to conceal it. It's as if to say, there's only so much supply of love, like time, allotted to each person in their lifetime, so no sense in wasting any of it where it is not needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this idea commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-06-03T03:15:44.977" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T04:38:06.477" Title="Russian equivalents of &quot;no love lost&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8413" CreationDate="2019-06-02T17:18:18.803" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No there are not, the set of word ending by &lt;code&gt;-ф&lt;/code&gt; (or with &lt;code&gt;ф&lt;/code&gt;+vowel) is actually small and constitutes only from foreign words - originally there was no &lt;code&gt;f&lt;/code&gt; sound in Slavic languages at all. As a rule mostly all of them end with &lt;code&gt;-овый&lt;/code&gt;, like in &quot;шельфовый&quot;, &quot;трефовый&quot;, &quot;кайфовый&quot;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;графовый&quot;&lt;/a&gt; (for mathematical concept), &quot;блефовый&quot;, &quot;лафовый&quot; (from &quot;лафа&quot;) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As or &quot;жираф&quot; that already've been mentioned (I've upvoted that answer) there are two adjectives derived, &quot;жирафовый&quot; and, indeed &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;жирафий&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, however from my (understandably very limited) experience of hearing this word is quite often pronounced as &quot;жирафьий&quot; - it's influenced by the the rest of the grammatical cases where &lt;code&gt;-ь&lt;/code&gt; occurs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually the reason for this is that that while the &lt;code&gt;-овый&lt;/code&gt; morpheme is productive in Russian, the &quot;-oй&quot; (without the &quot;oв&quot; part)so I hardly believe that words ending with &lt;code&gt;ф&lt;/code&gt; are something special here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-02T17:30:33.237" LastActivityDate="2019-06-02T17:30:33.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19824" CreationDate="2019-06-02T17:37:14.477" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd express it as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Остыли чувства&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or more ironic&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ушла любовь, завяли помидоры&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2019-06-02T17:37:14.477" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19824" CreationDate="2019-06-02T17:55:21.310" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;An attempt at ironic equivalent&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Теперь они &lt;strong&gt;имеют друг друга в виду&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literally &lt;strong&gt;иметь в виду&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;em&gt;to take into account&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;to (keep in) mind&lt;/em&gt; but the expression has received an opposite meaning &lt;em&gt;to not give a damn about&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-06-02T17:55:21.310" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18449" CreationDate="2019-06-02T18:46:38.567" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In terms of the importance of investing in good look, there is a famous quote from the Russian movie &quot;Главное, чтобы костюмчик сидел!&quot;. That means, no matter what, people will like you, because of the perfectly fitting suit and the fact you look good in it.&#xA;As for the situation when one small flaw can ruin everything - &quot;Паршивая овца всё стадо портит&quot; or &quot;Ложка дегтя в бочке меда&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12044" LastActivityDate="2019-06-02T18:46:38.567" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19824" CreationDate="2019-06-02T19:15:47.810" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Теперь они друг друга на дух не переносят&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;не выносят&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple examples from the corpus:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мужа своего частенько прилюдно поругивала и разве что не колотила, свёкра не переносила на дух, и он платил ей теми же облигациями.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Человек ничего плохого мне не сделал, а я его терпеть не могу. На дух не выношу!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Эсперантистов он с юности на дух не выносил, особенно после того, как его родную Сенную улицу переименовали в улицу Эсперанто.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-03T14:02:06.593" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19830" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-03T19:42:32.173" Score="1" ViewCount="119" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am having problems with the word&#xA;&quot;втрескался&quot;, the context being -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сказ о том как Ванька дурачок  втрескался в распрекрасную заморскую&#xA;  принцессу с грустными очами, и как полез ее спасать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12052" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-03T19:59:30.563" LastActivityDate="2019-06-03T19:59:30.563" Title="Meaning of &quot;втрескался&quot;" Tags="&lt;word&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-06-03T19:57:37.130" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19830" CreationDate="2019-06-03T19:53:37.713" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the most exact translation would be, amusingly, &quot;had a crush on&quot; that princess. That is, sudden romantic feelings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2019-06-03T19:53:37.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19725" CreationDate="2019-06-03T21:22:29.880" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your sentence is correct indeed.&#xA;You probably won't meet this phrasing (this syntax) so often in Russian (as compared to Romance languages - I'm a French native speaker and I guess Spanish and French are quite close on this point), for different reasons:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;because this syntactical way of highlighting the subject (&quot;Хорошая литература - та, которая...&quot; - ¨Хороший учитель - тот, который...&quot;) is not as used in Russian as it is in Romance languages.&#xA;I believe Russian language uses more commonly other ways (including word order) to emphasize the focus in a sentence - though I am in trouble to suggest another phrasing for this case (maybe also because we would need a larger context).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Also, one can repeat the same word in Russian, more easily than in French for example (I don't know Spanish enough to comment on it), and use a participle to characterize it, as in:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Хорошая литература - литература, требующая.....&lt;/strong&gt; (to replace &quot;Хорошая литература - та, которая требует....)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whereas in French we use a lot this kind of pronouns and have to look for solutions in order to avoid repeating the same word, Russian language is not that tyrannic from this point of view (though it tends to avoid repeating too).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11924" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-06-04T13:40:08.253" LastActivityDate="2019-06-04T13:40:08.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19833" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-03T23:57:39.830" Score="1" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если в словах песни припев приводится только после первого куплета, а после остальных стоит лишь слово &quot;Припев&quot;, то какой знак препинания нужно после этого слова ставить: двоеточие или точку?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12055" LastActivityDate="2019-06-06T10:37:00.383" Title="При пропуске припевов, после слова &quot;Припев&quot; какой знак препинания?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19725" CreationDate="2019-06-04T08:36:35.190" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a slightly better choice than &lt;strong&gt;та&lt;/strong&gt; for usage in the Russian version of the sentence. &lt;strong&gt;Та&lt;/strong&gt; tends to point at a &lt;em&gt;particular instance&lt;/em&gt; of 'literature' rather than at a hypothetical one - as if one had a choice limited to several items. I'd prefer to use &lt;strong&gt;такая&lt;/strong&gt; instead:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хорошая литература - (это) &lt;strong&gt;такая&lt;/strong&gt; (литература), которая...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-06-04T08:36:35.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19836" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-04T10:58:01.540" Score="3" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;i am currently working with soviet maps of Saudi Arabia dated to the 1980s, supposedly based on aerial imagery from the late 1970s. These are general topographic maps, no specific theme or even military orientation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As somebody who doesn't speak any Russian i have a hard time with it but i am getting along. A have come across a marking that i cannot translate or understand. Could it be a toponym? In that case i would be interested in the direct transcription. Or is that some kind of descriptor, if so what does it say?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;any help much appreciated!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6gEdD.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6gEdD.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;map&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12059" LastActivityDate="2019-06-04T11:08:11.917" Title="soviet maps toponym or descriptor" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;&lt;english&gt;&lt;toponyms&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2019-06-04T12:46:31.500" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19839" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19840" CreationDate="2019-06-04T16:44:34.493" Score="1" ViewCount="315" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently watched an excellent Russian movie &quot;&lt;em&gt;The Horde&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in Russian with English subtitles and got totally confused by one &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/7q8C34jD-x8?t=576&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scene&lt;/a&gt; in it. The scene is as follows. The Khan tells a European ambassador, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Научись, а то тебя женщина твоя любить не будет.&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; The subtitles say: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Take it. Keep trying. Or your woman will not love you&lt;/em&gt;.&quot; The context is that just before saying this phrase, the Khan demonstrated his superiority over the ambassador in handing a sword. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am completely puzzled as to how &quot;&lt;strong&gt;научись&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; can mean &quot;&lt;em&gt;take it and keep trying&lt;/em&gt;.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My understanding is that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;научись&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; means &quot;&lt;em&gt;get skilled&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (in handling a sword in this context). Let me humbly explain why I think so. The infinitive is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;научиться&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; this is возвратный глагол совершенного вида. The core verb is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;учить&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;to teach&quot;), and the postfix &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ся&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; converts it to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;учиться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;to teach oneself,&quot; that is, &quot;to learn&quot;). &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Учиться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is an imperfective verb, and the prefix &quot;&lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; makes it perfective, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;научиться&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; Since it is a perfective verb, it means that the process of learning is finished, so the meaning of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;научиться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; must be &quot;&lt;em&gt;to get skilled&lt;/em&gt;,&quot; and dictionaries seem to confirm this. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Научись&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is the imperative of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;научиться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and thus must mean, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Get skilled!&lt;/em&gt;&quot; I also checked in the Internet how &quot;&lt;strong&gt;научись&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is used, and my interpretation seems to fit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And my interpretation of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;научись&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; makes perfect sense in the context: &lt;em&gt;Get skilled in handling a sword, otherwise your woman won't love you.&lt;/em&gt; It makes perfect sense because men who cannot protect their women are to be despised. A weak unskilled samurai deserves contempt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am totally puzzled as to what I am missing. Being unable to sort it out on my own, I decided to ask you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: How can &quot;&lt;strong&gt;научись&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; mean &quot;&lt;em&gt;take it and keep trying&lt;/em&gt;,&quot; or did I really spot an inexplicable grieve translation mistake in the movie?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-06-05T10:17:34.973" LastActivityDate="2019-06-05T10:17:34.973" Title="How can &quot;научись&quot; mean &quot;take it and keep trying&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;imperative&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19839" CreationDate="2019-06-04T17:48:22.433" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your understanding of word &quot;научись&quot; is good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've watched the scene. You've missed a slight pause (or rather that there are two stresses instead of one): it's not &quot;научись&quot;, but &quot;на, учись&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;На&quot; is not only a preposition, but also an independent word (not sure what exactly it is). It can be roughly translated as &quot;take it&quot;, or &quot;here&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe you've figred out &quot;Учись&quot; already. But just in case, it's imperative from &quot;учиться&quot;, so literally &quot;go learn [how to do that]&quot;, &quot;keep trying&quot; also works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2019-06-04T17:48:22.433" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19839" CreationDate="2019-06-04T21:13:16.637" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this case, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;На&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, as noted above, is a separate grammatical unit. There was a pause with which you can determine that the phrase sounds like &quot;&lt;strong&gt;На, учись&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;На&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; can also be translated as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;here you go&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. But &quot;&lt;strong&gt;take it&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is quite a viable option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I can also state is that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is definitely a particle. In Russian, they are used mainly to change the connotation or to add an emotional undertone to the word. In English, the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;well&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is a clear example of a particle similar to Russian particles by definition. Again, everything described above applies only to this context. In most other cases, a separate &quot;&lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in the written text will be a preposition. The main thing to remember is that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; surrounded from both sides by punctuation marks will absolutely be a particle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The topic of particles in Russian is very interesting and not all competent native speakers can identify and correctly separate them with commas in the text. So do not be embarrassed and wish you good luck with it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12063" LastEditorUserId="12063" LastEditDate="2019-06-04T21:28:12.347" LastActivityDate="2019-06-04T21:28:12.347" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1945" CreationDate="2019-06-05T06:35:58.793" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You don't have to literally replace &lt;em&gt;words&lt;/em&gt; or word combinations with certain dictionary items. Translation is  an attempt to express the same &lt;em&gt;sense&lt;/em&gt; with the means of the target language. IMO, words like &lt;strong&gt;опыт&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;впечатление&lt;/strong&gt; don't belong here. Here's my suggestion:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дисплей устройства от Эппл - всегда в центре&#xA;  внимания пользователя. Он не только разглядывает на экране изящные&#xA;  текст, графику и видео - при взаимодействии с устройством он ещё и&#xA;  физически контактирует с многофункциональным сенсорным экраном (порой&#xA;  даже не глядя на него).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2019-06-05T08:00:36.010" LastActivityDate="2019-06-05T08:00:36.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19843" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19844" CreationDate="2019-06-05T10:28:43.213" Score="3" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yesterday I asked a &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/19839&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; about the meaning of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;научись&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; and it turned out that in the movie in which I heard this, it was not &quot;&lt;strong&gt;научись&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; but &quot;&lt;strong&gt;на, учись&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; This was a real trap! The Russian phonetics is so tricky!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Kind users of this forum explained to me that the particle &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; in &quot;&lt;strong&gt;на, учись&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is somewhat more stressed than the prefix  &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; in &quot;&lt;strong&gt;научись&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is, and I got curious whether this is a general principle to distinguish between prefixes and separate words and whether I should always stress words that could be taken for a prefix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: What is the difference in pronunciation between: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Зачем пришел?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;Why did you come?&quot;) and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;за чем пришел?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;What thing did you come to take?&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Выхóдите гулять?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;Are you going out to walk now?&quot;) and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Вы ходите гулять?&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;Do you regularly go to walk?&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Он невежливый&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;He is impolite&quot;) and &quot;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;он не вежливый&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;He is not polite&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Давайте порублю&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;Let me cut&quot;) and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;давайте по рублю&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;Give me one rouble each&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-06-05T10:55:02.643" LastActivityDate="2019-06-21T18:29:00.903" Title="What is the phonetical difference between phrases like &quot;зачем пришел&quot; and &quot;за чем пришел&quot;?" Tags="&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19843" CreationDate="2019-06-05T10:34:51.073" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no phonetical difference, those phrases are pronounced exactly the same way. Whether one should write &quot;не&quot; together or separately, for instance, is quite often a source for confusion of Russian pupils exactly because of this.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of &quot;на, учись&quot; - well, the comma exists for a reason, in this case there's indeed a gap between pronouncing &quot;на&quot; and &quot;учись&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-05T10:36:46.903" LastActivityDate="2019-06-05T10:36:46.903" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19845" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19847" CreationDate="2019-06-05T11:35:04.220" Score="5" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yesterday I asked a &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/19839&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; about the meaning of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;научись&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; and it turned out that in the movie in which I heard this, it was not &quot;&lt;strong&gt;научись&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; but &quot;&lt;strong&gt;на, учись&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; where &quot;&lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is a particle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reading about the particle &quot;&lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; I just accidentally discovered that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is the second person singular form, whilst the second person plural form is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;нате&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;; that is, if I got things right, it is correct to say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;нате, учитесь&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;на, учись&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have always been sure that particles do not inflect. After all, they are particles! How can the uninflectable inflect?! I am shocked. This is such a strong blow. I am at a loss and afraid that other particles inflect as well. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: Which other particles inflect, and how do they inflect? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, additional explanations about the logic and reason of particle inflection are very welcome. It is always nice to understand rather than to blindly learn.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-07-08T11:44:18.493" Title="Inflection of particles" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;particles&gt;&lt;inflection&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19843" CreationDate="2019-06-05T11:39:19.590" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Only the &lt;em&gt;second&lt;/em&gt; example can show phonetic difference which reveals itself in interrogative &lt;em&gt;tone rising&lt;/em&gt; on one or another word. In &lt;strong&gt;Выходите гулять?&lt;/strong&gt; (in the context '&lt;em&gt;Is it for a walk&lt;/em&gt; that you are going out for now?') the word &lt;strong&gt;гулять&lt;/strong&gt; is emphasized with tone rising, as opposed to the other question, where the word &lt;strong&gt;ходите&lt;/strong&gt; is emphasized. However, another context is possible for the first question (emphasis on &lt;strong&gt;выходите&lt;/strong&gt;) where it sounds the same as the second one: asking someone to hurry up with their going out for a walk.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-06-05T11:39:19.590" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19845" CreationDate="2019-06-05T12:04:26.467" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not a full inflection, i.e. there are no such words as &lt;strong&gt;*наю, *наешь, *нает&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rather, this is a case of the plural/respectful indicator &lt;strong&gt;-те&lt;/strong&gt; being added to &quot;imperative&quot; particles similar to imperative verbs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;дай - дай&lt;strong&gt;те&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;возьми - возьми&lt;strong&gt;те&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;на - на&lt;strong&gt;те&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;На!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; essentially means 'Here, take this!' which makes it an &quot;imperative particle&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've heard the interjection &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramdict.ru/search/%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;айда&lt;/a&gt; being used with -те: Айдате, я вам что-то покажу!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't be overly surprised to hear &quot;Брысьте!&quot; (from the interjection &quot;Брысь!&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-07-08T11:44:18.493" LastActivityDate="2019-07-08T11:44:18.493" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19848" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19854" CreationDate="2019-06-05T16:09:42.977" Score="3" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my university I was explained various grammatical means of making a request, but find it very difficult to understand their connotations. Your language is so rich and nuanced in this regard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's suppose my boss wants me to quickly slice a fish. Or, alternatively, let's suppose that I get a Russian boyfriend in the future and that he wants me to quickly slice a fish for him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: What is the difference between the following grammatical means of making a request, in terms of connotations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Возьми нож и быстро нарежь рыбу! (Imperative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Взяла нож и быстро нарезала рыбу! (Past tense)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) Берешь нож и быстро режешь рыбу! (Present tense)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Сейчас ты возьмешь нож и быстро нарежешь рыбу! (Future tense)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) Ты бы взяла нож и быстро нарезала рыбу! (Hypothetical mood)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6) Чтоб взяла нож и быстро нарезала рыбу! (Clause with &lt;em&gt;чтоб&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(7) Чтоб быстро рыба была нарезана! (Clause with &lt;em&gt;чтоб&lt;/em&gt; and passive voice)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me, Sentences (1)-(7) are just requests to quickly slice the fish, but I feel there must be considerable variations in the connotation, because the grammatical means are very different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please help me understand the connotations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-06T14:51:04.107" Title="Subtleties of making a request in Russian" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;imperative&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19849" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19863" CreationDate="2019-06-05T17:18:08.810" Score="22" ViewCount="5916" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's suppose I am writing a fictional but realistic story about a male zebra. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the problem. On the one hand, the grammatical gender of the Russian word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;зебра&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is feminine, so it is ungrammatical to write &quot;&lt;strong&gt;зебра поскакал&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;полосатый зебра&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; as the grammatical genders must agree. On the other hand, it is extremely awkward to use feminine grammatical forms like &quot;&lt;strong&gt;поскакалa&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; &quot;&lt;strong&gt;попилa&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; &quot;&lt;strong&gt;полосатая&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; &quot;&lt;strong&gt;быстрая&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; to write about a male zebra when its physiological sex forms an important part of the context. Look how awkward it is: &quot;Зебра стала лидершей табуна и могла выбирать себе партнерш для спаривания.&quot; A noun of masculine grammatical gender is needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am aware that there is possibly no obvious or widely accepted Russian word for a male zebra and that whilst it is common to make feminine nouns from masculine ones (лось → лосиха, кабан → кабаниха, крокодил → крокодилица, медведь → медведица, etc.), it apparently does not work in the opposite direction, for apparently there are no suffixes that convert a female animal to a male one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A variant is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;самец зебры&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; but it would be awkward to use that expression repetitively throughout the story.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another idea is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;зебрик&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; but this word has a diminutive connotation, which I want to avoid. I want to write about a big and powerful male zebra.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would the native speakers resolve this issue?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-06-06T09:10:29.490" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T20:59:57.017" Title="Russian word for a male zebra" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="10" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19849" CreationDate="2019-06-05T18:00:06.193" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In practical terms you once use the locution &lt;strong&gt;самец зебры&lt;/strong&gt; and then drop &lt;strong&gt;зебры&lt;/strong&gt; continuing with &lt;strong&gt;самец&lt;/strong&gt; only, because from that point on it's already clear a male of what animal is being discussed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Google the expression &lt;strong&gt;самец зебры&lt;/strong&gt; is common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it would be interesting to see how zoologists deal with this deficiency in their literature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-06-05T18:00:06.193" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19848" CreationDate="2019-06-05T18:00:34.080" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a boss' request, #1 is definitely the most appropriate option.&#xA;For a boyfriend's request, &quot;hypothetical mood&quot; might be preferable, but your option (#5) is poorly worded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;(1) Возьми нож и быстро нарежь рыбу! (Imperative) - just fine;&#xA;&#xA;(2) Взяла нож и быстро нарезала рыбу! (Past tense) - colloquial and impolite (pushy);&#xA;&#xA;(3) Берешь нож и быстро режешь рыбу! (Present tense) - colloquial, usable when addressing a child, for example;&#xA;&#xA;(4) Сейчас ты возьмешь нож и быстро нарежешь рыбу! (Future tense) - Ok, but less usable than #1. Stresses that we are &quot;shifting gears&quot; from planning to action;&#xA;&#xA;(5) Ты бы взяла нож и быстро нарезала рыбу! (Hypothetical mood) - Ok, but sounds cranky. More positive saying would be like &quot;Вот бы ты взяла нож и нарезала побыстрее рыбу!&quot;;&#xA;&#xA;(6) Чтоб взяла нож и быстро нарезала рыбу! (Clause with чтоб) - colloquial and impolite;&#xA;&#xA;(7) Чтоб быстро рыба была нарезана! (Clause with чтоб and passive voice) - impolite, pushy;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also consider inserting &quot;пожалуйста&quot; in the sentences. For example, &quot;Возьми, пожалуйста, нож и быстро нарежь рыбу!&quot; is a polite version of #1, and you probably find it used in most situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-06-05T18:00:34.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19852" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19849" CreationDate="2019-06-05T18:06:18.403" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;That's the matter of personal choice. But as we speaking of animals, I'd like to mention that in the classical Russian translation of &quot;The Jungle Book&quot; Bagheera simply becomes &quot;she&quot; to match his name and species (пантера) better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But normally, you don't say just &quot;зебра&quot; when speaking of some particular animal anyway. You could say &quot;самец&quot;, or, in a fiction story, an animal character could (should) have a personal name, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Зебрик&quot; is only good for a child zebra.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2019-06-05T18:06:18.403" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19849" CreationDate="2019-06-05T19:05:59.077" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, the developed lexicon for some species comes into existence due to the importance of such species in the everyday life of some specific region. That's why we have &quot;кобель&quot;, &quot;сука&quot;, &quot;щенок&quot;; &quot;котёнок&quot;, &quot;кот&quot; and &quot;кошка&quot;, &quot;бык&quot;, &quot;корова&quot; and &quot;телёнок&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And that's why we don't have a separate word for, say, newly born llamas. The same about zebras - the only real answer is that both in masculine and in feminine in Russian the only word one can use is &quot;зебра&quot;. If for some reason this distinction should be done, the answers already provided covered it - &quot;самец&quot; and &quot;самка&quot; are the words to go for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other option would be to become a billionaire - or just a very influential person, to coin a new term and invest heavily into its adoption - then it can be &quot;зебрик&quot;. Now it's only &quot;зебра&quot; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-06-06T09:25:33.600" LastActivityDate="2019-06-06T09:25:33.600" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19848" CreationDate="2019-06-05T19:15:51.863" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Your language is so rich and nuanced in this regard&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess it's not as much as Japanese. Also, this is quite common in many languages to have fine distinctions between orders, polite requests, etc. Also, as it's usual, the intonation could change really much in this regard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Возьми нож и быстро нарежь рыбу! (Imperative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could think it as &quot;normal&quot;, but it's &quot;the bare norm&quot; which could be sometimes considered aggressive. So it's often advisable &quot;to twist&quot; it a little bit, for example: &quot;Возьми, пожалуйста, нож и порежь быстренько рыбу&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, you should normally use the imperative, but, please, don't forget to say &quot;please&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) Взяла нож и быстро нарезала рыбу! (Past tense)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is rude. Or, at least, too demanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) Берешь нож и быстро режешь рыбу! (Present tense)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(4) Сейчас ты возьмешь нож и быстро нарежешь рыбу! (Future tense)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Very pushing mentor tone. The differences are more about specific intonation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;5) Ты бы взяла нож и быстро нарезала рыбу! (Hypothetical mood)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, hypotheticals are polite but rather formal. (BTW. If your sentence sounds a bit strange that's because you use &quot;hypothetical&quot; alongside with &quot;a bare form&quot;, which sounds like a clause, not as a separate sentence). So it suits better &quot;the boss&quot;, not &quot;the boyfriend&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(6) Чтоб взяла нож и быстро нарезала рыбу! (Clause with чтоб)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is very similar to (2). But while (2) usually stands for &quot;do it now&quot;, (6) typically means &quot;do it ASAP&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(7) Чтоб быстро рыба была нарезана! (Clause with чтоб and passive voice)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, passive is a passive. &quot;Get it done ASAP&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2019-06-05T19:22:38.913" LastActivityDate="2019-06-05T19:22:38.913" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19855" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19857" CreationDate="2019-06-05T19:45:48.127" Score="7" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, animate and inanimate nouns inflect differently. Let's compare &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;кабан&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;стакан&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я вижу кабанов. Я стреляю в кабана.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я вижу стаканы. Я стреляю в стакан.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is all easy-peasy unless it comes to situations where animate nouns are used to figuratively call inanimate objects and vice versa. That is, situations where the grammatical animacy is in conflict with the physical animacy. I am totally confused as to what is the rule for such situations, and am very much overwhelmed by apparently inconsistent examples I found in the Internet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's consider the word &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;козел&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot; Usually this noun means an animal, namely a goat, but can also be used to figuratively call a man, namely a kind of stubborn badass, and is also a figurative name for a gymnastic tool. I see in the Internet that when people talk about this gymnastic tool, they inflect it as an animate noun: &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Перепрыгнуть через козла&lt;/em&gt;,&amp;quot; not &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;перепрыгнуть через козел&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But now let's consider the word &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;зебра&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot; Normally this noun means an animal, namely a zebra, but is also used to figuratively call a pedestrian crossing. And when people talk about pedestrian crossings, they inflect the noun as an inanimate one: &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Они наносят зебры&lt;/em&gt;,&amp;quot; not &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;они наносят зебр&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am totally confused by this. There are two nouns, each primarily meaning an animal, and when these animals are used to figuratively call inanimate objects, one of these animals remains grammatically animate and the other one does not. I am at a loss as to where the logic is and what I am missing. There might be some deep principle I have failed to surmise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Okay, I can simply look in a dictionary and blindly memorize such things, simply ignoring the apparent logical inconsistency, but I am puzzled as to what I should do when the figurative use of the noun is not very common or when I am the first to figuratively use it. For instance, I am puzzled what I should do in the following three cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Case 1:&lt;/strong&gt; The word &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;тараканы&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; usually meaning cockroaches, is sometimes used to speak about psychological issues. For the latter meaning, I do not know how I should write: &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Я вижу всех твоих тараканов&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;я вижу все твои тараканы&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Case 2:&lt;/strong&gt; The word &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;валенок&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; usually meaning a special kind of shoe, is sometimes used to speak about an uneducated villager. I do not know what is correct: &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Не хочу учить валенки&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;не хочу учить валенков&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Case 3:&lt;/strong&gt; Let me now give you an example of situation in which I am the first to use a noun figuratively. I often play gomokunarabe, a Japanese game characterized by a virtually infinite number of opening variants, which can be divided into a number of classes. For openings of one class I myself use the word for a ray, a maritime fish known in Russian as &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;скат&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot; I am puzzled how I should say in Russian, meaning an opening of that class: &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Я изучаю скат&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;я изучаю ската&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;quot; Or this dilemma: &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Я решила поставить на доску скат&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;я решила поставить на доску ската&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: What rules, logic, or general principles are there for inflection of animate nouns when they are used to figuratively call inanimate objects, and vice versa? I would be also grateful for responses to cases (1)-(3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. I just found that Russians say &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://saratov.bezformata.com/listnews/priglashayut-sigrat-v-krokodila-na-dache/61943481&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;сыграть в крокодила&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; (a game), but &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://inosmi.ru/social/20110621/170992199.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;изготовить крокодил&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; (a certain illegal drug). That is, one and the same animal, the crocodile, remains animate when it denotes a game, and becomes inanimate when it denotes a drug! This is really tricky! Any explanation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-06T11:40:06.223" Title="How should I inflect animate nouns when they are used to figuratively call inanimate objects, and vice versa?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;окончания&gt;&lt;animateness&gt;&lt;inflection&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19855" CreationDate="2019-06-05T19:57:12.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually noun in such usage just preserves the category it belongs &quot;originally&quot;, so it's just &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я вижу всех твоих тараканов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(since &quot;таракан&quot; is animate) - the same about &quot;поставить на доску ската&quot; - and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не хочу учить валенки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(since &quot;валенки&quot; is inanimate)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However I can not help but notice that, while grammatically, at least second phrase sounds quite artificial and non-natural for native speaker - regardless of what form of inclination it will be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-06-05T19:57:12.380" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19857" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19855" CreationDate="2019-06-06T02:39:27.193" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a complicated matter, and as a native speaker I'm lucky not to think about it consciously. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Typically, when a person is named after an inanimate object, the word behaves as if it were animate all along, so the option &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не хочу учить валенков / лаптей / чурок&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is the correct one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it's the other way round, things get more complicated. I'd say &lt;em&gt;Перепрыгнуть через козла&lt;/em&gt; but &lt;em&gt;наносят зебры&lt;/em&gt;. While this seems like a contradiction, the difference is, I believe, that &lt;em&gt;козел&lt;/em&gt; as a sports equipment looks somewhat like the original animal, so we still talk of it like of an animal. Meanwhile, &lt;em&gt;зебра&lt;/em&gt; as a pedestrian crossing is quite abstract, so if you'd say &quot;вижу зебр&quot; instead of &lt;em&gt;вижу зебры&lt;/em&gt;, the listener would have a mental picture of a striped herd, not of several crossings, even if they are in the city. If, however, you'd see a statue of the famous event from our Civil War, the Charge of Zebra-Mounted Sailors, &quot;вижу зебр&quot; would be the correct phrase, even though the statues are clearly inanimate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your &lt;em&gt;скат&lt;/em&gt; as a game term is probably abstract enough to deserve an inanimate form, if it means a strategy. But if its meaning is that the cards or tokens make the shape of a ray, then it might behave as animate. To mess things up, we say &lt;em&gt;поставить на доску слона&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;слон&lt;/em&gt; in chess. Why? Probably, even though the chess piece looks nothing like an elephant, we still mentally treat it like a doll or statue, which keeps the animate form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Frankly speaking, I'd recommend you not to try to solve this analytically; once you've read enough Russian literature and had enough practice speaking with the locals, maybe you'll pick up the pattern subconsciously.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD: the follow-up questions are also quite challenging, and I'm afraid I don't have a definite answer. I may have an idea of what I would say in such a situation, but my explanation of the reason may be completely bogus, and I'm not entirely sure that another Russian would speak the same way I do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the constellations, I'd say &lt;em&gt;увидел обе Медведицы&lt;/em&gt;, because they, frankly speaking, have nothing in common with the animal. It's more like a proper name. Imagine two mountains, &lt;em&gt;Малая Кошка&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Большая Кошка&lt;/em&gt;. Once again, it would be &lt;em&gt;Вижу обе Кошки&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding &lt;em&gt;забить козла&lt;/em&gt;: looks like the names of the games inexplicably behave like animate objects even though the concept is rather abstract. &lt;em&gt;Перекинуться в дурака&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;сыграть в крокодила&lt;/em&gt;, etc. Don't ask why, I honestly have no idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding &lt;em&gt;скат&lt;/em&gt;, I even have no intuition what I'd say in this case. Might be either way. If this would be an unfamiliar term, such as I'd mentally put quotes around it, it would more likely remain &lt;em&gt;скат&lt;/em&gt;, but &lt;em&gt;выложил ската&lt;/em&gt; also sounds fine. Same as when speaking about WW2, we might say formally &lt;em&gt;батарея подбила три &quot;Тигра&quot; и две &quot;Пантеры&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, but a boasting artillerist could say &lt;em&gt;мы трёх тигров и двух пантер завалили&lt;/em&gt;, and as a colloquial speech that would be fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make things worse, sometimes living things may be talked about in an inanimate form. &lt;em&gt;Я выловил две щуки&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;я поймал двух щук&lt;/em&gt;? Both fine (by my ear). Maybe 'cause they end up dead? Yet, no-one would say &lt;em&gt;застрелил на охоте козёл&lt;/em&gt;, only &lt;em&gt;козла&lt;/em&gt;. Mystery. Or a really weird case of misogyny.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back to the original conclusion, I'm afraid. We use the form according to our mental image. But why is the image one way or the other? Intuition or bust.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="587" LastEditorUserId="587" LastEditDate="2019-06-06T10:45:41.860" LastActivityDate="2019-06-06T10:45:41.860" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19849" CreationDate="2019-06-06T03:28:51.927" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe just name this male zebra? &lt;strong&gt;Зебра Степан&lt;/strong&gt; sounds great! &lt;strong&gt;Зебра Степан - единственный Степан в Африке&lt;/strong&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12067" LastActivityDate="2019-06-06T03:28:51.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19859" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19849" CreationDate="2019-06-06T06:55:43.413" Score="21" Body="&lt;p&gt;Zebra is a kind of horse, so &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%86&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;жеребец&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (meaning &lt;em&gt;stallion&lt;/em&gt;, a male horse) would be a perfectly valid word to refer to a male zebra. Of course it has to be clear from the context that the male horse you're referring to is also a zebra. For example, &quot;полосатый жеребец&quot;, makes it pretty clear that you're talking about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5618" LastEditorUserId="5618" LastEditDate="2019-06-06T11:04:51.783" LastActivityDate="2019-06-06T11:04:51.783" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19849" CreationDate="2019-06-06T08:13:52.027" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, both the male and female form of zebra is &quot;зебра&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Зебра стала лидершей табуна и могла выбирать себе партнерш для спаривания&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct form would be &#xA;&quot;Зебра стал лидером табуна и мог выбирать себе партнерш для спаривания&quot;. Otherwise you would be talking about a female zebra. In Russian you have to use the correct form of the (gender of the) verb when referencing objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to address the issue, you should name your hero (or somehow other differentiate it from the rest of the zeal) and refer to him by his name and not by a generic term &quot;зебра&quot;, thus dereferencing the hero's gender from the female sounding &quot;зебра&quot;. So it will become something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Степан/Марти/Полосатик/Зебрик родился зеброй&quot;, &quot;Он стал лидером табуна&quot;, &quot;У него были красивые полоски&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should avoid using &quot;конь&quot;, but &quot;самец&quot; or &quot;жеребец&quot; is legitimate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12069" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-06-06T10:54:25.850" LastActivityDate="2019-06-06T10:54:25.850" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19855" CreationDate="2019-06-06T08:24:27.747" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A human language develops over time, and its rules often become counterintuitive. Whether you want it or not, even native speakers have to look into the dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Козёл&quot;, as a gymnastic tool, is a legitimate inanimate noun. Therefore &quot;прыгать через козёл&quot; is totally legit and even should be preferred. However, many people, including myself, have a longstanding habit of speaking &quot;прыгать через козла&quot;. And we have an authoritative backing from philologists: Zaliznyak's dictionary specifically mentions that the gymnastic tool is both inanimate and animate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Зебра&quot;, as a pedestrian crossing, is still considered a colloquial word. Wiktionary.org and probably some other resources insist that it should decline as an inanimate. But for me they are not authoritative enough, and I happily stick to my habit of using the word &quot;зебра&quot; as an animate only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I would be also grateful for responses to cases (1)-(3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Case 1: Я вижу всех твоих тараканов. Don't see any reason for using an inanimate here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Case 2: Не хочу учить валенков. Well, in fact, both can be used: &quot;не хочу учить валенков&quot; -- I don't feel like teaching people as dumb as shoes; &quot;не хочу учить валенки&quot; -- I don't want to teach them, because it's as useless as teaching shoes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Case 3: Я решила &lt;s&gt;поставить на доску&lt;/s&gt; разыграть ската. It is like in chess: I used to playing the Sicilian Dragon -- Раньше я обычно играл дракона [в сицилианке].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2019-06-06T08:24:27.747" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19833" CreationDate="2019-06-06T10:37:00.383" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Двоеточие нужно ставить, если далее приводится сам текст припева.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Припев:&#xA;текст припева.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если текст припева уже был дан выше, можно его не писать снова, а поставить только слово &quot;Припев.&quot; (с точкой), или &quot;Припев 2р.&quot;, если текст припева должен повторяться 2 раза.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12044" LastActivityDate="2019-06-06T10:37:00.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19849" CreationDate="2019-06-06T11:50:15.607" Score="38" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian has a long standing tradition of narrating fables (stories featuring anthropomorphic animals).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this tradition, the grammatical gender of name of the species (not necessarily the proper name of the animal) should be the same as the biological sex of the animal .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some have mentioned Jungle Book's Bagheera (who had been made a female in Russian adaptation), but this has little to do with his name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The translator did not see any problem with Akela or Rama or other characters with declension I names, as long as she could put a masculine species name on them: &lt;em&gt;волк, буйвол&lt;/em&gt; etc. Raksha is a female wolf, &lt;em&gt;волчица&lt;/em&gt;, so she gets to stay a female as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this is a issue with &lt;em&gt;пантера&lt;/em&gt;. The translator was faced with a problem: pick another species (she could have used &lt;em&gt;леопард&lt;/em&gt;), make the readers accept that &lt;em&gt;пантера&lt;/em&gt; is a boy in this story, or change Bagheera's gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know why didn't the translator choose the option 1, but the option 2 (leaving everything as is) was so bad that going through the pain of changing Bagheera's sex through the story and having to cope with arousing difficulties was a better option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Different authors choose different strategies for dealing with that, but in most cases, either the species or the sex gets changed, and only in rare cases the species name gender and the biological gender are left different:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When translating &quot;The Ant and the Grasshopper&quot;, Krylov picked another species instead of grasshopper, a dragonfly (&lt;em&gt;стрекоза&lt;/em&gt;), apparently to give the fable a better rhythm. Of course she was made a female. He left the word &lt;em&gt;попрыгунья&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;a jumper&quot;) though, even though dragonflies don't jump.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In &quot;Winnie-the-Pooh&quot; adaptations, the Owl (&lt;em&gt;Сова&lt;/em&gt;) was made a female character, though a Russian word &lt;em&gt;филин&lt;/em&gt; does exist.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In &quot;Rikki-Tikki-Tavi&quot;, Chuchundra (a rat, &lt;em&gt;крыса&lt;/em&gt;) and Karait were made females. Even though the Russian word &lt;em&gt;крайт&lt;/em&gt; exists and is masculine, it was deemed too unfamiliar to the Russian reader, so Karait was made just a snake, &lt;em&gt;змея&lt;/em&gt;, and hence female.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In &quot;Alice's Adventures in Wonderland&quot;, the Dormouse (&lt;em&gt;Соня&lt;/em&gt;) is female. The Caterpillar in different translations is either female (&lt;em&gt;Гусеница&lt;/em&gt;) or changes the species (&lt;em&gt;Червяк&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;The Worm&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you mentioned, changing the species name from masculine to feminine is almost always an option in Russian, so I can't think of a reverse situation off the top of my head (changing the biological sex from female to male in the story), but would not be surprised if it was ever the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the answer to your question would be that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;You just don't write a traditional story about a male zebra in Russian. That's not how Russian story telling works.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian word for zebra is feminine, so a zebra character should be female. If he should be male, he should not be a zebra.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you still want to write a story about a male zebra in Russian, be aware that the reader would experience some sense of inconsistency that the readers in other languages would not. Phrases like &lt;em&gt;Зебра Иван&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;молодой Зебра подбежал к своей подруге&lt;/em&gt; would sound as a not so good translation, as a joke, or something like that, which will distract the reader from the rest of your story. This even can be used for artistic purposes, but again, this would only work in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If for some reason you just have to make a boy zebra character in a traditional story, you just give this zebra a male name and refer to him by name throughout the story.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-06-06T21:04:32.610" LastActivityDate="2019-06-06T21:04:32.610" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19795" CreationDate="2019-06-06T14:02:46.920" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;My two cents: всезнайка, надоеда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2106" LastActivityDate="2019-06-06T14:02:46.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19865" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19848" CreationDate="2019-06-06T14:51:04.107" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Возьми нож и быстро нарежь рыбу! (Imperative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Firm request or order (ex., from cook to his helper)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) Взяла нож и быстро нарезала рыбу! (Past tense)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;order with threatening (you may think of family violence)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) Берешь нож и быстро режешь рыбу! (Present tense)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;order + explanation (think of cook teaching newbie)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(4) Сейчас ты возьмешь нож и быстро нарежешь рыбу! (Future tense)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;order with threatening (&quot;Сейчас ты возьмешь нож и быстро нарежешь рыбу! Иначе - неделю без сладкого!&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5) Ты бы взяла нож и быстро нарезала рыбу! (Hypothetical mood)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not-so-polite request. (like &quot;Хватить сидеть в телефоне! Ты бы лучше взяла нож и быстро нарезала рыбу!&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(6) Чтоб взяла нож и быстро нарезала рыбу! (Clause with чтоб)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Impolite firm request or informal order (ex., from father to daughter)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(7) Чтоб быстро рыба была нарезана! (Clause with чтоб and passive voice)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Impolite firm request or rude order.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-06-06T14:51:04.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19824" CreationDate="2019-06-07T08:11:44.087" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;они откровенно недолюбливают друг друга&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12079" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T08:11:44.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19824" CreationDate="2019-06-07T10:05:23.343" Score="-2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Прошла любовь-морковь,  завяли помидоры,  ботинки жмут  и нам не по пути!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12082" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T10:05:23.343" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19869" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19870" CreationDate="2019-06-07T11:31:14.973" Score="2" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;is the word 'information' countable or uncountable in the Russian language?&#xA;as a clarifying example, is it grammatically correct to say 'я наслаждался всей информацией'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11797" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-07T11:43:54.440" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T20:30:42.773" Title="&quot;Наслаждался всей информацией&quot; - is it correct?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19869" CreationDate="2019-06-07T11:35:55.833" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not countable, but the nouns &lt;strong&gt;вся&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;половина&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;часть&lt;/strong&gt; don't imply countability and so are totally permissible in combination with &lt;strong&gt;информация&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What you can't say is &lt;strong&gt;две информации&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;много информаций&lt;/strong&gt; and the like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as the expression &lt;strong&gt;я наслаждался всей информацией&lt;/strong&gt; is concerned, it doesn't really sound idiomatic albeit being fully comprehensible. Not because of the presence of &lt;strong&gt;всей&lt;/strong&gt;, but because it's lacking a complement such as &lt;strong&gt;всей&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;этой/найденной/полученной&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;информацией&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;всей информацией,&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;которую/которая/которой ...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; etc. So &lt;strong&gt;информация&lt;/strong&gt; requires some type of specification.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And also because the very notion of relishing information is pretty quaint.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-06-07T11:54:21.807" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T11:54:21.807" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19824" CreationDate="2019-06-07T12:18:11.110" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Talking about people who couldn't get enough of each other and then start to hate each other with time: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;От любви до ненависти один шаг&quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12044" LastEditorUserId="12044" LastEditDate="2019-06-11T04:38:06.477" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T04:38:06.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19872" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-07T14:18:20.550" Score="5" ViewCount="209" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;D’abord on travaille deux fois plus selon un horaire très serré, puis la commission à Tokyo pour laquelle on galère tant est reportée au mois prochain. &lt;strong&gt;Il ne manquait plus que ça&lt;/strong&gt; !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;First, we were struggling to cope with the heavy workload on a seriously tight schedule, and then the very committee meeting we were working so hard for has been put off until next month. &lt;strong&gt;That was the only thing missing (that we needed)!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just said this in conversation in French, and I was wondering how I'd express the same idea in Russian. This French expression comes in handy when you want to say ironically that something even more aggravating just happened to you on top of other problems you were already dealing with, as if they weren't enough of a headache. This is where you can equally say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;C'est le bouquet!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; ironically in the sense of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;This just puts the tin lid on it&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Только этого не хватало!&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; came to mind as its Russian equivalent, but my girlfriend suggested an interesting expression &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Не было печали&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. Given its literal meaning, I wonder how it gets to mean something like &quot;&lt;em&gt;That was the only thing missing (that we needed)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All in all, how is this idea commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-07T15:30:56.580" LastActivityDate="2019-06-12T06:12:46.543" Title="Russian equivalent of the ironic French &quot;Il ne manquait plus que ça!&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;французский&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19872" CreationDate="2019-06-07T16:48:53.943" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd think it would be &lt;em&gt;в довершение всех бед&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems though that you're looking for a complete idiom (&lt;em&gt;поговорка&lt;/em&gt;) which could be used alone, and this one does not work like this, but I think it fits otherwise:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сперва мы еле-еле управляемся с тяжёлой нагрузкой в крайне сжатые сроки, а потом, &lt;em&gt;в довершение всех бед&lt;/em&gt;, то самое заседание, к которому мы пытались успеть, переносят на следующий месяц.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also an expression &lt;em&gt;вишенка на торт&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;icing on the cake&quot;, literally &quot;cherry on the cake&quot;) which can be used both in direct and ironic sense, however the ironic sense is not that idiomatic. You can still come across its usage in ironic sense though:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Окна плохо закрываются, в том числе балконная дверь, от этого в квартире довольно прохладно. Ну и вишенкой на торт, что у выключателей света нет клавиш.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for you original proposals: &lt;em&gt;не было печали&lt;/em&gt; would imply that everything was ok up to this moment, so it clearly doesn't fit here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Только этого не хватало&lt;/em&gt; implies something you have to cope with (in addition to whatever you already have on your plate), but, apparently, that's not the case in your situation: the meeting has been postponed, so naturally you're sad but at least you don't have to work as hard anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If postponing the meeting somehow means more work for you, then &lt;em&gt;только это не хватало&lt;/em&gt; is a good fit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-06-09T11:40:58.583" LastActivityDate="2019-06-09T11:40:58.583" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19872" CreationDate="2019-06-07T16:56:26.620" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 2 phrases with similar meanings: more literary &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;из огня да в полымя&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;and ruder &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81,_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;не понос, так золотуха&lt;/a&gt;. However, they suggest that you escaped (or tried to escape) a bad situation and ended up in worse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12019" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T16:56:26.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19875" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-07T16:56:30.043" Score="1" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am confused when to use это and when to use он.&#xA;For example, in the sentence&#xA;Я люблю еду. Эта дефект. or&#xA;Я люблю еду. Она дефект. or&#xA;Я люблю еду. Это дефект.&#xA;Я люблю еду. Она(эта) вкусная.&#xA;Does это refer to the food of does it refer to the fault?&#xA;I want to say I love food. It is a fault or it is delicious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-07T17:06:15.883" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T17:06:15.883" Title="Difference between &quot;это&quot; and &quot;оно&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="9" ClosedDate="2019-06-07T17:03:12.037" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19876" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19878" CreationDate="2019-06-07T17:02:19.853" Score="16" ViewCount="1637" Body="&lt;p&gt;I frequently play gomokunarabe, a Japanese strategy game, on an international server and sometimes face Russians as opponents, as a variant of this game is apparently popular in Russia and known as &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;пять в ряд&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recently I saw a Russian player using the expression &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;отведать тунца&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;to taste tuna&amp;quot;) in a chat with his compatriot on that server. The expression was apparently used figuratively or idiomatically as the guys were discussing a past gomokunarabe game and were not talking about any cuisine preferences. Unfortunately, I cannot recall the exact wording, but the idea was that if a certain move or a course of action had been chosen in the game, the opponent would have &amp;quot;tasted tuna.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being a seafood lover and having enjoyed tuna sashimi so many times, I got very much curious about the meaning of that Russian phrase and, in particular, whether it is a game-specific term or a broad idiomatic phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Searching in Google, I could not find a direct answer about the meaning, but found numerous examples of figurative or idiomatic use of that expression, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Итог: в сервисе ОД &amp;quot;накручено&amp;quot;: диагностика двигателя (1000 Р), замена свечей с их стоимостью (2000 Р), промывка инжектора (1000 Р), подтягивание ручника (450 Р). Если такое и повторится, то ОД в следующий раз &lt;strong&gt;отведает тунца&lt;/strong&gt;... (&lt;a href=&quot;https://avtomarket.ru/spend/Kia/Rio/38040/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Первые аргументы были, что МКПП побьет АКПП. Мой вариант ответа - &lt;strong&gt;отведает тунца&lt;/strong&gt;, особенно если с АКПП еще и подрулевые переключатели-лепестки (что уже совсем даже не редкость). (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.yaplakal.com/forum2/st/100/topic384851.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) Как же у меня бомбит от этого ****** меха. Единственная радость, что BJ-A дает ему &lt;strong&gt;отведать тунца&lt;/strong&gt; практически без шансов на &amp;quot; программный уворот&amp;quot;. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://mwomercs.com/forums/topic/165507-%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F-%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F/page__st__4020__p__5039036&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) - Вот делаешь для людей, все что бы им было хорошо, комфортно ...  А этого не ценят ... А так скажем &amp;quot;Мать Терезой&amp;quot; надоедает быть. Что вы делаете в таких ситуациях?! ... - Спустя время предлагаю таким людям &lt;strong&gt;отведать тунца&lt;/strong&gt;. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.drive2.ru/c/556550/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) Что мы знаем о Пенни? На турнире, где он был - &lt;strong&gt;отведал тунца&lt;/strong&gt;. В сетах проигрывает спаси господи АрнКратосу ... (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fighting.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=11456&amp;amp;start=300&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am so much confused by such examples, as I cannot surmise the meaning. The only more or less obvious thing is that since the examples are not related to gomokunarabe and seem to be pretty diverse, the expression must be a general idiom. Being highly curious and unable to find the answer on my own, I decided to ask here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: What is the meaning of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;отведать тунца&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; and how is it logically related to literally tasting tuna? I am also very curious to learn about the origin of this idiom, especially in view of the fact that tuna does not live in historical Russian waters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-01-13T23:41:23.810" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T23:41:23.810" Title="&quot;Отведать тунца&quot; - what does this idiom mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19877" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19876" CreationDate="2019-06-07T17:07:51.880" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a rhyming euphemism for &lt;code&gt;соснул хуйца&lt;/code&gt; (sucked a dick), in other words - failed miserably and in a very humiliating fashion. That said I honestly never heard it. It's just that it's immediately obvious from the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-07T17:35:18.933" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T17:35:18.933" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19876" CreationDate="2019-06-07T17:08:46.310" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;It’s a rhyming euphemism for &lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.to/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;сосни хуйца&lt;/a&gt;. The article by the link provided lists lots of similar euphemisms. All of them are born in Russian Internet culture, I would not expect an infrequent Internet user to understand it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your particular phrase originates from «лососни тунца», which is a more obvious euphemism and a nonsense phrase, as there’s no verb «лососнуть» in Russian. The noun &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;лосось&lt;/a&gt; means salmon, so the phrase is a funny wordplay (“salmoning a tuna”).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase itself is a softening of &lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.to/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B9,_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;соси хуй&lt;/a&gt;, which means that the person will not receive what they want, or will generally fail. Originally it probably meant a rude denial to a request, telling the requestor to perform a humiliating action (blowjob) to get what they want. It is unlikely they’d agree to that, so they would walk away empty-handed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the word &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;хуй&lt;/a&gt; and other &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat_(Russian_profanity)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian mat&lt;/a&gt; words are considered offensive, many Internet discussion boards may automatically censor them, which may be the original cause of such euphemisms. They also are obviously humorous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12019" LastEditorUserId="12019" LastEditDate="2019-06-07T18:36:33.883" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T18:36:33.883" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19879" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-07T17:50:00.273" Score="4" ViewCount="113" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the best way to make an opening to a Russian language motivation letter to be used in applying for a university scholarship?&#xA;is &quot;уважаемые господа и дамы&quot; good enough when addressing several unknown people or a whole department formally?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11797" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-07T22:18:33.687" LastActivityDate="2019-06-08T20:38:42.347" Title="What to start a scholarship application letter with" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19879" CreationDate="2019-06-07T20:09:45.063" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Уважаемые дамы и господа is a more natural order (ladies first). Уважаемые коллеги (Dear colleagues) is also a very acceptable, and probably even preferable option - provided your age and academic credentials (even if relatively modest) justify this. If you have a degree, you can address them as colleagues. For an undergraduate, however, it would mean shooting way above his/her station.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12079" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T20:09:45.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19882" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-07T20:20:02.593" Score="1" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;Curious about the historical context of the song of the Russian bard, Michael Scherbakov:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://teksty-pesenok.ru/rus-mihail-shherbakov/tekst-pesni-proshhalnaya-2/1855699/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Михаил Щербаков - Прощальная 2&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вчера и сегодня, и завтра, и после, почти незаметно, Всегда неизменно,&#xA;  почти не начавшись, кончаются сроки. Суда уплывают, почти не&#xA;  дождавшись попутного ветра. В далёкие дали они уплывают, почти не&#xA;  разведав счастливой дороги. Они исчезают, становятся сказкой,&#xA;  становятся былью, Но долгое время мне видятся в дымке их белые крылья.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Feels like the song is about the end of an era, but I am not sure what period it describes and who is parting from whom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps it's about the dissolution of the Soviet Union, that is, how the union of the varios Republics disintegrated, and each became a sovereign state, which resulted in borders rising between people and religions dividing them:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;нынче меж нами - обряды, обеты, законы, запреты.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it seems that the people in the song are actually in a process of physically moving away from their friends / loved ones, so perhaps it's about emigration and the the lifting of the iron curtain:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Плывите, плывите, и пусть ничего не осталось в залоге. Мы были&#xA;  друзьями, мы стали чужими... Счастливой дороги!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whatever the reason, it seems there are no hard feelings between those leaving and those staying behind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apologies if lyrics interpretation inquiries are not suitable for this stack.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12087" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T20:20:02.593" Title="what is what is the historical context of the song of the Russian bard, Michael Scherbakov?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2019-06-07T21:48:40.707" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19883" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19879" CreationDate="2019-06-07T22:26:36.837" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Уважаемые дамы и господа&quot; (esp. don't do &quot;Господа&quot; as it's not gender-inclusive and you don't know if you may offend someone who reads it or not) sounds way too pompous and unmodern in Russian! Almost associates with &quot;Товарищи&quot;, which is funny but not really a good thing. We don't have such a naturally and widely accepted opening as is &quot;Dir Sir, Madam&quot; in English. This phrase can only be used if you are hosting an official event (like a gala) or writing an extremely official letter. With motivational letter you want to be official, polite, but kind of connect, since you are showing a less formal side of your personality and achievements (which slipped in your resume). In case you know directly the name of a person to whom you are writing (which is always a plus to know for motivational letters, but not always possible) you could say, e.g.: &lt;code&gt;Уважаемый профессор Иванов,&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyhow, in my opinion, if I would write a letter in Russian (which is not really common though - you can hardly find any googable examples:) ), then I would start addressing by using the dative case, as if answering the sentence &quot;to whom it may concern&quot;: &quot;Кафедре информационных технологий&quot;, &quot;Комиссии по рассмотрению стипендий&quot; (I am just coming up with random names, you have to specify directly what's the name of the institution to which you are applying). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11408" LastEditorUserId="11408" LastEditDate="2019-06-07T22:46:39.430" LastActivityDate="2019-06-07T22:46:39.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19849" CreationDate="2019-06-08T03:30:04.010" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While it may not be officially a word, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Зебрец&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, which has an ending that is consistent with both &quot;самец&quot; and &quot;жеребец&quot;, would probably be contextually understood.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may sound weird, but it may also pass off as a neologism.  Generally speaking, you may get away with some neologisms when writing fables, especially if they are constructed in a consistent manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For what it's worth, Google translate does translate &quot;Зебрец&quot; as &quot;Zebra&quot;, when set to translate from Russian to English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, Google translate also has a recorded pronunciation for it.  Google returns 86 results for &quot;Зебрец&quot; search.  Although it looks like many of them are in Bulgarian.  There is also someone who calls himself &quot;Зебрец Полосатый&quot; on ok.ru.  So this word is not an original construction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12089" LastEditorUserId="12089" LastEditDate="2019-11-16T04:53:33.703" LastActivityDate="2019-11-16T04:53:33.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19879" CreationDate="2019-06-08T03:39:22.360" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would start this letter addressing those people who will make a decision about the scholarship. For example, to the members of the selection committee &quot;Уважаемые члены приемной комиссии&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12044" LastActivityDate="2019-06-08T03:39:22.360" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19886" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19887" CreationDate="2019-06-08T13:45:09.207" Score="8" ViewCount="2156" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;За двумя зайцами погонишься, ни одного не поймаешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have the same proverb, 二兎を追う者は一兎も得ず, which is considered borrowed from somewhere, so I am curious whether we borrowed it from the Russians or whether we and the Russians borrowed it from some other nation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also seems odd to suggest that someone could literally chase hares, because hares run much faster than humans do. I cannot imagine a hunter chasing a hare and am curious how this proverb could come into existence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Searching in Google Books, I found that the earliest instance of using this proverb in Russian books indexed by Google is apparently this one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И такъ съ Филиппомъ воспослѣдовало тогда по пословицѣ: &quot;Кто погонится вдругъ за двумя зайцами, тотъ ни одного не поймаeтъ&quot; (From a book of 1767 entitled &quot;Самуила Пуфендорфа введенiе въ исторiю знатнѣйшихъ европейскихъ государствъ&quot;; the book is a Russian translation from German.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second earliest instance found by me is this one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сей простосердечный старикъ, разсуждая такимъ образомъ, погнался въ одно время, какъ говорятъ, за двумя зайцами ...  (From a Russian book of 1785 entitled &quot;Родственникъ Магомета, или цѣлительное дурачество&quot;; the book is a Russian translation from French.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As these books are translations from German and French, it appears that the trace leads to Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Following the trace, I found an old French-German dictionary of 1807 that gives this proverb in French and German: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Il ne faut pas chasser, courir deux lièvres à la sois; qui court deux lièvres n'en prend point; man muß nicht zwei Hasen auf einmal jagen; wer zwei Hasen auf einmal jagt, bekommt gar keinen&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then I decided to check the English literature and found the following sentence in an English book of 1614:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It appeares that he was very much distracted; hunting (as we say) two Hares at once with one Hound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another English book of exactly the same year (1614) contains this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The Hound that followes two Hares, will catch neither.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It now starts making sense: the hound, not the hunter, chases the hares! Apparently, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;погонишься за двумя зайцами&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&#xA; is a figurative comparison to a hound chasing two hares!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am curious as to where the trace ultimately leads to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: What is the ultimate origin (or, in other words, the deepest root) of the Russian proverb about two hares, or what evidence is there about this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-10T13:27:26.387" LastActivityDate="2019-08-29T12:57:48.127" Title="The origin of &quot;за двумя зайцами погонишься&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19887" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19886" CreationDate="2019-06-08T16:27:52.430" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;Came into European languages from Greek via Erasmus' Latin translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ὁ δύο πτῶκας διώκων οὐδέτερον καταλαμβάνει&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Duos insequens lepores, neutrum capit&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(English: By chasing two rabbits, he catches neither; from Adagia 3.3.36).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adagia&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;from Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adagia (singular adagium) is the title of an annotated &lt;strong&gt;collection of Greek and Latin proverbs,&lt;/strong&gt; compiled during the Renaissance by Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus. Erasmus' collection of proverbs is &amp;quot;one of the most monumental ... ever assembled&amp;quot; (Speroni, 1964, p. 1).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first edition, titled Collectanea Adagiorum, was published in Paris in 1500, in a slim quarto of around eight hundred entries. By 1508, after his stay in Italy, Erasmus had expanded the collection (now called Adagiorum chiliades or &amp;quot;Thousands of proverbs&amp;quot;) to over 3,000 items, many accompanied by richly annotated commentaries, some of which were brief essays on political and moral topics. The work continued to expand right up to the author's death in 1536 (to a final total of 4,151 entries), confirming the fruit of Erasmus' vast reading in ancient literature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Commonplace examples from Adagia&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Many of the adages have become commonplace in many European languages&lt;/strong&gt;, and we owe our use of them to Erasmus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditorDisplayName="user6303" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-09T13:13:10.783" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19888" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19886" CreationDate="2019-06-08T16:30:49.013" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://english.a222.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/oxford-dic.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs&lt;/a&gt;, 2014, page 413, has that proverb as &lt;em&gt;If you run after two hares you will catch neither&lt;/em&gt; and gives reference to Erasmus' Adages III. ccxxxvii, where the proverb is in Latin, &lt;em&gt;duos insequens lepores, neutrum capit&lt;/em&gt;. The proverb is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Publilius_Syrus#Misattributed&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;often wrongly attributed&lt;/a&gt; to Publilius Syrus, (fl. 85 – 43 BC), like on &lt;a href=&quot;http://proverbialplanet.blogspot.com/2012/09/grasp-all-lose-all.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt;, although the page is otherwise good since it gives the translations of the proverb into many languages, and many of those translations don't mention hares at all.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-06-08T16:30:49.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19889" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19890" CreationDate="2019-06-09T03:42:51.943" Score="2" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been studying the different effects that happen to vowels when a preceding consonant becomes palatalized and i am having trouble figuring out the exact sound of и when there is a palatalized consonant preceeding it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples: клавиатура and биржа , for both of these words they have the same IPA in the area of the и, yet sound completely different. Биржа = hard ee and клавиатура , soft e that sounds like клавеатура &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IPA of each :&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/клавиатура&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/биржа&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IPA System: &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="11021" LastEditDate="2019-06-09T03:51:00.513" LastActivityDate="2019-06-09T12:45:06.710" Title="Effect of palatalization on a consonant before и" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19889" CreationDate="2019-06-09T07:07:01.617" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Strictly formally&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;биржа&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;[и]&lt;/strong&gt; sounds like it does in &lt;strong&gt;beer&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;клавиатура&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;[и]&lt;/strong&gt; sounds like it does in &lt;strong&gt;video&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference you perceive might stem from the vowel's being unstressed. In two these words one is stressed while another isn't. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically in isolation they sound identically. But without stress vowels tend to get reduced so their pronunciation is less distinct. The only formal rule for reduction of &lt;strong&gt;[и]&lt;/strong&gt; in unstressed position deals with its reduction into &lt;strong&gt;[ы]&lt;/strong&gt; which doesn't apply here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will agree that in &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;клавиатура&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;[и]&lt;/strong&gt; gravitates towards &lt;strong&gt;[иэ]&lt;/strong&gt; and in fact this is a syllable susceptible to mistake in writing of elementary and middle school children. Google lists &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=&amp;quot;%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;quot;&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;18,700 occurrances&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;клавЕатура&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It lists &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Бержа&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; as well but almost exlusively capitalized and not in the sense of &lt;strong&gt;stock exchange&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-06-09T07:13:40.157" LastActivityDate="2019-06-09T07:13:40.157" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19889" CreationDate="2019-06-09T10:18:08.157" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The vowel sounds in Russian words get reduced depending on their position in relation to the stressed vowel. Here, 3 different positions are distinguished:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the stressed vowel;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the vowel in the syllable directly preceding the stressed syllable;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;all the rest of the vowels in the word.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vowels in position 1 are always pronounced as they are, and also they are loud, distinct, and long.&#xA;In positions 2 and 3 the result of the reduction is like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the letters &amp;lt;а&gt; and &amp;lt;о&gt; become [ɐ] in position 2 and [ə] in position 3: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD#Pronunciation_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;барабан&lt;/a&gt; [bərɐˈban], &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE#Pronunciation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;молоко&lt;/a&gt; [məlɐˈko];&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;as for the letters &amp;lt;у&gt;, &amp;lt;е&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;&amp;lt;и&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, each of them  has the same sound in positions 2 and 3: for &amp;lt;у&gt; it's [ʊ] – &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;кусать&lt;/a&gt; [kʊˈsatʲ] (position 2), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9#Pronunciation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;муравей&lt;/a&gt; [mʊrɐˈvʲej] (position 3).&#xA;For &amp;lt;е&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&amp;lt;и&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; the reduced sound is always &lt;strong&gt;[ɪ]&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F#Pronunciation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;веселиться&lt;/a&gt; [vʲɪsʲɪˈlʲit͡sːə], &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD#Pronunciation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;м&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;лл&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;он&lt;/a&gt; [mʲ&lt;strong&gt;ɪ&lt;/strong&gt;lʲ&lt;strong&gt;ɪ&lt;/strong&gt;ˈon].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, your words &lt;code&gt;биржа&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;клавиатура&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;You wrote:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Examples: клавиатура and биржа , for both of these words they &lt;em&gt;have the same IPA&lt;/em&gt; in the area of the и, yet sound completely different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You probably simply didn't notice the difference in the IPA symbols for &amp;lt;и&gt; in these two words, but the difference is there, and the difference is important, although graphically it's just a mere dot over &lt;strong&gt;i&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;code&gt;биржа&lt;/code&gt;, &amp;lt;и&gt; is stressed, so it's pronounced like [&lt;strong&gt;i&lt;/strong&gt;] and sounds very much like the English &amp;lt;ее&gt; in &lt;em&gt;meet&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;feel&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;code&gt;биржа&lt;/code&gt; [ˈbʲ&lt;strong&gt;i&lt;/strong&gt;rʐə].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;code&gt;клавиатура&lt;/code&gt;, &amp;lt;и&gt; is in the second syllable before the stressed &amp;lt;у&gt;, so it is in position 3 and that's why it is pronounced as [&lt;strong&gt;ɪ&lt;/strong&gt;] (note, there's no dot over it), that's the sound found in the English words &lt;em&gt;sit&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;pin&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;big&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;code&gt;клавиатура&lt;/code&gt; [kləvʲ&lt;strong&gt;ɪ&lt;/strong&gt;ɐˈturə].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IPA is a set of technical symbols, that's why all their graphic elements (like the presence/absence of the dot over &lt;strong&gt;i&lt;/strong&gt;) are functional and cannot be neglected, or else inevitable confusion will arise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2019-06-09T12:45:06.710" LastActivityDate="2019-06-09T12:45:06.710" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19892" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19896" CreationDate="2019-06-09T18:57:22.980" Score="3" ViewCount="292" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let us consider the following two phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Он сражался, как самурай. (He fought like a samurai.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Он сражался, не как самурай. (He fought unlike a samurai.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am confused as to whether I should put the comma in these sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the one hand, what I remember from my classes is that I should, although I am unsure whether my understanding is right; I also just found the relevant grammar rule in the Internet, and the rule together with the accompanying examples appears to say that the comma is needed:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Запятая перед словом «как» ставится в случае, .... eсли речь идет о сравнении.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) Ее кожа была бела, как алебастр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Она была прекрасна, как роза.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) Он был богат, как Крез.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://obrazovaka.ru/zapyataya/kak.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The numbers 3-5 are added by me as I will refer to these examples later in this post.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, I see in Google that the comma in such sentences is usually or at least very often omitted even in newspapers such as &lt;em&gt;Московский Комсомолец&lt;/em&gt;. Below are five random examples from that newspaper:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6) И сказать себе: “Господи, а я бы на его месте поступил как последняя сволочь”. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mk.ru/editions/daily/article/2004/12/09/202100-yana-churikova-ya-uspela-vyiiti-zamuzh-razvestis-i-snova-vyiiti-zamuzh.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(7) Более того - он поступил как настоящий мужчина и не отказался от своего слова, хотя на него оказывалось колоссальное давление. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mk.ru/social/2019/02/14/mamaev-sygraet-v-butyrke-eshhe-neskolko-matchey.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(8) Он поступил как настоящий герой. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mk.ru/mosobl/article/2013/09/01/908153-malenkiy-geroy-s-bolshim-serdtsem.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(9) Ну не по-мужски это просто, он поступил как бабушка на скамеечке. Если бы я была мужиком, то дала бы ему в морду! (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mk.ru/politics/2011/12/23/656102-tina-zasosala.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(10) Я его уважаю как футболиста, по-человечески тоже нормально относился. Но он поступил как предатель. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://spb.mk.ru/articles/2015/04/09/ne-znayu-kak-teper-bolet-za-zenit.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I also found analogous sentences but with a comma in the very same newspaper! Below are three random examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(11) Грипп поступил, как свинья. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mk.ru/social/health/article/2009/10/30/377347-gripp-postupil-kak-svinya.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(12) Я поступил, как современный непрофессиональный журналист: не проверил полученные сведения. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mk.ru/blogs/posts/normannofilam-kerdyik.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(13) Да, я поступил, как любой нормальный человек, осознавший угрозу для жизни своих близких. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mk.ru/editions/daily/article/2005/12/01/188689-zachistka-kak-sredstvo-bezopasnosti.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My impression is that the comma is more often omitted than not, and I also see in Google that the following phrase is almost always written without a comma:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(14) Он поступил как мудак. (He acted like an a##hole.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, I put a comma in phrases like &amp;quot;he acted like an a##hole&amp;quot; if what I want to say is that he acted and that, as an additional remark, the mere fact that he acted makes him comparable to an a##hole. If I want to say that what makes him an a##hole is HOW he acted, not just that he acted, then I do not put a comma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this logic does not explain all Russian examples provided above, although I noticed that Sentences (3)-(5) can be terminated before the comma, which might explain its presence. But Sentences (11)-(13) cannot be terminated before the comma, yet the comma is there. I am so much confused.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, Russian is not English, so the English rules are a wrong lighthouse in the sea mist of subtleties of the Russian language. Only native Russian speakers can help me navigate in that mist. I am humbly asking for your help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: What is the principle for making punctuation choices in sentences like Examples (1)-(14)? I would also be very grateful for direct yes or no answers of yours whether you would put a comma in Examples (1)-(14).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the usage of the comma in such sentences in &lt;em&gt;Московский Комсомолец&lt;/em&gt; seems highly inconsistent to me, I would also be thankful for an explanation why one and the same newspaper makes different punctuation choices in apparently analogous sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE 1. @Quassnoi suggested that &lt;em&gt;Московский Комсомолец&lt;/em&gt; is yellow press, but I just checked and found that even one of the most serious Russian newspapers, &lt;em&gt;Коммерсант&lt;/em&gt;, makes inconsistent punctuation choices in &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;поступил как&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot; Have a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%20%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%22%20site%3Akommersant.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;look&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE 2. @БаянКупи-ка provided a &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/class/coach/punct/45_183&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt; to the relevant grammar rule on gramota.ru, but the rule seems highly confusing and illogical. For instance, it gives the following two apparently contradicting examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ее голос звенел, как самый маленький колокольчик.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tропинка извивалась как змея.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The provided explanation why the comma is needed in the first sentence and not needed in the second one seems very vague and illogical  and is beyond my understanding, and I am unsure whether that grammar source is the ultimate truth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T13:00:42.357" Title="&quot;Он сражался как самурай&quot; - should I put a comma?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;&lt;comparative&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19895" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19892" CreationDate="2019-06-10T01:10:15.243" Score="2" Body="&lt;h2&gt;#1&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Он сражался, как самурай. (He fought like a samurai.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  (2) Он сражался, не как самурай. (He fought unlike a samurai.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian language comma for [как] is a tool to separate two different meanings and you as authour of your sentence must make a decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Put comma, when you mean [like something/somebody]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2) Do not put comma, whem you mean [as someting/somebody]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;He fought, like samurai.&lt;/strong&gt; -&gt; must be comma separated&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;He fought as samurai.&lt;/strong&gt; -&gt; must not be comma separated&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[He fought, like samurai] means he is not samurai, but the way he moves look the same as these movements we see at other samurais.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[He fought as samurai] means he was assigned new status - from now he is samurai. And even if his skills is not like samurai (or not enough for true samurai), he is anyway samurai. He was assigned a status of samurai by other samurais.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's make funny example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I teach you, like a teacher.&lt;/strong&gt; - that is true.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;I teach you as a teacher.&lt;/strong&gt; - that is a lie.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not your teacher, and therefore, I can not teach you as a teacher.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But I can teach you like a teacher, cause I know how teachers usually teach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in Russian it is like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я учу вас, как учитель.&lt;/strong&gt; - comma must be, The statement is true to reality.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Я учу вас как учитель.&lt;/strong&gt; - comma must not be. The statement is false to reality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;#2&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ее голос звенел, как самый маленький колокольчик.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Her voice sounded, like the smalest bell.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Comma must be, because it is [like]-case, not [as]-case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Tропинка извивалась как змея.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The road was curving as if a snake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[as if]-case is more close to [as]-case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you meet cases like this, follow 2 steps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Step 1.&lt;/strong&gt; Treat it as [like]-case and mentaly put comma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Tропинка извивалась, как змея.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The road was curving like a snake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Step 2.&lt;/strong&gt; Can I really turn it to [as if]-case by finding the instrumental form for the noun after like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In our example, can you find the instrumental case for word snake?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Yes, you can.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Tропинка извивалась [змеёй, по-змеиному, как змея].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  The road was curving [by snake, snaky, as if a snake].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you've found the instrumental form, than comma can be skipped.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But still it is [like]-case, cause we compare road curving to snake's curving.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Snake is metaphor.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is [like]-case without comma.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is not [as]-case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's try this tool for samurai.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он сражался [самураем, по-самурайски, как самурай].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  He fought [by samurai, samuraily, as if a samurai].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you as author of the sentence realy mean [Он сражался самураем], then you have a right to skip comma for [like]-case [Он сражался как самурай].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In total.&lt;/strong&gt; &#xA;Comma before [как] depends on the meaning you want to express as author.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Answer to question why [по-учительски] does not give right to skip comma.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you are in situation to put or not to put, just build both variants in your head and then just check what variant fits to what you mean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, you are right, that we can find [по-учительски], but this word in Russian language mean [as a teacher] not [like teacher]. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[по-учительски] has the same tone as [по-отцовски] = [as father] and [по-приятельски] = [as friend].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But for [по-змеиному] = [like a snake] not [as a snake]. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When we say [road like snake] we can allow ourselves to skip comma, because there is no meaning for [road as snake].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Or simply speaking, because option without comma is free from meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can not skip comma in [teach like teacher] because [teach as teacher] is not free and it has its meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just let us act according the to the rule.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;We've found [по-учительски] and think that it gives us a right to skip comma.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Ok, we skip it.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;What do we get?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Я учу вас как учитель.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But what this sentence mean in Russian?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It mas meaning [I teach you as a teacher].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Wow, but I wanted to say, that [like a teacher] not [as a teacher].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;What should I do to say [like a teacher]?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Yes, I just have to put comma.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Я учу вас, как учитель.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Now it is [I teach you like a teacher.]  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Deside what is your meaning [like ...] or [as ...].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2) If your meaning is [as ...] skip comma, do not put it.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;3) If your meaning is [like...] mentaly put comma, but&lt;br&gt;&#xA;4) Check if there is meaning for this sentence without comma.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;5) If there is meaning and this meaning is [as...] (form is occupied with meaning) then you do not have oppotunity to skip comma for [like...] even if you want.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;6) If there is no meaning for sentence without comma and you can find meaninful word [по-...ки][по-...му] (по-учительски, по-змеиному, по-самурайски, по-Митсукосански) than you can skip comma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bonus track&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я задаю вопросы, как Митсуко-сан.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [I ask questions like Mitsuko-san]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  I ask questions in style of Mitsuko-san because I like her style. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я задаю вопросы как Митсуко-сан.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  [I ask questions as Mitsuko-san]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  1) I ask questions from Mitsuko-san account, beacuse I hacked it and found her login and password and I ask questions, but everybody think that it is Mitsuko-san.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  2) There is the second meaning for this option: Mitsuko-san gave me attorney to speak from her voice, that is to be her official representative, and therefore [I ask question as Mitsuko-san] = [Я задаю вопросы как Митсуко-сан] = [I ask question as if I am really Mitsuko-san].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can build word [по-Митсукосански = по-змеиному, Митсукосанкой = земеёй].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this does not give me right to skip comma for [like]-case, because form whtout comma is already occupied with meaning and it means to represent Mitsuko-san, which is [as]-case, not [like]-case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="12097" LastEditDate="2019-06-10T11:23:04.163" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T11:23:04.163" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19892" CreationDate="2019-06-10T06:22:08.207" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use this source for reference (§ 42.4): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://orfogrammka.ru/OGL05/71827524.html#id-%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%97%D0%94%D0%95%D0%9B11%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%C2%A7424&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Знаки препинания при оборотах, не являющихся придаточной частью сложноподчиненного предложения (Орфограммка.ру)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) Сражался(,) как самурай.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two different meanings are possible:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;he was as good as a samurai at his fighting (&lt;strong&gt;comma&lt;/strong&gt;; usual comparative clause)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;his fighting was worth his samurai status (or 'being a samurai, he took part in that fight' - &lt;strong&gt;no comma&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare it with examples from that reference source:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он умер,  как настоящий герой («подобно герою»). — Он умер  как&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;настоящий герой («умер героем»).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Examples 3) - 5)&lt;/em&gt; are &lt;strong&gt;correct&lt;/strong&gt; (usual comparative clauses - with comma).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Examples 6) - 10) and 14)&lt;/em&gt; are &lt;strong&gt;correct&lt;/strong&gt; (no comma), see § 42.4, 4) ... оборот образует именную часть составного сказуемого или по смыслу тесно связан со сказуемым...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For that very reason, &lt;em&gt;examples 11) - 13)&lt;/em&gt; are &lt;strong&gt;wrong&lt;/strong&gt;. The verb &lt;strong&gt;поступил&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't have it's own finished meaning in the context suggested and only works as a part of a compound predicate. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2019-06-11T13:00:42.357" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T13:00:42.357" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19897" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19904" CreationDate="2019-06-10T12:47:33.317" Score="5" ViewCount="243" Body="&lt;p&gt;People asked me &quot;Как настрой&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought it meant the same as &quot;Как настроение?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They claimed the meaning was not the same but did not really explain what was the difference (just something like &quot;This means like &quot;ready for fight&quot; or sth of that sort).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could somebody explain the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update: Maybe one could say настрой is more in the direction of &quot;готовность к какой-нибудь (активной) деятельности&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10140" LastEditorUserId="10140" LastEditDate="2019-06-10T13:18:06.877" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T23:25:38.257" Title="Difference between &quot;настрой&quot; and &quot;настроение&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19897" CreationDate="2019-06-10T13:13:25.990" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Настроение&lt;/em&gt; из just about someone's &lt;strong&gt;mood&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;настрой&lt;/em&gt; (in its optimistic sense) is related to self-discipline: &lt;em&gt;concentrating&lt;/em&gt; on some idea (going to a dentist at last - &lt;em&gt;настроил себя на это&lt;/em&gt;), nearest activity (like participation in an important football game - &lt;em&gt;команда вышла с хорошим настроем на игру&lt;/em&gt;) or plan (e. g. to learn a new language - &lt;em&gt;выработал в себе настрой на эту деятельность&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2019-06-10T13:33:11.227" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T13:33:11.227" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19899" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19901" CreationDate="2019-06-10T14:21:33.447" Score="9" ViewCount="1378" Body="&lt;p&gt;This has already been asked but the answer doesn't seem to be quite right as it states that &quot;a&quot; is supposed to be used as an &quot;adversative conjunctive&quot; for two parts of a sentence in opposition with each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, on Duolingo I am shown an example where it says &quot;Я Анна, а это — Том&quot; using &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; for the and when I would expect to use &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is this? Sure this could be in opposition if you are saying no this anna but this is Tom but it's not saying that! It's merely stating there are two people and their names.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone explain why you would use &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; here? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12102" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-06-10T15:45:16.130" LastActivityDate="2019-06-12T15:57:18.950" Title="When to use и or а as “and”?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19899" CreationDate="2019-06-10T15:07:04.663" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;А&lt;/em&gt; in this sense is not the adversative conjunctive, it's a topical particle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's used in modern Russian to introduce a new topic in questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А ты поел?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and to express surprise or announce news:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А Маша замуж вышла!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, but on the earlier stage of the language development it was used to start virtually every sentence on its own, which was not linked to the previous one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's an excerpt from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramoty.ru/birchbark/document/show/novgorod/109/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;birch bark gramota 109&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Коупилъ еси робоу плъскове&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A ныне мѧ въ томъ ѧла кънѧгыни&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А ныне сѧ дроужина по мѧ пороучила&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А ныне ка посъли къ томоу моужеви грамотоу ели оу него роба&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А се ти хочоу коне коупивъ и кънѧжъ моужъ въсадивъ та на съводы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А ты атче еси не възалъ коунъ техъ а не емли ничъто же оу него&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(segmentation mine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This usage you're talking about is the relic of that extinct usage pattern. Basically, you're telling two equally important things, not depending on each other, and you're prepending the &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; to the second one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(А) я — Анна. А он — Том.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your sentences are linked, you're not introducing a new topic and you should be using &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; instead:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я Анна, и я буду сегодня вести вашу экскурсию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usage of &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; as an adversative conjunctive is slightly different:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я Анна, а не Том. // I'm Anna, not Tom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T20:53:06.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19899" CreationDate="2019-06-10T15:45:41.457" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;И&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;joins&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;unites&lt;/strong&gt; words and clauses, &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;contrasts&lt;/strong&gt; them, &lt;strong&gt;singles&lt;/strong&gt; them &lt;strong&gt;out&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;sets&lt;/strong&gt; them &lt;strong&gt;aside&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine a photo of Anna and Tom, a married couple. When showing the photo to your friend who doesn't know them, you can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это — Анна &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; Том.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By saying this, you show them as a single entity, a married couple in our case. But you can say it with &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt;, too:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это — Анна, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; это — Том.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you just name the two people in the photo one by one making no allusions to whether they are connected in a way or not, &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; just separates them from each other, just the same way as if you said &lt;em&gt;Это — Анна. Это — Том.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now imagine that both of them like reggae music. You will tell your friend about it this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Анна любит регги, &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; Том тоже любит регги.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You use &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; because reggae is something that unites them. But in a similar situation, if there's something that sets them aside, you'll have to use &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Анна любит кошек, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; Том любит собак.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Анна всегда ездит на машине, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; Том на велосипеде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or imagine that you and your friend are in a store, you point to different kinds of candies and explain to your friend which ones you like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эти конфеты мне очень нравятся, &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; эти нравятся, &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; те тоже, &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; те, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; вон те я не люблю, они слишком кислые.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You like the first four kinds of candies, and that fact unites them, that's why you use &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; when speaking about them, but then there's the kind you don't like, you set it aside from the previous ones by using &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt;. That's the main principles of how &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;a&lt;/code&gt; work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;И&lt;/code&gt; объединяет, &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt; разъединяет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T15:45:41.457" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19902" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19936" CreationDate="2019-06-10T17:29:33.133" Score="8" ViewCount="539" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's suppose I am writing a serious article in Russian about a person, a business, or a geographic object whose proper name sounds in the original language like a Russian swear or obscene word. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, if that person, business, or geographic object has an established name in Russian, I will simply use it, but what if there is none? This can easily happen if I write about a small restaurant, a new hotel, or a nonfamous person who is unlucky enough to have a surname coinciding with a Russian obscene word. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simply writing the name as it sounds will cause laughter and will thereby seriously impact the perception of my article, but altering the name is disrespectful and also may have legal consequences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am curious what kinds of approaches the native speakers would adopt in such a situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: What are some good variants of writing the following four proper names in Russian in a serious article?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Indonesian hotel &quot;Suka Beach Inn&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.booking.com/hotel/id/suka-beach-inn.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;),&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Estonian kindergarten &quot;Mudila&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.neememudila.ee&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;), &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Turkish cafe &quot;Durak Cafe&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://foursquare.com/v/durak-cafe/5550d3e1498ec7eee3c77f5f&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;), and &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Professor 戴暉輝 (Dai Hui-Hui) (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cityu.edu.hk/ma/people/profile/daihh.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These names are all real, as you can check by following the links provided; I also verified in Google Translator that they are pronounced in the original languages as the Russians pronounce sthe words &quot;сука,&quot; &quot;мудила,&quot; &quot;дурак,&quot; and &quot;дай хуй хуй.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that there may be many variants, so I am not asking for all of them. I just want to see some good variants in order to understand what kinds of approaches are deemed acceptable by the Russian speakers. I guess there are not many principally different approaches.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. My question is not meant to be broad or to require purely opinion-based answers; my intention is to find out (i) whether there is any official or established rule about such situations, (ii) what is the common practice of dealing with such situations, and (iii) what are some good acceptable translation variants for the example names given by me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-06-13T09:15:35.493" LastActivityDate="2019-06-13T11:03:32.763" Title="What should I do with non-Russian proper names that sound like Russian swear words?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-06-13T09:52:35.310" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19904" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19897" CreationDate="2019-06-10T18:10:32.557" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Как настрой&quot;?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question can be replaced to: [Are you sure you can do it?]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Как настроение?&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question can be replaced to: [How are you?]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Как настрой&quot;?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &quot;Как настроение?&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They both mean mental state, but&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[настрой] goes from weak to strong&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[настроение] goes from bad to good&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can not say he has bad [настрой]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You can say he has strong [настрой]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can not say he has strong [настроение]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You can say he has good [настроение]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can we say that [настрой] = [готовность к какой-нибудь (активной) деятельности]?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In someway yes, but [готовность] in Russian mean [readyness] and therefore it is much wider, than [настрой].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[настрой] can be in someway treated as [mental readyness], whereas [готовность] is more wide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's take exam as example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[готовность к экзамену] means how good you memorized material.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[настрой] means how confident you are, how you are sure in your abitility to pass exam.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[настроение] means general state of your mood, which may be different from [настрой]. You might have a strong [настрой], but your [настроение] can be bad, because your alarm clock failed to ring and you had no time to have breakfast. That is the case of strong [настрой], but bad [настроение].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are people, who are not ready for exam, but they are sure that everything gonna be ok. Their [настрой] is strong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are people, who are ready for exam and study like crazy, but they are not sure that everything gonna be ok and they lack self confience. Their [настрой] is weak.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually [настрой] is the source for [настроение].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you have strong [настрой] than it will make your [настроение] good.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If you have weak [настрой] that might result into bad [настроение].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="12097" LastEditDate="2019-06-11T18:23:05.337" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T18:23:05.337" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19824" CreationDate="2019-06-10T18:10:48.207" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Между ними) все горшки (давно) побиты&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Conveys the meaning that whatever goodwill between the two parties may have once existed is long gone. Even though it originated as a reference to a family quarrel (involving throwing pottery), I've seen it used to describe failing business/social relationships, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="180" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T18:10:48.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19813" CreationDate="2019-06-10T18:18:16.410" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;All three are off, but 3 is the closest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Клеиться&quot; in this case means &quot;flirt&quot; or &quot;hit on&quot;. It describes an action, not a sentiment. The flirting might be inspired by anything from undying love to a passing interest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="180" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T18:18:16.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19907" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19813" CreationDate="2019-06-10T18:46:43.073" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Похоже, ты к нему клеишься&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1- Looks like you stick to him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, because stick is about glue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2- Sounds to me like you're going towards him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, because [going towards] is just a fact of phisically going up to somebody. It does not mean any love interest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3- Sounds to me like you fell in love with him!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, because fall in love is something deep and mental, but [клеить] is just about sex.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looks like you're picking up him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To me this is the closest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is imporant detail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Direct litteral translation to Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looks like you're picking up him.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Похоже, ты его клеишь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Direct litteral translation to English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Похоже, ты к нему клеишься.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Looks like you're making him pick up you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;10-15 years ago pickuper was a man who professionally on constant basis [клеит] girls to have sex with them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But today we live in the world where woman is the same or in feminist oriented countries even more rightfull than a man, so nowadays it is ok to say that a woman pickuped a man. But 10-15 years ago only a man could pickup a woman and a woman could be only pickuped. Therefore if it is initiative of woman to make a man to pick up her, we use passive voice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[ты клеишься] - is passive voice - making yourself to be picked up by someone&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;[ты клеишь] - is active voice - you pick up someone&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;[клеить] as [to pick up] is a slang word&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;[клеить] means [to use glue to stick things together] or simply [to glue]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T18:56:22.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19843" CreationDate="2019-06-10T19:29:49.947" Score="2" Body="&lt;h2&gt;#1.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Зачем пришел?&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;Why did you come?&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&amp;quot;За чем пришел?&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;What thing did you come to take?&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both sound the same, but if Russian ear hears this phrase with 100% Russian brain thinks that it is [зачем пришел].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;#2.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Выхóдите гулять?&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;Are you going out to walk now?&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&amp;quot;Вы ходите гулять?&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;Do you regularly go to walk?&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both sound the same, but first sound unnatural to Russian ear.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;In real life it will be like this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Гулять выхóдите?&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;Are you going out to walk now?&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;#3.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Он невежливый&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;He is impolite&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&amp;quot;Он не вежливый&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;He is not polite&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both sound the same, but said aloud it does not have difference in meaning.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;For Russian ear it is 100% first variant [невежливый].&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;For Russian ear the second varian usually goes with [not this, but this]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Он невежливый.&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;He is impolite&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&amp;quot;Он не вежливый, а мошенник&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;He is not polite, but a cheater&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;#4.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Давайте порублю&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;Let me cut&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&amp;quot;Давайте по рублю&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;Give me one rouble each&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both sound the same, but context is too different to mix it.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;For Russian ear it is 100% the first [порублю].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the second it is sound unnatural.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;In real life they will say like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Сдавайте по рублю&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;Give me one rouble each&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Давайте по рублю] is also possible, but it is about robbery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Давайте скинемся по рублю] (&amp;quot;Let's make a mutual fund by investing 1 ruble from each of us&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Давайте скинемся, а то порублю] (&amp;quot;Let's make a mutual fund, otherwise I will cut you all&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Bonus track&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;[научись] must be pronounced [науч'ись] - one stress&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;[на, учись] must be pronounced [н'а] [pause] [уч'ись]- two stresses&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[на] here is a short form for [возьми]&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;[на, учись] = [возьми и учись]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T19:36:42.493" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6814" CreationDate="2019-06-10T19:57:47.123" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where does it come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is from chess.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_(chess)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_(chess)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English it is called Knight in Russian it is called Horse (Конь).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[ход конем] = [Move with Knight] in chess meaning of the word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For Russian brain, move style of every chess piece is straitforward, but Knight's move is &amp;quot;strange&amp;quot; in form of Russian letter Г (which sounds like G in English).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the context of useage and the meaning of the phrase «ход конём»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian language we always use this phrase to say about someone actions which require unusual planning and therefore unusual behaviour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do you deside what movie is cool and what is boring?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the main character in movie found himself in do-or-die situation and here comes just a God and saves him - that is boring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the main character in movie found himself in do-or-die situation but he was so smart and make such actions which surprices his enemy and the audience, it means, that the main character made some [ход конем].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's make some examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think they will make [ход конем].&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;I think they have some cuniing plan.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's make [ход конем].&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Let's surprise them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh, my God, what a [ход конем]!&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Oh, my God, what a trick!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And my favorite example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Luke, I am your father!&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Noooooooooo!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is 100% [ход конем] of Darth Vader.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;That is 100% [ход конем] of script writer, director and producers of Star Wars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T19:57:47.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19910" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19869" CreationDate="2019-06-10T20:30:42.773" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;is the word 'information' countable or uncountable in the Russian language? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Uncountable.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You can not say [one information], [two informations], [10 informations].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You can say [all information], [not all information], [no information].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You can say [a little information], [a lot of information].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You can say [some information].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You can say [10% of information], [a half of information], [3/4 of information].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;is it grammatically correct to say 'я наслаждался всей информацией'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is 100% correct to say that.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If you say that in Russia, people will understand you 100%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'я наслаждался всей информацией, которую нам предоставили во время лекций'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is 100% correct to say that.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If you say that in Russia, people will understand you 100%.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Just some thoughts&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word [информация] and [предоставили] are pretty cold, official and uncomfortable.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;When Russians hear words [информация] and and [предоставили] - it is something about office world, it is something about communication of people which have long social distance between them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More natural (or more warm) forms of the same idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;'я наслаждался всем, что нам предоставили во время лекций'&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  'я наслаждался всем, что нам рассказывали и показывали во время лекций'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word [наслаждаться] are pretty polite and too royal.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It's a word from vocabulary of people who have the heighest cultural level of personal development and education.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is a word for people from high society.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simple people in this case say something like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я кайфовал от каждой лекции!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  лекции были безумно интересные!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  лекции были просто обалденные!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  лекции были реально огонь!  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T20:30:42.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19766" CreationDate="2019-06-10T21:45:43.023" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;the Russians often use the word &quot;кабан&quot; (&quot;wild boar&quot;) or its Old Russian analogue &quot;вепрь&quot; to talk about people&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not exactly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;We use [кабан] to talk about people  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Wo do not use [вепрь] to talk about people&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[вепрь] is only used to talk about real boar, for example, hunters use this word. Or reporters use this word in articles when they inform about hunting for real boar. Also [секач] means male boar.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example (2) they say not [как вепрь] but [аки вепрь].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[аки], [яки], [як] are 200-300 y.o. eqvivalents for contemporary [как].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Therefore by using [аки вепрь] the authour of this text wanted to create some style of 200 y.o. way of speaking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I see the wild boar rather as a cute, small, and peaceful creature&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the place where I live (it is Yekaterinburg, Urals, 2000 km east from Moscow) we have boars 2m height and 500 kg of weight. Its size is like Toyota Land Cruiser.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If you meet such a boar at the forest it might kill you.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Anyway, hunting for a boar is considered to be deathly dangerous.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The main danger comes from male boars, not from female boars.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Gl9OO.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Gl9OO.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am puzzled how the Russians could end up having such an irrational fear of boars. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russians are not affraid of boars.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Russians just know that it is risky to meet male boar at the forest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am totally confused by this. I think it is much more natural to call a big hulk a bear rather than a boar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When we call someone [кабан] it is not about hulk, it is about health and speed of reaction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If compare to Japanese culture, I feel (I don't know, I just feel) that Japanese feeling for tuna with counter [to:] not [hiki].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[кабан] is about healthy, speed and solid shape.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For Russian perception bear is powerfull, the king of forest, like lion is the king of jungles.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But bear is not the most clever person.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Bear is not fast reaction person, even slow thinker.&#xA;Bear is not solid speaking about shape. Bear's shape is flexible, like jelly, but [кабан] is solid like tuna or even like bullet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Boar is just a wild form of pig [свин] [свинья].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But [свинья] is offensive.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[свинья] is grown up by a man to be killed for meat.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[кабан] is wild and a free creature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[кабан] = healthy + solid shaped + fast reaction + wild freedom.&#xA;[кабан] is forest big tuna.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[bear] = huge + unlimited power + flexible shaped + slow reaction.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[bear] eats all summer and sleeps all winter.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Bear is [сила есть ума не надо] = [might goes before right]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Maybe there are some relevant fairy tales, cartoons, songs, poems, novels, or movies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally do not remember boar as a character in Russian tales.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Bear, fox, rabbit, wolf, hedgehog - the main animal characters.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Cat, mouse, peackock, chicken, goose - they are from european tales.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;We have famouse &quot;Three Pigs&quot; tale, but it is not about [кабан] at all and it is european rooted tale.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do belive to name someone [кабан] does not come from any folklore or tale. &#xA;[кабан] is just from perseption of boar itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Precisely what qualities do the Russians mean when they figuratively call someone a wild boar or compare someone to a wild boar, and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[кабан] = healthy + solid shaped + fast reaction + wild freedom.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[кабан] is a big forest tuna.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The question &quot;why&quot; refers to how the Russians learn about wild boars, that is, to things like fairy tales, cartoons, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, [кабан] is not from tales.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[кабан] is from reality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And I am especially curious to know the default meaning of &quot;ты (как) кабан&quot; [&quot;you are (like) a wild boar&quot;]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Default meaning [you act like a wild male animal with fast reaction, which gives you a little time to think about what you are doing].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;whether this phrase is a compliment or an offence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) No, it is not a comliment.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2) It is unpleasant word, but it is not offence.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If your task is to insult a man and you say that he is [кабан] your insult will fail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main usage of word [кабан] speaking about a man can be devided to 2 functions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) When you use word [кабан] to tell the man that he is [кабан].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In this case it is a tool to shame a man for his wild actions.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;By naming a man as [кабан] you are saying: stop being a wild animal, rememeber that you are human and start thinking on what impact on others your wild behaviour does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) When you use [кабан] to speak about a man with someone else.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In this case you express a kind of complaint that he behaves like a wild animal, but not like a socialized human.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[кабан] in this case means lack of taking in account social environment.  Maybe some king of egoistik behavior, but not as a result of intellectuar choise like a egoistik philosophy. [кабан] as egoist is just a consequence of his wild and mindless nature.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[кабан] is someone who makes problems or incomfortable things to others not because [кабан] is bad or intentionally wants to do something bad to others.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;No!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[кабан] creates problems to others, because his blood is filled with ulimate life enegry and his brain is out of idea of thinking at such things as &quot;we all live in a society and therefore each of us must think about people who is near us and around us&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[кабан] is just a bag of life enegry like tuna at the ocean.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[кабан] is a solar rocket without habbit to think before do something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My comments on your examples&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Что ещё раз доказывает, что здоровья у Уайта предостаточно, чтобы ронять любого. Он вообще кабан ещё тот. Просто не умеет вовремя и точно бить, чтобы всю силу удара проявить, то корпус не вложит, кинув просто одну руку, то промажет. (Source)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning here: health + speed of reaction + wildness&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) Когда он выбирается за КПП, он рыщет в поисках самки аки вепрь. (Source)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning here: health + wildness + male hormones in the blood&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) Саша был на вид лет сорока, рост — ​190 см, (здоровый как кабан, примерно 120 кг), волосы на голове короткие, на обоих бедрах спереди наколки в виде тигра. (Source)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning here: health + solid shape of body + wildness&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(4) Куда мне с таким кабаном сладить? Он мне сам руки скрутил и заставил! (From Google Books)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning here: health + wildness + do not think of consequences&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5) У нас в спортзале мужик носился как кабан, потом сразу тяжести, далее баня, бассейн и холодный душ, почти каждый день. (Source)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning here: health + solid shape of body + wildness&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(6) Лоуренс растолстел, посмотрите трейлер 'Смерть на похоронах' там он вообще кабан. (Source)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning here: health + solid shape of body + wildness + absence of understaning of what he is doing, but he personally is fine with that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(7) Даже не удивившись, я услышала, как запор щелкнул, и в дверь ввалился злой, как кабан, Сардонет. (Source)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning here: health + wildness + male hormones in the blood&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(8) Он крутой, как кабан. (Source)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning here: health + wildness + freedom + no need to think about consequences when wants to do something - if he wants something - just does and period. If someone will be hurt, that is not the problem of [кабан], that is the problem of one who was hurt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(9) Она должна быть в хорошей форме, чтобы спать с таким кабаном. (Source)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning here: health + wildness + speed of reaction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="12097" LastEditDate="2019-06-10T22:07:50.453" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T22:07:50.453" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19772" CreationDate="2019-06-10T23:17:15.317" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I believe I understand the meaning of the expression чёрта с два&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[черта с два] = [not to get what you want] + [how dare you?]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why is чёрта in the accusative/genitive case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because [черта с два] is just a first part of the full phrase which is [черта с два ты получишь, а не то, что хочешь]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Can I have some beer?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- [черта с два ты получишь, а не пиво].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- [черта с два] you will get, but not some beer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Real version:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Can I have some beer?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- [Черта с два!]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case it is not just: No!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is: [no!] + [How dare you just think of idea to have any beer?!]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it is not just [черт с два] which anyone can put in any case form as usual noun [черт].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is so called fixed phrase.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;That's why it is always genetive in combination with [с два].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why is [два] in the nominative case after [с]?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of usage [с] + [number] when you mean [around].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[с два] = [примерно два] = [около двух] = [что-то типа двух] = [around 2] = [2 or something] = [~2]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[черта с два] = [два чёрта или около того] = [примерно два чёрта]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What are the &quot;two&quot; mentioned in the expression?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is sarkasm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Direct saying what you mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Can I have a beer.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- No, you can't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sarkasm way of saying the same meaning as above:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Can I have a beer.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- Yeah, sure! You even can have 2 beers, you bastard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[черта с два] is kinda old phrase about 200-300 y.o. at least.&#xA;But nowadays we have the same contemporary construction for this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Contemporary sarkasm way of saying the same meaning as above:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Can I have a beer.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- Yeah, sure! You even can have 2 beers and one in the middle, you bastard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The deep meaning of this sarkasm is to show the person in indirect way that idea itself of having what he wants is rediulos and silly. How dare you even think about it?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Can I have a beer?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- Instead of having a beer you will get a demon... no! — 2 demons or even more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which short form is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Can I have a beer?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- You'll get 2 demons or something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and finally&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Can I have a beer?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- 2 damns or something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I guess English word [damn] is just a shrinked [daemon], that why [2 черта] = [2 damns]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Damn] in contemporary English means [curse].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Therefore&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Can I have a beer?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- Curse on you! Twise or so!!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS. I'm new to SE and do not know what to do, but there is &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/440370/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%81-%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot;&gt;Duplicate of this quesiton 1 year ago&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T23:17:15.317" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19736" CreationDate="2019-06-10T23:57:09.267" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is beyond my understanding is why the Russians chose the word &quot;дорогой&quot; (which, as I explained, is about the price, not about the value) as the Russian word for &quot;dear.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The source of your misunderstanding is very simple.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[дорогой] speaking about a person is just a short version of the full [дорогой моему сердцу] [дорогая моему сердцу] [дорогой сердцу].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's why [дорогой] is not about price in money.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is about price in emotions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[дорогая моя жена] = [дорогая моему сердцу жена]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means, that if something bad happens to her, my heart phisically will suffer a lot of &quot;emotional money&quot; (not money in the pocket).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's why for Russians every person and every thing is mesured not only in real money, but in &quot;emotional money&quot; too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[дорогая картина]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;means artwork cost over $100K&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian language when someone says in this meaning usuage say&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[картина для меня дороговата]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;([для меня], а не [мне])&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[дорогая мне картина]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;that is short version for [дорогая моему сердцу картина]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;means artwork may cost just $10 bucks, but this artwork is made by my daughter and if something bad happens to this artwork, I spend 2-3 weeks in deep stress, recovering my heart from the loss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian language when someone says in this meaning usuage say&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[картина мне дорога]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;([мне], а не [для меня])&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[полезная картина]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;means usefull. For example, it hangs on the wall to hide the vault or maybe there is just a spot on the wallpaper and this artwork just hides it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[ценная картина]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;means people on art market are ready to pay for it good money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[бесценная картина]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;means masterpiece, that it is shame even to speak about price.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It does not mean artworks, which really has no price.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Priceless artwork means that it costs some crazy money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[дорогой сотрудник]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;means his salary very high for the company. This employee costs for our company a lot of money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[дорогой нам сотрудник]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(that is [дорогой нашему сердцу сотрудник])&#xA;means we cherish achivements of this employee high and are proud, that the employee is a part of out company. We are very lucky to work with him and wish him to stay with us as long as possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[ценный сотрудник]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;means we know how to make the most functionality and effectiveness out of this employee for our company. We think the employee has a great ratio on what we pay to him and to what income he generates for our company.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What adds to my confusion is that the Russian words for &quot;price&quot; and &quot;value&quot; have the same root (-цен-) and are, respectively, &quot;цена&quot; and &quot;ценность.&quot; This is beyond my understanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can not understand your confusion.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In every culture [price] and [value] are always different things, but their meanings is close.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Цена] = [Price] = is result of the agreement between sides of the deal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Ценность] = [Value] is subjective functionality for a person who is going to use the object for the deal, which is priced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Дорогой] = [Expensive] = [high price]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Дешевый] = [Cheap] = [low price]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Ценный] = [Valuable]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Полезный] = [Usefull]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Функциональный] = [Functional]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm really surpriced that [цена] vs [ценный] is really difficult for you to differ them out.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Yes they have the same root [цен-] and so what?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;These are different words and they have different, but still close meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[-ость] is powerfull suffix and it always can help you to see the difference between [price] and [value].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastActivityDate="2019-06-10T23:57:09.267" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19916" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-11T08:18:48.443" Score="5" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;Numerous villages are called &quot;Володино&quot;, does it mean something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12108" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-04-22T11:12:29.297" LastActivityDate="2020-04-22T11:12:29.297" Title="Etymology of &quot;Володино&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;toponyms&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19916" CreationDate="2019-06-11T08:25:08.653" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Володя means Вова, which is a nickname for Владимир. Володин&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;село&lt;/em&gt;) = Vladimir's (village). This is the meaning of the name of the villages. But who exactly this Vladimir was is a mystery. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T08:25:08.653" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19916" CreationDate="2019-06-11T09:01:08.810" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Named&quot; names of russian viliges  originates from:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;family names of local landlords (помещики) (&quot;Володино&quot; - Володин (Volodin's), &quot;Осипово&quot; - Осипов (Osipоv's)).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Saints names (&quot;Анненково&quot; - st. Ann , &quot;Николаево&quot; - st. Nicolas).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Some arbitrary names given by landlords voluntary. A village may be named after his son, some favorite artist, ancient greek philosopher or just a dog (&quot;Шариково&quot; - &quot;Шарик&quot; is a common dog's name)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T09:01:08.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19892" CreationDate="2019-06-11T09:32:31.120" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rule of thumb in such cases (before &quot;как&quot;): if you can ommit everything after comma and what is left still makes sense - it is better to put comma. Otherwise - no comma needed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он поступил как дурак&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Он поступил &quot;  (&quot;he did&quot; ) - has little sense - no comma needed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(About enrollee) &quot;Он поступил, как лучший ученик&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Он поступил&quot; (&quot;he entered (university)&quot;) has sense - comma is desirable&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What makes sense and what don't - depends on context and often is up to author&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T09:32:31.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19921" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19923" CreationDate="2019-06-11T15:41:53.910" Score="4" ViewCount="395" Body="&lt;p&gt;I noticed that in Russian, when one wants to sell something in USD he writes instead  in Cyrillic letters:  у.е. for example:  120.000  у.е. What's the relation between  the letters у.е. to USD? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6907" LastActivityDate="2019-06-25T21:46:52.607" Title="What's the relation between у.е. to USD?" Tags="&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19921" CreationDate="2019-06-11T15:59:56.633" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;“У.е.” is for “условные единицы”, “conditional unit”. IIRC the term originated because by law you couldn't set prices in foreign currencies, but what you could do is set a price in some unit that is convertible to rouble in a particular fashion. So, when a shop wanted to set a price in USD, they would say that the thing costs 100 “у.е.” with a disclaimer that one “у.е.” means the number of roubles for one USD.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Wiki&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T15:59:56.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19923" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19921" CreationDate="2019-06-11T16:15:18.493" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У. е.&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;условная единица&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;conventional unit&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;States with significant Russian speaking population (Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, other former USSR republics) were experiencing high level of inflation and financial instability during the 90's and early 2000's, so the businesses usually kept their books of accounts and price lists in stable currencies like USD or the Deutsche Mark or later Euro, and only used the national currencies to actually convey financial transactions, at the rate in effect as of the moment of the transaction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Listing the prices in currencies other than national, however, was illegal, so as a workaround, the prices were listed as &quot;conventional units&quot; and a remark was made that the conventional unit rate was the same as the USD or other stable currency rate. But the rate could really be anything, at the retailer's discretion, so it varied a lot and was used for marketing tactics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the &lt;em&gt;у. е.&lt;/em&gt; is &quot;conventional unit&quot; which is usually one USD but can be off by several percent or something completely different altogether.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can also be used as a metonymy for &quot;the United States dollar&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-06-25T21:46:52.607" LastActivityDate="2019-06-25T21:46:52.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19924" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19916" CreationDate="2019-06-11T17:26:21.900" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I fully agree with the explanation provided here: usually, one would expect &quot;Володино&quot; to provene from &quot;Володя&quot; or &quot;Володин&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, the possibility of a different origin should be explored on those special occasions when the said toponym is found at a narrow isthmus separating historical waterways. Across such places, boats were transported by dragging (in Russian: &quot;волоком&quot;). So the nearby toponyms may carry this root, Вышний Волочёк serving as a proverbial example. A village originally called, say, &quot;Волокино&quot; or &quot;Волочино&quot; might have, at later times, been renamed into &quot;Володино&quot;, had  this name sound more pleasant to the ear of a local landlord.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Once again, this is solely an option -- but worth checking in certain specific cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-06-11T17:57:52.553" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T17:57:52.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19899" CreationDate="2019-06-11T18:40:46.683" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;using а for the and when I would expect to use и.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, you CAN use [и] here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я Анна, и это — Том.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is 100% grammatically legal and if you say that you will be 100% understood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Sure this could be in opposition if you are saying no this anna but this is Tom but it's not saying that! It's merely stating there are two people and their names.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, no, no! [a] here is not for opposition.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[a] here to focus attention.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By using [а] instead of [и] you create pause to focus attention to what will appear now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[а]-case correctly pronoused like this&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Я Анна, [pause] а это&lt;/em&gt; [pause] &lt;strong&gt;Том&lt;/strong&gt; [ta-da!].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you do not want make a show with presentation, you should say something like this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я Анна. Он Том.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it is much more emotional and more alive and more human to say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я&lt;/strong&gt; [pause + point to yourself] &lt;strong&gt;Анна,&lt;/strong&gt; [pause, ok? with eyes and intonation] &lt;strong&gt;а он&lt;/strong&gt; [pause, point to Tom] &lt;strong&gt;Том&lt;/strong&gt; [pause, ok? with eyes and intonation].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T18:40:46.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19872" CreationDate="2019-06-11T19:11:49.787" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;First, we were struggling to cope with the heavy workload on a seriously tight schedule, and then the very committee meeting we were working so hard for has been put off until next month. That was the only thing missing (that we needed)!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, [Только этого не хватало!] is 100% &quot;official&quot; phase for that case.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I do not understand why you are not satisfied with that option.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is contemporary, widely used, well known phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only now in comments I've noticed, that you are interested not in translating [Il ne manquait plus que ça], but in translating [C'est le bouquet!].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Strange, that you have not put [C'est le bouquet!] to the title of your quesiton.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I understand you are interested in territory of jargon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It depends on the region of Russia.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But where I live, it is Urals, 2000 km east from Moscow.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For this case we have 3 options&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;1.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[Контрольный выстрел в голову.]&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;means a head shot which killer does from the gun to have 100% guaranty that the object is really killed.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the exam day my alarm clock got broken and I overslaped, missed the breakfast. I got C on exam because I got the only question from a list of 80 questions which the have not studied. I've studied 79, but not this one. I got back home only to find out that my beloved cat had died today. [Контрольный выстрел в голову.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;2.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[Короче, приехали...] [В общем, приехали...]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;means [we have come] or [we have finally arrived to place...]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the exam day my alarm clock got broken and I overslaped, missed the breakfast. I got C on exam because I got the only question from a list of 80 questions which the have not studied. I've studied 79, but not this one. I got back home only to find out that my beloved cat had died today. [Короче, приехали...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;3.&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[Короче, тушите свечи...] [В общем, тушите свечи...]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;means, [put out candles]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the exam day my alarm clock got broken and I overslaped, missed the breakfast. I got C on exam because I got the only question from a list of 80 questions which the have not studied. I've studied 79, but not this one. I got back home only to find out that my beloved cat had died today. [В общем, тушите свечи...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Bonus track&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the exam day my alarm clock got broken and I overslaped, missed the breakfast. I got C on exam because I got the only question from a list of 80 questions which the have not studied. I've studied 79, but not this one. I got back home only to find out that my beloved cat had died today. &lt;strong&gt;[Одним словом, денёк типа зашибись...]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="12097" LastEditDate="2019-06-11T19:17:07.150" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T19:17:07.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19780" CreationDate="2019-06-11T19:41:29.093" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Думаешь, мы возложили на них слишком большие надежды? &#xA;  If my phrasing above does sound somewhat formal or literary, how is the same idea expressed more informally?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your phrasing is 100% ok.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There are different options to express the same idea, but this form is 100% ok.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is a little formal and maybe a little literal, but the idea itself does not suppose any &quot;funny&quot; option.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The sitiuation itself is pretty bad.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Maybe it is about betrayal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is 100% ok to be a little formal when you want to speak about things like this, that someone have not met your expectation and trust.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="12097" LastEditDate="2019-06-11T20:24:13.617" LastActivityDate="2019-06-11T20:24:13.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19930" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19872" CreationDate="2019-06-12T06:12:46.543" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a very conversational manner, a kinda street parlance, you may say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Если пиздец -- так уж полный.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or, shorter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пиздец -- так уж полный.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-06-12T06:12:46.543" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19899" CreationDate="2019-06-12T14:33:05.943" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The easiest &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thefreedictionary.com/mnemotechnical&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mnemotechnical&lt;/a&gt; way to get this is to understand that these (&quot;и&quot; and &quot;а&quot;) are two different words in Russian and in English there is one, &quot;and&quot;, which has those two meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first one is &quot;and&quot; like in &quot;I have a car and a bike and ...&quot; Here one would use &quot;и&quot;. Like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;У меня белая рубашка и синяя. (I have a white shirt and a blue one.)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second could be interchanged with &quot;while&quot; or &quot;but&quot; even, as said &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/19899/when-to-use-%D0%B8-or-%D0%B0-as-and#comment39299_19899&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; by &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/11511/michael-1812&quot;&gt;@Michael_1812&lt;/a&gt;. Here you would use &quot;а&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;У меня белая рубашка, а у Тома синяя. (I have a white shirt and Tom has a blue one.)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that sentence &quot;and&quot; could be exchanged with &quot;while&quot; and the sense of the sentence would be kept the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12118" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-06-12T15:57:18.950" LastActivityDate="2019-06-12T15:57:18.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19788" CreationDate="2019-06-12T22:31:47.157" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I like to read. - Мне нра́вится читать.&#xA;  I will like to read. - Мне бу́ду нра́вится читать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a mistake.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Мне будет] нравится читать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no [Мне буду] in Russian.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Threre is only [Мне будет ...] or [Я буду ...].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I did like to read. - Мне был(а) нра́вится читать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contemporary Russian there is no usage of [быть] as tool-verb for the Past.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There was form which is not not used any more, but it is more not like tool-verb it is adverb.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For example:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Мне бывало нравилось читать.]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If you say that in Russian nowdays they will understand you, but usually this form is pretty book-ish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[I did like] instead of [I liked] is the same as [I really liked]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[I did like] = [I really liked]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore in Russian it is&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[I did like to read.] = [Мне реально нравилось читать.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I want to repair ... - Я хочу́ почини́ть...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possible options:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Я хочу починить.]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Я буду хотеть починить.]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Я хотел починить.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or based on self-form of the verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Мне хочется починить.]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Мне будет хотеться починить.]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Мне хотелось починить.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I worked on repairing the transmission.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Я порабо́тал чини́ть переда́чу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can not use [поработал + verb].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В по́лдень я рабо́тал: чини́л переда́чу моего́ пика́па.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your task was to express idea that yesterday you've started to repair, but till now you have not repaired it yet and you need more time to finish your job, then [В по́лдень я рабо́тал: чини́л переда́чу моего́ пика́па] does not say about that anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[:] - is used to explain, to give more detais.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[В по́лдень я рабо́тал.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And I can ask: what exactly did you do?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You can answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Я чини́л переда́чу моего́ пика́па.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, you explained me the deep meaning of what your working was about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to avoid my &quot;investigation&quot; question, you can beforehand to give detais by yourself like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[В по́лдень я рабо́тал. Я чини́л переда́чу моего́ пика́па.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is the basic and the full form for this case.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There are 2 ways, how you can &quot;pack&quot; these 2 sentances in Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#1. Full package.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[В по́лдень я рабо́тал, а именно: я чини́л переда́чу моего́ пика́па.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;#2. Short version of the full package.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[В по́лдень я рабо́тал: чини́л переда́чу моего́ пика́па.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case #1 is 100% equal to #2 and they both equal just to pair of standalone sentances.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The first says some general information: you we working.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The second one gives more details on what exaclty you were doing - you we doing the repair.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no need in Russian language to mix [работал] + [verb].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It just does not make sence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your feelings drive you to form stuff like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Я работал чинить передачу.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then no, that pattern does not used in Russian, not because it is technically impossible, but just because there is no sence or need in using such a pattern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian language it is 100% enough to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Я чинил передачу.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case everybody 100% understand, that you were working, just because it is phisically impossible to repair your car and not being under working.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, if you want to check if you can mix two verbs or you can't just think if the first verb is already included in the second by meaning of action in second verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's take any random verbs, just from the top of the head.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[плавать] = swim&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[дышать] = breathe&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я плаваю дышать. = I swim breathe.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Я буду плавать дышать. = I will swim breathe.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Я плавал дышать. = I swam breathe.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For me this direct mixing sounds crazy both in English and in Russian, but as you can see, technically we can build this stuff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's make it more real.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я плаваю, дыша. = I swim breathing.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Я буду плавать, дыша. = I will swim breathing.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Я плавал, дыша. = I swam breathing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In you case&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Я работал, чиня передачу.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible and correct form in Russian language, but it is too complicated and real simple people try to avoid such complex patters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Honey, where were you?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- [Работал. Чинил передачу.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or as your teacher recommended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Honey, where were you?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- [Работал: чинил передачу.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Because I finished the work [say, yesterday], and I did not accomplish my task)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to express idea, that you have started reparing, but you still have a lot of to do and you even do not have idea when exactly you gonna finish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В полдень я начал чинить передачу моего пикапа.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;At noon I started (began) to repair {my car}.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possible options.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я начинаю чинить.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Я буду начинать чинить.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Я начал чинить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Bonus track&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[В полдень] = [At noon] = [12:00 a.m.]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Вчера в полдень] = [Yesterday at noon] = [Yesterday at 12:00 a.m.]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Днем] = [In the afternoon]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Вчера днем] = [Yesterday in the afternoon]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian and I guess in English too they do not say&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[I repaired my car at noon.]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;They might say&#xA;[I began to repair (started repairing) my car at noon.]  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At noon is just a tiny moment in time which is 12 hours 00 minutes 00 seconds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[I began to repair my car at noon.] = ok&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[I began to repair my car in the afternoon.] = ok&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[I repaired my car in the afternoon.] = ok&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[I repaired my car at noon.] = weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, it is weird for your case, but there can be situation where this phrase can be ok.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If someone was killed at 12:00 and police officer during investigation might ask you:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Where were you at noon (at 12:00)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may answer:&#xA;[I repaired my car at noon.] = [I repaired my car at 12:00.],&lt;br&gt;&#xA;and my coworkers can confirm that, so I have an alibi and therefore I am not the murder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="12097" LastEditDate="2019-06-12T23:06:55.957" LastActivityDate="2019-06-12T23:06:55.957" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19524" CreationDate="2019-06-13T08:32:33.117" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Despite the fact that modern tense classification differs, Lomonosov's logic is quite understandable. He didn't say it's true for &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; verb and nothing is said here about the &lt;strong&gt;existence&lt;/strong&gt; of infinitives like &lt;strong&gt;едать&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;игрывать&lt;/strong&gt;, e. g. you &lt;em&gt;can't&lt;/em&gt; see &quot;&lt;em&gt;буду тряхивать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; here. The tense name &lt;strong&gt;давнопрошедшее&lt;/strong&gt; looks logical and I can see the following correlation in meaning between its 3 forms:&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;- form 2 (like &lt;strong&gt;бывало, тряс&lt;/strong&gt;) is just rephrased form 1 (like &lt;strong&gt;тряхивал&lt;/strong&gt;) with the &lt;em&gt;same&lt;/em&gt; meaning '(&lt;strong&gt;used to eat, used to play,) used to shake&lt;/strong&gt;';&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;- form 3 (like &lt;strong&gt;бывало, тряхивал&lt;/strong&gt;) adds some irregularity to form 2 like this: '&lt;strong&gt;used to shake from time to time&lt;/strong&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the idea to transform &quot;&lt;strong&gt;едал/игрывал&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; into infinitives &quot;&lt;strong&gt;едать/игрывать&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, it's hard to imagine any usage for such words (Lomonosov derives the forms of &quot;давнопрошедшее&quot; directly from &lt;em&gt;existing and usable&lt;/em&gt; infinitives like &lt;em&gt;трясти /есть, играть/&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An example of &lt;em&gt;modern&lt;/em&gt; usage of Lomonosov's &quot;давнопрошедшее&quot; (with negation): &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;... кто картошки не едал&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (from a Soviet song for young Pioneers) - with the meaning '&lt;em&gt;who has no experience of eating (such specially cooked) potatoes&lt;/em&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-06-13T08:32:33.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19902" CreationDate="2019-06-13T10:28:29.197" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some regulations about the use of business labels, or geographic object names. Many of the newspapers will type the name in Russian as it is. This would make people laugh, but you cannot change the name. From what I saw in papers, they sometimes try to avoid bad reaction to such names using English or pointing out the real pronunciation (if this will make the name sound differently). For example they use &quot;Durak Cafe&quot;, or кафе &quot;Durak&quot; instead of кафе &quot;Дурак&quot;. Or sometimes &quot;кафе ДУрак&quot; to point the stress on the first syllable instead to the second, which will not sound like the swear word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12044" LastActivityDate="2019-06-13T10:28:29.197" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-06-13T10:28:29.197" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19902" CreationDate="2019-06-13T10:57:22.740" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for Chinese names, it actually very rarely happens, and your example is not an exception, considering transcription and pronunciation rules for both Russian and Latin &lt;em&gt;pinyin&lt;/em&gt; transcriptions (your example transcribes, in modern version of the Palladium system, as &lt;strong&gt;Дай Хуэйхуэй&lt;/strong&gt; which is pronounced without a problem). A bit more complicated occasion was with a Chinese leader's name in the 80-s: &lt;strong&gt;Ху Яобан&lt;/strong&gt; - no problem with writing the name but at broadcasting, a distinctive pause was applied between the surname and the 'first' name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes not much can be done (and often enough is &lt;em&gt;not done&lt;/em&gt;) with some names like French writer &lt;strong&gt;Ив Гандо́н&lt;/strong&gt; (search him in Russian Wiki; the same way his name was written in the 70-s magazine &quot;Иностранная литература&quot;). So, unlikely a strict rule 'to do something' exists on language level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2019-06-13T11:03:32.763" LastActivityDate="2019-06-13T11:03:32.763" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-06-13T10:57:22.740" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18449" CreationDate="2019-06-13T12:00:24.790" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Every good outfit starts with the shoes &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I know in Russian languge there is no proverb or a saying on importance of shoes for the whole outfit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have [во что обуешься, в том и ходить станешь] but it is not about clothing or boots itself - it is about arrangement of anything like if you arrage your life in bad way you will live in bad way, it you arrange your life in a good way, you will live in a good way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For your exact case in contemporary Russian language instead of proverb or saying they usually use theme-joke [анекдот в тему].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жена покупает якро-оранжевые туфли.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Муж спрашивает:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- Дорогая, но ведь эти туфли у тебя ни с чем не сочетаются?!...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- Дорогой, ты ничего не понимаешь! Это начало нового гардероба.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And than it is shortend just to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Это начало нового гардероба.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning of this phrase is about some thing, which acts as a root for the whole system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using figurative tools of Russian language&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[おしゃれは足元から] = [Обувь - это лицо человека!]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Direct translation of meaning is the following.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[おしゃれは足元から] = [Мудрый начинает с обуви].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[おしゃれは足元から] = [Умный начинает с обуви].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="12097" LastEditDate="2019-06-13T12:08:26.837" LastActivityDate="2019-06-13T12:08:26.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19938" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19939" CreationDate="2019-06-13T17:40:34.887" Score="1" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5THHa.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/5THHa.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Due to the bad example they give in the table shown above i cannot tell the difference between the two. &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;bout and b&lt;em&gt;u&lt;/em&gt;d both sound exactly the same to me and to anyone i ask (i am a native in the u.s). about sounds like ubout and bud sounds like bud .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could someone give me a better example for ə?&#xA;Would it be the same as the a in the world &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;pple or ban&lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;na? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any help for distinguishing the difference between the two would be greatly appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Link to russian ipa table: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Link to ə: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_central_vowel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_central_vowel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Link to: ɐ: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you in advance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="11021" LastEditDate="2019-06-13T17:46:06.477" LastActivityDate="2019-06-13T18:31:10.843" Title="Difference of pronunciation between ɐ and ə" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19938" CreationDate="2019-06-13T18:04:31.427" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Perhaps it's worthwhile to refer to GB pronunciation because there's indeed difference in pronunciation between &lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;strong&gt;about&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;U&lt;/strong&gt; in &lt;strong&gt;bud&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of Russian phonetics it's &lt;strong&gt;Э&lt;/strong&gt; in the 1st one and &lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt; in the 2nd&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Under stress Russian &lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced fully while unstressed it's pronounced half hearted like &lt;strong&gt;Э&lt;/strong&gt; or even less distinctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;apple&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;banana&lt;/strong&gt; are passable examples of &lt;strong&gt;Э&lt;/strong&gt; with the caveat that in both it's under stress while reduced Russian &lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt; is never under stress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess instead of trying to figure out theoretically, what you need to do is record your own pronunciation and ask for feedback because you may have already gotten it down unbeknownst to yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-06-13T18:04:31.427" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19941" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19942" CreationDate="2019-06-13T22:28:36.107" Score="5" ViewCount="339" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of my teachers once said that a noun in a sentence is always in a certain grammatical case and always has a certain role - the subject or an object. In other words, no noun can be in two different grammatical cases at the same time and play a dual role.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being a curious thinker, I decided to challenge the validity of that statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since many nouns have the same form in the nominative and accusative cases, I decided to use it to construct a sentence in which a certain noun is the subject for one verb and the object for another verb and is thus both in the nominative and accusative cases. I came up with this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его мнение о тебе неважно и к тому же можно исправить. (His opinion about you is unimportant and also can be changed.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My idea is this: the noun &amp;quot;мнение&amp;quot; here is the subject (подлежащее) for the first part of the sentence and the object (дополнение) for the second part of the sentence. That is, the noun &amp;quot;мнение&amp;quot; is in the nominative case in relation to the missing verb (zero copula) of the first part of the sentence and in the accusative case in relation to the verb &amp;quot;исправить.&amp;quot; Voila.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: Are my sentence and analysis correct? I am very curious as to whether I can make such sentences and whether I proved my teacher wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: My question appears to be more tricky than I thought. On the one hand, initial responses below indicate that my sentence does not sound natural and is грамматически несогласованное предложение. On the other hand, I found various examples of similar sentences on the Internet:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Остальное неважно и можно выяснить потом. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://life.ru/t/%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F/996373/chiegho_khochiet_muzhchina&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Остальное неважно и можно забыть. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.stihi.ru/2012/10/31/1881&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пока ты любишь меня, все остальное неважно и можно пережить. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://estel-oscora.livejournal.com/39807.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-23T11:57:45.270" Title="Can a noun in a sentence be both in the nominative and accusative cases?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;&lt;complex-sentence&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19941" CreationDate="2019-06-13T22:51:53.993" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sentence does not sound as native Russian to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, you should use a pronoun in the second part to refer to «мнение»:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Его мнение о тебе неважно и к тому же его можно исправить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or you may use «это» to refer to the situation as a whole:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Его мнение о тебе неважно и к тому же это можно исправить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This answers your main question, but there are more flaws in the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, we need a comma between the parts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Third, the word «неважно» here is ambiguous. It has two meanings: “unimportant” and “bad/negative”. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;its Wiktionary entry&lt;/a&gt;. If you meant the first, you should write it with space to avoid ambiguity:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Его мнение о тебе не важно, и к тому же его можно исправить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or even add some words in between to avoid ambiguity in speech too:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Его мнение о тебе не так важно, и к тому же его можно исправить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There seems to be no strict rule whether to write it with space or not (&lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/46006/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE&quot;&gt;see this question&lt;/a&gt;), but if it helps avoid ambiguity, I think you should use space.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More articles on «неважно»/«не важно» problem: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russkiiyazyk.ru/orfografiya/pravopisanie/kak-pishetsya-slovo-nevazhno-ili-ne-vazhno.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;russkiiyazyk.ru&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramatik.ru/nevazhno-ili-ne-vazhno-slitno-ili-razdelno/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;gramatik.ru&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://mel.fm/gramotnost/1307694-doubt_words&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;mel.fm&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to say that the opinion is bad, then you should better write it with full adjective «неважное». In that case, the choice of connecting words sounds weird. «И», and even stronger «и к тому же», are for connecting non-contrasting statements, and your statements do contrast. You should either use «но» (another contrasting conjunction is «а», but I don’t see how to put it here), or make statements non-contrasting. So, two variants:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Его мнение о тебе неважное, но его можно исправить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Его мнение о тебе неважное, и к тому же его нельзя исправить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Come to think of it, I can construct sentences without «его» or «это»:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Его мнение о тебе неважное... но можно исправить!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that sound like an omitted «это» (reference to whole situation), not the reuse of the noun like you thought. Also, that sounds like a flow of thought, like the speaker says the first part, thinks a bit, the exclaims the second part. That’s why I chose punctuation like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your «неважно и можно» examples, they sound like a mistake when I look at them as a separate sentence. Of course, it’s understandable what they try to say, so in a flow of text or speech I may not notice it. But when I have time to have a second look on the sentence, it sounds weird to me. Maybe in time such phrases would become common, but not yet. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of them can sound better if replaced with adjectives or participles:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«не важно и можно пережить» to «не важно и преходяще»&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«не важно и можно исправить» to «не важно и исправимо»&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12019" LastEditorUserId="12019" LastEditDate="2019-06-14T00:42:54.593" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T00:42:54.593" CommentCount="16" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19943" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19945" CreationDate="2019-06-14T05:21:40.207" Score="2" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;Example: эпидемия &#xA;If you listen to everything on forvo.com and the voice they left on wiki they all sound like эпидемя like the й is not even there, is there a reduction rule for this? Even in the ipa it clearly shows there is a й included in the word, i have been coming accross a lot of words with the endings ие and ия that do this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/эпидемия&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example : сообщение &#xA;In this case they do not pronounce the и in the word as if it is сообщене &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="11021" LastEditDate="2019-06-14T05:27:16.380" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T19:44:40.040" Title="Pronunciation with the endings ие and ия" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19944" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19947" CreationDate="2019-06-14T05:31:38.263" Score="3" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a passage from K.T. Khlebnikov's &lt;em&gt;Zapiski&lt;/em&gt; about people who hosted him in Kamchatka. A Toen (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Тойон&lt;/a&gt;) is a native chief or elder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OYQJA.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OYQJA.png&quot; alt=&quot;Zapiski extract&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Василiй Волковъ Тоенъ Каряцкой, будучи хорошимъ хозяиномъ, дѣятельнѣйшее участiе беретъ и въ Нацiональномъ состоянии въ разсужденiи промысла.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A friend provided a subpar translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Vasiliy Volkov from Toen Koryatss, good master, has some good thoughts about National status in trading.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Was Volkov &quot;from&quot; a Toen Koryatss, a person, because of the latter's &quot;mastery&quot;, or was Volkov a Toen of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Koryak&lt;/a&gt; tribe? Since there is no word between the two names perhaps this comes down to a matter of grammatical case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, what is meant by &quot;National status&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-06-14T14:15:58.797" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T16:27:28.857" Title="Seeking clarity on a reference to a native Toen (Тойон)" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19945" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19943" CreationDate="2019-06-14T06:45:18.823" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You may be confusing &lt;strong&gt;Й&lt;/strong&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt;, because explicitly only the latter features in this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've listened to the clips on Forvo and Wiki and only in one on Forvo the ending was 'swallowed'. The rest display pretty standard pronunciation, where &lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt; is shorter due to being unstressed but not entirely absent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no rule for reduction of &lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt; in the &lt;strong&gt;-ия&lt;/strong&gt; ending of foreign words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search-answer?s=%D0%B2%20%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;However Russian native words ending with &lt;strong&gt;-ие&lt;/strong&gt; exist in two variations&lt;/a&gt;, that is with the endings &lt;strong&gt;-ие&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;-ье&lt;/strong&gt;. In writing the latter form is considered poetic but it also is easier to pronounce because of brevity and so suitable for fluent speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-06-14T07:09:39.923" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T07:09:39.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19941" CreationDate="2019-06-14T09:31:00.713" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;One of my teachers once said that a noun in a sentence is always in a certain grammatical case and always has a certain role - the subject or an object. In other words, no noun can be in two different grammatical cases at the same time and play a dual role.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your teachers are right.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Your examples does not prove, that one word can be used at dual function.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Его мнение о тебе неважно и к тому же можно исправить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You think, that [к тому же можно исправить] is 100% about [его мнение], but this is not so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case you just personally just mean it, but it does not follow from this pattern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you use it in just a chat - that's fine, but imagine, that someone would use this pattern in legal document, in papper agreement which has legal power. In this case, there are many options what exaclty you've ment as object in the second sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in the court you might say, that you've ment the following.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Его мнение о тебе неважно и к тому же &lt;strong&gt;всё&lt;/strong&gt; можно исправить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, there is no rule, that if object is absent in the second part, then subject from the first part is meant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course most people will think and understan, that you've ment [его мнение] as object, but it is not coming by rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same effect is used in Japanese language.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;You use kanji 一 for 1 and that goes everything all right.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But in legal documents they use kanji 壱  in order to guaranty 100% sure of what exactly was ment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To be 100% sure from legal point in your case you have to say object excplicitly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его мнение о тебе неважно и к тому же его мнение можно исправить.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Его мнение о тебе неважно и к тому же такое мнение можно исправить.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Его мнение о тебе неважно и к тому же это мнение можно исправить.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you do not put object explicitly by omtting the object you create field for assumtions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его мнение о тебе неважно и к тому же мужика можно исправить.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Его мнение о тебе неважно и к тому же всё можно исправить.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Его мнение о тебе неважно и к тому же стол можно исправить.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Его мнение о тебе неважно и к тому же документы можно исправить.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That means, that you can not say that [Его мнение] works in nominative and in accusative at the same time, because the second option is just omitted, but in full form object is availabe at the place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The subject from the first part does not work in the second part.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is just used for your imagination to guess what the omitted object is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The more you ommit, the more there is possibility to misunderstand what you've ment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Остальное неважно и можно выяснить потом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Остальное неважно и отношения можно выяснить потом.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Остальное неважно и дела можно выяснить потом.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Остальное неважно и ответ можно выяснить потом.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Остальное неважно и его мотивы можно выяснить потом.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Остальное неважно и можно забыть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Остальное неважно и об отпуске можно забыть.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Остальное неважно и об обиде можно забыть.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Остальное неважно и о его измене можно забыть.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Остальное неважно и о деньгах можно забыть.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Остальное неважно и о должности можно забыть.&#xA;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пока ты любишь меня, все остальное неважно и можно пережить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пока ты любишь меня, все остальное неважно и развод можно пережить.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Пока ты любишь меня, все остальное неважно и пожар можно пережить.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Пока ты любишь меня, все остальное неважно и потерю можно пережить.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Пока ты любишь меня, все остальное неважно и этот дурдом можно пережить.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you see, there is no 100% guaranty that the last part striclty uses the subject from the previous part, but of cource, people will understand what you've ment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In 4 examples of yours you can not say, that subject works as object.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In fact, in every last sentence object is omitted (there is no object) and it is impossible to say with 100% guaranty what object was ment by the author of the text.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Every option would be just a guess.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In common like that is not a problem.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;For legal text or for some serious buisiness or diplomatic letter that can be a problem.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="12097" LastEditDate="2019-06-14T09:52:39.087" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T09:52:39.087" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19944" CreationDate="2019-06-14T10:09:54.753" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Vasily Volkov, the Toyon of Koryaks, being a good husband, most effectively participates in the welfare of the nation through his hunting business.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a couple of archaic and legalese phrases here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тоен Каряцкий&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;the Toyon of the Koryaks&quot;. These days this would most probably be put as &lt;em&gt;коряцкий тойон&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;тойон коряков&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;деятельное участие&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;effective participation&quot;: a participation that makes a difference, something more than a token effort. This is mostly legalese.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;брать участие&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;to take a part, to contribute&quot;. Nowadays, it's mostly &lt;em&gt;принимать участие&lt;/em&gt;, however &lt;em&gt;брать участие&lt;/em&gt; is still used every now and then.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;в рассуждении&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;about, in relation to, through&quot;. This is archaic legalese and these days is mostly used jokingly. Most people these days are familiar with this phrase through Chekhov's short story &quot;The Complaints Book&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Жалобная книга&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;национальное состояние&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;the welfare of the nation&quot;. These days, it's usually &lt;em&gt;национальное благосостояние&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;промысел&lt;/em&gt; &quot;hunting business&quot;. The word &lt;em&gt;промысел&lt;/em&gt; and its derivative &lt;em&gt;промышленник&lt;/em&gt; usually mean &quot;industry&quot; and &quot;industrial businessman&quot; these days, however, &lt;em&gt;охотничий промысел, рыбный промысел, золотой промысел&lt;/em&gt; are still used in the original sense of &quot;activity&quot;, especially when describing the business of taking  its raw products from the nature.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-06-14T16:27:28.857" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T16:27:28.857" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19948" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-14T11:05:07.497" Score="5" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;À peine le temps de dire ouf&lt;/strong&gt; qu’il est tombé comme une brique sur le lit...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Literally: &lt;em&gt;(He must have been dead tired.) &lt;strong&gt;No sooner / Hardly had he said phew&lt;/strong&gt; than he fell onto the bed like a bag of bricks...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Or, more naturally: &lt;em&gt;He fell onto the bed like a bag of bricks &lt;strong&gt;in the twinkling of an eye&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; -- {Implicit: &lt;em&gt;almost as soon as X&lt;/em&gt;}&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In practice, this hyperbolic expression is used to refer to the extraordinary swiftness of some action. As indicated by the exaggerated &quot;&lt;em&gt;dire ouf&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;{say phew}&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, the construction &quot;&lt;em&gt;À peine X que Y {Hardly X than Y}&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is used purely for hyperbole here (as opposed to its usual usage where you compare two actions having actually taken place, almost one after another).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As another example, to express the idea of &quot;how time flies by&quot;, you can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Les semaines filent à toute allure.  &lt;strong&gt;À peine le temps de dire ouf&lt;/strong&gt; qu'on se retrouve à la fin de la semaine !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;A whole week flies by in no time. You find yourself at the end of the week &lt;strong&gt;before you know it&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this idea commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian? (Not a literal translation of the phrase)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-06-14T12:59:25.210" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T13:43:01.190" Title="Russian equivalents of &quot;À peine le temps de dire ouf&quot; in French" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;французский&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19948" CreationDate="2019-06-14T11:35:53.823" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the closest will be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не успеешь глазом моргнуть &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or (in the past tense)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не успел глазом моргнуть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you demand someone to do something fast you can say &quot;одна нога здесь, другая там&quot;, but this expression means to go somewhere. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Срочно сходи в магазин за колбасой. Быстро, одна нога здесь, другая там.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastEditorUserId="4481" LastEditDate="2019-06-14T12:33:25.183" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T12:33:25.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19948" CreationDate="2019-06-14T12:53:50.130" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian has two similar analogs for &quot;in the twinkling of an eye&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В мгновение ока он, как подкошенный, повалился на кровать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;works better for the former, while the one proposed by @Dmitriy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Неделя пролетает быстро. Глазом моргнуть не успеешь, как уже выходные.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;works better for the latter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T12:53:50.130" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19951" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19952" CreationDate="2019-06-14T13:10:10.397" Score="8" ViewCount="932" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some months ago I saw a Russian gomokunarabe player saying in an online chat to his compatriot, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А я подсел на мак.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot recall the context. I can only recall that their chat looked highly colloquial and was hard to understand. They did not appear to talk about the game; the conversation seemed to be about real-life matters. The expression &quot;подсел на мак&quot; looked especially mysterious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could you explain me this mysterious expression?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T16:34:47.323" Title="What is the precise meaning of &quot;подсел на мак&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19952" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19951" CreationDate="2019-06-14T13:15:23.777" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мак&lt;/strong&gt; here could have two obvious meanings, the &lt;strong&gt;poppy&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Macintosh computer&lt;/strong&gt;. But they also may be using their own slang in which this word means something else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Подсесть&lt;/strong&gt; is slang for &lt;strong&gt;to get addicted&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;to develop a habit for something&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if my guess about the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;мак&lt;/strong&gt; is correct, they are saying that either they do drugs or they use Mac a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-06-14T13:18:43.463" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T13:18:43.463" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19951" CreationDate="2019-06-14T13:18:36.520" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most probably this means &quot;Mac (the Apple's brand of computers) has really started to grow on me&quot;, or, more literally, &quot;I've become addicted to Macs&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мак&lt;/em&gt; also means &quot;poppy&quot;, so technically this could also mean &quot;I've become addicted to opium poppy&quot;, but this is less likely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T13:18:36.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19948" CreationDate="2019-06-14T13:43:01.190" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider also a literal equivalent &lt;code&gt;он и охнуть не успел&lt;/code&gt;. However, it is usually applied for events which you have not caused (week passing - yes, falling asleep - no).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For falling asleep, there is a special form &lt;code&gt;заснул раньше, чем голова коснулась подушки&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T13:43:01.190" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19951" CreationDate="2019-06-14T16:34:47.323" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;As @БаянКупи-ка suggested, I asked the player by sending him a message via the game server in order to find out which of the two versions suggested in answers is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It turned out none is. The player responded by sending me a selfie as an explanation. The selfie shows him consuming food at McDonalds. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am happy he is just a fast food lover, not a Macintosh computer nerd or a drug addict.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-06-14T16:34:47.323" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19956" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19957" CreationDate="2019-06-14T18:19:14.087" Score="0" ViewCount="739" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary gives the following etymology of the word &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;арбуз&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; (watermelon):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Turkic. Compare Ottoman Turkish خربز‎ (harbüz), خربزه‎ (harbüze), Tatar карбыз (qarbız), Bashkir ҡарбуз (qarbuz), Turkish karpuz. Ultimately from Persian خربز‎ (xarboz).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some other Slavic nations seem to have been more resistant to the Turkic influence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Slovak: Dyňa červená&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Slovenian: Lubenica&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ukrainian: Кавун&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: What is the indigenous Russian word for a watermelon, and can it be used in modern Russian?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if I write a fairy tale in Russian about a watermelon, I will use the original Russian word in order to make the fairy tale sound truly Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. By &amp;quot;indigenous Russian word,&amp;quot; I mean a word of Slavic origin that was the main Russian word for a watermelon before the word &amp;quot;арбуз&amp;quot; became such. Here, the adjective &amp;quot;Russian&amp;quot; refers to the ethnic group forming the core of the Russian nation - specifically, the people who lived in and around Moscow within a reasonable distance and shared the same language and culture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, I recently &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/19754/the-original-word-for-a-wild-boar&quot;&gt;asked&lt;/a&gt; what is the indigenous Russian word for a wild boar, and got the answer &amp;quot;вепрь.&amp;quot; I am now asking for the same thing for a watermelon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there was no indigenous Russian word for a watermelon, then stating this makes a valid answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T19:12:01.570" Title="What is the original Russian word for a watermelon?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19956" CreationDate="2019-06-14T20:52:33.703" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;original Russian word for watermelon is &quot;арбуз&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was no original Slavic word for &quot;арбуз&quot; exactly for the same reason there are no &quot;original&quot; word for &quot;ананас&quot;, &quot;киви&quot;, &quot;маракуйя&quot; and so on. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;According&lt;/a&gt; to wikipedia watermelons reach South Europe only in 16th century and started being cultivated only in 17th century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact this is the case in the majority of European languages with only exception known to me is &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubenica_(biljna_vrsta)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;lubenica&lt;/a&gt;&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;кавун&quot;&lt;/a&gt; has Turkic origin, Slavic origin of &quot;дыня&quot; is actually disputable) which is indeed a word for watermelon in Slovenian and Croatian. It's &lt;a href=&quot;https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/croatian-bosnian-serbian-etymology-of-the-word-watermelon.1016926/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;derived&lt;/a&gt; from Slavic root however it's also an innovation as far as I know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have to add that this is a Stack if not only about modern Russian (but basically it is) but in any case not about some Russian in some alternative reality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-02-28T19:12:01.570" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T19:12:01.570" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19956" CreationDate="2019-06-15T00:24:42.413" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no indigenous word, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://agrorom.ru/news-and-articles/post/istoriya-arbuzov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;what I could find&lt;/a&gt; (scroll to &quot;Арбуз на территории России&quot;) suggests watermelons came to Russia via the same place as the word for them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I get where you're coming from — I write a bit of &quot;alternate-culture&quot; fiction and always geek out on what's called what in-universe, but in this case, &lt;strong&gt;арбуз&lt;/strong&gt; already sounds Russian enough and there's truly nothing to replace it with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2019-06-15T00:24:42.413" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19959" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-15T12:01:21.997" Score="5" ViewCount="358" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some time ago I watched the excellent Russian movie &quot;&lt;em&gt;The Horde&lt;/em&gt;&quot; with English subtitles and got intrigued by a few expressions from there, with one of them being &quot;&lt;strong&gt;только и всего&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; The movie is on Youtube in full, and here is the link that brings you to the scene with that expression: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/7q8C34jD-x8?t=2622&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see in Google that this is a very common idiomatic expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the subtitles and from the research done by me I learned that the meaning of that expression is &quot;&lt;em&gt;nothing more than just this&lt;/em&gt;,&quot; but I cannot understand the literal logic of the expression. To me, it sounds as nonsensical as &quot;&lt;em&gt;only and everything&lt;/em&gt;.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, I got confused as to what the conjunction &quot;&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is doing here. I do not understand what it logically connects. In Google, I found exactly zero results with the phrase &quot;&lt;strong&gt;сделай только и это&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and 182 results with the same phrase but without the conjunction &quot;&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, I do not understand the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;всего&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; here. It might be the genitive case of &quot;&lt;em&gt;everything&lt;/em&gt;&quot; like in &quot;&lt;strong&gt;он устал от всегo&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; It might be an adverb meaning &quot;&lt;em&gt;in total&lt;/em&gt;&quot; like in &quot;&lt;strong&gt;всего она перевела три книги&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; It might be a particle meaning &quot;&lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt;&quot; like in &quot;&lt;strong&gt;у меня всего три рубля&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; There might be other possibilities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, I do not see how all these three words make sense together. At some point I thought that the literal meaning might be &quot;&lt;em&gt;just and only&lt;/em&gt;,&quot; where &quot;&lt;strong&gt;всего&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is interpreted as a particle meaning &quot;&lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and where the conjunction &quot;&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is a means of connecting two synonyms, &quot;&lt;em&gt;just&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt;.&quot; However, a problem with this version is that this idiom is sometimes used with the conjunction &quot;&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; placed at the end like in the following quote from Turgenev: &quot;Притворяется, что всё возится с Колей, а только всего и делает, что говорит о нем с умными людьми.&quot; Another problem is that I was unable to find any example with the reversed word order, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;всего и только&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; which suggests that the word order in important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought that the idiom might be a shortened version of a longer idiom, but was unable to find any.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: What is the actual precise logic of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;только и всего&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; from the literal standpoint? I am curious how these three words logically make sense together or made sense together when the idiom came into existence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T06:25:10.620" Title="What is the logic of the expression &quot;только и всего&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19960" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19959" CreationDate="2019-06-15T12:26:00.243" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;[только и всего] has synonim (100% equivalent) [и всего-то] which is short version of [и всего только].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[и] is used to finalise enumeration.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Один, два и три] = [One, two and three].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By saying [и всего] it is meant that [всего] is the final part of enumeration and there is nothing after that to be added.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[и всего только] = [that, what was presented till now is everything and there will be nothing else]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase is used to express suprised feelings that I do understand that this is everything, but I am really surpriced that this is really everything and nothing else is to be expected here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[только и всего] or [и всего-то] they are just the first part of the whole standard phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Только и всего?! А разговоров-то было...!]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[И всего-то?! А разговоров-то было...!]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, when to use this phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Your friend was telling you about some new restaraut which is according to his words was just something fantastic. But when you really arrive at that restaraut you understand that is more like a simple caffe for 5 tables and there is nothging super-puper outstanding there. And you might say suprised and dissappointed: [Только и всего?! А разговоров-то было...!]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) You are Go player. And you are suppose to play against the best player of Sapporo. You have such a fear of that Sapporo champion that you can not sleep in the night before the match. When the match really happend and you won, you are suprisinly say [И всего-то?! А разговоров-то было...!] By hese words you mean [is that all you can do?! Really?! is that all your 100% of power?!]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a very famous picture in Russian internet culture, that a woman is surprised about man's penis size. Other girls was saing so many words about it, but when she finally saw his penis with her own eyes she see that there is a huge difference between what everybody say and what really is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OUgJc.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/OUgJc.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, she also can say [И всего-то?! А разговоров-то было...!]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="12097" LastEditDate="2019-06-15T12:31:20.910" LastActivityDate="2019-06-15T12:31:20.910" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17725" CreationDate="2019-06-15T19:32:32.870" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;i have come to idea/conclusion that writting vowel + й + я/е/ю/ё should be avoided because they are ambiguous, it should be replaced with vowel + я/е/ю/ё for single j, vowel + й + ь + я/е/ю/ё for double j. i have written this as an answer at &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/a/449850&quot;&gt;https://rus.stackexchange.com/a/449850&lt;/a&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Should “йе” after vowel be pronounced [jje]? я, ю, е letters are pairs&#xA;  for а, у, э, and, мае should be read maje, and майе should be read&#xA;  majje, like it happens with мая and майя - maja and majja. Right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- i think now: no, since й is a consonont, it should behave like other consonants, and should not create second [j] (double [j]). (я does not create an additional consonant when used after a consonant, but, it just palatalizes it. also е/ю/ё).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Should [jje] after vowel be written &quot;йе&quot; or &quot;ййэ&quot; or &quot;ййе&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- neither, &quot;йе&quot; is ambiguous, &quot;ййэ&quot; and &quot;ййе&quot; are strange, not cyrillic, since they use йэ or йе instead of е, and &quot;ййэ&quot; is not correct if it is in a russian suffix, because э is used to mean a different vowel, that is used in loanwords, in positions except beginning of word. in case it is not russian [jje] but the [jjæ], that may be in loanwords, then ййэ should be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Should [je] after vowel be written &quot;е&quot; or &quot;йэ&quot; or &quot;йе&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- &quot;е&quot;. &quot;йэ&quot; to show the different vowel that may be in loanwords.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11082" LastActivityDate="2019-06-15T19:32:32.870" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19962" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19963" CreationDate="2019-06-16T10:49:23.893" Score="10" ViewCount="3364" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Elle n'est pas de l'&lt;strong&gt;étoffe&lt;/strong&gt; dont on fait les copines...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;{literally}: &lt;em&gt;She's not of the material from which we make girlfriends.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То express the idea of &quot;&lt;em&gt;she's not (X)girlfriend material&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;she's not cut out to be anyone's (X)girlfriend&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, in French you say something like above with the word &quot;&lt;em&gt;étoffe&lt;/em&gt;&quot; corresponding to &quot;&lt;em&gt;material&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;fabric&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I'd probably say something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хорошая из нее девушка не выйдет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this idea commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2019-06-21T11:10:28.330" Title="How is the idea of &quot;girlfriend material&quot; naturally expressed in Russian?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;english&gt;&lt;французский&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19962" CreationDate="2019-06-16T11:32:27.487" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;You got the idiom right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Not smbd./smth. material&amp;quot; would be &lt;em&gt;плохой из него выйдет кто-то/что-то&lt;/em&gt;, with &lt;em&gt;выйдет&lt;/em&gt; frequently omitted:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He's not employee material // Скверный из него работник&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He's not scientist material // Учёный из него не ахти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there is one complication in your particular example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no single word in Russian which would (unequivocally) translate to English &amp;quot;girlfriend&amp;quot; without any additional clarifications, and if you want to use &lt;em&gt;девушка&lt;/em&gt;, you should specify &lt;em&gt;моя девушка&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;его девушка&lt;/em&gt; for this to mean &amp;quot;girlfriend&amp;quot; and not just a &amp;quot;girl&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without this specification, your phrase would mean &amp;quot;she's not girl material&amp;quot; and this is not exactly what the English phrase means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To fix it, you could stuff the possessive into this phrase somehow:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Неважная из неё выйдет ему девушка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, but that would mean she'll not a girlfriend material &lt;em&gt;for him&lt;/em&gt; (although she might make someone else happy).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As @M.Herzkamp noticed, you can turn it into a negative statement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не выйдет из неё никому хорошей девушки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, you could make it not about her but about the relationship:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Серьёзных отношений с ней не выйдет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T13:30:03.920" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19962" CreationDate="2019-06-16T11:38:15.843" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian does pretty well without naming concrete materials in such expressions. Still often, but mostly in colloquial speech, the word &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;коленкор&lt;/a&gt;, 'calico, a kind of textile to cover book binding', is used in Russian in situations similar to the one you described.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, it is a synonym of &lt;em&gt;дело&lt;/em&gt;, 'thing, business', and very often it is used in the phrase &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;не тот коленкор&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; meaning 'of a different kind; made of different clay/material/fabric', &lt;a href=&quot;http://search1.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?env=alpha&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;dpp=&amp;amp;spp=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;req=%EA%EE%EB%E5%ED%EA%EE%F0&amp;amp;p=4&amp;amp;docid=48934&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;for example&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она точно не работает ни в каком журнале, это ясно. &lt;strong&gt;Не тот коленкор&lt;/strong&gt;. Бабы там совсем не такие, не такие аферистки. [Людмила Петрушевская. Слабые кости (1992)] — She definitely doesn't work for the magazine, that's clear. She's of a different kind. The women who work there are different, not such frauds [as she is].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your girlfriend example, I'd put it this way: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не выйдет из неё хорошей подруги, не тот коленкор.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-06-16T11:38:15.843" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19962" CreationDate="2019-06-16T11:58:41.003" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не годится она тебе &lt;em&gt;в подруги&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;пассии&lt;/em&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;(this is high register,&#xA;  sounds too posh)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не выйдет из неё &lt;em&gt;хорошей подруги&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;пассии&lt;/em&gt; &lt;sup&gt; &lt;em&gt;(same as&#xA;  above)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; / &lt;em&gt;тебе пары&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Quassnoi has noted in this context this concept would usually be expressed in a way whereby suitability of qualities is judged with a particular person in mind rather than generally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-06-16T11:58:41.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19966" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19967" CreationDate="2019-06-16T12:44:45.183" Score="0" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;Пытаюсь перевести &lt;code&gt;referenced document&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;Сколько не искал в интернете и не вбивал в переводчик различные производные слова &lt;code&gt;reference&lt;/code&gt;, результаты всегда выходят разные.&#xA;Как я понимаю &lt;code&gt;reference document&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;referenced document&lt;/code&gt; имеют разный семантический смысл (наверное как и перевод). Помогите разобраться с этим.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11343" LastActivityDate="2019-06-16T12:59:33.863" Title="Разница между переводом reference и referenced" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;семантика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19966" CreationDate="2019-06-16T12:59:33.863" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Насколько я понимаю &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;reference document&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - это документ, на содержание которого следует ориентироваться при выполнении каких-л. действий, &lt;strong&gt;справочный документ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;referenced document&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - документ, упомянутый в тексте (устном или письменном), к которому даётся отсылка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-06-16T12:59:33.863" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19968" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-16T14:35:02.463" Score="4" ViewCount="224" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Mon frère a vraiment envie de parcourir le monde entier. J’imagine que &lt;strong&gt;c’est&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;un truc de garçon&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То express the idea of &quot;&lt;em&gt;It's more of a boys' thing (than a girls')&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in the sense of &quot;&lt;em&gt;It's one of those things that boys are far more likely to take an interest in than girls&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, in French the almost literally translated phrase &quot;&lt;em&gt;C’est un truc de garçon / fille / Japonais / etc&lt;/em&gt;&quot; perfectly works -- with just a singular-plural difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У моего брата заветная мечта побывать во всех странах мира. Наверное, &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;чисто мужское&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, I wonder if I can say something like this with the implied &quot;занятие/дело&quot; at the end: &quot;Наверное, это чисто мужское (занятие/дело)&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As another example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Pourquoi toujours vouloir 'rivaliser'... &lt;strong&gt;c'est un truc de Japonais&lt;/strong&gt;, ça.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... which means &quot;&lt;em&gt;It's a Japanese thing&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;It's a Japanese people's thing&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;It's typical of Japanese people&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. In this case, can you say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С какой стати все всегда должно крутиться вокруг конкуренции? Наверное, &lt;strong&gt;это чисто японское&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this idea commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-06-16T20:47:57.327" LastActivityDate="2019-06-20T08:53:46.707" Title="How is the idea of &quot;it's a boys' thing&quot; naturally expressed in Russian?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;english&gt;&lt;французский&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19968" CreationDate="2019-06-16T14:47:31.287" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quite often the word &amp;quot;мальчиковое&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;мальшическое&amp;quot; (boyish) is used in such cases. The thing is that &amp;quot;чисто мужское [занятие]&amp;quot; is also used however in some cases the latter might have additional undesired pathetic connotation, that's why in some cases ironical &amp;quot;мальчиковый&amp;quot; is preferred. So it can be something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У моего брата заветная мечта побывать во всех странах мира. Наверное,&#xA;это чисто мальчиковое.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some real-life usages I've just googled:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Не натягивай сову на глобус интересы личные выше интересов общих - это чисто мальчиковое. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/begyshaya_v_dal/status/1069318189828489216&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Дабы не превращать рассказ о Моргане, в чисто мальчиковое чтиво, добавлю немного романтики. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://turbina.ru/guide/Portobelo-Panama-97663/Zametki/Panama-Portobello-Tch1-Pod-senyu-Veselogo-Rodzhera-100492/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-16T14:47:31.287" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19970" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-16T16:20:58.267" Score="4" ViewCount="134" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Tu ramènes toujours tes complexes ethniques, &lt;strong&gt;pour un oui ou pour un non&lt;/strong&gt;, dans toutes les discussions, même les plus anodines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;{literally}: &lt;em&gt;You always dredge up some complex about your ethnic origin, &lt;strong&gt;be it for a yes or a no&lt;/strong&gt;, in virtually all discussions, even of the most harmless nature.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;{more naturally}: &lt;em&gt;You always dredge up some complex about your ethnic origin &lt;strong&gt;at the drop of a hat&lt;/strong&gt; in virtually all discussions, even of the most harmless nature.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This hyperbolic expression is used to refer to someone's annoying tendency to insist on doing something with no apparent rhyme or reason, as if on a whim.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Pleurer, c'est un truc de fille à ses yeux, comme si elles avaient le droit de pleurer &lt;strong&gt;pour un oui ou pour un non&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;The way he sees it, crying is a girls' thing -- as if they had every right to shed tears &lt;strong&gt;over any little thing&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this idea commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-06-16T21:10:57.020" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T21:20:11.777" Title="Russian equivalents of the French expression &quot;pour un oui ou pour un non&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;французский&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19970" CreationDate="2019-06-16T17:25:05.900" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think &lt;em&gt;чуть что&lt;/em&gt; would fit best here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В любом разговоре, даже самом невинном, ты, чуть что, начинаешь бередить свои комплексы по поводу пятой графы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как по нём, плач — девчачья тема, им, типа, можно чуть что — и в слёзы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-16T17:25:05.900" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19972" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19962" CreationDate="2019-06-16T19:07:12.303" Score="-1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;not of the material from&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;100% Russian idiom is [не из того теста].  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хорошая из нее девушка не выйдет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Your composition sounds a bit unnatural. In this case they say&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Хорошей девушки из неё не выйдет.]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;And this it exaclty what is commonly used wording for this case.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Anyway, this wording does not give 100% meaning, that it is about girlfriend.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[хорошая девушка] litteraly means [good girl], but [good girlfriend] is the secondary meaning, which should be somehow exressed explicitly.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a problem with my Russian mentality.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I do not understand what [good girlfriend] is.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I do understand what [good wife] is, but I do not understand what [good girlfriend] is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For me #1. for [good wife] is not to fuck other men.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But I can not say, that for [good girlfriend] not to fuck other men is a requirement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we say, that for [good girlfriend] not to fuck other men is a is a requirement, then we consider that girl as future wife, and in this case, we should say if she is ok or not ok as [good wife], but not [good girlfriend].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in my meaning, [girlfriend] does not mean, that she is 100% is future wife, and therefore there is no reason to say anything on if she is good or not. The only thing that matters is if I want to have sex with her or not. If I want, she is a girlfriend, if I do not want, she is not a girlfriend.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we are going to speak about how good sex with her, it is not about [good girlfriend] [хорошая девушка], it is about [good lover] [хорошая любовница].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's think from other side.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If there is such thing as [good girlfriend], there must be such thing as [bad girlfriend].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But in my mentality [bad girlfriend]-s do not exists at all.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If I feel negative about my girlfriend she is not [bad girlfriend] is not [girlfriend] anymore, she is [ex-girlfriend].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Do you have a girlfriend?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- Yes, I do.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- Is she a good girlfriend or a bad girlfriend?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just can not imagine such a question at all.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In my Russian mentality, if the answer for the last question is [My girlfriend is a bad girlfriend] is 100% the same, as to say that [I am totally stupid idiot].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to have a girlfriend is already [good girlfirend] meaning included.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To have a [bad girlfirend] is already [i am an idiot] meaning is included.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The whole meaning to have a girlfriend is to find out if this woman can be a [good wife] or not. If it turnes out, that current girlfriend does not fit to be a [good wife], that does not mean, that she is a [bad girlfriend]. It just means, that the test of relations have failed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To test future possible marriage relations is the whole meaning of girlfriending. But the object for testing is [wifing], not [girlfriending].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;How is this idea commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not feel to use any idiom here to express this meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="12097" LastEditDate="2019-06-16T19:28:33.833" LastActivityDate="2019-06-16T19:28:33.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19962" CreationDate="2019-06-16T20:05:53.227" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Она не создана для того, чтобы быть подругой.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я бы ее не взял в подруги.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12125" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-06-16T22:27:16.373" LastActivityDate="2019-06-16T22:27:16.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19970" CreationDate="2019-06-16T20:06:28.893" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;pour un oui ou pour un non&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[По поводу и без.]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[По поводу и без.] is the short version of the full [По поводу и без повода.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;maybe it overlaps the meaning of &quot;чуть что&quot; only partially&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Чуть что] is [at the drop of a hat]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when you use [at the drop of a hat] in your translation of [pour un oui ou pour un non] I feel, that you are wrong. I can not prove it, because I do not speak any French.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/17747/&quot;&gt;How are &amp;quot;в случае чего&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;чуть что&amp;quot; nuanced?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunatelly, noone told you the truth about real difference between&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[чуть что] vs [в случае чего].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[в случае чего] means [in case of something]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[чуть что] means [in case of anything at the first slightlest sign of the case]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[чуть что] is the short version for the full [хотя бы чуть-чуть что-нибудь].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[чуть-чуть] = [the slightlest part] or ideomatically [a drop]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;[в случае чего] does not mean, that you must react at the first sigh of danger. You can wait and try to solve the problem yourself or ask someone else.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Usually by [в случае чего] they mean backup tool for solving the problem, so called Plan B.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Call me в случае чего] means [you can count on me, but I hope, that you can solve your problems yourself.]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;[чуть что] does mean, that at any even slightlest sign or evidence of problem, you must contact the sayer of this words.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Usually by [чуть что] they mean the main tool for solving the problem, so called Plan A or the Main Plan or just Plan.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[Call me чуть что] means [you must call me as your first reaction for appearence of the problem, even if there is no problem and you just felt that something is not all right.]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can we [чуть что] translate as [по поводу и без.]?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;No, of course no.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Because [чуть что] must have [повод] = [reason] = [sigh of problem].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[По поводу и без повода] reaction is allowed in any case, if there is [повод] or even there is no [reason].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[По поводу и без.] has negative feeling as in French.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[чуть что] and [в случае чего] have nothing negative, but they have some feeling of problem solving, which can be considered as positive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="12097" LastEditDate="2019-06-16T20:19:26.713" LastActivityDate="2019-06-16T20:19:26.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19968" CreationDate="2019-06-16T21:28:06.427" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С какой стати все всегда должно крутиться вокруг конкуренции? Наверное, это чисто японское.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, you can say in that way from grammatical point of view and it sounds ok.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I even would put trinity dots instead of a dot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наверное, это чисто японское...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;.. which means &quot;It's a Japanese thing&quot;, &quot;It's a Japanese people's thing&quot;, &quot;It's typical of Japanese people&quot;. In this case, can you say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian ideomatic construction for that case is [тема].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;С какой стати все всегда должно крутиться вокруг конкуренции? Наверное, это чисто японская тема.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У моего брата заветная мечта побывать во всех странах мира. Наверное, это чисто мужская тема.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У моего брата заветная мечта побывать во всех странах мира. Наверное, это чисто подростковая тема.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У моего брата заветная мечта побывать во всех странах мира. Наверное, это чисто пацанская тема.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More examples on this pattern.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Наверное, красить губы - это чисто женская тема.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Наверное, есть свежую сырую рыбу - это чисто японская тема.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Наверное, выпивать два бокала вина каждый день - это чисто французская тема.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are 2 tools of close meaning.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;They are [фишка] and [прикол].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[фишка] = [trick]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[прикол] = [joke]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, both [фишка] and [прикол] are often used as synonims and mean [mix of trick + joke] at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(A) Трахать мозг сразу после секса - это чисто женское.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most general meaning.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Creates philosophical mood.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;No judjing is expressed.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Focus on the fact without attitude.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Welcome for discussion.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Sence of [we must accept the nature of women as it is].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Sence of [you may like it or not, but it is there and just exists].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(B) Трахать мозг сразу после секса - это чисто женская тема.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rooted in (A), but [женское] does not include willing cognitive personality which might have some due to responsibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[женская тема] is about personality.&#xA;[женская тема] is included that there is someone behind this, not just general [женское].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[женская тема] corresponds to [женщина]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[женское] corresponds to [женская природа] [женское начало]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[женская тема] means they want to do it by will.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[женское] means they do it by nature, just because they are women.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[женская тема] has some sence of subjective pleasure.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is supposed, that by doing [~ тема] ~ is feeling something good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[женская тема] has some sence of self-identification.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is supposed, that by doing this, they can be identified by this.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;This is something, that clearly distigueshes them from others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(C) Трахать мозг сразу после секса - это чисто женская фишка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[женская фишка] is close to [женская тема].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[женская фишка] is a tool, is about tactics.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[женская тема] is direction, is about strategy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;To fuck men's brain just right after sex as [женская фишка] is a tool to get some present, a new car for example or 2 weeks vacation on Bali.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;To fuck men's brain just right after sex as [женская тема] is a strategic tool to keep a man under the heel in general.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(D) Трахать мозг сразу после секса - это чисто женский прикол такой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[женская фишка] is close to [женская фишка].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[женская фишка] is a tool, is about tactics and meeting some goal.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[женский прикол] is a tool, is about having fun without any exact goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;To fuck men's brain just right after sex as [женская фишка] is a tool to get some present, a new car for example or 2 weeks vacation on Bali.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;To fuck men's brain just right after sex as [женский прикол] is a tool to release some internal strain and to use a man as active listening machine, like a free of charge psycotherapist session.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just taking in account, that the meaning of your second (Japanese) example was to me also pretty discussable and arguble from philosophical, not grammatical point.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So I can say, that using this pattern [-ое/тема/фишка/прикол] is better to add [наверное] [probably] [to my optinion] [as it seams to me].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For me, it is just strange to say, that competition is [японская тема].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I'm really totaly surprised to read it.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I do know that in USA competition is very high too.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I do know that in India competition is very high too.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I do know that in China competition is very high too.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In every global megapolis with population over 3m competition is very high by default.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Therefore to say, that [competition] = 100% [японская тема] I think is a mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, in using [-ое/тема/фишка/прикол] they often add [чисто].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Есть сырую рыбу - это чисто японская тема.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пить вино за обедом - это чисто французская тема.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Обвинять во всем русских - это чисто американская тема.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the problem is, that this pattern with [чисто] was used so often, that when you say without [чисто], it is heard or meant as if you have told with [чисто].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;[Есть сырую рыбу - это японская тема.]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;means Japanese eat raw fish. But they are not the only who does.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;[Есть сырую рыбу - это чисто японская тема.]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;means only Japanese eat raw fish. And no one else does.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem is, that to Russian ear by meaning they sound the same, but of course from grammatical (or even legal documentary) they are different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's why, when you said, that travelling around the globe is [пацанская тема], my Russian brain thought [чисто пацанская тема] and therefore I had to argue, no that it not, girls do travel around the globe too and according to statistics they are major part of global travelers than men.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="12097" LastEditDate="2019-06-16T21:42:56.680" LastActivityDate="2019-06-16T21:42:56.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19959" CreationDate="2019-06-17T00:06:21.073" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I did some additional research and found very interesting pieces of evidence in the old Russian literature:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Только и всего, чемъ могъ пособствовать, что наполнилъ великое множество бочекъ хлѣбомъ ... (From a book of 1763)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Маленько любилъ выпить, вотъ только и всего, что за нимъ водилось. (From a book of 1862)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first of the two sentences above is the earliest usage of this expression in books indexed by Google, and the common pattern in these old examples is that &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;всего&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; refers to a subordinate clause. This makes perfect sense and perfectly explains the grammatical role of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;всего&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Только и всего, чем мог пособствовать. Literally: And just this is everything he could do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот только и всего, что за ним водилось. Literally: And just this is everything he had.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To verify my interpretation that &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;только и всего, что&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is a sentence with a missing verb (zero copula), I looked for and found examples in which a verb is explicitly used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вотъ теперь только и &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt; всего капиталу, што тридцать копеекъ. (From a book of 1868.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пожитковъ у него только и &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt; всего, что чемоданчикъ, да еще гитарный ящикъ. (From a book of 1847.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Всего капиталу&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; in the example above sounds very similar to &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;чашка чаю&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;тарелка супу&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and is thus apparently the partitive case, which was commonly used in the old era.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It looks like people later started omitting the subordinate clause after &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;только и всего&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; in cases where the subordinate clause was obvious from the context and thus did not need to be said. This could explain why the expression &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;только и всего&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; started being used as a complete sentence, like in the movie in which I heard this phrase. In the movie, the chief priest says &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;только и всего&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; obviously meaning &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;только и всего, что надо сделать&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My conclusion is simple: the grammatical logic of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;только и всего&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; apparently is &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;только и есть всего, что/чем...&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;and just this is everything that&lt;/em&gt; ...&amp;quot;), with &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;всего&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; being the partitive case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T06:01:30.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19959" CreationDate="2019-06-17T06:25:10.620" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Only and totally (as much)&lt;/strong&gt; looks close to literal parsing. However, &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; not necessarily means 'and' here and might work as an emphasizing &lt;em&gt;particle&lt;/em&gt;, as it often happens with Russian set expressions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T06:25:10.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19962" CreationDate="2019-06-17T06:43:55.023" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;oна тебе не пара&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this could mean both she is too good or too bad for you depending on intonation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12127" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T06:43:55.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19968" CreationDate="2019-06-17T07:58:07.570" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;there is no idiomatic phrase in Russion to express this idea. You can just say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Воевать - это мужское дело.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would be enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Many variants are possible: &quot;не плачь - это не по-мужски&quot;, &quot;Сынок играет в машинки, как всякий мальчик&quot;, &quot; ... - чисто мальчиковое&quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Each particular case needs its own translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. and yes - each of these variants is somewhat universal: &quot;... по-японски&quot;, &quot;..., как всякий японец&quot;, &quot; - чисто японское&quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-06-20T08:53:46.707" LastActivityDate="2019-06-20T08:53:46.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19980" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19943" CreationDate="2019-06-17T08:32:22.787" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It varies and depends mostly on word part splitting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &amp;quot;сообщ-ени-е&amp;quot; the ending is -е, not -ие. And you may reduce the suffix &amp;quot;ени&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;ень&amp;quot; in pronunciation without losing sense. (All word parts are present and distinguishable.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in &amp;quot;эпидем-ия&amp;quot; (loanword) - there is no suffix and the ending is &amp;quot;ия&amp;quot;. It means no reduction is possible without losing sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-11-26T19:44:40.040" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T19:44:40.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19981" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19983" CreationDate="2019-06-17T11:48:10.763" Score="11" ViewCount="3506" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary defines the verb &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;понаехать&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;наехать, приехать во множестве, в большом числе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is obviously a single meaning, not a list of different meanings, because different meanings are given in Wiktionary as a numerated list rather than a single line with commas. In Wiktionary, a single line with commas lists synonymous phrases or synonymous words to give an idea about the meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;наехать&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is given as a synonymous word, I also looked at its definition in Wiktionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;столкнуться при езде, сбить при езде&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;проехать или встать колесами на что-либо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;приехать внезапно, без предупреждения&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;пренебр.&lt;/em&gt; приехать в большом количестве, обычно вопреки желанию местных&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;жарг.&lt;/em&gt; начать оказывать давление, обычно с целью заставить выполнить какие-либо требования&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;спец. кино, видео&lt;/em&gt; при помощи трансфокатора приблизить объект съёмки; плавно перейти на более крупный план&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously, the meaning of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;наехать&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; in the definition of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;понаехать&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is the fourth meaning above, because it coincides with what is written further in the definition of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;понаехать&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, Wiktionary basically defines &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;понаехать&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; as &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;to come in big numbers&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here is the problem: Wiktionary shows conjugation of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;понаехать&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я понае́ду  понае́хал понае́хала&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты понае́дешь понае́хал понае́хала&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он понае́дет понае́хал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она понае́хала&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Оно понае́хало&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы понае́дем  понае́хали&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы понае́дете понае́хали&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они понае́дут понае́хали&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пр. действ. прош. понае́хавший&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I cannot understand is how a single person can come in big numbers. The very definition of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;понаехать&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; as it stands in Wiktionary excludes using this verb in any single person form. From the logical standpoint, only plural forms of this verb are permissible, yet single person forms are provided in the conjugation table.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did some research in Google and found that &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;понаехать&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is quite often used in single person forms, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сейчас я &lt;strong&gt;понаехал&lt;/strong&gt; в Великобританию на второй семестр и буду рассказывать и об этой стране тоже. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://medium.com/%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC-%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%BC%D1%8B-%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C/%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D0%B8-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%B2-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8-51fdbb1e2593&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This led me to suspect that the definition of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;понаехать&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; in Wiktionary is wrong. I am very much puzzled. Overall, I am confused by this crazy combination of two prefixes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: What is the precise meaning of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;понаехать&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; and who is wrong - the Wiktionary contributors who defined &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;понаехать&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; as &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;to come in big numbers&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; or people who use &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;понаехать&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; in single person forms? I am also curious how the meaning of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;понаехать&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is different from the fourth meaning of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;наехать&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; if there is any difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T21:59:34.673" Title="What is the meaning of &quot;понаехать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;&lt;prefix-по&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19982" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19981" CreationDate="2019-06-17T11:52:52.430" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Понаехать&quot; is a semi-joking verb used to describe the action of migrating somewhere where you are not welcome, like in phrase &quot;понаехали тут понимаешь!&quot;. It's usage is strictly colloquial and usually it is used in 3rd person, plural, so it's &quot;понаехали&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using it like in &quot;ну и я понаехал во Францию&quot; is even more ironic and even more colloquial. It's almost like a joke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T11:52:52.430" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19983" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19981" CreationDate="2019-06-17T12:19:56.797" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Понаехать&lt;/em&gt; here is used in the sense 4 in Wiktionary: &quot;to come in big numbers, not being welcome&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's usually used when talking of big cities, like Moscow or St. Petersburg, because that's where people go in big numbers, not being welcome by those who came into these cities in big numbers a year earlier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally, it's used in impersonal constructs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Во лимиты&amp;#x301; понаехало!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This refers to the Soviet policy of limiting unrestricted growth of big cities by setting a quota on the number of new residents who could legally settle in the city and allocating this quota to the enterprises which needed the influx of the workforce the most.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This quota policy was called &lt;em&gt;лимит прописки&lt;/em&gt; and people who matched this quota were called &lt;em&gt;лимитчики&lt;/em&gt; or, colloquially, &lt;em&gt;лимита&amp;#x301;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By definition, you alone cannot some in big numbers, that's why it's not normally used with singular personal subjects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the usage of &lt;em&gt;понаехал&lt;/em&gt; with a personal singular subject, or when talking about small groups of people, is ironic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я понаехал в Москву&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;literally means &quot;I came to Moscow in big numbers, being unwelcome&quot;, however it's understood to actually mean just &quot;I moved to Moscow&quot; or other place lots of people are moving to, usually not being especially welcome and having to overcome obstacles on their way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-06-17T15:35:16.980" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T15:35:16.980" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19987" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19981" CreationDate="2019-06-17T20:48:17.037" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;To extend the other answers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can use &lt;strong&gt;понаехать&lt;/strong&gt; in the singular when the subject denotes a group of people (собирательные существительные):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Деревенский люд понаехал.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Татарва понаехала.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Быдло понаехало.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T20:48:17.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19970" CreationDate="2019-06-17T21:20:11.777" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ни с того, ни с сего&lt;/a&gt; 'without a reason, on a whim'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T21:20:11.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19989" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20005" CreationDate="2019-06-17T21:40:45.030" Score="4" ViewCount="707" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some time ago a Russian academic visitor told me that there are no &quot;normal&quot; Russian words with the syllable &lt;strong&gt;кы&lt;/strong&gt;. He said that the only words with the syllable &lt;strong&gt;кы&lt;/strong&gt; are proper names given by non-Russian ethnic groups as well as  similarly exceptional words such as rarely used borrowed words for some unique non-Russian stuff. He added that although Russians can sometimes say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кыш&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; when they accidentally encounter a bear in a forest, the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кыш&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is a single three-letter syllable and thus does not count as containing the syllable &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кы&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the conversation, I performed research in Google and got really puzzled: I found neither &quot;normal&quot; Russian words with the syllable &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кы&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; nor explanations for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I cannot see any obvious reason for the syllable &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кы&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; being nonexistent. The letters &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt; are not rarely used at all and are the 11th and 17th most freuqently used Russian letters, respectively, with the Russian alphabet containing 33 letters in total. The letter &lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt; is contained even in most basic pronouns - &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ты&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; &quot;&lt;strong&gt;мы&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;вы&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; I can easily find many words with two-letter syllables ending with &lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;дыня&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;пузыри&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;бычара&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;лыжи&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ныкать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;пырять&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;сычиный&lt;/strong&gt;, and so on. Although there are apparently no words with &lt;strong&gt;жы&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;шы&lt;/strong&gt;, the´latter two syllables are simply prohibited by the well-known orthography rule that prescribes writing them as &lt;strong&gt;жи&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;ши&lt;/strong&gt;, and I am not aware of any similar orthography rule prohibiting &lt;strong&gt;кы&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not see any phonetics-related reason either, as the syllable &lt;strong&gt;кы&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced without any difficulties. At least Turkic people have no difficulties pronouncing it, as can be evidenced by their languages. For example, a girl in Turkish is &lt;strong&gt;kız&lt;/strong&gt; (кыз), which is one of the most frequently used Turkish words. The Turkish word for &quot;red&quot; is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;kırmızı&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (кырмызы). Some Russian geographic names of Turkic origin are written with the syllable &lt;strong&gt;кы&lt;/strong&gt;, e.g., &lt;strong&gt;Кызыл&lt;/strong&gt;, which is a city in Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At some point I thought that the reason for the nonexistence of the syllable &lt;strong&gt;кы&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian &#xA;might be that this syllable &#xA;sounds very similar to some frequently used Russian syllable and is replaced by it to avoid phonetic nuances, &#xA;but later I dismissed this idea. Perhaps the closest syllable is &lt;strong&gt;ки&lt;/strong&gt;, but &#xA;it sounds differently enough to be easily distinguished from &lt;strong&gt;кы&lt;/strong&gt;. At least &#xA;the Turks actively use both &lt;strong&gt;kı&lt;/strong&gt; (кы) and &lt;strong&gt;ki&lt;/strong&gt; (ки) in their language. For example, &quot;two&quot; &#xA;in Turkish is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;iki&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (ики), and I gave a couple of examples with &lt;strong&gt;kı&lt;/strong&gt; in the paragraph above (&lt;strong&gt;kız&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;kırmızı&lt;/strong&gt;). &#xA;After all, if the Russians found it hard to distingsuish between &lt;strong&gt;кы&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;ки&lt;/strong&gt;, &#xA;they would probably say and write &quot;&lt;strong&gt;киш&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; instead of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кыш&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: Are there any &quot;normal&quot; Russian words with the syllable кы, and what is the mysterious reason for their nonexistence or being very few?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess that in order to make my question well-defined, I have to define a &quot;normal&quot; word, but it is pretty hard, so I have to appeal to your common sense. A &quot;normal&quot; word is not highly special and, in particular, is not extremely rarely used, is not a proper name of non-Russian origin or its derivative, is not a highly specialized jargon or slang word, is not a rare borrowed word for some unique foreign stuff, etc. A &quot;normal&quot; word is contained in standard dictionaries, is recognized by linguists as a part of the Russian language, is known to almost every Russian, etc. I humbly hope that you get the idea what is a &quot;normal&quot; word. I am especially interested to see Russian words of Slavic origin with the syllable &quot;&lt;strong&gt;кы&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-19T19:52:35.680" LastActivityDate="2019-06-20T08:53:34.837" Title="Are there any common words with the syllable &quot;кы&quot;?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;&lt;согласные&gt;&lt;vowel&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19992" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19989" CreationDate="2019-06-17T22:53:16.737" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference between &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt; after consonants in Russian is not phonematic, and neither is the difference between palatalized and non-palatalized &lt;em&gt;к, г, х&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can probably find some degenerate minimal pairs for the latter, like &lt;em&gt;тот кот / то ткёт&lt;/em&gt;, or aforementioned &lt;em&gt;киш / кыш&lt;/em&gt; for that matter, but that's about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Old Russian did have &lt;em&gt;кы, гы, хы&lt;/em&gt; and didn't have &lt;em&gt;ки, ги, хи&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the fall of the reduced vowels, Russian phonology had a major paradigm shift: vowel quality (front or back) stopped being a distinctive feature, and this role moved to the preceding consonant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, pairs like &lt;em&gt;мал / мял&lt;/em&gt; are pronounced differently not because they have a different vowel, but because they have different consonants before it. &lt;em&gt;А&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt; are allophones of the same phoneme, and &lt;em&gt;м&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;мь&lt;/em&gt; are two different phonemes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So now that front and back vowels are not distinct phonemes anymore, Russian had to settle on a way to pronounce &lt;em&gt;к, г, х&lt;/em&gt;, which didn't have a phonematic distinction between soft and hard varieties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike &lt;em&gt;ш, щ, ч, ц&lt;/em&gt; (which are either always soft or always hard), &lt;em&gt;к, г, х&lt;/em&gt; became soft before &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt; and hard before &lt;em&gt;а, о, у&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know why exactly that happened (vowels shaping the rendition of &lt;em&gt;к, г, х&lt;/em&gt; and not the other way around), but for some reason it did.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-06-20T08:53:34.837" LastActivityDate="2019-06-20T08:53:34.837" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19989" CreationDate="2019-06-17T22:58:23.960" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You will also hardly find &lt;em&gt;гы&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;хы&lt;/em&gt; syllables. The common quality of these phonemes is that к, г, х are &lt;em&gt;заднеязычные согласные&lt;/em&gt; and they followed the same patterns of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=3&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwiTiML12vLiAhWZQkEAHeLhBl4QFjACegQIARAB&amp;amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPhonological_change&amp;amp;usg=AOvVaw11m1GHBZyf9vkPI2tahM5o&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;phonological changes&lt;/a&gt; as they (the changes) happened in Old Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently, about a thousand years ago the situation was quite different:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dspace.kpfu.ru/xmlui/bitstream/handle/net/22162/10_156_001006.pdf?sequence=1&amp;amp;isAllowed=y&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The full PDF is here&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unfortunately, some formatting has been lost, the 'ять' letter is shown as '  h ' with spaces around it, etc.&#xA;This can hopefully be fixed but I have no time to investigate at the moment. It is recommended to read the original PDF document instead.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;    2. История заднеязычных согласных. &#xA;    а) Заднеязычные согласные долго оставались в стороне от процесса фор-&#xA;мирования корреляции по твердости-мягкости. Древнейшим фонетическим из-&#xA;менением в этом направлении было изменение сочетаний [кы, гы, хы] в [ки, ги,&#xA;хи]. Сочетания заднеязычных не только с [ы], но и с [и] стали возможны после&#xA;утраты редуцированных. В северных говорах сочетания ки, ги, хи были воз-&#xA;можны и в древнерусский период. В новгородских берестяных грамотах написания&#xA;с кы, гы, хы встречаются только в церковных текстах [пакы, но: не моги].&#xA;Первые примеры замен кы, гы, хы на ки, ги, хи обнаруживаются на юге в XII в.:&#xA;великии (Юрьев.ев. 1120 г.); никии, секира (Добр.ев. 1164 г.); на западе с XIII в.:&#xA;княгини, лихии (Гр. 1229 г.); на северо-востоке с XIV в. (Переяслав.ев. 1354 г.,&#xA;Москов.ев. 1358 г., ЛЛ 1377 г.).&#xA;   Процесс смягчения шел с юга и постепенно стал общерусским. В нем в&#xA;известной степени отразилась общая тенденция консонантизма к выравниванию.&#xA;К этому времени все согласные кроме к, г, х в результате вторичного смягчения&#xA;имели соотносительные пары, и только заднеязычные оставались вне корреляции &#xA;по твердости-мягкости. Кроме того, в древнерусском языке были представлены&#xA;заимствования типа: ангел, кипарис, евангелие, где имели место сочетания&#xA;заднеязычных с гласными переднего ряда. Это обстоятельство также могло оказать&#xA;определенное влияние на этот процесс.&#xA;    Как известно, заднеязычные согласные по закону слогового сингармонизма&#xA;не могли находиться перед гласными переднего ряда. В этом положении они уже&#xA;в праславянский период изменялись либо в мягкие шипящие (I палат.), либо &#xA;в мягкие свистящие (II палат.). Аналогичное изменение происходило и в случаях,&#xA;когда заднеязычные испытывали воздействие со стороны *j (j-овая палат.).&#xA;    Если результаты I палатализации в современном русском языке сохранились,&#xA;то рефлексы II палатализации были в основном устранены. Они представлены&#xA;единичными случаями в корнях слов: цена, целый, цеп, цедить, зело, серый,&#xA;седой и др. В древнерусском языке результаты II палатализации отражены:&#xA;а) в корнях; б) в формах словоизменения (в существительных – друзи, послуси,&#xA;ученици; на ноз h , въ руц h ; в глаголах – помози, рьц h те).&#xA;    Почему произошла утрата результатов II палатализации? Предпосылки &#xA;к устранению чередований к/ц, г/з, х/с были заложены в природе восточнославянских&#xA;языков:&#xA;    II палатализация отсутствовала в некоторых древнерусских говорах&#xA;(древненовгородских и псковских). Здесь заднеязычные могли находиться в одном &#xA;слоге с гласными переднего ряда: къ Лук h , у влдк h , по велик h д(ни) и др.&#xA;Современные диалектные материалы показывают, что следов II палатализации нет и&#xA;в ряде корневых морфем, напр.диал.: кедилка, кеп, квет, квел. На основании&#xA;приведенных данных В.В. Колесов делает следующее заключение:&#xA;«…у восточных славян (может быть, не на всей территории) возникли условия,&#xA;препятствовавшие последовательному завершению II палатализации заднеязычных».&#xA;    Таким образом, по крайней мере в отдельных говорах, появляется возможность&#xA;сочетания заднеязычных согласных с гласными и, [ě] дифтонгического происхождения. &#xA;    С другой стороны, сохранение заднеязычных при склонении обеспечивало единый&#xA;облик основы во всей парадигме. А в системе любого языка заложена тенденция к&#xA;выравниванию основы в пределах парадигмы. Таким образом, эта диалектная особенность&#xA;оказалась созвучной общерусской тенденции к выравниванию основы. Поэтому чередования&#xA;заднеязычных со свистящими полностью исчезли в грамматических формах. Это произошло&#xA;к XIV - XV вв.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-06-18T09:22:07.743" LastActivityDate="2019-06-18T09:22:07.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19981" CreationDate="2019-06-17T23:26:06.677" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;The colloquial &lt;em&gt;пона-&lt;/em&gt; prefix, in general, describes something done to excess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Понастроили домов! — Too many houses have been built!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Понапокупали прав! — Too many people have bribed their way to a driving license without bothering to learn the road rules!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Понапривозили хлама! — Too much junk has been brought in!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2019-06-17T23:26:06.677" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19981" CreationDate="2019-06-18T11:10:22.623" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native speaker, I can tell you for sure that &quot;я понаехал&quot; is a broken language and I don't recommend you to say that. Some people might use it jokingly or not, but it just sounds very uneducated. Mind you, even native speakers might not know how to speak properly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary conjugations of &quot;понаехать&quot; for &quot;Я&quot;, &quot;Ты&quot;, &quot;Он&quot;, &quot;Она&quot;, &quot;Оно&quot; are wrong. They are technically correctly spelled but the verb &quot;понаехать&quot; can not be used together with these pronouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only proper use of this phrase is plural, like &quot;понаехали тут&quot; or &quot;народу понаехало&quot;. You always use it in the third person, even if you're indirectly implying the meaning to a particular person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that &quot;понаехали тут&quot; is a vulgar phrase and phrases like &quot;народу понаехало&quot; sound quite rural. If you use them in the company of people who have never seen you before, it will not make a good first impression. It's much safer, if you're trying to be funny among your friends, for example, and this kind of humor is up to their liking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12134" LastEditorUserId="12134" LastEditDate="2019-06-18T11:17:20.617" LastActivityDate="2019-06-18T11:17:20.617" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19996" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="19997" CreationDate="2019-06-18T14:47:06.790" Score="1" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am quite a beginner, and I am studying Russian language by myself.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Currently I am trying to learn by translating some fairy tale from Народные русские сказки, by Афанасьев.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is this one fairy tale in which a fox says&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Шню, шню, бычок, соломенный бочок! Сани чужие, хомут не свой, погоняй — не стой!»  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What does &quot;шню&quot; mean?&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, if you could tell me also the correct translation of the whole sentence, it would be great!  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If anyone is interested, the title of the fairy tale is &quot;За лапоток — курочку, за курочку — гусочку&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12136" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T08:15:07.340" Title="What is the meaning of &quot;Шню&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19996" CreationDate="2019-06-18T15:45:58.873" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've never come across this interjection/exclamation, but judging by the context it's a word of spurring/speeding a draft animal much like &lt;strong&gt;giddyup, hyah, hait&lt;/strong&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most known such Russian word is &lt;strong&gt;Но!&lt;/strong&gt; which is / used to be said to spur a horse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Of course that's a matter of personal taste, but i wouldn't start learning English from Shakespear or Chinese from Book of Songs, just because they're written in an archaic (or dialectal) language. I believe a more natural course would be the opposite - from modern and standard language to archaic and dialectal&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-06-18T15:51:54.210" LastActivityDate="2019-06-18T15:51:54.210" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19981" CreationDate="2019-06-18T17:32:05.633" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's perfectly fine (though colloquial and humorous) to use &quot;понаехать&quot; with singular subject and it doesn't conflict with &quot;to come in big numbers, not being welcome&quot; sense. You're simply attributing that subject to part of those &quot;big numbers&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;я понаехал &amp;lt;куда-либо&gt;&quot; = &quot;I came  uninvited, just like pretty much everyone else&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="235" LastActivityDate="2019-06-18T17:32:05.633" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="19999" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20004" CreationDate="2019-06-18T18:24:24.433" Score="4" ViewCount="1062" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am puzzled by the Russian phrase &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;я считаю, что&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; which is used very frequently. I know that an approximate translation is &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;I think that&lt;/em&gt;,&amp;quot; but I strongly feel that there is some special idea, concept, or connotation behind the original phrase and that the translation &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;I think that&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; does not really grasp it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am especially interested to learn the difference between &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;я считаю, что&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;я думаю, что&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; since the latter phrase is the literal Russian translation of &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;I think that&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;quot; I vaguely recall a teacher of mine explaining the difference between the following two phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думаю, что он потратил много денег.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я считаю, что он потратил много денег.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My recollection may be wrong, but is that the first sentence is a guess about how much money the person spent, and that the second sentence is rather a comment on an already known amount of spent money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary defines &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;считать&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; as &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;иметь мнение&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;to have an opinion&amp;quot;), but I am highly unsure whether this definition is precise. For instance, I remember the following phrase from a dialogue I had to learn:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я считаю, что ты мне не подходишь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that dialogue this phrase is said by a girl to a guy, and the context is a date. At least in that dialogue, the sentence looked like a firm final decision rather than an opinion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am very curious how the native Russian speakers can explain &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;я считаю, что&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: What explanation of &amp;quot;я считаю, что&amp;quot; could you give to help me fully understand this phrase both consciously and on the emotional level?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-09-16T07:00:36.263" Title="What is the precise meaning of &quot;я считаю, что&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19999" CreationDate="2019-06-18T18:50:11.600" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Wiktionary explanation is correct albeit not clear enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я думаю, что он потратил много денег. - I think he's spent a lot of money (but i'm not sure if he has OR don't really know how much)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я считаю, что он потратил много денег. - In my opinion/view &lt;strong&gt;||&lt;/strong&gt; I reckon that he's spent a lot of money (I know how much he's spent and in my opinion that's a lot)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-06-18T18:50:11.600" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20001" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20002" CreationDate="2019-06-18T19:20:36.293" Score="4" ViewCount="195" Body="&lt;p&gt;We were having a conversation in French, and I was wondering how I'd express the same idea in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Tu es sans pitié, dis-moi... En même temps, elle n’aurait pas autant envie de nous rattraper si on &lt;strong&gt;n&lt;/strong&gt;’était &lt;strong&gt;que douceur&lt;/strong&gt; avec elle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;{literally}: &lt;em&gt;You give her no quarter. Then again, if we were &lt;strong&gt;nothing but sweetness/gentleness&lt;/strong&gt; towards her, (she would just content herself with the current 'her' without looking to improve herself and) she wouldn't be so keen on catching up with us.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;{more naturally}: &lt;em&gt;You give her no quarter. Then again, if we were &lt;strong&gt;treating&lt;/strong&gt; her &lt;strong&gt;with kid gloves&lt;/strong&gt; all the time, she wouldn't be so keen on catching up with us.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The context is: &quot;&lt;em&gt;In training the residents at our hospital, we can't afford to be constantly indulgent and lenient towards them, as if we don't have an ounce of strictness in us. Little pep talks here and there wouldn't go amiss.&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Строить&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;изображать из себя&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;саму&lt;/strong&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;любезность&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; sprang to mind as its Russian equivalent. But I wonder if this is closer to &quot;&lt;em&gt;be all sweetness and light&lt;/em&gt;&quot;? – which is used when someone behaves in an overly pleasant and friendly manner that doesn't seem genuine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this idea commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-06-18T20:45:09.323" LastActivityDate="2019-06-18T20:45:09.323" Title="How is the idea of &quot;treat X with kid gloves&quot; naturally expressed in Russian?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;english&gt;&lt;французский&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20001" CreationDate="2019-06-18T19:29:11.850" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;A number of ways&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A very colloquial and a little dismissive verb &lt;strong&gt;сюсюкать&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если бы мы с ней всё время &lt;strong&gt;сюсюкали&lt;/strong&gt;, она не стремилась бы подтянуться&#xA;  до нашего уровня&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;an idiom &lt;strong&gt;пылинки сдувать&lt;/strong&gt; or a little contemptuous idiom &lt;strong&gt;заносить хвосты&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если бы мы только и делали, что &lt;strong&gt;сдували с неё пылинки / заносили ей&#xA;  хвосты&lt;/strong&gt;, она не стремилась бы подтянуться до нашего уровня&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;an expression &lt;strong&gt;во всём потакать&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если бы мы ей &lt;strong&gt;во всём потакали&lt;/strong&gt;, она не стремилась бы подтянуться&#xA;  до нашего уровня&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a slang idiom &lt;strong&gt;быть белым и пушистым&lt;/strong&gt; (c кем-л.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если бы мы с ней всё время &lt;strong&gt;были&lt;/strong&gt; (только) &lt;strong&gt;белыми и пушистыми&lt;/strong&gt;, она не&#xA;  стремилась бы подтянуться до нашего уровня&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your variant is legit, only falls rather on a bookish side. It can have a form of &lt;strong&gt;быть сама любезность&lt;/strong&gt; if it's not a feigning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Будь&lt;/strong&gt; мы с ней &lt;strong&gt;сама любезность&lt;/strong&gt;, она не стремилась бы подтянуться до&#xA;  нашего уровня&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-06-18T20:12:42.993" LastActivityDate="2019-06-18T20:12:42.993" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19999" CreationDate="2019-06-18T21:21:38.750" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я думаю, что ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have not come to any position yet.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I see, that there are options of possible positions and each position has its arguments, but I have not studied and have not verified them yet to say to myself that position X is really true and the rest are false.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я считаю, что ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have come to some position already.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I see, that there are options of possible positions and each position has its arguments, and I have studied them and have verified them to say to myself that position X is really true and the rest are false.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I do understand, that my choice might be wrong, but I have to choose some position and after studying them all I have chosen position X.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;If some new strong arguments arrive I might change my position, but for current set of arguments and information I am ready to fight and protect my chosen position X.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastActivityDate="2019-06-18T21:21:38.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19999" CreationDate="2019-06-18T23:50:07.667" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In her book &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ddaSCgAAQBAJ&amp;amp;lpg=PA171&amp;amp;ots=4pQOj5X9XN&amp;amp;dq=%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%B2%20%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;pg=PA169#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%B2%20%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Русская семантика в типологической перспективе&quot;. Глава II &quot;Русская семантика в лексикографическом аспекте&quot;, 7. Глагол &lt;em&gt;считать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wikiwand.com/ru/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Анна Зализняк&lt;/a&gt; dedicated several pages to the verb &lt;em&gt;считать&lt;/em&gt; in this particular &lt;em&gt;opinion&lt;/em&gt; sense of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пересказывать содержание здесь, пожалуй, бессмысленно. Изложить его по-английски - слишком тяжёлый труд для меня. &#xA;С другой стороны, &quot;ответ&quot; должен содержать хоть какой-то ответ, поэтому в двух словах: &lt;code&gt;думать&lt;/code&gt; - обозначает &lt;code&gt;мнение-предположение&lt;/code&gt;, в то время как &lt;code&gt;считать&lt;/code&gt; - обозначает &lt;code&gt;мнение-оценку&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;I do recommend to read the whole section under the link above as it covers the topic in great detail (or, better, read the whole book) )&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-06-19T17:54:16.963" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T17:54:16.963" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19989" CreationDate="2019-06-19T03:23:46.013" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;After a couple of days of thinking over it all I have finally decided to put down the whole story of &lt;strong&gt;кы, гы, хы&lt;/strong&gt; the way I understand it. My story will begin with what the &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/19992/1236&quot;&gt;answer by Quassnoi&lt;/a&gt; begins, with some additions, but then it will continue, from the point when Quassnoi stopped. It will be long, it will require &lt;em&gt;close&lt;/em&gt; reading, and it will be very informative and thought-provoking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From now on, I will use the following notation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Actual spelling  |  IPA&#xA;________________________&#xA; &#xA;кы               |  kɨ&#xA;гы               |  gɨ&#xA;хы               |  xɨ&#xA;________________________&#xA;&#xA;ки               |  kʲi&#xA;ги               |  gʲi&#xA;хи               |  xʲi&#xA;&#xA;Phonemes are in slanted brackets: /k, g, x/&#xA;Sounds   are in square brackets:  [k, g, x]&#xA;Letters  are in angular brackets: &amp;lt;к, г, х&amp;gt;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The earliest attestation of the Slavic languages in writing knew only &lt;strong&gt;&amp;lt;кы, гы, хы&amp;gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, since the then Slavic dialects did not have the distinction between palatalized and non-palatalized /k, g, x/, they had only non-palatalized variants, so no &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;и&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; could follow them, since &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;и&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; could follow only palatalized consonants, moreover, no front vowel at all could follow them, since all the front vowels caused the palatalization of the preceding consonant. Funny to note, but in the Old Russian, such modern Russian words as &lt;em&gt;Киев&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;русский&lt;/em&gt; were spelled as &lt;strong&gt;Кыѥвъ&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;роуськый&lt;/strong&gt;, that is with &lt;strong&gt;&amp;lt;кы&amp;gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, in the 9th century, there appeared Slavic translations of the Bible which contained Greek words which had no Slavic equivalents, and which had front vowels following /k, g, x/ which, naturally, made them sound palatalized [kʲ, gʲ, xʲ]:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кѵпарисъ [kʲ] &amp;quot;cypress&amp;quot;, from Greek κυπάρισσος&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ангєлъ [gʲ] &amp;quot;angel&amp;quot;, from Greek ἄγγελος&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;хитонъ [xʲ] &amp;quot;tunic, clothes&amp;quot;, from Greek χιτών&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This change was so revolutionary that in the first Slavic alphabet, Glagolitic, even a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glagolitic_script#Characteristics&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;special letter&lt;/a&gt; for [gʲ] was introduced:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/epprW.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/epprW.png&quot; alt=&quot;Glagolitic letter G'ervi&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Starting with this point in time, we can single out three stages of the co-existence of the velar sounds [k, g, x] with the vowel sounds [i, ɨ]:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;First, only the combinations &lt;strong&gt;[kɨ, gɨ, xɨ]&lt;/strong&gt; existed, there were neither combinations &lt;strong&gt;[kʲi, gʲi, xʲi]&lt;/strong&gt;, nor did sounds &lt;strong&gt;[kʲ, gʲ, xʲ]&lt;/strong&gt; existed at all.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Then, there still existed the combinations &lt;strong&gt;[kɨ, gɨ, xɨ]&lt;/strong&gt;, but there were also the combinations &lt;strong&gt;[kʲi, gʲi, xʲi]&lt;/strong&gt;, and also the sounds &lt;strong&gt;[kʲ, gʲ, xʲ]&lt;/strong&gt; could appear before other front vowels, mostly in borrowed words, e.g. &lt;em&gt;кедръ&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;евангєліє&lt;/em&gt;, etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Then, &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; the combinations &lt;strong&gt;[kɨ, gɨ, xɨ]&lt;/strong&gt; changed into &lt;strong&gt;[kʲi, gʲi, xʲi]&lt;/strong&gt;, and the combinations &lt;strong&gt;[kɨ, gɨ, xɨ] (&amp;lt;кы, гы, хы&amp;gt;)&lt;/strong&gt; ceased to exist.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the historic time-line, the edge between stages 2. and 3. coincides with the fundamental structural change in the phonology of Old Russian which was caused by the so called &lt;em&gt;fall of the extra-short (reduced) vowels ŭ and ĭ&lt;/em&gt; (Ru. &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;падение редуцированных &lt;strong&gt;ъ&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;ь&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;), a dramatic phonological loss of the two vowels which began in the times of the Common Slavic language and ended in the 11th-12th centuries for Old Russian, with some of its northern dialects having the process finished as late as the 13th century. The two extra-short vowels &amp;quot;fell&amp;quot; in &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; the Slavic languages about the same time, but with different results which nevertheless changed the phonological inventories of all the Slavic languages and also changed the structure of the syllable in all of them. In Russian, the most obvious result of the &lt;em&gt;fall&lt;/em&gt; is the seemingly inexplicable loss of the root vowel in the Nom. vs. Gen. case forms of some nouns, like &lt;em&gt;день – дня&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;сон – сна&lt;/em&gt;, but this otherwise fascinating story is no way in the focus our present discussion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;During all these three stages, the &lt;em&gt;sounds&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;[k, g x]&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;[kʲ, gʲ, xʲ]&lt;/strong&gt; were &lt;em&gt;positionally&lt;/em&gt; conditioned, i.e. it was the following vowel that defined which of the variants, palatalized or non-palatalized, is used in the given word. That was because the two series of &lt;em&gt;sounds&lt;/em&gt; in fact realized just the single series of the velar consonantal &lt;em&gt;phonemes&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;/k, g, x/&lt;/strong&gt; that had &lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt; such a differentiating feature as &lt;em&gt;palatalized&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;non-palatalized&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the &lt;em&gt;sounds&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;[i]&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;[ɨ]&lt;/strong&gt;, their story was different. Earlier, they used to be the realizations of the two different &lt;em&gt;phonemes&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;/i/&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;/ɨ/&lt;/strong&gt;, but at the edge between stages 2. and 3. these two &lt;em&gt;phonemes&lt;/em&gt; merged into one, so that the &lt;em&gt;sounds&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;[i]&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;[ɨ]&lt;/strong&gt; began to represent a single &lt;em&gt;phoneme&lt;/em&gt;, and the difference between them became &lt;em&gt;positionally&lt;/em&gt; conditioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phonetically&lt;/em&gt;, this difference was realized so that [i] was possible only after palatalized &lt;em&gt;sounds&lt;/em&gt;, and [ɨ] only after non-palatalized &lt;em&gt;sounds&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But! Now, the choice between [i] and [ɨ] became a phonological one. In the phonological sense the choice between [i] and [ɨ] began to be determined &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; by the degree of palatalization of the consonant &lt;em&gt;sound&lt;/em&gt; after which the [i] or [ɨ] appears, but by the characteristics of the consonant &lt;em&gt;phoneme&lt;/em&gt; after which [i] or [ɨ] appears – after a palatalized or non-palatalized one. After a &amp;quot;palatalized&amp;quot; phoneme there's [i], after a &amp;quot;non-palatalized&amp;quot; phoneme there's [ɨ].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And also, there is the position at the beginning of the word, and also the position after phonemes lacking the differentiating feature &amp;quot;palatalized vs. non-palatalized&amp;quot;, that is after /ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, ts, j/ and also /k, g, x/. So here we again have three positions which the &lt;em&gt;phoneme&lt;/em&gt; /i/ can take:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;After a &amp;quot;palatalized&amp;quot; consonantal phoneme.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;After a &amp;quot;non-palatalized&amp;quot; consonantal phoneme.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;After a unit lacking both of those features.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In position 1., /i/ could be realized only as [i].&#xA;In position 2., /i/ could be realized only as [ɨ].&#xA;And only in position 3. /i/ could be realized as either [i] or [ɨ]. In most cases, in position 3., the phoneme /i/ was realized as [i], and only after /k, g, x/ it was possible for /i/ to be realized as [ɨ], too. So here phonology won over phonetics, and &lt;em&gt;the only&lt;/em&gt; outcome of that collision was the choice of &lt;em&gt;only&lt;/em&gt; [i] after /k, g, x/, which, in its turn, made /k, g, x/ before [i] turn into [kʲ, gʲ, xʲ].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is it, the end. You wanted to have it, here it is. A story of the life of some of the utmostly abstract entities humans ever invented, the phonemes. No actual proofs, just logic and common sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bV6kIuW3ZLJVX02-aaKtBNgqyuoGoxYX/view?usp=sharing&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;:  Касаткин Л.Л., «Современная русская диалектная и литературная фонетика как источник для истории русского языка», М., Наука, 1999&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pages about &lt;strong&gt;кы&lt;/strong&gt; are 194–197, but pages 192–193 can also be of interest for you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T03:23:46.013" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20006" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19989" CreationDate="2019-06-19T06:48:54.070" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are no inherited native Slavic words in modern Russian with кы because the sound changes prevent this. But there are also no native Slavic words with ф or starting with a-.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Today one can probably expect words with кы among borrowings from Turkic languages, including geographic names or among onomatopoeias.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, &quot;кыпчак&quot; but it can be alternatively spelled &quot;кипчак&quot;. Notice, the word has syllable кып rather than кы but I assume the original poster had in mind sequence ки rather than exactly a syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2019-06-20T06:35:16.643" LastActivityDate="2019-06-20T06:35:16.643" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19981" CreationDate="2019-06-19T07:22:24.590" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not know why your dictionary does not include the following meaning for наехать: to move(by transport) oneselves onto one place. For instance: на ярмарку наехало много продавцов из окрестных деревень.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, понаехать adds repeatedness to this. Thus already repeated action gets additional repeating prefix. This can be understood as different sets of people наехали. For instance, people of several different ethnicities or occupations separately (each ethnicity/occupation independently of others) наехали (collected themselves) in a certain place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2019-06-19T13:38:59.620" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T13:38:59.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19999" CreationDate="2019-06-19T07:51:34.383" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yuo may consider this translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я считаю, что он потратил много денег.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've &lt;strong&gt;came to conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;, that he spent to much money&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning is that opinion is not emotional, but it is a result of some reasoning&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T07:51:34.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17775" CreationDate="2019-06-19T08:17:13.960" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;History of this word is closly connected to history of science in Russia. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first &quot;true scientist&quot; in Russia was Lomonosov (1711-1765, scientific activity strated at 1740). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian Academy of Science was established by Peter I in 1724. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This are good reference dates to start with. I believe that Peter I was the man who introduced this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T08:17:13.960" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17537" CreationDate="2019-06-19T08:47:40.787" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Когда речь идет о случайной встрече, обычно используются глаголы:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;натолкнуться (разг.),&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;наткнуться (разг.),&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пересечься (реже, но все же, кажется, возможно),&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;повстречаться (обычно в сказках или литературе в общем).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8249" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T08:47:40.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20013" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20015" CreationDate="2019-06-19T16:33:12.867" Score="2" ViewCount="280" Body="&lt;p&gt;Playing gomokunarabe on an international server, I saw a couple of Russian players saying &quot;&lt;strong&gt;выиграть его&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; and the intended meaning apparently was &quot;&lt;em&gt;to win against him&lt;/em&gt;&quot; as far as could judge from the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I got puzzled, because I had been taught that the correct way to say &quot;&lt;em&gt;to win against him&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;выиграть у него&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did some research in Google and found that the preposition &quot;&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is indeed frequently omitted:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Впервые ХК «Сахалин» &lt;strong&gt;выиграл соперника&lt;/strong&gt; всухую. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://astv.ru/news/sport/44652&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) Мирза Абдуллабеков боролся в категории 66 кг, представлял Республику Беларусь. В 1/8 финала &lt;strong&gt;выиграл соперника&lt;/strong&gt; из Италии, в ¼ &lt;strong&gt;выиграл американца&lt;/strong&gt;, в ½ встретился с французом, которому проиграл. За бронзовую медаль &lt;strong&gt;выиграл борца&lt;/strong&gt; из Польши. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://urkarakh.ru/mirza-abdullabekov-vyigral-bronzu-na-chempionate-po-grepplingu-v-baku&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) В финале весовой категории 75 кг осетинский борец &lt;strong&gt;выиграл соперника&lt;/strong&gt; из США Брэдли Гиллума со счетом 11:0. &#xA;  (&lt;a href=&quot;http://region15.ru/kantemir-suanov-stal-pobeditelem-ii-vsemirnyh-igr-boevyh-iskusstv-sredi-shkolnikov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(4) Я &lt;strong&gt;выиграл соперника&lt;/strong&gt; в честном бою один на один, а не 30 на одного, когда они напали на автобус. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sport-express.ru/martial/mma/news/nurmagomedov-rasskazal-gde-ego-chempionskiy-poyas-1467233/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is obvious that these examples are not typos. These sentences are from various sport articles, and Sentence (1) is even an article title. Sentence (4) is from the central Russian sport newspaper &lt;em&gt;Sport Express&lt;/em&gt;. I also found really many similar examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I asked one of my teachers about this, and he said that &quot;&lt;strong&gt;выиграть кого-то&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; means &quot;&lt;em&gt;to win someone as a prize&lt;/em&gt;.&quot; He insisted that the only grammatical way to say &quot;&lt;em&gt;to win against someone&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;выиграть у кого-то&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; But I did not show him any examples from sport articles, because I did not want to make him feel that I doubt the validity of his words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also found the following example in Google:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5) Ты &lt;strong&gt;выиграл женщину&lt;/strong&gt;, а я ничего. Чего тебе еще надо? (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.britishroad.com/books/detective/index.shtml?37_38&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently, this sentence is about winning a woman as a prize, not about winning against a woman.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am so much confused. It looks like either many Russian journalists do not speak their own language properly or I was taught wrongly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: Is it correct to say &quot;выиграть соперника&quot; if the intended meaning is &quot;to win against the opponent&quot;?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If yes, I want a reference to some reputable grammar source that explicitly allows omitting the preposition &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; in such phrases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If no, I would like to know how it is that so many Russian journalists use that phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-06-19T16:45:42.973" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T17:42:48.627" Title="&quot;Выиграть соперника&quot;: Is it correct, or why do many journalists write in this way?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20014" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20013" CreationDate="2019-06-19T17:02:33.317" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically speaking, it's not correct, the only three options are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;победить соперника, одолеть соперника, одержать над соперником победу, выиграть &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; соперника, обыграть соперника. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;проиграть сопернику, уступить сопернику.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;сыграть с соперником вничью.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When one says &quot;выиграл женщину&quot; (however stupid this phrase might sound personally to me) - it's indeed about not winning the woman herself in a competition but rather winning her as an objectified prize, like &quot;выиграл в тире плюшевого мишку&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of @Quassnoi answer - it might be something professional indeed but I'm not so sure as him - I can clearly imagine those just being typos. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; I've consulted a friend of mine who used to be a professional sportsman and it turns out @Quassnoi is right! I don't know about all kind of sports but in wrestling this usage is quite common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-19T17:37:39.447" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T17:37:39.447" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20013" CreationDate="2019-06-19T17:04:31.993" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's sports slang, mostly used in wrestling and martial arts, however it seems to spill into other sports as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using animate words as direct objects in accusative instead of whatever other case is prescribed by the literary norm is a frequent thing in Russian jargons: &lt;em&gt;работать клиента&lt;/em&gt; (hairdressers), &lt;em&gt;охотить оленя, глистогонить кота&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T17:04:31.993" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20013" CreationDate="2019-06-19T17:42:48.627" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты выиграл женщину, а я ничего. Чего тебе еще надо?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means that he won this woman as a prize.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[Выиграл у соперника и выиграл женщину.] = He won against the opponent and got the woman as a prize. If the would fail against the opponent, the opponent got the woman as a prize.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simply speaking, woman was a bet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;My question is this: Is it correct to say &quot;выиграть соперника&quot; if the intended meaning is &quot;to win against the opponent&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;I will not be surprised, if I hear this from someone or read it in an newspaper article, but I mark inside my head, that this person is not beauty language lover and is [малоначитанный].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In strict meaning of the word [выиграть соперника] means, that you get the opponent as a prize. For example, there was a bet, the person who fails to win become the slave (personal assistant) for 1 week and do any dirty job. In that case [выиграть соперника] is ok.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T17:42:48.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20017" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20018" CreationDate="2019-06-19T19:03:15.950" Score="7" ViewCount="434" Body="&lt;p&gt;My understanding of the concept of возвратный глагол is simple: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;учить себя (to teach oneself) → учиться (to learn)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;готовить себя (to prepare oneself) → готовиться (to get prepared)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;ложить себя (to lay oneself) → ложиться (to lie down)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;возбуждать себя (to excite oneself) → возбуждаться (to get excited)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The logic is that the object of the action is the subject itself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there are some возвратные глаголы that I cannot explain in terms of this logic, and I would like to ask you about a couple of them. Maybe your explanations will help me understand some general things as well as some other verbs whose logic I do not understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first verb is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;охотиться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;to hunt&quot;). The hunter hunts animals, not himself. The object of the action is not the hunter. I am confused as to why this verb ends with &quot;&lt;strong&gt;ся&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second verb is &quot;&lt;strong&gt;рыться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&quot;to rummage&quot;), which is similar to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;копаться&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; If we remove &lt;strong&gt;ся&lt;/strong&gt; from them, we get &quot;&lt;strong&gt;рыть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;копать&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; and these verbs mean &quot;to dig (something).&quot; But the interpretation of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;рыться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;копаться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;рыть/копать себя&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&#xA;(&quot;to dig oneself&quot;) does not make sense to me. People can say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;рыться в вещах&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;копаться в вещах&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; which is equivalent to saying &quot;&lt;strong&gt;рыть вещи (чтобы найти что-то)&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; I do not see how the object of this action could be the person who digs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: What is the logic of the presence of &quot;ся&quot; in &quot;охотиться&quot; and &quot;рыться/копаться&quot;?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-06-19T19:25:52.783" LastActivityDate="2019-07-04T10:47:45.957" Title="Why are &quot;охотиться&quot; and &quot;рыться&quot; with &quot;ся&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20018" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20017" CreationDate="2019-06-19T19:33:11.917" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your understanding of what it called reflexive verbs is understandably simplified since it's actually the usual way this grammar construct is explained. Here's a quote from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_verb&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;In grammar, a reflexive verb is, loosely, a verb whose direct object&#xA;  is the same as its subject, for example, &quot;I wash myself&quot;. More&#xA;  generally, a reflexive verb has the same semantic agent and patient&#xA;  (typically represented syntactically by the subject and the direct&#xA;  object).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The keyword here is actually &lt;strong&gt;loosely&lt;/strong&gt;. There are lot of examples when reflexiveness of the word cannot be quite that simply be put into this 'object = subject' bucket.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance - &lt;code&gt;собака кусается&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;шиповник колется&lt;/code&gt;, it's not like a dog can bite itself. Well, it can, but this verb is reflexive because among other things, reflexive verbs are used for what, again, in Wikipedia, is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;referred&lt;/a&gt; to as &quot;активно-безобъектное&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Обниматься, целоваться&lt;/code&gt; are obviously also not about object being the subject. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Смеркается&lt;/code&gt; is another example where reflexive verb exists however there's no subject (or object for that matter) &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;at all&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact even in relatively close languages like Russian and Polish some verbs indicating exactly the same action can be reflexive in one language and in the second one they are just not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember myself puzzled exactly like you when I've first time heard German &quot;ich bedankte mich bei ihr&quot; (я поблагодарил её) - this &quot;mich&quot; sounded completely unnatural to me!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, just like quite often I'm telling you - unfortunately it's not always about any logic. At least, in that sense that there's no set of rules that one can learn to memorize all cases. Memorizing the cases themselves is a better option ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-19T19:40:20.337" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T19:40:20.337" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19981" CreationDate="2019-06-19T21:59:34.673" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What I cannot understand is how a single person can come in big&#xA;  numbers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obliviously, as part of the &quot;big numbers&quot;. I mean, &quot;я понаехал&quot; - is a self-joking, a sarcastic phrase meaning participation in a large number of people, who came to the city against the will of inhabitants. Ну или как-то так, да.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12145" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T21:59:34.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20017" CreationDate="2019-06-19T22:19:39.863" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not always useful to understand &lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt; in terms of &lt;strong&gt;себя&lt;/strong&gt;. Russian inherited the pronoun and the verbal reflexive particle as two related-but-separate things already.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One manifestation of this is that &lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt; has some historical meanings that &lt;strong&gt;себя&lt;/strong&gt; doesn't have in Russian. One is reciprocity. &lt;strong&gt;Драться&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;to fight&quot;, if we're being super-literal, means &quot;to tear at &lt;em&gt;each other&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, not &quot;tear at oneself&quot;: modern Russian would use &lt;strong&gt;друг друга&lt;/strong&gt;, not &lt;strong&gt;себя&lt;/strong&gt;, to express this idea lexically. At the same time, in modern Russian, you can say &lt;strong&gt;ты хорошо дерёшься&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;you fight well&quot; which doesn't make sense on this very literal level, because there'd need to be at least two combatants for there to be an &quot;each other&quot;, which is what &lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt; used to express here. Not that it really does express that, or anything, anymore; &lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt; is, at this point, a purely grammatical verb modifier, which opens it up to all sorts of &quot;bad&quot; uses by analogy, which don't feel &quot;bad&quot; because it's so purely grammatical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure about the exact way verbs like &lt;strong&gt;охотиться&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;рыться&lt;/strong&gt; came about, and when it happened, but the point I'm trying to make is, people were already thinking of &lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt; as something quite different from &lt;strong&gt;себя&lt;/strong&gt; when those verbs were coined. I guess that by some analogy or other, &lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt; was reconceptualised as having, among its possible meanings, &quot;to be intensely engaged in an activity&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm fairly sure I understand where a different shade of &lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt; came from, in things like &lt;strong&gt;собака кусается&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;the dog bites&quot;, meaning &quot;the dog is a known biter&quot;. Here, the analogy was probably with mediopassive-like constructions such as &lt;strong&gt;дверь не открывается&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;the door won't open&quot;, generalised later to not only recipients but also agents of the verbs in question. Not directly relevant but, again, illustrates how &lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt; had long been very independent of &lt;strong&gt;себя&lt;/strong&gt;, and instead perceived as a purely grammatical morpheme, and those eventually start to mean whatever they &lt;em&gt;sound&lt;/em&gt; like they mean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2019-06-19T22:19:39.863" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20022" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20024" CreationDate="2019-06-20T22:54:04.530" Score="13" ViewCount="4550" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently got puzzled as to why the Russian journalists spell the surname of the current Turkish president as &lt;strong&gt;Эрдоган&lt;/strong&gt;, with &lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;. We spell his surname as  エルドアン, which does not include any sound similar to the Russian &lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;. The Koreans spell his surname as 에르도안, which does not include any such sound either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the original language, Turkish, his surname is spelt as Erdoğan, using the letter ğ, not g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Turkish letters ğ and g are two different letters. The letter ğ has no sound on its own, with its effect varying depending on the location in a word and the surrounding vowels. This letter can have zero phonetic effect, slightly lengthen the preceding vowel, or somewhat separate two vowels. The letter g, in contrast, has its own consonant sound, which is practically the same as the Russian sound &lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Turks pronounce the surname of their president as /ˈeɾdo‿an/, not making even a slightest consonant sound between o and a. They simply pronounce о and а distinctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you say that non-Russian names should be blindly transliterated to Russian exactly as they are written in the original language regardless of the diacritic signs and original pronunciation, then what about Salisbury? There have recently been many Russian articles about that city, which is spelt by the Russian journalists as &lt;strong&gt;Солсбери&lt;/strong&gt;. The Russian journalists changed the English а to the Russian &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;, omitted the English i, and replaced the English u by the Russian &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; in order to achieve resemblance to the original pronunciation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am so much puzzled as to why the Russians have no hesitation to perform major surgeries on names like Salisbury (Солсбери), Montreaux (Монтрё), and Middlesbrough (Мидлсбро) to achieve resemblance to the original pronunciation, but cannot circumcise the name Erdoğan by cutting off the non-pronounced ğ. This apparent inconsistency is appalling to me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if you say that it is because Erdoğan is the name of a president and not a geographic name like Salisbury, then what about Ronald Reagan? He was a president, too, but the Russian journalists spell his surname as &lt;strong&gt;Рейган&lt;/strong&gt;, replacing the English а by the Russian &lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt;. So even president names are not blindly transliterated as they are spelt in the original language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is hard to see why the Russians cannot do what the Albanians can: they spell the surname of the Turkish president as Erdoan, simply omitting the letter ğ, which is absent in their alphabet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: Why is the surname Erdoğan spelt in Russian as Эрдоган despite that ğ has no sound in the Turkish language?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to read answers that are deeper than simple statements that the Russians generally transliterate both ğ and g as &lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt; in Turkish proper names. I already know this and am curious as to whether there is any official rule for that. Or is everyone entitled to transliterate &quot;Erdoğan&quot; to Russian how he or she pleases? If there is a rule prescribing to transliterate ğ as &lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;, I would be grateful for an explanation as to what is the justification of such a seemingly unjustifiable rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that the letter ğ was pronounced in the Turkish language long ago, so I am curious whether the replacement ğ → &lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt; is simply an old continuous tradition of writing Turkish proper names in Russian, that is, a tradition that exists simply because no one was enthusiastic enough to change it after ğ lost its own sound in Turkish. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am also curious whether it will be really considered a mistake if I write &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Эрдоан&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (i.e., without &lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt;) in a Russian text of mine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-06-22T17:45:07.863" LastActivityDate="2019-06-24T10:12:47.933" Title="Why is the Turkish president's surname spelt in Russian as Эрдоган, with г?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="10" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20023" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20022" CreationDate="2019-06-21T04:50:01.497" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a Turkic, I say that it is completely true to consider his name as Эрдоган. The name in Turkish is &quot;Erdoğan&quot;. Note that the letter &quot;ğ&quot; is a sound most like the French &quot;r&quot; and is also a deformation of the sounds &quot;g&quot; and &quot;q&quot; which in today's Turkish dialect turned not to sound &lt;em&gt;at all&lt;/em&gt;!&#xA;Also note that Russian and Turkic peoples had many encounters during thousands of years. The last one was ruling of them to Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Many conflicts against the Ottoman Empire and Iran ruling in Azerbaijan. &#xA;Well, by all of these, I mean Russian journalists are right. You know that Russians care about literature very much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12042" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-06-21T08:42:16.597" LastActivityDate="2019-06-21T08:42:16.597" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20022" CreationDate="2019-06-21T10:30:17.553" Score="42" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian has different transcription systems for different languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of them (Japanese, Korean, Chinese) have been developed by a single person or by a group of scholars, who had invested some thought and consideration into them, and had them codified.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of them (Greek, Latin, English) have been in use for quite a long time, so the rules have just evolved. Those rules are partly codified, partly implied and partly don't really exist and are just dealt with on ad-hoc basis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, lots of languages just don't have any kind of tradition of transcription into Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those systems might be old or relatively new, they might more or less closely reflect the actual pronunciation of the original language, they might have evolved along with the original language and/or Russian language, and they might be ridden with inconsistencies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They also, usually, are not consistent between each other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, an ideal transcription system has several requirements.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian renditions of foreign names should resemble the original pronunciation; should resemble the original spelling (if applicable); should be reversible (ideally you should be able to reconstruct the original word just from looking at its Russian rendition); should be actually utterable by Russian speakers; should be unequivocal and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course all those requirements are impossible to achieve at once (partly because the original languages and writing systems are not examples of order and logic either), so some compromises are being made, either by the authors of the system or by the people who learn it by heart from their predecessors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All these compromises have their ups and downs, pros and cons, and different people have different preferences about what should be put on top priority when making these compromises.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's why some systems gain traction and some don't: if you don't make enough people happy enough with your system to start using that over the others, yours would just die from natural causes and be consigned into oblivion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This apparent inconsistency is appalling to me&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sorry that you feel this way. This is something that is going to happen often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you say that non-Russian names should be blindly transliterated to Russian&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Non-Russian names is a very large group of names and there's no single &quot;you&quot; who would have a say about all of them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They come from different languages, get transcribed by different systems designed and used by different people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English and French transcription rules have been never designed, they have evolved over the centuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;People used to write and say &lt;em&gt;Робинзонъ Крузоэ, сочиненiе г-на Данiеля Дефоэ&lt;/em&gt; but at some point that had been considered stupid so everyone stopped doing that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;People also used to write and say &lt;em&gt;комета Галлея&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;круги кровообращения Гарвея&lt;/em&gt; and still do, because this is considered OK.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Inconsistent? Yes. Hard to learn? Yes. That's how evolution and collective decisions work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you say that it is because Erdoğan is the name of a president and not a geographic name like Salisbury, then what about Ronald Reagan?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing about Ronald Reagan is that he had an English name, and President Erdoğan has a Turkish name, so see above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personal names, or the status of their bearers, as a matter of fact, are rarely if ever get special treatment in transcription systems. There might be traditional exceptions, like &lt;em&gt;Авраам Линкольн&lt;/em&gt;, but it's not a part of a system. President Lincoln's name is an exception because he was born and became famous enough to get an established Russian transcription back in XIX century, and not just because he was elected president.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is hard to see why the Russians cannot do what the Albanians can&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just the fact something is good does not mean it's going to be adopted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We'll leave aside the question of whether or not Albanian system is that great for a moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To &quot;do&quot; something with the language, like introducing a new transcription system, you have to gather a critical mass of influential people who can make that happen, leading by example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Albanians don't make such a critical mass for Russian speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russians and Albanians live in different countries, speak different languages, write in different writing systems and don't share literary traditions in any significant way (not that I'm aware of).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There were never a critical mass of people who would be 1) influential Russian grammarians 2) familiar with Albanian language, 3) fascinated with the Turkish to Albanian rules and 4) not happy with the Turkish to Russian rules to make this transition happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, to your question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why is the surname Erdoğan spelt in Russian as Эрдоган despite that ğ has no sound in the Turkish language?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't speak Turkish and can't even say if your premise is true, as some sources say it's still pronounced in some dialects. But let's assume it's true.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At some point, a compromise had been made, most probably implicitly, between several conflicting aspects of a transcription system.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Turks do one thing in writing (put the &lt;em&gt;ğ&lt;/em&gt; in their words) and another one in speech (leave a hiatus between the vowels).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A hiatus between the vowels is not the same as two vowels uttered together, and this may change the meaning of words as far as I understand, so this is undoubtedly a phoneme.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To mark this phoneme in writing, they used a letter which was not a part of standard Latin alphabet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure what did they use when they were writing in Arabic script, but for some reason when switching to Latin script they chose to base this letter on the letter &lt;em&gt;g&lt;/em&gt;, and not, say, &lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;. They must have felt that the &lt;em&gt;G&lt;/em&gt; was a better choice.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian transcription system had to face the same choice. Russian could have just omitted the letter, could have used a diacritic, could have used another letter than &lt;em&gt;г&lt;/em&gt; or could have used &lt;em&gt;г&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some Russian author, probably long ago, had made a decision that it should be a &lt;em&gt;г&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has some upsides: it somewhat resembles the pronunciation at least in some dialects, it somewhat resembles the writing, it's some kind of a clearly marked phoneme.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has the downsides either: it can be confused with the &lt;em&gt;g&lt;/em&gt;, it is not actually pronounced in the mainstream dialect and it makes Mitsuko sad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, it's a compromise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it a good compromise? I don't really know, it's not a large part of my life and I've never given any thought to that before you asked this question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently, it was good enough for everyone concerned to gain some traction, as that's what Russian ended up using.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am also curious whether it will be really considered a mistake if I write &quot;Эрдоан&quot; (i.e., without г) in a Russian text of mine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, if you are writing or saying something not the way the others do, people would start looking for reasons behind that. Why does Mitsuko write &lt;em&gt;Эрдоан&lt;/em&gt; and not &lt;em&gt;Эрдоган&lt;/em&gt; like everyone else? What does she want to say with that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And people have only so much attention and interest in reading, especially these days, so if questions like this would interfere with the rest of your text and stay unanswered, the chances are the readers would lose interest more quickly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using an alternative spelling is a literary device, a way to draw attention to some aspect of your prose by leaving a thorn your reader's attention would catch on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If that's the effect you're hoping to achieve with the non-traditional spelling, then by all means go for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If that's not something you're looking for when writing your text, then concentrate on your main message and leave the less important stuff (like Turkish names) the way people are familiar with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-06-21T13:48:47.100" LastActivityDate="2019-06-21T13:48:47.100" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20022" CreationDate="2019-06-21T10:45:25.190" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are &lt;strong&gt;formal&lt;/strong&gt; rules for practical transcription of Turkic proper names into Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Турецко-русская практическая транскрипция&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to that table, &lt;strong&gt;ğ&lt;/strong&gt; is transcribed as &lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt; and in rare cases as &lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt;. The choice of &lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt; brings to the  syllable &lt;em&gt;-ган&lt;/em&gt; which is more typical for Russian words than &lt;em&gt;-йан&lt;/em&gt; and better combines with the previous syllable, ending with &lt;em&gt;-о&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2019-06-22T09:43:17.777" LastActivityDate="2019-06-22T09:43:17.777" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19962" CreationDate="2019-06-21T11:10:28.330" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Она не из того теста.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It will suit different contexts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-06-21T11:10:28.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20027" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20029" CreationDate="2019-06-21T15:01:30.517" Score="3" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;This was from my textbook and its confusing me:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Tanya went to the country with a friend - Таня ездила в деревню с другом&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is it ездила and not ездили? Aren't Tanya AND a friend going, which would make it  plural?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example from my textbook uses the plural past tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Лена с Шариком пришли от ветеринара &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone explain why in the first case its the singular form and in the second case its in the plural form ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9762" LastActivityDate="2019-06-22T09:38:12.517" Title="Which verb form to use with &quot;с&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20027" CreationDate="2019-06-21T15:41:45.533" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe it's &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Because in the 1st sentence the predicate immediately follows the subject bringing it into the focus, therefore singular sounds more natural. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Because the idea is that it's Таня who went to the country, the presence of the friend is only secondary.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;This word order would also fit an answer to the question &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;С кем Таня ездила в деревню?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in which case the predicate form is predetermined by the question.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand if the predicate followed both the subject and the complement, more natural (in my opinion) would be the plural form&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таня с другом ездили в деревню.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is kind of corroborated by your 2nd example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;This is a straightforward declarative sentence word order.&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the word order may depend on the idea the speaker/author is trying to convey, on their decision what part to emphasize.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-06-21T17:26:03.183" LastActivityDate="2019-06-21T17:26:03.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20030" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20027" CreationDate="2019-06-21T16:09:24.903" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;em&gt;sentence 1&lt;/em&gt; only &lt;strong&gt;Таня&lt;/strong&gt; is the &lt;em&gt;subject&lt;/em&gt; while the words &lt;strong&gt;с другом&lt;/strong&gt; just describe the details of &lt;em&gt;verb's action&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;went&lt;/strong&gt; with whom). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;em&gt;sentence 2&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Лена с Шариком&lt;/strong&gt; is a &lt;em&gt;compound subject&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;Лена&lt;/strong&gt; is a &lt;em&gt;nominal subject in the Nominative case&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;+ с Шариком&lt;/strong&gt; is a &lt;em&gt;nominal subject in the Instrumental case&lt;/em&gt;) which can be referred to as &lt;strong&gt;они&lt;/strong&gt; (plural), so the parts of the subject 'participate' in a joint action:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.calc.ru/Podlezhashcheye.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Составное подлежащее:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;  именное подлежащее в именительном падеже +&#xA;  именное подлежащее в форме творительного падежа с предлогом «с»&#xA;  (значение &lt;em&gt;совместности&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Девочка с собачкой вышли прогуляться.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2019-06-22T09:38:12.517" LastActivityDate="2019-06-22T09:38:12.517" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19736" CreationDate="2019-06-21T17:55:34.247" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wanna also add that Russian speakers use дорогой/дорогая when talking about a specialist that charges a lot for his/her services.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say - &quot;Дорогой преподаватель/массажист/тренер/врач&quot; meaning that they'll cost a lot to hire. It's a bit colloquial (I guess) but it's used pretty often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2019-06-21T17:55:34.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17584" CreationDate="2019-06-21T18:18:34.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wanna add that offensive words like пидар или пидарас are often used just to insult. Without any connection to actual sexual habits. Post USSR countries are rather homophobic so implying that someone is gay (пидарас) is very very often considered rude. Especially among people 40+ or just &quot;simple people&quot;. ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I do not recommend to use it as an insult cause it's very rude and provoking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should also bare in mind that many of these rude words are connected with prison culture in USSR. Not just with sex as it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2019-06-21T18:18:34.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20037" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20017" CreationDate="2019-06-22T14:56:30.107" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think another possible way to think about is that in certain cases &lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt; makes the usually transitive verb intransitive and thereby alter the meaning, such as describe a general capability of action rather than a direct instance of action (&lt;em&gt;кусает[bites something]&lt;/em&gt;&gt;&lt;em&gt;кусается[is capable of biting]&lt;/em&gt;). This would either make the verb not need a direct subject at all or make the subject indirect, requiring another word in between and making the meaning different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English many verbs can be both transitive or intransitive without modifying them. &lt;em&gt;Dig the ground&lt;/em&gt; &gt; &lt;em&gt;Dig through clothes&lt;/em&gt;. This serves to change the meaning slightly. It's the same thing in Russian, but it requires modifying the verb with &lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Копать землю&lt;/em&gt; &gt; &lt;em&gt;Копаться в одежде&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &lt;em&gt;охотиться&lt;/em&gt;, I think that's a special case. Perhaps the transitive form was used in the past but got lost for whatever reason, so now only the intransitive remains.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2019-06-22T14:56:30.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20022" CreationDate="2019-06-23T11:14:45.393" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say because the letter г is not actually related to the latin r but it is to the greek Γ/γ which is known as gamma (as in gamma rays) and is also used in the greek version of his name which is Ερντογάν / ΕΡΝΤΟΓΑΝ in full capitals. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can notice that something similar is happening with the cyrillic p as well, which, even though looks almost exactly the same as the latin p it actually relates to the greek ρ, a direct counterpart of R&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12159" LastActivityDate="2019-06-23T11:14:45.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19941" CreationDate="2019-06-23T11:57:45.270" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to the previous answers, I would like to point out that, although we native speakers always expect every noun in a well built sentence to be in a certain case, corresponding to its role in the sentence, the actual usage may differ, and it happens relatively often. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does not even require the grammatical cases to have the same surface form.&#xA;For instance,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Победа» прекратила продажи билетов на международные рейсы из и в Санкт-Петербург... &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/articles/2019/01/16/791638-pobeda&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;«Ведомости»&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &lt;em&gt;Санкт-Петербург&lt;/em&gt; is technically in Accusative, but it also serves as Genitive, required by the preposition &lt;em&gt;из&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Шестнадцать? Четырнадцать? С или без Горация?..&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.world-art.ru/lyric/lyric.php?id=7905&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;И. Бродский&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such sentences can be analyzed as elliptical, i.e. &lt;em&gt;«С [Горацием] или без Горация»&lt;/em&gt;. However, it is obvious that this is not a typical ellipsis, since it depends on the context that first comes after it. For a listener it sounds more like a compound proposition (&lt;em&gt;с-или-без&lt;/em&gt;) оr the noun Гораций factored out of enumeration, but none of these options quite follow the prescriptive rules of Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example, written in a very formal register (a phrase from a contract)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... каждая заинтересованная сторона в отдельности может согласиться или отказаться от их использования... (&lt;a href=&quot;https://context.reverso.net/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Reverso&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here the noun phrase «их использование» stands in Genetive, controlled by &lt;em&gt;отказаться от&lt;/em&gt;, but also serves as Ablative, controlled by &lt;em&gt;согласиться [с]&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;Unlike some similar sentences, this cannot be pragmatically analyzed as &lt;em&gt;согласиться [со всеми условиями] или отказаться от их использования&lt;/em&gt;, so it must be either an untypical ellipsis, or a double control like in your examples.&#xA;Or it may be a set phrase, originating in some old contract form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize, don't be very surprised when the word agreement in Russian does not work entirely as expected, there can be deviations like in any language.&#xA;However, all such untypical sentences can be easily changed to follow the standard rules, and you better stick to those when you are talking or writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2019-06-23T11:57:45.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20022" CreationDate="2019-06-23T17:10:07.377" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;English is full of non-phonemic spellings.  That is not so much the case in Russian, but it still happens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Transliteration systems are not necessarily phonemic.  They may capture dialectical differences or historical pronunciations, in the case where a sound shift has occurred in the source language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=900910698&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia article for the letter Ğ&lt;/a&gt; says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ğ (g with breve) is a Latin letter found in the Turkish and Azerbaijani alphabets as well as the Latin alphabets of Laz, Crimean Tatar and Tatar. It traditionally represented the voiced velar fricative /ɣ/ or (in case of Tatar) the similar voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/ in all those languages. However, in Turkish, the phoneme has in most cases been reduced to a silent letter, serving as a vowel-lengthener.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;h3&gt;Historical use&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The letter, and its counterpart in the Ottoman Turkish alphabet, ⟨غ⟩, were once pronounced as a consonant, /ɣ/, the voiced velar fricative, until very recently in the history of Turkish, but it has undergone a sound change by which the consonant was completely lost and compensatory lengthening of the preceding vowel occurred, hence its function today. The sound change is not yet complete in some Turkish dialects. The previous consonantal nature of the sound is evinced by earlier English loanwords from Turkish, such as yogurt/yoghurt (modern Turkish yoğurt) and agha (modern Turkish ağa), and the corresponding velar fricative found in cognate words in the closely related Azerbaijani language and the Turkish-influenced Crimean Tatar language. In Old Turkic (as well as earlier during Proto-Turkic times), this voiced velar fricative originated as an allophone of [ɡ], the voiced velar stop, when it occurred intervocalically. The expected process of lenition (weakening and eventual loss of the intervocalic Proto-Turkic consonant *ɡ) is thus complete in Turkish and underway in many other Common Turkic languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example of a proper name that captures a sound shift is Пекин.  &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/6h0iqg/when_and_why_did_beijing_change_its_name_from/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;English has largely transitioned from &quot;Peking&quot; to &quot;Beijing&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, which more closely reflects the pronunciation in modern Mandarin.  That has not yet occurred in Russian and many other languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering that some Turkic languages spoken in the Russian sphere of influence still retain a more conservative pronunciation of ğ, I would speculate that it would be a long time before the г is dropped from the Russian transliteration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12160" LastEditorUserId="12160" LastEditDate="2019-06-23T17:17:46.453" LastActivityDate="2019-06-23T17:17:46.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20042" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20022" CreationDate="2019-06-24T10:12:47.933" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The letter ğ in Turkish historically was and sometimes still is pronounced as voiced velar fricative. Russian can represent it as either letter й but that would imply the palatalized version and the next vowel to be front vowel. The non-palatalized version is traditionally spelled with г in foreign words (the г is pronounced as voiced velar fricative in Southern Russian dialects). The voiceless velar fricative is also often traditionally spelled with г in foreign words, like in Гитлер and Гелиос.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2019-06-24T10:12:47.933" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20043" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20044" CreationDate="2019-06-24T13:10:32.467" Score="2" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;p&gt;A Russian song has the two lines&#xA;Нашей любви осталась минутка and &#xA;Нашей любви зачем не осталось?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the subject of the first line is минутка (feminine). What is the subject of the second line? Presumably it is neuter because of осталось. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-24T17:14:18.447" LastActivityDate="2019-06-24T17:14:18.447" Title="Confusion with subject of &quot;остаться&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20043" CreationDate="2019-06-24T13:42:01.783" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an instance of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Genitive negative&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; associated in particular with verbs of existence/habitation/occurrence such as &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;существовать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;находиться&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;проживать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;происходить&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;проявляться&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;обнаруживаться&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;возникать&lt;/strong&gt; to name a few, and &lt;strong&gt;остаться&lt;/strong&gt; as well, which turns the sentence into an impersonal one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All these verbs are intransitive (the reflexive obviously are).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some linguists label it &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Genitive of the subject&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5#6_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(paragraph 6.1.1. Генитив субъекта)&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Катастрофы &lt;em&gt;не произошло&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Сомнений &lt;em&gt;не возникло&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Отклонений &lt;em&gt;не наблюдалось&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Ответа &lt;em&gt;не пришло&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-06-24T14:48:40.373" LastActivityDate="2019-06-24T14:48:40.373" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20043" CreationDate="2019-06-24T13:45:04.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Остаться&lt;/strong&gt; can be used in a number of ways. The first one is like a usual intransitive verb, and that's your first example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нашей любви осталась минутка. — &lt;em&gt;[Just] a minute of our love is left&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are right, here &lt;strong&gt;минутка&lt;/strong&gt; or more specifically &lt;strong&gt;минутка нашей любви&lt;/strong&gt; is the subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in your second example, &lt;em&gt;осталось&lt;/em&gt; is used as an impersonal verb. It has the neuter-gender form, but there is no neuter gender nouns around, that is because the implied subject is &lt;em&gt;оно&lt;/em&gt; 'it' which is always omitted before the Russian impersonal verbs. The best way to look at the structure of this sentence this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нашей любви зачем не осталось? – Why [isn't] [there] [any] of our love left?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нашей любви&lt;/em&gt; is in the genitive case because of the negative verb, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; осталось&lt;/em&gt;, just the same way as we say &lt;em&gt;Есть деньги?&lt;/em&gt; (nominative case), but &lt;em&gt;Нет денег?&lt;/em&gt; (genitive case).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-06-24T13:45:04.593" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20046" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20061" CreationDate="2019-06-26T19:19:55.110" Score="3" ViewCount="310" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often saw that the Russians use the adjective &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;крутой&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;жёсткий&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; to describe personalities, but I find it hard to understand these words and the difference between them. Here are a couple of examples of sentences with these words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Луиза Носкова: «У Гурьева крутой характер. И поэтому приходилось приспосабливаться» (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sports.ru/biathlon/1026426709.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) У этих знаков Зодиака самый жесткий характер. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://zen.yandex.ru/media/horoscope_life/u-etih-znakov-zodiaka-samyi-jestkii-harakter-5b3d5436f1deaf00a88ddc3d&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These words can be also used as adverbs and nouns to talk about personality traits or behavior - &lt;strong&gt;круто&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;жёстко&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;крутизна&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;жёсткость&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My impression is that &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;крутой&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;жёсткий&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; as personality traits are Russian terms that do not have precise English equivalents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The definitions of these words in Wiktionary are very vague and are given simply as a list of synonymous words and expressions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;крутой: суровый, упрямый, своевольный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;жёсткий: суровый, грубый, не допускающий возражений или колебаний&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;суровый&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; listed in the above definitions, is defined in Wiktionary as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;суровый: очень строгий, серьёзный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Opening the definition of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;строгий&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; I see that it is defined as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;строгий: жёсткий (перен.), суровый&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus the circle is closed: &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;жёсткий&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is defined via &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;суровый&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; then &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;суровый&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is defined via &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;строгий&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; and then &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;строгий&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is defined via &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;жёсткий&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot; An excellent three-move combo to make a poor Japanese student totally confused and disoriented.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also looked in some other online dictionaries, but could not find anything better than vague definitions similar to what I saw in Wiktionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time I strongly feel that native speakers have a very clear idea about these words. For instance, I was amazed to see how artistically one Russian talks about the term &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;крутизна&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) В заключении, я хочу сказать, как лично я понимаю крутизну президента России на международной арене, вне зависимости от личности: 1) Сбили турки российский самолёт – сбить турецкий или нанести ракетный удар по одному из аэродромов на территории Турции; 2) Нанесли удар по российской базе – нанести такой же подлый удар по одной из американских баз на территории Сирии; 3) Убили российских наёмников – убить не меньшее количество американских наёмников в Сирии и так далее… Только в этом случае политик имеет право на крутизну, а страна на уважение. В противном случае, президент страны лох и терпила, играющий по чужим правилам, ведущий страну по тропинке, протоптанной Советским Союзом к пропасти. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://newsland.com/community/4109/content/mysli-vslukh-putin-krutoi-ili-terpila/6216402&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This definition implies that &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;крутой&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is about the ability to deliver a strong response to a hostile action, and the person who is unable to do so is &lt;strong&gt;лох и терпила&lt;/strong&gt;. In view of this definition, Sentence (1) can be rephrased as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Луиза Носкова: «Гурьев - не лох и не терпила. Он умеет пропорционально отвечать. И поэтому приходилось приспосабливаться»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I am unsure whether my understanding is right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: What are the precise meanings of &amp;quot;крутой&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;жёсткий&amp;quot; as personality traits?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I humbly hope that the native speakers of this SE can do better than Wiktionary and can come up with nice explanations addressing the precise meaning of each of these two words. Especially welcome are examples of behavior characterized as &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;крутой&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;жёсткий&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; especially those examples to which only one of these two words is applicable. This will help me understand the difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T12:28:30.327" Title="&quot;Крутой&quot; and &quot;жёсткий&quot; as personality traits: Meanings and difference" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20047" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20049" CreationDate="2019-06-26T20:10:13.773" Score="6" ViewCount="550" Body="&lt;p&gt;The official name of the letter X in the old Russian alphabet was &lt;strong&gt;хѣръ&lt;/strong&gt;, which is how modern Russians call a dick.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The names of most other letters of the old Russian alphabet are understandable: &lt;strong&gt;азъ&lt;/strong&gt; (I), &lt;strong&gt;буки&lt;/strong&gt; (letter), &lt;strong&gt;вѣди&lt;/strong&gt; (know),  &lt;strong&gt;глаголь&lt;/strong&gt; (speak), &lt;strong&gt;добро&lt;/strong&gt; (good), etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the origin of the letter name &lt;strong&gt;хѣръ&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: To ensure that everyone understand my question right, I want to emphasize that my question is about why the letter itself was called &lt;strong&gt;хѣръ&lt;/strong&gt;, not about why it is nowadays an obscene word. I know that another obscene word starts with X and that people started using the letter name to refer to that word, so the letter name itself became an obscene word, too. The name for the letter was obviously chosen well before this name became an obscene word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE 2: I am aware of the &lt;strong&gt;херувим&lt;/strong&gt; hypothesis and strongly dislike it, for the old names of Russian letters are generally complete and are not abbreviations: &lt;strong&gt;живѣ́те&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;глаголь&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;мыслѣ́те&lt;/strong&gt;. It is hard to imagine that the authors of the letter names abbreviated &lt;strong&gt;херувим&lt;/strong&gt;, because this word has the same number of syllables as &lt;strong&gt;живѣ́те&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;мыслѣ́те&lt;/strong&gt;, which were not abbreviated. Moreover,  the very idea of the old names of Russian letters was to provide a complete word that starts with a given letter. Abbreviating a word to something unrecognizable is just contrary to the spirit of the old names of Russian letters. I thus strongly suspect that &lt;strong&gt;хѣръ&lt;/strong&gt; had its own meaning understanable to at least a part of the Russians of that epoch. Some mysterious forgotten meaning. And my primary motivation to ask the question was to find that meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-27T09:46:42.613" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T14:45:08.550" Title="Why was the Russian letter X called &quot;хѣръ&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20047" CreationDate="2019-06-26T20:17:04.547" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The matter is that the letter Х is the first letter of the Russian obscene word, so the word was shortened in speech to just this letter called by its alphabetic name. So, хѣръ in this meaning was initially an abbreviation, then it became an euphemism, and only afterwards it came to being a synonym. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-06-26T20:17:04.547" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20047" CreationDate="2019-06-26T20:35:10.867" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually nobody knows for sure. What we definitely know - it has nothing to do with obscene &lt;code&gt;хер&lt;/code&gt;. Well, only in that sense that obscene &quot;хер&quot; might be  a derivative from the letter as an euphemism of &quot;хуй&quot;. It also sound similar to other derivative - &lt;code&gt;хрен&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even more - there's a totally non-obscene verb &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;похерить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; which means to obliterate, to cancel out, figuratively - to lose something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a quote from &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5_(%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В старо- и церковнославянской азбуках носит название «хѣръ», смысл&#xA;  которого не ясен: считать его, как это часто делается, связанным со&#xA;  словом «херувим» затруднительно (последнее не содержало ятя, хотя в&#xA;  качестве фонетической адаптации мягких заднеязычных ять мог иногда&#xA;  появляться в заимствованиях, например, известны написания вроде&#xA;  Гѣръманъ)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One alternative definition we can find in Max Vasmer's famous dictionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кроме того, допускают происхождение из греч. χαῖρε &quot;привет тебе&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind, however, that this dictionary is as much famous as in some aspects quite obsolete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note: while the majority of Cyrillic letters indeed have names that are basically valid Slavic words - even &lt;code&gt;рцы&lt;/code&gt; - which is not that obvious for modern Russian speaker - still, there are some letters named not after any word - like &lt;code&gt;цы&lt;/code&gt; for instance. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2019-07-02T14:45:08.550" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T14:45:08.550" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20046" CreationDate="2019-06-27T11:47:10.283" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian &lt;code&gt;крутой&lt;/code&gt; has other dominating meanings - it also means &quot;he is cool&quot; or &quot;he is self-asserting&quot; or sometimes &quot;he is dangerous&quot;. Even when applied to a person there is large difference between casual &quot;он крутой&quot; and bookish &quot;у него крутой нрав&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is better to use &lt;code&gt;жёсткий&lt;/code&gt; when talking about personality traits because it does not have that additional connotation. The difference between those two terms, if it exists, is smaller than amount of meaning spilled over to &lt;code&gt;крутой&lt;/code&gt; from its casual meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2019-06-27T11:47:10.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20051" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20084" CreationDate="2019-06-27T13:37:07.240" Score="0" ViewCount="453" Body="&lt;p&gt;I often play gomokunarabe on an international server, where I sometimes face Russian opponents, and there appeared a very strong mysterious Russian-speaking player about a year ago. Many players want to know who he is, but he keeps anonymity despite being quite talkative in chats during games.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His Russian, however, is somewhat special, as pointed out by another player in a conversation with me, but the latter player was unable to say which dialect or slang type it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I was told, the most distinctive linguistic feature of the mysterious player is the frequent use of the verb &quot;&lt;strong&gt;орнуть&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; like in the example below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как можно было не заметить такой выигрыш? Я прямо орнул.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was told that he used that verb quite a few times and that it is a highly untypical verb that is not used in the standard Russian language at all, at least in informal communications like online chats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: Which Russian dialect or slang type does &quot;орнуть&quot; belong to?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, I am curious as to what reasonable guesses about the geographic location could be made based on the frequent use &quot;&lt;strong&gt;орнуть&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; Apparently this verb is commonly used in the environment of the mysterious player.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on some other, non-linguistic signs, we think he might be a well-known strong player from Kharkiv, Ukraine, but we are highly unsure, so I am particularly curious whether &quot;&lt;strong&gt;орнуть&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is used in the Kharkiv region.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T02:23:33.650" Title="Which Russian dialect does &quot;орнуть&quot; belong to?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;диалект&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20051" CreationDate="2019-06-27T13:59:32.500" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's the Russian internet slang. Don't use it, just understand it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's used mostly by men denoting short and loud laughter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The neutral word will be &lt;strong&gt;захохотал&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-06-27T14:15:14.193" LastActivityDate="2019-06-27T14:15:14.193" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20053" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20055" CreationDate="2019-06-27T15:29:26.193" Score="3" ViewCount="273" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's suppose I am grilling fish for a big party. I have grilled 20 fish and will grill 30 more. The grilled fish are immediately taken away to be given to the guests. A friend of mine comes in and sees me cooking. Then we have the following dialogue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Friend: How many fish will you grill?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Mistuko: Thirty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) Friend: How long will you be grilling fish?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Mitsuko: One hour.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) Friend: And how many fish will you have grilled?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6) Mitsuko: Fifty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(7) Friend: So you will have been grilling fish for almost two hours!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(8) Mitsuko: Correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am puzzled as to how I can translate this dialogue to Russian. The problem is that Future Simple and Future Perfect are both translated to Russian as the perfective future tense. The standard way of translating Sentences (1) and (5) is &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;сколько рыб ты пожаришь&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; despite that the meanings of Sentences (1) and (5) are very different. And I am also unsure how I can express the Future Perfect Continuous construction in Russian, i.e., Sentence (7).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: How can I elegantly but precisely translate the dialogue (1)-(8) to Russian?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My motivation to ask this question is to learn some general principles or tricks of elegantly but precisely expressing English Future Perfect constructions in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T15:02:47.833" Title="How should I translate Future Perfect constructions to Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;будущее-время&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20053" CreationDate="2019-06-27T15:37:31.740" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suppose you should use some helper words to translate Perfect tense, i.e.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;сколько &lt;strong&gt;всего&lt;/strong&gt; рыб ты пожаришь&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It will help to understand that you ask about fish that you've already grilled and fish you plan to grill. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12029" LastActivityDate="2019-06-27T15:37:31.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20053" CreationDate="2019-06-27T16:36:18.620" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since Russian doesn't have as many tense forms as English, you often need to use different adverbs or adverbial phrases to express the idea in a more precise way. But in fact, you can rely on context only and use bare Russian tense forms without any additional clarifying words, because Russian can well work this way, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea of the Future Perfect Tense can be clarified by using &lt;strong&gt;к этому/тому времени&lt;/strong&gt;, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Come to me at 7 p.m., I'll have already done the work. - &lt;em&gt;Приходи ко мне в 7 вечера, &lt;strong&gt;к тому времени&lt;/strong&gt; я уже выполню работу&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your dialog, it'll be something like this, elegantly and precisely:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Друг: Сколько рыбы тебе ещё жарить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Мицуко: Тридцать штук.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) Друг: И сколько ты ещё будешь жарить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Мицуко: Ещё час.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) Друг: А сколько штук ты &lt;strong&gt;к тому времени&lt;/strong&gt; нажаришь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6) Мицуко: Пятьдесят.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(7) Друг: Выходит, &lt;strong&gt;к тому времени&lt;/strong&gt; ты будешь жарить &lt;strong&gt;уже&lt;/strong&gt; почти два часа!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(8) Мицуко: Точно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The parts in bold can be omitted provided the reader/listener knows the context. &lt;strong&gt;Уже&lt;/strong&gt; is needed there because that original English sentence has not the Future Perfect Simple Tense, but the Future Perfect Continuous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нажарить&lt;/strong&gt; is almost the same as &lt;strong&gt;пожарить&lt;/strong&gt;, but here the prefix &lt;em&gt;на-&lt;/em&gt; adds the idea that the result of the action will be complete and abundant:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;жарить рыб&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; – to fry [the] fish&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt;жарить рыб&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt; – to fry some fish (not necessarily all the fish there is)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;жарить рыб&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt; – to fry much fish so that it will be enough for everyone&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &lt;em&gt;рыб&lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; is Genitive singular form with its partitive meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-27T16:36:18.620" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20051" CreationDate="2019-06-27T20:00:35.333" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Орать&lt;/strong&gt; is the latest (mid-to-late 2010s) slang for loud laughter. It originated on the internet and is not tied to a particular region (not many things are, in modern urban Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The form &lt;strong&gt;орнуть&lt;/strong&gt; is used to add even more expressivity. Forming new, &lt;em&gt;ad hoc&lt;/em&gt; perfective verbs with &lt;strong&gt;-ну-&lt;/strong&gt;, instead of a prefix (e.g. &lt;strong&gt;заорал&lt;/strong&gt;), has always had a touch of the inherently funny, or else inherently quirky, partly because the suffix itself connotes a fast and intense action, and partly because such coinages pique one's linguistic sensitivity by being novel but not incorrect. And by &quot;novel but not incorrect&quot;, I mean something along the lines of making new nouns into verbs in English, e.g. &quot;I would have Kylo Renned the whole room&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://overrustlelogs.net/Venruki%20chatlog/January%202018/2018-01-04&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;strong&gt;-ну-&lt;/strong&gt; situation, unlike using &lt;strong&gt;орать&lt;/strong&gt; as slang for laughing, is not new; it's not a slang feature, just colloquial and jocular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2019-06-27T20:00:35.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20057" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-28T03:14:10.407" Score="2" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, I just said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почему-то &lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt; это вылетело из головы, а &lt;strong&gt;у нее&lt;/strong&gt; и подавно... Хорошо, что &lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt; в памяти все воскресло вовремя!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The context of the conversation was: &lt;em&gt;We've each been so busy lately that it completely slipped our minds that we were expecting a visitor later on this afternoon.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In hindsight, I get the impression that  the three consecutive &quot;у меня/нее&quot; stylistically leave something to be desired, but I can't figure out how to work round that without making the sentence ambiguous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can this idea be effectively paraphrased without repeating the &quot;у + pronoun&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-06-28T07:17:56.467" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T21:30:57.163" Title="How to efficiently work around the seemingly repetitive &quot;у меня&quot;, &quot;у нее&quot;, &quot;у меня&quot;?" Tags="&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20058" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20057" CreationDate="2019-06-28T04:31:34.270" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first sentence sounds good as is (a possible version of its second part: &lt;em&gt;... не говоря уже о ней&lt;/em&gt;.) The second sentence can be changed into:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хорошо, что я вовремя всё вспомнил!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хорошо, что всё вспомнилось в нужный момент!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T04:31:34.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20059" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20057" CreationDate="2019-06-28T08:19:16.750" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This repetition is not that bad, especially in spoken language. Russians do like repeating. There is even a manner of speech called &quot;beads&quot;, which is broadly used in church (and Stalin was fond of it): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы пойдём на рыбалку. На рыбалку мы пойдём с утра. На рыбалку мы пойдём на речку. На речку мы пойдём втроём ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you still want to avoid repeating, you may just use names or other designations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почему-то &lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt; это вылетело из головы, а у &lt;strong&gt;Лены&lt;/strong&gt; и подавно... Хорошо, что &lt;strong&gt;я вспомнил&lt;/strong&gt; вовремя!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. &quot;&lt;em&gt;у меня в памяти все воскресло&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is too dramatic for casual situations, it is better to use &quot;&lt;em&gt;у меня в памяти все всплыло&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-06-28T21:30:57.163" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T21:30:57.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20060" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20047" CreationDate="2019-06-28T08:37:19.987" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you look close how this letter was written in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glagolitic_script&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Glagolitic script&lt;/a&gt; and what it resembles, you may have some theories about why it became such a euphemism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that is only my opinion. I haven't found any scientific proof. Take it as a weak hypothesis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2019-06-28T21:31:11.553" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T21:31:11.553" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20061" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20046" CreationDate="2019-06-28T08:47:45.440" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think your comment &quot;My Impression is that жёсткий is rather about having a backbone...&quot; is very close. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Жёсткий&lt;/em&gt; - hard, not willing to compromise, not listening to others' concerns, not caring what others feel... It's interesting to know that this characteristic applies to HUMAN BEINGS only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Крутой&lt;/em&gt; is mostly about quick action, not thinking and not reflecting prior to acting, usually an action could be aggessive and fast, sometimes stubborn. It's interesting to add that in some specific cases this characteristic may also apply to animals (e.g. крутой нрав у лошади).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you need to be careful with another slang meaning for 'крутой' which is close to 'cool' in English, e.g. У него крутая тачка - He got a cool ride! cnf. крутые парни - cool guys (boys) - here &lt;em&gt;крутой&lt;/em&gt; doesn't exactly mean that all these guys have strong character, they may just look cool or fashionable, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastEditorUserId="10247" LastEditDate="2019-06-28T08:53:32.377" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T08:53:32.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20062" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20067" CreationDate="2019-06-28T09:18:29.067" Score="13" ViewCount="4224" Body="&lt;p&gt;On this SE there have been many interesting questions about Russian equivalents of various idiomatic expressions and proverbs of the French language and other languages, and I decided to make my own contribution to this excellent genre.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a Chinese expression:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;能骗就骗 (Néng piàn jiù piàn) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The literal meaning is: If you can trick/cheat, then trick/cheat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea is that there is no reason to be honest just for the sake of being honest. That is, if you can benefit from a dishonest action and know that you definitely won't suffer any financial, reputational, or other damage that outweighs the benefit, then you should act dishonestly. To put it simply, if you can cheat and get away with it, then cheat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this idea commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-07-01T09:19:46.493" LastActivityDate="2019-08-20T08:15:26.430" Title="Russian equivalents of 能骗就骗 (if you can cheat, then cheat)" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20062" CreationDate="2019-06-28T09:48:31.693" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;I still think that this proverb is awful, however I can think of one or two expressions that at least partially have the same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One is &quot;победителей не судят&quot; - the winners can not be judged. It means that if you overpowered your rivals it's already doesn't really matter how exactly you've won. It's &lt;a href=&quot;https://thequestion.ru/questions/155165/answer-anchor/answer/223789?#answer223789-anchor&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;attributed&lt;/a&gt; to Empress of Russia Catherine the Great however most likely it's a historical anecdote. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other one - &quot;в борьбе все средства/цели хороши&quot; or &quot;цель опрадывает средства&quot; - and this was said by Machiavelli. Well, Machiavelli was a cynical guy, pretty much a medieval Frank Underwood. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; user @user1516873 suggested excellent expression - indeed, &quot;не пойман - не вор&quot; is exactly about if you were not caught - it's fine. See, after all we do have such phrase )))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-06-28T11:15:08.963" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T11:15:08.963" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20064" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20073" CreationDate="2019-06-28T10:23:03.080" Score="3" ViewCount="437" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard both versions, which one is correct? '&lt;em&gt;Гнать&lt;/em&gt;' or '&lt;em&gt;Катить&lt;/em&gt;'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I want to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;не &lt;strong&gt;гони&lt;/strong&gt; бочку на китайцев, падла. кто бы нам пособил электронику&#xA;  и одёжку, если не их пацаны на тех жутких круглосуточныx заводах?!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is the sentence correct, or should i use 'Катить'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user12176" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T20:33:47.993" Title="Correct use of the the idiom 'Гнать/Катить бочку'" Tags="&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20064" CreationDate="2019-06-28T10:26:20.333" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Гнать бочку&quot; and &quot;катить бочку&quot; are completely interchangeable and 100% equivalent, there's no semantical difference at all, it's just that &quot;гнать бочку&quot; is comparably rarer. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T10:26:20.333" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20066" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20062" CreationDate="2019-06-28T12:58:55.183" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Somewhat similar: «Не обманешь -- не продашь», that is, &quot;no trick, no sale&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T12:58:55.183" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20062" CreationDate="2019-06-28T13:01:41.653" Score="18" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не наебёшь — не проживёшь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This literally means &quot;if you don't fuck people over, you don't survive&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning of this proverb is slightly different from the Chinese one, as it's more about moral justification of cheating rather than pure utility, but otherwise I think it's a good analog.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Elaborating on some suggestions from the comments:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не пойман — не вор&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This literally means &quot;you're not a criminal until you got caught&quot;, pretty much straightforward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Поймал лоха — бей до смерти&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an equivalent to English &quot;never give a sucker an even break&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Готтентотская мораль&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This literally means &quot;Hottentot morality&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a racial prejudice, attributing self-centered view on morality to the Khoikhoi people. This kind of world view is best expressed with another proverb: &quot;if you steal my cow, this is bad; if I steal your cow, this is good&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-06-28T19:24:14.920" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T19:24:14.920" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20064" CreationDate="2019-06-28T13:12:07.883" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neither &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D1%83%2C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D1%83&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2010&amp;amp;corpus=12&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D1%83%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D1%83%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Google n-grams search&lt;/a&gt;  nor &lt;a href=&quot;http://processing.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?mycorp=&amp;amp;mysent=&amp;amp;mysize=&amp;amp;mysentsize=&amp;amp;mydocsize=&amp;amp;spd=&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;sort=i_grtagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;lex1=%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;gramm1=&amp;amp;sem1=&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;flags1=&amp;amp;m1=&amp;amp;parent2=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;min1=1&amp;amp;max1=1&amp;amp;lex2=%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;amp;gramm2=&amp;amp;sem2=&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;flags2=&amp;amp;m2=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian corpora search&lt;/a&gt; show evidence of «гнать бочку» being used. As a native speaker I have never heard this phrase, and it sounds unnatural&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; to me.  I would say «катить бочку» is the correct phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 -- Here's how &lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt; parse it: One can &lt;em&gt;гнать&lt;/em&gt; something that is capable of moving on its own (&lt;em&gt;гнать лошадей&lt;/em&gt;), or at least somewhat independently, having received an initial impulse (&lt;em&gt;ветер гнал волны&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;em&gt;Катить&lt;/em&gt;, on the other hand, one can 1) something that is round, and therefore rolls (one cannot &lt;em&gt;катить коробки&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;волны&lt;/em&gt;), and 2) by continuously and immediately applying force to  it -- once you stop &lt;em&gt;катить&lt;/em&gt; smth., the subject will not proceed by itself. Subsequently, &lt;em&gt;бочки&lt;/em&gt; one can only &lt;em&gt;катить&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastEditorUserId="1688" LastEditDate="2019-06-29T01:32:42.190" LastActivityDate="2019-06-29T01:32:42.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20053" CreationDate="2019-06-28T15:02:47.833" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A note about the usage of the word &lt;strong&gt;пожарить&lt;/strong&gt; (since you mentioned it). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Traditionally, it didn't mean &lt;em&gt;cooking a fried dish&lt;/em&gt;. The word &lt;strong&gt;поджарить&lt;/strong&gt; was used in that meaning. Classical dictionaries and serious cooking books confirm that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;(Толковый словарь Ушакова)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ПОЖА́РИТЬ&lt;/strong&gt;, пожарю, пожаришь, совер. &lt;br&gt;1. что и чего. Подвергнуть что-нибудь жарению &lt;strong&gt;в течение некоторого времени&lt;/strong&gt;, заняться жарением&#xA;  чего-нибудь. Мясо не готово, надо еще &lt;strong&gt;пожарить&lt;/strong&gt;. Надо бы картошки&#xA;  пожарить. &lt;br&gt;2. что. Сжарить всё, много (разг.). &lt;strong&gt;Пожарить все&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  котлеты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ПОДЖА́РИТЬ&lt;/strong&gt;, поджарю, поджаришь, совер. (к поджаривать). &lt;br&gt;1. кого-что. Жаря, &lt;em&gt;приготовить для еды&lt;/em&gt; (преим. об обжариваемом&#xA;  снаружи). &lt;strong&gt;Поджарить&lt;/strong&gt; котлету. &lt;strong&gt;Поджарить&lt;/strong&gt; картошку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of people still use the two words in a traditional way, while (mostly) younger people tend to replace &lt;strong&gt;поджарить&lt;/strong&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;пожарить&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;обжарить&lt;/strong&gt; - with &lt;strong&gt;поджарить&lt;/strong&gt;. It sounds a bit &lt;em&gt;informal&lt;/em&gt; but understandable. Some newer dictionaries (Efremova, etc.) and some books beginning from the 80-s depict that tendency.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In traditional meaning, the word &lt;strong&gt;нажарить&lt;/strong&gt; (рыбы) means to fry a lot of fish, while &lt;strong&gt;пожарить&lt;/strong&gt; (рыб&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;) means (along with 'to fry it &lt;em&gt;for a while&lt;/em&gt;') to fry &lt;em&gt;all the fish available&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T15:02:47.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20064" CreationDate="2019-06-28T17:36:34.883" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Гнать на + Gen.&lt;/strong&gt; is used without any бочка. It is colloquial and can sound very rude if you say in to a person about their actions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Катить бочку на + Gen.&lt;/strong&gt; is a set expression. It is also colloquial, a bit less rude, though. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бочку гнать нельзя, гнать можно волну, если очень нужно дополнение.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-06-28T17:36:34.883" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20071" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-28T19:28:01.180" Score="4" ViewCount="156" Body="&lt;p&gt;We were having a conversation in French, and I was wondering how I'd express the same idea in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;En arrivant à l'aéroport, on est passés par &lt;strong&gt;je ne sais combien&lt;/strong&gt; de contrôles de sécurité tous plus rigoureux les uns que les autres.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;{Literally}: &lt;em&gt;After arriving at the airport, we went through &lt;strong&gt;I-do-not-know-how-many&lt;/strong&gt; security checks, each more strict than the next&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This colloquial hyperbolic expression comes in the form of &quot;&lt;em&gt;je ne sais combien/quel/etc&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;{interrogative pronoun}&lt;/em&gt;&quot;; and in the case of &quot;&lt;em&gt;je ne sais combien (de)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, it is used to refer to &lt;em&gt;the &lt;strong&gt;extraordinary&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;staggering amount&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;number&lt;/strong&gt; of something -- so much so that literally &quot;&lt;strong&gt;I don't know how much&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;how many X&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; there are in total&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this idea commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian? I wonder how, for instance, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;бог весть сколько&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;какой&lt;/strong&gt;/etc&quot; compares?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-06-28T19:33:05.783" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T10:40:53.127" Title="Russian equivalents of the hyperbolic &quot;je ne sais combien/quel/etc&quot; in French" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;французский&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20073" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20064" CreationDate="2019-06-29T11:28:23.027" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;is the sentence correct, or should i use 'Катить'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is difficult to say if it is correct or not, because this can be considered as author's creativity.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Authour mixed two different idioms in one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Idiom #1. [Гнать]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Means [врать] = [to lie].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is used with [гнать про что-то]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чё ты гонишь? = [Чё ты врёшь?]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Just if you don't know: [Чё] = colloquial [Что]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And therefore&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не гони про китайцев, падла. кто бы нам ... = [не ври про китайцев ...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Idiom #2. [Катить бочку]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Means [разжигать конфликт] = [to escalate conflict].&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It is used with [катить бочку на кого-то]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Чё ты на него бочку катишь? = [Чё его задираешь?] = [Чё ты разжигаешь с ним конфликт?]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And therefore&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не кати бочку на китайцев, падла. кто бы нам ... = [не задирай китайцев ...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Total author's creativiy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;не гони бочку на китайцев, падла. кто бы нам ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means [не гони про китайцев] = [не ври про китайцев] + [не кати бочку на китайцев] = [не задирай китайцев] - these both meanings at the same time, which results into &lt;strong&gt;[do not escalate conflict with Chinese by lying about them]&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway [не гони бочку на кого-то] is strongly colloquial form and official publications do avoid using such phrases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastActivityDate="2019-06-29T11:28:23.027" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20074" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20046" CreationDate="2019-06-29T18:39:12.713" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You've done such a good job exploring the meanings of these two words. Yes, they are very often used to describe personality treats. Both of them are very colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Жесткий&quot; - is really very close to &quot;суровый&quot;. &quot;Жесткий&quot; is not going to compromise, acts straightforwardly and doesn't care at all whether it hurts someone. He has a demanding, rough temper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Крутой&quot; is butt-kicking. It is similar to &quot;жесткий&quot;, but stylistically softer, and we use it to show that we appreciate such personality or behavior. Usually, we like it. So it conveys our own attitude to it. We do not say &quot;крутой&quot; about someone or something we don't like or appreciate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, he is жесткий and крутой. Which means that he is жесткий and I like and appreciate it. I like his крутость or крутизна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apart from that, &quot;крутой&quot; also describes a strong, enduring person, capable to overcome lots of challenges. And again, saying &quot;крутой&quot; we like and appreciate these qualities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Крутой&quot; also used just as a synonym to &quot;классный парень&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11542" LastActivityDate="2019-06-29T18:39:12.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20062" CreationDate="2019-06-30T09:01:56.280" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add to the other answers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если слышен денег шелест - значит, лох пошел на нерест.  (If you hear a rustle of money, it means a salmon is going to spawn.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Лох&amp;quot; is an old word for a salmon, but nowadays is used as a synonym for a fool. The proverb connects these two meanings. A salmon is an easy prey during the period of spawning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Без лоха и жизнь плоха. (Life is bad without fools.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a view on fools as a source of profit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нет понятия &amp;quot;спиздили&amp;quot;, есть понятие &amp;quot;проебал&amp;quot;. (There is no such thing as &amp;quot;they stole&amp;quot;, but there is such a thing as &amp;quot;you lost.&amp;quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase is usually used with the addition &amp;quot;в армии&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;in the army&amp;quot;) at the beginning of the sentence and means that every soldier is responsible for his own private belongings. The phrase is sometimes used outside the army, too, and shows the mentality that the guilty side is the victim because he made it possible for the crime to happen by not protecting himself and his belongings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На дурака не нужен нож. (You do not need a knife to deal with a fool.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase is originally from a famous Russian cartoon for children, &amp;quot;Буратино&amp;quot;, and is used to say that you do not need to use brute force to get from a fool what you want. You can just tell him any lies, and he will buy them. The original song from the cartoon is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Покуда есть на свете дураки,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обманом жить нам, стало быть, с руки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какое небо голубое,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы не сторонники разбоя:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На дурака не нужен нож,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ему с три короба наврешь —&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И делай с ним, что хошь!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translation: &amp;quot;As long as there are fools, it is practical for us to live by trickery. What a blue sky, and we are not proponents of plunder: You do not need a knife to deal with a fool, since you can tell him any lies and then do with him whatever you want.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-06-30T09:20:51.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20078" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20079" CreationDate="2019-06-30T14:00:02.353" Score="3" ViewCount="422" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The short version of my question is: How can I idiomatically ask a Russian to talk quietly, regain his composure and calmness, stop being emotionally intrusive and domineering, and think in terms of rational arguments rather than emotions?&lt;/strong&gt; My experience shows that Russians can easily raise their voices and become emotional, even in public places. I want a magic phrase that instantly stops such behavior. I want something like the Mongolian proverb &amp;quot;A bad person's voice is loud.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rest of my post is not essential, so you can just skip the rest and answer the short version, but if you are curious about my motivation to ask this question, then read on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recently read an excellent article &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://localfriendsmongolia.wordpress.com/2016/11/01/10-proverbs-that-will-help-you-understand-the-mongolian-mindset&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;10 Proverbs That Will Help You Understand the Mongolian Mindset&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; by Natso Baatarkhuu, and here is a proverb from that article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A bad person's voice is loud (Муу хүний дуу чанга)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This might be something you notice right away–most Mongolians talk quietly, with little inflection. That can partly be attributed to this proverb. Loud conversation style with a high pitch is considered immature and evil. Talking softly and with little intonation can balance the idiosyncrasy of our language, which is lots of rough consonants at the base of the throat. When we think of a bad person with a loud voice, Adolf Hitler on a podium comes to mind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My experience of watching some Russian movies and talking with Russian academic visitors at my university is that Russians can easily get emotional and raise their voices, at least by the standards of my culture. When Russians do so, they appear to lose their composure and to have little self-control. When I see this, I cringe inside because I hate seeing how others lose face.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, I watched the Russian movie &amp;quot;Место встречи изменить нельзя&amp;quot; with English subtitles (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7Kr8g8wps0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;) and was astonished by the behavior of Gleb Zheglov, who is one of the main positive characters of the movie. Despite being the head of a police department, he lost his face quite a few times, raising his voice and becoming a slave of his emotions. Here is an example: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/KHDCmzmPInU?t=3454&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Scene&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also noticed that Russians do not hesitate to talk loudly in public places, whilst for us it is considered rude to even talk on the phone in public transport.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I discussed these things with a Russian academic visitor, and he opined that it is rather a cultural thing. He sees raising voice and becoming emotional as a way of demonstrating sincerity, since emotions are difficult to fake. To explain this, he used the expression &amp;quot;to open the soul.&amp;quot; He said that such behavior is not seen as a loss of face in the Russian culture. He even said that at worst, a man who raises his voice is seen as a domineering macho rather than a weakling who has little self-control.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not saying that all my compatriots always talk calmly and have utmost composure, and can show you a famous &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/LVwlUe_t3jg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scene&lt;/a&gt; from our own movie, yet there seems to be a big difference in the frequency of emotional outbreaks and their overall perception.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whatever the Russian cultural standards are, I myself do not tolerate such behavior for many reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T21:33:25.980" Title="Is there an idiomatic way to tell a Russian to talk quietly?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20078" CreationDate="2019-06-30T15:49:12.143" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, as for &quot;Место встречи изменить нельзя&quot;, the main positive character there is Володя Шарапов, Глеб Жеглов is more like a controversial one, the whole idea of the film is to make the audience decide by themselves as for how much positive Жеглов really is, when he is right and when he is wrong. The scene from this film you referred to is perhaps the key scene of the film, and it shows the edge where the opinions of Шарапов and Жеглов come to the utmost collision which remains unsolved within the course of the film. In that scene Жеглов is indignant and raises his voice to show how much he believes in what he does and in what he says.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the &quot;magic phrase&quot;, I cannot give you something universal, it all heavily depends on a number of factors: how well you know the other person, how well the person knows you, the point of your discourse, the other person's temper, at what terms you and the other person are, how polite and educated the other person is, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Naturally, the most neutral phrase is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пожалуйста, говорите [по-]тише!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bit trickier one will appeal to the other person's common sense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пожалуйста, не кричите, я вас и так понимаю!&lt;/strong&gt; – Please, don't shout, I can well understand you [without your shouting]!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you and the other person are friends and &lt;em&gt;на ты&lt;/em&gt;, you can use a very familiar phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Что ты &lt;em&gt;орёшь как резаный[-ая]&lt;/em&gt;!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This one uses an idiom, &lt;strong&gt;орать как резаный&lt;/strong&gt;, which means 'to shout very loudly, like a domestic animal when it's killed'. This can be impolite only to the people with whom you are &lt;em&gt;на вы&lt;/em&gt;, with friends it is OK, especially if you say it in a joking tone. That's a famous idiom, it is not shocking to anyone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is one more idiom you can use, but it is a bit archaic, still it will sound very Russian and will be understood:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Что ты &lt;em&gt;кричишь во всю Ивановскую&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Кричать во всю Ивановскую&lt;/strong&gt; means 'to shout very loudly, like the tzar's heralds when they announced the tzar's orders at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanovskaya_Square&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ivanovskaya Square&lt;/a&gt; in front of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower in the Kremlin, Moscow.' Using this idiom can make the other person stop and start thinking about how you know the idiom and why &quot;Ivanovskaya&quot;, because not everyone knows the origin of the idiom, although most people heard it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or you can just say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не кричи[те], а то голос сорвё[шь&lt;/strong&gt;|&lt;strong&gt;те]!&lt;/strong&gt; – Don't shout or you'll disrupt your voice!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be useful if your companion is a linguist/student/teacher, etc., that is the one who needs the good voice for work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To my mind, the only way you can use a Russian proverb about shouting is the situation when you come to a company of people who speak much too loud, or you enter a room with such a company, you can make them stop shouting by saying&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Что за крик, а драки нет?&lt;/strong&gt; – What's the shout and still there's no fight?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This should be used wisely, best to your friends, or pupils, or children, because if you say that to some strangers in the street they can well follow your advice and start a fight ^_^.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In any way, there is no single &quot;magic word&quot; you need (there is actually one, &lt;strong&gt;MA-A-AЛЧА-А-А-АТЬ!!!&lt;/strong&gt;, but it's definitely not the one you need). My advice is just making your Russian friends understand you hate shouting, reminding them about it all the time, soon they'll improve their speech habits or at least they'll learn to adjust them to you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-06-30T15:49:12.143" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20080" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20081" CreationDate="2019-06-30T20:51:25.947" Score="4" ViewCount="403" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a view in Asian countries that the Western culture is hypocritical, and there is even a special term for this - &quot;Western hypocrisy.&quot; Roughly speaking, the view is that whilst the Westerners pretend and appear to be absolutely and unnaturally honest, the reality is that they cheat in situations in which they think they surely won't get caught cheating. One of the recent examples is the Volkswagen emission scandal. A leading car manufacturing company from Germany turned out to have developed and massively used a sophisticated technology to cheat on emission tests. More broadly, the view is that the Westerners strongly pretend to be what they are not, both on the individual and collective levels, whilst the Asians do not pretend to be saints, or at least not to the extent the Westerners do. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The term &quot;Western hypocrisy&quot; is so popular that even a Bond movie has a &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/eG9ql6GA9F8?t=290&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;scene&lt;/a&gt; in which an Asian says this phrase. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: Is there a Russian term for Western hypocrisy, and is there a general Russian idiom about the kind of hypocritical behavior described above?&lt;/strong&gt; In other words, I want a Russian idiomatic translation of the term &quot;Western hypocrisy&quot; and a Russian idiom about hypocritically maintaining a reputation of a saint, ideally something along the line, &quot;He who says he is a saint is either a fool or a liar.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T17:34:29.793" Title="What is the Russian idiomatic term for Western hypocrisy?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20080" CreationDate="2019-06-30T21:24:12.167" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no such well established term dedicated to specifically western hypocrisy - so feel free to use just &quot;западное лицемерие&quot; - in fact, this exactly term is used quite often in Russian political rhetoric.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The very concept of western hypocrisy never played huge role in Russia compared to (from what I can judge - I'm by no means an expert in South-Eastern Asia) China, Japan or, say, Korea. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For at least the last 400 years Russia was huge and military powerful country that quite often was in state of war. That said, there were always political tensions of some kind. Depending on time, British Empire, Ottoman Empire, Sweden, Austrian Empire, France - they all were political rivals. And even among so-called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;западники&quot;&lt;/a&gt; actually there were no idealization of Western countries - they just wanted to adapt some of political practices they found progressive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still you underestimate how much Russia actually perceived itself as Western state as well. You also underestimate the connectedness of Russian Monarchs and European monarchs - the were related. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-01T09:31:04.173" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T09:31:04.173" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20082" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20080" CreationDate="2019-06-30T21:28:51.510" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whatever they say, Russians &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; a part of the West, so it's hard to expect the Russian language to have a special expression for a trait some Asians see as typically western.&#xA;The only Russian expression I can think of in the connection with the Volkswagen incident you mentioned is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;делать хорошую мину при плохой игре&lt;/a&gt; (lit. &quot;to make a good face during a bad game&quot;) meaning 'to conceal your feelings (dismay, indignation, irritation) caused by your failure(s) under the mask of outer calm, carelessness, joyfulness'.&#xA;Still, I'm not quite sure if I acquire your drift and understand what you mean by &quot;Western hypocrisy&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2019-06-30T21:36:26.123" LastActivityDate="2019-06-30T21:36:26.123" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20083" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-06-30T21:56:54.470" Score="1" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is the IPA for the Russian word &quot;здание&quot; is /ˈzdanʲɪje/ although people pronounce it like /ˈzdanʲɪjə/? Do Russians pronounce the IPA letter &quot;e&quot; like &quot;ə&quot; if it is at the end of the words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12201" OwnerDisplayName="Edinburgh1" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T14:20:07.303" Title="Why is the IPA for the Russian word &quot;здание&quot; is /ˈzdanʲɪje/ although people pronounce it like /ˈzdanʲɪjə/?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20051" CreationDate="2019-06-30T22:52:51.687" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;OK, so your question have been answered: it's from the internet slang; but I'd like to slightly correct some assumptions made in the comments about how &lt;strong&gt;орать&lt;/strong&gt; became a slang word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And oh my, where do I even start…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, &lt;strong&gt;LOL&lt;/strong&gt; is not just “the closest English slang word” for &lt;strong&gt;орать&lt;/strong&gt;, it's literally its (grand)father. A lot of Russian slang words came from image boards (today, they mostly come from there and from Twitter), and Russian IBs, while having come up with their own original slang, have borrowed a lot from English IBs. So they used LOL a lot, and even transliterated it (&lt;strong&gt;лол&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, you have to understand that, being “the finest of the bunch”, IB crowd is known for butchering words to make them sound funnier and whatnot; they do that because a lot of funny things go out of fashion pretty quickly. So, someone started a using “&lt;strong&gt;losing out loud&lt;/strong&gt;” instead of “laughing out loud” because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;a) there was (and probably is) a popular “game” on IBs: you start a thread titled “you laugh – you lose” where people post funny pictures and stuff, and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;b) they sound close enough&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I would bet the original “laugh”-&gt;“lose” transition happened on English IBs, though)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That got picked up and translated to “&lt;strong&gt;проиграл вголос&lt;/strong&gt;”. Note that “вголос” is a Ukrainian translation of “out loud”, the Russian one would be “вслух”; again, butchered for the sake of fun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That phrase became popular, oftentimes it was shortened to just “проиграл” or “вголос/вголосину”, and there also was a bunch of variants like “проиграл с подливой” (~ “lost (=laughed) so hard I shit my pants”) but as it always happens, people got bored with the overused words. So, it got changed to “&lt;strong&gt;проорал вголос&lt;/strong&gt;”, again because of sounding close enough and because one of the meaning of “орать” is “to scream / to yell”, which fits perfectly with the theme. But probably because of “вголос” got out of fashion already and because it's easier to write one word instead of two (and because of Twitter's character limit), out of the two “проорал” is more popular now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then the last iteration, “проорал” -&gt; “&lt;strong&gt;орнул&lt;/strong&gt;” happened just like Nikolay said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not, I'm not saying that this transition happened linearly; there were overlaps in usage for sure, but the chronology of events is about right judging from what I've seen (“проиграть вголосину” got popular around 2014 with “орнуть” gaining traction around 2017(?) or later).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;TLDR: Laughing out loud -&gt; losing out loud -&gt; проиграть вголос -&gt; проорать вголос -&gt; орнуть&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12194" LastActivityDate="2019-06-30T22:52:51.687" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20083" CreationDate="2019-07-01T00:46:40.557" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Perhaps it's a mistake in the Wiktionary Russian Cyrillic to IPA transcriptor engine (or whatever they use to generate transcription), it's got to be /ˈzdanʲɪjə/. Wiktionary has all the Russian words ending in &lt;em&gt;-ние&lt;/em&gt; transcribed as ending in /-nʲɪje/. But this online tool, &lt;a href=&quot;https://easypronunciation.com/en/russian-phonetic-transcription-converter#phonetic_transcription&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian pronunciation tool - phonetic transcription translator&lt;/a&gt;, has it as it should be, /ˈzdanʲɪjə/, etc. In Russian, due to its vowel reduction, [e] cannot be found in an unstressed syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T00:46:40.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20083" CreationDate="2019-07-01T02:07:36.650" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;At least in the Moscow dialect, the actual pronunciation of &quot;здание&quot; in a sentence is different. The unstressed ending ие is barely distinguishable, and its pronunciation can vary even for one and the same speaker, depending on the tempo of the speech and just random factors. I myself pronounce this word as зданье, зданне, здани, зданни, зданьи, and even зданий. Тhe exact pronunciation of the ending does not matter, because it is very short and unstressed. Just say здáнь and add a short unstressed vowel like ə or ɪ or a combo like jɪ or jə, whatever your tongue feels like producing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, the sentence &quot;там одно здание стоит&quot; sounds like тáмаднoздáннестаи́т, where all unstressed vowels are barely distinguishable. If I want to put the emphasis on &quot;одно,&quot; I will say &quot;тамаднó (pause) здáннестаи́т&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you want to say this word very distinctly, you have to stress each vowel: &quot;здá, ни́, é&quot;, and in this case you need /e/ rather than /ə/ at the end. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same is true for situations where the ending is crucial for understanding the sentence and must be pronounced clearly. For example, compare &quot;там здание построили&quot; and &quot;там здания построили&quot;. In practice, however, a Russian speaker may ignore the ambiguity or instinctively avoid sentences whose meaning depends on an unstressed ending of a word. He will say, for example, &quot;там одно здание построили&quot; or &quot;там несколько зданий построили&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastEditorUserId="11395" LastEditDate="2019-07-01T14:20:07.303" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T14:20:07.303" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20087" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20078" CreationDate="2019-07-01T02:57:45.737" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;To add to the already given answer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Погромче нельзя? А то я тебя почти не слышу. = Can't you talk louder? I can barely hear you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have to say this with a smile and in a friendly manner. The usual reaction is that the interlocutor will be puzzled for a moment, then will apologize and start talking normally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another option:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Убавь громкость. = Reduce the sound level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a usual command to reduce the sound level of a TV set or a stereo centre. By saying this phrase, you compare your interlocutor with a too loudly working TV set or stereo centre, whose sound level needs to be reduced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T02:57:45.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20080" CreationDate="2019-07-01T06:04:44.810" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;One relatively popular expression from the political lingo is &lt;strong&gt;двойные стандарты&lt;/strong&gt;. But that obviously applies to hypocrisy manifested as different treatment of different groups/countries contrary to public declarations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A popular Russian charge against Westerners, especially the Americans, is that they are &lt;strong&gt;неискренние&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;фальшивые&lt;/strong&gt; when being friendly or smiling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But generally Western society isn't perceived as hypocritical any more than Russian society is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The locution &lt;strong&gt;западное лицемерие&lt;/strong&gt; occurs over 17K times in Google results so it's not unheard of, but it has very thick political overtones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is also how the phrase is translated in the Russian dubbing of &quot;Die Another Day&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-07-01T07:19:17.823" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T07:19:17.823" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20080" CreationDate="2019-07-01T07:01:46.530" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, I can agree that Russians belong to the Western culture, and there is less misunderstanding between us and other Europeans. For us, Western Europeans have their traits, Germans are different from English, and we have some phrases associated with a particular country characterising it to us. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the Western do something wrong, we can more or less predict and understand it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say, that craftiness and hypocricy are sooner associated with the Eastern countries, where people seem to us more naive, but have their own thoughts, and behave not from what they say, but from what they think, and we never know which is where. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where an Eastern person (or sooner a professional) will betray you, we never know. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't actually mean that one or the other culture is worse, it means that we understand the culture we belong to. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T07:01:46.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20090" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20091" CreationDate="2019-07-01T09:54:03.953" Score="-1" ViewCount="94" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do you know what the IPA for the Russian word “разные” is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12201" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-07-01T11:55:14.110" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T12:20:03.903" Title="What is the IPA for the Russian word “разные”?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20090" CreationDate="2019-07-01T10:14:34.953" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whatever the standard IPA is, the actual pronunciation is such that the ending of this word is barely distinguishable, at least in the Moscow dialect. If I say &quot;разные&quot; in a sentence, you will not be able to tell which sound I use at the end of this word. You will have to figure out the implied ending from the rest of the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of centuries ago this word was written as &quot;разныя&quot;, with я at the end. And I do not think that the pronunciation of this word was really different from what it is now. Phonetically, it is hard to tell whether it is pronounced as ыя or ые, as long as the ending is not stressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you try to pronounce the ending of this word distinctly, you will sound unnatural regardless of your choice of the IPA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I usually say the phrase &quot;разные люди&quot; as ['raznɨ'lʲʉdʲɪ] or ['raznə'lʲʉdʲɪ], sometimes with a micropause before л, but some native speakers may say ['raznɨɪ'lʲʉdʲɪ], ['raznɨj'lʲʉdʲɪ], ['raznɨjɪ'lʲʉdʲɪ], ['raznɨə'lʲʉdʲɪ], or even ['raznəjə'lʲʉdʲɪ], and I myself sometimes say anything from this list. There is no real difference in perception by the Russian mind, and it is usually hard to tell how the speaker pronounced the ending in разные. The implied ending is generally obvious from the sentence as a whole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastEditorUserId="11395" LastEditDate="2019-07-01T12:20:03.903" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T12:20:03.903" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20090" CreationDate="2019-07-01T11:30:54.290" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The IPA for the Russian word “разные” is /ˈraznɨjə/.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use the &lt;a href=&quot;https://easypronunciation.com/en/russian-phonetic-transcription-converter#phonetic_transcription&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian pronunciation tool - phonetic transcription translator&lt;/a&gt; to get the IPA for &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; Russian word, and even for a whole text, it produces reliable transcription. There's no need to ask a separate question here for every word you'd like to be transcribed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T11:30:54.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20062" CreationDate="2019-07-01T11:47:47.660" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Chinese proverb really means, &quot;if the rules are not being actually enforced by the authorities or followed by the people, just go ahead.&quot; This is a reality of human existence, like everyone knows jaywalking is illegal everywhere, but we all do it, depending on whether the other people do it or not in a specific town.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But, when would the Chinese use this proverb? Say a high school teacher finds out the contents of tomorrow's math exam and lets the students know it, and most students copy down the solutions, this is the situation where the proverb would be used to convince the moral doubter that it is OK. &#xA; (Why would the teacher do it? Because teachers are paid bonuses for good performance of their students on state exams)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't think of a Russian equivalent, but maybe someone else can think of something better. Here is a Greek one: &quot;When the cat is sleeping, the mice are partying&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user12204" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-08-20T08:15:26.430" LastActivityDate="2019-08-20T08:15:26.430" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20095" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20096" CreationDate="2019-07-01T12:25:21.917" Score="24" ViewCount="5586" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm American, and so almost all of the Russian people I know are ex-Soviets, most of whom are very traditional and many of whom have impeccable manners. As such, I think that I may have an overblown view of how often people refer to others using their &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;отчество&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (patronym?). Is it actually still frequently used in places like schools and at work? Also, when referring to someone you don't know (i.e. when the news is talking about someone in a story, when giving a presentation about someone, etc.) would you include their &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;отчество&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;? I have a feeling that things like this may have fallen out of style since the fall of the Soviet Union, but don't know anyone who would be able to tell me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Thank you all very much for your answers! I appreciate all of them, and the breadth of information all of you gave me. I probably should have specified that although I am American, Russian is my first language and I was raised in a Russian neighborhood. Because of this, I know pretty well the differences between &quot;ты&quot; vs &quot;вы&quot; and also a lot of the easy cases when you would use someones отчество. With this in mind, I chose shabunc's answer, as it was closest to my original intention for the question, but Sandra's and everyone else's answers are all also very helpful!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12206" LastEditorUserId="12206" LastEditDate="2019-07-03T17:21:34.370" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T17:21:34.370" Title="How frequently do Russian people still refer to others by their patronymic (отчество)?" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;formality&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20095" CreationDate="2019-07-01T12:40:48.867" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Very often&lt;/strong&gt;. The fun thing about patronymics is that they are huge part of colloquial usage as well. In a friendly conversation one can omit name completely and use just patronymic, like in &quot;Что-то ты, Никитична, сегодня не в духе&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even in most liberal schools students still tend to refer to professors with patronymic. As of jobs - there are many spheres where referring someone without patronymic considered rude at least. But, again, it's not always about any codex - sometimes it's just for fun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can even use patronymic to refer to an enemy, like in: &quot;Ты, Павел Андреевич, подонок&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T12:40:48.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20097" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20095" CreationDate="2019-07-01T13:58:23.977" Score="29" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, there is a big difference between calling someone by the combination of his first name and his patronymic name (Иван Кузьмич) and calling someone by his patronymic name only (Кузьмич). The first variant is the standard formal way, and the second variant is very informal. I assume you are asking about the first variant. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another important thing is that there is a big difference between addressing someone when you talk to him and referring to someone when he is absent. I assume you are asking about the second case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even if my interpretation of your question is correct, the answer still strongly depends on many factors, mainly on the type of situation. In very formal settings such as government sessions and conference talks it is common to include the patronymic name when talking about someone who is absent. In informal communications it is rather uncommon, but it depends. In news articles it is also rather uncommon. The most common ways to refer to a person in a news article are &quot;Путин&quot; (just the surname) and &quot;Владимир Путин&quot; (first name + surname).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When Russian students talk with each other about their teachers, they usually call them by the surname (Сидоров), patronymic name (Кузьмич), or nickname, which is often a shortened form of the surname (Сидор). However, when students address their teachers in order to talk to them, the chosen form is always &quot;Иван Кузьмич&quot; (first name + patronymic name).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Concerning work, I do not even know the patronymic name of my boss. He never told, and I never asked. I address him by &quot;Вы&quot; (the respectful form of &quot;you&quot;), and he addresses me by &quot;ты&quot; (the standard form of &quot;you&quot;) and sometimes by my first name. When I and my colleagues talk about him in his absence, we refer to him by his surname or his first name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11395" LastEditorUserId="11395" LastEditDate="2019-07-01T19:22:17.650" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T19:22:17.650" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20062" CreationDate="2019-07-01T14:35:57.610" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Деньги не пахнут&lt;/em&gt; [Money does not smell]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;meaning you can use all legal, or semi-legal, or immoral ways of getting profit. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12207" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T14:35:57.610" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19732" CreationDate="2019-07-01T15:29:48.070" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;While съел бы is marginally acceptable, съест seems to be most natural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English sentence has would instead of will because it is a language with so-called &quot;consecutio temporum&quot; (tense sequence), requiring past after past. Russian is not a such language, so that its tenses (both present and future) can be used relatively in past contexts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он знал, что я пишу (?писал) книгу = He knew that I was (*is) writing a book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A related issue is whether &quot;отстающего&quot;, also technically a present form, should be used here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T15:29:48.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20100" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20102" CreationDate="2019-07-01T15:59:04.757" Score="2" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've heard that in Russian the words are generally constructed with a root and have specific prefixes or suffixes added to them (I think the proper linguistics term for this is derivational morphology)... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to work out the construction of &quot;подтвержда́ть &quot; (imperf). From wikipedia I see that the etymology of the word is as such:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;подтверди́ть  +‎ -а́ть &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the etymology of подтверди́ть is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;под-  +‎ твёрдый +‎ -ить &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;под- (takes adjectives, produces adverbs) and means: completely&#xA;твёрдый means: hard or solid?&#xA;ить: to &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the meaning is like &quot;to be completely solid/to be completely firm&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm interested to know how a native Russian speaker would break down this word into the seperate parts and explain it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11369" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-02T08:47:31.940" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T08:47:31.940" Title="Construction of the word &quot;подтвержда́ть&quot;" Tags="&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20100" CreationDate="2019-07-01T16:18:23.163" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indeed, the root morpheme of &lt;strong&gt;подтверждать&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;твёрд&lt;/strong&gt; ('solid') (which has &lt;strong&gt;твер(ж)д(ь)&lt;/strong&gt; as allomorphs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The prefix &lt;strong&gt;под-&lt;/strong&gt; can be loosely interpreted as 'to add':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мешать (mix) - подмешать (to mix in)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;нести (bring) - поднести (to bring in), etc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the whole word &lt;strong&gt;подтверждать&lt;/strong&gt; can be read as 'to add solidity/weight' (to a statement).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One other word with the same root is &lt;strong&gt;утверждать&lt;/strong&gt; which has two meanings: 'to make a statement' and 'to approve / sign off'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-07-01T16:37:24.717" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T16:37:24.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20102" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20100" CreationDate="2019-07-01T16:32:15.950" Score="7" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;под&lt;/em&gt; is a prefix with the general meaning of &quot;sub&quot;, &quot;under&quot;, however its meaning can vary greatly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;твержд&lt;/em&gt; is a root, loaned from Church Slavonic (you can tell by the &lt;em&gt;жд&lt;/em&gt; as the reflex of the original Proto-Slavic &lt;em&gt;*-dj-&lt;/em&gt;, a native Russian word would have had &lt;em&gt;ж&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;-ать&lt;/em&gt; is an inflexional ending, meaning this form is an infinitive&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This word seems like a calque from Greek &lt;em&gt;ἐπιβεβαιῶ&lt;/em&gt; &quot;I confirm&quot;, from &lt;em&gt;ἐπί&lt;/em&gt; &quot;at&quot; and &lt;em&gt;βέβαιος&lt;/em&gt; &quot;firm, steady&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the English words &quot;confirm&quot; and &quot;affirm&quot; are Latin loanwords with the same structure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T16:32:15.950" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20095" CreationDate="2019-07-01T16:47:48.847" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Very often, but somewhat less often than decades ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, the form addressing strongly depends on a scenario. If some scenarios, patronymics are used almost universally, in others, their usage has declined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;At school - addressing teachers. This is where children still address adults by First Name + Patronymic;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;At work - addressing colleagues, and particularly superiors - this is where the use of patronymics particularly declined. In Soviet times, people in their 30s have already &quot;earned&quot; their patronymics. Today, many people, even bosses, don't like to be addressed with the use of patronymics, and prefer First Name Only;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the news (or generally talking about a person who is unknown and not expected to become known personally). Usage of patronymics has declined a little.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Introductions - when presenting yourself, or your friend to the new people. Usage of patronymics here declined, similar to &quot;at work&quot; scenario. When people would like to be addressed by their First Name Only rather than FN + Patronymic, they try to establish it from the start.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can find my full answer to a similar question: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/15005/9256&quot;&gt;In Russian is it more appropriate to refer to someone by their full name?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2019-07-01T17:22:37.947" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T17:22:37.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14758" CreationDate="2019-07-01T23:07:45.667" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Instrumental case is used here because a verbal participle &lt;em&gt;будучи&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;being&lt;/em&gt;) is implied: &lt;em&gt;И беспечной птицей в небо улетаешь.&lt;/em&gt; → &lt;em&gt;И, &lt;strong&gt;будучи&lt;/strong&gt; (whom? what?) беспечной птицей, в небо улетаешь&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is that the participle creates a subordinate clause, while its omission gives a simple sentence with no clauses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7547" LastActivityDate="2019-07-01T23:07:45.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20105" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20109" CreationDate="2019-07-02T00:59:46.640" Score="4" ViewCount="229" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кофе с молоком в Старбакс - &lt;strong&gt;пил бы&lt;/strong&gt; (его) &lt;strong&gt;и пил&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кофе с молоком в Старбакс - такой, что &lt;strong&gt;пил бы&lt;/strong&gt; (его) &lt;strong&gt;и пил&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was looking for  colloquial idiomatic Russian expressions roughly corresponding to &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;X is to die for&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;, and a native speaker suggested the phrase &amp;quot;пил бы и пил&amp;quot;, as shown above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the literal meaning of the phrase, I'm having a hard time wrapping my head around how it is interpreted as &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;X is to die for&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, can this construction be used for other food items, too -- with a slight modification?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T12:37:25.730" Title="How to interpret the construction &quot;пил бы и пил&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20105" CreationDate="2019-07-02T01:56:37.317" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;X бы и X&quot; is a standard construct meaning &quot;could do it forever&quot;. It can, but doesn't have to be used with food or drink. The connotation is mostly positive, but it can also be used in a sense that someone is/was really ought to stop doing something (like gambling or drinking for example).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Красота такая - смотрел бы и смотрел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I could look at it forever)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Игра отличная - играл бы и играл.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The game is so good - it's hard to stop playing it)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="10749" LastEditDate="2019-07-02T04:15:53.470" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T04:15:53.470" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20108" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16699" CreationDate="2019-07-02T08:45:17.893" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Извините пожалуйста, как вас по отчеству&quot; or &quot;извините пожалуйста, как к вам обращаться по отчеству&quot; are quite idiomatic phrases to request unknown patronymic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you don't have an opportunity to request this information, you can just refer to someone, say, господин Николаев etc. or профессор Николаев &lt;strong&gt;or, even better, just &quot;профессор&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-02T09:01:11.783" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T09:01:11.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20109" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20105" CreationDate="2019-07-02T12:37:12.507" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This construct, in my opinion, is not quite as idiomatic as it might look.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The particle &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt; in Russian puts the verb in conditional mood. Being an enclitic, it cannot start a sentence or follow a proclitic, so the only place to put &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt; here is after a phonetic unit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, we can rephrase the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кофе с молоком в Старбакс такой вкусный — я бы его пил и пил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кофе с молоком в Старбакс такой вкусный — я его пил бы и пил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кофе с молоком в Старбакс такой вкусный — пил и пил бы его.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, all of which mean&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Starbucks latte is so good, I would keep drinking and drinking it&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is a little bit weird but a perfectly grammatical way to put it in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can actually use the same construct in present:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кофе такой вкусный! Пью его и пью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or in past, without the conditional mood:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кофе был такой вкусный! Я его пил и пил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;with the same meaning or &amp;quot;keep drinking and drinking&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T12:36:39.043" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20111" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20113" CreationDate="2019-07-02T17:16:45.440" Score="4" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;The prefix &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is used to negate or reverse the meaning of the word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вежливый (polite) → невежливый (impolite)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;слабо (weakly) → неслабо (strongly)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Following this logic, &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;нечто&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; should be interpreted as &amp;quot;nothing,&amp;quot; but the actual meaning of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;нечто&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;something.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;нехай&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;may it happen that ...,&amp;quot; so it is unclear as to what is negated by &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; in this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: What does &amp;quot;не&amp;quot; negate in &amp;quot;нечто&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;нехай,&amp;quot; or how can you explain the presence &amp;quot;не&amp;quot; in these words?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. I found a &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/6785&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; about &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;нечто&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; but my question is different because it is not about the meaning of the word, but about the composition of the word, specifically about the logical role of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T19:13:02.063" Title="What does &quot;не&quot; negate in &quot;нечто&quot; and &quot;нехай&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20112" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20128" CreationDate="2019-07-02T17:29:39.543" Score="6" ViewCount="893" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am confused by the phrases like &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;то, что он пишет&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and by the construction &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;то, что&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; in general. For example, let us consider this sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) То, что он пишет, и так ясно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However simple and natural this sentence may be for you, it is truly mind-blowing for such a poor student as I am. The Russian words &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;тo&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; are tricky words used as references, and it is especially confusing when they come together to form a complicated Russian logical structure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am so much puzzled as to which of the following three interpretations of Sentence (1) is correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) It is obvious anyway what is contained in his writings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) It is obvious anyway that he is writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) The ideas he expresses in his writings are obvious anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: What is the meaning of Sentence (1), and how does &amp;quot;то, что&amp;quot; work in general?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: Reading answers and comments, I realized I have to explain the difference between Sentences (2) and (4).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's suppose that you are in the 1920s and that your friend tells you, &amp;quot;We know that Hitler writes a book in the prison, but I just learned more details: he writes that the Jews are an evil nation and that the Germans need more living space.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You respond, &amp;quot;I talked with Hitler a lot in the past, so even if you had not told me, I could make a pretty good guess what ideas he is putting on paper. It is obvious that he writes that the Jews are an evil nation and that the Germans need more living space.&amp;quot; This is the same as Sentence (2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now imagine that you respond differently, &amp;quot;He writes very obvious things. It is so obvious anyway that the Jews are an evil nation and that the Germans need more living space.&amp;quot; This is the same as Sentence (4).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me try to explain the same thing in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;X says, &amp;quot;Гитлер пишет, что немцам нужно больше пространства.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Y says: &amp;quot;To, что он пишет, и так ясно.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interpretation (2) of what Y said: И так ясно, что он пишет, что немцам нужно больше пространства.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interpretation (4) of what Y said: И так ясно, что немцам нужно больше пространства.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I humbly hope that you now understand the difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T13:28:18.253" Title="What is the meaning of &quot;то, что он пишет&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20111" CreationDate="2019-07-02T17:49:06.930" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;нехай&lt;/strong&gt; is not Russian, but Ukrainian, although it may be in use regionally in Southern Russia, Ставрополье and Кубань, which are historically and geographically connected with Ukraine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;strong&gt;нечто&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;не&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; could be not a prefix of negation but one of indeterminateness like in other similar pronouns &lt;strong&gt;некто, некогда&lt;/strong&gt; (in the sense of &lt;em&gt;once upon a time&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;несколько&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://archive.is/dXiUJ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;In one Ukrainian article&lt;/a&gt; etymology of &lt;strong&gt;нехай&lt;/strong&gt; is traced to a protoslavic verb &lt;strong&gt;nechati, nechajati&lt;/strong&gt; glossed as &lt;em&gt;not to worry&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;not to bother&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;not to attend&lt;/em&gt; of which it is an imperative (as is obvious from its morphology), with reference to the Vasmer dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-07-02T18:41:15.217" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T18:41:15.217" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20115" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20111" CreationDate="2019-07-02T18:53:20.477" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with &lt;em&gt;Баян Купи-ка&lt;/em&gt;'s &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/20113/1236&quot;&gt;answer&lt;/a&gt; about &quot;&lt;strong&gt;нечто&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; and he is also right about the Ukrainian origin of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;нехай&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;нехай&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; can be found in other Slavic languages:  Belarusian &lt;em&gt;няхай&lt;/em&gt;; Polish &lt;em&gt;niech, niechaj&lt;/em&gt;; Czech &lt;em&gt;necht’, nech&lt;/em&gt;; Slovakian &lt;em&gt;nech&lt;/em&gt;, etc. It comes from the Proto-Slavic *&lt;em&gt;nexati, nexajati&lt;/em&gt; 'not to disturb, not to take care of, not to prevent' which was used for making analytical imperative mood forms of the verb, just like the English 'to let' with a very similar meaning. In Ukrainian, &quot;&lt;strong&gt;нехай&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is registered since the 14th century, in the 16th century it became widely used and later its &lt;em&gt;shortened&lt;/em&gt; form &quot;&lt;strong&gt;хай&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; appeared. Some western dialects of Ukrainian know another shortened form of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;нехай&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, &lt;em&gt;най&lt;/em&gt;, with the same meaning. Since &quot;&lt;strong&gt;хай&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is short for &quot;&lt;strong&gt;нехай&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, the two words have the same meaning, in the modern Ukrainian they are completely interchangeable. And to tell the truth, I've never met &quot;&lt;strong&gt;хай&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;strong&gt;нехай&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; in Russian language texts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T18:53:20.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20116" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20111" CreationDate="2019-07-02T19:13:02.063" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;[нечто] is short version of full [некое что-то]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[нечто] is not [something]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[нечто] is [something unknown]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[нечто] is [something undefined]  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In [нечто] stress must be on first part [н'ечто] = [something undefined]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In [ничто] stress must be on second part [ничт'о] = [nothing]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[хай] = [resistance]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[нехай] = [without resistance] = [let it be] = [пусть]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T19:13:02.063" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20112" CreationDate="2019-07-02T21:01:24.353" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;[то] = [that]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[что] = [what]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[то, что ...] = [that, what ...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[То, что он пишет, и так ясно.] = [That, what he is writing, is clear anyway.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[То, что он пишет, и так ясно.] is a mix of 2 sentances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) He is writing that.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;2) That is clear anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[that] is used as glue point and you get 2 sentances in just one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[ [He is writing that.] is clear anyway.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is obvious anyway what is contained in his writings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. In this version [obvious] is about the fact of containing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To express this meaning:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[И так понятно, &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt; он там пишет.]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(during pronoucing this phrase it is better to stress [что])  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In writing they usually write this like this:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[И так понятно, ЧТО он там пишет.]  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible to create this meaning in your example, by stressing [ЧТО]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[То, (pause) ЧТО он пишет, (pause) и так ясно.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;It is obvious anyway that he is writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. In this version [obvious] is about the fact that he is writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To express this meaning:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[И так понятно, что он пишет.]&#xA;(during pronoucing this phrase it is better to stress [пишет])  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[И так понятно, что он ПИШЕТ.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is possible to create this meaning in your example, by stressing [ПИШЕТ]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[То, что он ПИШЕТ, (pause) и так ясно.]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The ideas he expresses in his writings are obvious anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes. That's right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[То, что он пишет, и так понятно.]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(during pronoucing this phrase it is better to stress [то] and [и так])  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[ТО, (pause) что он пишет, И ТАК понятно.]  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This reading is default, based on structure.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The rest two readings, given above are creative readings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="12097" LastEditDate="2019-07-02T21:09:23.923" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T21:09:23.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20112" CreationDate="2019-07-02T21:07:51.467" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can see just &lt;em&gt;two&lt;/em&gt; different meanings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By default (no context), version &lt;strong&gt;4&lt;/strong&gt; is the most probable understanding. Version 2 has the same sense with different grammar. Literally, I'd translate it as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;What&lt;/strong&gt; he writes is evident on its own.&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;То, что&lt;/strong&gt; = &lt;strong&gt;what&lt;/strong&gt;; literally:&#xA;  'that what' or 'the things that')&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Version 3 in a specific context means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The fact that&lt;/strong&gt; he writes (something, some works, etc.) goes without&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;  saying. (&lt;strong&gt;То, что&lt;/strong&gt; = &lt;strong&gt;the fact that&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T21:07:51.467" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20120" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20112" CreationDate="2019-07-02T22:13:25.617" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The confusion here arises from the fact that the  English conjunction &lt;strong&gt;that&lt;/strong&gt; and the conjunctive pronoun &lt;strong&gt;what&lt;/strong&gt; are both translated as &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know &lt;strong&gt;that&lt;/strong&gt; you know. – Я знаю, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; ты знаешь. (a)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but also&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know &lt;strong&gt;what&lt;/strong&gt; you know. – Я знаю, &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; ты знаешь. (b)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without hearing those Russian sentences, without any context, it is absolutely impossible to tell what exactly &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; means. In the 19th and the early 20th centuries, there was a way to differentiate them: when &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; was used as a pronoun in the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;what&lt;/strong&gt;, like in (b), it was written with a gravis accent, &lt;strong&gt;чтò&lt;/strong&gt;. Nowadays they also (sometimes) highlight it either by italics or by an acute accent, &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чтo&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;чтó&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a reason why the pronoun &lt;strong&gt;чтò&lt;/strong&gt; (b) is highlighted, not the conjunction &lt;strong&gt;чтo&lt;/strong&gt; (a). The pronoun &lt;strong&gt;чтò&lt;/strong&gt; usually has a real distinct stress in oral speech, while the conjunction &lt;strong&gt;чтo&lt;/strong&gt; has none. That is why, your sentence (1) &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; be interpreted as having the conjunction &lt;strong&gt;чтo&lt;/strong&gt;, since it is not highlighted in any way, so the translation (3) is the best.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if we assume that either the editor was careless or there's a typo, and the sentence should have been written as &lt;em&gt;То, чтò он пишет, и так ясно&lt;/em&gt;, then translations (2) or (4) fit the sentence. Russian has a number of ways to express the meanings (2) and (4) unambiguously, but in case of (1), it can well mean both (2) and (4).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's how the unambiguous sentences look like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То, чтò [именно] он пишет, и так ясно. (2)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То, чтo он пишет, и так ясно. (3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То, o чём он пишет, и так ясно. (4)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-02T22:13:25.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20095" CreationDate="2019-07-03T10:29:04.020" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, Sandra's answer is very accurate, but I'd like to say, that there are common cases when you always use first name + patronymic:&#xA;1) When you want to show your respect for the other person.&#xA;2) When you refer to person who is much older than you are. However, women can be offended by this sometimes, usually when you overestimate the age difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speaking about &quot;ты&quot; и &quot;вы&quot;, normally you refer to everyone by &quot;вы&quot;. It is a polite way to talk to anyone. If the person is OK with &quot;ты&quot;, he or she will surely let you know. &#xA;On the other hand, you can try to say &quot;ты&quot; to somebody if you feel it that way. If somebody does that to you, he's just trying to be more friendly. It may be a little rude sometimes, for example, in official correspondence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not very good to use &quot;товарищ&quot; or &quot;сударь&quot;. &quot;Товарищ&quot; is usually being said by retired or old people, and &quot;Сударь&quot; is actually &lt;strong&gt;never&lt;/strong&gt; used, only if you are making fun of somebody :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And on @zzz777 answer, it does depend on region only by cultural difference. What you said is actually right, but the thing is Saint-Petersburg is a cultural capital of Russia, Novosibirsk is quite &quot;gopnik&quot; area and Moscow is a business center of the country, where people separate personal life and business very much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12217" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-03T10:33:28.673" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T10:33:28.673" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20122" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20051" CreationDate="2019-07-03T10:54:39.120" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Орнуть&quot; is a slang, commonly used by young not-well-educated people. I would strongly recommend not to use it anywhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12217" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T10:54:39.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20123" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20046" CreationDate="2019-07-03T11:10:35.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let me suggest you an example: if your boss has &quot;крутой характер&quot; or &quot;крутой нрав&quot;, then it means that he has his own opinion and will be very confident and conscious in any situation and will not sag under the situation. &quot;Крутой характер&quot; is not bad.&#xA;However, for example, your mate doesn't care about other opinions. And when somebody was trying ro argue with him, your mate just punched him right in the face. And, seeing this, you say &quot;Ты жёсткий&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And on the other hand, you should understand, that &quot;крутой&quot; has many meanings. &#xA;&quot;Крутой&quot; is cool, like he has harley davidson, yeah, he is cool.&#xA;&quot;Крутой&quot; is a last name for one of the most famous modern composers in Russia :)&#xA;&quot;Крутой&quot; is like steep. When you go down the hill and it is so steep you have to run.&#xA;&quot;Крутой&quot; can even mean hard-boiled egg. It is said &quot;яйца вкрутую&quot;. The egg is hard-boiled, it IS hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, &quot;жёсткий&quot; also have different meanings.&#xA;&quot;Жёсткий диван&quot; is a hard sofa, like when you feel like sitting on a stone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then &quot;крутой&quot; is much more of abstract thing. &#xA;And &quot;крутой характер&quot; has no connection with &quot;крутой спуск&quot; or &quot;крутой парень&quot;, as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12217" LastEditorUserId="12217" LastEditDate="2019-07-03T12:28:30.327" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T12:28:30.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20112" CreationDate="2019-07-03T11:39:13.470" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it can be interpreted all these three ways. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The variant (4) is less likely because it uses ясно instead of more suitable &quot;очевидно&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the author would use очевидно instead of ясно, it would somehow reduce the ambiguity in favor of variant (4), while the current version in my opinion is more inclined in favor of variant (2).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T11:39:13.470" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20080" CreationDate="2019-07-03T12:13:12.803" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, there is no special word for Western hypocrisy. There is a general word for hypocrisy though, лицемерие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T12:13:12.803" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20017" CreationDate="2019-07-03T12:30:45.957" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The suffix -ся can be understood as doing something by oneself or without a distinct target.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, собака кусает - the dog bites a distinct target, собака кусается - the dog bites (whatever is near it). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, рыть яму (to dig a hole, distinct target) but рыться (to dig around, without distinct target).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T12:30:45.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20112" CreationDate="2019-07-03T13:28:18.253" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Context is key here. Without context, all three interpretations you gave are technically accurate. What would validate each of them are the context and the tone. Or, if it's spoken out loud, the stress / intonation may help too, as it would indicate the speaker's emphasis.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Your first interpretation would be less likely if the tone was formal. In that case a more common formulation would be something along the lines of,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Что он это пишет, и так ясно&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i.e. the object in the dependent clause should be explicitly stated. Omitting it is a colloquial shorthand, and seen as informal, I believe.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The second interpretation is most likely if the main topic of conversation is either the identity of the writer himself or his (potential) actions, e.g. &quot;we know that he's writing, but what else could he be doing?&quot;, or alternatively &quot;we know that he is writing, but who is helping him?&quot;. In this case, it's important to pay attention to which word is stressed in spoken language.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The third interpretation I would only consider feasible if the sentence was a tangential comment in a discussion about the topic of the writer's writing, e.g. (while talking about travelling blogs) &quot;I don't like his blog, because the advice he writes is obvious anyway&quot;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;now, as to the function of the words themselves:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;first, we need to realise that it's a compound sentence. The main clause is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;то ясно&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;here, &quot;то&quot; is an indicative pronoun. This clause could technically be a full, meaningful sentence in its own right (e.g. if you said it while pointing at something). However in our case, what it's indicating is the dependent, identifying clause&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Что он пишет&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that if &quot;Что&quot; is dropped, it also becomes a full sentence. (&quot;He writes.&quot; / &quot;He is writing.&quot;)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But here, &quot;Что&quot; subordinates the clause. It's a determiner particle that &quot;determines&quot; the target of indication. (that target being the content of the dependent clause) The ambiguity arises because the word &quot;Что&quot; can also have several other grammatical functions in other contexts. Other words and phrases more specifically suited for each interpretation may be used to avoid this misunderstanding.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) &quot;Что он это пишет, и так ясно&quot; (as mentioned above)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  3a) &quot;кто пишет, и так ясно&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  3b) &quot;что он делает, и так ясно&quot; / &quot;чем он занят, и так ясно&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  4) &quot;то, о чём он пишет, и так ясно&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As can be clearly seen, the nuance of each sentence is slightly (or vastly) different. However, each of them can be a valid paraphrasing, given the appropriate context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12220" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T13:28:18.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20062" CreationDate="2019-07-03T15:20:59.813" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think this one is closest to what you're trying to say.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;С волками жить - по-волчьи выть&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;lit. (when living with wolves, howl like a wolf.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Wolves are usually seen as inherently vile creatures. Here it may be used as a metaphor for keeping bad company.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;more related proverbs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Где говорят деньги, там молчит совесть&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;lit. (where money talks, the conscience is silent)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;meaning: no point moralising, because all business is dirty business  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;В деньгах родства нет&quot; / &quot;В игре не без хитрости&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;lit. (there's no kin in money) / (no game is without a catch)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;meaning: Every business transaction is inherently exploitative. The other person is trying to cheat you, so don't bother showing kindness / charity  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Дуракам закон не писан&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;lit. (the law wasn't written for fools)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;meaning: I'm too simple a person to bother with something as fancy as laws or rules.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;note: the actual meaning is different, but it can be said in a sarcastic, self-deprecating way&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12220" LastActivityDate="2019-07-03T15:20:59.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20130" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20131" CreationDate="2019-07-04T09:00:40.850" Score="4" ViewCount="284" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe that the phrases in Russian for 'I was a student' is Я был студентом (instrumental case) and 'I was not a student' is Я не было студента (genitive case) and 'I am a student' is Я студент (nominative case) and 'I am not a student' is Я не студента (genitive case). Is this correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-07-04T19:32:44.697" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T19:15:29.697" Title="Which cases are used with быть" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;genitive-negative&gt;&lt;instrumental&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20130" CreationDate="2019-07-04T09:08:24.020" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The negative statements are off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я не был студентом&lt;/strong&gt; - Instrumental just like in the positive statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я не студент&lt;/strong&gt; - Nominative just like in the positive statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Genitive negative&lt;/em&gt; is only applicable in cases where what's described is not an attribute inherent to the noun or actions performed by it but eventivity associated with it or to which it's subjected (which is why &lt;em&gt;Genitive negative&lt;/em&gt; sounds like a passive voice).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я не был студентом&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, BUT &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Меня не было дома&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я не был&lt;/strong&gt; студентом, поэтому &lt;strong&gt;меня не было&lt;/strong&gt; в списках учащихся. - I wasn't a student so i wasn't found in the registers. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Они&lt;/strong&gt; здесь &lt;strong&gt;не бывают&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;They don't&lt;/strong&gt; stop by here&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Их&lt;/strong&gt; здесь &lt;strong&gt;не бывает&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;They're not&lt;/strong&gt; found here&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt; has 2 meanings: &lt;strong&gt;to be&lt;/strong&gt; (inherent attribute) and &lt;strong&gt;to be present / to obtain&lt;/strong&gt; (eventivity). In the Present tense, where it's not explicitly used, an inherent state (which in negation requires Nominative) is negated with the particle &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; while eventivity (which in negation requires Genitive) is negated with the particle &lt;strong&gt;нет/у&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я не&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;студент&lt;/strong&gt; BUT &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Меня&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;здесь&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;нет&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; / &lt;strong&gt;У меня&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;его нет/у&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To put it differently, the semantics of &lt;em&gt;Genitive negative&lt;/em&gt; with the verb &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt; in particular is not simply that &lt;em&gt;something is/was not&lt;/em&gt; but that &lt;em&gt;something is/was not relative to other circumstances&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-07-05T13:25:54.153" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T13:25:54.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20132" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20130" CreationDate="2019-07-04T09:50:06.743" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the construction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;X&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;was&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;were&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;will be&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;somebody&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;somebody&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt; should be in the &lt;strong&gt;Instrumental case&lt;/strong&gt; irrespective of whether it is affirmative or negative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я был студент&lt;strong&gt;ом&lt;/strong&gt; — Я &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; был студент&lt;strong&gt;ом&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы были студент&lt;strong&gt;ами&lt;/strong&gt; — Мы &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; были студент&lt;strong&gt;ами&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы будете студент&lt;strong&gt;ами&lt;/strong&gt; — Вы &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; будете студент&lt;strong&gt;ами&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Genitive case&lt;/strong&gt; is used after &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt; iт the following &lt;strong&gt;negative&lt;/strong&gt; construction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[somewhere] &lt;strong&gt;there&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;wasn't&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;weren't&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;won't be&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;somebody&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Там не было это&lt;strong&gt;го&lt;/strong&gt; студент&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Летом здесь не будет студент&lt;strong&gt;ов&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-04T09:50:06.743" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20017" CreationDate="2019-07-04T10:47:45.957" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Notice that “&lt;em&gt;охотиться&lt;/em&gt;” and “&lt;em&gt;рыться&lt;/em&gt;” are continuous actions. You may think of it like this: rather than being a mere action, the intransitive verb confers a condition or state of being on the subject/object relative to the indirect object, e.g. &quot;&lt;em&gt;злиться на [что либо]&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;радоваться [чему либо]&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (&quot;to be angry at [something]&quot;, &quot;to be happy [about something]&quot;).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, I'd like to note two things here:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;рыть&lt;/em&gt;&quot; has both transitive and intransitive forms&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;you are incorrect to assume that &quot;&lt;em&gt;рыться в вещах&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;рыть вещи&lt;/em&gt;&quot; are equivalent. The problem here is that you chose a poor example, because it has a rather metaphorical than direct meaning. A better example, in my opinion, would be &quot;&lt;em&gt;рыть яму&lt;/em&gt;&quot; / &quot;&lt;em&gt;рыться в яме&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. The first has the meaning which you assumed: &quot;&lt;em&gt;to dig [something]&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (in this case: a ditch). It's a transitive verb, object of which is the ditch and the subject is the digger.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;The second may seem similar, but it necessarily implies that the subject itself is already inside the ditch (&lt;em&gt;to dig around in a ditch&lt;/em&gt;). It's an intransitive verb. The direct object is the subject. The ditch is the indirect object.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So you might ask: which to use when? It's a matter of emphasis. If you want to emphasise the ditch, use the transitive form. If you want to emphasise the subject, use the intransitive. Confusingly, the example you picked (&lt;em&gt;рыться в вещах&lt;/em&gt;) is an exception to this. It's an exaggeration for the sake of emphasis. You're not actually physically &quot;digging&quot; the things. It's used to emphasise the disorderliness of the things themselves, or the disorderly nature of the digger's conduct. In any case it's used to convey disorder.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the verb &quot;&lt;em&gt;охотиться&lt;/em&gt;&quot; only exists in the intransitive form.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is unlike the English &quot;&lt;em&gt;to hunt&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. In English, we can say &quot;&lt;em&gt;I hunt the wolf.&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, or &quot;&lt;em&gt;I'm on the hunt for the wolf&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. In fact, the modern Russian language only seems to have an equivalent for the second form. Rather than saying that &quot;&lt;em&gt;охотиться (на)&lt;/em&gt;&quot; means &quot;&lt;em&gt;to hunt&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, it would be more precise to say it means &quot;&lt;em&gt;to make hunt (on)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. It comes from the noun &quot;&lt;em&gt;охота&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, which as you may know has other meanings besides &quot;&lt;em&gt;hunt&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, e.g. &quot;&lt;em&gt;мне (не) охота&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (&lt;em&gt;I (don't) feel like [doing something]&lt;/em&gt;). I hope you will agree that it makes little sense to use that expression transitively. Somebody may correct me on this, but it's my intuition that this is also why &quot;&lt;em&gt;охотиться&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is intransitive.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12220" LastActivityDate="2019-07-04T10:47:45.957" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20071" CreationDate="2019-07-04T11:03:22.377" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, Russians say &quot;бессчётное количество&quot; (countless amount) or &quot;невесть сколько&quot; (don't know how many).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@YellowSky's and @БаянКупи-ка's comments are also good, but there are cases when you don't want to mention God or Devil in conversation, and the last option with those bad words is nothing less than obscene, it's just inappropriate. If you would say it in an airport out loud, probably all the other people will stare at you like you're insane.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &quot;По прибытии в аэропорт мы прошли (бессчётное количество)/(невесть сколько) проверок, каждая из которых была строже предыдущей&quot; is a beautifully constructed sentence in Russian.&#xA;Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12217" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-07-05T08:21:47.353" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T08:21:47.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20135" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19736" CreationDate="2019-07-04T12:47:45.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Long story short: your understanding of the meanings is backwards.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How so?&#xA;First, to answer the question let's look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://lexicography.online/etymology/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;etymology of each word&lt;/a&gt;:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Происхождение слова &lt;em&gt;цена&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Цена́. Близкие слова встречаются во многих языках нашей индоевропейской семьи: авестийское «каэна» — «возмездие», «месть», литовское «káina» — «цена». &lt;strong&gt;Видимо, и у нас древнейшим значением слова было «отмщение», «расплата»&lt;/strong&gt;, потом — «штраф-вира» за какую-либо вину и уже впоследствии — «стоимость».  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;hr&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Происхождение слова &lt;em&gt;дорогой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Дорого́й. Общеславянское слово, образованное от той же основы, что и литовское dora — «хорошо, полезно», английское dear — «дорогой». &lt;strong&gt;Первоначальное значение — «хороший, полезный, годный»&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(emphasis added)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;As we can see, the original of the word &quot;&lt;em&gt;цена&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (of which &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ценный&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is derivative) is &quot;retribution&quot; or &quot;recompense&quot;. Only later it came to mean (monetary) price. I think it's safe to assume the non-monetary meanings were acquired even later.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;By contrast, the word &quot;&lt;em&gt;дорогой&lt;/em&gt;&quot; &lt;strong&gt;always&lt;/strong&gt; had a non-monetary connotation.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I hope from this it should be clear to you which meaning is more suited to express affection.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information, let's have a quick read through a &lt;a href=&quot;http://tolkslovar.ru/d6057.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian dictionary&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;дорогой&lt;/em&gt;:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Тот, кто мил, любим, близок сердцу.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Употр. как обращение к тому, кто дорог, любим, мил.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;hr&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Стоящий больших денег, продаваемый или покупаемый по высокой цене (противоп.: дешёвый). // Высокий (о цене). // перен. Такой, которым дорожат.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;перен. Добытый с большими трудностями, ценой больших усилий, жертв и т.п.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;перен. Милый, любимый, близкий сердцу. // Употр. в составе ласкового обращения.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;перен. Являющийся достоинством кого-л., чего-л.; существенный, ценный.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ценный&lt;/em&gt;:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Имеющий цену, обладающий стоимостью, выраженной в деньгах. // Имеющий высокую стоимость; дорогой. // Имеющий объявленную ценность (о посылке, письме и т.п.).  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;перен. Имеющий важное значение. // Такой, которым дорожат. // Очень нужный, полезный.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, the definition of each word mentions the other. However, there are some differences to note:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;darling&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is listed as direct meaning of &quot;&lt;em&gt;дорогой&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the meaning of &quot;&lt;em&gt;дорогой&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is listed as &quot;being sold for a high price&quot;, while the meaning of &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ценный&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is listed as &quot;having high monetary value&quot;. I hope you can understand the difference here.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the figurative meaning of &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ценный&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is: important, treasured, practically useful. Even figuratively it expresses only practical, not emotional or sentimental value.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may seem similar at first, but there's an important nuance. For example, let's look at some words with a common stem with each word&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;цена&lt;/em&gt;: (monetary) price&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;ценник&lt;/em&gt;: price tag&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;ценности&lt;/em&gt;: (only plural) things of monetary value, e.g. cash money, jewellery, porcelainware, etc...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;ценные бумаги&lt;/em&gt;: documents with high monetary value, e.g. bonds, deeds, wills, shares, cheques, contracts, etc...&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;ценить&lt;/em&gt;: to appreciate / respect (something or someone)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;ценимый&lt;/em&gt;: valued, respected (I think this is the meaning you were trying to use in your question, but it is in fact a separate word)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;оценка&lt;/em&gt;: valuation / evaluation; grade in an exam&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;ценность&lt;/em&gt;: a moral / human value&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;ценностный&lt;/em&gt;: related to, or having to do with moral values&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;драгоценность&lt;/em&gt;: treasure (as in pirate's treasure)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;дорожить&lt;/em&gt;: to treasure, cherish&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;дорожать&lt;/em&gt;: to increase in price  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope you're noticing a trend here. Even when the stem &quot;&lt;em&gt;цена&lt;/em&gt;&quot; doesn't relate to monetary value, it relates to moral or practical value, or even respect, but &lt;em&gt;never&lt;/em&gt; affection. That is exclusive to the stem &quot;&lt;em&gt;драг&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I think their respective derivative verbs (highlighted) are best indicative of that.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;This begs the question: why is &quot;&lt;em&gt;дорогой&lt;/em&gt;&quot; often &lt;em&gt;also&lt;/em&gt; used to mean &quot;expensive&quot;, &lt;em&gt;instead of&lt;/em&gt; meaning &quot;dear&quot; or &quot;cherished&quot;?&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To that, I couldn't find a definite answer, at least not immediately. Maybe somebody can educate us. In the meantime, I can provide my personal intuition.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;This usage of the word likely comes from the phrase &quot;&lt;em&gt;добытый дорогой ценой&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (acquired for a dear price). It can be used figuratively, meaning a great personal sacrifice. Or it may come from a time when currency wasn't so prevalent, and barter was used instead. People may have had to relinquish dear personal possessions in exchange for necessary goods or services. The meaning of the word as &quot;expensive&quot; could have originated as a shorthand for this expression.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry to necro an answered question, but I think I provided valuable information  not included in the accepted answer.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12220" LastActivityDate="2019-07-04T12:47:45.550" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20136" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19656" CreationDate="2019-07-04T12:49:07.287" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;IMHO,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Должен ли парень платить за девушку на свидании?&#xA;Does the boy have to pay for the girl?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Почему каждая женщина должна уметь флиртовать: мужской взгляд &#xA;Why does every woman has to be able to flirt?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) Должен ли он уйти? &#xA;Must he quit?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Я должна была быть мужчиной &#xA;I should have been a man&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, for the meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Должен  - must:&#xA;Ты должен защищать Родину! - You must protect motherland!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Должен - have to:&#xA;Я должен сидеть здесь и ждать - I have to sit here and wait&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Должен - should have:&#xA;Я должен был стать музыкантом, но мне медведь на ухо наступил - I should have become a musician, but I have no ear for music&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Должен - must be or maybe:&#xA;Должно быть, он опоздал из-за пробок - Maybe, he was late due to traffic jams&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Должен - ought to:&#xA;Это незаконно, мы должны сообщить полиции - It is illegal, we ought to report it to the police&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12217" LastActivityDate="2019-07-04T12:49:07.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20137" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20138" CreationDate="2019-07-04T20:46:41.537" Score="2" ViewCount="291" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just a simple question as I am not sure of the right form. &#xA;What is the Russian diminutive of mouse? &lt;em&gt;мышонок&lt;/em&gt; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12229" LastEditorUserId="12229" LastEditDate="2019-07-04T21:00:47.720" LastActivityDate="2019-07-07T10:36:13.300" Title="What is the Russian diminutive of mouse?" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20137" CreationDate="2019-07-04T20:54:03.680" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;мышонок&quot;&lt;/a&gt; is a baby mouse so you were close, but strictly speaking diminutive is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0#%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_III&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;мышка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; which is a small mouse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-07-04T20:54:03.680" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20139" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20158" CreationDate="2019-07-04T23:41:57.683" Score="6" ViewCount="1803" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is not a duplicate of the existing &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/12955/was-going-to-translation&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; about translating &quot;to be going to&quot; to Russian, because the solutions suggested there (собираться, хотеть, etc.) do not seem to work in my case. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: How is the precise idea of the below sentence (1) elegantly expressed in Russian?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) This game is going to perish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The rest of my post explains the context of this sentence, my motivation to ask this question, and my hopeless attempts to find a precise but elegant Russian translation. You can skip that and just suggest your translation variant, but reading my post in full may result in a translation variant better tailored to my needs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me first explain the context. I am writing a short essay in Russian about one of our national strategy board games. The game is called 連珠, and its nature is somewhere between Go and chess. The main point of my essay is that the rules of that game are getting more and more complicated to address &quot;loopholes&quot; and have already become a highly sophisticated system of &quot;patches.&quot; This makes novices strongly discouraged, because a lot of knowledge and understanding is required even to get started. With virtually no novices joining the game, almost all players who play in official tournaments in Japan are very experienced players who joined the game long ago, when the rules were much simpler and more natural and when there were much less alternative entertainment opportunities such as online poker. Sooner or later these players will drop out of the game for ageing and other reasons. If nothing changes before that, the game will collapse at that point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The variant &quot;&lt;strong&gt;игра умрет&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is not what I looking for, because the idea of Sentence (1) is different from &quot;this game will perish.&quot; The latter phrase is a just a prediction of the end result. What I want to say is something different: if things continue developing as they are developing, the game will cease to exist in the end. In other words, I am talking about a process(!) occurring now, namely the process of over-complicating the rules. The game is moving in the direction towards death, as a plane that entered into a tailspin is approaching the ground, and the process is very unlikely to change, although I cannot exclude that a creative solution will be found to salvage the game. In English, Sentence (1) elegantly expresses the idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, I can easily compose a long sentence in Russian to express what I want to express, but I am curious to learn how I can express the idea elegantly or idiomatically, similar to the English sentence (1) in terms of conciseness and preciseness. If I can find an elegant variant, I can use it as the title of my essay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that &quot;to be going to&quot; is often translated to Russian as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;собираться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;, as pointed out in answers to the existing question about &quot;to be going to,&quot; but it seems to be wrong or at least very weird to say &quot;&lt;strong&gt;игра собирается умереть&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; because &quot;&lt;strong&gt;собираться&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is used to describe an intent or purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also dismissed the variant &quot;&lt;strong&gt;игра умирает&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; because there is a difference between &quot;the game is dying&quot; and &quot;the game is going to die.&quot; The difference is the same as between &quot;he is dying&quot; and &quot;he is going to die.&quot; The expression &quot;he is dying&quot; implies that the person is in the very process of dying, e.g., with bleeding wounds and in agony, whilst a person who is going to die may be quite healthy and just doing something that will kill him in the distant future. For example, when the German soldiers invaded Russia in June 1941, they were going to die, but were not dying. What I want to say is that the game IS GOING to perish, not that it is perishing or dying. It is a long way to the death of the game, and the number of active players is currently almost not changing, as the drop-out rate is currently almost zero.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also dislike the option &quot;&lt;strong&gt;игру ждет смерть&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; because this variant does not refer to the current process and thus seems to be merely an artistic way of saying &quot;the game will die.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being at a total loss as to how translate Sentence (1), I humbly hope that wise native Russian speakers can kindly help such a poor student as I am by telling me what grammatical or lexical solution is there in the Russian language for such situations.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: Попробую сказать по-русски, что именно я хочу от вас. Я хочу фразу со значением &quot;если так пойдёт и дальше, то рано или поздно игра умрёт,&quot; но коротко, как Предложение (1), и к тому же без утери точного значения. Я хочу ёмкость и точность для заголовка сочинения. Я не хочу выразить, что игра точно умрёт. Я хочу выразить, что игра к этому &quot;идёт&quot;. Чтобы избежать смерти игры, людям надо вовремя увидеть проблему и найти решение её. Но не очень вероятно, что они это сделают. Прошу прощения за вероятные ошибки в вашем прекрасном языке, но я очень сильно старалась обойтись без них.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-07-05T12:18:56.440" LastActivityDate="2019-07-20T01:38:59.203" Title="How to say &quot;is going&quot; in Russian in &quot;this game is going to perish&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="15" CommentCount="20" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20140" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20145" CreationDate="2019-07-05T01:23:38.270" Score="11" ViewCount="1311" Body="&lt;p&gt;I see in the Google Books statistics that the frequency of the word &quot;&lt;strong&gt;черт&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (devil) per unit of text length in books increased by ~3 times since the October revolution: &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%2C%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%2C%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%2C%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A&amp;amp;case_insensitive=on&amp;amp;year_start=1600&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;. I used the case-insensitive option and included &quot;черт,&quot; &quot;чертъ,&quot; &quot;чорт,&quot; and &quot;чортъ,&quot; and the letters e and ё are considered in the Google Books Statistics as equivalent, so I do not think I missed something important.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: What was the cause of such a significant change?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not see any significant change for the word &quot;devil&quot; in English books since 1800: &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=devil&amp;amp;case_insensitive=on&amp;amp;year_start=1600&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=15&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither can I see a significant change for the use of the German word &quot;Teufel&quot; (devil) in the German literature since 1800: &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Teufel&amp;amp;year_start=1600&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=20&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it must have been a Russian-specific reason. I am curious as to what it was.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-07-05T02:21:47.957" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T17:28:49.933" Title="Why did the frequency of the word &quot;черт&quot; (devil) in books increase by a few times since the October Revolution?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20139" CreationDate="2019-07-05T04:47:02.300" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, there is no exact translation for this.&#xA;However, you can try following option:&#xA;&quot;Вскоре игра умрёт.&quot;&#xA;It is quite similar to what you are looking for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Игру ждёт смерть&quot; sounds like a prophecy from a fantasy film.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Игра собирается умереть&quot; doesn't sound good because of the context it is said in. &#xA;If it were &quot;I am going to go outside&quot;, то &quot;я собираюсь пойти погулять&quot; is a very good option. But the word &quot;собираться&quot; cannot be used anywhere. Actually it means something like &quot;to pack your things to go&quot;, you know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12217" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-07-05T08:21:00.227" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T08:21:00.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20139" CreationDate="2019-07-05T05:38:06.787" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Пошел обратный отсчет до практически неизбежной гибели этой игровой дисциплины&quot; seems to be a pretty good way for expressing of your idea. &quot;Пошел обратный отсчет&quot; implies that there is a a process of awaiting of a disaster, however it doesn't directly say that this disaster is gradually developing. This phrase compares the disaster with a time bomb that is going to detonate, thus it has such a meaning. &quot;Практически неизбежной&quot; reflects that we are more than sure that it is likely to happen, however it also leaves a small chance for some &quot;divine intervention&quot;. &quot;Гибель&quot; is just a synonym for &quot;смерть&quot; that better fits the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Игровая дисциплина&quot; emphasizes the competitive nature of this game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT:&#xA;Another option that might be a better fit is &quot;Игра медленно, но неумолимо приближается к своему закату&quot;. Dawn symbolizes the death of the game and &quot;приближается&quot; literally translates as &quot;is going to&quot; or &quot;approaches&quot;. &quot;Медленно, но неумолимо&quot; expresses the inevitably of the result of the process and the slowness of the process itself. It's worth noting that even though this phrase subtly compares the life cycle of the game with the cycle of yawn and dawn, it has a really weak connection to the idea of 24 hours and is commonly used for processes which take many years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10246" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-07-05T09:40:59.733" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T09:40:59.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20140" CreationDate="2019-07-05T05:38:16.183" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;I looked into some of those book excerpts, and there are some homonyms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Both pre- and post-1918 «черт.» (with dot) could be an abbreviation for «чертёж(ъ)» (drawing, figure) - mostly in technical literature.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pre-1918 «чертъ» and post-1918 «черт» may be plural genitive of «черта» (line, trait).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some obvious notes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Disappearance of words ending with «ъ» is due to &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8_1918_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;reform of 1918&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Disappearance of «чорт» (demon) in favor of «чёрт» (or «черт» - dots are usually omitted in print, and Google does not distinguish this letters on purpose) is due to &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE_1956_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;reform of 1956&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Judging from book excerpts,  pre-1918 the word for demon was written both «чортъ» and «чертъ» (bur remember about the homonym). In 1918-1956, this word was almost invariably «чорт» (luckily, no homonyms).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here’s a &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%2C%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%2C%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A&amp;amp;case_insensitive=on&amp;amp;year_start=1900&amp;amp;year_end=1940&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=1&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t4%3B%2C%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8A%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;modified analysis&lt;/a&gt; which focuses on this transition around 1918. Even if we sum the two pre-1918 forms and forget about the homonym, there’s still some rise, though not that dramatic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now to guess the reason: due to revolution, Tsarist censorship system was eliminated. Those censors enforced the state religion of Christianity and polite language as understood by conservative moralists. Frivolous use of a word for a demon, especially as interjection, contradicted both. There were printed works from that period with «&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;черт побери&lt;/a&gt;» and «&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D1%91%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;черт возьми&lt;/a&gt;», but they were relatively rarer. Also look into Dostoevsky’s quote in the second of these links for such moralism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the revolution, old censorship went down and Soviet censorship needed some years to gain traction. The state went officially atheist, religion was persecuted. The writers and journalists switched to “revolutionary style”, imitating the speech of the common people, with ruder interjections included. The people themselves may have started to use it more liberally, now that old religion was considered a prejudice, and breaking its taboos was considered cool.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12019" LastEditorUserId="12019" LastEditDate="2019-07-05T05:46:56.580" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T05:46:56.580" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20139" CreationDate="2019-07-05T06:00:22.273" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are possible versions varying in strength of expression:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эта игра может прекратить своё существование.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Под угрозой само существование этой игры.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эта игра - на пути к полному исчезновению.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эта игра обречена на полное забвение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Эта игра может навсегда исчезнуть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Со временем этой игры не станет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2019-07-05T15:35:55.623" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T15:35:55.623" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20140" CreationDate="2019-07-05T06:02:17.130" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;One reason could be that черт has become a kind of derogatory term in Soviet prisons and gulags to refer to a certain caste of prisoners. Along with козел and later петух. Later these words came into use in the general population as general expletives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of Russian slang and especially мат comes from Russian criminal and prison culture, which is very rich and even has its own language called феня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suggest you do some research into this culture if you want to her a deeper understanding of a lot of Russian slang and its etymology, and understand Russian mentality regarding certain things, such as the particular sort of homophobia present in Russia and CIS, which isn't religion-based.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T06:02:17.130" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20139" CreationDate="2019-07-05T09:33:23.130" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can try the following option:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если ничего не изменится, то игра рано или поздно прекратит свое существование.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This translates to &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If nothing changes, the game will cease to exist at some point in the future. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's probably what you want, according to your description. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt; If you need a &lt;em&gt;title&lt;/em&gt;, try this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Игра, уходящая в историю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which translates to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The game which is becoming to be thing of the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5702" LastEditorUserId="5702" LastEditDate="2019-07-05T09:50:25.487" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T09:50:25.487" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20140" CreationDate="2019-07-05T10:32:01.743" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before the revolution, some people were afraid even to say the word чёрт. There was an expression &quot;поминать чёрта&quot;, which implied that saying this word may somehow &quot;attract&quot; чёрт and cause problems.  Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ульяна не любила поминать черта к ночи и пугалась; но я задаю себе&#xA;  вопрос, не содействовало ли это слишком конкретное представление ада ―&#xA;  при помощи сальной свечки и листа бумаги ― тому, что мы с братом уже в&#xA;  раннем возрасте освободились от страха геенны огненной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Кропоткин &quot;Записки революционера&quot;, 1902)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Петр Кропоткин was born in 1842, so he writes about mid 19th century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After 1917, people turned much less religious, so they did not afraid of devil anymore. Instead, they were afraid of ЧК / НКВД.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T10:32:01.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20071" CreationDate="2019-07-05T10:40:53.127" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also a relatively new abbreviation &quot;ХЗ&quot;, which means &quot;хуй знает&quot;, but it looks much less profane in this abbreviated form, and it is widely used nowadays. I think, a typical passenger in the informal dialog will say here something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы прошли ХЗ сколько проверок, каждая жестче предыдущей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T10:40:53.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20139" CreationDate="2019-07-05T11:00:28.120" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;May be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;это пропащая игра&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would fit? Look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9&lt;/a&gt; punkts 4,5,6&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12234" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T11:00:28.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20140" CreationDate="2019-07-05T11:10:48.290" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Meaning of the word has shifted. Before it had had develish connotations and people avoided to use it. It was not to be told in high society. After 1917 it was usual thing to &quot;break old habits&quot; and atheism was on it's go, so people adored to do, what previously they were not supposed to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12235" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T11:10:48.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20139" CreationDate="2019-07-05T11:22:13.300" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I can see, the following sentence is the key sentence in the problem's description:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If nothing changes before that, the game will collapse at that point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea of a condition &amp;quot;If nothing changes&amp;quot; is usually expressed in two ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если так будет продолжаться дальше, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если ничего не изменится, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the possible result, I can add some other ideas:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;..., эту игру ждет печальный конец.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;..., игра уйдет в прошлое (or в историю)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;..., игра канет в Лету&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Лета&amp;quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethe&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lethe&lt;/a&gt;, &amp;quot;oblivion&amp;quot;) is a river in the underworld in ancient Greek mythology. Dead people drunk water from the river and forgot their past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T11:22:13.300" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20155" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20157" CreationDate="2019-07-05T12:52:49.320" Score="0" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that владеть takes the instrumental case e.g. Я владею русским языком. Does it take the genitive when negated e.g. Я не владею русского языка?&#xA;Is this also true of verbs which take the dative case? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T13:26:09.050" Title="What case do verbs, which take instrumental when positive, take when negative?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20156" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20155" CreationDate="2019-07-05T13:07:18.797" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does it take the genitive when negated e.g. Я не владею русского языка?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. The correct sentence uses Instrumental: “Я не владею русским языком”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is this also true of verbs which take the dative case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. E.g.: “Дать ей еду.” — “Не дать ей еду.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T13:07:18.797" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20155" CreationDate="2019-07-05T13:26:09.050" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is only the &lt;strong&gt;direct object&lt;/strong&gt; which is &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; in the &lt;strong&gt;Accusative case&lt;/strong&gt; in the affirmative sentences that turns into the &lt;strong&gt;Genitive case&lt;/strong&gt; after a verb in the negative form. All the rest of the cases including Instrumental and Dative remain as there were in the negative sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a tendency in the Russian language to have the direct objects in the Accusative case even after the negative verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я читал &lt;strong&gt;эту книгу&lt;/strong&gt;. (Acc.) — Я &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; читал &lt;strong&gt;этой книги&lt;/strong&gt;. (Gen.) / Я &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; читал &lt;strong&gt;эту книгу&lt;/strong&gt;. (Acc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я владею &lt;strong&gt;русским языком&lt;/strong&gt;. (Instr.) / Я &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; владею &lt;strong&gt;русским языком&lt;/strong&gt;. (Instr.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я доверяю &lt;strong&gt;людям&lt;/strong&gt;. (Dat.) / Я &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt; доверяю &lt;strong&gt;людям&lt;/strong&gt;. (Dat.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T13:26:09.050" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20139" CreationDate="2019-07-05T14:47:21.663" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Inspired by your &quot;snowball&quot; analogy  - &quot;рэндзю катится в пропасть&quot; or even &quot;катится ко всем чертям&quot; if you want to be extra expressive.. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, катиться можно &lt;em&gt;в тартарары&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;к катастрофе&lt;/em&gt; и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it's a title of an essay it is currently notoriously popular (read - clichéd) among Russian journalists to use a highly expressive phrase ending with a question mark. Something like: &quot;Рэндзю при смерти?&quot;, &quot;Последние дни Рэндзю(?)&quot; and similar bullshit. Not recommended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: &#xA;Myself I'd rather choose &quot;Как нам реорганизовать Рэндзю?&quot;, which actually fits the topic quite well as far as I can judge (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the origin&lt;/a&gt;, though Google shows that this allusion trick has already been used too. ))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T14:47:21.663" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20139" CreationDate="2019-07-05T15:17:05.833" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want to sound pompous, it's hard to compete with The Bible:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do you think that these Galileans were worse sinners than all the&#xA;  other Galileans, because they suffered this fate? No, I tell you. But&#xA;  unless you repent, &lt;strong&gt;you too will all perish&lt;/strong&gt;. Or those eighteen who were&#xA;  killed when the tower of Siloam collapsed on them: Do you think that&#xA;  they were more sinful than all the others living in Jerusalem? No, I&#xA;  tell you. But unless you repent, &lt;strong&gt;you too will all perish&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which officially translates to Russian as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Думаете ли вы, что эти Галилеяне были грешнее всех Галилеян, что так&#xA;  пострадали? Нет, говорю вам, но, если не покаетесь, &lt;strong&gt;все так же&#xA;  погибнете&lt;/strong&gt;. Или думаете ли, что те восемнадцать человек, на которых&#xA;  упала башня Силоамская и побила их, виновнее были всех, живущих в&#xA;  Иерусалиме? Нет, говорю вам, но, если не покаетесь, &lt;strong&gt;все так же&#xA;  погибнете&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, going back to your sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Или думаете ли, что правила шахмат и го сами по себе недостаточно сложные? Нет, говорю вам, но если не покаетесь, эта игра так же погибнет.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(there's a little problem with this, which is that chess and go aren't quite dead, so if you could replace them with some games that have actually perished because of their over-complicated rules...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9118" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T15:17:05.833" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20140" CreationDate="2019-07-05T15:48:09.083" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;@Neith posted an excellent thought-provoking answer; after I read it, I contemplated the factors he listed and then found myself thinking whether we are not overlooking the elephant in a room. So I decided to post my humble thoughts as an answer in order to complement what @Neith said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess that most Tsarist era writers were highly educated people belonging to the upper classes of the society. They had very good manners, and using rude expressions like &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;чёрт побери&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; was very unnatural to them and perhaps even shameful. After the revolution they fled from Russia en masse and were replaced by new writers, who had belonged to the lower classes of the society and essentially were ill-mannered peasants and workers. Phrases like &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;чёрт побери&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; were their natural expressions, and they saw nothing bad or shameful in using them. And the communists gave them the opportunity to publish books.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, I humbly think that an important factor may be simply the replacement of the writers. Тhe observed rise of use of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;черт&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; may simply reflect the manners of the new authors. As simple as that. And this is the elephant we may be overlooking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Tsarist censorship did not ban the word &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;черт&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; as evidenced by numerous examples of the use of that word in books of the Tsarist era. I especially like this one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ЧОРТ И СМЕРТЬ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Куда, курносая? — Иду я за душою;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Къ кому? — Къ Секретарю, такъ велѣно Судьбою!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Ахъ! какъ проста Судьба: живетъ она въ глуши.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какой въ Секретарѣ, какой искатъ души!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но еслибъ и была, то вѣрь, что прежде смерти,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ту душу за алтынъ купить успѣютъ черти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(From a book of 1841)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a wonderful piece of Russian poetry, and I really like it. It is a very elegant way to express quite an artistic thought. That's a style of a well-educated, highly intellectual Tsarist era writer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And now compare that style with the following piece of poetry of the Communist era:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Их голод не душит, и юнговский план&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не знает дороги в их толстый карман.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Запомни: тоскуют по ним фонари -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они ведь свободны, чорт побери!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(From a book of 1931)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The expression &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;чорт побери&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; was used multiple times in that poem. What I quoted above is just a small excerpt. I think it is a nice illustration of my point about manners of Communist era writers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, I suspect that the rise of use of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;черт&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; may be simply a reflection of manners of new authors who came as a replacement of Tsarist era writers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a general remark, I subjectively find the Tsarist era literature richer, more artistic, and better mannered than the Communist era literature. Most prominent Russian writers were Tsarist era writers. The October Revolution appears to have had a considerable effect on the Russian literature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T17:28:49.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20161" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20163" CreationDate="2019-07-05T17:24:12.423" Score="4" ViewCount="190" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was taught that hypothetical conditional statements in Russian always require the past tense and the hypothetical marker &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; both in the main clause and dependent clause, like in the example below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; у меня &lt;strong&gt;было&lt;/strong&gt; с собой достаточно денег, то я &lt;strong&gt;бы заказала&lt;/strong&gt; мраморную говядину.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since I was taught in this way, I got very much puzzled when I read today the following poem:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ЧОРТ И СМЕРТЬ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Куда, курносая? — Иду я за душою;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Къ кому? — Къ Секретарю, такъ велѣно Судьбою!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Ахъ! какъ проста Судьба: живетъ она въ глуши.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какой въ Секретарѣ, какой искатъ души!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но еслибъ и была, то вѣрь, что прежде смерти,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ту душу за алтынъ купить успѣютъ черти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(From &amp;quot;Сочиненія А. Нахимова, въ стихахъ и прозѣ напечатанныя по смерти его,&amp;quot; 1841)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last two lines seem to be in violation of the rule I was taught, because the grammatical construction of the last two lines seems to boil down to: &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Если бы она была, то верь, что они успеют&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot; My understanding is that the construction should have been: &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Верь, что если бы она была, то они успели бы&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot; The author thus seems to have made two separate grave errors: he put the imperative &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;верь&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; inside a conditional and also failed to use the past tense and the hypothetical marker &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; in the main clause.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would therefore modify the last two lines of the poem as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И вѣрь, что еслибъ и была, то прежде смерти,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ту душу за алтынъ купить успѣлибъ черти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This modification of mine does not even disturb the rhythm, so I am very much puzzled as to why the author did not make such an obvious change to avoid grave grammatical errors or whether my teachers taught me wrongly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: Who is wrong - my teachers or the Russian poet?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, is the construction &amp;quot;если бы она была, то верь, что они успеют&amp;quot; grammatical? If grammatical, I am curious whether the meaning is different from the meaning of the construction I was taught to use. If ungrammatical, I am curious how a talented Russian poet could make such grave grammatical errors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T09:55:27.730" Title="Is the construction &quot;если бы она была, то верь, что они успеют&quot; grammatical?" Tags="&lt;imperative&gt;&lt;clauses&gt;&lt;conditional&gt;&lt;subordinate-clause&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20161" CreationDate="2019-07-05T18:51:52.670" Score="0" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A construction&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Если бы V&lt;sub&gt;past&lt;/sub&gt;, то бы V&lt;sub&gt;past&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is used when both an action and its condition are located in the same (past) period of time, so a speaker regrets that they missed both of them or wishes/dreams about both of them to come true. This is enough for the vast majority of cases, hence your teacher gave you a comprehensive rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;For example:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Даже если бы ты и пришёл, в суде это не имело бы никакого значения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means that a court case is already done in the past, and a possibility to go somewhere expired in the past as well.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, sometimes there are situations where a condition &lt;em&gt;is already satisfied&lt;/em&gt;, but it is not enough to perform an action &lt;em&gt;in the future&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;For example:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Даже если бы ты и пришёл, в суде это не будет иметь никакого значения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means that a possibility to come has already expired (so there is a regret), but a court where it has consequences will still be in the future.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So a phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[...] если б [душа] и была, то [...] [её] за алтын купить успеют черти.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means that whether the soul did or did not exist, the only outcome/consequence/final (its purchase by devils if possible) will come later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7547" LastEditorUserId="7547" LastEditDate="2019-07-05T19:22:36.710" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T19:22:36.710" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20163" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20161" CreationDate="2019-07-05T19:38:22.190" Score="4" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Grammar&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found a couple of relevant articles on RusGram.ru:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5#42&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Сослагательное наклонение&lt;/a&gt;, paragraph 4.2&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C#24&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Модальность&lt;/a&gt;, paragraph 2.4&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quoting the second one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В русском языке отчетливо противопоставлены реальное условие (с будущим временем в обеих частях условной конструкции) и контрфактивное (с сослагательным наклонением), ср. примеры (2а) и (2б) (примеры (2) из [Плунгян 2011: 429–430]). В [Плунгян 2011: 429] для русского языка усматривается также различие между реальным и нереальным (читай, «нереалистичным») условием – оно сводится к вероятности наступления ситуации.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what’s more important, I didn’t find a single example of a sentence like the one your question is about (with «бы» in condition and future tense in another part) in these very long and verbose articles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So we can say this construction is unknown in modern Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Reader’s impression&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, these two forms of conditional statements have pretty close meaning: likely and unlikely situations. As for my reader’s impression, I didn’t immediately notice anything wrong. Generally, poetry justifies more flexible usage of language - I think the rhythm distracts the readers from grammatical peculiarities. Now I read your question and started nitpicking into that text, I’d say it sounds a bit unusual, but not immediately jarring.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Historical analysis&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, we should look who the poet was. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Akim Nakhimov&lt;/a&gt; lived in 1782-1814, and spent most of his life in Kharkiv area. Most of his poetry was stinging satire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Area&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He lived in area associated with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Russian_dialects&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Southern dialect of Russian&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_dialects&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Eastern (Slobozhan) dialect of Ukrainian&lt;/a&gt;. This feature may be dialectic, but I don’t have enough competence to be sure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Time&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He lived and wrote right before &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Alexander Pushkin&lt;/a&gt; (1799-1837). Pushkin is usually credited with canonizing modern Russian literary language, so those who were before him may sound archaic. Pushkin’s language is likely based on Moscow and Petersburg dialects of his time, but that’s another question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Style&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Nakhimov’s time, Lomonosov’s &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%91%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ideas on three styles&lt;/a&gt; were likely still considered authoritative. Satire and comedy corresponded to middle and low style. It was Pushkin who more and more disregarded this and drawn them closer, so they finally merged into one literary language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your teacher is right, such sentences are practically nonexistent in modern Russian language. But this poem is not modern, It was written right before the formative time of  modern Russian - Pushkin’s lifetime. You can generally consider Pushkin’s and later language modern and everything before archaic or early modern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12019" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2019-07-05T19:42:38.177" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T19:42:38.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20164" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20165" CreationDate="2019-07-05T22:15:35.390" Score="4" ViewCount="384" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is an excerpt from a poem by Valery &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valery_Bryusov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Bryusov&lt;/a&gt;, a classic Russian writer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Повлекутъ меня съ собой&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Къ играмъ рыжіе силены;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы натѣшимся съ козой,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гдѣ лужайку сжали стѣны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Всѣмъ настанетъ череда&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выпить острый сокъ услады.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лица скроютъ отъ стыда&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Въ чащахъ бѣлыя дріады.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The poem is entitled &amp;quot;In hac lacrimarum valle&amp;quot; and is a part of Bryusov's book &amp;quot;Urbi et orbi,&amp;quot; published in 1903. Here is a link to the corresponding page of the book: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2_-_Urbi_et_orbi,_1903.pdf/65&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Page 65&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: What does &amp;quot;мы натѣшимся съ козой&amp;quot; mean in this poem?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The literal meaning seems to be, &amp;quot;We will have fun with a female goat,&amp;quot; but I am unsure and also am highly puzzled as to what kind of fun could be implied. I do not know Russian idioms and subtleties of meanings of Russian words as good as native speakers do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am asking because a fellow student gave me this poem as evidence of prevalence of sexual perversity in Russia in that epoch, but I find it hard to believe what he says. It is a poem by a classic Russian writer, published in a book printed in Moscow in 1903. The book must have passed Tsarist censorship. At that time Russia was a highly religious country, and I think that if there had been anything pervert in the book, it would not have been openly published in Russia, in the first place. Moreover, Bryusov was a prominent figure in the literature world, and it is hard to believe that he would openly write any pervert things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I am really puzzled because the poem does appear to imply the pervert thing. In particular, this excerpt contains &amp;quot;лица скроютъ отъ стыда&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;they will hide their faces because of shame&amp;quot;) and &amp;quot;выпить острый сокъ услады&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;to drink spicy juice of pleasure&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What adds to the mystery is that this particular line about a female goat caused the following responses by Russian writers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если взять стихотворение Брюсова «Мы натешимся с козой», то тут объект — коза, субъект — декадентский студент, а в общем — дрянь. (Vladimir Mayakovsky, &lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/mayakovsky/texts/mp0/mpa/mpa-357-.htm?cmd=p&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пусть демоны измаялись в холере, твоя коза с тобою, мой Валерий (From &amp;quot;В море любви&amp;quot; by Innokenty Annensky, &lt;a href=&quot;http://xn----7sbodbm0ak3ayr2a.xn--p1ai/poetry/?verse_id=18992&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А современная поэзия? - &amp;quot;Мы натешимся с козой, где поляну сжали скалы&amp;quot;, а? Или же лучше - Крученых. А четвертьтоновая музыка? А живопись Давида Бурлюка? Ты забыл! Если в душе человека заложено &amp;quot;чувство прекрасного&amp;quot; - это обязывает. Пусть он нисколько не расположен &amp;quot;тешиться с козой&amp;quot;, пусть живопись Бурдюка ему неприятна и даже противна. Но раз последняя глиняная собака Елизаветинской эпохи заняла свое место на полке - выбора нет. (From &amp;quot;Рассказы и очерки&amp;quot; by Georgy Ivanov, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.litmir.me/br/?b=58189&amp;amp;p=21&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am puzzled as to why there have been such responses if there is nothing pervert in Bryusov poem. I am puzzled as to why the line about a female goat caught such attention by writers. And if the poem is pervert indeed, then I am puzzled as to how a classic Russian writer could so openly write and publish it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I humbly hope that native speakers can shed light on this matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-22T21:43:41.283" Title="What does &quot;мы натешимся с козой &quot; mean in Bryusov's poem?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20164" CreationDate="2019-07-05T23:02:44.023" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;They all the poets of the so-called &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_Age_of_Russian_Poetry&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Silver Age of the Russian poetry&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, the 1890s–1920s, considered Bryusov a demonic figure, the &quot;dark side&quot;, there's no surprise they ascribed pervert stuff to his poetry. The &lt;em&gt;силены&lt;/em&gt; he mentions are &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silenus&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;sileni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, satyr-like creatures, archetypal tricksters of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Greek sacred mysteries&lt;/a&gt;. The early 20th century obsession with the occult stuff is well-known, there's nothing strange about it. And the moral side of the Classic Greek culture has long been known to go right against the early 20th century traditional morals. Besides, you've got to always keep it in mind that even when the author writes &quot;I&quot; or &quot;we&quot; it &lt;em&gt;doesn't&lt;/em&gt; necessarily mean him personally, it means the protagonist of his work. People often forget about it and associate the author with the protagonist, but it's the same fault as associating an actor with his character in the play, or shouting in the theater, &quot;Turn around! There's a murderer behind you!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And once again, do you really think this question is about the Russian language?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-07-05T23:02:44.023" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20161" CreationDate="2019-07-06T09:55:27.730" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to add to the other answers, if the clause after the conditional is negative, future tense is ok, especially if time is specified, like &quot;прежде смерти&quot;, but if positive it's not. Although, in your example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not ok:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если бы у меня было с собой достаточно денег, то я закажу мраморную говядину.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Okish:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Даже если бы у меня было с собой достаточно денег, я все равно не стану заказывать мраморную говядину.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter still sounds strange because when we talk about ourselves and use the future tense we usually mean a plan of action that we have decided on, so using it with a conditional is strange.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In second or third person though, future tense is also often used to mean habit or high probably of something happening.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More natural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Даже если бы у него было с собой достаточно денег, он все равно не станет заказывать мраморную говядину.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not that first person is wrong, but just rarely used that way.&#xA;Perhaps someone knows the grammatical rules regarding this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T09:55:27.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20137" CreationDate="2019-07-06T10:10:22.730" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are several diminutive forms in the Russian language, like in Spanish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, the first of diminutive for mouse is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;мышка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (small mouse), but there are possibly some other forms with gradually progressing grades of diminutive (but I think they are much rarely used for mouse itself), for example - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;мышенька&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (very small mouse) and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;мышечка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (also very small mouse, rarely used but possible).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12241" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-07-07T10:36:13.300" LastActivityDate="2019-07-07T10:36:13.300" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20168" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13991" CreationDate="2019-07-06T10:18:41.940" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have a friend with officialy name &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Данил&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and he rejects other forms like &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Данила&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Даниил&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12241" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T10:18:41.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20169" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20139" CreationDate="2019-07-06T10:28:57.903" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;How about &quot;Игра: Близится ее смерть&quot;?&#xA;Since you want continuous time this could help&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12242" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T10:28:57.903" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20170" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8147" CreationDate="2019-07-06T10:46:55.900" Score="-1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I think in case of the mammoth he (discoverer) was &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ярков&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the French Wikipedia stands for Zharkov (&lt;a href=&quot;https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarkov_(mammouth)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarkov_(mammouth)&lt;/a&gt; )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Excuse me, my first hypotesis is wrong. Here is the link (&lt;a href=&quot;https://kocmi.ru/mamont-zharkova.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://kocmi.ru/mamont-zharkova.html&lt;/a&gt;) to the russian source with the correct discoverer's surname (so it is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Жарков&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12241" LastEditorUserId="12241" LastEditDate="2019-07-06T11:51:21.700" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T11:51:21.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20171" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20173" CreationDate="2019-07-06T14:02:46.673" Score="5" ViewCount="1065" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am looking for an indigenous Russian word for women who entertained guests at social gatherings in Russia. To put it simply, I am looking for a Russian analogue of geisha.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to find such a word on my own, but found only an intriguing statement in Wikipedia:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вместе с тем для обозначения подобных артисток и их профессии, как в японском, так и в остальных мировых языках, включая русский, встречаются и другие наименования. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This statement says there is a Russian word for that, but does not name that word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-07-06T14:07:59.020" LastActivityDate="2019-07-08T11:25:15.547" Title="What was the profession 芸者 (female entertainer) called in Russia?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20139" CreationDate="2019-07-06T14:06:08.747" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;у игры нет будущего&lt;br&gt;&#xA;путь в никуда&lt;br&gt;&#xA;будущее игры выглядит достаточно мрачно&lt;br&gt;&#xA;не удивляйся если в русском языке и правда не окажется нужного выражения, facts don't care как говорится.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12245" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T14:06:08.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20173" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20171" CreationDate="2019-07-06T14:59:59.210" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of a native Slavic word for this profession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since this profession has come to Russia from the West, Russian uses loanwords to describe it: &lt;em&gt;куртизанка, кокотка, демимонденка, гетера, эскортница&lt;/em&gt; etc., including &lt;em&gt;гейша&lt;/em&gt; itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note, however, that all those words (except &lt;em&gt;гейша&lt;/em&gt; naturally) don't describe a woman who would do exactly what a geisha would do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's why we all know the word &quot;geisha&quot; in the first place: if we had an exact native word for a geisha, we would not need the Japanese word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T14:59:59.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20171" CreationDate="2019-07-06T15:06:11.877" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вместе с тем для обозначения подобных артисток и их профессии, как в японском, так и в остальных мировых языках, включая русский, встречаются и другие наименования.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose this piece of text means &quot;there are some other words for geisha&quot;, i. e. &quot;other words for this Japanese profession&quot; because there is no such profession in Russian culture.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays, there is a word with a similar meaning - &quot;аниматор&quot;. Usually &quot;аниматор&quot; is a person who entertains children on birthdays. Also, hotels in Turkey which work on &quot;all inclusive&quot; model, have animators for adults.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;As for the word &quot;массовик-затейник&quot; proposed by Quassnoi in comments, it is a word from the Soviet epoch, which means more or less the same as &quot;аниматор&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastEditorUserId="4481" LastEditDate="2019-07-06T18:50:38.620" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T18:50:38.620" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20139" CreationDate="2019-07-06T15:51:27.597" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Игра будет забыта.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it is the shortest way to say it.&#xA;And It sounds really Russian. Hope it helps you. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12246" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T15:51:27.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20139" CreationDate="2019-07-06T17:02:34.270" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Такими темпами игра умрет.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Игра (стоит) на пути к гибели/забвению.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Also, you said you don't like &lt;strong&gt;игру ждет смерть&lt;/strong&gt;, but it's actually closer in meaning to &lt;em&gt;the game is going to die&lt;/em&gt; rather than &lt;em&gt;the game will die&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T17:02:34.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20139" CreationDate="2019-07-06T17:07:07.107" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Taking the context into account (the game is traditional, no novices want to learn it due to it being unfashionable and having convoluted rules) it looks like the closest match for the situation is &quot;endangered language&quot;. The host of problems an endangered language faces looks exactly the same - fewer and fewer speak it, it's unfashionable, the rules are too complicated, creating a high barrier for entry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And for languages like this, we have the following terms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Исчезающие языки&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Вымирающие языки&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you agree with this, then the most succinct and natural translation to Russian would be one of the following two:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;вымирающая игра&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;исчезающая игра&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: Quickly did some research after having written the post, and here's a video on YouTube where a guy talks about &quot;games that have already perished or are going to perish soon&quot;, note the title of his video. He's presenting for the Russian-speaking community, and used this phrase without blinking an eye, so it seems, indeed, to be the most natural for us:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMxvzB15SQg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Вымирающие игры&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12248" LastEditorUserId="12248" LastEditDate="2019-07-07T13:52:23.673" LastActivityDate="2019-07-07T13:52:23.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20171" CreationDate="2019-07-06T18:59:31.800" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Тамада.&#xA;It can be a woman or man. This person entertains guests at social gatherings like wedding, parties, in Russia.&#xA;It reflects only this part of geisha.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12246" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T18:59:31.800" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20179" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20181" CreationDate="2019-07-06T19:12:21.273" Score="1" ViewCount="285" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to know the Russian word for a suicide committed by a warrior when he failed at his duties or wanted to avoid being captured, with the suicide motivation being to restore honor for himself and his family.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recall reading about General Alexander Samsonov, who committed a suicide following the military disaster at Tannenberg, and I vaguely recall reading about some other Russian officers who, like Samsonov, committed a suicide in relation to &quot;честь офицера.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that the general Russian word for a suicide is &quot;самоубийство,&quot; but I want to learn a more specific term reflecting what I described above. I was unable to find any such Russian word on my own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T19:41:51.523" Title="What is the Russian word for a suicide committed by a warrior to restore honor?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20130" CreationDate="2019-07-06T19:15:29.697" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian language, we skip &quot;to be&quot; in the present tense. I am a student. Я студент. But in past and future we use it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12246" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T19:15:29.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20179" CreationDate="2019-07-06T19:35:10.647" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian culture doesn't have a tradition similar to харакири/сэппуку. Servicemen were never obliged to rinse their dishonor with blood. To my knowledge there's no succinct term for this act.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a phrase &lt;strong&gt;смыть позор / пятно позора / бесчестье кровью&lt;/strong&gt;. However it rather refers to restoration of one's good name by way of exceptional valor in the battle and not necessarily with death, suffering a wound is also a valid way to achieve that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-07-06T19:41:51.523" LastActivityDate="2019-07-06T19:41:51.523" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20171" CreationDate="2019-07-07T09:06:38.280" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Тамада&quot; is a man or a woman, who entertains guests at weddings, bithdays and so on, organizing contests and games. Usually it takes place at weddings and anniversaries in restaurants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Эскорт&quot; is a woman (or a number of them) who are going to different places with somebody who pays them, but actually their job usually (not always) includes intimate services as well. There are differencies between &quot;эскорт&quot; and prostitutes, you can read articles about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Аниматор&quot; is a someone who entertains you (with contests, games, quests, etc.) and you pay them only for that. Usually &quot;аниматоры&quot; are being paid to entertain children when their parents are eating in restaurants, relaxing at the seaside and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12217" LastEditorUserId="12217" LastEditDate="2019-07-08T11:25:15.547" LastActivityDate="2019-07-08T11:25:15.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20184" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20187" CreationDate="2019-07-07T16:23:31.757" Score="6" ViewCount="1524" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: What is the proper or most usual/standard way to translate the Turkish common phrase &quot;kusura bakmasınlar&quot; to Russian?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me now explain why I got interested as well as the meaning and usage of that Turkish phrase and the research I have done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian media and the Russian presidential website claim that Turkey's President Erdoğan apologized for shooting down a Russian military plane in his 2016 letter addressed to Putin (&lt;a href=&quot;https://tass.ru/politika/3407975&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link1&lt;/a&gt;),(&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/page/171&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link2&lt;/a&gt;), but a central Turkish news agency, Anadolu, claims that the letter &quot;did not include any words of 'apology'&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.aa.com.tr/en/todays-headlines/erdogan-s-letter-to-putin-does-not-include-apology-/599158&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link3&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2016/06/160624_erdogan_rusya&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;According&lt;/a&gt; to Erdoğan's spokesman İbrahim Kalın, the exact original expression in the letter is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;kusura bakmasınlar diyorum&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Diyorum&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; means &quot;I say,&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;kusura bakmasınlar&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is a form of the common Turkish expression &quot;&lt;strong&gt;kusura bakma&lt;/strong&gt;.&quot; &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Kusura&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is the dative case of the noun &quot;&lt;strong&gt;kusur&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; which is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kusur&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;defined&lt;/a&gt; in Wiktionary as &quot;defect, fault, flaw,&quot; whilst &quot;&lt;strong&gt;bakma&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is the second-person singular negative imperative of the verb &quot;&lt;strong&gt;bakmak&lt;/strong&gt;,&quot; which is the Turkish verb for &quot;to look,&quot; so the literal meaning of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;kusura bakma&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is &quot;do not look at the fault.&quot; Here is how a native Turkish speaker explains the usage of &quot;&lt;strong&gt;kusura bakma&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For example, you are at your friend's house, you dropped the glass and it got broken, you would say: Kusura bakma, or Kusuruma bakma &lt;em&gt;lit. please neglect my fault&lt;/em&gt;. Or perhaps, you met a friend of yours after a long time, he used to be married but not anymore, however you don't know that. You might say: &quot;So, are you two still dreaming about having twins?&quot;. He would tell you that he got divorced, to which you could say: &quot;Aah! Kusura bakma ya...&quot;.  (&lt;a href=&quot;https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/%C3%96z%C3%BCr-dilerim-vs-kusura-bakma-vs-afedersiniz.2048084/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another native Turkish speaker told me via Facebook that the purpose of saying &quot;&lt;strong&gt;kusura bakma&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is to inform that the fault was unintentional. &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Bakmasınlar&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is  the third-person plural negative imperative of the same verb &quot;&lt;strong&gt;bakmak&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://turkishteatime.com/turkish-grammar-guide/imperative&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;) and literally means &quot;they should not look,&quot; so &quot;&lt;strong&gt;kusura bakmasınlar&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; literally means &quot;the fault should not be looked at.&quot; This sounds different from the official Kremin translation (&quot;извините&quot;) and seems to confirm the words of the Anadolu news agency that there was no apology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I am looking for is how &quot;&lt;strong&gt;kusura bakmasınlar&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; is usually translated to Russian in, e.g., books or movies. The key question for me is whether the official Kremlin translation is different from the standard practice of translating that phrase to Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did my own research, but it has not been fruitful. In Reverso there are no Turkish-Russian translations. Reverso has a few Turkish-English translations of that phrase, but they are conflicting - &quot;regrets&quot; vs &quot;apologies.&quot; On the Internet I found conflicting statements as to what Russian translation is correct, with the suggested variants being &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://iz.ru/news/619714&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;не взыщите&lt;/a&gt;,&quot; &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://echo.msk.ru/blog/yashar/1791684-echo/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;не обессудьте / не судите строго за ошибку&lt;/a&gt;,&quot; and &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://iz.ru/news/619900&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;извините&lt;/a&gt;.&quot; I was unable to find any examples of translation of that phrase in books or movies.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-07-08T02:03:27.280" LastActivityDate="2019-07-08T02:03:27.280" Title="How to properly translate the key phrase of Erdoğan's 2016 letter to Putin, &quot;kusura bakmasınlar,&quot; to Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20184" CreationDate="2019-07-07T17:51:13.420" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;My answer may sound flippant but based on what i've managed to gather from your explanation, &lt;em&gt;semantically&lt;/em&gt; (not stylistically) suitable Russian equivalents may be slangy imperatives &lt;strong&gt;забей&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;не заморачивайся&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In more decent terms &lt;strong&gt;не обращай внимания, не бери (дурное) в голову&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first 2 variants you listed are good literary alternatives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My suggestions stem from my understanding of the phrase connotation in  the exchange between Erdogan and Putin. In the situation of a broken glass the slangy and colloquial expressions i mentioned &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;will sound inconsiderate and rude&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; just as they would in a diplomatic correspondence. And they aren't suitable semantically at all in the situation with a divorced friend. In Russian in such situation one would either say &lt;strong&gt;a, извини, не знал&lt;/strong&gt; (women &lt;strong&gt;ой, извини, не знала&lt;/strong&gt;) or without apology simply &lt;strong&gt;а, не знал&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;ой, не знала&lt;/strong&gt;), because there's essentially nothing to apologize for. For having semblance of apology &lt;strong&gt;сожалею&lt;/strong&gt; can be said.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-07-07T18:47:15.610" LastActivityDate="2019-07-07T18:47:15.610" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20187" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20184" CreationDate="2019-07-07T19:14:54.503" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is what good Russian-Turkish dictionaries printed before 2015 write about &lt;strong&gt;kusura bakma&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Юсипова Р.Р., Турецко-русский словарь, Москва, &#xA;Русский язык — Медиа, 2005. Около 80 000 слов и выражений. Страница 376:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rw1xb.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/rw1xb.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Юсипова Р.Р.&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The next one is by a famous Soviet turkologist &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Baskakov_(linguist)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nikolai Baskakov&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Баскаков Н.А., Турецко-русский словарь, Москва, Русский язык, 1977. 48 000 слов. Страница 576:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YAzug.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YAzug.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Баскаков Н.А.&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, both dictionaries translate the phrase as &lt;em&gt;простите, извините&lt;/em&gt;, and also as &lt;em&gt;не взыщите&lt;/em&gt; which I like the most, since the Turkish expression really does not contain Turkish verbs for &lt;em&gt;прощать&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;извинять&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Не взыщите&lt;/em&gt; actually means the same, but it is constructed more like the Turkish phrase, with a negation, and it can be roughly translated as &quot;don't make me pay [for it]; don't prosecute [me], do not hold it against me&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Взыскать&lt;/a&gt; on Wiktionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-07-07T19:14:54.503" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20188" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20189" CreationDate="2019-07-08T14:57:19.477" Score="8" ViewCount="3070" Body="&lt;p&gt;Prostitution is referred to as the oldest profession, but the modern Russian word for a prostitute, &quot;проститутка,&quot; is a relatively new &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/prostitute&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;borrowing&lt;/a&gt;, which started being used in the Russian language just &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&amp;amp;year_start=1600&amp;amp;year_end=2000&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a couple of centuries ago&lt;/a&gt;. I am curious what the prostitutes were called in Russia before. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: What are the original Russian words or short expressions for women who regularly engage in sexual activity for payment to make a living?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please kindly note that my question is not about women who have many casual sexual encounters or relationships just for fun. My question is about making a living in this way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please also kindly note that my question is not about being financially supported or provided for by a lover. My question is  about selling sex to different customers and taking money for individual sex sessions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, my question is not about old words that recently acquired an additional meaning as a slang word for a prostitute, like  &quot;фея.&quot; I am looking for words that were used as standard words for a prostitute before the word &quot;проститутка&quot; came into existence in the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is not strictly limited to words of Slavic origin, although my primary interest is about them. At any rate, only those borrowed words qualify that were borrowed well before the word &quot;проститутка&quot; was.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Б word&lt;/a&gt;, but my impression is that it is very derogatory, so I especially want to learn nice Russian words, similar to 遊女 (woman of pleasure), which pay more respect to the oldest profession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-07-15T11:25:22.113" Title="What are the original Russian words for a prostitute?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20188" CreationDate="2019-07-08T15:23:32.257" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;At least starting from XVIIth century - we know it through some legislation acts banning prostitution, such women were called &quot;бродячие женщины&quot;,  as well as &quot;непотребные женщины&quot;. For instance, in 1750 Catherine the Great signed act &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1475578?ThemeID=1480858&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;called&lt;/a&gt; &quot;О поимке и приводе в Главную Полицию непотребных жён и девок&quot;. Other recognizable idioms were &quot;уличная девка&quot; or &quot;продажная девка&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The casual word - one that was not in legislative acts I guess would be &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%85%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;шлюха&quot;&lt;/a&gt;. Other words, like &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;блядь&quot;&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;шалава&quot;&lt;/a&gt; are closer to just being you know, let's put it this way - sexually open-minded. There's also a biblical term &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;блудница&quot;&lt;/a&gt; which also was quite often used till the October revolution. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-08T18:01:47.870" LastActivityDate="2019-07-08T18:01:47.870" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20188" CreationDate="2019-07-08T19:30:00.103" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a passage in an anonymous XVI century missal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ціи корчму и блудныя жены держалъ на блужение приходящимъ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Ask him if) he has ever held a tavern and employed prostitutes to serve its visitors&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Блудная жена&lt;/em&gt; here unequivocally means a prostitute.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In XII century &amp;quot;Kyrik's Enquiry&amp;quot; (&lt;em&gt;Вопрошание Кириково&lt;/em&gt;) there's another passage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Просфуры такой женѣ пещи аже бы не бляла, аже бы чиста; аще ли будеть нечиста, тогда да не печеть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prosphora should be baked by a woman who is not engaged in harlotry and is (ritually) pure. When she's impure, she should not be baking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some scholars believe it's an indication of existence of prostitution as a trade in Old Novgorod.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case the word &lt;em&gt;блядь&lt;/em&gt; would mean a professional prostitute as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-08T19:30:00.103" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20188" CreationDate="2019-07-09T06:44:14.847" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Neutral - &quot;девушка лёгкого поведения&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rude - &quot;шлюха&quot;, &quot;шалава&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually people use &quot;шлюха&quot; or &quot;проститутка&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12217" LastActivityDate="2019-07-09T06:44:14.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19764" CreationDate="2019-07-09T07:02:21.207" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wanna add my $0.02. As someone who grew up in Russia and went through school there. I'd say, writing other than cursive would just slow me down. Because in cursive your blue line just flows from one letter to the other. In block letters you would always have to stop, pause, find a new spot for your letter and continue writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12262" LastActivityDate="2019-07-09T07:02:21.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20193" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20188" CreationDate="2019-07-09T07:05:02.673" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Блядь, шлюха, шалава. Первое считается нецензурным и запрещено к употреблению в публичных местах, средствах массовой информации (попало под запрет со времен имератрицы Екатерины Великой), вторые два могут встречаться в художественной литературе (например, у Чехова), но в отличие от проститутки, не являются употребимыми в СМИ. Также встречается и понятен практически всем полонизм (то есть заимствование из польского языка) &quot;курва&quot;.&#xA;В разговоре употребляются также слова &quot;давалка&quot;, &quot;фея&quot;, в качестве полуофицального эвфемизма - выражение &quot;девушка легкого поведения&quot;, &quot;ночная бабочка&quot; и т.п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11922" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-09T09:09:58.723" LastActivityDate="2019-07-09T09:09:58.723" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20188" CreationDate="2019-07-09T18:26:22.933" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want a neutral term, there is &quot;жрица любви&quot;, which probably would not be used as an official term, but it has been used in literature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10729" LastActivityDate="2019-07-09T18:26:22.933" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20195" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20198" CreationDate="2019-07-10T14:35:25.607" Score="0" ViewCount="337" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian language has the past passive participle (&quot;нарезанный&quot;) and the present passive participle (&quot;нарезаемый&quot;), but does not have the future passive participle, whilst the Latin language does. It is called gerundive. I am curious how I can elegantly and precisely translate gerundives to Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's consider this well-known Latin phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) mutatis mutandis &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase is in the ablative case, with both words being participles of the verb &quot;mutare&quot; (&quot;to change&quot;). The first word is a past participle (&quot;having been changed&quot;), whilst the second word - a gerundive (&quot;to be changed&quot;), so the meaning of the whole phrase is &quot;having changed what is/has/needs to be changed,&quot; with the ablative case showing that  the clause is a necessary condition for the rest of the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A typical Russian translation of Phrase (1) is &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;http://europeancourt.ru/slovarik/mutatis-mutandis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;с заменой того, что подлежит замене&lt;/a&gt;,&quot; but this is really an ugly bulky construction that is more than two times longer than the original Latin phrase. I want something elegant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) agnus caedundus (a lamb to be slaughtered)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) Carthago delenda est.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sentence (3) literally means &quot;Карфаген является подлежащим уничтожению,&quot; but is often expressed in Russian as &quot;Карфаген должен быть разрушен,&quot; which is still almost two times longer than the original Latin phrase and apparently somewhat changes the connotation just as the phrase &quot;the exercises for doing&quot; has a connotation different from the phrase &quot;the exercises must be done.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: Is there an elegant tool in the Russian language to translate gerundives in Phrases (1)-(3)?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am looking for a Russian grammatical tool or trick that allows a short elegant translation that is not substantially longer than the original phrase and does not alter the connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T02:15:07.677" Title="How can I elegantly translate gerundives to Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;participle&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20196" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20197" CreationDate="2019-07-10T14:55:23.830" Score="3" ViewCount="216" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am often confused by phrases like &quot;не должен прочитать,&quot; &quot;не должен сделать,&quot; &quot;не должен работать,&quot; &quot;не должен платить&quot; and so on. Sometimes the negation appears to refer to &quot;должен,&quot; and sometimes - to the subsequent verb (i.e., to &quot;прочитать&quot; or whatever follows after &quot;должен&quot;). That is, I often get confused as to which interpretation is correct - &quot;is not obliged to read&quot; or &quot;is obliged not to read.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: Is there any simple rule or trick to determine which verb is implied to be negated in phrases like  &quot;не должен прочитать&quot;?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There might be some rule I am not aware of. Or should I always assume that both interpretations are possible unless one of them is excluded by the context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T10:15:05.030" Title="Meaning of the negation in phrases like &quot;не должен прочитать&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20196" CreationDate="2019-07-10T15:01:18.933" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually (usually), imperfective means &quot;should not be doing it&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он не должен это читать // He cannot be required to be reading this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and perfective means &quot;should be not doing it&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он не должен это прочитать // He is not allowed to read that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-07-10T15:01:18.933" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20195" CreationDate="2019-07-10T17:01:50.430" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Each case should be addressed separately, there's no single rule. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's start with &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В русском языке похожее значение иногда могут иметь прилагательные на&#xA;  основе пассивных причастий настоящего времени с суффиксом -м-:&#xA;  например, непобедимый означает тот, которого невозможно победить (ср.&#xA;  с нормальными причастиями типа гонимый — тот, которого гонят, а не&#xA;  тот, которого следует гнать).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What politely called &quot;иногда&quot; in the article is to be honest almost never. &#xA;There's no gerundive in Russian language and there's no one-to-one correspondence between language constructs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, &quot;танцующая&quot; is &quot;та, що танцює&quot; in Ukrainian - literally &quot;та, что танцует&quot; - in Ukrainian there's no participles at all. But asking a question like &quot;what would be better to say, this sound clumsy to me&quot; would be a strange thing to do. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, it seems strange to me that you've actually googled before asking - and, for instance, it's easily found that &quot;mutatis mutandis&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mutatis_mutandis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;can be translated like&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;с заменой того, что подлежит замене&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;с учётом соответствующих различий&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;с изменениями, вытекающими из обстоятельств&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;с необходимыми изменениями&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But for some reason you've choose one of them, called it typical and than labeled it bulky and ugly. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of the rest of phrases listed - following the excellent comment from Quassnoi, one can say something like &quot;ягнёнок на убой&quot;  for &quot;agnus caedundus&quot; and indeed, &quot;Карфаген на снос&quot; (like you know, &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://otvet.mail.ru/question/8179015&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;судью на мыло&lt;/a&gt;&quot;) - but exactly this form will sound funny to a Russian speaker. When it come to languages, elegancy is not always about making something shorter.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-10T17:07:21.960" LastActivityDate="2019-07-10T17:07:21.960" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20199" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20200" CreationDate="2019-07-10T22:24:09.090" Score="3" ViewCount="199" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you understand the sentence &quot;Князь Долгорукий стал было во главе обороны&quot; taken from the novel Белая Гвардия by Bulgakov (about revolution period in Kiev)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Когда гетмана спрашивали: что же дальше будет? – он успокаивал:&#xA;  „Отстоим, отстоим…“ &lt;strong&gt;Князь Долгорукий стал было во главе обороны.&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  Тщетные усилия! Через два дня гетман с остатками немцев покинул Киев.&#xA;  Город был обречен. Всё притаилось… Наступила зловещая тишина… Потом&#xA;  послышалась издали музыка, замелькали на улицах петлюровские солдаты –&#xA;  Киев заняли новые властители...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand this sentence as a form of free  indirect speech (несобственно прямая речь), conveying the hetman's thought, i.e.: Yuri Dolgoruki is going to protect the hetman's army.&#xA;But I feel in trouble with the phrasing стал было. Usually, as far as I know, the use of было after a verb (хотел было, стал было...) suggests the action has been imagined/wanted, but not achieved, or started but not finished. Here I would rather attribute the use of было to the free indirect speech (given that Dolgoruki lived in Middle Age and could not &lt;em&gt;really&lt;/em&gt; lead the White Army in 1919). Or should it be understood as &quot;Yuri Dolgoruki was about to take the head of the defense&quot;?&#xA;Also, I tend to understand this sentence as expressing a confidence in Yuri Dologoruki's &lt;strong&gt;protection&lt;/strong&gt;, more than in the fact he would lead the army.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of this might look like details, but I need to understand this sentence quite subtly in order to translate it (into French) properly...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11924" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-11T04:40:54.200" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T16:07:00.760" Title="How to understand «стал было во главе обороны»?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20200" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20199" CreationDate="2019-07-11T00:06:13.863" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This construct is a relic of old Slavic pluperfect tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;кто-то делал / сделал было что-то&lt;/em&gt; is usually followed by some kind of a &amp;quot;but&amp;quot;, and means &amp;quot;someone had been doing / had done something, but then something else happened, cancelling the effect&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your sentence means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Duke Dolgoruky (&lt;em&gt;sic&lt;/em&gt;) had become in charge of the defense. All in vain!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This excerpt is not from Bulgakov's novel but from a memoir by Eulogius of Paris.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The person who he is talking about is not Yuri Dolgoruky but &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Duke Alexander Dolgorukov&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple more examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я закричал, вскочил было на ноги, но тут же упал, запутавшись в мешке.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;I screamed and had got back to my feet but fell down again right away, caught in the sack.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он пошёл было из комнаты, но вдруг воротился&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;He had been heading out of the room but suddenly went back.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T16:07:00.760" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20199" CreationDate="2019-07-11T00:11:01.747" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Started but not finished&quot; is the closest option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The next sentence says &lt;em&gt;Тщетные усилия!&lt;/em&gt; (All in vain / Wasted effort). &#xA;So, &lt;em&gt;стал &lt;strong&gt;было&lt;/strong&gt; во главе обороны&lt;/em&gt; means that he did become the head of city's defense, but couldn't really achieve anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pay attention that &lt;em&gt;стал&lt;/em&gt; is a homonym. &lt;em&gt;Cтать&lt;/em&gt; may mean either &quot;to begin&quot;: &quot;стал защищать&quot; or &quot;to become&quot;: &quot;стал гетманом&quot;. The expression &lt;em&gt;стал было&lt;/em&gt; is most commonly used in the first sense: &quot;tried to begin&quot;, but here the second sense is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, Dolgorukiy is the family name; Yuri Dolgorukiy is its best-known representative, but there are many others. It even looks like Bulgakov made a common mistake and the real name was Dolgorukov:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TWWMq.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TWWMq.png&quot; alt=&quot;Белый фронт генерала Юденича Рутыч Н Н&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="587" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T00:11:01.747" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20199" CreationDate="2019-07-11T06:39:27.293" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this particular case &quot;было&quot; is not a verb but rather a grammatical particle, or, more precise, clitic, that is, a morpheme that as syntactic characteristics of a word, but depends phonologically on another word or phrase. Just for the sake of completeness, it's in the majority of cases &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitic#Enclitic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;enclitic&lt;/a&gt;, since usually it appears after it host. As a clitic &quot;было&quot; always appears in conjunction with a verb in paste tense or a perfective participle. Let's call that verb &quot;the action&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's more or less complete list of what the usage of this participle can stand for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The action was supposed to happen but nevertheless haven't happened.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The action started but was not finished.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The action actually happened but the result of the action was cancelled. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your particular case it looks like Dolgorukiy was the head of the defense for a miserably short period of time and that this attempt failed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to know more (and tolerate Russian linguistic academic language - I hate it by the way) - here's a &lt;a href=&quot;http://issuesinlinguistics.ru/pubfiles/2009-4_72-86.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;very nice overview&lt;/a&gt; of &quot;было&quot; usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-11T06:54:11.303" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T06:54:11.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10645" CreationDate="2019-07-11T07:31:14.800" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Незабвенный это прилагательное, что означает лишь придание другому слову усилению каких-то красок. В нашем случае это слово память. Незабвенная память, незабываемая, постоянная.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот пример, взят с сайта дословно.рф (&lt;a href=&quot;https://%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE.%D1%80%D1%84/%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://дословно.рф/значение/незабвенный&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;А незабвенный кот Бегемот, увековеченный в булгаковском романе,&#xA;  &quot;аукнулся&quot; москвичам появлением необычного призрака.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12267" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T07:31:14.800" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20199" CreationDate="2019-07-11T07:35:01.780" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;БЫЛО - частица употребляется при обозначении того, что действие началось или предполагалось, но в силу каких-л. причин, обстоятельств было прервано или не завершилось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE.%D1%80%D1%84/%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5/%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://дословно.рф/значение/было&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть, Князь Долгорукий по куску текста встал на защиту в момент нападения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12267" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T07:35:01.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20139" CreationDate="2019-07-11T07:39:17.757" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эта игра обречена&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эта игра может быть закрыта&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12267" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-07-18T18:02:21.910" LastActivityDate="2019-07-18T18:02:21.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20164" CreationDate="2019-07-11T07:45:08.817" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это означает &quot;получить наслаждение&quot;, &quot;удовольствие или удовлетворение&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE.%D1%80%D1%84/%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://дословно.рф/значение/натешиться&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Народ спешил &lt;strong&gt;натешиться&lt;/strong&gt; за ярмарочный день, поскольку остальные дни года давали мало поводов для веселья.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12267" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T07:45:08.817" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20196" CreationDate="2019-07-11T10:09:18.893" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say - no trick needed. &quot;(не должен) прочитать&quot; has the same meaning as &quot;должен (не прочитать)&quot; - there is no differnce in result: you have an obligation to that book not to be read. There is no significant difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you want a rule - in general &quot;is obliged not to read&quot; is prefered in almoust any case ( when I translate Russuan to English I have to watch context of &lt;em&gt;English&lt;/em&gt; phrase). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Not obliged to read&quot; should be translated to Russian as &quot;не обязан читать&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastEditorUserId="11885" LastEditDate="2019-07-11T10:15:05.030" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T10:15:05.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20208" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20209" CreationDate="2019-07-11T11:28:24.890" Score="3" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Du &lt;strong&gt;beliebst&lt;/strong&gt; zu scherzen! Nichts liegt mir ferner! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;You just &lt;strong&gt;love&lt;/strong&gt; to joke! {/ you've got to be joking!} Nothing is further from my mind!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We were having a conversation in German, and I'm wondering how the same idea is commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In German, the verb &quot;lieben&quot; is as straightforward as &quot;love/like sth.&quot;, while &quot;belieben&quot; shares a similar meaning and yet is often used &lt;strong&gt;ironically&lt;/strong&gt;, the implication being that you think your interlocutor might actually not be joking...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Ты&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;конечно же&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;шутишь&lt;/strong&gt;!&quot; sprang to mind as its Russian equivalent, but is there a better alternative that conveys the ironic sense of &quot;belieben&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-07-11T11:51:19.817" LastActivityDate="2019-07-16T11:09:08.933" Title="Russian equivalents of the ironic German expression &quot;Du beliebst zu scherzen!&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;german&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20208" CreationDate="2019-07-11T11:45:06.037" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ну ты [и]&quot; or &quot;да ты&quot; following with anything can sound quite ironically, in this particular case I can imagine:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ну ты и шутник!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ну ты и остряк!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Да ты просто юморист!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Экий вы остряк!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;beliebst&quot; in that case is omitted completely because translations are not always literal. However one will insist that it somehow should be translated as well, I'd go with &quot;охотник&quot; like in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ну и охотник вы пошутить, Василий Петрович!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, one of strong sides of Russian language is that almost anything can sound ironical if one will intentionally decides to sound ironical like: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Любите вы пошутить, Василий Петрович!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to want to make sure that this was a joke but at the same time give someone a hint that even if it's a joke, it's not funny you can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это вы сейчас так пошутили, да?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это шутка такая сейчас была?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-11T11:51:11.507" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T11:51:11.507" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15771" CreationDate="2019-07-11T17:03:25.807" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Так in Russian has different values.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It can be an intensifier, as in the following example:&#xA;a. Я &lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt; рада, что вы пришли!&#xA;I'm &lt;strong&gt;so&lt;/strong&gt; happy you came!&#xA;in French : je suis &lt;strong&gt;si&lt;/strong&gt; heureuse que vous soyez venus !&#xA;where the speaker is not only happy, but &quot;so happy that...&quot;etc&#xA;(You think of this value when coming to a translation like &quot;so much&quot;.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Так has also another value which I would paraphrase as &quot;in this way&quot;, as in the sentence:&#xA;b. Мне просто хочется понять, почему он так поступил.&#xA;I just want to understand why he acted this way / why he did this. &#xA;in French:&#xA;Je veux juste comprendre pourquoi il a agi de la sorte / pourquoi il s'est comporté comme ça.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word так  in your sentence: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На его месте вы бы ещё не так заплакали.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is to be understood in this second meaning. &#xA;Literally:&#xA;-&gt; In his place, you would cry &quot;not in this way&quot; &#xA;- in French: à sa place, vous pleureriez encore &quot;autrement&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course the translation sounds weird, and the context makes it clear that the implicit meaning is: &#xA;-&gt; you would cry even more. &#xA;-&gt; vous pleureriez encore davantage.&#xA;(autrement, c'est-à-dire &quot;davantage&quot; ; sous-entendu &quot;je vous laisse imaginer comment vous pleureriez&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that так is not only an intensifier!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11924" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T17:03:25.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20211" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20214" CreationDate="2019-07-11T18:48:35.693" Score="2" ViewCount="732" Body="&lt;p&gt;@Neith recently said the following in his comment on my &lt;a href=&quot;https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/31851&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; about extinct phonemes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ivan Turgenev once called Russian language “great, mighty, truthful and free” («великий, могучий, правдивый и свободный», see &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.turgenev.org.ru/e-book/russki_yazyk.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;turgenev.org.ru/e-book/russki_yazyk.htm&lt;/a&gt;), and schoolchildren are made to memorize this “prose poem”. Shortened to “great and mighty”, this idiom entered everyday Russian speech, to the point that if you hear «великий и могучий» without any noun then it’s surely means just Russian language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Great and mighty are relative things, so I got very much curious as to what objective evidence is there to support the idea that the Russian language is greater and mightier than other languages, at least in some aspects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: What are some examples of things present in Russian and absent in all or almost all other languages, or what are some objective parameters on which the Russian language beats all or almost all other languages?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is not meant to be broad, because I just want a few nice examples rather than a broad comparative analysis or a full list of all special things about Russian. An answer that provides 1-3 nice examples would be a great acceptable answer. I just want a few specific examples with which I could make other people impressed by the might of the Russian language. I want a few objective examples to which non-Russian speakers would react, &quot;Wow!&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I am looking for is things like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;unique grammatical constructions, like the future passive participle in Latin,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;examples of frequently used words or constructions that have no equivalent in any other language, like &lt;em&gt;Schadenfreude&lt;/em&gt; in German,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;examples of how a Russian sentence can convey its idea so precisely and succinctly that it would require much more words in any other language,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;data comparing Russian to other languages on any meaningful objective parameter like the number of words, number of prepositions, etc., &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;and other objective(!) things that can cause a wow reaction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The criterion is very simple: the stronger the wow effect the better. I humbly hope that this criterion is intuitively understandable to any user of this SE. Please just kindly use your common sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I like the Russian language and want to find some facts with which I can impress other people about Russian, and I humbly hope that native speakers can kindly help me find such facts. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="12019" LastEditDate="2019-07-13T02:24:59.263" LastActivityDate="2019-07-24T09:36:08.570" Title="What are some examples of special things about Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;other-languages&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-07-11T20:36:38.440" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20212" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20211" CreationDate="2019-07-11T19:24:43.647" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the style of &quot;Love is ...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Russian is so mighty that it can express any idea by &lt;em&gt;мат&lt;/em&gt; alone. There's a joke about a foreman shouting to workers loading a truck, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Нахуя дохуя нахуярили?! Расхуяривайте нахуяренное нахуй!&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Russian is so mighty that it can have six (6) consonants in a row in the word onset (Anlaut): &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;взбзднуть&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Russian is so mighty that it has a word that can hardly be translated into other languages: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;полуночничать&lt;/a&gt; — &quot;to stay awake until late at night, not going to bed being occupied with something.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I recall any other special features of Russian, I'll add them here, but as for now that's all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="7537" LastEditDate="2019-07-17T03:09:07.577" LastActivityDate="2019-07-17T03:09:07.577" CommentCount="11" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-07-11T20:36:38.440" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20211" CreationDate="2019-07-11T20:19:36.867" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian is often said to have a rich morphology, i.e. many ways to build words and tweak existing words to convey different nuances of meaning. Although not quite a unique thing by itlsef, it often comes as a surprise to learners of Russian how names of people and objects can be inflected to show the speaker’s relationship to them. E.g. calling a person Василий Петрович, Петрович, Василий, Вася, Васька or Васенька would imply your relationship to that person to be a student, friend. lover, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Someone using the word Ленинка would be immediately recognised as a frequenter of the Lenin Library. Similarly, if you refer to the Trafalgar Square as Трафальгарка, you would be claiming to have lived in London for a while.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dimunitive suffixes are quite a thing in Russian. If you are asked: поешь колбаски, then you are loved and cared for; but if you are told: Ешь колбасу! then you’re better be quick about it, or else…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word совесть is quite unique to Russian. It denotes a virtue of having a moral judge sitting inside you and nagging you for doing any wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-07-11T20:19:36.867" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-07-11T20:36:38.440" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20211" CreationDate="2019-07-13T00:04:09.653" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you pose such questions to (mostly) native speakers of any language, you'll usually end up with a lot of &lt;em&gt;supposedly&lt;/em&gt; unique things that really aren't so much. They'll mostly reflect the amazement or amusement that comes from a deeper look at the language those speakers casually use every day, with a comparison to maybe one or two commonly spoken second languages (such as English). So take this with a grain of salt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, here are some of the less conspicuous things that I think genuinely make Russian stand out, even among Slavic languages:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;it's the only language I know of that has separate, unrelated, non-synonymous words for &quot;dream&quot; as in fantasy (&lt;strong&gt;мечта&lt;/strong&gt;) and &quot;dream&quot; as in conscious REM-sleep experience (&lt;strong&gt;сон&lt;/strong&gt;);&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;for uniquely succinct syntax, you mostly have to look outside the literary language: say, &lt;strong&gt;спать-то найдётся где&lt;/strong&gt;, conveying something like &quot;finding a place to sleep isn't what we ought to worry about&quot;;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the unusual wealth of rhyming possibilities, due to Russian being highly inflecting grammatically while highly reductive/assimilating phonetically.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Schadenfreude&lt;/strong&gt; isn't that special, by the way. It's mostly made popular by the fact that English, specifically, doesn't have it. Russian has an exact equivalent in &lt;strong&gt;злорадство&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-07-17T13:10:42.463" LastActivityDate="2019-07-17T13:10:42.463" CommentCount="3" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-07-13T00:04:09.653" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20215" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-13T13:05:28.243" Score="4" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;We were having a conversation in German. Citing, one by one, three reasons why I think my friend has been hired for a job, I said jokingly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Die Antwort ist denkbar einfach. Erstens X. Zweitens Y. Dein Liebreiz &lt;strong&gt;rangiert abgeschlagen auf Platz Drei&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, as is more commonly phrased:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Dein Liebreiz (&lt;strong&gt;weit&lt;/strong&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;abgeschlagen auf dem dritten Platz liegt&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;landet&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, this is where we say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;First, X. Second, Y. And your charm &lt;strong&gt;comes a distant third&lt;/strong&gt; {/ comes in a distant third place}. The answer is as simple as that!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-07-13T13:24:49.563" LastActivityDate="2019-07-13T14:43:33.717" Title="How is the idea of &quot;X comes a distant third&quot; commonly expressed in Russian?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;english&gt;&lt;german&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20215" CreationDate="2019-07-13T13:20:22.887" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;code&gt;с большим отставанием&lt;/code&gt;, like in phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На третьем месте с большим отставанием идёт Джон Макинрой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На втором месте с большим отставанием оказался фильм канала &quot;Россия&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a sidenote, the opposite of that is &lt;code&gt;с большим отрывом&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-07-13T13:20:22.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20215" CreationDate="2019-07-13T13:27:54.967" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;em&gt;с большим отрывом&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Во-первых, А. Во-вторых, Б. Ну и в-третьих, с большим отрывом, твоё обаяние. Всё просто!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-07-13T13:27:54.967" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20215" CreationDate="2019-07-13T14:43:33.717" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not exactly full equivalent but one can also say &lt;strong&gt;и уже в самую последнюю очередь&lt;/strong&gt; without indication of the place number.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сначала А, потом Б, и уже в самую последнюю очередь В&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Во-первых А, во-вторых Б, и уже в самую последнюю очередь В&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-13T14:43:33.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20219" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20220" CreationDate="2019-07-13T16:18:45.357" Score="1" ViewCount="503" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literally meaning &lt;em&gt;dried fish woman&lt;/em&gt;, the popular slang 干物女 is used to call a woman in her twenties or older who, as nicely &lt;a href=&quot;https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E7%89%A9%E5%A5%B3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;summarized&lt;/a&gt; in Wikipedia, has many of the following traits:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Her text replies are very slow and short - メールの返事が極端に遅い、短い&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If it is something simple, she will eat it standing in her kitchen. - 簡単な食事なら台所で立って食べる&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;She will go to take forgotten stuff in her flat on her knees keeping the outdoor shoes in the air rather than put them off. -&#xA;  忘れ物を靴を履いたまま、膝立ちで部屋に上がり取りに行く &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;She won't put on her makeup and bra on nonworking days. - 休日はノーメイクでノーブラ&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;She won't visit a beauty salon for half a year. - 半年ほど美容室に行っていない &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In winter she won't shave or wax her body hair properly or at all. - 冬場は毛の処理を怠る、又はしない&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;She has no problem going to a pub alone. - 1人で居酒屋に入れる&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;She rarely gets so excited that she experiences an increased heartbeat. - 最近ドキドキしていない&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the Russian equivalent? In other words, how are such women commonly or idiomatically called in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-13T16:27:37.407" LastActivityDate="2019-07-25T14:32:01.113" Title="What is the Russian equivalent of 干物女 (dried fish woman)?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;&lt;other-languages&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20219" CreationDate="2019-07-13T16:30:58.810" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, I could say that we don't have a long-living equivalent for it in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Partially it will be &lt;strong&gt;серая мышь&lt;/strong&gt;, partially &lt;strong&gt;синий чулок&lt;/strong&gt;, sometimes we can come across &lt;strong&gt;тётка&lt;/strong&gt;, but it's not the only meaning of this word, here the context matters. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Замухрыжка&lt;/strong&gt; is also a suitable word. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-07-13T22:42:06.693" LastActivityDate="2019-07-13T22:42:06.693" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20219" CreationDate="2019-07-13T16:37:50.893" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;OK, you're trying to be pedantic, let me be pedantic as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Her text replies are very slow and short - well, ancient Slavic people originally called someone whose text replies are short...oh, come on, I'm kidding, there's no single word or phrase in Russian describing someone who does that.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If it is something simple, she will eat it standing in her kitchen. - there's no single word or phrase in Russian describing someone who does that.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;She will go to take forgotten stuff in her flat on her knees keeping the outdoor shoes in the air rather than put them off. - there's no single word or phrase in Russian describing someone who does that. Also, I'm not sure that anyone in Europe tries to enter flat on his/her knees in such situation. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;She won't put on her makeup and bra on nonworking days. - there's no single word or phrase in Russian describing someone who does that.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;She won't visit a beauty salon for half a year. - there's no single word or phrase in Russian describing someone who does that.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In winter she won't shave or wax her body hair properly or at all. - In winter she won't shave or wax her body hair properly or at all. By the way, why in winter? Oh, never mind.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;She has no problem going to a pub alone. - there's no single word or phrase in Russian describing someone who does that.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;She rarely gets so excited that she experiences an increased heartbeat. - I'd rather say &quot;всегда cпокойная, как слон&quot;, &quot;невозмутимая&quot;, &quot;безэмоциональная&quot;. The other - very Russian (no irony) word worth to know in this context is &quot;пофигистка&quot;, it's not gender-colored though, there's also &quot;пофигист&quot;. However &quot;пофигист&quot; is more about someone who doesn't care at all rather than about the lack of emotions.    &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope that helps. &#xA;It looks like it's very regional thing, regarding the fact that there're only Korean, Japanese and Chinese article about this term.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-13T16:51:29.493" LastActivityDate="2019-07-13T16:51:29.493" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20219" CreationDate="2019-07-13T21:35:07.640" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian people express the by-you-searched implication in exactly the same way: &quot;She is a dried vobla&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="12275" LastEditDate="2019-07-15T20:28:13.617" LastActivityDate="2019-07-15T20:28:13.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20211" CreationDate="2019-07-14T06:45:29.160" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Surprisingly, no one bothered to point out that Turgenev did not even think of comparing Russian to other languages when he wrote this miniature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, the reasons why this piece came into existence and the &quot;message&quot; it contains are probably misunderstood by many. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://gorky.media/context/pochemu-chitat-turgeneva-trudnee-chem-tolstogo-i-dostoevskogo/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Филолог Ирина Беляева пишет&lt;/a&gt;:&#xA;&quot;..Вот хотя бы «великий» и «могучий» «Русский язык». Это стихотворение в прозе завершало издание «Сенилий» в журнале Михаила Стасюлевича «Вестник Европы». Во французском варианте, который готовил к изданию сам писатель, его не было. Оно только для русских. Почему? Тут могут быть разные ответы. Но мне думается, что вернее всех почувствовал тургеневские интонации в этой миниатюре Константин Бальмонт, который увидел в ней не гимн великому русскому языку и его «носителю», а молитву. Для Тургенева в русском языке были сосредоточены четыре главных качества: честность (правда), простота, свобода и сила, он об этом пишет то в статьях, то в письмах. А иной раз сожалеет, что «этих четырех качеств &amp;lt;…&gt; нет в народе» и при этом добавляет, что если они есть в языке, то будут и в народе. В сущности, «Русский язык» об этом. Не случайно в нем такой странный финал: «Но нельзя верить, чтобы такой язык не был дан великому народу!» Поэтому, конечно, это молитва — русскому языку о нас, говорящих и одновременно не говорящих на нем — на том языке, какой имел в виду Тургенев, когда писал, что Пушкин дал русскому человеку свободу, потому что подарил язык. «Русский язык» очень сокровенный текст, в сущности он не для публичного чтения, не для удовлетворения громкой гордости. Он очень смиренный и тихий, как молитва. В этом прав был Бальмонт.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastActivityDate="2019-07-14T06:45:29.160" CommentCount="2" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-07-14T06:45:29.160" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20219" CreationDate="2019-07-14T14:17:12.133" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The term sounds pretty sexist to me (in the very beginning, it’s said it’s about women only).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Items 4-6 (makeup, clothing, body care) are obviously about a woman not behaving like society expects (caring about her looks to attract a man). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Item 7 (bars) seems to be about the same breaking of expectations. Though I don’t know whether a woman is supposed to be accompanied to bars in Japan by a man, or another woman, or not visit them at all. Can you clarify in comments?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’m not so sure about items 1 and 8 (messaging style and excitement), but they may be in the same alley: proper woman must be talkative and emotional, and this one behaves like a man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Items 2-3 (eating and shoes) are puzzling to me. Probably that’s Japanese cultural peculiarities. Are such behaviors also considered male-like?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, for a woman with male-like behavior, we have these terms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)#%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;эмансипированная&lt;/a&gt; (женщина, девушка)» (somewhat archaic, mostly associated with early 20 century)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;пацанка&lt;/a&gt;» (a tomboy; colloquial, mostly associates with girls in their teens)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;феминистка&lt;/a&gt;» (a crude assumption of the person’s political views from their lifestyle, of course)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That’s what I can say from these listed traits. However, the Wikipedia article says more about something like giving up on hope to find a husband. Which is sexist too, presuming that must be a life’s purpose for every woman. Unluckily, Russian has some idioms along these lines too:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;старая дева&lt;/a&gt;» (a spinster - woman who is a virgin or unmarried past “normal” age)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;синий чулок&lt;/a&gt;» - listed in another answer&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«сильная и независимая женщина» (a strong and independent woman) - a recent sexist Internet meme, for trolling feminists, meaning they will stay forever alone. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A sub-meme is that such a woman has 40 cats («40 кошек»), meaning that she’ll try to mitigate her loneliness with pets. It’s a Russian variation of an old European image of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_lady&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;crazy cat lady&lt;/a&gt;. Also within such reasoning, for a lonely woman to acquire her first cat means giving up on her love life.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. &#xA;I think «серая мышка (мышь)» listed in another answer is not appropriate here, because it suggests timidity and not caring for looks, but such a woman may be married.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12019" LastActivityDate="2019-07-14T14:17:12.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20188" CreationDate="2019-07-15T07:37:42.430" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you have a certain context, you can easily substitute &quot;I'm going to the prostitutes&quot; for &quot;I'm going to the girls&quot;. The russian equivalent of &quot;girls&quot; is &quot;devochki&quot; (plural form), whose ending you should take care to change according to its declension (&quot;to the girls&quot; means &quot;k devochkam&quot; or &quot;po devochkam&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="12275" LastEditDate="2019-07-15T11:25:22.113" LastActivityDate="2019-07-15T11:25:22.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20227" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20219" CreationDate="2019-07-16T05:14:32.853" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In some cases a description might suit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e.g. она ленивая и не заботится о себе (не ухаживает за собой)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2019-07-16T05:14:32.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20208" CreationDate="2019-07-16T11:09:08.933" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In more spoken language we would say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Да ты Петросян! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Petrosyan is a known comic, and his jokes are thought to be low level. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another slang/spoken way to tell someone he must be joking / lying is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Гонишь!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is really informal, though you can use it almost in any situation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way to tell you're fed up with someone's jokes and want one to take the situation serious is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Шуточки шутишь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5370" LastActivityDate="2019-07-16T11:09:08.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20211" CreationDate="2019-07-16T13:38:38.173" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unique to Russian is the word &quot;интеллигенция&quot;. Historically, it denoted a society stratum satisfying all or most of the following criteria:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Respect for education and culture  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Solzhenitsyn insisted, though, this item should never be considered as an exclusive marker of an &quot;интеллигент&quot;. Solzhenitsyn even introduced the derogatory term &quot;образованщина&quot; to denote those who satisfy only the said criterion and lack other necessary traits of the true &quot;интеллигенция&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ability for critical thinking -- including, first of all, critical attitude to the establishment. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This criterion, too, must be treated with caution. Under tzarism, as well as in the late Soviet era, and even stronger in the modern days, a considerable fraction of the would-be &quot;интеллигенция&quot; finds it a vital necessity to be in opposition at any cost and on virtually any occasion. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As Dostoevsky emphasised, these circles of the self-appointed &quot;интеллигенция&quot; are oftentimes more totalitarian than the establishment they oppose, and they live by a very rigid code excluding even a moderate deviation. Within these circles, critical attitude to the government has served as a substitute to bona fide critical thinking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Honesty and decency in the everyday life. Gentlemanly behaviour, especially towards servants, menial workers, minorities, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Concern for the interests of the common people and the ability to put them above one's own interests or those of his class. Ideally, the ability or, at least, respect for self-sacrifice -- be it heroism on a battle field or, say, sacrificing one's successful career in the capital for the sake of serving as an educator in province.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the prerevolution era, this criterion used to be most important, at least in words. Whether the entire &quot;интеллигенция&quot; was truly capable of living by this code is arguable. The types who were declaring this ideal but couldn't live by it were deliciously mocked by Nikita Mikhalkov in his immortal movie &quot;An Unfinished Piece for Mechanical Piano&quot;&#xA;   &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076446/?ref_=nm_flmg_act_30&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076446/?ref_=nm_flmg_act_30&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Reserved attitude to monetary success or career with the government. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Catastroyka and the ensuing chaos of the criminal 90-s demonstrated that a noticeable part of the Soviet &quot;интеллигенция&quot; possessed no immunity for greed and dubious methods of self-enrichment. Many of those who kept aloof from the Soviet officialdom then successfully fit in the brave new world of thievery. This reminds us that, to many, the image of an &quot;интеллигент&quot; serves as a convenient mask to justify their lack of material success.       &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Skepticism of any worldly distinction or hierarchy.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is, probably, the second most important parameter of a genuine &quot;интеллигент&quot;. Stated differently, the интеллигенция &lt;em&gt;is supposed&lt;/em&gt; to judge people strictly by their spiritual and intellectual and moral merit, not by their titles or ranks or status. Here &lt;em&gt;is supposed&lt;/em&gt; is an important caveat, because oftentimes this criterion is distorted by snobbishness and a tendency for building an alternative hierarchy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Despite all caveats and reservations, the above parameters should render a clue to the meaning of the term &quot;интеллигенция&quot; and its possible interpretations and misinterpretations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastEditorUserId="11511" LastEditDate="2019-07-17T02:06:06.790" LastActivityDate="2019-07-17T02:06:06.790" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-07-16T13:38:38.173" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20230" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20232" CreationDate="2019-07-18T10:59:56.287" Score="2" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;Герои фильма бросают (с испуга) шишками в говорящего коня и старик кричит: «Ну держись!». Что это означает в этом контексте?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он тоже там кричит что-то похожее на «Ну, держись!» (12:47), но я не смог расслышать что именно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ссылка на фильм «Алёша Попович и Тугарин Змей» на YouTube, смотрите, пожалуйста, с 12:46 до 12:55: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtube.com/watch?v=8vPQKM5UOJU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtube.com/watch?v=8vPQKM5UOJU&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12287" LastEditorUserId="12287" LastEditDate="2019-07-18T12:46:10.800" LastActivityDate="2019-07-18T13:12:35.437" Title="Что означет здесь «Ну, держись!»?" Tags="&lt;фраза&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20231" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-18T12:55:40.617" Score="3" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Doch wir verteilen die nicht einfach an jeden &lt;strong&gt;Dahergelaufenen&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;But they are too valuable for us to just dish out (&lt;strong&gt;left and right&lt;/strong&gt;) to &lt;strong&gt;anyone who happens to come along&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We were having a conversation in German, and I was wondering how I'd express the same idea in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;Dahergelaufen / dahergelaufen&quot; -- used either as a substantive or adjective -- comes in handy to convey the negative connotation of &quot;&lt;em&gt;doing something in a &lt;strong&gt;random&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;haphazard&lt;/strong&gt; manner to just about &lt;strong&gt;anyone who happens to come along&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; -- as opposed to using the more neutral word &quot;&lt;em&gt;irgendjemand&lt;/em&gt; {&lt;em&gt;anybody&lt;/em&gt;}&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-07-18T13:04:42.687" LastActivityDate="2019-07-18T14:19:46.393" Title="How is the idea of &quot;Dahergelaufen&quot; commonly expressed in Russian?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;german&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20230" CreationDate="2019-07-18T13:12:35.437" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Фраза &quot;Ну, держись!&quot; означает &quot;берегись, сейчас ты у меня получишь&quot; или что-то в этом роде. (&quot;Watch out. I'm gonna get you!&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На 12:47 он говорит что-то невразумительное, похожее на &quot;Ян Креститель&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7487" LastActivityDate="2019-07-18T13:12:35.437" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20231" CreationDate="2019-07-18T14:19:46.393" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;первому встречному (-поперечному)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;всем, кому ни пОпадя&lt;br&gt;&#xA;всем, кому не лень&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Они для нас слишком ценные, чтобы мы раздавали их &lt;code&gt;первому встречному&#xA;  (-поперечному)&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;всем, кому ни пОпадя&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;всем, кому не лень&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-07-18T14:19:46.393" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20234" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-18T17:40:14.470" Score="2" ViewCount="213" Body="&lt;p&gt;Что лучше: Ты можешь ли &lt;em&gt;заходить&lt;/em&gt; ко мне или &lt;em&gt;зайти&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12289" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2019-07-18T18:52:04.337" LastActivityDate="2019-07-18T19:21:33.793" Title="Заходить или зайти?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20234" CreationDate="2019-07-18T17:43:09.383" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Заходить - если несколько раз, или регулярно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зайти - если один раз, например, через пять минут. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-07-18T17:43:09.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20236" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-18T18:38:58.030" Score="2" ViewCount="241" Body="&lt;p&gt;Что правильно:&#xA;Я купил/а новые игрушки &lt;em&gt;для обоих детей&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;или&#xA;Я купил/а новые игрушки &lt;em&gt;обоим детям&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12289" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2019-07-18T19:38:50.900" LastActivityDate="2019-07-19T08:39:19.037" Title="Для обоих детей или обоим детям?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20234" CreationDate="2019-07-18T18:45:29.493" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;В данном случае лучше без частицы &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;ли&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А что касается того, что уместней, то без обстоятельства уместней &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;зайти&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;заходить&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; требует уточнения обстоятельством, например:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ты можешь ко мне заходить&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;каждый вечер&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Ты можешь ко мне заходить&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;раз в неделю&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Ты можешь ко мне заходить&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;почаще/иногда&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-07-18T18:45:29.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20234" CreationDate="2019-07-18T19:21:33.793" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ты можешь ли зайти ко мне?&quot; sounds odd and artificial. It'd be better to say: &quot;Не можешь ли ты зайти ко мне?&quot; or &quot;Mожешь ли ты зайти ко мне?&quot; or &quot;Ты можешь зайти ко мне?&quot; or &quot;Mожешь зайти ко мне?&quot; or &quot;Ко мне зайти можешь?&quot;&#xA;When you say:&quot;Ты можешь ли заходить ко мне?&quot;, you sound old-fashioned, stilted, reproachful and demanding as if you were a nobleman and some of your servants dared to enter your private room. Something like: &quot;How can it be possible that you, servant, make an entry in my chamber?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2019-07-18T19:21:33.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20239" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20236" CreationDate="2019-07-19T08:39:19.037" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Оба&lt;/em&gt; варианта правильны. Первый акцентирует &lt;em&gt;назначение&lt;/em&gt; покупки, второй - &lt;em&gt;завершённость&lt;/em&gt; действия (если говорится ретроспективно, то купленное досталось обоим детям). В некоторых контекстах может возникнуть предпочтительность первого варианта, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я купил новые игрушки &lt;strong&gt;для&lt;/strong&gt; обоих детей, но по дороге домой решил&#xA;  подарить их старшему - близился его день рождения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-07-19T08:39:19.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20241" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19697" CreationDate="2019-07-19T12:09:02.793" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The use of both Nominative and Instrumental for the past tense is grammatical. They have some different meanings though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you use Nominative, you mean exactly what you say: you &lt;strong&gt;was&lt;/strong&gt; that thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you use Instrumental, this can mean you was that thing but also you played a role of that thing or pretended being that thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда я вчера спала я была студенткой = In her sleeping dream&#xA;  yesterday she was a student.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда я вчера спала я была студентка = It seems she was fired from her&#xA;  university overnight or maybe she graduated yesterday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На прошлогодней вечеринке я была школьницей = At the yesteryear's&#xA;  party she was dressed like a schoolgirl&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;На прошлогодней вечеринке я была школьница = She was a real schoolgirl&#xA;  when the last year's party was going (maybe that's why she did not&#xA;  drink or fuck that time but now she can).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all cases when you use Nominative you can also use Instrumental, but not vice versa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2019-07-19T12:09:02.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7912" CreationDate="2019-07-19T14:26:23.123" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;В правилах о правописании суффиксов глаголов ова/ева - ыва/ива есть ряд слов для запоминания: застревать, продлевать и др. Намереваться - из этого ряда&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5975" LastActivityDate="2019-07-19T14:26:23.123" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20243" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-19T19:20:17.430" Score="0" ViewCount="83" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вы &lt;strong&gt;хотели&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; познакомиться с новыми людьми? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12289" LastActivityDate="2019-07-19T20:00:05.920" Title="Вы хотели бы познакомиться с новыми людьми? Правильно или нет?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20243" CreationDate="2019-07-19T20:00:05.920" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Без знания того, что именно вы хотели выразить, трудно оценить объективно. Но если оценивать исключительно с точки зрения стилистики, лексики и синтаксиса - правильно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-07-19T20:00:05.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20245" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20251" CreationDate="2019-07-19T22:12:48.210" Score="0" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is the word &quot;вечер&quot; pronounced like &quot;ˈvʲet͡ɕɨr&quot; or &quot;ˈvʲet͡ɕər&quot; even though the IPA for it is &quot;ˈvʲet͡ɕɪr&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12201" LastEditorUserId="12201" LastEditDate="2019-07-20T12:20:17.197" LastActivityDate="2019-07-20T12:20:17.197" Title="Is the word &quot;вечер&quot; pronounced like &quot;ˈvʲet͡ɕɨr&quot; even though the IPA for it is &quot;ˈvʲet͡ɕɪr&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20245" CreationDate="2019-07-19T22:31:29.063" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native speaker, I suppose that &quot;ˈvʲet͡ɕɪr&quot; is more correct pronunciation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6602" LastActivityDate="2019-07-19T22:31:29.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20245" CreationDate="2019-07-19T23:48:09.493" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;No it's not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;[ɨ]&lt;/em&gt; only happens after non-palatalized consonants, and &lt;em&gt;ч&lt;/em&gt; is always palatalized in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-07-19T23:48:09.493" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20139" CreationDate="2019-07-20T01:08:55.670" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Игра загибается&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; или &quot;&lt;strong&gt;игра скоро загнётся&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;  (figuratively, colloquial (not rude, but not quite literary)). Frequently used in common speech exactly into meaning you named. Or  &quot;&lt;strong&gt;игра схлопывается&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; ((idiomatically) in almost any context). Практически то что вы и просили. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12294" LastEditorUserId="12294" LastEditDate="2019-07-20T01:38:59.203" LastActivityDate="2019-07-20T01:38:59.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20249" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-20T06:03:14.180" Score="1" ViewCount="68" Body="&lt;p&gt;Are there any sport idioms (or war, or maybe some other topic) used frequently in Russian business discussions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This topic came up in conversation, and we were unable to think of any obvious ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can see some similar examples in English here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.english-at-home.com/idioms/sport-idioms/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.english-at-home.com/idioms/sport-idioms/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9579" LastActivityDate="2019-07-20T06:03:14.180" Title="Russian sport idioms in business" Tags="&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2019-07-20T07:13:04.353" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20251" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20245" CreationDate="2019-07-20T09:13:22.040" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The combination &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;чи&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is pronounced similar to the English &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;chip&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. But here it's not a pure &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;чи&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; due to reduction of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;иэ&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. It's in between &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-07-20T09:13:22.040" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20253" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20254" CreationDate="2019-07-20T10:29:20.010" Score="2" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just confused with difference of &lt;strong&gt;читай&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;прочитай&lt;/strong&gt;! &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;For example:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Читай журнал&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Прочитай журнал&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Both of them mean: &lt;strong&gt;Read magazine&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;But I can't understand difference!&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;I know that &lt;strong&gt;Прочитай&lt;/strong&gt; is a &lt;em&gt;perfective aspect&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;читай&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;em&gt;imperfective aspect&lt;/em&gt; but still can't understand difference of these!&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Could you please explain it with some sentences?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastEditorUserId="11537" LastEditDate="2019-07-20T12:22:15.940" LastActivityDate="2019-07-20T16:36:29.980" Title="Difference between &quot;читай&quot; and &quot;прочитай&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20253" CreationDate="2019-07-20T11:23:43.283" Score="5" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Читай (imperfective) is like 'sit down and start reading' while&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Прочитай (perfective) is more like 'finish reading the whole magazine' (before coming back to me e.g.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-07-20T11:23:43.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20255" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20264" CreationDate="2019-07-20T12:21:30.843" Score="1" ViewCount="263" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &lt;strong&gt;приду&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;прийду&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Both mean: I will come?(on foot)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Also &lt;strong&gt;я приеду&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;я прийеду&lt;/strong&gt; mean: I will come?(by vehicle)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Again what is the difference of them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastActivityDate="2019-07-21T11:51:13.693" Title="Difference between &quot;приду&quot; and &quot;прийду&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20253" CreationDate="2019-07-20T16:36:29.980" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Indeed this difference between perfective (in Russian совершенный вид) and imperfective aspect (несовершенный вид) is complex to understand. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Читай!&quot; is &lt;strong&gt;imperfective&lt;/strong&gt;, which means it focuses on the &lt;strong&gt;process&lt;/strong&gt; of the action, and not on the result. One could say it answers to the question: &quot;what should I be busy doing?&quot;. What matters is that you &lt;em&gt;are reading&lt;/em&gt;, no matter what you actually read.&#xA;&quot;Читай!&quot; will also be used if the person you are addressing has already started reading, you asked something but you don't want to disturb and invite her to go on reading (because you are focusing on the process).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Прочитай!&quot; is &lt;strong&gt;perfective&lt;/strong&gt; and the preverb про suggests one reads the whole magazine / the whole article / the whole story/novel, etc.&#xA;You focus on the &lt;strong&gt;result&lt;/strong&gt;. You want &lt;em&gt;something to be read&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;For example, a teacher will say his students:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прочитайте дома эту книгу!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;because the teacher does not care about the process, he wants the book to be read (i. e. the result).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The use of perfective aspect is mandatory when you precise when the action should be done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In details the use of perfective/imperfective aspect in imperative form is complex (it is the theme of academic works, as, for example:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.jstor.org/stable/40160696?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.jstor.org/stable/40160696?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents&lt;/a&gt;).&#xA;Still, there are a few rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the imperfective is mandatory at the imperative form before a negation:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не читай эту книгу.&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Don't read this book.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the imperfective is mandatory at the imperative form if you speak about a regular, repeated action.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Читай каждый день.&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Read every day.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the imperfective is used if the action has already started, of the person knows she should do it and you are just giving the signal to start.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Читайте, читайте! Вы мне не мешаете, я снова выйду.&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Please go on reading, you're not disturbing me, I'll leave.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(This example is given by Rosanna Benacchio in the article I've just mentioned).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11924" LastActivityDate="2019-07-20T16:36:29.980" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20258" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20262" CreationDate="2019-07-20T17:29:29.017" Score="3" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;How should be understood &quot;открещивался от своего&quot; in the following excerpt (from Bulgakov's diary, quoted by Alexey Varlamov):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Ужасное состояние: все больше влюбляюсь в свою жену. Так обидно – &lt;strong&gt;10&#xA;  лет открещивался от своего…&lt;/strong&gt; Бабы, как бабы. А теперь унижаюсь даже до&#xA;  легкой ревности. Чем-то мила и сладка. И толстая».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My interpretation is something like:&#xA;&lt;em&gt;I spent 10 years saying what is mine does not matter (i.e. claiming some king of independence, refusing being jealous). Women are just women.&lt;/em&gt; etc &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I feel in trouble with the understanding of своего here. Does it refer to &quot;everything which is mine&quot; (including my wife)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11924" LastActivityDate="2019-07-21T06:00:15.857" Title="&quot;Я десять лет открещивался от своего&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;possessive-adjective&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20258" CreationDate="2019-07-20T17:31:21.217" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Открещиваться&quot;&lt;/a&gt; it's sort of to intensely or demonstratively refuse to accept, so in this particular case the narrator has denied for 10 years what was actually his. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Originally it was a word for person crossing him or herself in order to be protected from evil.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, your interpretation is not completely correct (but it wouldn't been a severe crime had you translate it that way). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Своё&lt;/code&gt; is a tricky word in this context. It's about something being very personal. Something that one likes the most and feels strong emotional connection with. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-20T17:38:03.647" LastActivityDate="2019-07-20T17:38:03.647" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20255" CreationDate="2019-07-20T19:14:52.387" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Прийду&quot; and &quot;прийеду&quot; are ungrammatical. While &quot;прийду&quot; is a common mistake, &quot;прийеду&quot; is simply totally off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-20T19:51:59.363" LastActivityDate="2019-07-20T19:51:59.363" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20261" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-20T20:59:27.697" Score="1" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;Perhaps it is actually 'CKAЭ' rather than 'CKA3'... but either way I can't find an answer through Google.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm referring to what is shown on this piece of Russian Constructivist artwork.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone shed any light on what it might mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/esdfj.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/esdfj.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12298" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-21T21:01:46.177" LastActivityDate="2019-07-21T21:01:46.177" Title="What does &quot;сказ&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2019-07-20T21:05:44.833" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20258" CreationDate="2019-07-20T22:40:53.983" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are almost right but with one exception. The aforecited phrase is to be related to his wife only. For no visible reason he had been shrugging her off for 10 years when he suddenly arrived at an understanding that he loved her even despite her being a fatty but to-him-belonging dear fatty. For example: I've just married a girl I fell in love with at first sight. And now I'm saying that I got to believe right there on the spot she was the essence of mine (я понял, что она - это мое).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2019-07-20T22:40:53.983" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20258" CreationDate="2019-07-21T06:00:15.857" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The matter is that it seems to be written about Bulgakov's first wife, after they divorced having been married for about 11 years. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, he had been refusing to appreciate what (or whom) he had. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;своё = &quot;everything which is mine&quot; (including my wife) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, yes and no. Here &lt;em&gt;своё&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;anything from what is mine&lt;/strong&gt;. Or something which belongs to me or I belong to (Быть учителем - это моё). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The neuter gender is the most general in Russian (Всё вокруг колхозное, всё вокруг моё (с)). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-07-21T06:00:15.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20255" CreationDate="2019-07-21T07:04:08.290" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Прийду&lt;/strong&gt; is an outdated norm, the verb &lt;strong&gt;идти&lt;/strong&gt; and its derivatives being, probably, the most miraculous of the Russian verb family representatives. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g., there were three ways you could write &lt;strong&gt;прийти&lt;/strong&gt;, which were &lt;strong&gt;придти, притти и прийти&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Leave alone the fact that the verb идти is an infinitive ending in &lt;strong&gt;ти&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;ть&lt;/strong&gt;, like all the other infinitives. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to be just logical, that the infinitive &lt;strong&gt;прийти&lt;/strong&gt; should make up the personal forms &lt;em&gt;я прийду, ты прийдёшь&lt;/em&gt;, etc., and it was actually a norm. And it sounds like that. But nowadays the &lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt; has remained only in the verbs not containing и like &lt;strong&gt;подойти, отойти,&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;уйти&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;я уйду, ты уйдёшь&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ий has been assimilated and reduced to и. Nowadays it's just one и there. &lt;strong&gt;Приду is the norm&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;strong&gt;прийеду&lt;/strong&gt; is not more than &lt;strong&gt;a mockery based on the analogy with the verb прийду&lt;/strong&gt;. )))))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-07-21T11:51:13.693" LastActivityDate="2019-07-21T11:51:13.693" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20265" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-21T17:59:43.083" Score="3" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;We were having a conversation in German, and I was wondering how the same idea is commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Sie lässt sich nichts anmerken, aber so viel muss sie durchmachen. Mit ihnen zu spielen, &lt;strong&gt;zaubert ihr&lt;/strong&gt; zumindest &lt;strong&gt;immer ein Lächeln aufs Gesicht&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We were talking about a child patient going through a lot due to her illness. Essentially, I wanted to express the idea of: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Playing with other children has a way of &lt;strong&gt;putting the smile&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;back&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;on her face&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In German, one of the idiomatic phrasings above goes like: &quot;&lt;em&gt;X makes a smile magically appear&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;conjures up a smile on your face&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2019-07-22T21:46:43.073" Title="Russian equivalents of &quot;X puts the smile back on her face&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;english&gt;&lt;german&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20265" CreationDate="2019-07-21T18:20:35.300" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Возвращает ей радость жизни&lt;/strong&gt; maybe, &lt;strong&gt;делает её счастливей&lt;/strong&gt;, but neither is particularly colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Поднимает ей настроение; помогает ей воспрять духом / не унывать; делает её более жизнерадостной&lt;/strong&gt; are more on the colloquial side&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-07-21T18:26:32.317" LastActivityDate="2019-07-21T18:26:32.317" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20267" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-22T10:41:35.230" Score="0" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;В будущем мы хотели бы сделать сотрудничество с вами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правильно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12289" LastActivityDate="2019-07-22T10:59:35.457" Title="В будущем мы хотели бы сделать сотрудничество с вами. Правильно или нет?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2019-07-22T11:44:07.720" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20267" CreationDate="2019-07-22T10:59:35.457" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nobody ever says “сделать сотрудничество”. A more correct example would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В будущем мы хотели бы сотрудничать с вами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2019-07-22T10:59:35.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20269" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-22T20:08:00.853" Score="2" ViewCount="348" Body="&lt;p&gt;I found the phrase &quot;Феминизм такой феминизм&quot; on an online forum and I'm wondering what такой means here? The only translation I can think of is &quot;feminism, oh feminism&quot; but i dont know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11771" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-23T08:13:10.683" LastActivityDate="2019-07-24T17:34:02.763" Title="In &quot;феминизм такой феминизм&quot; - what does &quot;такой&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20269" CreationDate="2019-07-22T20:17:49.660" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Такой&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;such&lt;/strong&gt;. The main point is not what такой means, but why the other word is repeated. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Feminism is such feminism.&lt;/strong&gt; In this phrase the second repeated word replaces a normal adjective there. It's done for emphasys and understatement implying the author's attitude to the phenomenon named by the repeated word. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Normally it could be, for example, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Феминизм такой глупый!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Феминизм такой бессмысленный!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Феминизм такой&#xA;  категоричный!&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Феминизм такой странный! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;depending on the context, or leaving you room to think. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a fashionable pattern now. :) Like девочки - такие девочки! Instead of девочки такие капризные/странные/жеманные/непоследовательные! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-07-22T20:17:49.660" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20219" CreationDate="2019-07-22T21:29:06.847" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think if I had to describe a person like that, I'd say &quot;ленивая пофигистка&quot;. If you just say &quot;пофигистка&quot;, some may take it as &quot;careless hooligan&quot;, however if you add &quot;ленивая&quot; it would perfectly complete the image.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't like &quot;серая мышь&quot; because it has a social connotation. Usually people call somebody &quot;серая мышь/мышка&quot; when they're socially inept and can't strongly express their desires and feelings. More like a passive person on the outside, without any specifics about the inside. Very similar to the japanese word ダンデレ (黙り + デレデレ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whereas your description is more like a list of everyday habits regardless of their social activity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12305" LastActivityDate="2019-07-22T21:29:06.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20164" CreationDate="2019-07-22T21:43:41.283" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm pretty sure that the implied meaning is to &quot;fuck the goats&quot;. It's a common stereotype in Russia that people &quot;from mountains&quot; (from Caucasus, generally) are having sex with goats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would be my guess, however, maybe this stereotype comes from this particular poem, not the other way around. Anyway, the way critics talk about it implies that he was talking about sex with goats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've searched on the internet a bit and apparently this phrase made a huge boom back in 1903-1905. Everyone were criticizing the part about goats and even made some parodies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12305" LastActivityDate="2019-07-22T21:43:41.283" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20265" CreationDate="2019-07-22T21:46:43.073" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd choose &quot;возвращает к жизни&quot;. Literally it means &quot;brings her back to life&quot;, but I think it could be used as a poetic choice of words in this case. Especially if it's clear from the context that normally she's grim and depressed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Общение с другими детьми возвращает ее к жизни&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other comments to this thread are valid too, but I think that they're too literal. There's no need to specifically mention the smile or something like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, you could also say &quot;возвращает ее на землю&quot;, however the general use case for this phrase is when somebody is frequently phasing out, usually when they have a crush. But it could also be used in this context, carefully though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12305" LastActivityDate="2019-07-22T21:46:43.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20275" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-23T17:37:16.030" Score="1" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to write the sentence &quot;At the university I go to the first lecture, mathematics.&quot; Is &quot;В университете я иду на первую лекцию, математика.&quot; a right translation or does &quot;математика&quot;, like &quot;лекцию&quot;, have to be in accusative (математику)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12308" LastActivityDate="2019-07-23T19:02:54.227" Title="&quot;математика&quot; or &quot;математику&quot;" Tags="&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20275" CreationDate="2019-07-23T17:54:44.080" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Accusative is more suitable in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В университете я иду на первую лекцию, математику.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В университете я иду на первую лекцию - математику.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  В университете я иду на первую лекцию, на математику.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2019-07-23T17:54:44.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20275" CreationDate="2019-07-23T19:02:54.227" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depending on the context, it could be better Russian to say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду на первую лекцию в университете, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я иду в университете на первую лекцию,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and for the Nominative case add &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;это математика. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Without &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; you would have to put the clarifying word in the same case as the object it clarifies. Here it is Accusative. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-07-23T19:02:54.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20278" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20269" CreationDate="2019-07-24T06:32:07.483" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an &lt;em&gt;informal&lt;/em&gt; expression of disapproval lying somewhere between the more formal &lt;strong&gt;feminism at its worst&lt;/strong&gt; and the informal &lt;strong&gt;feminism bloody feminism&lt;/strong&gt;. Similar Russian expressions: &lt;em&gt;махровый такой феминизм, этакий пещерный феминизм (матриархат, домострой)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-07-24T06:32:07.483" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20211" CreationDate="2019-07-24T09:36:08.570" Score="0" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In English, you use the same verb in different tenses to specify if the action is perfect or not:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have read the book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was reading the book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, you use different verbs in the same tense to that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я прочитал книгу. (perfect)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я читал книгу. (imperfect)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most consonant letters are pronounced differently, harder or softer, depending on the following letter.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мы&lt;/strong&gt;шка, &lt;strong&gt;лу&lt;/strong&gt;к - a mouse, an onion / onions / a bow&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ми&lt;/strong&gt;шка, &lt;strong&gt;лю&lt;/strong&gt;к - a bear, a hatch&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6824" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-24T09:36:08.570" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-07-24T09:36:08.570" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20280" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-24T11:50:01.920" Score="1" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e.g.: I’&lt;strong&gt;ve half a mind to&lt;/strong&gt; quit my job right here and now -- only if I'm already set for life, that is...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or: I’&lt;strong&gt;ve a good mind to&lt;/strong&gt; quit my job right here and now -- only if I'm already set for life, that is...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This English expression is used in a rather disapproving, threatening tone, even if half-jokingly, when you are faced with something unpleasant. It also implies that you are not likely to follow through with the threat you've made or whatever action you just said you were going to do, after all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is this idea commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian? I asked around, but it seems the expression cannot be easily rendered in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-31T00:03:08.283" Title="How is &quot;have half a mind to do X&quot; commonly expressed in Russian?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20281" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20280" CreationDate="2019-07-24T14:08:29.413" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, when speaking with no affectation, one way it could be rendered in i guess is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я уже готов / настроен (сделать что-л.)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there's a condition under which it would be possible then also&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я был бы уже готов (сделать что-л.)&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-07-26T08:08:25.020" LastActivityDate="2019-07-26T08:08:25.020" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20282" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20286" CreationDate="2019-07-24T15:36:10.110" Score="1" ViewCount="219" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он отправился в море, и наловил там много рыбы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above sentence is from my essay, and my teacher marked the comma as a punctuation mistake of mine. I strongly disagree with him. Being unable to persuade him that I am right, I decided to humbly ask native speakers on this SE. Please kindly resolve our argument.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I put this comma in order to convert a simple sentence to a complex sentence with two independent clauses, the second one having zero subject. I knew that the sentence would be perfectly okay without the comma, but I wanted to make a pause in this sentence. I wanted the reader to first imagine the setting off for fishing, then make a pause, and then imagine the fishing itself. Without the comma the sentence would read very quickly and be a single idea. I even considered putting a full stop instead of the comma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At any rate, I believe that putting this comma is not against the Russian grammar rules. I believe I have the right to convert a simple sentence to a complex sentence by putting a comma. I believe that an independent clause with zero subject is still a valid independent clause. I believe that the phrase &quot;и наловил там много рыбы&quot; would even make a valid isolated sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, my teacher insists that putting this comma is a mistake. He says that a sentence with one subject and two verbs separated by the conjunction &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; must always be written without a comma. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I explained him why I had put this comma, and he laughed and said that only great Russian writers have the privilege of putting commas for reasons like this. He says that if I were Pushkin, he would consider my comma as a punctuation sign with its own deep meaning. He went as far as saying that my comma is a mistake because I am just a student. But I strongly believe that whether a comma is a mistake cannot depend on the author.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: Who is wrong - I or the teacher? In other words, is it a mistake to put this comma?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-07-25T11:28:02.520" Title="Putting a comma to convert a simple sentence to a complex one" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;&lt;clauses&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20282" CreationDate="2019-07-24T16:00:41.203" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a simple sentence with two homogeneous predicates. There's only one subject both predicates refer to. That's why your teacher is right, there should be no comma in this sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a common mistake nowadays when people are non-educated enough to put commas whenever they take breath. Even breaking the punctuation rules and common sense. That's why it sooner irritates than makes us pause. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="11080" LastEditDate="2019-07-24T16:21:20.000" LastActivityDate="2019-07-24T16:21:20.000" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20269" CreationDate="2019-07-24T17:34:02.763" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Such is the feminism, at its &quot;best&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2019-07-24T17:34:02.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20282" CreationDate="2019-07-24T21:01:17.283" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just want to add to the previous answer that putting a comma doesn't convert a simple sentence to a complex sentence. There is no such a rule and your teacher was totally right telling you that it's only writers' privilege to make one more simple sentence out of nothing, just by putting a comma. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A comma doesn't create any more main clauses than there are in the sentence. But if you don't put a comma you just make a mistake: you can't see the right ammount of grammar structures - main clauses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I advice you to identify or underline all the main clauses in the sentence while you study. This is extremely useful. And after all remember that russian native speakers make really a lot of mistakes putting commas and mostly we take it easy. We really like to put commas where we feel to :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12311" LastActivityDate="2019-07-24T21:01:17.283" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20282" CreationDate="2019-07-25T05:45:26.353" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my strong opinion it's you as the author who makes this call, not your teacher being in this case in a capacity of a passive reader.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I totally can get your intent and would read the sentence just as you've punctuated it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you were doing a punctuation exercise of some sort, then the comma could have been considered a mistake. And also if you were an inexperienced and ill informed fresh student of Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it's a piece of writing, an essay by a person who knows the rules and thus can bend them at will, then they're the one who decides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One way to avoid such problem and to satisfy your teacher is to simply split the sentence into two as you yourself intimated. The effect of a pause you attempted to achieve with the comma will be maintained.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-07-25T06:09:07.590" LastActivityDate="2019-07-25T06:09:07.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20280" CreationDate="2019-07-25T05:51:44.123" Score="2" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;если тон шутливый, или вы говорите с тем, кому доверяете:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... подумываю сменить работу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;более неформальная, чисто разговорная форма,&#xA;желание возникло и продолжается или возникает (появляется) время от времени:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.com/m.exe?l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;s=I%20have%20a%20mind%20to&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;хочется сменить работу&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;half mind&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;обычно переводится другим выражением, в случае желания сменить работу не подходящим, - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;иметь склонность (в своей природе/по своему характеру, а не под воздействием обстоятельств)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.com/m.exe?l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;s=have%20half%20a%20mind%20to%20do&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.multitran.com/m.exe?l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;s=have%20half%20a%20mind%20to%20do&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.com/m.exe?a=3&amp;amp;sc=0&amp;amp;s=half%20mind&amp;amp;l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.multitran.com/m.exe?a=3&amp;amp;sc=0&amp;amp;s=half%20mind&amp;amp;l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12312" LastEditorUserId="12312" LastEditDate="2019-07-25T15:37:21.637" LastActivityDate="2019-07-25T15:37:21.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20282" CreationDate="2019-07-25T11:28:02.520" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I disagree with placing a comma there even if it were author's intention, but there is an alternative way without restructuring the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pause in your sentence is implicit and well-understood: actions &lt;code&gt;отправиться на море&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;наловить много рыбы&lt;/code&gt; are consecutive, and the latter takes some time to complete. The question is, &lt;em&gt;what do you want to signify with the pause?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And as long as you provide some context that explains the pause, you could use a dash in place of a comma:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он отправился в море - и наловил там много рыбы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The context is important though: for example, previous sentences could tell about unsuccessful attempts to catch fish on a river.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он провёл утро с удочкой на берегу реки, но не поймал ничего. Он отправился в море - и наловил там много рыбы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would look perfectly fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1274" LastActivityDate="2019-07-25T11:28:02.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20219" CreationDate="2019-07-25T14:32:01.113" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think &quot;&lt;em&gt;мымра&lt;/em&gt;&quot; fits best. However, its main meaning is &quot;sullen and ugly/shabby&quot;. Also, &lt;em&gt;мымра&lt;/em&gt; sounds quite offensive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2019-07-25T14:32:01.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20290" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-26T12:50:50.300" Score="3" ViewCount="442" Body="&lt;p&gt;As in, &quot;today i want to talk about websites such as...&quot; or &quot;i like videos such as&quot;.  And also, the word &quot;said&quot; as in &quot;said websites are good&quot; or something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11771" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2019-07-27T17:24:40.407" LastActivityDate="2019-08-14T10:11:09.073" Title="How to say &quot;such as&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20291" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20290" CreationDate="2019-07-26T13:01:07.797" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Такой, как&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, with your sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сегодня я бы хотела поговорить о таких сайтах, как ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нравятся такие видео, как ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word 'said' in such context is also 'такой(такие)' or 'этот(эти)' (this) or 'данный(данные)' (given/this).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The plural forms of those words are in parentheses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12316" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-08-04T19:45:34.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20280" CreationDate="2019-07-26T13:39:10.573" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why not just translate it near verbatim: &quot;Я уже наполовину решил бросить свою работу&quot;, &quot;Одна половина моего мозга говорит мне уволиться&quot;, &quot;Добрая половина меня склоняется к тому, чтобы уволиться&quot;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="12275" LastEditDate="2019-07-26T14:30:28.477" LastActivityDate="2019-07-26T14:30:28.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20293" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20295" CreationDate="2019-07-26T13:57:30.597" Score="0" ViewCount="83" Body="&lt;p&gt;На наш миллионник, не более двух-трех пар.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12317" LastActivityDate="2019-07-26T14:28:41.463" Title="Нужна ли запятая в этом предложении?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20294" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20296" CreationDate="2019-07-26T14:04:49.473" Score="2" ViewCount="226" Body="&lt;p&gt;This quite a short question. I was wondering how to express in Russian the sentence &quot;I wish!&quot; without any direct object. As a silly example, in English you could say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Have you finished your project?&#xA;— I wish!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would in Russian make sense to just say Я хотел бы or Я хотелось бы?, without any direct object or would it sound weird? Or is there any idiomatic expression or word that means exactly this, like for example &quot;ojalá&quot; in Spanish?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2085" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T17:01:39.140" Title="Possible to use Я хотел бы without direct object?" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20293" CreationDate="2019-07-26T14:15:26.957" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Запятая - нет. Если что и нужно, то тире, так как это неполное предложение, с нулевым сказуемым &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;есть, приходится&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; и т.п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.yaklass.ru/materiali?chtid=661&amp;amp;mode=cht&amp;amp;subid=160&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Тире в неполном предложении.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тире в неполном предложении ставится, если пропущено сказуемое (чаще&#xA;  всего) или какой-нибудь другой член предложения, но его можно легко&#xA;  восстановить из контекста или из ситуации (Она пошла домой, он -&#xA;  в кино)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-07-26T14:28:41.463" LastActivityDate="2019-07-26T14:28:41.463" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20296" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20294" CreationDate="2019-07-26T14:16:57.940" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Если бы&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-&amp;nbsp;Ты уже доделал свой проект?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;-&amp;nbsp;Если бы!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This applies specifically to the exchange in your example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure though how you envision its use in other cases. Check what &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.com/m.exe?s=ojal%C3%A1&amp;amp;l1=2&amp;amp;l2=5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Multitran&lt;/a&gt; has to offer for &lt;strong&gt;ojalá&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-07-26T14:16:57.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20294" CreationDate="2019-07-26T22:02:22.193" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Have you finished your project?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Хотел бы я! or Хотелось бы!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Аж десять раз!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Разве что в мечтах!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Увы (и ах)!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Где уж там!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Да как-то не особо!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Да я бы не сказал!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ага, как же!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Закончишь тут, как же!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2019-07-28T05:46:14.403" LastActivityDate="2019-07-28T05:46:14.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20298" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20299" CreationDate="2019-07-27T01:32:11.643" Score="3" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;For context, the phrase I'm trying translating is: &quot;Конечно, побежать и закрыть кран, а потом &lt;strong&gt;уже&lt;/strong&gt; устранять последствия потопа&quot; = &quot;Of course, to run and close the tap, and then to eliminate the consequences of the flood&quot;. My question is what role does &quot;уже&quot; serve in this sense?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12319" LastActivityDate="2019-07-27T04:22:44.357" Title="Difference between &quot;а потом уже&quot; and &quot;а потом&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20298" CreationDate="2019-07-27T04:22:44.357" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The adverb уже expresses the final completion of the action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Of course, to run and close the tap, and &lt;strong&gt;ONLY THEN/only after that&lt;/strong&gt;  to eliminate the consequences of the flood&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-07-27T04:22:44.357" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20290" CreationDate="2019-07-27T17:51:37.097" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literal translation is &quot;такой, как&quot;, but a more natural way would be to omit that structure and just say &quot;сегодня, я бы хотел поговорить о сайтах, которые (в которых / на которых)...&quot; and &quot;мне нравятся подобные видео&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the last one, you could say &quot;подобные сайты - хорошие&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12305" LastActivityDate="2019-07-27T17:51:37.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20301" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20304" CreationDate="2019-07-28T07:57:03.437" Score="1" ViewCount="403" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question is in the title of this post. A couple of explanatory points:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context:&lt;/strong&gt; The organizers of a certain tournament cannot provide a big cash prize that would attract a lot of participants, so the organizers reached an agreement with the national sport federation that the winners of the tournament will get a direct right to play in a certain very prestigious championship. Now many players will participate in the first tournament in order to try to earn a seat in the prestigious championship. Thus, the organizers of the first tournament are unable to make it attractive by itself and parasitize the popularity of the prestigious championship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My attempts:&lt;/strong&gt; I looked in Reverso and found that the phrase &amp;quot;by itself&amp;quot; is usually translated as &amp;quot;сам по себе,&amp;quot; but my problem is that I cannot choose the grammatical case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Они не могут сделать турнир притягивающим сам по себе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Они не могут сделать турнир притягивающим самим по себе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) Они не могут сделать турнир притягивающим самого по себе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All variants seem wrong and unnatural to me. The Russian grammatical cases make me very confused at times, and this is just a typical situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another problem with variants (1)-(3) is that &amp;quot;самим/самого&amp;quot; seems to interfere with other words: for example, in Sentence (2) &amp;quot;самим&amp;quot; can be understood as referring to &amp;quot;они&amp;quot; rather than to &amp;quot;турнир.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am curious how the native speakers would express the idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: Please be careful with the precise meaning. Compare two sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) They cannot make the tournament attractive by itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) They cannot make the tournament itself attractive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to translate Sentence (4) to Russian, whilst Elena's answer seems to be rather a translation of Sentence (5). She offers this: &lt;em&gt;Они не могут сделать сам турнир достаточно привлекательным&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is this: Sentence (4) implies that the tournament &lt;strong&gt;is attractive&lt;/strong&gt;, but the attractiveness is not related to the cash prize or anything else intrinsically related to the tournament; the tournament is rather a stepping stone for something else. Sentence (5) implies that the tournament &lt;strong&gt;is not attractive&lt;/strong&gt; enough to make people come to play in it, but comes as a part of an attractive package (e.g., tournament + sightseeing tour + sauna + night party), so people come to the city for the whole package and play in the tournament in that city because they are already in that city.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I humbly hope you can give me nice translations of Sentence (4), not (5).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T13:01:02.910" Title="How can I say in Russian &quot;they cannot make the tournament attractive by itself&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20302" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20301" CreationDate="2019-07-28T08:11:28.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему &quot;притягивающим&quot;? &quot;Привлекательным&quot; - лучше. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Они не могут сделать сам турнир достаточно привлекательным.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And again my free time is not enough to read such a novel. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-07-28T08:11:28.903" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20301" CreationDate="2019-07-28T10:07:18.033" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Из трех вариантов (1) правильный, но хочется поставить &quot;сам по себе&quot; так, чтобы было понятней, что это относится к турниру, а не к организаторам. А то сначала читается почти как &quot;&lt;strong&gt;сами&lt;/strong&gt; по себе&quot;, мол, &quot;они сами по себе ничего не могут сделать&quot;. Можно даже опустить &quot;по себе&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Притягивающий&quot; чаще означает физическое притяжение (например, магнит). Лучше сказать &quot;привлекательный&quot; или &quot;заманчивый&quot;. Я бы сказал:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сам &lt;em&gt;(по себе)&lt;/em&gt; турнир они заманчивым сделать не могут.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Они не могут сделать сам турнир заманчивым.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12321" LastActivityDate="2019-07-28T10:07:18.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20304" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20301" CreationDate="2019-07-28T10:13:03.703" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Сам по себе&quot; has certain difficulties when it comes to declension. I once tried (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://pishu-pravilno.livejournal.com/3582352.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this thread&lt;/a&gt;) to establish the correct way to decline it and got many people puzzled. So you are not alone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When &lt;strong&gt;сам по себе&lt;/strong&gt; is adjacent to the word it modifies, things are easy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сам по себе турнир [состояться не может.]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Самого по себе турнира [не может быть.]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Самому по себе турниру [не бывать!], etc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your sentence, the instrumental &lt;strong&gt;привлекательным&lt;/strong&gt; comes in between, which messes things up. I suggest rearranging the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сам по себе турнир они не могут сделать привлекательным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@Elena's answer (сам турнир) also works but is a bit less precise and a bit more idiomatic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-07-28T10:25:29.183" LastActivityDate="2019-07-28T10:25:29.183" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20301" CreationDate="2019-07-28T14:21:14.440" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here we have to choose between two ways of declension, those of the nominative and instrumental. If you make &quot;tournament&quot; a subject and &quot;attractive&quot; a subject complement you must apply the nominative case when there is a copula &quot;to be&quot; (implied): &quot;Турнир-привлекательный сам по себе&quot;. In other cases of subject complementation you should use the instrumental case: &quot;Турнир является самим по себе привлекательным&quot;. To verify this you can use a nonfinite construction: &quot;быть (стать, являться, слыть, сделаться) привлекательным самим по себе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same is to be observed when &quot;tournament&quot; is an object and &quot;attractive&quot; is an object complement: &quot;Они не могут сделать турнир привлекательным (притягательным) самим по себе&quot; or (it would sound better): &quot;Они не могут сделать турнир самим по себе привлекательным&quot;.&#xA;However somewhat different options with the nominative case are possible: &quot;Они не могут сделать сам по себе привлекательный турнир&quot; (the difference is that here we have &quot;привлекательный&quot; as an attribute (premodifier) whereas in the aforecited patterns &quot;привлекательным&quot; is an object complement which demands the instrumental case).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Passing to the backbone of your issue, you should take account of &quot; сам по себе&quot; being a noun phrase (not an adverb) calling for being declined and conjugated in line with the complement it modifies. For example: &quot;Они гордились, что сделали турнир мероприятием, привлекательным самим по себе&quot;, &quot;Они гордились тем, что сделали из турнира мероприятие, привлекательное само по себе&quot;, &quot;Они гордились турниром как самим по себе привлекательным мероприятием&quot;, &quot;Они рассказывали о турнире как о мероприятии, самом по себе привлекательном&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="12275" LastEditDate="2019-07-28T14:32:52.477" LastActivityDate="2019-07-28T14:32:52.477" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20306" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-28T16:18:07.993" Score="2" ViewCount="248" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian one says &quot;в прошлом году&quot;, which is in the prepositional, while one says &quot;в прошлый раз&quot;, which seems to be in the accusative. Why the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3917" LastActivityDate="2019-07-29T13:34:12.443" Title="&quot;в прошлом году&quot; versus &quot;в прошлый раз&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20306" CreationDate="2019-07-28T18:30:04.867" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Guess, there's no logical explanation. That's how the language has evolved. Some temporal adverbials with preposition &lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt; inflect in prepositional, others do in accusative  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в прошлый раз / Новый год / день рождения / месяц / (all weekdays)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;but&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;в прошлом году / веке / столетии / тысячелетии&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may have to do with the perceived length of the time span in question. Since prepositional case serves as locative as well, its employment with longer time spans may be thought of as more appropriate because over long  periods of time the connection of an object with the time frame could be seen as stronger and so it's kind of placed within one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-07-29T09:40:58.363" LastActivityDate="2019-07-29T09:40:58.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20308" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20310" CreationDate="2019-07-28T20:57:49.473" Score="5" ViewCount="3054" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question is in the title of my post. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Somehow this simple idea made me really confused as to how I can express it in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My first attempt was:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Я не боюсь писать всё.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I guess this variant rather means &quot;I am not afraid to write it all.&quot; Then I thought about the following variant:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) Я не боюсь писать ничего.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I feel that something is wrong here. The problem is that the negation &quot;&lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt;&quot; applies to &quot;&lt;em&gt;боюсь&lt;/em&gt;,&quot; not &quot;&lt;em&gt;писать&lt;/em&gt;,&quot; so the use of &quot;&lt;em&gt;ничего&lt;/em&gt;&quot; after &quot;&lt;em&gt;писать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; seems questionable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A separate issue is the choice between &lt;em&gt;писать&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;написать&lt;/em&gt;. I find it hard to tell whether the perfective or imperfective form is the best suitable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The context of the original sentence is this: A journalist possesses a lot of sensitive information and says she is not afraid to publish whatever she wants to. She is not talking about any specific upcoming article. She is talking in general terms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please kindly help a confused student.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-08-11T16:02:23.017" Title="How can I say in Russian &quot;I am not afraid to write anything&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="13" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20308" CreationDate="2019-07-28T21:22:47.210" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes this phrase is kind of awkward in Russian. The best way i could pull it off would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я ничего писать не боюсь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also can be rendered as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне ничего не страшно (на)писать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that &lt;strong&gt;ничего&lt;/strong&gt; is placed before the verb, which resolves some of the awkwardness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-07-29T21:29:09.083" LastActivityDate="2019-07-29T21:29:09.083" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20310" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20308" CreationDate="2019-07-28T22:37:44.447" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;To eliminate the awkwardness of such double negations a safer approach is to (steer away from English patterns and) use &lt;em&gt;сложноподчиненное предложение&lt;/em&gt;, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Нет ничего, о чём я побоялась бы написать.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and similar constructs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastActivityDate="2019-07-28T22:37:44.447" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20308" CreationDate="2019-07-28T22:42:23.007" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не побоюсь &lt;strong&gt;что бы то ни было&lt;/strong&gt; написать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A relatively seldom-used but fitting equivalent of &quot;anything&quot;; all one pronoun, functionally at least. I'd say tum_'s rewording works better overall, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2019-07-28T22:42:23.007" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20308" CreationDate="2019-07-29T07:17:40.360" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most suitable translation is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я ничего не боюсь (на)писать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Order of words is impotant in this phrase. Changing the order is grammaticaly acceptable, but will create strange emphasis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-07-29T07:17:40.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20306" CreationDate="2019-07-29T13:27:33.197" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can easily say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;В прошлый год выдался хороший урожай...&quot;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я здесь (without a preposition) прошлый год таких окуней ловил!&quot; (this adaptation I like most of all),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;В прошлом разе оно ведь как было...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But take account of it's being old-fashioned and rustic but absolutely acceptable in oral speech. These constructions will surely flavour your way of speaking and impart an air of jocosity to it.&#xA;What had ever been widely used and then became obsolete shouldn't be regarded ungrammatical or irrelevant. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2019-07-29T13:27:33.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20306" CreationDate="2019-07-29T13:34:12.443" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The differnce is in context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say both variants &quot;в прошлом году/месяце/периоде&quot;  and &quot;в прошлый год/месяц/период&quot;, depending on what you mean. But you can't say &quot;в прошлом разу&quot;, but only because &quot;раз&quot; is not a period (or place). Think of it as past continuous and past perfect respectevly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Этот дом строили в прошлом году&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Этот дом построили в прошлый год&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-07-29T13:34:12.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20308" CreationDate="2019-07-29T13:55:14.643" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a native Russian speaker.&#xA;When you say &quot;I am not afraid to writing anything&quot;, 'anything' does not carry any meaning, it is just for emphasis. &#xA;This is the reason it is hard to translate.&#xA;So, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не боюсь писать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is a real translation. All other translations here, except for the first one are not real language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12327" LastActivityDate="2019-07-29T13:55:14.643" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20316" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-29T14:11:20.783" Score="3" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can I say &quot;Life is full of uncertainty.&quot; in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12328" LastActivityDate="2019-07-29T15:07:37.350" Title="How can I say &quot;Life is full of uncertainty.&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2019-07-29T15:34:40.540" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20308" CreationDate="2019-07-29T14:15:16.687" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/20310/57&quot;&gt;tum_'s answer&lt;/a&gt; is very good in the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A shorter version without the &lt;em&gt;сложноподчиненное предложение&lt;/em&gt; would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я ни о чём не побоюсь написать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="57" LastActivityDate="2019-07-29T14:15:16.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20316" CreationDate="2019-07-29T14:20:00.067" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A literal translation would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жизнь полна неопределенности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But these sound more natural to me:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жизнь непредсказуема.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Жизнь бывает непредсказуемой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-29T14:20:00.067" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20308" CreationDate="2019-07-29T14:20:40.623" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нет ничего чтобы я боялся писать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The equivalent English translation would be: There is nothing I am afraid of writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12329" LastActivityDate="2019-07-29T14:20:40.623" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20316" CreationDate="2019-07-29T14:40:19.670" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In addition to @Ainar-G's anwswer, you could also say :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Жизнь полна неожиданностей.&quot; - Life is full of surprises.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or a bit more colloquial:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Жизнь - непредсказуемая штука.&quot;  - Life is a unpredictable thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or you can be more poetic, and quote the epigraph from &lt;em&gt;Woe from Wit&lt;/em&gt; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Судьба - проказница шалунья, Определила так сама...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12330" LastEditorUserId="12330" LastEditDate="2019-07-29T15:07:37.350" LastActivityDate="2019-07-29T15:07:37.350" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20308" CreationDate="2019-07-29T18:32:11.623" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your second sentence is almost correct,  we use double negation all right, but I would have changed it just a little.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не боюсь писать ни о чём.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-07-29T18:32:11.623" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20322" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20372" CreationDate="2019-07-29T19:57:08.620" Score="4" ViewCount="413" Body="&lt;p&gt;The proverb's meaning is that just as fish prefer muddy waters and avoid clear streams, people generally do not associate with those who are too ideal in terms of ethics, manners, and habits. In other words, being strictly honest and always making the right choice from the standpoint of society-imposed values will result in you being isolated and having no friends. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will now elaborate to better explain the idea. The idea is that there are some good reasons to keep very upright people at arm's length:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If someone is too strict towards himself or herself, he or she is likely to judge others by his or her high standards, which may lead him or her to make big deals out of minor matters, criticize others, report them, and refuse to forgive even small accidental wrongdoings. In contrast, those who are not ideal have no difficulties accepting that others are not, too.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Very upright people are hard to cooperate with on matters where ethical flexibility is required. The ability to cooperate on such matters is important because problems sometimes arise whose only practical solution is to bend rules. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brutally honest people tend to create awkward and problematic situations by being too direct and honest. Friedrich Nietzsche said about it, &quot;If you want to offend somebody, just tell him the truth.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Strict people often lack common sense and human understanding on the emotional level and, as a result, tend to take decisions based on abstract logical considerations. This can sometimes lead to awful practical outcomes because of a failure to take the feelings of others into account and see all circumstances and nuances of a situation. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since there is no reason to be honest and upright just for the sake of being honest and upright, those who are always blindly honest and upright are likely to be close-minded, dogmatic people in the broad sense. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Intuitively led by the above reasons, many avoid associating with people who are too ideal from the standpoint of society-imposed values, and this is what the proverb is about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am curious how this idea is commonly or idiomatically expressed in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T16:41:41.723" Title="What is the Russian equivalent of the proverb 水清ければ魚棲まず (if the water is clear, fish won't live there)?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20323" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-29T20:00:37.193" Score="1" ViewCount="337" Body="&lt;p&gt;A quote from a native speaker of Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мужчина, который хочет надёжных отношений и семью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Question: Why did they use the genitive case in &quot;надёжных отношений&quot;?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note, regarding &quot;семью&quot;, which is in the accusative case, I think it may be just an error and it should also be in the genitive case. Please correct me if I am wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To double check myself, I looked it up on &lt;a href=&quot;https://translate.google.com/?sl=en&amp;amp;tl=ru&amp;amp;text=A%20man%20who%20wants%20a%20reliable%20relationship%20and%20family.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Google Translate&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A man who wants a reliable relationship and family.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is translated as (I corrected it a little):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мужчина, который хочет надёжных отношений и семьи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So Google Translate says both nouns are in the genitive case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5584" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T10:32:40.697" Title="Мужчина, который хочет надёжных отношений" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20322" CreationDate="2019-07-29T22:39:14.987" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Идентичное по смыслу выражение мне в голову сразу не приходит. Разве что:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правду говорить - друга не нажить. &lt;em&gt;(это буквально пункт 3)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Живи для людей, поживут люди для тебя.  &lt;em&gt;(это похоже на пункт 1, хотя тут скорее речь идет о щедрости)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть идиомы со смыслом &amp;quot;не доверяй слишком законопослушным или честным на вид людям, они могут замышлять плохое&amp;quot;. Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В тихом омуте черти водятся.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но, насколько я понимаю, у вашего в выражения более мягкий смысл.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12321" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-29T22:39:14.987" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20325" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20323" CreationDate="2019-07-30T06:05:25.663" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not sure about the exact rules. But maybe with example it can be more understandable.&#xA;For instance, if you want to say &quot;A person who wants an apple&quot;, it can be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Человек, который хочет яблоко.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Человек, который хочет яблока.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First one is accusative case, second - genitive. They both mean that a person wants to have an apple. But there is a slight difference in meaning. In first case, it means that there is one full apple that a person wants. It might even be a specific apple. But it is a one. In second case, it means the person wants an apple as a fruit, but not specifically one and maybe not even full one. Maybe just a slice of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case, (I am not sure if there is a grammatical explanation for that) since it is indirectly implies that the man wants ONE family as a whole, it is usually said&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мужчина, который хочет семью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мужчина, который хочет семьи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it means that the man wants just some kind of family, in general. Both cases can be used. Just with a slight tilt of meaning :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the &lt;strong&gt;надежных отношений&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case, there is no ONE specific relationship, but it is more of relationships in general, that's why it is in genitive. It also worth to mention that in Russian in contrast to English people use the word &lt;strong&gt;relationship&lt;/strong&gt; in plural form in this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it is more my logical understanding of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12326" LastEditorUserId="12326" LastEditDate="2019-07-30T06:14:34.273" LastActivityDate="2019-07-30T06:14:34.273" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20308" CreationDate="2019-07-30T08:19:32.760" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The closest translation will be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не боюсь писать о чём угодно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we are talking, for example about some journalist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не боюсь (на)писать что угодно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...about some guy who paints words on walls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12333" LastEditorUserId="12333" LastEditDate="2019-07-30T08:36:38.647" LastActivityDate="2019-07-30T08:36:38.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20327" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-07-30T09:36:45.463" Score="2" ViewCount="208" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed some Russia users use a space before a full stop / period when writing English sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Has this something to do with the Russian orthography?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12336" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-07-30T10:02:29.937" LastActivityDate="2019-07-30T10:02:29.937" Title="Space before full stop or period" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20327" CreationDate="2019-07-30T09:52:04.180" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, there is no such syntax. What you're seeing are either people who don't know the rules (who are probably the same people who use “)))” instead of actual emoticons) or the people who use badly configured on-screen keyboards on their smartphones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2019-07-30T09:52:04.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20330" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20322" CreationDate="2019-07-30T12:48:09.907" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Somewhat related to fish, but might not quite grasp the sense is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ловить рыбу в мутной воде&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also &lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/dic_wingwords/1368/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9459" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-07-30T18:34:32.593" LastActivityDate="2019-07-30T18:34:32.593" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20331" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20323" CreationDate="2019-07-30T14:26:20.957" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a legacy of &quot;ждательный&quot; case (sorry, I don't know its Latin name). It is used in the sentences after the verbs &quot;ждать&quot;, &quot;хотеть&quot;, and others that have similar sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry to say, but in modern Russian, there is no strict rule of using it.&#xA;You just have to memorize.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes you can use both accusative and genitive forms&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;'Я хочу мороженое' or 'Моя подруга хочет мороженого'&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;'Я жду зарплату' or 'Я ждал зарплаты'&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;'Я ожидаю письмо' or 'Я ожидаю письма'&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes the accusative just sounds awkward and is never used by native speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;'Я жду приёма у доктора' but not 'Я жду приём у доктора'&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;'Я хочу воды' but not 'Я хочу воду' (unless you don't speak of some specific water)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes you can't use the genitive at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'Я жду/хочу новый стул' but never 'Я жду/хочу нового стула'.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12339" LastActivityDate="2019-07-30T14:26:20.957" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20322" CreationDate="2019-07-30T23:44:14.307" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To mind comes a somewhat derogatory wording &quot;солдатская прямота&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Твоя солдатская прямота никому не приносит пользы, но лишь ранит и отталкивает людей.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another potentially relevant saying is: &quot;жизнь состоит из условностей&quot;. The spectrum of meanings of this saying is broad. On some occasions, it may mean that brutal tactless honesty is not necessarily the best way of conveying the truth, especially on sensitive matters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastEditorUserId="11511" LastEditDate="2019-07-30T23:50:10.300" LastActivityDate="2019-07-30T23:50:10.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20308" CreationDate="2019-07-30T23:54:48.607" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A somewhat learned version could be: &quot;я не склонен к самоцензуре&quot;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;while a very colloquial version is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;у меня не заржавеет написать что угодно&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a good example of a nice and juicy colloquial employment of the verb &quot;заржаветь&quot;. Generally, the construction looks as:  &quot;у меня (или у кого-нибудь) &lt;em&gt;не заржавеет&lt;/em&gt; сделать что-то потенциально предосудительное&quot;. It contains a connotation to a rusty mechanism unable to move -- with an emphasise that I (or someone) will not be like that stuck mechanism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-07-30T23:54:48.607" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20280" CreationDate="2019-07-31T00:03:08.283" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;em&gt;на грани того, чтобы&lt;/em&gt; уволиться с этой работы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я был &lt;em&gt;на грани того, чтобы&lt;/em&gt; дать ему в морду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-07-31T00:03:08.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20335" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20322" CreationDate="2019-07-31T06:18:40.377" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no proverb about fish in this respect, but I think (imho) that the general meaning is expressed in the following proverbs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Молодец красив, да на душу крив.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не все то золото, что блестит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-07-31T06:18:40.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20308" CreationDate="2019-07-31T10:34:08.510" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As an option&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я не боюсь писать о чём бы то ни было.&#xA;Я не побоюсь написать о чём бы то ни было.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12339" LastActivityDate="2019-07-31T10:34:08.510" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20322" CreationDate="2019-07-31T10:42:45.733" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's an idiom &lt;code&gt;светлее кочерги&lt;/code&gt; about people who make impression of very upright.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, while the effect is certainly known, I struggle to find an exactly matching proverb or anything like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2019-07-31T10:42:45.733" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20338" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20339" CreationDate="2019-07-31T11:51:07.830" Score="2" ViewCount="224" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have tried to translate into Russian the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am studying the Russian language on the side.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I.e., I just occasionally spend time on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google Translate says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я изучаю русский язык на стороне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I was told by a native speaker of Russian that &quot;на стороне&quot; in this context is not correct, and that &quot;на стороне&quot; is used instead in contexts such as a love affair that a spouse may have &quot;on the side&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I have seen examples of &quot;на стороне&quot; such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нет ничего плохого в заработке на стороне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он тут подыскивал работёнку на стороне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;... which native speakers said are fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;QUESTIONS:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the essential difference between making money or working on the side, and studying a language on the side?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Were the additional examples I provided okay because there was some negative connotation to the mentioned activity?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are possible correct ways to translate my original sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5584" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T03:31:14.660" Title="&quot;On the side&quot; — «На стороне»?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20338" CreationDate="2019-07-31T14:35:52.713" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the essential difference between making money or working on the side, and studying a language on the side?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;To do/have something on the side&lt;/em&gt; is used for concealed and undesirable things only. When you make money «on side», it means some second, unofficial work, hidden from your employer to avoid salary cuts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there is nothing shameful or dangerous in learning the second language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Were the additional examples I provided okay because there was some negative connotation to the mentioned activity?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The examples are fine; their meaning is covered above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What are possible correct ways to translate my original sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Probably&lt;/strong&gt;, «я изучаю русский язык, но медленно» (“I study Russian, but in a slow pace”) or «я эпизодически изучаю русский язык» (“I occasionally study Russian”). Note that there is no unambiguous distinction between simple and perfect tenses in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7547" LastEditorUserId="7547" LastEditDate="2019-07-31T17:56:20.387" LastActivityDate="2019-07-31T17:56:20.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20338" CreationDate="2019-07-31T14:50:54.717" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could say «Я изучаю русский язык побочно», meaning approximately &quot;not as my main activity or goal&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2019-07-31T14:50:54.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20341" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20338" CreationDate="2019-07-31T15:35:27.903" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Interestingly, I've never heard 'on the side' being used in the sense you've used it for, so I had to look it up and &lt;a href=&quot;https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/on-the-side&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cambridge Dictionary&lt;/a&gt; claims that its purely an American English usage. Brits don't use it in this sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&quot;on the side&quot;&#xA;​&#xA;- in addition to your main job:&#xA;  He makes a little money on the side by cleaning windows in his spare time.&#xA;​&#xA;- secretly:&#xA;  I think he has another woman on the side (= a relationship with a woman who is not his wife).&#xA;​&#xA;- mainly US (of food in a restaurant) served on another plate, or on the side of the plate:&#xA;  I'd like a salad with the dressing on the side (= with the dressing served separately from the salad), please.&#xA;  I'll have a omelette with fries on the side, please.&#xA;&#xA;&quot;on the side&quot; in American English:&#xA;​&#xA;- in addition:&#xA;  He drives a bus, but he’s a tour guide on the side.&#xA;​&#xA;- Food that is served on the side is served separate from other food:&#xA;  I’ll have the salad with the dressing on the side.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian you could say: &quot;в свободное от работы время&quot; or just &quot;в свободное время&quot;, other variants: &quot;в качестве хобби&quot;, &quot;понемногу&quot; (&lt;em&gt;Я тут понемногу изучаю русский язык&lt;/em&gt;), &quot;в качестве развлечения&quot; (but careful, they are not 100% interchangeable and have their subtleties). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is the essential difference between making money or working on the side, and studying a language on the side?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why should there be any? Or even - who decides which difference is essential and which isn't? Different languages use different idioms and that's the way it is. As you can see even Brits consider this difference (money making vs studying) essential enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-07-31T16:02:25.027" LastActivityDate="2019-07-31T16:02:25.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20338" CreationDate="2019-07-31T17:10:48.413" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, &quot;На стороне&quot; can be used for to characterize secondary employment or source of income, but not any activity in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no direct equivalent for &quot;on the side&quot; in general case. Following constructs are commonly used: &quot;параллельно&quot;, &quot;попутно&quot;, &quot;в свободное время&quot;, &quot;понемногу&quot;, &quot;а еще&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-07-31T17:10:48.413" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20338" CreationDate="2019-07-31T17:42:27.243" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;изучаю как хобби / в качестве хобби&lt;/strong&gt; will be apt if your &quot;main&quot; language isn't being studied as just another hobby.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The particularities which apply to the usage of &lt;strong&gt;на стороне&lt;/strong&gt; are the same as those existing in any other language and which stem from established phraseology. Some phrases  are simply acceptable and idiomatic in certain specific contexts, which may change over time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-07-31T17:42:27.243" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20344" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-01T02:24:32.057" Score="4" ViewCount="375" Body="&lt;p&gt;Recently I found out from reading a text that &quot;взять производную&quot; (literally the same as &quot;take the derivative&quot; in English) is an acceptable synonym for продифференцировать, which surprised me since I'd heard that the literal translation взять экзамен from English is incorrect (makes the person sound like a thief).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does взять work generally as a synonym for вычислить or применить операцию:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;прологарифмировать числo = взять логарифм числа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;возвести число в квадрат = взять квадрат числа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;возвести обе стороны уравнения в степень = взять степень обеих сторон уравнения?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;извлечь квадратный корень числа = взять квадратный корень числа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;проинтегрировать функцию = взять интеграл функции?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вычислить когомологии короткой точной последовательности = взять когомологии  короткой точной последовательности?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2019-08-11T15:24:09.507" LastActivityDate="2019-08-11T15:24:40.043" Title="Usage of verb взять" Tags="&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20345" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-01T03:39:42.723" Score="4" ViewCount="467" Body="&lt;p&gt;A text I was reading used производная от полинома a few times. What extra detail does от add that is not present in производная полинома? Are производная от функции or сумма от чисел also acceptable, and if so how do those differ from производная функции or сумма чисел? Does this usage of от (where its presence &lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt; absence are both meaningful) also appear in non-technical speech?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-08-01T08:48:19.140" LastActivityDate="2019-08-03T21:04:50.020" Title="Usage of the preposition &quot;от&quot;" Tags="&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20346" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20344" CreationDate="2019-08-01T05:49:51.227" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's my attempt of an answer (I might have to post it unfinished and come back to it later). I assume that your native language is English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Take&lt;/em&gt; as well as Russian &lt;em&gt;взять / брать&lt;/em&gt; are the examples of highly polisemous verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://norvig.com/ticip.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;This paper attempts to show what the definition of a word should look&#xA;  like, in order to be of use to AI programs such as analyzers and&#xA;  generators. We concentrate on &lt;em&gt;take&lt;/em&gt;, a highly polysemous word which&#xA;  poses many vexing questions. Why is it that we can say &lt;em&gt;take a&#xA;  look&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;take a whiff&lt;/em&gt;, but not &lt;em&gt;take a stare&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;take a smell&lt;/em&gt;? Why can a&#xA;  photographer take a picture, while an artist cannot take a painting?&#xA;  It is clear that there must be several distinct senses of take,&#xA;  because the implications are different for different usages. For&#xA;  example, when I take a book (or when I am given a book) it is&#xA;  felicitous to say I got a book or I have a book. However, if I take it&#xA;  in stride, it is not the case that I got it in stride or I have it in&#xA;  stride. Faced with these facts about language, our goal is to come up&#xA;  with definitions for the various senses of a word...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the sets of their meanings/senses in English and Russian overlap only partially.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, this is the reason why &lt;em&gt;взять производную&lt;/em&gt; is ok while &lt;em&gt;взять экзамен&lt;/em&gt; is not.&#xA;Even more interestingly - &lt;em&gt;взять такси&lt;/em&gt; is perfectly fine while &lt;em&gt;взять автобус/поезд&lt;/em&gt; is something you can mostly hear from emigrants (and non-native speakers, of course) who sometimes use &lt;em&gt;calques&lt;/em&gt; of the corresponding English/French expressions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now to your list of examples. These days one can use Google as a very convenient tool to look up the frequency of occurrences of a particular expression. This normally gives a good indication of whether a phrase is well-established or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could easily do this yourself, so I'll be brief:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does взять work generally as a synonym for вычислить or применить операцию:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;прологарифмировать числo = взять логарифм числа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes (or rather &lt;em&gt;sounds good enough to me&lt;/em&gt;, professional mathematicians may disagree).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;возвести число в квадрат = взять квадрат числа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. &lt;em&gt;взять&lt;/em&gt; sounds weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;возвести обе стороны уравнения в степень = взять степень обеих сторон уравнения?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. &lt;em&gt;взять&lt;/em&gt; sounds weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;извлечь квадратный корень числа = взять квадратный корень числа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hmm... Sounds a bit odd but I'm not sure I'd notice this oddity if I didn't focus on this specifically (as I'm doing now)...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;проинтегрировать функцию = взять интеграл функции?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;вычислить когомологии короткой точной последовательности = взять когомологии  короткой точной последовательности?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You've lost me here :) But intuitively, w/out googling - No.  &lt;em&gt;найти / определить&lt;/em&gt; maybe but not &lt;em&gt;взять&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2019-08-11T15:24:40.043" LastActivityDate="2019-08-11T15:24:40.043" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20345" CreationDate="2019-08-01T07:26:14.793" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No extra details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some people use 'от' when they talk about algebraic or trigonometric functions (but not arithmetic though).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So 'Производная от функции', 'Интеграл от функции' are acceptable as well as 'Синус от нуля' or 'Экспонента от функции'. However, if you see it in a written text it probably means that author has poor grammar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Сумма от чисел', 'Произведение от чисел' aren't acceptable at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12339" LastActivityDate="2019-08-01T07:26:14.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20345" CreationDate="2019-08-01T07:28:01.690" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a mathematical context, there is no practical difference. Where &quot;от&quot; is explicitly used, it just (in my view) reinforces the genetive case. In some phrases it is customary; in some not (&quot;сумма от чисел&quot; is never used, it would have a different (non-sensical) meaning, see below).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can more often see &quot;от&quot; when there is a dependent word, such as &quot;производная от функции sin(x)&quot; [hey, no MathJax here?!] (vs &quot;производная функции&quot; as an independent term), but this is not a specific rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general usage, direct use without a preposition is roughly equivalent to english &quot;of&quot; (posession/belonging), whereas &quot;от&quot; is equivalent to &quot;from&quot; (origin/source). It math, this is often the same, but in many cases it is not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://instamart.ru/spree/products/1058/preview/16981.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Pelmeni&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2019-08-01T07:28:01.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20345" CreationDate="2019-08-01T07:34:55.797" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First thing - &quot;от&quot; is not a verb, but preposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for usage with derevatives - mathimatical text in Russian is very hard to read due to lots of grammatics dependences between close and distant phrases and terms. While in simple text there is no difference between using and not using &quot;от&quot; (it's a matter of taste), in complex text this preposition helps to avoid ambiguity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider this simple example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;не следует производить интегрирование по Жордану производной сложного полинома тригонометрических функций&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it is still uderstandable, I (who think up this phrase!) need to read it twice. Prepositions will  make it clearer for sure. In Russian such a &quot;chain of nouns&quot; is s stylistic error (unlike in English).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &quot;сумма от чисел&quot; -  it is unacceptable, becase of plural form and dual nature of sum operation. &quot;Сумма от числа&quot; would be acceptable if it had sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also acceptable &quot;квадратный корень от числа&quot; (but not used much), &quot;интеграл от функции&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-08-01T07:34:55.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20350" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20351" CreationDate="2019-08-01T07:50:36.203" Score="11" ViewCount="3626" Body="&lt;p&gt;Abstracting from the fact that it is usually pronounced as in English, how /etc (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/etc-fs.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/etc-fs.html&lt;/a&gt;) should be pronounced in Russian? I was under the impression that, as it transliterates to /етц, it should be pronounced as &quot;ye te tse&quot;. That is the way Mr. Дмитрий Молчанов pronounced it in &quot;Администрирование Linux. Лекция 4&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dFxopSVe5Y&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dFxopSVe5Y&lt;/a&gt;) at around 18:16 and Mr. Anton Pavlenko in &quot;Структура каталогов Linux и монтирование дисков. Как продлить жизнь SSD.&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7iKs5xiujM&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7iKs5xiujM&lt;/a&gt;) at around 10:45.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, according to my Russian colleagues, also IT specialists, it transliterates to /этц and should be pronounced as &quot;e te tse&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12349" LastActivityDate="2019-08-20T08:15:51.360" Title="Russian pronunciation of /etc (a directory)" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20350" CreationDate="2019-08-01T07:56:52.537" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;People who tend to use 'Latin' pronunciation in abbreviations (and it is a very common practice) would say &quot;ye te tse&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just like they say &quot;ye dva ye chetyre&quot; (E2-E4) to describe one of the favorite first moves in the Chess. Not &quot;&quot;e dva e chetyre&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12339" LastEditorUserId="12339" LastEditDate="2019-08-01T08:20:40.123" LastActivityDate="2019-08-01T08:20:40.123" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20344" CreationDate="2019-08-01T08:34:18.560" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a casual or semi-casual conversation about math &lt;strong&gt;взять&lt;/strong&gt; can work as a synonym for &lt;strong&gt;вычислить&lt;/strong&gt;. I can easily imagine a math lecture containing phases like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Теперь давайте &lt;strong&gt;возьмем&lt;/strong&gt; от этого выражения логарифм.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Берите&lt;/strong&gt; от функции квадрат, чтобы в задаче на оптимизацию был подходящий градиент.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same for &lt;strong&gt;взять квадрат, интеграл, сумму, корень, когомологию&lt;/strong&gt;. Note however that this is not the most formal way to talk, I wouldn't do it in a publication.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12321" LastActivityDate="2019-08-01T08:34:18.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20350" CreationDate="2019-08-01T09:09:36.153" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have never heard from a single IT person to call it &quot;e te tse&quot;. You can of course use both options. But all my IT colleagues call it &quot;ye te tse&quot;, since the first letter in /etc &lt;strong&gt;E&lt;/strong&gt; is mostly similar to Russian &lt;strong&gt;E&lt;/strong&gt; (pronounced &quot;ye&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12326" LastActivityDate="2019-08-01T09:09:36.153" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20354" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20338" CreationDate="2019-08-01T11:10:08.827" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suggestion to translate this idea:&#xA;Я изучаю русский язык, но (просто) так, без фанатизма.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;просто так&quot; suggests you do it not very seriously just for you.&#xA;&quot;без фанатизма&quot; is a phrase sometimes used (in quite colloquial context) to say you won't insist very seriously on something, you do it without making a big deal of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11924" LastActivityDate="2019-08-01T11:10:08.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20308" CreationDate="2019-08-01T11:26:31.887" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;says she is not afraid to publish whatever she wants to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и она не боится писать то, что считает нужным&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But journalists usually publish about something so alternative&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и она не боится писать о том, о чём посчитает нужным&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8139" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-08-01T11:26:31.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20350" CreationDate="2019-08-01T13:51:16.420" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It trully depends on the person.&#xA;Some say &quot;ye te tse&quot;, some say &quot;e te tse&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is because the latin &quot;e&quot; usually translates phonetically to э, as in the latin alphabet &quot;ye&quot; does not occur as a letter on its own. From a strictly linguistic point of view, it should be &quot;e te tse&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it is like with the word router.&#xA;Some say &quot;rooter&quot; some say &quot;rauter&quot;, even though the root word &quot;route&quot; is closer to &quot;root&quot; than to &quot;raut&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12351" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-08-01T18:07:13.890" LastActivityDate="2019-08-01T18:07:13.890" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18019" CreationDate="2019-08-01T16:13:12.427" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In historical or diplomatic documents, or in the press, they oftentimes say  &quot;конфронтация дошла &lt;em&gt;до опасной черты&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A less formal version is: &quot;конфронтация дошла &lt;em&gt;до предела&lt;/em&gt;&quot; .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-08-01T16:13:12.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20360" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-01T19:11:43.753" Score="4" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to ask about transitive verb in Russian &quot;играть&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to dictionary this verb is transitive but there are common sentences such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Дети играют во дворе&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Команда играла плохо&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and others...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In these examples the verb is used without complements. As I know &quot;во дворе&quot; and &quot;плохо&quot; are prepositional and adverbial phrases, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, what is wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12353" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T14:19:14.297" Title="Transitive verbs" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20360" CreationDate="2019-08-01T19:42:02.060" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A verb can be transitive or intransitive. And this quality depends upon its meaning. Since the verb играть has got a lot of meanings,  it can be both transitive and intransitive. Read the article from the dictionary by Ефремова &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Значение слова Играть по Ефремовой:&#xA;  Играть - 1. неперех. Резвясь, забавляться, развлекаться. // Проводить время в каком-л. занятии, доставляющем удовлетворение, служащем развлечением одним лишь участием в нем. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Исполнять музыкальное произведение на одном или нескольких инструментах. // разг. неперех. Звучать (о музыке, музыкальных инструментах и т.п.). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;неперех. Уметь пользоваться каким-л. инструментом или уметь ориентироваться в какой-л. игре. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Активно выступать, действовать в какой-л. момент спортивной или карточной игры. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Пользоваться для игры. // Приводить что-л. в действие, делать ход в игре, ходить в игре чем-л. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;неперех. Обращаться с каким-л. предметом как с игрушкой. // перен. Относиться к кому-л. несерьезно, как к забаве, распоряжаться кем-л., чем-л. по своему усмотрению, не считаясь с чьими-л. интересами, желаниями. // перен. Обращаться с чем-л. легкомысленно, поступать неосмотрительно, не предвидя последствий. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;перен. неперех. Заниматься какой-л. деятельностью несерьезно. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;перех. Представлять на сцене, в театре. // Изображать на сцене, исполнять какую-л. роль. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;неперех. Проявлять какое-л. качество, чувство, не имея, не испытывая его в действительности, притворяться, изображая собою что-л. // Пользоваться в своих интересах чем-л., что дает возможность воздействовать на кого-л. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;перен. неперех. Сверкать, сиять, переливаясь разными оттенками, отражаться (о лучах солнца, свете, заре и т.п.). // Искриться, пениться (о вине, шипучих напитках). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;перен. неперех. С живостью обнаруживаться, меняя оттенки своего выражения (о воображении чувств). // Находить выражение, отражаться.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2019-08-02T14:19:14.297" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T14:19:14.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20360" CreationDate="2019-08-01T19:43:37.527" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are verbs which can be both transitive and intransitive. Играть is one of them. The transitivity depends on the meaning, so if there is a complement next to the verb, the verb is transitive, and vice versa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;em&gt;играю вальс&lt;/em&gt; на пианино. играть1 'to perform (a song, etc.)'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я играю в песочнице. играть2 'to entertain oneself'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar verbs: петь (Он спел песню vs. Девочка пела в церковном хоре), плясать (Он плясал во дворе vs. Спляши-ка нам вальс!)...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8249" LastActivityDate="2019-08-01T19:43:37.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20360" CreationDate="2019-08-01T19:44:17.140" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just like its direct English translation 'play', 'играть' can be used in both transitive&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Актриса играет роль - An actress plays a role&#xA;Оркестр играет вальс - The orchestra is playing the waltz&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and intransitive forms&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Дети любят играть на улице - Children love to play outside&#xA;Мне нравится играть с мячом - I like to play with a ball&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there is some difference in use cases. Thus, for example, you can't say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я играю пианино - I play piano&#xA;Я играю теннис - I play tennis&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The correct versions would be with the prepositions&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я играю на пианино&#xA;Я играю в теннис&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12339" LastActivityDate="2019-08-01T19:44:17.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20338" CreationDate="2019-08-02T01:37:04.100" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the conversational Russian, the words &quot;потихоньку&quot; or &quot;потихонечку&quot; are appropriate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;я потихоньку изучаю русский язык&quot;, &quot;я потихонечку готовлюсь к поступлению в универ&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another solution is to use &quot;походя&quot;: &quot;Изучаю я русский, но как-то походя.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the wording &quot;на стороне&quot;, it is usually employed to denote either an additional income:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;у меня есть небольшой доход на стороне&quot;, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or an extramarital affair:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;у меня затеялся романчик на стороне&quot;, &quot;я заимел ребёнка на стороне&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastEditorUserId="11511" LastEditDate="2019-08-02T03:31:14.660" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T03:31:14.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20366" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20373" CreationDate="2019-08-02T10:24:04.573" Score="3" ViewCount="277" Body="&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: It turns out that even Russia's president Vladimir Putin himself quoted Bismarck as saying that phrase! (&lt;a href=&quot;https://snob.ru/selected/entry/86685&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://irrussianality.wordpress.com/2017/12/16/crackpot-theory-no-9-assume-the-worst&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source2&lt;/a&gt;). It thus seems unlikely to be a made-up quotation, because it is unthinkable that the Russian president will use made-up quotations. I am very much curious to find the original German phrase and its context and spent a few more hours searching, but found nothing. That's a real mystery...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Reading an article for my Russian classes, I saw a quotation from Otto von Bismarck:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но еще Отто фон Бисмарк сказал: &quot;Меня не интересуют их намерения, меня интересуют их возможности&quot;. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pravda.ru/world/1060976-agressor&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The quotation as it stands in Russian is so ruthless, cynical, and thought-stimulating that I got really curious what Bismarck actually said in German and whether he said anything like that at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did a lot of research and was unable to find any trace to the German original, but found that the above quotation is very frequently used in the Russian language as an aphorism attributed to Bismarck, as there are hundreds of hits in Google, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&amp;amp;q=%22%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%82%20%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C%20%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%20%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%82%20%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quite a few hits&lt;/a&gt; in Google Books, and even a &lt;a href=&quot;http://duma.gov.ru/media/files/kXzQ8bic0Clk5M49oo85LMvbq3RQpoyr.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;hit&lt;/a&gt; in minutes of the Russian Parliament. There are also rephrasings, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... но еще Бисмарк сказал: &quot;В политике важны не намерения, а возможности. Намерения меняются, возможности остаются&quot;. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://politrussia.com/vooruzhennye-sily/vasserman-20-226/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have been unable to find any similar aphorism in German, English, or Japanese. I even asked a &lt;a href=&quot;https://german.stackexchange.com/questions/53588&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; on the German SE and a &lt;a href=&quot;https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/53951&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; on the History SE in an attempt to find the original German phrase by Bismarck, but no one has been able to help me so far. For some mysterious reason this aphorism appears to be popular exclusively in the Russian language.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: What is the actual origin of this Russian aphorism attributed to Bismarck? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-08-03T06:39:32.143" LastActivityDate="2019-08-03T06:39:32.143" Title="What is the actual origin of the aphorism about intentions and capabilities?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20323" CreationDate="2019-08-02T10:26:59.697" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is partitive case which is a sub-case of genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English it can be translated with &quot;some&quot; or &quot;a&quot; article as opposed to definitive &quot;the&quot; article if it was accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So she says &quot;a man who wants (some) reliable relations&quot; as opposed to &quot;a man who wants the reliable relations&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For more information about lesser cases in Russian, look here &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/404/what-are-the-lesser-known-russian-cases&quot;&gt;What are the lesser known Russian cases?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2019-08-02T10:32:40.697" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T10:32:40.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20366" CreationDate="2019-08-02T10:52:37.743" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as popularity is concerned, i don't recall ever coming across it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One similar aphorism which i have heard being used and which according to sources does belong to him is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Die Politik ist die Lehre vom Möglichen. - Политика есть искусство&#xA;  возможного.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck#Quotes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck#Quotes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The one you ask about doesn't seem to be mentioned amongst his quotes in Wikipedia, neither amongst the misattributed and disputed ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T10:52:37.743" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20360" CreationDate="2019-08-02T11:14:17.790" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Trnansition and intransition of verbs have a special meaning of subject-object or subject-subject relations. Consider this (rude) russian proveb :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Кто девушку ужинает, тот её и танцует&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both verbs are in wrong intransition to specificly show, that the girl is treated as a thing, not a person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for verb &quot;играть&quot;: the game as a phenomen (tennis, footbal) and means of play are subjects (&quot;играть в лапту&quot; , &quot; играть на трубе&quot;), but the result or process of this play is an object (&quot;сыграть хорошую игру&quot;, &quot;играть Гамлета&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T11:14:17.790" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20350" CreationDate="2019-08-02T12:00:43.153" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I consider &lt;code&gt;/etc&lt;/code&gt; is coming from etc from Latin language  so it's pronounced like &lt;code&gt;ет cетера&lt;/code&gt; see &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et_cetera&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et_cetera&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12362" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T12:00:43.153" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20372" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20322" CreationDate="2019-08-02T16:41:41.723" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nothing exactly equivalent comes to mind, but if someone is too upright or pretends to be and boasts about it or criticizes others from a moral high ground, people might ask him:&#xA;Тебе нимб не жмет?&#xA;Implying that he's acting too righteously, like he's a saint.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T16:41:41.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20366" CreationDate="2019-08-02T18:27:59.947" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've sent an email to &lt;a href=&quot;https://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=248421&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;N.A.Vlasov&lt;/a&gt; the author of &lt;a href=&quot;https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28408926&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; asking him to comment on the quotation from the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the response in full:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Добрый день!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Однозначно утверждать, что Бисмарк этого не говорил, я не возьмусь. В&#xA;  огромном массиве его писем, речей, разговоров и т.д. могла встретиться&#xA;  такая фраза - но по конкретному вопросу и в конкретном контексте, вне&#xA;  которого ее рассматривать бессмысленно. Расценивать такое&#xA;  высказывание, если оно и имело место, как некий общий принцип, которым&#xA;  руководствовался Бисмарк, попросту невозможно, так как это&#xA;  противоречит его деятельности (да и просто здравому смыслу). Поскольку&#xA;  в российских источниках нет никаких ссылок на оригинал, с 99%&#xA;  вероятностью речь идет об откровенном апокрифе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С уважением, Николай&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastActivityDate="2019-08-02T18:27:59.947" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20374" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20350" CreationDate="2019-08-02T21:32:21.800" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unlike other people, who say out sounds of the letters as they are, &quot;ye te tse&quot;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I say it all like one word, эцъ &quot;et's&quot;, kind of like &quot;it's&quot; but with an e.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is similar to saying NASA as &quot;nassa&quot;, you don't say &quot;en ay es ay&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;/etc is a `thing', it is not made up of three discrete components, it is one whole thing in itself, it's a directory. Why in world would you use three syllables when you need only one!?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems like a matter of personal preference.&#xA;I once had a colleague who would literally translate /etc as /итд and /home as /дом and say it like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12368" LastEditorUserId="12368" LastEditDate="2019-08-06T19:49:04.133" LastActivityDate="2019-08-06T19:49:04.133" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20375" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20345" CreationDate="2019-08-03T07:34:41.407" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you think about it semantically, производная comes from производить, to produce. So the word indicates origin or ingredients, so we use от with it, like it's &quot;made from&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A sum though is like a collection of or a container of things. Мешок камней, сумма чисел. A sum of things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or for example, in Russian when we talk about square root, we say извлекать корень, to &quot;extract a root&quot;, because извлекать (а) ИЗ (б), we tend to say квадратный корень из числа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They're not hard and fast rules and alternative prepositions are accepted, but these are just some examples of semantic logic for those prepositions in math.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2019-08-03T07:34:41.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20376" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20345" CreationDate="2019-08-03T19:18:25.003" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It appears in non-technical contexts. &quot;Колесо машины&quot; and &quot;колесо от машины&quot; will have the same meaning when you see a wheel lying dismantled near a car as well as on its own with no car in view. But when a wheel is mounted where it should be, you'd better say &quot;колесо машины&quot;. The same usage is applied to almost all similar constructions. But in colloquial speech you can both use &quot;от&quot; or not use it without any change of meaning notwithstanding the whole and the part being together or having been laid separately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One note to be heeded is that insofar as a kind of instrument and not the whole and its part is concerned the preposition &quot;от&quot; is rather used (ключ от квартиры, средство от комаров).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="12275" LastEditDate="2019-08-03T21:04:50.020" LastActivityDate="2019-08-03T21:04:50.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20377" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-04T17:33:41.997" Score="1" ViewCount="138" Body="&lt;p&gt;Math term &lt;a href=&quot;https://planetmath.org/joininfinitedistributive&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;join infinite distributive&lt;/a&gt; in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &quot;meet infinite distributive&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6471" LastActivityDate="2019-08-04T19:54:49.260" Title="Join infinite distributive (mathematical)" Tags="&lt;математика&gt;&lt;фраза&gt;&lt;терминология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20377" CreationDate="2019-08-04T19:54:49.260" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not familiar with the term but comparing the definitions you linked and &lt;a href=&quot;http://edu.sernam.ru/book_mmn.php?id=20&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Блюмин С.Л 2.4 (17) and (18)&lt;/a&gt;, looks like the translations are: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;infinite distributive - &lt;strong&gt;бесконечно дистрибутивная&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  join-infinite distributive - &lt;strong&gt;брауэрова&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  meet-infinite distributive &lt;strong&gt;дуальная брауэрова&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12321" LastActivityDate="2019-08-04T19:54:49.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20379" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20350" CreationDate="2019-08-05T06:35:07.770" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The name of the folder is coming from latin Et cetera (произн. [эт цэтэра] &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et_cetera&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et_cetera&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I pronounce it ЭТЦ or ИТиСи, not ЕТЦ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12375" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-08-20T08:15:51.360" LastActivityDate="2019-08-20T08:15:51.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20380" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20382" CreationDate="2019-08-05T11:59:56.537" Score="3" ViewCount="621" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe брать is used when something physical is taken and принимать is used when something is ingested (such as medicine) and получать is used when something is accepted. Is this too simple? Are there occasions when you could use any of the above i.e. they are synonyms?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-08-08T08:02:38.290" LastActivityDate="2019-08-09T17:52:43.833" Title="Confusion between &quot;брать&quot;, &quot;принимать&quot;, &quot;получать&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20380" CreationDate="2019-08-05T13:55:44.030" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Брать, взять&lt;/strong&gt; - acquire smth proactivly. Not only phisical: &quot;я брал у него несколько уроков танцев&quot; (means it was my initiative to study dancing). &quot;Забрать победу в последний момент&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Принимать&lt;/strong&gt; - has little to do with ingesting (you may &quot;принимать&quot; (take) your medicine non-oraly). Means acquire smth to youself more or less voluntarily. &quot;Принимать гостей&quot; - (voluntarily) accept guests. &quot;Принять своё несовершенство и жить дальше&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Получать&lt;/strong&gt; - acquire smth passively, as a target. &quot;Получать удар за ударом&quot; - you can not translate this to English using &quot;accept&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-08-05T20:17:09.660" LastActivityDate="2019-08-05T20:17:09.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20380" CreationDate="2019-08-06T01:21:24.930" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In dictionaries these words may have many numbered meanings. &#xA;Here is what comes first to mind when we compare these words in the most often used meanings. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If &lt;em&gt;you&lt;/em&gt; doing this (брать-принимать-получать) action:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Брать&lt;/strong&gt; - you make your own effort and take/grab something into your hands. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Брать книгу со стола. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Принимать&lt;/strong&gt; - the same as брать but with the preceding action that somebody gives/offers it to you, and you take it from him/her/ I.e. you accept it, and take it into your hands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Принимать подарки. Принимать поздравления. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Принимать лекарство - is a special case, looks like idiom to me, means take/ingest medicine. Принимать решение - also an idiom.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Получать&lt;/strong&gt; - similar to &lt;em&gt;receive&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;obtain&lt;/em&gt;. &#xA;It is on the other side of send. If something was sent to you, you can receive it (получить). &#xA;&lt;em&gt;Получать&lt;/em&gt; hints on somewhat passive role of yourself. Somebody (or nature) sent something into your direction and then you received it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Получать письмо. Получить удар по голове.&#xA;Получил эту роль. Получил много денег. Получил урок. Получил удовольствие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2019-08-06T01:29:12.957" LastActivityDate="2019-08-06T01:29:12.957" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20385" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20387" CreationDate="2019-08-07T12:02:55.827" Score="4" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;I did some Russian years ago and I'm tempted to resume my study of the language.  I've always found it useful to work with a monolingual dictionary while learning a foreign language.  Back in the days, there was the &lt;em&gt;Ozhegov&lt;/em&gt; I had a copy of but don't any more.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The French have &lt;em&gt;Le Robert&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Larousse&lt;/em&gt;, the Germans &lt;em&gt;Duden&lt;/em&gt;, the English &lt;em&gt;Collins&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Longman&lt;/em&gt;.  I was wondering what one-volume dictionary people in Russia would have at home.  I'm also interested in monolingual dictionaries meant specifically for learners of Russian as a foreign language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12386" LastActivityDate="2019-08-07T20:35:53.943" Title="monolingual dictionary" Tags="&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-08-08T06:52:03.570" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20385" CreationDate="2019-08-07T14:28:09.553" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dictionary by &lt;em&gt;Ожегов&lt;/em&gt; can be found online as sites where you either enter a word into the search field or browse the words alphabetically.&#xA;Here are some of such sites:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• &lt;a href=&quot;https://slovarozhegova.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://slovarozhegova.ru/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ozhegov.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.ozhegov.org/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• &lt;a href=&quot;https://povto.ru/russkie/slovari/tolkovie/ozhegova/tolkovii-slovar-ozhegova-bukva-a.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://povto.ru/russkie/slovari/tolkovie/ozhegova/tolkovii-slovar-ozhegova-bukva-a.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This last site is also linked to other famous Russian monolingual dictionaries, although they are many-volume: &lt;em&gt;Даль&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Dahl&lt;/em&gt;, mid-19th century) and &lt;em&gt;Ушаков&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Ushakov&lt;/em&gt;, 1930s), as well as to an orthographic dictionary and several orthoepic (that is, pronunciation) dictionaries. These links are on the right at the top of the page, below the cover of the dictionary by &lt;em&gt;Ozhegov&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;a href=&quot;http://cyberlan.com.ua/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Tolkovij-slovarj-russkogo-yazika.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; is &lt;em&gt;Ozhegov&lt;/em&gt;'s dictionary as a PDF e-book of 2,314 pages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-08-07T14:28:09.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20387" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20385" CreationDate="2019-08-07T20:35:53.943" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Now that you mentioned &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;esrc=s&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;cd=1&amp;amp;cad=rja&amp;amp;uact=8&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwjn_qP5x_HjAhU7QEEAHd9uA6sQFjAAegQIARAB&amp;amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLongman_Dictionary_of_Contemporary_English&amp;amp;usg=AOvVaw2P217cIZnmk8_79Qy0N4EK&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LDOCE&lt;/a&gt; - this brought back some memories, I did you use it myself but I'm not sure I realised at the time that it was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_learner%27s_dictionary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;an advanced learner's dictionary&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This also encouraged me to do some research and I've discovered that &lt;a href=&quot;https://tvkultura.ru/article/show/article_id/144673/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Большой универсальный словарь русского языка&quot;&lt;/a&gt; has been issued fairly recently (in 2016) with a very promising annotation (I hope you'll manage to understand this, &lt;a href=&quot;https://translate.google.com/#view=home&amp;amp;op=translate&amp;amp;sl=ru&amp;amp;tl=en&amp;amp;text=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%20%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%20-%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F%2C%20%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%B2%20%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%20%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%20%D1%81%20%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%20%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8%20%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8%20Oxford%20University%20Press%2C%20Longman%20(Pearson%20Education)%20%D0%B8%20Duden%20%D0%B8%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%B2%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8.%20%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BE%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%20%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%20%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%20%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%2C%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%20%D0%92.%D0%92.%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.%20%0A%D0%92%20%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%20%D0%B2%20%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%2030000%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5%20%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%85%20%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%2C%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%20%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0.%20%D0%92%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%20%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%20%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%3A%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%2C%20%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%2C%20%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C%20%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8B%2C%20%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D1%81%20%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC%20%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%2C%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%2C%20%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%2C%20%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%2C%20%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%2C%20%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%B2%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%20%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C%20%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F.%20%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D0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rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Google translation&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;em&gt;truncated here&lt;/em&gt;) may help if not):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Государственный институт русского языка имени Пушкина представил результат 25-летнего труда – «Большой универсальный словарь русского языка». Это фундаментальное издание не имеет аналогов в современной русской лексикографии и, по мнению специалистов, встает в один ряд с такими всемирно известными словарями, как Oxford University, Longman, Duden Institute.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В Словаре представлено в алфавитном порядке около 30000 наиболее употребительных слов всех частей речи, составляющих лексическое ядро русского языка. Впервые при каждом слове приводятся сведения, отражающие практически все его лингвистические свойства: написание, ударение, особенности произношения, грамматические формы, значения с указанием их активности или пассивности, сочетаемость, синонимы, антонимы, паронимы, употребление в составе фразеологизмов, культурологическая и страноведческая информация. Рассматривается морфемный состав слова, дается словообразовательная структура, перечисляются производные от него лексические единицы, приводится этимология. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Словарь предназначен для преподавателей русского языка как родного, &lt;strong&gt;а также как иностранного&lt;/strong&gt;, отечественных и зарубежных специалистов в области русистики, а также школьников, студентов и всех интересующихся нормативным употреблением русских слов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have never seen this dictionary &lt;em&gt;in the flesh&lt;/em&gt;, so cannot comment on its quality but the description sounds very interesting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure whether links to online shops are allowed on SE, so I'll just mention that the book can be easily found on Ozon - part of the quotation above is in fact copied from there and they also show a few images of its pages to help you get an idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastActivityDate="2019-08-07T20:35:53.943" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20388" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-08T07:43:56.340" Score="5" ViewCount="415" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Show&quot; stands for &quot;шоу&quot; but I'm failing to find a precise term for &quot;pre-show&quot;, should it be just &quot;пре-шоу&quot; or what?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12388" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-08-08T08:21:37.290" LastActivityDate="2019-08-08T13:32:02.943" Title="How do I say &quot;Outdoor Pre-show&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20388" CreationDate="2019-08-08T09:00:59.117" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Пре-шоу, Предшоу or Развлекательная программа. Pre-show goes at a time when the audience takes places.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, Pre-show it is as like a trailer (трейлер, анонс) before watch a movie in cinema.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12387" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-08-08T09:12:01.337" LastActivityDate="2019-08-08T09:12:01.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20388" CreationDate="2019-08-08T09:03:00.400" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Прешоу» would be understood by most young Russians, but the translation that Multitran gives is much wordier:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;наружная предварительная развлекательная программа&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2019-08-08T09:03:00.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20391" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20388" CreationDate="2019-08-08T13:00:40.360" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can also use &lt;code&gt;разогрев&lt;/code&gt; for something that happens before the main element of the show.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2019-08-08T13:00:40.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20388" CreationDate="2019-08-08T13:32:02.943" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is kind of awkward but for the lack (if any) of a better term &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;предварительное выступление&lt;br&gt;&#xA;предварительный концерт&lt;br&gt;&#xA;предваряющее выступление&lt;br&gt;&#xA;предваряющий концерт&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;can be used&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-08-08T13:32:02.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20380" CreationDate="2019-08-08T17:09:36.020" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Брать = take&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Принимать = get&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Получать = receive, obtain.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2019-08-09T17:52:43.833" LastActivityDate="2019-08-09T17:52:43.833" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20396" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-08T21:17:14.420" Score="1" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it connected to корчить and короткий?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vasmer does not answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2019-08-09T03:36:24.677" Title="What is the etymology of the word крутить?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20396" CreationDate="2019-08-09T03:31:01.900" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Крутить&lt;/em&gt; is from the Proto-Slavic root *krǫt-, Old Church Slavonic &lt;em&gt;крѫтити&lt;/em&gt;. In this word and in its cognates in other Indo-European languages, as Vasmer has it, we see the nasal element in the root. The Proto-Slavic nasal vowels developed from a combination vowel + nasal consonant when the Proto-Slavic law of the open syllables began to work and all the closed syllables got opened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Корчить&lt;/em&gt; is from &lt;em&gt;корчи&lt;/em&gt; 'spasms', which is from the Proto-Slavic &lt;em&gt;*kr̩čь&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt; PIE *(s)ker 'to turn (крутить), to bend (гнуть)', related to the Latin &lt;em&gt;curvus&lt;/em&gt; 'bent, curved' (изогнутый) and Greek &lt;em&gt;κυρτός&lt;/em&gt; (kyrtós) with the same meaning. Here we see no nasal element in the root, so the etymological connection of &lt;em&gt;корчить&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;крутить&lt;/em&gt; is dubious, although semantically they are prety close. On the other hand, &lt;em&gt;короткий&lt;/em&gt; (from the same PIE root *(s)ker) is related to &lt;em&gt;корчить&lt;/em&gt;, but surely not to &lt;em&gt;крутить&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original nasal consonant in the root of &lt;em&gt;крутить&lt;/em&gt; makes it unrelated to the other two words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2019-08-09T03:36:24.677" LastActivityDate="2019-08-09T03:36:24.677" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20399" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-11T07:41:30.807" Score="4" ViewCount="469" Body="&lt;p&gt;We were talking about ... My girlfriend whipped up a mousse-like cold dessert with some fresh fruits, but the thick slices of apple inside turned out a bit too frozen to eat as is. And here I wanted to jokingly say something along the lines of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If somebody cracked a tooth on one of those frozen solid apples, &lt;strong&gt;we would never hear the end of it&lt;/strong&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;{In the sense of}: &lt;em&gt;We might as well still be hearing some complaint or other in ten years' time.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Idiomatic Russian phrasings for this elude me. How is this idea commonly expressed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2019-08-16T01:59:58.327" Title="Russian equivalents of &quot;We would never hear the end of it&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20399" CreationDate="2019-08-11T09:45:22.017" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a fairly common phrase:&#xA;&lt;em&gt;кто-то&lt;/em&gt; будет долго [нам] припоминать &lt;em&gt;что-то&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;(&lt;em&gt;someone&lt;/em&gt; will remember &lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt; for a long time;&#xA;literally: &lt;em&gt;someone&lt;/em&gt; will remind [us] of &lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt; for a long time).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As an option,&#xA;&lt;em&gt;кто-то&lt;/em&gt; будет до конца дней [нам] припоминать &lt;em&gt;что-то&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&#xA;(&lt;em&gt;someone&lt;/em&gt; will remember &lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt; for the rest of the days;&#xA;literally: &lt;em&gt;someone&lt;/em&gt; will remind [us] of &lt;em&gt;something&lt;/em&gt; for the rest of the days).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this phrase in most cases is addressed to whoever's responsible for what happened (at least indirectly).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if you accidentally (or not) break someone's car, they &quot;будет долго это припоминать&quot; (will remember this for a long time; literally: will remind you of this for a long time)&quot;. So, we can't say that they will &lt;em&gt;&quot;долго это припоминать&quot; to someone&lt;/em&gt; who had nothing to do with what happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, the word &quot;припоминать&quot; is more often found in fiction and spoken language. It is practically not used in official texts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more option is &quot;эта песня никогда не закончится&quot; (this song will never end) или &quot;[это] бесконечная песня&quot; (it's an endless song). These can mean both &quot;they will never stop saying anything&quot; and &quot;they will never stop doing anything&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Upd: Perhaps, this expression would be more appropriate to your sentence:&#xA;&quot;слушать об этом до конца жизни&quot; (to listen about it for the rest of life),&#xA;&quot;слушать об этом до конца дней своих&quot; (to listen about it for the rest of (literally) one's days)&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если кто-то сломает зуб об это заледеневшее яблоко, мы будем слушать об этом до конца жизни.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Upd2: I'm not sure that &quot;слушать об этом&quot; is grammatically correct in Russian.&#xA;But I asked a question to the helpdesk and will soon post their answer.&#xA;Btw, instead of &quot;слушать об этом&quot; you can say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;выслушивать это...&quot;. But it's usually about longer conversations. Not about those that are short and recurrent, as in our case.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7448" LastEditorUserId="7448" LastEditDate="2019-08-11T10:23:43.033" LastActivityDate="2019-08-11T10:23:43.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20401" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20308" CreationDate="2019-08-11T16:02:23.017" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a native speaker, and &quot;Я не боюсь писать ничего.&quot; sound fine to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12400" LastActivityDate="2019-08-11T16:02:23.017" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20402" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20403" CreationDate="2019-08-11T17:05:49.820" Score="7" ViewCount="1675" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я всю жизнь считал, что это сума с деньгами, то есть нежданное богатство, а вот народ в интернете считает, что эта сума как-то относится к нищенству.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5617" LastActivityDate="2019-08-12T00:47:43.700" Title="От сумы, да от тюрьмы не зарекайся - что за сума?" Tags="&lt;пословицы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20402" CreationDate="2019-08-11T18:14:34.923" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это сума, которую носит нищий попрошайка, и собирает в неё подаяние.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/сума&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2 перен. символ нищеты, нищенства, банкротства ◆ Разве стечение бед не&#xA;  может и самого трудолюбивого довести до сумы? Н. М. Карамзин, «Письма&#xA;  русского путешественника», 1793 г...  ◆ В пять лет не устроишь нового&#xA;  хозяйства, а в пять-то годов можно и до сумы дойти… П. И.&#xA;  Мельников-Печерский, «На горах», 1875—1881 г...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://slovardalja.net/word.php?wordid=39515&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://slovardalja.net/word.php?wordid=39515&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... Ходить с сумой, собирать подаяние. Пустить кого с сумою, разорить&#xA;  впух...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11530" LastEditorUserId="11530" LastEditDate="2019-08-12T00:47:43.700" LastActivityDate="2019-08-12T00:47:43.700" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20404" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20399" CreationDate="2019-08-13T05:44:06.837" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;we would never hear the end of it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тебе это не раз припомнят. Тебе это всю жизнь будут припоминать. Этому конца-края не будет.Да он тебе всю плешь проест.Тебе этого никогда не забудут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2019-08-13T05:51:01.030" LastActivityDate="2019-08-13T05:51:01.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20405" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20408" CreationDate="2019-08-13T07:38:13.413" Score="5" ViewCount="1213" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider these sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;это -- ошибка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;это является ошибкой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From what I can tell, these sentences both mean &quot;This is a mistake&quot;. Probably they can be paraphrased explicitly using есть and быть as well. But what exactly does &lt;em&gt;является&lt;/em&gt; bring to the table?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastActivityDate="2019-08-15T05:28:11.683" Title="How is являться different from есть and быть" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20405" CreationDate="2019-08-13T08:01:42.090" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;For &quot;это является ошибкой&quot;  literal translation is: &quot;This appears (to be) mistake&quot;. More exact translation is: &quot;This is a mistake for sure&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This word &quot;является&quot; brings some definition style to phrase. Speaker is shure that &quot;this is mistake&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While &quot;это ошибка&quot; is more general - it can be just opinion, or assumption or a complite certainty. You can't say without context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-08-13T08:01:42.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20405" CreationDate="2019-08-13T08:03:05.833" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verbs 'быть' and 'являться' are synonyms here. 'Есть' is just present tense of verb 'быть'. Like 'am', 'are', 'is' are the forms of the verb 'to be'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using 'есть' and 'является' in suchlike constructions is very limited in modern Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,  using 'есть' makes the phrase sound archaic and epic like &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я есть Альфа и Омега.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using 'является' makes the phrase sound awkward, and often shows that the phrase was translated from some other language. There is even a joke&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Являются только призраки и только плохим переводчикам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, usually it is better to omit the verbs and just say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это ошибка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12339" LastEditorUserId="12339" LastEditDate="2019-08-14T07:27:38.617" LastActivityDate="2019-08-14T07:27:38.617" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20405" CreationDate="2019-08-13T11:24:51.220" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Являться&lt;/em&gt; is used in formal texts, like laws or technical documentation, or scientific research. It is used for clearness, for every sentence and every clause to have at least one verb. In a similar way, the verb &lt;em&gt;иметь&lt;/em&gt; is used in formal contexts instead of the informal construction &lt;em&gt;у Х (Gen.) [есть] Y&lt;/em&gt;. In works of fiction, &lt;em&gt;являться&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;иметь&lt;/em&gt; are used rarely, mostly for creating a formal atmosphere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, in a pop song &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCksGqtUIuM&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Вселенная&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;Universe&amp;quot;) by the band &lt;em&gt;Иванушки Int.&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.gl5.ru/i/ivanushki-international/ivanushki-international-vselennaya.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;lyrics&lt;/a&gt;), they enumerate different things and after each of them they add &lt;em&gt;тоже &lt;strong&gt;является&lt;/strong&gt; частью Вселенной&lt;/em&gt;, &amp;quot;also &lt;strong&gt;constitutes&lt;/strong&gt; a part of the Universe&amp;quot;. Here, &lt;em&gt;является&lt;/em&gt; brings in a kind of scientific tone which contrasts with the simple things they mention, like &amp;quot;a barman, a girl, a taxi, etc. also &lt;strong&gt;constitute&lt;/strong&gt; a part of the Universe&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; Also, in the case of &lt;em&gt;X [есть/—] Y&lt;/em&gt; which means &amp;quot;X=Y&amp;quot;, both X and Y are in the Nominative case, and Russian has free word order, so sometimes it is hard to tell what in the sentence is X and what is Y, and it can be important, since in scientific discourse X=Y doesn't necessarily mean the same as Y=X, e.g. 'философы — лжецы' ≠ 'лжецы — философы'. In such cases, &lt;em&gt;являться&lt;/em&gt; helps to remove the ambiguity, since with it X is in the nominative and Y in the Instrumental case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Философы являются лжецами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лжецами являются философы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both sentences mean &amp;quot;Philosophers are liars&amp;quot;, and not &amp;quot;Liars are philosophers&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-08-14T10:01:21.290" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20405" CreationDate="2019-08-13T22:32:20.427" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The are 6 or more common ways to describe the thing in Russian(ordered by formality(descendingly)):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Являться(to appear)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Есть(to be)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Существует(to exist)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это(to be)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Быть(to be)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Представлять из себя(to define *self)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Изображать из себя(to pretend)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Этот субъект &lt;strong&gt;является&lt;/strong&gt; высшим существом.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Есть&lt;/strong&gt; высшее существо, и это данный субъект.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Этот субъект и &lt;strong&gt;есть&lt;/strong&gt; высшее существо.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Существует&lt;/strong&gt; субъект - высшее существо.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это высшее существо, субъект.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Быть&lt;/strong&gt; высшим существом - значит &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt; субъектом.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Этот субъект &lt;strong&gt;представляет из себя&lt;/strong&gt; высшее существо.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Этот субъект &lt;strong&gt;изображает из себя&lt;/strong&gt; высшее существо.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This subject &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; the supreme being.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;There is&lt;/strong&gt; the supreme being, and it is this subject(pointing to #1).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This subject, indeed, &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; the supreme being(proving or realizing).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;There is&lt;/strong&gt; the subject - supreme being(telling a fact #1).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This is the supreme being, the subject(pointing to #2).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Being&lt;/strong&gt; the supreme being means &lt;strong&gt;to be&lt;/strong&gt; a subject(telling a fact #2).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This subject &lt;strong&gt;defines itself&lt;/strong&gt; the supreme subject(in russian, this particular connection &quot;defines iteself&quot; is more like &quot;to be&quot;, so this could be closer to &lt;code&gt;point 1&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This subject &lt;strong&gt;pretends&lt;/strong&gt; to be like the supreme subject(first pretends to be the second(a fake one)).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6911" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-08-15T05:28:11.683" LastActivityDate="2019-08-15T05:28:11.683" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20411" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20290" CreationDate="2019-08-14T10:11:09.073" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Aside from the aforementioned &quot;Такой, как&quot; you can also use &quot;Вроде&quot;. This is a more informal form and is more commonly used in daily speech. Your second example &quot;I like movies such as&quot; is perfect for it: &quot;Мне нравятся фильмы вроде&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12411" LastActivityDate="2019-08-14T10:11:09.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20412" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-15T15:13:02.407" Score="2" ViewCount="249" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если человек, получив интересную информацию, не разволновался, а эмоционально вовлекся и заинтересовался, стал активно размышлять на эту тему - какими словами это лучше описать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Возбуждающая тема&quot;, &quot;разговор оказал возбуждающее действие&quot;, &quot;услышав идею, он пришел в сильное возбуждение / чрезвычайно возбудился&quot; - можно ли так сказать, не вызывая нежелательные в данном случае сексуальные коннотации, или есть более подходящие слова?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Совсем по-другому звучат в то же время сочетания с существительными: &quot;возбудить интерес, негодование&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-01T13:56:53.630" LastActivityDate="2019-09-01T13:56:53.630" Title="Контекст возбуждения - (не) только сексуальный?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20412" CreationDate="2019-08-15T15:19:19.780" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Волнующая тема. Разговор сильно взволновал его. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он воодушевился. - но это только позитивное переживание. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он разволновался. Он разнервничался. - но это только негативное переживание. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-08-15T15:19:19.780" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20412" CreationDate="2019-08-15T15:57:28.047" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Захватывающий&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Захватывающий и непредсказуемый сюжет фильма&#xA;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Заводной апельсин&lt;/em&gt;&quot; не даст расслабиться до самого конца.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;захватывающая идея. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Именно такая идея и захватила &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.yaklass.ru/materiali?mode=sochi&amp;amp;sochid=2089&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Раскольникова&lt;/a&gt;. Человек стал рабом своей теории.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12419" LastEditorUserId="12419" LastEditDate="2019-08-15T16:18:53.257" LastActivityDate="2019-08-15T16:18:53.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20415" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-15T17:36:02.560" Score="8" ViewCount="770" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read the following in a &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=4mhmAAAAcAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA17&amp;amp;dq=%22%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B8%22&amp;amp;hl=ja&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;poem&lt;/a&gt; published in 1769:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Два въ бабки мальчика играли:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;За бабки заорали:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Къ войнѣ за бабки собрались,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И подрались.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These lines initially made no sense to me, but then I learned that the word &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;бабки&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; whose primary meaning is &amp;quot;grannies,&amp;quot; is also a slang for money, so the poem started making sense to me: it became apparent to me that two boys were playing some game for money and ended up shouting and fighting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I got very much confused by the preposition choice in the first line: the preposition is &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;, not &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt;, so the line reads as &amp;quot;two boys were playing money,&amp;quot; as if money were the game name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being curious as to why Russians refer to money as &lt;strong&gt;бабки&lt;/strong&gt;, I did research, but found only rather folk etymology articles like &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian7.ru/post/babki-pochemu-v-rossii-tak-nazyvayut-de&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; one, in which three different hypotheses are put forward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly, the third hypothesis, which is called unpopular by the author, is related to the extinct game that was called &lt;strong&gt;бабки&lt;/strong&gt; and was played for money. The article says that in that game, hoof bones were used and called &lt;strong&gt;бабки&lt;/strong&gt;. I instantly saw possible relevance to the above poem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I am still very much confused about all this and overwhelmed by my chaotic thoughts. I am very unsure about the meaning of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;за бабки заорали&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;къ войнѣ за бабки собрались&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot; I want to know everything: meaning of the above poem excerpt, etymology of &lt;strong&gt;бабки&lt;/strong&gt; as money, etymology of &lt;strong&gt;бабки&lt;/strong&gt; as hoof bones, and, after all, what all this has to do with grannies. I humbly hope that Russians can explain me everything in a proper systematic way in which Russians like to explain things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I do not know how to formulate my question in a concise way, but let me try.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: From the etymological standpoint, why do Russians use the slang &amp;quot;бабки&amp;quot; (grannies) to refer to money and hoof bones, and what do &amp;quot;бабки&amp;quot; mean in the above poem excerpt?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am especially interested to see serious evidence rather than folk etymology arguments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-08-16T15:57:39.960" Title="Why do Russians refer to money as grannies (бабки)?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20412" CreationDate="2019-08-15T20:31:56.730" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы рекомендовал слово &quot;загореться&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;он загорелся этой идеей&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-08-15T20:31:56.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16760" CreationDate="2019-08-15T20:39:51.027" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would respectfully disagree with the provided answer, for it ignores the subtle difference between &quot;move to&quot; and &quot;move in to&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can translate &quot;move to&quot; as &quot;переехать&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Семья переехала в соседний микрорайон.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time, &quot;move in to&quot; should sooner be translated as &quot;вселяться&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мы давеча вселились в новый дом.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-08-15T20:39:51.027" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15456" CreationDate="2019-08-15T20:48:52.547" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would not recommend to employ the words &quot;дверь&quot; or &quot;двери&quot; in application to a beduin's tent. On this occasion, &quot;полог&quot; would be better. Then the verb describing the behaviour of this kind of cover is &quot;трепетать&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Полог его палатки трепетал на ветру&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say even stronger:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Полог его палатки рвался и трепетал на ветру, так что внутри палатки всё сотрясалось.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-08-15T20:48:52.547" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20415" CreationDate="2019-08-15T23:57:04.093" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;«&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Встречаются следующие варианты этимологии слова &quot;бабки&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это слово связано со старинной игрой в бабки, в которой одной костью выбивают из круга другие кости, расставленные определенным образом;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это слово пришло из французского языка, &quot;battre monnaie&quot; буквально &quot;чеканить монету&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это слово пришло из идиш, а в идиш слово &quot;бабки&quot; попало из польского. Польское слово &quot;bobki&quot; означает &quot;козье г...о&quot;. У польских и немецких евреев была поговорка – &quot;это не стоит козьего г…а (bobki)&quot;. Так они говорили про никудышных людишек. Так они говорили про некачественные вещи. Так они начали говорить про бумажные деньги, которые постоянно съедала инфляция. С течением времени из целой поговорки просто вычленилось одно слово и евреи просто начали называть бумажные деньги – &quot;бабками&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но мне больше нравится следующий вариант, что слово &quot;бабки&quot; связано с изображением женщин на старых царских бумажных деньгах Российской империи, в частности - 5, 10 и 25 рублях 1895 года выпуска. На них, в центре основное изображение: женская фигура, символизирующая&#xA;Россию, в богатой княжеской одежде и шапке Мономаха. Вот из-за этого и назвали бумажные деньги &quot;бабками&quot;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://dnevniki.ykt.ru/Nik17/716768&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://dnevniki.ykt.ru/Nik17/716768&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7448" LastActivityDate="2019-08-15T23:57:04.093" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20399" CreationDate="2019-08-16T01:59:58.327" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, the most adequate translation is this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ну, теперь это будет вечная тема.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if you need to interrupt such a speaker here and now, you can say sarcastically:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ну давай, по десятому разу!&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-08-16T01:59:58.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20415" CreationDate="2019-08-16T08:49:11.603" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://histrf.ru/biblioteka/b/pochiemu-dienghi-stali-nazyvat-babkami&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://histrf.ru/biblioteka/b/pochiemu-dienghi-stali-nazyvat-babkami&lt;/a&gt; - claiming it comes from an informal name for the first 100-rouble banknote picturing &lt;em&gt;Catherine the Great&lt;/em&gt; who was the &lt;strong&gt;grandmother&lt;/strong&gt; of two Russian tsars (Alexander I and Nicholas I). That banknote was informally called (along with earlier given names like &lt;em&gt;Катенька&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Катеринка&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;strong&gt;царская бабка&lt;/strong&gt; (tsarist granny), later simplified to &lt;strong&gt;бабка&lt;/strong&gt; (old lady) considering the age of the pictured Catherine. Later on that name started being used for any &lt;em&gt;banknote&lt;/em&gt; and then for any &lt;em&gt;money&lt;/em&gt; which is plural in Russian (&lt;strong&gt;бабки&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-08-16T08:49:11.603" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20415" CreationDate="2019-08-16T13:08:00.540" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There two words &quot;баба&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Оne - with stress on first syllable, russian one . Ment totem for ansestors, then bacame designation of oldest woman in family, then just low-classed married woman, than all the female-realted meanings it has now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Other -  with stress on second syllable, imported form east, meant &quot;father&quot;, head, large stone totem (it means that this is just different way of development of same word). Exactly this meaning is used in &quot;ромовая баба&quot; (has nothing to do with women or alcohole, means smth. like &quot;sweetened head&quot;), for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By time second word in Russian totaly merged with fist one. Especialy in diminutive (&quot;бабка&quot;) форм. It means &quot;бабки&quot; can mean both - old women and (totaly unreleted to women ) some small head-alike (or scull alike) things. Exactly last meaning is used in name of game (&quot;играть в бабки&quot;) in this poem: bone chips were resambling sculls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for connection with money - it is a hard question, since this world came from very closed (almoust cultlike) society &quot;thives&quot; of XIX century. This society used a lot of words in noncommon sence for conspiracy. May be ot had somthing with heads, printed on coins, may be it has something to do with Catherine the Great, may be both. It is hard to tell.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-08-16T13:08:00.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20424" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20446" CreationDate="2019-08-16T18:29:08.537" Score="1" ViewCount="325" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the logic behind referring to &quot;three kids&quot; as either&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;три ребенка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or, alternatively,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;трое детей?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do you use different words for &quot;three&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Since this seems to be the &quot;human animate plural&quot;, let me alter the question to: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does &quot;детей&quot; qualify for this plural, while &quot;ребенка&quot; does not?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12421" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2019-08-18T19:47:06.757" LastActivityDate="2019-08-20T09:51:51.220" Title="три versus трое" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20425" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-16T18:34:05.280" Score="2" ViewCount="341" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversation, one of my colleagues said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He's thinking of making advances to the hospital director's daughter. If you ask me, he'&lt;strong&gt;s got ideas above his station&lt;/strong&gt;. He's not set up for life or anything!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was wondering how I'd express the same idea in Russian. This expression means something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;He's hoping for (/ He thinks he is qualified for) something unsuitable for someone of his social position&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess this is one of those expressions that do not translate easily into other languages. How is this idea commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastActivityDate="2019-09-15T16:34:36.817" Title="Russian equivalents of &quot;have ideas above his station&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20427" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20425" CreationDate="2019-08-16T19:18:53.590" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If you ask me, he's got ideas above his station.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По-моему, он чересчур много о себе возомнил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Something like that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In colloquial language you might hear phrases like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;берега потерял&quot;, &quot;рамсы попутал&quot;(not recommended).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related proverbs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Всяк сверчок - знай свой шесток.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;По одежке протягивай ножки.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-08-27T06:41:21.210" LastActivityDate="2019-08-27T06:41:21.210" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20425" CreationDate="2019-08-16T20:07:39.527" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Слишком высоко замахнулся&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;slang - &lt;strong&gt;слишком губу раскатал&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastActivityDate="2019-08-16T20:07:39.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20429" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20425" CreationDate="2019-08-17T10:49:53.807" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I like more &quot;&lt;em&gt;Не по Сеньке шапка&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (i.e. &quot;Not a cap for Simon boy&quot;; until 18th century Russian nobles wore a high cap).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there are some more: &lt;em&gt;со свиным рылом в калашный ряд&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;не по себе сук рубит&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2019-08-17T11:08:13.680" LastActivityDate="2019-08-17T11:08:13.680" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20430" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20432" CreationDate="2019-08-17T19:27:58.147" Score="2" ViewCount="173" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was given this sentence &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сегодня мы с Джулией собираемся в поездку в Россию по программе обмена студентами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;по программе — dative, обмена — genitive, студентами — instrumental&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;why are these all in different cases? i understand that after it is required to be in the dative case but i dont know why exchange changed to genitive and students changed to instrumental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the way i thought it worked was that everything referring to the initial thing you are talking about will be changed in the same case, so program is in dative , so i thought everything would be dative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a general rule i can follow to understand when to change a word into a specific case? i am really confused on how that works, especially in this sentence&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i would love as much information and as many tips as you can offer to help me with this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;thank you in advance&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastActivityDate="2019-08-18T07:11:22.237" Title="When do you change a word into a different case?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20430" CreationDate="2019-08-17T20:27:13.640" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;С Джулией - instrumental. В Россию, в поездку - accusative. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The words you mentioned are not homogeneous members of the sentence. Try to say it in English and you will see how differently the relations between the words will be expressed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you need a table of the cases usage in Russian, you are welcome. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://expressrussian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/1-russian-cases.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://expressrussian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/1-russian-cases.png&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it is not how you can learn doing it correctly. The cases are studied one by one, very gradually, for different types of declension, for different cases of usage. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-08-17T22:33:24.427" LastActivityDate="2019-08-17T22:33:24.427" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20432" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20430" CreationDate="2019-08-17T20:35:42.150" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's because every next word is governed by its predecessor&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The preposition &lt;strong&gt;по&lt;/strong&gt; in this sentence governs Dative, that's why &lt;strong&gt;программа&lt;/strong&gt; is in Dative&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Обмен&lt;/strong&gt; is in Genitive because it answers the question &lt;strong&gt;программа&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;чего?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; that is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;of what?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;of exchange&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Студенты&lt;/strong&gt; is in Instrumental because the verb &lt;strong&gt;обмениваться&lt;/strong&gt;, of which &lt;strong&gt;обмен&lt;/strong&gt; is a gerund, governs Instrumental case - &lt;strong&gt;обмениваться&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;кем/чем?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and by extension &lt;strong&gt;обмен&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;кем/чем?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Putting &lt;strong&gt;студенты&lt;/strong&gt; in Genitive would misrepresent the intended meaning of the phrase because &lt;strong&gt;обмен студентов&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian may mean either &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;exchange done by students&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and NOT &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;exchange with students&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or  exchange of students for someone/something else, other than their peers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Genitive of the following noun doesn't convey the meaning of reciprocal exchange of students because it makes the noun &lt;strong&gt;обмен&lt;/strong&gt; a gerund of the verb &lt;strong&gt;обменивать&lt;/strong&gt; rather than &lt;strong&gt;обмениваться&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Обменивать&lt;/strong&gt; in its turn doesn't govern Instrumental case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So basically there're &lt;strong&gt;обмен&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;кем/чем?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;обмен&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;кого/чего?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and they mean  different things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only rule is to follow cases that convey the meaning relevant to a phrase or a sentence, which of course needs to be studied, learned and memorized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-08-18T07:11:22.237" LastActivityDate="2019-08-18T07:11:22.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20425" CreationDate="2019-08-17T20:40:17.400" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pertinent is this juicy saying:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;широко шагаешь -- штаны порвёшь&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means: excessive are your ambitions, and this may not end well&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-08-17T20:40:17.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20434" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20439" CreationDate="2019-08-17T22:21:38.517" Score="7" ViewCount="388" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6gJLX.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/6gJLX.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Показание положения радиотелескопа на блоке электропривода азимутального и угломестного вращения&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could only find an explanation of the root word &lt;strong&gt;штырить&lt;/strong&gt;, which according to this reference &lt;a href=&quot;https://otvet.mail.ru/question/91415603&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://otvet.mail.ru/question/91415603&lt;/a&gt;, means &quot;to be inspired/energized by something&quot;. So perhaps &lt;strong&gt;заштырить&lt;/strong&gt; means to &quot;turn off power and &lt;strong&gt;отштырить&lt;/strong&gt; means to &quot;turn on power&quot; to the radio telescope. However, there is a switch next to these buttons which indicates &quot;turn on&quot; and &quot;turn off&quot;. And there's also the red &quot;stop&quot; button. The only other references to these two words that I could find had something to do with electrical power systems. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6722" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-08-19T08:14:33.527" LastActivityDate="2019-08-19T08:14:33.527" Title="Meaning of words &quot;заштырить&quot; and &quot;отштырить&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20434" CreationDate="2019-08-17T22:27:18.000" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe it relates to the word &lt;code&gt;штырь&lt;/code&gt; (a pin).&lt;br&gt;&#xA;So &lt;code&gt;заштырить&lt;/code&gt; means to apply the 'штырь' and &lt;code&gt;отштырить&lt;/code&gt; means to release the 'штырь'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2019-08-17T22:27:18.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20436" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20434" CreationDate="2019-08-18T00:56:41.483" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dmitry's answer should be expanded a bit :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both of the words are slang, and in most use cases, it is implied that the &amp;quot;pin&amp;quot; is male genitalia, as in - penis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Заштырить&lt;/code&gt; would mean to complete action of inserting a male's reproductive organ (into somewhere or someone).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Отштырить&lt;/code&gt; would mean to take a full round of sexual acts against someone, in a brutal manner. Mush similar to synonyms (also slang), &lt;code&gt;отодрать&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;отъебать&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;отыметь&lt;/code&gt; where prefix &lt;code&gt;от&lt;/code&gt; is used to verbally increase the brutality of described/past/promised sex interaction as well as its completeness to the maximum possible extent: the number of ejculations and acts' continuation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я хочу тебе вштырить&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;I would like to insert inside you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я хочу тебя отштырить&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;I would like to have hardcore sex with you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12424" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-08-18T01:02:34.813" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20437" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20440" CreationDate="2019-08-18T01:55:31.767" Score="1" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;мне/тебе/ему etc. [x]&quot; constructions tend to use было in the past tense regardless of whether or not there is an agent of the verb&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;someone told me this and i still quite understand it&#xA;i was given this as an example sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;а в Англию приехала учиться в институте, когда ей было 22 года.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i don't quite get why it is было and when to know there is an exception like this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i have been having a hard time with these exceptions and was just looking for some advice on this stuff aswell. Should i just memorize these as they are well these types of irregularities pop up?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-08-18T09:30:57.453" LastActivityDate="2019-08-18T12:07:37.047" Title="Does genitive plural take neuter verbs with years?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;impersonal&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20434" CreationDate="2019-08-18T08:30:54.957" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The photo presents &lt;em&gt;&quot;Пульт управления заштыривающим устройством для фиксации поворотной части радиотелескопа.&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;So, there is indeed a &quot;штырь&quot; (pin, rod) that serves as some sort of a &quot;handbrake&quot; for the antenna and the two buttons are used to apply and release it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The СТОП button is presumably used to stop the rotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also: &lt;a href=&quot;https://spbvedomosti.ru/news/country_and_world/krasavchik_ves_v_belom/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://spbvedomosti.ru/news/country_and_world/krasavchik_ves_v_belom/&lt;/a&gt;, search for &quot;заштырено&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://masterok.livejournal.com/2490572.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://masterok.livejournal.com/2490572.html&lt;/a&gt;, search for &quot;заштырены&quot; in comments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ПИУИ - Блок преобразователей интерфейса и индикации угловых координат.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;БУК-М has nothing to do with the military anti-aircraft complex of the same name:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Структура системы управления электроприводом а.с. представлена на рис.&#xA;  2. Управление электроприводом радиотелескопа происходит в следующем порядке. Команды от центрального компьютера радиотелескопа [11—13]&#xA;  передаются на рабочую станцию контроля и управления (РСКУ), далее на&#xA;  аппаратуру автоматики системы наведения, которая обеспечивает&#xA;  управление силовыми устройствами электропривода. В состав аппаратуры&#xA;  автоматики системы наведения входят блоки коммутации сигналов&#xA;  управления, блоки возбуждения двигателей (БВД) и тиристорные&#xA;  преобразователи (ТП) для питания якорных цепей двигателей&#xA;  электропривода а.с. радиотелескопа. Коммутирующие устройства&#xA;  автоматики системы наведения сосредоточены в соответствующих &lt;strong&gt;блоках&#xA;  управления и коммутации БУК-М&lt;/strong&gt; электропривода главного зеркала, БУК-КР&#xA;  для контррефлектора радиотелескопа.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Источник: &lt;a href=&quot;http://naukarus.com/sistema-navedeniya-radioteleskopa-rt-32&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://naukarus.com/sistema-navedeniya-radioteleskopa-rt-32&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, here is what appears to be the upper part of the OP's image:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YYUSn.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/YYUSn.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Устройство заштыривания&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-08-19T07:58:48.873" LastActivityDate="2019-08-19T07:58:48.873" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20437" CreationDate="2019-08-18T09:28:49.480" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You need to research the topic of &lt;strong&gt;impersonal sentences&lt;/strong&gt;, in which the verb (and sometimes an adjective) (predicate) is always in neuter gender.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;когда ей было 22 года&lt;/strong&gt; is a subordinate clause and so essentially a sentence in its own right and it lacks an agent (subject) being impersonal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Было&lt;/strong&gt; is a predicate in this impersonal sentence and thus is neuter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда я проснулся, &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;за окном&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;было&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;ещё темно&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; - When i woke up &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;it was&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;still dark outside&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Expressions indicating age always lack subject and put an object in Dative (ей). In the present tense they always lack verb - &lt;strong&gt;мне 25 лет, моему ребёнку 2 года&lt;/strong&gt; but in past/future tense  - &lt;strong&gt;мне было/будет 25 лет, моему ребёнку было/будет 2 года&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However when the age is counted in months and days and its number ends with 1 &lt;em&gt;(bar 11 including hundreds and thousands 111 etc, 1,011 etc, 111,000 etc)&lt;/em&gt; in the past tense the verb conjugates in masculine  - &lt;strong&gt;был 1 месяц/день, был 21 месяц/день&lt;/strong&gt; and so forth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-08-18T12:07:37.047" LastActivityDate="2019-08-18T12:07:37.047" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20434" CreationDate="2019-08-19T05:17:48.040" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;These two words &lt;code&gt;заштырить&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;отштырить&lt;/code&gt; have the same root as you correctly noticed. This root is &lt;code&gt;штырь&lt;/code&gt; what means &lt;code&gt;rod&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prefix &lt;code&gt;за&lt;/code&gt; in this case means action to put something into, like in &lt;code&gt;забить&lt;/code&gt; (hammer in), &lt;code&gt;задвинуть&lt;/code&gt; (push) or &lt;code&gt;закрыть&lt;/code&gt; (shut).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prefix &lt;code&gt;от&lt;/code&gt; in this case means action to draw something out, like in &lt;code&gt;отодвинуть&lt;/code&gt; (move back) or &lt;code&gt;открыть&lt;/code&gt; (open).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1167" LastActivityDate="2019-08-19T05:17:48.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20442" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-19T08:57:29.753" Score="1" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe in Russia, a cloakroom is known as Garderobe or раздевалка. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if I were to used it in a gallery - what should it be called? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or what should I call a room where they come and pick up their stuff?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you so much for your time..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12388" LastActivityDate="2019-08-19T09:30:48.220" Title="Struggling to find equivalent of &quot;Cloakroom&quot; in russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20444" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20442" CreationDate="2019-08-19T09:30:48.220" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Гардероб is the correct term. Раздевалка is a changing room, like at a swimming pool.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2019-08-19T09:30:48.220" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20424" CreationDate="2019-08-20T09:51:51.220" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Собирательные числительные (двое, трое и т. д.) могут использоваться только с существительными мужского рода, существительными, обозначающими детёнышей животных или имеющими только форму множественного числа:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;двое мужчин, двое парней, двое котят, двое ножниц.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not &quot;human animate plural&quot; it &quot;collective plural&quot; ( means smth like &quot;all together&quot;). It can be used only with male gender, nouns for animal younglings or nouns wich has only plural form. &quot;Дети&quot; is exactly last one. It has single form &quot;дитя&quot;, but it is cosidered somewhat obsolete and is not used much (only in some special cases, like &quot;посмотри - &lt;em&gt;он такое ещё дитя!&lt;/em&gt;&quot; or (about wildman) &quot;дитя природы&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-08-20T09:51:51.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20447" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20448" CreationDate="2019-08-21T10:10:30.597" Score="23" ViewCount="1617" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a recent test I had to translate the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Отнеси кота на веранду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Да уж лежит там.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My translation was:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Bring the cat to the verandah.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;It is already lying there.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My translation was marked as failed, and I got zero points for that part, but no explanatory comments were provided.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For some reasons that are too long to explain, I find it impractical to approach that particular teacher and ask him about the matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did my best to sort out the issue on my own, but failed. The literal meaning seems to be exactly the one I provided, and Google Translator offers essentially the same translation. There is no context at all, as the above excerpt of two sentences was given per se as a separate translation task in the test. I thought it could be some Russian idiom, but could not find any.&#xA;My original translation seems to make perfect sense, and I do not see even a slightest inconsistency or anything indicating that my translation could be wrong. The task seems to be very easy and straightforward, and I am at a total loss as to what I did wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope that you as native speakers can kindly help a humble confused student. What did I do wrong?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T08:03:17.240" Title="What is the meaning of: &quot;- Отнеси кота на веранду. - Да уж лежит там.&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20447" CreationDate="2019-08-21T10:25:16.577" Score="27" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, you translation is correct and I would not fail you for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, &lt;em&gt;да уж лежит там&lt;/em&gt; is a peculiar, if grammatically correct, to put &amp;quot;it's already lying there&amp;quot; in Russian. Russian does not omit pronouns as easily as, say, Romance languages do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a chance that this was a trick question, and &lt;em&gt;уж&lt;/em&gt; in this context meant &amp;quot;grass snake&amp;quot;. In this case the &amp;quot;correct&amp;quot; translation would have been &amp;quot;but the snake is lying there&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, Russian does not usually word this idea this way either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, I don't know why exactly your professor failed you. Your translation, given no other context, is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="14712" LastEditDate="2020-06-27T00:45:50.013" LastActivityDate="2020-06-27T00:45:50.013" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20449" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20447" CreationDate="2019-08-21T13:27:08.450" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quassnoi suggested in his answer that the key might be the homonym &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;уж&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;, which can mean &amp;quot;already&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;grass snake,&amp;quot; and this possibility made me so pissed off that I got brave enough to sent an email to the teacher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He was quick to reply and elected to respond in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Во-первых, Вы не учли разницу между &amp;quot;отнеси&amp;quot; и &amp;quot;принеси&amp;quot;. Приставки используются в русском языке не просто так.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается второго предложения, то переводчик должен видеть все возможные значения. Вы обязаны были указать, что второе предложение может быть понято двояко. Может, отвечающий хочет сказать, что кот уже лежит на веранде. А может, отвечающий хочет сказать, что на веранде лежит змея, и намекает на то, что это проблема. Ни один из этих вариантов нельзя исключить, и потому Вы обязаны были привести оба, с чем Вы не справились.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наконец, Вы проигнорировали &amp;quot;да&amp;quot; во втором предложении.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В целом хочу еще раз подчеркнуть, что переводчик должен с огромным уважением относиться к оригиналу и передавать мысли автора как можно точнее, стараясь не терять ни капли смысла. Вы же подошли к переводу данного отрывка крайне небрежно и непрофессионально. Как можно с подобным подходом переводить труды русских классиков, стенограммы важных переговоров, контракты?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надеюсь, Вы воспримете это без обид. Лучше получить снижение оценки в малозначащем тесте, чем провалить серьезное задание после окончания учебы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С искренними пожеланиями успехов в учебе и профессиональной деятельности&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as far I as I understand, my translation should have been like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Carry the cat &lt;strong&gt;out&lt;/strong&gt; to the verandah.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;But&lt;/strong&gt; it is already lying there.&amp;quot; &lt;strong&gt;(The translator's note: There is an alternative interpretation, &amp;quot;But a grass snake lies there.&amp;quot;)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-08-21T13:27:08.450" CommentCount="21" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20450" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-22T05:19:00.503" Score="2" ViewCount="413" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Wiktionary entry says it means &quot;even&quot;, but the English word &quot;even&quot; has many different definitions. I presume the Wiktionary translation is saying that it has the adverb-emphasizer meaning, as in &quot;He hadn't even started to run.&quot; or &quot;Do you even understand?&quot;. Is this correct? Are there other meanings/translations of даже?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11238" LastActivityDate="2019-08-27T06:38:52.687" Title="What does &quot;даже&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20450" CreationDate="2019-08-22T06:38:01.423" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is actually not that easy to discuss such things as &lt;code&gt;meanings/translations/definitions&lt;/code&gt; because 1) these three terms mean very different things; 2) people tend to confuse them in all possible sorts of ways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the respected &lt;a href=&quot;http://ozhegov.info/slovar/?ex=Y&amp;amp;q=%D0%94%D0%90%D0%96%D0%95&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian vocabularies&lt;/a&gt; gives the following definitions to &lt;em&gt;ДАЖЕ&lt;/em&gt; (but this is all in Russian, of course):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;ДАЖЕ&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1. частица. Употр. при сообщении о том, что противоречит ожидаемому, осуществляется вопреки ему.  Шум не смолкает д. ночью. Все притихли,&#xA;  д. дети. Очаровательна д. без всяких украшений. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;частица. Употр. при сообщении о том, что осуждается как противоречащее узусу.  Д. матери грубит. Обидит д. ребенка. Не подаст&#xA;  д. куска хлеба. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;частица. Употр. для выделения той части сообщения, к-рая его подтверждает,  приводя дополнительные аргументы или еще более вескую&#xA;  информацию.  Умен, д. талантлив. Холодно, д., кажется, снег идет.&#xA;  Мила, д. красива. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;частица. Употр. для выражения неожиданности и интенсивности того действия, о к-ром сообщается.  Д. заплакал ото радости. Обиделась, д.&#xA;  слушать не хочет. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;союз. Присоединяет предложение или член предложения со знач. уточнения, добавления.  Ветер сильный, д. провода гудят.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A simplified explanation that covers most typical patterns of usage (&lt;code&gt;meanings&lt;/code&gt;) may look something along these lines (&lt;a href=&quot;https://dictionary.reverso.net/russian-english/%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;так испугался, даже вскрикнул    &lt;em&gt;I was so frightened, I even screamed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;даже я согласился                &lt;em&gt;even I agreed&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Translations&lt;/code&gt;, though, is a completely different beast. And is just too large a topic, so I simply won't go into this as this would require a hell of a lot of time. Suffice to say, as an example, that your &quot;He hadn't even started to run.&quot; would be translated with the use of &lt;code&gt;даже&lt;/code&gt;, while the &quot;Do you even understand?&quot; will be &lt;code&gt;Ты хотя бы понимаешь?&lt;/code&gt;/ &lt;code&gt;Да ты хоть понимаешь?&lt;/code&gt; (or similar, depends on the context).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="2162" LastEditDate="2019-08-27T06:38:52.687" LastActivityDate="2019-08-27T06:38:52.687" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20450" CreationDate="2019-08-22T09:02:47.267" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &amp;quot;даже&amp;quot; means that an unexpected, controversial event has occured.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;John hates popular music, but &lt;strong&gt;even&lt;/strong&gt; he liked the latest Rihanna's&#xA;single&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Джон ненавидит поп-музыку, но &lt;strong&gt;даже&lt;/strong&gt; ему понравился последний сингл&#xA;Рианны&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;There was a military parade in the downtown. The orchestra played so&#xA;loud, I could hear the music &lt;strong&gt;even&lt;/strong&gt; outside of the city&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;В центре прошёл военный парад. Оркестр играл так громко, что я слышал&#xA;музыку &lt;strong&gt;даже&lt;/strong&gt; за пределами города&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the word &amp;quot;даже&amp;quot; is similar only to this meaning of 'even&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12444" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-08-22T09:02:47.267" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6826" CreationDate="2019-08-24T01:07:56.983" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;More often than not, &quot;eбало&quot; means &quot;mouth&quot;. An eloquent example of this usage is the wording &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;завали ебало&quot;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is the most rude and aggressive Russian equivalent to &quot;shut the fuck up&quot;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(and which version I would recommend you never to use, except to provoke a fight).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This wording bears an allusion to filling up a hole in the ground (on this occasion, a metaphor for one's mouth).   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On rare occasions, however, &quot;ебало&quot; can denote the face as a whole. Here is an excerpt from Igor Rasteryaev's song about provincial girls:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тупое ебало, хуйню несу я.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Мой козырь единстванный --  жопа моя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastEditorUserId="11511" LastEditDate="2019-08-29T16:13:32.447" LastActivityDate="2019-08-29T16:13:32.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20455" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20456" CreationDate="2019-08-24T15:35:02.123" Score="4" ViewCount="661" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let us compare the meanings of some phonetically same Russian and Polish obscenities:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Заебать (Russian): to get to, to pester. Zajebać (Polish): to beat someone up, to steal something, to brutally kill.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Подъебать (Russian): to mock. Podjebać (Polish): to steal something silently or with stealth, to betray someone by selling him or her out.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Съебать (Russian): to flee. Zjebać (Polish): to fail, to rebuke.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Съебаться (Russian): to flee. Zjebać się (Polish): to fart, to get worse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Наебать (Russian): to trick. Najebać (Polish): to beat someone up hard.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Наебаться (Russian): to get exhausted by work or by trying to resolve something. Najebać się (Polish): to get very drunk.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am very much confused by this. The same verb &quot;ебать/jebać,&quot; whose meaning in both languages is &quot;to f*ck,&quot; and same prefixes, whose meanings are the same in both languages, result in words whose meanings in these two languages are very different. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What makes the meanings different? I am especially interested to hear an explanation from the etymological standpoint. In particular, one of the aspects that makes me curious is whether the above Russian and Polish obscenities originated independently from their respective counterparts in the other language or, on the contrary, originally were common Slavic words with the same meanings, which later started to diverge in the course of evolution of the languages. I am curious as to why and how the two languages ended up having structurally and phonetically same obscenities whose meanings are very different. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I humbly hope that native Russian and possibly Polish speakers could kindly explain this Slavic phenomenon to a confused Orient student.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-08-24T16:53:10.150" LastActivityDate="2020-02-05T17:21:00.573" Title="Why do phonetically same Russian and Polish obscenities mean very different things?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="17" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20455" CreationDate="2019-08-24T17:31:28.487" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;For &lt;strong&gt;to get drunk&lt;/strong&gt; Russian too does have a verb based on this stem only modified - &lt;strong&gt;наебЕНИться&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;наебАШИться&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;наебаться (наебнуться)&lt;/strong&gt;  in its turn has additional meaning  of &lt;strong&gt;to fall over, to hit oneself&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know Polish but i believe in both languages the profane version predominantly follows the morphology of its non-profane counterpart(s), as synonyms are supposed to do, at least this seems to be so in Russian, e.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;за&lt;/code&gt;ебать(ся) - &lt;code&gt;за&lt;/code&gt;мучать(ся)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;под&lt;/code&gt;ъебать - &lt;code&gt;под&lt;/code&gt;шутить, &lt;code&gt;под&lt;/code&gt;кузьмить, &lt;code&gt;под&lt;/code&gt;колоть&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;под&lt;/code&gt;ъёбывать - &lt;code&gt;под&lt;/code&gt;трунивать, &lt;code&gt;под&lt;/code&gt;шучивать, &lt;code&gt;под&lt;/code&gt;калывать&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;с&lt;/code&gt;ъебать - &lt;code&gt;с&lt;/code&gt;бежать&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;у&lt;/code&gt;ебать - &lt;code&gt;у&lt;/code&gt;бежать, &lt;code&gt;у&lt;/code&gt;йти, &lt;code&gt;у&lt;/code&gt;браться; &lt;code&gt;у&lt;/code&gt;дарить&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;об&lt;/code&gt;ъебать - &lt;code&gt;об&lt;/code&gt;мануть, &lt;code&gt;об&lt;/code&gt;хитрить, &lt;code&gt;об&lt;/code&gt;лапошить, &lt;code&gt;об&lt;/code&gt;дурить, &lt;code&gt;об&lt;/code&gt;вести вокруг пальца&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;ебать - &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;дурить, &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;колоть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;ебаться&lt;/strong&gt; (in the meaning cited by yourself) &lt;strong&gt;- &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;работаться, &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;мучаться&lt;br&gt;&#xA;наебашиться - &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;работаться&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;ебениться, &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;ебашиться - &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt;питься&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;от&lt;/code&gt;ъебаться - &lt;code&gt;от&lt;/code&gt;стать&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;(without reflexive &lt;strong&gt;-ся&lt;/strong&gt; which the profane version has probably to avoid confusion with отъебать)&lt;/em&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now the non-profane verbs in both languages may be collated to see if they too derive from common stems. If they do, one may hypothesize that the identical prefixes in both languages don't in fact have identical or completely identical semantics. Or alternatively the native speakers see corresponding acts as requiring certain prefix due to their (native speakers) general linguistic and conceptual conditioning, intuitively following conventions developed within and ingrained in their specific language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example Russian &lt;strong&gt;У-бить&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;strong&gt;ZA-bić&lt;/strong&gt; in Polish.&#xA;But Russian too has a slang synonym to &lt;strong&gt;убить&lt;/strong&gt; with prefix &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;за-&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;  - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;за&lt;/code&gt;валить&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dissercat.com/content/semanticheskie-kharakteristiki-glagolnykh-prefiksov-v-sinkhronii-i-diakhronii&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;doctor thesis&lt;/a&gt; on peculiarities in semantics of prefixes in Don's Сossacks parlance (&lt;a href=&quot;http://dspace.kpfu.ru/xmlui/bitstream/handle/net/112117/0-784456.pdf?sequence=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;excerpts&lt;/a&gt;). So if within Russian itself prefixes may change, lose or accrue meanings, be supplanted, so much so in other Slavic languages. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2020-02-05T17:21:00.573" LastActivityDate="2020-02-05T17:21:00.573" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14187" CreationDate="2019-08-25T22:48:54.177" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;(I came across this recently when trying to find my own solution to this problem. It took me a while, but I found a simple set-up - hope this helps someone in the future)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a &lt;strong&gt;one-keystroke solution&lt;/strong&gt; that works on Windows 7 and up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary&lt;/strong&gt;: create a custom keyboard and set the &amp;quot;\&amp;quot; (right side, under &amp;quot;backspace&amp;quot;) key to the acute accent (U+0301). To type an acute accent, type the vowel and then the &amp;quot;\&amp;quot; key.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It works in OpenOffice, Anki, Mnemosyne, Notepad and Google Docs. It works in Notepad++ if you type the accent first and the character second. I can't test MS Word, unfortunately, though I think it should work. It won't work in LaTeX.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Steps&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Download and run the Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator (this does work on new Windows 7, 8, and 10, even though they are not listed): &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=22339&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=22339&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Go to File &amp;gt; Load Existing Keyboard... and select Russian.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Click on the &amp;quot;\&amp;quot; key and then click &amp;quot;All...&amp;quot; to see the default mappings.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Set the  value to &amp;quot;U+0301&amp;quot; (no quotes). I left the slash (U+002f) at the shift state and moved the backslash (U+005c) to the ctrl+alt state. You can arrange the order however it is most convenient for you.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vnsMQ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/vnsMQ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Test your mapping by going to Project &amp;gt; Test Keyboard Layout... and typing a character followed by the modified key.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Go to Project &amp;gt; Build DLL and Setup Package. This will ask you to set the layout properties (name and description). You will likely get a warning about compatibility issues in non-Unicode applications.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Navigate to the directory where the package was set up and run the setup.exe to install your new layout.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Add your layout by going to your computer settings &amp;gt; Time and Language &amp;gt; Language. If Russian is not added, click Add a language, select Russian, and select your new keyboard layout. If Russian is already added, click Options, Add a keyboard, and select your new layout (you can remove the existing one).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Restart your computer. Your new layout should be an option on your language bar (if you don't have the language bar on your taskbar, go to Settings &amp;gt; Personalization &amp;gt; Taskbar &amp;gt; Turn system icons on or off and set Input indicator to On).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12452" LastEditorUserId="12452" LastEditDate="2021-05-28T14:19:37.350" LastActivityDate="2021-05-28T14:19:37.350" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-04-10T22:12:26.040" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20455" CreationDate="2019-08-26T07:16:11.530" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you deal with languages that split quite recently, about 1000 years ago or even later as it was for the Slavic languages, you will definitely encounter the &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_friend&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;false friends&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, a phenomenon every translator has got to be highly aware of. I live in Ukraine and six highly similar languages surround me, Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, Belarusian, Slovak, and Czech. Besides, every day I kind of a dozen of times switch between Ukrainian and Russian. The six languages are overflooded with &lt;em&gt;false friends&lt;/em&gt; which is the source for numerous jokes, and for us Slavs other Slavic languages sound very funny, mostly because of those &lt;em&gt;false friends&lt;/em&gt;. I will not discuss the obscene vocabulary here, I will just cite several famous unusual meanings of seemingly same-root words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the Soviet times the Polish fashion magazine &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://urodapolska.eu/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Uroda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;Beauty&quot;, Ukrainian &lt;em&gt;врода&lt;/em&gt; [ˈwrɔda]) was famous for its paradoxical name, since in Russian &lt;em&gt;урод&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;freak, disfigured&quot;. By the way, the English &lt;em&gt;magazine&lt;/em&gt; (printed matter) is a false friend of the Russian &lt;em&gt;магазин&lt;/em&gt; (store, shop).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;родина&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;motherland&quot; in Russian, and in Ukrainian it is &quot;family&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Чёрствый хлеб&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;stale, dried up, hard bread&quot; in Russian, while in Czech the phrase &lt;em&gt;čerstvý chléb&lt;/em&gt; which sounds practically the same as the Russian one, means &quot;fresh bread&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Languages live their own lives, they don't owe us anything. A really big mistake for a translator is to interpret one language using the data taken from another one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-08-26T07:16:11.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20459" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20455" CreationDate="2019-08-26T10:12:12.820" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just as my 2 cents, not trying to be exhaustive and not pretend to be competent enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some sense examples you mention, they are not that much different, they are definitely not the same, but they have some similarities and intersection and may differ in strength implied in them(as strength of that negative situation)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;maybe it harder to illustrate on first 3 examples, may require more flexibility of mind gymnastics, but as an example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Наебать (Russian): to trick. Najebać (Polish): to beat someone up hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian meaning, it not necessarily just to trick, I'm not sure exact weight of that &quot;to trick&quot; in English, but it looks like too harmless of a description of &quot;Наебать&quot;, which sure on its own represents the range potential situations starting from a lie which not necessarily has significant consequences ending to significant financial losses or assets.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is some sort of beating, just not necessarily physical. So as the average weight of the amount of loss is significant enough.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So they not necessarily match with specific flavor what - what kind of specific actions are taken to lead to the situation, and expecting that would be surprising as poles and russians do not have that much crosssection, cultural exchange in recent(like a century) time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So they aren't the same, but on the other hand, I may see(as Russian speaker) some sense in it being used that way, and for me then it about filling/correcting specifics of meaning, and not like - can't wrap the head around. &quot;Наебать&quot; - does not specify the exact way how it was done, but more like ill intent, or a success of that intent conducted against others. And if pole meaning prefers/weights more some specific way of doing that - why not, in some sense legit. So as I expect there is also a variety of senses on their side too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as maybe from linguistic pov polish is enough closely related to Russian, but I can assure you there are languages which easier to understand, a typical Russian has no way to understand polish language without a lot of practice, compared to other languages which require less practice experience to understand, and in some it those polish borrowing which makes it harder to understand )))&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So expecting 1:1 even on similar-sounding words (not that there maybe none of them, but) that is mmm very optimistic.&#xA;There was video recently from Langfocus comparing Russian and Ukrainian languages and notice intertwining of &quot;bottle&quot; situation at time code &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/CQLM62r5nLI?t=246&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/CQLM62r5nLI?t=246&lt;/a&gt; and pay attention to Polish reference&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both words are present in the Russian language too ( фляж(-ка, -га), and бутыл(-ь, -ка) so as the present in the Polish language. And the general higher meaning of vessel for liquid are the same, but specifics what kind of vessel and for what kind of liquids - do differ. Do differ because of everyday necessities, realities present in the specifics of how stuff is done/is. Describe what they have, differentiate what they have and those realities aren't transferable 1:1, there is not enough cross-pollination for that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3713" LastActivityDate="2019-08-26T10:12:12.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20425" CreationDate="2019-08-26T11:19:53.130" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the meaning attitude you wish to paint it, which attitudes you have to the person who try to do so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I like that comment from Elena&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не его поля ягода&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in the situation, it needs some modifications, but it would be light and relatively positive expression towards the boi&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Паренек решил подкатить к дочке директора, но ягодка не [с] его поля.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in a sense, yeah sure it maybe smart move on his side based his situation, but chances are slim and he is aiming well above his head&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3713" LastEditorUserId="3713" LastEditDate="2019-08-26T11:27:13.700" LastActivityDate="2019-08-26T11:27:13.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20461" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20485" CreationDate="2019-08-26T11:58:41.240" Score="3" ViewCount="362" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's suppose that I am having an argument with someone about how to properly write a Russian word (e.g., прожжё&lt;strong&gt;н&lt;/strong&gt;ый мошенник vs. прожжё&lt;strong&gt;нн&lt;/strong&gt;ый мошенник) or whether a comma should be put in a certain Russian sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is this: How can we find out the ultimate truth to resolve our argument? What book or source should we look in? Or what is the algorithm of finding out the ultimate truth in such arguments?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I refer to the actual usage as seen in Google and in Google Books, my opponent will say that many Russians are careless and ignorant and write wrongly, including Russian journalists and writers.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I refer to examples in books by classic Russian writers, my opponent will say that classic Russian writers did not always follow the grammar rules and that the grammar rules have changed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I ask a question on gramota.ru, where Russian grammar experts answer grammar-related questions, my opponent will say that the expert may have mistaken because of failing to think deep enough or lacking some specific piece of knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I refer to Rozental's book, my opponent will say that it is just the opinion of Rozental, who may well be wrong on the matter we are arguing about, and that the mighty Russian language is not obligated to always follow primitive oversimplified prescriptive rules written by some Jew.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I need armor-piercing shells. I need something that my opponents won't be able to rebut. I need something as sacred as the Bible. I need a source of ultimate truth. There must be an algorithm to find out the ultimate truth about any grammar question, and I want to find that algorithm. And I humbly hope that the users of this SE can help a desperate Orient student find what she wants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-08-26T23:04:08.627" LastActivityDate="2019-09-02T13:10:46.043" Title="Is there a universally accepted set of Russian grammar rules?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;пунктуация&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;resources&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20462" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-27T04:36:26.630" Score="1" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;We were having a conversation in French about asteroids, and I said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Je ne suis peut-être pas expert en astronomie, mais... Qu’est-ce qu’un &lt;strong&gt;petit&lt;/strong&gt; humain &lt;strong&gt;de rien du tout&lt;/strong&gt; peut contre quelque chose d’aussi imposant, si ça reprend la route direction Terre ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;I’m not greatly experienced in astronomy, but... What hope does &lt;strong&gt;one&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;puny&lt;/strong&gt; human have when faced with such an astronomically huge object, if they one day end up on a collision course with Earth?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or in German, this is where I'd have said:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;≈ In der Astronomie bin ich zwar nicht sonderlich erfahren, aber ... Was könnte ein &lt;strong&gt;kleiner&lt;/strong&gt; Mensch je gegen solch ein überwältigend großes Objekt ausrichten, wenn es direkt auf die Erde zusteuerte?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The expression &quot;&lt;em&gt;X de rien du tout&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, literally meaning &quot;&lt;em&gt;X of nothing at all&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, is used to emphasise the insignificance of X, added on to the similarly functioning word &quot;&lt;em&gt;petit&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. The adjective &quot;&lt;em&gt;klein&lt;/em&gt;&quot; in German works the same way as &quot;&lt;em&gt;petit&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm wondering how this idea is commonly/idiomatically expressed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8672" LastEditorUserId="8672" LastEditDate="2019-08-27T05:18:28.200" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T16:37:32.823" Title="How to emphasise the insignificance of someone/thing in Russian?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;французский&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20462" CreationDate="2019-08-27T05:24:32.420" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this situation you can use the phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;маленький человек:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я не очень опытен в астрономии, однако... какая надежда остаётся у одного маленького человека, когда такой огромный объект может столкнуться с Землей?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a huge astronomical object is about to collide with Earth and there is nothing people can do, we can also add беспомощный (helpless):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;маленький беспомощный человек&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But after all, беспомощный is optional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastEditorUserId="11055" LastEditDate="2019-08-27T05:31:35.367" LastActivityDate="2019-08-27T05:31:35.367" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20464" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20462" CreationDate="2019-08-27T05:52:39.483" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Что может &lt;strong&gt;ничтожный человечек&lt;/strong&gt; против...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dimunitive suffix -ек works as &lt;strong&gt;little/klein&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;ничтожный&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;insignificant, puny,&lt;/em&gt; obviously derived from &lt;strong&gt;ничто&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;rien&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-08-30T15:30:02.367" LastActivityDate="2019-08-30T15:30:02.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20465" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-27T11:53:26.993" Score="2" ViewCount="199" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm having trouble knowing when to use the expression типа такой  vs.  типа такого.  For ex:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He was watching 'The Walking Dead' or something like that. &#xA;Он смотрел &quot;Ходячие мертвецы&quot; или типа такого. &#xA;Why not simply &quot;или типа такой&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or this example: &#xA;Marvin has a bib. &#xA;У Марвина есть слюнявчик &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe you need something like that. &#xA;Может, тебе нужно что-то типа такого. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Again, why not simply &quot;типа такой&quot;?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If someone could provide some clarifying examples of use, I'd be grateful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11884" LastEditorUserId="11884" LastEditDate="2019-08-27T14:25:53.200" LastActivityDate="2019-09-26T19:02:45.437" Title="Типа такой vs типа такого" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20461" CreationDate="2019-08-27T17:31:50.807" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Armor-piercing argument is a spelling dictionary (орфографический словарь) like this - &lt;a href=&quot;https://gufo.me/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://gufo.me/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;it is the spelling dictionary that has the correct writing standards.&#xA;But! The Russian language (like many) is very lively, and often changes. If 1000 people write прожжёНый, then it is likely that the descendants will let go of the extra letter for centuries. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12459" LastActivityDate="2019-08-27T17:31:50.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20465" CreationDate="2019-08-27T17:59:14.500" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;Типа/наподобие/вроде&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; govern Genitive, which in English can be rationalized through the question of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;which/what type?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; or more literally &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;of the type of what? - of the type of that&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, also mind that in combination with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;что-то&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;такого&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a Genitive of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;такОЕ&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and not of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;такОЙ&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, and instead of &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;типа такого&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; you can also say &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;такого типа&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; where &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;такого&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; refers to the &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;тип&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; which translates as &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;of such type&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; into English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;типа такой/ая/ое/ие&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (and in other inflexions required by the predicate) is also a valid combination, applicable in interrogative sentences where a speaker asks about a kind of something, but in this case &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;типа&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; is a rather slangy filler word or a slang variant of the normal &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;вроде/наподобие + Genitive&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; pretty low in register, e.g.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- (a punter) &lt;strong&gt;Мне нужен портфель such and such&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- (a salesman showing a briefcase) &lt;strong&gt;Типа такой?&lt;/strong&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And as a follow up... Он типа такой крутой полицейский. -- This is&#xA;  where the confusion comes in. Shouldn't this then be &quot;типа такого&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The chosen case conditions the meaning, in Nominative it expresses sarcasm, whereas in Genitive it's a straightforward expression of semblance to something with no hidden agenda. It could be that in the policeman sentence the case wasn't chosen very carefully if it meant to express just semblance. Admittedly in practice some overlap may occur in use of both cases but the first meaning i get reading the policeman sentence is sarcasm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7674" LastEditorUserId="7674" LastEditDate="2019-08-27T18:04:20.610" LastActivityDate="2019-08-27T18:04:20.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20462" CreationDate="2019-08-28T01:35:46.370" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with @Enguroo that &quot;маленький человек&quot; is the most appropriate wording. I would like just to add that this term bears a strong allusion to a certain type of hero from classical Russian literature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having appeared for the first time in Pushkin's &quot;The Station Master&quot; and for the second time in Gogol's &quot;The Overcoat&quot;, this kind of character was later greatly explored and developed by many prominent Russian writers (e.g., by Ostrovsky in his &quot;Without a Dowry&quot;). The main message of this line in the Russian literature is that this type  deserves respect and attention, although he is so distant and different from a powerful romantic figure favoured in the literature thitherto. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make long story short, this term carries a lot of weight and connotation. Use it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-08-28T01:35:46.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20469" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-08-28T02:17:55.780" Score="3" ViewCount="246" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am reading a lot of examples like this:&#xA;Не потому, что я из россии, и не потому, что я организовываю&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to know the reason for having a comma between the words because i have asked a few natives and say that if i removed the comma it would make no difference &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastActivityDate="2019-08-29T22:28:22.927" Title="The reason for using comma in between потому and что" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20469" CreationDate="2019-08-28T08:28:07.253" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason is convention. Just as in English you could spell 'I' as 'i' and it would probably make no difference but the rules tell you to use 'I' because it is the conventional, the 'right' way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, the convention is to set off subordinate clauses with commas. &lt;strong&gt;Потому&lt;/strong&gt; is part of the main clause and &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; belongs to the subordinate clause, hence the comma in between. Notice that there is also a comma on the other side of the subordinate clause - before &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; in your example. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a rule of thumb, putting a comma in front of &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; will be correct in 90% of cases. Many people do it automatically. There are cases though when no comma is needed. E.g. when two subordinate clauses are joined by &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; with no part of the main clause in between:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не потому, что я из России и что я организовываю.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice no comma before the second &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-08-28T10:12:42.867" LastActivityDate="2019-08-28T10:12:42.867" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20474" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20469" CreationDate="2019-08-29T22:28:22.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The punctuation tradition tells a story about a conjunction &quot;потому что&quot; (preceded by comma by usual reasons) and pronominal adverb &quot;потому&quot; which can be modified by a subordinate clause with &quot;что&quot; (but can also be used independently - same way as determinative pronouns such as &quot;тот&quot; can - &quot;Тот человек, что вошёл сюда&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The variant with comma in between is definitely preferred when there is a modifier like &quot;только&quot; which seems to be related to the adverb part - &quot;только потому, что&quot; is better than &quot;, только потому что&quot; (and much better than the impossible &quot;только, потому что&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is additionally muddled, however, by the fact that the very same punctuational variation (with explanation along the same lines) is allowed for &quot;несмотря на то(,) что&quot;, &quot;для того(,) чтобы&quot; and several others. It is not clear whether there is a limited list for &quot;omit the comma&quot; (though &quot;потому что&quot; seems one of the most robust cases) or it is enough to be anything that contains the &quot;тот&quot; pronoun etymologically and can be replaced by a single word (&quot;ибо&quot;, &quot;хотя&quot; and &quot;чтобы&quot; respectively for the cases above).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2019-08-29T22:28:22.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20475" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20479" CreationDate="2019-08-31T08:34:26.683" Score="1" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;I speak Russian but I do not know computer terms. How to look for logs analytics. Data mining would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;сбор данных&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yandex translates log data as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;каротажные данные&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but it actually refers to geology not to computers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How could we translate logs mining or logs analytics?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12469" LastActivityDate="2019-09-01T17:34:35.750" Title="How to says logs analytics?" Tags="&lt;информатика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20476" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-01T08:01:16.647" Score="0" ViewCount="810" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have just started learning Russian (not getting a qualification, just for self interest). I have been set Задание 32 in the Поехали! Textbook 1. But my teacher is busy this week, and so cannot get me started.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exercise starts as follows, and I do not know how to proceed, I’d appreciate some pointers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Example answer:  &#xA;Это (я) дом. -- это мой дом.  &#xA;Это (я) дома. -- это мой дома.  &#xA;&#xA;Questions:&#xA;1) Это (я) друзья. Ты их помнишь?  &#xA;2) Это (я) друг. Ты его помнишь?  &#xA;3) ...  &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks in advance!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12471" LastActivityDate="2019-09-09T07:28:27.697" Title="Would someone mind just getting me started with my Russian homework?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20476" CreationDate="2019-09-01T08:56:45.083" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;You seem to have a typo in the &quot;Examples&quot; section: instead of&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это (я) дома. -- это мо&lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt; дома.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;there should be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это (я) дома. -- это мо&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; дома.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The task is to put the pronoun in brackets into its possessive form, choosing the correct gender and number. In question 1) you do it like this: (я) &gt; мои, 1st p. singular, the possessed object plural, because друзья (the possessed object) is plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; I've had a look at the actual textbook you're studying. The words there have stresses marked, so &quot;и́&quot; (stressed и) may have seemed for you to be &quot;й&quot;, but it's not so. Don't mix up the two things, in everyday Russian texts stresses are not marked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/lQoxF.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/lQoxF.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2019-09-01T10:20:05.443" LastActivityDate="2019-09-01T10:20:05.443" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20412" CreationDate="2019-09-01T11:09:49.727" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы еще сказал &quot;будоражащая идея&quot;, &quot;эта идея его взбудоражила&quot;. Похоже на английское &quot;exciting/excited&quot;, с немного более сильным значением. &#xA;Но, вообще, я бы не сказал, что вне контекста слово &quot;возбуждать&quot; имеет однозначные сексуальные коннотации. Кофе, например, тоже возбуждающий эффект имеет (invigorating). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12472" LastActivityDate="2019-09-01T11:09:49.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20479" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20475" CreationDate="2019-09-01T17:34:35.750" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Анализ логов&quot; or (depending on context) &quot;аналитика данных, полученных из логов&quot; would be the best phrase one can use. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you speak Russian you must know that Russian historically was ok with borrowing terms from foreign languages. Not only &quot;регистрационный журнал&quot; suggested in comments also consists of two foreign words but also the usage of such term is de-facto negligible to saying just &quot;логи&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-09-01T17:34:35.750" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20480" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20481" CreationDate="2019-09-01T18:02:25.133" Score="8" ViewCount="1647" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's suppose you are having a casual conversation with a friend and talking quickly and want to say, &quot;Попал в бесперспективняк.&quot; Will you be able to pronounce this flawlessly and without changing the fast tempo of your speech?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am asking because my teacher criticized me for slowing down the tempo when I pronounced that phrase. Calling my tongue clumsy, he then made me repeat this phrase many times. He made me &quot;stress the consonants,&quot; as he puts it, and then to speed up the tempo. In the end, he got more or less pleased, but said that I still have to work in order to pronounce such phrases like a true Russian girl. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am curious whether native speakers really have no difficulties pronouncing this phrase quickly and naturally. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-09-02T21:52:20.577" Title="Can Russians naturally pronounce &quot;попал в бесперспективняк&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;&lt;согласные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20480" CreationDate="2019-09-01T18:30:07.327" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for me, it's difficult to pronounce that phrase fast, but maybe it's because I've never even thought of saying such a silly word, and I can hardly imagine someone who'd use it. On the other hand, as a tongue-twister drill, it's pretty good. After some exercise and training, it's quite possible to learn to pronounce it quite fast. Training distinctive speech at high pace is very important at higher levels of language acquisition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every tongue-twister seems difficult or sometimes even impossible to pronounce quickly, but you know, &lt;em&gt;Übung macht den Meister&lt;/em&gt;, practice makes champions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your teacher is absolutely right, repeating it many times, first slowly and then with more and more increased speed is the best way to get the most distinctive and crisp pronunciation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cheer up, you'll cope with it!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="487" LastEditDate="2019-09-02T21:52:20.577" LastActivityDate="2019-09-02T21:52:20.577" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20482" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20480" CreationDate="2019-09-01T21:01:32.363" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it's a word which was specifically coined to be difficult to pronounce. There are many quasi-linguistic jokes about either complexity or uniqueness of the Russian language which feature silly or absurd or overcomplicated words or phrases, and &quot;бесперспективняк&quot; probably originates from a joke like that. Some of my friends use it, and they stumble upon its pronunciation every other time, but nobody makes a fuss over it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12472" LastActivityDate="2019-09-01T21:01:32.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20480" CreationDate="2019-09-02T08:05:45.943" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If they use this word in a conversation then I assume they used it many times and won't have trouble with it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;It's slang so not all native speakers will use it.&#xA;I would use something more precise depending on context to say that I got into situation/profession/field with no good outcome no matter what I do here.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S.:&#xA;To master this word I would divide it into prefixes, root, suffixes:&#xA;&quot;Бес&quot; + &quot;перспектив&quot; + &quot;няк&quot;; and learn each part starting from hardest and adding &quot;meat&quot; to it until you get the whole word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can translate them to understand what is going on:&#xA;&quot;Lacking&quot; + &quot;Perspective&quot; + &quot;Russian suffixes to make quintilion words&quot;.&#xA;Can't explain suffixes without research because they are natural for me and I don't need rules to apply them but there are rules for them too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12476" LastActivityDate="2019-09-02T08:05:45.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20461" CreationDate="2019-09-02T13:10:46.043" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a regulatory institution for the Russian language --- &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Language_Institute&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vinogradov Institute&lt;/a&gt;. Anything decided by it is considered as the current truth and used by all the educational institutes and official organisations. Not only can you look up necessary rules or words from documents linked on their websites, they also have an advisory service: you can phone them and ask a question directly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that they do update both generic rules and particular words' usages pretty regularly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having said that, gramota.ru is maintained by professional linguists (including some from the aforementioned Vinogradov Institute) and I'm yet to find any fault with anything they've said. And their site is much more convenient to use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9714" LastActivityDate="2019-09-02T13:10:46.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20486" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20487" CreationDate="2019-09-03T20:32:41.637" Score="2" ViewCount="292" Body="&lt;p&gt;When Russians tell what time it is, they often add &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;дня&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;of the day&amp;quot;), &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;вечера&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;of the evening&amp;quot;), &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;ночи&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;of the night&amp;quot;), or &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;утра&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;of the morning&amp;quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я проснулась в три часа &lt;strong&gt;ночи&lt;/strong&gt;. (Literally: I woke up at three o'clock &lt;strong&gt;of the night&lt;/strong&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я пришла в университет в полвосьмого &lt;strong&gt;утра&lt;/strong&gt;. (Literally: I came to the university at half to eight &lt;strong&gt;of the morning&lt;/strong&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Перерыв заканчивается в три часа &lt;strong&gt;дня&lt;/strong&gt;. (Literally: The break ends at three o'clock &lt;strong&gt;of the day&lt;/strong&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вечеринка началась в пол-одиннадцатого &lt;strong&gt;вечера&lt;/strong&gt;. (Literally: The party started at half to eleven &lt;strong&gt;of the evening&lt;/strong&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is this: Based on the linguistic convention in the Russian language, how long is the night?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the purpose of this question, a time is considered to belong to the night if Russians add &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;ночи&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; rather than &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;утра&lt;/strong&gt;, &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;дня&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;вечера&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; after it. For example, 2:39am belongs to the night because Russians say, &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Я добралась домой в 2:39 ночи&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am asking because I am unsure exactly where the boundaries of the night are in the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-09-04T13:26:37.717" Title="How long is the night from the Russian language standpoint?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20487" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20486" CreationDate="2019-09-03T23:12:53.090" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;amp;source=web&amp;amp;rct=j&amp;amp;url=https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/25254/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA-%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D1%258C-%25D0%25B2%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D1%258F-%25D1%2581%25D1%2583%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA/25288&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwify97a07XkAhU7TxUIHSTgC2IQjjgwAnoECAUQAQ&amp;amp;usg=AOvVaw3W2vnC2t_cBtsEk6VuZY7u&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Как различить время суток&lt;/a&gt;&quot; is indeed very informative (thanks @tum_).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;В русском языке чёткой границы нет. Примерное разделение выглядит так:&#xA;&#xA;    Утро от 4-5 часов до 11-12.&#xA;    День от 11-12 часов до 15-16.&#xA;    Вечер от 15-16 часов до 23-24.&#xA;    Ночь от 23-24 часов до 4-5.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to add a little bit about the &quot;gray area&quot; when time of the day is transitioning. This area is indeed gray, because in typical Russian latitudes daytime variations can be significant throughout the year. So, in summer, 16:00 is undoubtedly &quot;4 часа дня&quot;, while in winter it is &quot;4 часа вечера&quot;. Likewise, in summer 4:00 is &quot;4 часа утра&quot;, and in winter it's &quot;4 часа ночи&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-09-03T23:12:53.090" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20488" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20486" CreationDate="2019-09-04T13:26:37.717" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I was little, in my family and community it was pretty well established to be 12am-4am ночь, 4am-12pm утро, 12pm-4pm день, 4pm-12am вечер. Plus полночь, полдень around 12 am or pm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then when I started traveling and meeting other people I realized it's not really set in stone at all, but as a general guide if you use the terms for the above periods of the day, you won't be wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also deliberately shift the term for emphasis or comic effect. Уже 10 ночи, спать пора!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2019-09-04T13:26:37.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20425" CreationDate="2019-09-04T17:16:39.703" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The examples you've been given are pretty bad to use in everyday speech. the &quot;Слишком высоко замахнулся, slang - слишком губу раскатал&quot; is belittling to the person you say this to/about and shows your dislike of that person. The others are used only in literature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How i've heard it said, and would most likely say, is &quot;она-девушка не его калибра&quot; (she is a woman of not his calibre). it's as neutral as you can say that, in my head.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12487" LastActivityDate="2019-09-04T17:16:39.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20490" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16760" CreationDate="2019-09-04T17:49:25.043" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Заселяемся в новый дом&quot; - moving in to the new house. &quot;Переселяемся в другой город&quot; - moving to another city.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12487" LastActivityDate="2019-09-04T17:49:25.043" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20492" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20493" CreationDate="2019-09-05T08:20:57.250" Score="0" ViewCount="460" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to understand Russian future verb tenses and aspects. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm aware Russian has three tenses, the present, the past and the future. And I'm aware the imperfective verb indicates non complete and repeated actions, as two examples. And I'm aware the perfective aspect indicates successfully completed actions, as one example of its use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I will cook when you arrive&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я приготовлю еду, когда ты приедешь&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this is correct. I'm using the future perfective to say I will successfully start and complete the cooking when you arrive (at my house).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But my real question when it comes to the future perfect. The future perfect indicates one future action will be completed before another future action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I will have (already) cooked when you arrive.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;????????????&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would you translate the above?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sentence I'm expressing that: I will stop cooking at 7pm (for example). You will arrive at 8pm (for example). So no cooking will happen when you arrive because I (will have) finished it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps there's another way to express this in Russian? Something like &quot;I will be finished cooking when you arrive&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12491" LastEditorUserId="12491" LastEditDate="2019-09-05T09:00:26.850" LastActivityDate="2019-09-05T09:16:34.783" Title="Future simple and future perfect in Russian" Tags="&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20493" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20492" CreationDate="2019-09-05T09:16:34.783" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can just translate the phrase &quot;I will be finished cooking when you arrive&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я (уже) закончу готовить еду, когда ты приедешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but it's enough just to use the word &quot;уже&quot; itself:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я уже приготовлю еду, когда ты приедешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or slightly better:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда ты приедешь, я уже приготовлю еду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I would recommend:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда ты приедешь, еда уже будет готова.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2019-09-05T09:16:34.783" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14911" CreationDate="2019-09-09T09:34:05.800" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian modern culture there is no direct analog for &quot;badass&quot;. All this variants sound unnatural in common speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most often, when people want to express the idea, they use some examples of &quot;badasses&quot; from old and modern culture, like &quot;Рэмбо&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Blood&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;film about Rambo&lt;/a&gt; had some impact on Russian post-USSR culture), or &quot;Илья Муромец&quot;, or &quot;Бэтман&quot; (Batman - mostly in ironic sense) and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastEditorUserId="11885" LastEditDate="2019-09-09T09:39:56.857" LastActivityDate="2019-09-09T09:39:56.857" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14911" CreationDate="2019-09-09T12:32:35.913" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess the word 'пиздатый' fits perfect for 'badass'. This word means 'peculiar, but at the same point cool', or more deeply 'it is very-very weird thing, but I kinda like it bc it is so uncommon and bizarre; it's dangerous, but nice'. &#xA;When somebody says that your work is 'пиздатая' or you made a 'пиздатый' drawing, you can't know exactly it is a compliment or actually no, it is more actually about how your thing is sooo strange, but kind of bearable. But in most it is used with a positive meaning. Also, it is a swear, so I'd recommend you to use it only with your friends. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12457" LastActivityDate="2019-09-09T12:32:35.913" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20499" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-10T23:06:31.177" Score="2" ViewCount="296" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to correctly pronounce ш (/ʂ/), ж (/ʐ/) and щ (/ɕɕ/), so I must learn the 3 related phonems: /ʂ/, /ʐ/ and /ɕ/.  I am familiar with the phonems /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ from English and, as all these phonems are fricative, the difference can only be in labialization and tongue position.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have read on  &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labialization&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labialization&lt;/a&gt; that the Russian fricative phonems does not have the slight rounding usually done in English fricative phonems. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regarding the tongue position, it is my understanding that, if I start with the tip of it in the front upper region of the mouth, touching the back of the upper teeth, and bring it all the way to the center of the roof of the mouth (palate) (the same place where my tongue is when producing /j/), I will pass through the phonems /ʃ/, /ʂ/ and /ɕ/. /ʐ/ will become easy after I have figured out where /ʂ/ is done, as the only difference is vocalization. Am I right about all this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I got confused after seeing this video: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/zltpo15toe0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/zltpo15toe0&lt;/a&gt; . At 8:00, it is said that, to get to /ʂ/ from /ʃ/, you must drop the pitch by flattening out the rounded position of the tongue done in the latter. However, I do not feel any &quot;rounded position of the tongue&quot; in /ʃ/, so I have no idea how to &quot;flatten it out&quot;. Is that related to the labialization change I mentioned above? Even if it is, my tongue tip would still be in the same position of /ʃ/ and I thought that, in order to pronounce /ʂ/,  the tongue tip should be not in the alveolar ridge, but a little backwards, between the alveolar ridge and the palate. This video also says that /ɕ/ is done by doing the opposite and raising the pitch by rounding the tongue even more towards the roof of your mouth and keeping your tongue tip near your lower teeth. That seems to imply that /ʃ/ is between between /ʂ/ and /ɕ/ , what goes against my theory above. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12516" LastEditorUserId="12516" LastEditDate="2019-09-11T03:39:21.127" LastActivityDate="2019-09-11T03:39:21.127" Title="Pronunciation of /ʂ/, /ʐ/ and/ɕ/" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20500" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20499" CreationDate="2019-09-11T02:47:08.370" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The video's description sounds mostly right, though I never thought of it in terms of pitch. Instead of &quot;flatten out&quot; the tongue it may help to think of just lowering the tongue a bit for ш and raising it a bit for щ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally find phonetic minutiae to be better suited for analysis than acquisition. Instead, I would ask a native speaker to repeat minimal pairs such as чаша (&quot;chalice&quot;) and чаща (&quot;thicket&quot;) and see if you can both detect and repeat the differences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12518" LastActivityDate="2019-09-11T02:47:08.370" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20501" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-11T06:05:24.490" Score="1" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian cursive, there is some ambiguity from the fact that several lowercase cursive letters consist (entirely or in part) of the Latin cursive letter i without the dot (or a half of the cursive letter u), namely и, л, м, ш, ц, щ, ы. As a result, there are examples of different words that become absolutely identical in their cursive form. Do Russians have ways to avoid this ambiguity when writing or do they always sort the ambiguity out based on context when reading? An example: &lt;a href=&quot;https://m.imgur.com/Jyj4Gma&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://m.imgur.com/Jyj4Gma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am particularly interested in this because I usually write vocabulary lists when learning a new language and I can foresee that a Russian vocabulary list written in cursive letter will be tricky to use for memorizing words if there is spelling ambiguity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A tip I heard today is to write the cursive л in a slight alternate way, putting a small horizontal line between the line that goes up and the other that goes down, making it look like a little more similar to the print л. Other tips are welcome.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12516" LastEditorUserId="12516" LastEditDate="2019-09-11T12:47:22.670" LastActivityDate="2019-09-11T12:47:22.670" Title="Avoiding spelling ambiguity when writing in cursive - и, л, м, ш, ц, щ, ы" Tags="&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="8" ClosedDate="2019-09-11T06:53:49.730" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20502" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20505" CreationDate="2019-09-11T12:20:19.627" Score="1" ViewCount="364" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Latin cursive, we differentiate lowercase a&#xA;a from lowercase O with the stroke in the middle of O. However, this stroke does not exist in Russian cursive. I see that the right border of A is slanted and because of it the letter does not form a perfect circle as O, but that seems a very small detail which can be easily lost in writing. Is there any other difference between both? Is the starting point for the next letter higher in O than A?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12516" LastActivityDate="2019-09-11T17:24:36.930" Title="Avoiding spelling ambiguity when writing in cursive - a, o" Tags="&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20503" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20502" CreationDate="2019-09-11T14:02:05.100" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the difference between &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;о&lt;/em&gt; is that former has a downward stroke o\ while latter has upward-ish stroke o/ after circle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2019-09-11T14:02:05.100" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8744" CreationDate="2019-09-11T16:10:42.003" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть ещё разговорное слово &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;доминошка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2019-09-11T16:10:42.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20502" CreationDate="2019-09-11T17:24:36.930" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;So here's &quot;classic&quot; handwriting cursive:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/c93QS.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/c93QS.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;You'll find more at the google pictures search for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&amp;amp;client=opera&amp;amp;biw=1164&amp;amp;bih=842&amp;amp;tbm=isch&amp;amp;sa=1&amp;amp;ei=Git5XbitDq35qwGMz6D4CA&amp;amp;q=handwriting+cursive&amp;amp;oq=handwriting+cursive&amp;amp;gs_l=img.3..0i19l10.218587.218587..218820...0.0..0.97.97.1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.SUvIvmPJFBU&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwi4osSPosnkAhWt_CoKHYwnCI8Q4dUDCAY&amp;amp;uact=5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;handwriting cursive&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;(I'd just want to stress this is not something specific to the Russian cursive).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is the starting point for the next letter higher in O than A?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, notice the extra &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt; stroke on the right also determines how it connects to the next symbol (top for &lt;em&gt;o&lt;/em&gt; and bottom for &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;). Usually that's enough. There's no other hidden details and/or tricks.&#xA;And the rest just is a matter of habits/training. So in general, the only (real and honest) answer to a question like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;how ... native speakers differentiate between the letters ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would be something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They just do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus I'm afraid the only suggestion for you in this case is: keep training to read/write such script. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10327" LastActivityDate="2019-09-11T17:24:36.930" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20508" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20509" CreationDate="2019-09-12T23:41:54.210" Score="0" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why the consonant &quot;ф&quot; in &quot;кафе&quot; is not soft (= palatalized), given that it is before the soft vowel &quot;e&quot;? Do loanwords usually break pronunciation rules? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12516" LastActivityDate="2019-09-13T01:50:29.943" Title="Pronunciation of кафе" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20509" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20508" CreationDate="2019-09-13T01:15:59.283" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Why the consonant &quot;ф&quot; in &quot;кафе&quot; is not soft (= palatalized), given that it is before the soft vowel &quot;e&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most likely because that is closer to the original French pronunciation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do loanwords usually break pronunciation rules? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My impression is they at least tend to break the rules &lt;em&gt;more often&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, Russian also seems to be better about preserving the original pronunciation of foreign names--the stress in particular--compared to English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12518" LastActivityDate="2019-09-13T01:15:59.283" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20511" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20512" CreationDate="2019-09-13T06:27:48.353" Score="2" ViewCount="378" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &lt;strong&gt;&quot;у тебя всё хорошо?&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&quot;ты в порядке?&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastEditorUserId="11537" LastEditDate="2019-09-13T07:22:35.693" LastActivityDate="2019-09-15T12:28:03.550" Title="Difference between &quot;у тебя всё хорошо&quot; and &quot;ты в порядке&quot;" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;difference&gt;&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20511" CreationDate="2019-09-13T09:22:36.123" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is little semantic difference:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1)  &quot;у тебя всё хорошо?&quot; - is more about &quot;outer&quot; circumstances (like bank loans, home and work life)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2)  &quot;ты в порядке?&quot; - is more about person himself (like health and well-being)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not a strict rule. This questions are quite interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-09-13T09:22:36.123" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20513" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20515" CreationDate="2019-09-13T10:00:54.070" Score="-1" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;I practice Russian in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.duolingo.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Duolingo&lt;/a&gt; app and there are a lot of words that have &lt;strong&gt;same meaning in English&lt;/strong&gt;. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мои - мой - моя - мое&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;это - этот - эта&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;как - что&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12524" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-13T11:54:53.670" LastActivityDate="2019-09-13T11:54:53.670" Title="Different Words in Russian, Same Meaning in English!" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="0" ClosedDate="2019-09-13T15:37:57.463" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20515" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20513" CreationDate="2019-09-13T10:29:43.063" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have to start learning grammar &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;In Russian, we have 3 genders(masculine, feminine and neutral) &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;For example:&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Masculine: &lt;strong&gt;мой брат&lt;/strong&gt; --&gt; my brother&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Feminine: &lt;strong&gt;моя сестра&lt;/strong&gt; --&gt; my sister&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Neutral: &lt;strong&gt;моё такси&lt;/strong&gt; --&gt;  my taxi&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Plural: &lt;strong&gt;мои деньги&lt;/strong&gt; --&gt; my money&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Good luck&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11537" LastEditorUserId="1097" LastEditDate="2019-09-13T11:35:14.420" LastActivityDate="2019-09-13T11:35:14.420" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20511" CreationDate="2019-09-13T13:57:08.693" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;difference&lt;/em&gt; is that the &lt;em&gt;latter&lt;/em&gt; expression is &lt;em&gt;not Russian&lt;/em&gt; in origin and actually comes from amateur translations; it literally renders the English &lt;em&gt;'Are you alright/OK?'&lt;/em&gt; Typical Russian expression of that sense is: &lt;strong&gt;У тебя всё в порядке (хорошо)?&lt;/strong&gt; The version &lt;em&gt;Ты в порядке?&lt;/em&gt; while often used (definitely not by everybody) in the recent years, doesn't sound too sophisticated to me. If you google that expression in books, unlikely you'll find it in &lt;em&gt;classical&lt;/em&gt; literature (most results come from books written in 2017-2019).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-09-13T13:57:08.693" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20517" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-14T06:43:30.647" Score="2" ViewCount="344" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is мужчи́на pronounced /mʊɕːˈinə/ instead of /mʊʂtɕˈinə/ ? I am already considering that ж is pronounced ш because it is voiced and it is followed by an unvoiced consonant (ч), also known as consonant assimilation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a pronunciation rule which says that жч is pronounced щ or is it an exception?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12516" LastEditorUserId="12516" LastEditDate="2019-09-16T10:51:34.930" LastActivityDate="2019-09-18T13:44:07.433" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;мужчина&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20519" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20522" CreationDate="2019-09-14T16:55:18.327" Score="6" ViewCount="819" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why isn't the consonant л pronounced in &quot;солнце&quot; ( it is pronounced ['sont͡sə]] instead of [ˈsolnt͡sə] ) ? Is that a result of a pronunciation rule or is it an exception?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12516" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-14T21:55:00.657" LastActivityDate="2019-09-15T12:20:08.627" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;солнце&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20520" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20521" CreationDate="2019-09-14T19:29:37.437" Score="-1" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have learned that an unstressed ю is pronounced /jʊ/. However, I cannot hear the /j/ in &quot;Я читаю&quot; (ref: Google Translate) as clearly as I hear in the English word &quot;yes&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/yes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/yes&lt;/a&gt;). Am i missing something, is Google Translate pronouncing it badly or am I just hearing the audio badly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12516" LastEditorUserId="12516" LastEditDate="2019-09-14T19:36:36.553" LastActivityDate="2019-09-15T12:22:08.737" Title="Pronunciation of unstressed ю ( /jʊ/ )" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20520" CreationDate="2019-09-14T19:42:21.213" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm inclined to think that the Google Translate pronunciation is a bit odd. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are three pronunciations of читаю on Forvo (&lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E/#ru&lt;/a&gt;) where I hear the /j/ much more clearly. These sound more natural to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12452" LastActivityDate="2019-09-14T19:42:21.213" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20519" CreationDate="2019-09-14T21:39:28.390" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;The only words in Russian ending by &lt;code&gt;олнц&lt;/code&gt; are derivatives from &quot;солнце&quot;. In all the rest of the words with &lt;code&gt;олн&lt;/code&gt; + vowel &lt;code&gt;л&lt;/code&gt; is alway pronounced. I'm aware only of two words with &lt;code&gt;олн&lt;/code&gt; + consonant, that are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;чолнт&lt;/a&gt; - л is pronounced in this word.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Солнзас&lt;/a&gt; (or Солнзап) - it's a river and as far as I know &lt;code&gt;л&lt;/code&gt; is pronounced there. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, that's an exception. But, strictly speaking, statement &quot;in all Russian words with 'олнц' &lt;code&gt;л&lt;/code&gt; is always omitted&quot; will be valid. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side-note - there are quite a lot of words where one should memorize the Russian pronunciation - in &lt;code&gt;сердце&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;д&lt;/code&gt; is mute, in &lt;code&gt;грустно&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;т&lt;/code&gt; is mute, in &lt;code&gt;здравствуй&lt;/code&gt; first &lt;code&gt;в&lt;/code&gt; is mute. I can go on for a while - it's not as crazy as in English - but still. Here's &lt;a href=&quot;https://orfogrammka.ru/%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%B2-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a link&lt;/a&gt; that might be useful for you.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-15T08:22:30.513" LastActivityDate="2019-09-15T08:22:30.513" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20523" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20519" CreationDate="2019-09-15T12:20:08.627" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;л is not omitted from солнце by everyone. Most do omit it, some do not. Both is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12526" LastActivityDate="2019-09-15T12:20:08.627" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20524" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20520" CreationDate="2019-09-15T12:22:08.737" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Good question! /j/ can be clearly heard in читаю if pronounced by a native Russian speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12527" LastActivityDate="2019-09-15T12:22:08.737" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20525" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20517" CreationDate="2019-09-15T12:24:44.580" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a matter of rate (as in speed, velocity, pace) of pronouncing those letters.&#xA;When you pronounce them in a rapid succession, жч becomes щ purely due to the function of the vocal organs: tongue, lips, throat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12528" LastActivityDate="2019-09-15T12:24:44.580" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20526" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20511" CreationDate="2019-09-15T12:28:03.550" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I feel that the most upvoted answer by ksbes is not complete.&#xA;1) is more general&#xA;2) is more time constrained to the immediate present and feels like a borrowed from English 'are you all right' father than a native idiom. Alex_ander provided a more native version of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12529" LastActivityDate="2019-09-15T12:28:03.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20527" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-15T12:35:50.183" Score="2" ViewCount="162" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он наклонил голову к плечу и некоторое время раздумывал о вопросе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word предлагает поставить запятую после &lt;code&gt;плечу&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он наклонил голову к плечу, и некоторое время раздумывал о вопросе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но это же &lt;code&gt;и&lt;/code&gt; в списке из 2х элементов &lt;code&gt;наклонил&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;раздумывал&lt;/code&gt;, следовательно запятая не нужна. Ставить или не ставить?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12530" LastActivityDate="2019-09-16T18:55:05.447" Title="Озадачен странным указанием поставить запятую от Word 2003" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20529" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20425" CreationDate="2019-09-15T16:34:36.817" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;One more option is &quot;Он слишком высоко метит&quot; as I think this situation is related to different social groups issue. &quot;Она не чета ему&quot; which means that she has a higher social status.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12531" LastActivityDate="2019-09-15T16:34:36.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20530" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20527" CreationDate="2019-09-15T18:26:27.773" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Не ставить и не верить автокорректу и подобного рода подсказкам безоговорочно, безусловно; это всего лишь подспорье в работе корректора, но никак не замена этой работе. В обозримом будущем это точно изменится, и на автоматизацию корректуры можно будет полагаться практически полностью, сейчас это точно не так, а в 2003 так не было и подавно. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-15T20:48:23.530" LastActivityDate="2019-09-15T20:48:23.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20531" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14911" CreationDate="2019-09-16T05:28:28.397" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would advise you from using &quot;сорвиголова&quot; -- not because it lacks a right meaning, but because it is plainly outdated. Not completely obsolete, it nevertheless sounds somewhat weird in the modern speech, especially in the teenage argot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My recommendation would be to make use of the adjective &quot;лихой&quot;. To amplify its meaning, you may even consider placing it after the noun:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;он мужик лихой&quot; or: &quot;он парень лихой&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On specific occasions, you may say &quot;конкретный пацан&quot;.  Тhe applicability realm of this term is, however, relatively narrow. Usually, it is employed to describe a criminal type from the turbulent 90-s; a buddy who lives by the code of racketeer gangs and is tough in the street &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-09-16T05:28:28.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20532" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20533" CreationDate="2019-09-16T17:43:15.897" Score="2" ViewCount="156" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was wondering what the difference is between the verbs греть, обогревать and нагревать. If I'm not mistaken all three verbs are imperfective. When I search google images for обогревать, it seems to be used for heating up a room, while нагревать seems to be used when cooking stuff. But what about other situations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10420" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-16T19:04:59.873" LastActivityDate="2019-09-16T19:04:59.873" Title="Difference between &quot;греть&quot;, &quot;обогревать&quot; and &quot;нагревать&quot;" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20532" CreationDate="2019-09-16T18:45:08.943" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You use &quot;греть&quot; when you conduct heat to a thing, but not neceserilly making it warmer, for example, &quot;warm clothes warm you up in winter&quot; - &quot;теплая одежда греет в зимние месяцы&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You use &quot;обогревать&quot; when you want to convey the same meaning, but applied to a space, a room, or a system, and not a singular thing, which is the case with &quot;греть&quot;. For example, the furnace heats the room in winter - &quot;отопление обогревает комнату зимой&quot;, or &quot;the fireplace heats the cabin&quot; - &quot;камин обогревает домик&quot;. Once again, without neceserilly making it warmer, just maintanining the temperature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, you use &quot;нагревать&quot; only if you are talking about actually making the thing or a space/a room/a system warmer, increasing its temperature, not just conducting heat and maintaining warm temperature. For example, &quot;the fire started slowly heating up the air in the cabin&quot; - &quot;огонь начал медленно нагревать (разогревать) воздух в домике&quot;, (&quot;air&quot; is needed here) or, &quot;the warm clothes we put on started warming up his body&quot; - &quot;теплая одежда, в которую мы его одели, начали нагревать (разогревать) его тело&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;разогревать&quot; is better to be used in these examples, because &quot;нагревать&quot; is more formal and is usually used in technical texts, while &quot;разогревать&quot; carries an additional meaning of bringing the heat back where it's needed (like going from low body temperature to normal after putting warm clothes on), or to it's desirable amount. I would not use &quot;нагревать&quot; there. But in a sentence like &quot;the burner heats up the water in the bulb to the temperature of boiling&quot; - &quot;горелка нагревает воду в колбе до температуры кипения&quot; it is completely fine&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12487" LastActivityDate="2019-09-16T18:45:08.943" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20527" CreationDate="2019-09-16T18:55:05.447" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;На мой взгляд, предложение без запятой грамматически неверно, т.к. две разные формы глагола - наклонил ( что сделал) и раздумывал (что делал). Поэтому word пытается разбить его в два предложения запятой (голову наклонил, и раздумывал (когда-неясно)). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он наклонил голову к плечу и некоторое время пораздумывал над вопросом - правильно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэтому формально - Word прав. Но только потому, что предложение неверно построено с точки зрения выбора слов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12487" LastActivityDate="2019-09-16T18:55:05.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20517" CreationDate="2019-09-16T19:22:46.447" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you look at &lt;strong&gt;женщина&lt;/strong&gt;, try to break the word down, and consider that back when &lt;strong&gt;/щ/&lt;/strong&gt; was pronounced &lt;code&gt;[ɕtɕ]&lt;/code&gt;, the letter &lt;strong&gt;щ&lt;/strong&gt; and the combination &lt;strong&gt;шч&lt;/strong&gt; (ergo also &lt;strong&gt;жч&lt;/strong&gt; due to assimilation) would've been different ways to spell the exact same thing,  you'll realise something cool: it's only spelt &lt;strong&gt;мужчина&lt;/strong&gt; because the more etymologically correct &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;*мужщина&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; would've been a bit of an eyesore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2019-09-16T19:22:46.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20536" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-16T19:43:00.600" Score="4" ViewCount="275" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've encountered several different ways of saying &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;I got&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; in Russian, but I am a bit confused on the differences in nuance these expressions have. To be clear, my question is about the phrase &amp;quot;I got&amp;quot; in the sense of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;I acquired something&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and not in the sense of &amp;quot;I have something.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Firstly, I've seen the expression &amp;quot;у меня появился что-то&amp;quot; and I always thought it was used when you cannot help getting what you got. It literally means &amp;quot;something appeared to me,&amp;quot; so I'd use this expression for &amp;quot;I got a chance/opportunity&amp;quot; and maybe even for &amp;quot;I got a new friend&amp;quot; (not sure about this). But I recently heard someone (who's a native Russian) say &amp;quot;у меня появился Netflix.&amp;quot; This seemed strange to me since Netflix is not something that just randomly appeared to her; she actively went and bought a Netflix account. &lt;strong&gt;So, in which types of situations can this Russian expression —&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;code&gt;у меня появиться&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;— be used?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, when trying to solve this question myself, I stumbled upon the verb &lt;strong&gt;приобретать&lt;/strong&gt;. If I'm not mistaken, this means &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;to acquire&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;, but does this sound as formal in Russian as the verb &amp;quot;to acquire&amp;quot; sounds in English? Or is it more frequently used in daily situations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thirdly, the verb &lt;strong&gt;получить&lt;/strong&gt; means, if I'm not mistaken, to get something from an other person as a gift/reward. Is it correct that you cannot say, for example, &amp;quot;я получил Netflix,&amp;quot; since you cannot use this verb when you buy something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, I've heard people say things like &amp;quot;я мне купил что-то&amp;quot; but I wonder if there is a generic verb for &amp;quot;to get something&amp;quot; without specifying that you bought it, or someone gave it, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10420" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2020-12-23T08:35:29.473" LastActivityDate="2020-12-23T09:14:52.020" Title="Different ways of saying &quot;I got&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20537" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-16T19:46:46.113" Score="0" ViewCount="37" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Google Translate, in the Wiktionary audio recording and in some Forvo audio recordings of the word &quot;существительное&quot;, I am unable to hear the ending E (/iə/ in unstressed syllables like the last one). Is this an usual pronunciation or regionalism? Is it an exception of the pronunciation rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Forvo: &lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%81%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%81%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12516" LastEditorUserId="12516" LastEditDate="2019-09-16T20:00:03.887" LastActivityDate="2019-09-16T20:00:03.887" Title="Pronunciation of существительное" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2019-09-16T21:02:23.870" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20538" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-16T20:38:39.110" Score="1" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если в предложении&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Знаю я ваше быстро!&quot; - сказал Барбос: &quot;Уехали на день, а пропали на неделю&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;быстро&lt;/code&gt; служит для передачи иронии, следует ли взять его в кавычки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12534" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-17T10:02:42.563" LastActivityDate="2019-09-17T13:37:40.440" Title="Иносказание внутри прямой речи - нужно ли дублировать кавычки" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20539" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20536" CreationDate="2019-09-16T21:49:18.643" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder if there is a generic verb for &amp;quot;to get something&amp;quot; without specifying that you bought it, or someone gave it, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not a native speaker, but I think that the expression &lt;strong&gt;у меня появился Х&lt;/strong&gt; is more or less what you are looking for. Here are some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня появился ноутбук. (I got a laptop.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня появился острый нож. (I got a sharp knife.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня появились навыки игры в рэндзю. (I got renju skills.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня появилась проблема. (I got a problem.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In all these example sentences, it is not specified how I got what I got. For example, I may have bought the laptop or may have been given the laptop by someone for free. The only information is that I did not have the laptop and now have it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, you should be careful because the expression &lt;strong&gt;у меня появился&lt;/strong&gt; would sound unnatural in some contexts. For example, imagine you go to an exam, get an A grade, and call your parents to say you got an A grade. In this situation, the natural way is to say &lt;strong&gt;я получила пятерку&lt;/strong&gt;, not &lt;strong&gt;у меня появилась пятерка&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Below are some other phrases that are close to &lt;strong&gt;I got X&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мне дали Х. (I was given X.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мне достался Х. (I ended up having X, in the end of a process of distributing something or fighting for something.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Теперь у меня есть Х. (Now I have X.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я достала Х. (I managed to acquire X.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я заимела Х. (I came to own X.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я приобрела Х. (I got X as a result of a certain action of mine.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All such expressions have their own undertones or flavors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a general remark, the Russian language is very rich lexically, so I would advise to always strive to find situation-tailored lexical solutions rather than to resort to generic expressions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-09-16T22:11:33.117" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20536" CreationDate="2019-09-16T22:27:50.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd translate &quot;I just got Netflix&quot; as &quot;Я только что подключился к нетфликсу.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a larger point here that the verb &quot;get&quot; (and much of language in general) is highly idiomatic and difficult to summarize with hard and fast rules. I'd recommend just absorbing as much native material as possible, and as a result intuiting what to use when, instead of spending a lot of energy on trying to logically map everything out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12518" LastActivityDate="2019-09-16T22:27:50.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20541" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20538" CreationDate="2019-09-17T09:55:03.257" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я не совсем уверен, насколько свод сложившихся практик правописания, связанных с вложенными кавычками можно назвать правилами, но устоявшиеся практики следующие:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если есть возможность добавить визуально другие кавычки, их можно вкладывать - в вашем случае, например, можно написать так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Знаю я ваше «быстро!»&quot;, — сказал Барбос.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если же такой возможности нет (например, нет такой литеры в типографском наборе или данный компьютерный шрифт имеет только один вид кавычек), то можно использовать те же самые кавычки но только в случае если они не следуют подряд, то есть так вот нельзя:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Знаю я ваше &quot;быстро!&quot;&quot;, — сказал Барбос.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этом случае вместо двух кавычек обычно пишется одна:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Знаю я ваше &quot;быстро!&quot; — сказал Барбос.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ещё я вот что хочу заметить - я привёл примеры намеренно усечённые, потому что, строго говоря, в вашем случае кавычки в принципе не нужны, у Розенталя читаем:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если на месте «разрыва» прямой речи словами автора должна была бы&#xA;  стоять точка, то перед этими словами ставятся запятая и тире, а после&#xA;  них — точка и тире, причем вторая часть прямой речи пишется с&#xA;  прописной буквы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В вашем случае, стало быть, будет так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Знаю я ваше &quot;быстро!&quot;, — сказал Барбос. — Уехали на день, а пропали на неделю&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(обращаю ваше внимание, что не только кавычек не нужно, но и двоеточия тоже, вместо него - точка с тире).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну и, наконец, самое последнее, лично я бы не ставил вокруг быстро кавычек совсем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-17T10:08:25.940" LastActivityDate="2019-09-17T10:08:25.940" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20543" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20544" CreationDate="2019-09-17T12:52:51.577" Score="1" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am translating a mail from English to Russian and the mail has a word 'Loves' as a part of the signature:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;...letter text&#xA;&#xA;Loves&#xA;&#xA;Ben&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Ben is the sender's name). What my friend mean with this word? Does he say he loves the addressees or does he wish them love?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A bit of clarification: The letter is absolutely informal, it is from the mailing list in a game and is addressed to a group of players. And the the contents of the letter are completely unrelated to love in any form :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would you translate that: &quot;С люовью&quot;, &quot;Люблю&quot; or &quot;Любви&quot; or something else?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was trying to find the answer with Google and Yandex but it seems to be a bit of specific and narrow so I just drowned in tips on how to sign letters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Please sorry my poor English&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12538" LastActivityDate="2019-09-20T11:24:02.887" Title="Translate 'Loves' at the end of a letter" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20543" CreationDate="2019-09-17T13:02:09.890" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;С любовью&quot; sounds like the best option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2019-09-17T13:02:09.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20538" CreationDate="2019-09-17T13:37:40.440" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Знаю я ваше &quot;быстро&quot;! — сказал Барбос. — Уехали на день, а пропали на неделю».&#xA;Розенталь §135, 121.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-09-17T13:37:40.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20546" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20543" CreationDate="2019-09-17T18:53:47.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Будь то &quot;love&quot; или &quot;loves&quot;, скорее всего, имеется в виду что-то вроде &quot;целую&quot; или &quot;обнимаю, целую&quot;. &#xA;Тепла примерно столько же, сколько в письмах между родственниками.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2019-09-17T18:53:47.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20547" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20548" CreationDate="2019-09-18T05:12:15.683" Score="4" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;p&gt;This question is not about grammar or syntax, but about historical toponymy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1815 an employee of the Russian-American Company was taken prisoner in Spanish California. An interpreter from a passing ship, who I believe spoke English, obtained this detail:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;His name is Boris Tarasof [Tarasov], sailor, Russian from Nofgorec [Novgorod].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The translation and interpretations are due to Michael Mathes, compiler of the book &quot;The Russian-Mexican Frontier&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are two big Novgorods: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Veliky Novgorod&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nizhny Novgorod&lt;/a&gt;. Both were centuries old when Tarasov was born. Is there any reason to conclude that he meant one or the other when he gave this name?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8359" LastEditorUserId="8359" LastEditDate="2019-09-18T18:42:27.287" LastActivityDate="2019-09-18T18:42:27.287" Title="Was &quot;Novgorod&quot; in 1815 one city or the other?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;toponyms&gt;&lt;places&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20547" CreationDate="2019-09-18T07:42:05.190" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Novgorod by default&quot; is Veliky Novgorod. It's an original &quot;Novgorod&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what exactly translator ment  hard to figure out. There is  village of &lt;a href=&quot;https://goo.gl/maps/vtmXzxQHxizJ2Vyy9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Новогородец&lt;/a&gt;, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-09-18T07:42:05.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20549" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20536" CreationDate="2019-09-18T08:11:38.177" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;У меня появилось что-то&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;У меня появился что-то&amp;quot; is grammatically incorrect) is the closest meaning to &amp;quot;I got.&amp;quot; It means that I acquired something without specifying how it happened. In that example with Netflix, the girl just didn't draw attention to how exactly she got the Netflix account. She just wanted to say that now she has Netflix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Приобретать&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is somewhat formal in Russian. It's an &amp;quot;offical term&amp;quot; of getting ownership on something, like  &amp;quot;acquire&amp;quot; is in English. But it still can be used in everyday speech. Usually it appears in common speech when one is talking about major acquisitions. For example, &amp;quot;Я приобрёл себе автомобиль,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Я собираюсь приобрести квартиру в Питере.&amp;quot; But &amp;quot;Я приобрёл кулёк семечек на рынке&amp;quot; would be appropriate only in a police report.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You are right about &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;получить&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot;  But if you got Netflix through some marketing effort or sales strategy (like an offer that comes with an official DVD), you can say &amp;quot;я получил Netflix с официальным DVD.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2020-12-23T09:14:52.020" LastActivityDate="2020-12-23T09:14:52.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20517" CreationDate="2019-09-18T11:58:29.563" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Буква Щ и сочетания согласных &lt;code&gt;шч&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;жч&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;code&gt;сч&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;зч&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;стч&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;здч&lt;/code&gt; обозначают один и тот же звук [щ’].  Такая множественность обозначения звука  создает трудности при написании слов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для правильного написания непроизносимых согласных  необходимо анализировать состав слова:  буква &lt;code&gt;щ&lt;/code&gt; пишется, если &lt;code&gt;щ&lt;/code&gt; является частью или корня, или приставки, а сочетания  согласных — на стыке приставки и корня или корня и суффикса.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;буква &lt;code&gt;ч&lt;/code&gt; входит в состав суффиксов, которые начинаются с ч (-чик-, -чат-, -чин-, -чив-), а буквосочетания &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;з&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;зд&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;c&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ст&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt; относятся к корню:  бру&lt;strong&gt;с-ч&lt;/strong&gt;атый (брус), звё&lt;strong&gt;зд-ч&lt;/strong&gt;атый (звезда),  перебе&lt;strong&gt;ж-ч&lt;/strong&gt;ик (перебежать), перево&lt;strong&gt;з-ч&lt;/strong&gt;ик (перевозить) , разно&lt;strong&gt;с-ч&lt;/strong&gt;ик (разносить) , объе&lt;strong&gt;зд-ч&lt;/strong&gt;ик (объезжать), привяЗ-Чивый (привязать), &lt;strong&gt;мужчина (муж)&lt;/strong&gt;, изво&lt;strong&gt;зч&lt;/strong&gt;ик, расска&lt;strong&gt;зч&lt;/strong&gt;ик, подпи&lt;strong&gt;сч&lt;/strong&gt;ик;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Больше информации &lt;a href=&quot;http://tutrus.com/fonetika/napisanie-slov-pri-poyavlenii-zvuka-shh&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;здесь&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12472" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-18T13:44:07.433" LastActivityDate="2019-09-18T13:44:07.433" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20551" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-19T14:04:26.293" Score="4" ViewCount="640" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you recognize masculine and feminine and neuter words on Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12545" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-19T15:22:44.090" LastActivityDate="2020-03-16T15:00:04.160" Title="Rules for classifying grammatical gender in Russian" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20552" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20551" CreationDate="2019-09-19T14:34:30.930" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most nouns ending in -а or -я are feminine: мама, тётя, душа, Мария. Although quite a few such words are masculine: папа, дядя, Юра, юноша. Some can be either masculine or feminine: ябеда, соня, Саша, Женя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most nouns ending in -о, -е or -ё are neuter: молоко, поле, копьё, Домодедово, пальто, ателье.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most nouns ending in a hard consonant or -й are masculine: стол, мяч, Пётр, кристалл, герой, литий, Сергей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nouns ending in -ь (the soft sign) can be either masculine конь, путь, царь or feminine: любовь, ночь, Сибирь. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/14641/2104&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt; on how to tell them apart. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Foreign names and recent loanwords may not follow these rules. E.g. мисс ('Miss') is expectedly  feminine and месье ('Monsieur') is masculine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-03-16T15:00:04.160" LastActivityDate="2020-03-16T15:00:04.160" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20551" CreationDate="2019-09-19T22:46:19.957" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;To my knowledge just about the only absolute rule is &quot;If it ends in a hard consonant, it's masculine.&quot; (Note: this is not the same thing as &quot;If it is masculine, it ends in a hard consonant.&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other rules are &lt;em&gt;almost&lt;/em&gt; always true. So words ending in а/я are feminine, except for masculine nouns like мужчина, plurals like дома, and super exceptions like дитя which is neuter!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nouns ending in -ь are also feminine, except for nouns like путь which are masculine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nouns ending in -о/е/ё are neuter, except for кофе which is also masculine!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12518" LastActivityDate="2019-09-19T22:46:19.957" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20551" CreationDate="2019-09-20T06:57:13.783" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is such a thing as 3 (and a half) types of declension of nouns. This is more important for words matching. And this declensions a) defined by words endings b) apply some restriction to gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When russian eye sees the word &quot;хрень&quot; - it is 3rd declension and thus it can be only a femine gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When russian eye sees the word &quot;кофе&quot;  - it is 1st declension and since it ending with &quot;-e&quot; (&quot;soft vowel&quot;) it can only be of neutral gender (but was pushed to be male by academics, and it created a mess. Now it can be of both genders)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the word has some ambigiouse ending , like &quot;чупута&quot; (its just set of letters), wich is 2nd declension and can be both femine and male gender - it can be used as both : &quot;Чупута убежал&quot;, &quot;Чупута ушла&quot; - both phrases sound as correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One main thing englishspeaker should keep in mind that gender and &quot;soulfullness&quot; are separate and independent concepts in Russian. &quot;Neutral gender&quot; is not &quot;it&quot;, it means &quot;no gender applies&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of cause, native speakers do not &quot;calculate&quot; declensions, they just &quot;feel&quot; them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastEditorUserId="11885" LastEditDate="2019-09-20T07:14:38.917" LastActivityDate="2019-09-20T07:14:38.917" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20543" CreationDate="2019-09-20T11:24:02.887" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It entirely depends on the nature of the letter. There is every chance it is rather informal, so the best translation, in my opinion, would be &lt;em&gt;&quot;люблю тебя&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (&lt;em&gt;вас,&lt;/em&gt; if addressed to more than one person)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4629" LastActivityDate="2019-09-20T11:24:02.887" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20557" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-21T12:31:12.910" Score="1" ViewCount="182" Body="&lt;p&gt;I got to learn that the word Попутчик means &quot;fellow traveller&quot;  (underlying a short piece of journey shared among two travellers). I was wondering what the female gender looks like, singular and plural. For example, if Попутчик is one fellow traveller and Попутчики are two or more of them, how can I express the same for the female case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12559" LastEditorUserId="12559" LastEditDate="2019-09-21T15:16:57.597" LastActivityDate="2019-09-21T15:16:57.597" Title="Plural female gender of «Попутчик»" Tags="&lt;множественное-число&gt;&lt;суффиксы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20557" CreationDate="2019-09-21T12:39:09.213" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;попутчица&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in single and &lt;code&gt;попутчицы&lt;/code&gt; in plural. More general, &lt;code&gt;-чик&lt;/code&gt; has correspondence &lt;code&gt;-чица&lt;/code&gt;. Be warned however, that it's not always an equally used feminine form and there's ongoing discussion to what extent we should use feminitives (see also &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/19572/succinct-and-gender-neutral-russian-word-for-writer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; question) in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-21T12:44:51.310" LastActivityDate="2019-09-21T12:44:51.310" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20559" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20560" CreationDate="2019-09-21T17:37:25.403" Score="5" ViewCount="538" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just read an article about Russian students in Russian newspaper &lt;em&gt;Комсомольская правда&lt;/em&gt; and saw the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Каждый студент хоть раз в своей жизни слышал это заветное слово - Халява. Что же оно означает? Халява - это некое студенческое божество, позволяющее успешно сдать экзамен, даже если на обилие знаний в голове рассчитывать не приходится. С вызовом Халявы связано великое множество различных ритуалов. Самый известный из них и получивший наибольшее распространение в студенческой среде ритуал выглядит следующим образом:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надо в ночь перед экзаменом ровно в 12 часов выглянуть в открытую форточку и произнести три раза незамысловатую фразу: «Халява, приди!». При этом в руках следует держать зачетку, развернутую на той странице, где на экзамене должен будет расписаться преподаватель.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.spb.kp.ru/daily/26012.2/2935272&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being intrigued by the mention of Goddess Khalyava, I made a search on the Internet and found confirmations of existence of the belief about her, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Халява — студенческая богиня, к которой обречённые люди взывают накануне экзамена, вместо того чтобы познавать матан. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.to/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I got very much intrigued by this. I know that the Russian word &lt;strong&gt;халява&lt;/strong&gt; means a freebie, but I see no logical connection to students and exams. Exams are measurements to measure the level of knowledge of each student, and each student gets the grade he deserves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could you explain the mythology and etymology associated with Goddess Khalyava? I am especially curious as to exactly what the students are hoping for when they call Khalyava. Are they hoping the goddess will tell them, during the exam, something they don't know?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-11-08T06:01:15.387" Title="Who is Goddess Khalyava?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20560" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20559" CreationDate="2019-09-21T18:04:02.447" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Getting a good mark at an exam is the dream of every student, especially if the student didn't study anything during the past semester. &lt;em&gt;Халява&lt;/em&gt; is getting something for nothing, freebie, so it's natural that students evoke &lt;em&gt;Халява&lt;/em&gt; as a goddess. Since the word is a slang one, the etymology is obscure, as always.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Different etymologies have been proposed, like &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.igumo.ru/jurnalistika/studencheskaya-gazeta/arkhiv/vypusk-4-7-dekabr-2009/eto-strannoe-slovo-khalyava/?vers=on&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;these&lt;/a&gt;, from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.igumo.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;official site&lt;/a&gt; of &lt;em&gt;ИГУМО&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Института гуманитарного образования&#xA;и информационных технологий&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По наиболее распространенной версии, происходит оно от еврейского «халев» — «молоко». В еврейских общинах издревле существовал обычай по пятницам раздавать молоко неимущим. И когда-то в Одессе местные бедняки также могли бесплатно получить молоко. Его привозили с криками «халяву привезли». Отсюда в дальнейшем и вошло в русский язык выражение «получить на халяву», то есть, не тратя абсолютно никаких усилий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Согласно Словарю живого великорусского языка Владимира Даля, халява — сапожное голенище. По этой версии считается, что польские солдаты, в том числе служившие или воевавшие в России, «брали на голенища», то есть закладывали в сапоги мелкие подарки, еду или просто то, что можно было взять бесплатно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С этим же связано и другое предположение: сапожное голенище — халяву распарывали ножницами. Эта работа считалась самой примитивной, отсюда и лёгкое обогащение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У Даля находим ещё одно толкование: халява — это раздутое в пузырь стекло. То, что первично получается из пузыря, и есть халява, то есть сосуд без формы. В этом смысле её можно понимать как недоделку или халтуру.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-09-21T18:04:02.447" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20561" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-22T01:28:20.230" Score="2" ViewCount="46" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt; normally sounds like a &lt;code&gt;g&lt;/code&gt;, such as где. Sometimes though it can sound like a &lt;code&gt;v&lt;/code&gt;, such as нового.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I tell which one is the correct one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12561" LastActivityDate="2019-09-22T01:28:20.230" Title="How do I tell if a 'г' sounds like a 'g' or a 'v'" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2019-09-22T09:23:30.200" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20562" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20564" CreationDate="2019-09-22T11:33:41.403" Score="6" ViewCount="641" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read in Wiktionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чорт&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This spelling of the word was officially abolished in 1956 in favor of чёрт and is no longer in use. Both variants are pronounced identically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see in Ngram Google Books that it was indeed common before 1956 to write &lt;strong&gt;чорт&lt;/strong&gt; in books.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chort&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;says&lt;/a&gt; that in Belorussian and Ukrainian, this word is still spelt as &lt;strong&gt;чорт&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The new spelling, &lt;strong&gt;чёрт&lt;/strong&gt;, has a disadvantage: if the dots over &lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; are omitted as usual, the word becomes indistinguishable in writing from the plural genitive of the Russian word &lt;strong&gt;черта&lt;/strong&gt; (line, trait, feature).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What was the motivation to officially abolish the spelling &lt;strong&gt;чорт&lt;/strong&gt; in favor of &lt;strong&gt;чёрт&lt;/strong&gt; in 1956? Could it be that someone superstitious wanted to save Russians from explicitly referring to devils and thought that replacing &lt;strong&gt;o&lt;/strong&gt; by &lt;strong&gt;ё/e&lt;/strong&gt; would do the trick to keep black powers at bay?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-09-24T20:17:49.120" Title="Why was it decided in 1956 to abolish the spelling чорт (devil) in favor of чёрт?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20563" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20536" CreationDate="2019-09-22T12:37:20.290" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In conversational Russian, a very informal word &quot;перепало&quot; is used. E.g.,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мэрии выделили землю под дачи. Лучшие участки пошли начальству, но что-то перепало и рядовым работникам.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not always but oft, it bears a slight sarcastic connotation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вчера в кабаке пережрались, опрокинули чей-то стол, затеяли драку. Вовик, бедняга, зуба лишился. Перепало и мне, еле ноги унёс.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, &quot;пережрались&quot; is a very conversational term for &quot;overconsumed booze&quot; ,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;while &quot;перепало и мне&quot; means: &quot;I also got some beating&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-09-22T12:37:20.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20562" CreationDate="2019-09-22T14:14:16.043" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before the standardization both forms, &lt;code&gt;черт&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;чёрт&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;чорт&lt;/code&gt; were in actual use, like we see from this google ngram chart:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aXmoG.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/aXmoG.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Strictly speaking, we should sort out черт derived from &lt;code&gt;черта&lt;/code&gt; but this won't change the very fact that both form co-existed.) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian grammar there's a concept called &lt;code&gt;проверочные слова&lt;/code&gt; - in short it's about existence of words that are pronounced and/or spelled in such way that we justify the spelling of some other word. When it comes to &lt;code&gt;чёрт&lt;/code&gt;, the one form has been chosen over another and the actual reason was that there's a lot of words with &lt;code&gt;черт&lt;/code&gt; (но &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt;) - &lt;code&gt;чертовской&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;чертяка&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;чертыхаться&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;чертёнок&lt;/code&gt; and choosing &lt;code&gt;чёрт&lt;/code&gt; was a very natural and intuitive thing to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With &lt;code&gt;чопорный&lt;/code&gt; we do not have any similar situation, basically it's only &lt;code&gt;чопорный&lt;/code&gt; so it was left the way it is (well, in Russian it used to be words like &lt;code&gt;чепори́ться&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;чепу́ри́ться&lt;/code&gt; but they are obsolete). As of &lt;code&gt;чокнутый&lt;/code&gt; by the way people quite often misspell is a &lt;code&gt;чёкнутый&lt;/code&gt; and that usage in its turn lead to the existence of word &lt;code&gt;чекану́тый&lt;/code&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, just like always I want to insist that it's more an issue of memoization than anything else. For instance, there is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D1%91%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;чёрствый&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;/a&gt; not &lt;code&gt;чорствый&lt;/code&gt; and one just should learn it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-22T16:02:42.017" LastActivityDate="2019-09-22T16:02:42.017" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20565" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20566" CreationDate="2019-09-22T23:12:28.830" Score="7" ViewCount="1514" Body="&lt;p&gt;Конкретные примеры: &quot;Хиросима&quot;, &quot;Кагосима&quot;, &quot;Сикоку&quot;. На Википедии даже в произношении показывает с, хотя в японском используется звук 'щ'? (Возможно спорить про ш или щ, но щ намного ближе к действительности, по-моему)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Откуда появился такой стандарт перевода?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12567" LastActivityDate="2021-01-20T12:06:39.607" Title="Почему в русском языке японские названия переведены с 'си' там, где в японском 'ши' или 'щи'" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20566" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20565" CreationDate="2019-09-23T00:29:02.687" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вы же понимаете, что собственные имена не &lt;em&gt;переводят&lt;/em&gt;, их либо &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;транскрибируют&lt;/a&gt;, либо &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;транслитерируют&lt;/a&gt;. В случае японского языка речь идёт как раз о &lt;em&gt;транслитерации&lt;/em&gt;, а именно, транслитерации русскими буквами того, как японские собственные имёна записываются японской слоговой азбукой &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;кана&lt;/a&gt;. Иными словами, русскими буквами передаются не японские &lt;em&gt;звуки&lt;/em&gt; этих имён, а японские «&lt;em&gt;буквы&lt;/em&gt;» (силабограммы), которыми эти имена пишутся в японском языке. Японская фонетика значительно отличается от русской, так что если бы мы пытались точно записать именно &lt;em&gt;звуки&lt;/em&gt;, то русских букв бы явно не хватило и пришлось бы создавать громоздкую фонетичскую транскрипцию на основе русских букв, которую каждому пришлось бы специально изучать. Поэтому был выбран более простой путь — транслитерация. Немного не точная передача японских звуков, зато каждый может прочитать, не нужно вводить дополнительные специальные буквы, не требуется специального обучения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Современный стандарт транслитерации японского русскими буквами – это так называемая &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;система Поливанова&lt;/a&gt;, разработанная российским востоковедом Евгением Дмитриевичем Поливановым в 1917 году.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Должен обратить ваше внимание, что как ни крути, ни одна из русских букв не передаёт японский звук [ɕ] «лучше», чем другая: &amp;lt;с&gt; это [s], &amp;lt;ш&gt; это [ʂ]. Но вот &amp;lt;щ&gt; — это [ɕː], и он ничем не лучше двух предыдущих, так как он долгий, а японский [ɕ] — краткий. Японский звук [ɕ] (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;описание и аудио&lt;/a&gt;) – это именно тот, что в заголовке вопроса. К вашему сведению, «Сикоку», 四国, произносится [ɕiko̞kɯ̟ᵝ], то есть в нём нет не только &amp;lt;с&gt; или &amp;lt;щ&gt;, но нет и &amp;lt;у&gt; (в японском &amp;lt;у&gt; вообще нет).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И заметьте, «Хиросима», «Кагосима», «Сикоку» — это &lt;em&gt;русские&lt;/em&gt; слова, хоть и японского происхождения, следовательно в них не может быть никаких иных звуков, кроме как русских. Точно так же как &lt;em&gt;Paris&lt;/em&gt;, который по-французски называется «Пари», на русском – Париж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-12-17T17:59:47.377" LastActivityDate="2019-12-17T17:59:47.377" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20567" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20568" CreationDate="2019-09-23T02:19:29.897" Score="0" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;В чем разница между словами &lt;strong&gt;класть&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;поставить&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2019-09-23T05:02:19.563" LastActivityDate="2019-09-23T05:02:19.563" Title="Поставить vs класть" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20568" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20567" CreationDate="2019-09-23T04:56:15.663" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Класть (что делать?) -- глагол несовершенного вида, после этого действия предмет лежит. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не кладите ручку и карандаш в карман.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поставить (что сделать?) --глагол совершенного вида, после этого действия предметы стоят.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Поставь стакан на стол, пока не разбил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-09-23T04:56:15.663" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20569" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20565" CreationDate="2019-09-23T07:19:53.077" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;В дополнение к ответу YellowSky приведу цитату из книги лингвиста &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.koob.pro/alpatov_v&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;В.М.Алпатова&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.e-reading.club/book.php?book=136744&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Япония: язык и культура&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; (кстати, книгу рекомендую всем, кто интересуется Японией):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;..Следует учитывать и то, что среди разных видов латиницы, безусловно, и&#xA;в Японии, и вне ее господствует самый традиционный. Это появившаяся&#xA;еще в XIX в. так называемая латиница Xэпбёрна, ее автор, миссионер,&#xA;был одним из первых американцев, изучивших японский язык. Она имеет&#xA;много недостатков (прежде всего, она недостаточно научна) и всего одно&#xA;достоинство: она хорошо &lt;strong&gt;соответствует звуковым представлениям&#xA;носителей английского, но не русского и, главное, не японского языка&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И в русском, и в японском языке очень развито противопоставление&#xA;твердых и мягких согласных, которого нет в английском языке.&#xA;Американцы и англичане воспринимают японские мягкие с', т\ дз' как ш,&#xA;ч, дж (графически sh, ch, j), а прочие мягкие -- как сочетания с йотом:&#xA;скажем, слог k'a воспринимается как kya.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отметим, что русская&#xA;кириллическая &lt;strong&gt;транскрипция, разработанная Е. Д. Поливановым, основана&#xA;на иных, более научных принципах&lt;/strong&gt;, и поэтому русские написания вроде&#xA;суши, Хитачи, а не суси, Хитати показывают, что эти слова взяты либо&#xA;из японских текстов на латинице, либо (что во много раз вероятнее) из&#xA;английского, а не японского языка. Еще в БЯРС (2, 165) и как японское&#xA;слово, и как его русский эквивалент дается не суши, а суси, но сейчас&#xA;так, кажется, говорят только профессиональные японисты. С этим трудно&#xA;бороться, если английский язык известен в России намного лучше&#xA;японского. ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-09-23T07:32:14.767" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20572" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20573" CreationDate="2019-09-23T17:04:41.953" Score="11" ViewCount="1989" Body="&lt;p&gt;In physics we would in English use the terms &lt;em&gt;speed&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;velocity&lt;/em&gt; differently: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speed&lt;/strong&gt; is a number (magnitude).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Velocity&lt;/strong&gt; is a vector (magnitude and direction).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English this is traditional &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/difference-between-speed-and-velocity.650579/#post-4164291&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;from more than a hundred years ago&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the case in several languages as well, such as the Nordic ones (&lt;em&gt;fart&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;hastighed/t&lt;/em&gt;) as well as French (&lt;em&gt;vitesse&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;vélocité&lt;/em&gt;) and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.educaplus.org/movi/2_5velocidad.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Spanish&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;em&gt;rapidez&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;velocidad&lt;/em&gt;). It turns out to not be the case in &lt;a href=&quot;https://german.stackexchange.com/questions/32366/speed-and-velocity-in-german&quot;&gt;German&lt;/a&gt; (they have only one: &lt;em&gt;Geschwindigkeit&lt;/em&gt;) and I heard something about Russian as well, which might only have one word for both: &lt;em&gt;скорость&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone confirm this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am writing about the origin of these technical terms, and am doing this research to have a proper understanding on their use across languages/cultures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12573" LastActivityDate="2019-10-16T13:13:38.240" Title="Speed and Velocity in Russian" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20572" CreationDate="2019-09-23T17:30:37.207" Score="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian word &lt;strong&gt;скорость&lt;/strong&gt; is used for both speed and velocity. If you need to be more specific, use &lt;strong&gt;вектор скорости&lt;/strong&gt; ('the vector of speed' or velocity) or &lt;strong&gt;модуль/величина вектора скорости&lt;/strong&gt; ('the modulus/magnitude of the vector of speed').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To quote the Russian Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Скорость&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ско́рость&lt;/strong&gt; — &lt;em&gt;векторная физическая величина&lt;/em&gt;, характеризующая быстроту перемещения и направление движения материальной точки относительно выбранной системы отсчёта; по определению, равна производной радиус-вектора точки по времени. &lt;em&gt;Этим же словом называют и скалярную величину&lt;/em&gt; — либо модуль вектора скорости, либо алгебраическую скорость точки, то есть проекцию этого вектора на касательную к траектории точки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Speed&lt;/strong&gt; is a &lt;em&gt;vector physical quantity&lt;/em&gt; denoting the rate of movement of a point particle with respect to a frame of reference; by definition, it equals the derivative of the point's position vector over time. &lt;em&gt;The same word is used to refer to a scalar quantity&lt;/em&gt;: either the modulus of the speed vector or the algebraic speed of the particle, i.e. the projection of this vector on the tangent of the particle's trajectory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Italics supplied)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-10-04T10:53:22.757" LastActivityDate="2019-10-04T10:53:22.757" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20574" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20572" CreationDate="2019-09-23T17:39:44.467" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, there are no different words for speed and velocity in Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can use the noun &lt;em&gt;скорость&lt;/em&gt; to describe speed as a scalar quantity. &lt;em&gt;Скорость машины высокая&lt;/em&gt; - a car is moving fast (literally: the speed of a car is high), but the direction does not matter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In physics &lt;em&gt;скорость движения&lt;/em&gt; (velocity of movement) is often used, where it is considered as a vector.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This at least proves that there is a word that works in both cases. I'm just a student, not (yet) at native level :) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8961" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-09-24T07:45:26.520" LastActivityDate="2019-09-24T07:45:26.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20575" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-23T18:01:00.597" Score="3" ViewCount="1532" Body="&lt;p&gt;Предположим, у меня есть купюра в 123'456'789 зимбабвийских долларов (не хочу предполагать это с рублями). Как её корректно назвать? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В правилах обычно указывают, что писать такие числительные нужно слитно и приводят короткие примеры, такие, как десятидолларовая. А как быть, если требуется образовать подобные сложносоставные прилагательные? Самый длинный пример, что я нашёл, это &quot;тысячадевятьсотвосьмидесятидевятимиллиметровый&quot;, и он не из статьи по правописанию. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В &lt;a href=&quot;http://lingvotech.com/slitnoe_i_razdelnoe_napisanie_imen_chislitelnih&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;статьях по правописанию&lt;/a&gt; пишут следующее: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Составные  числительные необходимо отличать от сложных прилагательных,&#xA;  образованных на основе существительного и числительного; такие&#xA;  прилагательные пишут­ся слитно. Ср.: двадцать пять лет —&#xA;  двадцатипятилет­ний, тридцать три дня — тридцатитрёхдневный.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но на тему словообразования длинных числительных всё равно остаётся пробел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если рассуждать логически, то нам нужно взять числительное в родительном падеже, то есть, в нашем случае, &quot;ста двадцати трёх миллионов четырёхсот пятидесяти шести тысяч семисот восьмидесяти девяти&quot; и написать всё слитно, вместе с &quot;долларовая&quot;. Или всё таки правильно будет миллионы и тысячи написать отдельно и добавить через пробел &quot;семисотвосьмидесятидевятидолларовая&quot;?&#xA;Получаются два варианта, какой правильный?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;стадвадцатитрёхмиллионовчетырёхсотпятидесятишеститысячсемисотвосьмидесятидевятидолларовая&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ста двадцати трёх миллионов четырёхсот пятидесяти шести тысяч семисотвосьмидесятидевятидолларовая&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По поводу родительного падежа тоже неясно, потому что считается правильным &quot;стопудовый&quot;, но не &quot;стапудовый&quot;. Существует ли вообще полное описание проблемы?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4676" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-24T19:42:10.730" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T22:45:53.063" Title="Написание прилагательных, включающих в свой состав числительные" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20575" CreationDate="2019-09-23T18:46:32.630" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Язык - это вероятностное пространство, где произнесённые или напечатанные фразы - это случайные события, причём неравновероятные. Это значит, что есть такие слова и выражения, которые можно услышать чаще, есть которые реже, есть и такие, которые на практике точно не встретишь, а встретишь только в искусственно построенных примерах. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Орфография языка не заточена под такие умозрительные примеры. Да, по правилам стадвадцатитрёхмиллионовчетырёхсотпятидесятишеститысячсемисотвосьмидесятидевятидолларова купюра (орфография сохранена - я тут о том, что слитно), ну, собственно, и что? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нет такой купюры, и никто так не пишет. &#xA;Ваш вопрос сродни вопросу - вот есть прадедушка. А как же назвать предка, жившего 1000 лет назад: Прапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрапрадедушка что ли? Ха-ха! Хи-хи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что же касается почему &quot;стадолларовая&quot; - так это вы просто ошиблись, пишется &quot;стодолларовая&quot; - вот поэтому и &quot;стопудовый&quot;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-24T17:27:53.013" LastActivityDate="2019-09-24T17:27:53.013" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20577" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20575" CreationDate="2019-09-23T19:25:51.290" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильный вариант:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;сто двадцать три миллиона четыреста пятьдесят шесть тысяч семисотвосьмидесятидевятидолларовая купюра&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По аналогии с порядковыми числительными:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1,100,000 - один миллион стотысячный&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;1,100,000,000 - один миллиард стомиллионный&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Просто заменяем -тысячный, -миллионный на -долларовый.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Девяносто&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;сто&lt;/strong&gt; не склоняются, когда пишутся слитно: стодолларовый, девяностолетний. Это исключение есть почти во всех статьях о правописании порядковых числительных.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-09-23T19:42:52.997" LastActivityDate="2019-09-23T19:42:52.997" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20565" CreationDate="2019-09-23T23:03:07.527" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;К сожалению у русских больная тяга к транслитерации из-за чего в России Hideo Kojima зовут Кодзима вместо Коджима, а у меня в загран. паспорте вместо Yaroslav(Ярослав), написано Iaroslav, а Alexander(Александр) стал Aleksandr и т.д...&#xA;Этот вопрос очень большая проблема связанная, как мне кажется с невежеством. В прочем я могу ошибаться и в английском есть Godzilla, который Dojira, хотя это не столько имя, сколько интертеймент бренд, а бренды локализуют.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12576" LastEditorUserId="12576" LastEditDate="2019-09-23T23:30:26.290" LastActivityDate="2019-09-23T23:30:26.290" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20579" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20580" CreationDate="2019-09-24T07:22:53.097" Score="3" ViewCount="290" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На детской площадке запрещается:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пользоваться детским оборудованием лицам старше 16 лет и более 70 кг&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;https://mega.ru/shops/7995/dybenko&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;May I use the playground equipment if the above rule is to be interpreted formally as written? I am older than 16, but below 70 kG.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T21:25:03.357" Title="&quot;Лицам старше 16 лет и более 70 кг&quot; - тут логическое &quot;и&quot; или &quot;или&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20580" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20579" CreationDate="2019-09-24T07:43:00.300" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Semantically it's ambiguous, but logically if it was just a weight restriction why would they mention the age? So it seems to me to be 2 separate restrictions, although to avoid confusion it would be better phrased with или. Старше 16 лет или более 70кг.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2019-09-24T07:43:00.300" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20581" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20594" CreationDate="2019-09-24T09:29:37.240" Score="12" ViewCount="5158" Body="&lt;p&gt;I noticed that Russians sometimes incorrectly spell &lt;strong&gt;жирный&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;жырный&lt;/strong&gt;, even despite that the rule &amp;quot;spell &lt;strong&gt;жи&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;ши&lt;/strong&gt; with &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is one of the most basic Russian orthography rules. I also see that Google gives a large &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&amp;amp;nfpr=1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;heap&lt;/a&gt; of results for &lt;strong&gt;жырный&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Apparently it is often an intent rather than ignorance, as people often make the letter &lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt; capital:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хороший официант, прохладная веранда, остальное - жЫрный минус! (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tripadvisor.ru/ShowUserReviews-g294448-d6403122-r386325707-Oliver_Cafe-Minsk.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нашу сеть муж назвал просто «Коля, купи свой Wi-Fi». Это был жЫрный намек соседу — другу детства и редкому халявщику. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://bash.im/quote/457832&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do Russians sometimes spell &lt;strong&gt;жирный&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;strong&gt;жырный&lt;/strong&gt;? In particular, I am curious what they mean to say by that, what the underlying logic of the meaning change is, and how the letter &lt;strong&gt;ы&lt;/strong&gt; changes the pronunciation of this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-10-03T14:24:42.497" Title="Why do Russians sometimes spell &quot;жирный&quot; (fatty) as &quot;жырный&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20581" CreationDate="2019-09-24T09:39:13.023" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you can see from your own question, Russians indeed do spell &lt;code&gt;жирный&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;жырный&lt;/code&gt; sometimes. It’s just that people sometimes tend to ignore strict orthography rules for convenience or fun — especially in “light-weight” e-message communication. In this particular case it’s more about fun. This intentionally illiterate spelling is a part of so-called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;“падонкаффский язык”&lt;/a&gt;. This phenomenon is pretty similar to why sometimes, for instance, “whore” is spelled as “hoe” in English. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of pronunciation — unlike in Ukrainian, in Russian &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt; are impossible in palatalized form. In fact, for a Russian speaker it’s quite difficult to pronounce &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt; softly, so the answer is — it always sounds as “жырный”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-10-01T18:05:34.300" LastActivityDate="2019-10-01T18:05:34.300" CommentCount="16" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20581" CreationDate="2019-09-24T14:13:08.523" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;(In addition to &lt;strong&gt;shabunc's&lt;/strong&gt; answer.)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aside of just fun, &lt;code&gt;жырный&lt;/code&gt; is used mostly when they want to stress that it's not just &quot;some bold X&quot; but an &lt;em&gt;extremely&lt;/em&gt; huge and/or explicit X.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g.:  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Жырный минус&lt;/code&gt; in your example is not just &quot;whatever bold minus&quot; but&#xA;an enormously stressed/big one, i.e. it's &lt;em&gt;the worst possible&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;assessment for &quot;the rest&quot; of the restaurant.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Жырный троллинг (или тролль)&lt;/code&gt; (another typical example) is not just an &quot;explicit trolling&quot;&#xA;but an extremely explicit/evident/cheesy/silly one.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often the same trick also used for &lt;code&gt;жир&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Ах какой экземпляр! Жыр так прямо и капает/сочится!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10327" LastEditorUserId="10327" LastEditDate="2019-09-24T14:49:04.383" LastActivityDate="2019-09-24T14:49:04.383" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20565" CreationDate="2019-09-24T17:59:24.973" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как уже сказано в других ответах, так пишется из-за транскрипции Поливанова. Она удобна и однозначна в учебных материалах. Студент, который читает &quot;хитати&quot;, понимает что имеется ввиду хи=ひ, та=た и ти=ち и что это надо произносить именно так как произносятся японские слоги, а не как русские буквы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему она используется за их пределами? Единственный ответ: &quot;так повелось&quot;. Никаких &quot;научных&quot; принципов использовать транслитерацию в &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;произношении&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно сколько угодно распинаться о единственно православном кунрее и ссылаться на Поливанова, забывая что мало того что он создал именно транслитерацию, т.е. метод записи, а не произношения, так он ещё и основывался на вполне определённом произношении всего одного из регионов и делал это более века назад. Но практика показывает, что японцы сами прекрасно осведомлены о неоднозначности слогов し и ち, которые далеки от &quot;си&quot; и &quot;ти&quot; и, поэтому в наше время всё чаще используют новые комбинации для передачи иностранных слов чтобы показать однозначное &quot;ти&quot; - в основном в катакане.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;realty = リアルティ&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;community = コミュニティ&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;safety - セーフティ&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;milk tea - ミルクティー&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Некоторые другие комбинации можно найти в Википедии:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_into_Japanese#Extended_katakana_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_into_Japanese#Extended_katakana_2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что следует использовать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если вы пишите учебный материал - Поливанова. Читатель знает что с этим написанием делать.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если используются давно заимствованные слова - традиционный вариант. Токё: или нинжя вряд ли кто сразу распознает по сравнению с уже привычным Токио или ниндзя. (NB! Токио, к слову, из ещё более ранней системы транскрипции - так же как и Киото или джиу-джитсу, но я что-то не замечаю чтобы кто-то топил за эту систему только на основании старости и традиционности, а вот про Поливанова &quot;так принято давно&quot; говорят постоянно.)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если новые слова или имена из новых произведений и, при этом они являются японскими, а не заимствованными - как удобнее и как слышно. Умный поливановец знает, что это транскрипция и возмущаться не будет, а возмущением неумных можно пренебречь.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="235" LastEditorUserId="235" LastEditDate="2019-09-24T19:04:17.767" LastActivityDate="2019-09-24T19:04:17.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20562" CreationDate="2019-09-24T20:03:59.970" Score="-2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What was the motivation to officially abolish the spelling &lt;strong&gt;чорт&lt;/strong&gt; in favor of &lt;strong&gt;чёрт&lt;/strong&gt; in 1956?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Definitely it was NOT officially abolished from the language. The official direction of language politics in USSR was to remove any occurence of &lt;strong&gt;Ё&lt;/strong&gt; letter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think &lt;strong&gt;чёрт&lt;/strong&gt; started to appear since 1900s years effectively pushing off old word &lt;strong&gt;чорт&lt;/strong&gt;. General sentiment was to disapprove the policy of Russian Csar Nikolai II, during his late terms or ruling. Right after he lost Russian-Japaneese war of 1905. Especially during his &quot;business engagements&quot; with Rasputin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4967" LastEditorUserId="4967" LastEditDate="2019-09-24T20:17:49.120" LastActivityDate="2019-09-24T20:17:49.120" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20587" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-24T20:08:57.390" Score="5" ViewCount="452" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to these &lt;a href=&quot;http://webhome.auburn.edu/~mitrege/russian/tutorials/0029.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;consonant assimilation rules&lt;/a&gt;, the letters г and к form a voiced/voiceless pair, and the final consonant in the cluster voices or devoices the preceding consonant. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If these rules apply, then shouldn't the 'г' in &quot;мягкий&quot; be assimilated into another 'к'? Why is it pronounced like an 'х' instead (&lt;code&gt;mʲæxʲkʲɪj&lt;/code&gt;)? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1729" LastEditorUserId="1729" LastEditDate="2019-09-24T20:46:52.240" LastActivityDate="2019-11-04T12:53:40.430" Title="Why is the 'г' in &quot;мягкий&quot; pronounced like a 'х'?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20588" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20587" CreationDate="2019-09-24T21:06:56.503" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because it is actually not a &lt;strong&gt;г---к&lt;/strong&gt; pair, but &lt;strong&gt;г---к,х&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мягкий [м'aхк'ий].&#xA;Лёгкий [л'охк'ий].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here ' equals soft sound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, while the rules prescript to obtain &lt;strong&gt;рюкзак [р'угзак]&lt;/strong&gt;, while you hear it actually pronounced you can hear little &quot;aftersound&quot; and after some training understand actual letter used. Because it actually sounds with some &lt;strong&gt;[к']&lt;/strong&gt; sound. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can actually find some people who will pronounce it in the version somewhat inclined to &lt;strong&gt;[р'укзак]&lt;/strong&gt;. This &lt;strong&gt;к&lt;/strong&gt; is closer to &lt;strong&gt;киянка&lt;/strong&gt; then to &lt;strong&gt;катер&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4967" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2019-10-04T13:58:15.753" LastActivityDate="2019-10-04T13:58:15.753" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20581" CreationDate="2019-09-25T00:42:50.880" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm writing this livin' in Russia and I think this is more interesting question than I ever thought before. So why Russians do it? As &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;seven-phases-max&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; had formulated before, they simultaneously do this for fun (the phone &quot;ы&quot; sounds funny and capital character &quot;Ы&quot; is very rare using in russian words, never in words in lower case) and for exaggerate the meaning of the word. IMHO of course.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sorry for my English thou.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12584" LastActivityDate="2019-09-25T00:42:50.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20590" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20592" CreationDate="2019-09-25T03:28:46.737" Score="6" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm a beginner in Russian, and am trying to read a short biography about Pushkin. I came across this sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В доме Пушкиных была большая библиотека.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see that Пушкиных is used as instrumental plural form of Пушкиный, but I thought that it could also be Пушкинов, since it also seemed to mean &quot;Pushkins' house&quot;. But my Russian friend told me that I can't write it this way; only Пушкиных sounds correct. Why is it so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And when I looked it up, another adjective popped up: Пушкинский. How are Пушкиный and Пушкинский different from each other, and are they exchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12425" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-25T06:28:18.413" LastActivityDate="2019-09-25T09:08:58.167" Title="В доме Пушкиных? Пушкинских? Пушкинов?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20591" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20590" CreationDate="2019-09-25T06:26:48.533" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As it was already mentioned, in в &quot;В доме Пушкиных&quot; it's genitive, and and as a rule, all family names ending with &lt;code&gt;-oв&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-eв&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ин&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-ын&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-ский&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-ской&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;-цкий&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;-цкой&lt;/code&gt; in plural genitive &lt;a href=&quot;https://obrazovaka.ru/russkiy-yazyk/roditelnyy-padezh-fio&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;end with&lt;/a&gt; &lt;code&gt;ыx&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;их&lt;/code&gt;. So, it will be &quot;в доме Толстых&quot;, &quot;в доме Достоевских&quot; etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of how &quot;Пушкиный&quot; and &quot;Пушкинский&quot; differ from each other, the difference is following: &lt;code&gt;пушкиный&lt;/code&gt; just does not exist, while &lt;code&gt;пушкинский&lt;/code&gt; is the right and only way to derive an adjective. I can come up with some set of rules but I'm a strong believer that facts of this kind should be accepted as is and just memorized. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-25T07:50:49.707" LastActivityDate="2019-09-25T07:50:49.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20590" CreationDate="2019-09-25T07:34:12.357" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian has a special kind of adjectives called &amp;quot;possessive adjectives&amp;quot;, they mean &lt;em&gt;belonging to somebody&lt;/em&gt; and answer the question &lt;em&gt;whose?&lt;/em&gt; The possessive adjectives are formed from a noun which names the possessor person and are used only in their &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;short adjective form&lt;/a&gt;, they don't have the full form, which means they are not declined like nouns, also they agree in gender and number with the possessed noun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the possessor noun ends in &lt;code&gt;-a/-я&lt;/code&gt; (feminine or masculine gender noun, 2nd declension nouns), the possessive adjective is formed with the suffix &lt;code&gt;-ин&lt;/code&gt; which substitutes &lt;code&gt;-a/-я&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;бабушка – бабушкин 'belonging to grandma': бабушкин дом, бабушкина комната, бабушкино платье, бабушкины сказки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the possessor noun ends in a consonant (masculine gender noun), the possessive adjective is formed with the suffix &lt;code&gt;-ов&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;брат – братов 'belonging to brother': братов велосипед, братова комната, братово слово, братовы книги&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays, the &lt;code&gt;-ов&lt;/code&gt; possessive adjectives are rarely used, although the &lt;code&gt;-ин&lt;/code&gt; ones are pretty common, especially those made from personal names, like &lt;em&gt;сашин&lt;/em&gt; (belonging to Саша), &lt;em&gt;колин&lt;/em&gt; (belonging to Коля), &lt;em&gt;наташин&lt;/em&gt; (belonging to Наташа), &lt;em&gt;андрюшин&lt;/em&gt; (belonging to Андрюша), &lt;em&gt;танин&lt;/em&gt; (belonging to Таня). Russian adjectives, even if formed from personal names, are not capitalized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The possessive adjectives compete with the Genitive case of the same nouns, the meaning being pretty close, &lt;em&gt;belonging to somebody&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;somebody's&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;бабушкин дом — дом бабушки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сашины друзья — друзья Саши&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be easily noticed that the Russian surnames ending in &lt;code&gt;-ин&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;-ов&lt;/code&gt; descend from possessive adjectives. &lt;em&gt;Петров&lt;/em&gt; 'belonging to Пётр (Pyotr), Pyotr's', &lt;em&gt;Ильин&lt;/em&gt; 'belonging to Илья (Ilya), Ilya's'. These possessive adjectives got substantivized (became to be perceived as nouns, they answer the question &lt;em&gt;who?&lt;/em&gt;), but still kept their adjectival case and gender forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, it is clear that &lt;strong&gt;Пушкин&lt;/strong&gt; means 'belonging to Пушка (Pushka)'. Пушка (Pushka, 'Cannon') was the nick-name of one of Pushkin's ancestors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пушкин&lt;/strong&gt;, like all the rest of the possessive adjectives, is declined as a typical short-form adjective, in the plural (the Pushkins) it has the following forms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nom. Pl. Пушкины&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gen. Pl. Пушкиных&lt;/strong&gt; (like красных)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dat. Pl. Пушкиным (like красным)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Acc. Pl. Пушкиных (like красных)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instr. Pl. Пушкиными (like красными)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prep. Pl. (o) Пушкиных (like (o) красных)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is why, 'the house of the Pushkins' is &lt;em&gt;дом Пушкин&lt;strong&gt;ых&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From a surname, a real full-form adjective can also be formed, but in this case the meaning is different, it means 'of or related to ', like in English: &lt;em&gt;Shakespeare&lt;/em&gt; — &lt;em&gt;Shakespearean&lt;/em&gt; 'of or related to Shakespeare'. With &lt;strong&gt;Пушкин&lt;/strong&gt;, such an adjective is &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;пушкинский&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; meaning 'of or related to Pushkin, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pushkinian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pushkinian&lt;/a&gt;'.  Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;пушкинский музей — 'museum dedicated to Pushkin'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;пушкинские места — 'places connected with Pushkin's life'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пушкинский парк — 'park named after Pushkin'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-09-25T09:08:58.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20581" CreationDate="2019-09-25T15:34:36.613" Score="18" Body="&lt;h2&gt;To place emphasis on this word&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These patterns are called &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensational_spelling&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Sensational spelling&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacography&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Cacography&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;It is not a unique Russian language trait:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cacography&lt;/strong&gt; is deliberate comic misspelling, a type of humour&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sensational spelling&lt;/strong&gt; is the deliberate spelling of a word in an incorrect or non-standard way for special effect&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;People change spelling of a word to stress this particular word, capitalizing the &amp;quot;wrong&amp;quot; letter to indicate the fact the misspelling was intentional:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;остальное - жЫрный минус!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The author spelled &amp;quot;жирный&amp;quot; as &amp;quot;жЫрный&amp;quot; to place emphasis on this word in the sentence (so the rest was &amp;quot;VERY bad&amp;quot;, not just &amp;quot;very bad&amp;quot;). Comparing to “падонкаффский язык”, there is only one word is misspelled, not the whole sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;how the letter ы changes the pronunciation of this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't. The word &amp;quot;жирный&amp;quot; is spelled as [ˈʐɨrnɨɪ̯] — the same phoneme ɨ as in the word &amp;quot;мыть&amp;quot; [mɨtʲ], for instance. It's the reason why we learn &amp;quot;ЖИ-ШИ пиши с буквой И&amp;quot; in school — it's easy to write &amp;quot;жырный&amp;quot; by mistake, because it is basically what you hear.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3503" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-09-26T10:52:29.490" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20581" CreationDate="2019-09-25T20:53:49.400" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adding to great answers above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is deliberately incorrect form of writing a word. Moreover, this is one of the most obvious incorrect versions - the corresponding rule is hard and fast (ж is always followed by и and never by ы), and kids learn it in school in rhymes until they can say it in their sleep.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This particular misspelling is probably the most detectable one - even for someone who could not notice a less subtle one, and this is probably the one adults would never do accidentally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This all adds to the comic effect. There were other ways of misspelling words back in a day (in particularly, replacing ик with ег in words like кувшинчик -&gt; кувшинчег) but it faded now, and I suspect, one of the reasons could be that in this case misspelling is less obvious, and as such, has smaller comic effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12592" LastActivityDate="2019-09-25T20:53:49.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20597" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20581" CreationDate="2019-09-26T11:22:04.690" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Google gives a large heap of results for жырный&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Half of this heap is likely honest mistakes, there are lots of people who fail to observe even basic rules in writing. The rest, especially when the letter is emphasized by formatting or character case are likely done on purpose, mostly referring to &lt;a href=&quot;https://images.app.goo.gl/e1camZrHt3sXjnHZ6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; meme condemning crude explicit internet trolling which  is known as &quot;fat&quot; trolling and is opposed to more refined ways of joking such as sarcasm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your first example seems to misuse the meme though, I never heard “жырный” in the sense of &quot;extremely bad&quot;. The second example fits better, as someone who won't understand subtle hints must be told explicitly what they are doing wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BTW, searching for &quot;Harwy Potah&quot; yields 2 million results which is almost 5 times as much, so intentional misspelling is a quite universal thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5618" LastEditorUserId="5618" LastEditDate="2019-09-26T11:29:04.800" LastActivityDate="2019-09-26T11:29:04.800" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20598" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20602" CreationDate="2019-09-26T15:46:28.740" Score="6" ViewCount="1117" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;says&lt;/a&gt; that the word &lt;strong&gt;погода&lt;/strong&gt; (weather) has a plural form: &lt;strong&gt;погоды&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see in Google that although the word is usually used in the singular form, the plural form is used either. For example, here is a quote from a book by Chekhov, a classic Russian writer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Хорошие погоды нынче стоят! (&lt;a href=&quot;http://svadba-dzr.ru/kultura/%C2%ABkhoroshie-pogody-nynche-stoyat-li-chayu-vypit-khochetsya-li-udavitsya%C2%BB&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Literally, the above sentence means, &quot;Good weathers now stand,&quot; and such a formulation appears weird to me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could you explain the logic and usage of the plural form of &lt;strong&gt;погода&lt;/strong&gt;? In particular, I would like to know the precise meaning of the above phrase and why Chekhov chose the plural form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-09-26T20:38:32.307" Title="How is погода (weather) a count noun?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20599" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20604" CreationDate="2019-09-26T16:15:45.243" Score="3" ViewCount="289" Body="&lt;p&gt;I learned that the Russian language has a number of words with the suffix &lt;strong&gt;-он&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;музон&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;закидон&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;выпивон&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;закусон&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;расслабон&lt;/strong&gt;, etc. This suffix is indeed not a part of the root, as can be seen from words &lt;strong&gt;музыка&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;закидывать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;выпивать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;закусывать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;расслабляться&lt;/strong&gt;. Another example of usage of that suffix is &lt;strong&gt;Черкизон&lt;/strong&gt;, the unofficial name of Moscow market &lt;strong&gt;Черкизово&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The common pattern seems to be that the words with that suffix are modern slang, and I got curious as to where that suffix stems from.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I asked one Russian on the Internet about that, and his response was very succinct: &quot;Албанский учи.&quot; (&quot;Learn Albanian.&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought it was a joke, but decided to check that lead and instantly found nice Albanian pop song &lt;em&gt;Hipnotizon&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1i1xcb7S0U&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1i1xcb7S0U&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did the suffix &lt;strong&gt;-он&lt;/strong&gt; indeed come from Albanian? If so, how did it happen? I am so much surprised because Albania is a tiny state located pretty far from Russia. Or where did this suffix come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-09-26T18:18:02.507" LastActivityDate="2021-02-12T06:50:57.247" Title="What is the origin of the suffix -он?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;slang&gt;&lt;суффиксы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20600" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20598" CreationDate="2019-09-26T16:32:32.423" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Mitsuko, you seem to have developed the talent of stumbling upon 'false quotes' (remember your Bismark question?)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Disclaimer&lt;/em&gt;: I realize that this is not an answer to the question about the plural form of &lt;strong&gt;погода&lt;/strong&gt;. Might add something on this later on. I just find it quite interesting that this rather popular citation from Chekhov cannot actually be found in any of his works.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://zen.yandex.ru/media/philological_maniac/gorko-i-smeshno-5-zabavnyh-citat-chehova-5c27150771a4ff00abd1e3cf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Хорошие погоды нынче стоят! То ли чаю выпить хочется, то ли удавиться.&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Фразой из пьесы «Дядя Ваня» до сих пор подписывают фотографии в&#xA;  соцсетях, но в измененном виде. Ее превратили в предложение, где автор&#xA;  якобы говорит о том, что день прекрасный, и можно или выпить кружку&#xA;  чая, или повеситься.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Такой цитаты у Чехова нет, зато в пьесе один из&#xA;  героев в диалоге говорит: «В такую погоду хорошо повеситься».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &quot;Дядя Ваня&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;…&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Войницкий. &lt;strong&gt;Я молчу. Молчу и извиняюсь.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;              &lt;em&gt;Пауза.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Елена Андреевна. &lt;strong&gt;А хорошая сегодня погода... Не жарко...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;              &lt;em&gt;Пауза.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Войницкий. &lt;strong&gt;В такую погоду хорошо повеситься...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to &quot;appears weird to me&quot; - it does not sound particularly weird for a Russian ear. As @YellowSky mentions in the very first sentence, this can quite naturally be understood as the weather observed for a period of several days.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;After all people do say &quot;сегодня хорошая погода, а вчера была плохая погода&quot;, so here we go - хорошие погоды нынче стоят..&lt;br&gt;&#xA;But people don't speak like this these days other than to make a bit of a joke (&lt;em&gt;actually, I use погоды from time to time myself and I have no idea where I picked this up. I think this was long before I had read or seen &quot;The 12 chairs&quot; but that's impossible to verify anyway&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-09-26T20:38:32.307" LastActivityDate="2019-09-26T20:38:32.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20601" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20599" CreationDate="2019-09-26T17:16:18.633" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nope this has nothing to do with Internet slang, all the words you’ve listed existed at least since eighties. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, you are asking very interesting question - indeed the etymology &lt;code&gt;-он&lt;/code&gt; as postfix should be investigated - I'm not aware of a any research of this kind (but this means nothing - I'm a mere amateur). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;локон&quot;&lt;/a&gt; - a &quot;regular&quot; word not belonging to any slang is derived from German Locke - but how exactly it gained &quot;-он&quot;,  is &quot;он&quot; in it related to other &quot;-он&quot;-nouns, like &quot;расслабон&quot;, &quot;гандон&quot; etc.  - this should be investigated.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh, and this postfix also definitely has nothing to do with actual Albanian language - even if it was borrowed it was,  say, English or French where one can find plenty of such words. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-09-26T18:12:58.390" LastActivityDate="2019-09-26T18:12:58.390" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20602" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20598" CreationDate="2019-09-26T17:40:09.160" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Погоды [стоят]&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;the weather during several days&quot;. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=6qk5eFoJCJQC&amp;amp;pg=PA104&amp;amp;dq=&amp;quot;%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5&amp;quot;+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2&amp;amp;hl=uk&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwj069-ggu_kAhXmoYsKHW-YDi8Q6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%22%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%22%20%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;most famous instance&lt;/a&gt; of that 'weather in plural' used in a work of fiction is in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Twelve_Chairs&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Двенадцать стульев&lt;/a&gt; ('The Twelve Chairs'), a classic satirical novel about con artists by the Odessan Soviet authors Ilf and Petrov, published in 1928:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Теперь такие &lt;em&gt;погоды&lt;/em&gt; замечательные.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Twelve_Chairs_(1971_film)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;classic 1971 Soviet film&lt;/a&gt; after the novel, the phrase was a bit changed and became&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сейчас такие дивные &lt;em&gt;погоды&lt;/em&gt; стоят!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is the fragment from the film where it is said: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4nVtiN99H8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4nVtiN99H8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of the modern usage of &lt;em&gt;погоды&lt;/em&gt; (pl.), is just quoting or paraphrasing that film episode, not the book, and surely not Chekhov.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Outside of that phrase, nobody uses &lt;em&gt;погода&lt;/em&gt; in plural, as far as I know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2019-09-26T17:45:56.900" LastActivityDate="2019-09-26T17:45:56.900" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20598" CreationDate="2019-09-26T19:05:54.407" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Could you explain the logic and usage of the plural form of погода?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Погода&lt;/em&gt; is a regular noun (ж 1а by Zaliznyak's classification), and so it has plural just like any (or should I say many?) other.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As your quote from &quot;Checkhov&quot; turns out to be fake, here is one from Kuprin's &quot;The Garnet Bracelet&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В середине августа, перед рождением молодого месяца, вдруг наступили &lt;em&gt;отвратительные погоды&lt;/em&gt;, какие так свойственны северному побережью Чёрного моря.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you see, &quot;weathers&quot; are just &quot;weathers&quot; and nothing else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2019-09-26T19:05:54.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20599" CreationDate="2019-09-26T19:36:37.037" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, there is not one but many &amp;quot;он&amp;quot; suffixes in Russian. These are written, pronounced, and mostly used in the same way (to form masculine nouns) but come from different sources entirely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The group of words you mention specifically come from the late XX century, originating from slang and mostly remaining there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering the relatively hectic and tumultuous nature of the period, you are unlikely ever to get a verifiable and concrete answer to the origin of these words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, judging from the connotation these words have, the kind of communities that would use them, and the speed at which these spread through the lexicon of these social groups throughout the country, the most likely guess is the idiosyncratic origin, based on a typical masculine suffix to form new fresh, nonconforming, teenage-friendly sounding words to replace their more conventional and traditional analogues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T07:51:27.670" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:51:27.670" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20605" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2897" CreationDate="2019-09-26T21:25:31.637" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Биток&quot; - is also a white ball in billiard. The only one you allowed to strike. The one that puts every other ball in the basket. &#xA;So &quot;Битком набиты&quot; could have come from billiard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12604" LastActivityDate="2019-09-26T21:25:31.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20606" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20608" CreationDate="2019-09-26T23:48:10.547" Score="4" ViewCount="291" Body="&lt;p&gt;Отморозок is a contemptible and objectionable person. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It looks like the word comes from the verb отморозить, or the noun мороз. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is отморозок originally associated with getting frostbite, freezing or just frost?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11055" LastActivityDate="2019-09-27T16:18:45.913" Title="The origin of &quot;отморозок&quot;" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20607" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20606" CreationDate="2019-09-27T06:46:19.637" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is indeed derived from the adjective «отмороженный», which means someone who has no moral and no sentiments of any kind (like his emotions were frozen). This word in this particular meaning initially came from criminal jargon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Мерзавец» and «мразь» mentioned in a comment have indeed the same etymology and are connected to «мороз».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сonnotation of lack of emotions is something quite common for frost-related words is not something uncommon to Russian, check out, for instance &quot;холодно посмотреть&quot;, &quot;холодная жестокость&quot;, &quot;холодный расчёт&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note, there’s also a verb «отморозиться» which ironically has nothing to do with «отморозок» or «отмороженный». «Отморозиться» means to ignore someone’s invitation or request.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-09-27T08:22:18.163" LastActivityDate="2019-09-27T08:22:18.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20606" CreationDate="2019-09-27T07:24:19.763" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Interesting question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My first guess was that since Russia is a very cold country, Russians figuratively referred to scumbags as to people whose brain got damaged by frost, hence &lt;strong&gt;отморозок&lt;/strong&gt;. My guess was based on the existence of the similar word &lt;strong&gt;отмороженный&lt;/strong&gt; (literally &amp;quot;damaged by frost&amp;quot;), which refers to a scumbag, too. The idea is that once your brain gets damaged by frost, you become capable of doing terrible things that normal people are uncapable of doing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then I tried to google the etymology of &lt;strong&gt;отморозок&lt;/strong&gt; and found numerous theories, including a &lt;a href=&quot;https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/5b6aa2a528eb1300ac9ab365/otkuda-proizoshlo-slovo-otmorozok-5b98ea1dc9e72b00a91dc4c9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;theory&lt;/a&gt; that this word  originally denoted a young wolf excluded from its pack:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэтому таких молодых волков, которые своими поступками ставили под угрозу жизнь волчьего общества, из стаи выгоняли. Так как дело происходило по первому снегу и морозу, такого волка звали «отморозок». То есть это молодой волк, совершивший плохой поступок, и за это изгнанный из волчьего общества.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian7.ru/post/kogo-na-rusi-nazyvali-otmorozkami/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; on the portal &lt;em&gt;Русская семерка&lt;/em&gt; claims that the word originates from criminal slang of the 19th century:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово изначально употреблялось в воровском жаргоне XIX века. Оно означает оборванца, отброса общества, представителя маргинальной молодежи, который не знает настоящих воровских законов, но при этом совершает противоправные действия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another &lt;a href=&quot;https://commerage.ru/znachenie-familii/moroz&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;theory&lt;/a&gt; says that this word denoted a runaway serf:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;От «чёрных» крестьян. Которые не бежали на юг в казачество. А как правило уходили в леса или на болота (никого не боясь, готовые постоять за себя). Из-за этого их стали называть отморозками. Места их проживания Морозами (д. Морозы; Нижние Морозы; Верхние Морозы — Беларусь, Украина), а затем уже сопоставили и фамилию Мороз.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also found explanations sounding similar to my hypothesis:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отморозок = отмороженный = ничего не понимающий, не отдающий отчёта в происходящем… Попробуйте помёрзнуть в на ветру в – 30-40 градусов… потом, когда совсем замёрзнете – и вас принесут домой… попытайтесь мыслить логически – поймёте…) (&lt;a href=&quot;https://trueinform.ru/modules.php?name=Video&amp;amp;file=print&amp;amp;sid=193345&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне всегда казалось, что отморозок – это тот, у кого мозги отморожены. И появилось это понятие от болезни под названием менингит – воспаления мозга, его рискуют получить люди, которые ходят в мороз без шапки. Одним из последствий менингита является задержка умственного развития. (Same source as above)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отморозок - агрессор без правил, как будто с отмороженными мозгами. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.polukhin.com/node/142&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To find out which theory is true, I looked in dictionaries, but was unable to find any dictionary that provides the etymology of this word. In particular, neither the etymological dictionary by Preobrazhensky nor the etymological dictionary by Vasmer contain this word. Vladimir Dal's famous explanatory dictionary does not contain the word either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Google Books and in the Russian National Corpus this word can be found only starting from the 1990s, and there are no hits in Google Books and Russian National Corpus for &lt;strong&gt;отморозокъ&lt;/strong&gt;, the spelling in accordance with the old spelling rules. This undermines theories in which the word has an old origin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked in Google Books to see how the word &lt;strong&gt;отморозилъ&lt;/strong&gt; (i.e., in the old spelling) was used, and in all instances it meant &amp;quot;damaged by frost.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly, I found numerous examples in Google of use of the word &lt;strong&gt;обморозок&lt;/strong&gt; (i.e., with &lt;strong&gt;б&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;), which seems to have the same meaning as &lt;strong&gt;отморозок&lt;/strong&gt;, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В Архангельской области обморозок зарезал пенсионерку, чтобы забрать водку и 200 рублей. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://xn--m1ahc.xn--80asehdb/novosti/arhangelsk/v-arhangelskoi-oblasti-obmorozok-zarezal-pensionerku-chtoby-zabrat-vodku-i-200-rublei.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– А этот, раненный, кто? – Да никто. Обморозок местный. Его опера как облупленного знают. Бандит с примесью «баклана». (From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.e-reading.club/bookreader.php/27043/Kivinov_12_Polnoe_blyudce_sekretov.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;book&lt;/a&gt; &amp;quot;Полное блюдце секретов&amp;quot; by Kivinov)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like &lt;strong&gt;отморозить&lt;/strong&gt;, the word &lt;strong&gt;обморозить&lt;/strong&gt; means &amp;quot;to damage by frost,&amp;quot; so the concurrent use of &lt;strong&gt;обморозок&lt;/strong&gt; and  &lt;strong&gt;отморозок&lt;/strong&gt; supports my original hypothesis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another fact supporting my original hypothesis is that the word &lt;strong&gt;отморозок&lt;/strong&gt; is sometimes used to refer to slow thinkers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отморозок: идиот, тугодум. Частая характеристика конченного, окончательно опустившегося наркомана. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://endic.ru/drugslang/Otmorozok-207.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is concurrent with my hypothesis, because slow thinkers can be figuratively compared with people whose brain got damaged by frost. Other theories do not explain how &lt;strong&gt;отморозок&lt;/strong&gt; could come to mean a slow thinker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To conclude, we may never know the true etymology of &lt;strong&gt;отморозок&lt;/strong&gt;, but, given the evidence at hand, I'd say that my first guess may well be the truth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-09-27T16:18:45.913" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20609" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20610" CreationDate="2019-09-27T17:37:53.390" Score="25" ViewCount="3478" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, &lt;strong&gt;черствый хлеб&lt;/strong&gt; (chorstvy khleb) is stale bread. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And to my great surprise, I recently learned that in Czech, &lt;strong&gt;čerstvý chléb&lt;/strong&gt; is precisely the opposite thing: fresh bread.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question is: What was the evolution of the meaning of черствый in the Russian language?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additional remarks about the evolution of the meaning of the same word in the Czech language are highly welcome, because I want to see how the Russian cognate for the Czech word &quot;čerstvý&quot; came to mean entirely the opposite thing. It stands to reason that if we trace back the evolution of the meaning of this word in Russian and Czech, the meanings will eventually converge. After all, Proto-Czechs and Proto-Russians spoke the same language, Proto-Slavic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-09-28T07:16:14.237" LastActivityDate="2019-10-16T13:21:32.443" Title="How come the Russian cognate for the Czech word &quot;čerstvý&quot; (fresh) means entirely the opposite thing (stale)?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;other-languages&gt;&lt;slavic&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="29" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20609" CreationDate="2019-09-27T18:20:55.043" Score="31" Body="&lt;p&gt;Looking at the meanings of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/%C4%8D%D1%8Crstv%D1%8A&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;cognates&lt;/a&gt; of the Proto-Slavic &lt;strong&gt;čь̑rstvъ&lt;/strong&gt;, one can notice the common meaning 'hard', 'strong', 'sharp'. I guess the Czechs and the Slovaks view fresh bread as 'hard on the outside', i.e. having a crispy crust, while Russian, Polish and others see it as 'hard on the inside', i.e. stale. It's just my guess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other examples of this kind where cognates evolve to mean opposite things, e.g. Polish &lt;strong&gt;uroda&lt;/strong&gt; 'beauty' and Russian &lt;strong&gt;урод&lt;/strong&gt; 'ugly person'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-09-27T18:36:30.887" LastActivityDate="2019-09-27T18:36:30.887" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20611" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20609" CreationDate="2019-09-27T18:21:08.970" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The original meaning of the proto-Slavic etymon seems to have been &quot;robust, sturdy&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It had later shifted its meaning to &quot;hard&quot; in Russian and to &quot;good, wholesome&quot; in Czech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-09-27T18:21:08.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20609" CreationDate="2019-09-28T07:26:55.673" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;I decided to turn my comment into an answer and add some references, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a very common phenomenon in related (but, nonetheless, different &lt;strong&gt;!&lt;/strong&gt;) languages. A common language splits into branches and a word starts evolving in different directions. Over the centuries the meanings of the word in those 'branches' (which gradually develop into fully-fledged languages) may drift very far from both the original meaning and each other.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;(&lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;this is in no way an inconsistency&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary gives the following etymology for &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D1%91%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9#%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;чёрствый&quot;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Происходит от праслав. *čьrstvъ, от кот. в числе прочего произошли:&#xA;  др.-русск. чьрствъ «твердый; сухой, черствый; безупречный; ясный;&#xA;  значительный», укр. черстви́й «черствый, сильный, свежий», болг.&#xA;  чевръ́ст, чвръст «жесткий, крепкий, ловкий, бодрый», сербохорв.&#xA;  чвр̑ст, чвр́ста «крепкий, жесткий, полный, мясистый», словенск.&#xA;  čŕstǝv, čvrst «крепкий, ядреный, бодрый, свежий», чешск., словацк.&#xA;  čerstvý «свежий, бодрый», польск. czerstwy «свежий, бодрый, крепкий,&#xA;  черствый» (из *czarstwy, вероятно, под влиянием czerstwieć), в.-луж.&#xA;  čerstwy «бодрый».&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Праслав. *čьrstvъ неоднократно сравнивали с др.-инд.&#xA;  kr̥tsnás «полный, окончательный» и лат. crassus «толстый, грубый». Это&#xA;  сближение весьма недостоверно ввиду того факта, что лат. crassus&#xA;  расценивается как экспрессивное образование, связь которого с лат.&#xA;  crātis «плетение», готск. haúrds «дверь» и т. д. весьма сомнительна.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Более удачно сравнение с готск. hardus «жесткий, твердый», греч.&#xA;  κρατύς «сильный», κρατερός «более сильный», κράτος «сила». Сравнивают&#xA;  čьrstvъ и с др.-исл. herstr «резкий», лит. ker̃štas «гнев».&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;Использованы данные словаря М. Фасмера.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ю.В.Откупщиков&lt;/a&gt; covers this phenomenon in Chapters 6 (&quot;Развитие значений слова&quot;) and 7 (&quot;Семантические закономерности&quot;) of one of his excellent books &lt;a href=&quot;https://libking.ru/books/sci-/sci-linguistic/245928-22-yu-otkupshchikov-k-istokam-slova-rasskazy-o-nauke-etimologii.html#book&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;К истокам слова. Рассказы о науке этимологии&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;em&gt;I highly recommend this book to all interested in etymology (as a branch of linguistics) and the comparative method specifically. It is meant for children mostly but is an interesting read for anyone and can be seen as &quot;Etymology for Dummies&quot;, if you like&lt;/em&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;О свежем и чёрством хлебе&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Как-то раз один чешский студент, учившийся в Москве и не очень хорошо&#xA;  знавший русский язык, зашёл в булочную купить хлеба. Продавщица&#xA;  любезно предупредила его, что хлеб, который он выбрал себе; —&#xA;  чёрствый. Студент-чех поблагодарил продавщицу и сказал, что это как&#xA;  раз то, что ему нужно. Но увы — оказалось, что покупатель и продавщица&#xA;  не поняли друг друга. Дело в том, что чешское čerstvỷ chlẻb [чéрствы:&#xA;  хле: б] означает совсем не черствый, а, наоборот, ‘свежий хлеб’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Такие недоразумения особенно часто встречаются в близкородственных&#xA;  языках.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Например, сербское слово зной значит ‘пот’, куча — ‘дом’, и́грати — ‘танцевать’, слово — ‘буква’, ки́снути — ‘мокнуть’, любити — ‘целовать’;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  болгарское стая имеет значение ‘комната’, гора — ‘лес’, дума—‘слово’, неделя — ‘воскресенье’, стол — ‘стул’ и т. п.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Сербское слово домовина означает ‘родина’, а украинское домовина — ‘гроб’.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;   …&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, the author does not go into the detailed analysis of this particular transformation (čerstvỷ/чёрствый). However, he gives another similar example later on that outlines the idea:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Как стая стала ‘комнатой’&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Почему же слова, несомненно восходящие к одному и тому же общему&#xA;  источнику, приобретают иногда даже в близкородственных языках&#xA;  совершенно различное значение? Как это происходит?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Возьмём в качестве примера русское слово стая и болгарское стая&#xA;  ‘комната’. В древнерусском языке и в диалектах современного русского&#xA;  языка словом стая обозначалось ‘стойло, хлев’. Этимология этого слова&#xA;  достаточно прозрачна: стая представляет собой место, где стоит скот.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Позднéе значение слова стая развивалось в двух различных направлениях:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) ‘стойло’ → ‘стоянка скота’ → ‘стадо (домашних животных)’ → ‘стая’&#xA;  (русский язык); 2) ‘стойло’ → ‘сарай’ → ‘помещение’ → ‘комната’&#xA;  (болгарский язык).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Подобного же рода семантические изменения произошли и в других&#xA;  приведённых выше случаях. Но подробный их разбор занял бы слишком&#xA;  много места и времени.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;…  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таких примеров можно привести немало из самых различных языков. Пути&#xA;  развития противоположных значений в слове не всегда одинаковы. И не во&#xA;  всех случаях эти пути могут быть прослежены с достаточной&#xA;  определённостью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Сравнительно простой в этом отношении пример — развитие значений у&#xA;  слова бесценный. Если предмет не имеет никакой ценности, если он&#xA;  слишком дёшев для того, чтобы за него можно было назначить хоть&#xA;  какую-то цену, его называли бесценным, то есть дешёвым. Это значение в&#xA;  современном русском языке является устаревшим, но оно сохранилось,&#xA;  например, в выражении купить за бесценок. Чешское слово bezcenny&#xA;  [бэ:сцены:] также означает ‘ничего не стоящий’ и (в переносном смысле)&#xA;  — ‘ничтожный’. В настоящее время мы обычно употребляем слово бесценный&#xA;  в прямо противоположном значении: ‘дорогой’. Такое употребление слова&#xA;  довольно легко объяснимо. Речь в данном случае идёт о столь дорогом&#xA;  предмете, который мы не согласны уступить ни за какую цену, о&#xA;  предмете, которому и цены нет. Так возникло у слова бесценный его&#xA;  второе значение, ставшее основным в современном русском языке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, the whole chapter 6 is dedicated to this phenomenon, while chapter 7 is the continuation on this topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://genling.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000014/st007.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Another link&lt;/a&gt; to the same book with arguably better formatting, images, and, I believe, slightly different content (the original edition?). &lt;em&gt;This link is provided by &lt;a href=&quot;http://genling.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;'Общее языкознание'&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.adme.ru/svoboda-kultura/veselyj-cheshsko-russkij-slovar-961610/amp/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;For the fun of it&lt;/a&gt; (there is some new &quot;food for thought&quot; there as well, though.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-09-28T16:32:15.907" LastActivityDate="2019-09-28T16:32:15.907" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20599" CreationDate="2019-09-28T12:22:50.327" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for the Albanian your Russian friend mentioned, it's not the language you might have thought of. You can read about олбанский here. &lt;a href=&quot;http://absurdopedia.net/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://absurdopedia.net/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe, I know just one normative word borrowed as a whole unit but having a possibility of decomposition according to the pattern mentioned above. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Блузон.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This word was borrowed in the 20th century, and not so many people can say what exactly it is (if we just ask people in the street). Besides, a well-understood word блузка has existed in the Russian language for a longer while. So, блузон sounds as a neologism from блузка. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the rest are slangish, made up in 1990-s. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-09-28T12:22:50.327" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20579" CreationDate="2019-09-28T15:11:42.633" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This type of phrasing is somewhat common and may not make sense at the first glance if you interpret it like a conditional statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you translate it like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Children’s equipment is forbidden to use to &lt;strong&gt;both&lt;/strong&gt; those over 16 &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; those over 70 kg. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then basically you subtract from the whole population two groups (which may intersect or not), leaving only those younger than 16 and weighing less than 70 kg. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1547" LastActivityDate="2019-09-28T15:11:42.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2897" CreationDate="2019-09-29T20:04:10.070" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;perfectly valid noun in its own right&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[битком] in [битком набиты] is not a noun. It is adverb here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Noun is a grammar part,  which answers question: what? by what?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Adverb is a grammar part, which answes question: how?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[битком набиты] is not [filled by bitok]&lt;br&gt;&#xA;[битком набиты] is [filled in bitok-style]  or [filled bitokly].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Did биток always only exist in the context of the idiom &quot;битком набиты&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can not use [биток] on its own as a noun when you want to say, that room is overcrowded. For example, you can not say there is [биток] in the room. Therefore, when speaking about crowed room, this word was never used as standalone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[биток] can be used as a noun, when it is a piece, a thing, something, that you can take in your hand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastActivityDate="2019-09-29T20:04:10.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20618" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-09-29T20:32:32.520" Score="1" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;I tried to learn some Russian some 30 years ago and it's super rusty now but I'm trying to help my son who's taking it at school and is getting a bit discouraged by how daunting it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While revising some declensions, I've been wondering whether &lt;em&gt;книги&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;книге&lt;/em&gt; are pronounced in the same way in everyday spoken Russian.  I have the same question about &lt;em&gt;доброе&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;добрая&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12386" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-10-02T07:42:37.653" LastActivityDate="2019-10-03T10:05:04.223" Title="Homophones after vowel reduction" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20619" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20572" CreationDate="2019-09-30T02:09:56.713" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;On some occasions, in the engineering literature the word &quot;speed&quot; is translated as &quot;темп&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g.,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В таком режиме обработки темп нагрева возрастает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-09-30T02:09:56.713" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20620" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20621" CreationDate="2019-09-30T11:37:21.890" Score="1" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;Предложение:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A Relation is least with respect to some conditions when it is the&#xA;  smallest Relation that satisfies those conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Примечание: &lt;code&gt;Relation&lt;/code&gt; - тип данных&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11343" LastActivityDate="2019-10-01T01:19:51.883" Title="Как перевести предложение в котором есть фраза is least with respect?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2019-10-01T06:27:22.027" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20620" CreationDate="2019-09-30T16:17:51.573" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;В математике говорят: &quot;наиболее слабое условие&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Из приведённых условий сходимости условие (1) является самым слабым,&#xA;ибо все другие перечисленные условия влекут за собой не просто сходимость, но сходимость равномерную.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Говорят также: &quot;наиболее слабый критерий&quot; и в некоторых случаях &quot;наиболее слабое отношение&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, из двух отношений &quot;а &amp;lt; с&quot; и &quot;а ≤ с&quot; последнее является более слабым в смысле сравнения значений двух величин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Потому указанное предложение я бы перевёл так: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Отношение является слабейшим по отношению к какому-то заданному условию, если оно содержит в себе минимальные требования, обеспечивающие выполнение этого условия.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В принципе, можно заменить &quot;является слабейшим&quot; на &quot;является минимальным&quot;, но тогда в переводе возникнет тавтология. К тому же, у математиков действительно в ходу такие термины, как &quot;слабое условие&quot; и &quot;сильное условие&quot;. Например, вот здесь сказано: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Это гораздо более слабое условие, чем любое условие Гёльдера.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastEditorUserId="11511" LastEditDate="2019-10-01T01:19:51.883" LastActivityDate="2019-10-01T01:19:51.883" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20609" CreationDate="2019-09-30T16:18:50.210" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not knowing anything about Russian or Czech, however still want to give my two cents about it. Perhaps the derived opposite meaning in Russian came to be through irony. Russians saying a lot to each other &quot;Well this bread is really 'fresh'&quot;. Overtime the irony became lost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12626" LastActivityDate="2019-09-30T16:18:50.210" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20618" CreationDate="2019-10-01T06:40:25.570" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's all about vowel pronounced sometimes very short thus making sound &quot;книги&quot; and &quot;книге&quot; very similar. However when it pronounced slowly and/or clearly they are distinguishable to a native speaker. The same happens with &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt; in &quot;доброе&quot;/&quot;добрая&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-10-01T06:40:25.570" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20624" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20581" CreationDate="2019-10-01T06:41:38.400" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the spelling &quot;ы&quot; amplifies the meaning. It is that you can pronounce looong ы after ж.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2019-10-01T06:41:38.400" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20625" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20627" CreationDate="2019-10-01T14:58:04.133" Score="3" ViewCount="190" Body="&lt;p&gt;I could not find a similar question, though I find it hard to search for &quot;for noun stackexchange Russian&quot;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are prepositions and/or cases that are used together to say the English equivalent of “for”, but always with a following noun - &lt;strong&gt;“for” + noun&lt;/strong&gt; - e.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I want to walk to the store for bread. &#xA;Я хочу́ идти́ в лавку/магазин за хлебом. ('for' &amp;lt;-&amp;gt; за + instrumental)&#xA;&#xA;I bought the watch as a gift for my sister. &#xA;Я купил часы в подарок для моей сестры. ('for' &amp;lt;-&amp;gt; для + genitive)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and others - for example from this website: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.alphadictionary.com/rusgrammar/for.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.alphadictionary.com/rusgrammar/for.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But how to say in Russian the &lt;strong&gt;“for” + verb&lt;/strong&gt; construct? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;I want to buy shoes for running. &#xA;&#xA;I need to buy supplies for camping.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some sense, in admittedly certain situations, I realize that the verb is unnecessary, e.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;'I want to go to the store for bread.', &#xA;versus, &#xA;'I want to go to the store to buy bread'.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here a noun is used...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Па́рень име́ет тала́нт к та́нцам.&#xA;The guy has a knack for dancing.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here again a noun is used (I think similar to слушание, чтение, мышленеи, написание, поднятие,...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Учи́тель наказа́л ученика́ за разгово́ры на уро́ке. &#xA;The teacher punished the student for talking during class.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also realize some Russian verbs seemingly (via the dictionary anyway) incorporate the 'dangling preposition' 'for' in the definition, e.g. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;болеть - to root for&#xA;Я болею за TEAM-A. &#xA;I root for TEAM-A.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or with the English preposition 'on',&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;наступи́ть - to step on&#xA;Он извини́лся, что наступи́л колле́ге на ногу.&#xA;He apologized for stepping on his colleague's foot.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I imagine there is a way to deal with the &quot;for + verb&quot; in Russian... or does it just never happen?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS. Possibly &quot;for + verb&quot; is also bad English.... I never realized how little grammar I knew of English until I started learning Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastActivityDate="2019-10-02T10:00:39.750" Title="English &quot;for + verb&quot;? eg 'I need to buy supplies for camping.' There are &quot;for + noun&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20625" CreationDate="2019-10-01T16:46:11.753" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian language does not have a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Gerund&lt;/a&gt;. &quot;For + [verb]-ing&quot; construction does depend on a gerund. To express similar meaning, Russian either use &quot;for + [noun]&quot; or &quot;for the purpose of [verb]&quot; or &quot;for doing + [noun]&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;buy shoes for running - &quot;купить обувь для бегания&quot; - WRONG&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;for + [noun]: &quot;купить обувь для бега&quot; - BETTER&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;for the purpose of [verb]: &quot;купить обувь для того, чтобы бегать&quot; - OK&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;for doing + [noun]: &quot;купить обувь для занятий бегом&quot; - PROBABLY THE BEST (in this particular case)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that this issue here exist only for as long as there is no Russian word corresponding to a gerund, like &quot;running&quot; - &quot;бегание&quot; (understandable, but wrong). If such a word exist, translation is straightforward, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to buy a cap for swimming - &quot;купить шапочку для плавания&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2019-10-01T17:31:54.900" LastActivityDate="2019-10-01T17:31:54.900" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20625" CreationDate="2019-10-01T17:41:53.300" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;That’s actually a very good question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have two main options: take the verb you are thinking of and turn it into a noun or an adjective:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;о́бувь для та́нцев / танцева́льная о́бувь (shoes for dancing / dancing shoes)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;еда́ для похо́да / похо́дная еда́ (supplies for camping / camping supplies)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бассе́йн для пла́вания / пла́вательный бассе́йн (pool for swimming / swimming pool)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These options are not entirely equivalent and some may sound better than others in certain situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also option 1b where the noun gets pluralized: о́бувь для та́нцев VS о́бувь для бе́га  (NOT: для бего́в). «О́бувь для та́нца» (singular) would mean shoes made for a particular kind of dance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes it’s not possible to form an adjective so noun is your only option: пры́гать с парашю́том (‘to skydive’) -&gt; снаряже́ние для прыжко́в с парашю́том (‘skydiving gear’).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neither option is easy because the way nouns and adjectives are formed depends on a particular word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;бе́гать -&gt; бег, бегово́й&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пла́вать -&gt; пла́вание, пла́вательный (NOT *плав OR *плавовой)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;рабо́тать -&gt; рабо́та, рабо́чий (NOT *работание OR *работательный)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;танцева́ть -&gt; та́нцы, танцева́льный&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ходи́ть в похо́д -&gt; похо́д, похо́дный&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(You thought case ending were the hardest thing to learn, eh?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes there are multiple adjectives to go with different words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;игра́ть -&gt; игра́, игрово́й (стол), игра́льный (ко́сти), игри́вый, игри́стый...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes there is no adjective at all for no apparent reason:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;отдыха́ть -&gt; о́тдых, ??&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пры́гать -&gt; прыжки́, ?? (occasionally, *пры́гательный is possible but it's not a real word)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you’re stuck with the noun option again:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ко́мната (для) о́тдыха (a room for rest / NOT a restroom!) &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-10-02T10:00:39.750" LastActivityDate="2019-10-02T10:00:39.750" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20581" CreationDate="2019-10-02T17:08:53.260" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это просто сленг или жаргон, действительно противоречащий правилам орфографии. Подобное написание было модно примерно в 2006-2010 годах.&#xA;Кажется, в 2019 никто уже так не говорит &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12631" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-10-03T14:24:42.497" LastActivityDate="2019-10-03T14:24:42.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20629" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20630" CreationDate="2019-10-03T09:23:19.763" Score="6" ViewCount="227" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какой вариант больше подходит для использования на страницах сайта?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8173" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T22:48:24.680" Title="Как правильно использовать &quot;внесите пароль&quot; или &quot;введите пароль&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20630" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20629" CreationDate="2019-10-03T09:25:55.303" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&#xA;“&lt;i&gt;Введите&lt;/i&gt;” is correct. “&lt;i&gt;Внесите&lt;/i&gt;”, to me personally, sounds&#xA;like a verb your would use when talking about money. E.g.:&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;i&gt;&#xA;Внесите необходимую сумму.&#xA;&lt;/i&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2019-10-03T09:25:55.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20618" CreationDate="2019-10-03T10:05:04.223" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;While I agree that when книге/книги pronounced slowly and/or clearly they are distinguishable I would argue that доброе/добрая have differences in pronunciation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10736" LastActivityDate="2019-10-03T10:05:04.223" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20587" CreationDate="2019-10-03T19:48:24.650" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Belarussian (a close relative of Russian) we have two different sounds for the letter 'г'. One of them forms a pair with 'х', and the other with 'к' (in the IPA they are the velar fricative and the velar plosive respectively). Russian on the contrary doesn't have the voiced velar fricative sound, but it has the unvoiced one -- 'х'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you are half-right. The pair is 'г'--'к'. It's just different non-existent 'г' in &quot;мягкий&quot; :D&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12633" LastEditorUserId="12633" LastEditDate="2019-10-03T19:54:12.663" LastActivityDate="2019-10-03T19:54:12.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20633" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20635" CreationDate="2019-10-04T19:23:41.613" Score="6" ViewCount="407" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть глагол несовершенного вида &quot;мыть&quot;, а в совершенном виде бывают и &quot;омыть&quot;, и &quot;вымыть&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Насколько я понимаю, глагол &quot;вымыть&quot; гораздо популярнее, хотя приставка &quot;вы-&quot; обычно обозначает движение из внутренней части чего-либо. Но если же речь идёт именно о мытье посуды, то можно сказать, что она может содержать какую-то еду например, которая при вымывании извлекается. А если речь идёт не о мытье посуды, а о мытье белья, например, или волос, то лучше использовать глагол &quot;омыть&quot;? Я в этом не совсем уверен. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ищу понятие различия между этими двумя приставками, которые чаще всего находятся перед корнем &quot;мыть&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К тому же, в викисловаре есть и варианты с приставками про-, от-, и по-. Насколько я вижу, их редко используют. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-08T09:45:15.577" LastActivityDate="2019-11-08T15:00:47.743" Title="Омыть или вымыть?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20633" CreationDate="2019-10-04T20:25:57.027" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как раз-таки именно варианты с приставкой &lt;em&gt;&quot;о-&quot;&lt;/em&gt; сложно встретить в повседневной жизни.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;В отличие от вариантов с приставками &lt;em&gt;&quot;по-&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&quot;вы-&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&quot;от-&quot;&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;&quot;про-&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;В частности:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;помыть волосы, вымыть волосы&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  помыть посуду, вымыть посуду, отмыть посуду&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  промыть что-либо под струёй воды&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Также широко распространён вариант с приставкой &lt;em&gt;&quot;у-&quot;&lt;/em&gt; по отношению к лицу:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;умыть лицо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А слово &quot;омыть&quot; лично мне встречается почти только лишь в старых текстах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2019-10-04T20:25:57.027" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20635" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20633" CreationDate="2019-10-05T10:53:41.993" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;вымыть - to wash completely. вы- indicates completeness here. Вымыть in the sense of moving outside by a stream possibly only used in geology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;омыть - this is a rarely used word, means to put something into water symbolically (for instance, for religious purpose). It does not mean comprehensively washing something. This is of no use unless you perform some religious rite. Literally it means &quot;wash-around&quot;. It also can be used in a sense &quot;this island is washed-around by seas&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;промыть - I have no idea why you think this is rare. This is not rare but means to wash something inside, like a tube, a hole or mechanism. To make water flow through (&lt;strong&gt;through&lt;/strong&gt;-wash).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;отмыть - again I have no idea why you think it is rare. It means to wash &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; something. Such as of stain/blot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;помыть - this is the most common word perhaps. It means to wash some amount. The same as вымыть but вымыть stresses the wash is complete (there is nothing left), while помыть may leave something to do later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;also:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;умыть - to wash face&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;размыть - to make the contamination spread the surface, also to add blur, also in geology to break rock or something else by continuous stream over long time, make it spread.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;домыть - to continue previously unfinished washing till the end&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;смыть - to make the stream to take something from the surface&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;подмыть - to wash something from the under (usually refers to washing genitals)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;намыть - to wash until there is substantial result&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;обмыть - also to wash around but not symbolically as омыть. Also, to drink alcohol for something.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;смыться - to flee&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;взмыть - to fly up, climb&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2019-10-05T11:44:42.690" LastActivityDate="2019-10-05T11:44:42.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20636" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20638" CreationDate="2019-10-05T22:26:13.400" Score="2" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm reading an &lt;a href=&quot;https://arzamas.academy/materials/695&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; which starts with the sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Началом русского авангарда принято считать 1907 год...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that началом русского авангарда is the object of считать, so why is считать in the infinitive form here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6686" LastActivityDate="2019-10-06T05:22:44.327" Title="Sentence with infinitive form verb" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20636" CreationDate="2019-10-06T04:32:50.597" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because it is part of 'принято // считать' which may be translated as 'it is customary // to regard'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10578" LastActivityDate="2019-10-06T04:32:50.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20638" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20636" CreationDate="2019-10-06T05:17:02.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Принято считать — is a predicate of an impersonal sentence when the subject is missing. The same construction in English usually has an impersonal &quot;it&quot; as a formal subject. Some more examples &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Нужно сказать, трудно поверить, интересно отметить, надо признать,хочется верить etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The infinitive in these predicates comes after a verb or an adverb (слова состояния)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2019-10-06T05:22:44.327" LastActivityDate="2019-10-06T05:22:44.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20639" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-06T17:05:20.783" Score="-1" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;я обнаружил, что в кириллице не хватает буквы - пары для ы, как я является парой для а.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в русском языке такой буквы не нужно, но вот в татарском, например, такая буква нужна: например, если к слову &quot;лагерь&quot; добавить суффикс ы, получится [л а г е рь ы], но написать это кириллицей никак. (вариант лагерьы не годится, так как ь является разделяющей буквой).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;предложите варианты для буквы &quot;ьы/йы&quot;. это может быть в виде рисунка, или составлено из знаков юникода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я не спрашиваю у вас буквы для татарского языка, я спрашиваю букву для данной идеи, пары для ы, если бы такая буква была нужна в русском языке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;скопировано из закрытого вопроса из rus.stackexchange.com ( &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/449943/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%83-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5-%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D1%8C%D1%8B-%D0%B9%D1%8B-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%8B-%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0-%D1%8F-%D1%8E-%D0%B5-%D1%91&quot;&gt;№449943&lt;/a&gt; , обсуждение на мете &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/441/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%83-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5&quot;&gt;№441&lt;/a&gt; ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;если бы я обратился в &lt;a href=&quot;https://conlang.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;https://conlang.stackexchange.com/&lt;/a&gt; , как предложил Aer♦, то, думаю, там же тоже наверно не специалисты по кириллице сидят, и они сами обратились бы куда-нибудь как этот сайт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;также в защиту &quot;легальности&quot; вопроса хочу сказать, мне кажется, письменность на основе кириллицы для языков ссср и советского блока создавалась на основе русской письменности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;этот вопрос &quot;open ended&quot;, то есть, может получать неограниченно много разных ответов, но хороших, приемлемых, удобных решений, должно быть, не очень много.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11082" LastEditorUserId="11082" LastEditDate="2019-10-07T17:44:58.530" LastActivityDate="2019-10-07T17:44:58.530" Title="Какую букву посоветуете для обозначения “ьы/йы”, буквы типа я, ю, е, ё?" Tags="&lt;алфавит&gt;&lt;other-languages&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2019-10-07T06:36:35.437" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20639" CreationDate="2019-10-06T20:37:52.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Всё же мы здесь обсуждаем русский язык, а не все варианты существования кириллицы. Как показывает опыт, для сообществ носителей разных языков не составляет проблемы добавить недостающую букву, как ў, ұ, ң и так далее. Поэтому мой ответ - такая буква могла бы выглядеть как угодно, хоть ы с краткой. Это зависит исключительно от мнения лингвистов, разрабатывающих нормы письменности для данного народа, представителей этого народа. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2019-10-06T20:37:52.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20641" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20645" CreationDate="2019-10-07T11:25:06.797" Score="-1" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот это игра так игра..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нужны ли тут запятые или тире? Почему?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11999" LastActivityDate="2019-10-08T05:29:10.467" Title="Конструкция &quot;Вот это (что-то) так (что-то)&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1359" CreationDate="2019-10-08T04:44:32.040" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hebrew served as a major source of Russian names. For example, the erstwhile most popular name 'Иван' stems from the Hebrew יוֹחָנָן‎ (jōħānān, “God is gracious”). Likewise, 'Михаил' comes from the Hebrew מִיכָאֵל‎ (mikha'él, literally “Who is like God?”).  Also Гавриил, Даниил, Нафанаил, Еремей, Иона, Матвей, Аввакум.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Funny enough, some words from the Russian prison slang 'феня' аlso arrived from the same source, though much later: шмон, халява, шабаш.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-10-08T04:44:32.040" CommentCount="1" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-10-08T07:41:48.907" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20641" CreationDate="2019-10-08T05:29:10.467" Score="4" Body="&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Запятая не ставится:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) между двумя повторяющимися словами, из которых второе употреблено с отрицанием не, если сочетание этих слов образует единое смысловое целое, выражающее неполное отрицание или неопределенность в обозначении чего-либо: Страшно не страшно, а на душе как-то строго (Леск.); Дождь не дождь, а паши (Ш.); На нём надето что-то круглое: сюртук не сюртук, пальто не пальто, фрак не фрак, а что-то среднее (С.-Щ.); Рад не рад, корми его (П.); Попал в стаю, лай не лай, а хвостом виляй (Ч.); Маленький не маленький, а это знать не мешает; Была не была — пойду;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) при повторении слова с частицей &lt;strong&gt;так&lt;/strong&gt; для усиления смысла: Пропаду так пропаду, всё равно! (Дост.); Свадьба так свадьба; я Огудалова, я нищенства не допущу (Остр.); Вот это была косьба так косьба! (См.); Да так да, нет так нет; Не надо так не надо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Розенталь Справочник по русскому языку. Пунктуация. § 16.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-10-08T05:29:10.467" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20646" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20647" CreationDate="2019-10-09T23:55:03.043" Score="2" ViewCount="164" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would a good (American) English equivalent of &quot;Чё вытворяет?&quot; be &quot;What is he up to?&quot; or &quot;What's up with him?&quot; What's the connotation, exactly? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11727" LastActivityDate="2019-10-10T03:50:11.683" Title="How to translate чё вытворяет?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2019-10-10T06:44:25.773" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20647" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20646" CreationDate="2019-10-10T03:50:11.683" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Considering the slight grammatical incorrectness and casualness of the original Russian phrase, I would suggest something along the lines of: &quot;the hell is he doing?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although the exact meaning and translation are certainly subject to context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastActivityDate="2019-10-10T03:50:11.683" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20648" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20651" CreationDate="2019-10-13T19:58:51.063" Score="5" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(a) Эта машина такая же, как та машина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) Эта машина такая, как та машина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) Эта машина не такая же, как та машина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) Эта машина не такая, как та машина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are all of these sentences correct? Is &amp;quot;же&amp;quot; necessary in &amp;quot;такая же, как&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12656" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-10-18T10:33:08.537" Title="Is &quot;же&quot; necessary in &quot;такая же, как&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20649" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20648" CreationDate="2019-10-13T20:24:49.473" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эта машина такая же, как та (машина)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(b) Эта машина такая, как та.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(c) Эта машина не такая же, как та.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(d) Эта машина не такая, как та.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, you don't need to repeat the noun.It will sound more natural omitting it. Secondly, the positive pair of sentences is correct and has the same meaning,  as well as the negative ones, so you can use them interchangeably. There's a slight difference in intensity. Же is a particle which serves as an intensifier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2019-10-14T17:00:56.023" LastActivityDate="2019-10-14T17:00:56.023" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20651" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20648" CreationDate="2019-10-14T10:20:53.800" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are all of these sentences correct? Is &quot;же&quot; necessary in &quot;такая же,&#xA;  как&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of them may be correct in a relevant context. However, depending on what you're trying to say, же can be preferred or better left out. Example (in a neutral context): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This car is the same as that one. - Эта машина такая &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt;, как та.&#xA;This car is not the same as that one. - Эта машина не такая, как та.&lt;/em&gt; (although in real life I'd probably say &lt;em&gt;Это не такая машина&lt;/em&gt; or maybe even &lt;em&gt;Это разные машины&lt;/em&gt;, depending on the situation)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps. Feel free to ask for further clarifications.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12658" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2019-10-18T10:33:08.537" LastActivityDate="2019-10-18T10:33:08.537" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20652" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20654" CreationDate="2019-10-14T17:24:15.147" Score="3" ViewCount="322" Body="&lt;p&gt;AFAIK the perfective aspect expresses an event which has already finished once and the imperfective aspect expresses a single unfinished event or a periodic event. Why would someone use the perfective aspect in the infinitive? Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я хочу поехать в Бразилию (= I want to go to Brazil)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why поехать (perfective) is used instead of ехать (imperfective) ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12516" LastActivityDate="2020-05-21T04:28:21.880" Title="Perfective and imperfective with infinitive" Tags="&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2459" CreationDate="2019-10-14T18:27:11.397" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ну так оттуда и кощунство, как насмешка над проповедью. А ведь кощУны - это те, кто «кости перемывали», так сказать насмехались и веселились, при этом говоря правду. Не кажется ли Вам, что они напоминают нам сейчас сатириков? И значит &quot;кощуна&quot; - это сатира.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12659" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2019-10-14T22:31:20.930" LastActivityDate="2019-10-14T22:31:20.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20652" CreationDate="2019-10-14T18:50:15.973" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you say &quot;я хочу ехать&quot; it will mean that you want to find yourself in an act of riding/travelling/moving right now. The same, for instance, with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;пойти&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, so:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я хочу идти - I want to be going.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я хочу пойти - I want to go. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is that indeed &lt;code&gt;по-&lt;/code&gt; add &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE-#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the perfective aspect&lt;/a&gt; - however in this particular case you should think of this as if  the person says that they want to complete that action. It's actually slightly more complicated than that because, ironically, as you can see if you'll follow the link provided, for some words it designates imperfective aspect. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yet another example of why we should just learn such things by heart. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-10-14T20:03:10.617" LastActivityDate="2019-10-14T20:03:10.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20656" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20648" CreationDate="2019-10-15T02:20:23.660" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;To my ear if you say такая же, you mean they're exactly the same in every way, while just using такая could mean similar in some way but not all ways, i. e.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эта машина такая как та, они обе плохо в гору едут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This isn't a hard rule, it's just often used in such a way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2019-10-15T02:20:23.660" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20648" CreationDate="2019-10-15T15:15:58.413" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;такая же = exactly the same&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;такая = similar in some respect, such as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The currently accepted answer is wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2019-10-15T15:15:58.413" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20659" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20572" CreationDate="2019-10-16T13:13:38.240" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The editor of the Russian translation of &quot;General Physics&quot; by Douglas Giancoli says that there are two words for &quot;скорость&quot; in English thus implying that in Russian there is no difference between &lt;em&gt;speed&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;velocity&lt;/em&gt;.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11029" LastActivityDate="2019-10-16T13:13:38.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20609" CreationDate="2019-10-16T13:21:32.443" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Иногда одно и то же слово, встречаясь в двух языках, имеет в них значение не то что «несходное», а скорее прямо противоположное. Вот пример: мы говорим «черствый» о хлебе, который уже остыл и засох; «теплый», мягкий хлеб у нас противопоставляется холодному, «черствому». А у чехов слово «черстви» означает как раз наоборот: «свежий», «прохладный». Каким же образом так разошлись значения этого слова? Подумайте сами: в обоих языках есть и общий оттенок значения: «холодный», «остывший». Остывший хлеб – черствый хлеб. Человек, в груди которого «остыли чувства», – черствый, холодной души человек. Это у нас, в русском языке. А чехи пошли по другой линии. У них «черстви витр» – «прохладный», то есть свежий, ветер. Одно и то же слово у двух народов имеет противоположные, но тесно связанные между собою значения.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Лев Успенский. Слово о словах. Лениздат, 1962г.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11029" LastActivityDate="2019-10-16T13:21:32.443" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20661" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20648" CreationDate="2019-10-16T13:41:50.137" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for me I would never omit &quot;же&quot; in positive statements with &quot;как&quot; and never add it in negative statements.&#xA;So only (a) and (d) sounds natural to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12339" LastActivityDate="2019-10-16T13:41:50.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20662" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20663" CreationDate="2019-10-16T14:46:11.330" Score="4" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want to label items so that in the event that someone steals one of them from you everyone will know where they got it from, in English you can write &quot;Stolen From&quot;, e.g. &quot;Stolen From Ruffle's Office&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would you do this in Russian? Would you write &quot;Ворованно&quot;, &quot;Украдено&quot;, or something else? Would you decline for gender? Would you translate &quot;from&quot; as &quot;из&quot; &quot;от&quot;, or &quot;у&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11194" LastEditorUserId="11194" LastEditDate="2019-10-16T14:51:51.963" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T23:02:26.063" Title="How to translate into Russian a &quot;Stolen From&quot; label - украдено? ворованное?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20663" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20662" CreationDate="2019-10-16T15:07:47.440" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it's stolen from a person, then it will be, for instance, &quot;украдено у Льва Петровича&quot;, if we are talking here about about a company or organization, &quot;украдено из&quot; would be correct (or, to sound less strict, would be with a higher probability more appropriate), like in &quot;украдено из Петровского парка&quot; or &quot;Украдено из ООО &quot;Амурские авиасистемы&quot;. The neuter form would be ok for gender-agnostic designation, one can say &quot;украдена у Льва Петровича&quot; however this would be very unnatural without the actual noun: &quot;[эта] книга украдена у Льва Петровича&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However! While those phrases are technically correct nobody in Russia talks like that and use this particular form in sake of purposes you've mentioned. It'll be just &quot;собственность Льва Петровича&quot; / &quot;cобственность Петровского парка&quot; etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2019-10-16T19:37:27.907" LastActivityDate="2019-10-16T19:37:27.907" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20665" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20648" CreationDate="2019-10-16T20:35:18.110" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Depends upon what you try to conwey, to stress.&#xA;The meanings overlap a lot, but priorities weigh in, what you consider primary message and what - undertones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want characterize object A by comparing to object B then же is not needed.&#xA;Like you may try to explain nuanced colours to a professional painter. He knows very many colour terms, but you don't. But you may say something like &quot;i would like this wall with a colour LIKE the skies near that cloud&quot; ~ &quot;мне понравится, есди у стена будет такого цвета, как небо вокруг вон того облака&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There was once a pop song &quot;Такого как Путин&quot; - with the repeats going like &quot;I want me a husband like a Putin so he would do X&quot;. There was no actual husband there, there was just &quot;copying&quot; characteristics from a well known object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The opposing intention, instead of the characterizing something by analogy, with neither giving detailed descriptions nor listing through soecialized dictionaries, would be stressing the &quot;sameness&quot; (or, sometimes, lack of it) of some objectes. When you do not care that much what &quot;value&quot; the attribute has, but the fact of it being the same. It can be surprise, anger, disapproval, questioning, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, you may come to unknown village and roam the streets, trying to &quot;find the house with the walls SAME colour as on this old photograph&quot; - &quot;искать дом со стенами ТОГО ЖЕ цвета, как на этой старой фотографии&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or maybe there is a heap of mess in the room, you hold some left boot and you ask someone to find a pair. You might end up saying &quot;help me to find the boot that is all the SAME but is right one&quot; - &quot;помогите мне найти ботинок ТАКОЙ ЖЕ только правый&quot;. While this does, among other thing, fix the attribites, the qualities of a missing boot, you primary concern is not in those specific colour or size or shape but in the boot as a whole being a MATCH for the one you hold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastActivityDate="2019-10-16T20:35:18.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20666" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20670" CreationDate="2019-10-17T01:44:10.520" Score="3" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it grammatically correct to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Подпишись, чтобы не пропустить новы&lt;strong&gt;х&lt;/strong&gt; видео&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or should I say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Подпишись, чтобы не пропустить новы&lt;strong&gt;e&lt;/strong&gt; видео&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please, instead of just saying which option is right, provide some explanation and sources.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-10-17T07:01:08.757" LastActivityDate="2019-10-17T12:39:07.973" Title="&quot;Чтобы не пропустить новые видео&quot; or &quot;новых видео&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20667" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20666" CreationDate="2019-10-17T01:58:38.917" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The second is much better, but you can also use singular form &quot;новое видео&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11922" LastActivityDate="2019-10-17T01:58:38.917" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20666" CreationDate="2019-10-17T08:22:23.123" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an accusative case. &quot;Видео&quot; is inanimate noun.&#xA;So, despite the noun itself is unchangeable you need to put the adjective in the correct form.&#xA;Thus, only &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Подпишись, чтобы не пропустить новые видео&quot; (answering the question &quot;Что?&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is the correct option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you had a sentence with animate noun it would be &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Подпишись, чтобы не пропустить новых друзей&quot; (answering the question &quot;Кого?&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any source of Russian grammar would work here. Like this one&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.russianlessononline.com/accusative-case-in-russian-language/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.russianlessononline.com/accusative-case-in-russian-language/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically, this is an example of Caritive case, one of the additional cases. Sometimes it's identical to the Genitive and sometimes to the Accusative. Sometimes both form works.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abessive_case#See_also&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abessive_case#See_also&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the mentioned sentences it is identical to Accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12339" LastEditorUserId="12339" LastEditDate="2019-10-17T12:39:07.973" LastActivityDate="2019-10-17T12:39:07.973" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20666" CreationDate="2019-10-17T09:04:02.750" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that the problem can be restated as whether the direct object видео should be used in genitive case or accusative case. It is not as straightforward as VaNdal tried to convince you. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia states that the direct object is used in Russian mostly in accusative case and &lt;em&gt;sometimes&lt;/em&gt; in genitive case after transitive verbs.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81)#%D0%92_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Выделяют прямое дополнение — беспредложное дополнение после переходного глагола (в русском языке — в &lt;strong&gt;винительном&lt;/strong&gt;, иногда в &lt;strong&gt;родительном&lt;/strong&gt; падеже)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am afraid that this is the case. Like &quot;не пить воды&quot; or &quot;не видеть леса за деревьями&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11029" LastActivityDate="2019-10-17T09:04:02.750" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20671" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20662" CreationDate="2019-10-17T20:09:48.723" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Had we been using this wording in a serious vein, the optimal verb would have been &quot;похищенo&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In reality, though, this wording is never used seriously. Still, I can imagine it being employed in a jocular vein -- in which case the verb should be downgraded to the sarcastic (and pretty vulgar) synonym &quot;спизжено&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastActivityDate="2019-10-17T20:09:48.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20672" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-17T23:43:24.930" Score="1" ViewCount="64" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across this sentence &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В этой реке много рыбы плавает&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that after много you need the genitive plural of a noun, and рыбы is the genitive plural of рыба so why isn't it &quot;...рыбы плавают&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9762" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-10-18T06:58:49.407" LastActivityDate="2019-10-18T06:58:49.407" Title="&quot;Много рыбы плавает&quot; - why not &quot;плавают&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2019-10-18T06:58:15.623" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20675" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20688" CreationDate="2019-10-18T20:17:15.907" Score="0" ViewCount="134" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the limited available resources online, i was able to determine at first that soft adjectives is just with the stem ending ний as explained on these websites (&lt;a href=&quot;http://masterrussian.com/aa040801a.shtml)(http://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/adjectives.php)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://masterrussian.com/aa040801a.shtml)(http://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/adjectives.php)&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;but then when i was doing some exercises that required me to conjugate adjectives to different cases i ran into some adjectives that took the soft stem ending instead of the hard adjective ending which i thought it would be.&#xA;Example: горячий чай (nominative singular case) --&gt; горячему чаю (dative singular case) &#xA;I don't understand why this would take the soft adjective declensions rather than hard adjective declensions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another thing i could not understand the conjugation of: &#xA;мягкий ковёр --&gt; мягкому ковёр &#xA;Why would it not be мягкему  instead of the correct answer for the declension in the dative case мягкому. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i have been looking at the definition of soft adjectives and why they are formed on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Russian/Grammar/Adjectives&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Russian/Grammar/Adjectives&lt;/a&gt; and understand that they are formed because of the 7 letter spelling rule, but it still doesn't explain why some adjectives are declined as if they are soft when they don't end in the stem ний. Is it just best to memorize which of the adjectives are soft because i cannot find any information online about this subject. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="11021" LastEditDate="2019-10-18T21:17:08.183" LastActivityDate="2019-10-22T12:18:46.530" Title="How do you determine when an adjective is a soft adjective when the ending is not ний" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20677" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-19T13:45:08.383" Score="1" ViewCount="80" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как будет правильно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он направился к пивной напрямую через лужи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он направился к пивной, напрямую, через лужи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12677" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2019-10-20T17:22:40.067" LastActivityDate="2019-10-20T17:22:40.067" Title="&quot;Напрямую, через лужи&quot; или &quot;напрямую через лужи&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20677" CreationDate="2019-10-19T14:07:38.203" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The right version would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он направился к пивной напрямую, через лужи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's because in this particular case one can just say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он направился к пивной через лужи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, comma here separates &lt;code&gt;через&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;напрямую&lt;/code&gt;. More specifically, it is clarification, it covered in &lt;a href=&quot;http://old-rozental.ru/punctuatio.php?sid=118&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Уточняющие члены предложения&quot;&lt;/a&gt; in on of the most famous and de-facto used grammar references.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind however, that unlike the spelling, punctuation is way less stricter and a lot of things depend on context and intonation. For instance, in this particular case one can think of &quot;через лужи&quot; not as a clarifying part (explaining what does exactly &quot;напрямую&quot; mean here) but as an integral part of the described direction. In that case it would be just &quot;напрямую через лужи&quot;, without comma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Коротко по-русски: если интонационно это уточнение, то запятая нужна. Напрямую - а как именно напрямую? - ну, через лужи. Если &quot;через лужи&quot; в данном случае логически составляет единое целое с &quot;напрямую&quot;, то запятая не нужна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-10-19T14:14:16.553" LastActivityDate="2019-10-19T14:14:16.553" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20679" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20680" CreationDate="2019-10-19T18:22:34.773" Score="8" ViewCount="489" Body="&lt;p&gt;В свете последних &lt;a href=&quot;https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/334900/official-faq-on-gender-pronouns-and-code-of-conduct-changes&quot;&gt;событий в сети StackExchange&lt;/a&gt; хотелось бы понять как переводить слово they, употребленное в единственном числе, и словосочетания с ним (they did и т.д.), встречающиеся в гендерно-нейтральном контексте. В случае известного пола привычный перевод &quot;он/она сделал/сделала&quot;, как оказалось, может кого-то оскорбить, а &quot;оно сделало&quot; звучит ужасно. Что делать в случае неизвестного пола (контекст отсутствует или гендерная нейтральность выдержана на 100%) неясно совсем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11813" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-10-19T18:46:05.360" LastActivityDate="2019-10-22T18:50:24.353" Title="Перевод they в единственном числе" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;местоимения&gt;&lt;этикет&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20680" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20679" CreationDate="2019-10-19T18:29:11.207" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;They - это они. Если вы хотите придерживаться тех же стандартов гендерной нейтральности, что приняты в некоторых сообществах пользователей (далеко, кстати, не во всех),  то можете преспокойно писать &quot;они&quot; вместо &quot;он&quot;/&quot;она&quot;, ну например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если какому-то пользователю надо связаться с со службой поддержки, то им легче будет это сделать через веб-сайт. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тут будет то же самое противоречие между единственным числом и местоимением во множественном числе - но это ровно то же самое противоречие, которое возникает в английском. Некоторые живут с таким противоречием, некоторые стараются по возможности всё писать во множественном числе. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А ещё проблемы надо решать по мере поступления. Возможно, вы будете писать всё время &quot;он/она&quot; и никто не оскорбится. А всё будете писать и будете. А никто всё равно не оскорбится. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-10-19T18:29:11.207" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20679" CreationDate="2019-10-19T19:10:31.927" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Проблемы нет,  потому что в каждой конкретной ситуации можно предложить разные варианты. Хочу напомнить о том,  что в русском языке существуют «нейтральные существительные», такие как «человек, персона, лицо», иногда можно использовать безличные предложения и старый верный вариант «он или она».Переводить калькой «они» сейчас кажется, мягко говоря,странным.Возможно, это и войдет в практику в будущем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-10-19T19:10:31.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20679" CreationDate="2019-10-20T10:20:38.747" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Можно, хотя бы в части случаев, использовать безличный пассив - &quot;было сделано&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если какому-то пользователю надо связаться с со службой поддержки, то &lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt; легче будет сделать через веб-сайт.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11029" LastActivityDate="2019-10-20T10:20:38.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20683" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20679" CreationDate="2019-10-20T16:47:04.080" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;В русском языке род не всегда связан с полом. Род местоимения должен соответствовать роду соответствующего существительного. Если вы пишете &quot;пользователь&quot;, то должны называть его &quot;он&quot;, не зависимо от пола. А если пишете &quot;персона&quot;, то должны называть её &quot;она&quot;, хотя это может быть мужчина. То есть, ничего оскорбительного нет если местоимение не соответствует реальному полу.&#xA;Если вы хотите быть вообще гендерно-нейтральным, можете использовать слово среднего рода (&quot;лицо&quot;), например. Так делают и многие законы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2019-10-20T16:47:04.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20684" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20679" CreationDate="2019-10-20T17:40:21.223" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as Stack Exchange is concerned, the official guide on pronouns states:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;For now, while the intent of being inclusive and respectful of all gender identities applies to all our communities, the specific requirements around pronoun usage apply only to English language sites. As we determine best practices in other languages, we’ll work with those communities and update guidance for those languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the other places, I'm not familiar with any usage practices widely enough to serve as general guidelines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-10-20T17:40:21.223" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20685" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20679" CreationDate="2019-10-20T18:34:54.363" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;как переводить слово they, употребленное в единственном числе, и словосочетания с ним (they did и т.д.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a common pattern in Russian language for case like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This pattern is used mostly in legal documents, but if StackExchange requires common texts to be legaly clean, then you can use legal way of writing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How to use the pattern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ending of female gender is put in parenthesis, because in Russian language female words are usually longer, that male words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если он(-а) совершил(-а) действие и/или проявил(-а) бездействие, тогда содеянное наказывается штрафом от 5 до 10 МРОТ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пилот посадил(-а) самолет на кукурузное поле.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12097" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-10-22T18:50:24.353" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11280" CreationDate="2019-10-21T08:59:44.170" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't really know the rules, but I'm a native speaker, and this is how I see the situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general both a correct: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Об меня&lt;/em&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;em&gt;О меня&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. But second option (&quot;О меня&quot;) sounds more in an ancient way. Like in fairy-tails: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ударился &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;земь&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.nl/books?id=7XhpAwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA174&amp;amp;lpg=PA174&amp;amp;dq=%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=lC6_bVqVD3&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U377S0vmGbNj_AkJEhx6aNLsb1Ekg&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwjF_abs-6zlAhXO0KQKHW-VBm8Q6AEwCXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[link]&lt;/a&gt;. In a modern talk we'd say &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ударился об землю&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To get some clue where use what I'd suggest to use &quot;&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; and &quot;&lt;strong&gt;обо&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; as &quot;&lt;strong&gt;about&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я беспокоюсь &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; нём&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Ты думаешь &lt;strong&gt;обо&lt;/strong&gt; мне&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And use &quot;&lt;strong&gt;об&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; to pointing things: &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я ударился &lt;strong&gt;об&lt;/strong&gt; камень&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (&quot;&lt;em&gt;Я ударился &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; камень&lt;/em&gt;&quot; is also correct)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8481" LastActivityDate="2019-10-21T08:59:44.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20688" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20675" CreationDate="2019-10-22T12:18:46.530" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the resource you've provided (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Russian/Grammar/Adjectives&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Russian/Grammar/Adjectives&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Let's take a look at &lt;strong&gt;мягкий ковёр&lt;/strong&gt;. The ending is &lt;strong&gt;NOT&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;-ний&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-няя&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-нее&lt;/em&gt;, then, it does not have soft ending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dative form is &lt;strong&gt;мягкому ковру&lt;/strong&gt;. The explanation: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the adjective ends in the 5-letter rule (ш, щ, ч, ж, ц) or the soft ending (-ний), they end in -ему. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мягкий&lt;/strong&gt; does not have soft ending, it also does not end on &lt;strong&gt;ш, щ, ч, ж, ц&lt;/strong&gt;. So the only left conclusion is to add &lt;strong&gt;-ому&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Now let's take a look at &lt;strong&gt;горячий чай&lt;/strong&gt;. The ending is &lt;strong&gt;NOT&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;-ний&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-няя&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;-нее&lt;/em&gt;, then, it does not have soft ending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dative form is &lt;strong&gt;горячему чаю&lt;/strong&gt;. The explanation: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If the adjective ends in the 5-letter rule (ш, щ, ч, ж, ц) or the soft ending (-ний), they end in -ему. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Горячий&lt;/strong&gt; does not have soft ending, but it &lt;strong&gt;does&lt;/strong&gt; end on &lt;strong&gt;ч&lt;/strong&gt;. So the only left conclusion is to add &lt;strong&gt;-ему&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11706" LastActivityDate="2019-10-22T12:18:46.530" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20689" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-23T01:07:46.133" Score="4" ViewCount="406" Body="&lt;p&gt;В стихотворении Пастернака «Определение поэзии» есть строфа:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Всё, что ночи так важно сыскать&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;На глубоких купаленных доньях,&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;И звезду донести до садка&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;На трепещущих мокрых ладонях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я никак не могу понять значение прилагательного «купаленные». Что оно обозначает? Это неологизм?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12687" LastEditorUserId="1688" LastEditDate="2019-10-27T22:58:09.887" LastActivityDate="2019-10-27T22:58:09.887" Title="Что такое «купаленные донья»?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;лингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20689" CreationDate="2019-10-23T02:03:28.147" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Купаленный» — прилагательное от «купальня». &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Донья» — множественное число от «дно».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Анализ стихотворения «Определение поэзии» можно почитать &lt;a href=&quot;https://m.studme.org/211113/literatura/analiz_stihotvoreniya_pasternaka_opredelenie_poezii&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;тут&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-10-23T02:03:28.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20691" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20692" CreationDate="2019-10-23T17:27:17.207" Score="9" ViewCount="680" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am very much puzzled by the idiom &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;что уж там&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and its sister &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;чего уж там&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;. Let me show you a few sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Давайте везде курить, &lt;strong&gt;что уж там&lt;/strong&gt;, детям в лицо: депутат Госдумы (&lt;a href=&quot;https://regnum.ru/news/polit/2667285.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Да &lt;strong&gt;что уж там&lt;/strong&gt;, благодаря им выросли экономики целой полдюжины стран. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.gazeta.ru/culture/2019/05/20/a_12366199.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) И мне линк давайте, &lt;strong&gt;что уж там&lt;/strong&gt;. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://habr.com/ru/users/oowl/comments/page4/?mobile=no&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) Самокопание, уверенность в себе и – &lt;strong&gt;чего уж там&lt;/strong&gt; – правильное место и правильное время важны наравне с талантом. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://impactlab.media/2019/01/10/po-ponyatiyam-8-zhiznennyih-istin-kotoryim-nas-uchit-chernoe-zerkalo&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) Он вошел с ключом огромным,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Намекнул с порога сам:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Разуваться? – так нескромно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Раздевайся, &lt;strong&gt;что уж там&lt;/strong&gt;. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hohmodrom.ru/project.php?prid=48338&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question: What is the meaning of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;что уж там&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;чего уж там&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; when they are used as idioms like in Examples (1)-(5) above?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to do my own research, but got conflicting results. For example, Reverso Context offers a variety of English translations, e.g., &amp;quot;anyway,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;even,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;come on.&amp;quot; I feel that such translations do not hit the bull's eye and do not catch the precise meaning of the idiom, but I am at a loss as to exactly what is that precise meaning. I humbly hope that native Russian speakers can kindly help a confused Japanese student understand this idiom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-11-19T12:25:50.270" Title="What does the idiom &quot;что уж там&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20692" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20691" CreationDate="2019-10-23T18:30:44.157" Score="10" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Давайте везде курить, что уж там, детям в лицо: депутат Госдумы.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &quot;что уж там&quot; is very close to &quot;whatever&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Да что уж там, благодаря им выросли экономики целой полдюжины стран. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's it's close to &quot;let's be honest&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;И мне линк давайте, что уж там.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here it can be translated as - &quot;Aaaaah, whaveter, give me the link&quot; or &quot;Ah, screw it, give me the link&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Самокопание, уверенность в себе и – чего уж там – правильное место и правильное время важны наравне с талантом. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's it close to &quot;let's be honest here&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Раздевайся, что уж там.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's sort of &quot;to hell with all this etiquette, get naked!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can ask - why on Earth this can mean quite different things, the answer is pretty simple though - &quot;что уж там&quot;/&quot;чего уж там&quot; is a short form of &quot;что уж там&quot; plus some verb, let's revisit all examples you've provided. We can rewrite than using following forms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;чего уж там стесняться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;да что уж там скрывать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;что уж там выпендриваться&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;чего уж там умалчивать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;раздевайся, чего уж там кокетничать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See, now it all makes sense :)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-10-23T20:30:10.970" LastActivityDate="2019-10-23T20:30:10.970" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20693" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-24T04:39:20.017" Score="2" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;Thank you for any help in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Трениро́вки дали ему́ силу и уве́ренность.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the above, I understand that емý is in the dative and силу и уве́ренность are in the accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I ask why силу и уве́ренность are in the accusative when ему́ seems to me to be the direct object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is understanding that if емý is in the dative case then it cannot be the direct object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone explain?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12690" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-10-24T09:30:02.803" LastActivityDate="2019-10-24T09:30:02.803" Title="Direct object confusion: &quot;ему&quot; or &quot;силу&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20694" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20693" CreationDate="2019-10-24T05:25:37.097" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just like in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Training has given him strength and confidence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Strength and confidence&quot; is the direct object while &quot;him&quot; is the indirect object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тренировки дали ему силу и уверенность.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Direct object: силу и уверенность.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indirect object: ему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-10-24T05:25:37.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20695" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20700" CreationDate="2019-10-25T04:40:10.090" Score="0" ViewCount="133" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not sure how to interpret the pronoun in this one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ей вы́слали приглаше́ние, но она́ не пришла́.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously the second &quot;she&quot; is in nominative, but what about the first one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at the declension alone it could be either dative or instrumental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can see arguments for both: dative because 'she' could answer the 'to whom/what' of the verb 'sent'. Instrumental because 'she' could be the 2nd direct object alongside the invitation. I also considered instrumental via the logical subject route but since the phrase does not mention one who could function as the sender, I doubt she becomes the logical subject by default.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there some other rule that I do not know about? Perhaps it has to do with the 2nd 'she'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12690" LastActivityDate="2019-10-26T11:20:53.080" Title="Dative or instrumental case hegemony?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20696" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20695" CreationDate="2019-10-25T04:53:52.400" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Grammatically, this could have been the instrumental indeed, however, semantics of the sentence rule this possibility out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Parsing this sentence with &lt;em&gt;ей&lt;/em&gt; in instrumental would yield something like &quot;the invitation was sent with her (using her as a tool)&quot; which makes little sense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-10-25T11:42:31.557" LastActivityDate="2019-10-25T11:42:31.557" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20698" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-10-25T17:17:24.780" Score="2" ViewCount="165" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm writing a program that does many things, but one thing it needs to do is remove stress marks above Russian letters if there are any. Can someone tell me if these are all the letters that I will need to look for? Do capital letters ever have stress marks above them in sentences? Does ё ever have a stress mark above it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;аа́ ээ́ уу́ оо́ ыы́ яя́ ее́ юю́ ии́&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12092" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T22:20:39.107" Title="Which letters will possibly have stress marks above them?" Tags="&lt;vowel&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20699" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20698" CreationDate="2019-10-25T17:40:05.513" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian stresses are used only in books for foreign learner, dictionaries and academic papers when necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we are talking about Russian - and not Cyrillic in general - this kind of accentuation exist only for vowels, that is, exactly for the list you've mentioned: &lt;code&gt;а́&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;е́&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;и́&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;о́&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;у́&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ы́&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;э́&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ю́&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;я́&lt;/code&gt;.  Yes, all these letter can have uppercased stressed version: &lt;code&gt;А́&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Е́&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;И́&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;О́&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;У́&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Ы́&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Э́&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Ю́&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Я́&lt;/code&gt;. And no, &quot;ё&quot; can never have stress because apart from very rare and even specially constructed examples, &quot;ё&quot; is always stressed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-10-25T20:09:52.320" LastActivityDate="2019-10-25T20:09:52.320" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20695" CreationDate="2019-10-26T11:20:53.080" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As observed by Quassnoi, the Instrumental would not make much sense in your example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there are many other phrases that could be analyzed either way, for instance &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ей было сделано предложение,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  - most probably means &quot;there was an offer/engagement made to her&quot; (Dat.),&#xA;  but technically can be read as &quot;An offer was made by her&quot; (Instr.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note however, that feminine nouns and pronouns have two forms of  Instrumental, &#xA;&lt;em&gt;«ей»&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;«ею»&lt;/em&gt;, and only the former one can be confused with our cases. &#xA;Every time when a speaker feels that there can be an ambiguity, one would simply chose the unreduced form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ею было сделано предложение&lt;/em&gt;,  &quot;an offer was made by her&quot;, certainly Instr.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you if you need a rule of thumb, you can always try to interpret &lt;em&gt;«ей»&lt;/em&gt; as Dative first, and then as Instrumental if the Dative does not make sense in the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2019-10-26T11:20:53.080" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20701" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20705" CreationDate="2019-10-26T19:02:16.967" Score="4" ViewCount="593" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yesterday I've learned about a fascinating (and really depressing) psychological phenomenon which is called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsive_hoarding&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;compulsive hoarding&quot;&lt;/a&gt;. The Russian article about this phenomenon is called &quot;Патологическое накопительство&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is that, however, for the term hoarder (that is, a person with such disorder) it's more difficult to find exact Russian counterpart. For instance, Плюшкин is more close to just unsystematic collector, and &quot;барахольщик&quot; is also something yet related though quite different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question would be - what is the closest term to English hoarder we can come with in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-10-29T00:30:13.253" LastActivityDate="2019-12-29T01:24:34.893" Title="How to call hoarders in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20587" CreationDate="2019-10-26T19:33:35.977" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is an exception to the general pronunciation of &quot;г&quot; ([g] / [k]). In native Russian words, a &quot;г&quot; directly before &quot;к&quot; or &quot;ч&quot; is pronounced [x]. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other exceptions of the pronunciation of &quot;г&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;г&quot; is pronounced as в ( [v] / [ʋ] ) in genitive endings &quot;-го&quot; of adjectives, participles, their nominalizations (eg. &quot;управля́ющего&quot;, &quot;дежу́рного&quot;) and applicable pronouns (eg &quot;его́&quot;, &quot;како́го&quot;); .&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;г&quot; is pronounced [х] in &quot;Бог&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;г&quot; is pronounced [ɦ] / [ɣ] in certain interjections (&quot;ага&quot;, &quot;гей&quot;) and  in the vocative &quot;Го́споди&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12516" LastEditorUserId="12516" LastEditDate="2019-11-04T12:53:40.430" LastActivityDate="2019-11-04T12:53:40.430" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20703" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20704" CreationDate="2019-10-28T03:49:46.753" Score="5" ViewCount="309" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я предпочита́ю зелёный чай чёрному.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this sentence зелёный [nominative] should be зелёного [accusative] because чай is the direct object and therefore in accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I came across this sentence and want to know if they made a mistake or if there is a grammatical reason which I am not aware of?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12690" LastActivityDate="2019-10-28T11:50:14.280" Title="Case Disagreement: Noun and its Adjective" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20703" CreationDate="2019-10-28T07:44:27.640" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;This sentence is grammatically sound. The reason for the apparent disagreement is the following. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;strong&gt;предпочитать&lt;/strong&gt; takes two objects:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a direct object in the accusative (зелёный чай)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an optional indirect object in the dative (чёрному [чаю])&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For inanimate masculine gender objects, the accusative coincides with the the nominative (зелёный чай) and not genitive (зелёного чая) as it does for animate objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentence employs an ellipsis that omits the word [чаю] after &lt;strong&gt;чёрному&lt;/strong&gt; like in the English example: &lt;em&gt;John likes black tea and Mary likes green&lt;/em&gt; [tea].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps clear up the confusion. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2019-10-28T11:50:14.280" LastActivityDate="2019-10-28T11:50:14.280" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20701" CreationDate="2019-10-28T12:41:21.450" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;AFAIK, both &quot;плюшкин&quot; and &quot;барахольшик&quot; is used for both really ill people and people with borderline hoarding behaviour. I.e. their homes don't look like a total mess, but they definitely have problems with getting rid of unused or broken stuff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think there a  term for real compulsive hoarders in Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could use something like &quot;патологический барахольщик&quot; if you need to specify the level of the problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastEditorUserId="1836" LastEditDate="2019-10-29T12:18:34.267" LastActivityDate="2019-10-29T12:18:34.267" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20701" CreationDate="2019-10-28T18:52:36.883" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Скопидом» is quite close to intended meaning, though it is a bit archaic and may also be used in positive light.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12019" LastActivityDate="2019-10-28T18:52:36.883" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20691" CreationDate="2019-10-28T22:06:19.613" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Пофигу&quot; (переносный смысл, сатира)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Да, &quot;можно сказать&quot; или &quot;благодаря им...&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Ну ладно&quot; или &quot;хорошо, уговорили&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Ещё в чем-либо&quot;, выражает незнание чего-либо или не хотение разбираться (способ сокращения)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;нечего стыдиться&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12714" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-10-30T21:27:07.200" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T21:27:07.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20708" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20714" CreationDate="2019-10-29T03:56:32.920" Score="3" ViewCount="170" Body="&lt;p&gt;Она́ что-то шепну́ла ему́ на у́хо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она́ is nominative, all good.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ему́ = dative , на = prepositional or accusative [my guess] &#xA;у́хо = nominative or accusative [my guess]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that его should be the correct inflection to use here because у́хо is ultimately the main declension его must follow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Am I missing something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12690" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-10-29T10:18:49.637" LastActivityDate="2019-10-29T16:06:25.283" Title="Why &quot;она шепнула ему на ухо&quot;, not &quot;она шепнула на его ухо&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20709" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20708" CreationDate="2019-10-29T10:54:38.757" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Languages are different and use different grammatical structures. While English can't do without posessive pronouns and use them in abundance, Russian considers that it's better to show the recipient of an action using the pronoun in the dative.&#xA;Thus we would avoid saying Она что‐то шепнула в его ухо or на его ухо. The best way is &lt;strong&gt;Она что‐то шепнула ему(the recipient ) на ухо&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-10-29T10:54:38.757" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20711" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20712" CreationDate="2019-10-29T15:07:12.010" Score="7" ViewCount="641" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am very much puzzled by the frequently used Russian verb &lt;strong&gt;выпендриваться&lt;/strong&gt; and cannot understand it. Dictionaries and Reverso Context give a variety of translations, but I feel that none of them hits the bull's eye. Perhaps the most common English translation is &quot;to show off.&quot; This English phrasal verb  is &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/show_off&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;defined&lt;/a&gt; in the Oxford dictionary as &quot;to boastfully display abilities or accomplishments&quot; and does not seem to fit, for example, the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Червиченко: «Спартак» опять выпендрился и взял иностранца. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://news.ru/football/chervichenko-spartak-opyat-vypendrilsya-i-vzyal-inostranca&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentence, in the context of the article the sentence is taken from, says that FC Spartak hired a foreign coach and thereby again did what is called &lt;strong&gt;выпендриваться&lt;/strong&gt;. The translation variant &quot;show off&quot; seems highly inaccurate here because hiring a foreign coach has nothing to do with boastfully displaying abilities or accomplishments. Any football club can hire a foreign coach.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adding to my confusion, Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary and Wiktionary give conflicting definitions of &lt;strong&gt;выпендриваться&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ogegova/34062&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Definition&lt;/a&gt; by Ozhegov: важничая, выставлять себя напоказ; проявлять гонор. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Definition&lt;/a&gt; by Wiktionary: сделать что-либо необычным, экстравагантным образом с целью выставить себя напоказ.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you see, Wiktionary defines &lt;strong&gt;выпендриваться&lt;/strong&gt; as to do something in an unusual way for the purpose of putting oneself on display, whilst Ozhegov defines it as to put oneself on display by showing one's own importance and arrogance. I believe there is a principal difference between arrogance and merely doing something in an unusual way, so it seems impossible to reconcile the above definitions unless doing something in an unusual way is by itself considered arrogant in the Russian culture. I wonder whether it really is.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In an attempt to understand &lt;strong&gt;выпендриваться&lt;/strong&gt;, I tried to investigate its etymology and got even more puzzled. Mysteriously, neither Vasmer's etymological dictionary nor Preobrazhensky's etymological dictionary contain this word. On a different SE there is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/q/10991&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; about the etymology of this word, and the only answer given cites a questionable &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.philology.ru/linguistics2/trubachev-65.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;hypothesis&lt;/a&gt; by Trubachev, who suggests a connection to the Old Slavic word &quot;vy-pętriti.&quot; Elistratov's dictionary &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian_argo.academic.ru/2055/%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B6&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;makes&lt;/a&gt; an apparently different suggestion: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ср. устар. диал. «пендёра», «пендеря», «пендюра», «пендерь» — лентяй, «пендюрить» — много есть, «пентерить» — вталкивать, впихивать, «пентеря» — тот, кто лезет не в свое дело, «пентюшиться» — ломаться, кобениться, зазнаваться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So my question is: What are the exact meaning of  &quot;выпендриваться&quot; and existing evidence about the origin of this word?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-10-29T15:46:30.623" LastActivityDate="2020-09-16T08:07:28.550" Title="What are the meaning and etymology of &quot;выпендриваться&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20711" CreationDate="2019-10-29T15:43:12.457" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;hiring a foreign coach has nothing to do with boastfully displaying abilities or accomplishments&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact it has. At least in the Russian culture hiring a foreign coach / teacher / consultant means you have a lot of money, your financial abilities are high, you have achieved / accomplished a new level of financial freedom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Think about 200 years ago when only rich Russian nobles could afford ordering a teacher from abroad (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%91%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;гувернёр&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;unless doing something in an unusual way is by itself considered arrogant in the Russian culture&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe it's the other way around: when you are rich, you are arrogant and you can show off in different extravagant ways. This is a common belief which is quite popular in different cultures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The etimology is very well covered on &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wictionary&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seems like &lt;strong&gt;выпендриваться&lt;/strong&gt; is connected to some ancient words like &lt;strong&gt;выпетриваться, петро&lt;/strong&gt; which means &lt;strong&gt;выветрить, высушить&lt;/strong&gt; by stretching something out, laying out. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Btw, if you are interested in this word you might find interesting these as well: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;выпендрёж, выпендрёжник, выпендрёжница, выпендрёжный&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and some interesting synonyms: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;выёживаться, выкобеливаться&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And a swear word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;выёбываться&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Never use it, I mention it here to show the pattern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can guess these synonyms cannot be used freely. But they generally mean the same: show off in an usual way to display power, arrogance, stubbornness. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastActivityDate="2019-10-29T15:43:12.457" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20701" CreationDate="2019-10-29T15:58:30.843" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the translation of compulsive hoarder would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;человек, страдающий патологическим накопительством&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other words like гобсек reveal negative attitude and no mentioning of the illness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastActivityDate="2019-10-29T15:58:30.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20714" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20708" CreationDate="2019-10-29T16:06:25.283" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because &lt;strong&gt;на ухо&lt;/strong&gt; is a set phrase. You cannot break it apart. Compare it with other set phrases dealing with body parts:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;под руку (сказать)&#xA;в ногу (шагать)&#xA;ни в одном глазу&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and so on. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastActivityDate="2019-10-29T16:06:25.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20691" CreationDate="2019-10-29T16:17:22.773" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The linguistic term for this phenomenon is called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipsis_(linguistics)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ellipsis&lt;/a&gt; - &quot;omission of one or more words that are nevertheless understood in the context of the remaining elements&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I think of this, different other expression come to my mind:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;где уж мне (тебе и т.д.)&#xA;куда уж нам (вам и т.д.)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastActivityDate="2019-10-29T16:17:22.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20711" CreationDate="2019-10-29T16:59:01.093" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will try to address this question not from the linguistic point of view but from the native speaker's one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a rough translation, выпендриваться indeed means &quot;to show off&quot; in the meaning of deliberately acting in an ostentatious/conspicous/flashy way (which deviates from statistical average accepted in a society) to attract attention. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The sentence, in the context of the article the sentence is taken from, says that FC Spartak hired a foreign coach and thereby again did what is called выпендриваться. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a heritage from the Soviet Union, Russian people (and hence, the language) got a particular mentality of considering goods and services from the foreign countries to be of higher quality. Because of the iron curtain, they were rare and covered with an attractive mist. Given the tacit taboo on standing out of society and an active propaganda towards patriotism in consumption, it is obvious that hiring a foreign coach could be considered as выпендрёж whereas there are available Russian ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also agree with the explanation presented by the previous commentator Vitaly Sazanovich on this matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As you see, Wiktionary defines выпендриваться as to do something in an unusual way for the purpose of putting oneself on display, whilst Ozhegov defines it as to put oneself on display by showing one's own importance and arrogance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my understanding, these two definitions are somewhat equivalent. Each of them just highlights different aspect of this word. Выпендриваться basically means to do something in an unusual way for the purpose of putting oneself on display. Besides, the person who is behaving in such was is considered to be arrogant by trying to stand off from the acceptable average.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the origins of the word, the ethymology from &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikitionary&lt;/a&gt; seems to be a plausible one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12719" LastActivityDate="2019-10-29T16:59:01.093" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20719" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20711" CreationDate="2019-10-30T20:40:14.850" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Выпендриваться means to boast something, to show yourself the best you can, but to do it in order to boast your qualities or things you possess. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12726" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T20:40:14.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20691" CreationDate="2019-10-30T20:50:52.197" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure this to be an idiom either. It's just increasing the meaning of the phraze and to be translated in context. It's not used that often, in books yes, but not in everyday life. It can be easily said without там, just чего уже(раз всем дали), дайте и мне ссылку или раздевайся, чего уже (ждать) so as it can be seen it's like missing some continuation of a phraze is being replaced by чего уж там.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12726" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T20:50:52.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20579" CreationDate="2019-10-30T21:25:03.357" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это значит барьер: лицам, старше 16 лет запрещено играть на детских площадках и лицам, у которых вес больше 70 кг тоже. &#xA;Это такая мера безопасности.&#xA;Подробнее здесь: &lt;a href=&quot;https://gorod48.ru/news/1152851/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://gorod48.ru/news/1152851/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12714" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T21:25:03.357" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20698" CreationDate="2019-10-30T22:20:39.107" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ударными буквы бывают только гласные: а, е, о, у, и, я, ю, э (ё - всегда  ударная)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выделяются эти буквы голосом. Они будут иметь маркировку напряжения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например: де́рево, окно́, де́вочка, ёжик и др.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12714" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T22:20:39.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20629" CreationDate="2019-10-30T22:48:24.680" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ввести пароль&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово &quot;внести&quot; означает &quot;внести во внутрь что-либо&quot; или &quot;пополнить счёт&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12714" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T22:48:24.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20662" CreationDate="2019-10-30T23:02:26.063" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы сказал:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;про краденные вещи: &quot;стыбреные&quot;, &quot;стыреные&quot;, &quot;краденые&quot;, &quot;ворованные&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;про краденную информацию: &quot;плагиат&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12714" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T23:02:26.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20726" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19897" CreationDate="2019-10-30T23:25:38.257" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Настрой - это настроение, которое нужно мне для достижения определенных задач или для получения определенного результата (настрой сохраняется длительное время).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Настроение - это внутреннее, душевное состояние на данный момент времени (может меняться)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12714" LastActivityDate="2019-10-30T23:25:38.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20711" CreationDate="2019-10-31T07:27:14.850" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Выпендриваться really means to &quot;show off&quot;. But it like more: &quot;to do simple task in hard way on purpose to show how good I am&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;About etimology - it really doesn't metter. Russian is syntetic language and in many cases root of the word &quot;holds&quot; little to no sense. This is exactly this case. the meaning of the word is concentrated in combination of prefix &quot;вы-&quot; and suffix+ending &quot;-ваться&quot;. You can replace root for any other of you choise and it will mean the same (with some exceptions). The most common variants (excluding rude word with root &quot;-ёб-&quot;) are &quot;выёживаться&quot; and &quot;выделываться&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-10-31T07:27:14.850" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20711" CreationDate="2019-10-31T09:44:10.303" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;выпендриваться&#xA;ВЫПЕНДРЁЖНИЧАТЬ, -аю, -аешь; ВЫПЕНДРИВАТЬСЯ, -аюсь, -аешься; несов. (сов. ВЫПЕНДРИТЬСЯ, -рюсь, -ришься), перед кем и без доп. &lt;strong&gt;Вести себя нагло, вызывающе, высокомерно; пускать пыль в глаза; франтить.&lt;/strong&gt;(to show off, be arrogant)&#xA;The source is Словарь русского арго.&#xA;Etymology has already been given by other people. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-10-31T09:44:10.303" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20559" CreationDate="2019-11-01T12:58:53.440" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Could you explain the mythology and etymology associated with Goddess Khalyava?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no mythology. Do not take any of this seriously. Personifying Халява as a goddess is a joke. Some students, journalists like to be creative on this subject. Rituals are invented every day, you can expect any crazy requirement to win the favor of Goddess Халява. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1671" LastActivityDate="2019-11-01T12:58:53.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20731" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-03T13:59:37.823" Score="2" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;I tried to google it, but all I got is culinary recipes.&#xA;What does &quot;сушить сухари&quot; mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a russian person says something like I should &quot;сушить сухари&quot; and it's clearly not about food, what could it mean?&#xA;Does it refer to a joke?&#xA;Perhaps a popular movie?&#xA;Perhaps a kid's cartoon?&#xA;Or an adult cartoon?&#xA;Or a political incident?&#xA;Perhaps it is an expression?&#xA;If it's an expresison what does it mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to google &quot;сушить сухари&quot; but all I got is recipes about making bisquits&#xA;look, like this - &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and this&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYZWQ1ret_Q&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYZWQ1ret_Q&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is this indeed only about food (bisquits) and doesn't have another meaning? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12737" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-03T17:23:25.363" LastActivityDate="2019-11-03T17:23:25.363" Title="What does &quot;сушить сухари&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="9" ClosedDate="2019-11-03T16:59:35.827" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20732" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20733" CreationDate="2019-11-03T14:47:38.743" Score="3" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've seen both &quot;супермаркет&quot; and &quot;гипермаркет&quot; being used to describe what I would call a &quot;supermarket&quot;, but what is the difference between them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12738" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-03T17:18:48.690" LastActivityDate="2019-11-03T17:18:48.690" Title="Difference between &quot;супермаркет&quot; and &quot;гипермаркет&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20732" CreationDate="2019-11-03T15:39:50.167" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is absolutely no difference, just pure marketing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, a historical context of how a word &lt;em&gt;“супермаркет”&lt;/em&gt; appeared in the first place:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See, here is already such a word as &lt;em&gt;“универсам”&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;УНИВЕРсальный магазин САМообслуживания&lt;/em&gt; — “a universal shop of self-service”). However, in 90's, when supermarkets really started to boom, this word was thrown away an a one of soviet origin and replaced with an English borrowing. The reasoning is simple: English is a language of the USA, and in 90's everything American was believed to be modern, forward and advanced. Also, you could have absolutely no knowledge of English, but if you used individual English nouns, you showed that you are cool and modern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So after this, a word &lt;em&gt;supermarket&lt;/em&gt; became a very effective advertising hook with a tint of a foreign origin, even if these supermarkets had absolutely nothing with foreign brands or even consumer standards.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, time passes, every big shop becomes a supermarket and a need to stand out from competitors raises again. Since a layperson understands only a &lt;em&gt;“super”&lt;/em&gt; part and has absolutely no clue about the second one, some marketing managers decided to replace &lt;em&gt;“super-”&lt;/em&gt; with &lt;em&gt;“hyper-”&lt;/em&gt; to sound cooler without getting any obligations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7547" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-11-03T15:39:50.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20734" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20736" CreationDate="2019-11-03T16:49:03.807" Score="5" ViewCount="263" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this passage, I'm wondering if &lt;strong&gt;встал колом&lt;/strong&gt; is correct (I didn't write this - it was written by a native Russian speaker on a forum for anecdotes), and if so, what is the literal interpretation word for word? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Рассказал сегодня знакомый, далее от первого лица. Купили себе в офис&#xA;  шредер. Небольшой, максимально 6 листов за раз жуёт, но нам больше и&#xA;  не нужно. Объяснил, что к чему всем. Десять раз повторил что 6 листов&#xA;  максимум. Сижу работаю. К шредеру подходит Ира (имя изменено), берет 6&#xA;  листов, сворачивает пополам и суёт в шредер. Тот &lt;strong&gt;встал колом&lt;/strong&gt;, не&#xA;  работает, завтра в ремонт повезу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-03T17:17:42.380" LastActivityDate="2019-11-04T15:08:14.923" Title="Meaning of &quot;встал колом&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20735" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-03T16:58:50.210" Score="1" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian language abounds in wise proverbs, but I am very much confused by some of them, specifically by those that appear to discourage proactiveness. I am at a loss as to how such a good thing as proactiveness could be viewed negatively, and this makes me doubt whether I get these proverbs right. I humbly hope that native speakers can kindly shed some light for a confused Japanese student.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are the proverbs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Проблемы надо решать по мере поступления. (Problems should be dealt with after they arise. Literally: Problems should be dealt with to the extent of their arrival.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have always believed that one of the most important things is to foresee potential problems and avoid them. In my childhood I was taught to play various strategy games (gomokunarabe, renju, Go, shogi, chess, draughts) to develop the ability to calculate many moves ahead. I was taught that this is a central ability in life. And the above Russian proverb appears to promote precisely the opposite view, apparently instructing to first wait for problems to arise and to only then get busy dealing with them.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) Не надо делить шкуру неубитого медведя. (People should not think how to divide the skin of a bear if it is still running free in the forest. Literally: One should not divide the skin of a bear that has not been killed yet.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have always believed that before you engage in any cooperation, you should agree with your partners on how to divide the future fruits of that cooperation, as otherwise you may end up fighting with your partners for those fruits. The above Russian proverb seems to instruct not to avoid that potential problem. More broadly, I was taught that if I do something, I should know what's in it for me. The above Russian proverb seems to say the opposite: first do something and then think or ask what you get for it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) Пока гром не грянет, мужик не перекрестится. (A real man won't bother until he hears a thunder. Literally: Until a thunder strikes, a man won't perform the Christian ritual of crossing.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was taught to always watch for early, subtle signs of problems, especially in interpersonal relationships, and this Russian proverb appears to say that it is normal to ignore early signs and wait for an explicit and undeniable manifestation of a problem. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to do my research by googling, but got even more confused by Russian texts, which appear to presume that the reader has Russian thinking patterns. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question: What are the meaning and usage of the Russian proverbs that appear to discourage proactiveness?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2019-11-03T18:03:17.360" LastActivityDate="2019-11-03T18:03:17.360" Title="Meaning and usage of the Russian proverbs that seemingly discourage proactiveness" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;&lt;культура&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="30" ClosedDate="2019-11-03T17:01:14.127" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20736" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20734" CreationDate="2019-11-03T17:10:48.130" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;When something is completely stuck, most likely in a perpendicular position - it's &quot;встать колом&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples of usage:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Проспект Гагарина встал колом из-за ДТП. (There's a trafic jam on Gagarina Avenue because of an accident). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В Химках из-за взрыва водопроводных труб асфальт встал колом. (There's a hump in the asphalt following a water pipe explosion). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other meaning is to harden:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Из-за застывшей грязи плащ встал колом. (The coat became stiff with dirt). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh, and it's worth mentioning that we also use the phrase &quot;стоять колом в горле&quot; - when something is hard to swallow and it feels like it's stuck.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2019-11-04T15:08:14.923" LastActivityDate="2019-11-04T15:08:14.923" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20737" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20734" CreationDate="2019-11-03T18:26:46.730" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not a native speaker and encountered this Russian expression only once, in a very different context: a man's physiological reaction to a sexually attractive woman...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-11-03T18:26:46.730" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20738" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20739" CreationDate="2019-11-03T20:52:48.347" Score="1" ViewCount="165" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard the following sentence in a Russian learning tool:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;этот человек у двери.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can this sentence be translated to English as both &quot;this person is by the door&quot; (= close to the door) and &quot;this person is at the door&quot; (= in front of the door, waiting after have rung the bell or called someone&quot;) ? Can &quot;y&quot; be replaced with &quot;возле&quot; here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12516" LastEditorUserId="12516" LastEditDate="2019-11-04T12:49:22.507" LastActivityDate="2019-11-04T12:49:22.507" Title="Этот человек у двери - preposition" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20739" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20738" CreationDate="2019-11-03T22:31:48.897" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both translations of the sentence are correct. Preposition &lt;strong&gt;y&lt;/strong&gt; is probably the best choice to express that someone is by the door, or in an interaction with it. (e.g. somebody waiting for someone at the door)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With preposition &lt;strong&gt;возле&lt;/strong&gt;, the sentence would rather be translated to &lt;strong&gt;&quot;this person is close to the door&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, (e.g. someone lurking somewhere outside, near the door). It could be used if the location is important in the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;За дверью&lt;/strong&gt; could also be used if wanted to emphasize that someone is behind the door (closed or shut), e.g. hiding behind an opened door.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8961" LastEditorUserId="12516" LastEditDate="2019-11-04T05:32:11.747" LastActivityDate="2019-11-04T05:32:11.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20740" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20742" CreationDate="2019-11-04T15:52:57.410" Score="13" ViewCount="4034" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I understand it, it describes a person who doesn't let others enjoy a resource / service while he himself doesn't utilize it either:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Собака на сене — ни себе, ни людям. Смысл поговорки становится понятен&#xA;  после знакомства с её происхождением. Считается, что мысль о «собаке и&#xA;  сене» впервые высказал древнегреческий баснописец Эзоп в басне «Собака&#xA;  в яслях». Собака лежит на сене и своим агрессивным поведение не дает&#xA;  подойти в сену лошадям (в других вариантах ослу, быкам). Разлеглась&#xA;  однажды Собака в хлеву на сене. Лежит, рычит и лошадей к еде не&#xA;  подпускает. — Ну и бессовестное ты животное! — сказал ей наконец один&#xA;  конь. — И сама ты сена не ешь, и нас к еде не подпускаешь!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&quot;http://chtooznachaet.ru/chto-oznachaet-vyrazhenie-sobaka-na-sene.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://chtooznachaet.ru/chto-oznachaet-vyrazhenie-sobaka-na-sene.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I understand it from some Russian colleagues, the expression can also be used to describe a person on a power trip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can I use this expression in modern Russian or perhaps there are better alternatives?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12741" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2019-11-05T08:43:50.280" LastActivityDate="2019-11-07T06:29:05.207" Title="&quot;Cобака на сене&quot; - is this expression still in use or is it dated?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20741" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20757" CreationDate="2019-11-04T16:02:51.837" Score="2" ViewCount="192" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to the Russian phonology wiki (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology&lt;/a&gt;) :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The pronunciation of unstressed /o ~ a/ is as follows: (...)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  When a soft consonant or /j/ precedes, both /o/ and /a/ merge with /i/ and are pronounced as [ɪ].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;язы́к&lt;/a&gt; ( [jɪˈzɨk] ) and &quot;ýчасть&quot; ( [ˈut͡ɕɪsʲtʲ] )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it seems that the phonem /a/ in я at the end of a word seems to not follow this rule and is pronounced [ə], such as in &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%82%D1%91%D1%82%D1%8F#Pronunciation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;тётя&lt;/a&gt;&quot; ( [ˈtʲɵtʲə] ) or &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8F#Pronunciation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;деревня&lt;/a&gt;&quot; ( [dʲɪˈrʲevnʲə ] ) . Am I missing a pronunciation rule or are these words which end in я exceptions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12516" LastEditorUserId="12516" LastEditDate="2019-11-05T12:34:14.423" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T12:54:55.747" Title="Pronunciation of /a/ after soft consonant or /j/" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20740" CreationDate="2019-11-04T16:23:38.500" Score="28" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, it is still usable.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;One of the reasons is a pretty old &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;movie&lt;/a&gt; with exactly the same title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also an alternative, that seems to be used a bit wider:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ни себе, ни людям&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2019-11-04T16:23:38.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20743" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20740" CreationDate="2019-11-04T16:26:08.917" Score="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually it was never widespread. Russian society for centuries was split to political elite and the rest of population. The phrase &quot;собака на сене&quot; comes from an Aesop's fable with the same name. The famous Spanish theater play actually is called &quot;El perro del hortelano&quot;, the garderner's dog, and this term historically belongs to the same family of pan-European idioms (according to wikipedia, it &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dog_in_the_Manger_(play)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;can be traced&lt;/a&gt; in at least Dutch, Danish, English, German, French, Portuguese and Italian as well).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not saying here, of course, that it's not Russian because it's de-facto a part of Russian cultural context, but it's important to understand that it always been quite bookish and remains such. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-05T14:45:31.950" LastActivityDate="2019-11-05T14:45:31.950" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20744" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-05T07:54:08.320" Score="3" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Рассчитывать&quot;, &quot;подсчитывать&quot;, what is the difference ?&#xA;I tried to distinguish them with their roots  (раз- out in all directions and под- approach; coming &quot;up to&quot;) but even then, they still both translate as &quot;count&quot;/&quot;count on&quot; to me. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12746" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-05T08:11:24.260" LastActivityDate="2019-12-21T19:08:18.557" Title="&quot;Рассчитывать&quot;, &quot;подсчитывать&quot; -- what is the difference?" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20744" CreationDate="2019-11-05T08:25:38.810" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both verbs can be translated as &quot;to count&quot; or to &quot;calculate&quot;, but &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;подсчитывать&quot;&lt;/a&gt; is closer to count some finite amount of items - when, for instance, one is counting the number of shells, it's &quot;подсчитать количество ракушек&quot; and never &quot;рассчитать&quot;. When it's about more complicated calculations, it's usually &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;рассчитывать&quot;&lt;/a&gt;/&quot;раcсчитать&quot;, like in &quot;рассчитать, c какой скоростью нужно бросить камень&quot; - &quot;подсчитать&quot; here will sound unnatural. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, only &quot;рассчитывать&quot; can be used in a meaning similar to &quot;you can count on me&quot; (ты можешь рассчитывать на меня&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-11-05T08:25:38.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20744" CreationDate="2019-11-05T08:25:57.023" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Рассчитывать&quot; has two meanings. First is &quot;to rely&quot; or &quot;will expect to&quot; or &quot;to expect&quot; as &quot;рассчитывать на что-то (на кого-то)&quot;. Second meaning is not about &lt;em&gt;counting&lt;/em&gt; but about &lt;em&gt;calculation&lt;/em&gt;. &quot;Подсчитывать&quot; mainly about very simple arithmetic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12747" LastActivityDate="2019-11-05T08:25:57.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20741" CreationDate="2019-11-05T08:44:28.843" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is not clear [ɪ] and may vary in different regions. North gravitate to [a] in &quot;Участь&quot;, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12747" LastActivityDate="2019-11-05T08:44:28.843" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20748" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20750" CreationDate="2019-11-05T17:38:58.193" Score="2" ViewCount="599" Body="&lt;p&gt;When Russians say that you are like a grass snake on a frying pan (&quot;как уж на сковородке&quot;), they often mean that you are grilled by tough incriminating questions and desperately trying to save your face by dodging questions and creating explanations on the fly. The idiom can also mean other things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder how Russians could come up with such a bizarre idiom. Did Russians use to eat grass snakes in the past? Did they fry them alive? Or is the idiom just a product of too wild imagination? Intrigued, I found quite a few Russian recipes of cooking grass snakes - e.g, &lt;a href=&quot;https://truehunter.ru/436024a-blyuda-iz-zmey-podgotovka-retseptyi-i-poshagovaya-instruktsiya-s-foto&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; one... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was unable to find any serious source explaining the etymology of the idiom. I only saw a folk etymology hypothesis that the idiom was born by merging two different idioms, &quot;like a grass snake&quot; (&quot;как уж&quot;) and &quot;like on a frying pan&quot; (&quot;как на сковородке&quot;). If that hypothesis is true, I wonder as to exactly what on a frying pan you are figuratively compared to in the second idiom, &quot;like on a frying pan.&quot; Or are people are said to be like being fried themselves?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question: Are there any expert opinions, dictionary entries, or serious evidence regarding the origins of the Russian idiom &quot;like a grass snake on a frying pan&quot;?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-11T19:55:08.860" LastActivityDate="2019-11-11T19:55:08.860" Title="Origin of the Russian idiom &quot;like a grass snake on a frying pan&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20749" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20740" CreationDate="2019-11-05T18:26:14.543" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also I heard this one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И сам не гам, и другому не дам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12749" LastActivityDate="2019-11-05T18:26:14.543" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20748" CreationDate="2019-11-05T20:44:35.447" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;When someone says &quot;да что ты всё вертишься, у тебя что, шило в жопе&quot; it doesn't actually means that ancient Slavic people used to insert awls into into their asses. It's a figure of speech. We do not have any evidence that this phrase came into existence because grass snakes were part of cuisine. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a similar phrase (apart from &quot;угорь&quot; mentioned in comments) &quot;вертеться как глист на сквородке&quot; - I think it's pretty obvious that it's not because someone cooked worms. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2019-11-06T14:09:49.670" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T14:09:49.670" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20751" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20748" CreationDate="2019-11-06T07:08:47.267" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;A frying pan is not cooking device here, as you may think. This is more deeper image, this is infernal torture for sinners. &lt;em&gt;&quot;You're moving around like you are on the frying pan!&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. Then by superstitions reason &quot;you&quot; was replaced with other objects, which are well-known as fast and wriggle. So there are few versions of this saying, with (another) sinner, adder, louse, eel, etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12747" LastEditorUserId="12747" LastEditDate="2019-11-06T08:50:28.160" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T08:50:28.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20752" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20064" CreationDate="2019-11-06T09:38:12.977" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;гнать&quot; here is short for &quot;гнать порожняк&quot; or &quot;гнать волну&quot;. Or more rarely &quot;гнать пургу&quot; (not the best choice, because &quot;нести пургу&quot; is used more often). It cannot be interchangeable with barrel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12747" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T09:38:12.977" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20064" CreationDate="2019-11-06T11:59:08.070" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The both expressions are identical, but &quot;гнать бочку&quot; is rougher. And &quot;катить бочку&quot; is more common.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12755" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-06T12:04:24.730" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T12:04:24.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20740" CreationDate="2019-11-06T12:21:48.760" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I never heard anyone used it in a conversation nor I would use it myself. I also don't think it is expected to be used by a language learner who is still uncertain of some language aspects (elsewise be ready to explain its meaning to some people). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9116" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T12:21:48.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20755" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-06T12:33:43.557" Score="2" ViewCount="104" Body="&lt;p&gt;Рельсы — имя собственное, образованное от название технологии Ruby on Rails.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Я учу Рельсы. &lt;em&gt;Рельсы&lt;/em&gt; пишем с прописной (большой) буквы.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;А как писать: «Я люблю &lt;em&gt;рельсовую&lt;/em&gt; реализацию моделей»?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;С одной стороны, я думаю, что стоит применять правило «&lt;a href=&quot;https://orfogrammka.ru/%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%BE%D1%82-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Правописание прилагательных, образованных от географических названий&lt;/a&gt;», т. е. писать со строчной (маленькой) буквы. Я прав?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="676" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-06T12:40:54.733" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T12:40:54.733" Title="Как писать прилагательное, образованное от имени собственного?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20756" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20755" CreationDate="2019-11-06T12:40:19.970" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ну, тут на мой взгляд, не может быть правоты или неправоты никакой, кроме статистической. По факту в любых прилагательных, образованных от начинающихся с заглавной буквы в английском технологий, мы всё пишем в нижнем регистре.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примеры:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я не хочу возиться с этими спринговыми конфигами.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Там котлиновый стек.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть, вы правы и пишется &quot;рельсовый&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T12:40:19.970" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20741" CreationDate="2019-11-06T12:54:55.747" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you have missed one rule. To quote the same Wikipedia page,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Across certain word-final inflections, the reductions do not completely apply. For example, after soft or unpaired consonants, unstressed /a/, /e/ and /i/ of a final syllable may be distinguished from each other. For example, жи́тели [ˈʐɨtʲɪlʲɪ] ('residents') contrasts with both (о) жи́теле [(ʌ) ˈʐɨtʲɪlʲɪ̞] ('[about] a resident') and жи́теля [ˈʐɨtʲɪlʲə] ('of a resident').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T12:54:55.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20758" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-06T14:19:26.123" Score="4" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently read this sentence in a story related by a very good writer: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Щен&lt;/strong&gt; за мной увязался &lt;strong&gt;годовалый&lt;/strong&gt;, за пальто покусывает. Кинула я ему эту&#xA;  слойку – отстал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In trying to render the meaning of this, it occurred to me that in Russian, it's quite commonplace to postpose numbers from the thing counted in order to express approximation, e.g. года три, долларов пять, etc. I wonder if the writer isn't using this same device here to approximate the dog's age rather than state it outright. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T14:51:06.860" Title="Semantic effect of postposing a quantifying adjective from its noun" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20758" CreationDate="2019-11-06T14:43:18.000" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nope, here it's just an inversion which slightly shifted the focus from the subject (the puppy in this particular case) to the fact that it's one year old. But this doesn't actually mean that this is an approximation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;За мной увязался пьяный мужик.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Да просто мужик увязался за мной пьяный. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here we're putting emphasis on the fact that the man was drunk, but it's not some rough estimate, it's quite established ;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2019-11-06T14:51:06.860" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T14:51:06.860" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20760" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20748" CreationDate="2019-11-06T18:02:38.273" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;My grandma used to put traps for eels in the pond, and then she fried them in a frying pan alive, having rubbed them with salt. They were squirming there and even squeaking loudly, I saw and heard it myself. You know, eels look like snakes, both eels and grass snakes live in rivers and ponds, I'm sure in this proverb we have contamination of угри (eels) and ужи  (grass snakes).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T18:02:38.273" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20761" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20775" CreationDate="2019-11-06T18:26:00.250" Score="2" ViewCount="208" Body="&lt;p&gt;I didn't get how to conjugate the verb change for make that phrases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What change? - Can I say &quot;что изменить&quot;?&#xA;What is changing? - Can I say &quot;что меняется&quot;? &#xA;Nothing changes - Can I say &quot;ничего не меняется&quot;?&#xA;Nothing will change - Can I say &quot;ничего не изменится&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do &quot;изменить&quot; and &quot;изменится&quot; in their infinitive form have the same meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11195" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-06T18:41:34.440" LastActivityDate="2019-11-08T15:10:48.177" Title="&quot;Изменить&quot; and &quot;измениться&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20761" CreationDate="2019-11-06T18:39:32.700" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Изменить&quot; is when one changes something, while &quot;измениться&quot; is when something is changed, compare the following two phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я изменил распорядок дня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда ко мне переехал сын, мой распорядок дня изменился. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You guessed all the verb forms correctly. For future references you can use the Russian part of Wiktionary, quite often verbs are given there with conjugation, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;изменить&quot;&lt;/a&gt; is no exception to this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2019-11-07T00:07:33.377" LastActivityDate="2019-11-07T00:07:33.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20764" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20740" CreationDate="2019-11-06T22:00:33.480" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's used by aged folks who watched in their twenties the movie Dmitriy specified. I wouldn't use it with teens, you would sound like an old fogy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've heard it a lot from older people, but never from young ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12757" LastActivityDate="2019-11-06T22:00:33.480" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20765" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20691" CreationDate="2019-11-07T01:25:53.480" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can substitute &quot;что уж там&quot; with a shorter version &quot;чeго там&quot;, when you want to impart it with the meaning &quot;not a big deal&quot; or &quot;forget it&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is illustrated, e.g., by the first dialogue of Khan Edigu and the Prince of Zvenigorod in the movie &quot;Andrei Rublev&quot;, see frame 1:26:40 in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkCeEYuMyOY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkCeEYuMyOY&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- Прости, опоздал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- А, чего там…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;/Implies: &quot;Come on, not a big deal.&quot;/&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastEditorUserId="11511" LastEditDate="2019-11-07T06:23:58.523" LastActivityDate="2019-11-07T06:23:58.523" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20740" CreationDate="2019-11-07T06:29:05.207" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я не знал что эта поговорка означает пока не прочитал здесь. Очень редко ее произносят где либо. Разве что в газетах, книгах. Не помню чтобы ее употребляли в повседневном разговоре.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12225" LastActivityDate="2019-11-07T06:29:05.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20768" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2849" CreationDate="2019-11-07T22:04:24.333" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently re-started trying to learn Russian, and this video course (requires signup, but would be accessible during the free 7-day trial) is exactly what I was after:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.russianpod101.com/lesson-library/ultimate-russian-pronunciation-guide/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.russianpod101.com/lesson-library/ultimate-russian-pronunciation-guide/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It has diagrams showing where the tongue should go, as well as detailed explanations of where to put each part of your tongue, how to adapt the nearest sound in English, as well as the native speaker saying each letter by itself and in words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2254" LastActivityDate="2019-11-07T22:04:24.333" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2019-11-08T08:52:30.510" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20559" CreationDate="2019-11-08T06:01:15.387" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a popular expression among students: &quot;сдать на халяву&quot;, which means &quot;pass (an exam) easily or undeservedly&quot;. Your text seems to humorously allude that students pray for that when they are not prepared.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12762" LastActivityDate="2019-11-08T06:01:15.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20773" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20633" CreationDate="2019-11-08T06:25:34.107" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Омыть&lt;/strong&gt; is being used in modern language only for &quot;wound(s)&quot; and &quot;dead body&quot;. Also it possible to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;омыть слезами&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; something as a metaphor describing sorrow. Less modern use is for alive body, usually for ritual purpose, before wedding, when baptizing, etc. Also it is used with &quot;legs&quot;, what is reference to Bible in general and Jesus Christ and Maria Magdalena in particular. As a whole, this word may by considered as obsolete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12747" LastEditorUserId="12747" LastEditDate="2019-11-08T09:28:10.280" LastActivityDate="2019-11-08T09:28:10.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20633" CreationDate="2019-11-08T15:00:47.743" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Омыть&lt;/code&gt; means exactly the same as &lt;code&gt;вымыть&lt;/code&gt; and those who say that &lt;code&gt;омыть&lt;/code&gt; does not imply washing are wrong. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only crucial difference is style, &lt;code&gt;омыть&lt;/code&gt;does have a very archaic/outdated flavour and is not expected to be used in day by day conversations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd say it can be used to imply an outdated sense on purpose, or in poetry and can be interchangeable with &lt;code&gt;вымыть&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Омывать&lt;/code&gt; however has an additional meaning, which is something like 'to surround with water', in this sense it is still used today and with no archaic connotations: &lt;code&gt;Берега Италии омываются четыремя морями&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9116" LastActivityDate="2019-11-08T15:00:47.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20761" CreationDate="2019-11-08T15:10:48.177" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What change? - Can I say &quot;что изменить&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if you meant &lt;code&gt;What to change?&lt;/code&gt; it is correct. However, I'd rather say &lt;code&gt;Что поменять?&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What is changing? - Can I say &quot;что меняется&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;correct. Can also be &lt;code&gt;Что изменяется?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nothing changes - Can I say &quot;ничего не меняется&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;correct. Can also be &lt;code&gt;Ничего не изменяется&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Nothing will change - Can I say &quot;ничего не изменится&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;correct. Can also be &lt;code&gt;Ничего не поменяется&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Do &quot;изменить&quot; and &quot;изменится&quot; in their infinitive form have the same meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. &lt;code&gt;изменить&lt;/code&gt; means 'to change something', &lt;code&gt;изменитЬся&lt;/code&gt; means 'to self-change' and your word &lt;code&gt;изменится&lt;/code&gt; is not an infinitive but a second singular form of the verb &lt;code&gt;изменитЬся&lt;/code&gt; something like 'he will change (himself)'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9116" LastActivityDate="2019-11-08T15:10:48.177" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20776" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20777" CreationDate="2019-11-09T23:36:40.907" Score="5" ViewCount="588" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sound /ʑ:/ is known as the voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant fricative and, roughly speaking, is the average of /z/ as in &lt;em&gt;zebra&lt;/em&gt; and /ʒ/ as in &lt;em&gt;vision&lt;/em&gt;. Russian speakers can understand /ʑ:/ as the voiced counterpart of &lt;strong&gt;щ&lt;/strong&gt; or, alternatively, as the soft counterpart of &lt;strong&gt;ж&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Until recently I thought that the sound /ʑ:/ occurs in Russian only in a couple of rarely used words, namely &lt;strong&gt;дрожжи&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;вожжи&lt;/strong&gt;, but a few days ago a Russian speaker told me that the sound is much more common, referring to &lt;strong&gt;визжу&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;брюзжу&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;дребезжу&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;размозжу&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;брызжет&lt;/strong&gt; as examples. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Curious, I tried to find an exhaustive list of words with that sound, but did not succeed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question: How prevalent is the sound /ʑ:/ in the Russian language from a native speaker's perspective?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To clarify, I am curious as to roughly how many words you pronounce with that sound - a few, a few dozens, or much more than that. If there is an exhaustive or nearly exhaustive list of these words, I would like to see it. I am also curious whether the prevalence of this sound is dialect-dependent. Finally, if this sound is quite common, I am curious why there is no own letter for it, especially as its voiceless counterpart has its own letter, &lt;strong&gt;щ&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-10T00:20:31.540" LastActivityDate="2019-11-10T00:20:31.540" Title="How prevalent is the sound /ʑ:/ in Russian?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20776" CreationDate="2019-11-09T23:58:18.547" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;When a native speaker speaks they never think of actual phonemes. Nobody is thinking like: &quot;hey, I'm pronouncing &quot;ɯ&quot; in 10% of cases when it's actually spelled as &quot;o&quot;. To answer your question - it's not prevalent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This statement&lt;/a&gt; from wiki is valid:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В русском литературном языке [ʑ:] (обычно обозначается [ж❜:] или&#xA;  [ж̅’]) может встречаться внутри корня на месте сочетаний -жж- и -зж-;&#xA;  на месте сочетаний щ + любой звонкий звук из {б г д ж з} (Пример:&#xA;  товарищ генерал), а также в слове дождь и однокоренных, а также [ʑ]&#xA;  (обозначается [ж❜]) может встречаться в заимствованных словах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it's stated as &quot;в русском литературном языке&quot; - and this leaves space to speculating on whether it's more frequent in casual speech my answer would be &quot;no, it isn't&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In any case the term &quot;prevalent&quot; can hardly be applicable here. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-11-09T23:58:18.547" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20778" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20781" CreationDate="2019-11-10T00:32:53.193" Score="2" ViewCount="647" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a well-known poem that lists eleven Russian exception verbs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гнать, дышать, держать, зависеть,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Видеть, слышать и обидеть,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А еще терпеть, вертеть,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ненавидеть и смотреть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Their exceptional character is that they belong to the second conjugation despite not ending with &lt;strong&gt;ить&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A teacher of mine said that there is a famous 12th exception verb with the same properties and that any native speaker will instantly name it if asked what verb is missing in the poem. Asked what that verb is, the teacher suggested that we find it on our own. Curious, I tried, but failed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did my teacher joke, and, if not, what is that verb?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-11-10T16:38:24.437" Title="What is the 12th Russian exception verb?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;мат&gt;&lt;спряжение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20778" CreationDate="2019-11-10T00:56:24.523" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Everyone who learned in Russian school tried to memorize this list of irregular verbs by means of a verse like this, where the actual order can vary to some extent (but usually any version starts with &quot;гнать&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All this verses are similar in one thing - it's about 11 verbs, not 12. Apart, of course, from obvious derivative like &quot;изгнать&quot;, &quot;вытерпеть&quot; etc. So I'm not sure what your teacher means. Or just don't know it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPD: Aaaand I've suddenly realized what your teacher meant! &lt;strong&gt;It's&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;пиздеть&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the relevant quote:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мнения о том, какую форму глагола — &lt;strong&gt;пиздеть&lt;/strong&gt; или &lt;strong&gt;пизди́ть&lt;/strong&gt; — считать&#xA;  правильной, часто расходятся, порождая многочисленные споры: &lt;em&gt;одни &#xA;  причисляют глагол пиздеть к глаголам-исключениям II-го спряжения&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For obvious reasons this was never in a verse taught in schools ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-10T16:28:51.783" LastActivityDate="2019-11-10T16:28:51.783" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20781" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20778" CreationDate="2019-11-10T04:05:07.760" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware about a verb any native speaker would think of immediately.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пиздеть&lt;/em&gt; is not one of them. These exceptions have &lt;em&gt;-е-/-а-&lt;/em&gt; in their infinitive endings and &lt;strong&gt;unstressed&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;-и-&lt;/em&gt; in personal forms. The fact that the &lt;em&gt;-и-&lt;/em&gt; is unstressed is crucial, because it is exactly what makes it the source of potential mistakes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;em&gt;-и-&lt;/em&gt; in the personal forms of &lt;em&gt;пизде&amp;#769;ть&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;to lie&quot; or &quot;to engage in idle chat&quot;) is stressed, and there are hundreds of verbs like that (&lt;em&gt;свистеть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;кишеть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;болеть&lt;/em&gt; etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is another verb, &lt;em&gt;пи&amp;#769;здить&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;to beat up&quot; or &quot;to steal&quot;), but it has the &lt;em&gt;-и-&lt;/em&gt; in infinitive as well, so it's not that either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only edge case thing I can think of is &lt;em&gt;призреть&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Its third singular form, according to some grammarians (Avanesov, Rosenthal), is &lt;em&gt;при&amp;#769;зрит&lt;/em&gt; (not &lt;em&gt;призри&amp;#769;т&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This verb is quite archaic by itself and no one these days really pronounces it this way even if they do use it, however, technically, it still falls under the same category.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But again, it's far from something &quot;any native speaker would think of immediately&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-11-10T14:03:27.517" LastActivityDate="2019-11-10T14:03:27.517" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20782" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-10T08:22:19.770" Score="0" ViewCount="84" Body="&lt;p&gt;what it the difference between the two verbs, examples very welcome&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12746" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-10T11:00:35.647" LastActivityDate="2019-11-11T22:57:35.377" Title="&quot;Производить&quot; и &quot;вырабатывать&quot;" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2019-11-10T10:52:56.207" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20783" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-10T10:05:35.433" Score="1" ViewCount="342" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to my good old Russian learning textbooks, the sound ж in Russian is retroflex (/ʐ/), that is to say it should be pronounced with the tip of the tongue pushed against the palate. Now, in my experience, I’ve noticed that most Russian speakers actually don’t pronounce it this way. For example, Putin pronounces an unequivocal voiced postalveolar fricative (/ʒ/, as in &quot;casual&quot; in English, or &quot;jardin&quot; in French). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you do occasionally hear this retroflex ж pop up in the speech of some Russians. &#xA;See, for instance, this forvo page &lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C/&lt;/a&gt; &#xA;where the first pronunciation (RomeoWhite) is retroflex while the last one (Opndoor) is a voiced postalveolar fricative (as in &quot;casual&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example there &lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE/#ru&lt;/a&gt; where you can hear /ʒ/ in the first example (multimaxfm), but a distinct /ʐ/ in the third rendering (Cheeka).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, Is this the old, traditional way of pronouncing the phoneme ж (Soviet or even pre-Soviet era)? Or is this more to do with geography, with some regions privileging one pronunciation over the other?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Despite my asking several Russian acquaintances, none of them has been able to provide a clear answer as they couldn’t hear the difference or didn’t care.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12767" LastEditorUserId="12767" LastEditDate="2019-11-10T15:45:44.623" LastActivityDate="2019-11-11T12:26:05.187" Title="Pronunciation of ж" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20782" CreationDate="2019-11-10T10:31:56.980" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;These verbs are synonyms in common meanning,but there are nuances.Производить ~it means to produce eg.goods,etc.&#xA;Eg.-завод производит автомобили.&#xA;Вырабатывать~this word in its meaning also can be  closer to the development of a certain quantity of goods or something else (output).Especially the derivative noun &quot;выработка&quot;(after б alternating vowels а and о)&#xA;Eg.зарплата зависит от выработки (salary depends on output).&#xA;Also thre are many homonyms of these verbs.Eg.производить впечатление(Make an impression)&#xA;вырабатывать(добывать) ископаемые(руду,уголь)-ore, coal mining.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12768" LastEditorUserId="12768" LastEditDate="2019-11-11T22:57:35.377" LastActivityDate="2019-11-11T22:57:35.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20786" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-11T07:43:03.453" Score="0" ViewCount="283" Body="&lt;p&gt;Что конкретно имеется в виду, когда говорят о &quot;женском счастье&quot;, откуда это выражение пошло, и почему гораздо реже встречается &quot;мужское счастье&quot;? (речь здесь идет не об одноименных цветах)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Знаменитая вдова во второй раз нашла свое &lt;strong&gt;женское счастье&lt;/strong&gt; - Лидия&#xA;  Федосеева-Шукшина и Бари Алибасов наконец-то расписались в ЗАГСе&quot;.&#xA;  (&lt;a href=&quot;https://lenta.ua/znamenitaya-vdova-vo-vtoroy-raz-nashla-svoe-zhenskoe-schaste-117/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ссылка&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возможно, имеется в виду вообще найти партнера, но тогда непонятен акцент на пол:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Андре Агасси [..] нашел наконец свое &lt;strong&gt;мужское счастье&lt;/strong&gt; по имени&#xA;  Штеффи Граф.&quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://og.ru/sports/2015/07/13/upal-otzhalsya-pobedil&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ссылка&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastEditorUserId="8357" LastEditDate="2019-11-14T17:33:12.307" LastActivityDate="2019-11-14T17:37:20.650" Title="«Женское счастье», «мужское счастье»: как различаются эти выражения, какова их этимология?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;род&gt;&lt;фраза&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20786" CreationDate="2019-11-11T11:01:19.433" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Женское счастье, это отсылка к традиционным ценностьям, дом, уют, любящий муж, достаток, можно посвятить себя материнству и домашнему очагу. Иногда употребляется как &quot;маленькое&quot; или &quot;тихое&quot; &quot;женское счастье&quot;. Это современное использование, а так, есть рассказ Чехова, (не того, что в Star Trek, а Антон Палыча) под названием &quot;Женское счастье&quot;. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5_(%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Прочесть тут&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В разрезе современного значения &quot;мужское счастье&quot; почти не употребяется, а редкие случаи, честно говоря, выглядят коряво. Видимо, это связано с общими представлениями что мужчина значительно более активен и не склонен к домашнему хозяйству и, если взять &lt;em&gt;в целом&lt;/em&gt;, не может быть полностью удовлетворен подобной тихой, безмятежной жизнью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12747" LastActivityDate="2019-11-11T11:01:19.433" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20783" CreationDate="2019-11-11T12:26:05.187" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;/ʐ/ is a norm for Russian and Belarusian languages. /ʒ/ is a phonetical norm for Ukrainian language (see, for example, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Украинский алфавит&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having said this, both sounds are quite similar, and may also differ between some local dialects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2019-11-11T12:26:05.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20789" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20786" CreationDate="2019-11-11T13:00:20.823" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;My impression is that in Russia the gender roles are very distinct. So I would interpret &lt;em&gt;женское счастье&lt;/em&gt; as happiness in the female role (as a wife and mother), but I am not a native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-11-11T13:00:20.823" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20790" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20792" CreationDate="2019-11-11T13:57:59.477" Score="2" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;Tintin's adventure &quot;Le Trésor de Rackham le Rouge&quot; has been translated into Russian as &quot;Сокровища кровавого Рокама&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;I don't understand the syntax of &quot;Сокровища&quot; here: &quot;treasure&quot; is translated in dictionaries as &quot;cокровищe&quot; and &quot;cокровища&quot; seems to be the genitive.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Is it a plural? But then should it not be be &quot;cокровищя&quot;, since it is the plural of a neutral noun of the soft type?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;What's going on? Might it be a dirty trick of Rastapopoulos, Tintin's archenemy?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3917" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-11T19:54:06.927" LastActivityDate="2019-11-11T19:54:06.927" Title="In &quot;Сокровища кровавого Рокама&quot;: what is the case and number of &quot;сокровища&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20790" CreationDate="2019-11-11T14:03:26.563" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сокровища is a plural here. In Russian &quot;сокровище&quot; means a precious item (just one). So if there is a chest (or a pile) of precious items, it would be plural — &quot;сокровища&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2019-11-11T14:03:26.563" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20792" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20790" CreationDate="2019-11-11T15:19:25.023" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;An addition to &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/1836/alissa&quot;&gt;Alissa&lt;/a&gt;'s answer.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;In Russian, the letters &lt;strong&gt;Я&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Ю&lt;/strong&gt; are forbidden after the letters &lt;strong&gt;Ч&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Щ&lt;/strong&gt; which stand for soft (palatal) consonants [tʃ] and [ʃː]. Instead, &lt;strong&gt;А&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;У&lt;/strong&gt; are written after &lt;strong&gt;Ч&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Щ&lt;/strong&gt;, never &lt;strong&gt;Я&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Ю&lt;/strong&gt;. Also, the letter &lt;strong&gt;Ы&lt;/strong&gt; is never written after &lt;strong&gt;Ж&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Ш&lt;/strong&gt;, although these two letters stand for hard (non-palatal) consonants [ʐ] and [ʂ], &lt;strong&gt;И&lt;/strong&gt; is written instead. These rules about the vowel letters after &lt;strong&gt;Ж&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Ш&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Ч&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Щ&lt;/strong&gt; are usually grouped and studied together:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xqs7q.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/xqs7q.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-11-11T15:19:25.023" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20794" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20795" CreationDate="2019-11-13T14:08:31.330" Score="7" ViewCount="340" Body="&lt;p&gt;example I: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Then I remembered, almost as an afterthought, to add clove and&#xA;cinnamon.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(edited)&#xA;example II. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The vice presidential candidate tends to be a bit of an afterthought.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;google translates afterthought as &lt;em&gt;раздумье&lt;/em&gt;, but that can't be right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also &lt;em&gt;ретроспектива&lt;/em&gt; (retrospect) but it's not a good fit either&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12775" LastEditorUserId="12775" LastEditDate="2019-11-14T11:57:03.877" LastActivityDate="2019-11-21T08:16:34.350" Title="How you say 'afterthought' in Russian?" Tags="&lt;wording&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20794" CreationDate="2019-11-13T16:38:44.717" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Afterthought&quot; is a word that's highly specific to English, in that it has a strong connotation of lesser importance or relevance, which isn't &lt;em&gt;inherently&lt;/em&gt; connected to the idea of not thinking of something until later. Russian is probably far from the only language to not have an established term for that particular combination of ideas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian has its own highly idiomatic verb which, connotation-wise, may be the &lt;em&gt;opposite&lt;/em&gt; of &quot;afterthought&quot;: &lt;strong&gt;спохватиться&lt;/strong&gt;, &quot;to suddenly [and almost belatedly] remember or realise&quot;. The implied importance here is greater, not lesser.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your example, I'd rephrase it as &lt;strong&gt;Потом добавил(а) гвоздику и корицу — чуть не забыл(а).&lt;/strong&gt; (Since I think I can safely presume that &lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt; was used in the preceding sentence, the pronoun drop here makes it flow better.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2019-11-13T16:38:44.717" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20796" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2922" CreationDate="2019-11-13T16:58:15.990" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Родина = kinland/homeland/birthland all in one.&#xA;Отчизна = stateland (countryland). It's more official&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12776" LastActivityDate="2019-11-13T16:58:15.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9523" CreationDate="2019-11-13T17:12:53.917" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Motherland is not close translation for Rodina. Rodina literally is &quot;land of kin&quot;/kinland. For Motherworld much possible closest translation will be rodnoy mir (Родной мир). Материнская планета can be used too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12776" LastActivityDate="2019-11-13T17:12:53.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9523" CreationDate="2019-11-13T23:39:01.723" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Родина&lt;/strong&gt; means homeland. &quot;Motherland&quot; is an already needlessly ethnicised translation of a fairly generic term, and you're pretty much looking for something that doesn't exist outside of the English translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At any rate, there is no explicit &quot;land&quot; part in it. &lt;strong&gt;-ина&lt;/strong&gt; is a place suffix — much like the &lt;strong&gt;-ia&lt;/strong&gt; of &lt;strong&gt;patria&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;Pennsylvania&lt;/strong&gt; — and you can't expect any natural language to have evolved a grammaticalized way to refer to &quot;worlds&quot; when humanity has been Earthbound for most of its history — and remains Earthbound in terms of permanent dwelling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There may be ways to approximate &quot;motherworld&quot; in Russian but it will be an approximation of an English neologism which English speakers associate with Russia for a more or less random reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2019-11-13T23:48:01.220" LastActivityDate="2019-11-13T23:48:01.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20799" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20794" CreationDate="2019-11-13T23:54:17.633" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Afterthought&quot; is indeed has no direct translation to Russian, particularly not in the sense of &quot;thought&quot;. However, an action of adding something of a &lt;strong&gt;lesser&lt;/strong&gt; importance to an already compiled list can be described by a number of words and idioms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вдобавок (in addition)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Можно еще (possible as well)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ну и еще (and also)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не повредит (won't harm to)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Для пущей важности (for greater show)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;До кучи (for completeness)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ну раз пошла такая пьянка (if we have a drinking party like this)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-11-13T23:54:17.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20786" CreationDate="2019-11-14T17:37:20.650" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Выражение «женское счастье» — это отсылка к восприятию, что для женщины найти супруга — своего рода карьера. Успех мужчины — это что он сделал и где работает, успех женщины — это кто её муж и какая у неё семья. Я бы не сказал, что использование этого выражения есть непременно знак, что использующий его разделяет такое восприятие. Скорее, он считает его уместным для описания именно той ситуации, о которой идёт речь. То есть подразумевается, что эта вдова до какой-то степени разделяет подобные суждения о гендерных ролях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выражение «мужское счастье» — это новояз, как уже здесь говорили.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выражения «гендерное счастье» просто нет, его невозможно понять.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastActivityDate="2019-11-14T17:37:20.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20801" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20803" CreationDate="2019-11-14T17:58:02.633" Score="2" ViewCount="102" Body="&lt;p&gt;В русском языке, как правило, косвенное дополнение (в дательном падеже) предшествует прямое дополнение, например, в следующем предложении:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я подарила брату чемодан.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если меняешь стандартный порядок слов, какой смысловой оттенок будет в предложении? Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я подарила чемодан брату.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Я брату подарила чемодан.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как носитель русского языка будет воспринимать эти два предложения? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Значение или подчеркивание имён существительных будет отличаться от стандартного/грамматического предложения?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7281" LastEditorUserId="7281" LastEditDate="2019-11-15T09:28:00.870" LastActivityDate="2019-11-15T09:28:00.870" Title="Порядок слов с дательным падежом (прямое дополнение / косвенное дополнение)" Tags="&lt;дательный-падеж&gt;&lt;синтаксис&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20802" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20691" CreationDate="2019-11-14T17:58:59.823" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You may understand it as &quot;что уж там &lt;strong&gt;думать&lt;/strong&gt;...&quot;, meaning that further reflecting about an issue in question is pointless. The exact translation cannot be said in advance, of course, and people with different emotional attitudes would tend to translate it differently in a generic context. This grammatical construction, &quot;что + infinitive&quot;, meaning that further doing infinitive-ing is undesirable, is rather advanced, as it does not arise on every occasion. Another example: &quot;что головой трясти, работать пора&quot; — &quot;enough nodding your head, it's time to get up and working&quot;. It can be understood as an ellipsis itself: &quot;что &lt;strong&gt;толку&lt;/strong&gt; головой трясти&quot;. The meaning of &quot;уж&quot; is close to &quot;уже&quot;, as it refers to a situation that has changed in one's mind, that is now thought of differently. For example: &quot;я уж не знаю&quot; — &quot;now, I can't saying anything at all&quot;. &quot;Там&quot; means just &quot;there&quot;, that is far enough in the mental space, which results in describing someone who does not want to give much thought to something: &quot;Я послал туда несколько отрядов, там восемь или десять&quot; — &quot;I sent there a few groups, I don't know maybe eight or ten&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastEditorUserId="8357" LastEditDate="2019-11-17T14:15:36.363" LastActivityDate="2019-11-17T14:15:36.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20803" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20801" CreationDate="2019-11-14T18:14:29.983" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Я подарила брату чемодан.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is just you telling someone that you gifted a suitcase to your&#xA;brother.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Я подарила чемодан брату.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sounds to me more like a start of a full sentence.  E.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;i&gt;Я подарила чемодан брату, а он его выкинул!&lt;/i&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Брату я подарила чемодан.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, sounds like a beginning of a sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;i&gt;Брату я подарила чемодан, а сестре — сумку.&lt;/i&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Я брату подарила чемодан.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Чемодан я подарила брату.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Etc.  These sound like you're trying to write a poem, heh.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2019-11-14T18:14:29.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20801" CreationDate="2019-11-14T18:55:44.663" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Change of word order highlights different accents in the meaning. Generally, pulling a word forward from its &quot;normal&quot; place implies that it's for some reason more important.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я подарила брату чемодан.&quot; - Neutral meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я подарила чемодан брату.&quot; - &quot;Чемодан&quot; is more important for some reason. Usually, this is implied from the context, like: &quot;А где твой зеленый чемодан?&quot; - &quot;Я подарила чемодан брату.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я брату подарила чемодан.&quot; - &quot;Брат&quot; is more important than normal. Ex: &quot;А что ты подарила брату на день рождения?&quot; - &quot;Я брату подарила чемодан.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-11-14T18:55:44.663" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20805" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-15T03:41:13.777" Score="3" ViewCount="282" Body="&lt;p&gt;Имеем перевод с отсутсвующим исходным текстом:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы вознаграждаем авторов вопросов пересчитав репутацию!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какой смысл имеет это предложение? Говорит ли оно только текущем моменте или о любом моменте во времени?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нужно ли обособлять оборот &quot;пересчитав репутацию&quot; запятой?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примечание. Возможная исходная фраза&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We’re rewarding the question askers &amp;amp; reputations are being recalculated! Read more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4076" LastActivityDate="2019-11-15T19:04:08.353" Title="Запятая в предложении с деепричастным оборотом" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20806" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20816" CreationDate="2019-11-15T09:20:42.167" Score="1" ViewCount="334" Body="&lt;p&gt;While listening to &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DAQZyrA5dEA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pozner&lt;/a&gt; I've heard the phrase &quot;кто девушку ужинает тот ее и танцует&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Where does it come from?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12782" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-15T16:08:13.177" LastActivityDate="2019-12-01T12:28:21.327" Title="Where does the phrase &quot;кто девушку ужинает тот ее и танцует&quot; come from?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20807" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20808" CreationDate="2019-11-15T11:56:30.460" Score="1" ViewCount="243" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been reading a bit about Russian prosody and it's been puzzling me. According to Wikipedia, there are different historical definitions of what дольник means, but most scholars today subscribe to the following one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Дольник&lt;/a&gt; возникает, когда в исходном трёхсложном силлабо-тоническом стихе интервал между сильными слогами (иктами) в случайных местах сокращается с двух слабых слогов до одного.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meanwhile, by the article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3#%D0%92_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;слог&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В русском языке слоги различают по количественной характеристике: &lt;strong&gt;сильные&lt;/strong&gt; (оканчивающиеся на долгую гласную или на гласную+согласные) и &lt;strong&gt;слабые&lt;/strong&gt; (оканчивающиеся на краткую гласную).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, according to the article on &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;долгие и краткие гласные&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В процессе формирования самостоятельных славянских языков на основе праславянских диалектов в большинстве из них оппозиция гласных по долготе — краткости была утрачена за исключением чешского, словацкого и сербохорватского языков.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After all Russian does not distinguish between long and short vowels...! So my questions are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What are the сильные and слабые слоги?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What exactly is дольник? It seems to me that дольник just means each line of the poem has the same number of stresses. However, Wikipedia gives the following example which doesn't really correspond to my understanding:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Его встречали повсюду&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    На улицах в сонные дни.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Он шел и нес свое чудо,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Спотыкаясь в морозной тени.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    (А. Блок)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any help is very much appreciated!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6686" LastActivityDate="2019-11-15T18:24:47.093" Title="What exactly is дольник?" Tags="&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20808" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20807" CreationDate="2019-11-15T12:31:15.810" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;These are stressed and unstressed syllables. Also you can think about them as of weak and stong beats in music. It is &quot;слабая и сильная доли&quot; for Russian. Доля - дольник.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;So ДОЛЬНИК is a prosodic foot, where stressed syllable goes for strong beat, but for weak beat there are one or two unstressed syllables.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is like 4/4 time signature, where number is strong beat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...........1.................2.............3.............4&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    ........Ег&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; .. встреч&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ли повс&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt;ду........ &lt;strong&gt;!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    ......На &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;лицах в с&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;нные дн&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;. ..........&lt;strong&gt;!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    ...Он ш&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;л и ...... н&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;с свое ч&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;до, ...... &lt;strong&gt;!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;    Спотык&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ясь в мор&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;зной тен&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;. ....... &lt;strong&gt;!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12747" LastEditorUserId="12747" LastEditDate="2019-11-15T12:46:30.857" LastActivityDate="2019-11-15T12:46:30.857" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20805" CreationDate="2019-11-15T15:49:58.043" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если это предложение должно иметь смысл приведённого английского, то для деепричастия ошибочно выбраны &lt;em&gt;время&lt;/em&gt; (прошедшее) и &lt;em&gt;вид&lt;/em&gt; (совершенный). В исходном варианте оно грамматически неверно. Деепричастие здесь должно &lt;em&gt;раскрывать содержание&lt;/em&gt; основного действия (&lt;em&gt;в чем заключается&lt;/em&gt; поощрение пользователей, задающих вопросы), будучи с ним &lt;em&gt;одновременным&lt;/em&gt;. Это упрощённая, более лаконичная форма предложения:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы поощряем/вознаграждаем авторов вопросов тем, что пересчит&lt;strong&gt;ываем&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  им репутацию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Если деепричастие называет одновременное действие, оно может стоять и до, и после сказуемого. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.examen.ru/add/manual/school-subjects/languages/russian/slovar/deeprichastie/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.examen.ru/add/manual/school-subjects/languages/russian/slovar/deeprichastie/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Соответственно, при замене второй части приведённого предложения на деепричастный оборот проблем не возникает, и правильный вариант исходного предложения может быть таким:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы поощряем авторов вопросов, пересчит&lt;strong&gt;ывая&lt;/strong&gt; [им] репутацию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-11-15T15:49:58.043" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20810" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20807" CreationDate="2019-11-15T18:24:47.093" Score="4" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;After all Russian does not distinguish between long and short vowels...!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You confuse commonly spoken language and poetic/song language. Formally, &lt;em&gt;дольник&lt;/em&gt; is a kind of &lt;em&gt;accentual verse&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;тонический стих&lt;/em&gt; in Russian; although it is also often referred as &quot;a transitive form&quot; between accentual-syllabic and accentual verse).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &lt;em&gt;сильный слог&lt;/em&gt; in this context differs from &quot;stressed syllable&quot; as in normal speech. Therefore it was also explicitly named &quot;ictus&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;What exactly is дольник?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can think it as a regular iamb or trochee with a few extra (weak) syllables (2-syllable based), or one of regular 3-syllable forms where a few weak syllables are (irregularly) omitted (3-syllable based).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;AFAIK, in English and German poetry they don't use a special term for it. So, say, a German speaking person may refer &quot;Ich weiss nicht, was soll es bedeuten, // Dass ich so traurig bin&quot; as &quot;Jambus&quot;, while by Russian tradition it should be classified as &quot;дольник&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2019-11-15T18:24:47.093" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20805" CreationDate="2019-11-15T19:04:08.353" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эта запятая лишняя и надо её убрать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот два источника с правилами, подтверждающими это мнение:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Также не нужны запятые, если деепричастие выражает не дополнительное действие, а оттенок основного&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Источник: &lt;a href=&quot;http://ktvd.ru/obosoblenie-deeprichastnych-oborotov/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://ktvd.ru/obosoblenie-deeprichastnych-oborotov/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Примечание.&lt;/strong&gt; Одиночное деепричастие или деепричастный оборот не обособляется:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) если деепричастный оборот (обычно со значением обстоятельства образа действия) тесно связан по содержанию со сказуемым и образует смысловой центр высказывания: &lt;em&gt;Она сидела чуть откинув голову&lt;/em&gt; (Марк.) — указывается, что она не просто сидела, а сидела с откинутой головой; &lt;em&gt;Жили Артамоновы ни с кем не знакомясь&lt;/em&gt; (М.&amp;nbsp;Г.) — важно, что жили без всяких знакомств; &lt;em&gt;Это упражнение делают&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;стоя на вытянутых носках&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; — смысл сообщения в том, каким образом делают упражнение; &lt;em&gt;Старик шёл&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;прихрамывая на правую ногу&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Студенты приобретают знания&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;не только слушая лекции, но и выполняя практические работы&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Писал он обычно&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;наклонив голову&lt;/strong&gt;;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не унижая себя&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;говорю, а говорю с болью в сердце&lt;/em&gt; (М.&amp;nbsp;Г.); &lt;em&gt;Огромного роста, редкой силы, волосатый, он ходил по земле&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;наклоня голову,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;как бык&lt;/em&gt; (М.&amp;nbsp;Г.); &lt;em&gt;Яков сидел&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;опустив ноги&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (М.&amp;nbsp;Г.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Источник: &lt;a href=&quot;http://old-rozental.ru/punctuatio.php?sid=113&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://old-rozental.ru/punctuatio.php?sid=113&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5385" LastActivityDate="2019-11-15T19:04:08.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20812" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20691" CreationDate="2019-11-15T19:42:52.503" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Оно отражает то, что следующая за ним вещь является усиленной версией предшествующей. При этом довольно часто будет приводиться прям доведённая до крайности или до абсурда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В большинстве случаев можно перевести как &quot;а ещё&quot; (and/but also/even) или &quot;не задумываясь&quot; (don't think/care/bother). Вариант, который мне нравится больше других, я выделил курсивом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давайте везде курить, что уж там, детям в лицо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Let's smoke everywhere and even [blow the smoke] to children faces.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's smoke everywhere and [blow the smoke] to children faces without further thinking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Да что уж там, благодаря им выросли экономики целой полдюжины стран.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And also because of them economics of the whole half a dozen counties have risen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И мне линк давайте, что уж там.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And give me a link also. (When he gave it to multiple people and the asker wants a link too.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't bother, give a link to me. (Seems less suitable for this phrase, but in general such usage is possible in &quot;Да что уж там, дайте ссылку&quot;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Give me a link too.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Самокопание, уверенность в себе и – чего уж там – правильное место и правильное время важны наравне с талантом. (Source)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Self-digging, self-confidence and even the right place and the right time are same as important as talent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он вошел с ключом огромным,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Намекнул с порога сам:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  – Разуваться? – так нескромно.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  – Раздевайся, что уж там.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[You can not only take off you shoes] but you even can take off your clothes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't think [about anything], you may undress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just undress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;- Take off my shoes?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;- Everything.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5385" LastEditorUserId="5385" LastEditDate="2019-11-15T20:34:22.203" LastActivityDate="2019-11-15T20:34:22.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20806" CreationDate="2019-11-18T09:21:55.743" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase comes from a Soviet movie 'Mimino' (1977), and its particular form (both &lt;em&gt;intransitive&lt;/em&gt; verbs are used as &lt;em&gt;transitive&lt;/em&gt; ones) is a joke (by the movie authors) about typically &lt;em&gt;Georgian&lt;/em&gt; imperfectness in speaking Russian (by the movie plot, the character is  from Georgia). The phrase was pronounced as an argument in a restaurant and its meaning was: 'the one who's invited a girl for dinner has an exclusive right to dance with her' (Кто пригласил девушку на ужин, тот с ней и будет танцевать). As it often happens with especially catchy phrases from movies, later it started to be used as an idiom (about some other rights).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2019-11-18T15:42:47.910" LastActivityDate="2019-11-18T15:42:47.910" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20817" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20821" CreationDate="2019-11-18T13:01:52.993" Score="4" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;Надо ли использовать двойное тире в следующем предложении для обособления?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В асинхронном варианте выбор сгенерировать исключение или нет&#xA;  оставлен на усмотрение программиста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Т.е. будет ли такая конструкция верной?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В асинхронном варианте выбор — сгенерировать исключение или нет —&#xA;  оставлен на усмотрение программиста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should I use double dashes to separate explanation in the following sentence? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В асинхронном варианте выбор сгенерировать исключение или нет  оставлен на усмотрение программиста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like so:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В асинхронном варианте выбор — сгенерировать исключение или нет —&#xA;      оставлен на усмотрение программиста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12791" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2019-11-18T21:51:20.997" LastActivityDate="2019-11-18T21:51:20.997" Title="Обособление двойным тире (Separation by double dashes)" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20818" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20817" CreationDate="2019-11-18T15:49:00.717" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&#xA;Это не похоже на&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://orfogrammka.ru/%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F/%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;вставную конструкцию&lt;/a&gt;.&#xA;Похоже на&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://orfogrammka.ru/%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82/%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8-%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85-%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;уточнение&lt;/a&gt;,&#xA;но я лично использовал бы запятые.&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2019-11-18T15:49:00.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20819" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-18T16:36:34.763" Score="4" ViewCount="297" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between битва and сражение? Every reference I've looked at translates both as &quot;battle,&quot; but they don't seem to be interchangeable. The Wikipedia entry for &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;битва&lt;/a&gt; specifically says &quot;Не следует путать со Сражением,&quot; and vice-versa the entry for &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;сражение&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Judging from &lt;a href=&quot;https://thedifference.ru/chem-bitva-otlichaetsya-ot-srazheniya/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt;, I get two contradictory impressions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;That битва is a specific battle, often one that is crucial to the war, whereas сражение is a series of military actions, which might be better translated as a &quot;campaign.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;That битва is a more general word for battle, maybe even &quot;battle&quot; in the abstract, whereas сражение is always a description of some actual fighting.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So as you can see, I'm quite confused. Can anyone clarify the distinction? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10267" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-19T09:59:00.023" LastActivityDate="2019-11-24T13:06:51.557" Title="Difference between &quot;битва&quot; and &quot;сражение&quot;?" Tags="&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20819" CreationDate="2019-11-18T18:38:30.910" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a very period-sensitive question, because the meaning of those words had been slowly, but continuously evolving over the last several centuries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those words are largely synonyms, and historically some battles had become known as &quot;битва&quot;, and some as &quot;сражение&quot;. There are other words that have essentially the same meaning and they had become inseparable from certain events. For example, we say &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_on_the_Ice&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ледовое побоище&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, but never &quot;ледовая битва&quot; or &quot;ледовое сражение&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recently (in 20 century) &quot;битва&quot; had become to mean a large, deciding &quot;сражение&quot; (ex. &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Сталинградская битва&lt;/a&gt;&quot;). Overall, &quot;битва&quot; has a historical, poetic flavor to it, while &quot;сражение&quot; is more neutral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern lexicon, both &quot;битва&quot; and &quot;сражение&quot; are falling out of favor and words like &quot;бой&quot; or &quot;операция&quot; are used instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-11-18T18:38:30.910" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20817" CreationDate="2019-11-18T21:20:46.970" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Пунктуация очень часто вещь интонационная, это одна из причин её появления в принципе. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сравните фразы. Просто прочтите их и послушайте, как они звучат в вашей голове:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Выбор идти в институт или нет предстоит сделать каждому одиннадцатикласснику. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Выбор — идти в институт или нет — предстоит сделать каждому одиннадцатикласснику. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я бьюсь об заклад, что вторая прозвучит так, как будто кто-то произносит её в телерепортаже. Этаким поставленным дикторским голосом. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И первый вариант и второй правомерны, первый более частый.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-11-18T21:20:46.970" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20819" CreationDate="2019-11-19T06:50:44.400" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Roughly, &quot;битва&quot; is a battle, where &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decisive_victory&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Decisive victory&lt;/a&gt; on the operation level was achieved by one side.&#xA;&quot;Сражение&quot; is a &quot;decisive&quot; battle which determined results of the whole war, i.e. there was a decisive victory on strategic level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Strongly disagree with using of &quot;бой&quot; instead of &quot;битва&quot;. &quot;Бой&quot; is strictly localized in time and place, for &quot;битва&quot; и &quot;сражение&quot; it is not mandatory condition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12747" LastActivityDate="2019-11-19T06:50:44.400" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20823" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20691" CreationDate="2019-11-19T12:25:50.270" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This idiom is incompleted phrase &quot;чего уж там стеснятся!&quot; (&quot;if so - let's not be ashamed of it!&quot; - smth like that)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2019-11-19T12:25:50.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20824" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-20T08:22:48.010" Score="5" ViewCount="338" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which relationship aspects are meant with this idiom, is it some specific irony?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-21T11:21:49.860" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T06:44:20.117" Title="&quot;Бьёт, значит любит?&quot; - is it ironic?" Tags="&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20824" CreationDate="2019-11-20T08:51:59.653" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an old 'wisdom' about a husband: hopefully, this way he reveals (from the depth of his soul) he's &lt;em&gt;not indifferent&lt;/em&gt; to his wife (is jealous at least). Maybe it is possible to use the phrase for expressing irony about something (as a remark about beating someone or even something), but it happens not too often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-11-20T08:51:59.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20824" CreationDate="2019-11-20T09:43:59.410" Score="11" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He that spareth his rod hateth his son: but he that loveth him chasteneth him betimes.&#xA;  Proverbs, 13:24&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course now it mostly used as hard irony, the society condemns both aggressor and victim for such thoughts. It does not really mean hitting, it can be about psychological pressure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also it used humorously when boys with puberty just started can't express their new attention to girls other ways than to harass them (not in some really bad way).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12747" LastActivityDate="2019-11-20T09:43:59.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20827" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-20T18:30:17.987" Score="2" ViewCount="169" Body="&lt;p&gt;In these examples you can see verbs идти (unidirectional) and ходить (multidirectional). Apart from the difference in tense seen in the examples, what is the reason for using different types of verbs? Does the first example assume that the subject is following only one direction while the second is wandering?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;В прескверном настроении шёл я по городу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Она ходит по комнате&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11093" LastEditorUserId="11093" LastEditDate="2019-11-21T07:36:37.797" LastActivityDate="2019-11-21T14:12:39.270" Title="Unidrectional versus multidirectional verbs (идти - ходить)" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;aspect&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20827" CreationDate="2019-11-20T19:24:14.093" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, generally correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;В прескверном настроении шёл я по городу&quot; - yes, at least for the purpose of current context, the movement here is unidirectional. In larger context, the author may be wandering, but in situational context his movement is unidirectional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Она ходит по комнате&quot; - yes, this implies movement without specific direction. In the context, correct meaning is likely &quot;wandering&quot;, but there may be a specific purpose to her walking, like cleaning up the room.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-11-20T19:24:14.093" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20824" CreationDate="2019-11-21T08:07:16.300" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it means that the husband beats his wife trying to 'bring to reason' or 'teach her' in any way. Or as Alex_ander said, he is not indifferent to her. And therefore he 'loves' her in a way. And this idiom reflects the ironical view on a 'traditional' patriarchal family, where husband 'owns' his wife and has moral rights to abuse her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays it isused as an irony only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9116" LastEditorUserId="9116" LastEditDate="2019-11-21T10:56:48.570" LastActivityDate="2019-11-21T10:56:48.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20794" CreationDate="2019-11-21T08:16:34.350" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the closest translation to Russian we can achieve using the transgressive of &lt;code&gt;поразмыслить&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;code&gt;поразмыслив&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Затем, поразмыслив, я вспомнил(а), что нужно добавить гвоздику и&#xA;  корицу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9116" LastActivityDate="2019-11-21T08:16:34.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20832" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20819" CreationDate="2019-11-21T08:23:16.143" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;These words are synonyms. The only difference I can think of is that &lt;code&gt;битва&lt;/code&gt; is a bigger event, a big &lt;code&gt;сражение&lt;/code&gt; so to say. &#xA;&lt;code&gt;Битва&lt;/code&gt; has also a slight poetic flavour. But only a slight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that's like the impression of the word, you can use them interchangeable in 100% of the cases (when it's not the official name of some battle of course).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9116" LastActivityDate="2019-11-21T08:23:16.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20833" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20827" CreationDate="2019-11-21T09:45:40.983" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Neither&lt;/em&gt; verb is about a &lt;em&gt;single direction&lt;/em&gt;. Considering the possibility of &lt;em&gt;идти по лабиринту&lt;/em&gt;, I'd say the verb &lt;strong&gt;идти&lt;/strong&gt; is rather about &lt;strong&gt;following a rout&lt;/strong&gt; at some moment in time, while the verb &lt;strong&gt;ходить&lt;/strong&gt; contains a conclusion about &lt;em&gt;type&lt;/em&gt; of the walker's &lt;em&gt;motion&lt;/em&gt; within a period of time: it's a &lt;strong&gt;continuous&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;repeated&lt;/strong&gt; motion (going to and fro within a limited area or going somewhere from time to time, e. g. &lt;em&gt;ходить по рынку&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;ходить в театр&lt;/em&gt;). An example for direct comparison:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Идёт&lt;/strong&gt; по кругу = follows a circular line; &lt;strong&gt;ходит&lt;/strong&gt; по кругу = is making&#xA;  circles around something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2019-11-21T14:12:39.270" LastActivityDate="2019-11-21T14:12:39.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20835" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20838" CreationDate="2019-11-21T14:10:56.887" Score="15" ViewCount="593" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here I am sitting late in the evening, struggling with a home test devised by a university teacher of mine, and here is a question in the test:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как корректно закончить следующее предложение?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я считаю Пушкина более талантливым поэтом, чем ... .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(а) Блок&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(б) Блока&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The teacher is known for setting up traps and being harsh to students (see, e.g., this &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/20449&quot;&gt;post&lt;/a&gt; of mine). The test I am currently struggling with is full of nasty traps set up by using homonyms, idioms, double meanings, etc. Some questions have more than one correct answer, and some - none at all. The good news is that I can use the Internet and, in particular, the Russian SE, as the test is to be completed at home.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to find the answer to the above question by doing research in Google, but got very much confused and puzzled. One the one hand, a classic Russian writer, Lev Tolstoy, wrote in his novel &lt;em&gt;Anna Karenina&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Нисколько, – Левин слышал, что Облонский улыбался, говоря это, – я просто не считаю его более бесчестным, чем кого бы то ни было из богатых купцов и дворян. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://rulibrary.ru/tolstoy/anna_karenina/356&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He used the same grammatical construction as the one in the test question and chose either the genitive case or the accusative case after &lt;strong&gt;чем&lt;/strong&gt;, and this suggests that I should choose Answer (б). On the other hand, I found examples suggesting the opposite. Here is an example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Считаю его более значимой фигурой в игре команды, чем Аксель Витсель. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sportsdaily.ru/articles/spartak-bolshe-ne-propustit-pyat&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Especially confusing is this &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.online812.ru/2010/11/09/006&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;. Its title is: &amp;quot;Считаю Жевнова более стабильным, чем Малафеева.&amp;quot; But the same article also contains the following sentence: &amp;quot;Но все равно считаю его более стабильным игроком, чем Вячеслав Малафеев.&amp;quot; That is, the author flip-flops like a landed fish when choosing the grammatical case in the grammatical construction my teacher is asking me about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My gut tells me there is a trap. The whole sentence sounds somewhat weird to me, so I won't be surprised if the teacher says that none of the suggested variants makes the sentence right. I also won't be surprised to hear that both suggested variants will do the job and can be used interchangeably. And who knows, maybe only one variant is correct if formally judged by some strict grammar rules only teachers know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I am curious as to what native speakers have to say and whether they can help a confused Japanese student evade a trap set up by a harsh Russian teacher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which variant should I choose and why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-06-27T10:09:53.027" Title="&quot;Я считаю Пушкина более талантливым поэтом, чем Блок&quot; or &quot;чем Блокa&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20836" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20835" CreationDate="2019-11-21T14:29:44.453" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я считаю Пушкина более талантливым поэтом, чем Блока&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that &lt;code&gt;I think Pushkin is more talented than Block is&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я считаю Пушкина более талантливым поэтом, чем Блок&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means &lt;code&gt;I think Pushkin is more talented than what Block thinks about Pushkin's talent&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both sentences are grammatically valid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9116" LastActivityDate="2019-11-21T14:29:44.453" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20835" CreationDate="2019-11-21T16:04:50.820" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sentence &quot;Я считаю Пушкина более талантливым [поэтом], чем Блока&quot; can be treated as a short form of following: &quot;Я считаю Пушкина более талантливым [поэтом], [чем я считаю] Блока&quot;. &lt;strong&gt;This is the correct form.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The sentence &quot;Я считаю Пушкина более талантливым [поэтом], чем Блок&quot; is incorrect (in this particular context, @user7808407 actually is right about how can this be alternatively interpreted), the form with nominative would be rather &quot;Я считаю, что Пушкин более талантлив[ый] [поэт], чем Блок&quot;. However, this kind of mistakes are quite typical in casual speech. Some linguists even think that those are early traces of Russian language evolution towards the loss of cases, but, for good or for bad, we are not there yet. And won't be in foreseeable future. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-21T17:03:02.023" LastActivityDate="2019-11-21T17:03:02.023" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20835" CreationDate="2019-11-21T17:00:12.570" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically, this variant is correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я считаю Пушкина более талантливым поэтом, чем Блок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is easily verified by changing the word order in the sentence a little bit:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я считаю Пушкина более талантливым, чем Блок, поэтом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This way putting &lt;em&gt;Блок&lt;/em&gt; in accusative makes the sentence sound ungrammatical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, building a sentence like this is putting a strain on reader's cognitive abilities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &amp;quot;wrong&amp;quot; one is not a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-path_sentence&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;garden path sentence&lt;/a&gt; (because it's technically ungrammatical) but it's very close to it because it looks grammatical, and here's why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider the two sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я читаю Пушкина более тщательно, чем Блок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я читаю Пушкина более тщательно, чем Блока.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those are two simple sentences with apparently different meanings: the former means &amp;quot;I read Pushkin more thoroughly than Blok does&amp;quot;, the second one means &amp;quot;I read Pushkin more thoroughly than I read Blok&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those are two equally valid sentences, and there's nothing wrong with them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your original sentences are almost like this one, however, &lt;em&gt;более … чем&lt;/em&gt; is not governed by the verb anymore. It's now not &lt;em&gt;считаю более, чем&lt;/em&gt; but &lt;em&gt;Пушкин более талантливый, чем&lt;/em&gt;. The slight change in the wording completely rewires the whole sentence structure, leading the reader down the proverbial garden path.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a result, the incorrect sentence has perceptibly correct structure (because it does not differ much from the correct sentences with almost the same structure) and its meaning can be easily deduced. This makes even the native speakers make mistakes like that, which is something you saw in your Internet quotes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not much different from the famous &lt;em&gt;проезжая мимо станции, у меня слетела шляпа&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Any Russian speaker can tell what exactly it means; it's close to the grammatically, if not so much semantically, correct &lt;em&gt;проезжая мимо станции, слетела шляпа&lt;/em&gt;; and it does work exactly like this in many languages, so it does not go against the basic patterns of language use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is enough to make it widely used by the native speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the real answer to your question would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Both of those sentences are incorrect: the first one is ungrammatical, and the second one is hard to get out of&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я считаю, что Пушкин, как поэт, талантливее Блока&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is shorter and easier to parse and understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="14712" LastEditDate="2020-06-27T00:51:38.797" LastActivityDate="2020-06-27T00:51:38.797" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20839" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20842" CreationDate="2019-11-22T06:03:22.607" Score="5" ViewCount="382" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to tell an adverb &quot;выше&quot; from an adjective &quot;выше&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it an adjective or an adverb (or, perhaps, a preposition) in the following examples?:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Джек выше других учеников в классе.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Джек был выше других учеников в классе.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;А Джек всё же выше.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;А Джек был всё же выше.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Выше смотри, ни о чём не жалей.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Теплоход пошёл выше.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Они оказались выше мелких склок и личных амбиций.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Выше обзор лучше.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2019-11-22T06:35:32.710" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T12:40:07.673" Title="&quot;выше&quot; - adverb or an adjective?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20839" CreationDate="2019-11-22T07:03:51.053" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not a universal rule, but it can be applied to your examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adverbs can be taken out of the sentence, leaving it grammatically correct. Comparative&#xA;adjectives often form the predicate of a sentence and can't be taken out easily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, 5, 6, 8 are adverbs and the rest are (comparative) adjectives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are a native speaker, try replacing выше with a question. If it's какой?, it's an adjective, otherwise an adverb: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Они оказались (какими?) выше мелких склок и личных амбиций. =&gt; Adjective.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Они оказались (где?) выше по течению. =&gt; Adverb.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T07:03:51.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20839" CreationDate="2019-11-22T12:40:07.673" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes only the context can help us decide if &lt;em&gt;выше&lt;/em&gt; is an adjective or an adverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I agree with &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/20841/1236&quot;&gt;@Sergey Slepov&lt;/a&gt; that &lt;em&gt;выше&lt;/em&gt; in sentences 5, 6, 8 can be only adverbs. Still, one can find such contexts that sentences 1, 2, 3, and 4 can be interpreted as having &lt;em&gt;выше&lt;/em&gt; as an adverb, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, sentence 1, if we talk about mountain climbing, then imagine a photo of a mountain with several students climbing it, each at a different height. The context for &lt;em&gt;выше&lt;/em&gt; being an adverb here is as following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[— А где на этом фото Джек?]&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  — Джек выше других учеников в классе. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sentence 2 can be looked at as describing that Jack climbed higher than somebody else:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;[Все ученики поднимались высоко на эту гору, но никто не дошёл до вершины.] Джек был выше других учеников в классе. [Он поднялся выше всех.]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sentence 3 can also be about a photo with mountaineers, when two people are arguing about where exactly in the photo Jack is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[— Вот это Джек, возле этого камня.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  — Нет, это Стив.] А Джек всё же выше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sentence 4 can be a part of an argument about who climbed higher, Steve or Jack:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[— Стив был на высоте 3,5 километра.]&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  — А Джек был всё же выше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only sentence 7 has &lt;em&gt;выше&lt;/em&gt; as an adjective without a doubt, since &lt;em&gt;мелкие склоки и личные амбиции&lt;/em&gt; are abstract notions, one cannot be physically above or below them. Sentences 1—4 can have either an adjective (most likely) or an adverb, sentences 5, 6, and 8 have adverbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T12:40:07.673" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20843" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20846" CreationDate="2019-11-22T15:43:03.217" Score="10" ViewCount="578" Body="&lt;p&gt;Typically, the authorship of a work of art is indicated with the genitive case: «роман Толстого». The subject of a photograph is also indicated with the genitive, however: «фотография Толстого». You can probably see where I'm going with this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I indicate the photographer who took a photo, distinguishing it from a photo &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; that photographer? I'm inclined to insert the preposition «у» (e.g., «фото у Дмитрия Зверева»), but I'm not at all confident in that idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10267" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T16:45:20.880" Title="How to indicate &quot;photograph by&quot;" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20844" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20843" CreationDate="2019-11-22T15:49:12.207" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't recommend to use &quot;у&quot; preposition, because the meaning of &quot;фото у Дмитрия Зверева&quot; is actually &quot;the photo is now at Dmitry's place&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For me, the most suitable phrase will be &quot;фотография, сделанная Дмитрием&quot;, so the listener can distinguish the meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11706" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T15:49:12.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20819" CreationDate="2019-11-22T16:01:22.000" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian you can safely call them complete synonyms. See &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%2C%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;amp;case_insensitive=on&amp;amp;year_start=1500&amp;amp;year_end=2019&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t4%3B%2C%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%91%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%92%D0%90%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2C%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%3B%2Cc0%3B%3B%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Ngram&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notably «сражение» was more popular up between 1750 to early 1800s (including Napoleonic times), after that «битва» overtook it (maybe Pushkin preferred it for having less syllables - useful in poetry; or Slavophiles felt it to be more native Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But since approximately 1920 (after Revolution and Civil War), usage levels became close, and since around 1960 (post WWII) nearly identical. So I’d say any difference in meaning is lost since then. In Russian, it is considered good writing style to switch between synonyms frequently so not to tire the reader with the same word, so modern writers may use «битва» и «сражение» interchangeably for the same battle in one sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also included «баталия» in that graph, it’s a borrowing (probably early 1700s - Peter the Great reforms time) which evidently never became really popular and now is considered archaic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may try adding «бой» yourself to that graph, it is used more often, but means a less epic engagement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12019" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T16:01:22.000" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20843" CreationDate="2019-11-22T16:31:40.133" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;It very much depends on &lt;em&gt;where&lt;/em&gt; you want to put that phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If it's a signature on the photo, just the name (in the nominative case) is enough: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.artlebedev.ru/kovodstvo/sections/169/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.artlebedev.ru/kovodstvo/sections/169/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A credit / acknowledgement usually reads &quot;Фото Дмитрия Зверева&quot; or &quot;Фото: Дмитрий Зверев&quot; or &quot;Автор фото - Дмитрий Зверев&quot; or &quot;Фотограф - Дмитрий Зверев&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mid-sentence, you may want to say something like &quot;На фото, сделанном Дмитрием Зверевым, изображен Дмитрий Зайцев&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T16:31:40.133" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20847" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20843" CreationDate="2019-11-22T16:45:20.880" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we can see the photo in question, like in a book or on a web site, and it has a label, then the convention for the label is like this: &lt;em&gt;фото[графия] + {name in Gen.}&lt;/em&gt; means the author of the photo, &lt;em&gt;На фото[графии]: {name in Nom.}&lt;/em&gt; means the person shown in the photo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we cannot see the photo, like it is a description in a book, then it all depends on context. If we know that Sergey is a photographer, then &lt;em&gt;Мне очень нравятся фотографии Сергея&lt;/em&gt; would imply 'the photos taken by Sergey'. If the police are looking for John and they ask his friend, &quot;У вас есть фотографии Джона?&quot;, then it is clear they need photos with John's face. If the context is ambiguous, it is better to clarify it, saying &lt;em&gt;фото, сделанные/снятые Сергеем&lt;/em&gt; if Sergey is the author, and &lt;em&gt;фото Сергея&lt;/em&gt; otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-11-22T16:45:20.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20819" CreationDate="2019-11-24T13:06:51.557" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say сражение has a wider meaning: it can be used not only in a war but also can be conducted between two opponents, a fight with swords or a duel. It metaphorically can also be used in sport, chess, argument, game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Битва on the other hand always mean cruel battle with multiple participants. Yes, it can mean metaphorically battle with non-lethal weapons, but usually underlines cruelty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сражение usually has undertones of excitement and agitation while битва conducts undertones of cruelness, hardness and survival.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2019-11-24T13:06:51.557" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7335" CreationDate="2019-11-27T16:02:19.007" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian number + adjective + noun combination and their cases&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EsABp.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/EsABp.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12823" LastActivityDate="2019-11-27T16:02:19.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20852" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20853" CreationDate="2019-11-27T18:51:02.180" Score="6" ViewCount="256" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a question in a test:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как корректно закончить следующие предложения?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Налей мне ... .&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(а) чаёк&#xA;(б) чайка&#xA;(в) чайку&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Отдай мне обратно ... .&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(а) чаёк&#xA;(б) чайка&#xA;(в) чайку&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am at a loss as to how to answer this and why. With Sentence 1, I see that the third variant is much more common than the first two, but this by itself doesn't necessarily mean that the first two variants are ungrammatical. With Sentence 2, I suspect that the use of the partitive case, (в), is wrong because the entire tea is implied by &lt;strong&gt;отдай мне обратно&lt;/strong&gt;. I guess the genitive case, (б), can be excluded likewise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I guess I should choose 1в and 2а as the only correct variants,  but I am unsure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which variants should I choose?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-11-28T07:56:09.283" Title="How to complete &quot;налей мне&quot; and &quot;отдай мне обратно&quot;: &quot;чаёк,&quot; &quot;чайка,&quot; or &quot;чайку&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;&lt;genitive-partitive&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20852" CreationDate="2019-11-27T20:45:46.933" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;With &quot;Налей мне...&quot;  any of the three options can be used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;...  чаек. Pour me THE tea.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;... чайку. Pour me SOME tea.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;... чайка. Same as чайку, more preferred if you  are younger.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Partitive (чайку) and Genitive (чайка) have almost completely merged in modern Russian with the genitive taking over: in Купи сахару/сахара, меду/меда, порошку/порошка the ending -у sounds outdated (mid 20th century or earlier). The last words to retain the partitive ending -у are those ending in -к: чаек, коньяк, лучок, etc. Those can take either ending 50/50.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are competely right: after &quot;Отдай мне ...&quot; only чаек is possible. Unless we are talking about seagulls :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Thanks @Alexander!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-11-27T20:45:46.933" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20852" CreationDate="2019-11-28T07:56:09.283" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would add my two cents to Sergey Slepov's good answer saying that although all three are &lt;em&gt;possible&lt;/em&gt; I would personally use only the partitive case here. It sounds much more correct and it's not about age, it's about a good correct russian. I think it suits everyone no matter what age they are. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9116" LastActivityDate="2019-11-28T07:56:09.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20857" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20860" CreationDate="2019-11-29T14:43:39.303" Score="3" ViewCount="597" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the semantic difference between быть and бывать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10228" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-11-29T16:37:28.493" LastActivityDate="2019-12-03T12:10:58.117" Title="Difference between быть and бывать" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;семантика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20857" CreationDate="2019-11-29T15:54:37.657" Score="4" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;быть&lt;/code&gt; is pretty much &lt;code&gt;to be&lt;/code&gt; in all senses.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;бывать&lt;/code&gt; has several meanings:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) &lt;code&gt;to be present, not to be absent, to exist somewhere&lt;/code&gt; examples: &lt;code&gt;У каждого бывают неудачные дни&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Такого просто-напросто не бывает в жизни&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;Бывали люди и подобрее тебя&lt;/code&gt;&#xA;I think it's the most often usage of the verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) &lt;code&gt;to be for a short period of time&lt;/code&gt; examples: &lt;code&gt;Он бывает весел, бывает и сердит&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3) &lt;code&gt;to usually be/go to some place&lt;/code&gt; example: &lt;code&gt;Я бываю в театре по средам.&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;4) always imperative &lt;code&gt;бывай&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;бывайте&lt;/code&gt; is used as a &lt;code&gt;goodbye&lt;/code&gt; with no special meaning&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9116" LastActivityDate="2019-11-29T15:54:37.657" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20857" CreationDate="2019-11-30T18:21:25.770" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is what I was taught regarding the matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some centuries ago &lt;strong&gt;бывал&lt;/strong&gt; was considered a special past tense of &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt;. I quote from &lt;em&gt;Российская Грамматика&lt;/em&gt; written by М. Lomonosov in 1755:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§ 268&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Времен имеют российские глаголы десять: осмь от простых да два от сложенных; от простых: 1) настоящее — трясу, глотаю, бросаю, плещу; 2) прошедшее неопределенное — трясъ, глоталъ, бросалъ, плескалъ; 3) прошедшее однократное — тряхнулъ, глотнулъ, бросилъ, плеснулъ; 4) давнопрошедшее первое — тряхивалъ, глатывалъ, брасывалъ, плескивалъ; 5) давнопрошедшее второе — бывало трясъ, бывало глоталъ, бросалъ, плескалъ; 6) давнопрошедшее третие — бывало трясывалъ, глатывалъ, брасывалъ, плескивалъ; 7) будущее неопределенное — буду трясти; стану глотать, бросать, плескать; 8) будущее однократное — тряхну, глотну, брошу, плесну. От сложенных: 9) прошедшее совершенное, напр.: написалъ от пишу; 10) будущее совершенное — напишу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Бывал&lt;/strong&gt; corresponds to the fourth tense on the above list. This tense was called давнопрошедшее первое (Distant Past I). Hence the then-current meaning of &lt;strong&gt;бывал&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;(repeatedly) was long ago&lt;/em&gt;. Furthermore, as you see in the excerpt above, &lt;strong&gt;бывало&lt;/strong&gt; was used as a modal verb to form Distant Past II (&lt;strong&gt;бывало тряс&lt;/strong&gt;) and Distant Past III (&lt;strong&gt;бывало трясывал&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian has evolved since then, and nowadays the Russians have a simplified conception about tenses. According to that conception, there are only three tenses: Past, Present, and Future. This simplified conception is what the Russians are taught at their schools and base their speech on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;strong&gt;бывал&lt;/strong&gt; is nowadays considered the past tense of a separate verb, &lt;strong&gt;бывать&lt;/strong&gt;, rather than a special past tense of &lt;strong&gt;быть&lt;/strong&gt;. The same happened with &lt;strong&gt;махивал&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;лавливал&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;жаривал&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;глатывал&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;плёскивал&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;тряхивал&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;валивал&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;двигивал&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;игрывал&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.  Originally a special past tense of common verbs &lt;strong&gt;махать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ловить&lt;/strong&gt;, etc., those words are now considered the past tense of &lt;strong&gt;махивать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;лавливать&lt;/strong&gt;, etc., which theoretically can now be also used as infinitive and in the present and future tenses. In practice, such verbs are practically never used as infinitive and in the present and future tenses, but &lt;strong&gt;бывать&lt;/strong&gt; is an exception in this regard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian, the main meaning of &lt;strong&gt;бывать&lt;/strong&gt; as infinitive is: &lt;em&gt;to repeatedly be, to be sometimes, to be from time to time&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us consider an example given by the author of the other answer: &amp;quot;Он бывает весел, бывает и сердит.&amp;quot; The meaning is: &lt;em&gt;Sometimes he is jolly, and sometimes he is angry&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you say the same sentence in the past tense, &amp;quot;Он бывал весел, бывал и сердит,&amp;quot; your sentence will have a connotation of distant past and repeated character. The meaning will be: &lt;em&gt;There were periods in which he was jolly, and there were periods in which he was angry&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you now say the same sentence in the future tense, &amp;quot;Он будет бывать весел, будет бывать и сердит,&amp;quot; it will still be formally okay from the standpoint of the modern Russian grammar, but will sound weird and will be different from how Russians commonly express the idea. They will rather say something like, &amp;quot;Он иногда будет весел, а иногда - сердит.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example: if you say &lt;strong&gt;я бывала в Америке&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;я была в Америке&lt;/strong&gt;, you load your sentence with connotations suggesting that your visits to the USA were repeated and/or in the distant past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you see, knowledge of the history of Russian helps deeply understand the meaning and usage of words and expressions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-12-03T12:10:58.117" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20862" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20864" CreationDate="2019-11-30T21:52:06.977" Score="4" ViewCount="272" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему в предложении 'я хочу серьезных отношений' объект находится в родительном падеже?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user8302" LastActivityDate="2019-12-07T04:55:50.597" Title="Почему 'я хочу серьезных отношений'?" Tags="&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20863" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-11-30T22:19:33.267" Score="3" ViewCount="268" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I want to translate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Today is raining&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I learned that I can say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;сегодня идёт дождь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But let's say I want to translate&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Yesterday it was not raining.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) вчера не шёл дождь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But on different sources I have seen&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) вчера не было дождя&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference between these two constructions or are they equivalent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12834" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-11-30T22:28:08.587" LastActivityDate="2019-12-04T12:55:44.350" Title="It was raining: было vs шёл" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20862" CreationDate="2019-11-30T22:22:26.307" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal et al., &amp;quot;Пунктуация и управление в русском языке&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;хотеть&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;чего&lt;/em&gt; и (при конкретизации объекта) &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;— Хочешь золота али жемчугу? (Лермонтов).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;— Хочу только свою книгу.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that verbs like &lt;em&gt;хотеть&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;требовать&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ждать&lt;/em&gt; etc. require genitive when the object is indefinite and accusative when the object is definite (already mentioned in context).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is probably the closest thing Russian has to definite / indefinite distinction most other Indo-European languages mandatorily express with articles and postfixes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Хочу чаю&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;I want some tea&amp;quot; and &lt;em&gt;хочу чай&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;I want the tea&amp;quot; (some specific cup of tea which has been mentioned earlier).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, this would mean &amp;quot;I want &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; serious relationship&amp;quot;, meaning &amp;quot;one of those serious relationships people keep talking about&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not some particular relationship, this is just a concept being introduced into the context, hence the &amp;quot;a&amp;quot; in the English phrase and the genitive in the Russian one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-12-02T09:19:13.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20865" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20806" CreationDate="2019-12-01T12:28:21.327" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The phrase reads &quot;The one who dinners the girl is the one who dances her&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obviously it is intended as euphemism, where words &quot;eats&quot; and &quot;fucks&quot; were replaced with more benign &quot;dinners&quot; and &quot;dances&quot;. And of course, you can fuck a girl but &quot;dance a girl&quot; looks funny.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2019-12-01T12:28:21.327" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20863" CreationDate="2019-12-01T17:19:35.060" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;both phrases mean the same. &lt;code&gt;вчера не было дождя&lt;/code&gt; sounds more natural if you want to express the absence of rain. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9116" LastActivityDate="2019-12-01T17:19:35.060" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20863" CreationDate="2019-12-02T08:55:54.310" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;A very interesting observation. Indeed, people tend to say &lt;strong&gt;дождя нет&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;дождь не идёт&lt;/strong&gt;, in the present tense as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason is tricky. &quot;Properly&quot;, you'd have to use the negative genitive here: &lt;em&gt;дождя не идёт / дождя не шло.&lt;/em&gt; But people intuitively shy away from impersonalising a verb like &lt;strong&gt;идти&lt;/strong&gt; which is almost always used personally (i.e. with a subject). So these two conflicting demands — &quot;you need a negative genitive&quot; and &quot;an impersonal &lt;strong&gt;не шло&lt;/strong&gt; sounds rather odd&quot; — find a fairly standard compromise in falling back on a form of &lt;strong&gt;не быть&lt;/strong&gt; instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more recent development of the negative genitive is that its absence (i.e. using the nominative or accusative instead) conveys a sort of definitiveness, much like an article. Thus &lt;strong&gt;Вы не видели велосипеда?&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;Have you [by any chance] seen a bicycle?&quot;, whereas &lt;strong&gt;Вы не видели велосипед?&lt;/strong&gt; is &quot;Have you seen &lt;em&gt;the&lt;/em&gt; bicycle?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In much the same way, modern Russian parses &lt;strong&gt;вчера не шёл дождь&lt;/strong&gt; as talking about &quot;the&quot; rain, in whatever context that might be. (And further context would be required to justify the word order, as opposed to the more natural &lt;strong&gt;вчера дождь не шёл&lt;/strong&gt;, putting the new information last.) &quot;The rain&quot; is clearly a regular occurrence here whose absence yesterday was unusual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And these grammatical indications are intuitively clear, giving speakers another reason to prefer a simple &lt;strong&gt;вчера дождя не было&lt;/strong&gt; if all they want to say is that it didn't rain yesterday.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2019-12-02T08:55:54.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20863" CreationDate="2019-12-02T21:22:24.847" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my understanding &lt;code&gt;дождь не идёт&lt;/code&gt; is a generalized phrase, while &lt;code&gt;дождя нет&lt;/code&gt; is a little more specific: it is not raining right now, although we are well aware of the bad weather and wouldn't be surprised if it rained any moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess it may be approximated with English progressive tense:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;дождь не идёт&lt;/code&gt; → it doesn't rain&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;дождя нет&lt;/code&gt; → it is not raining&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6163" LastActivityDate="2019-12-02T21:22:24.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20871" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20872" CreationDate="2019-12-03T12:55:31.233" Score="1" ViewCount="104" Body="&lt;p&gt;Trying to translate the expression &lt;em&gt;«Искусство быть живым»&lt;/em&gt; into English, and can't figure out which translation is correct and why? I stick to the option: &lt;em&gt;Art to be live&lt;/em&gt;.But, translators issue: &lt;em&gt;The art of being alive&lt;/em&gt;. Tell me, please.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12831" LastEditorUserId="12831" LastEditDate="2019-12-03T13:03:46.197" LastActivityDate="2019-12-03T13:17:50.070" Title="Which translation will be more correct?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ClosedDate="2019-12-03T15:48:48.550" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20871" CreationDate="2019-12-03T13:17:50.070" Score="5" Body="&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;Although I am not a native English speaker, “&lt;i&gt;The Art Of Being&#xA;Alive&lt;/i&gt;” sounds much better and more natural to me.  Besides, it fits&#xA;the existing pattern set by e.g. “&lt;i&gt;The Art Of Computer&#xA;Programming&lt;/i&gt;” by D.  Knuth.&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2019-12-03T13:17:50.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20863" CreationDate="2019-12-04T12:55:44.350" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;вчера не было дождя&lt;/code&gt; - sounds the most natural&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;вчера дождь не шёл&lt;/code&gt; - sounds legitimate but does not roll from the tongue&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;вчера снег не шёл&lt;/code&gt; - sounds the most natural&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;вчера не было снега&lt;/code&gt; - totally confusing without context, is it about snow on the ground or in the air?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2019-12-04T12:55:44.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20874" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20875" CreationDate="2019-12-06T17:22:24.113" Score="6" ViewCount="978" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read quite a few Russian materials about WWII and noticed that Russians commonly refer to German soldiers of WWII as &lt;strong&gt;фашисты&lt;/strong&gt; (fascists). Here are some typical examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) &lt;strong&gt;Фашисты&lt;/strong&gt; заняли правобережье Наро-Фоминска и форсировали реку Нара. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Он завещал: «Сынок, я бил &lt;strong&gt;фашистов&lt;/strong&gt; под Сталинградом, а ты добей гада в его берлоге!». ... С 14 лет воевал в партизанском отряде, когда &lt;strong&gt;фашисты&lt;/strong&gt; заняли Украину. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://gazetauzao.ru/veteran-iz-yuzao-raspishetsya-na-stene-reykhstaga-v-muzee-pobedy/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) В Краснодаре покажут бой за освобождение города от &lt;strong&gt;фашистов&lt;/strong&gt;. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://rg.ru/2017/02/12/reg-ufo/v-krasnodare-pokazhut-boj-za-osvobozhdenie-goroda-ot-fashistov.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This seems very weird because fascists are actually what the pro-Mussolini Italians called themselves at that time, whilst the pro-Hitler Germans called themselves Nazi or national socialists, and there were significant differences between the Italian Fascism and the German Nazism. In particular, the pro-Hitler Germans were focused on purity of their race and made a genocide of European Jews, whilst the focus of Mussolini's ideology was the state rather than the nation. The word &lt;em&gt;Fascism&lt;/em&gt; originated from the Italian word &lt;em&gt;fascio&lt;/em&gt; (a bundle), which came to symbolize strength through unity, the point being that whilst each independent rod was fragile, as a bundle they were strong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the English-speaking world, &lt;em&gt;Nazi&lt;/em&gt; is a far more common term to refer to the pro-Hitler Germans of that epoch than &lt;em&gt;fascist&lt;/em&gt; is, whilst the opposite seems to be true in the Russian-speaking world. I understand that there were some similarities between the German Nazism and the Italian Fascism, but I am puzzled as to why Russians preferred and still prefer to call the pro-Hitler Germans of that time not what those Germans called themselves, but what Italians called themselves, especially given the differences between the ideologies of the German and Italian states of that time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Curious, I looked in the transcript of the famous &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92._%D0%9C._%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE_22_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8F_1941_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;speech&lt;/a&gt; of 22 June 1941, the date of the German attack on the USSR, by Molotov, the then-current foreign minister of the USSR, and found that in that speech, he had used the term &lt;em&gt;fascist&lt;/em&gt; three times, and the terms &lt;em&gt;Nazi&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;national socialists&lt;/em&gt; - exactly zero times. Based on that speech, my impression is that it was the preference of the Soviet government from the very first day of the Soviet-German war to refer to the German leadership as fascists rather than as Nazi or national-socialists, but I am puzzled as to why the Soviet government had such a preference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess that ordinary Russians of that time simply copied the terminology of their leaders and started to refer to all German invaders, including privates, as fascists, and this tradition seems to have been retained in the Russian language. My impression is that the first associations that come to mind of almost every modern Russian in response to the word &lt;strong&gt;фашисты&lt;/strong&gt; are men equipped with Schmeisser submachine guns and helmets with a &amp;quot;coal scuttle&amp;quot; shape and wearing swastikas on their greenish grey uniforms as well as riding BMW motobikes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;My question: What was the very root cause of preferring the term фашисты (fascists) over нацисты (Nazi) in referring to the German aggressors of WWII in the Russian language? In particular, why did the Soviet leadership have that preference?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2021-04-03T14:18:31.507" Title="Why are German soldiers of WWII commonly referred to in the Russian language as fascists (фашисты)?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20874" CreationDate="2019-12-06T22:24:10.083" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, people call those they don't like &quot;bastard&quot; and &quot;son of a bitch&quot;, even if they were not actually born out of wedlock and their mother was a woman rather than a female dog.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Fascist&quot; is as good a label as any.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If someone calls another person a bastard, the other people could agree or disagree with them, but this would be either &quot;yes he's a bastard all right&quot; or &quot;no, he's a decent man&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It would hardly be &quot;he's a bad person but his mother was married to his father, so you're wrong&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not in any way unique to Russian language. You can hear people these days call &quot;fascists&quot; pretty much anyone they don't like in any language (at least in any European language).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, there is no universally accepted definition of fascism and many scholars share the view that German Nazi ideology was indeed a variation of fascism (whatever the latter would mean).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I emphatically don't want to discuss whether or not it is true, but this point of view does exist and is (and had been) shared by many people, including those outside the Soviet leadership circles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the term &lt;em&gt;нацист&lt;/em&gt; or its equivalents: they were just not a thing in Russian language back then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The official name of the ruling party in Germany was &lt;em&gt;Национал-социалистическая немецкая рабочая партия&lt;/em&gt;. Every single word in this name was devoid of negative connotations in Russian back then so neither of them would work as a negative label.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the word &lt;em&gt;нацист&lt;/em&gt; would make it into Russian earlier it would probably have gained traction, but it didn't happen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the Soviet leadership didn't call the Nazi &lt;em&gt;нацисты&lt;/em&gt; because they didn't know this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They called them &lt;em&gt;фашисты&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;fascists&quot;) or, if they wanted to be more specific, &lt;em&gt;немецкие фашисты&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;German fascists&quot;) because they, first, believed that the state ideology in those days' Germany was a fascist one, and, second, they needed a good label.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;нацист&lt;/em&gt; didn't make it into Russian until after the WWII.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-12-06T22:24:10.083" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20862" CreationDate="2019-12-07T04:55:50.597" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Надо еще добавить, что управление с винительным падежом после глагола &lt;em&gt;хотеть&lt;/em&gt; используется довольно редко и во многих случаях звучит просторечно или по-детски. Например, как в известном фильме &quot;Мимино&quot; - &quot;Ларису Ивановну хочу!&quot; (вместо &quot;Позовите пожалуйста к телефону Л.И.&quot;). Или &quot;хочу конфету&quot; в детской речи. Взрослый обычно перефразирует эту фразу в &quot;хочу съесть конфету&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Невозможно и использовать родительный падеж в данном случае (&quot;Ларисы Ивановны хочу&quot;). Родительный падеж звучит хорошо только с неисчисляемыми (хочу воды - означает хочу некоторое количество воды) или абстрактными существительными (хочу уважения, не хочу насилия), но не с исчисляемыми (хочу книги).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2019-12-07T04:55:50.597" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20877" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20879" CreationDate="2019-12-07T06:09:45.393" Score="3" ViewCount="217" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm puzzled by the use of the preposition &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt; with the verb спросить:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я спрошу у мамы смогу ли взять машину&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this example, the preposition is used. But: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Журналист спросил президента о его планах на будущее&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this example, the preposition is not used. Is the meaning the same in these two sentences? As far as I know, in both instances the meaning is &quot;to ask someone (about) something&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10965" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2019-12-07T21:48:02.697" LastActivityDate="2019-12-07T22:21:59.920" Title="Preposition with спросить" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20877" CreationDate="2019-12-07T12:30:11.107" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;They both have the same meaning but require different cases genitive and accusative. Besides,I feel that prepositional usage sounds more colloquial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-12-07T12:30:11.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20877" CreationDate="2019-12-07T12:33:31.120" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both forms &quot;спросить у кого-то&quot; and &quot;спросить кого-то&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;are equally valid&lt;/a&gt; - the difference is very, very subtle and you can find a lot of answers in internet that are nothing but wrong. It wouldn't be oversimplification to say - those form a virtually equivalent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The only difference I'm aware of - and it's only a statistical observation, I can not provide any grammar rule or other evidence - when it comes to inanimate objects, the &quot;у&quot;-form is more likely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, there's a famous song which contains following lyrics: &quot;Я спросил у ясеня, где моя любимая&quot;. One can not say &quot;я спросил ясень&quot; but &quot;у ясеня&quot; sounds more natural. I'm leaving behind the brackets here the fact that it's strange to communicate with inanimate objects but I can imagine following phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Я спросил у тополя&quot; (and less likely &quot;я спросил тополь&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Я спросил у талисмана&quot; (but less likely &quot;талисман&quot;). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-12-07T12:33:31.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20880" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-07T15:29:17.210" Score="-1" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;В конструкции &lt;code&gt;этот день был долгим&lt;/code&gt;, прилагательное имя находится в творительном падеже, но вот здесь &lt;code&gt;это был долгий день&lt;/code&gt; - в именительном падеже.&#xA;Пожалуйста, скажите, всегда ли это правда &lt;code&gt;существительное + был + прилагательное в ТП&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;был + существительное и прилагательное в ИП&lt;/code&gt;?&#xA;В учебнике я увидел следующее предложение &lt;code&gt;Погода была хорошая, и у нас было хорошее настроение&lt;/code&gt;, почему они не написали так &lt;code&gt;Погода была хорошей, и у нас настроение было хорошим&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, yes I was searching for the most proper translation of the English one 'it was a long day' in Russian, so could you please tell me that one too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user8302" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2019-12-09T02:24:46.713" LastActivityDate="2021-04-14T05:19:13.423" Title="Этот день был долгим, но погода была хорошая!" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;творительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20881" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20877" CreationDate="2019-12-07T22:21:59.920" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the difference between &lt;em&gt;спросить меня&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;спросить у меня&lt;/em&gt; is very similar to the difference between &lt;em&gt;give me&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;give to me&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When there is a direct object, or even another indirect object between the verb &lt;em&gt;спросить&lt;/em&gt; and the addressee of the question (for example 'спросить &lt;strong&gt;разрешения&lt;/strong&gt; у меня'), then you have to use the preposition &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. But even if there is no word in between, the language allows to use the preposition &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; just by inertia. The meaning is the same, maybe just the speaker emphasizes to &lt;em&gt;whom&lt;/em&gt; the question is addressed (спросить &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; президента). So even when you do not hear well or do not listen attentively, you still will understand :-)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastActivityDate="2019-12-07T22:21:59.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20882" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-08T10:18:34.573" Score="3" ViewCount="417" Body="&lt;p&gt;My dictionary (&lt;em&gt;Большой универсальный словарь русского языка&lt;/em&gt;) indicates that дождь can be pronounced in two ways /doʂtʲ/ as it is written or /doɕ:/ as if it were written дощ.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does that hold true for oblique cases as well? In other words can дождя be pronounced /dɐ'ɕ:æ/ as if it were written дощя or perhaps with voicing /dɐ'ʑ:æ/?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12386" LastEditorUserId="7160" LastEditDate="2020-02-03T13:16:43.213" LastActivityDate="2020-02-03T13:16:43.213" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;дождь&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20883" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-08T11:39:25.420" Score="0" ViewCount="50" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to understand how to use the verb хдать in Russian. According to wiktionary it wants the genitive, so for example, to translate &quot;I am waiting for Vladimir at the restaurant&quot; I would say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я жду Владимира в ресторане&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this is also confirmed by Google Translator. But, if I want to say &quot;I am waiting for Natasha&quot;, Google Translator uses the accusative:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я жду Наташу в ресторане&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that with masculine and neutral nouns Google Translator uses the genitive, while with female nouns it uses the accusative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that for animate masculine nouns, the accusative is the same as the genitive, so Владимира can be either accusative or genitive. But if I translate &quot;I wait for the milk&quot; the translation is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я жду молока в ресторане&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where молока is definitely genitive. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is: is it correct that ждать wants the genitive with masculine and neutral nouns and the accusative with female nouns?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I also tried to look at context reverso, but it was not able to clear my confusion)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12834" LastActivityDate="2019-12-08T11:39:25.420" Title="How to translate &quot;to wait for&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2019-12-08T14:52:33.213" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20884" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-08T12:00:23.580" Score="11" ViewCount="1168" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know they both mean 'more' ? But there useage seems to differ, is there a rule of thumb? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12851" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-12-08T13:04:16.643" LastActivityDate="2019-12-08T17:59:34.267" Title="What is the difference between &quot;ещё&quot; and &quot;больше&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20885" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20884" CreationDate="2019-12-08T12:51:55.897" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ещё&quot; and &quot;больше&quot; intersect only partially and have a lot of usages that are by no means interchangeable. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D1%89%D1%91&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Ещё&quot;&lt;/a&gt; can mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;yet (like in &quot;Я ещё не решил, идти ли мне в институт&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;again (like in &quot;Поцелуй меня ещё&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;so far (like in &quot;она ещё совсем ребёнок&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;something happened quite long ago (like in &quot;замок был построен ещё в 9-м веке&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;there's still some аmount of something left (like &quot;там ещё две котлеты осталось&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an indication of reproach (&quot;а ещё и вырядилась-то как&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can not say &quot;поцелуй меня больше&quot;, &quot;она больше совсем ребёнок&quot;, &quot;я больше не решил&quot;, &quot;а больше и вырядилась-то как&quot; etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;больше&quot;&lt;/a&gt; it can mean:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;comparative degree of &quot;big&quot; (like in &quot;У него дом больше&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;comparative degree of &quot;many&quot; (like in &quot;Там больше рыбы&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;with negation like in &quot;Он больше не будет нам досаждать&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;with negative pronoun as in &quot;ты преступник и ничего больше&quot;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;predominantly (like in &quot;Я больше по пятницам выступаю&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Last four sentences can be actually translated with invocation of &quot;more&quot; in English however in Russian text &quot;больше&quot; can not be changed to &quot;ещё&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's the most frustrating part of learning any language - there's no one-to-one correspondence with lexical units in your native language. One should just memorize. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-12-08T17:59:34.267" LastActivityDate="2019-12-08T17:59:34.267" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20882" CreationDate="2019-12-08T13:22:54.050" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Shortly speaking - no, even if someone pronounces /doɕ:/ и &quot;по дождём&quot; most likely &quot;ж&quot; will be clearly articulated - there are some variations though where /d/ could be omitted or &quot;ж&quot; will be geminated and/or palatalized. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, as it was mentioned in &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/420/pronunciation-norm&quot;&gt;this post&lt;/a&gt;, the pronunciation norm in Russian is not set in stone and in some cases there can be surprising variations. If I would hear something like /dɐ'ɕ:æ/ I would most likely recognize it though might find it odd. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2019-12-08T21:12:00.773" LastActivityDate="2019-12-08T21:12:00.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20888" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-08T20:37:38.307" Score="1" ViewCount="359" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &quot;мне нельзя&quot; and &quot;я не могу&quot;? Both they means &quot;I cannot&quot;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&#xA;&quot;мне нельзя курить&quot; and &quot;я не могу курить&quot; both meaning &quot;I cannot smoke&quot;? &#xA;In some phrases I saw &quot;нельзя&quot; used like &quot;it's forbidden&quot;, but in some other phrases seems used just like &quot;cannot&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11195" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-12-08T20:57:55.457" LastActivityDate="2019-12-21T18:35:58.307" Title="What is the difference in English between “мне нельзя” and “я не могу”?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20889" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20888" CreationDate="2019-12-08T22:45:33.460" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In general: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;мне нельзя&quot; - i was forbidden to do something &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;“я не могу” -  i cannot do something&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case they are interchangeable: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is true that in some cases they are interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1 - &quot;мне нельзя курить потому что я болею&quot;,&#xA;2 - &quot;я не могу курить потому что я болею&quot; would have very similar meaning, however if I heard someone say ex. 1 without any context I would assume that he has some medical condition and he can not smoke ever, and in ex 2 I would assume that he has some cold and can't smoke right now (maybe next couple of days).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So to be more general if duration is not specified explicitly and meaning is interchangeable &quot;мне нельзя&quot; would mean long term (possibly forever) while “я не могу” would refer to some shorter period of time&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12855" LastEditorUserId="12855" LastEditDate="2019-12-09T21:52:49.287" LastActivityDate="2019-12-09T21:52:49.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20890" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20874" CreationDate="2019-12-08T23:51:01.613" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Fascism&amp;quot; is a strong label in Russian language. It is stronger than &amp;quot;Nazism&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Racism&amp;quot;. It is much stronger in Russian than in English, for example. But how come this label came into widespread use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it is mostly related to anti-communism crackdown in Italy, Spain and Germany in 1920s and 30s. While communism was viewed mostly negatively in the West, it also enjoyed a good degree of public sympathy. Communist parties proliferated in Western Europe - until fascist governments put an abrupt and often violent end on this development. Germany, in particular, which is a birthplace of communism, had virtually exterminated it by mid 1930s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Soviet Union, this anti-communism development was viewed with great concern and dismay. It should be noted that for Germany, crackdown on communism was associated with fascist aspect of Nazi ideology rather than Nazism. By mid 1930s anti-Semitic crackdown was not as strong yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, in 1930s Soviet Union fascism was already viewed as an enemy #1. For Germany's NSDAP, its Nazi stance was considered an extension of its fascist ideology rather than vice versa. Fascism had become a &amp;quot;sticky label&amp;quot;, and by 1941, when Germany had attacked USSR, Germans were commonly regarded as &amp;quot;fascists&amp;quot;. The great war had only cemented the very negative connotation of this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even today, publicly labeling someone as &amp;quot;fascist&amp;quot; has an extreme gravity to it. Most other labels can be shrugged off, but every politician or social group has to make necessary effort to clear him/her/itself of such label.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2021-04-01T03:54:46.610" LastActivityDate="2021-04-01T03:54:46.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20880" CreationDate="2019-12-09T03:35:32.350" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;It was a long day&lt;/em&gt; I would translate as &lt;em&gt;это был долгий день&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Этот день был долгим&lt;/em&gt; is also grammatically correct but it would be a translation of English &lt;em&gt;that day was long&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your hypothesis:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;существительное + был + прилагательное в ТП (_День был жарким._)&#xA;был + существительное и прилагательное в ИП (_Был жаркий день._)&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not exactly right. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first part can be used with both ТП and ИП. &lt;em&gt;День был жаркий&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;День был жарким&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second part, if it is the full sentence (&lt;em&gt;Был солнечный день.&lt;/em&gt;), requires Nominative. If you have more words before, for example, you have &lt;em&gt;Он&lt;/em&gt; in front of &lt;em&gt;был&lt;/em&gt;, then again both cases are possible: &lt;em&gt;Он был умным человеком&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Он был умный человек&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the difference between ИП and ТП after &lt;em&gt;был&lt;/em&gt;, more often we use ТП. For example, &lt;em&gt;книга была интересной&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Книга была интересная&lt;/em&gt; sounds a bit archaic to me, but is still used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why we prefer using Instrumental case? Probably because we mentally substitute &lt;em&gt;был&lt;/em&gt; to &lt;em&gt;являлся&lt;/em&gt; (let's translate it to English as '&lt;em&gt;played a role of&lt;/em&gt;' to also require an indirect object). &lt;em&gt;Являться&lt;/em&gt; (кем, чем) requires Instrumental case (I hope you will not ask why :-). So, one meaning of &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt; - is &lt;em&gt;являться&lt;/em&gt;, the second meaning is just '&lt;em&gt;to be&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;to exist&lt;/em&gt;'. Normally, Russians tend to omit '&lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt;' in this meaning, especially in present tense. &lt;em&gt;Он есть красивый&lt;/em&gt; we say as just &lt;em&gt;Он красивый&lt;/em&gt;. In the Past tense we cannot omit &lt;em&gt;был&lt;/em&gt;, otherwise there would be no indication of the Past. But we still internally resist using &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt; in its '&lt;em&gt;to exist&lt;/em&gt;' meaning (&lt;em&gt;Книга существовала интересная&lt;/em&gt;) and prefer &lt;em&gt;Книга являлась интересной.&lt;/em&gt; That's why we prefer the Instrumental case here. But this is just my hypothesis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="496" LastEditorUserId="496" LastEditDate="2019-12-09T03:46:16.393" LastActivityDate="2019-12-09T03:46:16.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20892" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20880" CreationDate="2019-12-09T08:45:27.707" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Инструменталисом в данном случае управляет указательное местоимение 'этот'. Недопусимо 'этот день был долгий', но можно и 'день был долгим' (в таком случае имеем эллипсис, местоимение только подразумевается), и 'день был долгий' (какой-то неизвестный день). Прилагательные при дне и погоде лучше ставить в одном падеже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12859" LastActivityDate="2019-12-09T08:45:27.707" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20893" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20899" CreationDate="2019-12-09T16:23:15.093" Score="4" ViewCount="413" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just sent a message to a language exchange partner and instantly received the following response:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;давай завтра, я сейчас в неадеквате&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does this expression mean? Has he tied one on?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-12-10T21:39:04.893" Title="What does &quot;я сейчас в неадеквате&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20894" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20893" CreationDate="2019-12-09T16:49:04.207" Score="9" Body="&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;It's a general indication that the person you're talking to is not in&#xA;the right condition to respond right now.  The reasons could be&#xA;numerous, including but not limited to:&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&#xA;They're very upset with something.&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&#xA;They're very mad at something.&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&#xA;They're very tired.&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&#xA;They're having a bout of other mental health issues.&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&#xA;They're drunk or under an influence.&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2019-12-09T16:49:04.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20895" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20893" CreationDate="2019-12-09T17:52:56.943" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In colloquial Russian, неадекватный has developed a second meaning, 'abnormal', mentally or  behaviourally inadequate, 'mental'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, your friend is simply saying &quot;I'm not myself at the moment.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-12-09T17:52:56.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20874" CreationDate="2019-12-09T18:10:53.607" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to add to the answers above. I understand that &quot;nazi&quot; was avoided because of the &quot;socialist&quot; connotations. Another common term in use was &quot;hitlerites,&quot; followers of Hitler, in Russian, of course. See for example Stalin's speech &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1941/11/06.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1941/11/06.htm&lt;/a&gt; in which the term appears 28 times. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10457" LastEditorUserId="10457" LastEditDate="2019-12-09T19:35:14.540" LastActivityDate="2019-12-09T19:35:14.540" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20897" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20874" CreationDate="2019-12-09T21:06:03.080" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как возник термин &quot;фашисты&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Правда&quot; от 21 июня 1941 года не называет никого ни фашистами, ни нацистами, а всегда использует нейтральные термины вроде &quot;германское командование&quot;, &quot;германское министерство иностранных дел&quot; и т. д.  (Слово &quot;немцы&quot; в &quot;Правде&quot; тоже не встречается.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В речи Молотова от 22 июня 1941 года руководство Германии названо &quot;германскими фашистскими правителями&quot;, &quot;германским фашистским правительством&quot; и &quot;кликой кровожадных фашистских правителей Германии&quot;, а страна - фашистской Германией (дважды).  Термин &quot;нацисты&quot; не употребляется ни разу. Речь Молотова была написана коллективно, в том числе принимал участие в её написании и Сталин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;После этого в печати и в публичных выступлениях использовались только слова &quot;фашисты&quot;, &quot;фашистский&quot; и никогда &quot;нацистский&quot; (кроме цитирования международных документов).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сталин в своей речи от 3 июля 20 раз использовал слова &quot;фашисты&quot;, &quot;фашистский&quot; и никогда - нацистский (ещё назвал Германию гитлеровской).  Вот почему Германию в СССР в течение всей войны и после неё называли фашистской, а не нацистской.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2019-12-09T21:06:03.080" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20888" CreationDate="2019-12-09T23:05:33.773" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a nutshell - people use &quot;мне нельзя&quot; when they want to say: &quot;I'd like to, but there would be severe repercussions&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я не могу&quot; is more generic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-12-09T23:05:33.773" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20899" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20893" CreationDate="2019-12-09T23:06:03.330" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, let me note that English &quot;inadequate&quot; and Russian &lt;em&gt;неадекватный&lt;/em&gt; (in its direct sense) have slightly different meanings. The English word means &quot;insufficient&quot;, the Russian one means &quot;inappropriate, not conforming to norms or expectations&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, &quot;adequate effort&quot; would mean that the effort was enough to achieve a goal (even if it was out of order); in Russian, &lt;em&gt;адекватные усилия&lt;/em&gt; would mean &quot;appropriate, reasonable effort&quot;, something you would expect from a person in a situation, even if it did not actually achieve the goal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;em&gt;неадекватная реакция на происходящее&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;inappropriate response to external events&quot;) is a set phrase used in medical speech, describing a symptom of various mental disorders.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase has spilled into the mainstream speech at some point (probably early 90's), and through metonymy &lt;em&gt;неадекватный человек&lt;/em&gt; started to mean &quot;a person with mental issues&quot;, which is quite close in meaning to &quot;unreasonable person&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further metonymy gave rise to the phrase &lt;em&gt;не в адеквате&lt;/em&gt; meaning &quot;having mental issues&quot; and, then, &quot;not being oneself&quot; (due to the actual mental issues, stress, sleep deprivation, intoxication etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &lt;em&gt;я сейчас не в адеквате&lt;/em&gt; (or &lt;em&gt;в неадеквате&lt;/em&gt;) means &quot;I'm not able to reason clearly at the moment&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-12-10T21:39:04.893" LastActivityDate="2019-12-10T21:39:04.893" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20900" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20936" CreationDate="2019-12-10T03:47:55.633" Score="2" ViewCount="468" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adding the prefix &lt;code&gt;при&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;вести&lt;/code&gt; (lead) and &lt;code&gt;нести&lt;/code&gt; (carry / bring) seems to make the meanings basically the same. Is there a way to describe the difference between &lt;code&gt;привести&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;принести&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В некоторых случаях пережитое опрошенными женщинами продемонстрировало&#xA;  крайности, к которым могут &lt;strong&gt;привести&lt;/strong&gt; стигматизация и дискриминация.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Проект резолюции является прекрасным примером инициатив, которые могут&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;принести&lt;/strong&gt; значительную пользу всем государствам-членам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are the words more or less interchangeable in such contexts? I struggle to discern the difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11788" LastEditorUserId="11788" LastEditDate="2019-12-10T08:38:24.943" LastActivityDate="2020-01-06T00:25:18.440" Title="Difference between &quot;принести&quot; and &quot;привести&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20900" CreationDate="2019-12-10T04:49:54.103" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is quite substantial.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вести&lt;/em&gt; means 'to lead, to make somebody follow you, to drive a vehicle':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он привёл их к деревне. — He led them to the village.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Приведи нас к нему! — Take/Lead us to him!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нести&lt;/em&gt; means 'to carry', &lt;em&gt;принести&lt;/em&gt; means 'to bring, to fetch':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Принеси мне воды! — Bring me some water!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я принес вам Слово Божие. — I've brought the Word of God to you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every dictionary explains the difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-12-10T04:49:54.103" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20902" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-11T19:03:59.273" Score="2" ViewCount="105" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нечто, принадлежащее предтече или предтечам, это &quot;нечто предтеч&quot; или &quot;нечто предтечей&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хорошо помню русский перевод игры Star Control II. В нём было &quot;предтеч&quot;, но уверенности в правильности нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12869" LastActivityDate="2019-12-11T19:47:03.023" Title="Как правильно родительном падеже: предтеч или предтечей?" Tags="&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2019-12-11T19:31:46.947" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20902" CreationDate="2019-12-11T19:47:03.023" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вы не зря сомневаетесь: слова первого склонения с основой на мягкий согласный часто колеблются в выборе окончания: свеч - свечей, доль - долей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нормативным, как правило, является только один из вариантов, поэтому ответ нужно искать в нормативных словарях. Например, в &quot;Грамматическом словаре&quot; А. А. Зализняка дается только вариант &quot;предтеч&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Викисловарь, не связанный обетом нормативности, дает оба варианта.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Замечу, что &quot;нормативный&quot; не  означает &quot;единственно возможный&quot; или даже что &quot;так бы написал классик&quot;. Или вы что-то другое имели в виду под словом &quot;правильно&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2019-12-11T19:47:03.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20905" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20906" CreationDate="2019-12-16T09:06:11.153" Score="4" ViewCount="1014" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually used to refer to a flatterer, the Russian word &lt;strong&gt;подлиза&lt;/strong&gt; literally means &lt;em&gt;a downlicker&lt;/em&gt;: the prefix &lt;strong&gt;под-&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;em&gt;down&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;below&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;beneath&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;under&lt;/em&gt;, and the root &lt;strong&gt;-лиз-&lt;/strong&gt; is common to Russian words about licking (&lt;strong&gt;лизать&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;лизун&lt;/strong&gt;, etc.), so the whole word can be literally understood as &lt;em&gt;someone who licks from below&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am curious as to exactly what process is a flattering compared to when the flatterer is referred to as &lt;strong&gt;подлиза&lt;/strong&gt;. What is the flatterer figuratively implied to lick, or what was the underlying logic when this word came to existence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to find the answer on my own and did research on the Internet, but found only explanations of the morphological composition of &lt;strong&gt;подлиза&lt;/strong&gt;, so I hope that native speakers can shed some light.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2019-12-16T09:38:54.783" Title="Why do Russians refer to flatterers as &quot;downlickers&quot; (подлизы)?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20905" CreationDate="2019-12-16T09:30:41.300" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Подлизывать&quot; initially &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.de/books?id=msgGAAAAQAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA262&amp;amp;dq=%22%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%22&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwi-oa6l6bnmAhUkTBUIHZ12AbsQ6AEIMTAB#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%22%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%22&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;meant&lt;/a&gt; &quot;лизанием подчищать что-либо&quot;. There's are some other words derived from &quot;лизать&quot; that used to be (and some still are) used as figurative terms for flattery-related concepts, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;лизоблюд&lt;/a&gt; (and &quot;лизоблюдство&quot;, also, more rare form &quot;блюдолиз&quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;жополиз&lt;/a&gt; (Радищев wrote once: &quot;Не льстец Августов и не лизорук меценатов&quot; - my guess would be that &quot;лизорук&quot; was his attempt to use less rude counterpart of &quot;жополиз&quot;, pretty much like people are using &quot;фиг&quot; to avoid usage of obscene lexicon).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The underlying logic is to compare the flatterer with, say a dog, who keeps licking someone hoping to get a food. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XfKSU.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/XfKSU.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-12-16T09:38:54.783" LastActivityDate="2019-12-16T09:38:54.783" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20907" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20908" CreationDate="2019-12-16T15:46:37.027" Score="4" ViewCount="324" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почему во фразе &quot;ботать по фене&quot; не ставится дефис, но ставится во фразе &quot;говорить по-русски&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastActivityDate="2020-01-30T16:46:28.520" Title="Почему &quot;ботать по фене&quot;, но &quot;говорить по-русски&quot;, &quot;говорить по-японски&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20908" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20907" CreationDate="2019-12-16T15:56:39.843" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Потому что &quot;по-русски&quot; - это наречие, исторически его принято писать через дефис, а в выражении &quot;ботать по фене&quot; слово &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;феня&quot;&lt;/a&gt; - это существительное, именно эта форма прижилась, вот если бы мы говорили, например, ботать по-офенски, тогда бы ставился дефис. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иными словами, дефис не ставится по той же причине, по которой мы не ставим дефис в &quot;разговаривать по правилам&quot;.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-12-16T15:56:39.843" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20882" CreationDate="2019-12-16T18:36:53.423" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two-consonant [ʐdʲ] ([ʂtʲ] unvoiced in Nominative): &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLlKnoMOBn4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Зимовье зверей - Ход дождём&lt;/a&gt; - multiple occurences in nearly all grammar cases. As the singer is from Sankt-Peterburg (then Leningrad), it could be accepted as excellent example of this norm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGJYd2FIo2k&amp;amp;t=46&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Игорь Корнелюк - Дожди&lt;/a&gt; - rhymed &quot;подожди&quot; and &quot;дожди&quot;; may be also treated as SPb variant. (But it could have also rhymed with [ʑː] in both, with the same success.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A likely Moscow variant with [ʑː] is noted in comments to the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Recorded dialects include variants as [ʐdʲʑ], [ʑdʲʑ], [ʑː], [ʐː] as well (with respective devoicing).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, the main thing here is that this consonant sequence is normally voiced (and can be voiceless only at word end position).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fully voiceless implementation is, to compare with, in Ukrainian (and respectively spelled: дощ - доща - дощу - ...); common norm requires [ʂtʂ] here ([ɕtʲɕ] in дощі).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="827" LastActivityDate="2019-12-16T18:36:53.423" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20910" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20914" CreationDate="2019-12-17T05:18:29.573" Score="0" ViewCount="229" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt; безысходности остался тут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;от&lt;/strong&gt; безысходности остался тут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какой вариант предпочтительней? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12888" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-12-17T12:26:25.813" LastActivityDate="2019-12-17T12:26:25.813" Title="&quot;От безысходности&quot; или &quot;из безысходности&quot;" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20910" CreationDate="2019-12-17T06:50:31.487" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я ОТ безысходности остался тут&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12889" LastActivityDate="2019-12-17T06:50:31.487" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20912" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20913" CreationDate="2019-12-17T07:06:28.027" Score="2" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian differentiates between animate and inanimate nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я вижу кот&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я вижу дом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In principle all animate nouns are either masculine or feminine but cannot be neuter. So why &amp;quot;животн&lt;strong&gt;ое&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and not &amp;quot;животн&lt;strong&gt;ая&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;животн&lt;strong&gt;ый&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6676" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-12-18T19:14:33.783" Title="Why is &quot;животное&quot; neuter even though it's animate?" Tags="&lt;род&gt;&lt;animateness&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20912" CreationDate="2019-12-17T10:09:02.600" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The real answer is &lt;strong&gt;the claim&lt;/strong&gt; that &quot;in principle all animate nouns are either masculine or feminine but cannot be neutral&quot; &lt;strong&gt;is false&lt;/strong&gt;. For instance, we consider obsolete yet existent word &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%91&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;дитё&quot;&lt;/a&gt; (or &quot;дитя&quot;) which is animate and neuter. Or &quot;чадо&quot;, or &quot;существо&quot;, or &quot;чудовище&quot; etc.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The situation is not unique to Russian, there's a famous example from German, a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/M%C3%A4dchen&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mädchen&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Kind&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kind&lt;/a&gt;, which are also neuter. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Animacy and gender are different grammar features and while relationships between &#xA;them are complicated. That complicated that some researchers even go that far that they conclude that there's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_gender#Slavic_languages&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;more than 3 genders&lt;/a&gt; in Russian and some other Slavic languages. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's quite safe, however. to assume that animacy/inanimacy doesn't necessarily implies specific gender. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animacy#Animacy_as_a_%22subgender%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a quote&lt;/a&gt; from wikipedia: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;While animacy is viewed as primarily semantic when approached&#xA;  diachronically, a synchronic view suggests animacy as a sublevel of&#xA;  gender. Syntactic gender is defined through patterns in agreement, not&#xA;  necessarily semantic value. For example, Russian has &quot;common gender&quot;&#xA;  nouns that refer to traditionally masculine roles but act as&#xA;  syntactically feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-12-18T19:14:33.783" LastActivityDate="2019-12-18T19:14:33.783" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20914" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20910" CreationDate="2019-12-17T12:08:56.763" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правилен вариант &quot;&lt;strong&gt;(остался) &lt;em&gt;от&lt;/em&gt; безысходности&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. В &lt;em&gt;данном контексте&lt;/em&gt; предлог указывает на &lt;em&gt;внешнюю причину&lt;/em&gt; (отчего, почему - &lt;strong&gt;оттого&lt;/strong&gt;, что не было выхода, что &lt;em&gt;ситуация&lt;/em&gt; была безысходной). Предлог &quot;&lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; указывает на &lt;em&gt;внутренний мотив&lt;/em&gt; (остался &lt;strong&gt;из ревности&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;из сочувствия&lt;/strong&gt; к кому-то, &lt;strong&gt;из&lt;/strong&gt; каких-то &lt;strong&gt;соображений&lt;/strong&gt;). Если изменить предлог на &quot;&lt;em&gt;из&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, то аргументация в данном предложении с объективной ситуации переключается на &lt;em&gt;мотив&lt;/em&gt; и выходит парадокс: оставаясь там, человек &quot;&lt;strong&gt;исходил из безысходности&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. &lt;br&gt;Но дело не в абсолютной несочетаемости предлога и слова: в другом контексте (&lt;em&gt;откуда куда&lt;/em&gt;) сочетание &quot;из безысходности&quot; возможно (в этом примере даже нельзя изменить предлог на &quot;от&quot;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Из&lt;/strong&gt; безысходности наркотических сновидений он вернулся &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; здоровую&#xA;  жизнь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-12-17T12:08:56.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20915" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20917" CreationDate="2019-12-17T21:11:57.987" Score="5" ViewCount="241" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm fairly new at studying russian but I came across this example in my workbook:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Как зовут сына Илоны?' and right next to it 'Как зовут дочь Илоны?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that 'Илоны' is genitive and the word its referring to should be in nominative, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For being plural, there should be a number in front of it like 'два'.&#xA;So what am I missing here? Why is 'сына' in genetive but not 'дочь'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12891" LastActivityDate="2019-12-18T19:53:47.923" Title="Why is it 'Как зовут сына Илоны?' and not 'Как зовут сын Илоны?'?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20916" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20915" CreationDate="2019-12-17T21:44:39.967" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is accusative, just like in most of the Slavic languages and it is gender-sensitive and there is no reflexive pronoun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12892" LastActivityDate="2019-12-17T21:44:39.967" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20915" CreationDate="2019-12-17T21:59:10.810" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is best to analyse sentences beginning with the verb.&lt;br/&gt; In &lt;em&gt;Как зовут сына Илоны?&lt;/em&gt; the verb is &lt;em&gt;зовут&lt;/em&gt; and it is in the &lt;strong&gt;3rd person plural&lt;/strong&gt; which means its subject should also be plural. But there are no plural nouns in this sentence which means the subject is &lt;em&gt;they&lt;/em&gt; and it is omitted, &lt;em&gt;зовут&lt;/em&gt; means '[they] call', this sentence is &lt;strong&gt;impersonal&lt;/strong&gt;, that is, without an explicit subject. That is how Russian works when it comes to asking someone's name, &lt;em&gt;Как тебя/Вас зовут?&lt;/em&gt; is actually 'How do they call you?' where &lt;em&gt;тебя/Вас&lt;/em&gt; is the &lt;strong&gt;direct object&lt;/strong&gt; and it is, naturally, in the &lt;strong&gt;accusative case&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your sentence works just the same way.&lt;br/&gt; &lt;em&gt;Сына&lt;/em&gt; is the direct object in the accusative case. Since &lt;em&gt;cын&lt;/em&gt; is a masculine animate noun, its accusative case = genitive case. If &lt;em&gt;дочь&lt;/em&gt; is used instead, it will be in the accusative case too, but since &lt;em&gt;дочь&lt;/em&gt; belongs to the 3rd noun declension (feminine nouns ending in a consonant + ь), its accusative case = nominative case.&lt;br/&gt; &lt;em&gt;Илоны&lt;/em&gt; is in genitive since it is an attribute to &lt;em&gt;cын&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;cын Илоны&lt;/em&gt; is 'the son of Ilona.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как зовут сына Илоны?&lt;/em&gt; is 'How do.they.call the.son of.Ilona?' if translated word for word, where the subject 'they' is omitted since the verb &lt;em&gt;зовут&lt;/em&gt; is impersonal, the direct object, the animate masculine noun &lt;em&gt;сын&lt;/em&gt; 'son', is in the accusative case, and &lt;em&gt;Илоны&lt;/em&gt; is in genitive case, 'of Ilona; Ilona's.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/7537&quot;&gt;similar question&lt;/a&gt; on Russian SE.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2019-12-17T21:59:10.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20921" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20915" CreationDate="2019-12-18T17:09:27.967" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I know that 'Илоны' is genitive and the word its referring to should be in nominative, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not right. The word which is referred by a word in genitive can be in any case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ко мне подошёл сын Илоны (nominative). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Меня укусила собака сына Илоны (genitive).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я иду в гости к сыну Илоны (dative).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как зовут сына Илоны? Сына Илоны зовут Макс (accusative).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вся улица гордится сыном Илоны (instrumental). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В газете написали о сыне Илоны (prepositional).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not unusual in scientific and official speech to have many genitives one after other. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2019-12-18T19:53:47.923" LastActivityDate="2019-12-18T19:53:47.923" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20922" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20923" CreationDate="2019-12-19T06:43:09.517" Score="3" ViewCount="1372" Body="&lt;p&gt;What adjective in Russian would best describe a policeman who is deliberately twisting some facts in the protocol in order to close the case as soon as possible because he is too lazy to deal with it in a due manner?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought of &quot;корумпированный&quot; and &quot;продажный&quot;, but these two seem to imply doing something illegal for money, that is, for bribes, but in my case bribes are not involved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another one that I considered was &quot;нечистоплотный&quot;, but this one strikes me more like an adjective for a gambler involved in some game, while in my example it is not a game.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps, &quot;недобросовестный&quot; would fit the bill, but, as far as I know, this would mean that the policeman was not diligent enough, while in my case he is not only not diligent, that is, lazy, but is also willing to write lies in the report due to his laziness. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2019-12-19T11:42:42.790" Title="an adjective for a person who is so lazy that he is willing to lie" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20923" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20922" CreationDate="2019-12-19T10:45:46.670" Score="9" Body="&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;“&lt;i&gt;Недобросовестный&lt;/i&gt;” is pretty good, but if you want to underline&#xA;the fact that he is &lt;em&gt;criminally&lt;/em&gt; lazy and negligent, a better&#xA;word would be&#xA;“&lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ogegova/259834&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;халатный&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;”.&#xA;In fact, the Russian Criminal Code article about criminal negligence is&#xA;called&#xA;“&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_10699/33ed8a9caec9cd5b4c329b9a17409a19c583d4d4/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;УК РФ Ст. 293. Халатность&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;”.&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2019-12-19T10:45:46.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20924" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20922" CreationDate="2019-12-19T11:42:42.790" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do think he is inventive. or enterprising.no matter what the cause is. so I suggest хитромудрый or even(хитрожопый) in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-12-19T11:42:42.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20900" CreationDate="2019-12-19T12:17:03.610" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The point is that you do not use those verbs in their direct meaning. but in the idiom or some other. Thus привести к чему-то means &quot;to cause&quot; принести хорошие результаты,пользу means &quot;to benefit. to bring good&quot;, but even in the direct meaning of transportation they are different. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2019-12-19T12:17:03.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20927" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-19T23:12:32.310" Score="2" ViewCount="228" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слушаю Вертинского:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Увы, на жизни склоне&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Сердца всё пресыщённей,&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  И это очень жаль...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(автор стихов - В. Инбер)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне последняя строчка режет ухо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хотелось бы понять: это я ошибаюсь, или действительно фраза построена не очень удачно? Или, быть может, сто лет назад было приемлемо говорить так, а сегодня уже нет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6938" LastEditorUserId="6938" LastEditDate="2019-12-19T23:23:03.200" LastActivityDate="2019-12-20T06:18:22.453" Title="Можно ли говорить &quot;это очень жаль&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20928" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20927" CreationDate="2019-12-20T06:18:22.453" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Такое выражение встречается у многих классических литераторов (Горький, Аксаков, Гарин-Михайловский, Ключевский, Паустовский... - см. google books). Во всех случаях местоимением &quot;&lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt;&quot; ссылаются на &lt;em&gt;предшествующее&lt;/em&gt; высказывание (своё или собеседника) - как и в вашем примере. Сейчас так говорят редко, но можно рассматривать данное выражение как идиоматическое сокращение более формального &quot;мне очень жаль, что &lt;em&gt;так&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Указательное местоимение и здесь полезно, хотя оно было бы явно лишним в выражении &quot;Это очень жаль, что...&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2019-12-20T06:18:22.453" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20933" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20935" CreationDate="2019-12-20T19:08:04.833" Score="7" ViewCount="189" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Таяніе снѣга въ сѣверной части Ладожск&lt;strong&gt;аго&lt;/strong&gt; бассейна...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sentence is taken from a book published in 1908.  I understand that the spelling reform of 1917 simplified things by reducing the number of letters and signs used to write the language, but what's the idea behind replacing &lt;em&gt;аго&lt;/em&gt; by &lt;em&gt;oго&lt;/em&gt; to mark the ending for the genitive singular in masculine and neutral adjectives?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After all the vowel is reduced to /ə/ in spoken Russian irrespective of its being spelt &lt;em&gt;а&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;o&lt;/em&gt; and the sequence of sounds gives /əvə/ whether you write &lt;em&gt;аго&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;oго&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12386" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-12-20T22:58:18.113" LastActivityDate="2019-12-21T18:06:58.807" Title="What's the reason for the change from &quot;-аго&quot; to &quot;-oго&quot;?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;дореформенная-орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20933" CreationDate="2019-12-20T22:50:19.687" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The 1918 orthography reform was not something that came into existence out of a sudden after bolsheviks came to power. In fact, this question was a quite hot topic from the beginning of 20th century, Russian academics had quite heated discussions on what has to be changed in Russian spelling. The 1918 year reform was based exactly on the results of such disputes. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In particular, in 1912 Russian linguists had a meeting where they, among other things, recommended this exactly change. The decisions made on that meeting were published in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.prlib.ru/item/359219&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a brochure&lt;/a&gt; &quot;Постановления Орфографической подкомиссии&quot;. Luckily, they also cared to elaborate why those decisions were made.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the part (transliterated to modern orthography by me) that explains clearly their motives:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В склонении имён прилагательных, местоимений прилагательных и&#xA;  причастий мужского и среднего рода родительный падеж единственного&#xA;  числа в современном правописании имеет два окончания -ого и -аго&#xA;  (-яго). Причём первое окончание употребляется при ударении на первом о&#xA;  (сильного, второго, какого), второе при отсутствии ударения на&#xA;  предпоследней гласной (добраго, перваго, котораго, синяго, волчьяго),&#xA;  хотя ещё не так давно в прилагательных именах писали -аго также и при&#xA;  ударении на звуке о в предпоследнем слоге (слепаго). Написания -аго,&#xA;  -яго появились у нас под влиянием церковно-славянской письменности. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Имея ввиду: 1) показания современных окающих говоров, сохраняющих -о,&#xA;  а не -а, например в &quot;доброго&quot;, &quot;первого&quot;, и 2) то обстоятельство, что&#xA;  различение в письме ударной и неударяемой гласной в родительном падеже&#xA;  не находят соответствия в написании других падежей тех же слов&#xA;  (&quot;слепому&quot; и &quot;доброму&quot;, &quot;о слепом&quot; и &quot;о добром&quot;) - подкомиссия&#xA;  предложила в твёрдом склонении писать -ого,..., в мягком -его.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In short, they've decided to do it, as they explain it, because:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;actually up to that point in time the -o spelling was not non-existent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in other cases it was already written with -o, so they've decided to make the spelling consistent.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will add to this following reasons (some of which one can deduce from the same document): &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;historically Russian linguists tend to prefer etymological spelling to the phonological one in many cases - for instance, in Belarusian it's quite the opposite, that's why we have &quot;грамота&quot; in Russian and &quot;грамата&quot; in Belarusian.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;even if we consider phonetic consistency spelling like &quot;усопшаго&quot; won't make much sense. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm attaching also the scan with actual quote for ones who's interested. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DpCmR.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DpCmR.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note: One of the most active proponents of this reform, philosopher Ilyin &lt;a href=&quot;http://speakrus.ru/articles/il-pr1.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;used&lt;/a&gt; following counter-argument against the new (adopted up to that point) spelling:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы различаемъ &quot;самъ&quot; (собственнолично) и &quot;самый&quot; (точно указанный,&#xA;  тождественный). Родительный падежъ отъ &quot;самъ&quot; - &quot;самого&quot;, винительный&#xA;  падежъ -- &quot;самого&quot;. А отъ &quot;самый&quot; -- &quot;самаго&quot;. &quot;Я видѣлъ его самого,&#xA;  но показалось мнѣ, что я вижу не того же самаго&quot;... (письмо изъ&#xA;  современной Югославiи). Въ кривописанiи это драгоцѣнное различiе&#xA;  гибнетъ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this distinction was indeed lost luckily nothing dramatic happened ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2019-12-21T18:06:58.807" LastActivityDate="2019-12-21T18:06:58.807" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20936" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20900" CreationDate="2019-12-21T17:53:16.077" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you are talking about the figurative meaning in the words above, they semantically mean the same outcome, but are used differently:&#xA;There are &quot;inanimate&quot; objects such as benefit, discrimination, or trouble, and there are &quot;animate&quot; subjects like people, nations, or states.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A nation can go to prosperity, but prosperity cannot go to the nation. Hence, you can &quot;привести&quot; people to prosperity, or you can &quot;принести&quot; prosperity to people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also a slight derivative difference. The first version sounds more active: people have to move their figurative legs after all, in your example people do something that results in discrimination. The second sounds more passive: in your example states made some decision and now sit back and wait for it to give them benefits. But it is really very slight and can be omitted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You did not ask the difference between &quot;нести&quot; and &quot;принести&quot;. Or did you? I think I can answer that either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12914" LastEditorUserId="11788" LastEditDate="2020-01-06T00:25:18.440" LastActivityDate="2020-01-06T00:25:18.440" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20937" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20888" CreationDate="2019-12-21T18:35:58.307" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would say, &quot;Мне нельзя&quot; means some external restriction, most often - &quot;I was forbidden&quot;, but also may be medical condition. It's not &quot;I cannot&quot;, rather &quot;I should not&quot; or &quot;I must not&quot;.&#xA;&quot;Я не могу&quot; is more general and may also mean &quot;I'm not able for&quot;, or &quot;I cannot&quot; without specifying the reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мне нельзя курить&quot; sounds like a medical condition (I have an ulcer, I should not smoke), but may also be a restriction. &quot;Я не могу курить&quot; sounds really strange, like &quot;I am not able to&quot; (I tried, but I start caughing so badly I have to stop right away?).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would not agree with Alexander that &quot;нельзя&quot; carries that &quot;I want to&quot; connotation internally, although it may widely be used that way (you don't want to refuse blatantly, so you refer to some external cause).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12914" LastActivityDate="2019-12-21T18:35:58.307" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20744" CreationDate="2019-12-21T19:08:18.557" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;count on&quot; (rely on) goes only for &quot;рассчитывать&quot;. It also has other indirect meanings (e.g. &quot;sack/fire smb&quot;, not widely used though).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &quot;рассчитывать&quot; means more work, more sophisticated work (more &quot;calculate&quot; than count&quot;), and also planning / prediction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Researches calculated the probability of... - Учёные рассчитали вероятность...  (referring to a difficult task).&#xA;Нужно рассчитать, сколько воды нужно взять - planning, if you go for a hike.&#xA;Я всё рассчитал, мы выплатим кредит за два года - planning again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Подсчитать&quot; is more day-to-day, simple work (counting), and also refers to results or current situation.&#xA;Мы подсчитали наши расходы - the expences we already have&#xA;Мы подсчитали голоса - it's a simple count.&#xA;I cannot think of an example, where you cannot say &quot;посчитали&quot; instead of &quot;подсчитали&quot;, although, &quot;подсчёт голосов / очков&quot; (counting votes / scores) are set expressions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12914" LastActivityDate="2019-12-21T19:08:18.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20939" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20551" CreationDate="2019-12-21T19:40:40.497" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As was said before, considering singular, usually:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;words that end with consonant (including й) are masculine, the only exceptions I can think of are foreign female names (like Kate - Кейт).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;words that end with -o, -e are neutral, can be indeclinable (if adopted) or declinable.&#xA;The only exception (other than foreign proper names) I can think of is &quot;кофе&quot; (that was кофий a couple of centuries ago and perfectly matched masculine, and than changed to more-English кофе, keeping its gram.gender, and it's so against the language, that most of natives say it in neuter, and those who don't put some effort in it, and neuter finally became an academic norm).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;words that end with -у, -ю, -э are neuter and indeclinable (adopted)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;words that end with -ы, -и are either plural or adopted indeclinable neuter&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;words that end with -а, -я are feminine,&#xA;there is a group of exceptions, that end with -мя and are plural (время, знамя, пламя, вымя...)&#xA;also if the word refers to a person with a known male gender, than it definitely masculine (although it will decline just as a feminine one), usually relatives: папа, дядя, дедушка, or personal names - Илья, Никита, expecially short ones, but there are others (судья).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;words that end with -ь may be feminine or masculine and should be looked up&#xA;&quot;лань&quot; is feminine, but &quot;конь&quot; is masculite.&#xA;But if it ends with sibilant -шь, -жь or -чь, it's feminine: мышь, блажь, картечь.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12914" LastActivityDate="2019-12-21T19:40:40.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20551" CreationDate="2019-12-21T21:34:49.117" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is only one way to identify a noun gender 100% accurately: look up in your dictionary. &#xA;However, there are some more or less reliable patterns: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a noun ends with &lt;strong&gt;-a/-я&lt;/strong&gt; - this is the so called “feminine” type or &lt;strong&gt;feminine&lt;/strong&gt; declension. As you might already guess, the majority of nouns in this group are of the feminine gender. Some masculine nouns may end with -a/-я Those nouns are mostly for people, namely family members (папа, дядя), professions (судья) or proper names (Ваня, Никита). &#xA;Please note: There is a small group of neuter nouns ending with -мя: пламя, время and some more. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-a/-я - most likely feminine, unless it refers to a male person or ends with -мя (that would be neuter). &#xA;One exception: кофе (coffee) is masculine, though some dictionaries says neuter is acceptable, too. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If a noun ends with &lt;strong&gt;consonant&lt;/strong&gt; sounds or the &lt;strong&gt;soft sign&lt;/strong&gt; (-ь). This is the &lt;strong&gt;masculine&lt;/strong&gt; declension, because most of the nouns in this group are masculine: банк, танк, конь, огонь. &#xA;However, the soft sign is tricky. Quite a large group of Russian feminine nouns end with the soft sign, too, so whenever you see a soft sign, check the dictionary for gender. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consonant - masculine; soft sign - check the dictionary. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;o/ -e are the common endings of the neuter gender. Also, those weird nouns ending with -мя are neuter.  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VeCrl.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VeCrl.png&quot; alt=&quot;how to tell a gender of a noun&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4884" LastEditorUserId="4884" LastEditDate="2019-12-25T00:21:44.223" LastActivityDate="2019-12-25T00:21:44.223" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20941" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-21T22:43:49.707" Score="3" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.unicode.org/notes/tn41/tn41-1.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Unicode technical note&lt;/a&gt; explains that &quot;The modern letter я does not exist in Church Slavonic&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it therefore be appropriate to write поклонимсѧ (worship) instead of поклонимся?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I'm not going to see a &quot;thorn&quot; (þ) in modern English orthography, are ꙗ and ѧ likewise obsolete in terms of writing Church Slavonic? No current texts I can find online (e.g. the Elizabeth Bible) avoid Я.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12916" LastActivityDate="2019-12-22T15:30:26.380" Title="Modern letters in Church Slavonic" Tags="&lt;slavic&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20941" CreationDate="2019-12-21T23:01:54.190" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Appropriate&quot; is a term that is heavily context-dependent. In linguistics text thanks to existence of Unicode (and even before it) the original Church Slavonic typeset is usually used. Exactly like usually for transmitting Ancient Greek texts original letters are used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's all a matter of tradition. For instance, to my knowledge for Gothic text &quot;regular&quot; latin alphabet is used (including some additional symbols like þ), and Gothic alphabet is used only in texts that are supposed to prepare reader to be able to read original manuscripts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-12-21T23:01:54.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20943" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20941" CreationDate="2019-12-21T23:28:23.790" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Church Slavonic orthography is quite complicated: there are different letters used to distinshuish between some homonyms, several types of stresses, commonly used abbreviations and all kind of other weird stuff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я&lt;/em&gt; is a letter from so called &quot;civil script&quot;: a variation of Cyrillic alphabet used to write down Russian. It was never intended to be used for Church Slavonic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я&lt;/em&gt; has replaced two different Church Slavonic letters: &lt;em&gt;ꙗ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ѧ&lt;/em&gt;, both of which had their own place in the Church Slavonic orthography and you could not mix them freely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if you're asking:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If I replace &lt;em&gt;ꙗ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ѧ&lt;/em&gt; with &lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt;, will my writing still conform to the Church Slavonic orthography rules?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the answer is no, you can't do that. You have to write &lt;em&gt;ѧ҆зы́къ&lt;/em&gt; when you mean &quot;tongue&quot; or &#xA;&quot;language&quot; and &lt;em&gt;ꙗ҆зы́къ&lt;/em&gt; when you mean &quot;nation&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you're asking&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;If I replace &lt;em&gt;ꙗ&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ѧ&lt;/em&gt; with &lt;em&gt;я&lt;/em&gt;, will I still be understood?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;then yes, in most cases you probably would, same as if you had written &quot;flour&quot; instead of &quot;flower&quot; in English or vice versa.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However that would be not be standard orthography and some edge cases it could lead to confusion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2019-12-21T23:28:23.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20945" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20962" CreationDate="2019-12-22T09:50:48.913" Score="1" ViewCount="523" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently read an &lt;a href=&quot;https://sovrhistory.ru/events/special/57c411ee82d5ea7002479110&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; in Russian written by a doctor of art science for the journal &lt;em&gt;Живая история&lt;/em&gt;, and that article is about the Soviet-German war and starts with the following two sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Войну ждали. Но она пришла неожиданно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The literal meaning seems to be as absurd as, &quot;The war was expected, but came unexpectedly.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe that a doctor of art science could not mean to say such an absurdity, especially in a journal article, so it must be some tricky idiom, wordplay, slang, homonym, or subtlety that I fail to recognize.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What do those two sentences mean together? I humbly hope that native Russian speakers can kindly explain a confused Orient student how such apparently mutually exclusive statements make sense together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: I just found the same expression in another &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bragazeta.ru/news/2016/02/16/korneev-3/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1941 год. Война. &lt;strong&gt;Все её ждали, но она пришла неожиданно.&lt;/strong&gt; Сотни тысяч добровольцев пошли сражаться с врагом. Огромные очереди стояли в военкоматы. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And a similar expression:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Войну ждали, но она началась внезапно. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://gubernia74.ru/articles/culture/24153/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it appears to be a kind of common expression in the Russian language, and I am so much confused about this.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="3819" LastEditDate="2019-12-26T19:46:09.150" LastActivityDate="2020-09-19T17:45:39.873" Title="What is the meaning of: &quot;Войну ждали. Но она пришла неожиданно.&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20946" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20948" CreationDate="2019-12-22T10:46:44.947" Score="6" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today, Duolingo taught me that it's &lt;em&gt;Какая глубина этого озера?&lt;/em&gt;, but &lt;em&gt;Какая ширина у этой улицы?&lt;/em&gt;. My questions are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is that a case of binary grammaticality? I. e., would &lt;em&gt;Какая глубина у этого озера?&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;Какая ширина этой улицы?&lt;/em&gt; be ungrammatical or unusual?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If yes, is either of these cases an exception? That is, do/don't you usually use &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt; with physical quantities? If no, is there a rule or can you give me a table relating common quantities to their use of &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What about more &quot;technical&quot; quantities, such as density, potential, or flux?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10892" LastActivityDate="2019-12-23T12:46:33.460" Title="Use of preposition у in questions about the magnitude of a quantity" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20945" CreationDate="2019-12-22T12:12:07.637" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a paradox rather than absurdity. Such things happen. You might eagerly be expecting a phone call, and still be shocked when the phone rings suddenly. Or even more paradoxically, you might know a deadline precisely, but still be surprised when it happens. (How? Already?!) A proverbial occurrence with student exams :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your specific case, everyone knew that the war would come. It was in the air. Much of Eurpope was at war already. The previous decade was spent in frantic war preparations. But still, not &lt;em&gt;such&lt;/em&gt; war. Not today. Not like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2019-12-22T12:12:07.637" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20946" CreationDate="2019-12-22T13:11:14.457" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No, either way is correct (in either case), and I even struggle to say which one is more common.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I'd say that usually we &lt;em&gt;don't&lt;/em&gt; use &lt;em&gt;y&lt;/em&gt; with physical quantities (or qualities); plain Genitive is the 'default' way applicable to everything. &lt;em&gt;Площадь кухни, плотность свинца, возраст дочери, напряжение обмотки, цвет стены.&lt;/em&gt; So the basic rule is simple: if in doubt, don't use &lt;em&gt;y&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As above, generally without &lt;em&gt;y&lt;/em&gt;. Having the preposition makes the phrase slightly less formal (or so it feels to me), and technical/formal writing avoids it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2019-12-22T13:11:14.457" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20949" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20941" CreationDate="2019-12-22T15:30:26.380" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;are ꙗ and ѧ likewise obsolete in terms of writing Church Slavonic? No current texts I can find online (e.g. the Elizabeth Bible) avoid Я.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You've probably found some sort of transcript into the modern orthography. In fact, it should look like this (Genesis 1:2):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Землѧ́  же бѣ̀  невиди́ма и҆ неустро́ена, и҆  тма̀ верху̀ бе́здны, и҆ дх҃ъ бж҃їй ноша́шесѧ верху̀ воды̀.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Would it therefore be appropriate to write поклонимсѧ (worship) instead of поклонимся?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, because at the end (and in the middle) of a word the letter &quot;Little Yus&quot; (\u+0467) must be used. But note that an accent is mandatory, so it is &lt;em&gt;Поклони́мсѧ&lt;/em&gt; (we'll worship).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The modern letter я does not exist in Church Slavonic&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Originally &lt;em&gt;Я&lt;/em&gt; was an alternate lettering for the &quot;Yus&quot; known from &lt;em&gt;handwritings&lt;/em&gt;. But in 1708 it was standartized for use in the Civil script (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Reforms of Russian orthography&lt;/a&gt;) under the name of &quot;Letter Ya&quot;. Thus &lt;em&gt;Я&lt;/em&gt; is not (and never was) &lt;em&gt;printed&lt;/em&gt; in Church Slavonic books.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2019-12-22T15:30:26.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20946" CreationDate="2019-12-22T18:45:15.800" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Yes, in combination with the question word &lt;strong&gt;какой(-ая)&lt;/strong&gt; in your examples, &lt;em&gt;omitting&lt;/em&gt; the preposition &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; sounds a bit unusual if not awkward.  Probably, it's because the question is about &lt;em&gt;assigning&lt;/em&gt; a value to an object (like, &lt;em&gt;what&lt;/em&gt; depth/width &lt;em&gt;value&lt;/em&gt; it &lt;em&gt;has&lt;/em&gt;). You don't need a preposition with another question word, &lt;strong&gt;каков(а)&lt;/strong&gt;, since the question would focus on the &lt;em&gt;value&lt;/em&gt; only (&lt;em&gt;how much&lt;/em&gt; its width value is):&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Какова&lt;/strong&gt; ширина этой улицы? &lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Какова&lt;/strong&gt; глубина этого озера?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A possible context with the question word &lt;strong&gt;какая&lt;/strong&gt; but without need for &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; (as above, &lt;em&gt;value&lt;/em&gt; is in focus):&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Какая&lt;/strong&gt; глубина этого озера сделала бы его судоходным?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;Какая&lt;/strong&gt; ширина этой улицы могла бы исключить пробки?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In formal cases (scientific or engineering writings) preposition &lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;em&gt;avoided&lt;/em&gt; (except when it means &lt;em&gt;near&lt;/em&gt;), so the question word is selected so that it provides focusing on &lt;em&gt;value&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Какова&lt;/strong&gt; скорость света в полипропилене?&lt;br&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Какая&lt;/strong&gt; температура плавления&#xA;  этого сплава обеспечит заданные характеристики объекта?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2019-12-23T12:46:33.460" LastActivityDate="2019-12-23T12:46:33.460" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20952" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-23T17:01:08.170" Score="3" ViewCount="189" Body="&lt;p&gt;Допустимо ли в художественной прозе применять дефис там, где автор хочет акцентировать внимание читателя на растянутом персонажем произношении слов, например: &quot;на-а-много&quot; для длинной &quot;а&quot;? Может быть, достаточно поставить дефис, как в &quot;на-много&quot;? Или же такой прием недопустим?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12919" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2019-12-23T17:43:39.197" LastActivityDate="2019-12-29T11:35:42.090" Title="Как правильно намеренно удлинить гласную в беллетристике?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20953" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20952" CreationDate="2019-12-23T17:11:21.557" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Недопустим&quot; слишком суровое слово, просто русскоязычный человек скорее всего воспримет дефис не как попытку удлинить гласную а, скорее, как попытку подтолкнуть к чтению по слогам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В принципе, в традиции русского правописания дефис ставится в словах типа &quot;не-а&quot;, &quot;у-ху&quot; (звукоподражание сове) чтобы &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;обозначить гортанную смычку&lt;/a&gt;. Также традиционно дефис используется для передачи сбитой речи (например, заикающегося). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Долготу же я бы просто рекомендовал обозначить через повторение гласной - единственно что конкретно в вашем случае очень сложно представить предударную а произносимой долго - &quot;нааааааааааадолго&quot; звучит неестественно, а вот &quot;надооооооолго&quot; я вполне себе представляю ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2019-12-23T17:11:21.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20551" CreationDate="2019-12-24T07:03:47.270" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;An answer that works every single time (no exceptions ever) is to look at the endings of &lt;em&gt;adjectives&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;pronouns&lt;/em&gt; that are  allowed to modify the noun: большое здание, so здание is neuter, мой папа, so папа is masculine. That is, when the adjectives or pronouns that modify a noun have masculine (resp, feminine or neuter) endings then the noun is masculine (resp. feminine or neuter).  This could be considered the &lt;em&gt;definition&lt;/em&gt; of the gender of a noun. It looks rather indirect, which makes it a conceptually interesting way to think about the issue, but this way of explaining the gender of nouns is impractical to non-fluent speakers who are seeking rules to help guess the gender of an unfamiliar noun. That is why it is more common to see rules based on the ending of the noun. Such “simpler” rules always come with exceptions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastActivityDate="2019-12-24T07:03:47.270" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20952" CreationDate="2019-12-24T08:14:42.137" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Дефис тоже можно использовать, но нужно, чтобы до и после дефиса шла гласная:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;на-а-амного&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;на-амного&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-12-24T08:14:42.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20956" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20945" CreationDate="2019-12-24T12:06:46.940" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;At most, it is a rhetoric figure to make a phrase more dramatic, using contraposing. Cf. &quot;nobody wanted the war but the war was inevitable&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway, it possible to wait with the passion or with the fear, then you can wait for something but not to desire this, and to hope this never will come.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, you translation &quot;The war was expected, but came unexpectedly.&quot; is not fully correct. &quot;The war was awaited, but it started suddenly&quot; in my opinion suits better, if to say more or less literally. The word &quot;Expect&quot; is more like &quot;look for&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12747" LastEditorUserId="12747" LastEditDate="2019-12-25T06:38:18.900" LastActivityDate="2019-12-25T06:38:18.900" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20957" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20959" CreationDate="2019-12-24T13:50:12.787" Score="0" ViewCount="143" Body="&lt;p&gt;Написал предложение. Инуитивно - без запятой. Потом подумал, что сложносочинённое, добавил запятую. Посмотрел - выглядит неестественно. Полез искать - и не нашёл. Зато нашёл, что часто это не считается сложным предложением вообще.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Образец: Чтобы оставаться на месте [?] бегите без остановки. Чтобы покинуть автобус [?] выбейте стекло.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно ли на отмеченном месте не ставить никаких знаков препинания, ни запятой, ни тире - ничего?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тип предложения:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Начинается со &quot;Чтобы&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нет сложного союза. Не &quot;для того чтобы&quot;, не &quot;вместо того чтобы&quot;, и т.д.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нет отдельного подлежащего в основной части.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Основная часть - побудительная.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Близкий, но другой пример - безличные предложения. Чтобы оставаться на месте [?] надо бежать без остановки. Чтобы покинуть автобус [?] надо выбить стекло.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В гугле-яндексе в основном находятся:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;обсуждение использования &quot;для того чтобы&quot; - не то. Например &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bolshoyvopros.ru/questions/911116-dlja-togo-chtoby-ili-dlja-togo-chtoby.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.bolshoyvopros.ru/questions/911116-dlja-togo-chtoby-ili-dlja-togo-chtoby.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;чтобы&quot; в середине предложения, а не первым словом.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нашёл один пример - но и тот случайный, не по основнoй теме статьи и &quot;безличный&quot; вариант вместо побудительного: самое начало 1-го Задания: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.portal-slovo.ru/philology/37407.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.portal-slovo.ru/philology/37407.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь очень близко, но опять-таки не совсем то.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1049&quot;&gt;Сослагательный инфинитив при союзе &amp;quot;чтобы&amp;quot; и разносубъектные конструкции&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://rusgram.ru/Сослагательное_наклонение&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В общем, потерямшись мы...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2019-12-24T14:01:28.523" LastActivityDate="2019-12-25T19:31:53.457" Title="Чтобы X [?] сделайте Y - нужна ли запятая?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20958" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20957" CreationDate="2019-12-25T09:07:45.163" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нужно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В приведённых случаях также можно заменить на тире.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2019-12-25T09:07:45.163" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20959" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20957" CreationDate="2019-12-25T19:31:53.457" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a complex sentence with a dependent purpose clause (&lt;em&gt;сложноподчиненное предложение с придаточным цели&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As with almost any other complex sentence, the dependent clause should be isolated with a comma.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lopatin et al., &lt;em&gt;Правила русской орфографии и пунктуации&lt;/em&gt;, p. 115:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В придаточных частях сложноподчиненного предложения используются союзы и союзные слова &lt;em&gt;будто, где, даром что, если (если... то), ибо, зачем, как будто, как только, как, какой, когда, который, кто, куда, лишь, лишь только, нежели, откуда, отчего, пока, поскольку, почему, словно, так как, так что, только что, точно, хотя, чей, чем, что, &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; и др.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Придаточная часть в сложноподчиненном предложении выделяется запятыми с двух сторон, если стоит внутри главной части; если же придаточная часть стоит перед главной частью или после нее, то отделяется от нее запятой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чтобы оставаться на месте, бегите без остановки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, &lt;em&gt;чтобы&lt;/em&gt; is a subordinating conjunction (&lt;em&gt;подчинительный союз&lt;/em&gt;), and &lt;em&gt;чтобы оставаться на месте&lt;/em&gt; is a dependent clause (&lt;em&gt;придаточная часть&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-12-25T19:31:53.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20960" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20964" CreationDate="2019-12-26T01:36:30.577" Score="3" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is 'ознака́мливайтесь' correct? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't find this word in &lt;a href=&quot;http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=%2Fusr%2Flocal%2Fshare%2Fstarling%2Fmorpho&amp;amp;morpho=1&amp;amp;basename=morpho%5Czaliznia%5Cdict&amp;amp;first=1&amp;amp;off=&amp;amp;text_word=%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA&amp;amp;method_word=beginning&amp;amp;ic_word=on&amp;amp;text_grammar=&amp;amp;method_grammar=substring&amp;amp;ic_grammar=on&amp;amp;text_trans=&amp;amp;method_trans=substring&amp;amp;ic_trans=on&amp;amp;text_any=&amp;amp;method_any=substring&amp;amp;sort=word&amp;amp;ic_any=on&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Zaliznyak's dictionary&lt;/a&gt; or in &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt;. Instead, I see only 'ознакомля́йтесь'. However, I keep hearing it &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygOMSy01XBM&amp;amp;t=462s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;all the time&lt;/a&gt;:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hFvNn.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/hFvNn.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2020-01-02T10:30:25.463" Title="'ознакомля́йтесь' or 'ознака́мливайтесь'?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20960" CreationDate="2019-12-26T08:28:59.373" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I made a quick search and turns out there is no such &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/buro/search-answer?s=%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;word&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I think I may have used occasionally this &lt;code&gt;ознака́мливайтесь&lt;/code&gt; a couple of times myself. It sounds... easier to construct when you're ignorant of the valid form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just keep in mind what it may mean and that it is wrong to use it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9116" LastActivityDate="2019-12-26T08:28:59.373" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20945" CreationDate="2019-12-26T20:06:02.537" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is a paradox. &quot;The war was expected, but came unexpectedly&quot; is a right translation.  In this particular conext, it may mean several things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;People expected the war, but nobody expected it that soon.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;People expected the war, but it took the army and the country by surprise, because Stalin etc. did nor prepare the country to the war. There is a Russian joke &quot;зима каждый год приходит неожиданно&quot;, meaning the officials do not prepare for the winter, as if they don't know it will come.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to give the historical context as I understand it both from what older people told me about their experience, and from what I read about that time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before June 22, 1941, Germany conducted a wide-scale disinformation campaign that proved largely successful.  While it was generally understood that Germany is going to attack the USSR, it convinced the Soviet leaders that Germany has no plans to attack the USSR before it will finish the war against the United Kingdom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Stalin, in his first public speech after the war started, July 3, 1941, told  &quot;Что касается того, что часть нашей территории оказалась все же захваченной немецко-фашистскими войсками, то это объясняется главным образом тем, что война фашистской Германии против СССР началась при выгодных условиях для немецких войск и невыгодных - для советских войск. Дело в том, что войска Германии как страны, ведущей войну, были уже целиком отмобилизованы и 170 дивизий, брошенных Германией против СССР и придвинутых к границам СССР, находились в состоянии полной готовности, ожидая лишь сигнала для выступления, тогда как советским войскам нужно было еще отмобилизоваться и придвинуться к границам.&quot; In other words, he claimed that the USSR did not expect the war, at least not at that moment.  On the other hand, most people understood that the war is coming. So the war was, in some sense, both expected and unexpected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2019-12-26T20:27:24.920" LastActivityDate="2019-12-26T20:27:24.920" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20963" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11037" CreationDate="2019-12-27T12:21:30.893" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;(как дополнение) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В контексте&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;работы&lt;/strong&gt; или &lt;strong&gt;должности&lt;/strong&gt; слово иногда &lt;em&gt;можно&lt;/em&gt; употребить. &lt;strong&gt;Завалить заявками&lt;/strong&gt; (заказами) на какую-либо &lt;strong&gt;работу&lt;/strong&gt; - здесь для переносного смысла используется распространённая аналогия с сыпучими веществами (&lt;em&gt;множество мелких сущностей&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Видимо, иначе работает другое, неформальное значение слова: &lt;strong&gt;засЫпать&lt;/strong&gt; (завалить) &lt;strong&gt;на экзамене&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;на собеседовании, аттестации на &lt;strong&gt;должность&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; и т. п.) - подразумевается, что те, от кого при формальной процедуре зависит оценка, допуск к конкурсной должности, отбор при кастинге и т. п. &lt;em&gt;умышленно&lt;/em&gt; задавали сложные &lt;em&gt;вопросы&lt;/em&gt; в интересах получения отрицательного результата. Трудно точно сказать, связано ли такое выражение с устойчивым &quot;&lt;em&gt;засыпать вопросами&lt;/em&gt;&quot; или здесь действует скрытая аналогия с &quot;&lt;em&gt;похоронить (буквально, &lt;strong&gt;засыпав&lt;/strong&gt; землёй)&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, поскольку синонимично этому столь же неформальное &quot;завалить&quot;. Соответственно, возможна ситуация &quot;меня &lt;strong&gt;засыпали&lt;/strong&gt; при аттестации на такую-то &lt;strong&gt;должность&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. &quot;&lt;em&gt;Засыпать (провалить) на экзамене&lt;/em&gt;&quot; можно найти напр. в Толковом словаре словаре Ожегова: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2.%D1%80%D1%84/wd/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://поискслов.рф/wd/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2019-12-27T18:38:11.447" LastActivityDate="2019-12-27T18:38:11.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20964" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20960" CreationDate="2019-12-27T14:46:21.397" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Despite the known official recommendation (probably, coming from the 1950-s - the argument being: &quot;оформлять&quot;, not &quot;офармливать&quot;), the matter is not as simple as it might seem. It's still &lt;em&gt;arguable&lt;/em&gt; if just one word form is correct: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Документная лингвистика, Н. Муравьева, 2016&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=oikJDgAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA189&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U0Cy60xESFBuDAGJJqRskWcYodctg&amp;amp;w=1280&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=oikJDgAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA189&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U0Cy60xESFBuDAGJJqRskWcYodctg&amp;amp;w=1280&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Морфологическим вариантом глагола несовершенного вида &lt;strong&gt;ознакомлять/ся&lt;/strong&gt; является форма &lt;strong&gt;ознакамливать/ся&lt;/strong&gt; с корневым чередованием о/а. &lt;strong&gt;Ещё не&#xA;  так давно&lt;/strong&gt; форма ознакамливать (см., например, словарь Д.Н. Ушакова или&#xA;  малый академический словарь) считалась неправильной. Между тем в &lt;strong&gt;современной речевой практике&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  она активно употребляется.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А.Ю.Иванова, Русский язык в деловой документации, &quot;Юрайт&quot;, м. 2018&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=x5N2DwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA115&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U3OS5f7UZSmgJMT_C0M7tZdxv5FwA&amp;amp;w=1280&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=x5N2DwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA115&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U3OS5f7UZSmgJMT_C0M7tZdxv5FwA&amp;amp;w=1280&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=x5N2DwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;pg=PA116&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U39SpnMGk-fPLGGvl-TrXBaQtAK9Q&amp;amp;w=1280&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=x5N2DwAAQBAJ&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;pg=PA116&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U39SpnMGk-fPLGGvl-TrXBaQtAK9Q&amp;amp;w=1280&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В русском языке существуют параллельные глагольные структуры, которые различаются стилистической окраской. Например, глаголам совершенного&#xA;  вида, типа заготовить, ознакомить, узаконить, могут соответствовать&#xA;  глаголы несовершенного вида: заготовлять — заготавливать; &lt;strong&gt;ознакомлять&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  — &lt;strong&gt;ознакамливать&lt;/strong&gt;; узаконять — узаконивать. В этих глаголах формы с&#xA;  суффиксами -ива, -ыва употребительны в &lt;strong&gt;официальной&lt;/strong&gt; речи, а формы &lt;strong&gt;без&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;  этого суффикса воспринимаются как &lt;strong&gt;разговорные&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В других парах глаголов типа: обусловливать - обуславливать, сосредоточивать - сосредотачивать формы с &quot;о&quot; употребимы в&#xA;  книжно-письменных стилях, а формы с &quot;а&quot; свойственны разговорной речи.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From an &lt;em&gt;older&lt;/em&gt; classic dictionary: Мюллер Владимир Карлович (1880-1941) Полный Русско-анлийский словарь - only the form &lt;strong&gt;ознакамливать&lt;/strong&gt; is present.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=cUCFAQAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA1141&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U19Ib4MXSVtDt5gsRkz4V3zaOz-FQ&amp;amp;w=1280&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=cUCFAQAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA1141&amp;amp;img=1&amp;amp;zoom=3&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U19Ib4MXSVtDt5gsRkz4V3zaOz-FQ&amp;amp;w=1280&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastEditorUserId="5443" LastEditDate="2019-12-27T15:11:17.877" LastActivityDate="2019-12-27T15:11:17.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20701" CreationDate="2019-12-27T22:12:21.183" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Друзья, мне кажется, что предложенные варианты выглядят сильно коряво.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Плюшкин - да, собирает всякий хлам, но он из него что-то мастерит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Барахольщик - продавец барахла на барахолке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Остальные варианты - шуточные или совершенно нелепые фразы - так никто не говорит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть, пусть и явно выражающий негативное отношение к таким людям, но более нативный, вариант:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Шурешки - это любые мелкие детали и объекты не несущие прямой смысловой нагрузки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hoarder = ШУРЕШЕЧНИК - человек, собирающий всякий хлам с помоек и приносящий это в дом/квартиру.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12933" LastActivityDate="2019-12-27T22:12:21.183" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20966" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20701" CreationDate="2019-12-29T01:24:34.893" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I tend to use the word хламщик. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Incidentally, back in the USSR, hoarding was not a disorder, but a survival strategy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2019-12-29T01:24:34.893" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20952" CreationDate="2019-12-29T11:35:42.090" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;В речи персонажей такое вполне допустимо, см., например, пьесу Евгения Шварца «Дракон».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Растягивают, как правило, ударные гласные.  Дефисы не обязательны: можно надо-о-олго, а можно и надооолго.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2019-12-29T11:35:42.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20968" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2019-12-29T14:47:10.383" Score="3" ViewCount="295" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both &lt;em&gt;некуда&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;негде&lt;/em&gt; mean &lt;em&gt;nowhere&lt;/em&gt;, but there seems to be some semantic difference between the two. For example, we have&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Им некуда идти&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;They have nowhere to go&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Им негде сесть&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;They have nowhere to sit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(examples encountered in Duolingo). From these and other examples, I'm getting the feeling that &lt;em&gt;негде&lt;/em&gt; is used for more specific or in some sense &quot;smaller&quot; locations, while the location (or rather lack thereof) in constructions using &lt;em&gt;некуда&lt;/em&gt; is more abstract.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd like to know&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is there is a better way (such as a hard grammatical rule) than just developing a &quot;feeling&quot; to decide when to use which?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Are there examples where you might use either word? If yes, how do the semantics change, if at all?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10892" LastActivityDate="2019-12-30T19:59:39.957" Title="некуда vs. негде: when to use which?" Tags="&lt;наречия&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20968" CreationDate="2019-12-29T16:49:37.510" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is similar to that between &lt;em&gt;куда&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;где&lt;/em&gt;: the former implies a goal or direction (&quot;where to&quot;), while the latter -- presence or momentary location (&quot;where at&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Им некуда идти&lt;/em&gt; -- &lt;strong&gt;They have no place where they can (or want to) go&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Им негде сесть&lt;/em&gt; --  &lt;strong&gt;They have no place to sit where they currently  are&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2019-12-29T16:49:37.510" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20970" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20968" CreationDate="2019-12-30T10:21:36.577" Score="3" Body="&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;From your surname, I assume you are German.  The difference is very&#xA;similar to the one between the German “&lt;i&gt;nirgendwo&lt;/i&gt;” (for&#xA;“&lt;i&gt;негде&lt;/i&gt;”) and “&lt;i&gt;nirgendwohin&lt;/i&gt;” (for “&lt;i&gt;некуда&lt;/i&gt;”):&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;i&gt;Им некуда идти.&lt;/i&gt; ≈ &lt;i&gt;Sie können nirgendwohin gehen.&lt;/i&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;i&gt;Им негде сесть.&lt;/i&gt; ≈ &lt;i&gt;Sie können sich nirgendwo setzen.&lt;/i&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;Correspondingly, “&lt;i&gt;nirgendwoher&lt;/i&gt;” is “&lt;i&gt;не́откуда&lt;/i&gt;”:&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;i&gt;Помощи ждать неоткуда&lt;/i&gt; ≈ &lt;i&gt;Hilfe wird von nirgendwoher kommen.&lt;/i&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;&lt;b&gt;N.B.&lt;/b&gt;  One must not confuse these forms and the forms with the&#xA;prefix “&lt;i&gt;ни-&lt;/i&gt;”.  These forms require the particle “не”:&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;i&gt;Они &lt;b&gt;не&lt;/b&gt; могут никуда пойти.&lt;/i&gt; ≈ &lt;i&gt;Sie können nirgendwohin gehen.&lt;/i&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;i&gt;Они &lt;b&gt;не&lt;/b&gt; могут нигде сесть.&lt;/i&gt; ≈ &lt;i&gt;Sie können sich nirgendwo setzen.&lt;/i&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;i&gt;Помощь &lt;b&gt;не&lt;/b&gt; придёт ниоткуда.&lt;/i&gt; ≈ &lt;i&gt;Hilfe wird von nirgendwoher kommen.&lt;/i&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2019-12-30T10:21:36.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20968" CreationDate="2019-12-30T19:59:39.957" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I second other answers clarifying direction vs. location. In addition, there are some nuances regarding whether or not both words can be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When a verb accompanying &quot;некуда/негде&quot; denotes movement, both &quot;некуда/негде&quot; can be used (given a potentially different meaning to the whole sentence). When this verb is non-moving, only &quot;негде&quot; can be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Им некуда идти - They have nowhere to go&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Им негде идти - They are meant to go, but there's no path&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Им негде сесть - They have no place to sit where they currently are &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Им некуда сесть - They have no place to sit even if they move around&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Им негде посидеть - They have no place to spend some time sitting&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Им некуда посидеть - WRONG. Non-movement verb!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2019-12-30T19:59:39.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20972" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20974" CreationDate="2019-12-30T20:53:26.147" Score="2" ViewCount="341" Body="&lt;p&gt;The direct translation of &lt;code&gt;Она читает всё&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;She reads everything&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As I've been reading it seems that as a rule generally pronouns come before he verb where as regular nouns come after e.g.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я тебя люблю&#xA;Я люблю кошку&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that depending on what you want to stress you can place the subject in a different place. Is the above rule generally only true for personal pronouns?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can I say &lt;code&gt;Она всё читает&lt;/code&gt; or is that weird?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The object is usually in the accusative case. I believe the object is всё but I don't think this is the accusative case? Why not?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, looking up the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/pronouns.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;cases for всё&lt;/a&gt; ... there seems to be quite a few and they all have a gender (m/f/n) associated to it. If that's the case, which gender is всё associated to?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6840" LastActivityDate="2019-12-30T23:35:16.570" Title="Some questions about the construction of this sentence &quot;Она читает всё&quot;" Tags="&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20972" CreationDate="2019-12-30T22:53:52.190" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your observation is not quite true. In English the word order is very strict and very important.  In Russian, on the other hand, the word order is much more flexible, mostly because of noun cases. For instance, &quot;Я тебя люблю.&quot; and &quot;Я люблю тебя.&quot; are equally correct ways of saying &quot;I love you&quot;.  Saying &quot;Она всё читает&quot; is perfectly fine. Depending on the intonation this word order can be used to emphasize that she reads everything as opposed to something specific.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this sentence всё is in the accusative case.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The gender here is neuter to mean &quot;everything in general&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="115" LastActivityDate="2019-12-30T22:53:52.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20974" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20972" CreationDate="2019-12-30T23:35:16.570" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Она всё читает&quot; with neutral intonation means rather &quot;she is still reading&quot; (она всё /ещё/ читает where ещё is omitted).  You must emphasize всё if you want to say &quot;she reads everything&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2019-12-30T23:35:16.570" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20976" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20980" CreationDate="2019-12-31T21:37:03.390" Score="4" ViewCount="189" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Можете нарезать хлеб и сыр? (perfective)&#xA;Ты хочешь нарезать лук? (imperfective) ... I think&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems like for the verb &lt;code&gt;нарезать&lt;/code&gt; the perfective and imperfect infinitive forms are &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;нареза́ть&#xA;наре́зать&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which is essentially the same word but the stress is different. Is there anyway by reading to tell asides from context which aspect the &lt;code&gt;нарезать&lt;/code&gt; is in? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess is that in the first sentence the important part is to finish slicing the bread &amp;amp; cheese where as in the second sentence the pith of the sentence is to question if they want to slice or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6840" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-01T00:29:17.690" LastActivityDate="2020-01-02T10:53:06.850" Title="How to tell apart &quot;нареза́ть&quot; from &quot;наре́зать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20977" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20978" CreationDate="2019-12-31T22:22:53.323" Score="2" ViewCount="220" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sentence &quot;У нас нет конфет&quot; (&quot;We have no candies&quot;) seems to translate to we have no &lt;code&gt;candies&lt;/code&gt;. I know that following the word &lt;code&gt;нет&lt;/code&gt; we need to be in the genitive case and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the word &lt;code&gt;конфет&lt;/code&gt; should take on the following properties&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;genitive case&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;plural&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;inanimate&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;masc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the above is correct then it should be &lt;code&gt;У нас нет конфетов&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6840" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-01T17:59:16.057" LastActivityDate="2020-01-02T18:18:49.447" Title="Why &quot;конфет&quot; and not &quot;конфетов&quot;?" Tags="&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20977" CreationDate="2020-01-01T00:05:48.993" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are wrong and the correct form is &quot;у нас нет конфет&quot;. Actually, &quot;конфета&quot; is feminine, it easily can be checked in any dictionary, including &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; where one can find all cases listed. I highly recommend you that resource. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-01-01T00:05:48.993" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20976" CreationDate="2020-01-01T00:23:52.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's indeed impossible to figure out which form is used without additional context. In phrase &quot;я нарезал колбасу&quot; both verbs are possible. Even in phrase &quot;я в этот момент как раз нарезал колбасу&quot; &lt;code&gt;нареза́ть&lt;/code&gt; is most possible candidate but not the only one, since it can be something like &quot;я в этот момент как раз нарезал колбасу и только-только сел смотреть телевизор&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of your guess, well, imperfective form &quot;нареза́ть&quot; is close to the usage of gerund in English, so if you can imagine using &quot;slicing&quot; in the English sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-01-01T00:23:52.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20980" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20976" CreationDate="2020-01-01T00:33:09.853" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Either aspect is valid in both sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Можете наре&amp;#x301;зать хлеб и сыр?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;can you slice the bread and cheese?&quot; (or, rather, &quot;can you have the bread and cheese sliced?&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Можете нареза&amp;#x301;ть хлеб и сыр?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;Can you be slicing bread and cheese?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not a common way to put it, but I can imagine a situation where this would be a valid question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your wife was about to slice some bread and cheese, but something got in her way. Smoke from the roast turkey you had left in the oven for too long filled the kitchen, and your wife could not stand the stench.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You have since opened the window and let the smoke out, and now you're asking your wife if she can go back to her slicing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You'd say something like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Дорогая, я проветрил кухню, и мне нужно делать бутерброды. В кухне почти не пахнет. Ты можешь нареза&amp;#x301;ть хлеб и сыр? // Honey, I've let the smoke out, and I have to make the sandwiches. The smell is almost gone. Can you be slicing bread and cheese now?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference is that you're not asking about the result but rather the process in the latter question. You're not worrying about the bread and cheese. You're curious whether or not your wife can do the slicing comfortably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты хочешь наре&amp;#x301;зать лук?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;do you want to slice the onions&quot; (or &quot;do you want to have the onions sliced?&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ты хочешь нареза&amp;#x301;ть лук?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means &quot;do you want to be slicing onions&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, this would be a valid question if it's about the process and not the result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Зайка, ты хотела помочь мне приготовить ужин. Что именно ты хочешь делать? Ты хочешь нареза&amp;#x301;ть лук? // Sweetheart, you wanted to help me cook the dinner. What exactly do you want to do? Do you want to be slicing onions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-01-01T00:33:09.853" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20976" CreationDate="2020-01-01T12:08:27.337" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I personally would never say &lt;code&gt;нареза́ть&lt;/code&gt; in any of your examples (when it is used in the questions). To me it doesn't sound natural. I'd use &lt;code&gt;наре́зать&lt;/code&gt; in both questions and both of these questions sound like a polite request to me, rather than a question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually, I just read the Quassnoi answer to the very end and example given at the end shows good use of &lt;code&gt;нареза́ть&lt;/code&gt; form in questions. I just interpreted both of your questions as requests originally and didn't think about other possibilities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Можете нареза́ть хлеб.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note, that it is not a question, but a statement.&#xA;In the sense of giving directions/permission: You are free to go and slice the bread. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Можете начинать нареза́ть хлеб.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are free to go and start slicing the bread.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it is not so clear with the &lt;code&gt;нарезать&lt;/code&gt; form of the verb (present tense), there is a clear difference in the meaning that depends on the stress when this verb is used in the past tense. Russian language has just one past tense, unlike English, but you still can express subtleties.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я наре́зал хлеб.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This position of the stress in this word means that the action has finished. Either just finished (present perfect (?)) or simple past tense. It can be translated as: I have sliced the bread. I have finished slicing the bread. I sliced the bread (yesterday).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare it with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я нареза́л хлеб, когда произошло что-то.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Past continuous (?). I was slicing the bread when something happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я нареза́л хлеб в течении пяти лет (работая там).&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Present perfect continuous (?). I have been slicing bread for five years (while working there). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the &lt;code&gt;нареза́л&lt;/code&gt; form in some sense implies continuous tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not sure if I labelled English tenses above correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12943" LastActivityDate="2020-01-01T12:08:27.337" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20982" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-01T14:09:49.080" Score="0" ViewCount="53" Body="&lt;p&gt;There appear to be three different words in Russian for the English word 'to ask'. спрашивать, просить, задавать&#xA;Are they synonyms, and, if not, how are they different?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastActivityDate="2020-01-01T17:15:40.970" Title="Different ways to ask" Tags="&lt;граматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2020-01-01T17:55:40.437" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20983" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-01T15:58:01.280" Score="3" ViewCount="163" Body="&lt;p&gt;I translated the following snippet for a Russian friend. The last line I translated as &quot;Now &lt;em&gt;this&lt;/em&gt; is going to be a bit more difficult.&quot; But my friend insists that this doesn't have a future interpretation in this context in Russian. I'm wondering if someone could clarify this usage for me. How would you interpret this idiomatically into English? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Младшая cестра:&lt;/strong&gt; Костя, помоги мне ещё одну задачу решить! Старший &#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;брат:&lt;/strong&gt; Ну хорошо. Дай-ка посмотрю..... О, а эта-то посложнее будет!&#xA;  Тогда ты за меня посуду сегодня моешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-01T17:53:10.383" LastActivityDate="2020-01-01T21:06:34.083" Title="Usage of &quot;будет&quot; in phrases like &quot;эта задача посложнее будет&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20984" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20982" CreationDate="2020-01-01T17:15:40.970" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;спрашивать:&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;ask&quot; as in inquire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;просить:&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;ask&quot; as in politely or humbly request.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;задавать:&lt;/strong&gt; is not, on its own, a translation of &quot;to ask&quot;, but you're clearly thinking of the phrase &lt;strong&gt;задавать вопрос&lt;/strong&gt;, &quot;pose a question&quot;. It's a little more formal and it's also what you use when you don't specify what the question is (as in &quot;I asked you a question&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2020-01-01T17:15:40.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20985" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20983" CreationDate="2020-01-01T17:33:10.670" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It’s pretty much like gonna in “This one's gonna be tough”, so it’s close but not necessarily a future tense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, in «это аргумент посильнее будет» or «эта машина подороже будет» “будет” is not about the future tense at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; It's difficult for me to describe what the exact difference is, but if I had to, I'd say the usage of &quot;будет&quot; makes a phrase less emotionally neutral and adds a hint of opposition. For instance, &quot;Эта машина стоит 50000 долларов, а вон та вот подороже&quot; is just a neutral statement, while when one says something like &quot;А ты уверен, что ты хочешь красную машину? Это подороже будет, ты понимаешь?&quot; they want to emphasize the fact that this option differs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2020-01-01T21:06:34.083" LastActivityDate="2020-01-01T21:06:34.083" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15168" CreationDate="2020-01-01T21:28:44.750" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually the truth behind these two words are pretty interesting. Благодарю in general is a high vibrational word and is used everywhere where спасибо is used and now people are using it more often, because спасибо actually means спаси бог in shortened which translation is god help, save me god etc. there is also an answer to it , нe за что.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12945" LastActivityDate="2020-01-01T21:28:44.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20987" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20976" CreationDate="2020-01-02T10:28:05.570" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нареза́ть&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is a non-perfective verb, and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;наре́зать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is a perfective verb. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's all the difference between them, and that's what you should be guided by when using these verbs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2020-01-02T10:28:05.570" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20960" CreationDate="2020-01-02T10:30:25.463" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would use &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ознакомьтесь, пожалуйста.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;instead of those terrible two. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2020-01-02T10:30:25.463" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20989" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20976" CreationDate="2020-01-02T10:53:06.850" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;наре́зать&quot; is the result of the action of slicing, while &quot;нареза́ть&quot; is the action itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12487" LastActivityDate="2020-01-02T10:53:06.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20977" CreationDate="2020-01-02T18:18:49.447" Score="-1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;masc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, конфета is fem. Therefore, gen plural of конфета is конфет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2020-01-02T18:18:49.447" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20991" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-03T15:10:34.027" Score="1" ViewCount="56" Body="&lt;p&gt;The imperfective infinitive of words  are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;говорить&#xA;рассказывать&#xA;разговорить&#xA;разговаривать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How are they each used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastActivityDate="2020-01-03T15:10:34.027" Title="What are the differences between many ways to say" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2020-01-03T17:01:47.040" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20992" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21008" CreationDate="2020-01-03T22:19:42.057" Score="3" ViewCount="311" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Я ему расскажу о тебе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Я ему расскажу про тебя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know that each of these sentences roughly translates as &lt;em&gt;I will tell him about you&lt;/em&gt;, but what is the difference? Do the connotations or undertones fully coincide?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried doing research in Google, but did not find anything about the difference between the specific phrases &lt;strong&gt;расскажу о тебе&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;расскажу про тебя&lt;/strong&gt; and got confused by conflicting opinions of native speakers about the difference between &lt;strong&gt;o&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;про&lt;/strong&gt; in general. Some people say that there is no difference in the meaning between these prepositions, whilst others say there is some subtle difference. &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/10773/%D0%98-%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt; is an example of a discussion about these prepositions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A language exchange partner from Russia was unable to give me an immediate clear answer. He only shared his observation that Sentence (2) can be used to express an intention to complain, whilst Sentence (1) rather cannot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am confused and humbly hope to get help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: There is a similar &lt;a href=&quot;http://russian.stackexchange.com/a/416/194&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; and an interesting &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/416/194&quot;&gt;answer&lt;/a&gt; to it, and I am thankful for pointing them out. That question is about the difference between &lt;strong&gt;o&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;про&lt;/strong&gt; in general, whilst my question is specifically about the difference between &lt;strong&gt;расскажу о тебе&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;расскажу про тебя&lt;/strong&gt;. The aforementioned answer, however, mentions those particular expressions. In that answer, Anixx states his opinion that &lt;strong&gt;расскажу про тебя&lt;/strong&gt; implies an intent to introduce you or tell a certain thing about you or something new about you. This seems to answer my question, but a comment by a native speaker below that answer says, &amp;quot; ... I do not sense any difference between o and про at all, so I, personally, am not convinced. Of course, I'm no philologist, but I am native speaker, and I've grown to trust my gut feeling when it comes to language. My gut tells me there's no semantical difference between the two prepositions.&amp;quot; Nevertheless, Anixx' answer got a score of +12. I'm not sure whether my question should be deemed a duplicate, and I do not insist on keeping it open. Anixx' answer provides an answer to my question. Yet, in view of conflicting opinions of native speakers about those prepositions, I would be thankful for a reference to a dictionary or any official or half-official source clarifying the difference between &lt;strong&gt;расскажу о тебе&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;расскажу про тебя&lt;/strong&gt; or at least between &lt;strong&gt;o&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;про&lt;/strong&gt; in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-01-08T18:40:25.750" Title="What is the difference between &quot;расскажу о тебе&quot; and &quot;расскажу про тебя&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20993" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21028" CreationDate="2020-01-03T22:24:34.613" Score="5" ViewCount="513" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's suppose some students gather every evening in a student dormitory and make loud noise till late night by playing guitar, talking, singing, laughing, etc., and a female student from the same dormitory reports them to the dean after unsuccessful attempts to resolve the issue by talking directly with the students. One night the dean comes to the dormitory to verify the complaint and witnesses everything himself. Those students are now in deep trouble and are facing a university hearing, with some of them being now in real danger of getting kicked out of the university in view of some previous issues and poor academic records. You want to praise the girl for blowing the whistle. What will you call her in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know a few Russian words synonymous to &lt;em&gt;whistleblower&lt;/em&gt;, but they seem to be highly negative - &lt;strong&gt;ябеда&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;доносчик&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;стукач&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also know some rather neutral words such as &lt;strong&gt;информатор&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;осведомитель&lt;/strong&gt;, but these words are too generic, meaning &lt;em&gt;informer&lt;/em&gt; rather than &lt;em&gt;whistleblower&lt;/em&gt;, and still lack a positive connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a positive Russian word for a person who voluntarily and on his or her own initiative reports someone to authorities in a one-off report, having not been recruited as an informer beforehand?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T07:25:16.060" Title="Is there a positive Russian word for a whistleblower?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20994" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="20996" CreationDate="2020-01-04T02:50:20.827" Score="8" ViewCount="466" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wrote in an essay,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В зале стоял длинный стол с закусками, один из концов которого упирался в стену. Мы подошли к столу и стали за него садиться. Я подсела к стене.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My teacher marked the last sentence as a mistake. Why did he do so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main meaning of the verb &lt;strong&gt;подсесть&lt;/strong&gt; is given in dictionaries as &lt;em&gt;to sit down near someone or something&lt;/em&gt;. See, e.g., Wiktionary's &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;definition&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;сесть рядом с кем-либо, чем-либо, около кого-либо, чего-либо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, Wiktionary illustrates this definition by the following example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Засунув чугунок с картошкой в печь, она подсела к печи, сведённые простудой пальцы засовывала в самый огонь — грела.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I am at a loss as to why &lt;strong&gt;подсела к стене&lt;/strong&gt; is wrong if &lt;strong&gt;подсела к печи&lt;/strong&gt; is perfectly fine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In an attempt to find an explanation, I hypothesize that the true meaning of &lt;strong&gt;подсесть&lt;/strong&gt; might actually be &lt;em&gt;to sit down near someone or something with the purpose of interacting with or paying attention to that person or object&lt;/em&gt;. But this is just a hypothesis, and I never saw such a detailed definition in any dictionary. Maybe succinct definitions in dictionaries just do not capture that nuance, if it is there at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So let's see what native speakers have to say. Is my hypothesis correct, or why did my teacher mark my sentence as a mistake?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2020-01-04T14:19:28.423" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T10:05:11.760" Title="What's wrong with &quot;я подсела к стене&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20995" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20993" CreationDate="2020-01-04T07:14:18.110" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think there's a single Russian noun to capture all the nuances of the term &quot;whistleblower.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you are reporting a situation to the authorities, the usual response is &lt;em&gt;спасибо за сигнал&lt;/em&gt;, literally &quot;thank you for your signal.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember seeing the word &lt;em&gt;сигнальщик&lt;/em&gt; as an attempt to translate &quot;whistleblower,&quot; but I don't think it has gained any traction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The stereotype holds it that the anonymous tips are usually signed &lt;em&gt;доброжелатель&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;well-meaning person&quot;) or &lt;em&gt;неравнодушный гражданин&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;concerned citizen&quot;). They do not carry the negative connotation, but people use them mostly in ironical sense. The former  more so than the latter, so the latter can mean &quot;whistleblower,&quot; too, although its meaning is, of course, broader than just &quot;whistleblower.&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-01-04T19:25:59.030" LastActivityDate="2020-01-04T19:25:59.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20996" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20994" CreationDate="2020-01-04T12:12:27.980" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;You didn’t have a &lt;em&gt;purpose of interacting&lt;/em&gt; with the wall so you can’t use подсесть in the situation. You just sat down near/close to the wall. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2020-01-04T12:12:27.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20993" CreationDate="2020-01-04T13:44:50.627" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No. Whistleblower is a new concept in Russia because in XX century we were dominated by state-owned enterprises, in which case the word диссидент would be more appropriate (so Snowden for instance can be called диссидент in Russian because he worked for government). But the word seems inappropriate to refer to private enterprises.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2020-01-04T13:44:50.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="20999" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21000" CreationDate="2020-01-06T03:00:17.347" Score="7" ViewCount="376" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть пить - To eat a drink? Есть and пить are both verbs here so I'm not sure how that works&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пить есть - I think answers this question by saying yes, I have a drink. But again I don't get why it's a verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть нет - Saying yes to drink but not to eat?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What exactly does this mean&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6840" LastEditorUserId="6840" LastEditDate="2020-01-06T03:46:31.623" LastActivityDate="2020-01-24T14:40:00.527" Title="What does this sentence mean? Есть пить? Пить есть, Есть нет" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21000" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20999" CreationDate="2020-01-06T03:21:56.180" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Есть&lt;/em&gt; are two distinct, homonymous verbs in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first one is the present form of &amp;quot;to be,&amp;quot; the second one is the infinitive form of &amp;quot;to eat.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They have different etymologies, and before the orthographic reform of 1918, they even used to be written differently: the one which meant &amp;quot;to eat&amp;quot; used to be written as &lt;em&gt;ѣсть&lt;/em&gt;. There is no such distinction in modern orthography anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, Russian has a feature called &amp;quot;proximal possession&amp;quot;: in Russian, we don't usually say &amp;quot;I have something,&amp;quot; instead we say, literally, &amp;quot;at me there is something&amp;quot; (&lt;em&gt;у меня что-то есть&lt;/em&gt;). It is a feature shared with Finnish and some other languages of the world.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speakers often omit the &amp;quot;at me&amp;quot; part if it's evident from the context, same as in English &amp;quot;got milk&amp;quot;? (meaning &amp;quot;have you got any milk&amp;quot;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the literal translation of this phrase would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть пить? Пить есть, есть нет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is to drink? To drink is, to eat not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or, if we bring all the omissions back in,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[У тебя] есть [что-нибудь] пить? Пить [у меня] есть, [но] есть [у меня] нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there anything to drink? There is something to drink, but there is nothing to eat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, which means:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you have anything to drink? I have something to drink, but I don't have anything to eat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-01-09T09:33:54.673" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21001" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21002" CreationDate="2020-01-06T07:30:27.260" Score="1" ViewCount="191" Body="&lt;p&gt;My question is about two ways of saying &quot;manage to do&quot;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;у меня получится&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;мне удаётся &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone clarify what's the difference between these two? Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10965" LastActivityDate="2020-01-06T15:10:35.297" Title="Difference between получится and удаётся" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21001" CreationDate="2020-01-06T08:54:00.570" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The version &lt;em&gt;у меня получается&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;получится&lt;/em&gt; in future tense) is typically about &lt;strong&gt;ability&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;skills&lt;/strong&gt; (sometimes, about a &lt;em&gt;sсheduled opportunity&lt;/em&gt;) while &lt;em&gt;мне удаётся&lt;/em&gt; is more about &lt;strong&gt;effort&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;luck&lt;/strong&gt; in getting a desired result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня получается превосходная уха.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я раньше не делала этот салат, но у меня явно получается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Пытаюсь сделать стойку на голове, но у меня не получается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;У меня не получится приехать на Рождество из-за контрактных&#xA;  обязательств.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мне не удалось с первого раза поступить в университет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Иногда мне удаётся поймать крупного лосося (или выбить 50 очков при&#xA;  стрельбе и т. п.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При всём его коварстве, ему не удалось нас перехитрить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2020-01-06T08:54:00.570" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21001" CreationDate="2020-01-06T15:10:35.297" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You should bear in mind that verbs usually have more than one meaning. So both verbs are complete synonyms in only one meaning, that is to succeed in doing something, to have a positive result&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Салат удался или салат получился на славу.&#xA;  А вот обмануть меня ему не удалось или у него не получилось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But besides these meanings there are others.which you can find in any dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-01-06T15:10:35.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21004" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21005" CreationDate="2020-01-07T21:07:55.527" Score="1" ViewCount="136" Body="&lt;p&gt;A word that I came across from &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/50pQHccrlHg?t=502&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; video. Just wounder how it is pronounced (because she say a long sentence) and primarely how it is spelled.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12960" LastEditorUserId="12960" LastEditDate="2020-01-07T21:32:20.127" LastActivityDate="2020-01-07T23:40:01.697" Title="A word that exist in Russia that mean &quot;rehiability politically&quot;, how do you write it?" Tags="&lt;word&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21004" CreationDate="2020-01-07T23:40:01.697" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word is written as &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;реабилитация&lt;/a&gt;&quot; &#xA;Morphologically looks like &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ре-а-би-ли-та́-ци-я&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This word has two meanings:&#xA; 1. restoration of human rights&#xA; 2. Human recovery after surgery / injury&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12962" LastActivityDate="2020-01-07T23:40:01.697" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21007" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20992" CreationDate="2020-01-08T13:35:58.743" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Расскажи про себя = tell about your adventures, deeds and achievements (we already know your name)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Расскажи о себе = tell about who you are, your name, your background and origin&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это фильм про любовь = the film is about a love story&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это фильм о любви = the film is about love as a phenomenon or philosophical category&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это книга про железную дорогу = the book is about railway life and a story centered about railway&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это книга о железной дороге = the book is about the history of railway development or railway technology&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это фильм про войну = this is a feature film set during a war&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это фильм о войне = this is a documentary about a particular war or war history&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2020-01-08T13:47:57.107" LastActivityDate="2020-01-08T13:47:57.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21008" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20992" CreationDate="2020-01-08T18:40:25.750" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Справочник  по правописанию и стилистике Д.Э.Розенталя 199.Выбор предлога&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Синонимический ряд образуют предлоги с изъяснительным значением, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;разговоры о поездке- про поездку- насчет поездки- относительно поездки- касательно поездки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этих сочетаниях можно отметить УБЫВАЮЩУЮ КОНКРЕТИЗАЦИЮ предмета речи и СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКОЕ различие:РАЗГОВОРНЫЙ характер предлогов ПРО и насчет, книжный. присущий деловой речи - предлогов касательно и относительно и НЕЙТРАЛЬНЫЙ характер ПРЕДЛОГА О при глаголах речи или мысли и соответствующих существительных.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-01-08T18:40:25.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21009" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20999" CreationDate="2020-01-09T09:38:32.560" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there anything to drink? There is something to drink, but there is&#xA;  nothing to eat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2020-01-09T09:38:32.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20907" CreationDate="2020-01-09T13:39:46.313" Score="-7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Смотри, &quot;ботать по фене&quot; это вообще не &quot;по-русски&quot;, это одесские евреи привнесли свой &quot;суржик&quot; в русскую речь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я точные координаты не скажу, но где то тут:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaNjPAFD-UI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaNjPAFD-UI&lt;/a&gt; Русские евреи. Фильм первый. С предисловием Леонида Парфенова&#xA;Parfenon&#xA;1 year ago&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Или во втором фильме, или в третьем, Парфёнов очень складно объясняет происхождение множества блатных слов. Как например, &quot;Мусара&quot; - с Иврита &quot;Мосе`р&quot; - в переводе &quot;Осведомитель&quot;, т.е. стукач.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12966" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-09T23:26:54.540" LastActivityDate="2020-01-09T23:26:54.540" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21011" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15168" CreationDate="2020-01-09T21:30:38.403" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Благодарю&quot; means &quot;I express thanks&quot; while &quot;спасибо&quot; means &quot;I am glad&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is one can express thanks even if he is not really glad or for somebody else. This makes благодарю more formal and impersonal. &quot;Okay, I do not really feel glad, but you did it for me so I express thanks because of etiquette or whatever&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, one can use благодарю but not спасибо in a situation when&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Somebody did for you something you think you had right to anyway. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Somebody gave you a gift which you do not like.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;You express thanks for another person or a group. A head of state can thank for a gift or service to his country with благодарю but not with спасибо.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2020-01-09T21:30:38.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21012" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21013" CreationDate="2020-01-09T22:06:28.263" Score="7" ViewCount="974" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a way to describe the difference in meaning between инстина and правда? Is the difference more or less significant in colloquial speech, in comparison to more formal or legal writing? I often see правда translated to 'true' in the sense of 'really,' which seems softer or at least without the ontological weight that истина has as 'a truth.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11788" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-09T23:15:38.757" LastActivityDate="2020-05-07T07:41:55.043" Title="Difference between &quot;истина&quot; and &quot;правда&quot;?" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21012" CreationDate="2020-01-09T23:15:12.220" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Истина&quot;&lt;/a&gt; is of a higher register, is more pathetic (in its archaic sense of &quot;full of pathos.&quot; As was kindly pointed out to me in comments, &quot;pompous&quot; might be a better term) if you will (or just strict - when one is talking about Boolean operations, it's about &quot;истина&quot; and &quot;ложь&quot;, not about &quot;правда&quot; and &quot;неправда&quot;). It's something unarguably true, almost axiomatic. In another meaning, &quot;истина&quot; stands for something authentic, like in &quot;истинные патриоты&quot; (&quot;правдивые патриоты&quot; meaning those who don't lie). So in colloquial speech, they are not interchangeable in the overwhelming majority of cases, not to mention that one will hardly ever hear &quot;истина&quot; in colloquial speech. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You just cannot say &quot;я тебе истину говорю, я встречался с друзьями&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to delve deeper and grasp the difference on an ontological level, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.readkong.com/page/koncepty-pravda-i-istina-v-russkoy-kulturnoy-6115039?p=1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/a&gt; may be a good starting point. There are some nice examples of the use of &quot;правда&quot; and &quot;истина&quot; as quasi-synonyms cited in that article.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2020-01-23T01:58:29.123" LastActivityDate="2020-01-23T01:58:29.123" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21015" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-11T22:17:00.217" Score="0" ViewCount="342" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как правильно - наебну́лся или наёбнулся?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-11T23:44:23.440" LastActivityDate="2020-01-25T04:19:25.800" Title="Как правильно - &quot;наебну́лся&quot; или &quot;наёбнулся&quot;?" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;&lt;мат&gt;&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21015" CreationDate="2020-01-11T23:26:12.963" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Само это разделение на &quot;правильно&quot; и &quot;неправильно&quot; в данном случае попросту лишено смысла. Как правильно &quot;ёбнулся&quot; или &quot;ебанулся&quot; (сейчас придут и объяснят, что первое это &quot;сошёл с ума&quot;, а второе - стукнулся - ну или наоборот, но это не так)? Если вам нужен менее эпатажный пример, то как правильно &quot;вы правы&quot; с ударением на первый слог или на последний? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да так и так правильно, потому что по факту употребляется и та и та форма, если же говорить о частотности то по моему личному опыту &quot;ебану́лся&quot; услышать можно с большей вероятностью. Но субъективный опыт зачастую не отражает объективного положения дел. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Никаких хоть в какой-то степени &quot;регуляторных&quot; грамматических документов нет. Дитмар Эльяшевич Розенталь нам ничего не сказал. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну ещё я хотел привести релевантную цитату из Довлатова (ударения проставлены мной для удобства):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Прислали к нам сержанта из Москвы. Весьма интеллигентного юношу, сына&#xA;  писателя. Желая показаться завзятым вохровцем, он без конца матерился.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Раз он прикрикнул на какого-то зека:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Ты что, ебну́лся?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(Именно так поставив ударение.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Зек реагировал основательно:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— Гражданин сержант, вы не правы. Можно сказать — ёбнулся, ебанулся и&#xA;  наебну́лся. А ебну́лся — такого слова в русском литературном языке, уж&#xA;  извините, нет…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-11T23:43:45.560" LastActivityDate="2020-01-11T23:43:45.560" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21017" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20994" CreationDate="2020-01-12T00:30:09.840" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't understand why don't you just ask the teacher but whatever, I'm not trying to discourage you from asking questions here - it's just that teacher clearly knows better what was his/her reasoning. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway I want to say - it looks like your teacher is actually a very good teacher understanding all subtle nuances. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The error you've made is not grammatical but indeed rather stylistic. One indeed can say &quot;подсесть к печке&quot;, &quot;подсесть к окну&quot; etc but in your case however you've mentioned that everybody started to sit down. You've described a regular process of people get seating and the next sentence sort of assumed that you are involved in that process yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Сесть&quot; would be the most expected verb in this context. Compare following sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы все пошли усаживаться. Я села у стены.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы все пошли усаживаться. Было очень тесно, и я подсела к стене. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the thing is that for a native speaker &quot;подсесть к стене&quot; is associated with the act of seating right, directly next to the wall, leaning to the wall in a seating position, most likely on a floor. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="528" LastEditDate="2020-01-25T14:35:02.370" LastActivityDate="2020-01-25T14:35:02.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21018" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21019" CreationDate="2020-01-12T01:59:18.710" Score="1" ViewCount="238" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like to read a bible in Russian, and found out that there are many versions of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see that the most orthodox and traditional version is Synodal bible, but I've seen other versions as well like New Russian Translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder how much Synodal bible text is different from current spoken Russian. Would it be adequate and helpful for a Russian learner to try reading it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12425" LastActivityDate="2020-01-25T04:53:58.940" Title="How much is Synodal bible different from modern Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21018" CreationDate="2020-01-12T02:22:41.827" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not the best source to learn modern Russian in that sense that for obvious reasons one won't find any useful, relevant and colloquial phrases in Bible. This, however, actually holds true about the New Russian Translation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of how comprehensible is Synodal Bible - it's actually very understandable and native speaker won't find it too difficult to understand. But, once again, keep in mind - comprehensible and modern are two different thing. The lexicon is still archaic. Nobody says &quot;нарёк&quot; now but rather &quot;назвал&quot;, instead of &quot;убоялся&quot; you'll encounter rather &quot;испугался&quot;, nobody says &quot;вчера был в клубе, и познал одну горячую девицу&quot; etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So if somebody will thoroughly and systematically treat Synodal Bible as one and only source of learning Russian it won't be a tragedy however I'd rather recommend not to do it.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, to my knowledge, the main goal of New Translation Bible was to make it more precise - Synodal Bible is criticized by many in that aspect - rather than to use more modern language. The question whether this goal was achieved is out of scope of this Stack and one can ask at Christianity &lt;a href=&quot;https://christianity.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;SE&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can compare both translations by yourself: here's &lt;a href=&quot;https://bibleonline.ru/bible/nrt/gen-1/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the New one&lt;/a&gt;, here's the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.my-bible.info/biblio/biblija/bytie.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Synodal&lt;/a&gt; one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-12T02:30:43.880" LastActivityDate="2020-01-12T02:30:43.880" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21021" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-12T04:40:29.327" Score="0" ViewCount="118" Body="&lt;p&gt;The original sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Парк совсем не здесь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to wiktionary the part of speech for these words are like such&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Парк (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;noun&lt;/a&gt;) совсем (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;adverb&lt;/a&gt;) не (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B5#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;particle&lt;/a&gt;) здесь (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;adverb&lt;/a&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As seen above... there's no verb at all in this sentence but there are two adverbs. Why is this okay? And what other adverbs can I keep throwing into this sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6840" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T15:47:15.667" Title="What verbs are these adverbs modifying?" Tags="&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21021" CreationDate="2020-01-12T07:04:56.073" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Take the English equivalent :&quot;Park isn't here at all.&quot; You can clearly see that &quot;here&quot; modifies verb &quot;isn't&quot;. It's similar in Russian, but in russian verb &quot;to be&quot; is usually omitted in the present tense. (&quot;Роза красная.&quot; -- &quot;The rose is red.&quot;, compare to past tense, where verb &quot;to be&quot; (быть) isn't ommited: &quot;Роза была красной&quot; -- &quot;The rose was red&quot;)&#xA;So, &quot;здесь&quot; modifies verb, hich is ommited, but implied, while &quot;совсем&quot; adverb modifies &quot;здесь&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12981" LastActivityDate="2020-01-12T07:04:56.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21023" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-12T14:40:18.020" Score="3" ViewCount="56" Body="&lt;p&gt;While translating the sentence:&quot;what is your favorite animal?&quot; from English I would rather say in Russian: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Какое твоё любимое животное?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but it turned out that the correct translation is &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Какое у тебя любимое животное?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the logic and other cases wherein the use of possessive pronoun in English does not correspond to an equivalent use of the possessive pronoun in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1773" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-12T15:55:25.363" LastActivityDate="2020-01-12T15:55:25.363" Title="&quot;У тебя&quot; or &quot;твоё&quot;" Tags="&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;&lt;possessive-adjective&gt;&lt;possessive-pronoun&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2020-01-12T18:18:01.087" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21015" CreationDate="2020-01-13T12:11:26.700" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Несмотря на то, что обе формы без приставки &lt;code&gt;на&lt;/code&gt; существуют: &lt;code&gt;ёбнулся&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;ебану́лся&lt;/code&gt; (c буквой а), с приставкой &quot;правильной&quot; (общеупотребимой и не режущей слух) является только &lt;code&gt;наебну́лся&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9116" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T12:11:26.700" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21021" CreationDate="2020-01-13T15:47:15.667" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;From a typical definition of an &lt;em&gt;adverb&lt;/em&gt; one can see that a verb is not the only part of speech, potentially modified: &lt;em&gt;Adverb is a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an &lt;strong&gt;adjective&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;verb&lt;/strong&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;other adverb&lt;/strong&gt; or a &lt;strong&gt;word group&lt;/strong&gt;, expressing a relation of place, time, etc.&lt;/em&gt; So our case is not necessarily about modifying &lt;em&gt;two verbs&lt;/em&gt;; with some effort we can find only one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Парк [&lt;em&gt;находится&lt;/em&gt;] совсем не здесь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb &lt;strong&gt;находится&lt;/strong&gt; is omitted but is kept in mind, so let's try to create an analogy with a similar English version. The sentence allows for a grammatically close translation form, with the verb '&lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt;' replacing the omitted Russian verb:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The park &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; definitely not here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;не здесь&lt;/strong&gt; (=not here) is an &lt;em&gt;adverb&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;здесь&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;em&gt;местоименное наречие&lt;/em&gt; in Russian grammar) with a &lt;em&gt;negation particle&lt;/em&gt;, this pair of words expresses a &lt;em&gt;relation of place&lt;/em&gt; and modifies the omitted Russian verb (&lt;strong&gt;находится&lt;/strong&gt;, represented by '&lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt;' in English); the other adverb &lt;strong&gt;совсем&lt;/strong&gt; (definitely) doesn't modify a verb, it modifies the adverbial phrase &lt;strong&gt;не здесь&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;не здесь -&gt; совсем не здесь; not here -&gt; definitely not here&lt;/em&gt;) and expresses a relation of &lt;em&gt;degree&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, one adverb (&lt;strong&gt;совсем&lt;/strong&gt;) here modifies another one (&lt;strong&gt;не здесь&lt;/strong&gt;, adverbial phrase with negation) and defines &lt;em&gt;how much&lt;/em&gt; the latter one modifies the verb which is only &lt;em&gt;meant&lt;/em&gt; in Russian version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T15:47:15.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21026" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21012" CreationDate="2020-01-13T15:51:37.940" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;From my perspective &lt;code&gt;истина&lt;/code&gt; is an idea that came from the Bible and in meaning is very close to objective reality. Although the very word &lt;code&gt;objective&lt;/code&gt; is superfluous since the opposite of reality is falsehood, that is a lie. &lt;code&gt;Истина&lt;/code&gt;, I think, can also be understood as &lt;code&gt;Being&lt;/code&gt;. With &lt;code&gt;non-Being&lt;/code&gt; being an opposite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Правда&lt;/code&gt; is related with law as in Latin &lt;code&gt;juris&lt;/code&gt; (право). A &lt;code&gt;righteous&lt;/code&gt; (праведный) person in the Bible is someone who succeeds in following the God’s law. Hence &lt;code&gt;правда&lt;/code&gt; is about truthful (!) reflection of a mere fact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I feel that most people in Russia though wouldn't be able to explain this difference. When they start thinking about the diffence, they can’t define it. I suspect it’s the same in any country and all languages =) They are using these words intuitively and in my opinion according to the explanation I’ve given above. Sometimes these things are getting confused hence an odd idea that &lt;code&gt;правда&lt;/code&gt; is a very special word that can’t be translated into other languages. When someone says &lt;code&gt;это правда&lt;/code&gt; (this is true (!)) he states that he is not lying in his account of phenomena, and he would never say that what he is saying is &lt;code&gt;истина&lt;/code&gt; (noumena).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In mathematics or programming a word &lt;code&gt;истина&lt;/code&gt; is used because math is about absolute truths (!). So &lt;code&gt;истина&lt;/code&gt; is absolute and &lt;code&gt;правда&lt;/code&gt; is relative. There is a word &lt;code&gt;правдоруб&lt;/code&gt; (from &lt;code&gt;правда&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;рубить&lt;/code&gt; (to axe)). It is used to describe someone who operates facts to hurt people, using law as an axe, not caring about other’s feelings or about &lt;code&gt;истина&lt;/code&gt; (the truth (!)). The most important thing for such a man is to be &lt;code&gt;right&lt;/code&gt; by all costs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To conclude I’ll quote &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a Wikipedia article on truth&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;All Germanic languages besides English have introduced a terminological distinction between truth &quot;fidelity&quot; and truth &quot;factuality&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, basically, &lt;code&gt;истина&lt;/code&gt; is ‘fidelity’ and &lt;code&gt;правда&lt;/code&gt; is ‘factuality’.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I am from the continent it’s hard for me to imagine what’s happening in minds of English-speaking people and if there is such a distinction in English, and if there is how to express it in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5189" LastEditorUserId="5189" LastEditDate="2020-01-13T18:54:53.727" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T18:54:53.727" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21027" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21029" CreationDate="2020-01-13T16:14:32.037" Score="2" ViewCount="192" Body="&lt;p&gt;В песне группы Faun &amp;quot;Tanz mit mir&amp;quot; поётся:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ich schenk' dir ein nur wenn du tanzt mit mir,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wenn du tanzt mit mir, und zwar jetzt und hier&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ich schenk' dir ein nur wenn du tanzt mit mir,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ich will tanzen &lt;strong&gt;Leib an Leib&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наиболее близкий перевод слова Leib, который я смог найти -- &amp;quot;тело&amp;quot;, то есть, &amp;quot;Leib an Leib&amp;quot; значит буквально что-то вроде &amp;quot;тело к телу&amp;quot;. Значение последней строчки в этом четверостишии -- &amp;quot;Я хочу танцевать близко друг к другу&amp;quot;. В песне делаются прямые указания на возможную половую связь героев, например &amp;quot;Und später Schöne teil das Bett mit mir&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;А потом, красавица, раздели со мной постель&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выражение “плечом к плечу” имеет коннотацию борьбы с чем-то, повернувшись, всё-таки, друг от друга. “Спина к спине”, пожалуй, ещё хуже подходит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хотелось бы найти выражение, максимально подходящее по контексту. Оно должно означать &amp;quot;близко друг к другу&amp;quot;, в идеале упоминать какие-то части тела.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7544" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-01-14T12:32:45.563" Title="Поиск идиомы со значением &quot;близко к друг другу&quot;, &quot;телом к телу&quot;, в идеале с намёком на половую связь" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20993" CreationDate="2020-01-13T16:20:48.913" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there is a good word &lt;code&gt;изобличитель&lt;/code&gt;. In my opinion it suits perfectly. It has positive meaning for people who think that being a prophet gains a profit =) For people who think that unveiling someone’s guiltiness is a good thing to do. Some call Edward Snowden a hero, many others call him a traitor. Those who think he’s a hero can say he is &lt;code&gt;изобличитель преступлений американских спецслужб&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5189" LastEditorUserId="5189" LastEditDate="2020-01-13T16:29:58.273" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T16:29:58.273" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21027" CreationDate="2020-01-13T18:26:14.680" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Возможно, вам подойдут следующие выражения:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Приникнув к друг другу, прильнув к друг другу, слившись воедино, в одно целое.&#xA;Слившись воедино в танце.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T18:26:14.680" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21027" CreationDate="2020-01-13T20:01:14.727" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Прижавшись грудью к твоей груди&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;несет достаточно сексуального подтекста и довольно точно описывает танец в тесном контакте.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12019" LastActivityDate="2020-01-13T20:01:14.727" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21032" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21027" CreationDate="2020-01-14T12:32:45.563" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Плоть к плоти&quot;, &quot;Станцуем к плоти плоть&quot;, и т. д. И намек на &quot;плотское&quot; явный присутствует.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12747" LastActivityDate="2020-01-14T12:32:45.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21034" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15471" CreationDate="2020-01-15T13:55:49.560" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To my knowledge &quot;whole wheat floor&quot; is actually &quot;&lt;strong&gt;непросеянная (пшеничная) мука&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. According to the definition from &lt;a href=&quot;http://namnamra.com/ingredient/625-muka-neproseyannaya&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; site:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Непросеянная мука&lt;/strong&gt; или &lt;strong&gt;мука грубого помола&lt;/strong&gt; - это мука сделанная из&#xA;  цельных зерен. Чаще всего под непросеянной мукой подразумевают грубую&#xA;  пшеничную муку, но на самом деле её производят из любых видов злаковых&#xA;  культур. Характерной особенностью такой муки является темный цвет и&#xA;  большое содержание грубых частиц.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which is exactly what &quot;whole wheat floor&quot; is. &#xA;The other reason I think this is the right term is that whole wheat bread is called in Polish &lt;a href=&quot;https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chleb_razowy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Chleb razowy&quot;&lt;/a&gt; and it just happened that I now that this relates to &lt;code&gt;мука разового помола&lt;/code&gt; which the other term for &lt;code&gt;мука грубого помола&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also I want to add that the answer provided (&quot;обойная мука&quot;) does not contradict to my answer - it's just that as far as I know &quot;обойная мука&quot; is a kind of &quot;мука грубого помола&quot;, it's one of its varieties. Here's relevant &lt;a href=&quot;https://vchemraznica.ru/v-chem-raznica-mezhdu-obdirnoj-i-obojnoj-mukoj/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;quote&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это распространенный сорт, который представляет собой порошок &lt;strong&gt;самого&#xA;  грубого помола&lt;/strong&gt;. Зерно размалывают, иногда даже не просеивая, поэтому&#xA;  встречаются достаточно крупные частички до 700 мкм.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side-note - there's a difference &lt;a href=&quot;http://npg-belovodie.ru/content/view/58/31/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;between&lt;/a&gt; &quot;цельнозерновая мука&quot; and &quot;мука грубого помола&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-15T14:08:45.667" LastActivityDate="2020-01-15T14:08:45.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21035" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21012" CreationDate="2020-01-16T10:07:38.267" Score="0" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Истина - is an objective fact that is true.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Правда -  is a subjective message (spoken or written) that is considered to be true.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правда may be not истина, when person spoken  (or listening) belives in some false facts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2020-01-16T10:07:38.267" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21036" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21043" CreationDate="2020-01-18T19:34:59.357" Score="5" ViewCount="245" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the proper pronunciation of &lt;em&gt;цель&lt;/em&gt;? For context, my choir is working on a Russian piece, and the transliteration we have is inconsistent and unreliable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have been reading through &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/20548/Grayson_washington_0250E_10459.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Lyric Diction – A Practical Guide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (Grayson 2012), which has been an invaluable resource. Grayson writes in particular that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;[when -е- is] in the stressed position, when preceded by a palatalized consonant or by -ж-, -ш-, or -ц-, and followed by a palatalized phoneme,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;then it is pronounced /e/, similar to French é (pp. 106–107). A few examples from the guide to demonstrate the rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;жечь   /ʒetʃʲ/&#xA;шесть  /ʃesʲtʲ/  &#xA;целить /'tselʲitʲ/&#xA;&#xA;Compare to:&#xA;&#xA;шест   /ʃɛst/&#xA;целый  /'tsɛɫɨj/&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to this, I understand that &lt;em&gt;цель&lt;/em&gt; should be /tselʲ/, not /tsɛlʲ/. Wiktionary gives the latter pronunciation, however, on both the English and Russian pages for the word. On the other hand, the spoken example on Wiktionary sounds to me like the former.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have listened to a variety of &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.forvo.com/word/%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;spoken clips on forvo.com&lt;/a&gt;, and it sounds like the vowel varies between /e/ and /ɛ/.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've also looked through Stack Exchange, but haven't found anything addressing this rule. On the contrary, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/11028/6903&quot;&gt;this answer&lt;/a&gt; claims that there is only one sound for stressed -е-, namely /ɛ/, and specifically gives &lt;em&gt;жечь&lt;/em&gt; (/ʒɛtʃʲ/) as an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So is this a matter of regional dialect? Is Grayson's guide accurate, insofar as it describes &quot;standard&quot;, formal pronunciation? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6903" LastEditorUserId="6903" LastEditDate="2020-01-18T19:49:41.473" LastActivityDate="2020-12-08T18:40:36.970" Title="Pronunciation of цель (and stressed -е- as /e/ in general)" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21037" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21036" CreationDate="2020-01-18T22:31:49.227" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's closer to [tsɛlʲ] in the sense that the majority of speakers would rather say it with &lt;code&gt;ɛ&lt;/code&gt;, however, /e/, /ɛ/ (and /ə/) sound to the majority of native speakers almost indistinguishable when pronounced fast enough, so I wouldn't put that much of an effort into trying to be exact - when the choir is singing, most likely nobody will notice. I recommend that you check out the answers to this &lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/304334/could-you-clarify-e-and-%C9%9B&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; as well - though it's about English, some answers actually give a hint as to why they can easily be confused. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2020-01-23T01:41:49.170" LastActivityDate="2020-01-23T01:41:49.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21038" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21041" CreationDate="2020-01-18T22:58:01.800" Score="2" ViewCount="109" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Третий сидящий за столом - доминиканец...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is: do I need a comma after &quot;третий&quot;? There could be 2 variants of interpretation of the sentence's structure:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Третий&quot; is a subject and &quot;сидящий за столом&quot; is participial clause, there is a need for comma&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Сидящий за столом&quot; is the subject, &quot;третий&quot; is an attributive adjective, no need for a comma&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which case here is then correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13005" LastActivityDate="2020-01-19T14:19:06.117" Title="Comma in the sentence with a dash with adjective as a subject" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21036" CreationDate="2020-01-18T23:07:52.250" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just as many other languages, Spanish and Japanese included, Russian does not distinguish [ɛ] and [e] phonemically. Both sounds are allophones of one phoneme, /e/. The standard pronunciation of Russian letters Е and Э in the stressed position is [ɛ]. When followed by [i], the sound tends to drift towards [e]:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;эта ['ɛtə] цель [t͡sɛlʲ]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;эти ['eti] цели [t͡selʲi]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The эта/эти example is from &lt;em&gt;Panov M.V. Russkaya fonetika, Moscow, 1967&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My advice: don't sweat it. First, most Russians won't hear the difference and second, you're bound to make much graver mistakes anyway. ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-01-22T14:48:13.690" LastActivityDate="2020-01-22T14:48:13.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21012" CreationDate="2020-01-19T11:41:09.200" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;В английском слове &quot;the truth&quot; есть два аспекта. Они отражены двумя разными словами русского языка.&#xA;Истина — то, что есть на самом деле. Корень слова — &quot;тот самый&quot;, &quot;настоящий&quot;.&#xA;Правда — то, как правильно думать и делать.&#xA;Оба слова используются в самых разных регистрах.&#xA;По умолчанию лучше использовать слово &quot;правда&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эти значения накладываются на разные реалии русского языка и порождают огромное количество разных примеров. Приводить их все было излишне — наверное, ответ на ваш вопрос может занять целую книгу. Приведу вот какой: &quot;истинная дочь&quot; — это та, которая дочь на самом деле, а не только на словах. А &quot;праведная дочь&quot; — это дочь, которая делает всё правильно, всё как подобает. Это словосочетание может появиться только в высоком регистре. Немножко похожее слово &quot;правдивая дочь&quot; — это дочь, которая говорит всегда правду… То есть говорит то, что и надо думать об обсуждаемом предмете (англ. the truth).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: дополнительные примеры здесь - &lt;a href=&quot;https://french.stackexchange.com/questions/30249/&quot;&gt;https://french.stackexchange.com/questions/30249/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8357" LastEditorUserId="8357" LastEditDate="2020-01-23T10:35:10.213" LastActivityDate="2020-01-23T10:35:10.213" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21041" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21038" CreationDate="2020-01-19T14:19:06.117" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Третий сидящий за столом - доминиканец (Сидящий за столом is a subject)&#xA;Третий, сидящий за столом, - доминиканец ( Третий is a subject)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Our famous linguist Rosental says that both sentences are correct and valid, the sentence is not unique. Such cases occur when there is a possibility of substantivization of an attribute,both subjects being substantivized.&#xA;He gives another example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вон тот средний играет лучше других &#xA;(тот - определение, средний - субстантивированное прилагательное subject)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вон тот, средний, играет лучше других &#xA;(тот- субстантивированное местоимение subject,средний - определение)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;paragraf 92&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-01-19T14:19:06.117" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21043" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21036" CreationDate="2020-01-19T15:38:42.393" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I live in a Moscow region all my life. I have tried pronouncing the words you provided and analyzed my pronunciation. To be short, I completely agree with Mr Grayson's approach and your conclusion that 'цель' should be /tselʲ/, not /tsɛlʲ/. The latter is just impossible to pronounce.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5189" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-12-05T20:03:50.730" LastActivityDate="2020-12-05T20:03:50.730" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21044" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21052" CreationDate="2020-01-19T15:45:11.597" Score="2" ViewCount="288" Body="&lt;p&gt;Going through some review on verbs of motion in Поехали II, page 40, was the following exercise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я не умею водить машину и не могу ______ из гаража.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So noting that it seemed a one-time, completed action (that could not be done), I thought &lt;code&gt;determinate/concrete imperfective&lt;/code&gt;. Assuming (из) the car was in the garage, the completed unidirectional action would have been to remove it, so the &lt;code&gt;prefix&lt;/code&gt; was &lt;code&gt;вы&lt;/code&gt;. Therefore I chose the &lt;code&gt;perfectivized indeterminate perfective: выехать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was discussing this with a Russian who gave the following example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Нельзя въезжать на территорию завода.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it wasn't clear why, in this quite similar situation of not being able to enter (not exit) a space (garage [small tangible], factory area [large abstract] - I mean here the distinction between, say, в комнате vs. на арене), the prefixed verb chosen was from the imperfective ездить. (I understand aspect pretty well I think haha, but verified my beliefs using &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/8549/aspect-vs-direction-of-verbs-of-motion&quot;&gt;Aspect vs. direction of verbs of motion&lt;/a&gt; )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this one of those 'it just is' things?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="6545" LastEditDate="2020-01-21T01:16:27.983" LastActivityDate="2020-01-24T08:29:30.100" Title="Why &quot;не могу выехать из гаража&quot; but &quot;нельзя выезжать с территории завода&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21045" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21050" CreationDate="2020-01-21T07:01:45.723" Score="6" ViewCount="696" Body="&lt;p&gt;Curious as to what the Russians think about Japanese cars, I did some research and saw an &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rbc.ru/society/26/12/2013/56bfbaa99a7947299f72d78f&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; with the following title:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не престижа ради, а токмо драйва для&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I knew that &lt;strong&gt;ради&lt;/strong&gt; is an exceptional preposition that can jump to after the object (e.g., &amp;quot;подайте Христа ради&amp;quot;), but was shocked to see &lt;strong&gt;для&lt;/strong&gt; being used likewise. My world is shattered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It turns out that Russians indeed used to talk like that, at least in the good old times of Peter the Great:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Того для&lt;/strong&gt; велите нынѣ вылить 300 пушек ... (from &lt;em&gt;Дѣяния Петра Великаго, Мудраго Преобразителя России&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Указ Синоду: «По делам следующимся в канцелярии Вышняго суда игумен Варлаам Овсянников и дьякон Чюркин явились в немалых преступлениях, по некоторым приличились они к розыску, &lt;strong&gt;того для&lt;/strong&gt; велите с них священство и монашество снять» (&lt;a href=&quot;https://spb.hse.ru/humart/history/peter/biochronic/248448010&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А.Д.Меншикову письмо, пошедшему вперед: «Понеже здесь снег выпал немалой и не безопасно, чтоб не захватили морозы, &lt;strong&gt;того для&lt;/strong&gt; велите примечать, ежели сверху по реке пойдет лед или сало, то с того ведомость пришли к нам на встречю немедленно» (&lt;a href=&quot;https://spb.hse.ru/humart/history/peter/biochronic/228771804&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Того для&lt;/strong&gt; велите ему оную мызу отдать вмѣсто недоданнаго его жалованья до указу нашего безъ аренды. Екатерина. Изъ С.-Петербурга, въ 6 день марта 1726 года. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F._%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC_4_(1883).djvu/203&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question: How do people see moving prepositions like &lt;strong&gt;для&lt;/strong&gt; to after the object in modern Russian? Is it considered grammatically wrong, just old-fashioned, or perfectly normal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-01-28T22:24:59.097" Title="Moving a preposition to after the object" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21046" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21048" CreationDate="2020-01-21T07:08:00.653" Score="1" ViewCount="387" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently came across the famous Soviet-era translation by Dina Orlovskaya of &lt;em&gt;Jabberwocky&lt;/em&gt; by Lewis Carroll, which is a part of a sequel to &lt;em&gt;Alice's Adventures in Wonderland&lt;/em&gt;, and that translation starts with the following lines:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Варкалось. Хливкие шорьки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пырялись по наве,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И хрюкотали зелюки,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как мюмзики в мове.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a kind of impressionist poetry, but I can't get rid of the feeling that the above translation makes a strong implication that the verse is about using drugs. For instance, &lt;strong&gt;пыряться&lt;/strong&gt;, as Wiktionary &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;says&lt;/a&gt;, means &lt;em&gt;to inject drugs to oneself&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;По наве&lt;/strong&gt; sounds similar to &lt;strong&gt;по вене&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;to a vein&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;strong&gt;Шорьки&lt;/strong&gt; sounds similar to &lt;strong&gt;торчки&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;drug addicts&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;strong&gt;Хрюкотали&lt;/strong&gt; seems to be a mixture of &lt;strong&gt;хрюкали&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;хохотали&lt;/strong&gt;, natural reactions to drugs. &lt;strong&gt;Зелюки&lt;/strong&gt; appears to be derived from &lt;strong&gt;зелье&lt;/strong&gt;, which can mean a drug. And the whole verse looks as if it were written under the influence of drugs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am curious as to whether I am right in my feeling or whether my imagination is too wild, and I am perplexed as to how such apparently obvious implications of using drugs could pass Soviet censorship and be printed for kids.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question: How do native Russian speakers perceive this famous Soviet-era translation of Lewis Carroll's &lt;em&gt;Jabberwocky&lt;/em&gt; to their language?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T10:09:13.990" Title="Does the famous Russian translation of Jabberwocky by Lewis Carroll imply using drugs?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21045" CreationDate="2020-01-21T09:18:29.473" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian moving &lt;strong&gt;для&lt;/strong&gt; to after the object is a sign of that speaking person wants to make her speech more archaic intentionally. It is not normal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13013" LastActivityDate="2020-01-21T09:18:29.473" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21046" CreationDate="2020-01-21T10:08:02.507" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would assume that &quot;drugonauts&quot; would definitely see those allusion there, but they would see allusions almost in any text anyway. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;could pass Soviet censorship &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The said translation has started in 1966 - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.vekperevoda.com/1900/dorlovskaja.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.vekperevoda.com/1900/dorlovskaja.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Back then those words almost definitely did not have those allusions.&#xA;I wonder if all of them even existed in that specific sense back then, even among the addicts themselves. While &quot;stream something down the vein&quot; expression should probably exist at least since hippie times (which probably itself only came in 1970-s to USSR) - inside the hippie subculture, not mainstream - i am very reserved about other words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While it is possible that artists here and there sneaked &quot;double meaning&quot; kind of jokes in lyrics and even in architecture (statues, etc), it is equally possible that we are finding things only because we want to, &quot;свинья грязи найдёт&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The much more obvious example would be &quot;Голубой щенок&quot; cartoon: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZIHQDRByNw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZIHQDRByNw&lt;/a&gt; with lyrics that as of today definitely alludes to &quot;No one wants to relate to me because i am gay&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not sure whether the same allusion worked on adults in then USSR, but i think that kids definitely saw &quot;light blue&quot; as just a colour with no extra meanings associated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which moves us back to the censorship issue. If children do not see the real or alleged reference - should there something be done about it at all? Why? The censorship objective goal is to prevent message, and subjective - as for any worker - is to avoid punishment by superiors. Cancelling the alleged hint to the audience that would not read it anyway lacks both goals. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One more example can be 1979 &quot;Летучий Корабль&quot; cartoon: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2CettOH7qSM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2CettOH7qSM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My parents told me that was a clear mocking of Soviet самодеятельность &quot;mass culture&quot; - state vetted attempts to organize people's creativity, so they would entertain each other in non-political ways, instead of getting bored or getting interested in politics, especially in small towns which the building alluded to,  хрущовка-style as they saw it. Well, i did not see a thing there in it but a funny non-sense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now social criticism would probably be feared by Soviet censorship much more than marginal crime of drugs abuse, so if something should had been banned - it would be such a cartoon first, and Carrol far later.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now to your specific list, as i &lt;em&gt;personally&lt;/em&gt; feel about it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пыряться, as Wiktionary says, means to inject drugs to oneself. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say пырять or better пырнуть would refer to make a rough cut with a knife, mostly during some backstabbing or drunk bloody fight. From this point, making badly-aimed holes in one's vein with trembling hands can be seen as пыряться. But i would not see this verb as a go to word talking about drug injections. I would start with ширяться, then упарываться. If anything, пыряться has much more of allusion to the knife crime for me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;По наве sounds similar to по вене (to a vein). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just, no. And especially as we have some huge numbers of those animals in the rhymes. They do not share ONE common vein do they?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Шорьки sounds similar to торчки (drug addicts). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Хрюкотали seems to be a mixture of хрюкали and хохотали, natural reactions to drugs. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It definitely can be this mixture. But i do think this &quot;natural reaction&quot; is neither what kids of Brezhnev-time USSR would see as &quot;most usually caused by drugs&quot; and nothing else, nor that drugs mostly cause this not any other reaction (there are many drugs with vastly different effects).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And personally i do not feel &quot;хохотали&quot; in this.&#xA;It more hints at &quot;repetitive bursts&quot; kind of activity in my perception, like in &quot;сверчки стрекотали&quot;, &quot;реготали&quot;, &quot;хлопотали&quot; even.&#xA;Short repeatition like dozen sounds, then silence, then another repetition, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Зелюки appears to be derived from зелье,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, especially since the former stresses the last syllable when the latter stresses the first one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one takes a quest to hear similarities, then my choice would go for &quot;селюки&quot; (of &quot;село&quot; - south-russian kind of village) - a mildly deragorary term for peasants, kind of &quot;rednecks&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally this &quot;revelation&quot; you brought here itself sound like a joke. Take any neutral text and by explicitly obsessive interpretation force it to &quot;denote&quot; some specific and marginal thing, turn it into a an obviously &quot;up to eleven&quot; secret message. There is that kind of jokes and perhaps you just read one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9058" LastEditorUserId="9058" LastEditDate="2020-02-27T08:57:30.783" LastActivityDate="2020-02-27T08:57:30.783" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21046" CreationDate="2020-01-21T11:59:21.373" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Absolutely not.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It absolutely does not imply drug usage and this is a classic example of overthinking without prior thorough research.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;There is canonical explanation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Dina Orlovskaya&lt;/a&gt;, the translator (and in this particular case I'd rather call her co-author) of Lewis Carroll's lyrics based her translation on Lewis Carroll's original explanation of the words he used. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here's this explanation&lt;/a&gt; (with some additional context provided):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Позже Кэрролл использовал это четверостишье как пролог к своей балладе&#xA;  «Бармаглот», приведённой в книге «Алиса в Зазеркалье» (сама баллада&#xA;  написана преимущественно «обычными» словами с вкраплением малопонятных&#xA;  слов, в которых, однако, угадываются староанглийские корни, имеет&#xA;  сюжет и понимается без «перевода»). В той же книге он поместил (от&#xA;  лица одного из персонажей, Шалтая-Болтая) пояснение к первой строфе&#xA;  (перевод Д. Г. Орловской):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;варкалось&lt;/strong&gt; — восемь часов вечера, когда уже пора варить ужин, но в то&#xA;  же время уже немножечко смеркалось (в другом переводе четыре часа&#xA;  пополудни) - originally &quot;twas bryllyg&quot;;  &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;хливкий&lt;/strong&gt; — хлипкий и ловкий - originally &quot;slithy&quot;; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;шорёк&lt;/strong&gt; — помесь хорька (в&#xA;  оригинале — барсука), ящерицы и штопора - originally &quot;tove&quot;; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;пыряться&lt;/strong&gt; — весело прыгать,&#xA;  нырять, вертеться - originally &quot;gyre&quot;; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;нава&lt;/strong&gt; — трава под солнечными часами (простирается&#xA;  немного направо, немного налево и немного назад) - originally &quot;wabe&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;хрюкотать&lt;/strong&gt; — хрюкать&#xA;  и хохотать (вариант — летать) (in the original &quot;chortle&quot; - by the was this words as a coined neologism &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chortle&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;entered&lt;/a&gt; the English vocabulary); &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;зелюк&lt;/strong&gt; — зелёный индюк (в оригинале —&#xA;  зелёная свинья) - originally &quot;rath&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;мюмзик&lt;/strong&gt; — птица; перья у неё растрёпаны и торчат во&#xA;  все стороны, как веник - originally &quot;mimsy&quot;, but keep in mind that in English article &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabberwocky&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;other explanation&lt;/a&gt; is given; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;мова́&lt;/strong&gt; — далеко от дома (Шалтай-Болтай&#xA;  признаётся, что сам в этом не уверен).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see from the descriptions, the translator just tried to come up with closest words that sort of make sense and match with the descriptions. So &quot;варкалось&quot; is similar to &quot;смеркалось&quot;, &quot;шорёк&quot; sounds pretty much like &quot;хорёк&quot; and so on and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my personal opinion by the way, the Dina Orlovskaya did tremendously good job here, she managed to convey what English speaker feels when reads this gibberish verses but only for a Russian speaker. For instance, &quot;Twas bryllyg&quot; sounds exactly like it's about some period of the day, and &quot;варкалось&quot; feels exactly the same. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one is interested to know more on the issue I would recommend &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lib.ru/CARROLL/carrol0_10.txt&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the book&lt;/a&gt; &quot;О переводе сказок Кэрролла&quot; written by Orlovskaya's co-author, Demurova. One would be surprised how many effort was put by Orlovskaya (who is mentioned a lot in the book) to make translation as authentic as possible. By the way, first time it was published not in USSR but in Bulgaria. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Russian drug-related jargon was likely not developed up to that point&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other thing to consider is that all that slang that we are now associate with drug-consuming (like &quot;сторчаться&quot;, &quot;торчок&quot;, &quot;ширяться&quot; etc.) was likely developed slightly later - the translation was completed in 1967 while we can hardly talk about drug-consuming as a noticeable cultural and social phenomena in USSR till the seventies. And in seventies we are talking about very marginal and initially quite non-numerous groups like soviet hippies etc. In fact, I would be very surprised if Dina Orlovskaya was aware of any drug-related slang at all.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-21T17:52:07.767" LastActivityDate="2020-01-21T17:52:07.767" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21050" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21045" CreationDate="2020-01-21T14:08:28.167" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, placing &lt;strong&gt;для&lt;/strong&gt; after the noun does sound archaic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не престижа ради, а токмо драйва для&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The author of this piece obviously went for a comic effect by intertwining recent loanwords (престиж, драйв) with archaic vocabulary  (токмо, ... для).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase seems to be modelled after a quote from Ilf &amp;amp; Petrov's &lt;em&gt;The Twelve Chairs&lt;/em&gt; (1928):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Не корысти ради, -- затянул отец Федор, поднявшись и отойдя на три шага от драцены. -- А токмо во исполнение воли больной жены.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other prepositions which can be used as postpositions without sounding archaic: час спустя, заре навстречу, etc. See the Wikipedia article &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Послелог&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-01-21T14:59:45.487" LastActivityDate="2020-01-21T14:59:45.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21045" CreationDate="2020-01-21T15:25:11.853" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As pointed in other answers, using &lt;em&gt;для&lt;/em&gt; after the subject makes the speaker sound archaic (intentionally or otherwise).  Yet it's worth noting that in your first example word &lt;em&gt;для&lt;/em&gt; can be replace with &lt;em&gt;ради&lt;/em&gt;, which you already accepts as being the exception (compare with &lt;em&gt;Не престижа ради, а токмо драйва ради&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You wouldn't put &lt;em&gt;для&lt;/em&gt; after the subject in a sentence like &lt;em&gt;мне это нужно для работы&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;мне это нужно работы для&lt;/em&gt; is completely wrong).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, from a grammatical point of view, you can place &lt;em&gt;для&lt;/em&gt; after the subject in cases where &lt;em&gt;для&lt;/em&gt; can be replaced with &lt;em&gt;ради&lt;/em&gt; without changing the meaning of the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="97" LastActivityDate="2020-01-21T15:25:11.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21044" CreationDate="2020-01-21T19:44:15.217" Score="5" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я не могу выехать из гаража - &quot;I can't drive out of the garage&quot; (Right now, for any reason).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я не могу выезжать из гаража - same &quot;I can't drive out of the garage&quot; (But generally, either because driving ability is a little limited, or this is not allowed).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Нельзя въехать на территорию завода - &quot;Can't drive into the plant territory&quot; (Right now, likely because the road is blocked for some reason).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Нельзя въезжать на территорию завода - &quot;Driving into the plant territory is not allowed&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2020-01-21T19:44:15.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21053" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21054" CreationDate="2020-01-24T04:12:58.180" Score="2" ViewCount="275" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the best way to translate these?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тоже мне!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тоже мне герой.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тоже мне новость.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13019" LastActivityDate="2020-01-25T04:01:02.990" Title="What does &quot;тоже мне&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2020-01-24T15:08:23.430" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21054" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21053" CreationDate="2020-01-24T08:14:20.390" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an expression that conveys not being impressed at the slightest. You're just saying that you're completely unimpressed by something or someone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;So what?&quot; &quot;And?&quot; &quot;Big deal!&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (with a really unimpressed intonation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It basically says what in English is normally conveyed by simply saying &quot;meh...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Such hero...&quot;, &quot;Real hero here!&quot;, &quot;Wow, what a man.&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (all very sarcastic).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;What a surprise!&quot;, &quot;No way, really?&quot;&lt;/em&gt; (sarcastically). Or simply &lt;em&gt;&quot;It's old news&quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="10749" LastEditDate="2020-01-25T04:01:02.990" LastActivityDate="2020-01-25T04:01:02.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21055" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21044" CreationDate="2020-01-24T08:29:30.100" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To complement the aforesaid I would proffer some more readings of your initial pattern.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Я не умею водить машину и не могу выехать из гаража&quot; can be interpreted both in the perfect and imperfect aspect, i.e.:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.1. &quot;Я не умею водить машину и (up to now/so far-до сих пор/по сей день) не могу выехать из гаража&quot; - recurrent actions in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.2. &quot;Я не умею водить машину и (always-всегда) не могу выехать из гаража&quot;, i.e. &quot;I've always been unable to do it by myself (without someone to help me&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1.3. &quot;Я не умею водить машину и (right now-прямо сейчас) не могу выехать из гаража&quot; (&quot;Is there anyone to stretch out a helping hand to me?&quot; or &quot;That is why, you see, I may have to go on a bus&quot;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Я не умею водить машину и не могу выезжать из гаража&quot;, i.e. &quot;in general&quot;. Here we can have either lack of the ability/possibility or prohibition.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2020-01-24T08:29:30.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21056" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21053" CreationDate="2020-01-24T09:32:13.160" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nothing new! My ass! &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;Hero&quot;, Way to be a hero, A fat lot of heroism you are!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Now there’s a surprise, You're about a century late, The Dutch have taken Holland!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2020-01-24T09:32:13.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21059" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21018" CreationDate="2020-01-25T04:45:05.740" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you want to visit some sermons in Russian churches (regardless of denominations) and understand what those guys talk about, it'll help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise - no. The text is 150 years old. You'll increase your vocabulary of course, but it'll be a very specific kind of vocabulary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd say it can be interesting if you are on a pretty advanced level of Russian. But not if you are a beginner or even an intermediate learner. A modern translation can be surely better, as some additional reading, like any reading that you do, learning a foreign language. So it won't really hurt if you read some parts, but surely it won't have much to do with an everyday Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same way if I study English and read something from King James Bible. ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastEditorUserId="5694" LastEditDate="2020-01-25T04:53:58.940" LastActivityDate="2020-01-25T04:53:58.940" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21061" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-25T23:16:03.087" Score="1" ViewCount="294" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example: &#xA;Girlfriend: Hello, love! &#xA;Boyfriend: Hello! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English it doesn't change if you're talking to a guy or a girl, but I've noticed some words might change in Russian if you're talking to a guy or a girl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13021" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-26T20:24:07.003" LastActivityDate="2020-03-03T17:50:53.270" Title="Using &quot;love&quot; to address someone" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21062" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21061" CreationDate="2020-01-25T23:44:04.457" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this context the word &quot;love&quot; could be translated as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;любимый (to a guy)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  любимая (to a girl)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And &quot;Hello, love!&quot; to a guy is translated as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет, любимый!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3680" LastActivityDate="2020-01-25T23:44:04.457" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21064" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-01-26T05:06:44.373" Score="3" ViewCount="482" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you say &quot;Boyfriend&quot; and &quot;My boyfriend&quot; in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13021" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2020-01-26T11:02:12.940" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T11:10:21.070" Title="How do you say &quot;Boyfriend&quot; and &quot;My boyfriend&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21064" CreationDate="2020-01-26T05:56:21.940" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;Boyfriend&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; Mostly it will says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Парень&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;like young boy or a man in american meaning.&#xA;And &quot;My boyfriend&quot; will end up with just adding a &lt;code&gt;my&lt;/code&gt; at the beginning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мой парень&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13022" LastActivityDate="2020-01-26T05:56:21.940" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21064" CreationDate="2020-01-26T06:21:08.143" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Часто так и говорят: бойфренд, мой бойфренд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2020-01-26T06:21:08.143" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21064" CreationDate="2020-01-26T07:27:47.587" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Girls usually like phrase &quot;Молодой человек&quot; which means &quot;Young man&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13024" LastActivityDate="2020-01-26T07:27:47.587" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21069" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21070" CreationDate="2020-01-26T15:23:46.823" Score="3" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a text, used for educational purposes, were the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Каждый ученик получил по красному карандашу.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on the context, I could translate this into &lt;em&gt;&quot;Each student received a red pencil&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. Is the translation correct? The bothering thing here is the part &lt;strong&gt;по красному карандашу&lt;/strong&gt; - which could indicate a lot of different things, as &lt;em&gt;по&lt;/em&gt; has vast variety of applications. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I see it, the sentence could just be written as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Каждый ученик получил красный карандаш&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: Does this kind form (&lt;strong&gt;по + dative&lt;/strong&gt;) in this kind of context also convey some other information? Why is it used and what is the grammar behind this kind of usage?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8961" LastEditorUserId="8961" LastEditDate="2020-01-27T12:30:07.423" LastActivityDate="2020-01-27T12:30:07.423" Title="The usage of &quot;по&quot; in distributive expression" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21069" CreationDate="2020-01-26T17:09:52.600" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;По here conveys a similar meaning as &quot;each&quot; would in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every student received a red pencil.&#xA;Vs&#xA;Every student received a red pencil each.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although it's pretty obvious here that each student got their own pencil, especially with the &quot;Каждый&quot; construction, instead of &quot;Все ученики..&quot;, where it could possibly be interpreted that all students collectively received a single red pencil, it's more of a stylistic choice that conveys unambiguously that each student got one red pencil each.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This construction can also be used in the case of multiples, like по два карандаша, по пятнадцать карандашей, etc. (Two each, fifteen each)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2020-01-26T17:09:52.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21061" CreationDate="2020-01-26T20:23:22.880" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;English &quot;love&quot; can be used in a wider set of scenarios compared to the &quot;любимый&quot; mentioned in an answer provided. &quot;Любимый&quot; is for somebody very closely-related, a wife, a lover, a child may be, well, may be a woman can tell it to her close friend. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian word &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;дорогой&quot;&lt;/a&gt; (&quot;дорогая&quot; in feminine) is the other word one might look for when trying to transmit English &quot;love&quot; in this context. It's more neutral yet applicable if one might want to express an extreme level of sympathy. See also &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/19736/why-do-russians-call-their-women-expensive-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8F/19744&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; question answers to which give a nice summary of what else can be used, like &lt;code&gt;милый&lt;/code&gt;(&lt;code&gt;милая&lt;/code&gt; in feminine). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2020-01-26T23:58:01.863" LastActivityDate="2020-01-26T23:58:01.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21072" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21069" CreationDate="2020-01-27T09:24:37.033" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to add to the answer given (which is 100% correct) - &quot;по&quot; is insanely productive preposition in Russian and it is used in a wide variety of scenarios. &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D0%BF%D0%BE&amp;amp;all=x&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here one can find&lt;/a&gt; dozens of examples of different usages and this list is still incomplete because there are some &lt;a href=&quot;http://filolingvia.com/publ/73-1-0-1333&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;other colloquial usages&lt;/a&gt; (&quot;заседать по газу&quot;, &quot;по любому&quot;) and even obscene phrases like &quot;пошёл по пизде&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Being back to this particular usage - there are some scenarios when you just can not omit &quot;по&quot; because it won't be even disambiguation but rather a sentence with slightly different meaning. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тесты гоняются 20 минут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Тесты гоняются по 20 минут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First is about the fact that tests are running for 20 minutes. May be it's always the case, may be it's just only about this run. Second sentence is about the fact that it takes 20 minutes to run tests each time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or consider following example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ученикам на выполнение контрольной дали 20 минут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Участникам школьных дебатов дали по 20 минут.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First sentence here states that all pupils were given 20 minutes, second is about the fact that every student has 20 minutes to prepare.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-27T10:31:22.410" LastActivityDate="2020-01-27T10:31:22.410" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21074" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21064" CreationDate="2020-01-27T12:46:49.167" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Мой молодой человек» or «мой парень». The last version is mostly common, especially in everyday speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13027" LastActivityDate="2020-01-27T12:46:49.167" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21076" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21045" CreationDate="2020-01-28T22:24:59.097" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;An addition to the previous answers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The formula itself is originated from an ancient &quot;meme&quot; whose authorship is uncertain (but widely attributed to Peter the Great):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не пьянства окаянного ради, а токмо пользы для.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I can remember, Peter's aphorisms gained specific popularity and became &quot;memes&quot; in the mid-1980s, giving birth to an extremely huge number of titles like the one you cite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13032" LastActivityDate="2020-01-28T22:24:59.097" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21061" CreationDate="2020-01-30T08:12:18.553" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Любимый sounds very intimate. It is better to use a neutral style - Милый, милая addressing somebody.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-01-30T08:12:18.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21061" CreationDate="2020-01-30T16:09:13.233" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;'Love' is not necessarily about addressing a girlfriend. Here's about its British usage towards &lt;em&gt;strangers&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/199609/can-i-help-you-love-love-as-a-form-of-address-is-it-used-regionally-to-talk&quot;&gt;https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/199609/can-i-help-you-love-love-as-a-form-of-address-is-it-used-regionally-to-talk&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I can remember, in the famous 'Blowup' movie that form of address was used there towards a girl just working in the same photo studio (a co-worker). In Russian, such form might sound like something between &lt;em&gt;красавица&lt;/em&gt; and (not as nice) &lt;em&gt;дорогуша&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2020-01-30T16:09:13.233" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21079" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20907" CreationDate="2020-01-30T16:42:21.350" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;В правилах русского языка явно присутствуют правила написания дефисов в наречиях&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Через дефис пишутся наречия: &#xA;1. с приставкой кое- и суффиксами -то, -либо, -нибудь : &#xA;      кое-где, где-то, куда-либо, откуда-нибудь;   &#xA;&#xA;2. имеющие приставку по- и оканчивающиеся на   -ому (-ему), -ки, -ьи :   &#xA;      по-иному, по-моему, разделить по-братски, по-волчьи выть;   &#xA;&#xA;3. образованные от порядковых числительных, имеющие приставку в- (во-) и суффикс -ых (-их) :   &#xA;      во-первых,   в-третьих;   &#xA;&#xA;4. образованные повторением того же самого слова или той же основы: &#xA;      дышать еле-еле, всего-навсего, мало-помалу, нежданно-негаданно, точь-в-точь.   &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;по-русски&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;по-английски&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;по-китайски&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;по-человечески&lt;/em&gt; и прочие попадают под второе правило и собственно потому так и пишутся. Ботать по фене не попадает ни под одно из правил, кроме того является жаргоном, что в может в принципе делать его исключением из правил (но не в этом случае).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1769" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-30T16:46:28.520" LastActivityDate="2020-01-30T16:46:28.520" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21080" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21081" CreationDate="2020-01-30T18:30:16.250" Score="5" ViewCount="280" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's compare three verbs and their first person singular forms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;нести - несу&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;везти - везу&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вести - ве&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;у&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a particular reason why, in вести, the с turned into д ? Is there any intuitive reason (for ex. spelling rules) why this would happen, or would it be considered an irregular verb?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10965" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-30T20:36:57.337" LastActivityDate="2020-02-12T14:44:24.900" Title="Why &quot;вести&quot; but &quot;веду&quot;" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;спряжение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21080" CreationDate="2020-01-30T19:57:30.533" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's not irregular but all you can do is just to memoize such cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While the &lt;code&gt;ст&lt;/code&gt; -&gt; &lt;code&gt;т&lt;/code&gt; happens in some verbs like &quot;плести&quot;/ &quot;плету&quot;, &quot;цвести&quot;/&quot;цвету&quot;, &quot;мести&quot;/&quot;мету&quot; for instance, a change to &lt;code&gt;д&lt;/code&gt; is not that rare as well, check out for instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;блюсти / блюду&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;брести / бреду&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;красть / краду&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;прясть / пряду&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's not something exotic. Here's a small explanation I borrowed from &lt;a href=&quot;https://translate.google.com/#view=home&amp;amp;op=translate&amp;amp;sl=de&amp;amp;tl=en&amp;amp;text=der%20Infinitiv%20l%C3%A4%C3%9Ft%20das%20nicht%20erkennen%2C%20da%20nach%20SLavischen%20Lautgesetzen%20%D0%B4%2C%20%D1%82%20vor%20%22%D1%82%22%20zu%20c%20wurden&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; book:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Bh0E8.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Bh0E8.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Der Infinitiv läßt das nicht erkennen, da nach slavischen Lautgesetzen д, т vor &quot;т&quot; zu c wurden&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, in my free translation - the infinitive doesn't indicate this because, due to Slavic sound law &lt;code&gt;д&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;т&lt;/code&gt; before &lt;code&gt;т&lt;/code&gt; became &lt;code&gt;c&lt;/code&gt;, so &quot;вести&quot; was initially &quot;ведти&quot; and what you've found are the traces of that old spelling.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is, by the way, the case in all examples mentioned above. If you take a closer look you'll see that 'красть' was derived &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;from&lt;/a&gt; &quot;*kro-d-&quot; stem, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;блюсти&lt;/a&gt;&quot; can be traced to Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ-, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;брести&quot;&lt;/a&gt; is from &quot; *bʰredʰ-.&quot; and &quot;прясть&quot; we &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.endic.ru/rusethy/Prjast-3426.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;got from&lt;/a&gt; &quot;*prędti&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The scientific term for this changes is &quot;the assibilation of dental stops&quot;. The last thing I want to add that this happens very likely in Pre-Slavic since Slavic languages share such similarities with Baltic languages. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-30T23:02:46.020" LastActivityDate="2020-01-30T23:02:46.020" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21082" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21080" CreationDate="2020-01-31T09:05:18.603" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is because of the rule already in Proto-Indo-European: if a word had a root ending in -d- or -dh- and a suffix starting with -t-, then an -s- sound would be inserted in between. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, the PIE had roots e̯es- &quot;to be&quot; and &quot;e̯ed-&quot; &quot;to eat&quot;, they had forms &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯edsti&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;eats&quot; and &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;e̯esti&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;is&quot;, which both gave the coinciding Russian form &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;есть&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;везти&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; comes from u̯eĝh- &quot;convey&quot;, with -ĝh- after Slavic sound changes becoming -з- and appearing in all forms with this root while &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;вести&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; comes from PIE u̯edh- which when combined with suffix starting with -t- would have -s- inserted, but not in other cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, if there was no fusion, it would be ведсти, not вести.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2020-01-31T09:11:05.147" LastActivityDate="2020-01-31T09:11:05.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21083" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21084" CreationDate="2020-01-31T11:23:01.550" Score="14" ViewCount="1300" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why Russian is usually said to have only six cases, while most Slavic languages have seven? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The missing one - the vocative (звательный падеж) - is however clearly present, at least in the colloquial forms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Маша → Маш&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Зина → Зин&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Дима → Дим&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9788" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-31T12:55:24.023" LastActivityDate="2020-01-31T12:55:24.023" Title="Can we call forms like &quot;Зин&quot;, &quot;Дим&quot;, &quot;мам&quot;, &quot;пап&quot; vocative case?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;slavic&gt;&lt;vocative&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21083" CreationDate="2020-01-31T11:54:57.167" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;The new vocative has nothing to do with the old vocative (whose forms would've been &lt;em&gt;*Маше, *Зино&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;*Димо,&lt;/em&gt; indistinguishable by ear from the nominative but probably reflected in writing).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we are to count all such case-like forms limited to a single paradigm and/or context, we'd end up with quite a few: partitive (&lt;strong&gt;чашка чаю&lt;/strong&gt; vs. &lt;strong&gt;вкус чая&lt;/strong&gt;), locative (&lt;strong&gt;вороны что-то ищут в снегу&lt;/strong&gt; vs. &lt;strong&gt;художники что-то ищут в снеге&lt;/strong&gt;), and... essive? (&lt;strong&gt;произвести в генералы&lt;/strong&gt; vs. &lt;strong&gt;верить в своих генералов&lt;/strong&gt;) — of which at least the first two have origins in older Slavic declension paradigms, which is more than one can say for the new vocative. So if for the sake of the argument, we count these not-quite-cases as well, then Russian has, not seven, but at least ten cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if we don't elevate any of those others to case status, it would be random to give the new vocative a special place just because Russian used to have a vocative in the past. It was a different vocative, and outside of &lt;strong&gt;боже, господи, отче,&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;старче,&lt;/strong&gt; Russian has well and truly lost it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2020-01-31T11:54:57.167" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21083" CreationDate="2020-01-31T12:42:04.080" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;I totally agree with the answer Nikolay provided, I just want to add one other important points made by opponents of calling this new forms vocative case, &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/forum/veche/118213/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here's a quote&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Основное различие – с существительными в новой звательной форме, в&#xA;  отличие от звательного падежа в древнерусском и других славянских&#xA;  языках («Боже правый»), невозможно согласовать определение. Нельзя&#xA;  сказать «любимый пап» или «дорогая баб». &lt;strong&gt;По этой причине новая&#xA;  звательная форма падежом считаться не может&lt;/strong&gt;. Ещё одна тенденция&#xA;  обособленного употребления новой звательной формы – несочетаемость&#xA;  имён в новой звательной формы в качестве однородных членов,&#xA;  соединённых союзом: «Маня и Вася! Домой обедать!» или «Мань! Вась!&#xA;  Домой обедать!», но не «Мань и Вась! Домой обедать!».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, not only this new form is not applicable to arbitrary word (even if we limit our choice with animate nouns - actually, even if we limit our choice with names only!) but it can not be incorporated to regular grammar structures: you can not use adjective with this form - &quot;Отче всемогущий&quot; is a valid example of old vocative, &quot;всемогущий пап&quot; is impossible form of neovocative; you can not combine them etc.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-01-31T12:50:39.900" LastActivityDate="2020-01-31T12:50:39.900" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21086" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6975" CreationDate="2020-01-31T21:03:23.027" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;When we say she has an attitude or he has an attitude it's always negative (negative behaviour)  or (acting bad)  for example &quot; every time we get on the bus she starts to get an attitude,  damn man, immediately she starts bitching about the life,  blaming me for not giving her a good life&quot; so I would say in Russian language it would be &quot;плохое поведение&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13042" LastActivityDate="2020-01-31T21:03:23.027" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21087" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21088" CreationDate="2020-02-01T02:32:37.390" Score="3" ViewCount="209" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can &lt;code&gt;интересно&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;интересовать/ся&lt;/code&gt; be used interchangeably, or do they have a somewhat different meanings? I know that these are different words and that &lt;code&gt;интересовать&lt;/code&gt; is a verb, so I am asking specifically about usage here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, can &lt;code&gt;вам интересен&lt;/code&gt; be used in the same way as &lt;code&gt;вы интересуетесь&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11788" LastActivityDate="2020-02-04T13:06:36.970" Title="Difference between интересно / интересовать?" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21088" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21087" CreationDate="2020-02-01T04:39:02.030" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;интересоваться&lt;/code&gt;, being a verb implies active action on the part of the subject and being imperfective implies some history of being actively interested in something. &lt;code&gt;интересно&lt;/code&gt; is a passive construction and so may mean just a momentary curiosity (though it doesn't exclude active interest).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the words mean an object of curiosity, &lt;code&gt;вам интересен .. ?&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;is it interesting to you&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;вы интересуетесь&lt;/code&gt; means something like &lt;code&gt;do you have a hobby/professional interest&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the meaning is that of 'benefit', you would ask &lt;code&gt;вам интересен&lt;/code&gt; if you're offering a deal to an unsuspecting customer (i.e. hoping to incite an interest) and &lt;code&gt;вы интересуетесь&lt;/code&gt; is what e.g. a sales assistant in a shop would ask, seeing that the customer is already in active search for something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;code&gt;вам интересен&lt;/code&gt; is asking about the person's reaction to the (grammatical) subject and &lt;code&gt;вы интересуетесь&lt;/code&gt; is asking about the person's objects of interest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9372" LastEditorUserId="9372" LastEditDate="2020-02-01T04:50:50.350" LastActivityDate="2020-02-01T04:50:50.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21089" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21087" CreationDate="2020-02-01T04:48:06.167" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is pretty much the same as between English &quot;to be interested (in)&quot; and &quot;to take interest in&quot;: the latter implies active effort in learning new things about the object of interest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ему интересно рисование&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;he's interested in drawing&quot;. When there's Bob Ross' show on TV, he stays tuned, and when he's bored, he can sketch a cat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он интересуется рисованием&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;he takes interest in drawing&quot;. He's taking online courses, doing research and spending his time improving his drawing technique. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-02-01T04:48:06.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21090" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4245" CreationDate="2020-02-01T16:59:07.257" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Метр&lt;/strong&gt; can be read as [mʲetr] 'metre' or [mɛtr] to mean 'master', &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ma%C3%AEtre#French&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;maître&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Around the 1990s, they &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80#%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80_III&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;changed&lt;/a&gt; the spelling for 'master' to &lt;strong&gt;мэтр&lt;/strong&gt; to avoid the ambiguity, while &lt;strong&gt;метрдотель&lt;/strong&gt; is still spelled with a soft &lt;strong&gt;e&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-02-01T16:59:07.257" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21087" CreationDate="2020-02-01T22:09:31.650" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In reality these both words are interchangeable. It almost  entirely depends on the idea you want to add up to the conversation in terms of the situation being implied. Он интересуется теннисом (фотографией)/Ему интересен теннис (интересна фотография) - He may either watch broadcasts on tennis (photography) or take up, practice tennis (photography) or manage tennis cups (photo  exhibitions). Он интересуется акциями (выпуском акций)/Ему интересны акции (интересен выпуск акций) - He can read about shares (share issuance) as well as trade shares (issue shares). Он интересуется рыбой/Ему интересна рыба-either of these variants can allude to his being interested in cooking or trading or breeding fish or even studying ihtiology. In some cases you will need to use an adjunct to avoid ambiguity: Он интересуется только деревообработкой/Ему интересна только деревообработка - the situation in focus can refer both to his being in the wood-working business or studying the issues of the processing of wood or he may even teach this as a subject at the institute. For example, you are speaking of your friend who works in a woodworking enterprise to some other person and he asks: &quot;What job is your friend doing there, is he managing selling timber?&quot;, you may answer: &quot;Он интересуется только деревообработкой/Ему интересна только деревообработка&quot; (He interests himself only in the processing of wood/It is only wood-processing which interests him). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="12275" LastEditDate="2020-02-04T13:06:36.970" LastActivityDate="2020-02-04T13:06:36.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21092" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21096" CreationDate="2020-02-01T23:47:31.823" Score="2" ViewCount="165" Body="&lt;p&gt;Two examples from Duolingo:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;У этого автора большой опыт.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;У бабушки много опыта.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why do I have to use &lt;em&gt;большой&lt;/em&gt; in one case, but &lt;em&gt;много&lt;/em&gt; in the other, when I want to express &quot;a lot of experience&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I decide which one to use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How about other qualifiers, such as &lt;em&gt;немного&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;мало&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there other nouns where these qualifiers change like that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10892" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-02-02T20:10:27.583" LastActivityDate="2020-02-02T20:10:27.583" Title="Qualifying опыт: when to use &quot;много&quot;, when &quot;большой&quot;?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21092" CreationDate="2020-02-02T00:12:25.927" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, any language have some language of redundancy - the same thing can be said this way or another. In English we can say &quot;He is highly experienced&quot; or something like &quot;he has a lot of experience&quot;, when we say &quot;большой&quot; we mean that level of something is high, when we say &quot;много&quot; we indicate that quantity of something is large. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's, pretty much, it - in this particular context they are completely interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-02-02T00:12:25.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21094" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21092" CreationDate="2020-02-02T05:01:48.520" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to add some words to the previous opinion that I share, about немного и мало. Немного means &quot;some&quot; or &quot;a little&quot;, a small quantity, whereas мало is &quot;little&quot;,&quot;few&quot;, lacking quantity, not enough.&#xA;I think it is just an addition to the first part, and there is no need to separate them.&#xA;У этого авторА- misprint.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-02-02T05:01:48.520" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21095" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21092" CreationDate="2020-02-02T10:06:41.313" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to add something, you can also say - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;У этого авторa много опыта.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;У бабушки большой опыт.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both are legit and have the same meaning as yours. So you don't really need to decide between &quot;много&quot; and &quot;большой&quot; in this case.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some situations where you need to choose specific word e.g&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У меня большая машина - I have a large car.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У меня много машин - I have lots of cars. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say that &quot;большая&quot;, &quot;маленькая&quot;, etc are mostly used when you describe the size of something, and you're not trying to count it. Whereas &quot;много&quot; &quot;мало&quot; &quot;немного&quot; &quot;несколько&quot; indicate the number of things you're talking about. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5399" LastActivityDate="2020-02-02T10:06:41.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21092" CreationDate="2020-02-02T11:23:26.407" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Большой&lt;/em&gt; is an adjective, &lt;em&gt;много&lt;/em&gt; is an adverb. In the first sentence you describe the experience itself (big, large, great). In the second sentence you describe &lt;em&gt;how much&lt;/em&gt; of experience (a lot of, a great amount of).  It works the same as in any other language. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2020-02-02T11:23:26.407" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21097" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21098" CreationDate="2020-02-02T11:50:53.153" Score="4" ViewCount="395" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a recent essay of mine, I accidentally mixed up the grammatical cases in an idiom. Namely, I wrote:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;овчинки выделка не стоит&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most common variant of this idiom is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;овчинка выделки не стоит&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My teacher marked my variant as a mistake and reduced my mark accordingly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But did I really make a mistake? Doesn't my variant make sense? In English, you can say it in both ways:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) The reward isn't worth the effort. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.inc.com/amy-morin/5-times-mentally-strong-people-give-themselves-permission-to-quit.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Example&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) The effort isn't worth the reward. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Passcode/Passcode-Voices/2015/0804/Opinion-Retaliation-against-China-is-the-wrong-reaction-to-OPM-hack&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Example&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, Google &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;returns&lt;/a&gt; a few dozens of results with my variant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before I confront my teacher with this, I need to be sure that I am right, so I am humbly asking native speakers to share what they have to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T10:59:35.633" Title="Is it a mistake to say, &quot;Oвчинки выделка не стоит&quot;(sic!)?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21098" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21097" CreationDate="2020-02-02T12:25:32.653" Score="7" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;овчинка выделки не стоит&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case it's an idiom (we're not talking about an actual sheepskin here) and idioms are much more static than normal sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, it does sound like a mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same as in English, you could say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Награда не стоит усилий. OR:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Усилия не стоят награды. OR EVEN:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Усилия и награда не стоят друг друга / несопоставимы.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to mean the same thing: 'the effort is worth MORE than the reward'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;BUT none of these sentences are idioms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's the thing about idioms - they have to be reproduced exactly, even when they no longer support the current grammar: притча в&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; языц&lt;strong&gt;ех&lt;/strong&gt;, не зная брод&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;... Otherwise they sound like an error or, at best, a pun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English example: you would barely say 'Have you any wool?' unless you were singing &lt;em&gt;Baa Baa Black Sheep&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-02-03T10:15:20.407" LastActivityDate="2020-02-03T10:15:20.407" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21099" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21097" CreationDate="2020-02-02T12:30:56.227" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The set phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Овчинка выделки не стоит&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;literally means &lt;em&gt;[This] sheep's skin isn't worth processing&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meanwhile:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Oвчинки выделка не стоит&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;translates as &lt;em&gt;[This] processing isn't worth sheep's skin&lt;/em&gt;, which is strange.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7547" LastActivityDate="2020-02-02T12:30:56.227" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21097" CreationDate="2020-02-02T14:07:20.490" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, as others say, it is an idiom. When someone hears or reads the phrase, their brain automatically parses it as the idiom they know, and does not notice the different endings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, for me your variant while grammatically correct, would have a different meaning. The usual variant would mean &quot;the subject is worthless&quot; while your version would mean &quot;the processing effort is too much&quot;. But as I already said, as this is an idiom, the most speakers would not notice that you modified the expression or would think this is a typo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also want to highlight that in certain interpretation your version can be seen as meaning something the opposite: the processing effort is so little that it even does not worth a sheep skin, if the sheep skin is meant to be not the subject of the work (on which the processing is done), but rather some small unit of value (and the subject of processing is omitted). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This may be understood so in circumstances where sheep skin is used as a currency, for instance. You can substitute here &quot;копейка&quot;, so to get &quot;копейки выделка не стоит&quot; to mean the processing is very cheap.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English you have a distinction between&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The processing does not worth &lt;strong&gt;the&lt;/strong&gt; sheep skin (skin is the subject of&#xA;  processing)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The processing does not worth &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; sheep skin (skin is the unit of value)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since Russian lacks articles, you can interpret this the both ways.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you use the idiom the standard way, the ambiguity disappears.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2020-02-02T14:50:06.787" LastActivityDate="2020-02-02T14:50:06.787" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21101" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21097" CreationDate="2020-02-02T18:54:28.003" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, you can say this in both ways. The meaning of this really does not change and the listener will understand you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, here we are talking about an established expression that sounds like “овчинка выделки не стоит”. So if this counts as an error, it is only because you incorrectly quoted the proverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13054" LastActivityDate="2020-02-02T18:54:28.003" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21104" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21105" CreationDate="2020-02-03T08:50:04.790" Score="3" ViewCount="1133" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question is about the use of the Chinese city name Wuhan, specifically, whether it should be declined as masculine or feminine:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ухан - в Ухане - из Ухана OR Ухань - в Ухани - из Ухани&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The feminine form is suggested by many official and/or authoritive Russian language sources, such as, e.g., &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia in Russian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the same time, as the name of the city became popularized due to the new coronavirus outbreak, it is frequently used as masculine, e.g., &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dw.com/ru/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%B2-%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5/a-52206824&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Deutsche Welle&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.interfax.ru/world/693695&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Interfax&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://iz.ru/971401/2020-02-02/gospital-dlia-bolnykh-koronavirusom-postroili-v-ukhane-za-10-dnei&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Izvestia&lt;/a&gt;. This is likely due to the fact that much of information about the coronavirus comes through non-Russian language channels, where the name of the city is pronounced with hard &quot;н&quot;, so Russian speakers tend to perceive is as masculine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although prescriptivism would suggest using the standard feminine form, modern western approaches to language tend to base the standard forms on those actually in use, rather than the other way around. In Russian there are many recent examples of such non-standard forms becoming standard (or at least generally acceptable), particularly after the collapse of the USSR: e.g., &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;франчайзинг/франшиза&lt;/a&gt;. One may thus prefer the form that is actually in use to the one that is considered correct by the purists, but unknown/unnatural to most interlocutors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am looking for the opinions and recommendations on the use of the name Wuhan in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I kindly ask the moderators not to close this question prematurely: the issue seems to be far from being resolved and is of urgent interest to the broad community of Russian speakers, not merely the language specialists.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9788" LastActivityDate="2020-02-05T00:13:35.320" Title="Wuhan: masculine, feminine, or either?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;род&gt;&lt;toponyms&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21105" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21104" CreationDate="2020-02-03T14:23:27.437" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most sources I could find consider &lt;em&gt;Ухань&lt;/em&gt; (sic) a masculine word: &lt;em&gt;от Уханя, к Уханю&lt;/em&gt; etc.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://bigenc.ru/geography/text/4703766&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;БРЭ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://litresp.com/chitat/ru/%D0%91/bse-bse/boljshaya-sovetskaya-enciklopediya-uh/3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;БСЭ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://endic.ru/enc_geo/Uhan-1476.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Географическая энциклопедия&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, but there are some that consider it feminine:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?ag=x&amp;amp;word=%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Словарь собственных имён русского языка&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I should notice that Wikipedia is not an authoritative source: anyone can edit it and put any nonsense they like into the articles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the time of this writing, Russian Wikipedia's article &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C&amp;amp;oldid=104928371&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;reads&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Топоним &lt;em&gt;Ухань&lt;/em&gt; в русском языке мужского рода и склоняется по второму типу, как и все без исключения китайские топонимы. Примеры: &lt;em&gt;Тайвань, Шаолинь, Шеньчжэнь&lt;/em&gt; и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a debatable statement, as names like &lt;em&gt;(провинция) Юньнань&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;(площадь) Тяньаньмэнь&lt;/em&gt; are more often than not used as feminine. I'm only citing it here as an example why Wikipedia should not be relied upon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, let me quote a 1964's &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.orientalstudies.ru/rus/images/pdf/journals/SNV_03_1964_07_shprintsin.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; on the matter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Широкое использование китайских слов в связном русском тексте и, следовательно, употребление их в формах косвенных падежей имело своим следствием, в частности, и то, что выявилось не привлекавшее к себе до этого внимания различие в склонении китайских имен собственных, оканчивающихся в русском транскрипционном написании на &lt;em&gt;-нь&lt;/em&gt;. Естественно было при этом задуматься над тем, нужно ли унифицировать склонение подобных слов и какую из двух форм (женский род, III склонение и мужской род, I склонение) следует принять за&#xA;  единую и стандартную.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так, в 1959 г. в журнале «Дружба» (&lt;em&gt;Q: published in China&lt;/em&gt;) транскрибируемые китайские слова, оканчивающиеся на &lt;em&gt;-нь&lt;/em&gt;, систематически стали писать в формах косвенных падежей III склонения, т. е. как имена существительные женского рода. Примеры: &lt;em&gt;Дорогами Цзинганьшани (№ 21); Зимы на Дабашани морозные (№ 29); От города Жуйцзини (№ 26); Вся Аньшань залита розовым светом зари (№ 43)&lt;/em&gt; и т. п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Выбор формы женского рода в качестве стандартной, единой определялся, надо полагать, тем, что в русском языке к женскому роду (III склонение) принадлежит значительное число географических названий, оканчивающихся на &lt;em&gt;-нь&lt;/em&gt;, например, названия городов (&lt;em&gt;Рязань,&#xA;  Казань, Астрахань, Любань&lt;/em&gt;), рек (&lt;em&gt;Кубань, Аргунь, Тюмень&lt;/em&gt;). Характерно, что название столицы Армении, относимое прежде (&lt;em&gt;Эривань&lt;/em&gt;) к женскому роду, перешло после ее переименования (&lt;em&gt;Ереван&lt;/em&gt;) в разряд существительных мужского рода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Очевидно, что унификация правописания подобных слов невозможна и что правило, определяющее грамматический род и правописание китайских географических названий с конечным &lt;em&gt;-нь&lt;/em&gt;, должно быть не универсальным для этих слов, а дифференцированным в зависимости от грамматического рода административного или географического объекта, имеющего данное китайское название. Так, названия городов, уездов, островов, горных хребтов, проливов следует склонять как имена существительные мужского рода, а названия провинций, деревень, рек — как слова женского рода.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the closest thing to an expert opinion on the matter I could find online.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, your question is not new.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now let's forget all this for a moment and think about how do the usage patterns emerge in real life:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is a coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wuhan gets mentioned in the media hundreds and thousands times as often as before the outbreak&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most of the journalists have probably never even heard the name before. They have never had a chance to think about its declension. But now they have a practical need to use the name in a text.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;They have a deadline to meet. Most of them have more pressing issues to deal with than doing the grammar research. They just rely on their sense of the language and the yield of the search engines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;At first, some of them use the word in masculine, others in feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The form which has the most Google hits, becomes prevalent in the media, because of the positive feedback.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Years later, a grammarian does their research. Most mentions of Wuhan are about the coronavirus outbreak, and they use the form which had become prevalent during the outbreak. They mark it as an &quot;established norm&quot;. It might even contradict the general advice, because the less infamous cities would not have an &quot;established norm&quot; by then.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yet some time later, something notorious happens in Xian (&lt;em&gt;Сиань&lt;/em&gt;) or Xiamen (&lt;em&gt;Сямынь&lt;/em&gt;) or another boring place in &lt;em&gt;-нь&lt;/em&gt; none had ever written about before. Rinse, repeat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that even if there is some kind of obscure reference document out there, it would have no effect on real world usage if the word in question suddenly became a celebrity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a tipping point, mostly random, after which all the logic and prescriptions just don't work anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I can judge, we're past this tipping point, and &lt;em&gt;Ухань&lt;/em&gt; is now effectively masculine in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-02-05T00:13:35.320" LastActivityDate="2020-02-05T00:13:35.320" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21106" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21097" CreationDate="2020-02-03T19:20:18.383" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yes and no&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is a mistake to make changes to a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phraseme&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Phraseme&lt;/a&gt; and still expect people to take its original meaning. However, I'd like to focus on the fact that this particular phrase is a phraseme, and not an Idiom. An idiom can't be explained by the meaning of its components, whereas both the original phrase (&quot;овчинка выделки не стоит&quot;) and your variant (&quot;овчинки выделка не стоит&quot;) can be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By modifying a phraseme, you can highlight reader's attention to the subtle differences in meaning that this change can create. Changed phrase can even get a living on its on, like the memorable &quot;Вот где собака порылась&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in your case I don't think that you tried to be funny or clever. You didn't seem to draw any attention to your subtle modification. Even if you did, I can understand that your teacher may not appreciate this kind of cleverness, and flag it as an unequivocal mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2020-02-03T19:20:18.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21107" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-04T05:49:16.713" Score="1" ViewCount="121" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've tried versions like &quot;retaining the unstressed “o” and “a”&quot; and it seems to be wrong. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13062" LastActivityDate="2020-02-04T05:49:16.713" Title="How to translate &quot;окающие и акающие, секающие и шекающие&quot; correctly into English language?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2020-02-04T08:38:04.737" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21108" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-05T05:11:14.510" Score="5" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;p&gt;Когда мы приехали в город, половина магазинов (не работала,работали, работало).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which variant sounds more natural to your ear? Because I believe that more than one is correct&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-09-06T21:31:25.087" LastActivityDate="2020-09-06T21:31:25.087" Title="Subject and Predicate Agreement with &quot; Половина&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21109" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21111" CreationDate="2020-02-05T06:30:20.863" Score="3" ViewCount="171" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подбирала синонимы и нашла эти необычные формы прилагательных. Интересно, давно ли они появились и откуда. В каком контексте лучше употреблять?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-02-05T17:05:11.007" Title="Скрежет зубовный и мука мученская . Необычные формы прилагательных" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21108" CreationDate="2020-02-05T14:24:49.950" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Грамматически верно &quot;не работала&quot; и &quot;работала&quot;, так как относится к &quot;половине&quot; но в речи встречается и остальные вариации, где &quot;работали&quot;, &quot;работало&quot;. Лично по мне, &quot;работали&quot; и &quot;не работали&quot; звучат наименее гладко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12747" LastActivityDate="2020-02-05T14:24:49.950" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21109" CreationDate="2020-02-05T15:01:20.117" Score="8" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Скрежет зубовный&quot; из некоторых переводов Библии (Новый Завет, Евангелие от Матфея, 8:12):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;SYN&#xA;а сыны царства извержены будут во тьму внешнюю: там будет плач и скрежет зубов.  &#xA;NRT&#xA;Сыны же Царства будут выброшены вон, во тьму, где будет плач и скрежет зубов.  &#xA;BTI&#xA;А те, кто должен был наследовать Царство, низвергнуты будут во тьму, где будет плач и скрежет зубовный.  &#xA;ERV&#xA;А те, кому следовало войти в Царство, будут ввергнуты во тьму бесконечную, и будет там плач и скрежет зубов от нестерпимой боли».  &#xA;RBO&#xA;А те, кому было предназначено Царство, будут изгнаны вон, во тьму, где будет плач и зубовный скрежет.  &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://bible-teka.com/vs/40/8/12/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Источник&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Церковно-славянский текст:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nEzE7.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/nEzE7.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.my-bible.info/biblio/bib_tsek/ev_matf.html#g8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Источник&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Употребляется иносказательно: о гневе, досаде, раздражении; о слепой и бессильной ярости (ирон.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что касается выражения &lt;em&gt;мука мученская&lt;/em&gt; (иногда через дефис), словарь Ушакова упоминает его с пометкой (прост.):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;МУЧЕНСКИЙ, мученская, мученское. Только в выражении: мука мученская (прост.) -  &gt; очень сильная мука, тяжелые хлопоты. «Эти люди совсем занапрасно терпят &lt;strong&gt;муку&#xA;  мученскую&lt;/strong&gt; от своего начальства.»&#xA;  Салтыков-Щедрин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://rus-yaz.niv.ru/doc/dictionary-ushakov/fc/slovar-204-16.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Источник&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Также встречается у Достоевского, Аверченко, Бажова, Булгакова и других. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://kartaslov.ru/%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8/%D1%81%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC/%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Цитаты&lt;/a&gt;).  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мука мученская&lt;/em&gt; - один из примеров &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Плеоназма&lt;/a&gt;, как и &lt;em&gt;тьма-тьмущая&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;день-деньской&lt;/em&gt; и т.п.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2020-02-05T17:05:11.007" LastActivityDate="2020-02-05T17:05:11.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21112" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21113" CreationDate="2020-02-05T15:42:18.847" Score="6" ViewCount="327" Body="&lt;p&gt;What are the differences between these two words? Is автострада just the same thing, but less used? Or do they have different meanings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13068" LastActivityDate="2020-03-19T09:43:01.080" Title="Difference between шоссе and автострада?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21112" CreationDate="2020-02-05T16:45:39.817" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Шоссе is a paved highway outside of built-up areas or generally any paved road with several lanes outside a city&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Автострада is a controlled-access highway that doesn't have single-level interchanges or crossings with other roads.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, there is also магистраль (автомагистраль) for arterial thoroughfare in urban areas or road that connects two or more urban areas. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11568" LastActivityDate="2020-02-05T16:45:39.817" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21112" CreationDate="2020-02-06T00:37:02.350" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Шоссе&lt;/em&gt; is a major atrterial road, whether in a city or (more typical) between cities. Equivalent to &lt;em&gt;highway&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Автострада&lt;/em&gt; is a slightly dated word (was more popular in the 60-70s) of Italian origin for what is officially known as автомагистраль. Equivalent to &lt;em&gt;freeway&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;motorway&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, colloquially it is common to use шоссе generically for any major road, even if it's formally an автомагистраль. Perhaps because it's a shorter word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2020-02-06T00:37:02.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21115" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-06T09:47:46.070" Score="4" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;p&gt;First time posting here, so excuse me in case of bad formatting. I have come across several cases where either singular or plural is used and it sounded very counterintuitive to me. Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Прошло&lt;/code&gt; десять лет с момента появления в России первых трансгенных культур. (why not пришли?)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Для покраски трубы тепловой электростанции &lt;code&gt;потребуется&lt;/code&gt; восемь тысяч килограммов краски (why not потребуются?)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Нашей футбольной команде до чемпионского титула &lt;code&gt;осталось&lt;/code&gt; пять шагов. (Why not остались?)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that what follows from this is that genitive plural is matched with a singular neuter verb ending. However:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Раздался выстрел, и несколько диких уток &lt;code&gt;поднялись&lt;/code&gt; над озером (why not поднялось?)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, two more cases I found and don't understand the difference of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На нашем факультете многие из девушек интересуются футболом.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;На нашем факультете многих девушек интересует футбол.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would greatly appreciate any explanations or tips. Thanks!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12686" LastActivityDate="2020-02-19T12:17:52.877" Title="Matching verbs with quantitative words and phrases" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21116" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21115" CreationDate="2020-02-06T19:17:11.343" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, these are impersonates that are very common in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although, one can use also a &quot;direct&quot; form, but an impersonate is often preferred if the subject isn't a real &quot;doer&quot; of the action. Like &quot;the steps&quot; or &quot;the kilos&quot; (cf. &quot;It takes ...&quot; in a possible English translation). However, &quot;the ducks&quot; do fly, so an impersonate there sounds weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it's not a strict rule. So &quot;the years&quot; may pass quite okay, as such idiom is pretty much common. Hence both &quot;прошло десять лет&quot; and &quot;прошли десять лет&quot; are in use. The difference is rather stylistic (cf. &quot;it's ten years after&quot; vs. &quot;ten years passed&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So think it like this: if in English you'd rather use &quot;it&quot; (or add some other &quot;missing&quot; subject) then it's impersonate in Russian; and it's direct if not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2020-02-06T19:17:11.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21117" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-06T20:11:59.850" Score="1" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;Does anyone have a link to an official Russian or American/UK (government) source of some charts/tables that standardize transliteration of Cyrillic (Russian in particular) letters to Roman (English) letters?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13072" LastActivityDate="2020-02-06T20:11:59.850" Title="Any official (government) sources for standardized tables or charts for English-to-Russian transliteration?" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2020-02-06T22:01:42.880" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21115" CreationDate="2020-02-06T20:19:42.423" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, the predicate for complex subject (meaning aggregate of multiple subjects) may have either grammatical agreement (singular) or semantic agreement (plural). That is determined by meaning of subject and context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, grammatical agreement is chosen for subject meaning a single whole. And vice versa, if subject is meant as composite semantic agreement is chosen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Particularly, measure of distance, capacity or time duration (as in your first three examples) regards as single subject. Therefore verbs are singular: &lt;code&gt;прошло&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;потребуется&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;осталось&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In next example, ducks go up one by one so subject consist of more then one individual subjects. Therefore verb is plural: &lt;code&gt;поднялись&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, in your last question (about girls and football), there isn't fundamental difference. But, depending on sentence composition, semantic accent shifts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In first sentence, active voice is used and so the subject &lt;code&gt;many girls&lt;/code&gt; are accentuate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In second sentence, peculiar analogue of passive voice is used and so the object &lt;code&gt;football&lt;/code&gt; is accentuate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13073" LastActivityDate="2020-02-06T20:19:42.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21119" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21115" CreationDate="2020-02-07T11:40:33.227" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The preferable (or mandatory for a context) choice depends on the prevalent meaning, focus of the message: whether it is about '&lt;strong&gt;how many&lt;/strong&gt;' (the verb is matched with the &lt;em&gt;quantitative word&lt;/em&gt; only) or about e. g. '&lt;strong&gt;which ten years&lt;/strong&gt;' (the verb is matched with the &lt;em&gt;subject&lt;/em&gt;  - a noun, combined with the quantitative word).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;em&gt;Прошл&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; десять лет&lt;/em&gt; с момента переселения в Россию Жерара&#xA;  Депардье. [сколько?] &#xA;  &lt;br&gt;Отведённые на решение проблемы &lt;em&gt;десять лет&#xA;  прошл&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; впустую. [какие десять?] &#xA;  &lt;br&gt;Для покраски этой трубы&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;потребу&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;тся восемь тонн краски&lt;/em&gt;. [сколько?] &lt;br&gt;Для покраски трубы &lt;em&gt;потребу&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt;тся&lt;/em&gt; запасённые нами &lt;em&gt;восемь тонн краски&lt;/em&gt; [какие&#xA;  именно восемь тонн?]. &lt;br&gt;Нашей футбольной команде до чемпионского&#xA;  титула &lt;em&gt;остал&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;сь пять шагов&lt;/em&gt;. [сколько?] &lt;br&gt;&lt;em&gt;Остал&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;сь&#xA;  следующие пять шагов&lt;/em&gt;: 1/16 финала, 1/8 финала... полуфинал и финал.&#xA;  [какие пять?] &lt;br&gt;Раздался выстрел, и несколько диких уток&#xA;  поднял&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;сь над озером. [сколько?] &lt;br&gt;Оставшиеся &lt;em&gt;несколько уток&#xA;  ещё не умел&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; летать. [какие несколько?] &lt;br&gt;На нашем факультете&#xA;  &lt;em&gt;многие девушк&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; интересу&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt;тся&lt;/em&gt; футболом. [какие девушки?] &lt;br&gt;На нашем факультете &lt;em&gt;множеств&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; девушек интересу&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt;тся&lt;/em&gt; футболом.&#xA;  [сколько девушек?]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2020-02-07T11:40:33.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21120" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21121" CreationDate="2020-02-07T19:01:30.943" Score="3" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;Trying to translate a non-profit document into Russian and run into this challenge. All the translations I seem to find on the internet concern computer programs rather than programmatic activities by nonprofits. Also, &quot;Вести программу&quot; doesn't seem quite right. Any suggestions?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the full sentence: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;We may be required to collect some personal information by law or by organizations that give us money to operate this program. Other personal information that we collect is important to run our programs, to improve services, and to better understand the needs of our clients.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13077" LastEditorUserId="13077" LastEditDate="2020-02-21T21:31:30.933" LastActivityDate="2020-02-21T21:31:30.933" Title="How would you translate &quot;running/operating a nonprofit program&quot; to Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21121" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21120" CreationDate="2020-02-07T21:29:56.200" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the word you're looking for is &lt;em&gt;курировать&lt;/em&gt;, as in &lt;em&gt;курировать программу НКО&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В 1995 году сотрудничает с НДР: сначала создает инфраструктуру движения, потом курирует программу помощи кандидатам от НДР в одномандатных округах. // &lt;em&gt;[ Алексей Головков // «Итоги», 1996.09.03]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-02-07T21:29:56.200" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21124" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21125" CreationDate="2020-02-10T07:43:21.523" Score="22" ViewCount="8573" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian, &lt;strong&gt;прикол&lt;/strong&gt; is a very frequently used word and means a joke, a funny incident, or just anything funny, but the original meaning of this word is very different: a stake to which a ship, a tent, or an animal is tied. At least, only such a definition is given in &lt;em&gt;Dictionary of Church Slavonic and Russian composed by the Second Department of the Imperial Academy of Sciences&lt;/em&gt;, published in 1847. Russians still occasionally use this word in its original meaning, e.g., in the idiomatic phrase &lt;strong&gt;корабль стоит на приколе&lt;/strong&gt; (the ship is laid up). The composition of this word is very simple: &lt;strong&gt;кол&lt;/strong&gt; is the root of the word, means a stake, and is related to the verb &lt;strong&gt;колоть&lt;/strong&gt; (to pierce, stub, or cut), and &lt;strong&gt;при&lt;/strong&gt; is a prefix similar to the English prefix &lt;em&gt;in&lt;/em&gt;, so the composition of &lt;strong&gt;прикол&lt;/strong&gt; contains nothing related to joking, which means that the modern meaning is figurative or derived. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question: How did &lt;strong&gt;прикол&lt;/strong&gt;, originally meaning a stake, came to mean a joke? In other words, what is the logical connection between the modern and original meanings of &lt;strong&gt;прикол&lt;/strong&gt;? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did some research on the Internet and saw a hypothesis that the modern meaning stems from a criminal jargon, but it is unclear as to exactly how Russian criminals saw a connection between a stake and a joke. Might the connection be that they considered it funny to stab someone with a stake or a knife?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2021-04-16T03:37:46.983" Title="Why do Russians call a joke a stake (прикол)?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21124" CreationDate="2020-02-10T08:08:04.820" Score="23" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Just homonyms.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br/&gt;There's an older word, &lt;em&gt;подк&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;л&lt;/em&gt; 'joke' together with the verbs &lt;em&gt;подкол&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;ть&lt;/em&gt; (perf.), &lt;em&gt;подк&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;лывать&lt;/em&gt; (imp.) 'to play a joke [on smb]', but here 'the joke' is aimed at a person to make laugh of them. &lt;em&gt;Прик&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;л&lt;/em&gt; is almost the same, only another prefix is kind of showing that the joke is neutral, that is not aimed at/against somebody. That is a mere coincidence that the word sounds like the name of that ship anchorage. The root in all these words is &lt;em&gt;-кол-&lt;/em&gt; like in &lt;em&gt;кол&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;ть&lt;/em&gt; 'to prick, to prickle'. The noun &lt;em&gt;кол&lt;/em&gt; 'a stake, a pointed wooden beam' is connected with the verb, too, the pointed spiky end of the beam makes the connection with the action of the verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-02-10T08:46:14.690" LastActivityDate="2020-02-10T08:46:14.690" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21124" CreationDate="2020-02-10T12:33:17.883" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those words are definitely related. The thing is that the relation is not direct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's start with колоть. It has two major meanings – to chop (when talking about wood), and to prick. The word кол derives from the first meaning, as it's a piece of wood that's chopped up to become pointy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now about прикол, the &quot;stake to tie something to&quot; comes from кол and therefore from колоть (to chop), and the &quot;joke&quot; comes from подкалывать (to pique smb with a joke), which also comes from колоть, but from &quot;to prick&quot; meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of why колоть means both to prick and to chop and if those are homonyms, or just different meanings of the same word – I do not know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2020-02-10T12:33:17.883" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21128" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21124" CreationDate="2020-02-10T16:07:56.363" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;probably because it all comes from the most ancient joke to &quot;уколоть&quot; someone. Like plant a nail on the seat for someone's ass, so here you go.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13087" LastActivityDate="2020-02-10T16:07:56.363" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21124" CreationDate="2020-02-12T10:05:02.670" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have heard that, like quite some modern vernacular Russian dictionary, &lt;code&gt;прикол&lt;/code&gt; is rooted in drug addicts' slang. What it originally meant is altered mental state where your attention is fixed to some object for no particular reason (&lt;code&gt;прикололо&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;прикольнуло&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Later on it caught up with general public, where it not only means a joke but anything worth fixing attention on, some unusual circumstance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastActivityDate="2020-02-12T10:05:02.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21132" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21133" CreationDate="2020-02-12T15:04:08.490" Score="0" ViewCount="176" Body="&lt;p&gt;In England there are no-smoking signs at certain places.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would be written in Russian? For: &lt;strong&gt;No Smoking!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12884" LastActivityDate="2020-02-12T15:11:32.400" Title="Russian For: No Smoking!" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2020-02-12T16:02:26.863" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21132" CreationDate="2020-02-12T15:11:32.400" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, they just write &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Не курить!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;A more polite form: &lt;strong&gt;&quot;У нас не курят!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There is also more strict option: &lt;strong&gt;&quot;Курение (строго) запрещено!&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Sanctions for violating this ban are also frequently mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2020-02-12T15:11:32.400" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21134" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21124" CreationDate="2020-02-13T00:09:21.640" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word doesn't translate as joke, it's more like &quot;a situation likely to be amusing&quot;. You can say: let's glue all of Ivan's pictures to his ceiling &quot;for the &lt;strong&gt;прикол&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;. The root is shared with &lt;strong&gt;колоть&lt;/strong&gt; which is either to prick(with a needle unless specified) or to split(e.g. firewood). I guess a needle prick is also splitting skin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English expression &quot;to &lt;strong&gt;needle&lt;/strong&gt; someone, is broadly the same, except that it's a verb and given English nature, likely to be way more subdued than a Russian prikol.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2211" LastActivityDate="2020-02-13T00:09:21.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21136" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21137" CreationDate="2020-02-15T13:23:45.990" Score="10" ViewCount="816" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a sentence in Tolstoy's &quot;Чем люди живы&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Идет сапожник дорогой, одной рукой палочкой по мерзлым калмыжкам постукивает, ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I couldn't find the word &quot;калмыжка&quot; used elsewhere other than in this sentence, and the closest word I can find is калмык/калмычка, which both seemed pretty irrelevant considering the context. English translations of this book seemed to translate this sentence as below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;He trudged along, striking his stick on the frozen earth with one hand...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so the калмыжка seems to mean something like &quot;earth&quot;. Could somebody please explain what this word is?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12425" LastActivityDate="2020-02-15T14:57:34.823" Title="What does &quot;калмыжка&quot; mean in this context?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21137" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21136" CreationDate="2020-02-15T14:02:58.563" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://smolgu.ru/files/doc/D212_254_01/disser/savina.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; source :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Калмыжка&lt;/strong&gt;. Слово имеет разные звуковые формы в зависимости от говора:&#xA;  &lt;code&gt;калмыжка&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;калмышка&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;колмыжка&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;колмышка&lt;/code&gt;. Диалектное колмышка происходит&#xA;  от комлыжка посредством метатезы, далее от существительного ком –&#xA;  ‘уплотненный, принявший округлую форму кусок мягкого, рыхлого&#xA;  вещества’. Ср. у В.И. Даля без указания места:&#xA;  комлыга – ‘ком, колыга на пашне’. Значение к&#xA;  форме калмыжка в СРНГ: ‘комки грязи; затвердевшие, спресованные комья&#xA;  земли’&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, it's actually dialectal (in the monograph it's claimed to be from Tula region), obsolete and virtually unknown to modern native speaker word for lumps of dirt. It related to &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;ком&quot;&lt;/a&gt; and has nothing to with &quot;калмык&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-02-15T14:57:34.823" LastActivityDate="2020-02-15T14:57:34.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21138" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21139" CreationDate="2020-02-16T04:47:31.603" Score="3" ViewCount="362" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't mean the military term, but the one used in hydrology:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VbI5S.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VbI5S.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TFkje.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/TFkje.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-02-16T11:52:31.240" LastActivityDate="2020-02-16T11:52:31.240" Title="How to say &quot;armor&quot; (a term from hydrology) in Russian?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21138" CreationDate="2020-02-16T05:14:27.523" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it can be called &quot;дамба&quot;. Дамба is usually used for men-made armor but also for natural ones. Another word is &quot;берегоукрепление&quot; or maybe &quot;укрепительная конструкция&quot;, &quot;укрепительное сооружение&quot; with river or sea context in whole text. &quot;Берегоукрепление&quot; is more common word which means some construction used to protect river boundaries. &quot;A stream bed armored with rocks&quot; can be translated as &quot;Русло реки, укреплённое камнями&quot;, &quot;Русло реки, защищённое камнями&quot; or maybe &quot;Русло реки, выстланное камнями&quot;. &quot;Выстланное&quot; does not mean armoring directly but implies it from context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also small rocks on the bottom of river like pebbles can be called &quot;дренаж&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here I found a term for natural formation, it is called &quot;Каменистые образования&quot; and divided into following terms:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Гряда&quot; is an underwater accumulation of stones over the entire width of the channel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Высыпка&quot; is a hard sandbank formed by the removal of small pebbles or stones from a ravine or tributary, somewhat downstream.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Огрудок&quot; is a small accumulation of stones in the channel, usually elongated along the coast at a small distance from it, a single stone in the streambed in this case is called &quot;одинец&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Опечки&quot; are small underwater pebble banks in the form of knolls, they are common for rivers flowing in rocky soils.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Порог&quot; is a stony section of the channel with a large slope, which is characterized by a high flow velocity and shallow depths.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13121" LastEditorUserId="13121" LastEditDate="2020-02-16T07:26:19.773" LastActivityDate="2020-02-16T07:26:19.773" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21140" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21144" CreationDate="2020-02-16T06:12:53.683" Score="5" ViewCount="1510" Body="&lt;p&gt;I cannot find the Russian phrases for these two stages of dating and am humbly asking for your help. I know that Russians say &lt;em&gt;Маша встречается с Ваней&lt;/em&gt; (which literally means &lt;em&gt;Masha regularly meets Vanya&lt;/em&gt;), but it is unclear to me as to which of the two stages is implied and what to call the other stage. Also, as a part of my question, how will a Russian man word his proposal to become exclusive to each other? What idiomatic phrase will he use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: My impression from the answer by Anixx and the comment by Shabunc is that many Russians do not really understand this English terminology, so let me try to explain. To put it simply, seeing each other is the stage in which you just go to coffee dates to see people. You are not committed to anyone in any respect in this stage. You just find someone on a dating website, go to a first date, go to a second date, but you are not a couple yet. You just see each other. You cannot become a gf and bf just from the very first moment you see each other. You are not a couple on your first date. It is not about sleeping around or, how Shabunc put it, &quot;polyamorous relationships,&quot; but merely about trying to find a good match before really committing to be a true gf or bf. You have to see many people in order to find a good match. You can see different people concurrently. And it is only after you find your true soul mate and after you and that person decide to be a couple that the second stage begins - being exclusive to each other. Just shoot through the following articles to better understand what I am talking about: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mydomaine.com/dating-vs-relationships&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/dating-proposal_uk_5db07942e4b0131fa99833d1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://datingtips.match.com/mean-seeing-someone-13197124.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link3&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2020-02-18T07:00:55.767" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T18:07:53.947" Title="How can I say in Russian &quot;to see each other&quot; and &quot;to be exclusive to each other,&quot; in the context of dating?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="29" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21141" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21138" CreationDate="2020-02-16T07:04:58.560" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usually, irrespective of what material covers the river bed, in Russian it's called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;нанос&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 'alluvium'. If it consists of sediment material, mud, then it's &lt;em&gt;осадочный нанос&lt;/em&gt;, of sand is &lt;em&gt;песчаный нанос&lt;/em&gt;, of pebbles is &lt;em&gt;галечный нанос&lt;/em&gt;, of big jagged rocks is &lt;em&gt;крупнообломочный нанос&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/prirodnye-i-antropogennye-narusheniya-formirovaniya-rusel-ravninnyh-rek/viewer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;[Source]&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Riprap, which is artificial, is called &lt;em&gt;каменная наброска&lt;/em&gt; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'River morphology' is &lt;em&gt;русловедение&lt;/em&gt; in Russian, here's a good book in Russian about it:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rfbr.ru/rffi/ru/books/o_71797&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Чалов Р. С., Русловедение: теория, география, практика. Морфодинамика речных русел. Том 2&lt;/a&gt; (you can read it online there)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;It's in 3 volumes, but this one is exactly about the stuff you're interested in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-02-16T07:11:30.757" LastActivityDate="2020-02-16T07:11:30.757" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21140" CreationDate="2020-02-16T07:37:58.540" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since Russian has genders, most of such phrases are gender-specific and it is hard to put it in the infinitive form. 'Be my only one' is &lt;em&gt;Будь моей единственной&lt;/em&gt; when said to a woman and &lt;em&gt;Будь моим единственным&lt;/em&gt; when said to a man, still it sounds somehow bookish or old-fashioned. Usually, baser phrases are used as proposal to date:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Давай встречаться?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Давай будем вместе?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Давай станем друг другу больше, чем просто друзьями?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Будешь моей девушкой? (to a woman)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Будешь моим парнем? (to a man)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты станешь моей девушкой? / моим парнем?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я хочу предложить тебе встречаться. Ты согласна? / согласен?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я хочу, чтобы ты была / был со мной.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are the standard phrases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2020-02-16T07:37:58.540" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21144" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21140" CreationDate="2020-02-16T08:56:08.523" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Where from did you get the idea that here should be two stages? Russian does not distinguish the two. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say Masha meets Vanya or Masha meets only Vanya. You also can say Masha is a girlfriend (девушка) of Vanya.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Also, as a part of my question, how will a Russian man word his&#xA;  proposal to become exclusive to each other? What idiomatic phrase will&#xA;  he use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no such thing of being exclusive. It is implied the man wants his girlfriend to be exclusive to him from the beginning. So, there is no reason to articulate this. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, one important moment, in Russian culture explicit suggestions from a man are frowned upon and look like he has no skills to express the same implicitly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Semantically one can say &quot;будь моей девушкой&quot; but this suggestion would be most likely turned down. The man would look like an unskilled, unromantic idiot. Similarly, suggesting explicitly sex is not welcome. Russian culture proclaims this should happen &quot;by itself&quot;, &quot;automatically&quot;, not due to some agreement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian culture requires a woman to turn down any explicit proposal. People usually get laid after touching each other, not after negotiation. &#xA;In this light it is funny that Ukraine recently adopted a law that declares any sex without verbal agreement a rape: in this way they declared virtually all men rapists, because Ukrainian culture has similar attitude to explicit proposals as Russian. Yes, you can ask &quot;may I...&quot; but this would be viewed as a sign of weakness, inconfidence, and you most likely would receive verbal refusal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2020-02-17T09:00:31.783" LastActivityDate="2020-02-17T09:00:31.783" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21145" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21150" CreationDate="2020-02-17T00:21:45.247" Score="11" ViewCount="3848" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was doing a Clozemaster exercise and it asked to translate &quot;I love reading&quot; to Russian. I thought of putting &lt;strong&gt;Люблю читать&lt;/strong&gt; but the correct answer that the exercise wanted was &lt;strong&gt;Обожаю читать&lt;/strong&gt;. What's the difference between those two verbs? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13127" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-02-17T08:53:22.313" LastActivityDate="2021-03-09T13:48:51.733" Title="What's the difference between &quot;люблю&quot; and &quot;обожаю&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="10" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21145" CreationDate="2020-02-17T06:34:09.233" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Обожаю is like the superlative degree in adjectives. It means adoration, when you cannot live without reading. So I believe you gave the correct answer, because любить is to love, which is more neutral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-02-17T06:34:09.233" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21148" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21145" CreationDate="2020-02-17T08:47:00.747" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think that it's a three layered thing in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мне нравится читать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я люблю читать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я обожаю читать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just like @V.V. also do believe that &quot;я обожаю&quot; is too strong here. After all, we'll end up with translating any phrase like &quot;I love cooking&quot; with &quot;обожаю&quot; which is, well, too much. &quot;I just love reading&quot; would be closer to &quot;обожаю читать&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, OK, if we still want to go with something stronger than &quot;люблю&quot; but yet not as passionate as &quot;обожаю&quot;, let's just say &quot;я очень люблю читать&quot;. In my opinion this is the closest one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-02-17T17:33:40.467" LastActivityDate="2020-02-17T17:33:40.467" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21145" CreationDate="2020-02-17T09:18:00.137" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Люблю читать&lt;/em&gt; is 'I &lt;em&gt;like&lt;/em&gt; reading' while your task was to translate 'I &lt;em&gt;love&lt;/em&gt; reading'. 'To love' is neutral &lt;em&gt;любить&lt;/em&gt; when referring to relationships between people, but when it refers to things or activities, 'to love' is no way neutral, it shows a stronger affection, which is &lt;em&gt;обожать&lt;/em&gt; in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian &lt;em&gt;любить&lt;/em&gt; has two main meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'to love' when it refers to love between people: &lt;em&gt;Я тебя люблю!&lt;/em&gt; 'I love you!'&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'to like' when it refers to abstract notions, things, or activities: &lt;em&gt;Я люблю зиму.&lt;/em&gt; 'I like winter.' In this meaning it is synonymous to &lt;em&gt;мне нравится&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Я люблю зиму.&lt;/em&gt; = &lt;em&gt;Мне нравится зима.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the other end of it, the English 'to like' is either &lt;em&gt;любить&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;нравиться&lt;/em&gt; in Russian, usually at your own choice, but 'to like' is only &lt;em&gt;нравиться&lt;/em&gt; when talking about people which excludes any sexual or matrimonial sides of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'To love' is &lt;em&gt;любить&lt;/em&gt; when talking about your couple or the people you love, like boyfriend/girlfriend, husband/wife, mother/father, son/daughter, etc. But when 'to love' refers to abstract notions, things, or activities, it means a degree of affection stronger than 'to like', that is why in Russian you also need a verb for affection stronger than &lt;em&gt;любить&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;нравиться&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Обожать&lt;/em&gt; ('to adore', literary 'to deify') is just the verb you need in such a case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The root of the verb &lt;em&gt;обожать&lt;/em&gt; (о-бож-а-ть) is &lt;em&gt;-бож-&lt;/em&gt; which is a variant of the root morpheme &lt;em&gt;бог&lt;/em&gt; 'god', nevertheless &lt;em&gt;обожать&lt;/em&gt; doesn't have any religious connotations in the Modern Russian, use it freely whenever you love something which is not a person. You can also say &lt;em&gt;обожать&lt;/em&gt; about people, in this case it means 'to adore, to love very much'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2020-02-17T09:18:00.137" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21150" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21145" CreationDate="2020-02-17T14:50:34.827" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Virtually you cannot &quot;feel&quot; the difference through the textbooks. In real life you would undoubtedly recognize the difference between the two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я люблю читать&quot; could be found in written form more often or in neutral intonation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я обожаю читать&quot; is more spoken version in my opinion, where the person is making an &lt;strong&gt;accent&lt;/strong&gt; on that (e.g. to differentiate between multiple given hobbies or whatever you had in your exercise).&#xA;While speaking that phrase it would be normal to get a &quot;mini-surge&quot; with emotions, raising the voice, adding hand gestures and kind of &quot;re-living&quot; the positive effects of &quot;reading&quot;.&#xA;In a smaller form it could actually resemble the &quot;praying for/thanking the icon of &lt;em&gt;READING&lt;/em&gt;&quot;: &quot;I luuuuaaaaaaave reading so much!&quot; = &quot;Я просто обожаааааааю читать!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in my opinion it's not that &quot;you cannot live without reading&quot; but &quot;reading makes you so immensely happy and you have a deep satisfaction and positive emotional experience from/by reading.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13138" LastActivityDate="2020-02-17T14:50:34.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21145" CreationDate="2020-02-17T15:24:57.437" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Я обожаю&quot; have an exact analogue in English language which is &quot;I adore&quot;. We use &quot;обожаю&quot; in the same context as an English native speaker would say &quot;adore&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;@YellowSky's answer about difference between &quot;like&quot; and &quot;love&quot; is valid, but to correctly translate &quot;love&quot; to &quot;обожаю&quot; that &quot;love&quot; should have been boldfaced or italicised in the original text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обожаю is a very strong verb which depicts an extreme affection, not normal and not common like an overused &quot;love&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="114" LastActivityDate="2020-02-17T15:24:57.437" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21152" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21182" CreationDate="2020-02-17T20:21:33.147" Score="5" ViewCount="387" Body="&lt;p&gt;As we all know, acceleration is a derivative of velocity, and if we want to introduce how fast acceleration is changing itself, thus, introducing second derivative of velocity - this is called actually &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerk_(physics)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a jerk&lt;/a&gt; (or jolt). In Russian it is called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;рывок&quot;&lt;/a&gt; (I've also encountered term &quot;толчок&quot;), so, we can say that &quot;ускорение ускорения называется рывком&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can go further and introduce third, fourth and so on derivatives of velocity, every next one is more exotic beast and used noticeably rare in calculations. However, they do exist, and, according to Wikipedia, they are called in English respectively &quot;jounce&quot; (or &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jounce&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;snap&quot;&lt;/a&gt;), &quot;flounce&quot; (or &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crackle_(physics)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;crackle&quot;&lt;/a&gt;) and &quot;pounce&quot; (or &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_(physics)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;pop&quot;&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question would be - are there well established and commonly acknowledged by the scientific community Russian terms for third, fourth and fifth derivations of velocity? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dIY6U.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/dIY6U.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-02-18T09:44:12.287" LastActivityDate="2020-02-23T13:12:18.550" Title="&quot;Скорость&quot;, &quot;ускорениe&quot;, &quot;рывок&quot; - what's next?" Tags="&lt;терминология&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21153" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21152" CreationDate="2020-02-18T14:28:22.460" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think there's nothing there, because why do you need it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I can see from Wikipedia that Polish has &lt;a href=&quot;https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udar_(fizyka)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Udar&lt;/a&gt;, so you can just take that one and use удар for fourth derivative. I don't think they have anything for fifth, etc. I would say you don't even need third derivative because you should move to e.g. vectors at that point.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-02-18T14:34:59.633" LastActivityDate="2020-02-18T14:34:59.633" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21155" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21145" CreationDate="2020-02-19T04:48:16.203" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have given this quite a bit of thought myself over the years.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Agree with the translation &quot;to adore&quot; for обожать - absolutely correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I think that we native English speakers don't really say &quot;adore&quot; much any more. It's quite a literary word these days and can almost come across as a bit pretentious if used in the wrong context. If a friend said to me &quot;I adore visiting new countries to learn about new cultures&quot; it would sound a bit weird. Whereas this would be a valid use of обожать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using обожать in day-to-day Russian chat is still quite common, albeit a lot rarer than either нравиться or любить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One way I used to think about обожать was that it's sort of between нравиться and любить and gives a bit more emphasis than just любить or нравиться which can be quite colloquially used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As with all things, best way to figure out is to start throwing it into conversations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13159" LastActivityDate="2020-02-19T04:48:16.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21156" PostTypeId="5" CreationDate="2020-02-19T07:38:07.750" Score="0" Body="" OwnerUserId="-1" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-02-19T07:38:07.750" LastActivityDate="2020-02-19T07:38:07.750" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21157" PostTypeId="4" CreationDate="2020-02-19T07:38:07.750" Score="0" Body="Мат is a set of swearing, curse, bad words, profanity." OwnerUserId="13086" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2020-02-28T18:06:34.230" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T18:06:34.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21115" CreationDate="2020-02-19T12:12:21.727" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is something that took a long time to sink in for me when I was learning Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Прошло десять лет с момента появления в России первых &#xA;  трансгенных культур. (why not пришли?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Question, why not прошли? There are 10 years after all. Not one year. So why singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps due to the absense of articles (a/the) or presence tense &quot;to be&quot; (is/are) in Russian, perhaps not. But Russian sentences like this are built in a way that is using an impersonal construction where there is sort of an unspoken 'it' in the sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps a way of looking at this is like &quot;It has happened that ten years have passed&quot; for Прошло десять лет ... Where the verb пройти is conjugated according to the &quot;it&quot; in the &quot;in has happened that&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is an impersonal construction in a similar way that dative case is applied when you say - мне холодно - &quot;to me it is cold&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or in this example&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для покраски трубы тепловой электростанции потребуется &#xA;  восемь тысяч килограммов краски (why not потребуются?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's sort of saying &quot;To paint the power station's pipes it is required that (потребуется) ...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13159" LastEditorUserId="13159" LastEditDate="2020-02-19T12:17:52.877" LastActivityDate="2020-02-19T12:17:52.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21012" CreationDate="2020-02-19T13:08:14.257" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The devil is in the detail with the best contextual translation of &quot;truth&quot;, &quot;the truth&quot;, &quot;correctness&quot;, &quot;realness&quot;, &quot;is it real?&quot; and other phrases that convey a strong correspondence with reality or the way things actually are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правда has some baggage as a word, being associated with the Правда Communist-era Newspaper (that is still going today).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And правда is used very commonly in general day-to-day discussions to validate the truthfulness of a statement. Often it appears when the person hearing the fact is a little surprised, or doubtful. Below is an example of gossip between two friends about two people who have started a relationship. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One Friend: слышали, что Маша встречается с Сергеем?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Other Friend: правда ... я не знала.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;правда can also be used to express simple agreement with a statement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я ищу правду&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &quot;I'm looking for the truth&quot; or &quot;I'm trying to find to find out what happened&quot; but likely in context to a concrete event or question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я ищу истину&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is a bit more high-level, you are searching for &quot;the truth&quot; in a big picture way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13159" LastEditorUserId="13159" LastEditDate="2020-02-20T00:32:43.620" LastActivityDate="2020-02-20T00:32:43.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21160" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21145" CreationDate="2020-02-19T14:07:12.280" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we take that &amp;quot;book&amp;quot; example, there is some &lt;em&gt;emotional&lt;/em&gt; difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я обожаю читать&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Omg, reading!!! I would do that all day long!&amp;quot;&#xA;&amp;quot;Я люблю читать&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;I would read my favorite book if I have some free time&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we take that &amp;quot;I love you&amp;quot; example, there is some &lt;em&gt;emotional&lt;/em&gt; difference, too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я обожаю тебя&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;I love you so much! If I had a choice between Earth and you, I would choose you&amp;quot;&#xA;&amp;quot;Я люблю тебя&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;I love you&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. &amp;quot;люблю&amp;quot;=&amp;quot;I love&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;обожаю&amp;quot;=&amp;quot;I adore&amp;quot;. Nothing more.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13162" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-03-09T13:48:51.733" LastActivityDate="2021-03-09T13:48:51.733" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21161" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21165" CreationDate="2020-02-19T15:51:41.260" Score="4" ViewCount="246" Body="&lt;p&gt;Im wondering the correct usage of &lt;strong&gt;отправить&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;выслать&lt;/strong&gt; (to send/dispatch).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've seen the former in the context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Отправить сообщение в сети (to send an online message)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and the latter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Выслать в адрес письмо (send a letter to an address).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've understood that they are not interchangeable. &lt;em&gt;Отправить&lt;/em&gt; seems to appear often in context of electronic communications, whereas &lt;em&gt;выслать&lt;/em&gt; more in concrete actions.  A verb &lt;em&gt;послать / посылать&lt;/em&gt; seems to appear in the place of выслать sometimes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are they both commonly used, and what might be the correct context to use them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8961" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-02-19T18:07:38.697" LastActivityDate="2020-02-19T18:55:28.950" Title="Differences between выслать and отправить" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21145" CreationDate="2020-02-19T16:45:04.670" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literally:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;любить&quot; = &quot;to love&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;обожать&quot; = &quot;to deify&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They have exactly same meaning in Russian, but emotional context in practical speaking is different: when used in regards to people &quot;обожать&quot; diminishes produced emotions, when used in regards to anything else it raises more emotions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you like someone very much never say &quot;люблю&quot; or you will freak the person out right away, say &quot;обожаю&quot; and the person well know your feelings but without the sacred/scary connotation of &quot;I love you/him/her&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you talk about anything else, use &quot;обожаю&quot; to make the talk emotional, the word is meant to produce excitement and should be said in excited tone. You cannot use this word in a sentence that you prononouce fully formally or while reasoning, this word must be emotionally emphasised, either louder or softer than normal, slower or faster than normal. This property makes this word very close to exclamation words like &quot;Ah&quot;, &quot;Oh&quot;, &quot;Doh&quot;, &quot;Damn&quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1502" LastActivityDate="2020-02-19T16:45:04.670" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21163" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21140" CreationDate="2020-02-19T18:12:53.897" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, &quot;встречается&quot; in terms of relationship means both stages of dating, but usually it means &quot;is someone's gf/bf&quot;, like &quot;Кристина встречается с Игорем&quot;/&quot;Kristina is Igor's girlfriend&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are no clear separation between the dating stages in Russian, and one of the most simplest ways to imply the first stage is to use &quot;ходит на свидания с&quot;/&quot;dates X&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To ask someone out, you can say something like &quot;Давай куда-нибудь сходим?&quot;/&quot;Let's go somewhere?&quot; or &quot;Хочешь куда-нибудь сходить?&quot;/&quot;Do you want to go somewhere?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13163" LastEditorUserId="13163" LastEditDate="2020-02-28T18:07:53.947" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T18:07:53.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21164" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21161" CreationDate="2020-02-19T18:50:26.690" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Выслать&quot; and &quot;отправить&quot; have a very similar meaning, but &quot;выслать&quot; is usually being used  to imply a more formal action like &quot;Выслать провизию&quot;/&quot;To send supplies&quot;, &quot;Выслать в Сибирь&quot;/&quot;To exile someone to Siberia&quot; while &quot;Отправить&quot; is being used to imply a more informal action like &quot;Отправить подарок&quot;/&quot;To send a gift&quot;, &quot;Отправить письмо&quot;/&quot;To send a letter&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13163" LastActivityDate="2020-02-19T18:50:26.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21161" CreationDate="2020-02-19T18:55:28.950" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Отправить&quot; is a neutral verb, it can be used for electronic, snail mail, packages, people etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Выслать&quot; is similar, but not adopted for electronic communication. Still perfectly fine for snail mail and packages. Acceptable for formal documents sent in electronic format (ex: &quot;Выслать приглашение&quot;). Different meaning for people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Послать&quot; is again neutral and, in communications context, is essentially a full synonym of &quot;отправить&quot;. For people, the meaning is different again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2020-02-19T18:55:28.950" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21166" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21145" CreationDate="2020-02-20T04:25:51.190" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would argue that outside of the romantic sense, &lt;code&gt;люблю&lt;/code&gt; should be translated as &lt;code&gt;like&lt;/code&gt;. Although Russian has the term &lt;code&gt;нравится&lt;/code&gt;, it's passive voice and has a similar intensity to &lt;code&gt;люблю&lt;/code&gt;, and it's used less often outside of the romantic sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In terms of intensity of feeling, &lt;code&gt;I like reading&lt;/code&gt; is similar to &lt;code&gt;Я люблю читать&lt;/code&gt;, it's a neutral expression of enjoyment. &lt;code&gt;I like to walk when it's sunny&lt;/code&gt; &gt; &lt;code&gt;Я люблю ходить пешком когда светит солнце&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Обожаю&lt;/code&gt; is either equal to or stronger in intensity than the English &lt;code&gt;love&lt;/code&gt;, and can probably used as a translation for love to contrast it with like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To get the intensity just right I would say it's something like: &lt;code&gt;I love reading.&lt;/code&gt;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я очень люблю читать&lt;/code&gt;; &lt;code&gt;I love reading!&lt;/code&gt;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я обожаю читать&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2020-02-20T04:25:51.190" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21167" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21152" CreationDate="2020-02-20T09:23:19.377" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm neither a native speaker nor a physicist, but I can offer some insight and can't resist posting an answer. After all, it is not every day that a mod asks a question :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, as an important aside, those who say or imply that the derivative of acceleration is never needed in physics should have better listened to their physics teachers at school. Perhaps the most obvious example is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham%E2%80%93Lorentz_force&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Abraham-Lorentz force&lt;/a&gt;. This is the recoil force on an accelerating or decelerating charged particle caused by the particle emitting electromagnetic radiation and is equal to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Q^2 (d&lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt;/dt)/ (6 π ε0 c^3),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;where Q is the particle charge, ε0 is the electric constant, c is the speed of light, and d&lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt;/dt is the time derivative of the vector of acceleration. You can verify this formula in the Wikipedia article I linked above, and that article explicitly refers to that derivative as to jerk, which is the same term as used by you in your question.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For those who attended school long ago and forgot the basics, the Abraham-Lorentz force is one of the very central things in physics, because this is how the classical model of the atom is disproved. Indeed, long time ago people believed that electrons move around the nucleus just as planets orbit around the Sun, and such a naive view is easily dispelled if you know about the Abraham-Lorentz force. The latter would make the orbiting electrons quickly lose their energy and spiral towards the nucleus.  Indeed, an electron orbiting with a constant speed on a circular orbit experiences a centrifugal acceleration, and the vector of that acceleration rotates together with the electron itself, resulting in a non-zero time derivative of that vector. And that derivative is directed &lt;em&gt;against&lt;/em&gt; the velocity of the electron. So, according to the above formula, this is where the Abraham-Lorentz force is directed. So you need a quantum theory to explain stable atoms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To name another example, there is a gravitational force similar to the Abraham-Lorentz force, that is, the recoil force on an accelerating or decelerating astrophysical object caused by the object emitting gravitational waves. And that force is proportional to the time derivative of the vector of acceleration, if my memory serves me well. Our planet is acted on by that force, but doesn't spiral towards the Sun. Why? The force is so weak that its power is comparable to the power of an ordinary electric lamp, which is nothing on the astrophysical scale. And this is why gravitational waves are so hard to detect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also vaguely remember my physics teacher telling me that railway track damage is caused by the derivative of the vector of acceleration, but I can't recall why. I hope I am not mixing things up :) But it is because of that, as I am recalling, that circular portions of a railway track never abruptly join straight portions: instead, the curvature changes slowly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the derivative of acceleration is an important quantity in physics. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now back to the question itself. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just asked a guy whom I had helped improve his English in his physics articles. He is a physicist, albeit Japanese, not Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He says that in the scientific community, there are no really established English terms for derivatives of acceleration of any order, so &lt;em&gt;jerk&lt;/em&gt; is at best a jargon word used by some physicists working in some very special fields. All other physicists would react to a quantity being called &lt;em&gt;jerk&lt;/em&gt; similar to how English speakers would react to &lt;em&gt;girt&lt;/em&gt; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Come out of your house with your hands in the air, we have you girt! (&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/eobSMcB-nMA?t=47&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Watch the above referenced video fragment, Adam Hills is a genius :) )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using special terms for the higher-order derivatives of acceleration would be even funnier. If you need to use such a quantity in your physics article, just call that quantity the derivative of acceleration of the corresponding order. If you use any special term instead, you will simply be not understood. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it is very reasonable to think that the same applies to Russian, and I found some evidence for that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) I just looked for the exact phrase &lt;em&gt;испытывает рывок&lt;/em&gt; in Google, and all or practically all search results do not imply the derivative of acceleration. The intended meaning is always or almost always &lt;em&gt;experiences a jerk&lt;/em&gt; as a sudden movement in the most common sense. So if you say &lt;em&gt;испытывает рывок&lt;/em&gt;, no one will think you mean the derivative of acceleration. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) I managed to find a Russian physics &lt;a href=&quot;http://giab-online.ru/files/Data/2017/7/103_110_7_2017.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; wherein &lt;strong&gt;рывок&lt;/strong&gt; is used as the time derivative of acceleration, but the authors explicitly define &lt;strong&gt;рывок&lt;/strong&gt; in the abstract: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Установлено, что при задании подъемной машине различных скоростей и ускорений амплитуда изменения усилия в канате зависит от частоты вращения подъемной машины и &lt;strong&gt;рывка&lt;/strong&gt; — величины изменения ускорения в единицу времени. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the authors had to define &lt;strong&gt;рывок&lt;/strong&gt; in the abstract(!), it stands to reason that &lt;strong&gt;рывок&lt;/strong&gt; isn't a really established term in the Russian physics community. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if &lt;strong&gt;рывок&lt;/strong&gt; is not an established term, even despite the importance of that quantity in physics, why would the higher-order derivatives have established names?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the answer to your question seems to be that there are simply no well-established, widely recognizable Russian terms for derivatives of acceleration of any order. You just call them the n-th derivative of acceleration if you want to be understood. Otherwise the reader well may get an impression that you, as Russians put it, wrote your article по накури :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2020-02-20T20:30:07.367" LastActivityDate="2020-02-20T20:30:07.367" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21170" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21172" CreationDate="2020-02-20T11:31:00.050" Score="7" ViewCount="300" Body="&lt;p&gt;I wonder which version is grammatically correct - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Между двух людей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Между двумя людьми&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some website said that they are both correct, is it truly so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S If you need some context, here you go&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Стать между двух людей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Стать между двумя людьми&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13167" LastActivityDate="2020-02-22T22:18:52.153" Title="Which one is right - &quot;Между двух людей&quot; or &quot;Между двумя людьми&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;лексикон&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21171" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21170" CreationDate="2020-02-20T12:09:11.780" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Между двух людей is right in your context, but между двумя людьми can be used in context of choosing (like choosing the game to play: &quot;Выбрать между двумя играми&quot;/&quot;To choose between two games&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It happens because in two different cases these words are having different declensions: &quot;между двух людей&quot; are answering to the question &quot;кого?&quot; and &quot;между двумя людьми&quot; are answering to &quot;кем?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13163" LastActivityDate="2020-02-20T12:09:11.780" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21170" CreationDate="2020-02-20T12:09:21.863" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It was already in 1937 that Dmitry Ushakov in his famous four-volume dictionary wrote that using &lt;em&gt;между&lt;/em&gt; with the Genitive case was &lt;strong&gt;obsolete&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Между двух людей&lt;/em&gt; is obsolete, because &lt;em&gt;двух людей&lt;/em&gt; is Genitive. Look, it's wrong to use &lt;em&gt;между&lt;/em&gt; with Genitive, it's impossible to say &lt;em&gt;*между меня и тебя&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;*авиаперелёт между двух стран&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;*отношения между матери и сына&lt;/em&gt; — such phrases sound too weird, only the Instrumental case should be used after &lt;em&gt;между&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;между двумя людьми&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;em&gt;между мной и тобой&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;авиаперелёт между двумя странами&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;отношения между матерью и сыном.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Между&lt;/em&gt; in the online version of Ushakov's dictionary &lt;a href=&quot;http://ushakovdictionary.ru/word.php?wordid=29260&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;can be found here&lt;/a&gt;. The beginning of the article:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;МÉЖДУ&lt;/strong&gt;, предлог с твор. п. (с двумя твор. падежами ед. или мн. ч.; если же с одним твор. п., то со словом &quot;собой&quot; или с твор. п. мн. ч.; &lt;strong&gt;с одним или двумя род. падежами мн. ч. - устар&lt;/strong&gt;., а &lt;strong&gt;с двумя род. падежами ед. ч. теперь совсем не употр.&lt;/strong&gt;). 1. Служит для обозначения положения предмета или проявления действия в промежутке, посредине чего-н. В котловине между горами протекал ручей. между окном и дверью стоял шкаф. между Ленинградом и Москвой. между небом и землей. Всюду между деревьев... мелькали белые, синие, красные рубахи. Тургенев. между двух огней (см. огонь). между ясминов и лилей. Карамзин. всем между собой. между нами существует такой обычай. Разделить что-н. между собой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-02-20T12:24:00.380" LastActivityDate="2020-02-20T12:24:00.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21173" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21174" CreationDate="2020-02-20T13:50:29.203" Score="28" ViewCount="8043" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, you call a person a dynamo to say that he or she is extremely energetic (e.g., &lt;em&gt;she was a dynamo in London politics&lt;/em&gt;), but Russians mean something entirely different when they call someone a dynamo (spelt in Russian as динамо or, more commonly, динамщица): a woman who refuses to have sex after a date. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I understand, a more accurate definition of the Russian meaning of dynamo is this: A woman who accepts a man's invitation to a restaurant to have an expensive dinner, which has, in accordance with the Russian tradition, to be fully paid by the man, but afterwards, after the dinner, unexpectedly refuses to have sex with him, contrary to the man's expectations, which are based on the Russian tradition and have been fueled by non-verbal signs and indirect hints given by the woman herself, at least in the man's interpretation of them. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At any rate, the Russian culture of dating is very special, as very well highlighted by @Anixx in his comments under a different &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/21140/how-can-i-say-in-russian-to-see-each-other-and-to-be-exclusive-to-each-other&quot;&gt;question&lt;/a&gt; of mine, so I am not asking to explain me all subtleties of dating in Russia, but I am really curious about the etymology of that Russian word. I guess it is related to the English word &lt;em&gt;dynamo&lt;/em&gt;, but how? What is the logical connection? I tried to find an answer on the Internet, but found no plausible explanation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is the etymology of that word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2020-02-21T13:39:23.403" LastActivityDate="2020-02-23T13:02:32.133" Title="Why do Russians call some women a dynamo (динамо)?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21174" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21173" CreationDate="2020-02-20T14:22:06.747" Score="44" Body="&lt;p&gt;The source of that meaning comes from a rather old slang verb &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;динáмить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; meaning&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;водить за нос; продолжительное время обманывать, вводить в заблуждение, не делать по отношению к кому-либо обещанного или ожидаемого;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;прогуливать, пропускать что-либо (уроки, занятия, встречи и т. д.);&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;флиртовать, не вступая в интимную связь (обычно о женском поле).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The etymology is usually explained this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Термин «динамить» («продинамить») возник среди рабочей молодёжи по примеру технически несовершенного и не срабатывающего с первого раза при ручном запуске генератора постоянного тока, предназначенного для выработки электрического тока системы зажигания двигателей первых моделей автомашин, называемого в начале XX в. «динамо-машина». (Пример: ◆ &lt;em&gt;«Крутишь, крутишь… — уже весь вспотел, а толку никакого!»&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; For those who need it in English, here it is.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;That meaning of 'dynamo' comes from the early 20th century slang verb &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;динамить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &quot;to dynamo&quot;. In those times automobiles were usually started with hand cranks (also known as 'starting handles' in the UK), before electric starters came into general use. The crank rotated the dynamo which started the engine, but very often it worked badly, you rotated the crank for a long time, sweated, but to no avail. So 'to dynamo' also came to mean 'to cheat', 'to fool for a long time', 'not to do as promised', 'to defy expectations', and also 'to flirt without intention to start intimate relationship.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-02-21T06:09:17.227" LastActivityDate="2020-02-21T06:09:17.227" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21175" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21173" CreationDate="2020-02-21T09:20:34.293" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The origins of verb динамить is from the term &lt;em&gt;rapo game&lt;/em&gt; coined by the popular psychologist Eric Berne. The Russian translator, Александр Грузберг, translated it as &lt;em&gt;игра &quot;динамо&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.  Berne's book in Gruzberg translation was published in 1999 and became very popular.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb динамить colloquially means &quot;to do any trick from a book in order to attract a man, making an impression you like him and may let him to have sex with you in future, but never actually letting him in your pants&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2020-02-21T09:20:34.293" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21124" CreationDate="2020-02-22T20:45:55.303" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;here is why...&#xA;There is old joke to put it on chair to somebody. It's old drawing pin.&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ny59v.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ny59v.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13187" LastActivityDate="2020-02-22T20:45:55.303" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21177" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6975" CreationDate="2020-02-22T20:59:36.530" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;холодный нрав&quot; (cold temper)... нрав (норов) - its like mnid-set, character, life position&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13187" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-02-23T03:26:20.847" LastActivityDate="2020-02-23T03:26:20.847" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21178" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21170" CreationDate="2020-02-22T22:18:52.153" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Technically speaking both are correct. On the other hand, you wouldn't normally use &lt;em&gt;&quot;между двух людей&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, especially in spoken language, because here you're adding an unnecessary syllable. Instead you can say the same as &lt;em&gt;&quot;Стать меж двух людей&quot;&lt;/em&gt;. It is grammatically correct, can be used in both written and spoken language and sounds cleaner. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time, the aforementioned version is slightly old-school and in modern spoken language most people would choose &lt;em&gt;&quot;Между двумя людьми&quot;&lt;/em&gt; instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13188" LastActivityDate="2020-02-22T22:18:52.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21179" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21152" CreationDate="2020-02-22T22:43:12.440" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To the best om my memory in my physics classes in university we never used any special term for derivatives of acceleration, even &quot;рывок&quot; never came up. Instead they were simple referred to as &quot;first (second, third, etc.) derivative of acceleration&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13188" LastActivityDate="2020-02-22T22:43:12.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21173" CreationDate="2020-02-23T08:54:10.303" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The obvious explanation comes from the Russian street-language meaning of another verb, &quot;to spin&quot;. &quot;To spin someone&quot; means to get something from someone, money etc, using tricky actions, that one wouldn't give you normally. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The key idea is that the dynamo machine has to be &quot;spinned&quot; to give you energy when you spin it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;She is dynamo&quot; = &quot;she is the dynamo machine case&quot;. So that kind of woman tricky &quot;spins&quot; you for your money, time and efforts, when you're trying to get relationship return back from her, they mainly mean sex.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13192" LastEditorUserId="13192" LastEditDate="2020-02-23T09:05:09.203" LastActivityDate="2020-02-23T09:05:09.203" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21181" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21173" CreationDate="2020-02-23T13:02:32.133" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The nearest English analog will be a &quot;cocktease&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And to say that the girl is dynamo (or &quot;dynamschitsa&quot;/&quot;dynamshik&quot; in case of a girl/boy) isn't about money or something like that. It means that you did something to get her (e.g. went to date or bought flowers or whatever) but the girl doesn't fulfill your expectations of sex (or romantic relationship, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example: &quot;don't waste your time with this girl, she is dynamschitsa&quot; - that literally means &quot;there will be no easy sex&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13193" LastActivityDate="2020-02-23T13:02:32.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21152" CreationDate="2020-02-23T13:12:18.550" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian physicist here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, we only have &quot;скорость&quot; for both speed and velocity (and we literally say &quot;vector speed&quot; (векторная скорость) if we talk about velocity in a scientific context). And we have &quot;ускорение&quot; for acceleration.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yep, the Wikipedia says, that the d²v/dt² is a &quot;рывок&quot;, but to be honest I don't remember this term from the university courses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe there are some exotic terms in very narrow areas of physics, but it would be easier to say &quot;производная скорости N-степени&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13193" LastActivityDate="2020-02-23T13:12:18.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21185" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21186" CreationDate="2020-02-25T19:39:07.253" Score="4" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;The other day I learned Russian word &quot;цель&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It struck me how similar it sounded to the German word &quot;Ziel&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a connection or is it just a coincidence that they sound similar?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10890" LastEditorUserId="10890" LastEditDate="2020-02-25T20:28:07.393" LastActivityDate="2020-02-26T15:55:34.857" Title="Is there a relationship between цель and &quot;Ziel&quot; (german)?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;заимствования&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21186" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21185" CreationDate="2020-02-25T19:41:34.687" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just like many word of German origin it came through Polish, here’s relevant quote from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; (which, can not help but notice is almost always best starting point when you have a question about etymology):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Borrowed from Polish cel (“aim, goal”), in turn from Middle High&#xA;  German zil.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, there’s a bunch of other relatively recent borrowing from German many Russians got used to that extent that it doesn’t feel like a foreign word - &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;«штука»&lt;/a&gt;would be my favorite example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-02-26T15:55:34.857" LastActivityDate="2020-02-26T15:55:34.857" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21187" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="6975" CreationDate="2020-02-27T02:42:57.737" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Отношение&amp;quot; in the context of &amp;quot;what do you feel about something&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как вы относитесь к животным?&#xA;How do you feel about animals?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Attitude plays a significant role in literature, because it bridges the gap between the reader and the writer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example #1: The Catcher in the Rye (By  J. D. Salinger)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“All morons hate it when you call them a moron.”&#xA;“If a girl looks swell when she meets you, who gives a damn if she’s late? Nobody.”&#xA;“Goddamn money. It always ends up making you blue as hell.”&#xA;“Catholics are always trying to find out if you’re Catholic.”&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://literarydevices.net/attitude/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://literarydevices.net/attitude/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We say about this that author makes us &lt;em&gt;относиться&lt;/em&gt; by one or another way to the things described. In other words, the author defines our &lt;em&gt;attitude&lt;/em&gt; (by showing his own or a character's) to a something he wrote.&#xA;Also, it is possible to say: &amp;quot;придерживаться тех или иных взглядов&amp;quot; on something. I.e. to have some attitude to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13209" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-02-27T02:42:57.737" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21188" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-27T08:45:44.230" Score="3" ViewCount="766" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was given a Russian &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/QmqkP489F0A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;song&lt;/a&gt; as a listening exercise, and, as far as I could discern, its chorus is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И мы не устаем, и с ночи до утра&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы можем говорить, говорить о мужиках.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бокал до дна в трудные минуты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Все мужики козлы,&amp;quot; скажут подруги.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translated into English, these lines are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And we don't get tired, and all night long&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can talk, talk about men.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A full glass of wine at hard moments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All men are billy goats, female friends will say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Intrigued by the phrase &lt;strong&gt;все мужики козлы&lt;/strong&gt; (all men are billy goats), I did some research, and it turns out it's a popular idiomatic phrase, with Google suggesting there are 216,000 web pages with that exact phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wiktionary &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%91%D0%BBo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;says&lt;/a&gt; that &lt;strong&gt;козёл&lt;/strong&gt; (a billy goat) has a second meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(slang, derogatory) idiot, blockhead; jerk, bastard, ass&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it is utterly unnatural and nonsensical to say that all men are idiots or bastards in the general sense, and it appears to me that the phrase is rather about some specific inherent quality of all men that reveals itself in intergender relationships. At least, the phrase appears to be used almost exclusively in that context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question: What quality of all men is the phrase about, or how could you explain that phrase to a confused Japanese student who doesn't fully understand the Russian culture of intergender relationships?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: @Quassnoi suggested in a comment below that the phrase simply means &lt;em&gt;all men are jerks&lt;/em&gt;, and his comment received 7 upvotes. What remains unclear to me is the following thing. Google says it has much more results for the exact phrase &lt;strong&gt;все мужики козлы&lt;/strong&gt; than for &lt;em&gt;all men are jerks&lt;/em&gt; (226,000 vs 17,200). Given that the English-speaking part of the Internet is larger than the Russian-speaking one, it is clear that &lt;strong&gt;все мужики козлы&lt;/strong&gt; is much more popular in Russian than &lt;em&gt;all men are jerks&lt;/em&gt; in English is. Why is the Russian phrase much more popular than its English counterpart?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE 2: Perhaps the true English equivalent actually is &lt;em&gt;all men are dicks&lt;/em&gt; (about 136,000 results). Still, it is considerably less popular in English than the Russian phrase is in Russian, even in absolute numbers of Google results. Adjusting the numbers of Google results for the fact that there are twice as many native English speakers as native Russian speakers (340 million vs 145 million, see this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.vistawide.com/languages/top_30_languages.htm?__cf_chl_captcha_tk__=ed5fc4c27fd7eb68d20b96e72855993c5424f7cc-1582873900-0-AfS4m58ZzVZlgN4v1GfjY-IgShoxSoXa30ytuTTcyy5kyfmhVztbI4GyrgEz_B7NI58QWGdjUkaLiGSKrh3wzWLgYQf60o_7xVBTJ48yHxcc_YzYLUUoWEv0198Im3RNHm501LlE3YmuumCJeLZ3vFambDLocmJGKl6-7117VlwUIYNJm6nrYx5cJCvem6PFVrHnO0pcegrwm5wY2MPgnsqHTLptduIuTUs9Wm_dqTJhjWmdAIHHwSmMEdfyIFi8DzbSUlWfY1vele4pzCHg7EZw6H175tYe_9YkW6vEe8TsLaXlUFS8RwmoBjGkCVfs9HZV8Uzi5-yO2s8VYNlIZV7cGnkgtrG19O0EkYcvPMepYDqansDxKuIk3_ZCse9vtJMwV_de7EOhtMNNHhBToTigrHwY_zpFiK5RGzkxXCxIBZXnh8BNtsP7AuPCHpX2A0ukXVfQzGB_jGjDZ9J1K3aHzaHo75qqKMazgmpmQbaB&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;), I estimate that &lt;strong&gt;все мужики козлы&lt;/strong&gt; is about four times as popular in Russian as &lt;em&gt;all men are dicks&lt;/em&gt; is in English. I am curious as to why it is so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-04-08T06:43:46.153" Title="Why do Russians say that all men are billy goats (все мужики козлы)?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="18" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21189" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21188" CreationDate="2020-02-27T10:57:08.103" Score="12" Body="&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;But it is utterly unnatural and nonsensical to say that all men are&#xA;idiots or bastards in the general sense, (…)&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;It &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; nonsensical, at least by the modern-day Western&#xA;standards, but it's also exactly what the idiom is supposed to mean.&#xA;Its usual partner in crime is the idiom “&lt;i&gt;Все бабы дуры&lt;/i&gt;”, which&#xA;literally translates to “All women are stupid”.  Yeah.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B+%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;is a quick Google search, which shows these two playing together.&#xA;Wait until you find out about “&lt;i&gt;работать/пахать/вкалывать как&#xA;негр&lt;/i&gt;” and its counterpart “&lt;i&gt;(делать что-то) как белый&#xA;человек&lt;/i&gt;”.&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;History is complicated, and so are the relationships between the sexes,&#xA;genders, races, and so on.  In most modern contexts and among most young&#xA;people these idioms are only used ironically.  At least in my social&#xA;circles, that is.&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-02-27T11:08:23.943" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21191" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21188" CreationDate="2020-02-27T16:14:09.640" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Downvote me all you want but the truth is more important to me, so here's the answer. It's all about beards. The thing is that historically Russian men tend to have beards even though Peter the Great tried to fight this tradition but in a long run he failed. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Goats are well known for having beards, this photo will give you idea:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Kv8jM.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Kv8jM.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, when women are saying that &quot;все мужики козлы&quot; it's actually about &quot;все мужики [выглядят] как козлы&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Personally me as a cleanly shaved man (the most of the time) find this quite offensive and stereotypical, however well, you know, those Russians, not quite Europeans, not quite Asians.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/U67eR.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/U67eR.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also have to add that there's another version! &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Lotman&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Yuri Lotman&lt;/a&gt;, a prominent Russian linguist, cultural historian and semiotician, hypothesized that this phrase is related to the fact that goat is European culture is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baphomet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;satanic&lt;/a&gt; symbol. Thus, he claimed, we should interpret this phrase as acknowledging &lt;strong&gt;the immanently infernal nature of masculinity&lt;/strong&gt;. While this point of view is gaining some traction, I have to admit that it's still not widely accepted by the academic community.   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion this answer as serious as the question is! &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-02-27T18:41:58.747" LastActivityDate="2020-02-27T18:41:58.747" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21188" CreationDate="2020-02-28T00:35:52.683" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the point of view of Russian women all men are divided into two categories:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Козлы (often spelled казлы)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Олени (often spelled алени)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Козёл (goat) is a man who places his own interests above hers, for instance does not want to marry or give her his resources. This comes from the more general derogatory meaning of the word &quot;козёл&quot; &quot;bastard, jerk, dick&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Олень (deer) is a man who marries, gives money to her but the woman cheats on him and uses his resources. This comes from the meaning of the word &quot;олень&quot; &quot;husband on whom the wife is cheating&quot;, supposedly because the deer cannot see his horns. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare Pushkin:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как рано мог уж он тревожить&#xA;Сердца кокеток записных!&#xA;Когда ж хотелось уничтожить&#xA;Ему соперников своих,&#xA;Как он язвительно злословил!&#xA;Какие сети им готовил!&#xA;Но вы, блаженные мужья,&#xA;С ним оставались вы друзья:&#xA;Его ласкал супруг лукавый,&#xA;Фобласа давний ученик,&#xA;И недоверчивый старик,&#xA;И *рогоносец* величавый,&#xA;Всегда довольный сам собой,&#xA;Своим обедом и женой.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since the majority of men (of at least those with whom women have affairs) do not want to marry and do not become &quot;deers&quot;, women in their frustration call them goats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2020-02-28T00:42:19.170" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T00:42:19.170" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21188" CreationDate="2020-02-28T06:55:37.333" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;..и все бабы - дуры&quot;, and all womens are fools...&#xA;Usually, such expression are used by women abandoned by men (sometimes repeatedly), or their dolly girl-friends (not a lesbians... or lesbian too :&gt;) to reassurance them ...&#xA;The goat here acts not only in the role of some kind of villain, but also as a cunning and insensible shameless creature...(like a goat entering the garden and eating everything there; we have the proverb - &quot;пустить козла в огород&quot;)&#xA;There may be feminist or, conversely, anti-stereotypical connotations, depending on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T06:55:37.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21046" CreationDate="2020-02-28T07:16:16.320" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do you think that drug use was relevant in the USSR? Absolutely not, nothing more than gangster's battles; This translation is older than drugs on the territory of the USSR, there was practically no drug addiction in the USSR, in the mass, therefore such mental relations were completely irrelevant and could not arise.&#xA;Rather, they are here-of a secondary nature, that is, the slang of current drug-addicts can be have later origin  from this verse:&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-02-28T10:09:13.990" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T10:09:13.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21145" CreationDate="2020-02-28T07:30:56.693" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;обожаю&quot; is more expressive, emotionally and fanatically, it's cognate with &quot;обожествляю&quot; - to iconize, sacralise, make god from smb,smt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;люблю&quot;(to love) is more calm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, both these words can be actually subjected inflation:&gt; Can mean less what they should mean, but be only exaggerations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T07:30:56.693" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21197" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21012" CreationDate="2020-02-28T07:37:59.973" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Really - no difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those who believe that there is a semantic difference are usually demagogues who want to level the difference between truth and falsehood :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ok, &quot;Истина&quot; may be more pathos for someone, but in reality, since there is no difference between them, I don't recognize this connotation:&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T07:37:59.973" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21097" CreationDate="2020-02-28T07:54:06.133" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, you had made a mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, because this is an standard idiom (and you must have skill to change idioms for this actions,if you want; and this always makes some tricky sense),and &#xA;secondly,in this case, the sheepskin(&quot;овчинка&quot;,овчина) isn't a reward at all - but a resource for effort. The reward, the result will be here, f.e. a fur coat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have an idiom with this meaning also - &quot;игра не стоит свеч&quot; (here too, the &#xA;goal of the card game isn't any candles at all, but f.e. money:&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point is that the goal of the action isn't worth the resources spent.&#xA;With a &quot;овчинка&quot;, this can be explained as follows: that a good fur coat won't come out of this resource anyway.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-02-28T10:59:35.633" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T10:59:35.633" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21199" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21064" CreationDate="2020-02-28T08:34:57.500" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Друг, дружок, кавалер, любовник, молодой человек, парень - here can be many some connotations...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;друг (officially, or not so sexual)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;дружок (more ironically, or.. no..; intimate f.e.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;кавалер ( archaic.. ironically,...or no :&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;любовник (more sexual and intimate)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;любимый (less sexual than last, but intim. too)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;возлюбленный (many pathos, intimate)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;хахаль (Ukrainianism, slightly disdainfully ..)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;молодой человек (officially,like words from a parents for this case)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;милёнок (very country-style, intimate)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ухажёр (ironically, simple style)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;партнер (very cold, pragmatic :&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;cекс-партнер (cold too, but w. sex. connotation) :&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;парень (usually)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;f.e... :&gt; it's depend on :&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-02-28T11:10:21.070" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T11:10:21.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21061" CreationDate="2020-02-28T09:12:39.983" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;To be exact, this is the meaning of &quot;Моя любовь&quot; (My Love), I think, it have very pathos, and it is an intimate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't have declination on the gender to real addressee..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-03-03T17:50:53.270" LastActivityDate="2020-03-03T17:50:53.270" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21202" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20993" CreationDate="2020-02-28T09:23:27.497" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Is there a positive Russian word for a person who voluntarily and on his or her own initiative reports someone to authorities in. ..&quot; - I think no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But we have words for soldiers who monitor enemies and guard, f.e. &quot;дозорный&quot;, &quot;часовой&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But really, this doesn't be appropriate for such students - that is, it will sound not only negative (because it's Russian morale) then - but also very pathos-ironic, mocking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;..as информатор and осведомитель,&quot; - and this is really have negative connotations too, it's more officially synonym for &quot;стукач&quot; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-02-28T22:39:07.690" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T22:39:07.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21203" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20945" CreationDate="2020-02-28T09:50:38.150" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;welcome to the human's irrational world. &#xA;And so, i see you have never been a victim of a war attack; And in your imagination too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just no one wished the War and didn't want and didn't believe (emotionally) that it would still be; Although the facts said otherwise, it were the facts; But it came, and it was  - emotionally - unexpected.&#xA;This isn't about the well-known strategic calculations and miscalculations yet ... and not about who personal scheduled and who mis-scheduled...although there is a difference too;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine that I’m saying that I’ll shoot near your ear (or in your head) ... and I’m standing next to you and standing - day, week, second week and doing nothing, and you have already relaxed and are writing here on the forum - and here - bang! - I'm shooting ... Something like that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well what else to tell you - only this &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/Rikv9fnNh_M&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/Rikv9fnNh_M&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;The literal translation is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-02-28T10:05:21.337" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T10:05:21.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20994" CreationDate="2020-02-28T10:05:11.760" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb &quot;подсесть&quot; is usually used with animate nouns. There must be someone sitting first, then someone else is &lt;code&gt;подсаживается к&lt;/code&gt; (sitting next to/near) that first someone. Here's a couple of examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Человек Грира по имени Ламберт только что подсел &lt;strong&gt;к Рейчел Фэрроу&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Он пришёл минут через 10 и подсел &lt;strong&gt;к ней&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она подошла к барной стойке, заказала выпивку, я подсел &lt;strong&gt;к ней&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я подумал, что она сбежала из дома, так что я купил ей содовой, подсел&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;к ней&lt;/strong&gt; в зале ожидания, чтобы уговорить ее вернуться домой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice that in all these examples there are always at least 2 persons involved. One is already sitting somewhere and the other one sits next to him. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase &quot;я подсела к стене&quot; sounds odd to me, because стена is not an animate noun. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13212" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T10:05:11.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21205" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20874" CreationDate="2020-02-28T10:33:55.720" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because, the fascism is dictatorship of bourgeoisie, in general; and the communists adhere to this point of view... here no realistic, essential difference between &quot;fascists&quot; and &quot;german nazy&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These soldiers (if they didn’t even belong to the Nazi party too) all the same inevitably served the interests of this regime in all senses and defended its goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By this reason Russians, Soviet named IT as 'fascists', they didn’t care about this pseudo-difference absolutely; (and this obvious thing actually doesn't have much to do with Russian linguistics...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in the same way and for this reason you can come across such a naming  for the Franco(against which some Soviet communists fought in Spain), Pinochet regime, the Greek &quot;black colonels&quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;фашисты (fascists) over нацисты (Nazi) &quot; - and this terms was first in politics, for ultra rightwinged; &#xA;in addition, the Nazis weren't only allies (natural and by the fact) for the fascist's ideology and Mussolini regime , but Hitler himself also took a lot from Mussolini ideologically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-03-02T13:21:11.107" LastActivityDate="2020-03-02T13:21:11.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20462" CreationDate="2020-02-28T16:37:32.823" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;you could used words and phrases like these -&#xA;ничтожный, крохотный, микроскопический&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or resort to comparisons or even hyperbolas - как пылинка во времени и пространстве, как микроб, меньше атома, потерянный во Вселенной, голый и ничем невооруженный, безоружный пред такими проблемами... &#xA;этот карлик перед гигантами... :&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T16:37:32.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21207" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20294" CreationDate="2020-02-28T17:01:39.140" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Have you finished your project? — I wish!&quot;&#xA;if &quot;i wish&quot; here means something like &quot;not finished but i wish to finish&quot; ... you can say &quot;мы работает над этим&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;if you are answer &quot;я хотел бы&quot;, or &quot;я хочу&quot; it can be mean (or be interpreted) what you aren't sure to able finish this project. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T17:01:39.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20080" CreationDate="2020-02-28T17:34:29.793" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;i think, the idiomatic expression &quot;развесистая клюква&quot; or &quot;клюква&quot; will be near... but it not about hypocrisy (лицемерие) exactly, but about lie and fantastical lie. Often about Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T17:34:29.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20078" CreationDate="2020-02-28T18:05:20.437" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can use these magic phrase and spells like &quot;Кыш!&quot;, &quot;Никшни !&quot;, &quot;Цыц !&quot;, &quot;Тихо !&quot;  &quot;Молчать!&quot; ...&quot;Заткнись !&quot;...&#xA;But i think what the Magic don't work in the modern world. Or is somehow malfunctioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have many claims against Adolf Hitler, but the high volume of the voice isn't the main one ... really... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We have many proverbs like these :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cлово не воробей - вылетит не поймаешь..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто мало говорит, тот больше делает...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;От одного слова - да на век ссора...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Язык мой - враг мой...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Молчание - золото..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or idioms like орать как сумашедший, вопить как очумелый... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I don't think that they will have some kind of magical effect on someone, and we also have a considerable number of proverbs with the opposite point of view ...&#xA;Somebody may start laughing at you using comparisons with Indians like Chingachgook or ... other ... comparisons ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;such behavior is not seen as a loss of face in the Russian culture&quot; - it's the truth.&#xA;I realized that you are experiencing a culture shock, but in general, I think you should think more broadly:&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;i think, you will be interested to read this passage from Pikul: &lt;a href=&quot;http://rulibs.com/ru_zar/prose_history/pikul/f/j38.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://rulibs.com/ru_zar/prose_history/pikul/f/j38.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. кто громко орет, тому бог подает. No,it isn't the idiom. The my joke :&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.P.S And we also have such an idiom as &quot;Китайские церемонии&quot; ... which can be prolongate to Japanese, of course ...:&gt; or to Mongols if needed... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-02-28T21:33:25.980" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T21:33:25.980" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21210" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19849" CreationDate="2020-02-28T20:26:46.643" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;A variant is &quot;самец зебры,&quot; but it would be awkward to use that expression repetitively throughout the story.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If this story have a &quot;sciencific style&quot;, it  won't be awkward to use,it's normally. &quot;cамец зебры&quot; is usually. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if not, and somebody used like a childness &quot;zebrik&quot; here, you can also use &quot;zebroid&quot; :&gt; It's no really word in Russian for this, but all will understand this construction :&gt; But here may be ironical and comical connotation for this word ... :&gt;&#xA;(And in the zoology it means slightly other thing)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or if this is fairy tale or something like it - give a personal name for him..:&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-02-28T20:59:57.017" LastActivityDate="2020-02-28T20:59:57.017" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21211" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21224" CreationDate="2020-02-29T14:26:09.833" Score="12" ViewCount="986" Body="&lt;p&gt;My Russian teacher, whom you know by his tough &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/20449&quot;&gt;approach&lt;/a&gt; to teaching the language, strongly pushed me to try to translate English poems into Russian, and we agreed I'd have a look at &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:The_Muse_in_Arms,_Osborn_(ed),_1917.djvu/245&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Hymn to the Wild Boar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; by Grenfell and see what I can do. So here I am, sitting at home in the evening and desperately trying to come up with some good lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original English text starts with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;God gave the horse for man to ride,&#xA;  ⁠&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And steel wherewith to fight,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And wine to swell his soul with pride,&#xA;  ⁠&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;And women for delight:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;But a better gift than these all four&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Was when He made the fighting boar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My current translation of the first four lines is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Бог дал коня верхом скакать,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И сталь рубиться без пощады,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вино, чтоб душу заливать,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И женщин для услады.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It sounds fine and dandy so far, but what do I do with &lt;em&gt;the fighting boar&lt;/em&gt;? I'm totally stuck at this point in my pursuit of perfection. &lt;em&gt;Боевой кабан&lt;/em&gt; sounds weird and, in particular, implies that the boar is a kind of fighting unit. &lt;em&gt;Воинственный кабан&lt;/em&gt;, in turn, is an imprecise translation and, more importantly, unavoidably breaks the rhythm. &lt;em&gt;Бойцовский кабан&lt;/em&gt; causes a smile and thereby undermines the seriousness of the poem. &lt;em&gt;Боевитый кабан&lt;/em&gt; is plain laughable. The choice is critical because the expression &lt;em&gt;the fighting boar&lt;/em&gt; is repetitively used in the poem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seeing no good choice available, I omitted &lt;em&gt;fighting&lt;/em&gt; altogether and wrote in a desperate impulse:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но милость та была превзойдена,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Когда создал Он кабана.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't get rid of the feeling that I am doing injustice to the original text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question: How should I translate the expression &lt;em&gt;the fighting boar&lt;/em&gt; in Grenfell's poem into Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I humbly hope that you, wise native Russian speakers, could kindly come up with some good suggestions to help a desperate Japanese student overcome the above difficulty in her naive attempts to translate English poetry into your rich and wonderful language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2020-02-29T15:18:59.250" LastActivityDate="2020-03-12T17:42:53.613" Title="How should I translate &quot;the fighting boar&quot; in Grenfell's poem into Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="7" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21212" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21211" CreationDate="2020-02-29T14:48:46.303" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;You might want to look at the word &quot;вепрь&quot; - which literally means &quot;wild boar&quot; in Russian - and try to use it in your rhyme. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. - your translation is amazing by the way! I am native Russian speaker and I'm amazed by your beautiful rhyme structure. Although the word &quot;милость&quot; seems slightly out of place here to me, but I'm in no way an expert in literary translation of poems, so I won't criticize. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13212" LastActivityDate="2020-02-29T14:48:46.303" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21213" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21211" CreationDate="2020-02-29T15:35:30.297" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the word you're looking for is &lt;em&gt;секач&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;СЕКАЧ: … 2. Взрослый, с сильными нижними клыками самец кабана, морского котика.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It also rhymes with a lot of words in Russian, including verbs, adjectives and adverbs. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-02-29T15:35:30.297" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21214" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-02-29T19:24:36.330" Score="5" ViewCount="659" Body="&lt;p&gt;How can I hear which syllable is considered stressed in a Russian word? And: how, exactly, should stress in Russian pronunciation be realised?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;My problem&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I realise that to stress a syllable is to emphasise it, but there are various ways to do that, such as duration, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(music)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(musical) pitch&lt;/a&gt;, clarity and volume. When I listen to audio samples, it often sounds to me as though the stress is on the syllable before the one marked as stressed.&#xA;I suspect that part of the problem may be that when people enunciate carefully they pronounce unstressed syllables more clearly than normal, but I do not think that that is the whole story.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I should also be interested in how those of the above characteristics which do &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; determine stress in Russian are used, but that should probably be a separate question.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Examples&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To take some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In Forvo, the 2&lt;sup&gt;nd&lt;/sup&gt;, 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; and 4&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; pronunciations (by Vospi, luba1980 and Mariya) of &lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;спасибо&lt;/a&gt; and various pronunciations of &lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;она&lt;/a&gt; sound like this to me. It seems to me that in such cases the pre-stressed syllable is somewhat higher pitched and often marginally louder but shorter than the “stressed” syllable.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In Wikimedia (used by Wiktionary), I hear the same thing in &lt;a href=&quot;https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ARu-%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE.ogg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;оно&lt;/a&gt; (with a &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; quiet “stressed” ‘о’), while in &lt;a href=&quot;https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ARu-%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.ogg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;она&lt;/a&gt; both syllables sound equally loud, but the pre-stressed one is still pitched higher. In &lt;a href=&quot;https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ARu-%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE.ogg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;спасибо&lt;/a&gt;, all three syllables sound almost equally loud, with &lt;em&gt;спа&lt;/em&gt; higher and marginally louder, &lt;em&gt;си&lt;/em&gt; a little longer and &lt;em&gt;бо&lt;/em&gt; very short.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that these remarks do not apply in all cases; in other examples (such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;спасибо&lt;/a&gt; spoken by Alexander Nevzorov at Forvo, 5&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;) I hear the stressed syllable as higher and louder, making it seem stressed to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems relevant, as suggested by Anixx, to compare cases of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/homograph#English&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;homographs&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;писáть&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;em&gt;write&lt;/em&gt;) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%28%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F%29/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;пи́сать&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;em&gt;urinate&lt;/em&gt;) (both at Forvo); some more are &lt;a href=&quot;https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wortbetonung_in_der_russischen_Sprache#Homographe_und_Besonderheiten_ihrer_Betonung&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;listed in German Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;Sources consulted&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have looked through &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Phonology&lt;/a&gt; in English Wikipedia, but not found an explanation, and my Russian is not yet good enough to consult Russian sources.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;P.S.&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see that &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Phonetik#Betonung&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russische Phonetik § Betonung&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (Russian Phonetics § Stress) and &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wortbetonung_in_der_russischen_Sprache&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wortbetonung in der russischen Sprache&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (Stress in Russian) in German Wikipedia give useful information, though I am not yet sure if it is adequate; perhaps, if it is, I shall get round to answering this question (if no one else has) on that basis and/or translating that material into English Wikipedia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;P.P.S.&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that I am not mainly asking how to &lt;em&gt;pronounce&lt;/em&gt; a word given where the stress is: what I want to know is how to &lt;em&gt;hear&lt;/em&gt; the accent, because what I hear seems to disagree with what is written/printed/displayed, and so I want to know which features matter most (so pronunciation comes in a bit too). &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/21215/12497&quot;&gt;An answer by Vurux&lt;/a&gt; says one should realise it “&lt;em&gt;by increasing loudness a bit and prolonging the length of the vowel just a little&lt;/em&gt;”, but my point is that sometimes the syllable before sounds louder to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12497" LastEditorUserId="12497" LastEditDate="2020-03-02T10:41:10.003" LastActivityDate="2020-03-30T16:18:02.973" Title="How does one hear the stress in Russian words?" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21214" CreationDate="2020-02-29T19:44:03.963" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, every Russian word of more than one syllable has a stressed syllable. The stress can be shown by the accent symbol, like this &quot;спаси́бо&quot;. That means the word should be pronounced like this &quot;spa-&lt;strong&gt;SI&lt;/strong&gt;-bo&quot;. The first syllable &quot;spa&quot; is unstressed, you just pronounce it like it is. The second syllable &quot;si&quot; is stressed. You accentuate it by increasing loudness a bit and prolonging the length of the vowel just a little. The third syllable &quot;bo&quot; is also unstressed (in any case only one syllable in a word can be stressed), so you pronounce it just like the first syllable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13212" LastEditorUserId="12497" LastEditDate="2020-03-01T19:35:31.963" LastActivityDate="2020-03-01T19:35:31.963" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21211" CreationDate="2020-02-29T21:58:27.533" Score="0" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Бог дал коня верхом скакать,&#xA;И сталь рубиться без пощады,&#xA;Вино гордыню поливать,&#xA;Прелестных женщин для услады.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но пятый дар ценней их всех -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То сотворенный дикий вепрь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Really, this is the difficult task;&#xA;As you yourself have already noted, most adjectives are laughable here; But well - the concept itself makes me laugh. I  laughed at the original. Кабан... дар небес.&#xA;And in general there is no obeisance for all these ... to the idea of this poem and its &quot;heroes&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing that can still be offered here is a few synonyms (or so) for &quot;воинственный&quot; (and this is probably the best semantically option) -  яростный,ярый, дикий, мятежный, драчливый, грозный, свирепый ...ну, отважный :&gt;, буйный... жестокий, неукротимый..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Idiom that would fully and absolutely accurately translate the meaning of &quot;fighting boar&quot; in Russian I don't know.&#xA;Anything closer to &quot;fighting&quot; - нападающий, сражающийся, геройский, боевой, доблестный, etc., and those that you have already noted -I think,  will be&#xA;sounds funny in Russian. Obviously, the point is in our stereotypes about boars (and this is only about them yet :&gt; ..)&#xA;But... сражающийся... &quot;Сражающий&quot; - может быть ? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гарцует благородный конь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В сердцах поёт свобод огонь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Меч рассекает небеса &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И слепит алчные глаза.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не жил б в лесу секач свирепый -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Господь бы выглядел нелепо  ! :&gt;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-03-01T11:08:36.167" LastActivityDate="2020-03-01T11:08:36.167" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21211" CreationDate="2020-02-29T22:04:29.690" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I guess, &lt;em&gt;дикий кабан&lt;/em&gt; is usually &lt;em&gt;свирепый&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11990" LastEditorUserId="11990" LastEditDate="2020-02-29T22:10:35.747" LastActivityDate="2020-02-29T22:10:35.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21218" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21214" CreationDate="2020-03-01T04:30:09.997" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Pre-stress is a thing in Russian, and I remember struggling with the concept of stress as a child for that exact reason. Indeed, a lot of people would pronouce &lt;strong&gt;спасибо&lt;/strong&gt; with the &lt;em&gt;/а/&lt;/em&gt; as the loudest, clearest and longest vowel, even though it's not the stressed one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following is my own observation, but how one hears &quot;true&quot; stress in Russian is something like this: it's a full (non-reduced) syllable that sounds like the word could end on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, if the speaker suddenly breaks off after that syllable, you don't get the sense that something's been left hanging, some kind of inflection going nowhere.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a moot point with words that actually end on a stressed syllable, but if you pause the recordings of &lt;strong&gt;спасибо&lt;/strong&gt; midway (which doesn't seem to work with the audio on that website, but I suppose you can find others), you &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; be able to hear that just &lt;em&gt;спа-&lt;/em&gt; alone clearly sounds like a partial word, whereas &lt;em&gt;спаси-&lt;/em&gt; could be a complete word (which, as it happens,  it is — the imperative &quot;save!&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's something firmer about it, which is hard to descibe but perhaps similar to the keynote on a musical scale. That's &quot;stress proper&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2020-03-01T04:30:09.997" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21214" CreationDate="2020-03-01T13:21:12.850" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;because what I hear seems to disagree with what is written/printed/displayed&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, this is one of the major problems with modern Russian’s language standardisation.&#xA;I hope the following will help you to understand why things are as they are right now, although the reasons are extremely indirect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main stress trend&lt;/strong&gt;: For the last century the stress, for example, in verbs has been moving from the verb’s ending to the stem. This way the meme example звонИт became звОнит. Although it’s a trend for the whole language, many verbs have undergone this stress change: варИт → вАрит, грузИт → грУзит, etc. So the old forms are still there in the dictionaries, and as some people still use them, their editors aren’t sure if they should accept the new forms. &lt;strong&gt;N.B.&lt;/strong&gt; The movement of the stress isn’t just happening of its own accord. For example, the -а/я plural noun form ending is spreading to nouns which used to have the -ы/и plural ending. This changes the stress in the noun and then in the whole sentence, and here goes other words’ stress change.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Economic&lt;/strong&gt;: The last big corrections to the standard grammar were introduced in the 60’s; in the 80’s the economy collapsed, followed in the 90’s by the USSR’s itself. The educational system was severely damaged as was quality control in the media. In the USSR every TV/Radio’s host/narrator was required not just to use correct grammar but also to stress words &lt;em&gt;the right standard way&lt;/em&gt;, for which they had special stress dictionaries. In this way the media used to show/spread a more or less uniform language standard. Those dictionaries still exist, but it looks like media consider them optional right now. Sometimes it’s just painful to listen to the DJ struggling to decline the numeral the right way.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Moscow – St. Petersburg&lt;/strong&gt; rivalry: There are some inconsistencies in how the two cities’ universities regard grammar. If you have different views  on which ending is correct, this changes the stress in words and whole sentences. I still remember when once I had an exam in school the teacher marked an answer wrong although it was right according to the grammar book. She said: “you may throw this book away as we use Moscow rules but this one uses St. Petersburg rules.”&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microdialects&lt;/strong&gt;: The word ракушка has two right standard stresses: ракУшка and рАкушка. The second one is mainly used in the south of the country, and the other elsewhere. The word ракушка is actually a fortunate case: there are many similar words whose different stresses haven’t been standardised.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13220" LastEditorUserId="12497" LastEditDate="2020-03-30T16:18:02.973" LastActivityDate="2020-03-30T16:18:02.973" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21221" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14527" CreationDate="2020-03-01T19:33:03.270" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is also worth noting that in Russian there is literally an idiom of &quot;молодая кровь&quot;  (or  &quot;свежая кровь&quot;), but its meaning is completely different even almost the opposite, positive, as we see. Meaning in the young strength and energy of someone, or the &quot;reinforcements&quot; of/for something (&quot;влить молодую кровь&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-03-01T19:34:38.060" LastActivityDate="2020-03-01T19:34:38.060" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21222" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21223" CreationDate="2020-03-01T23:08:21.877" Score="4" ViewCount="596" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some foreign nouns are indeclinable (take &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BE#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;пальто&lt;/a&gt; for example), yet sometimes we want to express many of it. How to do it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10176" LastActivityDate="2020-03-01T23:18:38.387" Title="Plural for indeclinable nouns" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21222" CreationDate="2020-03-01T23:18:38.387" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;You just leave it as is. Like 'deer' in English - &amp;quot;One deer&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;many deer&amp;quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У неё уже есть три пальто - зачем ей ещё одно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он может делать два сальто подряд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На столе лежат два портмоне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-03-01T23:18:38.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21224" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21211" CreationDate="2020-03-02T01:08:59.013" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;I support your idea that just кабан is fine, and probably the best you can do. More often than not, it already implies &lt;em&gt;дикий&lt;/em&gt; (its English equivalent is 'wild boar' rather than just 'boar'). For this poem, it will invariably imply a hunting context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In a domestic context, the generic свинья is usually used, or when 'maleness' is important, the specific &lt;em&gt;хряк&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;боров&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вепрь&lt;/em&gt; is good (and common enough), but it's more difficult for verses, and is basically the same thing anyway. It feels a bit dated, but this would not be a concern for this poem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would rule out any other words such as the aforementioned &lt;em&gt;секач&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; is indeed uncommon, and it would be wrong to use a peculiar word in place of a common English &lt;em&gt;boar&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2020-03-02T01:08:59.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21225" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8512" CreationDate="2020-03-02T08:27:45.570" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если речь про хищную птицу, то правильно змееяд. Окончание &quot;яд&quot; связано не с ядом, а с &quot;яством&quot; - едой. То есть, фактически, змееед. Но говорить надо именно через я.&#xA;Змееед можно применять к другим существам, поедающим змей. Напимер, к людям.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13222" LastActivityDate="2020-03-02T08:27:45.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21214" CreationDate="2020-03-02T19:55:23.430" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian stress is mainly power. You breath out stronger at the stressed syllable. &#xA;Stricktly, the stressed syllable is pronounced longer and clearer than the others, and the vowel there is never reduced, but the main thing is that it is STRESSing, pronouncing the syllable stronger. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;It is really hard to generate in your mind, and not easy to reproduce according to your feelings based on theory.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My recommendation is to take a class with a teacher who will correct you when you're trying. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;For your own training, you can take a text for Russian learners which is supplemented with an audio. The text should be marked with stresses. Listen to it, pay attention to how the stresses are implemented. Try to repeat some words.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Then take another text, with audio, but without stresses. Listen to it and mark it. That is what you can show your teacher for correction.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After you learn to hear it, you can easier come to pronunciation. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;All pitch changes you hear relate to intonation, but not to the stress.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11080" LastActivityDate="2020-03-02T19:55:23.430" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21227" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-02T22:54:19.330" Score="7" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;Take a clearly inanimate masculine noun, say &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%85#%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;подсолнух&lt;/a&gt;, and put it in a fable with anthropomorphic features. Now how should I put it in accusative?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы видели высокий подсолнух, когда он пришёл.....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мы видели высокого подсолнуха, когда он пришёл.....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://ww1.prweb.com/prfiles/2013/11/13/11329978/gI_96015_95232-MORA-thumbnail.gif&quot; alt=&quot;подсолнух&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10176" LastEditorUserId="10176" LastEditDate="2020-03-02T23:07:40.023" LastActivityDate="2020-03-03T10:20:02.953" Title="Anthropomorphized inanimates masculine declension" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21228" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21227" CreationDate="2020-03-02T23:19:43.210" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A flower is always a flower, a plant, and all the names of plant species are inanimate in Russian irrespective of how many anthropomorphic features the plant has, even in a fable, which means it will always have the Accusative case not equal to the Genitive case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if &lt;em&gt;Подсолнух&lt;/em&gt; is a proper name of a human, of a sentient plant with anthropomorphic features, or of any other animate being, then 1) it will be capitalized (&lt;em&gt;Подсолнух&lt;/em&gt;), and 2) its Accusative case will be equal to the Genitive case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note, if you introduce &lt;em&gt;подсолнух&lt;/em&gt; as a species different from the sunflower plant, e.g. if it will be, say, the name of an alien sentient species, then it will be used as animate, Accusative = Genitive. But in this case it will not be the same word as the usual Russian word &lt;em&gt;подсолнух&lt;/em&gt;, the two words will be homonyms, and as the author you'll have to put effort into explaining the difference between the two species.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2020-03-02T23:19:43.210" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21227" CreationDate="2020-03-03T10:20:02.953" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;подсолнух&quot; in accusative has the same form as in nominative - &quot;подсолнух&quot;, without  ending &lt;strong&gt;-a&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;code&gt;&quot;Мы видели - кого? что? - подсолнух&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. Not &quot;подсолнуха&quot;, that would be a genitive form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see you're talking about anthropomorphic sunflower in a fairy tale setting, but I still wouldn't add &lt;strong&gt;-a&lt;/strong&gt; ending because it's still a talking sunflower, not a human nicknamed Подсолнух, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13212" LastActivityDate="2020-03-03T10:20:02.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21230" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21235" CreationDate="2020-03-03T10:48:49.900" Score="6" ViewCount="219" Body="&lt;h2&gt;Background&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recently saw a translation of the well-known motto &quot;Workers of the world, unite!&quot;, but when I looked into it, I found out that there are at least two possible translations: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пролетарии всех стран, объединяйтесь!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;What I found&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now I know that the literal translation of those sentences is &quot;Workers of all countries&quot; for the first part. What I'm unsure about is how the respective last words differ in meaning. For &quot;соединяйтесь&quot; I found the meanings &quot;connect, combine, incorporate&quot;. For &quot;объединяйтесь&quot; I found &quot;unite, integrate, consolidate&quot;, which seems to be more in line with the English version. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;h2&gt;Question&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are the two words exchangeable or do they convey slightly different things? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13226" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-03-03T13:09:22.430" LastActivityDate="2020-03-04T12:16:44.227" Title="Difference between &quot;объединяйтесь&quot; and &quot;соединяйтесь&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21230" CreationDate="2020-03-03T11:46:16.170" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Though you have correctly noticed that the word &quot;соединять&quot; is used when you're talking about connecting or combining several parts of something, while &quot;объединять&quot; is more about uniting, both words are synonyms and their usage fields are largely overlapped.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice, for example, how &lt;em&gt;the United Arab Emirates&lt;/em&gt; is called &lt;em&gt;Объединенные Арабские Эмираты&lt;/em&gt; in Russian, while &lt;em&gt;the United States&lt;/em&gt; is called &lt;em&gt;Соединенные Штаты Америки&lt;/em&gt;. In both cases we're talking about something united, but we have both words used for conveying the same meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13212" LastActivityDate="2020-03-03T11:46:16.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21230" CreationDate="2020-03-03T12:14:14.827" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those two words are very close (and in my opinion you've translated them correctly) but not interchangeable in many contexts. In many scenarios &quot;объединять&quot; is more about collective effort, you can say &quot;эти два отдела должны объединить свои усилия&quot; but it'll be quite unidiomatic to say &quot;эти два отдела должны соединить свои усилия&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's also an idiom &quot;соединиться в [любовном] экстазе&quot; and other phrases where &quot;соединиться&quot; is about emotional connecting like &quot;соединиться со своей второй половинкой&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd rather say that &quot;соединять/соединяться&quot; in some subtle cases is more about taking heterogenous entities and making them on some level of abstraction a single entity, while &quot;объединять&quot; is about combining such separate entities but not necessarily losing them as separate entities. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, just like in many of such cases I'd rather recommend to take notice how and in what context these words are used exactly and to just memorize and use exactly that form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2020-03-03T20:29:00.013" LastActivityDate="2020-03-03T20:29:00.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21233" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21230" CreationDate="2020-03-03T12:40:06.837" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Объединяйтесь = unite&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Соединяйтесь = connect&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2020-03-03T12:40:06.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21234" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21230" CreationDate="2020-03-03T12:40:37.273" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A simplier understanding could come from: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;объединяйтесь&quot; to do something together, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;соединяйтесь&quot; to be something together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13192" LastActivityDate="2020-03-03T12:40:37.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21235" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21230" CreationDate="2020-03-03T14:04:05.647" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the modern language, &lt;em&gt;соединяться&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;to connect&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past, &lt;em&gt;соединяться&lt;/em&gt; was used in several different meanings which are now expressed by the other words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;To unite&quot;. In the modern language, &lt;em&gt;объединяться&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;После того великое княжество Литовское иногда существовало отдельно, но чаще соединялось с Польшею под властью одного короля&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Землевладельцы для этого соединялись в определенные товарищества, или «кумпанства»&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Персы начали соединяться в большие партии для совместного возвращения на родину&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;To combine with, to be accompanied with&quot;. In the modern language, &lt;em&gt;сочетаться&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;сопрягаться&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Подвиг, соединяясь с благодарностью, называется уже службой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Но вначале пышность костюмов редко соединялась с изяществом и вкусом&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;… в ней одновременно соединялись почтительность с насмешкой и глупость с плутовством&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;To gather&quot;. In the modern language, &lt;em&gt;собираться&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Дом её был самый модный. У ней соединялось лучшее парижское общество&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;В университете соединялись люди всех свободных состояний (крепостные же не допускались)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Когда-то, вспомнилось мне, здесь, в этих стенах, соединялись все художественные русские силы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;To merge&quot;. In the modern language, &lt;em&gt;сливаться&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Сколько я себя помню, представление о Михаиле Петровиче как профессоре всегда соединялось в моих мыслях с его издательскою деятельностью как журналиста&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;― Для Саво-ойского?! ― изумленно переспросили собеседники, в воображении которых с понятием о Савойском доме соединялось представление о Викторе-Эммануиле, о Кавуре, о Гарибальди и даже о Мадзини.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;To communicate (as in vessels)&quot;. In the modern language, &lt;em&gt;сообщаться&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я натолкнулся на новое озеро, с которым соединялась промоина&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Широким руслом, разливающимся по плоской равнине, соединяется он с Щугором с правой стороны&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&quot;To associate&quot;. In the modern language, &lt;em&gt;ассоциироваться&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Но до настоящего времени с именем Грановского соединяется для студента все светлое и привлекательное&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;… и он помнил хорошо, что с этим именем соединяется что-то особенное и очень негодное&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Ни слова жалобы, ни прощаний и слез, ни утешений и завещаний ― ничего, что соединяется с представлением о смерти&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All these words are not new and have been used in almost the same senses in the past, synonymously with &lt;em&gt;соединяться&lt;/em&gt;. But by now, they have almost completely replaced the latter in their respective meanings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!&lt;/em&gt; is a line from The Communist Manifesto, first translated into Russian in 1869, which had been since fossilized in its current form. Had this translation been first made these days, this line would have probably been &lt;em&gt;Пролетарии всех стран, объединяйтесь!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same stands for the Russian names of the United States and the United Kingdom: &lt;em&gt;Соединённые Штаты&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Соединённое Королевство&lt;/em&gt;. Now it would sooner be &lt;em&gt;Объединённые Штаты&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Объединённое Королевство&lt;/em&gt;, same as &lt;em&gt;Объединённые Арабские Эмираты&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-03-04T12:16:44.227" LastActivityDate="2020-03-04T12:16:44.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21236" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-04T14:04:52.127" Score="2" ViewCount="140" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would it make sense to say &quot;Я очень экономичный муж&quot;, or &quot;У меня такая экономичная собака&quot; when someone wishes to allude to his being frugal with apparel, meal, diversions etc. Or a dog is small and consumes little. And all this allows to spare the family money on the whole.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="12275" LastEditDate="2020-03-04T14:54:17.260" LastActivityDate="2020-03-05T17:52:51.233" Title="The adjective &quot;экономичный&quot; to modify animate objects" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21236" CreationDate="2020-03-04T15:46:17.227" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, it looks like the word you are looking for is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;экономный&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, like in phrase &quot;Мой муж очень экономный и старается не делать лишних трат&quot;. It's an exercise left to the reader imagine saying the same about dog - but &quot;экономная собака&quot; is as valid as, don't know, &quot;щепетильная собака&quot; - why the hell not after all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With inanimate object adjective &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;экономичный&quot;&lt;/a&gt; is used (in a meaning close to ergonomic, like in &quot;экономичный двигатель&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both of these word should not be confused with &quot;экономический&quot; - using them interchangeably is a mistake. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-03-04T15:51:32.550" LastActivityDate="2020-03-04T15:51:32.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21236" CreationDate="2020-03-04T16:00:44.127" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, you can't say &lt;em&gt;экономичный&lt;/em&gt; meaning &quot;frugal&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Экономичный&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;cost effective&quot;, &quot;frugal&quot; would be &lt;em&gt;экономный&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter is a neutral term, the former is objectification (the figure of speech opposite to personification).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, you can certainly say &lt;em&gt;у меня очень экономичный муж&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;у меня очень экономичная собака&lt;/em&gt; meaning &quot;I have a very cost effective husband&quot; or &quot;I have a very cost effective dog&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would mean that they perform at the same level as conventional husbands and dogs, but require less investment and less maintenance. They consume less resources and yield higher ROI.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They might not look as fancy as other husbands and dogs, and be less comfortable, but they produce more measurable output for one ruble invested in them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to say that your husband is frugal and controls his expenses (rather than consuming less resources which you, in your generosity, allot for him), you should use the word &lt;em&gt;экономный&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-03-05T17:52:51.233" LastActivityDate="2020-03-05T17:52:51.233" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21239" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-04T16:37:42.857" Score="7" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a Russian dialogue course, I came across the following snippet in which the questioner uses the imperfective phrase &lt;strong&gt;мне выходить&lt;/strong&gt;, and the respondent uses the perfective phrase &lt;strong&gt;вам выйти&lt;/strong&gt;, and was curious as to why the conscious choice to use a different verb aspect in the response than that used in the original question: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;А на какой станции метро мне выходить?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Лучше всего вам выйти на станции «Площадь восстания».&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2020-03-06T12:58:09.947" Title="Choice of aspect in question and answer" Tags="&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21240" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21241" CreationDate="2020-03-04T16:44:06.763" Score="5" ViewCount="176" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the opening line in a dialog from a Russian course:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я заказывал у вас номер по телефону.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is the imperfective заказывал used here instead of заказал if the speaker completed the booking in the past? I would have expected я заказал у вас номер assuming that the speaker did in fact book a room previously. Am I missing something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2020-03-09T18:19:11.450" Title="Use of the imperfective where the perfective would be expected to express a completed action in the past" Tags="&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21241" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21240" CreationDate="2020-03-04T16:59:25.203" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Compare the phrases &quot;я заказал вам номер&quot; and &quot;я заказывал вам номер&quot;. The first one is about the very fact of booking, and the speaker is informing someone that this job is done. When someoone is using the form &quot;заказывал,&quot; the emphasis is not on the booking itself - it's just a phrase that's used as a link to what follows next, as in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я заказывал вам номер, но вы по прилёте лучше позвоните и уточните. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So imagine that your sentence has a second part, such as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я заказывал у вас номер [и вот теперь я хочу заселиться]. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы заказывали у вас столик [и вот мы пришли].&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's nothing stopping you from using the perfective form in such cases, but the de-facto imperfective is also used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-03-06T09:39:26.113" LastActivityDate="2020-03-06T09:39:26.113" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21242" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21243" CreationDate="2020-03-04T18:03:07.147" Score="3" ViewCount="233" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Wiktionary I see [ə] (in full: [ˈɛxə]), but what I hear in various samples is not fully a fully reduced schwa but something more like the semi-reduced pronunciation [ɐ] of &amp;lt;а&gt; and &amp;lt;о&gt;, or even (in some speakers &lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%BE/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;on Forvo&lt;/a&gt;, for example) a short [o]. What rules apply to this situation, and to what extent does it depend on dialect or context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I gather from &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/21243/12497&quot;&gt;Sergey Slepov’s answer&lt;/a&gt; that it is indeed semi-reduced, but I am also interested in when people use [o] rather than [ɐ]. Does this suggest anything about the speaker, e.g. where they come from, their age or their education? Or does it convey extra semantic information, e.g. about emphasis or a question? And how was it pronounced on the heavily standardised TV in the USSR?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12497" LastEditorUserId="12497" LastEditDate="2020-03-05T14:16:31.060" LastActivityDate="2020-03-06T14:22:35.630" Title="How should the final &quot;о&quot; in &quot;эхо&quot; be pronounced?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21243" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21242" CreationDate="2020-03-04T18:13:08.240" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right. Unstressed word-final vowels are only reduced half-way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a quote from &lt;a href=&quot;https://fonetica.philol.msu.ru/lena-1/vocal/v8_1.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Phonetics&lt;/a&gt; by Moscow State University authors:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The following unstressed syllables undergo a weak reduction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the first syllable before the stressed syllable&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the word-initial syllable that starts with a vowel&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the word-final open syllable&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &amp;quot;о&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;эхо&amp;quot; falls under case number 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The absence of reduction in &amp;quot;о&amp;quot; (as in Postscripter2's sample on Forvo) can mean that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The speaker is over-pronouncing. Reasons may include trying to get across the exact spelling of a word which is probably what Postscripter2 did, quite possibly inadvertently. Teachers often get into the habit of over-pronouncing when dictating or simply reading off a sheet of paper.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The speaker is a native of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Russian_dialects&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Northern Russian dialect&lt;/a&gt; which has &lt;em&gt;okanie&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;оканье&lt;/a&gt;) (think Vologda). Such people are quite rare these days.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The speaker's first language is not Russian or is influenced by another language with &lt;em&gt;okanie&lt;/em&gt; e.g. Ukrainian. Most Slavic languages except for Russian have &lt;em&gt;okanie&lt;/em&gt;, i.e. no reduction of &amp;quot;o&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also my answer to &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/20741/2104&quot;&gt;this very similar question&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-03-06T14:22:35.630" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21239" CreationDate="2020-03-04T18:47:43.023" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian imperfective and perfective verbs, in what is technically the imperative, convey different moods: &lt;em&gt;сядьте&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;выйдите&lt;/em&gt; are imperatives (&quot;do as you're told&quot;), &lt;em&gt;садитесь&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;выходите&lt;/em&gt; are optatives (&quot;do if you feel like that&quot;). This is close to English &quot;go&quot; vs &quot;you should be going.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same holds for interrogative dative constructs: &lt;em&gt;мне выйти?&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;do you want me to get off?&quot; and &lt;em&gt;мне выходить&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;shall I be getting off?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you ask a stranger &lt;em&gt;где мне выйти?&lt;/em&gt;, it would be somewhat rude for them to answer this question as asked and it's somewhat rude for you to force them to answer this question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's why you use the imperfective construct when asking the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If they were to answer you in the imperative, they would have probably used the imperfective in their answer too: &lt;em&gt;Выходите на Площади Восстания&lt;/em&gt;. This would be a perfectly valid and polite answer, something you're likely to actually hear in the St. Petersburg metro.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But they are using an indirect phrase, and this modality rule does not work (or, rather, is much weaker) in this case. So they're using the perfective, as &lt;em&gt;лучше всего вам выходить&lt;/em&gt; would mean something you would do every day, not just once.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same way, you could have used the indirect phrase in your question: &lt;em&gt;где мне лучше выйти&lt;/em&gt; and this would be ok too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that all above are very fine shades of politeness, so you can probably hear all combinations of perfective and imperfective in real speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's very similar to the difference between &quot;you should go&quot; vs. &quot;you better go&quot; vs. &quot;you should be going&quot; vs. &quot;you better be going&quot; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2020-03-06T12:58:09.947" LastActivityDate="2020-03-06T12:58:09.947" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21240" CreationDate="2020-03-04T19:18:24.087" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are 2 possible options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Imperfective form highlights that the transaction is &lt;strong&gt;incomplete&lt;/strong&gt;, in a polite manner. One might have ordered something, but the order has not been fulfilled yet. Using perfective for incomplete transaction &quot;Я заказал у вас номер по телефону&quot; may be seen as a prelude to a bitter complaint. This politeness is useful when talking to a transaction counterpart. When talking to a third party, perfective form is the norm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Imprefective form indicates repeated action in the past. &quot;Я заказывал у вас номер по телефону&quot; - I booked a room many times in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2020-03-04T19:23:35.203" LastActivityDate="2020-03-04T19:23:35.203" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21246" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-05T06:08:38.427" Score="4" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &quot;Распространять клевету в отношении Китая&quot; and &quot;Распространять клевету о Китае&quot;? Is there a slight difference in meaning there?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2020-03-05T10:48:49.083" Title="&quot;клеветa в отношении чего-то&quot; vs. &quot;клеветa о чём-то&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21246" CreationDate="2020-03-05T07:19:47.603" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;What’s the difference between “spreading rumors concerning China” and spreading rumors about China”?. Pretty much the same difference is in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, there’s not much of a difference. Any language possess certain level of redundancy, one can speculate that there’s very subtle connotational differences, but I’d rather not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However “распространять клевету в отношении кого-либо/чего-либо» sounds too official, bureaucratic even. You most probably hear something like this in TV news but not in a casual speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, to be more strict, it rather be &quot;клевета на Китай&quot;, not &quot;клевета о Китае&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-03-05T08:07:33.140" LastActivityDate="2020-03-05T08:07:33.140" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21248" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21246" CreationDate="2020-03-05T10:48:49.083" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first sounds OK I guess, since it implies that a whole country (China) is falsely accused of something, so the formal language (в отношении) is expected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second sounds slightly incorrect and quite informal, for the most grammatically correct form is 'клевета на Китай'. But since it's not a person who is involved, but a whole country, the first seems to sound not bad at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2020-03-05T10:48:49.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21249" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21242" CreationDate="2020-03-05T10:58:25.453" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Using heavily English-centric IPA to describe Russian pronunciation is a bad idea. In Russian phonetic analysis the word is analyzed as [эха].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2020-03-05T10:58:25.453" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21236" CreationDate="2020-03-05T11:19:11.013" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you mean frugal (person) or that a dog doesn't require a lot of money to keep, 'экономичный' makes no sense. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Экономичный&lt;/strong&gt; implies equipment, method of production, etc. which saves energy, time and resources. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can say 'экономный муж' , meaning he doesn't buy expensive things and always thinks how to spend money, i.e. FRUGAL. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the dog, it's tricky. I can't think of an adjective to express the idea of 'dog inexpensive to have'. A description may be required, e.g. &lt;em&gt;на такую собаку не надо тратить много денег и времени (apparently some dogs are cheaper to have)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It should be noted that Russian and English adjectives with the 'economy' root may and do have different shades of meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2020-03-05T11:19:11.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21251" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21188" CreationDate="2020-03-05T12:21:11.143" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The important part of your question mentions intergender relationships. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So you are right that much depends on culture and degree of rudeness, acceptance of rude emotions (or just emotions). So such questions, they are more than just language questions, they are cultural questions. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think it's a cultural fact that in Russia (and some ex-Soviet countries) there is a substantial number of both men and women who are unhappy, lonely, had unhappy relations in the past. Hence the existence of such simple emotional phrases as 'All men are...', 'All women are...'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's just an example of gender relations and how language is connected with them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think that many speakers of Russian very often tolerate or use strong, emotional phrases in everyday situations (especially uneducated speakers). And this may apply not to other gender, but to other ethnic groups, sexual orientation, social groups.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2020-03-05T12:21:11.143" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21252" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21239" CreationDate="2020-03-05T23:06:39.117" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;While (very) fine shades of politeness may exist, I can't but mention that at least in the Russian I'm familiar with, this dialogue with aspects interchanged&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;А на какой станции метро мне выйти?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Лучше всего вам выходить на станции «Площадь восстания».&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;sounds almost exactly the same, and most speakers won't notice any difference at all, provided that this is a dialogue regarding a one-off trip.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if a daily routine is being discussed, only the imperfective (&lt;code&gt;выходить&lt;/code&gt;) will do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6163" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2020-03-06T12:53:32.200" LastActivityDate="2020-03-06T12:53:32.200" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21253" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-06T00:19:34.827" Score="0" ViewCount="240" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why does the following sentence use &lt;code&gt;НСВ готовил&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;CB приготовил&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Повар 3 часа готовил обед. &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I use &lt;code&gt;готовил&lt;/code&gt; doesn't that mean I regularly cooked for 3 hours?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13231" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-03-06T08:28:30.117" LastActivityDate="2020-03-20T23:38:04.547" Title="&quot;Готовил&quot; vs &quot;приготовил&quot; usage in emphasising time" Tags="&lt;aspect&gt;&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21253" CreationDate="2020-03-06T05:15:44.067" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This use implies the process of cooking, i.e. he was physically doing something (cooking, cutting, washing, waiting, checking) for 3 hours. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But one can say Повар &lt;em&gt;приготовил&lt;/em&gt; обед за 3 часа. - This is the statement of fact, i.e. It took him 3 hours to make the dinner. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10247" LastActivityDate="2020-03-06T05:15:44.067" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21240" CreationDate="2020-03-06T19:01:54.763" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The asker is unsure whether the booking is still valid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe he came too late or he is unsure if the booking was properly registered or he did not properly pay etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2020-03-06T19:01:54.763" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21256" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-09T12:06:43.810" Score="3" ViewCount="286" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как называется фигура, которая по-английски называется stadium или obround?  Множество точек, расстояние от которых до заданного отрезка не больше R.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2020-03-11T12:34:06.400" Title="Как по-русски obround?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21256" CreationDate="2020-03-09T12:29:11.283" Score="3" Body="&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;Это не авторитетный ответ, но&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.com/m.exe?a=3&amp;l1=1&amp;l2=2&amp;s=obround&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Multitran&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;предлагает перевод «&lt;i&gt;obround tube&lt;/i&gt;» как «труба плоскоовального&#xA;сечения», и Google выдаёт похожие формы по запросу «плоскоовальный».&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2020-03-09T12:29:11.283" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21258" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-09T15:26:52.443" Score="1" ViewCount="117" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it correct to say that &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; Russian consonants are subject to secondary articulation: the &lt;em&gt;soft&lt;/em&gt; ones are palatalized, whereas the &lt;em&gt;hard&lt;/em&gt; ones are velarized?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9788" LastActivityDate="2020-03-09T21:46:18.837" Title="Secondary articulation in Russian" Tags="&lt;согласные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21258" CreationDate="2020-03-09T15:45:13.687" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most but not all:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ч&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;щ&lt;/strong&gt; are always soft&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ж&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;ш&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;ц&lt;/strong&gt; are always hard.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-03-09T21:46:18.837" LastActivityDate="2020-03-09T21:46:18.837" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21240" CreationDate="2020-03-09T18:19:11.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This has always been one of the trickiest nuances of aspect to me. If you haven't already seen it, look for section 258 of Terence Wade's &quot;Comprehensive Russian Grammar,&quot; on using the imperfective for &quot;statement of fact&quot; – when there is no emphasis on result, little or no particular context (at least not yet, in your example): a &quot;contextual vacuum,&quot; as Wade puts it. I was able to find the &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=_hYYPmyosHQC&amp;amp;pg=PA302&amp;amp;lpg=PA302&amp;amp;dq=wade%20russian%20%22contextual%20vacuum%22&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=T1cuVzi9cr&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U2-u6dLpS0eGPejCOivZioczmEiiA&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwiH2Kf8o4HoAhVUMn0KHXGaA0UQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=wade%20russian%20%22contextual%20vacuum%22&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;relevant pages&lt;/a&gt; at books.google.com. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7716" LastActivityDate="2020-03-09T18:19:11.450" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21211" CreationDate="2020-03-10T01:35:21.467" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am VERY impressed with your translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may want to continue like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Но схватка с вепрем в дикой чаще&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Любых желаний будет слаще.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11511" LastEditorUserId="11511" LastEditDate="2020-03-11T19:37:13.047" LastActivityDate="2020-03-11T19:37:13.047" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21263" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21253" CreationDate="2020-03-10T10:28:24.500" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Повар три часа готовил обед.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means exactly the process that in English is expressed with present perfect continuous&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The chef has been cooking lunch for three hours.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We do not speak about the result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-03-10T10:28:24.500" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21256" CreationDate="2020-03-11T04:34:06.820" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Да просто &lt;em&gt;овал&lt;/em&gt;. Это, конечно, не математически точный термин, но, в отличие от ещё менее определённого английского &lt;em&gt;oval&lt;/em&gt;, подразумевает именно такую симметричную форму.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastActivityDate="2020-03-11T04:34:06.820" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21265" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21256" CreationDate="2020-03-11T04:43:36.927" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;obround&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; comes from PIE form &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;a̯entbhiu̯ortos&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, so the Russian reflex is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;оборот&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2020-03-11T04:43:36.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21266" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-11T12:29:52.743" Score="5" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was recently translating a text from German to Russian and came across the following phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Salzbrezeln mit Preiselbeeren&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which means in English&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Salted pretzels with cranberries&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I translated it to Russian like this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Солёные брецели с брусникой&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am a Russian native speaker and realize that I never use berries in the plural form. Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;чай с малиной, клубника с сахаром, торт с вишней, пирог с ежевикой&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I &lt;strong&gt;never&lt;/strong&gt; use them like this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;чай с малинами, клубники с сахаром, торт с вишнями, пирог с ежевиками&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would you agree with that? In that case is there any reasonable explanation for this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4082" LastActivityDate="2020-03-11T15:12:17.337" Title="Why are berries always used in singular?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21267" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21256" CreationDate="2020-03-11T12:34:06.400" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This type of mathematical figure is referred to as стадион as best as I can tell. In the study of dynamical billiards the shape is called стадион Бунимовича; and if you do a cursory search of the term, you will find many references where the geometric term стадион is used outside the context of dynamical billiards. Here is one example: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.math.nsc.ru/LBRT/g2/english/ssk/0951_p.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.math.nsc.ru/LBRT/g2/english/ssk/0951_p.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6722" LastActivityDate="2020-03-11T12:34:06.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21266" CreationDate="2020-03-11T13:06:52.673" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Names of small berries are usually used as &lt;em&gt;collective nouns&lt;/em&gt; in Russian. In cooking, berries are often used in the form of jam, mashed with sugar, so you can also look at that as &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_noun&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mass nouns&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;em&gt;картошка&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;лук&lt;/em&gt; are always collective: &lt;em&gt;жареная картошка с луком&lt;/em&gt; – usually it means more than one potato and more than one onion. Names of other vegetables can also be collective: &lt;em&gt;выращивают свеклу и капусту&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Names of animals are often collective: &lt;em&gt;охотились на соболя, зайца, били белку, ловили рыбу&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, when it goes about cherries, it is often plural: &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://processing.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=i_grtagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;startyear=1923&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;req=%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D1%81%20%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8&amp;amp;endyear=1943&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;docid=L3BsYWNlL3J1c2NvcnBvcmEvdGV4dHMvZmluYWxpemVkL21haW4vc291cmNlL3ByZTE5NTAveHgtMS9zY2h2YXJ0cy9kcmFrb24ueG1sIzAwMjE=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;пирожки с вишнями&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://processing.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=i_grtagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;startyear=1987&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;req=%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D1%81%20%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8&amp;amp;endyear=2007&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;docid=L3BsYWNlL3J1c2NvcnBvcmEvdGV4dHMvZmluYWxpemVkL21haW4vc291cmNlL3Bvc3QxOTUwL3ZhZ3IvcG90ZXJpL3J5YXphbm92L29tdXR5NC54bWwjMDAxNQ==&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;вареники с вишнями&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-03-11T15:12:17.337" LastActivityDate="2020-03-11T15:12:17.337" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21269" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21112" CreationDate="2020-03-11T15:05:42.573" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Шоссе is a standard road, a highway that goes to a large settlement.&#xA;According to traffic rules the speed limit is 90km/h.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Автострада is a road of better quality. Now this word is not widely used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Автомагистраль is a highway of best quality. It is considered differently in traffic rules. The speed limit is 110km/h or even more, no stops are allowed, no bikes, no horses :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13246" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-03-19T09:43:01.080" LastActivityDate="2020-03-19T09:43:01.080" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21271" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21211" CreationDate="2020-03-12T17:42:53.613" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;The fighting boar&quot; in this context is a beast that defends itself against attacks by a hunter. In the figurative sense, &quot;boar&quot; acts as some kind of difficulty that a brave and courageous man can face. The man gets much more pleasure from overcoming this difficulty than from all other entertainment. In Julian Grenfell's poem, difficulty is compared with &quot;the fighting boar&quot;. It becomes obvious if you read the whole poem. The last line - &quot;True men do ride the fighting boar.&quot; - explains the meaning of the word &quot;fighting&quot; used to the poem. A true man should not be afraid of difficulties. He must &quot;tame&quot; them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on the above, I would translate the word &quot;fighting&quot; as &quot;неукротимый&quot; and the expression &quot;the fighting boar&quot; as &quot;неукротимый зверь&quot;. This may be at the expense of the accuracy of the translation, but for the sake of greater expressivity, because &quot;неукротимый кабан/вепрь&quot; sounds a little redundant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The use of the word &quot;свирепый&quot; suggested by &lt;strong&gt;Александр Кравченко&lt;/strong&gt;, by the way, is quite appropriate, as it seems to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13247" LastActivityDate="2020-03-12T17:42:53.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21272" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-12T20:03:16.117" Score="2" ViewCount="260" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%84&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Барельеф&lt;/a&gt;, мне кажется, это больше из архитетуры, про стакан так не скажешь. А есть ли слово, которое описывает подобные украшения на предметах?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VwsJ3.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/VwsJ3.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2372" LastActivityDate="2020-03-27T11:18:23.703" Title="Как называется выпуклый (рельефный) рисунок/урашение на предмете?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21273" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21272" CreationDate="2020-03-12T20:09:24.280" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Самый точный из известных мне терминов - это &quot;рельефная резьба&quot;. &#xA;Иногда сами такие изделия называют резными, но тут специалисты пусть меня поправят - мне кажется резным может быть что-то не обязательно рельефное. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/V9lTk.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/V9lTk.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если быть ещё чуть точнее, рельефная резьба как-раз &lt;a href=&quot;https://proekt-sam.ru/rezba/relyefnaya-rezba-po-derevu.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;делится на&lt;/a&gt; так называемую глухорельефную и плоскорельефную, последняя как раз делится на барельефную и горельефную. Но вы правы, барельефом это всё-таки (в обиходной речи) не называют.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-03-12T22:46:05.090" LastActivityDate="2020-03-12T22:46:05.090" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21274" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21272" CreationDate="2020-03-12T22:21:51.680" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Выпуклый рисунок - горельеф или барельеф. Если выступает меньше, чем на половину объёма частей, то барельеф, если больше - горельеф.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2020-03-12T22:21:51.680" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21275" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21277" CreationDate="2020-03-13T19:49:13.180" Score="2" ViewCount="263" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to understand this question. &#xA;Does it mean to find some time to spend during the weekend, or does it mean to go through it, as to make it go away?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user13250" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-03-13T19:55:56.487" LastActivityDate="2020-03-18T22:23:33.187" Title="Ну давай когда-то на выходных пересечемся тогда" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21276" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21275" CreationDate="2020-03-13T20:57:19.817" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ну, давай&quot; usually means &quot;so long, bye&quot;. &quot;Пересечёмся&quot; (&quot;we'll cross [each other's way]&quot;) is slang for &quot;we'll meet&quot;. The whole phrase is very colloquial bordering on teenage slang for &quot;See you later, hope we'll see each other at weekend&quot;. &quot;Выходные&quot; is &quot;weekend&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The whole phrase means &quot;Bye, I hope we'll meet at weekend some day&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2020-03-13T20:57:19.817" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21277" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21275" CreationDate="2020-03-13T21:15:44.463" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In colloquial language:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ну давай&lt;/code&gt; when it precedes some action means &quot;let's&quot; or &quot;then let's&quot;. Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;-    Ну  давай  колодец  починим,  -  раздражаясь,  сказал капитан. (Ю. И. Болдырев &quot;Приключения Васи Куролесова&quot;)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Ну давай колодец починим&quot; means &quot;then let us repair (your) well&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;тогда&lt;/code&gt; means then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;когда-то на выходных&lt;/code&gt; means at some time at weekend&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;пересечёмся&lt;/code&gt; on young people's slang means встретимся (meet in plural and future tense)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the whole sentence means &quot;then let us meet some time on weekend&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2020-03-14T21:01:08.753" LastActivityDate="2020-03-14T21:01:08.753" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21278" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21275" CreationDate="2020-03-14T07:14:10.300" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's meet at some weekend then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That is the meaning of the phrase. The main difficulty is пересечемся (slang) meaning &quot;to meet&quot; and perhaps давай, which is actually an invitation to start some action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-03-14T07:14:10.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21279" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21280" CreationDate="2020-03-14T21:06:40.643" Score="2" ViewCount="239" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to figure out this ironic sentence, without context, what 10'шт' would refer to? An inanimate object or a person? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user13250" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-03-14T22:03:43.390" LastActivityDate="2020-03-18T13:16:12.040" Title="Главное чтоб вас 10шт не набралось :)" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21279" CreationDate="2020-03-14T21:09:34.617" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;шт - сокращение от штук.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обычно штуками считают неодушевлённые предметы, но в шутку так могут сказать и о людях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что фраза: &quot;главное, чтобы вас 10 штук (то есть 10 человек) не набралось&quot;. Смысл, скорее всего, тот, что &quot;вас&quot; не должно быть слишком много.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2020-03-14T21:09:34.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21281" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-15T23:58:23.447" Score="2" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have done my research online and this is all the information i have come up with:&#xA;Most verbs with take an accusative/dative case combination. The direct object would be in the accusative case while the indirect object would be in the dative case. But there are some verbs that are irregular where they only take the dative case or the instrumental case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my questions are: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;How do I tell which when a verb takes a different case other than the normal accusative/dative combination?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;When the verb is irregular and takes the dative or instrumental case does both the indirect object and direct object both take the same case. So in other words if the verb takes the dative case rather than the normal accusative/dative combination would both the indirect object and direct object be in the dative case?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3.If the verb governs another case how do I find out what case it governs? I looked on Wikipedia to see if there was information on what case a verb would take but I could not find anything. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you in advance! &#xA;(And if you could i would love examples) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11021" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2020-03-16T14:43:22.603" LastActivityDate="2020-03-16T20:46:23.280" Title="How do I know what case a verb takes?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21282" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21281" CreationDate="2020-03-16T11:41:32.807" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Verb government is quite idiosyncratic in Russian. And so it is in English, to be fair, the only difference being English relies more on prepositions where Russian uses cases (with prepositions). Here is an example of an English idiosyncrasy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to watch a movie&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to listen to music&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why not &quot;watch to a movie&quot; or &quot;listen music&quot;? It's just how it is. The list goes on: &lt;em&gt;accuse of&lt;/em&gt; but &lt;em&gt;blame for&lt;/em&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your best bet would be to use a dictionary. Here is an example entry for &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?lop=x&amp;amp;bts=x&amp;amp;ro=x&amp;amp;zar=x&amp;amp;ag=x&amp;amp;ab=x&amp;amp;sin=x&amp;amp;lv=x&amp;amp;az=x&amp;amp;pe=x&amp;amp;word=%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ОБВИНЯТЬ&lt;/a&gt; 'to accuse / to blame':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ОБВИНЯТЬ — 1. &lt;strong&gt;в чём&lt;/strong&gt; (объект действия). Обвинять в лицемерии; На скамье подсудимых гражданин средних лет с испитым лицом, обвиняемый в растрате и подлогах (Ч.); Старых людей обвиняют вообще в слепой привязанности к прошедшему (П.). 2. &lt;strong&gt;за что&lt;/strong&gt; (причина, основание действия). Семён Петрович тут нас обвинял за неправильную линию и развал работы (Ник.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This says that ОБВИНЯТЬ can be followed by &quot;в чём&quot; (preposition в + Prepositional) or &quot;за что&quot; (preposition за + Accusative).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Verbs are not unique in this respect. Nouns, adjectives and adverbs can also have erratic government patterns (e.g. fond of / interested in). Moreover, different parts of speech with the same meaning can use different government patterns. E.g. интересоваться / увлекаться математикой (to be interested in mathematics) but: интерес к математике / увлечение математикой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is too big of a subject to cover in one post.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-03-16T15:02:44.670" LastActivityDate="2020-03-16T15:02:44.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21283" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20551" CreationDate="2020-03-16T12:55:19.090" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Seems strange to me that no one pointed out that in Russian language grammatical gender should always correspond with physical gender. So папа, дядя, дедушка, парниша, юноша are masculine, despite the ending, because they mean male persons. Конь is masculine and лошадь is feminine because this words mean male and female horses. Same with names: Никита, Данила are masculine, foreign names like Джейн, Кэтрин are feminine. If you know the physical gender you already know the grammatical gender&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13256" LastActivityDate="2020-03-16T12:55:19.090" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21281" CreationDate="2020-03-16T20:46:23.280" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some dictionaries indicate whether the verb is transitive (переходный) or intransitive (непереходный). You can use russian wiktionary for that. So &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this verb&lt;/a&gt; is intransitive in most of its meanings. Few articles on verbs &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(like this one)&lt;/a&gt; have a fancy description of its valency.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps. There is one major remark I can add to this. Reflexive verbs are &lt;a href=&quot;http://rusgram.ru/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C#345&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;very rarely&lt;/a&gt; transitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13257" LastActivityDate="2020-03-16T20:46:23.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21285" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21279" CreationDate="2020-03-18T13:16:12.040" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;шт - Used to indicate the count of objects than person&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13262" LastActivityDate="2020-03-18T13:16:12.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21286" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21287" CreationDate="2020-03-18T20:26:03.480" Score="3" ViewCount="131" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the nominative form of &lt;strong&gt;кутасы&lt;/strong&gt; will be &lt;strong&gt;кутаса&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does &lt;strong&gt;кутаса&lt;/strong&gt; mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found this word in the following sentence, which I took from &#xA;Война и мир (Толстой)/Том I/Часть II/Глава VII:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поглядев на мост, он видел столь же однообразные живые волны солдат, &lt;strong&gt;кутасы&lt;/strong&gt;, &#xA;кивера с чехлами, ранцы, штыки, длинные ружья и из-под киверов лица с широкими скулами,&#xA;ввалившимися щеками и беззаботно-усталыми выражениями и движущиеся ноги по натасканной&#xA;на доски моста липкой грязи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13266" LastActivityDate="2020-03-18T20:40:17.610" Title="what is the nominative for кутасы (and what does it mean)" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21286" CreationDate="2020-03-18T20:40:17.610" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Словарь Ефремовой: &lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/efremova/180087&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Кутáс - м. Шнур с кистью на кивере&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Something like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HGIr6.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/HGIr6.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastActivityDate="2020-03-18T20:40:17.610" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21288" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21275" CreationDate="2020-03-18T22:23:33.187" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literally:&#xA;So let's some time later on one of the weekends meet up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13267" LastActivityDate="2020-03-18T22:23:33.187" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21291" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-20T18:42:03.867" Score="0" ViewCount="37" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know both words have a meaning of &quot;leaving&quot;. But according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://learnrussian.rt.com/grammar-tables/verbs-of-motion-with-the-prefixes-v--vi/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;выйти&lt;/strong&gt; is supposed to be used in the case of predictable result, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Через 5 минут он выйдет из класса.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While выходить is supposed to be used when two actions will be taking place at the same time:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Когда самолёт будет вылетать, информация на табло изменится&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in the exercises there's the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Извините, вы выходите на следующей остановке? – Нет, не выхожу.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It makes more sense to use выйти here since we're talking about a near future, so my question is why is &lt;strong&gt;выходить&lt;/strong&gt; being used here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastActivityDate="2020-03-20T18:42:03.867" Title="Usage of выходить and выйти в будущем времени" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;значение&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2020-03-20T20:09:05.967" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21253" CreationDate="2020-03-20T23:21:11.180" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Strictly, &quot;СВ&quot; means truly finished action, &quot;НСВ&quot; doesn't.&#xA;Let's replace &quot;Повар&quot; with &quot;Рыбак&quot; (fisherman) and &quot;готовить&quot; with &quot;тащить рыбу&quot; (land the fish? - action between fish is in water and fish is in corf).&#xA;So, we can say either &quot;Рыбак тащил рыбу 3 часа, но не вытащил&quot; (He tried for 3 hours, but unsuccessfull), or&#xA; &quot;Рыбак тащил рыбу 3 часа и вытащил&quot; (He tried for 3 hours, and successfull) (It is &quot;НСВ&quot;). Or, we can say (&quot;Рыбак вытащил рыбу за 3 часа&quot;) (he is truly did it, &quot;СВ&quot;).&#xA;In general, in many cases there is no difference between of &quot;СВ&quot; and &quot;НСВ&quot;, if we're talking about of action with known result. &quot;Повар 3 часа готовил обед&quot; and &quot;Повар приготовил обед за 3 часа&quot; can be equal, if cooker was successfull.&#xA;Sorry for my English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13275" LastEditorUserId="13275" LastEditDate="2020-03-20T23:38:04.547" LastActivityDate="2020-03-20T23:38:04.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19764" CreationDate="2020-03-22T08:21:33.007" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;As others pointed out it was required in russian schools at least 8+ years ago. Standard cursive can be found here: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_alphabet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_alphabet&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;code&gt;д&lt;/code&gt; has two common cursive forms: tail going down and up. Latter is non-standard from pre 1918 that survived for some reason (it fits badly for fast writing) and some teachers taught it instead of standard one. Their kids later suffered from this deviation because most Russian teachers won't tolerate such chaos when strict rules exist. It is usually used in Italic fonts. Fonts have different goals, rules and allow madness to spread (like mixing print with cursive and some outdated/strange variations of letters).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's much faster than writing print letters. Russian doctors use it to fill data where block letters aren't required (blazing fast but hard to read for untrained eye).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If print writing is mandatory at work - they will write in it and maybe will use few cursive letters instead of print ones (print ones are very bad for handwriting). If it's not mandatory and they write a lot they'll use cursive and maybe will use few print letters instead of cursive ones. Those who write rarely usually use mixed print-cursive and write same letter in different script depending on some associations in the brain (in word &lt;code&gt;X&lt;/code&gt; they write cursive &lt;code&gt;з&lt;/code&gt; and in word &lt;code&gt;Y&lt;/code&gt; they write print &lt;code&gt;з&lt;/code&gt;). Problem is mainly with Print script being dominant in common information sources and Cursive is dominant in academic studying (lecture notes, seminar notes, etc). If you don't use some knowledge for long time brain 'forgets' it. For most people that's what happens with Cursive while Print script always reinforced by all information mediums.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Average person doesn't need cursive a lot in modern times. But this knowledge is expected if you know how to write down talk/recorded speech and will be doing something like that a lot or will be dealing with handwriting of other people (academia, working with archives, reading some rare snippets of cursive text).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In school I usually practiced writing cursive without looking at notebook. 1st word requires one start location lookup, next word requires only fixed length shift from previous word's end, only few letters can cause some trouble at first. Can't imagine writing print letters like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also training correct cursive writing (calligraphy) improves fine motor skills which are always good. It's simpler than learning to write thousands of hieroglyphics properly and effect also must be smaller.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nowadays I rarely write a lot of text (in school and university it was many pages a day at least 5 days a weak, currently few short notes in a weak with lots of numbers and schemes) and my ability to write cursive properly degraded heavily.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12476" LastActivityDate="2020-03-22T08:21:33.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19764" CreationDate="2020-03-22T15:20:24.033" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a sample of hand-written lyrics done by a Russian born adult (me) prior to seeing this question. I will leave it you to decide whether it's block or cursive. I wanted it to be easy for my son to read so I left many letters unjoined. As you can see, the choice between т and m is somewhat arbitrary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DPhTu.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/DPhTu.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Крылатые качели&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-03-22T15:20:24.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21296" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21297" CreationDate="2020-03-22T16:31:38.630" Score="0" ViewCount="198" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Об&quot; is followed by prepositional case, and according &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.russianlessons.net/grammar/nouns_prepositional.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;to this&lt;/a&gt; page, feminine nouns ending with &quot;я&quot; in prepositional should end with &quot;е&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, it shouldn't be &quot;об Англии&quot; but rather &quot;об Англие&quot;. What do I miss?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4511" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-03-22T18:10:30.403" LastActivityDate="2020-03-22T18:18:58.873" Title="Why it is &quot;об Англии&quot;, but not &quot;об Англиe&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21296" CreationDate="2020-03-22T18:18:58.873" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The resource you were referring to oversimplified things too much. Words ending with &quot;ь&quot;, &quot;ия&quot;, &quot;ие&quot;, &quot;ий&quot; end with &quot;и&quot; in prepositional, so &quot;о речи&quot;, &quot;о Франции&quot;, &quot;о знамении&quot; and &quot;об аграрии&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I recommend you to refer to wiktionary whenever you have doubts - Russian section always comes with declensions, with &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Англия&quot;&lt;/a&gt; being no exception to that rule. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-03-22T18:18:58.873" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21299" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21301" CreationDate="2020-03-23T08:05:49.697" Score="0" ViewCount="171" Body="&lt;p&gt;В одном тексте есть следующая фраза:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Порядка 10% (россиян) проходили обучающие онлайн-курсы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Каково значение слова &lt;strong&gt;порядка&lt;/strong&gt; в этом контексте? Я бы догадался, что оно такое же как &quot;около&quot;. Но &lt;em&gt;порядок&lt;/em&gt; переводится как &lt;em&gt;&quot;order&quot;&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;&quot;sequence&quot;&lt;/em&gt; по-английски, и причём оно в родительном падеже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Заранее спасибо за ответы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8961" LastEditorUserId="13257" LastEditDate="2020-03-23T11:49:29.607" LastActivityDate="2020-03-23T14:15:17.113" Title="Значение слова &quot;порядка&quot; в определённом контексте" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21300" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21299" CreationDate="2020-03-23T09:33:15.487" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Порядок&lt;/code&gt; means &quot;order of magnitude&quot; here or just &quot;around&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, I don't think they meant strict mathematical meaning, but it's fair to assume it means between 3% and 30% of russans participated in online courses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="310" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2020-03-23T14:15:17.113" LastActivityDate="2020-03-23T14:15:17.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21299" CreationDate="2020-03-23T09:35:08.563" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, this word means &lt;a href=&quot;https://context.reverso.net/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0+10&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;approximately&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://context.reverso.net/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;about&quot;&lt;/a&gt;. It is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;preposition&lt;/a&gt; and it comes from gen.sg. of the word &quot;порядок&quot;, which happens to be used as a term in maths &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;(exponential form)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13257" LastActivityDate="2020-03-23T09:35:08.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21302" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21303" CreationDate="2020-03-25T11:59:20.530" Score="5" ViewCount="789" Body="&lt;p&gt;A former chief sanitary inspector of Russia, Mr. Onishchenko, recently said the following about the chief infection control doctor of the Stavropol region, Ms. Sannikova:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Она долго работает инфекционистом — вот и притупилась бдительность. Не врачам этого не понять. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://versia.ru/glavnyj-infekcionist-stavropolya-irina-sannikova-privezla-iz-ispanii-koronavirus-i-umolchala-o-poezdke-za-granicu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I got very much confused by the construction &lt;strong&gt;не врачам этого не понять&lt;/strong&gt;. It is the first time I see a grammatical construction like this. I am confused as to whether the construction is grammatically and stylistically correct and what is its meaning.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The context is that Ms. Sannikova visited Spain, got infected there with the novel coronavirus, returned to Russia, and resumed her work as usual, engaging in close contacts with a dozen of Russian lecturers and a dozen of students and failing to test herself and observe basic self-quarantine measures. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question: Is the expression &lt;strong&gt;не врачам этого не понять&lt;/strong&gt; grammatically and stylistically okay? If so, what is its meaning?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="14303" LastEditDate="2020-03-30T16:17:07.103" LastActivityDate="2020-04-07T07:05:22.223" Title="Is it correct to say, &quot;Не врачам этого не понять&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;приставки&gt;&lt;particles&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21303" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21302" CreationDate="2020-03-25T12:07:38.043" Score="13" Body="&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;The meaning is:&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;Non-doctors can't/couldn't/can never understand that.&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;Also, I'm pretty sure that this is a misprint.  They probably intended&#xA;to use the prefix “&lt;i&gt;не-&lt;/i&gt;” and not the particle “&lt;i&gt;не&lt;/i&gt;”.&#xA;I would write that sentence as:&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;i&gt;&#xA;Неврачам этого не понять.&#xA;&lt;/i&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&#xA;&lt;b&gt;EDIT:&lt;/b&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://orfogrammka.ru/%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85_%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B5/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;is an article about the “&lt;i&gt;не-&lt;/i&gt;” prefix, which has “&lt;i&gt;неврачи&lt;/i&gt;”,&#xA;as well as other examples like:&#xA;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;i&gt;&#xA;(…) нефранцузы, немарксисты, нехристиане, неспециалисты, немосквичи,&#xA;нерусские, недемократы, непоэты, нетермины, неметаллы, нестихи;  (…)&#xA;&lt;/i&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-03-25T12:07:38.043" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21304" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21305" CreationDate="2020-03-26T23:54:48.217" Score="3" ViewCount="279" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know the title might sound strange since these words convey exactly opposite meaning, but I came across the following text:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Крестьянин спросил моряка, который собирался плыть в Индию:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Где умер Ваш отец?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Он вышел в море и погиб там во время шторма.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;А дедушка?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Он вышел в океан и погиб во время катастрофы.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;На Вашем месте я никогда не &lt;strong&gt;выходил&lt;/strong&gt; бы в море.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Моряк тоже поинтересовался:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;А где умер Ваш отец?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;На своей кровати, в спальне.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;А Ваш дедушка и прадедушка?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Там же.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;На Вашем месте я никогда бы не &lt;strong&gt;входил&lt;/strong&gt; в спальню.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is why is the phrase &#xA;&quot;&lt;em&gt;На Вашем месте я никогда не выходил бы в море&lt;/em&gt;&quot; translated as &quot;If I were You, I would never go to sea.&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb выходить was translated as &quot;entering/going&quot;, but the suffix вы suggests the contrary, that is &quot;leaving/exiting&quot;. Can someone explain what's going on here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9603" LastActivityDate="2020-09-07T12:31:25.173" Title="Using выходить instead of входить" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21305" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21304" CreationDate="2020-03-27T02:07:58.587" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Выйти в море&quot; is a set phrase meaning &quot;to set out to sea&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice how English uses 'out' and Russian uses 'вы-'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could also say &quot;войти в море&quot; but that would mean walking into the sea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-03-27T02:13:47.527" LastActivityDate="2020-03-27T02:13:47.527" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21304" CreationDate="2020-03-27T10:53:52.243" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The prefix (and not a suffix) “вы-” means here (in movement's verbs) a movement from a limited space in a wider one space.&#xA;&amp;quot;выйти&amp;quot; в море, в поле, в степь,в космос, выйти на простор..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Войти&amp;quot; will mean the opposite,enter in a more limited space.&#xA;&amp;quot;войти&amp;quot; в комнату, в порт, в бухту ... в женщину:&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As said above - you can &amp;quot;войти в море&amp;quot; also - but this will mean the entry into the very water of the sea.&#xA;But we don’t say at this style for submarines, usually about life land creatures only. Or, in rare cases (and from coast or air into the sea f.e. - like from large space into smaller) and for an inanimate object, maybe there is a certain metaphor here too - &amp;quot;со стапелей субмарина плавно вошла в море&amp;quot;  ... &amp;quot;торпеда вошла в море, как нож в масло&amp;quot;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or, for a more global case -&amp;quot;эскадра  вошла в Черное Море&amp;quot; ( from the Mediterranean to the Black, for example; entering in a limited space, in this view );&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same applies to other verbs of movement, such as выехать-въехать, вылететь-влететь, etc...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-09-07T12:31:25.173" LastActivityDate="2020-09-07T12:31:25.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21309" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21272" CreationDate="2020-03-27T11:18:23.703" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Также это может быть инкрустация (если не вырезано из объекта подложки) &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastActivityDate="2020-03-27T11:18:23.703" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21310" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-27T12:43:13.847" Score="6" ViewCount="571" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading my copy of The New Penguin Russian Course and I read about the verb &lt;em&gt;идти&lt;/em&gt; (to go by foot); I was excited because I finally knew the meaning behind a song that I sometimes listen to (&lt;em&gt;а снег идёт&lt;/em&gt;). But the following does not make sense: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;а снег идёт&lt;/em&gt; -&gt; &lt;em&gt;and the snow goes by foot&lt;/em&gt; (lit.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why not use the verb &lt;em&gt;падать&lt;/em&gt; (to fall) in this case? Are there multiple meanings of the verb &lt;em&gt;идти&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13294" LastActivityDate="2020-03-28T11:49:04.773" Title="Other meanings of &quot;идти&quot; besides &quot;to go by foot&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21311" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21310" CreationDate="2020-03-27T13:33:26.177" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, идти has a lot of different use cases in Russian, such as (in no particular order):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;functioning (usually about watches) - &quot;часы идут&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;run through - &quot;дорога идёт через лес&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;broadcasted by TV, like in &quot;этот сериал идёт по НТВ&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;used for, applied, like in &quot;эти доски идут на забор&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to suit, like in &quot;эта шляпа ей очень идёт&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;about rain and snow or related atmospheric events - this is the case you've discovered&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;to take intentional actions in particular direction, like in &quot;мы идём на эти непопулярные меры&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and even &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;more&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You actually can say &quot;падает снег&quot; but it's more literal - it's about the actual fact that snow is, well, falling, while &quot;снег идёт&quot; or &quot;дождь идёт&quot; are exact Russian counterparts of English &quot;it's snowing&quot; or &quot;it's raining&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there's a verb &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;дождить&quot;&lt;/a&gt; and I must say that the phrase quoted in the wiktionary &quot;На земле дождила пасмурная хмарь&quot; is extremely, outrageously bookish and honestly nobody talks like this in real life, but don't be put off by this, this verb is no stranger to casual conversation. One can look outside the window and say: &quot;Дождит&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's no similar verb like &quot;снежить&quot; or something though :)&#xA;UPD: As @Quassnoi correctly pointed out, &quot;снежить&quot; is something that actually exist (though de-facto used more rare rather than &quot;дождить&quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2020-03-28T11:49:04.773" LastActivityDate="2020-03-28T11:49:04.773" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21312" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="21314" CreationDate="2020-03-27T16:28:16.700" Score="7" ViewCount="417" Body="&lt;p&gt;In one formal texts I encountered this &quot;&lt;strong&gt;в общей сложности&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; used when addressing the total amount of something. An example context below:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В общей сложности страны СНГ продемонстрировали падение числа изучающих русский ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was told that the в общей сложности is simply synonym for &lt;strong&gt;в итоге&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;в общем&lt;/strong&gt;, even though there is the word сложность included. Does the word add any specific information to the context, and what is the logic behind this adverb? I assume this is used as a stable structure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additional question: are these kind of structures common in Russian? And are their meaning usually logically understandable, or are they mostly distinct cases that just need to be memorized?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8961" LastActivityDate="2020-03-29T05:41:13.677" Title="Logic behind structures like «в общей сложности»" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21312" CreationDate="2020-03-27T17:21:06.510" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe «сложность» here is a verbal noun derived from «сложить» -- add together, and the construct means &quot;having added all together&quot;. «Сложность» alone is not commonly used in that sense though; «в общей сложности» is a set phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2020-03-27T17:21:06.510" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21312" CreationDate="2020-03-27T22:02:43.853" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;В общей сложности&quot; is indeed a synonym of &quot;в итоге&quot;, &quot;в общем&quot; and &quot;в сумме&quot;, but, as usual, there are little nuances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;В общей сложности&quot; used when we are summarizing some measure that was not originally intended to be summarized, or if the process of this summarization is not mathematically sound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is roughly a &quot;precision rank&quot; among these phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;в итоге&quot;, &quot;в сумме&quot; (precise math)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;в общей сложности&quot; (approximate math, or suggestion that precise math is not needed here)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;в общем&quot; (mostly opinion based)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example &quot;В общей сложности страны СНГ продемонстрировали падение числа изучающих русский&quot; it is not clear that initial goal of this exercise was finding a total number of people studying Russian. The goal (total number) is apparently introduced just in this sentence, and that's why &quot;в итоге&quot; and &quot;в сумме&quot; is less appropriate here. &quot;В общем&quot; would be still good here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2020-03-27T22:02:43.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="21315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21304" CreationDate="2020-03-28T12:05:41.990" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because you are going out from the port. You can say &quot;Корабль вышел в море из Новороссийского порта&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same way we say &quot;выйти в космос&quot;, &quot;выйти на улицу&quot;, &quot;выйти на природу&quot;, &quot;выйти в рейс&quot;, &quot;выйти за город&quot; и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2020-03-28T12:05:41.990" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22315" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-03-28T21:17:59.177" Score="5" ViewCount="641" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to translate that name as &quot;Зерафина&quot; but a Russian speaking friend tells me that you can only translate &quot;Seraphina&quot; as Серафина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So are both transliterations for &lt;strong&gt;Seraphina&lt;/strong&gt; correct, or only one and if so, why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Зерафина&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Серафина&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My main language is German, and as the city of Salzburg is translated as Зальцбург and there is no distinction between c and з in German, I don't know which one to use, although I prefer the first one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13260" LastEditorUserId="13260" LastEditDate="2020-03-29T14:04:53.647" LastActivityDate="2020-05-02T15:57:56.647" Title="Transliteration of the name &quot;Seraphina&quot;" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22315" CreationDate="2020-03-28T21:35:29.003" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Strictly speaking, it's &quot;Серафима&quot;, with &quot;м&quot;. Obviously the concept of translation is pretty vague when it comes to names, after all, Peter is not Пётр. However everyone who is named Seraphina in Italian, Spanish or Latin usually (but not always! - see below) is called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;Серафима&quot;&lt;/a&gt; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why in some languages this name is with &quot;n&quot; and in some with &quot;m&quot; is outside of the scope of Russian SE, but &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seraph&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; you can find more on the origin of the male version of the name and it will give you a hint how both versions originated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As of why specifically in Russian it's &quot;Серафима&quot;, not &quot;Зерафина&quot; or &quot;Зерафима&quot; - well, because it was borrowed through Greek where it was in &lt;a href=&quot;https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BC&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; particular form. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But again, translating names and transliterating them are different things. I can imagine that in modern media one can try to transliterate the name rather than use Russian counterpart, even though very similar. In that case it would be Серафина, your friend is right.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, Séraphine Louis, a French painter, is always referred as &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Серафина Луи&lt;/a&gt; in Russian sources, while, for instance, catholic saint &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0,_%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Seraphina di Dio&lt;/a&gt; is Серафима in Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD&lt;/strong&gt;: Now that it's clear that the author is a native German speaker I want to add a couple of things about transliteration of initial German S  followed  by a vowel in general. @svavil added &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;a very useful link&lt;/a&gt; about German transcription in general, it is still not fully complete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is claimed in that article that s followed by a vowel is passes as &quot;з&quot;. For personal names it's actually more complicated than that. Rule of thumb would be that if name considered sort of pure German and has no obvious counterparts in non-Germanic languages, it would be with &quot;з&quot;, so we got Зигфрид. If, on the other hand, this name is not associated purely with, so to speak, Germanic world, we still get &quot;c&quot;. That's why, for instance, Simon which sounds way more closer to a Russian speaker to &quot;Зимон&quot; in its German shape, is still most likely would be passed as &quot;Cимон&quot; in Russian. The same, for instance, with Sebastian (Себастьян). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-03-29T21:09:14.683" LastActivityDate="2020-03-29T21:09:14.683" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21312" CreationDate="2020-03-29T02:56:41.387" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;As recently as 150 years ago, &lt;em&gt;сложность&lt;/em&gt; used to mean &amp;quot;totality, entirety&amp;quot;, something that in the modern language is usually conveyed by the word &lt;em&gt;совокупность&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Но судя о людях и делах людских, должно брать в соображение не отдельные черты или происшествия, а всю их сложность&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Откройся, мать наша, безмерная Русь, мир-государство, во всей полноте своей! Покажи нам всю сложность, все части своего разнообразного состава.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Какая сложность элементов выражена в этой сцене: уездная барыня, устарелая кокетка, смешная мать!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English word &amp;quot;complex&amp;quot; (literally &amp;quot;intertwined&amp;quot;), which came to mean both &amp;quot;hard&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;composed of multiple parts&amp;quot;, had undergone a similar evolution.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В общей сложности&lt;/em&gt; is a set phrase which is using this outdated meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This phrase means &amp;quot;in total&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;in all entirety&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-03-29T05:41:13.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22318" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21302" CreationDate="2020-03-29T12:53:10.170" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is grammatically and stylistically correct.&#xA;It means: &lt;em&gt;not doctors, but usual people, can't never understand that&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is not misprint.&#xA;It is particle &quot;&lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, because it is implied in context as opposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://orfogrammka.ru/OGL02/81920146.html#id-17%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86-%C2%A765%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%C2%A0%D0%BD%D0%B5%C2%A0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;rule&lt;/a&gt;: 4. Пишутся раздельно с  &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt;  существительные, если имеется &lt;strong&gt;или подразумевается&lt;/strong&gt; противопоставление.  &quot;&lt;em&gt;not doctors, but usual people&lt;/em&gt;&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The context is: &lt;em&gt;не врачи, а местные жители и многочисленные комментаторы Instagram возмущены поступком Санниковой&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian people usually don't use (and don't know) such words as &lt;em&gt;нефранцузы, немарксисты, неврачи, немосквичи, недемократы, нелампочка, некот, нестул, непоэты, нетермины, нестихи&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;не-&lt;/em&gt; together), &#xA;but sometime we use such words as &lt;em&gt;неспециалисты, нерусские, неметаллы&lt;/em&gt; (and it is possible to say &lt;em&gt;не специалисты, не русские, не металлы,&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; separately).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often for some words it is possible to apply both rules (&lt;em&gt;не-&lt;/em&gt; together, &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; separately). It depends on what would you like to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prefixe &lt;em&gt;не-&lt;/em&gt; expresses quality. (&lt;em&gt;металлы, неметаллы, специалисты, неспециалисты&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Particle &lt;em&gt;не&lt;/em&gt; expresses opposition or negation. (&lt;em&gt;не металлы, не специалисты&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/lichnye-suschestvitelnye-s-pristavkoy-ne-kto-takoy-neinzhener&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;article&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; about &quot;&lt;em&gt;неврачи&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14303" LastEditorUserId="14303" LastEditDate="2020-04-05T06:02:11.510" LastActivityDate="2020-04-05T06:02:11.510" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22319" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22320" CreationDate="2020-04-03T02:07:36.877" Score="7" ViewCount="1224" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Он работает в субботу&quot; - it looks like a prepositional case, but it doesn't suit the prepositional case rules. Is it accusative case ? If yes why is it accusative, there is no object in it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4511" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-04-04T12:24:27.790" LastActivityDate="2020-04-04T12:24:27.790" Title="Why does &quot;в субботу?&quot; end with &quot;-y&quot;? Is it accusative case?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22320" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22319" CreationDate="2020-04-03T05:44:13.423" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian when we answer the question когда? , we use different prepositions and nouns . The choice of case depends on a noun .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If we use such nouns as &lt;strong&gt;момент, секунда, минута, час, день&lt;/strong&gt; with &quot;эта&quot;, &quot;этот&quot;, the pattern is &lt;strong&gt;В + винительный падеж&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В эту минуту.&#xA;В этот день.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;For days of the week we use the same pattern &lt;strong&gt;(понедельник, вторник, среда, четверг, пятница, суббота, воскресенье)&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;В + винительный падеж&lt;/strong&gt;. Mind that with вторник we use the preposition ВО.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы уезжаем в понедельник.&#xA;Во вторник была хорошая погода. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With &lt;strong&gt;&quot;неделя&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (эта, прошлая, следующая и т.д.) the pattern is &lt;strong&gt;На+ предложный падеж&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На прошлой неделе приехали наши друзья.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With &lt;strong&gt;&quot;месяц&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (этот, прошлый, следующий и т.д.,the pattern is &#xA;&lt;strong&gt;В + предложный падеж.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В следующем месяце будут выборы.&#xA;В июне он нашёл новую работу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With &quot;&lt;strong&gt;год&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (этот, прошлый, следующий и т.д., а также с порядковым номером года) the pattern is &lt;strong&gt;В + местный падеж&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этом году много солнечных дней.&#xA;В 2017-ом мы едем в Россию.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The word &lt;strong&gt;&quot;год&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; can be used in the meaning&quot; at that time&quot; &quot;это время&quot;, &quot;в этот период времени&quot; then &lt;strong&gt;В + винительный падеж.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В год моей жизни в Италии я выучил итальянский язык.&#xA;В годы войны многие уехали из страны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;7&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With &lt;strong&gt;&quot;век&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; the pattern is &lt;strong&gt;В + предложный падеж.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В XX-ом веке сделано много научных открытий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;8&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If &quot;&lt;strong&gt;век&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is used in the meaning &quot;это время&quot;, &quot;в этот период времени&quot;, then use &lt;strong&gt;В + винительный падеж.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы живём в век нанотехнологий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;9&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With &quot;&lt;strong&gt;это время&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; the pattern is &lt;strong&gt;В + винительный падеж.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В это время дверь открылась и вошёл директор.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;10&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;With &quot;&lt;strong&gt;скорое время&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; the pattern is &lt;strong&gt;В + предложный падеж.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В скором времени начнётся строительство нового дома.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;11.With the exact &lt;strong&gt;date&lt;/strong&gt; we use &lt;strong&gt;родительный падеж&lt;/strong&gt;.Mind that this pattern is used only when we answer the question&quot; when&quot; Когда?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Премьера фильма состоялась 20-го июля 2002-ого года.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2020-04-03T18:59:24.443" LastActivityDate="2020-04-03T18:59:24.443" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22321" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22319" CreationDate="2020-04-03T05:47:05.073" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;In languages that have prepositions and cases, like Russian, each preposition in each of its meanings needs a particular case of the noun phrase that follows it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the preposition &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; when used to denote specific time, the cases of the nouns after &lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt; are as follows,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Accusative case:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;the exact time: &lt;em&gt;в &lt;strong&gt;пять&lt;/strong&gt; часов &lt;strong&gt;одну&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;минуту&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (at 5:01); &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;days of the week: &lt;em&gt;в &lt;strong&gt;понедельник&lt;/strong&gt;, в &lt;strong&gt;среду&lt;/strong&gt;, в &lt;strong&gt;пятницу&lt;/strong&gt;, в &lt;strong&gt;субботу&lt;/strong&gt;, в &lt;strong&gt;воскресенье&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prepositional case:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;months: &lt;em&gt;в &lt;strong&gt;январе&lt;/strong&gt;, в &lt;strong&gt;марте&lt;/strong&gt;, в &lt;strong&gt;августе&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;years: &lt;em&gt;в &lt;strong&gt;две тысячи двадцатом году&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;centuries, millennia, geological epochs: &lt;em&gt;в &lt;strong&gt;двадцать первом веке&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;в &lt;strong&gt;третьем тысячелетии&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;в &lt;strong&gt;кайнозойской эре&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (here, accusative is also possible: &lt;em&gt;в &lt;strong&gt;кайнозойскую эру&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The case used after a preposition depends &lt;strong&gt;only&lt;/strong&gt; on the preposition and its meaning in the given utterance, there's no connection with the overall sentence structure or the presence and absence of objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-04-03T05:53:06.997" LastActivityDate="2020-04-03T05:53:06.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22322" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22324" CreationDate="2020-04-03T20:54:23.027" Score="1" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the fourth part of the prologue to &lt;em&gt;Властелин Колец&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;The Lord of the Rings&lt;/em&gt;) I read&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Апрельским утром 1341 &lt;strong&gt;года&lt;/strong&gt; от заселения Хоббитании Бильбо, сам себе на удивленье, вдруг отправился далеко на восток возвращать гномам несметные сокровища, скопленные за много столетий в Подгорном Царстве.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(In the original, passage in {…} apparently omitted in translation): &lt;em&gt;With them he&lt;/em&gt; (Bilbo) &lt;em&gt;set out, to his own lasting astonishment, on a morning of April, it being then the year 1341 Shire-reckoning, on a quest of great treasure, the dwarf-hoards of the Kings under the Mountain, {beneath Erebor in Dale}, far off in the East.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I gather from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; that &lt;strong&gt;года&lt;/strong&gt; here may be го́да (genitive singular) or года́ (nominative or accusative plural), but I had understood from our textbook that nouns agreed with the last word spoken in the number on the basis of 1 ⇒ nominative singular / 2-4 ⇒ genitive singular / 5-9 ⇒ genitive plural. Consulting Wiktionary I see that in fact these rules are for numerals in the nominative or accusative, which would mean that the number 1341 was in some other case and &lt;strong&gt;года&lt;/strong&gt; would be the plural of that same case, but that would make it nominative or accusative, contradicting my previous conclusion. I have also read the &lt;em&gt;Usage Notes&lt;/em&gt; on &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;год&lt;/a&gt; in Wiktionary, but they do not seem to help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Two things that may be relevant: Tolkien may be translated using a somewhat archaic style, and I think that “заселения Хоббитании” is a translation of “Shire-reckoning”, i.e. the calendar used by the hobbits, counted from their settlement (заселения) of the Shire.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is going on here, how is that part of the sentence to be parsed, is the number 1341 a cardinal or an ordinal, how would it (1341) be spelt out, and what case/number (if applicable) is it in? &lt;em&gt;(Answers in English, please!)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12497" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-04-05T21:41:40.827" Title="Which form of год is года here in “1341 года”?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22322" CreationDate="2020-04-03T21:27:27.037" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is special form of referring date. Special in terms that simulates old tales or old Russian language rules. Translator chose that form to make it sounds as a legend (happened long time ago, so no one remembers it for sure). It's not used in modern language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14328" LastActivityDate="2020-04-03T21:27:27.037" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22322" CreationDate="2020-04-03T23:28:09.253" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Апрельским утром 1341 года&lt;/em&gt; would be spelt as &lt;em&gt;Апрельским утром тысяча триста сорок первого года&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Утро (morning) here is ins.sg. The morning is specified to be in April (with the adjective in the same ins.sg.). The morning is the part of the year (very small part, but still). Год is &lt;strong&gt;genitive singular&lt;/strong&gt; as it is something that morning lies within, as it is something that dominates upon the morning. (And ordinal numeral specifies the year as an adjective of some sort). Here are some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это машина моего &lt;em&gt;отца&lt;/em&gt;. This is my father's car.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;  Палец &lt;em&gt;руки&lt;/em&gt;. Finger of the hand.&lt;br/&gt; Член &lt;em&gt;общества&lt;/em&gt;. Member of the society.&lt;br/&gt; Зима — лучшее время &lt;em&gt;года&lt;/em&gt;. Winter is the best time of the year.&lt;br/&gt; Семнадцать мгновений &lt;em&gt;весны&lt;/em&gt;. 17 moments of spring. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This usage of this case is completely normal in modern Russian. It can be used with exact dates: «[The movie will come out] 23 (двадцать третьего) декабря этого года» and with time references not that specific: «В апреле 2025 (двадцать пятого) года», «В начале нашего века» (at the beginning of our century, начало is nom.sg. and век is gen.sg.).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13257" LastEditorUserId="12497" LastEditDate="2020-04-05T21:41:40.827" LastActivityDate="2020-04-05T21:41:40.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22325" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22326" CreationDate="2020-04-05T11:18:30.217" Score="5" ViewCount="244" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm doing some translations and I was wondering, what is the verb &quot;приехать&quot; related to?&#xA;Is it just like English, where it means &quot;coming, getting to someplace&quot;? or, like English, can also have other meanings?&#xA;Is it with a mean of transport ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user13250" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-04-05T14:25:26.740" LastActivityDate="2020-04-05T14:25:26.740" Title="Я думала ещё приехать" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22325" CreationDate="2020-04-05T11:49:19.900" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ochenporusski.com/zdraste-priehali/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; about another meaning of verb &quot;&lt;em&gt;приехали&lt;/em&gt;&quot; (&quot;&lt;em&gt;Приехали!&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;em&gt;Здрасьте, приехали!&lt;/em&gt;&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this meaning is not applied in your sentence &quot;&lt;em&gt;я думала еще приехать&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your case the sentence may has three meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;&lt;em&gt;Я думала &lt;strong&gt;еще&lt;/strong&gt; приехать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; = &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я думала приехать еще раз&lt;/em&gt;&quot;, she&#xA;  decided to come once again.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;or &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;думала еще&lt;/strong&gt; приехать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; = &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я даже хотела приехать, но не смогла&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. &#xA;  She even wanted to come, but she couldn't.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;or &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;думала&lt;/strong&gt; еще приехать&lt;/em&gt;&quot; = &quot;&lt;em&gt;Я думала об этом (приехать еще раз),&#xA;  но пока не решила&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. She thought about it (to come once again), but she&#xA;  hasn't decided yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All three meanings here just &quot;&lt;em&gt;coming, getting to someplace&lt;/em&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14303" LastEditorUserId="14303" LastEditDate="2020-04-05T14:10:45.437" LastActivityDate="2020-04-05T14:10:45.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22328" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21302" CreationDate="2020-04-07T07:05:22.223" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Grammatically and stylistically it's okay, but logically it's pretty absurd. Onishchenko somehow implies that if you are NOT a doctor you can't understand how to behave irresponsibly violating safety regulations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Oh, yeah. Really. ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2020-04-07T07:05:22.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21188" CreationDate="2020-04-07T07:17:18.723" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Life in Russia/USSR has always been harder than in English speaking countries. People in Russia (USSR) have always been more direct and blunt. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's one explanation why this phrase is more common on the internet than its English version with jerks. Russian internet is generally more insulting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5694" LastActivityDate="2020-04-07T07:17:18.723" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2224" CreationDate="2020-04-09T17:15:48.197" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You need to type in Google &quot;Начну на флейте стихи печальны ноты&quot;, for example on the website &lt;a href=&quot;https://musicnotes.info/klassiceskaa-muzyka&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://musicnotes.info/klassiceskaa-muzyka&lt;/a&gt; they were once&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14342" LastActivityDate="2020-04-09T17:15:48.197" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22315" CreationDate="2020-04-10T10:31:38.290" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The previous one is a comprehensive answer. Just want to say, transliteration in Russian is mostly a question of &lt;strong&gt;tradition&lt;/strong&gt; - not of some strict rules. There are a lot of different rules for transliterations from different languages, they co-exist between themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To your question - traditional transliteration for Russian is &lt;strong&gt;Серафина&lt;/strong&gt;. This name was transliterated from French. From French we mostly transliterate by spelling and not by pronunciation. If you'd like to transliterate by German spelling - Зерафина, it won't be a mistake, just an unusual transliteration for Russian ear. Anyway, you have a right for it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14346" LastActivityDate="2020-04-10T10:31:38.290" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22334" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-04-10T20:23:45.010" Score="0" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;I asked this question &lt;a href=&quot;https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/574241/how-can-i-type-russian-characters-with-accents-in-kde&quot;&gt;in the &lt;em&gt;Unix &amp;amp; Linux&lt;/em&gt; community&lt;/a&gt;, where I think it is on-topic but nobody who knows noticed (and answered) it, so I am repeating it here, although I fear it may be off-topic, but at least someone who knows will probably notice!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I use KDE and have enabled the Russian keyboard layout. This works fine except that I see no opportunity to add accents to vowels. Is this in fact possible? I wish to use them in applications such as Kate (which uses Unicode/UTF-8 for my document), to mark accented syllables to aid my pronunciation. The help for System Settings - Keyboard talks about levels of keys, but does not say what that means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I would have expected there to be a dead key for the accent, but cannot find one. If necessary I would be prepared to edit configuration files, but it seems to me unlikely that that would be necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I have my keyboard model set to generic 101-key PC,and my keyboard is a Dell model SK-8115, attached via USB to an Acer laptop. My Linux is Open Suse Leap 15.0 with the latest updates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, I see that the question: “&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/14187/does-anyone-know-of-a-simpler-way-to-add-accents-to-cyrillic-vowels-than-what-is&quot;&gt;Does anyone know of a simpler way to add accents to Cyrillic vowels than what is typically found online?&lt;/a&gt;” is regarded as on-topic and is very close to what I ask, except that is is for MS Windows rather than Linux. I shall post this now, and then see if I can solve my problem with an approach similar to that in the answers to that question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12497" LastEditorUserId="12497" LastEditDate="2020-04-10T22:46:47.447" LastActivityDate="2020-04-10T22:46:47.447" Title="How can I type Russian characters with accents in KDE?" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;&lt;информатика&gt;&lt;typography&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2020-04-10T21:53:33.727" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22335" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-04-11T06:52:22.017" Score="2" ViewCount="311" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a freelancer I recently got in contact with a russian agency on LinkedIn. This person used the 'russian-style smile face' ) quite a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In order to sympathize with this person I was tempted to use it too. Would it be okay to use it as a non-russian-speaking person, or does it seem unauthentic?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14349" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-04-11T21:48:48.713" LastActivityDate="2020-04-11T21:48:48.713" Title="Using Russian-style smile in business conversation )" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22335" CreationDate="2020-04-11T19:29:31.223" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm failing to see how this is about Russian language but rather about common sense and etiquette. Basically someone chatting with you used emoticons and that's completely fine to use emoticons in turn. It's not that like this person will be like: &quot;How dare you!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-04-11T19:29:31.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22338" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22342" CreationDate="2020-04-13T21:01:13.807" Score="5" ViewCount="375" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been learning Russian for quite some time now and I have recently doubled my sources, adding another app. With no big surprise for me, some things do not align, in particular about greetings when you live:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In app1 I was thought about the famous до свидания as a translation to &lt;em&gt;goodbye&lt;/em&gt;, and до скорого as a translation to &lt;em&gt;see you soon&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In app2, &lt;em&gt;see you soon&lt;/em&gt; is instead translated as до встречи.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone enlighten me on the actual meaning of these three phrases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14362" LastActivityDate="2020-04-14T14:11:22.683" Title="Meaning difference between до свидания, до скорого and до встречи" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22340" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22345" CreationDate="2020-04-14T00:57:23.070" Score="2" ViewCount="265" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not speak Russian, however I am trying to write a few lines of convincing (romanized) dialog between two Russian characters. I'm searching for a diminutive or informal word an elderly woman might use to refer to a younger person or group of younger people (male or female).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. if I lovingly call my grandma/the kind old lady next door 'Babushka' [ба́бушка], what are some loving/cute names she might use to call me, or me and a group of my siblings collectively?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please include romanized pronunciation for my benefit :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: Thank you for the input and feedback on the question so far. Let me provide some more context to clarify my intent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm designing a card guessing game which takes place in a Russian folklore / traditional family setting. Please forgive and/or correct any cultural mis-steps in the below, I'm only starting with my understanding of Russian culture :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The setting;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After a family dinner, a grandmother (say 70 years old) takes down her elaborate Matryoshka [матрёшка] stacking doll sets, and arranges them on the floor of the living room. The grandchildren and their friends (say 9-14 years old) gather around to play a family guessing game. Grandma has chosen one doll as her `favourite', and the children must guess which one it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the grandchildren points to some dolls and says &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Babushka, does your favourite doll match any of these dolls?&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Babushka laughs and responds, &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;No ___________, my doll doesn't match any of those ones&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;. The children then continue taking turns guessing to try and figure out which doll is Babushka's favourite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to fill in the blank in the above dialogue with an affectionate diminutive that could refer to any of the young grandchildren and/or their friends (male or female) in this loving, family context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14364" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-04-30T12:57:04.350" Title="Diminutive for Child/Grandchild/Young Person" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22338" CreationDate="2020-04-14T02:17:51.000" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;До скорого&quot; is short for &quot;до скорого свидания&quot;, i.e. basically the same thing but with a bit greater certainty and less formality. On a literal level, it's like &quot;see you soon&quot; vs &quot;see you&quot;, but it's pointless to use literal approach for such things. The only thing that matters is how people use these phrases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both sources you quoted are broadly correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;До свидания&quot; is a standard, plain and somewhat formal &quot;goodbye&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;До скорого&quot; is the closest in meaning to &quot;see you soon&quot;, but can be used in any similar context. You'll hardly find it in formal writing; it's less reserved and friendlier but still rather polite. In usage, it's closer to &quot;see you&quot; rather than to &quot;see you soon&quot;: like the former, it's an 'incomplete' phrase with an implied ending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;До встречи&quot; is technically very similar to &quot;до свидания&quot; (&lt;em&gt;встреча&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;свидание&lt;/em&gt; are almost the same thing). But because &quot;до свидания&quot; is very neutral and standard and does not imply anything, replacing it with &quot;до встречи&quot; implies that you actually intend to meet later. This is why &quot;see you soon&quot; is a reasonable fit, although in modern English it hardly implies such intention anymore. Unlike &quot;до скорого&quot;/&quot;see you&quot;, it is a complete sentence, and thus feels a bit more formal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-04-14T14:11:22.683" LastActivityDate="2020-04-14T14:11:22.683" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22343" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-04-14T02:51:37.107" Score="0" ViewCount="95" Body="&lt;p&gt;I can't think of a good translation for &lt;strong&gt;алгоритмическое обеспечение&lt;/strong&gt;. At first, I would have translated it as &lt;em&gt;mathematical software&lt;/em&gt;, but this site &lt;a href=&quot;https://studfile.net/preview/5443793/page:12/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://studfile.net/preview/5443793/page:12/&lt;/a&gt; states that &lt;strong&gt;алгоритмическое обеспечение&lt;/strong&gt; is a component of &lt;strong&gt;математическое обеспечение&lt;/strong&gt; (which I would also translate as &lt;em&gt;mathematical software&lt;/em&gt;) along with &lt;strong&gt;программное обеспечение&lt;/strong&gt; (I would translate this as &lt;em&gt;software&lt;/em&gt;). It then goes on to say that &lt;strong&gt;программное обеспечение&lt;/strong&gt; is made up of &lt;strong&gt;общее обеспечение&lt;/strong&gt; (I would translate this as &lt;em&gt;system software&lt;/em&gt;) and &lt;strong&gt;специальное обеспечение&lt;/strong&gt; (which I would have translated as &lt;em&gt;application software&lt;/em&gt; if it had not been for the fact that it breaks &lt;strong&gt;специальное обеспечение&lt;/strong&gt; into &lt;strong&gt;общесистемное&lt;/strong&gt; (I would translate this as &lt;em&gt;general purpose software&lt;/em&gt;) and &lt;strong&gt;прикладное программоне обеспечение&lt;/strong&gt; (I would translate this as &lt;em&gt;application software&lt;/em&gt;). I realize there is not always a one-to-one translation for things; but that being said, I fail to see how &lt;strong&gt;алгоритмичекое обеспечение&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;математическое обеспечение&lt;/strong&gt; are being differentiated. By the way, I provided the additional amplifying information (along with my translations) as I felt that it would help in trying to understand a good translation for &lt;strong&gt;алгоритмические обеспечение&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6722" LastActivityDate="2020-04-14T11:17:22.080" Title="Translation of алгоритмическое обеспечение" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2020-04-14T11:21:32.780" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22343" CreationDate="2020-04-14T11:17:22.080" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the original says,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Алгоритмическое обеспечение (АО) - это совокупность математических методов, моделей и алгоритмов, используемых в системе для решения задач и обработки информации.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By itself, обеспечение has a lot of meanings including &lt;em&gt;provision, supply, backup, maintenance, service, support&lt;/em&gt; and many others (see e.g. this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.com/m.exe?s=%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&amp;amp;l1=2&amp;amp;l2=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Multitran page&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would probably go with &lt;strong&gt;Algorithmic tooling&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-04-14T11:17:22.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22340" CreationDate="2020-04-14T17:25:28.647" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this context, the most likely form of address would be &quot;внучек&quot; (grandson) or &quot;внученька&quot; (granddaughter).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally, there is a long list of endearing forms of address for children, in many cases not very generic, but rather &quot;customized&quot; in a particular family.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Мой милый&quot;, &quot;мой маленький&quot;, &quot;мой хороший&quot;, &quot;золотце&quot;, &quot;касатик&quot; (largely obsolete, but certainly can be used by an older generation).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2020-04-14T17:25:28.647" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22346" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-04-15T13:28:31.197" Score="14" ViewCount="4286" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am unclear as to whether the word for a female teacher is &lt;em&gt;учитель&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;учительница&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;училка&lt;/em&gt;.  I believe it could be the first as, although the word is masculine, it refers to a profession and is like &lt;em&gt;врач&lt;/em&gt; which I believe could refer to either a man or a woman. Am I correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10270" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-04-15T17:50:39.477" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T12:10:30.293" Title="Russian word for female teacher" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22347" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22346" CreationDate="2020-04-15T13:47:02.053" Score="33" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Училка&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; is extremely disrespectful and nobody calls teachers like that apart from pupils, &lt;code&gt;учительница&lt;/code&gt; is a widely accepted feminitive, so just go with it. There's ongoing discussion in Russian-language communities whether we should or shouldn't go with feminitives but the truth is that de-facto for some professions feminitives were already a thing, and &quot;учительница&quot; was one of the most known examples. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However it's very unlikely that a feminine teacher will be offended with a phrase like &quot;вы мой лучший учитель&quot;. &lt;code&gt;Учитель&lt;/code&gt; is acceptable, &lt;code&gt;учительница&lt;/code&gt; is appropriate and usually nobody is offended. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that this is very personal. One can be offended to be called &lt;code&gt;поэтесса&lt;/code&gt; one can insist that she is &lt;code&gt;поэтесса&lt;/code&gt; and by no means a &lt;code&gt;поэт&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-04-15T13:57:26.650" LastActivityDate="2020-04-15T13:57:26.650" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22348" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22346" CreationDate="2020-04-16T13:44:28.040" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whilst the previous answer gives a general understanding, I think it's worth adding a few more points here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All three options: &quot;учитель&quot;, &quot;учительница&quot; or &quot;училка&quot; may actually take place and merely depend on how formal the communication is. In the formal, official speech style, the word &quot;учитель&quot; will be used nearly all the time as a name of the profession. Examples are the official letters, certificates, honours etc.: &quot;Учитель Года&quot;, &quot;Лучший учитель школы&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mind that whereas some of the profession names might be used as feminine (mainly, those that are equally common for men and women), many of them would still stay masculine all the time including &quot;педагог&quot; (also meaning &quot;teacher&quot; but a bit broadly), &quot;депутат&quot; etc. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When using an informal, colloquial speech style, it's more common to use feminines when they're available, like in the case of &quot;учитель&quot; -&gt; &quot;учительница&quot;. E.g. in parent-child communications or even in school (teacher-pupil communication), it's common to use &quot;учительница&quot;: &quot;что тебе учительница сказала?&quot;, &quot;Марья Ивановна -- ваша новая учительница географии&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;училка&quot; is clearly the jargon/slang word that teenagers &amp;amp; students often use. Same as &quot;препод&quot; for &quot;преподаватель&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Overall, it's often not obvious and seems barely possible to learn them all, unless you really have to, or are exposed to the demanding environment. However, it's quite easy to check when you need this. E.g. Rosental's could be a great reference: &lt;a href=&quot;http://rozental.gramatik.ru/xxxvi-formy-imen-sushchestvitelnyh/ss-148-rod-nazvaniy-lic-zhenskogo-pola-po-professii-dolzhnosti-i-t-d&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://rozental.gramatik.ru/xxxvi-formy-imen-sushchestvitelnyh/ss-148-rod-nazvaniy-lic-zhenskogo-pola-po-professii-dolzhnosti-i-t-d&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd also recommend the Yandex translator tool which is far ahead of Google or any other online Ru-En translators I know: &#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://translate.yandex.ru/?lang=ru-en&amp;amp;text=%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://translate.yandex.ru/?lang=ru-en&amp;amp;text=%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0&lt;/a&gt; (not affiliated with them anyhow though).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14379" LastActivityDate="2020-04-16T13:44:28.040" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22352" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-04-17T13:12:06.543" Score="1" ViewCount="42" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/latin/stage-1-latin/lessons/lesson-1/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Latin&lt;/a&gt; one does not need to have seperate words for I, you, we, she/he ect it is just inferred by the ending of the first conjugation verbs and the context.  Say for example in &lt;em&gt;I give&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;you give&lt;/em&gt; ect you just change the ending for example &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;das&lt;/em&gt; respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you learn Italian you might have to learn that &lt;em&gt;I give&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;io do&lt;/em&gt; but people just leave off the unnecessary &lt;em&gt;io&lt;/em&gt; just as Latins would have done in some circumstances verbally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is does Russian work the same? Do people just leave the redundant I, you, we, she/he ect when they speak just like Italians do and infer the first conjugation from the verb endings?  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14387" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-04-17T13:16:43.463" LastActivityDate="2020-04-17T13:16:43.463" Title="Do Russian infer the first conjugation from the verb like in Latin and Italians do?" Tags="&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2020-04-17T13:15:58.507" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22356" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22364" CreationDate="2020-04-17T20:41:42.920" Score="6" ViewCount="353" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between лесной орех and фундук? I can't seem to find anything about them, and they both translate to &quot;hazelnut&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13068" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-04-17T21:48:54.250" LastActivityDate="2020-05-20T07:52:57.837" Title="Лесной орех vs фундук" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22357" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22359" CreationDate="2020-04-17T23:10:30.147" Score="1" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, the 'first link' I mention in the title is this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/8001/how-to-tell-a-participle-from-an-adjective&quot;&gt;How to tell a participle from an adjective?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and despite being 5 years old (irrelevant), it is the closest I could find to helping with my question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know in English, participles/verb forms are used as; adjectives, to create a verb tense (not looking down this rabbit hole), or a passive voice (doesn't seem relevant here), but here it seems just as an adjective (assuming these three uses are the same uses in Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could not find a suitable adjective for &lt;strong&gt;'allotted'&lt;/strong&gt;, and all attempts led me to (mostly) PPP participles (In English, despite originating(?) from a verb, this seems a legitimate adjective, both attributively and predicatively). This led me to the above link, and the lower one. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It all started with my attempts at translating this English sentence to Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;I am sitting at my desk, and while observing my allotted time pass, realize that I do not know a sufficient number of Russian words to describe my day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and did so, with marginal success to,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я сижу́ за свои́м столо́м, и (наблюда́я и́ли смотря́)[present imperfective adverbial/gerund], как проходи́ть моё &lt;strong&gt;(вы́деленное и́ли отведённое)&lt;/strong&gt;[past passive perfective participle] вре́мя, понима́ю что не зна́ю доста́точное коли́чество сло́в что́бы опи́сать мой день.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answers in the link above mention a distinction by either &lt;strong&gt;time&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;A participle is a form of a verb that describes change over time. An adjective describes a more permanent attribute.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or.... '&lt;strong&gt;manifestation of change&lt;/strong&gt;',&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;As far as I know, the participles mean &quot;the ones which are being changed&quot; (your example #1), and the adjectives mean &quot;the ones that can be changed&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;though the latter person qualifies this only for the specific examples in that link. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These distinctions do not (seemingly) apply here... 'allotted' definitely won't change over time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is there any concern over using a PPP as an adjective if it doesn't fit the above two qualifications? Would there then be no necessary distinction, and thought, over using PPPs if one cannot find a good adjective?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Further looking around to help find the difference brought up this link, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/16580/use-of-passive-past-participle&quot;&gt;use of passive past participle&lt;/a&gt;, but problems with the example, as well as lack of distinction between how it was used (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&lt;/a&gt; says it is both an adjective and a PPP participle) wasn't enough for me to understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastActivityDate="2020-04-18T12:38:33.203" Title="lack of adjective..... past passive participle? yet its use doesn't fit this first link" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;participle&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22357" CreationDate="2020-04-18T01:01:14.820" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я сижу́ за свои́м столо́м, и (наблюда́я и́ли смотря́)[present imperfective adverbial/gerund], как проходи́ть моё (вы́деленное и́ли отведённое)[past passive perfective participle] вре́мя, понима́ю что не зна́ю доста́точное коли́чество сло́в что́бы опи́сать мой день.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think you are using отведенное here correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я сижу за своим столом и, замечая как проходит &lt;strong&gt;отведенное мне&lt;/strong&gt; время, понимаю, что мне не хватает словарного запаса, чтобы описать мой день.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;отведенное мне&lt;/strong&gt; as in &quot;given to me, allocated to me&quot;.&#xA;In Russian you can say отведенное время, but it will  still mean отведенное мне/ему/нам/someone время.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope this helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user14392" LastActivityDate="2020-04-18T01:01:14.820" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22361" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9244" CreationDate="2020-04-18T06:06:02.727" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;na&quot; literally translates to the english word on. like powering &quot;on&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the letter B (pronounced VVV) means in. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;so the Russians for reasons unknown to science have two ways of saying it. Both or correct you could say &quot;в теории и в практике&quot; (in theory and in practice) and they would both be correct for some reason. At this point it does not necessarily make a difference which word you choose people will understand you. however saying you are &quot;на туалете&quot; is strange but &quot;на Украине&quot; is correct... but &quot;на России&quot; is wrong..... so when talking about a location best use &quot;v&quot; (or in Russian alphabet  B), whichever you choose V is your safe option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14393" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-04-18T11:29:22.280" LastActivityDate="2020-04-18T11:29:22.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9244" CreationDate="2020-04-18T12:28:46.020" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I will also add a hypothesis that &lt;em&gt;в теории&lt;/em&gt; is compared to sources of information like &lt;em&gt;в книгах, в рукописях, в идеях, в мыслях&lt;/em&gt;, while &lt;em&gt;на практике&lt;/em&gt; is like &lt;em&gt;на работе, на деле, на месте, на объекте, на задании&lt;/em&gt; and refers to actually being on location and physically encountering some situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2020-04-18T12:28:46.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22357" CreationDate="2020-04-18T12:38:33.203" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there any concern over using a PPP as an adjective if it doesn't fit the above two qualifications? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'Allotted' &lt;em&gt;does&lt;/em&gt; describe a change: the change between you not having an allotted time and you having one. So it does fit the definition in the link.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Would there then be no necessary distinction, and thought, over using PPPs if one cannot find a good adjective?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adjectives and participles are usually syntactically interchangeable. Except for government patterns: моё отведённое вре́мя sounds not quite correct while моё свобо́дное вре́мя is okay. &quot;отведённое мне вре́мя&quot; is how I would put it which gives away a PPP: Е́сли у меня́ есть отведённое вре́мя, зна́чит, кто-то отвёл мне э́то вре́мя (If I have an allotted time, then someone must have allotted this time to me).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-04-18T12:38:33.203" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22356" CreationDate="2020-04-18T13:14:15.213" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As for everyday (non-specialist) word usage, &lt;strong&gt;фундук&lt;/strong&gt; is a type of nut you ask for in your nearest shop (independently of nut size), but when you gather &lt;em&gt;the same&lt;/em&gt; nuts yourself in the woods, it's rather &lt;strong&gt;лесной орех&lt;/strong&gt;. So фундук is a name, more associated with &lt;em&gt;food industry&lt;/em&gt; (as a product), despite you can often find &lt;em&gt;лесной орех&lt;/em&gt; as a &lt;em&gt;promoted&lt;/em&gt; ingredient in chocolate, etc. - it sounds less formal and a bit more 'alive' (imagined with &lt;em&gt;green leaves&lt;/em&gt; on the nut's top).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5443" LastActivityDate="2020-04-18T13:14:15.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22367" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22368" CreationDate="2020-04-21T21:56:36.667" Score="3" ViewCount="222" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also, I'm curious if there is a reconstructed Slavic root or if it's a loan (nothing found in Derksen).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14415" LastActivityDate="2020-04-21T22:09:23.577" Title="Is there a Russian cognate of Ukrainian кравець, Polish krawiec meaning tailor?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22367" CreationDate="2020-04-21T22:04:19.923" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure about exact proto-Slavic root but it's generally accepted as word of (at least) eastern-Slavic origin. And, as of Russian, yep, cognates for &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;кравець&lt;/a&gt;&quot; are &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;кроить&lt;/a&gt;&quot; and its derivatives, such as &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;крой&lt;/a&gt;&quot;, &quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;закройщик&lt;/a&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Закройщик&quot; is not exactly a tailor but it's a related profession by the way. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-04-21T22:09:23.577" LastActivityDate="2020-04-21T22:09:23.577" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1552" CreationDate="2020-04-22T17:42:21.157" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hm, Cyril and Method were sent to the barbarians up north because they were caught in the act, they weren't really brothers :-). The Glagolitic of Cyril (dedicated to Method) was full of penis and balls symbols, and definitively not the main basis for modern Cyrillic. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After discovering the symbolism, the 5 disciples of Cyril and Method then designed a completely new alphabet with the help of my great-great-great(repeat) grandfather Boris de Groot (Tsar Boris the Great) that was very much based on Greek writing samples. Boris, a great guy, had actually sent some men to free the 5 disciples from a prison in Moravia I believe, and gave them shelter, paper and design supervision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Cyrillic was invented in what is now Bulgaria, which is a neighbor of Greece. I visited a monastery in Bulgaria some years ago where I was allowed to see piles of handwritten 9th century books, and that early Cyrillic looks really very much like Greek. And the T had very long hands on its arm bungling all the way down, looking like an M. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some years later my younger great-great-great(repeat) grandfather, Peter de Groot, (Tsar Peter the Great, who lived in Holland for some time and accidentally got my great-great-great(repeat) grandmother pregnant, who could then use the Dutch form of his name thereafter) who was also a type designer (it runs in the family) reformed the Cyrillic alphabet, but couldn't finish it al the way because he had to go to war with Sweden, which was successful because of propaganda with the new typeface, that was cut by and printed by the Dutch printing office from the family of that great-great-great grandmother, the press and printers were actually shipped to St. Petersburg to work locally. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So Peter was a fan of the n-shaped п, the ɡ-shaped д, and the m-shaped т, and I am a fan of Peter and try to promote such shapes whenever I can. These ɡ-n-m forms and others are officially the preferred shapes in Bulgaria today, but also in many other locales that use the Cyrillic alphabet. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've even spotted a lot of &quot;Bulgarian&quot; shapes in Russia, even more so in the nineties, although conservative Russian typographers from Moscow derogatively call this &quot;local fashion&quot; nowadays :-).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14417" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-04-22T18:21:42.870" LastActivityDate="2020-04-22T18:21:42.870" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22370" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22371" CreationDate="2020-04-23T07:52:23.240" Score="4" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider the verb to send, which my dictionary translates as *посылать (imp.), слать (imp.), послать (perf.). My question is about those cases in which there are &lt;em&gt;two&lt;/em&gt; imperfective forms, like in this one. Is there a general rule about the difference, if there are two?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14419" LastActivityDate="2020-04-24T20:10:32.537" Title="My dictionary sometimes lists two imperfective forms" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;вид&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22371" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22370" CreationDate="2020-04-23T09:49:07.500" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is quite a common case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;слать - посла́ть - посыла́ть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;есть - съесть - съеда́ть&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;жечь - сжечь - сжига́ть, etc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The prefixed imperfective verb normally denotes a periodic action while the unprefixed verb describes a continuous action:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он ка́ждую неде́лю посыла́ет ей пода́рок. - He sends her a gift every week.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Он постоя́нно шлёт ей пода́рки. - He sends her gifts all the time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Он всё вре́мя ест. - He eats all the time / He can't stop eating.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он съеда́ет таре́лку ка́ши ка́ждый день. - He eats one plate of porridge every day.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-04-24T20:10:32.537" LastActivityDate="2020-04-24T20:10:32.537" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22372" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-04-23T18:49:55.990" Score="4" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;This particular excerpt from &amp;quot;The Brothers Karamazov&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Николай Ильич Снегирев-с, русской пехоты бывший штабс-капитан-с, хоть и посрам- ленный своими пороками, но все же штабс-капитан. Скорее бы надо сказать: штабс-капитан Словоерсов, а не Снегирев, ибо лишь со второй половины жизни стал говорить словоерсами. Словоерс приобретается в унижении.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Это так точно, – усмехнулся Алеша, – только невольно приобретается или нарочно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Видит Бог, невольно. Все не говорил, целую жизнь не говорил словоерсами, вдруг упал и встал с словоерсами. Это делается высшею силой. Вижу, что интересуетесь совре- менными вопросами. Чем, однако, мог возбудить столь любопытства, ибо живу в обстановке, невозможной для гостеприимства.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is abridged and translated in the French edition I'm reading as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;« Nicolas Ilitch Sniéguiriov, ex-capitaine en second de l'infanterie&#xA;russe, avili par ses vices mais pourtant capitaine … Pourtant je me&#xA;demande en quoi ai-je pu exciter votre curiosité, car je vis dans des&#xA;conditions qui ne permettent guère de recevoir des visites. »&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a reference to a translator's footnote after &lt;em&gt;capitaine&lt;/em&gt; before the three dots.  Here's what the translator, Henri Mongault, says (with a translation into English):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;« Je dois passer huit lignes intraduisibles en français.  Pour dépeindre son humble condition, le capitaine se livre à une plaisanterie fondée sur une particularité de la langue russe (adjonction d'un&lt;/em&gt; s &lt;em&gt;à la fin des mots, formule révérencieuse employée par les gens de peu). »&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;I have to omit eight lines that cannot be translated into French.  To depict his humble condition, the captain speaks jokingly and uses a peculiarity of the Russian language (the addition of an &lt;em&gt;s&lt;/em&gt; at the end of words, a reverential formula used by common people).&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is what is exactly the peculiarity of Russian, the added &lt;em&gt;s&lt;/em&gt;, that caused such difficulty to the translator that he thought it could not be rendered in French?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12386" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-04-24T06:41:58.610" Title="Why is this passage of The Brothers Karamazov so difficult to translate?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="12" ClosedDate="2020-04-23T21:20:16.510" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2258" CreationDate="2020-04-24T19:47:45.950" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;В советской литературе слово &quot;бог&quot; писалось с маленькой не потому, что &quot;бога нет&quot;, а потому что христианский бог Яхве (Иегова) рассматривался точно так же, как и все другие боги, и ничем от них не отличался. То есть, конкретно христианский Яхве рассматривался не как некое верховное божество, а лишь как один из множества богов. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По этой же причине любой, кто не исповедует какую-либо ветвь христианства, и не обязан писать &quot;бог&quot; с большой буквы, поскольку для любого представителя иной религии Яхве - лишь один из многих (чужих, ложных, вымышленных). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом, способ написания данного слова зависит лишь от собственного отношения говорящего к конкретному божеству: поклоняется он ему или нет. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;p.s. Если кто-то полагает, что Зевс является не только верховным, но и единым божеством (т.е. признаёт его самого, но отрицает его пантеон), то вполне себе может писать Бог Зевс - это вполне соответствует правилам :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14426" LastEditorUserId="14426" LastEditDate="2020-04-24T19:52:52.927" LastActivityDate="2020-04-24T19:52:52.927" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22374" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22378" CreationDate="2020-04-25T07:19:21.967" Score="7" ViewCount="588" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is the word &lt;em&gt;сосед&lt;/em&gt; declined as &lt;em&gt;соседей&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;соседов&lt;/em&gt; since the stem ending is a consonant?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14367" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-04-28T15:52:59.727" LastActivityDate="2020-04-28T15:52:59.727" Title="Сосед in genitive plural" Tags="&lt;conjunctions&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22375" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22382" CreationDate="2020-04-25T09:02:31.620" Score="11" ViewCount="556" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm reading The Brothers Karamazov in the standard French translation of the novel and Henri Mongault, the translator, mentions in one of his notes that he left out the following bit of dialogue (the part in bold) between Smerdyakov and Marya Kondratyevna.  He says it's not translatable and that Smerdyakov is getting angry about a question of pronunciation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;— (…) На базаре говорили, а ваша маменька тоже рассказывать мне пустилась по великой своей неделикатности, что ходила она с колтуном на голове, а росту была всего двух аршин &lt;em&gt;с малыим&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Для чего же &lt;em&gt;с малыим&lt;/em&gt;, когда можно просто «с малым» сказать, как все люди произносят? Слезно выговорить захотелось, так ведь это мужицкая, так сказать, слеза-с, мужицкие самые чувства. Может ли русский мужик против образованного человека чувство иметь? По необразованности своей он никакого чувства не может иметь. Я с самого сыздетства, как услышу, бывало, «с малыим», так точно на стену бы бросился.&lt;/strong&gt; Я всю Россию ненавижу, Марья Кондратьевна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could anyone throw some light on the pronunciation issue Smerdyakov is alluding to?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12386" LastEditorUserId="12386" LastEditDate="2020-04-26T18:33:45.620" LastActivityDate="2020-04-28T15:30:04.233" Title="What is Smerdyakov complaining about in the following passage of The Brothers Karamazov?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22375" CreationDate="2020-04-25T11:55:32.433" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;С малыим&lt;/strong&gt; is Old Church Slavonic for Russian &lt;strong&gt;с малым&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ходила она с колтуном на голове, а росту была всего двух аршин &lt;em&gt;с малыим&lt;/em&gt; (her hair was like a mat on her head, and that she was short of five foot &lt;em&gt;by a wee bit&lt;/em&gt;.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These words are about Smerdyakov's mother, wacky Лизавета Смердящая (Lizaveta the Stinky) whom he hated for giving him birth into the life of poverty and humiliation, into the Russian life as he understood it, that's why he hated Russia, too. It looks like using an Old Church Slavonic (i.e. archaic/elevated/Biblical) word when describing his ugly, stinky, hated mother drove Smerdyakov mad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-04-25T16:15:34.153" LastActivityDate="2020-04-25T16:15:34.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22374" CreationDate="2020-04-25T12:33:03.957" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's just an exception. In Zalizniak's &lt;em&gt;Grammatical Dictionary&lt;/em&gt; this word is marked with the △ sign:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;сосе́д&lt;/strong&gt; мо 1a △ мн. сосе́д|и, -ей, -ям&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramdict.ru/search/%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://gramdict.ru/search/сосед&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This word's stem gets softened in the plural: соседи, соседям, соседях (rather than *соседы, *соседам, *соседах) so the declension follows the soft pattern (as if the nominative singular were *соседь, similar to медведь, лебедь, жёлудь). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to exactly why and how this exception came into existence, I have no information.  At least соседи is consistent throughout the plural. There are cases when softness is lost in just one form, genitive plural: башни - башен (not *башень) but деревни - деревень.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-04-25T12:33:03.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22375" CreationDate="2020-04-27T10:34:33.743" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not a native Russian speaker, but I found an English translation of the entire novel on the Internet, and here is how your excerpt is translated there:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;They used to say in the market, and your mamma too, with great lack of delicacy, set off telling me that her hair was like a mat on her head, and that she was short of five foot by a wee bit. Why talk of a wee bit while she might have said 'a little bit,' like everyone else? She wanted to make it touching, a regular peasant's feeling. Can a Russian peasant be said to feel, in comparison with an educated man? He can't be said to have feeling at all, in his ignorance. From my childhood up when I hear 'a wee bit,' I am ready to burst with rage. I hate all Russia, Marya Kondratyevna.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sure, the translation isn't precise, and my Russian &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/20449/11395&quot;&gt;teacher&lt;/a&gt; would definitely give zero points for such a translation, but it at least gives an idea as to what Smerdyakov is complaining about. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me make a couple of remarks about the above translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To begin with, the phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;так точно на стену бы бросился&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is interpreted there as &lt;em&gt;I am ready to burst with rage&lt;/em&gt;, whilst the literal meaning is rather &lt;em&gt;I'd certainly smash myself against a wall&lt;/em&gt;. Is it an old idiomatic way of expressing the readiness to burst with rage? I don't know, but a quick search in Google suggests that the phrase is used rather to express &lt;a href=&quot;https://m.sport-express.ru/hockey/world-cup/news/patrik-keyn-brosatsya-na-stenu-rano-vperedi-match-s-kanadoy-1045618/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;desperation&lt;/a&gt;, at least in modern Russian. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, I was surprised that the preposition &lt;strong&gt;против&lt;/strong&gt;, whose main meaning in modern Russian is &lt;em&gt;against&lt;/em&gt;, is interpreted there as &lt;em&gt;in comparison with&lt;/em&gt;. Such usage of &lt;strong&gt;против&lt;/strong&gt; seems to be highly uncommon in modern Russian, to say the least. Before I found the English translation of the novel, I interpreted that sentence as follows: &lt;em&gt;Can a Russian peasant have a feeling against an educated man?&lt;/em&gt; This made little sense in the context, so I was puzzled. The translator seems to have gotten the sentence right, as his interpretation of that sentence at least makes some sense in the context. Anyway, the style is highly old-fashioned and clumsy, so you can never be sure. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now let me explain how I understand the pronunciation issue you are asking about. The issue is about the phrase &lt;strong&gt;с малым&lt;/strong&gt;, which means &lt;em&gt;with an additional bit&lt;/em&gt;. That is,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;росту была всего двух аршин с малым&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;means, &quot;She was as short as just two arshins and an additional bit.&quot; An arshin is an old measure of length, commonly believed to be of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C5%9F%C4%B1n&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Turkish&lt;/a&gt; origin, and is about 27 inches long. Pronouncing &lt;strong&gt;с малым&lt;/strong&gt; (s malym) as &lt;strong&gt;с малыим&lt;/strong&gt; (s malyeem) makes the whole thing more touching or emotional, because the last vowel gets lengthened. What Smerdyakov doesn't like is when peasants talk in this way, because he believes that uneducated people like peasants can't really have true feelings, in the first place.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I were to translate the excerpt into English, I would do my best to translate as accurately as possible and, in particular, would come up with something like, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;... that she was as short as just two arshins and a beeeet. Why say beeeet whilst she might have said bit just as people normally do? ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note an important difference between my interpretation and the translation found by me on the Internet. My interpretation is that the woman was two arshins AND an additional bit, whilst the translation found by me on the Internet says that the woman was SHORT OF five feet BY a bit (i.e., five feet minus a bit).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Overall, I find Smerdyakov's way of expressing thoughts in this excerpt to be very chaotic and careless, and I find it ironic that he himself doesn't speak like an educated man, although I'm unsure whether Dostoevsky meant to make such irony. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: I want to clarify something in order to address the OP's comment that says, &quot;I'm still wondering though if Smerdyakov refers to the imitation of a peasant accent or to Old Slavonic ... .&quot; Neither of those. Smerdyakov refers to the same thing as the one described by Maxim Gorky, another Russian writer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Эх вы-и! - часто восклицал он; долгий звук «и-и» всегда вызывал у меня скучное, зябкое чувство.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a translation found by me on the Internet:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Akh, you—u,&quot; he would often exclaim, and the sound of that elongated &quot;ou—u&quot; never failed to stir in me a feeling of cold gloom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's neither an accent nor Old Slavonic, but a touching manner of talking, a talking style in which vowels are occasionally elongated to emotionally touch the communication recipient - &lt;strong&gt;с малы-им&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;эх вы-и&lt;/strong&gt;, etc. It's a kind of speaking from one's heart. It's about loading vowels with emotions. And, as perfectly put by Gorky, such a manner of talking does stir feelings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What Smerdyakov hates is that Russian peasants, whom he considers to be incapable of true feelings because of their ignorance, try to talk emotionally, in the way described above. In other words, he hates to hear naive attempts by uneducated people to express their primitive emotions by manipulating vowels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2020-04-28T09:21:31.080" LastActivityDate="2020-04-28T09:21:31.080" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22382" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22375" CreationDate="2020-04-28T15:22:12.673" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian (and Church Slavonic) adjectives come in two forms: short (&lt;em&gt;мал&lt;/em&gt;) and long (&lt;em&gt;малый&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Etymologically, the ending in the long form is a personal noun. The etymon of the word &lt;em&gt;малый&lt;/em&gt; literally meant &quot;small-he&quot;. You can still see this if you compare the endings of oblique cases of the adjective: &lt;em&gt;мало&lt;strong&gt;го&lt;/strong&gt;, мало&lt;strong&gt;му&lt;/strong&gt;, о мал&lt;strong&gt;ом&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; and those of the personal pronoun &lt;em&gt;он&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;he&quot;): &lt;em&gt;е&lt;strong&gt;го&lt;/strong&gt;, е&lt;strong&gt;му&lt;/strong&gt;, о н&lt;strong&gt;ём&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Initially, the endings of the long forms were serving the same purpose as definite articles in the other languages, however, this function had since been lost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In modern literary Russian, the short forms are only used as predicates: &lt;em&gt;он мал&lt;/em&gt;; and the long forms are used as modifiers: &lt;em&gt;малая панда&lt;/em&gt; &quot;lesser panda&quot;. This is similar to English &quot;it's my book / this book is mine&quot;. This means that the short forms of the adjectives can only be used in nominative in literary Russian, so the short forms don't really have oblique case forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Church Slavonic and in Russian dialects, however, the short forms could be used in other positions, so the distinction between the short form and the long form in sg. m. inst. is a thing: &lt;em&gt;маломь&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;малыимъ&lt;/em&gt; in Old Church Slavonic, and similar in Russian dialects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Modern literary Russian, even though it only uses the long forms for the oblique cases, uses &lt;em&gt;малым&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;малыми&lt;/em&gt; in instrumental, losing one vowel compared to the Church Slavonic counterpart. This is called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraction_(grammar)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;contracted form&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;em&gt;стяжённая форма&lt;/em&gt;). It's not immediately related to the word's etymology, although influenced by it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other Russian dialects do this both ways, sometimes losing the vowels compared to the literary language (&lt;em&gt;белу&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;белую&lt;/em&gt;), sometimes not losing them (&lt;em&gt;белыих&lt;/em&gt; vs &lt;em&gt;белых&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes it's a challenge to figure out whether a dialect is using a short form or a contracted long form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the word &lt;em&gt;малыим&lt;/em&gt; might be a Church Slavonic word, or a dialect word, or something else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not a word used in standard XIX century Russian language, but it is immediately understood by any Russian speaker as something that belongs to &quot;old&quot; or &quot;poetic&quot; language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now back to the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Smerdyakov is apparently not happy with his life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To convey this, the author makes him project his hate on everything around him: rhymes, his mother, the words used to describe his mother, peasants, Russia and everything else.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you read about someone who's getting angry because their partner leaves the cap off the toothpaste tube, or leaves a dish rag &quot;in the sink, not on the sink&quot;, or similar minor issues, you realize that the problem is not with the toothpaste but with their life or their relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is the same literary device: by making Smerdyakov get angry because of slightly non-standard usage of an innocuous word, the author is showing that he has deeper issues and they are torturing him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-04-28T15:30:04.233" LastActivityDate="2020-04-28T15:30:04.233" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22340" CreationDate="2020-04-30T12:57:04.350" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;При обращении к &lt;strong&gt;группе&lt;/strong&gt; детей можно использовать такие слова:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;ребя́та, ребятня́, ребя́тки, ребяти́шки, детвора́, де́тки, внуча́та, внучки́, мелюзга́, молодёжь, молодые люди.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К собственному внуку: ди́тятко, крови́нка, внучо́к, (вну́чек), о́тпрыск, ребятёнок, де́тка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14449" LastActivityDate="2020-04-30T12:57:04.350" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22384" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22386" CreationDate="2020-04-30T18:08:56.110" Score="7" ViewCount="580" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian translations of stories about Spider-Man, the name of that superhero is translated as Человек-Паук (Chelovek-Pauk), which is a composition of the Russian words for man and spider, but you can't find an analogous Russian name for Batman in Russian translations. His name is simply rendered phonetically, Бэтмен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that questions about marketing decisions are off-topic here, so I want to make my question focused on the linguistic aspect of the matter. What I want to learn is how the issue is seen from the standpoint of the Russian language. To be more precise, is there any good possible translation into the Russian, or does just anything sound bad, not catchy, too long, unrelated to the original English name, or simply off the target? In other words, wouldn't Pushkin be able to come up with a smart Russian name for Batman if he were to translate a story about him into Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I myself tried to come up with a good Russian name for that superhero and ended up having a bunch of names to choose from - Летучий Человек, Крылан, Рукокрыл, Рукокрылый, and Летучий. I'm curious how such names would be rated by native Russian speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2020-05-01T06:52:48.833" LastActivityDate="2020-05-08T10:09:09.127" Title="If Spider-Man is Человек-Паук, what would make a good Russian name for Batman?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22384" CreationDate="2020-04-30T18:33:40.593" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sometimes it's just a tradition. For one story, translator translates the name, and it sticks. For another story, the name is transliterated, and it sticks too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mostly it depends on &quot;catchiness&quot; of the name. &quot;Человек-Паук&quot; is short and strong. &quot;Человек-Летучая мышь&quot; is long and a bit weak (in Russian culture, bats did not gather any sinister lore).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A good translator would try to invent a &quot;catchy&quot; character name. One classic example is the translation of &quot;Alice in Wonderland&quot;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81#%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Name translation variants&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Every translator had tried their best to made the most reflective and &quot;catchy&quot; translation of a name from English to Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2020-04-30T18:33:40.593" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22384" CreationDate="2020-05-01T19:09:52.887" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm going to omit marketing requirements in my answer (like the ability to put the localized name of the character into the company approved slot on a piece of merchandise, which is a big thing) and focus on the language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Spider-Man is a man who is also a spider.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He literally &quot;does whatever a spider can&quot;: climbs walls, shoots webs and eats flies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whatever name is chosen in Russian for him, it would better reflect this side of his personality.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batman is a human who is somewhat into bats. He wears a mask with latex ears, drives a bat-themed vehicle and they use this bat-shaped silhouette on the searchlight to summon him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This gives the translator some liberty: it does not need to say &quot;bat&quot; right in the name.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The name should work.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Человек-паук&lt;/em&gt; is a barely okay name: it's not too long, relatively easy to write and pronounce, and is a literal translation of the original. No one gets fired for being too literal.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's a good chance that someone's nickname as a teen was &quot;Spider-man&quot; in the English speaking world, even before the advent of the comic character.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The chance of someone being called &quot;человек-паук&quot; on a regular basis, as a moniker, in Russian is slim.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's not that good a translation, but it would do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Человек — летучая мышь&lt;/em&gt; is just plain unacceptable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, &lt;em&gt;летучая мышь&lt;/em&gt; is a feminine name in Russian which means it would only work for a female character in storytelling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, it's not something you can pronounce more than once. It's gonna be contracted one way or another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Бэтмен&lt;/em&gt; is just shorter and it is the original. And no one gets fired for using the original.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The name should be catchy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some writers have an ear for things like this, others do not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Человек-паук&lt;/em&gt; is not the best name out there, but it's catchy enough. Just by saying it out loud, everyone immediately gets who are you talking about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нетопырь&lt;/em&gt; and all other chiropteran names give the wrong idea about the character. This is a good name for a small minion to The Viy, not for a grim and troubled vigilante billionaire. Those just don't ring the right bells in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's something that one can get used to, like everyone did with &lt;em&gt;Человек-паук&lt;/em&gt;, but it's not the best option or even a good option.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All this requirements have something in common. If you can't come up with a really good name which would click, there's always a safe default way: just use the original.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There were many failed attempts to come up with a good translation for a foreign name or nickname into Russian which had since defaulted to the original: &lt;em&gt;Румпельштильцхен&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Хламушка&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Гном-Тихогром&lt;/em&gt;); &lt;em&gt;Рапунцель&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Колокольчик&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;Оле-Лукойе&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Оле — Закрой Глазки&lt;/em&gt;) etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can't say with confidence that it's impossible to translate this name into Russian, but apparently it's not that easy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are good translations for Cinderella, Thumbelina, Snow White and Spider-Man but there are none for Rumpelstilzchen, Ole Lukøje, Rapunzel and Batman. Those from the last group have defaulted to the originals, and not because people didn't try.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the answer to your question would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Not all names are made equal, even if they use the same pattern in the original language.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spider-man works in Russian translation, Batman doesn't and he's in a good company.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course it may happen so that the minute after I post this answer someone would come up with a brilliant translation for Batman which would then get traction, become approved by DC Comics and make its author a fortune.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would make me feel embarrassed but happy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it didn't happen to lots of names and, from the looks of it, not gonna happen to Batman either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-05-01T19:29:42.287" LastActivityDate="2020-05-01T19:29:42.287" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22387" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-02T03:10:44.030" Score="0" ViewCount="232" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you say &quot;Kiss me&quot; to a man in Russian? I ask this because I've seen that some phrases change if you say it to a woman or a man, so I'd like to know how can a woman say &quot;kiss me&quot; to a man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13021" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-05-02T13:20:29.883" LastActivityDate="2020-05-02T13:20:29.883" Title="How do you say &quot;Kiss me&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;словарь&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2020-05-02T12:27:39.120" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22387" CreationDate="2020-05-02T09:24:56.220" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;А woman can either say (timidly) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поцелуй меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or more demanding &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Целуй меня, целуй!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wouldn't say it somehow differs with men. There is an old song Вдоль по Питерской, where the man sings &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поцелуй же меня, кума-душечка! Ну поцелуй!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But let them speak for themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-05-02T09:24:56.220" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22390" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22315" CreationDate="2020-05-02T15:57:56.647" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The main difference here is between &lt;strong&gt;translations&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;transliterations.&lt;/strong&gt; A &quot;translation&quot; of a name is a fuzzy area to begin with and largely depends on context, date of translation, date of name acquisition into the language, and even personal preferences. I used to go by &quot;Cyril&quot; even though my Russian name is &quot;Кирилл,&quot; because historically, these two are the forms of the same name (святой Кирилл is Saint Cyril etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;em&gt;transliterated&lt;/em&gt;, my name is Kirill. This is how it shows up in my international passport and in all official English- and Spanish-language documentation, and in fact, if I were to continue using &quot;Cyril&quot; for anything other than informal purposes, it would create unnecessary problems. A Russian person who may have taken their German spouse's last name, e.g., Stein, would &lt;em&gt;de jure&lt;/em&gt; have to have either &quot;Штайн&quot; in their internal passport and &quot;Shtain&quot; in their international one, or &quot;Стеин&quot; internally and &quot;Stein&quot; internationally, unless they were to go through rounds of bureaucracy to prove reasonable intent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given all of that, a &lt;strong&gt;translation&lt;/strong&gt; of Seraphina would most likely be &quot;Серафима&quot; as this is the historically loaned version. A &lt;strong&gt;transliteration&lt;/strong&gt; from, specifically, German, would be &quot;Зерафина,&quot; because indeed, Russians perceive this &quot;S&quot; as a &quot;З.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="616" LastActivityDate="2020-05-02T15:57:56.647" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22392" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-04T13:28:47.763" Score="4" ViewCount="394" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some time ago I performed quite poorly on a Russian test. The test consisted of a number of short texts, 2-3 sentences each, to be translated from English into Russian. The teacher gave very little time, about a minute per each short text, and I struggled to find good Russian translations in time. I rage-broke my pencil and could barely hold my tears. To add insult to injury, a considerable portion of seemingly good translations I did manage to find were later deemed by the teacher not to meet his standards, so he gave a poor score to me, and it didn't help my feelings that my score was the second-best in the class.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I accepted that I still have to learn a lot to master the Russian language, but I'm curious how native Russian speakers would perform on that test. Here's one of the tasks:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Don't get dragged into any of his schemes. He's a double-crossing weasel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would you say that in Russian? Would you be able to find a good Russian translation within a minute or so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: Encouraged by a comment below, I'm adding an explanation of the text in the translation task. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Imagine that a sea current pulls a swimmer away from a shore. That's what &lt;em&gt;to drag&lt;/em&gt; means. The current drags the swimmer to the sea. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Now imagine a criminal leader who is drawing a complex diagram on a blackboard for his partners to explain how they all together are going to get what they want. That's &lt;em&gt;a scheme&lt;/em&gt;. More broadly, &lt;em&gt;a scheme&lt;/em&gt; is a complicated plan involving various parties and devised to attain something or reach a certain end. For example, some Russian businessmen devised and implemented tax evasion schemes. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Now, &lt;em&gt;a double-cross&lt;/em&gt; is when you plan deceitful activities with a partner against a third party and then deceive your partner. It comes from thieves' slang &lt;em&gt;cross&lt;/em&gt;, which was used to refer to something dishonest, and therefore a crook going back on his partners would be crossing the crossers, or double-crossing. Imagine a diamond thief who double-crosses his partners and gives them only worthless fake jewels. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;A weasel&lt;/em&gt; is the figurative use of the name of a well-known mammal, the weasel, to refer to a deceitful person. You know, weasels are cunning and adept predators that hunt prey tirelessly throughout the day and night, aren't they? &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now put all these together, and you get the meaning of the two sentences as a whole. That is, it's a kind of, &quot;&lt;em&gt;If you get under pressure to join any plot or undertaking of his, don't yield. He'll offer you a cooperation to deceive someone, but you'll end up being deceived by him in the end.&lt;/em&gt;&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My Russian teacher has very high &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/20449/11395&quot;&gt;standards&lt;/a&gt;, so I had to come up with a very accurate, but concise, translation. I failed, and I'm still at a loss as to how I can precisely express the idea of a double-cross in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2020-05-04T17:23:28.297" LastActivityDate="2020-05-14T09:37:45.227" Title="How can I say &quot;a double-crossing weasel&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="13" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22392" CreationDate="2020-05-04T16:52:57.117" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with @YellowSky that двурушник fits well into this sentence. Thus my version would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не дай ему втянуть себя в его аферы. Он хитрец и двурушник.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example usages of двурушник from the &lt;a href=&quot;http://ruscorpora.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian National Corpus&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Повысил тебя, выходит, Леонард Гилялович в статусе: был ты обычным «шестеркой». А стал двурушником. ― Не докажешь! ― процедил Мамедов. [Семен Данилюк. Бизнес-класс (2003)]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В это время двурушник Скотт обжимается с Селестой в уютной ординаторской городской больницы. [Сергей Белошников. Вторая тайна Франциско // «Столица», 1997.10.28]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ишь, отъелся на харчах цээрушных! Распустил, сионист, усищи! Я ж тебя удавлю, двурушник, Не таких давили, почище! [Борис Левин. Инородное тело (1965-1994)] &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A well-known double-crossing weasel is the interpreter from this joke:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Допрашивают чукчу через переводчика:&#xA;&#xA;— Чукча, где ты спрятал золото?&#xA;&#xA;Переводчик:&#xA;&#xA;— Чукча, где ты спрятал золото?&#xA;&#xA;Чукча:&#xA;&#xA;— Не скажу!!&#xA;&#xA;Переводчик:&#xA;&#xA;— Он не скажет.&#xA;&#xA;— Если ты не скажешь, где золото, мы тебя убьем!&#xA;&#xA;Переводчик:&#xA;&#xA;— Чукча, они тебя убьют, если ты им не скажешь, где золото.&#xA;&#xA;Чукча:&#xA;&#xA;— Золото зарыто у входа юрту.&#xA;&#xA;Переводчик:&#xA;&#xA;— Стреляйте, все равно не скажу!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-05-04T16:52:57.117" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22392" CreationDate="2020-05-04T18:08:54.857" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Меня, может статься, заминусуют, но я не согласен с использованием слова двурушник в данном контексте.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Словарь Ожегова:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ДВУРУШНИК, -а, м. Человек, к-рый под личиной преданности&#xA;  кому-чему-н.действует в пользу враждебной стороны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Словарь Ушакова:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;ДВУРУШНИЧЕСТВО, двурушничества, мн. нет, ср. (газет. презрит.).&#xA;  Поведение человека, наружно принадлежащего к одной группе, но&#xA;  действующего в пользу враждебной ей стороны; стремление одновременно&#xA;  действовать в пользу двух противоположных сторон путем обмана каждой&#xA;  из них.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Должны быть &lt;strong&gt;две группы/стороны&lt;/strong&gt;, и двурушник, притворяясь лояльным одной из них, действует в пользу другой, или (по Ушакову) обманывает обе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В то же время weasel словарём Merriam Webster определяется как &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;a sneaky, untrustworthy, or insincere person&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Weasel не обязан притворяться лояльным какой-то группе и принадлежащим к ней.  Чтобы быть weasel, не нужно двух сторон.  Weasel может, например, соблазнять девушек и при этом врать им напропалую и т. п.  Поэтому я считаю свой перевод более правильным:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не поддавайтесь ни на какие его уловки. Он лжив и двуличен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2020-05-04T18:08:54.857" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22392" CreationDate="2020-05-04T21:46:41.647" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not really sure what kind of style your teacher is looking for.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Двурушник&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;двуличный&lt;/em&gt; mentioned in the other answers are good translations, but they're not widely used these days.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If your teacher is looking for modern slang, you'd better go with something among the lines of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Смотри не впишись в его мутки. Он разводила и кидала.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Развести&lt;/em&gt; means to deceive someone into willingly doing or giving away something against their own best interest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Развести на деньги&lt;/em&gt; would be used to describe a con game, say, bumping into a Japanese tourist while carrying a watermelon and demanding a compensation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Развести на секс&lt;/em&gt; would involve pretending to be a Hollywood movie producer and promising a part in a movie in exchange for sex.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кинуть&lt;/em&gt; means to cheat someone by betraying their trust.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Кинуть на деньги&lt;/em&gt; would mean, say, employing as an accountant for a rich person and running away with their money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-05-04T21:46:41.647" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22396" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22398" CreationDate="2020-05-05T11:03:04.247" Score="17" ViewCount="3176" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's consider this sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm a member of the Japanese Renju Association.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;A member&lt;/em&gt; translates into Russian as член, but the grammatical gender of this word is masculine, so I'm curious how I can make a feminitive of that word. You know, the feminitive of учитель is учительница, and the feminitive of директор is директриса. The feminitive of поэт is поэтесса, and the feminitive of акушер is акушерка. How can I make a feminitive of член?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did some research and saw a suggestion that членша will work, but I couldn't find that word in dictionaries. Is it really a valid, accepted high-register word? And if there's no accepted high-register feminitive of член, I'm curious as to why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sure, I'm aware that I can simply say, &amp;quot;Я - член Японской ассоциации рэндзю,&amp;quot; but I want to add a suffix to emphasize my gender. This is especially important if I want to say in Russian, &amp;quot;I'm one of the few female members of the Japanese Renju Association.&amp;quot; My attempts to translate that into Russian have resulted in the following variants:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Я одна из немногих членш Японской ассоциации рэндзю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Я одна из немногих женских членов Японской ассоциации рэндзю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But my gut tells me neither of them is good, and I'm curious as to how native Russian speakers would put it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-11-25T13:43:14.653" Title="&quot;Член клуба&quot; - how to use &quot;член&quot; in feminine here?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="15" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22397" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22396" CreationDate="2020-05-05T11:33:22.320" Score="18" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please don't. Many feminitives sound like mockery (директорша, врачиха), unless they are well-established (учительница, официантка, вахтёрша). Even when fairly acceptable feminine versions exist, sometimes masculine are still preferred: женщина-повар (over повариха), поэт (over поэтесса), писатель (over писательница). The word поэтесса was despised by Anna Akhmatova (I find it fine by the way). &quot;Писательница&quot; sounds like she only writes children's books.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I would go with:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я одна из немногих женщин &amp;mdash; членов Японской ассоциации рэндзю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To even things out, some professions only have feminine names: няня, балерина, прачка. To refer to men, you would have to gather up your creativity and come up with something like мужчина-няня, танцор балета, оператор стиральной машины.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;N.B. Orthography note: compound words like женщина-повар, мужчина-няня are spelt with a hyphen (-). But if either part is compound itself, а long dash is used: женщина — детский писатель, женщина — член Японской ассоциации рэндзю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-05-07T09:31:49.980" LastActivityDate="2020-05-07T09:31:49.980" CommentCount="17" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22398" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22396" CreationDate="2020-05-05T11:37:19.277" Score="33" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, &lt;em&gt;член&lt;/em&gt; is only male, and adjectives referring to that noun should agree with it in masculine, too:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Великобритания — постоянный член Совета Безопасности ООН.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Великобритания — член ООН. Также &lt;em&gt;она постоянный член&lt;/em&gt; Совета Безопасности ООН.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For your purpose, the best way out is to add the word &quot;женщина&quot;, that is use a noun, not an adjective (&quot;женский член&quot; sounds like a weird obscene oxymoron in Russian):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я одна из немногих женщин — членов Японской ассоциации рэндзю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be said in a bit different way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я одна из немногих женщин, являющихся членами Японской ассоциации рэндзю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-05-05T12:25:59.653" LastActivityDate="2020-05-05T12:25:59.653" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22399" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22396" CreationDate="2020-05-05T12:25:22.947" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's no feminine for &lt;code&gt;член&lt;/code&gt; apart intentionally comic and use exclusively as such &quot;членша&quot;. The reason for this is that член is like &lt;code&gt;ветка&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;отросток&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;ответвление&lt;/code&gt; - throughout the history of language the was no request for giving this words gender tint at all. Even for very radical pro-feminitive proponents it's just not something that is discussed right now. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you still want to stress out that you are a feminine member of any community, association, club you can go with other words that (not completely though) substitute the word &quot;член&quot;, such as &quot;участница Японскою ассоциации рэндзю&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every language has it set of rules by which it exists. This sets of rules are not set in stone and the evolve throughout the time, but what we have now is what we have now. Imagine someone from a language where verbs differ buy conjugation in present, like I don't know, Hebrew if memory serves me well, who will ask question like: &quot;How to say &quot;я состою в этом клубе&quot; but use &quot;состою&quot; specifically in feminine. There's no way to do it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to specifically stress out that you are one of few women in the club you can say something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Я являюсь членом Японской ассоциации рэндзю. Нас, женщин, в клубе немного. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not always something we are trying to express should be contained in a single sentence. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-05-05T14:31:33.807" LastActivityDate="2020-05-05T14:31:33.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11695" CreationDate="2020-05-05T18:27:59.153" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian &quot;и&quot; sounds like the vowel [i] in the International Alphabetical Alphabet (IPA) and like the letters 'ee' in the English words &quot;bee&quot;, &quot;see&quot; and &quot;tweet&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian й&quot; sounds like the semivowel/consonant [j] in the IPA and like the letter 'y' in the English words &quot;young&quot;, &quot;year&quot; and &quot;you&quot;, and the letter 'u' in the English words &quot;use&quot; and &quot;unit&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between both is that the middle part of the tongue is raised to the hard palate only in [j]. I suggest watching this video: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/XhqGU1WxOfc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/XhqGU1WxOfc&lt;/a&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12516" LastActivityDate="2020-05-05T18:27:59.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22401" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22402" CreationDate="2020-05-05T23:39:09.250" Score="4" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;Several websites I've come across state &quot;чалый&quot; as a synonym of &quot;рецидивист&quot;, but I haven't been able to find any definitions of чалый that would suggest it's synonymous with рецидивист.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are they synonymous? Is one a slang word for another? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11437" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-05-06T02:43:45.230" LastActivityDate="2020-05-06T16:14:57.827" Title="Is &quot;чалый&quot; a synonym of &quot;рецидивист&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22401" CreationDate="2020-05-05T23:51:06.107" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Чалиться&lt;/em&gt; is a slang word meaning, in the wider sense, &quot;be stuck somewhere, be forced to waste time&quot;: &lt;em&gt;чалиться на заводе, чалиться в деревне&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the narrower sense, &lt;em&gt;чалиться&lt;/em&gt; means &quot;to do one's time&quot; (as in the prison). This might be used as &lt;em&gt;чалиться на шконке&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;do the time on the prison bunk bed&quot;) or &lt;em&gt;чалиться на зоне&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;do one's time in the corrective colony&quot;) or similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The person who is known to have been engaged in this activity might be called &lt;em&gt;чалый&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an active participle from this verb, using an old pattern with &lt;em&gt;-л-&lt;/em&gt; which is not productive in Russian anymore.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-05-06T16:14:57.827" LastActivityDate="2020-05-06T16:14:57.827" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22403" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22396" CreationDate="2020-05-06T09:42:03.120" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are tree facts we try to cram into a single sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;OP is member of Japanese Renju association&#xA;OP is female&#xA;Women are minority in Japanese Renju association&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe the translation&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я являюсь членом японской ассоциации рендзю&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is the most accurate equivalent of the original &quot;I am the member of Japanese Renju association&quot;. Just like in English version, this version communicates only the first fact, disregarding information about OP's gender and the minority status within the organization. Even if an OP's gender is known, this would mean little to an average reader who is unfamiliar with this organization and renju as a whole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To add the two latter facts, the original message should be heavily rephrased to point to them directly:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я одна из немногих женщин-членов японской ассоциации рэндзю.&#xA;Я одна из немногих женщин, состоящих в японской ассоциации рэндзю.&#xA;Я одна из немногих женщин в японской ассоциации рэндзю.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence has been already discussed here. Here we use the noun-noun structure to use a pair of nouns as a single noun.&#xA;In the second sentence, we use the verb-preposition pair &lt;code&gt;состоять в&lt;/code&gt; as &lt;code&gt;to be member of&lt;/code&gt; [some organization, club] and convert it to conjugated present participle &lt;code&gt;состоящих в&lt;/code&gt;.&#xA;In the third sentence, OP's membership in this organization is implied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we omit the information about the minority status of women in the Japanese Renju association, we can point to OP's gender a bit more subtly by using alternative feminine nouns. One way is to use the word &lt;code&gt;участница&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я являюсь участницей японской ассоциации рэндзю.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this is not the most natural way of declaring the membership, it communicates the gender and the fact of membership quite effectively. The word &lt;code&gt;участница&lt;/code&gt; is not very commonly used with &lt;code&gt;ассоциация&lt;/code&gt;, but can be found sometimes in the literature:&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Страны-участницы Ассоциации стран Юго-Восточной Азии&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, past participles and past tense verbs can be used to communicate gender:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я была принята в японскую ассоциацию рэндзю.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which is equivalent to &quot;I was accepted to Japanese Renju association&quot;, heavily implying that the membership is not open for everyone and there is a certain application process. One can divert attention from this fact a little bit by adding extra information, like&#xA;    В 2007 году я была принята в японскую ассоциацию рэндзю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatives to accepted could be  &quot;вступила&quot;, &quot;вошла&quot;, &quot;была включена&quot; which describe the membership in slightly different angles&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14467" LastActivityDate="2020-05-06T09:42:03.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22404" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22419" CreationDate="2020-05-06T15:37:36.520" Score="9" ViewCount="344" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some time ago I did a homework in which I had to complete two-phrase dialogues by writing a meaningful response to a given question. No context was provided for the questions. One of the questions was, &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;За что тебе поставили четвёрку по сочинению?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wrote,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;За то, что я привела очень интересные факты и подробно обосновала свой вывод.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I got zero points for that question, but the teacher didn't mark any grammatical error of mine. He simply gave zero points. His style is to make students think and find own mistakes themselves. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I'm at a loss as to what I could get wrong. The question seems to be very simple, &quot;What did you get a B for the essay for?&quot; I carefully checked my answer and see no grammatical error in it. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's wrong with my answer?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2020-05-08T10:07:05.100" Title="How to respond to &quot;За что тебе поставили четвёрку по сочинению?&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22404" CreationDate="2020-05-06T16:01:57.630" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;In fact, &lt;em&gt;четвёрка&lt;/em&gt; is really &quot;B&quot;, but also it is really &lt;em&gt;не пятёрка&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;not A&quot;. If your facts were really &quot;&lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; interesting&quot; (&lt;em&gt;очень&lt;/em&gt; интересные), and you really &quot;&lt;em&gt;detailed&lt;/em&gt; your conclusion&quot; (&lt;em&gt;подробно обосновала&lt;/em&gt; свой вывод), then why wasn't it &lt;em&gt;пятёрка&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;A&quot;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The way you completed that dialogue was grammatically correct, but what you wrote &lt;em&gt;wasn't actually an answer to the question asked&lt;/em&gt;. As a result, the question still remains unanswered. Besides, your reply actually gives rise to new questions, like &quot;If what you say is true, why not an A?&quot; or &quot;Do you mean it was the teacher's fault you didn't get an A? Was the teacher unjust to you?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An adequate way to complete that dialogue was to write something like &quot;My essay was interesting and with a sensible conclusion, but I did miss a couple of commas...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2020-05-06T16:01:57.630" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22404" CreationDate="2020-05-06T16:02:11.177" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question probably meant, &quot;Why didn't you get an A for the essay?&quot; and expected you to elaborate on what you did wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-05-06T16:02:11.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22407" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22356" CreationDate="2020-05-06T16:58:39.390" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Фундук - это товарное наименование плодов, жареный или сырой, продающийся как готовый к употреблению продукт, современное маркетингвое (магазинное) название. Это плоды окультуренного растения. Отличается стандартностью размеров: одинаковые, ровные, круглые, крупные.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;окультуренные образцы являются более урожайными. При этом плоды бывают&#xA;  очень крупными, часто округлой формы. Они обладают лучшими товарными&#xA;  свойствами. Сами кусты (деревья) имеют мощные, развитые корни. Фундук,&#xA;  полученный под руководством человека, лучше противостоит заболеваниям,&#xA;  что благоприятно сказывается на плодоношении.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;лесной орех или &lt;strong&gt;лещина&lt;/strong&gt; - дерево (кустарник), дикорос (дичок, дикорастущие формы), биологический вид, растущий по всей лесостепной центральной России. &#xA;Сами орехи (плоды) могут быть значительно мельче (иногда - и крупнее), настандартной (продолговатой) формы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Орешник - заросли (роща) лещины.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нагугливается ещё разница в минеральном составе:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В отличие от дикого лесного ореха окультуренный &lt;strong&gt;фундук&lt;/strong&gt;, имея схожую&#xA;  калорийность (650 ккал), не содержит такого богатого железом состава,&#xA;  однако более &lt;strong&gt;насыщен медью, марганцем и кобальтом&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;не уверен что это правда.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12312" LastActivityDate="2020-05-06T16:58:39.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22408" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16016" CreationDate="2020-05-06T17:14:47.337" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Трогать&lt;/strong&gt; - умышленно, иногда имеет негативную коннотацию &quot;трогал ли он тебя?&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Больше относится к одушевлённым существам. Пример: &lt;em&gt;можно потрогать (т.е. погладить) собаку?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть переносный смысл &quot;&lt;em&gt;не трогай его!&lt;/em&gt;&quot; - подразумевает не только физическое прикосновение, но вообще контакт, синонимы в данном случае: &lt;em&gt;отстань, не связывайся&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример: &lt;em&gt;потрогал лоб&lt;/em&gt; (проверил отсутствие температуры/жара/лихорадки).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Переносный смыл: &quot;(за-)тронуть душу&quot; - см. &lt;em&gt;трогательный&lt;/em&gt;. Относится к психике (эмоциям).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Касаться - неумышленно, непроизвольно, неодушевлённых предметов (волосы касаются подушки, одежда коснулась тела). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Трогать&lt;/strong&gt; - более &lt;strong&gt;продолжительно&lt;/strong&gt; по времени (с дополнительными ощущениями - потрогать и &lt;strong&gt;почувствовать тепло/форму/структуру&lt;/strong&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;потрогать&lt;/strong&gt; похоже на &lt;strong&gt;пощупать&lt;/strong&gt;/ощупать. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Коснуться/прикоснуться&lt;/strong&gt; - это нажать/провести.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример: &lt;em&gt;коснулся экрана&lt;/em&gt; [смартфона/планшета]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Переносный смысл:&#xA;1) касаться темы (в разговоре)&#xA;2) это меня не касается (не моё дело)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12312" LastActivityDate="2020-05-06T17:14:47.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22404" CreationDate="2020-05-06T19:37:35.367" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The question &lt;em&gt;за что&lt;/em&gt; implies &quot;what did you do to deserve that&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &quot;that&quot; here means something above or below the baseline, something you have to deserve.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is similar to English &quot;what did you get the B for&quot; vs. &quot;why did you get a B&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your teacher seems to have an implicit understanding that &lt;em&gt;пятёрка&lt;/em&gt; (an A) is the baseline expectation, and &lt;em&gt;четвёрка&lt;/em&gt; (а B) is below the baseline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence, to &quot;deserve&quot; a B instead of an A, you would have to do something bad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your answer, on the other side, implies that the baseline is a C or even something below it, and you &quot;deserve&quot; a B by trying real hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's, for the sake of argument, assume that everyone knows you can't spell. Giving you an A is hence out of the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But you did an outstanding job of compiling the facts and drawing a conclusion for your essay, even though you spell &lt;em&gt;корова&lt;/em&gt; with a &lt;em&gt;ѣ&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;пишешь корову через ять&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Everyone would expect that you would get a C for your essay, as you usually do, but such a good job got you a B, which was really surprising!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This way, your answer would make sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So your teacher was expecting an answer listing bad things, which would explain why did you get a B over A.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your answer gave a list of good things, which would explain why did you get a B over C.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your answer is grammatically perfect, and there is a context where it makes sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's just not a default context for your teacher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-05-06T19:37:35.367" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22410" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22392" CreationDate="2020-05-06T22:43:49.823" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would propose a phrase &quot;на нём (ней) клейма ставить негде&quot; as an alternative translation of &quot;double-crossing weasel&quot;. Literally, it means &quot;He(she) has no free place for a new brand on his (her) body&quot;. This phrase refers to human branding - an old practice to mark a person committed a crime with a brand. So, saying this, you say &quot;He committed so many crimes that there is no place to put another one brand&quot;. And finally, the full translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Не дайте ему втянуть вас в его дела. На нем клейма ставить негде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4481" LastActivityDate="2020-05-06T22:43:49.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22411" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="21012" CreationDate="2020-05-07T07:41:55.043" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правда - это справедливость, правота, правосудие.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;И'стина ж. противоположность лжи; все, что вuрно, подлинно, &lt;strong&gt;точно&lt;/strong&gt;,&#xA;  справедливо, что есть**); нынu слову этому отвuчаетъ и правда, хотя&#xA;  вuрнuе будетъ понимать подъ словомъ правда: правди'вость,&#xA;  справедливость, правосудiе, правота.&#xA;  Даль&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для русских правда - только одна (не может быть &quot;много правд&quot;). Ситуация описывающаяся поговоркой &quot;у каждого своя правда&quot; - или говорит о запутанности ситуации (спора) или о том, что тема - частная, принципиально не важная.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Тоталитарные комплексы — распространенная патология психики,&#xA;  состоящая в систематической переоценке субъективного переживания&#xA;  полезности какой-либо вещи или услуги по сравнению с ее рыночной&#xA;  ценой. Так, систематическая переоценка ценности достоверной информации&#xA;  приводит к &quot;комплексу правдивости&quot; или &quot;правдоискательству&quot;;&#xA;  переоценка ценности дизайна предмета по отношению к его&#xA;  пользовательским характеристикам приводит к &quot;эстетизму&quot; или &quot;культу&#xA;  красоты&quot; и т.п. К тоталитарным комплексам относится также&#xA;  моносексуальность (направленность сексуального влечения только на один&#xA;  объект, &quot;влюбленность&quot;). Особым видом тоталитарного комплекса&#xA;  считается иррациональное сопротивление законам рынка. Характерен для&#xA;  русских&quot;.&#xA;  Константин Крылов &quot;Новый мировой порядок. Тезаурус&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть моральная (этическая) сторона, суждение, оценка - значит правда.&#xA;Пример: &quot;правда глаза колет&quot; (пословица о проявлении стыда или совести).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Истина - это фактически точное (верное) утверждение из логики, соответствие букве закона.&#xA;Бывают &quot;прописные истины&quot;, &quot;азбучные истины&quot; (сравните с правдой, которая почти не имеет устойчивых словосочетаний с множественным числом).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Настоящая правда всегда неправдоподобна; чтобы сделать её&#xA;  правдоподобнее, нужно примешать к ней лжи&#xA;   (Достоевский).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Правда - нравственная категория, дух закона.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;«Истина от земли, а правда с небес»&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;Правда - это ... &lt;em&gt;«Соответствие факта истине при соблюдении законов чести»&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот скажи мне, американец, в чём сила? Разве в деньгах? Вот и брат&#xA;  говорит, что в деньгах. У тебя много денег, и чего? Я вот думаю, что&#xA;  &lt;strong&gt;сила в правде&lt;/strong&gt;. У кого правда — тот и сильней. Вот ты обманул кого-то,&#xA;  денег нажил. И чего, ты сильнее стал? Нет, не стал. Потому что правды&#xA;  за тобой нет. А тот, кого обманул, за ним правда, значит, он сильней.&#xA;  Да?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Идея справедливости была и остается одной из «ключевых идей русской&#xA;  языковой картины мира» (см.: Зализняк-Левонтина 2005: 11), жажда&#xA;  безусловной справедливости, «которая должна осуществляться в жизни&#xA;  вопреки царствующей в ней неправде» (Трубецкой 1994: 280) –&#xA;  «стержневой линией духовных исканий, стремлений русского человека»&#xA;  (Рачков 1996: 15), а правда воспринимается как фундаментальная основа&#xA;  жизни, на которой строится вся русская духовная культура (см.:&#xA;  Бобылева 2007: 9). Стремление к справедливости составляет один из&#xA;  наиболее значимых автостереотипов нации: «Чем мы, россияне, отличаемся&#xA;  от других? Для нас важно, чтоб было СПРАВЕДЛИВО» (АиФ 2006, № 38);&#xA;  «Для русского человека несчастье – не просто бедность, нехватка денег,&#xA;  а нарушение справедливости, триумф людей без стыда» (АиФ 2004, № 44).&#xA;  Считается, что в русской культуре существует «особое чувство – любовь&#xA;  к справедливости» (Левонтина-Шмелев 2000: 284), а «жажда правды»&#xA;  составляет специфику «русского национального духа» (см.: Юлдашев 2008:&#xA;  15–16). По утверждению Ф. М. Достоевского, «высшая и самая характерная&#xA;  черта нашего народа – это чувство справедливости и жажда её», можно&#xA;  сказать, нас «мучит справедливости мираж» (Губерман). Как и всякая&#xA;  любовь, любовь к справедливости может составить смысл и счастье жизни:&#xA;  «Самое главное условие, которое нужно человеку для счастья, – ощущение&#xA;  смысла, что “понапрасну ни зло ни добро не пропало”» (АиФ 2006: № 49);&#xA;  «Сказано в Писании: “Правды ищи, дабы ты был жив”. Для всех нас это&#xA;  значит – живи так, чтоб знал ты, как придать смысл своей жизни!» (АиФ&#xA;  2003, № 45). Справедливость для русского человека выше истины («А для&#xA;  русской души справедливость выше правды» – АиФ 2006, № 51) и дороже&#xA;  жизни («За правду надо стоять или висеть на кресте» – Пришвин; «Чем в&#xA;  кривде мотаться, лучше за правду умереть» – Артем Веселый). По&#xA;  утверждению Ивана Ильина, «Россия есть прежде всего – живой сонм&#xA;  русских правдолюбцев, “прямых стоятелей”, верных Божьей правде» (Ильин&#xA;  2007: 7). Можно добавить, что не только «стоятелей», но и «сидельцев»&#xA;  и страдальцев за правду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;С высокой степенью вероятности опознается «гносеологическое» значение&#xA;  «правды» в контексте лексики речи, знания, откровения, заблуждения,&#xA;  обличения: «И чувства нет в твоих очах, / И правды нет в твоих речах,&#xA;  / И нет души в тебе» (Тютчев); «И новая правда звучала / На древних&#xA;  твоих языках» (Ахматова); «Нет, правды не оспаривай» (Цветаева); «Я&#xA;  знаю правду! Все прежние правды – прочь!» (Цветаева); «Все тут, да тут&#xA;  и человек и свет, / И смерть, и жизнь, и правда без покрова»&#xA;  (Баратынский); «Ты видел правду, / Но правду снов… Ищи живую правду»&#xA;  (Луговской); «Горькой правдой всю душу вытомив, / я на ложь не оставил&#xA;  сил» (Дементьев); «Бежать? Куда? Где правда, где ошибка? (Фет); «Боже,&#xA;  сколько правды в глазах государственных шлюх! (Шевчук); &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«Бежал из тюрьмы темной ночью, / В тюрьме он за правду страдал»&#xA;  (Песня).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;слово &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;«правда», в котором истина и справедливость «как бы сливаются в одно&#xA;  великое целое» (см.: Печенев 1990: 140) и которое «оказывается как бы&#xA;  мостом, соединяющим истину с моралью» (Знаков 1999, 147)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Цитаты по &lt;a href=&quot;https://gigabaza.ru/doc/53218-pall.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://gigabaza.ru/doc/53218-pall.html&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://gigabaza.ru/doc/53218-pall.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;С. Г. ВОРКАЧЕВ Правды ищи: идея справедливости в русской лингвокультуре. Монография. &#xA;Волгоград, «Парадигма», 2009&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12312" LastActivityDate="2020-05-07T07:41:55.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22412" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22396" CreationDate="2020-05-07T07:43:02.243" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a very delicate and kind of sensitive case. The whole world is trying to move away from dealing with gender, which lead to phrases like &quot;if a client comes in, ask THEM to be seated...&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are trying to do something opposite. You have lived with the english version of it, right? The one which said &quot;I am a member of a certain bla-bla organization&quot;. It did not bother you that it didn't indicate the gender? Guess what, as a russian, I'm constantly bothered by the fact that it is impossible to infer the gender of a person from many phrases, sentences, correspondences, emails, communications. It really bothers me sometimes! &quot;Your doctor called&quot;, or &quot;the teacher emailed me yesterday&quot;, or a &quot;customer called&quot;. I'm am totally bugged by the impossibility to know the gender of whoever actually called! Yet, there are hundreds of millions people on the globe who speak english natively and are seemingly fine with that. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In russian, you wanna leave the term член as it is, or put something like участница. This also depends on the level of formality. For a very formal cause, it is actually fine to say Я участник какой-то там конференции, even if you are a female. That's kinda like TV-report case, or something official. Another complication is that in russian we kinda wanna avoid the word &quot;member&quot; because it has an additional meaning, same as in some other european languages. So if you have to use it, just use it quicky and move on, don't bother about details&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For Trump's sake, please don't try to inflect this word to any &quot;feminine&quot; form, because it does not have one in the normal grammar. In informal grammar it does, but that will be considered illiteral (not having an &quot;accent&quot;, but plain illiteral if not rude). On top of that, Russia is currently surviving a psychological transition, where feminine forms of &quot;journalist&quot;, &quot;doctor&quot; and other professions and terms are presented as incorrect or impolite. Many feminists are vowing for this. While it does not involve the word &quot;member&quot; directly (because the feminine forms of it are just plain rude), it does expose the sensitivity of the area. In simple terms, these inflections are viewed as &quot;gender discrimination&quot; to certain professions. Russia is growing increasingly aware of genders, gender equality. While in general your question would be correct, in this particular case you should abandon it and leave the things be, because you actually hit a pretty sensitive area. A synonym or a synonymic phrase can be used if desired&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aside of this, you sentence can be translated multiple different ways, depending on — (a) the context, (b) level of formality, (c) the facts that you want (or not) to expose. And this is what makes this translation particularly difficult and ambiguous. If I was translating it and had doubts you are having, I would have to thouroughly re-read the entire paragraph, both before and after this sentence, and then come up with a translation which would fit smoothly with the meaning, formality and other aspects of the text, so that the reader would not be distracted by this sentence at all&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14475" LastEditorUserId="14475" LastEditDate="2020-05-07T07:56:37.577" LastActivityDate="2020-05-07T07:56:37.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17775" CreationDate="2020-05-07T08:11:22.800" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I doubt there will be any definitive answer to this. It is occasionally used as an adjective &quot;учёный специалист&quot;, &quot;учёный секретарь&quot;, but predominantly is used as a noun, and has been so seemingly always. You are looking hundreds of years ago, plus minus hundreds of years for the uncertainty&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14475" LastActivityDate="2020-05-07T08:11:22.800" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22396" CreationDate="2020-05-07T12:19:17.873" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No hyphen, no dash. Just say Я одна из членов японской ассоциации рэндзю. Because член is used the same for both female and male I added одна which allows to point to gender. Hope you found your answer!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14477" LastEditorUserId="14477" LastEditDate="2020-11-25T13:43:14.653" LastActivityDate="2020-11-25T13:43:14.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22396" CreationDate="2020-05-07T17:32:12.063" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For what it's worth, you could say: &quot;Я один из женских участников ассоциации Х&quot; if you would like to emphasize that you are a member and are female, or: &quot;Я одна из участниц ассоциации Х&quot; if you would like to use a feminine noun and pronoun while at the same time being more subtly about the fact that you are female, as opposed to pointing directly to being female by using &quot;женских&quot;. My Russian is a bit rusty, so please watch out for any spelling mistakes in my versions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Член probably best translates as member and there's no membress and equally no explicit female counterpart in член either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14481" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-05-07T18:38:47.273" LastActivityDate="2020-05-07T18:38:47.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22416" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22404" CreationDate="2020-05-08T06:18:03.767" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If it meaning that четвёрка is fine grade, respond may be like yours:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;За хорошее описание событий;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;За интересную историю про собаку.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if it meaning that четвёрка is bad:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ошибки в тексте;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Маленький объём получился;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think in the original question it was meant that the четвёрка is bad.&#xA;With such a question, it is often assumed that the четвёрка is bad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14483" LastEditorUserId="14483" LastEditDate="2020-05-08T06:36:49.880" LastActivityDate="2020-05-08T06:36:49.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22417" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22356" CreationDate="2020-05-08T08:05:42.570" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;лесной орех are a wild variation of фундук.&#xA;Few people know the difference, so you can say both&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14483" LastEditorUserId="14483" LastEditDate="2020-05-12T04:10:20.827" LastActivityDate="2020-05-12T04:10:20.827" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22418" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-08T09:43:32.773" Score="2" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently found in my dictionary the triple &lt;em&gt;проща́ться (нв.), прости́ться (св.), попроща́ться (св)&lt;/em&gt; for &lt;em&gt;to say goodbye&lt;/em&gt;. What do the two imperfective forms mean here in particular? Is there a general scheme for the meaning in such cases where there are two perfective forms not only differing by a prefix?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14419" LastActivityDate="2020-05-09T20:55:02.290" Title="My dictionary sometimes lists two perfective forms" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;&lt;граматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22404" CreationDate="2020-05-08T10:07:05.100" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just to add more to the existing answers, generally grades in the Russian school system are viewed as &quot;subtractive&quot; rather than &quot;additive&quot;. What I mean by that is, when grading, the teacher generally doesn't start with 0 and then add to the mark for every good thing that was done, but instead would start with the top grade, i.e. 5, and subtract from it for every mistake or inadequacy. Averages aren't given out in most cases. Usually 5 means there is nothing wrong with your work and you completed the assignment adequately and to the required standard. Anything less than that means there were shortcomings that need fixing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Occasionally, when a task requires a lot of creativity for example, the teacher might choose 4 to mean adequate and 5 as &quot;above and beyond&quot;, when the student really put in extra effort and outdid themselves. But this is rather an exception and 5 usually just means &quot;you've done what was asked and completed the task with no mistakes&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, without any extra context, &lt;em&gt;За что тебе поставили четвёрку по сочинению?&lt;/em&gt; is assumed to mean &quot;What mistake did you make to get 1 subtracted from your grade?&quot; by default.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2020-05-08T10:07:05.100" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22420" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22384" CreationDate="2020-05-08T10:09:09.127" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Летучий Человек&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(or Летающий человек) - longish but possible.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Крылан&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;sounds bad, uncomfortable to pronounce.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Рукокрыл, Рукокрылый&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a little strange but maybe.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Летучий&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;for me, the best option that you suggested.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Batman (Бэтмен) (we pronounce like [betmen] or [betman]) &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;sounds good, short, catchy word.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14483" LastActivityDate="2020-05-08T10:09:09.127" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22418" CreationDate="2020-05-08T11:39:20.807" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Прости́ться&quot; in the meaning of &quot;saying goodbye&quot; is considered archaic in modern Russian language and &quot;попроща́ться&quot; wold be used instead.&#xA;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Царь с царицею простился,&#xA;В путь-дорогу снарядился,&#xA;И царица у окна&#xA;Села ждать его одна.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 1st line nowadays wold look like &quot;царь с царицей попрощался&quot;.&#xA;&quot;Прости́ться&quot; still can be used when saying goodbye forever like leaving for good or final farewell to the deceased.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14486" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2020-05-09T20:55:02.290" LastActivityDate="2020-05-09T20:55:02.290" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22422" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22418" CreationDate="2020-05-08T15:02:36.670" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Проститься&lt;/em&gt; often means to say goodbye forever or for a long time.&#xA;Sometimes it means custom to ask forgiveness before parting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Они простились с усопшим.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Мы простились и он уехал&lt;/em&gt; (far away and for a long time).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Прощаться&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;попрощаться&lt;/em&gt;) means to say goodbye before parting for a short period of time.&#xA;Sometimes it may be applied in the case of parting for a long time or forever.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;мы попрощались&lt;/em&gt;. (and we will see each other tomorrow or soon)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14303" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-05-08T15:02:36.670" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22423" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22396" CreationDate="2020-05-08T15:15:24.223" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would suggest using &quot;участница&quot; instead of &quot;член&quot;, but only in case, you want to emphasize gender. In all other cases &quot;член&quot; is okay. &quot;членша&quot; sounds funny though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14487" LastActivityDate="2020-05-08T15:15:24.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22424" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-08T17:56:45.313" Score="3" ViewCount="192" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which one would you use to say &quot;it is being done/ it is done well, poorly, etc&quot; and for the past, would you use сделано or было сделано?  would they mean different things? i'm getting confused about passive participles and correct aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14490" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-05-08T19:19:36.307" LastActivityDate="2020-05-09T14:41:32.417" Title="&quot;Cделано&quot; vs &quot;де́лается&quot; vs &quot;де́лаемо&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22424" CreationDate="2020-05-08T19:28:08.823" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;For &quot;it is done well / poorly&quot; you should just say &quot;сделано хорошо / плохо&quot;. Basically for &quot;done&quot; as a verb you should just use &quot;сделано&quot; (in some contexts &quot;готово&quot; would be a better word, but this is not your case). &quot;Было сделано&quot; is actually &quot;had been done&quot;, like in phrase &quot;на этом пути было сделано много ошибок&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Сделано&quot; is a participle that can be used as a standalone word, like &quot;сказано - сделано!&quot; (it's said and it's done). &quot;Было сделано&quot; is about concrete act that had been performed/fullfilled.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Делается&quot; is used for describing action that is ongoing, like in &quot;делается много всего&quot;, &quot;делаемо&quot; is a virtually non-existent form in modern Russian. Ideally it would be nice to understand phrases like &quot;желаемо но недостижимо&quot; but anyways - in the framework of your question - just don't use this form at all. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-05-08T19:28:08.823" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22424" CreationDate="2020-05-09T14:41:32.417" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Use the impersonal (subjectless) 3rd-person plural, &lt;strong&gt;делают&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;делали, будут делать, сделают, сделали&lt;/strong&gt;). Usually a lot more idiomatic than &lt;strong&gt;делается&lt;/strong&gt;, unless you're talking about doing things in theory.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between &lt;strong&gt;сделано&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;было сделано&lt;/strong&gt; is, roughly, the difference between &quot;has been done&quot; and &quot;was done&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2020-05-09T14:41:32.417" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14766" CreationDate="2020-05-10T12:38:49.867" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It might be Turkic, given &quot;kamşag&quot; (kamshag) means &quot;quake&quot; in Old Turkic and Kamchatka region is often hit by earthquakes. The word and its verb form &quot;kamşat-&quot; (kamshat) appear several times in Orkhon Inscriptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Orkhon Inscriptions were erected in honor of the two Turkic princes Kül Tegin and his brother Bilge Kagan and written by Yollug Tegin who was nephew of Bilge Kagan. The Inscriptions are two monoliths that contain long Old Turkic lines in Runic characters on three sides, and on one side (the western) the inscription is in Chinese. They are mostly about the social and political life of the Ancient Turks and their relations with the neighboring people mostly Ancient Chinese. They were deciphered by Danish philologist Vilhelm Thomsen in 1893.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the words, “Kamşag” which means “quake” or “shakiness” appears on the north side of Kul Tegin Inscription:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Ėçim kagan ėli &lt;strong&gt;kamşag&lt;/strong&gt; boltokınta bodun ėlig ėkegü boltokınta izgil bodun birle süŋüşdümiz”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’m giving Talat Tekin’s English translation of the line from “A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic”, available online from &lt;a href=&quot;https://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/Tekin%20Talat/Tekin_A%20Grammar%20of%20Orkhon%20Turkic%201968.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. (p.270)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“When the empire of my uncle, the kagan, became shaky and when the people and ruler were split into two parts, we fought against the İzgil people.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the verb form of the word appears on the east side of Bilge Kagan.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;Türk bodun adak &lt;strong&gt;kamşattı&lt;/strong&gt;&quot; meaning &quot;The Turkish people tottered.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given the nomadic nature of the Ancient Turks and their history in Siberia, I think the words might be related.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14494" LastEditorUserId="14494" LastEditDate="2020-05-13T11:06:43.627" LastActivityDate="2020-05-13T11:06:43.627" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22429" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-12T08:38:04.547" Score="12" ViewCount="2751" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to say: &quot;Let's work out together.&quot; There is a girl I see sometimes in the outdoor gym in the park I work out usually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I helped her to adjust some of the equipment and now when she sees me she smiles and nods and sometimes watches me to work out and then does similar stuff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Problem is, she speaks only Russian, so communication is a bit difficult.&#xA;I want to ask her to work out together, it's more fun, and also more effective.&#xA;Is it correct to say &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы хотели бы потренироваться со мной?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14500" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-05-12T11:59:33.860" LastActivityDate="2020-05-12T21:26:19.457" Title="How to say &quot;work out&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;wording&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22429" CreationDate="2020-05-12T10:18:00.727" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вы хотели бы потренироваться со мной?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;sounds ok. But it's&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Would you like to work out with me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Let's work out together.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;сan be translated as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Давайте потренируемся вместе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both variants are ok for the Russian speaker. And I wish you good luck ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14486" LastActivityDate="2020-05-12T10:18:00.727" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22431" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22429" CreationDate="2020-05-12T11:58:10.620" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Before anything else I want to stress out that in my opinion if you don't speak language and have no intention to learn it to some extent, asking for a phrase just to address someone does not make much sense. As a monospeaker  she still will answer in Russian and then what? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not big fan of this borrowing, in fact I actually dislike it however the sad truth is that de-facto can be treated as borrowing, it's quite exotic but still you can see &quot;воркаут&quot; in the wild. Here are quotes from Russian newspapers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Инвалид из Узловой мечтает о тренажерах для воркаута (&lt;a href=&quot;https://tula.mk.ru/social/2020/05/11/invalid-iz-uzlovoy-mechtaet-o-trenazherakh-dlya-vorkauta.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Здесь заменят покрытия пешеходных дорожек, обустроят велодорожки, установят площадку для воркаута, поставят сцену, лавочки (&lt;a href=&quot;https://atas.info/news/politics/12-05-2020/v-novosibirske-nachalos-blagoustroystvo-zatulinskogo-dispersnogo-parka&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just like &lt;code&gt;киллер&lt;/code&gt; is not exactly &lt;code&gt;убийца&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;юзер&lt;/code&gt; is not exactly &lt;code&gt;пользователь&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;воркаут&lt;/code&gt; is not exactly &lt;code&gt;тренировка&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;Тренировка&lt;/code&gt; sounds more professional - it's like somebody preparing for competition, while &quot;воркаут&quot; has less sport connotations. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is however about &quot;воркаут&quot; as a noun, there exist (in that sense that it de-facto used sometimes) a verb &lt;a href=&quot;https://otvet.mail.ru/question/78893633&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;воркаутить&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, however unlike the noun it's a part of only colloquial speech as of now. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, apart from already suggested &quot;потренирумеся вместе&quot;, if you want sound casual and, well, sort of young, you can say something like &quot;может быть, будем воркаутить вместе?&quot; - this is form personally I will never use but it doesn't mean in particular groups it used. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other option would be to use the verb which stand for actual activity, like &quot;может, будем вместе бегать?&quot; or even &quot;как вы смотрите на то, чтобы приходить заниматься в зал в одно и то же время?&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last thing I want to add is &quot;потренируемся&quot; is more about a single act, like you are suggesting to do it once, this particular time. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-05-12T21:26:19.457" LastActivityDate="2020-05-12T21:26:19.457" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22432" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22429" CreationDate="2020-05-12T16:52:52.323" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is not a piece of cake though it can seem to be!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, if you and this girl are not strangers but know each other on some level, it may be more appropriate to use the informal pronoun &lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt;. Although &lt;em&gt;Вы&lt;/em&gt; is still ok.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, &lt;em&gt;(по)тренироваться&lt;/em&gt; is a little bit formal. A more colloquial verb is &lt;em&gt;(по)заниматься&lt;/em&gt;; it may be not good just to say, 'Привет! Давай позанимаемся вместе?' for some reason but the problem is fixed easily. A perfect suggestion sounds like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет! Давай позанимаемся на тренажёрах вместе?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ('Hey! Let's work out together?')&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;em&gt;на тренажорах&lt;/em&gt; stands for 'with the help of the exercise machines'. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you do not want to use &lt;em&gt;на тренажёрах&lt;/em&gt;, then just say &lt;em&gt;спортом&lt;/em&gt; 'sport':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Привет! Давай позанимаемся спортом вместе?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  ('Hey! Let's do some sport together?')&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is alright too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the aforementioned phrases with the formal pronoun &lt;em&gt;Вы&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Здравствуйте! Давайте позанимаемся спортом вместе?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Здравствуйте! Давайте позанимаемся на тренажёрах вместе?   &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although &lt;em&gt;Привет!&lt;/em&gt; can be used here as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8249" LastActivityDate="2020-05-12T16:52:52.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22433" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-13T16:16:29.997" Score="2" ViewCount="192" Body="&lt;p&gt;Give me some phrases examples as well plz&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14511" LastActivityDate="2020-05-13T16:16:29.997" Title="What does this expression mean in Russian? &quot;во даёт!&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="5" ClosedDate="2020-05-13T16:40:26.123" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22434" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22392" CreationDate="2020-05-14T09:37:45.227" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd also suggest an &quot;ушлый лис&quot; as a translation for a &quot;double-crossing weasel&quot;: &quot;лис&quot; is a male fox and &quot;ушлый&quot; is a more widespread adjective that characterizes an active person who is not selective in methods of achieving his goals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14517" LastActivityDate="2020-05-14T09:37:45.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22436" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15790" CreationDate="2020-05-15T04:49:47.797" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think тут is more exact than здесь. I saw an old Russian documentary about the creation of the CIS. One old guy was talking about where they signed that document to create the CIS and he used тут as he indicated the lines where people signed the document. He pointed downward too. Здесь is a more general &quot;here&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14527" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-05-15T11:52:48.753" LastActivityDate="2020-05-15T11:52:48.753" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22437" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-16T04:43:08.710" Score="2" ViewCount="247" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are certain words and phrases that mean satisfied, happy, or otherwise contented&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я рад &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я доволен&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;я удовлетворен&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In english, &quot;I am happy&quot;, that is &quot;being happy&quot;  is a state of mind and a state of being, an emotion, can be disconnected from a particular event or set of circumstances.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What word or phrase would closest replicate the meaning of the English word for the emotion of happiness and the phrase &quot;I am happy&quot; . &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1908" LastActivityDate="2020-05-24T21:53:40.213" Title="How to convey the emotion &quot;I am happy&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22437" CreationDate="2020-05-16T06:11:17.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, it's &quot;я &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;счастлив&lt;/a&gt;&quot; (derived from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&quot;счастье&quot;&lt;/a&gt;, happiness), and it's the first thing that Google Translate will suggest you as a translation of &quot;I am happy&quot; by the way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-05-16T06:11:17.613" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22440" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22356" CreationDate="2020-05-16T23:08:56.427" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the 19th century, фундукъ used to mean the filbert (Corylus maxima), which mostly grows in the Mediterranean, while лесной орѣхъ was the cobnut (Corylus avellana), which grows in Russia proper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A layman can't distinguish the fruits themselves except imprecisely by their size, so фундук came to mean any kind of hazelnut sold in the grocery store (which is usually large), but лесной орех is still used to denote the wild shrub and its fruit, as @Alex_ander wrote.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11362" LastActivityDate="2020-05-16T23:08:56.427" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22441" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22442" CreationDate="2020-05-17T12:39:29.407" Score="-4" ViewCount="248" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Вы&lt;/strong&gt;: Привет! Как вчера день провёл?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ваш собеседник&lt;/strong&gt;: Привет! Весь день гулял с (&lt;em&gt;Машей&lt;/em&gt; /&lt;em&gt;со знакомой девочкой&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос: уместно ли упоминать имя неизвестного собеседнику человека (собеседник не знает кто такая Маша) или лучше использовать слово подруга/девочка и т.д.?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14540" LastActivityDate="2020-05-17T14:01:55.633" Title="&quot;Маша&quot; или &quot;девочка&quot;" Tags="&lt;стилистика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22442" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22441" CreationDate="2020-05-17T13:41:46.090" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нет, называть по имени незнакомых собеседнику людей неуместно. Первое требование к речи - чтобы она была понятна для слушающего. Откуда собеседник знает, кто такая Маша - это может быть подруга говорящего, его родственница, маленькая девочка, с которой его попросили погулять или даже собака.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2020-05-17T13:50:46.160" LastActivityDate="2020-05-17T13:50:46.160" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22444" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22441" CreationDate="2020-05-17T14:01:55.633" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вопрос, совершенно очевидно - не лингвистический.&#xA;Разумеется, в русском языке из слова &quot;Маша&quot; вывести факт, что это лицо женского пола - семантически-логически возможно. Вывести из &quot;подруга/девушка&quot;, что это была именно Маша - нет.  Грамматически всё это допустимо. :&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А что кому говорить или не говорить - вы решите сами. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastActivityDate="2020-05-17T14:01:55.633" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22445" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22446" CreationDate="2020-05-17T18:43:16.893" Score="2" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;My gut feeling is this is the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Verbs in -еть usually have prolonged, undetermined and broad character, while verbs in -ить are more &quot;here and now&quot;. Is this view correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples: хаметь-хамить, грубеть-грубить, чернеть-чернить, сереть-сорить, пиздеть-пиздить, глазеть-сглазить, пустеть-пустить, холодеть-холодить, тяжелеть-тяжелить, тупеть-тупить, светлеть-светить, хорошеть-хорошить, хитреть-хитрить, худеть-худить, толстеть-толстить, редеть-редить, жалеть-жалить etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2020-05-17T19:58:02.167" LastActivityDate="2020-05-17T20:05:38.203" Title="Can it be said that the verbs in -ить are more localized in space and time than in -еть?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;суффиксы&gt;&lt;окончания&gt;&lt;спряжение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22445" CreationDate="2020-05-17T19:55:48.517" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://orfogrammka.ru/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85/#id-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%C2%A763&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;According to&lt;/a&gt; the &quot;Правила русской орфографии и пунктуации. Полный академический справочник&quot; (под редакцией Лопатина):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Глаголы на &lt;code&gt;−еть&lt;/code&gt; – непереходные 1-го спряжения – имеют значение ‘стать&#xA;  каким нибудь, приобрести признак’, например, &quot;обессилеть&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;while &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Глаголы на &lt;code&gt;−ить&lt;/code&gt; (в 1 м лице и  отсутствует) – переходные 2-го&#xA;  спряжения – имеют значение ‘сделать каким нибудь, наделить признаком’,&#xA;  например, &quot;обессилить&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Moreover, &quot;-енеть&quot;/&quot;-енить&quot; cases are mentioned specifically:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;−ене(ть), – ени(ть). Приобретение какого нибудь признака, переход в&#xA;  другое состояние выражается также в непереходных глаголах 1-го&#xA;  спряжения на &lt;code&gt;−енеть&lt;/code&gt;, в которых безударный гласный перед н &#xA;  передается буквой е: &quot;леденеть&quot;, &quot;костенеть&quot;, &quot;деревенеть&quot;, &quot;коченеть&quot;,&#xA;  &quot;травенеть&quot;, &quot;торфенеть&quot;, &quot;окровенеть&quot;, &quot;остекленеть&quot;, &quot;остервенеть&quot;,&#xA;  &quot;остолбенеть&quot;, &quot;оцепенеть&quot;. Соотносительные переходные глаголы 2-го&#xA;  спряжения на &lt;code&gt;−енить&lt;/code&gt;, обозначающие наделение признаком, тоже пишутся&#xA;  с буквой е: &quot;леденить&quot;, &quot;коченить&quot;, &quot;окостенить&quot;, &quot;окровенить&quot;, &quot;остервенить&quot;,&#xA;  &quot;оцепенить&quot; и т. п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why it is so and what it historical-linguistic background for this I don't know but I think it's sae to conclude that your gut feeling is right. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-05-17T20:05:38.203" LastActivityDate="2020-05-17T20:05:38.203" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22447" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22449" CreationDate="2020-05-18T05:34:34.320" Score="9" ViewCount="1316" Body="&lt;p&gt;During a software development process, software is usually deployed on different environments, which also have different names and roles, depending on the team and development process:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Development environment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Testing environment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;QA environment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Staging environment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pre-production environment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Production environment&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are probably even more names out there. But I never found a translation of them.&#xA;How would you call those environments or systems in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14543" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2020-05-18T21:17:59.183" LastActivityDate="2020-05-21T17:57:19.443" Title="How can we name different deployment environments in Russian?" Tags="&lt;терминология&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22447" CreationDate="2020-05-18T06:50:14.900" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Those are &quot;девелоперское окружение&quot; (or even &quot;девелоперский энвайормент&quot; - pronounced usually closer to &quot;энвайромент&quot; however), or just simple &quot;дев&quot;, &quot;тестинг&quot; or (very rarely and in official documentation) &quot;тестовое окружение&quot;, &quot;стейджинг&quot;, &quot;препродакшн&quot; or &quot;препрод&quot; and, finally, &quot;продакшен&quot;, or just &quot;прод&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whether we like it or not, huge portion of dev-related terminology is used as is in English - and therefore became a part of Russian vocabulary just like the words &quot;танк&quot;, &quot;гаубица&quot; or &quot;телеграф&quot; did it before. However every time one need to check. For instance, branches in version control are called interchangeably &quot;бранч&quot; and &quot;ветка&quot;, for DB connections one can hear both &quot;подключение&quot; and &quot;коннекшен&quot;. Or, for example, the most widely adopted pronunciation for ssh is &quot;эс-эс-аш&quot;, not &quot;эс-эс-эйч&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-05-21T17:57:19.443" LastActivityDate="2020-05-21T17:57:19.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22449" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22447" CreationDate="2020-05-18T07:18:01.837" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Development environment - среда разработки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Testing environment - среда для тестирования (среда тестирования)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;QA environment - среда контроля качества&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Staging environment - стейджинг&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pre-Production environment - пре-продакшен (пре-прод, пре-прода)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Production environment - продакшен (прод, прода)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А вообще, эти выражения можно говорить на английском. Русские программисты (и другие айтишники) поймут вас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14483" LastActivityDate="2020-05-18T07:18:01.837" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22450" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-18T07:45:17.440" Score="5" ViewCount="225" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today a reddit user &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/localfonts/comments/gldcpx/kholodos_the_slang_name_of_the_refrigerator_in/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;claimed&lt;/a&gt; that &quot;холодос&quot; (I guess the last &quot;o&quot; is stressed) is a slang name for a refrigerator in Russian, and I'm like - no way, never in my life I've heard this before. However googling quickly showed that this word does indeed &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81/top/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;exist&lt;/a&gt;, very much to my surprise. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: how old is this word, is is something relatively new or actually was used, say in seventies, and what is its geographical distribution - is it used throughout the Russia or does it belong to some narrower context. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-05-18T08:00:23.593" LastActivityDate="2020-05-18T23:22:54.730" Title="How old and widespread is the word &quot;холодос&quot;?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22450" CreationDate="2020-05-18T11:41:58.720" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This word is popular among teenagers. Adults don’t say that (or very rarely).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It’s very easy to come up with a new word in Russian, so it’s hard to say if the word &quot;холодос&quot; was in the 70s. But you can be sure that even then it would be clear that we are talking about the refrigerator.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14483" LastActivityDate="2020-05-18T11:41:58.720" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22450" CreationDate="2020-05-18T23:15:31.747" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Changing words by adding &quot;-ос&quot; to them is popular in teenage gopnik subculture in Russia (something like US white trash I think)&#xA;Widespread examples are бандос from бандит, bandit and девятос from девятка, VAZ2109 car, and досвидос from до свиданья, good bye.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14486" LastEditorUserId="14486" LastEditDate="2020-05-18T23:22:54.730" LastActivityDate="2020-05-18T23:22:54.730" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22453" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22454" CreationDate="2020-05-19T00:19:47.593" Score="1" ViewCount="133" Body="&lt;p&gt;Excerpt:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;“…А ты кто? (1)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– А я кабан-клыкан. Пустите и меня! (2) &#xA;  Вот беда, всем в рукавичку охота! (3)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– Тебе ведь и не влезть! (4)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– Как-нибудь влезу, пустите!” (5)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;– Ну что ж с тобой поделаешь, лезь! (6)&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here’s my translation thus far:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;… And who are you? (1)&#xA;– And I am the tusked boar. Let me in! (2)&#xA;Here’s the trouble: that was everyone’s wish in the glove! (3)&#xA;– Why don’t you come in! / Don’t come in, you see! (4)&#xA;– I’ve come anyhow, let me in! (5)&#xA;– Well what are you doing with yourself, come! (6)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm confused about (4) and (5) mainly:&#xA;(4): Unsure whether охота behaves as a noun or predicate here (c.f. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0&lt;/a&gt;).&#xA;(5): I would have thought that the не means “don’t”. After all, 5-6 animals in a glove is crowded, but the story seems to be about making room for all the animals, so unsure whether its instead partial negative, i.e. the “why not” construction, or even emphasized affirmation, as per &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B5#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B5#Russian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14548" LastActivityDate="2020-05-19T00:58:15.410" Title="Comprehending these sentences from the story &quot;Рукавичка&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22453" CreationDate="2020-05-19T00:58:15.410" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Correct translation would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;… And who are you? (1) – And I am the tusked boar. Let me in! (2) Here’s the trouble: everyone wants to get into the glove! (3) – But you won't fit in / you won't be able to get inside (4) – I’ll fit somehow, let me in! (5) – Well what can I say, come in! (6)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“охота” here looks closer to predicative. Personally I'd say it has a verbish role here. I feel that Wiktionary article is incomplete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“не” is indeed a negating particle, and it is often translated as “don't”. Example: “не входить” — “don't enter”. But in this case it's part of “тебе и не __ть” which means “you couldn't do something even if you're allowed/ even if you try”. Regarding the Wiktionary article, that would be the 4th meaning probably.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And one thing that you missed — “что ж с тобой поделаешь”. First, about literal translation. It's not “what are you doing with yourself”, but “what can one do with you”. It's an impersonal sentence (I'm not 100% sure if it's correct term). Second, about actual translation. “Что ж [с тобой/с этим] поделаешь” (note that part in square brackets is optional) is an idiom and means something between “there's nothing I can do about this” and “what can I say”. First is closer by meaning, while second is closer by usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1836" LastActivityDate="2020-05-19T00:58:15.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22455" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22447" CreationDate="2020-05-19T13:08:42.490" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you cun see from other answer Russain language is under heavy siege from english terms. So you can just use english names and be understood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for &quot;pure russian terms&quot; (wich are not recognised by everybody - it sort of &quot;cold language civil war&quot; and are not so pure) I can suggest following translations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Development environment - среда разработки&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Testing environment - тестовое окружение, среда тестирования&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;QA environment - контрольное окружение (it's more official term - rarely used in everyday speech )&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Staging environment - макетное окружение (almost never used - only in documents prepared according to ГОСТ standarts), макет&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Pre-production environment - опытное окружение, опытное производство (also rarely used - I've used it only in documents for industrial software)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Production environment - рабочее окружение&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastActivityDate="2020-05-19T13:08:42.490" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22356" CreationDate="2020-05-20T07:52:57.837" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my mind all those words (фундук, лещина, лесной орех) are interchangeable. I mean I could tell my mother &quot;Я пошел в лес собирать фундук&quot;, and my mother would understand me. No problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12531" LastActivityDate="2020-05-20T07:52:57.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22457" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22458" CreationDate="2020-05-20T17:29:59.513" Score="7" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some time ago I took a Russian test that contained the following question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В об(о,е)их коробках оказались семена.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;1) обоих&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;2) обеих&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;3) оба варианта корректны&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;4) оба варианта некорректны&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I chose answer 2 and got zero points for that question, whilst a coursemate of mine chose option 3 and got her answer marked as right. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm very much confused. As far as I understand and &lt;a href=&quot;http://cblle.tufs.ac.jp/dic/ru/v_search_detail.php?id=1818&amp;amp;where=3&amp;amp;where_word=%D0%9E&amp;amp;goi_word=%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;verified&lt;/a&gt; on the Internet, feminine nouns in the prepositional case require &lt;strong&gt;обеих&lt;/strong&gt;, which means that choosing &lt;strong&gt;обоих&lt;/strong&gt; for a feminine noun in the prepositional case is a mistake. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I asked the coursemate as to why she had chosen answer 3, and she said she believed that in conjunction with a feminine noun in the prepositional case, it is okay to use either form - &lt;strong&gt;обоих&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;обеих&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I did some research in Google and found that &lt;strong&gt;обоих&lt;/strong&gt; is indeed often used in conjunction with feminine nouns in the prepositional case, and here are some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В одной коробке в 6 раз больше ручек, чем в другой. А в &lt;strong&gt;обоих коробках&lt;/strong&gt; 84 ручки. Сколько ручек в каждой коробке? (&lt;a href=&quot;https://abiturient.pro/matematika/1601352-v-odnoj-korobke-v-6-raz-bolshe-ruchek-chem-v-drugoj-a-v-oboih-korobkah-84-ruchki-skolko-ruchek-v-kazhdoj.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Заказывала два размера 35.5 и 36.5, на &lt;strong&gt;обоих коробках&lt;/strong&gt; указан 37. Сами кроссовочки хорошенькие.  (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ozon.ru/reviews/145094597/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Копирайт на &lt;strong&gt;обоих коробках&lt;/strong&gt; гласит 2004 год. В коробке с SV96 лежат отлитый в синий пластик кузов, 3 синих, 4 черных, 2 хромированных и 2 прозрачных литники. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.autoinscale.com/?section=article&amp;amp;id=199&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But such usage, albeit common, seems to be formally against the grammatical rules as they are written. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So what is the correct answer to the test question? Do I have a strong case to challenge the score given to me by the teacher?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2020-05-21T07:12:31.353" Title="&quot;В об(о,е)их коробках оказались семена&quot; - which vowel should I choose?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22457" CreationDate="2020-05-20T17:53:38.837" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can interpret &quot;коробки&quot; as a plural of &quot;коробка&quot; or &quot;коробок&quot;, so it's obviously a trick question. With seeds either one would make sense. The examples you've found are indeed utterly incorrect and your friend is wrong as well - she simply guessed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastActivityDate="2020-05-20T17:53:38.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22460" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-20T20:18:49.070" Score="4" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was taught that an unreal conditional sentence always begins with &lt;code&gt;если бы...&lt;/code&gt;, i.e. &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; always &lt;em&gt;immediately&lt;/em&gt; follows &lt;code&gt;если&lt;/code&gt;. However, I recently came across the following examples that indicate that there is variation, and that the variation is meaningful:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если ты бы пошёл в театр, я бы пошёл с тобой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you went to the theatre, I would go with you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unreal conditional, action in the present.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если бы ты тогда пошёл в театр, я бы пошёл с тобой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you had gone to the theatre, I would have gone with you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unreal conditional, action in the past.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are these translations accurate? If so, what variation is possible in the word order of &lt;code&gt;если бы&lt;/code&gt; and what do the different word orders mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4267" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-05-21T21:20:10.940" Title="Does бы have to follow immediately after если?" Tags="&lt;word-order&gt;&lt;particles&gt;&lt;conditional&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22461" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22460" CreationDate="2020-05-20T21:00:42.813" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Note that the essential difference between your two Russian sentences is in the presence of the word &lt;em&gt;тогда&lt;/em&gt; in the second one, while the word order in the first one is just within the usual Russian &quot;free word order&quot; boundaries, nothing special.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Naturally, the most neutral way to say it is &lt;em&gt;Если бы ты ...&lt;/em&gt;, the change of the word order is usually meant to signify something, to serve a purpose. Since the context of the first sentence is limited, the most obvious purpose of the inversion is to highlight &lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt;, &quot;you, not the others&quot;, like &quot;[I don't like theater so I didn't go there, but] if &lt;em&gt;you&lt;/em&gt; went, then I'd go with you, [too. I wouldn't bear it being the only man there among all those boring old ladies.]&quot; — in square brackets are reconstructed probable parts of the context that are missing. Whatever the actual situation was, &lt;em&gt;ты&lt;/em&gt; is highlighted there, when spoken it would also carry a logical stress.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When learning a language, the &lt;em&gt;rules&lt;/em&gt; teach us the standard, neutral ways of saying things. In real conversation or text those rules are often broken, always for a reason. Mastering a language also means mastering the fine art of breaking those rules in such a way that doesn't mutilate your speech, but only clarifies it and makes it more natural than when all the rules are observed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-05-20T21:06:48.447" LastActivityDate="2020-05-20T21:06:48.447" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22463" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-21T00:36:31.233" Score="3" ViewCount="365" Body="&lt;p&gt;My name is Ilana, and over the years, many Russians have told me I have a Russian name. I am not Russian. Is Ilana a Russian name? I couldn't find it as a Russian name on Google. (I did find that &quot;Ilona&quot; is a Hungarian name, maybe that's related? )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I really like Russian nicknames. Is there a Russian nickname for Ilana?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14559" LastActivityDate="2020-05-21T18:03:32.397" Title="Is &quot;Ilana&quot; a Russian name? And does it have nicknames?" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22464" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22466" CreationDate="2020-05-21T03:55:10.147" Score="2" ViewCount="156" Body="&lt;p&gt;so I'm learning a few phrases in Russian and I came across this sentence, but I'm not sure of what it means, like the few online translators that I have tried tell me that is something like &quot;Here you have it&quot; or &quot;Here's one for you&quot;, but as much as I try to understand the few examples that I've seen I just don't seem to get it. Can you guys help me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14560" LastActivityDate="2020-05-21T06:41:24.263" Title="What is &quot;вот тебе раз&quot; and how do you use it?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20652" CreationDate="2020-05-21T04:12:34.193" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;To go&quot; is a verb of motion, so in Russian, perfective form also applies for &quot;to start doing something&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case &quot;я хочу поехать в Бразилию&quot; means, that the speaker wants to start the process of going to Brazil. Starting the process, quite logically, can be understood as a completed action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also compare this with the use of a similar perfective: &quot;я хочу &lt;strong&gt;приехать&lt;/strong&gt; в Бразилию&quot; - in this case the speaker wants to really arrive to Brazil.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using perfective vs imperfective may indeed be complicated and mis-aligned with English. As it may depend on the spatial and temporal details. But for practical cases it's probably enough to remember the above explanation of perfective used for set off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14561" LastEditorUserId="14561" LastEditDate="2020-05-21T04:28:21.880" LastActivityDate="2020-05-21T04:28:21.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22466" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22464" CreationDate="2020-05-21T06:30:21.643" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Вот тебе и раз&quot; they say when something rather unpleasant happens, but at the same time you remain calm&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Я сегодня поцарапал телефон&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Вот тебе и раз...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In english - something like that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-I scratched my phone today&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-Oh no (calmly, without emotion)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More examples of phrases to which you can respond &quot;вот тебе и раз&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;холодильник сломался&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;я не хочу идти с тобой в парк&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;погода испортилась&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;автобус поедет по другому маршруту&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14483" LastEditorUserId="14483" LastEditDate="2020-05-21T06:41:24.263" LastActivityDate="2020-05-21T06:41:24.263" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22467" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22463" CreationDate="2020-05-21T06:48:20.530" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, in Russia it will be easier to call you &lt;strong&gt;Илона&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;Лана&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also the Russian name &lt;strong&gt;Елена&lt;/strong&gt; [yelena] , most likely your friends had it in mind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14483" LastActivityDate="2020-05-21T06:48:20.530" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22460" CreationDate="2020-05-21T07:05:33.917" Score="-1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Are these translations accurate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, but difference between 2 examples is word &lt;code&gt;тогда&lt;/code&gt;. It shows to past (in this case). Here the word order does not matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Если бы&lt;/code&gt; always indicates the past or the future, but never the present.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Если бы ты пошла со мной, я бы купил мороженое&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;in denends of context, maybe:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you came with me, I would buy ice cream&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you come with me, I will buy ice cream&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But next examples is equal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если бы ты пошла со мной, я бы купил мороженое&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если ты бы пошла со мной, я бы купил мороженое&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если пошла бы ты со мной, я бы купил мороженое&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если со мной ты бы пошла, купил бы я мороженое&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14483" LastActivityDate="2020-05-21T07:05:33.917" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22469" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22457" CreationDate="2020-05-21T07:12:31.353" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;корОбка - в &lt;code&gt;обеих&lt;/code&gt; корОбках&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;коробОк - в &lt;code&gt;обоих&lt;/code&gt; коробкАх&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14483" LastActivityDate="2020-05-21T07:12:31.353" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22463" CreationDate="2020-05-21T11:27:31.927" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In short, &lt;strong&gt;no, it's not a Russian name&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It depends on what we consider Russian or non-Russian. Technically speaking there's very few names with Slavic roots in Russian. Let's limit list by female names and it would be: Надежда, Любовь, Вера, Владислава, Людмила and Светлана - and &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;that's basically it&lt;/a&gt;. &quot;Светлана&quot; by the way has extremely interesting origin - it &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;was coined&lt;/a&gt; by a poet in XIXth century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Should we count Александра, Анастасия, Дарья, Мария, Ольга, Марина non-Russian then? Well, of course they are Russian names, since de-facto Russian parent use often this names. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about Прасковья, Евдокия, Алевтина, Офелия - are they Russian? I mean nowadays it's not that easy to find Агриппина. However of course they are Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What about Ilana specifically? It's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilana&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a Hebrew name&lt;/a&gt; that's used predominantly in Jewish communities - to my knowledge not extremely popular but not exotic as well. There's no statistically significant (&lt;a href=&quot;https://data.mos.ru/opendata/7704111479-svedeniya-o-naibolee-populyarnyh-jenskih-imenah-sredi-novorojdennyh&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here's&lt;/a&gt; some open data on name distribution in Moscow if one is intrested) tradition in Russian or even Jewish Russian communities in Russia to give this name at birth.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This name, by the way, should not be confused with Ilona - a name of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilona&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;uncertain origin&lt;/a&gt; which is used predominantly in Hungary, Poland and  and Czechia - but not in Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lastly, Лана suggested in the other answer provided actually &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8F)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;is a short form&lt;/a&gt; of Светлана.    &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To conclude - this name is as Russian as, say, Роберта. Somebody can name their child Илана and the child honestly won't find any difficulties of bearing that name - yet another exotic name, not a big deal - Russia is multinational country where people got quite used to any exotic combinations. In fact, I've just realised that without googling I can name at least one Russian Ilana - Илана Юрьева from &quot;Уральские пельмени&quot; show. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;As of the nickname part&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;I believe you are confusing nickname and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocorism&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;diminutives&lt;/a&gt;, diminutive can be a nickname but nickname is not necessarily a diminutive. So the form for Ilana would be whatever Russian speaker will come up with - we are very productive in that aspect. A (definitely uncomplete) list would be - Ланчик, Ланусик, Иланчик, Иля, Илечка and so on an so on.  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-05-21T18:03:32.397" LastActivityDate="2020-05-21T18:03:32.397" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22471" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22460" CreationDate="2020-05-21T14:11:35.000" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Does бы have to follow immediately after если?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, not at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Considering a phrase &lt;code&gt;Если бы ты тогда пошёл в театр...&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt; can be moved almost anywhere¹, except in the very beginning of the sentence and in-between a preposition and its noun. All the sentences below are grammatically acceptable:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Если б ты тогда пошёл в театр...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Если ты б тогда пошёл в театр...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Если ты тогда б пошёл в театр...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Если ты тогда пошёл бы в театр...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;Если ты тогда пошёл в театр бы...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, placing &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt; at the very end makes it sound somewhat clumsy, like if you've decided what exactly you want to say at the very last moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference or preference as to where to put &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Since one can put an emphasis on different words in a sentence, stressing&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;ты&lt;/code&gt; to express that it should've been &lt;em&gt;you&lt;/em&gt;, as opposed to &lt;em&gt;someone else&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;тогда&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;em&gt;then&lt;/em&gt;, as opposed to &lt;em&gt;some other date or time&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;пошёл&lt;/code&gt; - given some context it could be &lt;em&gt;walk&lt;/em&gt;, as opposed to &lt;em&gt;drive&lt;/em&gt;, but in general it is &lt;em&gt;went&lt;/em&gt;, as opposed to e.g. &lt;em&gt;stayed home&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;в театр&lt;/code&gt; - &lt;em&gt;to the theater&lt;/em&gt;, as opposed to &lt;em&gt;somewhere else&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Positioning &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; next to (either before or after) the stressed word makes it sound more natural and in texts - when the choice of intonation is up to a reader - placing &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; in front of the stressed word helps writer convey the intended intonation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now if you wonder about the difference of &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; vs &lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt; - grammatically there is none. Commonly &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; would be used if the next word starts with &lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt;; some people would use &lt;code&gt;б&lt;/code&gt; if the next word starts with a vowel and &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; otherwise, but those aren't rock-solid rules. The choice is mostly made based on the preference of a speaker or, say, the foot of a verse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(¹) &lt;strong&gt;Upd:&lt;/strong&gt; You can exploit the &quot;free word order&quot; even further and move &lt;code&gt;если&lt;/code&gt; around, making the phrasing more casual and somewhat archaic. Same rules as with &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; apply, but &lt;code&gt;если&lt;/code&gt; can appear in the beginning of the sentence. &lt;code&gt;Если&lt;/code&gt; can even switch positions with &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt;, though if you put some distance between &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;если&lt;/code&gt; it will delay the point where the reader or listener will be able to distinguish a conditional phrase from a suggestion statement (one without &lt;code&gt;если&lt;/code&gt;), making it sound somewhat weird.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5600" LastEditorUserId="5600" LastEditDate="2020-05-21T21:20:10.940" LastActivityDate="2020-05-21T21:20:10.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22472" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19683" CreationDate="2020-05-22T09:09:28.403" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;An important point to note here is that the grammar of a language is its lower level description that you are not going to be aware of if you speak the language fluently. People did not learn a language in a formal way as we do today in schools for most of history. The vast majority of the speakers of a language that doesn't have a verb for &quot;to have&quot; wouldn't be aware of that fact at all. So, they would then not invent a verb for &quot;to have&quot; just because a related language they speak does have such a verb. Subjectively it seems like their own language actually does have a verb for &quot;to have&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally experienced this with the language Bengali that I learned as a child, but which was not the language of the country I grew up in. I never took formal language lessons in Bengali. It never dawned on me that there is no &quot;to have&quot; in Bengali until I studied Latin in school. So, I was using a construction using &quot;to be&quot; all the time from childhood onward and I never even knew it. When I was studying Latin in school I noticed some similarities with grammar of Latin and Bengali. When I learned the construction in using &quot;to be&quot; to implement &quot;to have&quot;, I realized that this is the same in Bengali.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14568" LastActivityDate="2020-05-22T09:09:28.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22473" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7397" CreationDate="2020-05-22T12:44:34.117" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would recommend to you to use russian virtual keyboard which uses transliteration. There are many of them online. You can use for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.interklava.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian virtual online keyboard&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's quite simple.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14569" LastActivityDate="2020-05-22T12:44:34.117" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-05-22T12:45:10.073" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22475" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16348" CreationDate="2020-05-22T17:55:30.160" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Приди - It is imperative within a non-strict sense of commanding (imperative) to do something. &quot;Come to my house and show me.... blabla...&quot; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Приходи- It is a no-deal strict order, but you can use it when you are confident to someone also, and you are eager and happy to see the other one that you can say &quot;You will have come to my house&quot; (Will have participle = Future Perfect) and as &quot;Приходи&quot; is perfective, then we can relate it to &quot;&lt;strong&gt;Future-Perfect-imperative&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And you are a soldier, and you order.. you say &quot;Приходи&quot; and not &quot;Приди&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will have come (perfect future, no deal.. you have to) = Приходи&#xA;Future Perfect = Perfective&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope it helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14571" LastActivityDate="2020-05-22T17:55:30.160" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22476" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-22T21:27:40.880" Score="-2" ViewCount="90" Body="&lt;p&gt;I noticed that the accusative case is:&#xA;•Меня→Me&#xA;•Тебя→You (informal, singular)&#xA;•Его/Него→Him, it (M)&#xA;•Её/Неё→Her, it (F)&#xA;•Его/Него→It(N)&#xA;•Нас→Us&#xA;•Вас→You (formal, plural)&#xA;•Их/Них→Them&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I also noticed that the genitive case goes exactly the same, but I'd like to know what the &lt;strong&gt;equivalent&lt;/strong&gt; is. As you can see the equivalents in the accusative case are me, you, him, her, it, us, you and them. Basically, can someone translate the personal pronouns in genitive case to English? Please. Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13021" LastActivityDate="2020-05-23T01:31:44.253" Title="Personal pronouns in genitive case?" Tags="&lt;местоимения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22477" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22476" CreationDate="2020-05-22T22:54:53.453" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;English doesn't have cases anymore, him/her/me/them/us is just a remnant of a case system that got abolished long ago, so &quot;translating&quot; the cases to English doesn't really make sense. Don't think about what some Russian case would be in English. You should instead think about the class of questions the cases answer in Russian and try to memorize the declensions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, the accusative case answers the questions &lt;em&gt;Кого?/Что?&lt;/em&gt; and the genitive case answers &lt;em&gt;Кого?/Чего?&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For accusative it would be something like &lt;em&gt;Кого ты видел? Его, её, Кол&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Engish, it's just &lt;em&gt;Who did you see? Him, her, Kolya&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For genitive, &lt;em&gt;Кого нету дома? Его, её, Кол&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Who isn't home? He, she, Kolya&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2020-05-22T22:54:53.453" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22478" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22476" CreationDate="2020-05-23T01:25:50.510" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Prepositions which govern genitive case in Russian are у, около, возле, вокруг (near, around), от (from), до (to, till), без (without).  For all these prepositions, the English pronoun is him/her/me/them/us.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Negations like &quot;здесь его нет&quot; are hard to translate to English without rearrangning words, but similar rearrangement would change case in Russian. &quot;There is no him here&quot; sounds odd, and &quot;He is not here&quot; is equivalent to the Russian &quot;Он не здесь&quot;, in which sentence the pronoun is in nominative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Disclaimer: there are many possible translations for each preposition, depending on the context. I give what I consider to be the most common translation. Also, it is possible that I forgot some preposition/s which govern the genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2020-05-23T01:31:44.253" LastActivityDate="2020-05-23T01:31:44.253" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22479" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22484" CreationDate="2020-05-23T08:15:10.167" Score="34" ViewCount="2863" Body="&lt;p&gt;The grammatical construction &lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt;, literally &lt;em&gt;at/near me&lt;/em&gt;, is the Russian way to express possession and is also used to express proximity:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня хорошая подруга. (I have a good friend.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она сейчас у меня. (She is now at my place.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I occasionally encounter sentences in which this construction apparently means something different, and I'm at a loss as to what is that meaning. Such sentences look absolutely normal except for the presence of that construction, which appears to be inserted there for no reason at all. Here are some sentences I just found on the Internet to illustrate what I'm talking about:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Он &lt;strong&gt;у нас&lt;/strong&gt; умный слишком. Он &lt;strong&gt;у нас&lt;/strong&gt; рабочий класс презирает. Смеется над ним. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://online-knigi.com/page/31243?page=2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) А вот самый-то интересный вопрос – что было бы, если бы Гитлер &lt;strong&gt;у нас&lt;/strong&gt; пошел по этому штрассеровскому пути и все-таки Германия прошла бы гражданскую войну. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://echo.msk.ru/programs/victory/536130-echo/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) Конец 40-х годов, Сталин &lt;strong&gt;у нас&lt;/strong&gt; пишет великую статью про язык. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://echo.msk.ru/programs/personalnovash/2128908-echo/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) - Если народ не понимает, зачем нужен переход, значит, надо объяснить народу, он &lt;strong&gt;у нас&lt;/strong&gt; умный и понятливый! - заявил Толстых. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sport-express.ru/football/reviews/791394/8082737884/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(5) Внук Любови Рогожниковой, Дима, показывая на бабушку, с нотками восхищения в голосе говорит: &amp;quot;Она &lt;strong&gt;у меня&lt;/strong&gt; хорошо катается! А я - пока еще нет&amp;quot;. (&lt;a href=&quot;http://permneft-portal.ru/newspaper/articles/horoho-skolzim-299/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(6) Поверь, он &lt;strong&gt;у нас&lt;/strong&gt; пожалеет о том, что родился. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://proza.ru/2014/02/04/2293&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The formula is: subject + у меня + verb or zero copula. You can easily find many similar sentences on the Internet by substituting various subjects, pronouns, and verbs into that formula and searching the resulting phrases in Google.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How can I interpret this construction in such sentences? I'm at a loss as to how I can accurately translate such sentences into English to meet the &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/20449&quot;&gt;standards&lt;/a&gt; of my teacher.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-05-26T09:37:26.583" Title="What's the meaning of &quot;у нас&quot; in phrases like &quot;он у нас умный&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22481" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22479" CreationDate="2020-05-23T10:37:49.107" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Examples from question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(1) Он у нас умный слишком. Он у нас рабочий класс презирает. Смеется&#xA;  над ним.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(2) А вот самый-то интересный вопрос – что было бы, если бы Гитлер у&#xA;  нас пошел по этому штрассеровскому пути и все-таки Германия прошла бы&#xA;  гражданскую войну. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(3) Конец 40-х годов, Сталин у нас пишет великую статью про язык.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(4) - Если народ не понимает, зачем нужен переход, значит, надо&#xA;  объяснить народу, он у нас умный и понятливый! - заявил Толстых. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(5) Внук Любови Рогожниковой, Дима, показывая на бабушку, с нотками&#xA;  восхищения в голосе говорит: &quot;Она у меня хорошо катается! А я - пока&#xA;  еще нет&quot;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;(6) Поверь, он у нас пожалеет о том, что родился.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other meanings of &lt;em&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;у нас&lt;/strong&gt;&quot;&lt;/em&gt; except yours (&lt;strong&gt;possession&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;proximity&lt;/strong&gt;) are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;1) Speaker underlines, that subject stands out something strongly among us, he is different from us. (Examples 1, 4, 5, 6). Speaker expresses &lt;strong&gt;some emotions&lt;/strong&gt;: pride (admiration) - 5, praise (flattery) - 4, sarcasm - 1, discontent - 6.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example 3 may have different meanings. But it is clear from context, that speaker expresses negative emotions about Stalin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2) Meaning of sentence expresses abstract reflections, &lt;strong&gt;assumptions&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sentence 2 belongs to this case, it is clear from context. (The article examines three scenarios.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;если бы Гитлер у нас пошел бы по этому штрассеровскому пути...&quot; = &quot;если бы Гитлер в наших размышлениях пошел бы по этому штрассеровскому&#xA;  пути...&quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other examples of such sentences are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;Допустим, он у нас пошёл в магазин&quot; = &quot;Допустим, он пойдет в магазин&quot; (&quot;Предположим в наших размышлениях, что он пойдет в&#xA;  магазин&quot;)&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;or &lt;em&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;x&lt;/strong&gt; у нас равен 5&quot; = &quot;&lt;strong&gt;x&lt;/strong&gt; в наших рассуждениях равен 5&quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunatly, i can't translate these sentences (accurately) into English according to Your high level of knowledge of language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE:&#xA;Let's look context.&#xA;ex.1: &lt;em&gt;&quot;распалял себя парень&quot;, &quot;заорал парень&quot;&lt;/em&gt; = big emotions;&#xA;ex.4: exclamatory sentence and &lt;em&gt;&quot;заявил&quot;&lt;/em&gt; = exclamation. Note: first meaning (&lt;em&gt;=наш&lt;/em&gt;) (just possession without emotion) also possible for this example.&#xA;ex.5: exclamatory sentence and &lt;em&gt;&quot;с нотками восхищения&quot;&lt;/em&gt; = emotion; (and also as Sergey Slepov has noticed it is may be example of speech with baby. &lt;em&gt;&quot;Кто это к нам пришёл?)&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&quot;Кто это у нас такой красивый?)&quot;&lt;/em&gt; = emotion of pride or praise. May be it is third of others meanings of &quot;&lt;em&gt;у нас&lt;/em&gt;&quot;).&#xA;ex.6: question and exclamation sentences before example and &lt;em&gt;&quot;отчего так убиваться-то?&quot;&lt;/em&gt; = emotion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example 3 may have different meanings: &#xA;your second meaning (just proximity)&#xA;or abstract reflections (= &quot;in our reflection&quot;)&#xA;or emotion: pride or discontent.&#xA;Context of ex.3 are &lt;em&gt;&quot;вместо того, чтобы заниматься экономикой, повышать благосостояние людей, начинает заниматься орфографией, придираться к каким-то словам&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&quot;это признак кризиса власти&quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;I prefer think that speaker expresses discontent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Context of ex.2 are &lt;em&gt;&quot;а был ли третий путь?&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;&quot;если брать эти три варианта...&quot;&lt;/em&gt; = reflections, assumptions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14303" LastEditorUserId="14303" LastEditDate="2020-05-24T18:03:12.080" LastActivityDate="2020-05-24T18:03:12.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22482" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-05-23T07:07:15.357" Score="1" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как переводится &quot;would have been working&quot; : В конце года, исполнилось бы 12 лет, как он работает \ работал \ работал бы в этой фирме, но его уволили \ но он был уволен? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="дарко" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-05-23T11:24:24.057" LastActivityDate="2020-05-23T11:24:24.057" Title="как переводится &quot;would have been&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22483" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22482" CreationDate="2020-05-23T11:23:41.897" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&quot;Исполнилось бы 12 лет, как он работает в этой фирме&quot; is the most universal one, &quot;исполнилось бы 12 лет, как он работал&quot; can be applicable if narrator talks about events that happen in the past, &quot;работал бы&quot; is ungrammatical in this particular case, though in colloquial speech repetitive &quot;бы&quot; is quite frequent. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However! It worth to know that de-facto in the overwhelming majority of cases &quot;исполнилось бы&quot; is used only for the age, like &quot;ему исполнилось бы 23&quot;, &quot;ей исполнилось бы теперь восемнадцать лет&quot; etc. Have one say something like what you intend to say, they'd rather use something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В конце года было б 12 лет, как он работает в фирме&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В конце года будет 12 лет как он работает в фирме (if we are talking about &quot;now&quot;).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-05-23T11:23:41.897" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22484" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22479" CreationDate="2020-05-23T12:38:48.670" Score="35" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are a few different meanings in your examples. Let's try and unpick them. &lt;strong&gt;У меня, у нас&lt;/strong&gt; can be used to express:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Possession: у меня = мой, у нас = наш:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У меня рука болит = Моя рука болит.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У нас народ умный = Наш народ умный (your example #4)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A patronizing / possessive way of referring to people, often your kids / spouses, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Он у меня ещё маленький = He (my kid) is still very small.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Таня у нас (=наша Таня) очень одарённая! - Our Tanya is very talented. (Something a proud teacher might say.)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In your example #5 little Dima is copying his granny's way of calling him &quot;ты у меня&quot; and suddenly turns the tables by saying &quot;Она у меня хорошо катается&quot; - &quot;She's a really good skater, this granny of mine&quot;. Now &lt;em&gt;he's&lt;/em&gt; patronizing her!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(It is very common, especially among mothers, to call their children and husbands simply &quot;мой&quot;: &quot;Мой вчера на рогах заявился.&quot; | &quot;Мой двойку из школы притащил.&quot; | &quot;А мой-то у меня что вытворил!&quot; - note the double possessive!)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;(By extension of the previous meaning) Dimunition of a person: &quot;I'm your boss&quot;, &quot;I own you&quot; kind of talk:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Так, а ты &lt;strong&gt;у нас&lt;/strong&gt; кто? - Now, who do &lt;strong&gt;we have&lt;/strong&gt; here? / Who the heck are you?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(1) Он у нас умный слишком. - He, this guy of ours, is too smart.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(6) Поверь, он у нас пожалеет о том, что родился. - Trust me, we'll have him to regret he was even born.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The line between (2) and (3) above can be blurry. If your name is followed by &lt;strong&gt;у меня / у нас&lt;/strong&gt;, you could be anything from being lovingly patronized to threatened murder.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now there is a totally different &quot;у нас&quot; which is used parenthetically in a narrative to say &quot;As we have it&quot;, &quot;as our story goes&quot;, &quot;let's suppose&quot;, etc:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(3) Конец 40-х годов, Сталин у нас пишет великую статью про язык. This could also be interpreted as у нас = in our country, but I think in this case it's just a parenthetic &quot;у нас&quot;: &quot;It's the end of the forties; Stalin, &lt;strong&gt;as we know,&lt;/strong&gt; writes a monumental article about language.&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(2) А вот самый-то интересный вопрос – что было бы, если бы Гитлер &lt;strong&gt;у нас&lt;/strong&gt; пошел по этому штрассеровскому пути и все-таки Германия прошла бы гражданскую войну. - ... what would happen if &lt;strong&gt;we had&lt;/strong&gt; Hitler go Strasser's way...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is used to pull the listener's attention, make them part of the story.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-05-26T09:37:26.583" LastActivityDate="2020-05-26T09:37:26.583" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22485" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19493" CreationDate="2020-05-23T21:33:20.440" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know this is an old question, but still...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even in the free-order languages, some word orders are more standard (unmarked) and others are more unusual (marked). Non-standard word order must have a reason. &#xA;In poetry it is often rhyme or even more often poetic meter. I would guess this is the reason for this word order in Krylov's case. The unmarked word order would be Ворона, взгромоздясь на ель, ... or взгромоздясь на ель, ворона, ... &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When reading your first sentence, В кампус я придя с утра, &#xA;I actually expected it to continue in the same meter: A a A a A a A (stressed-unstressed) and was confused when the meter broke.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, as mentioned above, it's almost impossible to have &quot;cup of soup&quot; unless it's clear soup (бульон) and even then there must be something that makes it explicitly a чашка, for example, handle and more (or almost the same) height than width.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14581" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-05-24T21:52:50.673" LastActivityDate="2020-05-24T21:52:50.673" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22486" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22437" CreationDate="2020-05-24T03:25:00.070" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Also, when you are just being very, very, very happy a Russian could say &quot;я на седьмом небе от счастья&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14583" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-05-24T21:53:40.213" LastActivityDate="2020-05-24T21:53:40.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22488" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22489" CreationDate="2020-05-24T18:27:54.083" Score="2" ViewCount="297" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a phrase из лесу, meaning &quot;from the forest&quot;. Also, you may say &quot;из леса&quot;, which seems to me much more sensible.  But I'm wondering if лесу really is some realisation of the genitive case, singular. If so, it ought to be possible to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Modify it with an adjective.&lt;/b&gt; For example: Он ушел из глубокого лесу.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Use it wherever genitive is called for. &lt;/b&gt; For example: Он из лесу. (meaning, &quot;he's from the forest&quot;, of an animal, a piece of wood, or whatever)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Without preposition из.&lt;/b&gt; For example, состоянье лесу, for &quot;the condition of the forest&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which of my examples are grammatical? Or are none of them, except &quot;из лесу&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2020-05-30T09:55:13.720" LastActivityDate="2020-11-02T14:08:04.740" Title="Are &quot;из лесу&quot; and &quot;из леса&quot; completely interchangeable?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22489" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22488" CreationDate="2020-05-24T20:55:05.760" Score="3" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sort of yes, modification with adjective sounds ok here, like in &amp;quot;из тёмного лесу/леса&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;из зимнего лесу/леса&amp;quot; - though I have to admit that most likely one will use adjective in combination with genitive. The same holds true with the other &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/404/what-are-the-lesser-known-russian-cases&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;lesser cases&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; usages, like in &amp;quot;выпить сладкого чаю&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;жду твоего письма&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;росту он был маленького&amp;quot; etc. This is a nice question though, since for other phrase, &amp;quot;из дому&amp;quot; it's very unlikely to use it in combination with adjective - in that aspect phrase &amp;quot;из дому&amp;quot; can be considered atomic.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However keep in mind that phrase &amp;quot;он ушёл из глубокого лесу&amp;quot;, though grammatically correct, will sound very unnatural to Russian native speaker even with &amp;quot;леса&amp;quot;-form. Most likely you wanted to say something like &amp;quot;он вышел из дремучего леса&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;No, the sentence &amp;quot;он из лесу&amp;quot; is not ablative, &amp;quot;он вышел из лесу&amp;quot; is. In this particular case overwhelming majority of Russian speakers will say &amp;quot;он из леса&amp;quot; if ablative is not implied from the context like in: &amp;quot;Откуда это он? Из лесу?&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Absolutely no, it's &amp;quot;состояние леса&amp;quot;, you can think of &amp;quot;из лесу&amp;quot; as of an idiom that can not be split further.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2020-11-02T14:08:04.740" LastActivityDate="2020-11-02T14:08:04.740" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22491" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22479" CreationDate="2020-05-25T19:03:57.577" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you are in a company of three or more persons, then one can say about some person &quot;he is like that&quot; - that is the meaning of &quot;он у нас... (умный, смелый, богатый и т. д.)&quot;. Actually this does mean &quot;он такой&quot; - &quot;he is like that&quot;. Adding &quot;у нас&quot; you don't actually add new important information, but just an emotional &quot;color&quot;. Then it can mean &quot;he is like that in our company (within us)&quot;.&#xA;When you say it normally, then this is just a normal sentence or even a praise. But you can also laugh at the person. You can add &quot;он &lt;strong&gt;у нас&lt;/strong&gt; такой&quot; then it adds some (a little bit) depreciation, abasement of the discussed side or feature of a person. That means that you a little laugh at a person. It happens, for example, when a person doesn't actually have the discussed side or feature or the level of this side or feature is negligible, but the person pretends or think he has this feature at a high level.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example. Person actually a bad musician - novice or something. But he pretends to looks like a pro. Then you can say &quot;oh, you are such a musician (in our company)!&quot; - &quot;ты (у нас) такой музыкант!&quot;. You can add &quot;же&quot; to enforce the abasement - &quot;ты &lt;strong&gt;же&lt;/strong&gt; у нас такой музыкант!&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here &quot;in our company&quot; or &quot;у нас&quot; does mean that the fact, that the person has his side or feature at a negligible level is obvious for all other people outside of your company. But inside you pretend that his level is high, but in the same time you openly laugh at him. Depending on the situation and company it can be a friendly joke or serious insult.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the basic meaning is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;он умный&quot; - &quot;he is clever&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adding some words you can &quot;add colors&quot; to you sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;он у нас умный&quot; - &quot;he is clever (smart) within us (in our company)&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;он у нас самый умный&quot; - &quot;he is cleverest within us (in our company)&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;он же у нас умный&quot; - &quot;he is clever within us (in our company) after all&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;он же у нас самый умный&quot; - &quot;he is cleverest within us (in our company) after all&quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Actually the meaning of such a phrase (praise, laugh) depends on the intonation and situation. I have explained mostly the &quot;laugh&quot; case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also don't confuse it with possession:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;&lt;strong&gt;у нас (есть)&lt;/strong&gt; яблоки&quot; - &quot;&lt;strong&gt;we have&lt;/strong&gt; apples&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&quot;он &lt;strong&gt;у нас&lt;/strong&gt; умный&quot; - &quot;he &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; clever&quot;, &quot;our company has such a clever man&quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second case is not actually posession (of apples or something), but describing a person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14586" LastEditorUserId="14586" LastEditDate="2020-05-25T19:28:35.663" LastActivityDate="2020-05-25T19:28:35.663" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22492" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22494" CreationDate="2020-05-26T04:00:09.153" Score="2" ViewCount="219" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that there are a variety of ways to say &quot;probably,&quot; which depend on the context (my attempt at translation in parentheses):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;вероятно (a bit literary, more in reference to likelihood)&#xA;наверно (more colloquial than above)&#xA;возможно (more in reference to a possibility)&#xA;скорее всего (implying something of the highest likelihood)&#xA;может быть (maybe, could be, can be)&#xA;пожалуй (seems more casual)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a non-native speaker, should I default to using some of these words over others? Are these &lt;em&gt;generally&lt;/em&gt; interchangeable, or is it confusing if one is said instead of another? Basically, it's hard for me to tell which is best to use in different contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11788" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-05-26T15:38:50.607" LastActivityDate="2020-05-26T17:18:23.890" Title="What are good words to use for &quot;probably&quot;?" Tags="&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22494" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22492" CreationDate="2020-05-26T09:58:29.323" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;These are all generally interchangeable. That said, you can divide them into groups: &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Colloquial&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (наверно/наверное, может быть), which are mostly used in day-to-day speech (closer to &quot;I guess&quot; and &quot;I think so&quot;); &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Formal&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (вероятно, пожалуй), rarely used in speech, but often seen in articles (&lt;em&gt;вероятно&lt;/em&gt; is more scientific, closer to &quot;probably&quot;, and &lt;em&gt;пожалуй&lt;/em&gt; is something you'd see in literature rather than hear in speech);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&quot;In-between&quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (возможно, скорее всего) - &lt;em&gt;возможно&lt;/em&gt; is quite close to &quot;possibly&quot;, and &lt;em&gt;скорее всего&lt;/em&gt; would be close to &quot;It is likely that...&quot;, which you'd see in news. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using these in a &quot;correct&quot; manner would require a lot of experience, so even if you use &lt;em&gt;вероятно&lt;/em&gt; in a place where &lt;em&gt;наверно&lt;/em&gt; would make more sense, you will simply sound more foreign - people will have no issue with understanding you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14590" LastEditorUserId="14590" LastEditDate="2020-05-26T10:33:33.573" LastActivityDate="2020-05-26T10:33:33.573" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22495" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22492" CreationDate="2020-05-26T10:41:42.410" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Basically, it's hard for me to tell which is best to use in different contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are almost sure, use &lt;code&gt;скорее всего&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are not that sure, but chances are much higher than 50%, use &lt;code&gt;вероятно&lt;/code&gt; (more formal) or &lt;code&gt;наверное&lt;/code&gt; (less formal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you don't know if something is true, but it is possible, use &lt;code&gt;возможно&lt;/code&gt; (more formal) or &lt;code&gt;может быть&lt;/code&gt; (less formal).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't use &lt;code&gt;пожалуй&lt;/code&gt;, as it has a special meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't use the spelling &lt;code&gt;наверно&lt;/code&gt;, since &lt;code&gt;наверное&lt;/code&gt; is better.  &lt;code&gt;Наверно&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;наверное&lt;/code&gt; is like &lt;code&gt;definately&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;definitely&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2020-05-26T17:18:23.890" LastActivityDate="2020-05-26T17:18:23.890" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22496" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22498" CreationDate="2020-05-28T13:53:04.800" Score="4" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_declension#Adjectives&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian Declension&lt;/a&gt; Wikipedia article, which gives several examples for different adjective declensions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article explains that masculine adjectives ending in the nominative in ий and neuters in ее are declined as follows:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;его (read: ево), ему, им, and ем. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This explains the difference between the declensions of хоро́ший and высо́кий, as the former Neuter is хоро́ш&lt;strong&gt;ее&lt;/strong&gt;, while the latter is высо́к&lt;strong&gt;ое&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is pretty of a yes/no nature:&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Can we know that these two declines differently just based on their masculine form + the ending consonant?&lt;br&gt;&#xA;In other words, can the different declensions of хоро́ший and высо́кий be explained in terms of the different function of the letters ш and к?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14600" LastActivityDate="2020-05-31T14:16:18.453" Title="Can we know that хоро́ший and высо́кий declines differently based on their ending consonant?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22497" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22496" CreationDate="2020-05-28T15:21:43.753" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the adjectives with the stem ending in a soft consonant have &lt;em&gt;-его&lt;/em&gt; in genitive, those with the stem ending in a hard one have &lt;em&gt;-ого&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adjectives in &lt;em&gt;-кий, -гий, -хий&lt;/em&gt; have &lt;em&gt;-ого&lt;/em&gt; in genitive because these three consonants are weak in modern Russian, meaning that the following vowel defines their palatalization, not the other way around as for the rest of the consonants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically, they are all hard, and in some Russian dialects, most notably the Old Moscow dialect, they are even pronounced hard before the adjectives' endings (&lt;em&gt;русскый&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;русский&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those adjectives also end in &lt;em&gt;-ое&lt;/em&gt; in neuter: &lt;em&gt;мягкий/мягкое, упругий/упругое, лопоухий/лопоухое&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-05-28T15:21:43.753" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22498" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22496" CreationDate="2020-05-28T15:27:21.540" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You actually &lt;a href=&quot;https://izamorfix.ru/rus/morfologiya/imya_prilagatelnoe.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;got it right&lt;/a&gt;, here's the set of rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the root ends with &lt;code&gt;к&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;г&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;x&lt;/code&gt; - in neuter it ends with &lt;code&gt;-ое&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the root ends with &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ч&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;щ&lt;/code&gt; - if masculine ends with &lt;code&gt;-ий&lt;/code&gt;, if by &lt;code&gt;-ой&lt;/code&gt;, then in neuter it ends with &lt;code&gt;-ее&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If the root ends with palatalized &lt;code&gt;н&lt;/code&gt;, then in neuter the ending would be &lt;code&gt;-ее&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Otherwise for &lt;code&gt;-ый&lt;/code&gt; we got &lt;code&gt;-ое&lt;/code&gt;, for &lt;code&gt;-oй&lt;/code&gt; it's &lt;code&gt;-о́е&lt;/code&gt; &lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-05-28T16:27:11.283" LastActivityDate="2020-05-28T16:27:11.283" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22499" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22496" CreationDate="2020-05-29T16:29:28.340" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, but not quite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are all the possible sets of endings for masculine adjectives:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;╔════╦══════════╦══════════╦════════╦══════════╦══════════╦═════════╦══════════╦════════╗&#xA;║    ║ Hard     ║ Hard     ║ Soft   ║ Sibilant ║ Sibilant ║ Glottal ║ Glottal  ║ Ц      ║&#xA;║    ║          ║ Stressed ║        ║          ║ Stressed ║         ║ Stressed ║        ║&#xA;╠════╬══════════╬══════════╬════════╬══════════╬══════════╬═════════╬══════════╬════════╣&#xA;║ N. ║ кра́сный  ║ родно́й   ║ си́ний  ║ све́жий   ║ большо́й  ║ я́ркий   ║ сухо́й    ║ ку́цый  ║&#xA;╠════╬══════════╬══════════╬════════╬══════════╬══════════╬═════════╬══════════╬════════╣&#xA;║ G. ║ кра́сного ║ родно́го  ║ си́него ║ све́жего  ║ большо́го ║ я́ркого  ║ сухо́го   ║ ку́цего ║&#xA;╠════╬══════════╬══════════╬════════╬══════════╬══════════╬═════════╬══════════╬════════╣&#xA;║ D. ║ кра́сному ║ родно́му  ║ си́нему ║ све́жему  ║ большо́му ║ я́ркому  ║ сухо́му   ║ ку́цему ║&#xA;╠════╬══════════╬══════════╬════════╬══════════╬══════════╬═════════╬══════════╬════════╣&#xA;║ I. ║ кра́сным  ║ родны́м   ║ си́ним  ║ све́жим   ║ больши́м  ║ я́рким   ║ сухи́м    ║ ку́цым  ║&#xA;╠════╬══════════╬══════════╬════════╬══════════╬══════════╬═════════╬══════════╬════════╣&#xA;║ P. ║ кра́сном  ║ родно́м   ║ си́нем  ║ све́жем   ║ большо́м  ║ я́рком   ║ сухо́м    ║ ку́цем  ║&#xA;╚════╩══════════╩══════════╩════════╩══════════╩══════════╩═════════╩══════════╩════════╝&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you correctly noted, the declension depends on the last consonant of the stem which can be either:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Hard (кра́сный, родно́й)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Soft (си́ний, ка́рий)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Glottal: г, к, х&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Sibilant: ж, ш, щ, ч&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;or ц.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;And&lt;/em&gt; when it comes to endings starting with -о (-ого, -ом), the position of the stress: the -о will change into -е in &lt;em&gt;unstressed&lt;/em&gt; positions after soft and sibilant consonants as well as &lt;strong&gt;ц&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to be all the way analytical about this, just memorise the endings in the &lt;code&gt;Hard&lt;/code&gt; column (-ого, -ому, -ым, -ем), and then apply these replacements to the first vowel of the ending depending on the stem type and the stress:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;╔═══════════╦═══════════╗&#xA;║ Hard or Ц ║ Otherwise ║&#xA;║ Either    ║ Either    ║&#xA;╠═══════════╬═══════════╣&#xA;║ -а        ║ -я        ║&#xA;╠═══════════╬═══════════╣&#xA;║ -у        ║ -ю        ║&#xA;╠═══════════╬═══════════╣&#xA;║ -ы        ║ -и        ║&#xA;╚═══════════╩═══════════╝&#xA;╔════════╦══════╦══════════╦══════════╦═════════════╦═════════╦════════╦══════════╗&#xA;║ Hard   ║ Soft ║ Soft     ║ Sibilant ║ Sibilant    ║ Glottal ║ Ц      ║ Ц        ║&#xA;║ Either ║ Uns. ║ Stressed ║ Unstr.   ║ Stressed    ║ Either  ║ Unstr. ║ Stressed ║&#xA;╠════════╬══════╬══════════╬══════════╬═════════════╬═════════╬════════╬══════════╣&#xA;║ -о     ║ -е   ║ -ё       ║ -е       ║ -о          ║ -о      ║ -е     ║ -о       ║&#xA;║        ║      ║          ║          ║ -ё in verbs ║         ║        ║          ║&#xA;╚════════╩══════╩══════════╩══════════╩═════════════╩═════════╩════════╩══════════╝&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(This only works in oblique cases but usually we already know the nominative, right?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To go from masculine to neuter/feminine/plural, change the ending to -ое/-ая/-ые and apply the above replacements to the first vowel of the ending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The good news is these replacements are quite universal across the language and work for other parts of speech and as well as other parts of the word (suffixes):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;ма́м&lt;strong&gt;ой&lt;/strong&gt; - ня́н&lt;strong&gt;ей&lt;/strong&gt; - ка́ш&lt;strong&gt;ей&lt;/strong&gt; - лапш&lt;strong&gt;о́й&lt;/strong&gt; - му́х&lt;strong&gt;ой&lt;/strong&gt; - земл&lt;strong&gt;ёй&lt;/strong&gt; (feminine instrumental endings)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;танц&lt;strong&gt;ев&lt;/strong&gt;а́ть - пританц&lt;strong&gt;о́в&lt;/strong&gt;ывать, туш&lt;strong&gt;ев&lt;/strong&gt;а́ть - затуш&lt;strong&gt;ёв&lt;/strong&gt;ывать (verbal suffix)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;лил&lt;strong&gt;о́в&lt;/strong&gt;ый - вишн&lt;strong&gt;ёв&lt;/strong&gt;ый - бе́ж&lt;strong&gt;ев&lt;/strong&gt;ый - со́&lt;strong&gt;ев&lt;/strong&gt;ый (adjectival suffix)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;мо́&lt;strong&gt;ем&lt;/strong&gt; - че́ш&lt;strong&gt;ем&lt;/strong&gt; - печ&lt;strong&gt;ём&lt;/strong&gt; - по&lt;strong&gt;ём&lt;/strong&gt; (3rd person plural verbal endings)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know this could be a bit too much to take in one bite. In case you get lost there's software tools to help you out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ws3.morpher.ru/russian/declension?s=%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%86&amp;amp;format=json&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;хромой косой синий полувыспавшийся куцый заяц&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-05-31T14:16:18.453" LastActivityDate="2020-05-31T14:16:18.453" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22500" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22501" CreationDate="2020-05-30T15:06:15.220" Score="8" ViewCount="1994" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the Russian word that sounds like &quot;bleen&quot; that is a mild swear word. Ben Rich (Bald and Bankrupt) suggest it translates to &quot;bloody hell&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is said 6:48 in this video (caution has a man defecating, although you can't see anything rude).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFQtAhH2B_c&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFQtAhH2B_c&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14605" LastActivityDate="2021-04-06T02:48:16.277" Title="What is the Russian word that sounds like &quot;bleen&quot;" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;мат&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22501" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22500" CreationDate="2020-05-30T15:22:59.483" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's &lt;em&gt;блин&lt;/em&gt;, literally &quot;pancake&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a minced oath for &lt;em&gt;блядь&lt;/em&gt; (literally &quot;whore&quot;), a Russian swear word. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-05-30T16:29:41.340" LastActivityDate="2020-05-30T16:29:41.340" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22502" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22500" CreationDate="2020-05-31T06:00:12.743" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm native russian. I think, &quot;bleen&quot; is less rude word than &quot;blyat&quot;. It sounds more like &quot;shit&quot;, &quot;fuck&quot;, &quot;damn it&quot;. We use &quot;bleen&quot; in our informal speech, and it's OK. No one  will shame you, if you use it.&#xA;Another thing with &quot;blyat&quot;. We don't use it often, especially with strangers. It's prohibited in formal communication and is considered as bad word in everyday speech. You can easily shock your friends if you use it without any emotional need, i.e. if you aren't in humor, or something really bad has happened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14608" LastActivityDate="2020-05-31T06:00:12.743" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22503" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22504" CreationDate="2020-05-31T20:39:46.383" Score="4" ViewCount="246" Body="&lt;p&gt;The context is the following paragraph (from &lt;a href=&quot;https://baaltii1.livejournal.com/198675.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://baaltii1.livejournal.com/198675.html&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Этот разговор мы начали в Принстоне, прогуливаясь по тамошней жизни и красивому закату. Показалось, что подобный разговор может быть интересен многим: и математикам, и просто &lt;strong&gt;ищущим людям&lt;/strong&gt;. Итак, вопросы задает Рома Михайлов. Отвечает Владимир Воеводский.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Going by individual words and some research on the web (e.g, [1]), it seems that it could be translated as &quot;seekers&quot;, meaning individuals actively looking for (deep) truths in life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this correct? What do you think?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[1] &lt;a href=&quot;https://vladimirdovgan.livejournal.com/135706.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://vladimirdovgan.livejournal.com/135706.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14613" LastActivityDate="2020-06-01T04:43:50.930" Title="What is the meaning of &quot;ищущим людям&quot; in this text?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22504" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22503" CreationDate="2020-05-31T23:28:35.863" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;You're right, &amp;quot;seeker&amp;quot; is exactly what it means.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Основная проблема, перед которой стоял ищущий человек, была вполне ясна – религия и атеизм // The main problem a seeker was facing, was very clear: religion or atheism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Любой спортсмен – это ищущий человек, который стремится стать быстрее, выше, сильнее // Any athlete is a seeker, aiming to become faster, higher, stronger&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ради поиска этой красоты, ради своего зрителя ищущий человек может преодолеть всё // A seeker can overcome anything for the search of this beauty, for their audience&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-05-31T23:28:35.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22505" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22503" CreationDate="2020-06-01T04:43:50.930" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;code&gt;Ищущий&lt;/code&gt; in this case has a non-specific meaning, but rather poetic.&#xA;May indicate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;person interested in math;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;person interested in self-development, broadening the horizons&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14483" LastActivityDate="2020-06-01T04:43:50.930" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22507" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22508" CreationDate="2020-06-02T04:18:38.990" Score="8" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have come across this sentence where the verb &lt;em&gt;жить&lt;/em&gt; is declined for the third person singular:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Там живёт около 500 человек. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shouldn't &lt;em&gt;живут&lt;/em&gt; be grammatically correct since we're talking about more than 2 people?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14367" LastActivityDate="2020-06-02T04:44:04.133" Title="Живут или живёт?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22508" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22507" CreationDate="2020-06-02T04:44:04.133" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal et al.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Форма единственного числа сказуемого указывает на совместное действие, форма множественного числа – на раздельное совершение действия. Ср.: &lt;em&gt;Пять солдат отправилось в разведку&lt;/em&gt; (группой). – &lt;em&gt;Пять солдат отправились в разведку&lt;/em&gt; (каждый с самостоятельным заданием); &lt;em&gt;К началу экзамена явилось десять студентов. – Десять студентов окончили институт с отличием&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ср. также различное согласование однородных сказуемых в одном и том же предложении: &lt;em&gt;Человек полтораста солдат высыпало из лесу и с криком устремились на вал&lt;/em&gt; (Пушкин) (в первом случае характеризуется совместность действия, во втором – раздельность).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Since this sentence is most probably about the population of a small town, this is more of a collective &amp;quot;action&amp;quot; of living there, and hence the singular is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-06-02T04:44:04.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22510" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22511" CreationDate="2020-06-02T19:43:03.517" Score="4" ViewCount="200" Body="&lt;p&gt;According to vowel reduction rules, the &quot;е&quot; at the beginning in some words like &#xA;Европа&#xA;Елена&#xA;Екатеринбу́рг &#xA;should be reduced just like &quot;j+ɪ&quot; (where &quot;ɪ&quot; stands for something very near to &quot;и&quot;).&#xA;Wikitionary says they should be pronounced in this way too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if I listen to a russian radio jingle ( “Европа +”) and some others native speakers saying that words I hear the “e” being pronounced like “j+э” as it would have been a stressed one even if shortened.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could someone please explain the correct way to pronounce the unstressed “Е” at the beginning of a word and the exceptions? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14626" LastActivityDate="2020-06-06T14:28:35.590" Title="Vowel reduction and unstressed &quot;е&quot; at the beginning" Tags="&lt;vowel-reduction&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22511" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22510" CreationDate="2020-06-02T20:31:53.157" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;Европа&lt;/em&gt; in this radio station's &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/x3VDqfucNKM?t=99&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;jingles&lt;/a&gt; is uttered using chanting pronunciation (&lt;em&gt;скандирующее произношение&lt;/em&gt;) where every syllable is pronounced in isolation and is stressed. Think people chanting &quot;U! - S! - A!&quot; or similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides, the prosody of the lyrics has to follow the music accents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not how the word &lt;em&gt;Европа&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pronounced&lt;/a&gt; in neutral speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I took recordings of the words &lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Европа&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;язык&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; from forvo.com and increased the duration of the first vowel fivefold, keeping the pitch. I used TwistedWave online sound editor for that (speed: 20%, lambda: voice, quality: best).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dropbox.com/s/88a88hyo0br00zu/19_9565219_138_346369%5B1%5D.mp3?dl=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Европа&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dropbox.com/s/jamnfyevrhajvez/6k_9565219_138_339182%5B1%5D.mp3?dl=0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;язык&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They sound pretty similar to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-06-04T20:40:15.427" LastActivityDate="2020-06-04T20:40:15.427" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22512" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22510" CreationDate="2020-06-02T20:33:38.887" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the mind of most literate native speakers, these words &quot;should&quot; be pronounced with &lt;strong&gt;Ye&lt;/strong&gt;, the way they are written. Vowel reduction is a nearly subconscious process which occurs in &lt;em&gt;fluent&lt;/em&gt; speech. When you ask someone to read it loud and clear (or sing it), they will probably sound it closer to Ye rather than Yee. Also, longer words like Екатеринбург tend to get a secondary stress on the first syllable which makes the Ye even more pronounced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-06-02T20:33:38.887" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22513" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22516" CreationDate="2020-06-03T07:39:50.670" Score="0" ViewCount="104" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильно ли здесь то, что второе цитируемое предложение с большой буквы (&quot;Для выполнения плана...&quot;) или так нельзя делать?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но также В.П. Аксёнов описывает поступки его коллеги, Макара&#xA;  Ивановича: «В райздраве он славился лихостью своих диагнозов», «Для&#xA;  выполнения плана койко-дней Макар Иванович клал в больницу знакомых&#xA;  старушек и упражнялся на них в диагностике».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14628" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2020-06-03T09:56:55.697" LastActivityDate="2020-06-03T12:32:34.817" Title="Как процитировать два полный предложения в одном?" Tags="&lt;цитата&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22515" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-03T12:11:23.320" Score="4" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference between &lt;strong&gt;в общем&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;в общем-то&lt;/strong&gt;, and how do they differ from &lt;strong&gt;вообще-то&lt;/strong&gt;? I've always interpreted &lt;strong&gt;в общем(-то)&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;em&gt;generally speaking/pretty much&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;вообще-то&lt;/strong&gt; as &lt;em&gt;actually&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2020-06-03T13:11:20.113" Title="Is there any difference between в общем and в общем-то, and how do they differ from вообще-то?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22516" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22513" CreationDate="2020-06-03T12:32:34.817" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the quotations should start with the capital letters, assumed that they start with the capital letters in the quoted text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should also use semicolons to separate them, not commas.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Lopatin, &lt;em&gt;Правила русской орфографии и пунктуации&lt;/em&gt;, § 147&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;При перечислении примеров точка после закрывающей скобки заменяется на точку с запятой: &lt;em&gt;«Как ты таинственна, гроза!» (И. Бунин. Полями пахнет...); «Не покидайте своих возлюбленных. Былых возлюбленных на свете нет...» (А. Вознесенский. Поэмы. М., 2001. С. 5).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically, the rules tells about references in parentheses, but it also applies to bare quotations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also have a strong feeling that you meant &lt;em&gt;так же&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;in the same way&quot;), not &lt;em&gt;также&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;also&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Но так же В. П. Аксёнов описывает поступки его коллеги, Макара Ивановича: «В райздраве он славился лихостью своих диагнозов»; «Для выполнения плана койко-дней Макар Иванович клал в больницу знакомых старушек и упражнялся на них в диагностике».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-06-03T12:32:34.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22517" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22515" CreationDate="2020-06-03T13:11:20.113" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В общем&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;в общем-то&lt;/em&gt; are very close indeed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В общем-то&lt;/em&gt; is more like a filler word, similar to English &lt;em&gt;basically&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;pretty much&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;all in all&lt;/em&gt;. Usually you can omit it without changing the meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;В общем&lt;/em&gt; is &amp;quot;generally speaking&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;in general&amp;quot;, which sums up something you said before or something you are going to say. If you didn't say anything before and not going to add something, it could sound a little bit off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кофе я, в общем, люблю (and there's a &amp;quot;but&amp;quot; coming)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В общем, кофе я люблю (given everything I said above)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кофе я, в общем-то, люблю (it has its ups and downs but overall, it's good)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Вообще-то&lt;/em&gt; is &amp;quot;actually&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;in fact&amp;quot;. It assumes mild disagreement with the premise of the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Ты ещё катаешься на своём велосипеде?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— В общем-то да.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means &amp;quot;I'm not riding my bike as often as I used to, but I do take it out for a spin every now and then&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Ты ещё катаешься на своём велосипеде?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Вообще-то да.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means &amp;quot;Yes I do, why? Do you want to borrow it from me? Not gonna happen. Do you think I'm too lazy for that? Tough luck!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-06-03T13:11:20.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22518" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-03T13:33:58.903" Score="1" ViewCount="372" Body="&lt;p&gt;Geeky stuff - как бы вы перевели это выражение на русский?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поясняю. Это рубрика для статей о том как использовать то, чем обычно пользуются IT-шники (программисты, сисадмины и т.п. &quot;geeks&quot;) для людей других профессий. Пример: &quot;Git для переводчиков&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это не обязательно должен быть буквальный перевод.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14630" LastActivityDate="2020-06-28T11:26:47.990" Title="Geeky stuff - как это по-русски?" Tags="&lt;software&gt;&lt;it&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22519" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14853" CreationDate="2020-06-03T14:17:32.850" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Is there a list of nouns that do take the locative case? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides the Wiktionary link already provided by @Quassnoi, there is the &lt;em&gt;Grammatical Dictionary of Russian&lt;/em&gt; by Andrey Zalizniak which lists these nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramdict.ru/search/*?additional=%D0%9F%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Nouns with distinct forms for Locative&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such nouns are marked with &lt;strong&gt;П&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;бе́рег&lt;/strong&gt; м 3c①, П2(на)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ад&lt;/strong&gt; м 1a—, П2(в)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The words in parenthesis are the prepositions to be used. Thus, one should say &lt;strong&gt;на берегу́&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;в аду́&lt;/strong&gt; but not &lt;strong&gt;в берегу́&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;на аду́&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We're losing Locative to the normal Propositional and it happens very fast - as we speak (literally!). Word by word. Such words have &lt;strong&gt;П&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; in square brackets:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;дуб м 1c, [П2(на)]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that both &lt;strong&gt;на дубу́&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;на ду́бе&lt;/strong&gt; are correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-06-03T14:17:32.850" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22520" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22518" CreationDate="2020-06-04T05:05:16.277" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Предлагаю несколько вариантов:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Гиковские штучки&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;От гиков&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;IT-инструменты&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Айтишные штучки&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;IT для всех&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14483" LastActivityDate="2020-06-04T05:05:16.277" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22521" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22518" CreationDate="2020-06-05T17:24:02.573" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если это рубрика на сайте, то думается, что подходящее название:&#xA;Чемоданчик гика&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14637" LastEditorUserId="14637" LastEditDate="2020-06-05T17:55:26.343" LastActivityDate="2020-06-05T17:55:26.343" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22522" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22510" CreationDate="2020-06-06T14:28:35.590" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This type of vowel reduction isn't strictly necessary for correct speech, unlike о&gt;а, for example. It happens naturally in fast speech when the speaker doesn't enunciate. In lazy speech it can reduce pretty much to ə or even a glottal stop isn't a vowel at all. It can even reduce to ы if there's a preceding consonant, although this is considered slurred speech pretty much. С Еленой в Екатеринбург &gt; сыленай выкатиринбур.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you enunciate properly it isn't considered wrong to pronounce it as ye, just takes more effort as you have to open your mouth wider between consonants where your mouth is closed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2020-06-06T14:28:35.590" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22523" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-08T07:57:19.747" Score="0" ViewCount="56" Body="&lt;p&gt;How should adjectives be formed after the verb &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он был богат/богатый/богатым.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Фильм будет интересен/интересный/интересным.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он богат/богатый.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14367" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-06-08T07:57:19.747" Title="Adjectives after &quot;to be&quot;" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2020-06-08T17:18:26.293" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22525" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-08T17:22:10.620" Score="2" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;At first I thought short-form adjectives were quite easy after seeing how they are formed. But when to use them turned out to be more complex. Here I have 5 sentences that made me confuse since they are all similar in terms of structure:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Александр очень ленив.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Маша очень общительная.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Моя бабушка очень добрая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он очень глуп.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Итальянки очень красивы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How do I decide which form to use when?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14367" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-06-15T15:21:28.297" Title="Short- or long-form adjective?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22527" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22528" CreationDate="2020-06-09T06:58:09.870" Score="5" ViewCount="317" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &quot;это&quot; appears in texts quite often. But sometimes it stays the same no matter what word comes after it, or sometimes it's declined according to the word it's reflecting. For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Это грамматика. У тебя есть эта грамматика?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, &lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt; comes in two different forms for the same word. I come across this situation rather often and wonder when &lt;em&gt;это&lt;/em&gt; should be declined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14367" LastActivityDate="2020-06-29T13:41:24.443" Title="When is &quot;это&quot; declined?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22528" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22527" CreationDate="2020-06-09T08:04:50.637" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Это&lt;/strong&gt; is not declined when it means &quot;this &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt;&quot;. Or, for that matter, &quot;these &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt;&quot;; you'd still say &lt;strong&gt;это книги&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;these/they are books&quot;, because &lt;strong&gt;эти книги&lt;/strong&gt; would be an incomplete statement strictly meaning &quot;these books&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By extension, &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; is not declined in its role as quasi-copula in statements of definition or explanation: &lt;strong&gt;Пантера — это чёрный леопард или ягуар.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And as you might guess, it gets ambiguous when you have a singular neuter noun: &lt;strong&gt;это зеркало&lt;/strong&gt; can be both &quot;this is/it's a mirror&quot; and &quot;this mirror&quot;. You'll have to infer from context which one it is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2020-06-09T08:12:26.300" LastActivityDate="2020-06-09T08:12:26.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22530" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22533" CreationDate="2020-06-10T16:47:53.577" Score="3" ViewCount="354" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English-speaking countries, when a child is being bad, parents often address her in full name to discipline. Do Russian parents do the same thing? I’m curious to know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14650" LastEditorUserId="14650" LastEditDate="2020-06-10T17:46:52.367" LastActivityDate="2020-06-20T14:35:55.970" Title="Do Russian parents call their children by full name to scold them?" Tags="&lt;этикет&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22532" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22530" CreationDate="2020-06-10T18:15:30.317" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, sometimes people in Russia do it exactly this way. Also I witnessed when people were calling their dog by it's full name when they were mad at it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14486" LastActivityDate="2020-06-10T18:15:30.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22533" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22530" CreationDate="2020-06-10T18:19:00.827" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes they do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This as far as I can judge is a feature of any language which has names with hypocorisms (pet names).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me quote Anna Wierzbicka's &quot;Semantics, Culture, and Cognition&quot;. Sorry about quoting the Russian translation as I don't have the English original handy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Ван Бурен (Van Buren 1977: 114) подчеркивает, что по отношению к детям полные имена звучат неодобрительно и что &quot;чем детей сильнее ругают, тем более полные формы имен при этом используют&quot;. (Например: &lt;em&gt;Jessie, no&lt;/em&gt; &quot;Джесси, нет&quot;; &lt;em&gt;Jessica, don't do that!&lt;/em&gt; &quot;Джессика, не смей этого делать!&quot;.) Кроме того, что таким свойством обладают только маркированные полные имена, у которых есть немаркированные краткие формы (т. е. &lt;em&gt;James&lt;/em&gt; или &lt;em&gt;Jessica&lt;/em&gt;, но не &lt;em&gt;Martin&lt;/em&gt; или &lt;em&gt;Clare&lt;/em&gt;), надо отметить также, что &quot;неодобрительная&quot; коннотация никак не может являться частью инвариантного значения таких форм. Отец может похвалить сына, сказав: &lt;em&gt;Well done, James!&lt;/em&gt; &quot;Молодец, Джеймс!&quot;, но может также и одернуть: &lt;em&gt;Stop it at once, James!&lt;/em&gt; &quot;Прекрати сейчас же, Джеймс!&quot;. То общее, что есть в обоих употреблениях, как раз и содержится в компоненте &quot;Я хочу говорить с тобой так, как (обычно) не говорят с детьми&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian full name contains a patronymic (father's name with a special suffix). Also, Russian has the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E2%80%93V_distinction&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;T–V distinction&lt;/a&gt; (addressing a person formally with the plural &quot;you&quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using the full name with the patronymic and the plural &quot;you&quot; to address a child is the absolute level of putting them into this &quot;adult mode&quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Мария Ивановна! Перестаньте ковырять в носу и послушайте мать. // Maria Ivanovna! Stop picking your nose and listen to your mother.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-06-10T18:19:00.827" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22534" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11494" CreationDate="2020-06-11T04:09:31.510" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wanted to add my &quot;5 копеек&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;There's at least 2 more cases of using &quot;вот&quot;, compared to &quot;здесь&quot;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Revealing something explicitly and exactly. Consider&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;&quot;Вот ты какой, северный олень!&quot; ([I see now] [exaclty and explicitly] what you are, a north deer)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example of the same, e.g. a shop assistant gives you phone, you just bought. Consider the case it is packed (giving a box):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Здесь Ваш телефон и чек. (Here is your phone and the bill)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in the case the box was not opened to show the buyer the contents of the box, I can not be completely sure the phone is there, so &quot;здесь&quot; is rather potential in this case, than actual.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Consider another example, phone is given rather unpacked. In this case&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Здесь Ваш телефон и чек. (Here is your phone and the bill)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is not proper -- I see it is here, the information is redundant and will sound quite odd unless you use &quot;вот&quot; in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот Ваш телефон и чек. До свидания. ([Exactly and explicitly] here is your phone and the bill. Good bye.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;Another case of using &quot;вот&quot;, in spoken language is to indicate a thought end, in opposite to &quot;так&quot; to indicate it's start. Consider&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот. Я всё сказал. (I've said it all)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;--  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так, продолжим. (Let's continue)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And beside it strange constructions like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Так вот, ... ([Let me continue] [[explicitly the thing] I was talking about some earlier is ]...)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;--&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот так. ([That is exactly the way it is/was])&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;now start making sense.&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;For other usages of &quot;вот&quot; one can consider &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.helsinki.fi/slavicahelsingiensia/preview/sh34/pdf/5.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this pdf&lt;/a&gt; but it's in Russian and contains very specific language-research-related language.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Вот так.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: Relative to the third bullet, when one is on the phone, the key point when using &quot;вот&quot; is permitted is &lt;em&gt;the listener can imagine the object position relative to the teller&lt;/em&gt;, IMHO.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Consider you're on the phone with someone looking for their glasses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;-- Привет, что делаешь? (Hi! What are you doing?)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -- Привет. Очки ищу. (Hi! Looking for my glasses.)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -- В кармане смотрел? На тумбочке? (Did you inspect your pockets? Your bedside table?)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  -- Да, нигде нет. Ааа, вот же они, у меня на лбу! (Yes, nowhere I can find them. Aaargh, here it is, on my forehead)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is perfectly correct. Another example (&quot;Детство&quot; Суриков, 1865):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вот моя деревня; (Here is the village where I live)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Вот мой дом родной; (It is the house where I grew up)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  Вот качусь я в санках (I'm sliding in a sled)&lt;br&gt;&#xA;  По горе крутой (Upon a steep hill)  &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is perfectly correct as the reader can imagine all these things relative to the author, somehow. Alone to say there we no radio discovered those days, and, consiquently, no GPS)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, consider when you're on slype with camera on both sides on, you can see things, you can point to things, and the opposite side person is again looking for their glasses, which you see in background conversation image on the table behind the mirror. How do you say that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;Вон они, на зеркале.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&quot;вот&quot; would sound odd in this case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5557" LastEditorUserId="5557" LastEditDate="2020-06-11T05:28:58.537" LastActivityDate="2020-06-11T05:28:58.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22535" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22527" CreationDate="2020-06-11T23:22:02.940" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Possibly useful comparison in English: &quot;it&quot; generally denotes a neuter noun.  However if you say, &quot;Who's that?  It's my father&quot;, this does not mean my father is neuter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway that's how my first ever Russian teacher explained it, many years ago :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4205" LastActivityDate="2020-06-11T23:22:02.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22536" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22537" CreationDate="2020-06-12T09:03:06.307" Score="-1" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to learn the lyrics and meaning of a song in russian (Мой друг - лучше всех играет блюз) and the first line is Поднят ворот, both unfamiliar words to me. A translation I found put them as meaning &quot;his collar is raised&quot;, but it seems to me that Поднят ворот would mean the gate is raised. Is that a correct translation? If so, is ворот the word you would ordinarily use to mean collar?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a side note, the title of the song &quot;Мой друг - лучше всех играет блюз&quot;: is that &quot;my freind, the best of all play the blues&quot;, or &quot;my freind is the best blues player of all&quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks if anyone can help me out with this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14662" LastActivityDate="2020-06-12T09:49:08.667" Title="Why does Поднят ворот mean collar is raised? Collar doesn't seem to be the meaning of ворот" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22537" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22536" CreationDate="2020-06-12T09:49:08.667" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Someone on reddit cleared it up for me. ворот is an abreiviation of воротник which means collar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14662" LastActivityDate="2020-06-12T09:49:08.667" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22538" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22530" CreationDate="2020-06-12T12:52:31.673" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;nope...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My actual name is Vladislav, but they call me Vlad, Vladuha, Vladon, Vladik, Vla, and just Sinyok (son)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14664" LastActivityDate="2020-06-12T12:52:31.673" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22539" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-13T00:34:56.990" Score="3" ViewCount="276" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;лет тому назад&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; and just &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&quot;лет назад&quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14667" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2020-06-13T01:44:34.633" LastActivityDate="2020-06-23T22:54:23.127" Title="Лет назад, лет тому назад" Tags="&lt;словоупотребление&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22540" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22539" CreationDate="2020-06-13T05:24:49.423" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;On the face of it, it would appear that &lt;strong&gt;лет назад&lt;/strong&gt; is anchored in the present whereas &lt;strong&gt;лет тому назад&lt;/strong&gt; is relative and thus more suitable for talking about the &quot;past before the past&quot;. I don't think anyone would find this usage correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В 1991 году распался СССР; &lt;em&gt;год назад&lt;/em&gt; РСФСР приняла декларацию о суверенитете.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idea of &lt;strong&gt;тому назад&lt;/strong&gt;, I think, was that you &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; instead say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В 1991 году распался СССР; &lt;em&gt;год тому назад&lt;/em&gt; РСФСР приняла декларацию о суверенитете.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Except — nobody actually says it like that. The distinction has either fallen out of use or never really caught on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a result, good and proper Russian would avoid using the expression in any way, shape or form — and instead say, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;В 1991 году распался СССР; за год до этого РСФСР приняла декларацию о суверенитете.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So we have &lt;strong&gt;лет назад&lt;/strong&gt; which is strictly relative to the present, and we have &lt;strong&gt;лет тому назад&lt;/strong&gt; which is... also strictly relative to the present. What, indeed, is the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My impression is that &lt;strong&gt;лет тому назад&lt;/strong&gt; is used for the same reason I just used the English expression, &lt;strong&gt;in any way, shape, or form&lt;/strong&gt;. Just for the ostentatious verbosity of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Put simply, &lt;strong&gt;лет тому назад&lt;/strong&gt; in its modern usage is a mere embellishment. And, as such, it's not for every occasion (you run a risk of sounding, at least a little bit, like &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxaM-cSMqpc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the turtle from &lt;em&gt;Buratino&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;), whereas you can't really go wrong with just &lt;strong&gt;лет назад&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastEditorUserId="4560" LastEditDate="2020-06-13T05:39:39.267" LastActivityDate="2020-06-13T05:39:39.267" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22541" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22542" CreationDate="2020-06-13T14:22:18.630" Score="3" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between those two words? Can i use only влечь? &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11669" LastActivityDate="2020-06-14T17:19:59.077" Title="What's the difference between навлечь and привлечь?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22542" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22541" CreationDate="2020-06-13T16:10:53.413" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;• &lt;em&gt;Привлечь&lt;/em&gt; (perfective) and &lt;em&gt;привлекать&lt;/em&gt; (imperfective) is a stylistically neutral aspect pair of verbs with wide usage meaning &amp;quot;to attract (attention, funds, but not in physical sense, like magnets attract iron)&amp;quot;. The deverbal adjective is &lt;em&gt;привлекательный&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;attractive (about a person, a place)&amp;quot;.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не шуми, а то &lt;strong&gt;привлечёшь&lt;/strong&gt; их внимание&lt;/em&gt;. 'Be quiet or you'll &lt;strong&gt;attract&lt;/strong&gt; their attention.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тебя &lt;strong&gt;не привлекает&lt;/strong&gt; перспектива поиграть с нами в покер?&lt;/em&gt; — 'The prospect of playing poker with the two of us &lt;strong&gt;doesn't appeal&lt;/strong&gt; to you?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, this pair of verbs has a judiciary meaning when used in the phrase &lt;em&gt;привлечь к ответственности&lt;/em&gt; 'to prosecute, to bring to account':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;За некоторые преступления можно &lt;strong&gt;привлечь к ответственности&lt;/strong&gt; лишь при наличии иска пострадавшей стороны.&lt;/em&gt; — 'Some of the crimes could only be &lt;strong&gt;prosecuted&lt;/strong&gt; in response to a complaint by the aggrieved party.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• &lt;em&gt;Навлечь&lt;/em&gt; (perfective) and &lt;em&gt;навлекать&lt;/em&gt; (imperfective) is archaic, used mostly in idiomatic phrases, &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;навлечь&lt;/strong&gt; что-то (Acc.) &lt;strong&gt;на&lt;/strong&gt; кого-то (Acc.)&lt;/em&gt;, like &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;навлечь на себя их гнев&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; — 'draw their wrath unto oneself'. Things one can &lt;em&gt;навлечь&lt;/em&gt; are limited to a rather short list, they are &lt;em&gt;гнев&lt;/em&gt; 'wrath', &lt;em&gt;беда, несчастье&lt;/em&gt;,'disaster', &lt;em&gt;подозрение&lt;/em&gt; 'suspicion', &lt;em&gt;опасность&lt;/em&gt; 'danger', &lt;em&gt;неприятности&lt;/em&gt; 'troubles, problems' — all kinds of nasty undesirable things.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Что же ты натворила, чтобы &lt;strong&gt;навлечь&lt;/strong&gt; такой гнев?&lt;/em&gt; — 'So... what did you do to incur that much wrath?'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• &lt;em&gt;Влечь&lt;/em&gt; (imperfective only, no perfective pair without a prefix) has very limited usage. It is either bookish and elevated, like &lt;em&gt;его &lt;strong&gt;влечёт&lt;/strong&gt; наука&lt;/em&gt; 'he is &lt;strong&gt;drawn&lt;/strong&gt; to science', or official and judiciary, usually &lt;em&gt;влечь за собой&lt;/em&gt; 'to entail, to lead to':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нарушение международных обязательств государством должно &lt;strong&gt;влечь за собой&lt;/strong&gt; ответственность.&lt;/em&gt; — 'The breach of international obligations by a State must &lt;strong&gt;entail&lt;/strong&gt; accountability.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Привитие детям навыков собственной защиты является необходимостью, однако это не должно &lt;strong&gt;влечь за собой&lt;/strong&gt; какую-либо правовую ответственность родителей или детей&lt;/em&gt;. — 'The education of children for their own protection is necessary but should not &lt;strong&gt;lead to&lt;/strong&gt; any legal responsibility for parents or children.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The deverbal noun is &lt;em&gt;влечение&lt;/em&gt; which is '(sexual) attraction, desire (sexual or to alcohol, drugs, food, etc.)':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Встречаешь кого-то и возникает сильное &lt;strong&gt;влечение&lt;/strong&gt; друг к другу.&lt;/em&gt; — 'Meet someone and - and have that... intense &lt;strong&gt;attraction&lt;/strong&gt; right away.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Когда люди влюблены, это &lt;strong&gt;влечение&lt;/strong&gt; обоюдное.&lt;/em&gt; — 'In love there's mutual &lt;strong&gt;attraction&lt;/strong&gt;.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;У меня непреодолимое &lt;strong&gt;влечение&lt;/strong&gt; просто... к пиву&lt;/em&gt;. — 'I've got a burning &lt;strong&gt;desire&lt;/strong&gt; for just... a beer.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To sum it up, it is &lt;strong&gt;not recommended&lt;/strong&gt; to use &lt;em&gt;навлекать, навлечь, влечь&lt;/em&gt; unless you are absolutely sure you know what exactly it is going to mean. Remember, &lt;em&gt;навлекать, навлечь, влечь&lt;/em&gt; are used mostly &lt;strong&gt;in idioms&lt;/strong&gt; and lawspeak, it is very easy to live without ever using those verbs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-06-13T16:10:53.413" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22543" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22541" CreationDate="2020-06-14T17:19:59.077" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, you cant use only &lt;code&gt;влечь&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Привлечь&lt;/code&gt; - arouse interest by another people (or animals). You can attract only those who can see you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Навлечь&lt;/code&gt; - attract problems&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14673" LastActivityDate="2020-06-14T17:19:59.077" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22544" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22500" CreationDate="2020-06-14T17:38:43.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bleen (Блин)&lt;/em&gt; - not swear word. Translate as &quot;Pancake&quot;. But have a second meaning - the annoyance that something did not work out&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Blyat (Блядь)&lt;/em&gt; - Translate as &quot;Whore&quot;. And it also has the same meaning as &quot;Блин&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You will gain a deeper understanding of Russian swear words by trying to translate the lyrics &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/leningrad/798456.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ленинград - Непросто&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14673" LastActivityDate="2020-06-14T17:38:43.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22545" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22539" CreationDate="2020-06-15T05:28:43.720" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just some thoughts on the topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Тому назад&lt;/strong&gt; is an idiom with &lt;strong&gt;тому&lt;/strong&gt; being optional. Thus we could tell that the meaning is generally the same, but тому adds a &lt;strong&gt;bookish&lt;/strong&gt; style to the sentence. Both variants explain how much time has passed since the present moment. Десять лет назад ---- сегодня исполнилось десять лет ,как что -то произошло.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Грамота.ру. explains the meaning of тому : В современном языке тому назад – фразеологизованное наречное выражение. Думаем, что историческое значение слова &quot;тому&quot; можно очень приблизительно реконструировать следующим образом: год (исполнился) тому (событию)...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But sometimes they are not interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Страна отброшена политически, экономически и социально на сорок лет назад. [Ю. О. Домбровский. Хранитель древностей &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this context we cannot insert тому .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-06-15T05:28:43.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22547" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22539" CreationDate="2020-06-15T14:33:00.477" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The original version of this expression was &lt;em&gt;тому назад, как&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Шесть недель тому назад, как писал я к Никону, которого и теперь цалую.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Только три дни тому назадъ, какъ я возвратился изъ Праводъ, и въ продолженіе столь короткаго времени ― сколько новыхъ картинъ, новыхъ чувствъ, мыслей и впечатлѣній!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Неделя тому назад как я видел такой экземпляр в этом роде, что прямо в печать просится.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This form fell out of use about a hundred years ago. However, even before it had fallen out of use, it started to be gradually replaced by &lt;em&gt;назад&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;тому назад&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;как&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Месяц тому назад я съездил домой&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Месяц назад я съездил домой&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Месяц, как я съездил домой&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first two are completely equivalent, meaning &quot;a month ago&quot;; the third one means more &quot;it's been a month since&quot; and is usually used with negations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Месяц, как я не ездил домой.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a couple of stylistic differences between the first two, like the one with &lt;em&gt;тому назад&lt;/em&gt; can use a freer word order:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;ul&gt;&#xA;  &lt;li&gt;Я съездил домой тому назад месяца с два&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, but otherwise they are semantically equivalent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-06-15T18:53:41.933" LastActivityDate="2020-06-15T18:53:41.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22548" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22525" CreationDate="2020-06-15T15:21:28.297" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;All your examples can use short and long forms alike.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Short and long forms do have some very finely different stylistic shades: statements with short forms sound a little bit more certain and categorical. But it's not perceptible in isolation, outside of a larger context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should use short forms for:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adjectives whose meanings have split for the short and long forms: &lt;em&gt;малый, великий, живой&lt;/em&gt; etc: &lt;em&gt;свитер мал; штаны велики; ребёнок жив&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Past passive participles: &lt;em&gt;я польщён, она влюблена&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-06-15T15:21:28.297" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22549" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22550" CreationDate="2020-06-15T16:01:49.913" Score="1" ViewCount="114" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had earlier asked a question about adjectives and participles, and cited this link:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/8001/how-to-tell-a-participle-from-an-adjective&quot;&gt;How to tell a participle from an adjective?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I now understand the answer of the above link better - &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &lt;p&gt;The answers in the link above mention a distinction by either time,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;A participle is a form of a verb that describes change over time. An&#xA;    adjective describes a more permanent attribute.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;or.... 'manifestation of change',&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;    &lt;p&gt;As far as I know, the participles mean &quot;the ones which are being&#xA;    changed&quot;, and the adjectives mean &quot;the ones that can&#xA;    be changed&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;  &lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;  &#xA;  &lt;p&gt;though the latter person qualifies this only for the specific examples&#xA;  in that link.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But &lt;strong&gt;now I want to express&lt;/strong&gt; this second English sentence (first one is included only for context);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;(There was a lot of paperwork to do.) &#xA;Therefore our father wanted us involved in the meeting with the agent.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and I originally (now knowing to use a participle [plural, accusative, pass, passive, perfective]) suggested the second sentence as;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;(Нам ну́жно бы́ло заполнить мно́го докуме́нтов.)&#xA;Поэ́тому наш оте́ц хоте́л нас вовлечённых в встре́чу с агентом.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Aside from this second sentence sounding formal, or awkward, is it grammatically correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Did I use the proper case/gender/number? (&quot;us&quot; is a male &amp;amp; a female)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am especially interested in the case of the participle, as applying cases to participles is something I am having great difficulty with. (I assume that, since который can be substituted for a present active participle, that the case of a participle is governed in the same manner as it is for который)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If not a good word, is there an alterantive participle in the same/a different case to use?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastActivityDate="2020-06-15T17:32:13.233" Title="вовлечённых - proper use in a translated English sentence for &quot;involved&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;participle&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22550" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22549" CreationDate="2020-06-15T17:32:13.233" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your sentence is not grammatically correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You cannot just calque &lt;em&gt;wanted us involved&lt;/em&gt; into Russian, it does not work this way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correct literal translation, albeit a stylistically sloppy one, would be &lt;em&gt;поэтому наш отец и хотел, чтобы мы были вовлечены во встречу с агентом&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the sentences which do work like this, you have to put the participle in instrumental:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ей никак не хотелось признать себя побеждённой. // She didn't want to admit being defeated (literally &amp;quot;admit herself defeated&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Здесь трудовой человек не может чувствовать себя заброшенным и одиноким // Here a working person cannot feel abandoned and alone (literally, &amp;quot;cannot feel oneself abandoned&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Я хотел было войти в калитку, но, против обыкновения, нашёл её запертой // I was about to go in at the gate, but found that, contrary to the common usage, it was locked (literally, &amp;quot;found it locked&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2020-06-18T08:26:04.260" LastActivityDate="2020-06-15T17:32:13.233" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22552" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-19T17:56:12.157" Score="3" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вопрос вот в чем: чем обоснована причина постановки тире в предложении &amp;quot;Он оставался таким же, как и прежде, – спокойным, трудолюбивым, скромным&amp;quot;?&#xA;Я считаю, что тире ставится по причине того, что &amp;quot;спокойным, трудолюбивым, скромным&amp;quot; является пояснением к &amp;quot;таким же&amp;quot;, ведь после &amp;quot;таким же, как и прежде&amp;quot; может быть вставлено &amp;quot;то есть&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;а именно&amp;quot;. Мой друг же говорит, что это присоединительные члены предложения и что они иногда выделяются тире, когда находятся в предложении без присоединительных союзов и сопровождаются паузой. Кто прав?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14692" LastActivityDate="2020-06-20T10:21:39.980" Title="Причина таких знаков препинания в предложении &quot; Он оставался таким же, как и прежде, – спокойным, трудолюбивым, скромным&quot;" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22554" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22552" CreationDate="2020-06-19T20:13:43.937" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal, &lt;em&gt;Справочник по русскому языку. Пунктуация&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Параллельное употребление двоеточия и тире встречается при обособлении пояснительных и уточняющих членов предложения: &lt;em&gt;Это означало одно (: —) нужно расстаться; Как долго продолжалось это молчание (: —) минуту, три, десять?; Потом началось главное (: —) поиски, нащупывание новых путей исследования; Кончался их разговор всегда одним и тем же (: —) ссорой; Сколько мне тогда было (: —) девятнадцать или двадцать?; Не знаю, когда уехать (: —) в среду или в четверг.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В заключение можно указать, что в &amp;quot;конкурентной борьбе&amp;quot; двоеточия с тире &amp;quot;победителем&amp;quot; нередко выходит тире. Это явление отмечается многими исследователями, которые считают, что &amp;quot;в целом тире — знак более свободный, заходящий и во владения двоеточия&amp;quot; и что &amp;quot;выявляется тенденция к вытеснению в ряде случаев двоеточия знаком тире&amp;quot;. Объяснить это можно особым статусом тире среди других знаков препинания: &amp;quot;В настоящее время тире очень употребительный и многофункциональный знак препинания. Он выполняет как грамматические (чисто синтаксические), так и эмоционально-экспрессивные функции; особенно широко используется он в последнем качестве в художественной литературе&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian punctuation is not codified to the extent where you can put your finger on a book, chapter and verse in a style guide and quote it as a single, unequivocal reason for every possible case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whoever put the em dash in this sentence put it there because felt the need to put it there. More so than putting a colon, and even more so than putting a comma, and even more so than putting other punctuation mark or nothing at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because they were reading lots of books which did the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The neural network in their brain responsible for Russian punctuation got wired in such a way that they had used the em dash and not some other thing in this sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other people could have put a colon in this sentence and I'm not aware of any reputable style guide which would advise otherwise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing with grammar, punctuation and other style guides for natural languages is that the language and its use come first.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The guides just try to capture the implicit rules that happen to evolve in speakers' and authors' minds and codify them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes there's no universal agreement on a rule, or the style guide author fails to capture a rule in a concise manner (this does happen, and quite often to boot).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case you just don't have a definite answer as to why the punctuation is one way and not the other, except &amp;quot;I've been reading lots of books and I just feel I need this mark here&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is one of those cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You and your friend are both right and both wrong, at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are both right because both the rules you are mentioning do exist and are not given any priorities in the style guides.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are both wrong because the style guides' rules are not the reason you use the punctuation one or another way. The use patterns, existing in writing, are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &amp;quot;correct&amp;quot; punctuation is the one which does not trigger the sense of wrong in most people who have been reading lots of books.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-06-19T20:25:23.777" LastActivityDate="2020-06-19T20:25:23.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22555" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22530" CreationDate="2020-06-20T00:43:02.320" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you mean &amp;quot;full name&amp;quot; something like &amp;quot;John Dow, you're bad&amp;quot;, instead of &amp;quot;John, you're bad&amp;quot;, Russian parents don't use it (at least, I never heard it around). As @Quassnoi said, we can use something like &amp;quot;Jessy&amp;quot; VS &amp;quot;Jessica&amp;quot; when we want to notice children actions (it can be either good or bad reasons). Patronymic... I use them only for little children, as a sign of my affection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13275" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-06-20T14:35:55.970" LastActivityDate="2020-06-20T14:35:55.970" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22556" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22552" CreationDate="2020-06-20T10:21:39.980" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Personally, I wouldn't put a comma before the dash: &amp;quot;Он оставался таким же, как и прежде – спокойным, трудолюбивым, скромным&amp;quot; this way the sentence would look more natural. I can't prove it by any rule, though ) just an optimization, maybe?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And yes, I also see the last part as an explanation, this is why the dash looks used correctly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14517" LastActivityDate="2020-06-20T10:21:39.980" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22557" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-20T12:41:43.157" Score="6" ViewCount="272" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have read in various sources : «жизнь в полосочку» or «через полосочку в клеточку»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this roughly equivalent to saying “life is up and down?” I’m having trouble finding an explanation of this figurative expression about stripes and squares.  What does it mean ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8501" LastActivityDate="2020-06-30T12:53:32.677" Title="Figurative meaning of в полосочку" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22558" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22557" CreationDate="2020-06-20T14:15:41.527" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;There's a saying &lt;em&gt;небо в клеточку, друзья в полосочку&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;checkered skies, striped friends&amp;quot;) which is a metaphor for prison. This refers to the windows grills and prison uniforms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There's another, unrelated idiom &lt;em&gt;черная полоса&lt;/em&gt;, literally &amp;quot;black stripe&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;black streak&amp;quot; which means &amp;quot;a rough patch&amp;quot; (in someone's life), and its opposite &lt;em&gt;белая полоса&lt;/em&gt; (literally &amp;quot;white stripe&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's hard to say for sure without context what exactly do your sentences mean, and I've never heard them in the very form you're quoting them, but I'd think they allude to one of these metaphors.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-06-20T14:34:20.127" LastActivityDate="2020-06-20T14:34:20.127" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22561" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-23T16:21:34.893" Score="1" ViewCount="44" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какие должны стоять знаки препинания в предложении &amp;quot;Они чувствовали гордость, когда им удавалось быть такими же(,) или еще более(,) жестокими, чем СС&amp;quot;?&#xA;Я, к сожалению, не могу понять, чем является &amp;quot;или еще более&amp;quot;. Возможно, присоединительным оборотом?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я бы писал так: они чувствовали гордость, когда им удавалось быть такими же, или еще более жестокими, чем СС&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14692" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-06-23T18:20:03.597" LastActivityDate="2020-06-23T18:32:36.790" Title="Какие должны стоять знаки препинания в конструкции &quot;такими же или ещё более … чем&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22562" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-23T17:03:43.400" Score="1" ViewCount="70" Body="&lt;p&gt;Каким является предложение &amp;quot;Я не понимаю, стоит ли мне это делать&amp;quot; - сложносочиненным или сложноподчиненным. По школьным правилам, если я ничего не забываю, получается, что это сложносочиненное бессоюзное. Так ли это? А если у нас такая ситуация  - &amp;quot;Я не понимаю, кто за это ответствен и стоит ли мне это делать&amp;quot;? Ставим ли мы запятую перед &amp;quot;и&amp;quot;? Разве не являются эти два предложения однородными придаточными?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14692" LastActivityDate="2020-06-23T18:10:00.697" Title="Каким является предложение &quot;Я не понимаю, стоит ли мне это делать&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22563" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-06-23T17:44:01.003" Score="2" ViewCount="70" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ставим ли мы двоеточие или тире в предложениях по типу:&#xA;&amp;quot;Как вам писать - на русском или на английском?&amp;quot;&#xA;&amp;quot;Какое это предложения - сложносочиненное или сложноподчиненное?&amp;quot;&#xA;&amp;quot;Какой вы человек - импульсивный или рассудительный?&amp;quot;&#xA;Мне почему-то ближе тире, однако я не могу найти никакого правила, подтверждающего мои догадки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14692" LastActivityDate="2020-06-23T18:19:19.927" Title="Тире или двоеточие?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22564" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22562" CreationDate="2020-06-23T18:10:00.697" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Да, сложносочиненное бессоюзное. Запятую перед и не ставим, потому что (да) придаточные однородные. Наличие союза на постановку запятой не влияет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-06-23T18:10:00.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22565" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22563" CreationDate="2020-06-23T18:19:19.927" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эти предложения простые, одноосновные, а слова после тире - уточняющие. Розенталь:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§ 22. Уточняющие члены предложения&#xA;Обособляются (выделяются запятыми, реже — тире) слова и словосочетания, уточняющие смысл предшествующих слов (уточнение — это переход от более широкого понятия к более узкому).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://old-rozental.ru/punctuatio.php?sid=118&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://old-rozental.ru/punctuatio.php?sid=118&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так что здесь лучше всего подойдёт запятая, допустимо тире, а двоеточие лучше не ставить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-06-23T18:19:19.927" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22566" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22561" CreationDate="2020-06-23T18:29:35.400" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Знаки препинания здесь не нужны, т.к. союз &amp;quot;или&amp;quot; соединяет два однородных члена, &amp;quot;такими же&amp;quot; и &amp;quot;еще более&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-06-23T18:29:35.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22567" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22561" CreationDate="2020-06-23T18:32:36.790" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The reason you feel this sentence to be off is that these two clauses require different conjunctions: &lt;em&gt;такими же жестокими, как&lt;/em&gt; but &lt;em&gt;более жестокими, чем&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that's OK in Russian and you can reuse a conjunction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You don't need a comma between these clauses:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Нужны и другие, которые обладали бы такой же или более высокой, чем стрептомицин, способностью подавлять туберкулезные палочки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Этнография не знает ни одного отсталого народа, будь он таким же или еще более первобытным, чем, скажем, австралийцы или огнеземельцы прошлого века, который не имел бы своего звукового языка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мы видим, что незабвенный автор Славянских Древностей превращению Финских Болгар в Славян находит аналогию в таком же или еще более быстром превращении Скандинавской Руси тоже в Славян&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-06-23T18:32:36.790" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22568" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22572" CreationDate="2020-06-23T19:26:00.667" Score="7" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;I read the following comment online:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не сомневаюсь, что и вы умеете выражаться, да ещё &lt;strong&gt;похлеще&lt;/strong&gt;, думаю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From the context, I gather that it means &lt;em&gt;I have no doubt that you know how to go off on someone - and even worse/harsher(?) than this, I'd imagine&lt;/em&gt;, but I can't figure out what adjective it comes from and whether it's &lt;strong&gt;похлеще&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;похлёще&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastActivityDate="2020-06-24T02:14:06.007" Title="What is хлеще the comparative of?" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22570" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22539" CreationDate="2020-06-23T22:54:23.127" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wow. Never crossed my mind... &lt;em&gt;Тому&lt;/em&gt; is a version of &lt;em&gt;То&lt;/em&gt; with assumption of some force or an action applied to &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt;. So I assume the answer by Nikolay Ershov is more correct than by others. It's pointing to the past happening before something else in the past. One would say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Месяц назад&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;when telling a story about the center of our attention happening one month ago while&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Месяц тому назад&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would be preferred when shifting the attention from something happening in past to another event happening &lt;em&gt;one month before it&lt;/em&gt;. In other words, a sequence of predecessor and a results are important here. I can't imagine when I would use &lt;em&gt;Тому&lt;/em&gt; without putting the two events into the context same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14703" LastActivityDate="2020-06-23T22:54:23.127" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22571" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22500" CreationDate="2020-06-23T23:05:36.480" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Gosh, some people say &lt;em&gt;bleen&lt;/em&gt; when they understand that someone else can hear them and they don't want to swear aloud. But since words sound similar and &lt;em&gt;bleen&lt;/em&gt; is just a &amp;quot;crêpe&amp;quot; / &amp;quot;pancake&amp;quot;, while the other word means &amp;quot;slut&amp;quot;, you kinda slide into lighter version of this sudden swearing. &lt;em&gt;Bleen&lt;/em&gt; is allowed on TV (though not appreciated because associated with uneducated speaker) and &amp;quot;blyad'&amp;quot; is forbidden.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would never translate &amp;quot;bleen&amp;quot; as &amp;quot;bloody hell&amp;quot; though. It's just an &amp;quot;oh, crap!&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14703" LastActivityDate="2020-06-23T23:05:36.480" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22572" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22568" CreationDate="2020-06-24T01:51:41.210" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The adjective is &lt;em&gt;хлёсткий&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;good at lashing&amp;quot;), the comparative is &lt;em&gt;хлеще&lt;/em&gt; (not &lt;em&gt;*хлёще&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It comes from &lt;em&gt;хлестать&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;to lash&amp;quot; and means &amp;quot;trenchant, scathing, vitriolic&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that all these words, Russian and English alike, are metaphors which literally mean &amp;quot;causing damage or pain&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The pattern which is used to form this adjective (verb root + &lt;em&gt;кий&lt;/em&gt;) means &amp;quot;good at doing something&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;ловить&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;to catch&amp;quot; &amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;ловкий&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;dexterous, cunning&amp;quot; (literally &amp;quot;good catcher&amp;quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;ять&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;to take, to have, to seize&amp;quot; &amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;ёмкий&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;capacious, concise&amp;quot; (literally &amp;quot;good taker or storer&amp;quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;звенеть&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;to ring&amp;quot; &amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;звонкий&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;sonorous, resonant&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &amp;quot;easily affected by something&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;ковать&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;to forge&amp;quot; &amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;ковкий&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;malleable&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;плавить&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;to fuse&amp;quot; &amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;плавкий&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;fusible&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;пасть&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;to fall&amp;quot; &amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;падкий&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;susceptible, prone&amp;quot; (literally &amp;quot;easy to fall for something&amp;quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-06-24T02:14:06.007" LastActivityDate="2020-06-24T02:14:06.007" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22573" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22346" CreationDate="2020-06-24T16:44:31.340" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Училка (very informal)&lt;/code&gt; is usually used between the students, commonly when they don't like them. It is kind of disrespectful. &lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Учительница (both formal and informal)&lt;/code&gt; &lt;strong&gt;is what you are looking for&lt;/strong&gt;, but let me continue!&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Преподаватель (formal)&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Препод (informal)&lt;/code&gt; can be used for both male and female.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Педагог (both formal and informal, but more formal)&lt;/code&gt; is the exact same as upper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14705" LastActivityDate="2020-06-24T16:44:31.340" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22574" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22576" CreationDate="2020-06-25T11:11:43.980" Score="2" ViewCount="179" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it grammatical to have multiple который clauses in a single sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, if I have an English sentence like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;I read a book that my friend recommended to me called 'Life'&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My instinct would be to do something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я прочитал книгу, которую мой друг мне рекомендовал, которая называется &amp;quot;Жизнь&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are sentences like that allowed in Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I often want to add multiple clarification clauses, but I haven't come across examples using two который clauses in the wild yet.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7611" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-06-25T11:54:16.873" LastActivityDate="2020-06-25T13:32:28.677" Title="Сan one use multiple который clauses in a single sentence?" Tags="&lt;граматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22575" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22574" CreationDate="2020-06-25T11:53:53.013" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, there's no police that will come for you in this particular situation in Russia, there's no language police at all after all, but this kind of combinations are highly unlikely in Russian without using &amp;quot;и&amp;quot;, so it would sound more natural if it will be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я прочитал книгу, которую мой друг мне рекомендовал и которая&#xA;называется &amp;quot;Жизнь&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, even in this form it sound slightly, don't know bookish compared to something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я прочитал книгу, которую мой друг мне рекомендовал, [она] &amp;quot;Жизнь&amp;quot; называется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-06-25T11:53:53.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22576" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22574" CreationDate="2020-06-25T13:32:28.677" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;I read a book that my friend recommended to me called 'Life'&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я прочитал книгу, которую мой друг мне рекомендовал, которая называется &amp;quot;Жизнь&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, it is correct grammatically, but it sounds a bit awkward.&#xA;A translator would have avoided the abundance of subordinate clauses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я прочитал книгу под названием «Жизнь», которую порекомендовал друг.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По совету друга я прочитал книгу, которая называется «Жизнь».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По совету друга я прочитал книгу (под названием) «Жизнь»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-06-25T13:32:28.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22577" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22581" CreationDate="2020-06-26T11:52:55.603" Score="26" ViewCount="1906" Body="&lt;p&gt;My Russian teacher recently had us, his students, listen some audio recordings of what he called &amp;quot;authentic everyday communications of Russians.&amp;quot; We had to understand the dialogues and briefly describe them in our own words, explaining possible contexts. That was a very hard task because of various slang words and idiomatic expressions as well as a very fast and somewhat indistinct manner of talking in the recorded dialogues.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Quite a few dialogues made me seriously puzzled, and I remember one of them particularly well. Here it is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;X (female voice): Ну что переходим?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Y (male voice): Какой переходим красный же.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;X: Ну я имею в виду вообще.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Y: Вообще да.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dialogue seems to be grossly ungrammatical and to make little sense, yet the pronunciation and the manner of talking left almost no doubt that the interlocutors were native speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it look like a natural communication in Russian? If so, how does it make sense in terms of meaning and grammar? And what could be the context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: @YellowSky suggests that my transcript has to be punctuated as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;X: Ну что, переходим?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Y: Какой &amp;quot;переходим&amp;quot;, красный же.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;X: Ну, я имею в виду, вообще.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Y: Вообще — да.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I remember, however, there were no pauses in those phrases whatsoever. That is, the intonation did not appear to imply any punctuation signs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2020-06-26T13:33:30.803" LastActivityDate="2020-09-19T23:45:57.700" Title="How can I understand this puzzling dialogue with &quot;ну я имею в виду вообще&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22578" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22577" CreationDate="2020-06-26T12:09:14.200" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is as grammatical as might be a conversation between two hillbillies mumbling to each other about going for a beer or two. It is also as natural and does make sense. Consider:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;X: So, are we crossing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Y: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dictionary.com/e/acronyms/tf/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;TF&lt;/a&gt; crossing, don't you see it's red?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;X: Nah I mean, like, eventually.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Y: Eventually yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2020-06-26T12:09:14.200" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22579" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22582" CreationDate="2020-06-26T13:23:35.587" Score="9" ViewCount="787" Body="&lt;p&gt;In his &lt;a href=&quot;https://histdoc.net/history/ru/kieli1900.htm&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Language Manifesto&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; of 1900, Nicholas II of Russia wrote:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вмѣстѣ съ тѣмъ приняты во вниманіе потребности частныхъ лицъ, коимъ и впредь обезпечена возможность обращаться въ правительственныя установяенія на родномъ языкѣ также свободно, какъ они имъ пользуются въ общественной жизни и частномъ быту.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm puzzled by him choosing &lt;strong&gt;также&lt;/strong&gt; instead of &lt;strong&gt;так же&lt;/strong&gt;. I have always thought that the relevant grammar rule is very simple: I should choose &lt;strong&gt;также&lt;/strong&gt; if I want to say &lt;em&gt;also&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;in addition&lt;/em&gt;, whilst I should choose &lt;strong&gt;так же&lt;/strong&gt; if I want to say &lt;em&gt;in a similar manner&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;analogously&lt;/em&gt;. My interpretation of the above excerpt from the manifesto is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the same time, we take into account the needs of private persons, who will continue to be provided with the opportunity to interact with administration bodies in the native language as freely as they use it in public and private life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I am right in my understanding of this excerpt, and if my understanding of the rule to choose between &lt;strong&gt;также&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;так же&lt;/strong&gt; is correct as well, then the above sentence of the manifesto seems to be a perfect case to choose &lt;strong&gt;так же&lt;/strong&gt; and a clearly wrong case to choose &lt;strong&gt;также&lt;/strong&gt;. The choice made by the Tsar has shattered my feeling of certainty about the grammar rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is his choice correct, or was he careless enough to make a grammar mistake in an official decree?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2020-06-26T22:23:39.443" Title="How is the choice made by Nicholas II between &quot;также&quot; and &quot;так же&quot; in his Language Manifesto of 1900 correct?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22580" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22579" CreationDate="2020-06-26T13:59:28.363" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Judging by modern rules, yes, it is a grammatical mistake. (Good spot!) Although I don't think Russian grammar was codified to the same extent in 1900 as it is today.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your translation is quite accurate and so is your understanding of the также / так же rule.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it is a mistake to judge a 1900 document by a 1956 rulebook. ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-06-26T14:11:28.353" LastActivityDate="2020-06-26T14:11:28.353" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22581" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22577" CreationDate="2020-06-26T15:59:16.550" Score="47" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have a very good teacher, Mitsuko, and I'm sure one day you will appreciate what he's doing for you. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dialogue seems to be grossly ungrammatical and to make little sense&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It makes perfect sense to a native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The woman asks whether they shall cross the road (or not).&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The man points out that they can't cross now because the light is red.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;She then clarifies that she doesn't mean &amp;quot;right at this moment&amp;quot; but &amp;quot;in general&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;He replies - yes (we are going to cross this road).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's the way people talk in their everyday life and they do understand each other with no great difficulty.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to &amp;quot;ungrammatical&amp;quot; - the only questionable thing I can see here is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Какой &amp;quot;переходим&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but, well, that's colloquial Russian, that's an &amp;quot;established expression&amp;quot; and you can hardly apply the formal grammatical rules to this register of the language.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;(Note: Some people would say &amp;quot;Како&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;quot;переходим&amp;quot;&amp;quot; instead).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="14712" LastEditDate="2020-06-28T23:18:01.340" LastActivityDate="2020-06-28T23:18:01.340" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22582" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22579" CreationDate="2020-06-26T16:15:10.390" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since on the source site you gave a link to there is a typo or an OCR mistake in the word &lt;em&gt;установ&lt;strong&gt;я&lt;/strong&gt;енія&lt;/em&gt; instead of the correct &lt;em&gt;установ&lt;strong&gt;л&lt;/strong&gt;енія&lt;/em&gt;, I decided to check the original printed version of the manifesto if &lt;em&gt;также&lt;/em&gt; is also a digitizing mistake. I found it in a scan of &amp;quot;Полное собраніе законовъ Россійской Имперіи&amp;quot; and it is really &lt;em&gt;также&lt;/em&gt; there (&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/1X-9jpk9trnSsBE9PpN3pn3FD3Q5Of1l4/view?usp=sharing&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;scan pages&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Также&lt;/em&gt; in that manifesto is definitely a mistake, and we'll never know at which stage it appeared. &lt;em&gt;Также&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;так же&lt;/em&gt; were well differentiated already in the beginning of the 19th century. In his monumental &lt;em&gt;Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian Language&lt;/em&gt; (1863–1866), Vladimir Ivanovich Dal (Dahl) wrote, volume 4, page 354, entry for the word &amp;quot;такъ&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Такъ же&lt;/em&gt;, такимъ же образомъ, способомъ, порядкомъ, одинаково. &lt;em&gt;Задача эта рѣшается такъ же, какъ та.&lt;/em&gt; Пишутъ и &lt;strong&gt;также&lt;/strong&gt;, и это правильно, гдѣ означаетъ: то жъ, то же, (нѣмцк. auch.) &lt;em&gt;И я также пойду, также хочу, и мы также были тамъ.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uBGWS.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/uBGWS.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyhow, it was a mistake to have &lt;em&gt;также&lt;/em&gt; in that sentence of the manifesto, let's blame the corrector who should have noticed it when preparing the document to be officially printed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And finally, have a look at &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B6%D0%B5%2C%20%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%20%D0%B6%D0%B5%2C%20%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%20%D0%B6%D0%B5&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2008&amp;amp;corpus=12&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;share=&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B6%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%20%D0%B6%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%20%D0%B6%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2C%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B6%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%20%D0%B6%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%20%D0%B6%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this Google Ngram chart&lt;/a&gt;. As you can see, during the last 220 years the relative frequency of &lt;em&gt;также&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;так[ъ] же&lt;/em&gt; has not changed which means in the times of Nicolas II the rules for the choice of these two words were the same as now:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Lqf7Z.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/Lqf7Z.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-06-26T16:21:01.933" LastActivityDate="2020-06-26T16:21:01.933" CommentCount="11" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22583" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22579" CreationDate="2020-06-26T22:23:39.443" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;At the time this manifesto was composed, the closest thing to an authority on Russian orthography was Grot's &lt;em&gt;Русское правописание&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It reads (97.7.3):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Для образованiя составныхъ реченiй соединяются еще) … мѣстоименiе или нарѣчiе съ союзомъ, или два союза: &lt;em&gt;тоже&lt;/em&gt; (нарѣч.), &lt;em&gt;однакоже, также&lt;/em&gt;. Но когда выражается сравненiе, то слѣдуетъ писать: &lt;em&gt;такъ же&lt;/em&gt; скоро; &lt;em&gt;такъ же&lt;/em&gt;, какъ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The manifesto's spelling clearly violates this rule of the guide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's in good company. There are lots of texts in the corpus which also violate this rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Еще недѣлю онъ продолжалъ посѣщать насъ также часто, но все также ничего не говорилъ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;– Это ужасно! – также громко отвечал ей кто-то из группы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;По невероятной случайности, тетерев краем левого крыла попал между трех больших пальцев брата, которые он точно также инстинктивно сжал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-06-26T22:23:39.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22584" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20835" CreationDate="2020-06-27T10:09:53.027" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Кто-то мог носить фамилию или прозвище Блока, или взять такой псевдоним. Например, в XIX веке был Поль Брока (Paul Brocha), врач и физиолог.  Поэтому предложение можно интерпретировать четырьмя разными способами:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я считаю, что Пушкин как поэт талантливее, чем Блок.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я ценю Пушкина как поэта выше, чем его ценил Блок.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я считаю, что Пушкин как поэт талантливее, чем некто по фамилии Блока.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я ценю Пушкина как поэта выше, чем его ценил некто по фамилии Блока.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ответ: оба варианта верны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2020-06-27T10:09:53.027" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22585" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20447" CreationDate="2020-06-27T21:14:46.707" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You already have more or less consistent answers for the first sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Except, it is clearly about a &lt;strong&gt;tomcat&lt;/strong&gt; (a male cat) and not a cat in general. In Russian, &amp;quot;кот&amp;quot; means a tomcat, it is &amp;quot;кошка&amp;quot; that may mean either a female cat or a cat of unspecified gender (see ex. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Missing the context, for the second sentence, I would consider the following:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If it was about the snake, it would be &amp;quot;Уж лежит там&amp;quot; (without &amp;quot;Да&amp;quot;). Or even &amp;quot;Уж сидит там&amp;quot; (yes, Russians say &amp;quot;сидит&amp;quot; for presence even for something that cannot sit or stand on feet).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may be (with almost equal probability) either &amp;quot;the cat is already there (at the verandah)&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;The cat is already pretty much OK where he is lying right now, no need to deal with him&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11909" LastActivityDate="2020-06-27T21:14:46.707" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22586" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22577" CreationDate="2020-06-28T06:48:36.940" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The dialogue is grammatical from &lt;em&gt;the linguistic point of view&lt;/em&gt;: this is how many native speakers do speak. It is however not the &lt;em&gt;prescriptive grammar&lt;/em&gt; that one finds in grammar books.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, this is far from the literary Russian or the Russian that Russians learn in school or speak in an educated society (this is why there is some difficulty in punctuating this dialogue). Such highly redundant and somewhat disordered phrasing is referred to as &lt;em&gt;косноязычие&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To summarize: a non-native Russian speaker must be able to understand such language, but not necessarily use it as an example to follow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9788" LastEditorUserId="9788" LastEditDate="2020-06-28T15:42:24.013" LastActivityDate="2020-06-28T15:42:24.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22587" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22518" CreationDate="2020-06-28T11:26:47.990" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется, что нужно в этом названии обойтись без слов «гик», «айтишник», потому что целевая аудитория с этими словами не знакома.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поскольку компьютеры уже являются неотъемлемой частью нашей жизни, необязательно подчеркивать «компьютерность» этого раздела.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теперь посмотрим на пример: &amp;quot;Git для переводчиков&amp;quot;. Что тут имеется в виду? Нестандартное использвание инструмента для работы. Вот в эту сторону было бы неплохо подумать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Штучки» — хорошее слово, хорошо передает смысл stuff. Еще есть более официальное «Решения». Попробуем:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Профессиональные решения&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Решения экспертов&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Советы бывалых&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Хитрые решения&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тех. рецепты / Тех. советы&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4244" LastActivityDate="2020-06-28T11:26:47.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22588" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22589" CreationDate="2020-06-29T06:55:51.483" Score="3" ViewCount="246" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've noticed that verbs that normally take a direct object in Accusative quite often allow for Genitive, instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;исправлять ошибку (Accusative),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы уж, будьте добры, не исправляйте &lt;strong&gt;ошибки&lt;/strong&gt; (Genitive) там, где её нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;любить шутки (Accusative),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не люблю &lt;strong&gt;шуток&lt;/strong&gt; (Genitive).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;наснимать фильмы (Accusative),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Таких фильмов&lt;/strong&gt; (Genitive) вам любой неопытный режиссёр сможет без труда наснимать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any general rule in Russian that regulates cases when direct objects can switch from Accusative to Genitive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2020-06-29T11:37:27.727" Title="&quot;не люблю шутки&quot; vs. &quot;не люблю шуток&quot;" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22589" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22588" CreationDate="2020-06-29T10:55:27.867" Score="6" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any general rule in Russian that regulates cases when direct objects can switch from Accusative to Genitive?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not in a perfectly codified form, not that I know of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal has a whole chapter in his guide, called &lt;em&gt;Падеж дополнения при переходных глаголах с отрицанием&lt;/em&gt; which boils down to these three major cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Родительный падеж, имеющий в рассматриваемой конструкции значение подчеркнутого отрицания.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Винительный падеж, ослабляющий значение отрицания.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Факультативное употребление родительного и винительного падежа при переходном глаголе с отрицанием связано со стилистическим различием: конструкции с родительным падежом характерны для книжной речи, конструкции с винительным падежом — для речи разговорной. Ср.: &lt;em&gt;Я не умаляю чьих-либо заслуг... (Горький). – Так и умрешь, не выговорив это слово (он же).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that they are not prescriptive rules, they are just attempts to capture the patterns emerged in real life usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are some clarifications which I think apply the most to your examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Винительный падеж, ослабляющий значение отрицания, обычно употребляется … при указании на конкретный объект: («именно этот предмет, а не вообще какой-то»): &lt;em&gt;не отрецензировал рукопись, которую ему прислали; не выпила молоко, которое ей оставила мать.&lt;/em&gt; Например: &lt;em&gt;Он не отвергнул тогда с презрением эти сто рублей (Достоевский); Не наклоняй знамя-то… (Горький);&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we treat it as an exception proving the rule, we can assume that abstract (and not concrete) nouns are used with genitive: &lt;em&gt;не исправляйте (эту) ошибку&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;не исправляйте ошибки (которой нет)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there is another rule:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;при совпадении различных, но одинаково звучащих падежных форм для устранения неясности: &lt;em&gt;не читал сегодня газету&lt;/em&gt; (форма &lt;em&gt;газеты&lt;/em&gt; могла бы обозначать множественное число). Например: &lt;em&gt;…Дабы не поощрять в человеке чувство ростовщика (Горький)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which tells us that the accusative is preferred in this case to resolve the ambiguity (which has been alluded to in the comments to the original question).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Родительный падеж … употребляется в следующих случаях: … при глаголах восприятия, мысли, желания, ожидания (&lt;em&gt;видеть, слышать, понимать, думать, знать, хотеть, желать, ожидать&lt;/em&gt; и т.п.), например: &lt;em&gt;Печали в ее словах Самгин не слышал (Горький); Он… деревни не знал (Чехов); Степка проглотил… конфеты и даже не заметил их вкуса (В. Гроссман);&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This I think applies to &lt;em&gt;я не люблю шуток&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your third example is not a negation, but rather an ellipsis: &lt;em&gt;Таких фильмов вам любой неопытный режиссёр сможет без труда наснимать (сколько угодно)&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, this would require a genitive even without &lt;em&gt;таких&lt;/em&gt;, because the verb belongs to the class of verbs with &lt;em&gt;на-&lt;/em&gt; which govern the genitive:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;на-&lt;/em&gt;, глагольная приставка. Переходные глаголы с приставкой &lt;em&gt;на-&lt;/em&gt;, выражающие полноту, количественное обилие в проявлении действия, управляют вин. и род. падежами, например: &lt;em&gt;надарить массу игрушек — надарить игрушек&lt;/em&gt;. Форма род. падежа обычно употребляется, когда указывается распространение действия на неделимое вещество (&lt;em&gt;напустить дыму&lt;/em&gt;) или на значительное количество из возможного множества предметов (&lt;em&gt;накупить книг&lt;/em&gt;), а также если объектом действия является отвлеченное понятие (&lt;em&gt;наделать глупостей&lt;/em&gt;). Название конкретного объекта ставится в форме вин. падежа, например: &lt;em&gt;налить стакан чаю&lt;/em&gt; (ср. &lt;em&gt;налить чаю&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;em&gt;нарвать букет цветов&lt;/em&gt; (ср. &lt;em&gt;нарвать цветов&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-06-29T11:37:27.727" LastActivityDate="2020-06-29T11:37:27.727" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22590" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22527" CreationDate="2020-06-29T13:41:24.443" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This link&lt;/a&gt; to Wiktionary should help you. &lt;strong&gt;Это&lt;/strong&gt; is the neuter form of &lt;strong&gt;этот&lt;/strong&gt; therefore it shares the same declension as the latter with the exception of the nominative and accusative cases, where &lt;strong&gt;это&lt;/strong&gt; is not declined at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11404" LastActivityDate="2020-06-29T13:41:24.443" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22591" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22592" CreationDate="2020-06-30T04:49:55.633" Score="5" ViewCount="990" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was trying to read an online article, and got stuck with this sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этой колонке я собрался поговорить о расизме и недавних выступлениях в США и Европе, а начал – о советской колхозной деревне 1950-х. Вот ведь!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think this sentence means something like &amp;quot;In this column, I'll talk about racism and recent speeches in US and Europe which started in 1950s Soviet collective villages. Here it is!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is, I just can't understand the meaning of &amp;quot;а начал – о советской колхозной деревне 1950-х. Вот ведь!&amp;quot; I've got two main questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What does Вот ведь mean? Ведь means 'as you see', so I guess вот вед should mean something like 'let's see' or 'here it is'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is the subject of this verb начал? Since it is singular, it can't be расизм и недавние выступления. But if the subject is я, then this clause would mean something like &amp;quot;But I began about Soviet collective villages&amp;quot;, which doesn't make that much sense. &amp;quot;But I will begin by talking about Soviet collective villages&amp;quot; sounds natural to me, but I feel like I'm stretching it too far this way. Could someone please explain the composition of this sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12425" LastActivityDate="2020-06-30T16:53:37.317" Title="What does &quot;Вот ведь&quot; mean here?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22592" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22591" CreationDate="2020-06-30T05:19:58.643" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well I am not a linguist but I will try to help you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&amp;quot;Вот ведь&amp;quot; have different meaning than just &amp;quot;ведь&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When Russians say вот ведь in majority of causes it means &amp;quot;Just look what an interesting situation \ outcome&amp;quot;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вот ведь красивый закат!&#xA;What a beautiful sunset! (we have here)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Lets translate that sentence&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;В этой колонке я собрался поговорить о расизме и недавних выступлениях в США и Европе, а начал – о советской колхозной деревне 1950-х. Вот ведь!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this column I was going to talk about racism and recent protests in the USA and Europe, but instead (а) I started (начал) to talk (говорить - here we dismissing that verb, because it was already declared in &amp;quot;я собрался поговорить&amp;quot; ) about the Soviet collective farm village of the 1950s. What an interesting outcome! (Вот ведь!)”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14724" LastEditorUserId="14724" LastEditDate="2020-06-30T10:18:10.373" LastActivityDate="2020-06-30T10:18:10.373" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22593" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22557" CreationDate="2020-06-30T12:48:29.350" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Life sometimes like a zebra: black and white stripes one after another&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; —&#xA;it's one way of saying pretty common idea that &amp;quot;life is up and down&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;«Жизнь как зебра: белая полоса, чёрная полоса, и в конце задница»&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;«Не переживай, скоро и у тебя будет светлая полоса»&lt;/em&gt;, and many other ways of putting «жизнь» and «полоса/полосочка» in one sentence — it's usually related to that metaphor with a zebra, so indeed, &lt;em&gt;«жизнь в полосочку»&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;life is up and down&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one is a pretty interesting wording even for a native speaker.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Небо в клеточку&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; relates to a prison (windows grills), and probably could shrink to just &amp;quot;в клеточку&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I believe &lt;em&gt;«через полосочку в клеточку»&lt;/em&gt; it's combination of two idioms above about a zebra and a prison — &amp;quot;after a next turn in my life, it's going to be very bad&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Someone with an anxiety could say that, or as motto for not to be carefree.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8568" LastEditorUserId="8568" LastEditDate="2020-06-30T12:53:32.677" LastActivityDate="2020-06-30T12:53:32.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22594" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22591" CreationDate="2020-06-30T16:53:37.317" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a shorter version of any of the following expressions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вот ведь &lt;em&gt;(блин)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt;&lt;em&gt;какая /зараза/напасть&lt;/em&gt;/any of the many other mild explications&amp;gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that expression, &amp;quot;вот ведь&amp;quot; is an introduction to the continuation, i.e. &amp;quot;Here, look at this issue&amp;quot;. Given that this is an extremely common expression, all but the introduction words are dropped, and left for the reader/listener to elide. Native speakers mentally reconstitute this into the complete phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is intended to convey surprise, with possible negative connotations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14729" LastActivityDate="2020-06-30T16:53:37.317" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22595" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22596" CreationDate="2020-07-03T06:35:38.013" Score="2" ViewCount="1926" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://rus-ege.sdamgia.ru/problem?id=14867&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Здесь говорится, что в слове &amp;quot;выкосил&amp;quot; проверяемая, а не чередующаяся гласная.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Укажите варианты ответов, в которых во всех словах одного ряда пропущена безударная чередующаяся гласная корня. Запишите номера ответов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;выр..стил, вык..сил (траву), пл..вчиха&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Приведём верное написание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вырастил — ЧГ, выкосил (траву) — ПГ: ко́сит, пловчиха — ЧГ&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но, ведь, корень то &lt;code&gt;кос&lt;/code&gt;, причем после нет &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Было предположение, что проверяемыми гласными могут являться гласные, которые можно проверить, причем гласная в корня должна быть той же; например, слово касаться так не проверить. Однако это предположение опровергается словом изложение, которое можно проверить словом излОженный, но &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus-ege.sdamgia.ru/problem?id=14867&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;там же&lt;/a&gt; говорится, что гласная - чередующаяся, а не проверяемая.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Я не знаю какого-то правила насчет корней с чередованием?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14739" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-07-03T15:49:45.437" LastActivityDate="2020-07-27T05:24:38.760" Title="Почему в слове выкосил проверяемая, а не чередующаяся гласная?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22596" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22595" CreationDate="2020-07-03T07:17:03.450" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;В словах &lt;em&gt;косить&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;касаться&lt;/em&gt; разные корни, В слове &lt;em&gt;косить&lt;/em&gt; корень &lt;em&gt;-кос-&lt;/em&gt; с проверяемой гласной -&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;-, она в нём никогда с -&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;- не чередуется, потому её и можно проверить, поставив под ударение. А в слове &lt;em&gt;касаться&lt;/em&gt; — корень &lt;em&gt;-кос- / -кас-&lt;/em&gt; с чередующейся &lt;strong&gt;о/а&lt;/strong&gt; — перед -а- в нём гласная &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;, а не перед -а- — гласная &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; (к&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;с&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ться - к&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;снуться).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Там же по вашей же первой ссылке само правило-то и написано, «&lt;strong&gt;Правило: Задание 9. Безударные гласные в корнях слов&lt;/strong&gt;», надо там на плюсик в квадратике после этих слов клацнуть, оно и развернётся. И в этом правиле пункт «&lt;strong&gt;8.3.3.Чередование гласных а/о в корне&lt;/strong&gt;», подпункт «&lt;strong&gt;2. Правописание корня зависит от последующей буквы&lt;/strong&gt;» с таблицей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А насчёт слова «изложение» всё вообще просто, там ударением и проверять-то нечего, корень -&lt;strong&gt;лаг&lt;/strong&gt;- чередуется с корнем -&lt;strong&gt;лож&lt;/strong&gt;-, то есть перед &lt;strong&gt;г&lt;/strong&gt; всегда &lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;, а перед &lt;strong&gt;ж&lt;/strong&gt; всегда &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;, и это тоже там, в той же самой таблице написано. Либо &lt;strong&gt;лаг&lt;/strong&gt;, либо &lt;strong&gt;лож&lt;/strong&gt; — нечего и проверять (есть, правда, одно исключение «полог»).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-07-03T07:32:32.863" LastActivityDate="2020-07-03T07:32:32.863" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22597" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-03T16:33:40.543" Score="14" ViewCount="900" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've been given the following task:&#xA;&amp;quot;Let's suppose you have an hourglass that measures 7 minutes and an hourglass that measures 4 minutes, and you need to time 9 minutes by using only these hourglasses.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've already figured out a solution, but that's the easiest part, for the task is not only to find a solution but also to explain it in Russian, and I'm at a loss as to how to express the very first step, which is to start both hourglasses at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Запустить оба песочных часов? Запустить обе песочных часов?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sounds weird and I guess neither of those variants is grammatically correct, for a single hourglass is a plural noun in Russian, whilst the Russian word for &amp;quot;both&amp;quot; requires a singular noun (&lt;em&gt;оба стакана&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;оба стаканов&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But how do I say? Is it only silly me who can't figure out the right endings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to circumvent the problem by using &amp;quot;two&amp;quot; instead of &amp;quot;both&amp;quot;: &lt;em&gt;запустить два песочных часов, запустить две песочных часов&lt;/em&gt;. But it seems I'm getting exactly the same problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also thought about using &amp;quot;couple&amp;quot; instead of &amp;quot;both&amp;quot;: &lt;em&gt;запустить пару песочных часов.&lt;/em&gt; I'm unsure whether this variant is grammatically correct, but even if it is, I think it sounds rather like &amp;quot;start a couple of hourglasses,&amp;quot; whilst we have the two hourglasses, the ones given. I could try to avoid that by saying &lt;em&gt;запустить нашу пару песочных часов&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;запустить эту пару песочных часов&lt;/em&gt;, but I can't get rid of the feeling of weirdness of using the word &amp;quot;couple&amp;quot; and such constructions in this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Desperate, I thought also about &lt;em&gt;запустить все песочные часы&lt;/em&gt;, but there are not many hourglasses, just two, so it's weird again. I guess no native Russian speaker will say &lt;em&gt;запустить все песочные часы&lt;/em&gt; in this situation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My mind is overwhelmed and Russian is hard!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can you help me put my chaotic thoughts in order? Is there any natural way to say &amp;quot;start both hourglasses&amp;quot; in Russian, after all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2020-07-04T05:38:12.567" LastActivityDate="2020-07-23T11:51:09.553" Title="How can I say &quot;start both hourglasses&quot; in Russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22598" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22597" CreationDate="2020-07-03T17:14:38.130" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Переверните и те и другие песочные часы (одновременно).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The numerals два, три, четыре, оба don't play well with plural-only words like часы, весы, брюки, ножницы, сутки. You can easily say &amp;quot;25 суток&amp;quot; but there is no good way of saying the same for 24. These numerals govern genitive &lt;em&gt;singular&lt;/em&gt; which plural-only nouns don't have. The language has partially solved this problem by using collective numerals: двое, трое, четверо суток. But unfortunately there is no collective numeral for 'both' and collective numerals only work in simple cases like 2, 3, 4 but not 22, 23, 24.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Somehow native speakers learn to steer away from these &amp;quot;holes&amp;quot; in the language. There's always a way to say the same thing differently. In your case you can just replace the word &lt;em&gt;оба&lt;/em&gt; with compounds &lt;a href=&quot;https://context.reverso.net/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;и тот и другой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;em&gt;и тот и этот&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-07-08T17:40:57.063" LastActivityDate="2020-07-08T17:40:57.063" CommentCount="19" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22599" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22597" CreationDate="2020-07-04T19:59:35.213" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would imagine you can go for&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Запустите оба прибора&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as it's likely quite possible to understand from the context that you mean hourglasses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14745" LastActivityDate="2020-07-04T19:59:35.213" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22601" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-05T18:00:26.217" Score="4" ViewCount="317" Body="&lt;p&gt;A little granddaughter tells her grandma:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ты ещё нас всех переживёшь (you will survive all of us)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grandma gets offended because she interprets it as a death wish.&#xA;Is this reasonable?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Маленькая внучка говорит бабушке:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ты ещё нас всех переживёшь&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бабушка обижается поскольку считает эту идиому пожеланием смерти.&#xA;Разве нельзя эту фразу понять в положительном ключе?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14748" LastEditorUserId="14748" LastEditDate="2020-07-05T18:43:54.587" LastActivityDate="2020-07-23T13:51:55.697" Title="Can &quot;ты ещё нас всех переживёшь&quot; have a positive connotation?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;&lt;фраза&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22603" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22601" CreationDate="2020-07-05T21:36:22.900" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The correct English translation of &amp;quot;ты &lt;em&gt;ещё&lt;/em&gt; нас всех переживёшь&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;you're &lt;em&gt;still&lt;/em&gt; going to outlive us all&amp;quot;, which is obviously intended to mean &amp;quot;you &lt;em&gt;still&lt;/em&gt; have much potential, much life force, so much that it will suffice for you to live longer than all of us&amp;quot;. However, &lt;em&gt;ещё&lt;/em&gt; is a polysemantic word, apart from its adverbial meanings &amp;quot;still, yet, already, additionally&amp;quot; one of its meanings is &amp;quot;so far&amp;quot; (&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D1%89%D1%91#%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;пока что&lt;/a&gt;, meaning 4) and another (meaning 11) is to show reproach, irony, like in &amp;quot;Ты &lt;em&gt;ещё&lt;/em&gt; скажи, что собаки летать умеют!&amp;quot; Also, it can express concern:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надо позвонить, &lt;em&gt;а то ещё&lt;/em&gt; решат, что мы погибли.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Let me call in, &lt;em&gt;lest&lt;/em&gt; they think we're dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;А то еще&lt;/em&gt; на вопросы отвечать придется…&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Don't want&lt;/em&gt; to answer any questions…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last three meanings and especially the last one can interfere with the correct understanding of &lt;em&gt;ещё&lt;/em&gt; in your phrase, instead of wishing long life the phrase can be understood as the speaker's concern that grandma can outlive them. If the grandma is paranoid enough, she can understand the phrase as &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;so far&lt;/em&gt;, you can outlive us all[, but we'll take measures needed to prevent that]&amp;quot; or as &amp;quot;[don't you try to] outlive us all&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To resolve the ambiguity and make the phrase really inspiring and cheerful, the word &lt;em&gt;ещё&lt;/em&gt; can be just omitted, or moved to another clause or sentence, for example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты ещё много всего успеешь, да ты и нас всех переживёшь, у тебя ещё много хорошего впереди!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="14712" LastEditDate="2020-07-08T05:37:40.537" LastActivityDate="2020-07-08T05:37:40.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22604" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22601" CreationDate="2020-07-06T13:50:53.727" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;To quote a &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;well-known Russian book&lt;/a&gt;: &amp;quot;Я всех вас переживу. Вы не знаете Паниковского. Паниковский вас всех продаст, купит и снова продаст, но уже дороже.&amp;quot; Here &amp;quot;Я всех вас переживу.&amp;quot; (I will outlive all of you.) has the meaning of &amp;quot;I will dance on your grave&amp;quot; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pinterest.com/pin/422423640021222788/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;I will come to your funeral in a red dress.&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The phrase implies a bitter conflict between the interlocutors and that they may rejoice at the death of the other. In the context of the question: the granddaughter essentially implies that the grandma has ill feelings towards the rest of the family and may rejoice when all of them are dead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9788" LastActivityDate="2020-07-06T13:50:53.727" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22605" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22606" CreationDate="2020-07-06T20:45:03.483" Score="0" ViewCount="120" Body="&lt;p&gt;So from what I have learnt so far, нет is pronounced &amp;quot;nyet&amp;quot; and Привет is &amp;quot;privyet&amp;quot;. But in телефон it is &amp;quot;telefon&amp;quot;, why is е used in this case and not э and why is it not pronounced &amp;quot;tyelyefon&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm really new to learning Russian so simpler answers will be much appreciated :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14751" LastActivityDate="2020-07-07T13:11:58.347" Title="Pronunciation of е in different words" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22606" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22605" CreationDate="2020-07-06T21:28:22.237" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;All of the &amp;quot;pronunciations&amp;quot; you quote are just rough renderings of Russian pronunciation using English spelling and are all about equally wrong. Perhaps you should look at the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;IPA&lt;/a&gt; of those words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82#Pronunciation_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;нет&lt;/a&gt; [nʲet]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82#Pronunciation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;привет&lt;/a&gt; [prʲɪˈvʲet]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD#Pronunciation_6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;телефон&lt;/a&gt; [tʲɪlʲɪˈfon]&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The superscript j indicates the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;softness&lt;/a&gt; of the preceding consonant and is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; a separate sound. E.g. these are two distinct words:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;сел [sʲel] (sat)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;съел [sjel] (ate)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to why some e's are pronounced [e] and some [ɪ], those are effects of vowel reduction in unstressed syllables.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-07-07T13:11:58.347" LastActivityDate="2020-07-07T13:11:58.347" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22608" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1993" CreationDate="2020-07-07T18:23:45.567" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would it be accurate to say that 'ы' is basically a short i, &amp;amp; 'и' is a long i/ee sound &amp;amp; would 'сыти' be a reasonable transliteration for 'city'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way this would qualify as an answer if Stepan's comment &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/2000/14754&quot;&gt;above&lt;/a&gt; is correct. I added an answer because I don't have enough reputation to comment but wanted to clarify the difference between sounds.&#xA;[EDIT]&#xA;according to &lt;a href=&quot;http://russlandjournal.de/en/learn-russian/russian-alphabet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this&lt;/a&gt; site, 'ы' sounds like sort of a 'ui' sound. вы would be sort of like 'vwee'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14754" LastEditorUserId="14754" LastEditDate="2020-07-11T00:33:18.377" LastActivityDate="2020-07-11T00:33:18.377" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22609" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22610" CreationDate="2020-07-08T17:20:28.117" Score="2" ViewCount="167" Body="&lt;p&gt;How would one say &amp;quot;The difference between [object A] and [object B] is...&amp;quot; in Russian? For instance, I might want to ask &amp;quot;Do you know the difference between chinos and jeans?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A quick google translate gives разница между&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I thought that между was only used when describing where objects were situated spatially, but I also don't know much of the language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this even a natural way to speak in Russian? Or would it depend on the situation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14756" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-07-08T17:25:47.767" LastActivityDate="2020-07-08T21:54:17.787" Title="How to say the difference between two things" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;граматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22610" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22609" CreationDate="2020-07-08T17:30:29.627" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Разница между&amp;quot; you've googled, like in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты [вот]/[хоть] знаешь, в чем разница между джинсами и чинос?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is completely correct and definitely is a way to go. Apart from that one can just say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты знаешь, чем отличаются джинсы от чинос?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or even (slightly ungrammatical but de-facto existing):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты знаешь, чем отличаются джинсы и чинос?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-07-08T21:54:17.787" LastActivityDate="2020-07-08T21:54:17.787" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22611" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-09T18:16:40.963" Score="11" ViewCount="2792" Body="&lt;p&gt;I got an assignment to translate the &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=qncE3wy3TTsC&amp;amp;pg=PA386&amp;amp;lpg=PA386&amp;amp;dq=But%20nothing%20in%20Voroshilov%27s%20carefully%20chosen%20words%20or%20courteous%20demeanor%20suggested%20the%20feverish%20activity%20in%20Berlin%20and%20Moscow&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=hStMesyBr3&amp;amp;sig=ACfU3U2z6ESkU0mLob8YLssZfQveMBeBVg&amp;amp;hl=uk&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwiz0p399MDqAhWvw6YKHbHkD-EQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=But%20nothing%20in%20Voroshilov%27s%20carefully%20chosen%20words%20or%20courteous%20demeanor%20suggested%20the%20feverish%20activity%20in%20Berlin%20and%20Moscow&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;following text&lt;/a&gt; into Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But nothing in Voroshilov's carefully chosen words or courteous demeanor suggested the feverish activity in Berlin and Moscow that was turning the military conference into an empty &lt;em&gt;tableau vivant&lt;/em&gt;. On the contrary, Voroshilov was bland but insistent. He patiently explained that while he had full powers to conclude an agreement, there could be none unless the Poles agreed that he could engage the invader through Poland. He was never to get what he wanted or, at least, what he said he wanted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I got stuck with the last sentence. My mind just can't come up with anything good enough to meet the &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/20449&quot;&gt;standards&lt;/a&gt; of my teacher, with the main difficulty being to say &amp;quot;what he said he wanted.&amp;quot; What comes to mind is as clumsy and awful as this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ему было суждено никогда не получить то, что он хотел или, по крайней мере, что он, по его словам, хотел.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see no way of expressing &amp;quot;what he said he wanted&amp;quot; without resorting to introductory clauses like &lt;strong&gt;по его словам&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;как он говорил&lt;/strong&gt;, but such clauses are perceived as an omittable clarification and thus don't seem to be a good fit here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a separate issue, I'm unsure how to best express &amp;quot;he was never to get&amp;quot; in Russian in this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How would native Russian speakers translate that sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: I just did research to understand the context, and it turns out that the context helps understand the true meaning of the last sentence. I just posted an &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/22621/11775&quot;&gt;answer&lt;/a&gt; below with my current translation of the entire excerpt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-07-11T16:06:54.953" LastActivityDate="2020-07-13T00:40:36.900" Title="How to elegantly say in Russian, &quot;He was never to get what he wanted or, at least, what he said he wanted.&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="9" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22612" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22611" CreationDate="2020-07-09T19:46:12.193" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ему было ни за что не получить того, что он хотел — хотел, по его словам.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The author suggests that Voroshilov realized that his demands were unrealistic, so I think &lt;em&gt;суждено&lt;/em&gt; is a worse choice here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Суждено&lt;/em&gt; implies blind forces of nature, not something decided by people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A better word choice would probably be &lt;em&gt;ему не светило&lt;/em&gt;, but I would not sure this would be appropriate for a text like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My attempt, with all the ideas gathered from the comments and other answers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но ничто в Ворошилове — ни тщательный подбор слов, ни обходительное поведение — не выдавало кипучей деятельности Берлина и Москвы, превращавшей военные переговоры в пустой спектакль &amp;quot;живые картины&amp;quot;. Напротив, Ворошилов был сух, но настойчив. Он терпеливо пояснял, что хотя он и уполномочен заключить соглашение, его не будет без согласия поляков на проход его войск через Польшу для дачи отпора захватчику. А того, что он желал — желал на словах — ему было не получить ни за что.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here's the version which is my interpretation of author's intent (it is not a translation)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кипучая деятельность, которую тем временем вели в Берлине и Москве, превращала военные переговоры в пустой фарс. Однако ничто ни в обходительном поведении Ворошилова, ни в тщательно подбираемых им словах не указывало на это. На переговорах Ворошилов вёл себя сухо, но настойчиво. Он терпеливо пояснял, что полномочия заключить соглашение у него есть, но этого не случится, пока не будет выполнено то, что — по крайней мере, на словах — было его желанием: заручиться согласием поляков на то, чтобы советские войска могли дать захватчику бой, пройдя через Польшу. А согласия этого ему было не получить ни за что.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not really sure what the author meant by &amp;quot;Tableau vivant&amp;quot; so I decided to go with &lt;em&gt;фарс&lt;/em&gt; — &amp;quot;a token effort to give an appearance&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-07-12T18:30:27.353" LastActivityDate="2020-07-12T18:30:27.353" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22613" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22611" CreationDate="2020-07-09T20:57:30.190" Score="9" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ему было ни за что не получить того, чего он хотел, или, по крайней мере, чего он хотел на словах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I agree with @Quassnoi, &lt;em&gt;суждено&lt;/em&gt; is too deterministic, it is not needed here. But I'd change your &lt;em&gt;то, что&lt;/em&gt; &amp;gt;&amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;того, чего&lt;/em&gt; and the next &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt; &amp;gt;&amp;gt; &lt;em&gt;чего&lt;/em&gt;, too. &lt;em&gt;Tого&lt;/em&gt; is the Genitive case after a negated verb, and &lt;em&gt;чего&lt;/em&gt; is because this way it will resolve the possible ambiguity between &lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt; as a conjunction and as a pronoun, since &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;что&lt;/em&gt; он хотел&amp;quot; is both &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt; he wanted&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;what&lt;/em&gt; he wanted&amp;quot;, while &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://processing.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=i_grtagging&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;startyear=1923&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;req=%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%BE%D0%BD%20%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&amp;amp;api=1.0&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;endyear=1943&amp;amp;p=6&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;чего он хотел&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; is only &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;what&lt;/em&gt; he wanted&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;На словах&lt;/em&gt; is a part of the idiom &lt;em&gt;на словах и на деле&lt;/em&gt;, &amp;quot;in word and [in] deed&amp;quot;. Using this phrase we both sound more idiomatic and avoid additional commas. The missing part of the idiom suggests that in deed, in fact, Voroshilov wanted something more than just crossing Poland to engage the German troops.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2020-07-09T20:57:30.190" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22614" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22611" CreationDate="2020-07-09T23:10:23.797" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sentence in question implies that Voroshilov's requirements might not have been what he really wanted. I can think of a few ways to render this in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Он так и не получил желаемого - точнее, требуемого.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Его желания так и остались без удовлетворения - точнее, его требования.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;#2 is a bit more formal and better matches the style of the text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-07-09T23:10:23.797" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22616" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22611" CreationDate="2020-07-10T09:26:01.500" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ему было никогда не получить желаемого или того, что он за оное выдавал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14761" LastActivityDate="2020-07-10T09:26:01.500" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22617" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22611" CreationDate="2020-07-10T09:49:53.537" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;He was never to get what he wanted or, at least, what he said he wanted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Его желанию или, по крайней мере, словам не суждено было сбыться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-07-10T09:49:53.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22618" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22611" CreationDate="2020-07-10T11:48:53.267" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I native speaker I'd probably say something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Ему не дано было получить то, чего он хотел, или, по крайней мере, говорил, что хотел.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't like replacing &amp;quot;he said&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;по его словам&amp;quot;, I think it changes the meaning of the sentence. &amp;quot;По его словам&amp;quot; carries the implication that it's just words, which might not be what the author intended. I also feel that &amp;quot;не дано&amp;quot; is a better fit as it's much more neutral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14763" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2020-07-12T18:43:52.040" LastActivityDate="2020-07-12T18:43:52.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22619" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22620" CreationDate="2020-07-10T13:52:16.113" Score="3" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;p&gt;Пусть неправильно по грамматике, но, если хочешь узнать где-то время, то нормально ли спросить &amp;quot;сколько время&amp;quot;? Меня не столько волнует граммотность, сколько естественно ли это звучит в повседневной речи. Может это какой-то региональный сленг?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Заранее спасибо за помощь!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6821" LastActivityDate="2020-07-10T15:51:35.250" Title="Нормально ли спросить &quot;сколько время&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22620" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22619" CreationDate="2020-07-10T15:05:25.857" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нормально ли спросить &amp;quot;сколько время&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If by &amp;quot;normal&amp;quot; you mean &amp;quot;are there people who see nothing wrong with this construct&amp;quot;, then yes, there are lots of people who talk like that and see nothing wrong with this construct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not uncommon to hear this phrase in live speech, and it's being mentioned in the corpus as early as 1866, in a direct speech of one of Leskov's characters.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The use of this phrase is, however, discouraged by most style guides. This phrase would not make it through proofreading and copy-editing pipeline of most media which do proofreading and copy-editing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;People, who are taking their clues about grammar mostly from printed media, would treat this phrase as a solecism, &amp;quot;a phrase that transgresses the rules of grammar&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Может это какой-то региональный сленг&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I can judge, it's not, it's used all over Russia and other Russian-speaking territories.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Nizhny Novgorod and its vicinity, the answer to that could be &lt;em&gt;без пять десять&lt;/em&gt; (instead of &lt;em&gt;без пяти десять&lt;/em&gt;) which is a regionalism.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-07-10T15:51:35.250" LastActivityDate="2020-07-10T15:51:35.250" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22621" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22611" CreationDate="2020-07-10T15:24:18.143" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I just did some research to understand the context, and it turns out that the context helps understand the true meaning of the last sentence. A couple of pages before the page the excerpt is taken from, the author quotes Stalin as saying to the Politburo:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We must accept the German offer and send the French-British mission, with a courteous rejection, back home. I repeat that it is in your interest that if war breaks out between the Reich and the Anglo-French bloc, it is essential for us that the war should last as long as possible, so both sides exhaust one another. One these grounds we must accept the pact offered by Germany and once war is declared work for its lasting as long as possible. In the meantime, we must continue our political work in the warring countries so that we will be well prepared when the war comes to an end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;A courteous rejection,&amp;quot; as Stalin put it, of the French-British mission may thus have been what Voroshilov really wanted. He didn't get what he asked for, but he did succeed in deadlocking the negotiations, and that may have been his true goal in those negotiations. So the author implies that Voroshilov may have gotten precisely what he actually wanted!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's pretty devilish of Stalin and Voroshilov - as well as of my teacher, who gave me such an assignment with such a trap. One of the commentators here even walked straight into it by offering the following translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ему никогда не было суждено получить то, что он хотел, не говоря уж от том, чтобы требовать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, a correct translation must make the same implication as the original sentence does, and I just constructed the following variant by using ideas by @Quassnoi, @SergeySlepov, and @user14761:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ему было так и не добиться желаемого - точнее, того, что он за него выдавал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Точнее&lt;/strong&gt; isn't precisely equal to &lt;em&gt;at least&lt;/em&gt;, but makes the same implication in the context, I guess.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As @tum_ asked in a comment, I'm posting here my current translation of the entire excerpt:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но в тщательно подбираемых Ворошиловым словах и его обходительном поведении ничто не указывало на лихорадочную активность в Берлине и Москве, превращавшую эту конференцию военных в бессмысленную пантомиму. Напротив, Ворошилов был мягок, но настойчив. Он терпеливо объяснял, что, несмотря на имеющиеся у него полномочия заключить соглашение, оно не будет достигнуто, пока поляки не согласятся на возможность его прохода через Польшу для сражения с захватчиком. Ему было так и не добиться желаемого - точнее, того, что он за него выдавал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My teacher is very harsh and will deduct points for any inaccuracy or unnaturalness, so I cannot but humbly hope that my translation is more or less up to his standards and that he will finally be pleased.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2020-07-10T15:40:19.607" LastActivityDate="2020-07-10T15:40:19.607" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22622" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19723" CreationDate="2020-07-10T19:56:43.480" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;From my personal experience (as russian from Kazahstan) the meaning beheid the word &amp;quot;чурка&amp;quot; is being stupid/dumb/slow. People from soviet asia (geographically) were often from country side, had less education and often had troubles speaking or even understanding russian language und thus in the eyes of russians they seem dump/stupid. We have a saying &amp;quot;тупой как чурка&amp;quot; (dumb as a pice of firewood), so russians start using the word  &amp;quot;чурка&amp;quot; (firewood) against people from soviet asia. Also the word &amp;quot;чурка&amp;quot; have meaning of being rude (people who barely speek the laguage often seem rude to native speakers)&#xA;As anecdoral evidence, I myself use the word &amp;quot;чурка&amp;quot; against asian (geographically) rednecks and against russian rednecks a word &amp;quot;быдло&amp;quot; which means cattle (in the same meaning of being dumb, rude and thus non-human).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14768" LastEditorUserId="14768" LastEditDate="2020-07-10T20:24:10.890" LastActivityDate="2020-07-10T20:24:10.890" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22623" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22611" CreationDate="2020-07-11T10:14:25.197" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strike&gt;The best art in translation is the art of omission. Even if it's not the most precise, but it's the shortest one, I think:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но он так и не добился ни того чего хотел, ни того о чём просил.&#xA;&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So then it should be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но он так и не добился того чего хотел, а вернее, того о чём просил.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastEditorUserId="5008" LastEditDate="2020-07-11T10:40:49.110" LastActivityDate="2020-07-11T10:40:49.110" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22624" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22627" CreationDate="2020-07-12T10:01:17.697" Score="2" ViewCount="207" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my Russian textbook I came across this example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;я помогу Татьяне написать письмо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is помогу used with the perfective infinitive? I was expecting an imperfective verb, because &amp;quot;writing&amp;quot; is a process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12834" LastActivityDate="2020-07-13T15:06:22.830" Title="Я помогу + написать or писать?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22625" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22624" CreationDate="2020-07-12T10:59:43.023" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It means &amp;quot;I'm going to help Tatyana to have the letter written&amp;quot; or just &amp;quot;to write the letter&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;You can't use words of one language for your assumptions regarding another language. &amp;quot;Writing&amp;quot; is a process, yes, but there is no word &amp;quot;writing&amp;quot; in the Russian sentence.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6097" LastActivityDate="2020-07-12T10:59:43.023" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22626" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22624" CreationDate="2020-07-12T13:00:43.900" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider following pairs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я помогу Татьяне писать письма&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я помогу Татьяне написать письмо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In first case it's about helping Tatyana to write letters in general - like (let's just imagine) she is exhausted to do it on her own.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some other pairs to give you idea:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я помогу тебе делать домашние задания.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я помогу тебе сделать домашнее задание.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я покажу тебе как проходить компьютерные игры.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я покажу тебе как пройти эту компьютерную игру.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second sentence is about writing this particular letter. It's just the way the language functions and - like many, many times throughout answering at this Stack - I advise you from relying heavily on any grammar aspects but rather just memorising what and when is used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-07-12T13:00:43.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22627" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22624" CreationDate="2020-07-12T13:17:12.087" Score="8" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I was expecting an imperfective verb, because &amp;quot;writing&amp;quot; is a process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perfective verbs are about state transition and imperfective verbs are about state.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually (usually) the state implies some process, and the state transition implies the start or the end of this process, but it's not always the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я помогу Татьяне писать письмо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would mean&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will help Tatiana to stay in her &amp;quot;letter is being written&amp;quot; mode.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The state here is &amp;quot;the letter is being written&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is something you would say, for instance, when the letter is 50 pages long and it takes more than one day to write it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You don't necessarily mean that the letter will be finished after you're done helping. What you're saying is that you'll see to it that she has everything she needs to keep pushing towards the end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я помогу Татьяне написать письмо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would mean&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will help Tatiana to get from the world where the letter is not done to the world where the letter is done.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The state transition happens when she has dotted all her i's and crossed all her t's and the letter is ready to be sealed and mailed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are saying that you'll see to it that Tatiana has everything she needs to make this transition happen and you will keep helping her until it really happens.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-07-13T15:06:22.830" LastActivityDate="2020-07-13T15:06:22.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22628" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22611" CreationDate="2020-07-12T13:34:24.553" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native russian I'd translate this into&#xA;&amp;quot;Ему не дано было получить того, что он хотел или, по крайней мере, называл своим желанием.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here he-was-never-to-get means &lt;em&gt;exactly&lt;/em&gt; ему &lt;strong&gt;было не дано&lt;/strong&gt; (or almost the same - ему было не суждено, the latter is more about faith). There are no any doubts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;At least&amp;quot; - is very good as isolated &lt;strong&gt;по крайней мере&lt;/strong&gt; (or more informal &amp;quot;во всяком случае&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;what he said he wanted&amp;quot; usually is not translated literally (что он говорил, что хочет/желает), because it's too complex to sound in russian as isolated expression with commas and sounds bad stylistically. But &amp;quot;что он требовал&amp;quot; is also inappropriate bcs it has a tone of claim/require while original means to just ask for what is wanted/wished. &amp;quot;требовал&amp;quot; means claimed/required (sometimes ordered).&#xA;I suppose the initial meaning is &amp;quot;he announced/designated what he wanted&amp;quot; or in short &amp;quot;he announced/designated his wishes&amp;quot; what can be translated literally as &lt;strong&gt;он называл своим желанием&lt;/strong&gt;. And this variant would be stylistically and semantically correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note that suggestion above to use &lt;strong&gt;чего&lt;/strong&gt; in subordinate clause is totally incorrect bcs it &lt;em&gt;must&lt;/em&gt; be a pronoun used in Accusative inside subordinate. But main word to which such pronoun is targeting can be in either Accusative or Genitive (for negative predicate Genitive is possible and usually preferred).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14776" LastEditorUserId="14776" LastEditDate="2020-07-13T00:40:36.900" LastActivityDate="2020-07-13T00:40:36.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22629" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15982" CreationDate="2020-07-13T06:41:21.177" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Hopefully, this will be helpful, I haven't studied the Russian Language for at least 45 years or so. But I found this on another page:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.clozemaster.com/blog/russian-genitive-case/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.clozemaster.com/blog/russian-genitive-case/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, Russian doesn’t like us to keep us too comfortable, so some of these partitive genitives have different forms than their normal run-of-the-mill genitives. These genitive forms are used with verbs, receptacles and indefinite numerals.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Nominative  Genitive singular (normal)  Partitive genitive  Translation  &#xA;лук         лука                        луку                onion  &#xA;сахар       сахара                      сахару              sugar  &#xA;чай         чая                         чаю                 tea  &#xA;суп         супа                        супу                soup  &#xA;табак       табака                      табаку              tobacco&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This happens largely with masculine nouns ending in consonants.&#xA;Have fun with that!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14777" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2020-07-13T09:04:06.797" LastActivityDate="2020-07-13T09:04:06.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22630" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-15T04:59:36.883" Score="5" ViewCount="358" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to know if it is acceptable to use вести/водить as follows, when emphasising who is/was driving :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;На прошлой неделе мы ездили в Москву, и я водил туда и обратно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;На прошлой неделе мы ездили в Москву. Я вёл туда и моя подруга вела обратно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, would it be better to use за рулём?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14788" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-07-15T14:56:09.467" LastActivityDate="2020-07-16T05:23:04.067" Title="Using вести/водить when talking about driving" Tags="&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22631" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22630" CreationDate="2020-07-15T06:21:50.913" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;1.На прошлой неделе мы ездили в Москву, и я водил туда и обратно.&#xA;The sentence is incorrect. That was not a repeated action, so водил cannot be used. It was one completed trip and the movement is not multidirectional, not туда-сюда, first туда, then обратно.&#xA;На прошлой неделе мы ездили в Москву, и я вёл машину и туда, и обратно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2.На прошлой неделе мы ездили в Москву. Я вёл туда и моя подруга вела обратно.&#xA;This sentence is grammatically correct. I would just insert the object машину and avoid repetition.&#xA;Я вел машину туда, а моя подруга обратно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, would it be better to use за рулём?&#xA;You cannot say вести за рулем, Only быть за рулём.&#xA;По дороге туда за рулем был я, а обратно — моя подруга.&#xA;Those are just possible alternatives.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2020-07-16T05:23:04.067" LastActivityDate="2020-07-16T05:23:04.067" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22632" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22630" CreationDate="2020-07-15T08:36:58.083" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's how you might say it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я вёл [машину] туда, а моя подруга - обратно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я был за рулём по пути туда, а моя подруга - обратно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Things to note:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;'Водил' would be incorrect in this case as it's a multidirectional verb. A delivery man might say to his partner: Вчера водил я, а сегодня будешь ты. ('I drove yesterday, and today you will drive.') 'Водил' would be correct here as they drove in different directions.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Best to use the conjunction is 'а' (not 'и') since you are comparing two things.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;No need to say 'вела' - it is more natural to skip it and write a dash instead. This is called ellipsis.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-07-15T08:46:01.067" LastActivityDate="2020-07-15T08:46:01.067" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22633" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22634" CreationDate="2020-07-15T14:58:27.277" Score="3" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to say,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Almost all of the weeds are in bloom.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which, in English, can also be stated (improperly?) as,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Almost all the weeds are in bloom.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far is that correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think these two would translate as,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Почти все сорняков (pl. gen.) в цвету.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Почти все сорняки (pl. nom.) в цвету.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question might originate in which is proper to say in English, but also - for the essence of the idea - which is proper to say in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The issue being expressed in the title....&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This was close, but still did not clarify my question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/11301/6545&quot;&gt;In &amp;quot;Я скажу тебе всё позднее.&amp;quot;, what is the grammatical form of всё?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I think&lt;/strong&gt; все here in my question is also a pronoun, not an adjective.... correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastActivityDate="2020-07-15T19:33:46.433" Title="'all of the' vs 'all the' : using весь" Tags="&lt;pronouns&gt;&lt;genitive-partitive&gt;&lt;possessive-pronoun&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22634" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22633" CreationDate="2020-07-15T15:43:57.003" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can say either:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почти все из сорняков в цвету&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почти все сорняки в цвету&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those are quite close in meaning, but the former can clarify the meaning when the noun is uncountable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Весь персонал я знаю лично // I know all the staff personally&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, &lt;em&gt;персонал&lt;/em&gt; is a synecdoche for &amp;quot;any single person of the staff&amp;quot;, because you cannot know groups of people personally.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Весь персонал весит менее 200 килограмм // All the staff weigh(s) less than 200 kg&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an ambiguous sentence: is &lt;em&gt;персонал&lt;/em&gt; a synecdoche for &amp;quot;any single person of the staff&amp;quot; or a literal description for &amp;quot;all of the staff together&amp;quot;? Can we put all the staff into the passenger elevator or should we use the freight one?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Все из персонала весят менее 200 килограмм // All of the staff weigh less than 200 kg&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We'd better wait for the freight one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can use it even with the countable nouns (like in your example), in which case it means you're talking about smaller classes rather than individual units of the class:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почти все сорняки (&lt;em&gt;900 особей из 1000&lt;/em&gt;) сейчас в цвету.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почти все из сорняков (&lt;em&gt;василёк, полынь, дурман, но не ромашка&lt;/em&gt;) сейчас в цвету.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-07-15T19:33:46.433" LastActivityDate="2020-07-15T19:33:46.433" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22635" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-16T12:18:37.930" Score="5" ViewCount="336" Body="&lt;p&gt;Прочитав &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/biblio/readingroom/rules/139-prop&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Правила русской орфографии и пунктуации (1956 г.)&lt;/a&gt; п.96-99, я так и не смог понять, следует ли писать с заглавной буквы выдуманные автором названия существ или рас. Например, если взять зергов из игры Warhammer, то по-русски они должны быть Зерги или зерги? Я склоняюсь к написанию с прописной буквы, но не уверен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14793" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-07-30T20:10:26.087" LastActivityDate="2021-01-21T23:50:06.957" Title="С заглавной ли буквы пишутся названия вымышленных существ?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22636" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14927" CreationDate="2020-07-16T13:20:33.517" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;У меня есть версия, что это слово, не что иное как немного исковерканное русское выражение &amp;quot;Боже ты мой!&amp;quot;. Оно   почти так и звучит на слух если произносить очень быстро, или если оно произносится иностранцем. Так как время написания песни совпадает с визитом UB40, можно предположить что Виктор услышал как это выражение было произнесено кем-то из этой группы, и он взял это на заметку чтобы использовать в своей будущей песне. Более того, это выражение очень подходит по смыслу к самой песни, так как в ней поется о сумасшествие в нашем обществе...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;SAME in ENGLISH:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have an alternative version of the word's meaning. In my humble opinion, it sounds almost exactly like a Russian expression &amp;quot;Oh My God!&amp;quot; (Bozhe ti Moy!).  If you say it very quickly, it sounds very similar, if not exactly, like that. It is just slightly distorted. On top of that, if it is pronounced by a foreigner, who does not speak Russian, it will be sounding exactly like that. Since creation of the song coinsides with the visit of UB40, it is possible that Victor heard the expression being pronounced by someone from the band and took a note of it to incorporate into his song. By the way, the expression fits quite well in the context of the song because it is about our crazy societal problems...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14794" LastEditorUserId="14842" LastEditDate="2020-07-28T14:52:34.577" LastActivityDate="2020-07-28T14:52:34.577" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-07-17T02:34:51.907" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22637" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22635" CreationDate="2020-07-16T16:51:31.123" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, answering your direct question: I personally think that yes, you should spell &lt;em&gt;зерги&lt;/em&gt; with the lowercase, by analogy with the names of Earth animals, nations and races: &lt;em&gt;волки, овцы; китайцы, русские; негры, индейцы&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The problem with applying this rule book is deciding whether or not we subscribe to the unwritten assumption that the rule set it provides is exhaustive, and everything which is not explicitly covered by this chapter is by default lowercase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we do subscribe to this point of view, then the names of animals and races are not covered by any rule in this chapter, and we should write it in lowercase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This point of view, though, contradicts the real usage in lots of edge cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, biological family names start with lowercase when used in genitive: &lt;em&gt;волк — представитель семейства псовых&lt;/em&gt;. But the usage varies when talking about the name of the family: &lt;em&gt;семейство Псовые / псовые, к которому принадлежит волк&lt;/em&gt;. You can see both variants in actual usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would not go so far as to claim the variant with the capital is wrong just because it's not covered by this rule book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If we don't subscribe to this point of view, then the answer is &amp;quot;we don't know, we should seek advice elsewhere&amp;quot;, because fictional races are not explicitly covered by the rule book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But again, real-world races and nations are a very strong analogy, and they are written with the lowercase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-07-16T18:17:20.107" LastActivityDate="2020-07-16T18:17:20.107" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22638" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-18T10:49:03.580" Score="3" ViewCount="375" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently shot through Manstein's &lt;a href=&quot;https://archive.org/details/ErichVonMansteinLostVictories/mode/2up&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lost Victories&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in its English translation and later accidentally learned that the Russian translation of that book is titled &lt;a href=&quot;http://militera.lib.ru/memo/german/manstein/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Утерянные победы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. As a learner of the Russian language, I'm appaled by such an apparently awful translation of the title and feel that my Russian teacher would definitely deduct points for such a choice. It seems to me that &lt;em&gt;упущенные победы&lt;/em&gt; sounds much more natural in Russian. Как можно победы потерять или утерять? Их можно упустить. I made a cursory search in Google to compare the usage frequencies of &lt;em&gt;утерянные победы&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;упущенные победы&lt;/em&gt;, excluding results containing Manstein's surname, and my impression is that &lt;em&gt;упущенные победы&lt;/em&gt; is used much more often.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question: Is &lt;em&gt;Утерянные победы&lt;/em&gt; a good translation of the title? Can the title be translated into Russian better than that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original German title is &lt;em&gt;Verlorene Siege&lt;/em&gt;. The word &lt;em&gt;Siege&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;victories&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;verlorene&lt;/em&gt; is the plural participle of &lt;em&gt;verlieren&lt;/em&gt;, a German verb whose main meaning is &lt;em&gt;to lose&lt;/em&gt; or, as a dictionary puts it, &lt;em&gt;(etwas, was einem gehört, was man hat und auch behalten will) aus Unachtsamkeit oder aufgrund widriger Umstände unwillentlich aufgeben&lt;/em&gt;. That is, you have something and want to retain it, but lose it a result of unattentiveness or adverse circumstances  - that's &lt;em&gt;verlieren&lt;/em&gt;. The idea of the book is that the Germans could have won many victories, but you know what happened - and Manstein's view is that it was due to errors by made the German themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: I &lt;a href=&quot;https://german.stackexchange.com/q/59382&quot;&gt;asked&lt;/a&gt; on German SE what the precise meaning of the title is, and received 3 answers so far. In short, the title is ambiguous. Without the context, it sounds rather like &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Victories that were won in vain, with their spoils being later lost as a result of subsequent defeats&lt;/em&gt;,&amp;quot; but, as @PaulFrost &lt;a href=&quot;https://german.stackexchange.com/a/59387/38834&quot;&gt;writes&lt;/a&gt;, if you read the book, you'll see that the correct interpretation is &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Victories that could have been won, but were let to slip away as a result of mistakes.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; Importantly, &lt;em&gt;Verlorene Siege&lt;/em&gt; sounds like an oxymoron and thereby makes a catchy title.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-07-23T14:50:55.020" LastActivityDate="2020-10-15T14:38:48.043" Title="Is &quot;Утерянные победы&quot; really a good translation of the title of Manstein's book &quot;Verlorene Siege&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;german&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22639" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22638" CreationDate="2020-07-18T11:54:41.263" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, the main purpose of the title of a book, at least according to the publishers, is to sell it. That's why brilliantly translated books can have titles having nothing in common with the original.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, you're not alone. Here's a quote from the preface to one of Russian publications, by the way titled &lt;em&gt;Напрасные победы&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако несколько слов о названии: дело в том, что на русский язык оно сначала было переведено как «Утраченные победы» (издание 1999 в Ростове-на-Дону), затем следующие издания в других издательствах выходили под названием «Утерянные победы», а в различных статьях также проскакивал вариант перевода «Потерянные победы». Однако, если перевод слова Siege (победы) сомнений не вызывает, термин Verlorene, по моему мнению, должен переводиться по-другому. В немецком языке он имеет три основных значения «потерянный; напрасный; проигранный». Так вот: победу в общем-то нельзя потерять (утратить, утерять), можно лишь не реализовать ее результаты, в связи с чем распространенное русское название (в соответствии с первым значением слова Verlorene) представляется неудачным. Можно предположить, что Манштейн использовал в заглавии последнее значение слова, создавая тем самым парадоксальное, и тем самым привлекательное для читателя, публицистичное словосочетание «Проигранные победы», как и назвали книгу, выпущенную издательством «Центрполиграф» в 2008 г. Но это звучит слишком не по-русски, тем более что победа – не сражение, и ее опять-таки нельзя проиграть. В связи со всем вышеизложенным в данном издании предлагается использовать новый вариант название «Напрасные победы», что полностью отражает и содержание, и главную идею мемуаров Манштейна: им были достигнуты выдающиеся победы, результатами которых Гитлер не воспользовался.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't speak German, but my understanding is that the original title used a word meaning not just &amp;quot;lost&amp;quot;, but &amp;quot;lost in vain&amp;quot;, and, like English &amp;quot;to lose&amp;quot;, sharing the meanings of &lt;em&gt;потерять&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;lose (a wallet)&amp;quot; and &lt;em&gt;проиграть&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;lose (a game)&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think I have a good translation for this word, but you can't really sell a book named &lt;em&gt;Проёбанные победы&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-07-18T13:32:10.010" LastActivityDate="2020-07-18T13:32:10.010" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22640" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22638" CreationDate="2020-07-18T12:17:55.357" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The idea of the book is that if Hitler hadn't interfered with his maniacal idiosyncratic plans and the Russians hadn't been that chaotic with their lack of strategic planning and organization, those victories wouldn't have been lost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Утерянные победы&lt;/em&gt; sounds rather weird in Russian reminding of &lt;em&gt;утерянные вещи&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;утерянные документы&lt;/em&gt; which is a way to say that some material things are lost, while a victory ins't that material. &lt;em&gt;Упущенные победы&lt;/em&gt; sounds like &lt;em&gt;упущенные возможности, упущенный шанс&lt;/em&gt; which is '&lt;em&gt;wasted&lt;/em&gt; opportunity', 'a chance one &lt;em&gt;let&lt;/em&gt; slip', and puts the responsibility on the person who wasted it, let it slip, that is on the author himself, while the book is far from being a repentance or contrition confession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would translate it as &lt;em&gt;Утраченные победы&lt;/em&gt; since &lt;em&gt;утраченный&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;verloren&lt;/em&gt; in German and &lt;em&gt;lost&lt;/em&gt; in English. &lt;em&gt;Утраченные победы&lt;/em&gt; doesn't sound that clumsy as &lt;em&gt;Утерянные победы&lt;/em&gt;, it has an air of objectiveness about it putting at least some of the responsibility for the lost battles off the author, and that follows the idea of the book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-07-18T17:25:44.203" LastActivityDate="2020-07-18T17:25:44.203" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22642" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14927" CreationDate="2020-07-20T22:11:47.160" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is much harder to follow in English, but it seems he concludes the word means &amp;quot; 'Do not sell' as a verb ... nobody knows the meaning of this word until now. It is better not to know.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not exactly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Don't sell&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;Не продавай&amp;quot;, but according to quote there is &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;не продадимся&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; or maybe &amp;quot;не продавайся&amp;quot;. According to google translate &amp;quot;продаться&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;sell out&amp;quot;. If I try to translate (with google translate still) &lt;code&gt;sell out&lt;/code&gt; to Traditional Chinese, I can get (among the others) &amp;quot;出賣&amp;quot;, that is read as &lt;code&gt;Chūmài&lt;/code&gt; which is &lt;code&gt;чумай&lt;/code&gt; and looks very similar to &lt;code&gt;тунмай&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it seems originally it was &lt;code&gt;предавать&lt;/code&gt;, not &lt;code&gt;продавать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not exactly too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can предать some other person, but not yourself. In the quote it's definitely about themselves. Продаться (or also продаваться in case of alive subject) is forget about you own principles in favor of money or other benefits. Не продавайся = don't sell yourself [you principles].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;不是出卖&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;//russian.stackexchange.com/users/4481/dmitriy&quot;&gt;@Dmitriy&lt;/a&gt;, yes, I believe this is the correct phrase. Also note that translation was made long time ago and if it was  not made by professional translator, its quality can be low. Anyway it matches the story and in general seems to be a nice catch. My attempts to get this translation now lead only to the last part (in other hieroglyphs, but with same sound), but you succeeded in the whole phrase - great!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5385" LastEditorUserId="5385" LastEditDate="2020-07-20T22:24:27.710" LastActivityDate="2020-07-20T22:24:27.710" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22643" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20447" CreationDate="2020-07-20T23:08:41.800" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;For me your translations seems correct, at least in general.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm pretty sure there is nothing about snake. Also both кот and кошка can be used as generic cat, not only as male or female cats. I suppose that cat is more correct translation than tomcat.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there are some moments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отнеси кота на веранду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Bring the cat to the verandah.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Bring&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;принеси&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;Отнеси&amp;quot; - move away to some place and let it (temporary) to be there for one of the purposes: stop him from interfering us or find and place there to know where he is. I would use &lt;code&gt;take&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;put&lt;/code&gt; instead, but I may be wrong as have no such good spoken English. Note that according to the next sentence the cat is not together with speaking people, so it can't be &amp;quot;take away [to prevent interfering]&amp;quot;, it should be &amp;quot;find and move&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Да уж лежит там.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;It is already lying there.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the context of previous sentence and using &amp;quot;да уж&amp;quot; for me is seems more like &amp;quot;already done&amp;quot; than that the cat came there himself and lay down. But it's also possible that she have accidentally seen the cat there and haven't placed it herself. But anyway she knows that currently the cat is there. Лежит may be treated as a proof of the fact that he made it himself, as it is somewhere near sleep and you can't guaranty he is lying if you put him, but actually I'm unsure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd also like to move &lt;code&gt;lying&lt;/code&gt; to the end as the most important is placement, not the pose. I'm unsure whether such word order is correct in English, but let's try :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My translation would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;- Carry the cat to veranda.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;- He is already there lying.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It may be not perfect, but if I place it in Google Translate from English to Russian, it seems very similar to original:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ohoNx.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ohoNx.png&quot; alt=&quot;translation screenshot&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that adding &amp;quot;Yep&amp;quot; actually changes the sense and comma appears. I think, it's incorrect as it's agreement and the actual reply is &amp;quot;No, that's not needed&amp;quot;. Maybe you can add opposite &amp;quot;Nope&amp;quot; instead: &amp;quot;Не, он и так там&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After I wrote all these things, seems like the only important difference is &lt;code&gt;carry&lt;/code&gt; vs &lt;code&gt;bring&lt;/code&gt;. Please comment, is it really so or there are some better translations of according to the other points I've wrote.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5385" LastEditorUserId="5385" LastEditDate="2020-07-20T23:13:49.287" LastActivityDate="2020-07-20T23:13:49.287" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22644" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22638" CreationDate="2020-07-20T23:36:27.177" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For me &amp;quot;Утерянные победы&amp;quot; sound better (more beautiful, more mysterious) then &amp;quot;упущенные победы&amp;quot;. Anyway, these words have a different meaning and it's impossible to say which of them is right without reading the book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Упущенные has less interpretations. Actually, I can think only about one. When you almost won, but that was not enough and you lost. Maybe you made a stupid mistake and lost everything or should put a bit more effort. Anyway, you was very close to victory, but lost.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Утерянные. There are plenty of ways to утерять something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You may forget about it. So you win and it was great, but some time after nobody remembers it. The memory about the victory is lost, not the victory itself.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You may lose it afterwards. Like &amp;quot;мы выиграли битву, но не войну&amp;quot;. Maybe they were not leading to any result - so you win now, but it'll be a dead end and won't help you in future. Just one of multiple steps in different directions, and these wins are in the directions without continuation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You may simply loose the results. So you win for now, but your next step was wrong, so you lost everything including this win.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the other answer, book is about interpretation 3 - is it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5385" LastActivityDate="2020-07-20T23:36:27.177" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22645" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22597" CreationDate="2020-07-21T04:02:22.730" Score="0" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Запусти пару песочных часов.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– так как слово &amp;quot;часы&amp;quot; во множественном числе, мы не можем знать их род (мужской, женский или средний). Поэтому вынуждены импровизировать с использованием вспомогательных слов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14812" LastActivityDate="2020-07-21T04:02:22.730" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22646" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22597" CreationDate="2020-07-21T08:21:12.557" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Переверни двое песочных часов одновременно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5385" LastActivityDate="2020-07-21T08:21:12.557" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22647" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22648" CreationDate="2020-07-21T11:06:33.373" Score="1" ViewCount="256" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can the general calling conventions in Russian (for example - &lt;em&gt;Dimitri Ivanovich Petrov&lt;/em&gt; will be formally referred to as &lt;em&gt;Dimitri Ivanovich&lt;/em&gt;) be extended to the countries of the former Soviet Union  (particularly &lt;strong&gt;Ukraine&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;Armenia&lt;/strong&gt;) ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14815" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-07-21T12:21:58.690" LastActivityDate="2020-07-21T23:51:24.317" Title="Do Russian speakers in the former USSR countries use patronymics?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22648" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22647" CreationDate="2020-07-21T11:46:42.577" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian-speaking Ukrainians and Armenians, when communicating in Russian, do expect patronymics used towards them in the same way Russians do, and mostly they do have a preference about rendition of their patronymic in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, Armenian prime minister Nikol Pashinyan &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.armeniasputnik.am/politics/20190125/16947076/Pashinyan-obyasnil-kak-pravilno-proiznosit-ego-otchestvo.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;insists&lt;/a&gt; that his patronymic is rendered &lt;em&gt;Воваевич&lt;/em&gt; in Russian, because his father's given name is rendered in Russian as &lt;em&gt;Вова&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Etymologically, &lt;em&gt;Вова&lt;/em&gt; is a hypocorism (pet form) of Russian name &lt;em&gt;Владимир&lt;/em&gt;, that's why some Russian speakers call him &lt;em&gt;Никол Владимирович&lt;/em&gt;, which he deems wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Forming the patronymic following the usual Russian pattern for names in &lt;em&gt;-а, -я&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Фома &amp;gt; Фомич, Илья &amp;gt; Ильич&lt;/em&gt; etc.) would give &lt;em&gt;Вович&lt;/em&gt;, but he does not prefer this form either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-07-21T23:51:24.317" LastActivityDate="2020-07-21T23:51:24.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22650" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22651" CreationDate="2020-07-21T17:57:42.173" Score="6" ViewCount="226" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На обратном пути, сжимая в руке пакет с большим пончиком, он&#xA;случайно услышал обрывки их разговора:&#xA;– Поттеры, все верно, именно так я и слышал…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why is the imperfective version of the verb &lt;em&gt;слышать&lt;/em&gt; used in the second sentence despite the meaning is the same for both cases: &lt;strong&gt;having heard something&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/u8ah4.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/u8ah4.png&quot; alt=&quot;from the book&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14367" LastEditorUserId="14367" LastEditDate="2020-07-22T11:51:00.220" LastActivityDate="2020-07-25T23:52:53.640" Title="The verb слышать for finished action" Tags="&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22651" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22650" CreationDate="2020-07-22T12:40:46.063" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Слышал&lt;/em&gt; in the second sentence is somewhat idiomatic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you replace it with &lt;em&gt;услышал&lt;/em&gt;, this sentence now would mean &amp;quot;that's how I heard that&amp;quot;, not &amp;quot;that's what I heard&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would assume that hearing or listening was already the topic of the conversation, and the speaker elaborates on what exactly did he hear, not whether or not he heard something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let me provide a couple of examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты видел, как Джон выходит из дому? // Did you see John leaving the house?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Seeing or watching John has not been the topic of the conversation yet, it's something that is being introduced as a topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты увидел, как Джон выходит из дому? // Did you manage to see John leaving the house?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is something you would ask if you somehow knew that your party saw John, or was watching his doorstep, and you want to elaborate on what exactly did they see or how exactly your party saw John leaving his house.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You don't ask this out of blue. If you do, your party would probably say: &amp;quot;no, why, did I give you a reason to think I was stalking John&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you squint hard enough, this kinda falls in line with the usual distinction between imperfective verbs describing state and perfective ones describing state transition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first example describes the state of &amp;quot;seeing John&amp;quot;, and the second one describes the state transition of &amp;quot;not having seen John&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;having seen John&amp;quot; just that one time (which is already in context somehow).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, it's a bit of a stretch, so it probably better to write it off as idiomatic usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in your original examples,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поттеры, всё верно, именно так я и услышал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would mean that the speaker confirms that he heard the word &amp;quot;Potters&amp;quot; uttered that one time they were discussing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поттеры, всё верно, именно так я и слышал&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;would mean that the speaker is familiar with some rumor concerning the Potters, and not talking about one instance of hearing something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;он случайно услышал обрывки их разговора&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, the author describes one particular case of the character having heard something, which is in context (&lt;em&gt;на обратном пути, сжимая в руке пончик&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hence the perfective &lt;em&gt;услышал&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-07-22T12:48:21.230" LastActivityDate="2020-07-22T12:48:21.230" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22653" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22597" CreationDate="2020-07-23T11:51:09.553" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually it depends on a context, but I think usually it would be like:&#xA;&amp;quot;Запустите песочные часы&amp;quot;, you would not mention &amp;quot;both&amp;quot; in this case if you use plural form and all participant see all the clocks that need to be started, unless it is not obvious and you want to strongly emphasize that, in fact, it is unusual, but you need to start ALL of them - then it would typically be &amp;quot;Запустите ВСЕ песочные часы&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;Both&amp;quot; in this context is not used.&#xA;Other way to get around this is to play around with phrase &amp;quot;запуск(старт) обоих песочных часов&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;запустите и те и другие&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14823" LastActivityDate="2020-07-23T11:51:09.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22654" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22601" CreationDate="2020-07-23T13:45:05.677" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It has only positive connotation, HOWEVER the speech style of this very phrase is very informal, like pat on the back, which in the context of granddaughter speaking to grandmother might be considered rude, disrespectful. Ofcourse usually most grandmothers will let it slide, but theoretically there is a chance to be offended.&#xA;So in would be fine for a slightly younger close friend to say it, but not for a much younger person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14823" LastEditorUserId="14823" LastEditDate="2020-07-23T13:51:55.697" LastActivityDate="2020-07-23T13:51:55.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22656" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22657" CreationDate="2020-07-24T19:41:08.030" Score="0" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for someone to help me understand an exchange I had on Instagram. I studied Russian about 13 years ago and have been trying to practice recently. I followed some Instagram accounts for dogs in Russia.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Edit: Note I'm not talking about a dog. It was in reference to pictures of dinner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The exchange&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Me: &amp;quot;это выглядит аппетитно&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Them :&amp;quot;спасибо, а вы у нас кто?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Me : &amp;quot;Я никто&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Them :&amp;quot;ну и ладненько&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Me: &amp;quot;Извенинте. Я здесь толко для того, чтобы посмотреть на таксу.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Them: &amp;quot;Оставайтесь инкогнито&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;инкогнито looks like a transliteration of incognito from English but in English, this basically only means to remain in secret. Is this in reference to not saying who I was?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user14825" LastEditorDisplayName="user14825" LastEditDate="2020-07-24T20:14:43.983" LastActivityDate="2020-07-24T20:19:52.473" Title="Meaning of &quot;Оставайтесь инкогнито&quot; in this context" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22657" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22656" CreationDate="2020-07-24T20:16:51.800" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian &lt;em&gt;инкогнито&lt;/em&gt; means pretty much the same as English &amp;quot;incognito&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;concealing one's real identity&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not a transliteration of the English word: both words have been borrowed independently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Оставайтесь инкогнито&lt;/em&gt; literally means &amp;quot;stay incognito&amp;quot;, implying &amp;quot;OK, don't disclose your real identity if you don't want to&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-07-24T20:16:51.800" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22658" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22656" CreationDate="2020-07-24T20:19:52.473" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This looks like a straight out of dictionary question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dictionary.com/browse/incognito&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;incognito&lt;/a&gt; - &amp;quot;with the real identity concealed&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Me : &amp;quot;Я никто&amp;quot; / &amp;quot;I am noboby&amp;quot;&#xA;&#xA;...&#xA;&#xA;Them: &amp;quot;Оставайтесь инкогнито&amp;quot; / &amp;quot;[So] Stay nobody&amp;quot;&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2020-07-24T20:19:52.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22659" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22660" CreationDate="2020-07-25T21:38:12.707" Score="4" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across this phrase earlier and was wondering if this extends to other contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;и глаза в кучку делает&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Remarking that the dog's eyes were crossed however &lt;em&gt;кучка&lt;/em&gt; means knot. So it seems kind of idiomatic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does this work similarly for other body parts? Can I say something like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;и ноги в кучку делает&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;и руки в кучку делает&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user14825" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2020-07-25T22:21:25.290" LastActivityDate="2020-07-26T09:11:25.860" Title="Use of делать в кучку" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22660" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22659" CreationDate="2020-07-25T22:29:36.273" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Ку́чка&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;a small pile&amp;quot;, not a knot (pun unintended):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Заду́мчиво глота́ю после́дний оре́х и сгреба́ю в ку́чку скорлу́пки. - Thoughtfully I swallow the last nut and swipe the shells into a pile.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;В ку́чку&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;together&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;into one place / pile&amp;quot; (the pile can be figurative):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пингви́ны сби́лись в ку́чку. - The penguins huddled together.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он су́дорожно пыта́лся собра́ть себя́ в ку́чку. - He frantically tried to pull himself together.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Собра́ть/сде́лать глаза́ в ку́чку&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;to cross one's eyes&amp;quot;. The ку́чка is completely figurative in this case, meaning more like &amp;quot;to pull one's eyes together / into one place&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now you &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; pull your arms / legs / etc together (собра́ть но́ги / ру́ки в ку́чку) but that wouldn't mean crossing them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Crossing one's eyes, arms and legs are very different gestures and the fact that English uses the same verb to describe them is idiomatic to English. Here is how you say the same things in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;cross one's eyes - собра́ть глаза́ в ку́чку&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;cross one's legs - положи́ть но́гу на́ ногу / заложи́ть но́гу за́ ногу / сиде́ть нога́ на́ ногу / сиде́ть нога́ за́ ногу (note the stress in на́ ногу, за́ ногу).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;cross one's arms - сложи́ть/скрести́ть ру́ки на&#xA;груди́.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One other gesture where you cross your arms is the gesture meaning &amp;quot;stop&amp;quot; and to describe that you would say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Скрести́ть ру́ки пе́ред собо́й &lt;em&gt;or&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Скрести́ть ру́ки над голово́й.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-07-26T09:11:25.860" LastActivityDate="2020-07-26T09:11:25.860" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22661" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22666" CreationDate="2020-07-25T23:29:01.737" Score="4" ViewCount="188" Body="&lt;p&gt;These both appear to mean funny or amusing and I was looking for where one was more appropriate than the other. Is &lt;em&gt;забавный&lt;/em&gt; less comical and more amusing or entertaining while &lt;em&gt;смешнoй&lt;/em&gt; would be something you'd laugh at a great deal?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user14825" LastActivityDate="2020-07-26T17:44:09.270" Title="Difference between смешнoй and забавный" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22662" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22650" CreationDate="2020-07-25T23:52:53.640" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have probably heard that there are three requirements for using the perfective form: 1) A single instances, 2) of a completed action, 3) which has an important result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I first was told this I assumed that we could examine an event in the past in a detached manner and determine whether the event itself deserved a perfective verb. But this is the wrong approach. Instead all three qualifications are applied from the standpoint of the speaker and how he wishes to direct the focus of his narrative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first instance in this quote the narrator is not being questioned in court about how many times his protagonist overheard speech. Rather he is choosing to speak about a particular a time he overheard a particular set of utterances. This fulfills the first two conditions for the use of the perfective. Now by choosing to use the perfective the narrator telegraphs to us that the third condition will shortly be fulfilled: the protagonist's overhearing will prove to be important, it will move or steer the narrative, perhaps when the protagonist acts on what he heard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In his turn the second character chooses the imperfective aspect for his own narrative purpose. He is implying that in his view the rumor is something heard periodically, perhaps of no particular importance (and hence not a &amp;quot;completed&amp;quot; communication), and that the hearing of the rumor did not lead to further developments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastActivityDate="2020-07-25T23:52:53.640" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22663" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-26T10:35:47.093" Score="2" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm struggling to find a proper translation of &amp;quot;Safe Withdrawal Rate&amp;quot; concept. This basically means the percentage of your initial portfolio that you can withdraw each year (usually adjusted for inflation) without risking to deplete it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's what I have so far:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Безопасная норма изъятия&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Безопасный уровень расходов (&lt;em&gt;not really correct, but sounds better to me&lt;/em&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Безопасная ставка вывода средств&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Безопасный коэффициент снятия средств&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Безопасный процент вывода&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Безопасная скорость снятия&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and any combination of the above&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I may be missing something, so any suggestions are welcome!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14832" LastActivityDate="2020-07-26T11:19:06.813" Title="The right way to translate &quot;Safe Withdrawal Rate&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22664" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22663" CreationDate="2020-07-26T11:07:07.503" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The most popular term (if &amp;quot;popular&amp;quot; is even applicable for a terminology from quite narrow domain) is &lt;strong&gt;&lt;code&gt;ставка ежегодного изъятия из портфеля&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; - or just &amp;quot;ставка изъятия из портфеля&amp;quot; (since it does not necessarily should happen annually); - &lt;a href=&quot;https://a2-finance.com/posts/1527666433-pravilo-4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;like in&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что, если бы это было не так сложно? А если бы история показала нам,&#xA;что есть что-то, называемое ставкой ежегодного изъятия из портфеля&#xA;(Safe Withdrawal Rate)? И что эта SWR равна примерно 4% от стоимости&#xA;вашего портфеля?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &lt;a href=&quot;https://zen.yandex.ru/media/labat/pravilo-vyhoda-na-pensiiu-ili-skolko-mojno-tratit-deneg-ot-kapitala-chtoby-on-ne-umenshalsia-5d69f610028d6800ac249378&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Методом сравнительного анализа он вывел безопасный процент вывода&#xA;денег. Ставка ежегодного изъятия из портфеля получила название SWR&#xA;(Safe Withdrawal Rate).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово &lt;code&gt;ставка&lt;/code&gt; иногда взаимозаменяемо с &lt;code&gt;размер&lt;/code&gt;, поэтому &amp;quot;размер [ежегодного] изъятия&amp;quot; тоже встречается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-07-26T11:19:06.813" LastActivityDate="2020-07-26T11:19:06.813" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22666" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22661" CreationDate="2020-07-26T11:27:13.430" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whenever you find that in dictionary two different adjectives are translated similarly, check how dictionary deals with corresponding nouns - sometimes it can give some hints at least.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, &lt;code&gt;смех&lt;/code&gt; stand for &amp;quot;laughter&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;laugh&amp;quot;, &lt;code&gt;забава&lt;/code&gt; stands for &amp;quot;fun&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;amusement&amp;quot;. Similarly, &lt;code&gt;смеяться&lt;/code&gt; is to laugh, &lt;code&gt;забавляться&lt;/code&gt; is sort of &amp;quot;to fool with&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;to have fun with&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Roughly, &amp;quot;забавный&amp;quot; is something moderately interesting and sort of amusing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine a movie which is not necessarily funny (may be it's not a comedy at all) but yet is amusing. Imagine a fun (but not funny) and interesting fact, like in phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Забавный факт - лемминги на самом деле не сигают со скалы для&#xA;контроля популяции.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-07-26T17:44:09.270" LastActivityDate="2020-07-26T17:44:09.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22667" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-26T13:48:48.343" Score="31" ViewCount="6065" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just watched a Russian show today (The Road To Calvary), and I noticed they frequently add -то behind a word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Когда ж это будет-то»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«А потом-то вернетесь»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does adding -то mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I were to remove the -то from the word, is the sentence still correct? Would it mean a different thing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14834" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-08-10T20:27:20.153" LastActivityDate="2020-08-15T11:51:20.423" Title="Why do Russians add -то behind a word?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22669" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22667" CreationDate="2020-07-26T15:01:00.107" Score="20" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a particle which puts some shared context or knowledge of the conversation as a theme (topic) of the conversation and expects some development (rheme) on that topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a description in very broad strokes, and the details differ between affirmative sentences and questions, so bear with me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's a couple of examples for affirmative sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;— Сашина жена ему изменяет. — Он это знает. // &amp;quot;Sasha's wife is cheating on him&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;He knows that&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a piece of watercooler gossip which can begin and end just like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;— Сашина жена ему изменяет. — Он-то это знает. // &amp;quot;Sasha's wife is cheating on him&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;He knows that(, so what's next?)&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, the second party is telling two things:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sasha knowing that the fact that his wife is cheating is somehow already in context. Maybe it's common knowledge. Maybe it's not relevant to the discussion. Maybe the second party thinks that &amp;quot;Sasha knows&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Sasha doesn't know&amp;quot; is an expected response (so it's it context for them).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The discussion should further elaborate how to deal with this knowledge. This further development is kinda expected, so the second party cannot just stop conversation like that, that would be awkward.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in a sense, the second party says &amp;quot;OK, I know you're expecting to hear whether or not Sasha knows his wife is cheating. I'll tell you that he does, because that's what you're expecting to hear, but at the same time I want to underline that I assume this should be past discussion and develop on that&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the topic of the conversation is not whether Sasha knows or not. The topic is &amp;quot;We have established that Sasha knows&amp;quot;. It's a very fine line but it's still there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For questions, the shared context may be something that the parties have been discussing previously. So using &lt;em&gt;-то&lt;/em&gt; might bring that thing back as a topic and expect some development on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Мы едем в Америку. — А потом вы вернётесь? // &amp;quot;We're going to America&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;Will you come back?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The question is just a request for information.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Мы едем в Америку. — А потом-то вы вернётесь? // &amp;quot;We're going to America&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;About what happens next: you're coming back, aren't you?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Somehow &lt;em&gt;потом&lt;/em&gt; is a shared context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe the parties had some plans together. Maybe they had been discussing the come-back plans a minute ago but the second party forgot the details.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second party perceives what happens after the trip to America as a shared context of the conversation, and wants to bring it back to discussion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They are saying: &amp;quot;Somehow, I assume there is some implied &amp;quot;after the trip&amp;quot; that you will understand once I bring that up. So I'm bringing it up. What happens &amp;quot;after the trip&amp;quot;? Are you coming back?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-07-27T09:28:28.503" LastActivityDate="2020-07-27T09:28:28.503" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22670" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22667" CreationDate="2020-07-26T15:09:42.787" Score="16" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;-то&lt;/em&gt; is a particle used to emphasize the word it is used with.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я-то понимаю. Ночь-то какая тёплая! Слушать-то слушал, да ничего не понял. Где-то он сейчас? Что дальше-то делать будешь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It doesn't change the meaning though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is used with indefinite pronouns and adverbs.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто-то звонит. Что-то упало со стола. Какой-то человек вошёл в дом. Когда-то слышала об этом. Где-то потерял очки. Куда-то убежали. Почему-то плачет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It is used after pronouns when you don't want to name some objects, actions or features.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Рассказывает: был там-то и там-то, делал то-то и то-то, встречался с теми-то.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-07-27T00:12:54.437" LastActivityDate="2020-07-27T00:12:54.437" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22672" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22673" CreationDate="2020-07-26T17:55:09.150" Score="3" ViewCount="1533" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between these two phrases as they both appear to mean &amp;quot;Thank you very much&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Looking at Google Ngram I see that &lt;em&gt;большое спасибо&lt;/em&gt; is more common. Is there any difference or one simply a more formal way of expressing this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gLfui.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gLfui.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is the difference &amp;quot;A big thank you&amp;quot; versus &amp;quot;Many thanks&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user14825" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-07-27T09:06:17.223" LastActivityDate="2020-07-27T09:06:17.223" Title="Difference between &quot;спасибо большое&quot; and &quot;большое спасибо&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22673" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22672" CreationDate="2020-07-26T20:29:45.490" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The common order in Russian is adjective precedes whatever it used for, so that's the reason you've figured out that &amp;quot;большое спасибо&amp;quot; is overwhelmingly more popular. Well, it's slightly more complicated than that, because Russian counterpart for English phrases in form &amp;quot;noun + is + adjective&amp;quot;, like &amp;quot;the world is big&amp;quot; comes like &amp;quot;noun + adjective&amp;quot; like &amp;quot;мир большой&amp;quot;, but this has nothing to do with you particular case, so let's just mention this fact but ignore it further.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &amp;quot;большое спасибо&amp;quot; is indeed the most used form, however Russian is not that strict about order and in particular cases, in casual usage, the order can just be swapped, like in phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вчера в магазине видела такое платье красивое, но так и не решилась его купить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спасибо тебе большое, Пётр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of any semantical differences or additional connotations that are exclusively specific for &amp;quot;спасибо большое&amp;quot;. Both, for instance, can be say ironically or, say, passive-aggressively. Both can be a form of sincere gratitude.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-07-26T21:10:56.997" LastActivityDate="2020-07-26T21:10:56.997" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22674" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22672" CreationDate="2020-07-27T03:54:14.130" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The meaning is the same ('Thank you very much'). The difference is mainly stylistic: &amp;quot;Спасибо большое&amp;quot; is more informal and &amp;quot;conversational&amp;quot; while &amp;quot;Большое спасибо&amp;quot; is more formal and purposeful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mind you, Google Ngram searches over &lt;em&gt;books&lt;/em&gt; so no wonder that &amp;quot;большое спасибо&amp;quot; prevails. In everyday conversations you are more likely to hear &amp;quot;спасибо большое&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-07-27T06:15:24.813" LastActivityDate="2020-07-27T06:15:24.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22675" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22595" CreationDate="2020-07-27T05:24:38.760" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;На мой взгляд, в ответе на сайте ошибка. В слове «выкосить» гласная может чередоваться. Примеры: «скашивать», «выкашивать». Учитывая пары «растить»/«рост» и «пловец»/«плавать», все слова подходят, и этот вариант должен входить в число допустимых.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="587" LastActivityDate="2020-07-27T05:24:38.760" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22676" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22678" CreationDate="2020-07-28T15:54:07.047" Score="2" ViewCount="213" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is the past tense of the imperfective verb &lt;em&gt;пытаться&lt;/em&gt; used in this context?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Говорят, он пытался убить сына Поттеров, Гарри. Но – не смог.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would expect &lt;em&gt;попытался&lt;/em&gt; to be more appropriate here since, whoever he is, tried to kill &lt;em&gt;Гарри&lt;/em&gt; once, not several times in the past or something like this such as a past habit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wider context:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– Говорят, – не сдавалась профессор Макгонаголл, – что прошлой&#xA;ночью Вольдеморт объявился в Годриковой лощине. Пришел за Поттерами.&#xA;И по слухам, Лили и Джеймс Поттеры… Лили и Джеймс… погибли.&#xA;Думбльдор склонил голову. Профессор Макгонаголл охнула.&#xA;– Лили и Джеймс… не могу поверить… не хотела верить… Как же&#xA;так, Альбус…&#xA;Думбльдор похлопал ее по плечу.&#xA;– Ну-ну… ничего… – мрачно произнес он.&#xA;Профессор Макгонаголл продолжала, и голос ее дрожал:&#xA;– Это еще не все. Говорят, он &lt;strong&gt;пытался&lt;/strong&gt; убить сына Поттеров, Гарри. Но&#xA;– не смог. Не сумел убить маленького мальчика. Никто не знает, как и&#xA;почему, но, говорят, когда ему не удалось убить Гарри, он вдруг словно бы&#xA;потерял силу – и исчез.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14367" LastEditorUserId="14367" LastEditDate="2020-07-28T16:41:05.567" LastActivityDate="2020-07-28T18:51:50.817" Title="Пытался for a one-time action" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;вид&gt;&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22677" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22676" CreationDate="2020-07-28T16:13:10.043" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Говорят, он попытался убить сына Поттеров, Гарри. Но — не смог.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It means &amp;quot;he has tried to kill Harry&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a pronounced one-time action which has turned the character from a person who had never tried to kill Harry to a person who had (state transition).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It focuses on that one time and its consequences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Говорят, он пытался убить сына Поттеров, Гарри. Но — не смог.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a description of the character's attempt (or possibly multiple attempts) to kill Harry.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means &amp;quot;he tried&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;he was trying&amp;quot; and describes a state: at some point of his life, the character engaged in activity of killing Harry and was carrying it out for some time or several times, to no avail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It focuses on the activity itself, not how the things were before and after.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Within this context, you can use either aspect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I encountered this during my normal course of reading, I probably wouldn't even have registered which aspect did the author use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As I said, there are some minor differences (he might or might not have tried to kill Harry multiple times with the imperfective, or it might have taken him some noticeable time), but they do not change the meaning of the text in any significant way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-07-28T16:56:15.710" LastActivityDate="2020-07-28T16:56:15.710" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22678" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22676" CreationDate="2020-07-28T18:17:37.063" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Пытаться&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;попытыться&amp;quot;, apart from continuous vs one-time effort, has another difference in Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Пытаться&amp;quot; is associated with an all-out, earnest effort to do something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Попытыться&amp;quot; implies that either the effort was inadequate, or the chance of success was small to begin with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Он пытался открыть дверь&amp;quot; / &amp;quot;He tried to get the door open&amp;quot; - He did everything that he could at the moment (pushing hard, trying keys, maybe even a crowbar or a ram) to get the door open.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Он попытался открыть дверь&amp;quot; / &amp;quot;He tried to open the door&amp;quot; - His made an initial, small-scale effort (just the door handle, or maybe one key, but without any jiggling or such) to open the door.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both cases it is implied that the effort was unsuccessful. However, in case of &amp;quot;попытался&amp;quot;, there may be an unexpected success. &amp;quot;Он попытался потянуть дверную ручку на себя, и к его удивлению, дверь открылась&amp;quot; / &amp;quot;He tried to pull the door handle, and, much to his surprise, the door did open&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2020-07-28T18:17:37.063" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22679" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22676" CreationDate="2020-07-28T18:33:37.923" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The thing is, &lt;em&gt;убить&lt;/em&gt; is really a &lt;em&gt;one-time&lt;/em&gt; action, so a perfective verb is used, but &lt;em&gt;пытаться убить&lt;/em&gt; is far from being &lt;em&gt;one-time&lt;/em&gt;, it took some time, there was a kind of struggle with what prevented the attempt, that's a reason why the verb is imperfective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is a mistake to think that the Russian verb aspect has a 1:1 correlation with some categories of the English verb. A story about past events is typically told in Past Simple in English, which is both non-Continuous and non-Perfect, while in Russian such stories are usually told in the Past using &lt;em&gt;perfective&lt;/em&gt; verbs, e. g. &lt;em&gt;вырос, женился, построил дом, завёл жену и детей, умер&lt;/em&gt;, but the story traditionally begins with &lt;em&gt;жил-был&lt;/em&gt; which is &lt;em&gt;imperfective&lt;/em&gt;. Why imperfective? Although the character existed and lived only &lt;em&gt;once&lt;/em&gt; and his life is over, it &lt;em&gt;lasted for some time&lt;/em&gt;. Actions (or states) that last for some time are Usually rendered in English by Perfect Continuous tenses (has/had been doing), and it is this Continuous element that is often present in the Russian imperfective verbs, its presence is never to be forgotten.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian Past tense of imperfective verbs can have &lt;strong&gt;three&lt;/strong&gt; main meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;a multiple, repeated action which was performed &lt;em&gt;usually, regularly, often, several times, always&lt;/em&gt;, corresponds to the English Past Simple/Indefinite Tense (worked, played, lived): &lt;br/&gt;&lt;em&gt;Каждое утро он &lt;strong&gt;вставал&lt;/strong&gt; до рассвета.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an action which was happening at a particular moment in the past, corresponds to the English Past Continuous Tense (was/were doing):&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Вчера в 5 часов вечера он &lt;strong&gt;сидел&lt;/strong&gt; в кафе и &lt;strong&gt;пил&lt;/strong&gt; кофе.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an action that took some time, corresponds to the English Past Perfect Continuous Tense (had been doing):&lt;br/&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он два часа &lt;strong&gt;пытался&lt;/strong&gt; решить эту задачу, но в конце-концов сдался.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your first guess was meaning #1, but there are 2 more meanings to be considered. The attempt to kill Harry Potter could take some time, and obviously there was a witness who spread the word about the attempt, so the attempt was possibly &lt;em&gt;going on&lt;/em&gt; when the witness saw it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-07-28T18:51:50.817" LastActivityDate="2020-07-28T18:51:50.817" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22680" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-29T19:53:59.427" Score="6" ViewCount="390" Body="&lt;p&gt;однаждый corresponds to &amp;quot;one,&amp;quot; and дваждый corresponds to &amp;quot;two.&amp;quot; Would the third term be something like триждый? What are the remaining terms of this sequence, up to say, ten?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastActivityDate="2020-07-29T20:38:25.140" Title="What are the subsequent terms in this sequence?" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22681" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22667" CreationDate="2020-07-29T20:00:04.650" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The addition -то is used for emphasis. It does not change the fundamental meaning of the word. Even so, there are some subtleties involved.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, the term кто-нибудь &amp;quot; means &amp;quot;someone,&amp;quot; but &amp;quot;in particular.&amp;quot; But кто-то means some &amp;quot;random&amp;quot; person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1347" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2020-08-15T11:51:20.423" LastActivityDate="2020-08-15T11:51:20.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22682" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22680" CreationDate="2020-07-29T20:38:25.140" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, there are no such words as &lt;em&gt;*однаждый&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;*дваждый&lt;/em&gt;, there are words &lt;em&gt;однажды&lt;/em&gt; “once” and  &lt;em&gt;дважды&lt;/em&gt; “twice”. Then goes &lt;em&gt;трижды&lt;/em&gt; “thrice, three times” and &lt;em&gt;четырежды&lt;/em&gt; “four times”. These words are adverbs, they are answers to the question &lt;em&gt;сколько раз?&lt;/em&gt; “how many times?” After four, the following adverbs of this kind are formed with the corresponding numeral + &lt;em&gt;раз&lt;/em&gt; “times”: &lt;em&gt;пять раз&lt;/em&gt; “five times”, &lt;em&gt;шесть раз&lt;/em&gt; “six times”, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;однажды&lt;/em&gt; “once”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;дважды&lt;/em&gt; “twice”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;трижды&lt;/em&gt; “thrice, three times”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;четырежды&lt;/em&gt; “four times”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;пять раз&lt;/em&gt; “five times”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;шесть раз&lt;/em&gt; “six times”&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;...&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;78&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;семьдесят восемь раз&lt;/em&gt; “seventy-eight times”&#xA;etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, adverbs with the same meaning (“&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; times”) can be formed after another model: &lt;em&gt;однократно&lt;/em&gt; “once”, &lt;em&gt;двукратно&lt;/em&gt; “twice”, &lt;em&gt;трёхкратно&lt;/em&gt; “three times”, &lt;em&gt;четырёхкратно&lt;/em&gt; “four times”, and so on, the corresponding numeral in the Genitive case + &lt;em&gt;-кратно&lt;/em&gt;, each of them being a single word, no spaces or hyphens inside:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;однократно&lt;/em&gt; “once”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;двукратно&lt;/em&gt;  “twice”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;трёхкратно&lt;/em&gt; “thrice, three times”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;четырёхкратно&lt;/em&gt;  “four times”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;пятикратно&lt;/em&gt; “five times”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;шестикратно&lt;/em&gt; “six times”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;семикратно&lt;/em&gt; “seven times”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;восьмикратно&lt;/em&gt; “eight times”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;девятикратно&lt;/em&gt; “nine times”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;десятикратно&lt;/em&gt; “ten times”&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;...&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;78&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;семидесятивосьмикратно&lt;/em&gt; “seventy-eight times”&#xA;etc.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From these latter adverbs one can form corresponding adjectives by substituting the suffix &lt;em&gt;-o&lt;/em&gt; for &lt;em&gt;-ый / -ая / -ое / -ые&lt;/em&gt; according to the gender and number of the adjective you need: &lt;em&gt;двукратно&lt;/em&gt; → &lt;em&gt;двукратный&lt;/em&gt; “two-fold, two-time”:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;двукратный олимпийский чемпион&lt;/em&gt; “two-time Olympic champion”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2020-07-29T20:38:25.140" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22683" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-30T06:43:45.860" Score="2" ViewCount="202" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am doing some coding to retrieve the dictionary forms of Russian words. It generally seems to be working reasonably well, but for the word &amp;quot;её&amp;quot;, it leaves it unchanged instead of changing it to &amp;quot;она&amp;quot;. I've tried two different programmes with similar results.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the first (pymystem3), if I try it with only the word &amp;quot;её&amp;quot;, it does give me the correct &amp;quot;она&amp;quot;, but if it's in a sentence, it returns &amp;quot;ее&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second (pymorphy2), it gives &amp;quot;её&amp;quot; on both occasions. If I try the same with e.g. &amp;quot;его&amp;quot;, I get the correct &amp;quot;он&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It made me wonder if this is some kind of a glitch with the programmes I'm using or if I'm missing something about the word &amp;quot;её&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14609" LastActivityDate="2020-08-15T13:31:52.040" Title="Dictionary form of the word &quot;её&quot;" Tags="&lt;морфология&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22684" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-31T17:28:20.360" Score="9" ViewCount="390" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was reading Chekov's short story Ионыч and in the first chapter I found the following sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Когда в доме сидели гости, то в кухне стучали ножами.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Окна были отворены настежь, слышно было, как на кухне стучали ножами.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As these sentences are so similar, I assume Chekov deliberately chose to use different constructions to convey different meanings. Me being a Russian learner and not a native speaker, I always use на кухне, but I suppose в кухне can also be correct in certain contexts. Could anyone explain me how this works? Thank you!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12686" LastActivityDate="2020-08-03T11:00:56.133" Title="Difference between &quot;в кухне&quot; and &quot;на кухне&quot;" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22685" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-07-31T19:05:57.840" Score="3" ViewCount="246" Body="&lt;p&gt;I cannot seem to grasp the meaning of '&lt;strong&gt;Гостям стол, коням столб&lt;/strong&gt;', more specifically in the context of someone saying they have to hurry and leave.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does it have anything to do with being welcomed and looked after really well by someone, as in literally they have shared with your their table and given you, and/or whoever might accompany you, what you need? And does anything similar exist in English, maybe?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11566" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-07-31T22:29:50.427" LastActivityDate="2020-08-07T11:08:35.167" Title="What is the meaning of the proverb 'Гостям стол, а коням столб'" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;пословицы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22687" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22684" CreationDate="2020-08-01T02:02:53.123" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Chekhov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Chekhov's&lt;/a&gt; settings there is little to no difference in the first approximation: both &lt;em&gt;в кухне&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;на кухне&lt;/em&gt; mean location in a room or set of rooms used as a kitchen to cook food and maybe do the related stuff.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;em&gt;в кухне&lt;/em&gt; refers to the kitchen room itself, while &lt;em&gt;на кухне&lt;/em&gt; can point to the kitchen environment in a more general sense, not necessarily a room. It would be wrong to say &lt;em&gt;в кухне&lt;/em&gt; when you talk about a dedicated kitchen area as a part of a living room, but you can still say &lt;em&gt;я был на кухне&lt;/em&gt; talking about that kitchen area. However this kind of floor plan may be a common thing today, but hard to imagine in the time and settings of Checkhov's novels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because of this room/environment difference, there is a (possibly arguable) thing that &lt;em&gt;на кухне&lt;/em&gt; is more likely to indicate the process of making food too, so &lt;em&gt;на кухне&lt;/em&gt; could be used to indicate that the setting was related to the food-making activities, not just kitchen premises.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are other subtle things that may help you with the nuances, though they aren't directly related to your excerpts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When talking about kitchen stuff of 5 people you can say &lt;em&gt;на кухне работает 5 человек&lt;/em&gt;, but not &lt;em&gt;в кухне работает 5 человек&lt;/em&gt; - the last one would mean that 5 people are working there right now and it's also possible that there is something different they are doing, like painting the walls.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And talking about cuisines you use &lt;em&gt;в кухне&lt;/em&gt;, but not &lt;em&gt;на кухне&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;чеснок популярен в кухне многих стран.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5600" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2020-08-03T11:00:56.133" LastActivityDate="2020-08-03T11:00:56.133" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22689" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-01T06:41:28.887" Score="1" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we disregard those nouns whose genitive plural ending is zero, -ей, or -ий – are the rules for which vowel letter to use in the genitive plural ending -ов/-ёв/-ев the same as the rules for which vowel letter to use in the instrumental singular ending -ом/-ём/-ем (as described in &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/12018/masculine-singular-instrumental-%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B5%D0%BC-%D1%91%D0%BC&quot;&gt;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/12018/masculine-singular-instrumental-ом-ем-ём&lt;/a&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are the rules for which vowel letter to use in the а-declension instrumental singular ending ой/-ёй/-ей the same?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14861" LastActivityDate="2021-04-28T12:12:51.257" Title="What is the internal distribution of -ов/-ёв/-ев in the genitive plural and ой/-ёй/-ей in the instrumental singular?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;морфология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22690" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22689" CreationDate="2020-08-01T07:48:06.927" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The endings of the feminine nouns in the instrumental case ( with the exeption of those ending with -ь) are: -ой after hard consonants and -ей after soft ones or vowels:&#xA;Культура — культурой&#xA;Пенсия — пенсией&#xA;Няня — няней, дядя — дядей&#xA;When you have (ь) , just add -ю:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(радость) → с радостью&#xA;But:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;After ж, ш, ч, щ и ц the endings depend upon stress (-о́й stressed, -ей unstressed)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(учи́тельница) — работает учи́тельницей.&#xA;(хрипотца́) → голос с хрипотцо́й.&#xA;Птица — птицей&#xA;Ленцá — с ленцóй&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-08-01T07:48:06.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22691" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22689" CreationDate="2020-08-01T11:06:32.810" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes, the rules for vowel distribution are exactly the same in those endings, as well as other endings e.g. neuter nominative -о/-е/-ё (ведро, поле, копьё), adjectival -ого/-его/-ёго, -ому/-ему/-ёму and suffixes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;дуб&lt;strong&gt;ов&lt;/strong&gt;ый, коричн&lt;strong&gt;ев&lt;/strong&gt;ый, вишн&lt;strong&gt;ёв&lt;/strong&gt;ый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-08-01T11:06:32.810" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22692" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-01T16:32:49.677" Score="4" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;p&gt;У Льва Толстого в произведении &amp;quot;Юность&amp;quot; есть фраза:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я знал, что Сонечка с матерью была за границею, где они пробыли года два и где, рассказывали, их &lt;em&gt;вывалили в дилижансе&lt;/em&gt; и Сонечке изрезали лицо стеклами кареты, отчего она будто бы очень подурнела&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что значит &amp;quot;вывалили в дилижансе&amp;quot;? В смысле выбросили на ходу?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4438" LastEditorUserId="6097" LastEditDate="2020-08-01T18:49:59.987" LastActivityDate="2020-08-02T06:05:10.963" Title="&quot;Вывалили в дилижансе&quot;" Tags="&lt;фраза&gt;&lt;значение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22693" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22692" CreationDate="2020-08-02T06:05:10.963" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Сейчас есть возвратный глагол &amp;quot;вывалиться&amp;quot;.  Должен быть и глагол &amp;quot;вывалить&amp;quot;.  Он и есть, но сейчас не применяется к людям.  Можно вывалить содержимое сумки, но не человека.  В 19 веке, судя по этому и другим текстам, применительно к человеку &amp;quot;вывалился&amp;quot; означало, что он выпал сам, а &amp;quot;вывалили&amp;quot; - что он выпал по чужой вине (не обязательно по злому умыслу).  Примеры из корпуса русского языка:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вечеру был я на бале у герцога, дам нескольких опрокинули в коляске, ушибли и вывалили в грязь. [Д. М. Волконский. Дневник. 1812-1814 гг (1812-1813)]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вряд ли кто-то на балу специально поиздевался над дамами таким образом.  Очевидно, случилась авария.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вывезли они меня с извозчиком туда за Ваганьково кладбище, в степь, сняли салоп, да и вывалили в снег: «Ступай, говорит, дамой!» [М. А. Воронов. Арбузовская крепость (1864)] [омонимия не снята] ←…→&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А здесь - вывалили специально.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Буду писать Вам на этих же днях. Вывалили меня в канаву, на всем скаку (лошадь испугалась, и как я не сломал ногу, ― истинно единому богу известно). [Г. И. Успенский. Письма (1887)] [омонимия не снята]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А здесь не было злого умысла. Лошадь просто испугалась и понесла.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гедеонов дал приказание своим чиновникам сопровождать кареты воспитанниц до школы, чтобы они не могли из окон говорить с своими обожателями, ехавшими рядом. Чиновников обожатели оттискивали от окон кареты, а одного чиновника, более ревностного, вывалили из дрожек в грязь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А здесь вывалили намерено.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При Гамалее в 1836 году был единственный на моей памяти приезд государя в Тамбов. К этому заранее делались большие приготовления; весь город был в суете. Дворянство должно было дать бал. Дамы заказывали и выписывали себе разные наряды; мужчинам портной Никандр Великолепов шил короткие белые штаны, все запасались шелковыми чулками и башмаками с пряжками, ибо такова была в то время необходимая форма в присутствии царственных особ. Помню, как нас, детей, повезли смотреть на въезд. Мы ждали, ждали, но напрасно. К вечеру прискакал курьер с известием, что государя близ Чембар вывалили из коляски и он сломал себе ключицу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто бы посмел намеренно выкидывать государя из коляски? Очевидно, здесь это было без злого умысла.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2020-08-02T06:05:10.963" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22697" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22698" CreationDate="2020-08-04T03:37:08.373" Score="2" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am unsure about these three ways of asking if someone knows something. I was told that in certain contexts, such as when asking for the time, Вы не знаете was the norm. On the other hand, I was told that ли is used when you are unsure if the person you are asking knows about something. And Вы знаете is just a direct translation. What exactly is the difference between these three expressions, and exactly when are each used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14868" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T08:50:25.110" Title="Do you know something - Вы знаете or Вы знаете ли or Вы не знаете?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22698" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22697" CreationDate="2020-08-04T08:19:30.840" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Вы не знаете?&amp;quot; is a quite an informal and polite(ish) way of asking random people for directions e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вы не знаете, где библиотека?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вы не знаете, как пройти на вокзал?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вы не знаете, который час?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The point here is not whether they know something, it's just a form of request. &amp;quot;Не&amp;quot; (not) is quite common in such type of questions / requests:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Здесь не занято? - Is this seat taken?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не могли бы Вы подвинуться? - Would you mind moving over?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Вы знаете?&amp;quot; is a way to ask if people know something (which you might know already):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вы знаете, сколько людей погибло во Второй мировой войне?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вы знаете, каково быть многодетной матерью?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вы знаете, что здесь нельзя переходить улицу?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Так Вы знаете?! - So you &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; know?!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Вы знаете ли?&amp;quot; does not sound proper to me. Maybe in some 200 year old book you might find &amp;quot;Вы знаете ли Иванова?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some books introduce curious facts with &amp;quot;Did you know?&amp;quot;. In Russian that would be &amp;quot;Знаете ли вы?&amp;quot; (Note the present tense.) Here &amp;quot;вы&amp;quot; is spelled with a lowercase &amp;quot;в&amp;quot; because it addresses an indeterminate number of people, rather than someone personally (Вы).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-08-04T08:19:30.840" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22699" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22701" CreationDate="2020-08-05T12:24:30.757" Score="1" ViewCount="308" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand that questions that could potentially be answered by using the dictionary are frowned upon however there are multiple words that I see for cheating, which have overlapping meanings because English isn't very precise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PzyI9m.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PzyI9m.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've included this picture mostly because this comes from a Russian-English Telegram channel and it doesn't appear to be right. In the video, the man is using the dog to read the newspaper and beneath that, it says, &lt;em&gt;обманывать&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;обманывать&lt;/em&gt; to my &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;understanding&lt;/a&gt; means to deceive someone through lies. Cheating also can be breaking rules in a game to gain an advantage which seems like &lt;em&gt;жульничать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, we may even call this a life-hack. Alternatively, it seems like I could use &lt;em&gt;изменять&lt;/em&gt; as well. Is this correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user14825" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T10:23:07.710" Title="Proper translations of &quot;to cheat&quot; here" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22700" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22699" CreationDate="2020-08-05T13:38:14.690" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not really sure what the &amp;quot;proper use of a dog&amp;quot; is, and how exactly it is improper to train it to hold the newspaper.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian has &lt;em&gt;лайфхак&lt;/em&gt; which is a loanword from English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian also has &lt;em&gt;смекалка&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;practical wit, ability to think outside the box and find unorthodox solutions to everyday problems by using available resources&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would also note that it's not a common trope in Russian memes to provide fake dictionary articles, complete with pronunciation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's much more common to use the first letter of a word, similar to the way they do this in the children's books: &lt;em&gt;Л — лайфхак&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;С — смекалка&lt;/em&gt; etc., as if the picture were an illustration of the word starting with this letter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-08-05T13:45:08.740" LastActivityDate="2020-08-05T13:45:08.740" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22701" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22699" CreationDate="2020-08-05T14:05:39.740" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The situation in the picture can be described with different Russian verbs, but &lt;em&gt;обманывать&lt;/em&gt; is definitely &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; one of them. For a native Russian speaker the combination of the picture and &lt;em&gt;обманывать&lt;/em&gt; looks weird and practically inexplicable, it is like one of difficult IQ test puzzles, barely to be solved without the knowledge that it was an English speaker that associated the verb with the picture and that the connection of &lt;em&gt;обманывать&lt;/em&gt; and the picture lies in a partial overlapping of the meaning of &lt;em&gt;обманывать&lt;/em&gt; and an English verb that the author of the picture used to call the situation. It looks like &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;to trick&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; is the English verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A Russian verb that fits well the situation in the picture is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F#Verb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;изворачиваться&lt;/a&gt;, particularly the meanings&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;(figuratively) to find a way out of a predicament, to be resourceful&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;(figuratively, colloquial) to use cunning or &lt;strong&gt;trickery&lt;/strong&gt;, to contrive&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Обманывать&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C#Verb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;means&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;to deceive, to cheat, &lt;strong&gt;to trick&lt;/strong&gt;, to swindle&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;to disappoint, to let down&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for me, the best verb I would use for the picture is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F#Verb&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;выкручиваться&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, especially in the expression &lt;em&gt;выкручиваться из сложного положения&lt;/em&gt;. Note, that both &lt;em&gt;изворачиваться&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;выкручиваться&lt;/em&gt; are associated not with deception, but with twisting and turning around in order to find a way from a complicated situation, these two verbs do not have connotation as negative as &lt;em&gt;обманывать&lt;/em&gt; has.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2020-08-05T14:05:39.740" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22702" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22697" CreationDate="2020-08-06T11:35:10.037" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Much hinges on intonation and punctuation marks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вы не знаете, как тяжело быть учителем! - You don't have a clue how it is to be a teacher! &lt;em&gt;(a bitter rebuke)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вы не знаете, совершенно случайно так, где моя ручка? - Don't you know by pure accident where my pen is? &lt;em&gt;(A humorous rebuke demonstrating that you are almost sure that it is the adressee of the question who sniped your pen)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вы, знаете ли, проваливайте лучше отсюда! - You know what? You better start scramming out of here! &lt;em&gt;(a covert aggression)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2020-08-06T11:35:10.037" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22703" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22699" CreationDate="2020-08-06T22:30:42.410" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another word that wasn't mentioned is &lt;strong&gt;мухлевать, мухлёж&lt;/strong&gt;, which means &amp;quot;to cheat in games&amp;quot;, it mostly applies to card games and such though. Although the format is unusual for Russian meme styles, so Russians seeing the picture and the word together might not immediately get what's going on and who is cheating in what.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A more common way to present this would be with words like &lt;em&gt;находчивость, смекалка, хитрость&lt;/em&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively, if you wrote &lt;em&gt;читер&lt;/em&gt; there, most people would also immediately understand what you meant. &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Читер&lt;/a&gt; is pretty well established term used to refer to people who cheat at computer games and writing it as a caption to that photo would have a similar concept to writing &lt;em&gt;cheat&lt;/em&gt; or something like &lt;em&gt;hax&lt;/em&gt; in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2020-08-06T22:30:42.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22704" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22635" CreationDate="2020-08-07T09:30:53.450" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Для начала тут просто не важно, вымышленные они или нет (вы же как бы погружаетесь в данную вымышленную Вселенную и принимаете её &amp;quot;реалии&amp;quot;), речь просто идет о названии индивидов(!) вида, либо,если хотите,народа;&#xA;В обычных ситуациях подобные названия пишутся со строчной буквы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как тут выше сказали, в случае, если речь идет о названии вида именно в биологической систематике - то оно довольно часто пишется с прописной буквы, как именно название вида (и не только семейств и т.д., но и вида), а не индивида(!) вида; но это бы звучало как,например, &amp;quot;Зерг обыкновенный&amp;quot; (Zerg vulgaris), и в именительном падеже (дело в том, что тут фокус не на каких-либо объектах, вид это же абстракция - а на именно названии вида).&#xA;Но тут речь именно лишь о биологической систематике. Например, это могло бы встретится в каком-нибудь ксенологическом справочнике,но не в каком-либо ином стиле и случае.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иногда встречается еще один момент (и, мне кажется, от конкретного языка это не зависит) - если вы хотите подчеркнуть некий эмоциональный накал, пафос, cтрах или нечто подобное, связанное с этими существами (или любыми иными субъектами-объектами),- ваш накал или какого-либо персонажа этой Вселенной :&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&amp;quot;...да придут Зерги !&amp;quot;&#xA;&amp;quot;...воздвигайте стены, иначе придут Зерги !&amp;quot;  - тогда именно подобное отношение к ним может быть выделено с помощью прописной буквы.&#xA;Это,конечно,специфический случай. Некоторым образом это схоже по смыслу с п. 95.3.(прим. о прописных), 95.7 ,98, 102, 103, 104, 109(&amp;quot;Человек&amp;quot;) на вашей ссылке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2021-01-21T23:50:06.957" LastActivityDate="2021-01-21T23:50:06.957" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22705" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22685" CreationDate="2020-08-07T10:39:17.900" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Does it have anything to do with being welcomed&amp;quot; - it does have.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyhow, in a row of similar proverbs, nothing else is said. :&#xA;&amp;quot;Хлебосольство (&amp;quot;Гость в дом, в доме Бог&amp;quot;; &amp;quot;Гостям стол, а коням столб&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Садись так гость будешь. Пришел - не стой: хозяина не томи&amp;quot;) &amp;quot;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/formirovanie-etnicheskoy-identichnosti-v-protsesse-sotsializatsii-i-inkulturatsii/viewer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/formirovanie-etnicheskoy-identichnosti-v-protsesse-sotsializatsii-i-inkulturatsii/viewer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the someone who said and left, maybe he misunderstands this proverb. Or he takes himself for a horse ...&#xA;A horse that has broken loose from the chain (by the leash). :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-08-07T11:08:35.167" LastActivityDate="2020-08-07T11:08:35.167" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22706" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22699" CreationDate="2020-08-07T15:20:45.930" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Maybe they used the word 'обмануть'  because the boy in the picture didn't want his meal to be eaten by the dog and gave him a newspaper to gag his mouth) If it's true 'обмануть' is ок, but I would use a synonym 'обхитрить' here. Because 'обмануть' is stronger and has a more negative meaning. Обхитрить is a derivative from хитрый (sly) and closer 'to trick'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14883" LastEditorUserId="5600" LastEditDate="2020-08-08T11:18:10.527" LastActivityDate="2020-08-08T11:18:10.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22707" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12676" CreationDate="2020-08-07T17:21:03.680" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;По смыслу, жертва -это корм богов, их жратва, она же их жатва&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14887" LastActivityDate="2020-08-07T17:21:03.680" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22708" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-08T18:00:49.510" Score="6" ViewCount="2067" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some time ago I took a test in which I had to translate some short texts from Russian into English. One of them contained the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По приходу домой она закатила истерику.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My solution was this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Upon arriving home, she had a bout of hysteria.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My translation was marked as wrong, but I'm at a loss as to why. I did research and found many similar sentences on the Internet, but couldn't figure out what's wrong with my translation. For example, I found a news &lt;a href=&quot;http://%20https://sport24.ru/news/other/2020-02-05-olimpiyskaya-chempionka-karolina-sevastyanova-priznalas-chto-mozhet-zakatit-isteriku-dazhe-iz-za-layka&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; titled as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Олимпийская чемпионка Каролина Севастьянова призналась, что может закатить истерику даже из-за лайка&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This title has exactly the same construction as in the test - &amp;quot;закатить истерику.&amp;quot; Eager to figure out the exact meaning, I read the entire article, and here is the relevant part:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Что бы ты сделала, если бы твой парень писал другим? Очень нужен совет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Я не советчик в таких вопросах и мудрого ответа в этом случае вы точно от меня не получите. Я тут из-за лайка могу истерику устроить, а вы про писать другим девушкам. У меня бы без жертв не обошлось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The girl seems to admit to suffering from delusional jealousy as well as to being psychologically unstable - even a single like added by her boyfriend under a post by another girl may set off a bout of hysteria. My understanding of &amp;quot;закатить истерику&amp;quot; and my translation of that phrase seem to perfectly fit the context in which this expression is used in that article, so I don't see what could be wrong with my translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The context in the test was that the woman learned that her husband had lied to her, and rushed home to confront him. I don't see how my translation is inconsistent with this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I humbly hope that native speakers can shed some light on this mystery.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastActivityDate="2020-08-10T08:43:37.987" Title="How should I understand and translate &quot;закатить истерику&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="8" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22709" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-08T18:30:02.180" Score="2" ViewCount="302" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian idiom &amp;quot;и рыбку съесть, и на хуй сесть&amp;quot;, whose literal meaning is &amp;quot;to eat fish and sit down onto a dick too,&amp;quot; is an idiomatic way to say that your interlocutor is talking about mutually exclusive things, like &amp;quot;to have your cake and eat it too.&amp;quot; Here is a random example from an Internet &lt;a href=&quot;https://planta-sm.ru/book/200414.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;conversation&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;X: Хочу похудеть, но не люблю заниматся спортом!!!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(I want to lose weight, but I hate doing exercises!!!)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Y: так не бывает, ты что хочешь рыбку съесть и на хуй сесть????НЕТт, а значит ходить тебе жирной до конца дней твоих, просто глупый вопрос.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(It's impossible, c'mon, do you want to eat fish and get a f*ck too????? NO, and this means you're gonna remain fat for the rest of your life. It was just a stupid question.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usage is like that of a non-obscene analog, &amp;quot;влезть на ёлку и не уколоться&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;to climb a spruce and not get scratched&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question: Why would it be mutually exclusive to eat fish and have sex? What's the logic behind that?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand it's hard to eat fish in the very process of having sex, but the idiom is clearly not about that. It's composed by using perfective rather than imperfective forms of verbs and is thus like &amp;quot;to get food and a f*ck&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;to have a dinner and sex.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to find an answer on the Internet, but to no avail. The corresponding Wiktionary &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BA%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C,_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;page&lt;/a&gt; says that the idiom is a rephrasing of &amp;quot;либо рыбку съесть, либо на мель сесть,&amp;quot; which literally translates as &amp;quot;either to eat fish or to run aground&amp;quot; and is a figurative way of saying &amp;quot;all in,&amp;quot; but that doesn't explain the logic of the rephrasing, that is, why it's considered mutually exclusive to eat fish and have sex. Russian SE has a couple of related questions (&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/15356/11775&quot;&gt;link1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/16739/11775&quot;&gt;link2&lt;/a&gt;), but none of them asks what's incompatible in eating fish and having sex.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There must be some Russian logic behind that, and I humbly hope that Russian speakers can shed some light on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-08-09T04:25:49.523" LastActivityDate="2020-09-19T23:17:29.073" Title="Why is this Russian expression an idiomatic example of mutually exclusive things?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22710" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22708" CreationDate="2020-08-08T18:42:38.503" Score="11" Body="&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not a native English speaker, but from what I've heard, the word&#xA;“hysteria” in modern English has a lot of unnecessary connotations,&#xA;especially when applied to women, so perhaps your teacher meant&#xA;that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I personally would translate the phrase “&lt;i&gt;закатить истерику&lt;/i&gt;”&#xA;into English as “to throw a tantrum”, and Multitran&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.com/m.exe?l1=2&amp;l2=1&amp;s=%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83&amp;langlist=1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;seems to argee&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2020-08-08T18:42:38.503" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22711" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22709" CreationDate="2020-08-08T19:10:29.620" Score="1" Body="&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original saying was used to describe an all-or-nothing&#xA;personality.  Someone who will either get results or dies trying,&#xA;either “catches the fish” or “runs aground” trying.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://slovarick.ru/551/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This website&lt;/a&gt; provides a quote&#xA;from “&lt;i&gt;Девятый вал&lt;/i&gt;” by &lt;i&gt;Григорий Петрович Данилевский&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;― Ох, барин, берегись,—&amp;#x2009;говорили ему его&#xA;хозяева:&amp;#x202F;—&amp;#x2009;дело берешь трудное; с ним либо рыбку съесть,&#xA;либо на мель сесть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;В.И. Даль&lt;/i&gt; also&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/dahl_proverbs/25272/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;mentions&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;this saying among others about “Courage, Bravery, and Cowardice”. This&#xA;tells us, that the saying was already known as an example&#xA;of a kind of all-or-nothing thinking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the currently popular argot phrase, it just an example&#xA;of the culture of &lt;i&gt;русский мат&lt;/i&gt; expanding through adapting&#xA;and mutating already existing idioms.  “&lt;i&gt;На хуй сесть&lt;/i&gt;” simply&#xA;rhymes with “&lt;i&gt;рыбку съесть&lt;/i&gt;”, and I don't think there is anything&#xA;more beyond that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11755" LastActivityDate="2020-08-08T19:10:29.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22712" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22708" CreationDate="2020-08-08T19:14:13.133" Score="39" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suppose that your translation ‘a bout of hysteria’ is more about physiological process, which is uncontrollable. But the verb ‘закатить’ assumes a girl’s intention. So maybe ‘throw a tantrum’ would be better in this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14883" LastActivityDate="2020-08-08T19:14:13.133" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22713" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22709" CreationDate="2020-08-08T19:24:02.353" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No special logic behind it is intended.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Либо рыбку съесть, либо на мель сесть&amp;quot; is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; about two mutually exclusive options, it's about a typical &amp;quot;win or lose&amp;quot; situation which is always an option. When paraphrased obscenely the phrase keeps its rhythm and acquires a very funny meaning by the addition of &lt;em&gt;хочешь&lt;/em&gt; and the substitution of “и ..., и ...” for “либо ..., либо ...” – apart from a funny sexual reference it is now turned into the direct opposite of the original meaning, irrespective of how exactly opposite it is: if addressed to a woman, it becomes to mean “to want a win or double win” which is impossible, there is always a chance to lose; and if addressed to a man, it becomes to mean “to want to win or double lose” since a man is not supposed to want having sex with another man, that is why one cannot want both, which is funny because of the absence of logic in such a desire. Naturally, in each communicative situation it can get turned this or that way and show different edges of its funny meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2020-08-08T19:24:02.353" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22714" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22724" CreationDate="2020-08-08T22:56:40.820" Score="1" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking for the nearest comparable phrase to this in Russian. This is a relatively common&#xA;expression meaning to be working at peak performance. I think more often than not it has the connotation of peak mental performance or at least does when used in a negative manner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The nearest one I can find is perhaps&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;уходить с головой&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;с головой уходить в работу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but this doesn't necessarily have the connotation of performing well but being engaged.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user14825" LastActivityDate="2020-09-16T15:37:06.053" Title="Idiomatic translation of &quot;Firing on all cylinders&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22715" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22714" CreationDate="2020-08-09T00:02:31.670" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are some expressions close to 'firing on all cilinders' in the Russian language. But as far as I understand this one needs something about extremely hard work.I think 'работать как проклятый' is the best because it's about both mental and physical work.Example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он всю неделю работал как проклятый, но закончил статью.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он работал как проклятый, и скоро дом был достроен.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14883" LastEditorDisplayName="user14825" LastEditDate="2020-09-16T15:37:06.053" LastActivityDate="2020-09-16T15:37:06.053" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22716" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22708" CreationDate="2020-08-09T03:13:31.900" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Throw a hissy fit is the best translation for a colloquial usage equivalent IMHO.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2211" LastActivityDate="2020-08-09T03:13:31.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22717" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22718" CreationDate="2020-08-09T05:48:39.673" Score="3" ViewCount="108" Body="&lt;p&gt;Примерный диалог:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;- Как дела? Много работы?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;- Не( )много и не( )мало.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как правильно пишутся наречия в этом случае?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14889" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-08-09T08:44:57.437" LastActivityDate="2020-08-09T08:44:57.437" Title="Не( )много и не( )мало" Tags="&lt;наречия&gt;&lt;не-plus-adverb&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22718" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22717" CreationDate="2020-08-09T08:10:57.393" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Пишется раздельно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Д. Э. Розенталь, «Справочник по русскому языку: орфография и пунктуация»&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Раздел 17. Правописание частиц,  &lt;a href=&quot;http://old-rozental.ru/orfografia.php?sid=81&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;§ 61. Частица &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; с наречиями&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пишется   р а з д е л ь н о   частица &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; с наречиями на &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-о&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, если имеется или подразумевается противопоставление: &lt;em&gt;живут &lt;strong&gt;не богато&lt;/strong&gt;, а бедно; обычно ехали &lt;strong&gt;не быстро&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;не медленно&lt;/strong&gt;; &lt;strong&gt;не часто&lt;/strong&gt; возникает подобная ситуация; &lt;strong&gt;не скоро&lt;/strong&gt; ещё вскроется река; &lt;strong&gt;не случайно&lt;/strong&gt; он завёл этот разговор; &lt;strong&gt;не вечно&lt;/strong&gt; будет природа хранить свои тайны от человека; &lt;strong&gt;не сладко&lt;/strong&gt; жилось переселенцам на первых порах; Говоря честно, &lt;strong&gt;не много&lt;/strong&gt; найдётся людей, которые не испытывают неприятного чувства при виде пауков.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пример «&lt;em&gt;обычно ехали &lt;strong&gt;не быстро&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;не медленно&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;» полностью соответствует ситуации в вашем диалоге, так что &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; там следует писать раздельно:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Как дела? Много работы?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;— &lt;strong&gt;Не много&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;не мало&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2020-08-09T08:10:57.393" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22719" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22720" CreationDate="2020-08-09T12:34:25.430" Score="3" ViewCount="661" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to ask if the sentence &amp;quot;Мусоропровод забит жильцами&amp;quot; is completely ungrammatical (and why). As I know, we can surely say: &amp;quot;Стихотворение написано поэтом&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Роль сыграна актёром&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Очаг возгорания потушен пожарными&amp;quot; and so on. The structure is as follows: inanimate noun in nominative + passive voice participle (past tense, short form) + animate noun in instrumental.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-08-09T20:17:49.707" LastActivityDate="2020-08-09T20:17:49.707" Title="Is the sentence &quot;Мусоропровод забит жильцами&quot; totally ungrammatical in Russian?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;participle&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22720" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22719" CreationDate="2020-08-09T12:56:02.457" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's totally grammatical, in theory ambiguous but however on practice, since it's way more common to see a rubbish chute ruined by people rather than a rubbish suite filled up with human beings - this disambiguation is virtually negligible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Context is important. Compare following text snippets:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Полянка была замусорена студентами.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Лужайка была завалена полуразложившимися зомби.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In first case one rather assume that students littered the lawn, in the second case (however artificial this sentence is) one would imagine rotten corpses as semi-moribund zombies rather than, you know, zombies engaged in some sort of throwing contest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-08-09T12:56:02.457" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22721" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22708" CreationDate="2020-08-09T15:11:21.923" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think the phrase &amp;quot;to cause a scene&amp;quot; works to some extent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14893" LastActivityDate="2020-08-09T15:11:21.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22722" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22708" CreationDate="2020-08-09T15:52:02.417" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;As the other answers mentioned the issue here is either your understanding of the Russian word &lt;em&gt;истерика&lt;/em&gt; or the English word &lt;em&gt;hysterics&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English hysterics is an archaic term for a psychological condition similar to a nervous breakdown but only applied to women. In the modern times it's mostly used as an exaggeration to describe a strong reaction such a panic or laughter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, on the other hand, истерика is an informal, colloquial term closer in meaning to &amp;quot;throw tantrum&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;start an argument&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;start a fight (not a physical fight, a fight that couples have)&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;cause a scene&amp;quot;, etc., with an emphasis on the fact that such a scene would involve a lot of tears, shouting and possibly irrational behaviour (like throwing dishes), so it would mostly be used for women and children.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2020-08-09T15:52:02.417" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22723" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22708" CreationDate="2020-08-09T15:53:08.237" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually the closest I can think of is just &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;to make a scene&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; - it's not necessarily a hysteria (though it might look like :), it easily can be &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; throwing a tantrum, so it's just make a scene, which, according to English dictionaries is &amp;quot;make a public disturbance or excited emotional display&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, we do have in Russian &amp;quot;закатить cцену&amp;quot; as well - which it quite interchangeable with &amp;quot;закатить истерику&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-08-09T15:53:08.237" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22724" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22714" CreationDate="2020-08-09T19:03:14.620" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think, you can use also &amp;quot;работать на всю катушку&amp;quot;.&#xA;&amp;quot;работать на полную катушку&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or &amp;quot;вкалывать&amp;quot; instead &amp;quot;работать&amp;quot; - it's a slang verb..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or &amp;quot;работать/вкалывать на всех парах&amp;quot; (about steam-engine).&#xA;This isn't a very accurate and common use of this metaphor, but I think it is acceptable. Usually there is an emphasis on the speed of movement &amp;quot;Вася летел на всех парах&amp;quot; - but I think, and this option will be clear and figurative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These idioms are sounds more technical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastActivityDate="2020-08-09T19:03:14.620" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22725" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22708" CreationDate="2020-08-10T02:56:10.980" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;My 2c:&#xA;&amp;quot;a bout of hysteria&amp;quot; points to a medical condition, not a scandal. &amp;quot;Tantrum&amp;quot; is kinda childish. I like &amp;quot;scene&amp;quot; more than &amp;quot;scandal&amp;quot;. Устроить скандал is close but not quite the same as закатить истерику. Scandal is flavored by broken moral principles (or even law). &amp;quot;Scene&amp;quot; has the right feeling of simply acting out. But &amp;quot;scene&amp;quot; alone is too weak and lacks gender attribute... clearly, this is about a woman. So, the best is &amp;quot;hysterical scene&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;Cause&amp;quot; versus &amp;quot;make&amp;quot;: cause has some accidental/unintentional connontation. I would go for make. So... here's my version -- Once home, she made a hysterical scene.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14895" LastActivityDate="2020-08-10T02:56:10.980" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22726" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22729" CreationDate="2020-08-10T05:49:41.113" Score="5" ViewCount="274" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Neuter (такси, пари... — ends in И)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Masculine (кенгуру, фламинго — indeclinable animal names)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Or is it feminine because it's a bird (птица)? Or maybe due to some other causes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-08-10T08:40:21.733" LastActivityDate="2020-08-10T12:21:45.010" Title="What gender is &quot;колибри&quot;?" Tags="&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22727" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22726" CreationDate="2020-08-10T06:39:21.857" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can be either masculine or feminine: &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramdict.ru/search/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://gramdict.ru/search/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-08-10T06:39:21.857" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22728" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22726" CreationDate="2020-08-10T07:19:21.480" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In some old dictionaries it's marked as feminine or masculine, but according to newest ones it's both feminine and masculine. It depends on a context.&#xA;Example: маленькая колибри or маленький колибри&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://gufo.me/dict/foreign_words/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://gufo.me/dict/foreign_words/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14883" LastEditorUserId="8859" LastEditDate="2020-08-10T12:21:45.010" LastActivityDate="2020-08-10T12:21:45.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22729" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22726" CreationDate="2020-08-10T08:04:23.867" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's neither a masculine, feminine or neuter, &lt;strong&gt;it's so-called &amp;quot;общий род&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; (I'm not sure how it's called in English, in Germanic philology it's usually called Utrum). &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;According&lt;/a&gt; to wikipedia (formatting is mine):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В русском языке к общему роду относят одушевленные существительные,&#xA;обозначающие лиц (&lt;strong&gt;часто также животных&lt;/strong&gt;), в зависимости от пола&#xA;обозначаемого лица согласуемые то по женскому, то по мужскому роду.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is exactly what de-facto is happening with usage of &amp;quot;колибри&amp;quot; - just like it's stated in answers already provided, depending on context it can be either masculine or feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-08-10T08:49:00.517" LastActivityDate="2020-08-10T08:49:00.517" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22730" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22708" CreationDate="2020-08-10T08:43:37.987" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an idiom and a translation enemy. The word истерика is historically and morphologically linked to the (fictional) medical condition, but can be translated as hysteria only in context related to mental state of subject. In colloquial speech any phrase which states that someone is in that state , doesn't mean that literally and should be translated with idiom fitting to context. E.g. &amp;quot;throw tantrum&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;caused racket&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;gone livid&amp;quot;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8859" LastActivityDate="2020-08-10T08:43:37.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22731" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22726" CreationDate="2020-08-10T09:01:58.530" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most recent dictionaries are prime source for this information, but there are also cases of common misuse.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Variant 3. is actually how most Russians would treat it, essentially  approaching  word as a false proper name. If actual gender of bird is known, that may apply. We tend use masculine or feminine pronouns in relation to animals, &amp;quot;he&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;she&amp;quot; instead of &amp;quot;it&amp;quot;. Colloquially it may be used as common–neuter gender too, referring by pronoun &amp;quot;оно&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For foreign words which didn't acquire Russian inflexion, dictionaries often define masculine or neuter gender, but rarely and only lately there are several genders. Over time standards had changed under influence of dialectic use in speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;E.g. кофе - coffee got both masculine and neuter gender, though latter appeared only recently. Classic textbooks of yore would say that saying &amp;quot;оно&amp;quot; about it is incorrect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8859" LastEditorUserId="8859" LastEditDate="2020-08-10T09:13:33.610" LastActivityDate="2020-08-10T09:13:33.610" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22732" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22726" CreationDate="2020-08-10T10:01:56.373" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The gender of &amp;quot;колибри&amp;quot; is fluid as it is for all animals. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Колибри - маленькая птичка. Она питается нектаром и умеет зависать в воздухе.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Колибри - маленькое животное. Оно, как правило, живёт в теплых странах.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Колибри - мелкий вредитель. Он совершает налёты на цветочные луга и часто беспокоит фермеров :)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14897" LastActivityDate="2020-08-10T10:01:56.373" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22733" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22726" CreationDate="2020-08-10T10:59:36.853" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Колибри&lt;/em&gt; does not have a set gender. Its usage varies:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;… Илья лишь шептал что-то нежное, очень нежное, а маленькая колибри всхлипывала и от грусти и от счастья одновременно&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;От крошечной колибри до огромных, исключительно редких теперь кондоров.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Далее встретились кондор с вытянутым клювом, распластанными крыльями и лапами, колибри, нарисованная на плоской вершине холма, гигантский зловещий тарантул, крокодил, которому Панамериканское шоссе отсекло хвост.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(all feminine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;А североамериканский рыжий колибри залетает летом за Полярный круг&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Великий Гёте кружил по комнате как орел, и стоило мелькнуть фразе, мысли, образу ― он бросался к первому, рядом стоящему столу или конторке и не давал улететь сверкнувшей жар-птице или даже разноперому мелкому колибри&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;От него так и несло духами, он дружелюбно покосился на Николая, достал серебряный портсигар с эмалевым колибри и протянул Николаю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(all masculine)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most dictionaries mark it as &amp;quot;masculine and feminine&amp;quot;, &lt;em&gt;Академический Орфографический Словарь&lt;/em&gt; marks it as feminine only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From what I can judge, feminine usage does prevail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-08-10T10:59:36.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22734" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22714" CreationDate="2020-08-10T12:17:18.810" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For a translation more stylistically close to the original you can use &amp;quot;на всех парАх&amp;quot; (in terms of the steam engine) or &amp;quot;врубил/включил четвёртую/пятую/высшую передачу&amp;quot; (in terms of automotive manual shift gears).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These idioms are mostly used about literal and figural movements but can be applied for any type of activity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11885" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2020-09-16T12:11:24.807" LastActivityDate="2020-09-16T12:11:24.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22735" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22667" CreationDate="2020-08-10T17:24:12.747" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A couple of examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some questions with &amp;quot;when&amp;quot; it is used to show impatience. - &amp;quot;Когда они приедут-то?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some questions with &amp;quot;what&amp;quot; it is used to emphasize urgency. - &amp;quot;Что ж ты делаешь-то???&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In exclamatory aentences like &amp;quot;Красота-то!&amp;quot; it is used to draw special attention of the listener to something , for exampke, a sight.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &amp;quot;А потом-то вернетесь?&amp;quot; it is used to show that the person asking is expecting them or hoping for them to return and asks to confirm that. When you get asked this question, you know that the person asking is expecting you to return, while in simple &amp;quot;A потом вернетесь?&amp;quot; you cannot draw assumptions whether they expect you to return or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Что дальше-то делать будешь?&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;So what are you going to do next?&amp;quot;, while&#xA;&amp;quot;Что дальше делать будешь?&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;What are you going to do next?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12487" LastActivityDate="2020-08-10T17:24:12.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22736" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-11T00:52:36.243" Score="1" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a native American English speaker.  To improve my SAT verbal score, I studied Latin.  Is there an analogous ancient language for Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14901" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T08:43:06.760" Title="Is there an ancient language related to Russian that can be easily studied?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="7" ClosedDate="2020-08-11T09:08:10.580" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22738" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22736" CreationDate="2020-08-11T08:43:06.760" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Old Church Slavonic&lt;/a&gt; is such a language. It is the earliest Slavic language of which we have written records, beginning with the end of the 9th century AD, and Old Church Slavonic (OCS) is so old that it is very close to the late Proto-Slavic language, so it displays the state of the language from which all the modern Slavic languages descend, not only Russian. Studying OCS greatly improves understanding of the phonology, grammar, and lexicon of the modern Slavic languages. Most texts in OCS are religious, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, OSC had a tremendous impact on the Russian language. Lexical (words) and morphological (prefixes, suffixes) borrowings from OCS are abundant in Russian to such an extent that their number partially obscures the fact that Russian is an East Slavic language, making Russian look much like a South Slavic language, since OCS is South Slavic. Studying OCS will improve your understanding of the Russian vocabulary and its etymology. Naturally, the OCS grammar is more complicated than that of Russian, in a similar way as the Latin grammar is more complicated than the Spanish grammar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a good book for a start, &lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ODiD6WMT5EJRD_YfO3WbqxxdZOxxX65y/view?usp=sharing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Old Church Slavonic Grammar&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 2001, by Horace G. Lunt.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian Orthodox church, OCS in its modern, phonetically and morphologically Russified version is still used, it's called &lt;em&gt;церковнославянский язык&lt;/em&gt;, Church Slavonic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2020-08-11T08:43:06.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22741" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22742" CreationDate="2020-08-11T18:55:02.893" Score="22" ViewCount="5222" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English, the term &lt;em&gt;red flag&lt;/em&gt; is used as a metaphor to mean a sign suggestive of a possible danger or problem:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) Boyfriend not showing you his home is a huge &lt;strong&gt;red flag&lt;/strong&gt;. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thestar.com/life/2016/04/07/boyfriend-not-showing-you-his-home-is-a-huge-red-flag-ellie.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) I've just spent the last 3 weeks being scammed by an alleged Timeshare owner of the Harborside Resort. ...  I saw other forums where it was normal for the owners to accept Paypal which is what I used, however it was person to person instead of business. There were so many &lt;strong&gt;red flags&lt;/strong&gt; that I now look back on and should have noticed. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tripadvisor.co.nz/ShowTopic-g147417-i131-k9845099-Harborside_Resort_SCAM_ALERT-Paradise_Island_New_Providence_Island_Bahamas.html&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(3) In the past few months I lost $2000 on a project that I spent over 26 hours on. There were so many &lt;strong&gt;red flags&lt;/strong&gt; that this was going to happen. I had that gut reaction, those knots in my stomach telling me something was going to go horribly wrong. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lettershoppe.com/blog/20-red-flags-f-watch-out-for&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(4) In hindsight, there was a huge &lt;strong&gt;red flag&lt;/strong&gt; which I had chosen to overlook. Before we had even gone on our first date, he had Whatsapped a picture of me to his mum, and told her that he was going to marry me. He even screenshot that conversation with her, and sent it to me! (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.herworld.com/features/true-stories/singapore-true-stories-creepy-possessive-bad-dates/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm curious how such things are expressed in the mighty language of Pushkin and Dostoevsky. How do Russians refer to signs suggestive of a possible danger or problem?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="12615" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T13:22:07.457" LastActivityDate="2020-10-18T18:10:30.763" Title="Is there a Russian equivalent of &quot;red flag&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22742" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2020-08-11T19:07:23.577" Score="32" Body="&lt;p&gt;The closest match I can think of is &amp;quot;тревожный звонок&amp;quot; / &amp;quot;тревожный звоночек&amp;quot; (more popular form), like in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если твой парень никогда не приводит тебя в свой дом - это тревожный звонок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here a some other (real-life) examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Авангард» завершил регулярку четырьмя поражениями и упустил второе&#xA;место на Востоке, это тревожный звоночек.&#xA;&lt;em&gt;(&amp;quot;Avangard&amp;quot; lost four games in a row and missed second place in the East, it's a red flag.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если женщина пишет тебе первая — это тревожный звоночек.&#xA;(&lt;em&gt;If a woman writes you first - it's a red flag.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Десять тревожных звоночков в общении с новыми друзьями, о которых надо рассказать подростку.&#xA;&lt;em&gt;(10 red flags in communication with new friends you need to tell a teenager about.)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind, though that it's not necessarily a red flag and can be used in a wider set of situations when one is just worried, it's sort of worrying sign, however, again, it's the closest I can think of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="11849" LastEditDate="2020-10-18T18:10:30.763" LastActivityDate="2020-10-18T18:10:30.763" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22743" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2020-08-12T11:40:03.953" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;It could be also &amp;quot;Тревожный знак&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То, что нынешние санкции связаны с внутренней политикой Китая, это очень тревожный знак в санкционной войне между Соединенными Штатами и КНР.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тревожный знак для рубля: доллар перешел черту 70 руб./$.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Главный транспорт столицы все чаще подводит пассажиров. Это тревожный знак?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2139" LastActivityDate="2020-08-12T11:40:03.953" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22744" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22667" CreationDate="2020-08-12T14:46:28.687" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As native russian I can tell you that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Answers by @tom-au and @quassnoi don't suit this particular case. So section 2-3 by @v-v also do not.&#xA;Answer by @nick-the-dick is close but not exactly correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Section 1 by @v-v is correct but with some clarification: this particle indeed emphasizes (makes accent on applied word) to concentrate main target of a whole expression. Particularly when applied to a predicate it accents an action of an expression itself rather then other attributes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Besides that if applied to non-predicates (some attribute words of expression) then this particular attribute becomes the main target of expression. That's why it's illegal to use more than one such construct in a single phrase. E.g. regarding questions particle &amp;quot;-то&amp;quot; makes clear what exactly is asked and important in the question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14776" LastEditorUserId="14776" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T06:07:56.910" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T06:07:56.910" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22745" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2020-08-13T01:34:26.180" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Note that &amp;quot;red flag&amp;quot; in English lingo also might be not a metaphor but a term for a characteristic reason for alarm (Enter the term &amp;quot;flagged&amp;quot;). It literally may mean to mark something with red in some cases and related to practice using red tape, stickers (&amp;quot;page flags&amp;quot;) or red bookmarks in document folders to signify something suspicious or alarming. In that context this doesn't translate stylistically correct to Russian specialist lingo at all, instead a semantically equivalent statement should be used.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Compliance department brought this particular transaction to our attention because there were &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;too many red flags&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отдел внутреннего контроля привлек наше внимание к данной транзакции по причине наличия &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;множества поводов для беспокойства&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. (lit. &amp;quot;multiple reasons for alarm&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Colloquial equivalent is &amp;quot;тревожный знак&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;тревожный признак&amp;quot; (both lit. &amp;quot;alarming sign&amp;quot;). Sometimes whole phase must be reworked because things like &amp;quot;huge red flag&amp;quot; doesn't translate directly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8859" LastEditorUserId="8859" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T01:39:26.323" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T01:39:26.323" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22746" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22697" CreationDate="2020-08-13T08:37:18.317" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Formal and correct version would be &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Знаете ли вы?&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Не знаете ли вы?&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; which is a typical example of &lt;em&gt;ли&lt;/em&gt; particle's use in questions. Both forms are considered extremely polite, so they can sound unnatural in context where politeness is not meant. Both express wonder if subject could actually know the answer, the order of words is important. E.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;       Простите, не знаете ли вы, как пройти к почте?&#xA; (lit) Excuse me, do you know way for Post Office? &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Вы не знаете (ли)&amp;quot; is next on politeness ladder.&#xA;The role of negation particle here is curious. Just like modern English assumes that person might not give you benefits and expressing your own fault at ignorance (hence today we say &amp;quot;Excuse me&amp;quot; instead of &amp;quot;Pray thee&amp;quot;), Russian  may express assumption of lack of such knowledge or lack intent to share it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Вы знаете&amp;quot; is not a question. It's a statement. Compare to &amp;quot;You do know&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In case of some verbs, including &amp;quot;to know&amp;quot;, it may be used for emphasis as part of other statement where speaker informs about something, sometimes without proverb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; &amp;quot;Вы знаете, я не хочу тратить на это время.&amp;quot;&#xA; &amp;quot;You know, I don't want to waste time on this.&amp;quot; &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a direct parallel between &amp;quot;Знаете&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;You know&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Видите&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;You see&amp;quot;. If &amp;quot;you&amp;quot; is meant to be singular, it would be &amp;quot;Знаешь&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Видишь&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All forms above may be used with singular conjugation of verb and singular pronoun (if any) to less formal effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Вы знаете ли&amp;quot; is something odd in way of word order and it's not used in modern speech unless speaker horribly fumbles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8859" LastEditorUserId="8859" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T08:50:25.110" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T08:50:25.110" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22747" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22699" CreationDate="2020-08-13T09:13:39.983" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Cheat&amp;quot; in picture falls to case&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;2.&#xA;avoid (something undesirable) by luck or skill &#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually translated as обмануть. See :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;He cheated death.   &#xA;Он обманул смерть.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Closest Russian word for a noun to that exact meaning of &amp;quot;lifehack&amp;quot; would be &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;уловка&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; - &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;trick&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;, but word also got meaning of &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;deception&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;. &amp;quot;смекалка&amp;quot; also seem appropriate, but it's common &amp;quot;cunning&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In slang we literally use transliterated &amp;quot;cheat&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;lifehack&amp;quot; today sometimes, in appropriate context. &amp;quot;Lifehack&amp;quot; became more formal thanks to media. Spelled &amp;quot;чит&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;лайфхак&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt; INFORMAL&#xA; be sexually unfaithful.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is replaced by &amp;quot;betray&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;изменять&amp;quot; used with dative case in relation to partner and with comitative case in relation to illicit partner:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Оливер изменял своей невесте с ее сестрой.&#xA;Oliver cheated his fiancée with her sister.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rest meaning are pretty straightforward and there are numerous synonyms and  expressions parallel to english ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8859" LastEditorUserId="8859" LastEditDate="2020-08-13T09:39:04.337" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T09:39:04.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22748" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22699" CreationDate="2020-08-13T10:23:07.710" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm surprised nobody mentionеd &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;обдурить&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;. Being closer in it's meaning to &amp;quot;обхитрить&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;обмануть&amp;quot;, however it differs from a lie because in some cases it's just not about lying and, as such, in some cases it is a decent choice for translating cheating.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other word I can think of - &amp;quot;наколоть&amp;quot;/&amp;quot;накалывать&amp;quot;, like in - &amp;quot;наколоть систему&amp;quot; - wiktionary doesn't mention it but it has additional meaning &amp;quot;to trick someone/something&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T10:23:07.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22750" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22741" CreationDate="2020-08-13T11:27:18.240" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;When you use &lt;em&gt;red flag&lt;/em&gt; as mark that something is suspicious - then it's OK to translate as &lt;em&gt;тревожный звоночек&lt;/em&gt;, or just &lt;em&gt;подозрительно&lt;/em&gt; as other answers mentioned.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Example&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Если твой парень никогда не приводит тебя в свой дом - это &lt;strong&gt;тревожный звонок&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;это подозрительно&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you use &lt;em&gt;red flag&lt;/em&gt; meaning &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/red-flag&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;to identify or draw attention to (a problem or issue to be dealt with)&lt;/a&gt; then it could be &lt;em&gt;поднять тревогу&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Example&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;In the Madoff case, we were looking at missing funds in excess of $65 billion, so excuse me if two million didn't &lt;strong&gt;raise a red flag&lt;/strong&gt;. - В деле Мэдоффа мы искали пропавшие 65 миллиардов, [так что] извините, что &lt;strong&gt;не подняли тревогу&lt;/strong&gt; из-за 2 миллионов&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some cases I would use visual analogue &lt;em&gt;красный свет&lt;/em&gt; or even &lt;em&gt;красная тряпка&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Example&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;It's like a red flag for him. - На него это подействовало как красная тряпка [на быка]&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes it translated just &lt;em&gt;сигнал&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;признак&lt;/em&gt; (as &lt;em&gt;sign&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Example&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Ah, we just look for &lt;strong&gt;obvious red flags&lt;/strong&gt;. Ну, мы искали &lt;strong&gt;очевидные знаки&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14875" LastActivityDate="2020-08-13T11:27:18.240" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22752" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-14T00:29:54.933" Score="0" ViewCount="138" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is «чтобы» used where «что» would be used in English, in cases where the conditional or subjunctive is used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example of an indicative sentence where I would assume one would use «что»:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;”What is it that you want?”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;subjunctive with «чтобы»:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;”I suggest that you go over there.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;conditional with «чтобы»:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;”If it were that you were on time, then we could have already eaten.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are these example sentences correct? What other types of rules are there for using «что» «чтобы»? Are there any other forms of «что» that are used to define other grammatical moods?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6250" LastActivityDate="2020-08-14T12:47:20.193" Title="Would it be correct to say that «чтобы» is simply the subjunctive and conditional form of «что»?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;чтобы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2020-08-14T13:52:57.833" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22753" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22752" CreationDate="2020-08-14T11:54:09.160" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, about your examples. Grammar &lt;strong&gt;terms do not coincide&lt;/strong&gt; in different languages, i.e. what can be called subjunctive or conditional in English is sometimes called otherwise in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is it that you want?”— Чего ты хочешь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;”I suggest that you go over there.”— Предлагаю, (что?) чтобы ты туда поехал / туда поехать. (Complement clause, indicative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;”If it were that you were on time, then we could have already eaten.”— Надо было раньше поесть, ( с какой целью?) чтобы ты не опоздал. ( complex sentence , purpose clause).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope you know that there are &amp;quot;что бы &amp;quot; and &amp;quot;чтобы&amp;quot; written separately and in one word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Что бы&lt;/strong&gt; is a combination of a pronoun and a particle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что бы вы хотели себе на завтрак?— What would you like for breakfast?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что бы вы делали без меня? — What would you do without me?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что бы ещё нам взять с собой в поездку? — What should we take with us for that journey?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The interrogative pronoun что is used with бы (a particle). The particle can be moved to another place in the sentence without changing sense&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что вы хотели бы себе на завтрак?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что бы ни предлагали мне, а я никуда не поеду завтра. — I am not going anywhere, whatever they suggested.( concessive clause)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не могу понять, что бы могло их так надолго задержать.— I don't understand what could have caused the delay.( complement clause)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can move бы as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что ни предлагали бы мне, а я никуда не поеду завтра.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не могу понять, что могло бы их так надолго задержать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; can function in the sentence as a &lt;strong&gt;conjunction and a particle&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она спешит (с какой целью?), чтобы успеть на поезд. ( a purpose clause) — She is in a hurry (in order) to catch the train.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он просит напомнить (о чём?), чтобы все собрались к двенадцати часам.(complement clause) — He asks to remind that everybody should come at 12 sharp.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Следует написать письмо так (каким образом?), чтобы никто не отказался от этого поручения.(adverbial clause of manner). — The letter should be written the way nobody could neglect the errand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In colloquial speech чтобы is a particle expressing a &lt;strong&gt;wish, a command or doubt&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чтобы к десяти часам был уже дома! (order)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чтобы я отпустила тебя так поздно одну? (doubt)&#xA;More:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чтобы все экзамены были сданы!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чтобы сегодня все было готово!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чтобы больше это не повторялось, смотри мне.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And this is just for fun. Can you see the difference?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Надо поискать, чтобы поесть. Надо поискать, что бы поесть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2020-08-14T11:59:47.230" LastActivityDate="2020-08-14T11:59:47.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22754" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22752" CreationDate="2020-08-14T12:41:36.820" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would it be correct to say that «чтобы» is simply the subjunctive and conditional form of «что»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. I'm not a native Russian speaker, but your question brings to mind a joke told me by my Russian teacher. Here's my translation of the joke into English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sir Raven is perched on a lofty tree and Sir Hare is passing by. Sir Hare asks, &amp;quot;How do you do, Sir Raven? What are you doing?&amp;quot; Sir Raven replies, &amp;quot;I'm very well and doing absolutely nothing.&amp;quot; Sir Hare exclaims, &amp;quot;Wow, can I sit down and do nothing, like you?&amp;quot; Sir Raven replies, &amp;quot;Sure, go ahead.&amp;quot; Sir Hare sits down at the tree and relaxes to quietly enjoy the good weather. A few minutes pass by and then Sir Fox jumps out of the bush and eats Sir Hare alive. Sir Raven thinks, &amp;quot;Oh, I forgot to tell Sir Hare one thing. Чтобы ничего не делать, надо высоко сидеть.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here we have &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; in the key phrase of the joke, and the phrase translates as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To do nothing, you need to sit high.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The implication is that you can relax and do nothing for a while only if you sit high in the organization you work for. At any rate, &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; isn't used here as a kind of &lt;strong&gt;что&lt;/strong&gt; at all, and this joke illustrates perhaps the most common usage of &lt;strong&gt;чтобы&lt;/strong&gt; in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I've just made a search in Google and found an authentic Russian text of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.km.ru/anecdote_day/807914&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;joke&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2020-08-14T12:47:20.193" LastActivityDate="2020-08-14T12:47:20.193" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22755" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22683" CreationDate="2020-08-15T13:31:52.040" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;её = her in all the senses, same as in English&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see &lt;strong&gt;her&lt;/strong&gt; = Я вижу &lt;strong&gt;её&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Her&lt;/strong&gt; father = &lt;strong&gt;Её&lt;/strong&gt; отец&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4848" LastActivityDate="2020-08-15T13:31:52.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22756" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22759" CreationDate="2020-08-15T15:25:34.887" Score="3" ViewCount="210" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm looking to translate &amp;quot;To get your ducks in a row&amp;quot;. In English, this more or less translates into &amp;quot;To be fully prepared for something that is going to happen&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I look for this in similar phrases the things I get back are more or less literal expressions like &lt;em&gt;Приведи свои дела в порядок&lt;/em&gt;. However, I've also seen this &lt;em&gt;Так что выстраивай своих уточек&lt;/em&gt; Is the latter phrase used much at all?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would the following expression suffice?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Едешь на день, хлеба бери на неделю&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user14825" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-08-15T15:42:05.867" LastActivityDate="2020-08-16T19:29:17.987" Title="Translation of &quot;Get your ducks in a row&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22757" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22756" CreationDate="2020-08-15T16:01:38.417" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a dictionary thing. “Get one’s ducks in a row” is heavily context-dependent, the main ways to say it in Russian being &lt;em&gt;собрать все силы&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;привести дела в порядок&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;подготовиться как следует&lt;/em&gt;. Use the &lt;a href=&quot;https://context.reverso.net/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4/%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/ducks+in+a+row&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Reverso Context online dictionary&lt;/a&gt; to see word combinations / expressions / idioms used in sentences with translations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a way your example can be translated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They should have had all their ducks in a row beforehand, so they were ready to start the job when required. — Им следовало бы заранее как следует подготовиться, чтобы начать работу вовремя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2020-08-15T16:01:38.417" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22758" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20711" CreationDate="2020-08-16T02:22:06.823" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I hear this word all the time from my parents.  But having grown up in the US, hearing English and also being around Russian and Russian speakers a whole lot, I would equate the word with the slang terms &amp;quot;doing too much&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;acting a fool.&amp;quot;  My parents and grandparents most often used the word to describe my brother when he would be goofing off or too hyper.  I now use it with my son, because I can't think of an English equivalent. I've also heard it used to describe politicians or performers when they are just doing too much.  :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14923" LastActivityDate="2020-08-16T02:22:06.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22759" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22756" CreationDate="2020-08-16T19:29:17.987" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I've found one more translation of the expression 'Get one’s ducks in a row. As for me it's ok in your context. In Russian it can mean 'собраться с мыслями, привести мысли в порядок'.To be translated litrally it sounds like 'put your thoughts in order' and means 'to analise the situation, to think a lot before doing somethung important'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;here's the link&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://set_expressions_en_ru.academic.ru/632/ducks_in_a_row&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://set_expressions_en_ru.academic.ru/632/ducks_in_a_row&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14883" LastActivityDate="2020-08-16T19:29:17.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22761" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-16T21:07:53.420" Score="1" ViewCount="206" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider this headline from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.medpulse.ru/health/383820.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;medpulse.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как работают антибиотики: когда они эффективны и бесполезны&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which may be translated in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How antibiotics work: when they are effective and useless&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shouldn't &amp;quot;и&amp;quot; be &amp;quot;или&amp;quot; instead?  I would think &amp;quot;effective, or useless&amp;quot;.  Certainly a drug is not both &amp;quot;effective and useless&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you were writing this headline, would you write it the same way?  Is this very clear and correct usage of the language in your opinion?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10509" LastActivityDate="2020-08-16T22:24:13.423" Title="Grammar in a headline" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22762" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22761" CreationDate="2020-08-16T21:41:47.867" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The author of the article I've read(your link) meant that he wrote about the proper use of antibiotics: when they are effective and when they are useless. But from the title we see that the text is about bouth efficiency and uselessness of them. Accoding to Russian grammar the title is incorrect. If I were an editor I would contract it to 'Как работают антибиотики' or rewrite like this 'Как правильно принимать антибиотики'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14883" LastActivityDate="2020-08-16T21:41:47.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22763" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22761" CreationDate="2020-08-16T22:24:13.423" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как работают антибиотики: когда они эффективны и бесполезны&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Shouldn't &amp;quot;и&amp;quot; be &amp;quot;или&amp;quot; instead? I would think &amp;quot;effective, or useless&amp;quot;. Certainly a drug is not both &amp;quot;effective and useless&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's how I read this title:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как работают антибиотики: когда они эффективны и (когда они) бесполезны&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The 2nd &lt;em&gt;когда они&lt;/em&gt; is not writen, but implied. Here the author intends to talk about different situations: those when the medicine is working and those when it is useless. &lt;em&gt;И&lt;/em&gt; combines multiple situations (maybe different diseases) into the scope of the article. It cannot be replaced by &lt;em&gt;или&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if the author would want to go on per-disease basis or single out a particular kind of illness you could use &lt;em&gt;или&lt;/em&gt; there, e.g. &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Antibiotics for Flu: Effective or Not?&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Антибиотики при гриппе: эффективны или бесполезны?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;If you were writing this headline, would you write it the same way? Is this very clear and correct usage of the language in your opinion?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are right though, that the original wording still has a chance to be be misconstrued. If one has to reduce that chance with minimum correction, there is an option to put it like this&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Как работают антибиотики: когда они эффективны, а когда бесполезны?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5600" LastActivityDate="2020-08-16T22:24:13.423" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22764" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22765" CreationDate="2020-08-19T13:46:27.907" Score="17" ViewCount="698" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kp.ru/daily/217170/4272467/%5D&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;interview with the last president of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev&lt;/a&gt;, which was motivated by the anniversary of the attempted coup in 1991 (and in which the interviewer tries to elicit some comments on the situation in Belarus), Gorbachev is quoted:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думаю, во всем предстоит разобраться и поставить точки на «i».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The usage of the saying surprised me as there is no letter «i» in Russian - apart from books or inscriptions from before the orthography reform of 1918. Thus, I would have expected such a saying to quickly fall in disuse. It doesn't look like it's indispensable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gorbachev is almost 90 years old. The reform had already been in place for twenty years, when he was old enough for school. By now, it's more than 100 years that the letter was abolished in Russian. &lt;br&gt;&#xA;(BTW, the Belarusian alphabet - among others - still has the letter «i».)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any factors that keep this saying alive? Are younger people still using it? &lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11816" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-08-19T16:53:53.057" LastActivityDate="2020-08-31T15:45:43.227" Title="Поставить точки на «i» (dot the i's and cross the t's)" Tags="&lt;пословицы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22765" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22764" CreationDate="2020-08-19T14:00:00.107" Score="22" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a calque from French &amp;quot;mettre les points sur les “i”&amp;quot; and it sounds - and always sounded actually - quite bookish, it's not like somewhere in the middle of the 19th century one peasant was telling another one, &amp;quot;Семён Семёныч, давай расставим все точки на i - будем мы сегодня пахать или нет&amp;quot;. This is a part of Russian cultural context approximately as much as popular Latin idioms are. For instance, you can find that some journalists (like, for instance, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%AE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_(%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Максим Соколов&lt;/a&gt;) like to use from time to time phrase like &lt;code&gt;sic!&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;sapienti sat&lt;/code&gt;. Russian writers, the Strugatsky brothers, liked to use &amp;quot;quantum satis&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Someone who reads a lot won't be surprised to find such phrases. A teenager, however, would hardly say &amp;quot;давай расставим точки над i&amp;quot;, while some professor actually can. It's recognisable though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, there's a Russian counterpart which sounds like &amp;quot;расставить/поставить все точки над ё&amp;quot; - but it has slightly humorous connotations, so &amp;quot;serious&amp;quot; people would rather use &amp;quot;i&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The other thing to mention - you are sort of assuming that if something does not belong to modern context it automatically ceases from existence. It's not true in any case. In Russian, for instance, we say &amp;quot;ничтоже сумняшеся&amp;quot; - it's a relic of Church Slavonic, nobody talks like that for hundreds of years, still this phrase is in active usage.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-08-19T16:12:26.333" LastActivityDate="2020-08-19T16:12:26.333" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22766" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-19T14:28:08.403" Score="-2" ViewCount="113" Body="&lt;p&gt;Deleted deleted deleted deleted deleted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14932" LastEditorUserId="14932" LastEditDate="2020-08-19T15:57:29.517" LastActivityDate="2020-08-19T15:57:29.517" Title="I am having difficulty reading this, help please?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2020-08-19T15:53:52.573" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22767" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22766" CreationDate="2020-08-19T15:17:49.410" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here you are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;лучшее видение ситуации. Я не хочу&#xA;ощущать то, что было в детстве&#xA;и переносить это зону (НЕ) комфор-&#xA;та во взрослую жизнь. Я достой-&#xA;на лучшего и я этого добьюсь.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rough translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;a better understanding of the situation. I don't want&#xA;to feel what I felt as a child&#xA;and transfer this (dis) comfort zone&#xA;into my adult life. I deserve a better &#xA;life and I will achieve it.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-08-19T15:37:54.167" LastActivityDate="2020-08-19T15:37:54.167" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22769" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22764" CreationDate="2020-08-20T06:58:40.177" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can explained by historical background: the Russian alphabet had a Cyrillic &lt;code&gt;i&lt;/code&gt; until 19th - early 20th  century. It was slowly phasing out of usage and removed during the reformation period in 1917-1918. It was replaced by letter &amp;quot;И&amp;quot; in all instances. The letter was called &amp;quot;iod&amp;quot; as Ї ї, then became &amp;quot; И десятиричное&amp;quot; ( Decimal i) when though, similar to the Greek &amp;quot;iota&amp;quot; which was 10th letter (with digamma being 6th).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The origin is indeed French. There was a historical tendency of using French phrases and savoir-faire among aristocracy, which was reflected in literature and was one of those &amp;quot;signal flags&amp;quot; to demonstrate education.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These familiar with classic literature may use this in written text, sometimes in speech. It's understandable by anyone who is familiar with the Latin alphabet. It's more common now than forty years ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no analog for the 'crossed t' phrase, but there is a near-calque for the English expression &amp;quot;down to a tee&amp;quot; (sometimes incorrectly spelled as &amp;quot;down to a T&amp;quot;) - &amp;quot;До последней черточки&amp;quot;, which got a related use and meaning and with some changes to a phrase can be used instead of &amp;quot;dots above i&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8859" LastEditorUserId="8859" LastEditDate="2020-08-20T18:40:39.957" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T18:40:39.957" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22770" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20447" CreationDate="2020-08-20T07:53:21.070" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;First phrase uses &amp;quot;отнеси&amp;quot; which is an imperative and be translated to &amp;quot;Take to/away&amp;quot;. While &amp;quot;verandah&amp;quot; is direct analog of Russian word semantically, it's less commonly used in some English-peaking areas, where it becomes just a &amp;quot;porch&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have no idea if it was intentional, but the answer can be read &amp;quot;But grass snake is lying there&amp;quot; as a pun and grammatical joke because formal speech would not omit pronoun in such case, but it would take a couple of minutes for a Russian to register that. First attempt would be read as awkward &amp;quot;But it is already there&amp;quot;. If this was meant as a pun, it's completely untranslatable as most of homophonic puns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8859" LastEditorUserId="8859" LastEditDate="2020-08-20T08:03:17.240" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T08:03:17.240" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22771" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22772" CreationDate="2020-08-20T16:50:50.327" Score="4" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;Please look at the following two sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Летом она отдыхала в санатории.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Этим летом она отдыхала в санатории.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What part of speech is the word &amp;quot;летом&amp;quot; in the 1st and in the 2nd sentence? It seems pretty weird, but I have a feeling that adding &amp;quot;этим&amp;quot; caused the word &amp;quot;летом&amp;quot; to change its part of speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;зимой --&amp;gt; прошлой зимой; осенью --&amp;gt; ранней осенью...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a linguistical term for this phenomenon?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T19:48:02.207" Title="Is it true that adding an attributive sometimes causes a change in part of speech of the main word?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22772" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22771" CreationDate="2020-08-20T19:40:42.097" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What part of speech is the word &amp;quot;летом&amp;quot; in the 1st and in the 2nd sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's an adverb in the first sentence and a noun in the second sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a linguistical term for this phenomenon?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is called &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_(word_formation)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;conversion&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;null derivation&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this particular case it would be called &amp;quot;null-derived adverbialization&amp;quot; (forming an adverb from a certain form of a noun without changing this form whatsoever)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-08-20T19:48:02.207" LastActivityDate="2020-08-20T19:48:02.207" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22773" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22774" CreationDate="2020-08-21T11:36:51.553" Score="1" ViewCount="174" Body="&lt;p&gt;какое слово указывает больше частоту, обычно или часто?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я мог бы знать если я обычно делаю что-то, я его делаю больше чем часто.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S: Please, feel free to correct my Russian. I'm still a beginner...  Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question in English:&#xA;«Which word indicates a higher frequency, обычно or часто.&#xA;I would like to know if I do something обычно, then I do it more than часто.»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12974" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T13:22:32.903" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T19:27:30.030" Title="Какое слово указывает больше частоту, обычно или часто?" Tags="&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22774" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22773" CreationDate="2020-08-21T13:20:54.700" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have to be honest with you, this question does have as much sense as asking &amp;quot;Which English word indicates more frequent action - &lt;code&gt;often&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;usually&lt;/code&gt;?&amp;quot;.  To do something quite often and to do something usually are just two different things and it depends on context, which of actions if performed more frequently.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Imagine going for a one-week hiking each summer. One can say that usually every summer they go hiking. Is it often? Well, it depends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T16:43:47.167" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T16:43:47.167" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22775" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22773" CreationDate="2020-08-21T16:49:53.970" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In most contexts, &amp;quot;обычно&amp;quot; means more often than &amp;quot;часто&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But this is not coming from an inherent meaning of those words - it's rather a &amp;quot;byproduct&amp;quot; of their meaning. As @shabunc had illustrated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&amp;quot;обычно&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;usually&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&amp;quot;часто&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;often&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Usually&amp;quot; implies that in a certain situation there is a typical flow of events, which frequency can be qualified as &amp;quot;usually&amp;quot;.&#xA;Now if we take &lt;strong&gt;the same certain situation&lt;/strong&gt; and change qualifier to &amp;quot;frequently&amp;quot;, that changes the meaning, implying that there's more than one typical flow of events, and &amp;quot;frequent&amp;quot; one corresponds to the one that is the most common - which would be &lt;strong&gt;less&lt;/strong&gt; frequent if there was only one typical flow.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course we have to compare &amp;quot;apples to apples&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;Обычно&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;часто&amp;quot; cannot be compared if we are talking about different situations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastEditorUserId="9256" LastEditDate="2020-08-21T19:27:30.030" LastActivityDate="2020-08-21T19:27:30.030" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22776" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22777" CreationDate="2020-08-21T22:51:27.440" Score="1" ViewCount="226" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was writing a paragraph, and a sentence within (and the previous sentence) is, in English:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(The first store sells mostly bulk produce.) The second store is (a) traditional (store), for the purchase of general household goods and foods.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;to which I translated as,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Втор&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;й магаз&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;н традици&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;нный (магаз&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;н), за пок&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;пкой &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;бщих дом&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;шних тов&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ров и прод&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ктов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My tutor said it was better to say,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Втор&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;й магаз&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;н традици&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;нный, там м&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;жно куп&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;ть &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;бщие дом&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;шние тов&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ры и прод&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;кты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or if I insisted on my English-sounding translation (which I don't),&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Втор&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;й магаз&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;н традици&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;нный, для пок&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;пки &lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt;бщих дом&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;шних тов&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt;ров и прод&lt;strong&gt;у&lt;/strong&gt;ктов. (of which after the nominalized verb I use plural genitive instead of accusative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand there are 'ways' people say things, so I accept the &amp;quot;There one can buy&amp;quot; impersonal construction, but my question is, &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;why для пок&lt;/strong&gt;у&lt;strong&gt;пки instead of за пок&lt;/strong&gt;у&lt;strong&gt;пкой&lt;/strong&gt;?&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I myself have used these resources for &lt;code&gt;for&lt;/code&gt; in English;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.alphadictionary.com/rusgrammar/for.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.alphadictionary.com/rusgrammar/for.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/12288/difference-between-%d0%b7%d0%b0-as-in-%d0%b7%d0%b0-%d1%87%d1%82%d0%be-%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%b1%d0%be-%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b3%d0%be-%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%b1%d0%be-and-%d0%b4%d0%bb%d1%8f&quot;&gt;Difference between &amp;quot;за&amp;quot; (as in &amp;quot;за что-либо/кого-либо&amp;quot;) and &amp;quot;для&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/15514/for-the-benefit-of-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%b1%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%be-vs-%d0%b4%d0%bb%d1%8f&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;for the benefit of&amp;quot;, на благо vs для?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but the problem is to translate the use of &lt;code&gt;for&lt;/code&gt; even.... For example, the 2nd link's accepted answer would (to me) imply &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt;, corroborated by point 3 in the first link.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, point 2 of the first link validates my tutor's claim, as does the 2nd point in the accepted answer of the 2nd link.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-08-22T01:08:11.087" LastActivityDate="2020-08-22T01:08:11.087" Title="«Для» или «за»? – This store is for the purchase of" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22777" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22776" CreationDate="2020-08-21T23:52:48.453" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;“&lt;em&gt;За покупкой&lt;/em&gt;” is a wrong choice to translate “for the purchase” in that sentence, “(store), &lt;em&gt;for the purchase&lt;/em&gt; of general household goods and foods”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“&lt;em&gt;За покупкой&lt;/em&gt;” is “&lt;em&gt;за&lt;/em&gt;” + &lt;strong&gt;Instrumental case&lt;/strong&gt;, which is quite different from your link to &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/12288/difference-between-%D0%B7%D0%B0-as-in-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE-and-%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F&quot;&gt;Difference between &amp;quot;за&amp;quot; (as in &amp;quot;за что-либо/кого-либо&amp;quot;) and &amp;quot;для&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; which deals with за + &lt;strong&gt;Accusative case&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“&lt;em&gt;За покупкой&lt;/em&gt;” (“&lt;em&gt;за&lt;/em&gt;” + &lt;strong&gt;Instrumental case&lt;/strong&gt;) is about the aim, goal, usually used with &lt;strong&gt;verbs of motion&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;came&lt;/strong&gt; to buy): “&lt;em&gt;Он &lt;strong&gt;пришёл&lt;/strong&gt; сюда за покупкой&lt;/em&gt;” – “He &lt;strong&gt;came&lt;/strong&gt; here for a purchase / to buy something”. Here “за покупкой” is an &lt;strong&gt;adverbial modifier of purpose&lt;/strong&gt; (Came here for what purpose? – To buy something).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your sentence, “(store), “&lt;em&gt;for the purchase of general household goods and foods&lt;/em&gt;”, “&lt;em&gt;for the purchase of general household goods and foods&lt;/em&gt;” is an &lt;strong&gt;attribute&lt;/strong&gt; (What kind of store? – A store &lt;em&gt;for the purchase of general household goods and foods&lt;/em&gt;), so it cannot have &lt;strong&gt;за&lt;/strong&gt; + &lt;strong&gt;Instr.&lt;/strong&gt; after it; &lt;strong&gt;для&lt;/strong&gt;  + &lt;strong&gt;Genitive case&lt;/strong&gt; (“for”) is used instead, as it was suggested to you: “магазин традиционный, &lt;em&gt;для покупки&lt;/em&gt; общих домашних товаров”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other ways of translating that phrase, “(store), “&lt;em&gt;for the purchase of general household goods and foods&lt;/em&gt;” include&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• магазин, &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;где&lt;/strong&gt; продаются домашние товары&lt;/em&gt; (“store &lt;strong&gt;where&lt;/strong&gt; household goods are sold”)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;• магазин &lt;em&gt;домашних товаров&lt;/em&gt; (“store &lt;strong&gt;of&lt;/strong&gt; household goods”)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-08-22T01:01:38.660" LastActivityDate="2020-08-22T01:01:38.660" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22778" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22779" CreationDate="2020-08-22T19:13:40.373" Score="3" ViewCount="182" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let us imagine a poor student who considers that a voltage measuring device is called напряжометр (stressed О). Of course it's wrong; the correct word is вольтметр (voltmeter).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: how do you write down this word if it is needed, e.g. to indicate a quote? For example, in an anecdote, where you must use it in the direct speech. Would it be &lt;strong&gt;напряжометр&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;напряжёметр&lt;/strong&gt;? Russian is not immune to new words and occasionalisms. You know, there were writers and poets who invented new words (Velimir Khlebnikov, for instance).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-08-22T19:45:46.387" LastActivityDate="2020-08-22T20:50:56.047" Title="How do you choose between &quot;о&quot; and &quot;ё&quot; after sibilants for neologisms?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22779" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22778" CreationDate="2020-08-22T19:33:58.473" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;My initial impulse was (and I luckily left it only as a comment) is to say that your particular choice of example is unfortunate - &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt; is never softened in modern Russian, while usage of ё implies palatalisation, so it would be напряжеметр. I don't know what have gotten into me, since this couldn't have been more wrong!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I immediately realised that, of course, in fact is exactly the opposite - according to rules, after &lt;code&gt;ж&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;ш&lt;/code&gt;,&lt;code&gt;ч&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;щ&lt;/code&gt; we write &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt; (if we have to choose between &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt;) or just &lt;code&gt;е&lt;/code&gt; (if we are ignoring &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt;) if in related words in unstressed position it does not pronounced as &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt;  - that's why &lt;code&gt;шёлковый&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;жёлтый&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;чёрный&lt;/code&gt; but not жолтый, чорный or шолковый.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;So in your case it would be &lt;code&gt;напряжёметр&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (or just &lt;code&gt;напряжеметр&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the appendix below I've provided the exact set of rules. There's a very tricky note that states: &amp;quot;Иноязычные слова пишутся согласно произношению, например: крюшон, мажор, шомпол — шомпола, Чосер&amp;quot;. Согласно произношению is an oversimplified way of saying &amp;quot;it's written this way just because it was adopted this way&amp;quot;. But, again, in your case it's derivation from &amp;quot;напряжение&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Appendix: &lt;a href=&quot;https://therules.ru/vowels-1/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here's exact set&lt;/a&gt; of rules:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если после ж, ч, ш, щ произносится под ударением о, то буква о&#xA;пишется: О правилах §§ 4—6:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В окончаниях имён существительных и прилагательных, например: плечо, ножом, шалашом, плечом, Фомичом, плащом, межой, вожжой, душой,&#xA;свечой, пращой, чужой, большой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В суффиксах: а) имён существительных:&#xA;-ок, например: рожок, петушок, крючок, борщок;&#xA;-онок, например: медвежонок, мышонок, галчонок, бочонок;&#xA;-онк-а, например: книжонка, рубашонка, ручонка; также деньжонки; б) имён прилагательных:&#xA;-ов-, например: ежовый, грошовый, парчовый, холщовый;&#xA;-он (с беглым о), например: смешон; в) наречий, например: свежо, горячо, общо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В именах существительных родительного падежа множественного числа на -ок, -он, например: кишок, княжон.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В словах (и в производных от них): обжора, крыжовник, жом, трещотка, трущоба, чащоба, чокаться, чопорный, Печора, шов, шорох,&#xA;шоры, в именах существительных: изжога, ожог, поджог (ср. написания с&#xA;-ёг в прошедшем времени глаголов: изжёг, ожёг, поджёг); также в некоторых областных и просторечных словах, например: жолкнуть, зажора&#xA;(и зажор), жох, ужо (в значении «потом», «после»), вечор (в значении&#xA;«вчера вечером»), чох (например, в выражении «не верит ни в сон, ни в&#xA;чох»), наречие чохом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Во всех прочих случаях после ж, ч, ш, щ под ударением пишется буква ё, хотя и произносится о&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-08-22T20:07:43.360" LastActivityDate="2020-08-22T20:07:43.360" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22780" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22778" CreationDate="2020-08-22T20:50:56.047" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would write it as &lt;strong&gt;напряжометр&lt;/strong&gt; since &lt;strong&gt;-о-&lt;/strong&gt; is an interfix. Compare to &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;гальвано́метр&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%80#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;трапецо́эдр&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't quote me on this, but I believe interfixes should follow the same rules as endings and suffixes when it comes to о/ё.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-08-22T20:50:56.047" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22782" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22783" CreationDate="2020-08-25T09:19:57.797" Score="2" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &lt;code&gt;в тишине&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;в тишину&lt;/code&gt;? I know the first one is the prepositional singular of &lt;code&gt;тишина&lt;/code&gt;, and the second is the accusative singular of &lt;code&gt;тишина&lt;/code&gt;, but I don't really understand the different use cases.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This question arose from the lyrics from a song, specifically: &lt;code&gt;Она на полупальцах в тишину.&lt;/code&gt; Here I would have thought it should be &lt;code&gt;в тишине&lt;/code&gt;? Or is it because she is moving &lt;em&gt;towards&lt;/em&gt; silence, as opposed to in it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14609" LastActivityDate="2020-08-28T13:44:02.373" Title="Difference between &quot;в тишине&quot; and &quot;в тишину&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;винительный-падеж&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22783" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22782" CreationDate="2020-08-25T10:21:12.593" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your guess is correct. &amp;quot;В тишине&amp;quot; is being in a silence, while &amp;quot;в тишину&amp;quot; is a poetic expression (and you will hardly encounter it in a colloquial conversation, as well as «на полупальцах» by the way)- she went away into the silence. For instance, &amp;quot;он сидел в темноте и думал&amp;quot; - he was sitting in a dark place, while &amp;quot;он ушёл в темноту&amp;quot;  - he went away into the darkness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-08-25T18:02:46.107" LastActivityDate="2020-08-25T18:02:46.107" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22784" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22782" CreationDate="2020-08-25T14:45:57.383" Score="1" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;В чём? - В тишине.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Куда? - В тишину.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of whether the expression is used in a poetic sense or not, asking the above questions will help you define the correct spelling or reading of the written words&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8350" LastEditorUserId="8350" LastEditDate="2020-08-28T13:44:02.373" LastActivityDate="2020-08-28T13:44:02.373" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22785" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12671" CreationDate="2020-08-25T19:26:17.050" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово &amp;quot;пилот&amp;quot; применительно к обычному удлинителю-размножителю впервые услышал лишь в этом году.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При том, что я прекрасно помню времена, когда системы бесперебойного питания с сетевыми фильтрами Pilot продавались в магазинах. В конце 80х.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14948" LastActivityDate="2020-08-25T19:26:17.050" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22786" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22788" CreationDate="2020-08-26T20:01:52.873" Score="4" ViewCount="566" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across the sentence &lt;em&gt;«Какого цвета платье?»&lt;/em&gt; today. I would've assumed that «Какого цвета» would be in the nominative case and was confused to see this construction. Is there a grammatical rule/logic behind this, or is it just another case of &amp;quot;they just say it this way, so learn it&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12186" LastEditorUserId="12186" LastEditDate="2020-08-26T21:24:04.240" LastActivityDate="2020-08-28T10:05:38.230" Title="Why is «Какого цвета» in genitive case?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;родительный-падеж&gt;&lt;syntax&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22787" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22786" CreationDate="2020-08-26T21:18:37.773" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, the question about the color of the dress has at least 3 possible answers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;(1) Платье красное. ~ Красное платье.  &#xA;(2) Платье красного цвета. ~ Красного цвета платье.&#xA;(3) Цвет платья – красный. ~ Красный цвет платья.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now let us see how we construct a question to get an answer of type (1), and how we do it for types (2) and (3).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In (1) &lt;em&gt;красное&lt;/em&gt; is a Nominative case singular neuter gender qualitative adjective, so in our question we will need the question word &lt;em&gt;какой?&lt;/em&gt; in the same form (Nom. sg. n.) — &lt;em&gt;какое?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– &lt;em&gt;Какое&lt;/em&gt; платье?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;– &lt;em&gt;Красное&lt;/em&gt; платье.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, &lt;em&gt;какой?&lt;/em&gt; can stand for any kind of a qualitative adjective, not only for a color, but also for size, length, age, price, etc., which means that instead of an answer about the color of the dress we can well get answers about its other qualities, e. g. &lt;em&gt;Длинное платье. Новое платье. Красивое платье. Дорогое платье.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To make sure the answer will be exactly about the &lt;em&gt;color&lt;/em&gt; of the dress, we must use the word &lt;em&gt;цвет&lt;/em&gt; “color” in the question, which means type (2) answer will be expected. In (2), &lt;em&gt;красный цвет&lt;/em&gt; “red color” is an attribute of &lt;em&gt;платье&lt;/em&gt;, that is why the noun phrase &lt;em&gt;красного цвета&lt;/em&gt; is in the &lt;strong&gt;Genitive case&lt;/strong&gt;, in the case of an attribute. To make a question, &lt;em&gt;красного&lt;/em&gt; is substituted for &lt;em&gt;какой?&lt;/em&gt;, but this time in &lt;strong&gt;Gen&lt;/strong&gt;. sg. n. — &lt;em&gt;какого?&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;of what color&lt;/strong&gt; [is] dress?):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– &lt;em&gt;Какого цвета&lt;/em&gt; платье?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;– &lt;em&gt;Красного цвета&lt;/em&gt; платье.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Красное платье&lt;/em&gt; ~ &lt;em&gt;Платье красное&lt;/em&gt; (adjective in the Nom. case) can also be an answer to that question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When we need an answer of type (3), a questions about color can be asked with &lt;em&gt;какой цвет?&lt;/em&gt;, Nominative. This time &lt;em&gt;цвет&lt;/em&gt; is the head of the noun phrase and &lt;em&gt;платье&lt;/em&gt; is its attribute in Genitive (what [is] color &lt;strong&gt;of dress&lt;/strong&gt;?):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;– &lt;em&gt;Какой цвет&lt;/em&gt; платья?&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;– &lt;em&gt;Красный цвет&lt;/em&gt; платья.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Irrespective of which of the types you choose, you &lt;strong&gt;cannot&lt;/strong&gt; have both &lt;em&gt;какой цвет?&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;платье&lt;/em&gt; in the Nominative case, one of them has got to be put in Genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-08-26T21:48:38.263" LastActivityDate="2020-08-26T21:48:38.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22788" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22786" CreationDate="2020-08-27T06:45:07.250" Score="12" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nominative doesn't work for the same reason it doesn't work in this English statement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;*The dress is red colour.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But we can make it work using 'of':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The dress is of red colour.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know why English loses the 'of' when the statement is converted into a question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What colour is this dress?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other languages keep it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;De&lt;/strong&gt; quelle couleur est cette robe?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Di&lt;/strong&gt; che colore è questo vestito?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it's English that's the odd one out. Russian is logical. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-08-27T06:45:07.250" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22789" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22791" CreationDate="2020-08-27T00:11:41.323" Score="8" ViewCount="277" Body="&lt;p&gt;The church is near, but the road is icy.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The bar is far, but we will walk carefully.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this really an original Russian proverb and how sounds the Russian original version? Are there corresponding sayings in other languages?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The English text was declared as a translation from a Russian proverb and shared &lt;a href=&quot;https://cheezburger.com/8454268160/party-fail-russia-is-a-hell-of-a-place&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and on other websites.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://ask.metafilter.com/325021/Is-this-Russian-saying-Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;discussion&lt;/a&gt; that answers my questions not completely.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13017" OwnerDisplayName="granular bastard" LastActivityDate="2020-08-27T23:28:04.843" Title="Это русская пословица? &quot;The church is near, but the road is icy. The bar is far, but we will walk carefully.&quot;" Tags="&lt;пословицы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22790" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22789" CreationDate="2020-08-27T03:08:46.407" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Personally, I have never heard this proverb in the Russian version.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;But it is not difficult to make a translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хоть церковь близка, но дорога к ней скована льдом.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;А кабак далеко. Но мы осторожно пойдем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" OwnerDisplayName="Ivan Olshansky" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2020-08-27T23:28:04.843" LastActivityDate="2020-08-27T23:28:04.843" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22791" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22789" CreationDate="2020-08-27T05:43:59.453" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Хоть церковь и близко, да ходить склизко; а кабак далеконько, да хожу потихоньку.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The proverb is Russian and it is mentioned in the book by V. Dahl Russian Folk Proverbs (В. Даль. Пословицы русского народа). Thus the discussion (the last one) is correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning is the following. Though the church is nearby, we don't often go there. And the tavern is far away, but we go there every day.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Пословица действительно русская, упомянута в книге В. Даля &lt;em&gt;Пословицы русского народа.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" OwnerDisplayName="V.V." LastActivityDate="2020-08-27T07:09:43.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22792" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22793" CreationDate="2020-08-27T18:10:40.317" Score="8" ViewCount="1076" Body="&lt;p&gt;An unscratchable itch is an issue that is very important to a person, but which they cannot do anything about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What would a more or less close Russian equivalent (apart from &lt;em&gt;журавль в небе&lt;/em&gt;)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update 1:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example of usage in a sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;After miss X dumped him and married another guy, she became Y's unscratchable itch.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning: Y cannot be together with miss X, but he can also not forget her.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update 2:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In order to write a good screenplay, it must in one way or another be related to your unscratchable itch.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Meaning: A piece of art will only resonate with the audience, if its creator put their &amp;quot;soul&amp;quot; into it, i. e. made this work of art about something they care deeply about, but cannot change in real life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1640" LastEditorUserId="1640" LastEditDate="2020-08-27T20:27:25.743" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T09:51:01.657" Title="How to translate &quot;unscratchable itch&quot; to Russian?" Tags="&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="5" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22793" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22792" CreationDate="2020-08-27T21:40:21.650" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure &amp;quot;unscratchable itch&amp;quot; is something that applies equally well to both your examples, but if I were forced to use the same Russian idiom for both of them, I would go with &lt;em&gt;мысль … не даёт покоя&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мысль о мисс X не давала покоя Y с тех самых пор, как она бросила его и вышла за другого.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Чтобы сценарий вышел удачным, в нём так или иначе должно быть то, мысль о чём не даёт вам покоя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are couple more idioms related to this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;любимая мозоль&lt;/em&gt;, &amp;quot;pet peeve, some problem that you can't stop talking about once it's mentioned&amp;quot;. It's not an obsession but rather a conversation subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;больное место, больная тема&lt;/em&gt;, &amp;quot;sore spot, something you'd rather not talk about&amp;quot;. Unlike the previous one, that's something you'd rather not talk about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;идея фикс, идефикс&lt;/em&gt;, &amp;quot;pathological obsession with something&amp;quot;. It's not about the state of mind but rather some belief or plan, on which one can actually act.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;заноза в заднице, головная боль&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;pain in the ass, a permanent problem you can do little about&amp;quot;. Again, it's not about a state of mind but rather some usually definable external problem.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-08-28T15:05:26.643" LastActivityDate="2020-08-28T15:05:26.643" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22794" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22792" CreationDate="2020-08-27T22:44:32.440" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is also an idiom &lt;code&gt;сохнуть по кому-либо&lt;/code&gt; meaning to love somebody &amp;quot;from the distance&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она бросила его и вышла замуж за другого, а он по ней всё ещё сохнет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastEditorUserId="2079" LastEditDate="2020-08-27T23:12:38.327" LastActivityDate="2020-08-27T23:12:38.327" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22795" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22789" CreationDate="2020-08-27T23:12:01.987" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most modern Russians don't know this proverb from Dahl's book. Its shorter form &amp;quot;(хоть) церковь близко, да ходить склизко&amp;quot; is occasionally used.  In this form it often means that the church is bad (e.g. priests are sinful or hypocritial etc.) Sometimes it means that people do not want to go to a church.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other cases, it is presented as &amp;quot;Кабак далеко, да ходить легко, а церковь близко, да ходить склизко&amp;quot; or similar. This is how Pushkin wrote it in one of his papers. In this way, it means that vice is more attractive than virtue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2020-08-27T23:12:01.987" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22796" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12671" CreationDate="2020-08-28T06:34:10.553" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Прямо скажем, у нас нет единого устоявшегося слова для этой штуки. Я бы назвал это &lt;em&gt;пилот&lt;/em&gt; или &lt;em&gt;удлинитель&lt;/em&gt;. Но конкретно изображённую штуку назвать &lt;em&gt;пилотом&lt;/em&gt; мне мешает отсутствие красного выключателя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Выбор слова ещё, похоже, зависит от требуемой функции. Например, если мне нужно получить дополнительную розетку, я могу назвать это и «тройник» (понимая, что звучать будет глуповато). А если мне скорее нужно &lt;em&gt;удлинить&lt;/em&gt;, я скажу, что мне нужен «удлинитель», имея в виду одно и то же устройство.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastActivityDate="2020-08-28T06:34:10.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22797" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22786" CreationDate="2020-08-28T06:51:44.017" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sergey Slepov's answer is correct (though I'm not agree with languages weird-shaming).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note also that Russian doesn't use the verb &lt;strong&gt;have&lt;/strong&gt; too much.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So this construction is less usual for Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dress &lt;strong&gt;has&lt;/strong&gt; this color. &lt;code&gt;ACC&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this one is more usual:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dress &lt;strong&gt;is of&lt;/strong&gt; this color. &lt;code&gt;GEN&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And that's why the question is also in &lt;code&gt;GEN&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastEditorUserId="1958" LastEditDate="2020-08-28T10:05:38.230" LastActivityDate="2020-08-28T10:05:38.230" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22798" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14068" CreationDate="2020-08-30T19:03:19.877" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Ние (нье)  or Тие (тье) they're formed with Past passive participle of the perfective verbs, if the past passive participle of the verb  ends in &amp;quot;нный&amp;quot;, the verb noun is ние, if the past passive participle of the verb ends in &amp;quot;тый&amp;quot;, the verb noun is тие, examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Простить / прощённый / прощение&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Описать / описанный / описание&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Открыть / открытый / открытие, and so on.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of them &amp;quot;ние / тие&amp;quot; decline as nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14965" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2020-08-31T00:25:35.907" LastActivityDate="2020-08-31T00:25:35.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22799" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-08-31T13:21:12.537" Score="4" ViewCount="188" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я на днях читал Грибоедовскую комедию 'горе от ума' и наткнулся на довольно странную грамматическую конструкцию:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ты знаешь ли об Чацком?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эта строка меня поразила по двум причинам. Первая из них та, что в этом предложении вторым словом не является частица &lt;em&gt;ли&lt;/em&gt;, как обычно бывает. А второй, более поразительной из двух, является то, что употребляется предлог &lt;em&gt;об&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Согласно правилам русского языка предлог &lt;em&gt;об&lt;/em&gt; должно предшествовать всем начинающимся со гласного звука словам при употреблении в предложном падеже, в отличие от употребления &lt;em&gt;об&lt;/em&gt; в винительном падеже, причём использование о/об относительно сложно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кто-нибудь может объяснить мне это употребление предлога &lt;em&gt;об&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я предполагаю, что тут употребляется &lt;em&gt;об&lt;/em&gt; то ли ради метра, то ли ради рифмы. В любом случае мне интересно узнать, было ли такое использование  приемлемо в прошлом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14973" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2020-09-07T21:55:27.570" LastActivityDate="2020-09-07T21:55:27.570" Title="Why &quot;об Чацком&quot;, not &quot;о Чацком&quot;" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22800" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22799" CreationDate="2020-08-31T14:10:47.267" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Было приемлемо и в данном случае не вызвано метрической необходимостью.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, we are talking about poetry, and in Russian poetry this kind of slight modification can be made just because author considered that it would sound nicer, rhythmically or in some other sense nicer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, we are talking here about a piece of text written in the first half of XIX century and Russian, of course, through that period of time went through some changes. You just can not take modern set of rules and apply them to a text written almost two hundred years ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not the only place in &amp;quot;Горе от ума&amp;quot; where &amp;quot;об&amp;quot; is used where modern speaker would rather expect just &amp;quot;о&amp;quot;. Here's incomplete list of similar quotes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Уж об твоем ли не радели&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Об воспитаньи! с колыбели!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вот об себе задумал он высоко...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Об Софье Павловне: быть может, нездорова?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Стучали об пол не жалея!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я не об дядюшке об вашем говорю;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the majority of cases modern Russian speaker indeed would have used &amp;quot;o&amp;quot; but actually even modern speaker in some cases can use &amp;quot;об&amp;quot; with consonant + Prepositional. It can be either an attempt to add some comical effect (like in &amp;quot;об чём тут говорить&amp;quot;) or just a regular colloquial usage (like in &amp;quot;об наследстве&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;об вещах&amp;quot;). Even nowadays this list is quite long, and in XIX century set of de-facto acceptable &amp;quot;об&amp;quot;-usages was just bigger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pushkin used such form (&amp;quot;Об ней жалели в доме все&amp;quot;), Толстой used it (&amp;quot;он и не думал об Жюли&amp;quot;), Достоевский used it (&amp;quot;моё дело только об вас доложить&amp;quot;), Куприн used it (&amp;quot;сердце Аларина крепко и болезненно билось об грудную клетку) and I can go on and on. In fact, had someone payed me a penny for each example I provide - today I'd be able to have quite a good lunch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-08-31T14:31:09.413" LastActivityDate="2020-08-31T14:31:09.413" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22801" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22764" CreationDate="2020-08-31T15:45:43.227" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is only tangentially related to your question, but I think the meanings of the expressions are different in English and Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English, dotting your i's and crossing your t's means putting the finishing touches on something, finalizing some small details. These finishing touches might not be truly essential, and the result might be still be satisfactory enough without them. Maybe you're a lawyer preparing to argue a case, and you want to make sure that your reasoning is rock solid. You want to make sure you didn't miss or overlook anything.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, it seems to me that in Russian, putting the dots above the i's often refers to figuring out some very important missing details, as in the final piece of a puzzle falling into place, maybe pursuing an investigation to its final conclusion and getting to the bottom of a mystery. Establishing the full truth and achieving closure. For instance, an important new archaeological discovery might help historians &amp;quot;put the dots above the i's&amp;quot; regarding our knowledge about some ancient civilization.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6349" LastActivityDate="2020-08-31T15:45:43.227" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22802" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22805" CreationDate="2020-08-31T16:02:54.493" Score="5" ViewCount="271" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard many times phrases like &amp;quot;Смотри у меня&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Смотри мне&amp;quot;. As I understand  they communicate a warning to a person, like &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?q=%22i+am+watching+you%22&amp;amp;tbm=isch&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;I am watching you&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;, however their literal meaning is confusing. Please explain what makes them grammatically correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2020-08-31T16:20:04.050" LastActivityDate="2020-09-04T11:59:56.850" Title="Literal meaning of: смотри у меня, смотри мне" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22804" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22802" CreationDate="2020-08-31T16:38:07.553" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's something like &amp;quot;you'd [better] watch it&amp;quot; in English. It's indeed a warning that might even sound as a threat. You are asking about what justifies using of &amp;quot;у меня&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;мне&amp;quot; and, well, you can think of &amp;quot;смотри мне&amp;quot; as a short form of something like &amp;quot;смотри не натвори мне глупостей&amp;quot; and about &amp;quot;смотри у меня&amp;quot; you can think of as a short form of something like &amp;quot;смотри, будь у меня осторожным&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This, of course, might seem to be just a сheap trick, since it looks like it doesn't answer the question, because we still can ask &amp;quot;but what &lt;code&gt;мне&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;у меня&lt;/code&gt; means in this context&amp;quot;? However if we will now try to translate both expressions this can give you a hint.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;у меня&amp;quot; is roughly an equivalent to &amp;quot;I got&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like in phrases &amp;quot;у меня есть машина&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;у меня зазвонил телефон&amp;quot;. So you can think of &amp;quot;смотри мне&amp;quot; as of shortened form of &amp;quot;look not to got me into trouble&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;мне&amp;quot; is roughly an equivalent to &amp;quot;me&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like in &amp;quot;не досаждай мне&amp;quot;, so you can think of &amp;quot;смотри мне&amp;quot; as of something like &amp;quot;look not to cause me troubles&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But! I was saying this here, on Russian SE dozens of time and I will repeat it now - just learn the phrases as they are, just accept them the way they are used as if it was an atomic, non-divisible entity. May be at some point in time you'll start to see things deeper, understanding what &amp;quot;будучи&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;будучи уверенным&amp;quot; means, or &amp;quot;мне&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;тоже мне&amp;quot; - but in my experience at first you just need to memorize.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2020-09-01T21:17:37.983" LastActivityDate="2020-09-01T21:17:37.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22805" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22802" CreationDate="2020-08-31T18:05:18.833" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is so called &lt;em&gt;дательный риторический&lt;/em&gt; (rhetorical dative) or &lt;em&gt;дательный экспрессивный&lt;/em&gt; (expressive dative) which is paralleled by the Latin &lt;em&gt;dativus ethicus&lt;/em&gt; (ethic dative).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically, one of the dative's functions was to emphasise personal interest or involvement:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что ми шумить, что ми звенить давечя рано предъ зорями? // What noise is that (I wonder), what peal is that (I wonder), just now early before the dawn?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It was widely used in Latin and Ancient Greek, as well as Old Russian, but there is no direct parallel in English for that construct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you squint hard enough, this is somewhat close to the English rhetoric construct in &amp;quot;We're almost there, soldier. Do you think you could stay awake another five minutes for me?&amp;quot;, when it's not necessarily being done for you, but this is how you express your involvement in the process.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This usage is fossilized in several Russian expressions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пойду-ка я себе домой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тоже мне герой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Здесь вам не равнина&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another one of dative's functions was expressing possession, and some of the ethic dative expressions in Russian have since been modelled using a Russian way to express possession: the proximal possession using &lt;em&gt;у&lt;/em&gt; plus the genitive:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кто это тут у нас? // Who's there?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он у нас чемпион // He's a champion&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты у меня не спи // Don't you sleep&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All those sentences emphasize somewhat condescending interest or affection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-08-31T18:21:19.577" LastActivityDate="2020-08-31T18:21:19.577" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22806" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22802" CreationDate="2020-09-01T10:36:06.007" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Смотри мне (у меня), смотрите мне (у меня)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Малый академичесаий словарь determines it as an interjection ( &lt;strong&gt;imperative interjection&lt;/strong&gt;) which derived from the verb ( смотреть) Imperative interjections express wills, orders, warnings, threats ,etc. (Розенталь).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Смотрите, не опоздайте! (warning) Смотри у меня! (Threat) .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past interjections were often used with personal pronouns in the dative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;увы &lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt; грешному, ох &lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt; скверному&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;како суть прельщени; увы &lt;strong&gt;нам&lt;/strong&gt;; увы &lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The remnants of this can be seen in folklore, so it was an ordinary thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ахти &lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt; горевати; охти &lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt; моло­ды , ах &lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt;; исполать &lt;strong&gt;тебе&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the meaning is approximately the following: (у меня , мне is a person who expresses his wish)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Behave yourself, I warn you, otherwise... Смотри мне (у меня).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-09-01T10:36:06.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22808" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22809" CreationDate="2020-09-04T16:18:45.497" Score="2" ViewCount="359" Body="&lt;p&gt;Мой брат частенько использует эту фразу &lt;em&gt;постесняюсь спросить&lt;/em&gt;, как вступительные слова к какой-нибудь свойственной ему скабрезной шутке, произнося её именно так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;постесняюсь спросить&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разве не было бы &amp;quot;правильно&amp;quot; говорить что-то типа &lt;strong&gt;не постесняюсь&lt;/strong&gt; или может быть даже &lt;strong&gt;стесняясь спросить&lt;/strong&gt; ? Как правильно? И если есть какая-то этимология, то откуда вообще оно пошло? Можно ли считать эту фразу словами-паразитами?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8350" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-09-04T17:35:08.920" LastActivityDate="2020-10-17T18:03:05.407" Title="&quot;Постесняюсь спросить&quot; и &quot;не постесняюсь спросить&quot;" Tags="&lt;фраза&gt;&lt;слова-паразиты&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22809" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22808" CreationDate="2020-09-04T17:32:15.023" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Постесняюсь спросить&amp;quot; (образованное от &amp;quot;стесняюсь спросить&amp;quot;) устойчивое выражение, по факту действительно употребляемое на равне с &amp;quot;не постесняюсь спросить&amp;quot; и зачастую эти два выражения взаимозаменяемы. Но я бы не торопился делать вывод, что первое получилось усечением второго, скорее это &amp;quot;не постесняюсь спросить&amp;quot; логическое развитее изначального &amp;quot;стесняюсь спросить&amp;quot;, образованное по типу &amp;quot;да не убоюсь&amp;quot; - да не постесняюсь я спросить :).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подразумевается, что человек робеет, но всё-таки осмеливается и задаёт вопрос. В большинстве случае фраза несёт иронический оттенок, как в &amp;quot;стесняюсь спросить, куда это ты намылился, не сделав домашнюю работу&amp;quot;. Спорить со словоупотреблением и говорить, что если стесняется, то чего ж спрашивает - так же продуктивно, как спорить, почему говорят &amp;quot;таблетки от головы&amp;quot;, когда ясное же дело, что не от головы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я тот ещё авторитетный источник, но лично мне известно очень мало случаев использования обоих этих словосочетаний в досоветской периодике и литературе - буквально по пальцам руки пересчитать. Но даже если я ошибаюсь, и даже если так говорили и в XIX веке, то всё равно берусь утверждать, что пик словоупотребления пришёлся на советское и постсоветское время.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Стесняясь спросить&amp;quot; - так никто от первого лица не говорит.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну и что касается считать ли эту фразу словом-паразитом. Тут надо дать строгое определение того, что считается словом-паразитом. Ввиду отсутствия такого определения у вас, дам своё, созвучное &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;данному в википедии&lt;/a&gt;: слова-паразиты - это слова, употребляемые в предложении, но не несущие в данном контексте смысловой нагрузки. Их можно выкинуть из предложения без потери или изменения информационной ценности предложения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Кстати, из той же статьи можно узнать, что, вообще говоря, это дискуссионный вопрос, действительно ли такие слова не несут никакой нагрузки и не имеют никакой функции.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В узком смысле &amp;quot;стесняюсь спросить&amp;quot; точно не слово-паразит, всё-таки ставить это словосочетания в один ряд с &amp;quot;это самое&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;эээ&amp;quot; или &amp;quot;ммм&amp;quot; было бы натяжкой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В широком - ну, давайте попробуем сравнить две фразы:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Стесняюсь спросить, а как вы познакомились?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;А как вы познакомились?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эквивалентны ли эти фразы? На мой взгляд нет, не эквивалентны. Но это, разумеется, вопрос метрики.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну и напоследок добавлю картинку - представьте, ту же картинку, но с подписью без &amp;quot;слов-паразитов&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CmAoq.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/CmAoq.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-09-04T17:47:56.863" LastActivityDate="2020-09-04T17:47:56.863" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22811" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22792" CreationDate="2020-09-04T22:31:51.900" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like to use the word &lt;code&gt;мечта&lt;/code&gt; with some adjective here. Not sure if it's possible to use the same adjective for all phrases, but seems like &lt;code&gt;заветная&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;несбыточная&lt;/code&gt; fits better. At least for the meaning I understood from your question (I haven't met this idiom before). Заветная is aimed on importance when несбыточная is about unreachability - you have to choose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also like the word &lt;code&gt;одержимость&lt;/code&gt; but it will require to rephrase the whole sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, Google translates it as &lt;code&gt;непреодолимый зуд&lt;/code&gt; - it's nice to show одержимость, and I suppose it's a good translation in general, but it's difficult to put it into your examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And now, some translations. Ones I liked the most are marked bold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;После того, как мисс Икс вышла замуж за другого, она стала для Игрека заветной мечтой.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Фраза подчёркивает, что Игрек стал ценить её после (а точнее в следствие) того, как она вышла замуж - возможно, он её до этого не особо замечал, а тут это произошло и его отношение изменилось.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;После того, как мисс Икс вышла замуж за другого, Игрек стал одержим ей.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как предыдущий вариант, но меньше делает акцент на отношении до замужества, и сильно выражает, что он стал постоянно о ней думать после.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;После того, как мисс Икс вышла замуж за другого, она стала для Игрека несбыточной мечтой.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В отличие от предыдущих не делается акцент на изменении отношения. По-прежнему выражает ценность для него, но может говорить не об изменении отношения, а об изменении статуса - до замужества было возможно, что они будут вместе, а после - уже нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Для написания хорошего сценария надо, чтобы он так или иначе касался твоей мечты.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вроде бы звучит хорошо, подчёркивает, что это что-то, что тебя волнует, о чём ты думаешь. Но есть существенный недостаток - выражает позитивную направленность и ценность, тогда как оригинальная версия говорит просто о мыслях и раздумьях, а значит автоматически включает и возможность зацикливаться на проблемах.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Для написания хорошего сценария надо, чтобы он так или иначе касался твоих забот.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Попытка исправить недостаток прошлой версии, честно говоря, не очень удачная. Хотя слово &amp;quot;заботы&amp;quot; и может использоваться в обоих смыслах (хотя я не уверен, насколько это распространено), оно не подчёркивает раздумья. И вообще фраза становится менее выразительна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Для написания хорошего сценария надо, чтобы он так или иначе касался того, о чём ты постоянно думаешь.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Более корректная с точки зрения смысла фраза, но менее красивая и более размытая.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Для написания хорошего сценария надо, чтобы ты был одержим им.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подчёркивается актуальность и некая зацикленность на идее, и при этом абсолютно ничего нет про её положительность или отрицательность. Мне сложно вставить сюда выделение некой части сценария и получается одержимость сценарием в целом (в том числе не сюжетом, а самим написанием) вместо какой-то идеи в рамках сценария.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Для написания хорошего сценария надо, чтобы ты был одержим его сюжетом.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Попытка исправить недостаток прошлой версии, но он лишь уменьшился - теперь исключена одержимость написанием как таковым, но сохраняется одержимость сюжетом в целом вместо акцента на деталях или идее. Можно было бы заменить &amp;quot;его сюжетом&amp;quot; на &amp;quot;чем-то из него&amp;quot;, но тогда выразительность фразы падает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Для написания хорошего сценария надо, чтобы от у тебя от него прям зудело.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Более красивая версия прошлой фразы. Кстати, по сути это модификация варианта &amp;quot;непреодолимый зуд&amp;quot; от Гугла. По идее &amp;quot;от него&amp;quot; вместо &amp;quot;от этого&amp;quot; по-прежнему ставит акцент на сценарий, а не его написание, хотя более неявно. Проблема с неуказанием идеи сохраняется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Для написания хорошего сценария надо взять в него что-то такое, от чего у тебя прям зудит.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне кажется, такая формулировка в наилучшей степени отражает смысл фразы - по-прежнему подчёркивается актуальность, а также говорится о том, что зацикленность должна быть не на самом сценарии, а на том, о чём он - что в нём должна быть некая сюжетная линия, которая для тебя важна, о которой ты постоянно думаешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Для написания хорошего сценария надо чтобы он был о наболевшем.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это версия на основе идеи из комментария &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/1236/yellow-sky&quot;&gt;@YellowSky&lt;/a&gt;. Она красивая, подчёркивает актуальность и сюжетную линию, но в противовес варианту с мечтой больше склоняет в негативную сторону. Кстати, с мечтой можно сформулировать аналогично &amp;quot;чтобы он был о твоей мечте&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Для написания хорошего сценария надо чтобы он был о наболевшем... Ну или о мечте.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Для написания хорошего сценария надо чтобы он был о наболевшем... Ну или о мечте...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Этот выставляет мечту и наболевшее в неравном свете, что на мой взгляд нехорошо. Кстати, в каком именно, будет зависеть от интонации - если вторую часть сказать пренебрежительно (скорее всего на письме будет выражаться точкой в конце), то получится, что надо о наболевшем, но сойдёт и о мечте. Если сказать вторую часть мечтательно (закончить многоточием), то будет &amp;quot;хотелось бы о мечте, но скорее всего придётся о наболевшем&amp;quot;. Как красиво скомбинировать их в одну фразу так, чтобы они были равноправны, я не знаю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS: Надеюсь, это было полезно :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5385" LastEditorUserId="5385" LastEditDate="2020-09-04T22:55:33.637" LastActivityDate="2020-09-04T22:55:33.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22814" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22815" CreationDate="2020-09-10T13:23:49.977" Score="2" ViewCount="306" Body="&lt;p&gt;A Russian language exchange partner of mine boasted that unlike words in the English language, Russian words are spelt and pronounced basically the same. In response, I asked him about Арбатская and Орбацкая, pointing out that these so differently looking words must have exactly the same pronunciation. He got confused and said that Орбацкая is a non-existing word. Yet, typing it in VK, a Russian social network, I found a Russian girl with that surname, Орбацкая, and showed it to my language exchange partner. He then mumbled that I wasn't quite right about Арбатская and Орбацкая being pronounced exactly the same, and changed the topic. For the sake of politeness, I didn't press him to elaborate, but I'm curious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are Арбатская and Орбацкая pronounced exactly the same? If they aren't, what's the difference? Let's suppose Даша Орбацкая calls an hotel and says in Russian, &amp;quot;Hi, I want to book a room, my name is Даша Орбацкая.&amp;quot; Hearing this, will the receptionist write down the surname correctly?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-09-10T14:15:02.277" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T12:42:31.643" Title="Do Russians pronounce &quot;Арбатская&quot; and &quot;Орбацкая&quot; the same?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;фонетика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22815" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22814" CreationDate="2020-09-10T13:49:12.970" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;They can be pronounced identically or they can be not. Unstressed &amp;quot;o&amp;quot; is pronounced as &amp;quot;a&amp;quot;, however &amp;quot;цк&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;тск&amp;quot; by many speakers are pronounced differently even if pronounced quickly. Compare existing &amp;quot;скотский&amp;quot; and made up &amp;quot;скоцкий&amp;quot; - if while pronouncing these two words you don't hear the actual difference - which I have to admit is very subtle in the majority of cases - then we need to work a bit on your &amp;quot;ц&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed, if one will pronounce тс quickly enough &lt;code&gt;ц&lt;/code&gt; often can be heard (that's why it's jokingly &lt;code&gt;аццкий сотона&lt;/code&gt; instead of &amp;quot;адский сатана&amp;quot;). The opposite is not true however - it doesn't matter how slow you will pronounce &amp;quot;цапля&amp;quot; - first sound still won't become &amp;quot;тс&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is that &lt;code&gt;ц&lt;/code&gt; - which is by the way very similar to the /ts/ part of Japanese ツ - stands for a phoneme which is not just a &amp;quot;тс&amp;quot; pronounced quickly, don't be put off by the fact that that phoneme is usually represented as /ts/. In fact, it's more common to write t͡s and the sign above sort of says that this sound is inseparable, indivisible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And by that I mean that it's not pronounced as two phonemes in any scenario. Imagine pronouncing hot-spot quickly - you will get exactly Russian &amp;quot;тс&amp;quot; but you won't get &amp;quot;ц&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Speaking of specifically Орбацкий/Арбатский - to my knowledge there was such spelling for &amp;quot;Арбатские ворота&amp;quot; (Орбацкие ворота). The alternative spelling for Арбат was &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82#%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Орбат&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;. As of scenario with calling to the reception - like anyone with unstressed O in their last name she'll have to spell it out, most likely she will say something like &amp;quot;Орбацкая&amp;quot; - первая &amp;quot;o&amp;quot;, дальше [slowly] - &amp;quot;рба-ц-кая&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-09-10T18:07:39.633" LastActivityDate="2020-09-10T18:07:39.633" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22816" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20051" CreationDate="2020-09-12T15:19:36.543" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I first met 'Орать' and 'Орнуть' used as a substitute to 'to laugh' by a person form city of Omsk (Siberia) in the early 2000s, way before internet culture grew on Russia's youth. Nowadays it's much more common though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15003" LastActivityDate="2020-09-12T15:19:36.543" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22817" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20051" CreationDate="2020-09-13T08:17:11.073" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Used in Ukraine also since early 2000s in the meaning of laughter and I want to specify that it is not necessarily a sudden short laugh -  it is used in a wider semantic range of a word laugh. Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;- Ору с него&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Means that the speaker thinks someone's behavior is funny.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;- Рассказали вчера анекдот - я так проорался&lt;/em&gt;   means:  They told a joke yesterday - I was so loud&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As mentioned in the comments, it does sound somewhat vulgar when told by a young girl.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8350" LastActivityDate="2020-09-13T08:17:11.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22818" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-13T17:29:44.623" Score="9" ViewCount="2240" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm translating an English text into Russian and got stuck trying to find a Russian word for &amp;quot;close-minded.&amp;quot; None came to my mind, so I looked in Reverso and I saw the following translation variants:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ограниченный&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;закоснелый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;недалекий&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;узколобый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;не великого ума&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;косный&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not a native Russian speaker, but I dare say I feel none of these variants hits the bull's eye. For instance, &lt;strong&gt;ограниченный&lt;/strong&gt; is rather &lt;em&gt;limited&lt;/em&gt; and is thus about having limited knowledge or being a shallow thinker rather than specifically about being unable to think out of the box. &lt;strong&gt;Закоснелый&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;defined&lt;/a&gt; as someone who lost his ability to change his views and habits and learn new things, usually as a result of getting too mature, so it's about losing the ability to evolve in general. You can't call a close-minded, non-creative youngster &lt;strong&gt;закоснелый&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Недалекий&lt;/strong&gt; is more like &lt;em&gt;simpleton&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;short-sighted&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Узколобый&lt;/strong&gt; is an insult literally meaning &lt;em&gt;narrow-foreheaded&lt;/em&gt; and referring to a lack of intellect in the most general sense. &lt;strong&gt;Не великого ума&lt;/strong&gt; is &lt;em&gt;not a great thinker&lt;/em&gt;. I'm unsure about &lt;strong&gt;косный&lt;/strong&gt;, but it seems to be a rather archaic word whose meaning is something like &lt;em&gt;lazy to evolve&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to tackle the problem from the opposite end, so I looked in Reverso to see translations of &lt;em&gt;open-minded&lt;/em&gt;, but all I found was &lt;strong&gt;открытый&lt;/strong&gt; (open), &lt;strong&gt;непредвзятый&lt;/strong&gt; (unbiased or unprejudiced), and &lt;strong&gt;широких взглядов&lt;/strong&gt; (of widely developed views).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast to all Russian words listed above, &lt;em&gt;open-minded&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;close-minded&lt;/em&gt; are specifically about willingness, or a lack thereof, to consider and generate new ideas and think out of the box, so Reverso creates an impression, perhaps a wrong one, that Russian doesn't have words to specifically describe that particular dimension of the intellectual capacity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Giving the problem a bit of more thought, I got especially curious because open-mindededness seems to have never been encouraged in Russia - neither under Communist rule nor in Tsarist Russia. Indeed, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu/newsletters/authentichappinesscoaching/open-mindedness&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;one of the definitions&lt;/a&gt; of open-mindedness is &amp;quot;the willingness to search actively for evidence against one's favored beliefs, plans, or goals, and to weigh such evidence fairly when it is available.&amp;quot; This is something that dictatorship regimes tend to strongly discourage, so I'm curious whether the Russian language developed any positive terms for open-mindedness despite the Russian history.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there specific Russian words for &amp;quot;close-minded&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;open-minded&amp;quot;? I'm very much curious to read what native speakers have to say about the matter and, in particular, about my attempts to analyze what I saw in Reverso.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: The sentence is: &amp;quot;Why well-informed people are also close-minded.&amp;quot; It's actually the title of the article I'm translating. The full English text of the article is available &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2013/04/18/commentary/world-commentary/why-well-informed-people-are-also-close-minded/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. My translation of the title is, &amp;quot;Почему те, кто много знают, при этом ... ,&amp;quot; where I need to replace the ellipsis by a Russian word or expression for &amp;quot;close-minded.&amp;quot; Given that it's a title, I need a very precise and clear translation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2020-09-14T11:48:09.043" LastActivityDate="2020-09-30T18:09:15.200" Title="Are there Russian words for &quot;close-minded&quot; and &quot;open-minded&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="10" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22819" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22818" CreationDate="2020-09-13T19:35:07.177" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think you might be looking for &lt;em&gt;широкий взгляд&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;узкий взгляд&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вроде бы женщины в своих суждениях о морали придерживались более широких взглядов, чем мужчины, но до конца это не доказано.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;…а владелец «Пенатов», несмотря на его наскоки на футуризм, (показался) — человеком достаточно широких взглядов, способным преодолевать предрассудки поколения и школы.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Но у него был свой, узкий взгляд человека науки на чистое искусство, и потому он иногда попадал в досадный просак и возбуждал обидные насмешки в печати.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;…публицистическая мысль его, стесненная ограниченными формулами, подсказанными узким взглядом на жизнь, бессильна перед величием этих вопросов.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As adjectival phrases, those would be &lt;em&gt;широких взглядов&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;узких взглядов&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Филистерами назывались вообще люди узких взглядов, косных убеждений // Closed-minded, indoctrinated people in general were called philistines&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как человек широких взглядов, он не мог обойти вопросов текущей политики. // As an open-minded person, he could not avoid the topics of current politics&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Concerning your example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why well-informed people are also close-minded&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, I would translate it this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему багаж знаний влечёт узость мышления&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I could probably come up with a more literal translation, something like &lt;em&gt;почему те, кто хорошо осведомлены, смотрят на вещи узко&lt;/em&gt; or something along those lines.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But all Russian expressions I could think of don't line up as well as English ones and would make a bad headline.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-09-14T12:43:55.640" LastActivityDate="2020-09-14T12:43:55.640" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22820" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22818" CreationDate="2020-09-14T11:18:17.737" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, &amp;quot;зашоренный&amp;quot; is a good candidate for close-minded in some cases. Here's definition and example from wiktionary:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;разг. состояние по значению прил. зашоренный; ограниченность восприятия&lt;/strong&gt; ◆ В актере, которого нам предлагали, он не видел ничего высокого, никакой художественной перспективы, ничего достойного для себя. Меня тогда удивила и расстроила эта зашоренность.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Correspondingly, there's also &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;незашоренный&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Отличающийся широким, не ограниченным чем-либо восприятием&#xA;действительности.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Like in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При этом те, кто занимается этим проектом, организаторы и участники, —&#xA;совершенно не консервативны, это современные, продвинутые, открытые&#xA;миру, незашоренные люди.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-09-14T11:18:17.737" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22821" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22818" CreationDate="2020-09-14T12:37:03.510" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;The most important lesson may be for those who receive political information. Sure, it is important to consider the source, but the content matters, as well. Our favorite messengers are sometimes wrong and our least favorite messengers are sometimes right. It’s sometimes worthwhile to pay a lot more attention to what is being said, and a lot less to the identity of the person who is saying it.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The article says:the less you know about the source of the statement, the more you pay attention to the essence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Having read the article,I got a true impression that the context always rules. So no matter what meanings you find in dictionaries, first see the text, especially when you translate its headline.&#xA;The headline is the following.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why well-informed people are also close-minded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Почему хорошо информированные/осведомленные люди необъективны&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2020-09-14T14:04:13.640" LastActivityDate="2020-09-14T14:04:13.640" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22822" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22818" CreationDate="2020-09-14T13:05:51.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately due to the fact, that I've just signed up to stackexchange, I can't comment, so I'll answer these questions here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Почему те, кто много знают, при этом зашорены&amp;quot;?&#xA;Word &amp;quot;зашорены&amp;quot; is a vulgarism with a negative connotation and it's better to avoid it in articles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Почему те, кто много знают - узких взглядов&amp;quot;&#xA;Grammatically it's correct, but it means that ALL informed people are close-minded. Generally. If it is what you wanted to say, then it's fine.&#xA;I'd rather say &amp;quot;Почему осведомлённость может быть причиной узких взглядов?&amp;quot;, though. It sounds more correct since we use &amp;quot;может быть причиной&amp;quot;, thus making the header less yellow. If looks too long this way, maybe try &amp;quot;Почему осведомлённость -- причина узких взглядов?&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Anyway &amp;quot;осведомлённость&amp;quot; sounds much better than &amp;quot;много знают&amp;quot;, exactly as &amp;quot;well informed&amp;quot; sounds better than &amp;quot;those who knows a lot&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15007" LastEditorUserId="15007" LastEditDate="2020-09-14T13:11:09.013" LastActivityDate="2020-09-14T13:11:09.013" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22823" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22830" CreationDate="2020-09-14T14:13:50.480" Score="1" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe Russian uses ordinal indicators (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th ... 100th) like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1-й&#xA;2-й&#xA;3-й&#xA;4-й&#xA;5-й&#xA;10-е&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What are the rules for assigning the suffix?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12660" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-09-15T22:52:33.000" LastActivityDate="2020-10-31T18:02:53.780" Title="What are the rules for Russian ordinal indicators?" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22824" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22818" CreationDate="2020-09-14T14:33:47.040" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not fully understand the article (who is Palin?) but the topic seems to be about how people are biased in their politic opinions. I refuse ever again talk to my mom about politics, because, well, I don't listen to her and she to mine arguments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why well-informed people are also close-minded.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That title doesn't translate well into Russian. It sounds very good with узколобые (aka stupid), because usually that word is used in context, so it's политически узколобые, but as you already know it's quite offensive/rude.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'd translate it as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему хорошо осведомленные люди предвзяты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4627" LastActivityDate="2020-09-14T14:33:47.040" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22825" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22818" CreationDate="2020-09-14T23:43:14.193" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Why well-informed people are also close-minded.&amp;quot;&#xA;well duh isn't it self-explanatory? if my education and experience tell me that rain falls from the sky why would I be &lt;em&gt;open-minded&lt;/em&gt; to some dodgy character telling me that rain falls from the ground?&#xA;actually the very idea that close-minded is bad and open-minded is good is a close-minded idea itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;open-mindededness seems to have never been encouraged in Russia&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;well duh the word &lt;em&gt;close-minded&lt;/em&gt; didn't exist in English either until very recently - &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?corpus=26&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2019&amp;amp;content=close-minded&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2Cclose%20-%20minded%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Cclose%20-%20minded%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;check this link for proofs&lt;/a&gt; - it was created late in the 20th century by the very people who pay you to translate their propaganda articles&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;neither under Communist rule&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;oh wow pure gold. the very Communist rule itself is a product of hardcore open-mindedness&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as for you question: you don't have to translate a title word-for-word, literally. free example for your &lt;em&gt;inspiration&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;motivation&lt;/em&gt;: check how the movie title &lt;em&gt;Die Hard&lt;/em&gt; was translated into Russian&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15010" LastEditorUserId="15010" LastEditDate="2020-09-14T23:48:45.230" LastActivityDate="2020-09-14T23:48:45.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22826" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22818" CreationDate="2020-09-15T06:33:01.590" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;拝啓光子様、&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most of the time, people will read just the headline - make it count.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let us focus on the purpose of the translation.  This purpose should shape the words that you choose.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is this a 'one-for-one' literal translation?  Probably not, that would be too mechanical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With which epoch would the ideas expressed in the article fit best?  You can borrow the words from the articles from that epoch.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you want to express your own opinion, ever so slightly, when translating?  A translator is a competitor to the writer.  They have the chance to do 'one better' than the author, albeit in a different language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you agree with the main premise of the article?  Your translation will be different depending on whether you agree or disagree with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would distance myself away from the opinion of the author:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A. &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Точка зрения: те, кто много знают - узких взглядов&amp;quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;B. &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Мнение: те, кто много знают - узких взглядов&amp;quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that I have removed the &amp;quot;почему&amp;quot; question - when present, the word &amp;quot;почему&amp;quot; introduces a favorable bias to the main premise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can simplify the wording, but this will remove the charm of your translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Мнение эксперта: кто много знаeт - тот необъективен&amp;quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Мнение эксперта: эксперты необъективны&amp;quot;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or even:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Эксперты необъективны, - считает эксперт&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;敬具、ゑ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastActivityDate="2020-09-15T06:33:01.590" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22827" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20301" CreationDate="2020-09-15T12:22:45.560" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Simpler:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Сам по себе этот турнир никого не привлечёт&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or even&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Этот турнир, сам по себе, заманчивым сделать не получится&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-20T13:01:02.910" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T13:01:02.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22828" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20195" CreationDate="2020-09-15T12:30:06.440" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Following the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mutatis%20mutandis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Merriam-Webster&lt;/a&gt; translations of &lt;em&gt;mutatis mutandis&lt;/em&gt;, the respective Russian equivalents would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;things having been changed that have to be changed&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;после проведения необходимых поправок (изменений / исправлений / модификаций)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;по проведении необходимых поправок&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;по проведении соответствующих поправок&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;with the respective differences having been considered&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;с учётом соответствующих различий&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;с учётом присущих различий&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-20T02:15:07.677" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T02:15:07.677" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22829" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22818" CreationDate="2020-09-15T20:34:59.480" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would suggest &amp;quot;Почему осведомленных людей сложнее переубедить,&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Почему осведомленные люди более упрямы/уперты в своих взглядах&amp;quot; (of course &amp;quot;уперты&amp;quot; is quite informal, but it is lucid and has this hint of negative connotation), or &amp;quot;Почему осведомленные люди часто глухи к доводам&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зашорены/незашорены is a good version in principle, but your variant &amp;quot;Почему те, кто много знают, при этом зашорены&amp;quot;, frankly, sounds patently stupid: you take an obviously good quality - &amp;quot;много знают&amp;quot; - and claim that it unequivocally implies an untoward one, &amp;quot;зашорены&amp;quot;. Of course the same applies to the original title, but maybe English is more tolerant to such things :).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I agree with others that the problem is largely due to &amp;quot;close-minded&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;open-minded&amp;quot; being buzzwords that don't mean anything well-defined in English either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15015" LastEditorUserId="15015" LastEditDate="2020-09-15T21:07:40.380" LastActivityDate="2020-09-15T21:07:40.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22830" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22823" CreationDate="2020-09-16T05:13:01.070" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends on the numbered object, especially on grammatical gender and number of this, - like in the inflectional language. By the fact, ordinal numbers are adjectives. So, see the rules for adjective's endings and declinations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.translate.ru/grammar/ru-es/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.translate.ru/grammar/ru-es/первый&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.translate.ru/grammar/ru-es/%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.translate.ru/grammar/ru-es/второй&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.translate.ru/grammar/ru-es/%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.translate.ru/grammar/ru-es/третий&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Somebody consider that one last letter is enough ( &lt;a href=&quot;https://clck.ru/QsBDS&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://clck.ru/QsBDS&lt;/a&gt; ),&#xA;but , really, you can find often the two letters. : &amp;gt;&#xA;1-ый 2-ой 3-ий 4-ый 5-ый 6-ой 7-ой 8-ой 9-ый 10-ый&#xA;It's for the masculine gender.&#xA;The feminine gender are 1-ая,  and others the same.&#xA;The neuter gender are 1-ое , etc. .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The last digit in a number only is taken into account.&#xA;About adj. - Compare &amp;quot;краснЫЙ&amp;quot;, f.e.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S.&#xA;Your &amp;quot;1-й&amp;quot; - it's masculine gender.&#xA;&amp;quot;10-е&amp;quot; - it's neuter gender ( 10-ое neuter gender, if it is singular object, or &amp;quot;десят-ые&amp;quot;, 10-ые any gender, if it's a plural something; also one reason for two letters ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.P.S. &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/r9KlGJ-R5RM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/r9KlGJ-R5RM&lt;/a&gt; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-10-31T18:02:53.780" LastActivityDate="2020-10-31T18:02:53.780" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22831" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19999" CreationDate="2020-09-16T07:00:36.263" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я думаю, что он потратил много денег.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Фраза лишена интенсивности и эмоциональной задействованности, и в ней присутствует примесь предположительности и сомнения: &amp;quot;А так ли это было на самом деле? Может быть, &lt;em&gt;для него&lt;/em&gt; это не так и много.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I guess he must have had spent a ton of money.&lt;/strong&gt; (quite hesitant declaration)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I would say he had spent a ton of money.&lt;/strong&gt; (hesitant declaration)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я считаю, что он потратил много денег.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этой фразе гораздо выше интенсивность эмоциональной и репутационной (self) задействованности в оценку.  Допустим, с данной оценкой кто-то несогласен, и выразит это мнение вслух.  Тем самым, будет поставлена под удар личность давшего оценку, и произойдёт открытый конфликт.  Заметим, что конфликтность начисто отсутствует в таком английском переводе, хотя оценка всё-таки есть:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I believe he has spent a ton of money.&lt;/strong&gt; (neutral declaration)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Добавить конфликтности и напряжённости можно, например, так:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I believe that he had spent a lot of money.&lt;/strong&gt; (strong declaration)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I believe that he had spent too much money.&lt;/strong&gt; (stronger declaration that judges the money quantity)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastActivityDate="2020-09-16T07:00:36.263" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22832" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22837" CreationDate="2020-09-16T07:58:31.080" Score="6" ViewCount="1102" Body="&lt;p&gt;What does &amp;quot;По хулиганке&amp;quot; mean? I cannot find a sensible translation. It is the title of a song of the group 'Iron Bees'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15016" LastEditorUserId="8982" LastEditDate="2020-09-17T19:17:37.593" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T19:17:37.593" Title="What is the meaning of &quot;по хулиганке&quot;?" Tags="&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22833" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20711" CreationDate="2020-09-16T08:07:28.550" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe this is a Russian alliteration of the French phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(Tu) vas pendre&lt;/strong&gt; : You would hang (for doing this), or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vous pendriez&lt;/strong&gt; : You will hang.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In both cases, the implicit meaning is that the action is so outrageous it will / should result in a punishment, which is also the connotation present in the Russian word &amp;quot;выпендриваться&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would likely date to from the French revolution and up to to mid XIXth century - a time when French was the language spoken by the Russian elite.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastActivityDate="2020-09-16T08:07:28.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22834" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22714" CreationDate="2020-09-16T08:12:52.237" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can try also&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Работать в полную мощность&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is less idiomatic but fairly accurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastActivityDate="2020-09-16T08:12:52.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22835" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11990" CreationDate="2020-09-16T08:21:10.520" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could try a more descriptive sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Oн растворил фрамугу, так что образовалась щель по её верху&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want to emphasize the slightness of tilting,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Он слегка повернул фрамугу, открыв щель по её верху&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-16T08:27:32.260" LastActivityDate="2020-09-16T08:27:32.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22836" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22818" CreationDate="2020-09-16T08:32:19.010" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You can just literally translate them (for yourself) and choose one. By context too and the niceties of this...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ограниченный - he has ограничения (some constrains,some barriers).&#xA;&amp;quot;being unable to think out of the box.&amp;quot; - why not ? he are limited for this too, especcially this.&#xA;Quite the opposite, it's more about this than &amp;quot;limited knowledge&amp;quot; as &amp;quot;невежественный&amp;quot;, it's other meaning really.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;закоснелый - a more and perfect state ( as the finality of this process :&amp;gt;) of косный ;&#xA;&amp;quot;as a result of getting too mature&amp;quot; - it's not about this.&#xA;&amp;quot;You can't call a  .. youngster закоснелый. &amp;quot; - You can do it without problem.&#xA;There is a process for this &amp;quot;коснение&amp;quot; (this word are realy not used) only and result of this in the adjective,&#xA;it's not related to age specifically.&#xA;&amp;quot;..losing the ability to evolve in general.&amp;quot; - well, maybe, but that state include that thing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;недалекий - he &amp;quot;has not so far... &amp;quot;(a big imagination,a string of logic,a look in future, in forecasting some processes or actions, etc)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;узколобый - he has a very constricted forehead, like a pithecanthrope;  it's more rude and strong one...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;не великого ума - he has not a great mind.The idiom is ironical and a bit archaic, traditional like from boyars .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;косный - &lt;a href=&quot;https://slovarozhegova.ru/word.php?wordid=12090&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://slovarozhegova.ru/word.php?wordid=12090&lt;/a&gt; - really, a biased one, such as physical &amp;quot;кособокий, косой, кривой&amp;quot; (crooked, curved) but for a menthal or soul's traits.&#xA;&amp;quot;it seems to be a rather archaic word&amp;quot; - really no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;зашоренный&amp;quot;  which was mentioned here is a vernacular, almost slang.. a bit of village-style... шоры is the things, by which are closed the horse's eyes for stopping of a rage or fright or smth else of horses...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alsо - Узкомыслящий  - the some synonym for недалекий, or узколобый (but not so rude like last),  his thoughts are going only in a uncapacious, constricted, predefined way.&#xA;the opposite for широкомыслящий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Невосприимчивый  - he don't get smth like this kind of things... an insensible..&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Предвзятый - he is biased. Before and a priori.&#xA;Предубежденный - he has an absolute opinion and conviction before he got the facts or discuss yet.&#xA;Maybe, are these two words eligible for this ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, but these are really depending on different contexts (and what is it really ? ) :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обскурантисткий, мракобесный, традиционалисткий;&#xA;Отсталый;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Фанатичный (but this word not so well-defined objectively ),&#xA;Фундаменталисткий;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Нонконформисткий (nonconformist, for me - it's a positive trait :&amp;gt;), имеющий свое мнение;&#xA;Упрямый (stubborn), Упёртый (more a colloquial, slang one), непокладистый :&amp;gt;,&#xA;Тупой, of course (it's rude and too general, of course :) ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also you can to use some metaphorical or simple direct full sentences as just description...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;недоступный новым веяниям - the idiom, he don't give an access (to him) for a new... winds :&amp;gt;&#xA;не обладает широким взглядом на вещи...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;его мозг/ум закрыт для ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well....&amp;quot; &amp;quot;closed-minded&amp;quot; chiefly US, disapproving :&#xA;not willing to consider different ideas or opinions : having or showing a closed mind &amp;quot;(c)&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/closed-minded&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/closed-minded&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, i don't know if this will be useful or not, but I recommend the &amp;quot;Multitran&amp;quot; dictionary app for PC;&#xA;also definition dictionary by Ushakov (cловарь Ушакова), and Ozhegov (словарь Ожегова), also &amp;quot;Викисловарь&amp;quot; for etymology (or the Farsmer), it's helping me sometimes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. 'because open-mindededness seems to have never been encouraged in Russia .. hat dictatorship regimes&amp;quot;&#xA;Well, it's the stereotypical political lunge... and the really closed-minded sentence.&#xA;We can say - &amp;quot;Where this had been been really encouraged in general and permanently and by all and for all ?&amp;quot;  Really. had or had not :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But really we shall say here - it's depend on specific situation, and on many things, which here isn't an one thing but differents periods and situations..&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;And the versions from &amp;quot;Reverso World's Wisdom&amp;quot; aren't able to change something in this fact...&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;What are you talking about here ? :&amp;gt; What the  generalisations  :&amp;gt; ?&#xA;The &amp;quot;generalisations&amp;quot; like this... well, see the words above :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;...or goals..&amp;quot; here - well, especially about this : the - real - moral goals is absolute thing for any humans. His final moral goals. It's an axiom,the fact and quintessence of human's nature.&#xA;Exactly this thing only.  Esse Homo.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.P.S.&#xA;This is paradoxical - but in my opinion, the speech in the article is about conformist pseudo-thinking, and not about non-conformist thinking. Not about &amp;quot;closed minded&amp;quot;, but about easily amenable to various manipulations. :&amp;gt;&#xA;About conformists who care about who expresses an opinion and some extraneous things, and not what facts are expressed.&#xA;It's also a issue of trusting the source of information.&#xA;I don't full understand the author's theses and conclusions, in general, and the main idea, and i suppose, it's not about a language problem  :&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But maybe the real meaning of all these wordage and crowned here &amp;quot;closed-minded&amp;quot; is really - the fanatics. Фанатичны, фанатики.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And in fact - any humans are fanatical. The main question is -  in which thing exactly  ? :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-09-30T10:10:21.360" LastActivityDate="2020-09-30T10:10:21.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22837" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22832" CreationDate="2020-09-16T08:38:57.540" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;(Haven't heard or read the song, so it's a guess).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most probably, it's a criminal jargon, where &amp;quot;хулиганка&amp;quot; stands for&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ukodeksrf.ru/ch-2/rzd-9/gl-24/st-213-uk-rf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;УК РФ Статья 213. Хулиганство&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Хулиганство&lt;/a&gt; in Wiki.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An expression &amp;quot;пойти &lt;em&gt;по хулиганке&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot; means something like &amp;quot;be sentenced (and go to prison) for violating the above article of the criminal law&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Tried to find the &amp;quot;lyrics&amp;quot; of the song but failed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2020-09-16T09:16:13.630" LastActivityDate="2020-09-16T09:16:13.630" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22838" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11990" CreationDate="2020-09-16T08:42:34.020" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whatever is said in comments about what is actually &amp;quot;приоткрой&amp;quot; de-facto &amp;quot;приоткрыть&amp;quot; is used for designating exactly this action. It usually depends on context which action actually meant - regular &amp;quot;приоткрыть&amp;quot; or vertical &amp;quot;приоткрыть&amp;quot;. When context is not enough, one can say something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Приоткрой ручкой вверх&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;приоткрой вот так вот&amp;quot; (and showing with gesture) - people when talking tend to avoid using lengthy words like &amp;quot;вертикально&amp;quot;, which, of course, is also acceptable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-09-16T08:42:34.020" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22839" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20195" CreationDate="2020-09-16T12:15:10.037" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;...I am looking for a Russian grammatical tool or trick..&amp;quot;&#xA;We-eee-ell...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Карфаген - разрушИм !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Карфаген - разрушИм буде !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Заменяемое -  меняемо буде !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or будЯ instead буде. Карфаген - разрушИм будя ! (with squeaky voice...) Now, this is changing this Caton the Censor into Catish the Umidulus.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/BimHilD_qxE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/BimHilD_qxE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or just будет instead буде.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Агнец заклан да будет !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also just simple (or poetic) phrase - Карфаген разрушаемым будет !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, this version &amp;quot;Карфаген должен быть разрушен !&amp;quot; is the famous idiom, aphorism in Russian,&#xA;you aren't able to change this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't the will to think how all this will be look from the point of view of academic grammar.&#xA;But it might be interesting for you : &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.emory.edu/INTELNET/dar17.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.emory.edu/INTELNET/dar17.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are You know that Russian word &amp;quot;ерунда&amp;quot; have the origin from this &amp;quot;gerundives&amp;quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Изменённое  -  (за)(из)меняемо буде(т) !&#xA;mb, it's will be better for - &amp;quot;the meaning is &amp;quot;having changed what is/has/needs to be changed&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or mb Изменённое - (за)(из)мен(и/я)ть нужно !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;the first word is a past participle (&amp;quot;having been changed&amp;quot;), whilst the second word - a gerundive (&amp;quot;to be changed&amp;quot;),  so the meaning of the whole phrase is &amp;quot;having changed what is/has/needs to be changed,&amp;quot; with the ablative case showing that the clause is a necessary condition for the rest of the sentence.&amp;quot;&#xA;.....mb you must give one simple combined example in action and reality, for each and all of these points...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Измененное - заменят !   ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Карфаген подлежит разрушению. ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;after all,  Нужда - Карфаген разрушить !  :)&#xA;Карфаген нужно разрушить !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(и всё тут..)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разрушенью Карфагена потребно быть ! - but it's too long..&#xA;(надобно)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разрушаемому Карфагену быти потребно !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Разрушенью Карфагена быть ! :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нужно разрушаемым Карфаген имети !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Потребно разрушаемым Карфаген видеть !&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ДолжнО разрУшим Карфаген !  - хм... :&amp;gt;  here the &amp;quot;разрушим&amp;quot; is a verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-09-18T09:27:52.497" LastActivityDate="2020-09-18T09:27:52.497" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22840" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20051" CreationDate="2020-09-16T23:37:32.050" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I interpret concepts like &amp;quot;Internet slang&amp;quot; as something more related specifically to the technical aspects of the Internet, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And all sorts of there - &amp;quot;орнуть&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;постесняюсь спросить но спрошу&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;дропнуть&amp;quot;, the strange using of the phrase &amp;quot;сейчас бы&amp;quot; and the like, ridiculous neo-anglicisms it is or not - this is simply the slang of ignorant schoolie, especially Counter Strike players, and backward, uneducated new-fashioned burghers ...&#xA;It's quite senseless and merciless, distorting the meanings of words, crooked, cutting ear (it should also be noted especially - the disgusting consonance of such a neologism &amp;quot;орнуть&amp;quot; with the verb &amp;quot;пёрнуть&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Schoolie-frondeur slang, developing according to quite standard school-frondeur's, denying the previous culture, canons for the development of such things.&#xA;It hasn't geographic links, in any way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, you (or someone else) can put such things on your shelf (if there is a lot of space), but keep in mind that when you use them, you present yourself in a very specific way and take a very specific position :&amp;gt; ...:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/lxkK5cVM9VM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/lxkK5cVM9VM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/h7xDfqSAdh0?t=124&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/h7xDfqSAdh0?t=124&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chert-poberi.ru/umor/perlyi-shkolotyi.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://chert-poberi.ru/umor/perlyi-shkolotyi.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and canonical one - &lt;a href=&quot;https://hr-portal.ru/forum/rasskaz-prislannyy-na-konkurs-fantastov&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://hr-portal.ru/forum/rasskaz-prislannyy-na-konkurs-fantastov&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also more old version of all..this &lt;a href=&quot;http://lurkmore.to/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://lurkmore.to/Язык_падонков&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-09-17T02:23:33.650" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T02:23:33.650" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22841" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19876" CreationDate="2020-09-17T05:13:30.217" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have encountered this phrase among Russian gamers playing &lt;em&gt;gomokunarabe renju&lt;/em&gt; 「五目並べ連珠」.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I believe this may be an intentional adoption from Japanese emphasizing the alternate (to put it mildly) usage of the word &lt;em&gt;maguro&lt;/em&gt; 「鮪」 as shown in &lt;a href=&quot;http://takoboto.jp/?w=2077090&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, a literal translation of　&lt;strong&gt;マグロを味わう&lt;/strong&gt;　using the &amp;quot;other&amp;quot; meanings of both words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T05:13:30.217" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22842" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8657" CreationDate="2020-09-17T05:37:21.297" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A possible candidate would be the verb&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;воодушевить&lt;/strong&gt;, as in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;И воодушевил меня своими словами.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T05:37:21.297" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22843" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22808" CreationDate="2020-09-17T05:45:23.287" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Cтесняюсь спросить, но&amp;quot; - это отнюдь не новый фразеологизм с ироничным смыслом вроде &amp;quot;Это же само по себе ясно, конечно же, отчего и якобы стеснительно спрашивать&amp;quot;, хотя на самом деле в данном вопросе и ситуации ничего - не ясно.&#xA;Но &amp;quot;вот у меня такое чувство, что это же должно быть -  ясно... кому-то вроде вас, таких... &amp;quot;.&#xA;Отметим - что семантически тут отсутствует аспект совершенности - &amp;quot;стесняюсь&amp;quot;. Ну, то есть это никак логически не мешает друг другу, &amp;quot;стесняться&amp;quot; и &amp;quot;спросить&amp;quot;; спросил, cтесняясь, и можешь дальше стесняться, стеснительный такой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Постесняюсь спросить, но&amp;quot; - это какая-то невежественная перверсия от первого варианта, появившаяся, как и некоторые иные подобные странные выражения и слова, именно - в последние десятилетия.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&amp;quot;Постесняться&amp;quot; это глагол совершенного вида, означающий, что стеснение это  окончательно стало(!) препятствием для действия, то есть - &amp;quot;постеснялся и не спросил, и прочь бежал от стесненья своего, плачуся горько...&amp;quot;&#xA;То есть такая конструкция, как  &amp;quot;Постесняюсь спросить, но спрошу&amp;quot; - бессмысленна.&#xA;&amp;quot;Не спрошу, но спрошу&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“не постесняюсь спросить” - а это, конечно, совершенно нормальная фраза. Как вариант 1-го или отрицание 2-го.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-09-17T17:30:09.923" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T17:30:09.923" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22845" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20993" CreationDate="2020-09-17T06:57:10.763" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;For &lt;em&gt;positive&lt;/em&gt; description, you can try using&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;забить в набат&lt;/strong&gt;, as in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Забив в набат, он оповестил всех о случившейся беде.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, though, you would need to decide first whether you evaluate the actions of the person reporting to the dean positively, neutrally or negatively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Забив в набат, она сообщила&lt;/strong&gt; о творящихся безобразиях зам.декану, который &lt;strong&gt;явился&lt;/strong&gt; поздней ночью в общежитие вместе с дружинниками, и &lt;strong&gt;навёл там порядок.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (positive)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;По роду свох обязанностей, ей, после долгого терпения, &lt;strong&gt;пришлось сообщить&lt;/strong&gt; об эксцессах своих сокурсников зам.декану.  Он &lt;strong&gt;нагрянул&lt;/strong&gt; этой же ночью с дружинниками в общежитие.  С шумом и гамом было покончено.&lt;/em&gt; (neutral)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Никто её за язык не тянул, и всё же &lt;strong&gt;она настучала&lt;/strong&gt; университетскому начальству о мелких прегрешениях студентов.  Зам. декана этой же ночью &lt;strong&gt;устроил облаву&lt;/strong&gt; с дружинниками.  &lt;strong&gt;Загребли всех&lt;/strong&gt;, кто попался под горячую руку.  Тех, кто был без связей, &lt;strong&gt;выгнали&lt;/strong&gt; из университета.  Этого ей до сих пор никто не простил.&lt;/em&gt;(negative)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-17T07:25:16.060" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T07:25:16.060" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22846" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="10883" CreationDate="2020-09-17T07:59:05.050" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Even more polite would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Не хотели бы Вы выпить?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T07:59:05.050" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22848" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22346" CreationDate="2020-09-17T12:10:30.293" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Согласно &lt;a href=&quot;https://slovar.cc/rus/ushakov/438503.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;словарю Ушакова&lt;/a&gt;, да и по практике применения, можно употреблять слово &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;преподавательница&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;.  Звучит весьма внушительно и уважительно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T12:10:30.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22849" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22832" CreationDate="2020-09-17T15:50:49.590" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of course, &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;пойти по хулиганке&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; means to get a prison sentence. However, the legal explanations look unsatisfactory to me. So I'll try to give mine. Disclaimer: I'm not a lawyer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Disorderly misconduct&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is a kind of misdemeanour, and as such it cannot result in a prison sentence. Basically, it corresponds to &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;мелкое хулиганство&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; which is surely not what the song above is talking about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest legal term here is &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Aggravated assault&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;. The source of confusion is the poor wording in the Russian Criminal code which originates in the Soviet one. Consider the aforementioned art. 213 which starts with &amp;quot;public violation&amp;quot; but right after that adds &amp;quot;by weapon or things used as a weapon&amp;quot;. So in practice it's something &amp;quot;worse than just assault&amp;quot;. The same as &amp;quot;aggravated assault&amp;quot; in legal English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So much probably the song talks about a guy who was caught on robbery, but cops couldn't prove the latter and so he was condemned of &amp;quot;hooliganism&amp;quot;, i.e. &amp;quot;aggravated assault&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2020-09-17T15:50:49.590" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22850" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7950" CreationDate="2020-09-18T10:35:00.390" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find the original wording to be quite natural for commonly spoken Russian language.  For example, a complete sentence involving the phrase above could be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мы, с нашими четырьмя детьми, еле поместились в такси&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one was to use the wording &lt;em&gt;четверыми детьми&lt;/em&gt;, as suggested by &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/4629/avi-gordon&quot;&gt;Avi Gordon&lt;/a&gt;, this would result in&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мы, с нашими четверыми детьми, еле поместились в такси&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These two counting words (числительные) are derived, respectively, from:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;четыре&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.morfologija.ru/%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0/%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;четырьмя&lt;/strong&gt; (тв. падеж)&lt;/a&gt;;  &lt;strong&gt;четверо&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.morfologija.ru/%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0/%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;четверыми&lt;/strong&gt; (тв. падеж)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word 'четверо' is used for animate individuals ('нас было четверо'). The word 'четыре' is used for counting inanimate objects ('четыре треугольника') or counting groups of animate/inanimate objects ('четыре дивизии', 'четыре созвездия', 'четыре класса').&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;в четыре руки&lt;/strong&gt; (as in playing piano) - &lt;strong&gt;Ухватившись четырьмя руками&lt;/strong&gt; (having grabbed with four hands)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;четверо детей&lt;/strong&gt; (four children) - &lt;strong&gt;с четверыми детьми&lt;/strong&gt;　(with four children)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;a href=&quot;https://glasha-yu.livejournal.com/34162.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;write-up&lt;/a&gt; on usage of group counting words (собирательных числительных) mentions the use of the word &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;двадцатеро&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In that spirit, let us carry the counting example up to twenty:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;один - одним / одной / одним - not usable for group counting&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;два - двумя; двое - двоими&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;три - тремя; трое - троими&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;четыре - четырьмя; четверо - четверыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пять - пятью (пятерьмя); пятеро - пятерыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;шесть - шестью (шестерьмя); шестеро - шестерыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;семь - семью (семерьмя); семеро - семерыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;восемь - восемью (восьмерьмя); восьмеро - восьмерыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;девять - девятью (девятерьмя); девятеро - девятерыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;десять - десятью (десятерьмя); десятеро - десятерыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;одиннадцать - одиннадцатью (одиннадцатерьмя); одиннацатеро - одиннадцатерыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;двенадцать - двенадцатью (двенадцатерьмя); двенадцатеро - двенадцатерыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;тринадцать - тринадцатью (тринадцатерьмя); тринадцатеро - тринадцатерыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;четырнадцать - четырнадцатью (четырнадцатерьмя); четырнадцатеро - четырнадцатерыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;пятнадцать - пятнадцатью (пятнадцатерьмя); пятнадцатеро - пятнадцатерыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;шестнадцать - шестнадцатью (шестнадцатерьмя); шестнадцатеро - шестнадцатерыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;семнадцать - семнадцатью (семнадцатерьмя); семнадцатеро - семнадцатерыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;восемнадцать - восемнадцатью (восемнадцатерьмя); восемнадцатеро - восемнадцатерыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;девятнадцать - девятнадцатью (девятнадцатерьмя); девятнадцатеро - девятнадцатерыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;двадцать - двадцатью (двадцатерьмя); двадцатеро - двадцатерыми&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тhe next counting word would be &amp;quot;двадцать один&amp;quot;, and thus the pattern breaks down.  Taking the last usable word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы, с нашими &lt;strong&gt;двадцатерьмя&lt;/strong&gt; детьми, еле поместились в лодке** (неестественно)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы, с нашими &lt;strong&gt;двадцатью детьми&lt;/strong&gt;, еле поместились в лодке** &lt;strong&gt;(естественно)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы, с нашими &lt;strong&gt;двадцатерыми&lt;/strong&gt; детьми, еле поместились в лодке** (неестественно)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The form &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;двадцатерыми детьми&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; sounds unnatural.  The form &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;двадцатью детьми&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, however, sounds fine.  Note that the form &lt;em&gt;двадцатью&lt;/em&gt; is derived from &lt;em&gt;двадцать&lt;/em&gt;, which is in the counting lineage of the word &lt;em&gt;четыре&lt;/em&gt; (rather than &lt;em&gt;четверо&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;двадцатеро&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Based on the above, I would argue in favor of the form &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;с четырьмя детьми&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastActivityDate="2020-09-18T10:35:00.390" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22851" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13259" CreationDate="2020-09-19T07:45:10.380" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Add for completeness:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тебя спросил я. - It was me who asked you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Спросил я тебя. - I asked you (poetic intonation, akin to verse from a song).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastActivityDate="2020-09-19T07:45:10.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22852" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-19T14:56:57.210" Score="1" ViewCount="386" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нигде не пишут на какой слог ставить ударение в слове &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;бурекас&lt;/a&gt;. Слово, как я вижу, имеет корни в турецком и греческом языках, а также в иврите. В google translate на греческом языке воспроизведение вроде ударение ставит на бурекАс.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15027" LastActivityDate="2020-09-29T13:13:51.550" Title="Какое ударение в слове бурекас?" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22853" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22852" CreationDate="2020-09-19T15:19:21.003" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;A cursory glance over Youtube videos (recorded mostly by Russian-speaking Israelis) shows that the vast majority of them put the stress on the second syllable: &lt;em&gt;буре́кас&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ydnb-9gThw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ydnb-9gThw&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMsbYhNIKqE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMsbYhNIKqE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEZ8FI6BK0k&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEZ8FI6BK0k&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-09-19T15:19:21.003" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22854" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20945" CreationDate="2020-09-19T17:45:39.873" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to add to the other answers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is a subtle difference between Russian words нежданно and неожиданно. While the first one can be better translated as &lt;em&gt;unexpectedly&lt;/em&gt;, the second one can be better translated as &lt;em&gt;by surprise&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You see, something can be expected but still take you by surprise. For instance, a hiding enemy may be expected but assault you by surprise because you did not know exactly where did they hide.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2020-09-19T17:45:39.873" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22855" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22814" CreationDate="2020-09-19T18:11:26.140" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Since the second word is a personal surname, and quite uncommon one, one can expect that the holder of that name will try to verbally underline the difference between it and a similarly-sounding famous Moscow metro station.&#xA;In that case she definitely will distinctly pronounce the starting o- in her surname, especially when pronouncing it first time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The тс and ц are also usually pronounced differently in Russian words, for instance, some Russian Whites in Russian civil war often pronounced and spelled большевиcтский as большевицкий for derogatory purposes (possibly due to similarity with мужицкий).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A minimal pair:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;поцве́т&lt;/strong&gt; = adverb meaning &amp;quot;of a similar, fitting color, for instance regarding clothing elements&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;подсве́т&lt;/strong&gt; = noun meaning &amp;quot;higliting (of a scene, etc)&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They differ in ts vs t͡s. Note though that the most online phonetic analysis software produce wrong phonetic analysis of the second word because they incorrectly divide it into syllables, interpreting по- rather than под- as a prefix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2020-09-20T12:42:31.643" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T12:42:31.643" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22856" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22709" CreationDate="2020-09-19T23:17:29.073" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The logic is that to eat a fish (supposedly hanging in front of you) you have to move your torso forward while to sit on a dick you have to move your torso back. So, you hardly can do the both things at the same time.&#xA;At least, it is how I understand it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2020-09-19T23:17:29.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22857" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22577" CreationDate="2020-09-19T23:45:57.700" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You wrote it with a mistake. It should be како&lt;strong&gt;е&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;quot;переходим&amp;quot;. Otherwise it is grammatical:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- So, we are crossing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- What &amp;quot;crossing&amp;quot; [do you mean], don't you see the red light?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- I mean, in general&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;-- In general, yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2020-09-19T23:45:57.700" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22858" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8588" CreationDate="2020-09-20T01:48:35.790" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As well, for a 'little sister' you could use:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;сестрица&lt;/code&gt; (often encountered in fairy tales)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;сестрёночка&lt;/code&gt; (derived from &lt;code&gt;сестрёнка&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;сеструха&lt;/code&gt; (colloquial, denoting not only little, but sometimes also an older sister - context-dependent; note the spelling similarity to &lt;code&gt;старуха&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;сеструшечка&lt;/code&gt; (derived from &lt;code&gt;сеструха&lt;/code&gt;, note the spelling similarity to &lt;code&gt;старушечка&lt;/code&gt; as well as to &lt;code&gt;ватрушечка&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pushing this to the extreme, you can create such little-used, but still understandable forms as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;сестричечка&lt;/code&gt; (from &lt;code&gt;сестричка&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;сестричоночка&lt;/code&gt; (similar to &lt;code&gt;мальчоночка&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;сестричушечка&lt;/code&gt; (likely to be encountered in a verbal make-the-cutest-word contest)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-20T09:48:42.940" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T09:48:42.940" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22859" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22860" CreationDate="2020-09-20T05:56:12.663" Score="-2" ViewCount="59" Body="&lt;p&gt;Another IT question. I looked at &lt;a href=&quot;https://yandex.ru/search/?text=%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%20%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&amp;amp;clid=1955453&amp;amp;win=451&amp;amp;from=ntp&amp;amp;&amp;amp;lr=10522&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;yandex&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;For scalable architecture,shows us&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;масштабируемая архитектура&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I need this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How to build scalable architecture?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12469" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T06:35:41.730" Title="How to build a scalable architecture?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;информатика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2020-09-20T10:05:38.703" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22860" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22859" CreationDate="2020-09-20T06:07:52.837" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Can be translated as: &lt;code&gt;Как построить масштабируемую архитектуру?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15028" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T06:07:52.837" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22861" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22859" CreationDate="2020-09-20T06:35:41.730" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Additionally, as per &lt;a href=&quot;https://context.reverso.net/translation/english-russian/Scalable&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;reverso.net&lt;/a&gt; this can be translated as: &lt;code&gt;Как построить расширяемую архитектуру?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T06:35:41.730" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22862" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="122" CreationDate="2020-09-20T06:47:45.287" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;По М.А.Булгакову (&amp;quot;Собачье сердце&amp;quot;), есть и такое русское слово, как &lt;code&gt;абырвалг&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Из более употребительных слов можно выделить междометия &lt;code&gt;ааа&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ага&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ай&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ату&lt;/code&gt; и &lt;code&gt;ах&lt;/code&gt;, а также союз &lt;code&gt;а&lt;/code&gt;, встречаемый практически в каждом достаточно длинном тексте (включая и этот комментарий).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Стоит упомянуть также прилагательное &lt;code&gt;аляповатый&lt;/code&gt;, согласно &lt;a href=&quot;http://endic.ru/krylov/Aljapovat-2309.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;этимологическому словарю Крылова&lt;/a&gt;, происшедшее от глагола &lt;code&gt;ляпать&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-20T09:24:19.263" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T09:24:19.263" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22863" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22792" CreationDate="2020-09-20T07:09:47.287" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Suitable idiomatic translations would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;неисполнимое желание&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;неисполнимая мечта&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;неизбывная мечта&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;непреходящая мечта&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;вечная мечта&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In context of a sentence, you could finish it with &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;, что так и осталось мечтой&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-20T09:51:01.657" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T09:51:01.657" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22864" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16961" CreationDate="2020-09-20T07:28:16.460" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could translate this as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He got quite an earful from my sister.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The intensifying part is achieved here by &lt;code&gt;quite&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T07:28:16.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22865" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8476" CreationDate="2020-09-20T10:13:27.477" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Cловосочетание &lt;code&gt;прайс-мэтч&lt;/code&gt; весьма популярно в русскоязычном интернете в Америке и Канаде.&#xA;В последнее время, это словосочетание начало проникать и в собственно российский интернет. Так например, на сайте &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.babyblog.ru/community/housedesign/post/3193383&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;babyblog.ru&lt;/a&gt; от 26.07.2016 находим следующую фразу:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;... магазин, который делает прайс-мэтч (то есть дает гарантию честной цены)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отметим, что перевод &lt;code&gt;гарантия честной цены&lt;/code&gt; тоже понятен и годен к употреблению.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T10:13:27.477" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22866" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7872" CreationDate="2020-09-20T10:16:20.747" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A simple yet accurate translation is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;на заметку себе&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T10:16:20.747" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22867" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="8121" CreationDate="2020-09-20T10:18:25.817" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate this as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ваш ход (шахматы)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ваша очередь (другие виды спорта)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-20T11:57:30.500" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T11:57:30.500" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22868" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="11174" CreationDate="2020-09-20T10:45:32.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe the word &lt;code&gt;сожитель&lt;/code&gt; has a further negative connotation of someone who takes advantage of the person who provides room, board and physical side of the affair.  &lt;code&gt;Сожитель&lt;/code&gt; is essentially a parasite - contributing next to nothing to their partner's well-being, but steadily consuming the financial, emotional, physical and temporal resources of the person with whom they are cohabiting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T10:45:32.527" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22869" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15056" CreationDate="2020-09-20T10:55:34.923" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the context of the song, a possible translation of &lt;code&gt;he cannot be bothered with teachers&lt;/code&gt; appears to be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ему &lt;code&gt;нет дела до&lt;/code&gt; учителей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or even&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Учителя ему пофиг&lt;/code&gt; (жарг.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In comparison, for the phrase &lt;code&gt;he cannot be bothered with such minutiae&lt;/code&gt; suitable translations will be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он не будет заморачиваться такими деталями (жарг.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он не будет утруждать себя такими деталями&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он не будет обременять себя такими деталями&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-20T11:01:45.867" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T11:01:45.867" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22870" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13954" CreationDate="2020-09-20T11:22:44.043" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Отличием университета от института, в-основном, являлось одновременное наличие технических и гуманитарных факультетов.  В этом случае, высшее учебное заведение, как правило, называлось университетом; в противном случае - институтом. Вместе с тем, существовали и чисто гуманитарные университеты, так что были и исключения из этого правила.  Что отсутствовало - это профильные технические университеты без гуманитарного факультета - они появились лишь после переименования таких институтов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-20T23:37:29.563" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T23:37:29.563" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22871" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13384" CreationDate="2020-09-20T12:40:17.043" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could try an inscription like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я - с этим ничтожеством&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While not equivalent to &amp;quot;stupid&amp;quot;, this does convey a clearly negative opinion of the t-shirt wearer towards their companion, and is stronger in its wording than the original.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Closer to the original would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Со мной - дур...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-21T01:39:35.600" LastActivityDate="2020-09-21T01:39:35.600" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22872" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19628" CreationDate="2020-09-20T13:31:20.037" Score="0" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In regard to the original question &amp;quot;I am curious whether there is an elegant universal solution in Russian to make it clear that the statement is about an unfulfilled past situation.&amp;quot;, here are two short phrases that could precede the letter:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сейчас это всё в далёком прошлом, и возвращаться к этой истории у меня нет ни времени, ни желания.  Я воспроизведу тогдашний ход событий только для того, чтобы расставить все точки над &lt;code&gt;i&lt;/code&gt;.*&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;* 「または、シ」&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Trying to further improve on the already perfect translation of &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/users/5008/matt&quot;&gt;Matt&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Будь у этой компании сахар, чтобы предложить его нам взамест кукурузы, каких похвал в адрес нашей &amp;quot;Империи на Востоке&amp;quot; удостоились бы мы от главных газет! &amp;quot;Сельские джентльмены&amp;quot; и рта бы не посмели открыть. Случись им что-либо сказать, сразу же прозвучал бы гром с Лиденхолл-стрит, и все глотки были бы заткнуты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In regard to the request of @Mitsuko re: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot; ... an elegant translation that makes it abundantly clear that the opportunity is missed and that the both hypothetical actions (the one in the dependent clause and the one in the main clause) are in the past.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты не пригласила меня, и навсегда упустила возможность моего приезда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Смысл: &amp;quot;Ты не пригласила меня раньше. Тогда я ещё, &lt;em&gt;может быть&lt;/em&gt;, к тебе бы и приехала, а потом - уже наверняка нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note, that containing the negative response strictly to the past opens the door for a future positive response.  Hence, if you want to avoid an impression of a possible future positive response, you need to make the negative response eternal 'навсегда = forever'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-24T04:11:51.903" LastActivityDate="2020-09-24T04:11:51.903" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22873" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1945" CreationDate="2020-09-20T15:23:01.057" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я бы это перевёл как&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Восприятие пользователя (звучит лучше)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или же,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пользовательское восприятие (звучит хуже)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T15:23:01.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22874" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14692" CreationDate="2020-09-20T15:26:51.950" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this context, there is a useful phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Свои люди - сочтёмся!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which is, incidentally, the name of a fantastically well written &lt;a href=&quot;https://ilibrary.ru/text/2399/p.1/index.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1849 play by A.N.Ostrovsky&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-20T23:27:56.117" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T23:27:56.117" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22875" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="16688" CreationDate="2020-09-20T15:32:03.743" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;You could translate this as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нет &lt;code&gt;того&lt;/code&gt;, что я не мог бы себе позволить!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keeping closer to the original German wording,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;И несть того, в чём я б себе бы не позволил!&lt;/code&gt; (Начальное &amp;quot;И&amp;quot; добавлено для поддержки темпа в рифмованном слоге; &amp;quot;несть&amp;quot; - для придания архаичности)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-20T23:21:53.690" LastActivityDate="2020-09-20T23:21:53.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22876" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13384" CreationDate="2020-09-21T05:11:17.137" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would translate: &lt;code&gt;Рядом с тупым&lt;/code&gt; (I'm near a stupid person) or &lt;code&gt;Тупица рядом&lt;/code&gt; (A stupid person is next to me), or even more succinct: &lt;code&gt;Тупица&lt;/code&gt; (a dumb person), which is a slightly derogatory (but not overly offensive) word for a stupid person in Russian common language. For example, one could call their sibling &lt;code&gt;Тупица&lt;/code&gt; to tease them and this won't be too inappropriate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15028" LastActivityDate="2020-09-21T05:11:17.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22877" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22878" CreationDate="2020-09-21T07:10:10.813" Score="6" ViewCount="265" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why is the angle grinder (&amp;quot;угловая шлифовальная машина&amp;quot;) called &amp;quot;болгарка&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4432" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-09-21T21:07:30.450" LastActivityDate="2020-10-26T16:57:16.083" Title="Where does the colloquial word for the angle grinder (&quot;угловая шлифовальная машина&quot;) come from?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22878" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22877" CreationDate="2020-09-21T07:24:17.433" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Русское разговорное название этого инструмента — «болгарка» — возникло в СССР в 1970-х годах, когда здесь появились первые его образцы, выпущенные именно в Болгарии[3], на предприятии «Спарки Элтос» под торговой маркой «Eltos» в городе Ловеч[4]. Сейчас слово «болгарка» можно встретить даже на ценниках в магазинах. Иначе как в странах бывшего Советского Союза такое название этого инструмента нигде не употребляется[5]. В Болгарии же УШМ называется «русская».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-09-21T09:51:29.013" LastActivityDate="2020-09-21T09:51:29.013" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22879" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19736" CreationDate="2020-09-21T07:27:43.093" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Допустим, имеет место такой диалог:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отдалённый звук бубенцов стих, и в сени ввалился дебелый детина с приличного размера бумажным кульком под мышкой.  От детины веяло перегаром.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Дешёвый ты мой, как я тебя ждала-то сегодня!&amp;quot; - прошептала она.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Домой ехал на дрожках, вот и задержался&amp;quot;, - отвечал он, небрежно смахивая снег с валенок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Зато смотри, какой я тебе платок купил!  Долго выбирал, купил подешевле,&amp;quot; - нежно пробормотал он, разворачивая кулёк.  Кулёк почему-то не поддавался, но силы были неравные. После недолгой борьбы из кулька выпала копчёная рыба.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Да, это, конечно, не Рио-де-Жанейро&amp;quot;, - невольно процитировав Ильфа и Петрова, спохватилась она и подумала &amp;quot;Опять все деньги пропил.&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А представьте себе, наоборот ... например, такое:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Отдалённый звук бубенцов стих, и в сени ввалился дебелый детина с приличного размера бумажным кульком под мышкой.  От детины веяло перегаром.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Дорогой ты мой, как я тебя ждала-то сегодня!&amp;quot; - прошептала она.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Домой ехал на дрожках, вот и задержался&amp;quot;, - отвечал он, небрежно смахивая снег с валенок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Зато смотри, какой я тебе платок купил!  Долго выбирал, купил подороже,&amp;quot; - нежно пробормотал он, разворачивая кулёк.  Кулёк почему-то не поддавался, но силы были неравные. После недолгой борьбы из кулька выпала копчёная рыба.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Да, это, конечно, не Рио-де-Жанейро&amp;quot;, - невольно процитировав Ильфа и Петрова, спохватилась она и подумала &amp;quot;Опять все деньги пропил.&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ну и что, есть разница?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-21T08:04:19.310" LastActivityDate="2020-09-21T08:04:19.310" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22880" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="19504" CreationDate="2020-09-24T08:54:47.113" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Придётся объяснить чётко, для того, чтобы не было недопонимания:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ладно, раз уж тебе так хочется навестить меня в Японии, я помогу тебе с визой.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here, everything is clear:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You are stating outright that the reason for your help is so that the friend visits &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;you&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; in Japan (навестить меня в Японии).  Not &lt;em&gt;visiting Japan&lt;/em&gt; but visiting &lt;em&gt;you in Japan&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You are emphasizing that the reason for your cooperation is the intensity of desire of the friend to visit you in Japan (раз уж тебе так хочется)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You are emphasizing your RELUCTANCE to do this (Ладно), that is, your friend was finally able to persuade you to help them.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You are softening the impact of the first statement by using &lt;code&gt;Раз уж тебе так хочется&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;Раз уж ты так хочешь&lt;/code&gt;, making it indirect rather than direct.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The above sentence should be NOT used until the friend begs you several times to make the visit a go.  It makes no sense to declare your willingness to help without the friend's indication of the intensity of their desire to visit you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you prefer a different version:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я помогу тебе с визой, но только если ты действительно приедешь ко мне.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the other two examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Раз уж тебе так хочется попробовать сашими, я куплю и нарежу тебе рыбу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я куплю и нарежу тебе рыбу, но только если ты будешь есть сашими.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Раз уж тебе так хочется поиграть в Го, я принесу доску.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я принесу доску, но только если ты будешь играть со мной в Го.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-24T09:12:46.540" LastActivityDate="2020-09-24T09:12:46.540" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22882" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22884" CreationDate="2020-09-25T10:27:07.197" Score="3" ViewCount="312" Body="&lt;p&gt;Лысая башка, дай пирожка - what does this saying mean? I know what it means literally, but in which situations would it usually be used, and where/how did it originate?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14609" LastActivityDate="2020-09-25T10:55:25.637" Title="Лысая башка, дай пирожка - what does it mean?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;&lt;saying&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22883" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22882" CreationDate="2020-09-25T10:52:12.450" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's a children's teasing chant (&lt;em&gt;дразнилка&lt;/em&gt;). It's used to tease bald people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Их девочка вдруг толкнула Соню в бок и прошепелявила:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;— Лысая башка — дай пирожка!&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;— Лысая, потому что Настя уходила бродяжничать, потом всех заразила вшами, лишаями… ужас!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;За столом, наложив в миски пурпурного винегрета, сидели двое мужчин, старик и просто мужчина, бритые и смешные. «Лысая башка, дай пирожка», — мысленно похулиганила Юлдуз.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;А помнишь, как за глаза дразнил нашего естественника: «Лысая башка, дай кусочек пирожка»!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-09-25T10:52:12.450" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22884" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22882" CreationDate="2020-09-25T10:55:25.637" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Лысая башка, дай пирожка» is a children's taunting ditty, a teasing rhyme used to make fun of bald people. There's an urban legend saying this rhyme originated in the early 20th century Odesa, now Ukraine, where there was a bald man selling patties (пирожки) downtown, so children composed the rhyme and used it when buying patties from him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2020-09-25T10:55:25.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22885" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22886" CreationDate="2020-09-25T15:38:10.620" Score="1" ViewCount="294" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sources are very controversial. Is there any agreement if I can use &lt;strong&gt;полячка&lt;/strong&gt;, or is it &lt;strong&gt;полька&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-09-25T16:17:35.023" LastActivityDate="2020-09-26T11:37:46.197" Title="Is &quot;полячка&quot; the correct Russian word for a woman from Poland?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22886" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22885" CreationDate="2020-09-25T16:08:53.290" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's obsolete and currently considered the incorrect form with &amp;quot;полька&amp;quot; being the only valid form. In the &lt;a href=&quot;https://arzamas.academy/micro/etnonim/8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;third edition of Dahl's dictionary&lt;/a&gt;, the editor, famous linguist Иван Александрович &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8D,_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Бодуэн де Куртенэ&lt;/a&gt; stated that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Полячка ж., презрит.[ельное], вм[есто] полька.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is not immediately obvious from his name, Бодуэн де Куртенэ was also of Polish roots and was a strong proponent of Polish (at least) cultural autonomy. I'm mentioning this only to assume that he did know how exactly Polish community felt about that word. By the way, @YellowSky’s comment is absolutely correct, it indeed sounds very offensive to a Polish speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, stick with &amp;quot;полька&amp;quot;, that would be my advise. In that aspect situation is somewhat close to what's happening with word &amp;quot;негр&amp;quot; right now. For millions of native speakers (me included) it was a neutral term pretty much like &amp;quot;шатен&amp;quot; or, don't know &amp;quot;блондин&amp;quot; with honestly zero racist connotation. Because Russian does not exist in vacuum, because it's evolving and there's still such thing as international cultural context, by many people it gradually came to be perceived as something inappropriate. It's quite a flammable topic, but I'm only describing here current state of things and ongoing tendencies.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However I also need to stress out that the situation is not like with, say, &amp;quot;жид&amp;quot;, which transformed from relatively neutral term to an undoubtedly derogatory term.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Полячка&amp;quot; is still used by many interchangeably with &amp;quot;полька&amp;quot; and many of its users even have no idea that one version is more preferable than the other. I guess because it sounds like, say, &amp;quot;москвичка&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-09-26T11:37:46.197" LastActivityDate="2020-09-26T11:37:46.197" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22888" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-09-28T11:42:00.620" Score="1" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;p&gt;In following sentence: &amp;quot;Он добавил 10 новых фото&amp;quot; - it appears that &lt;code&gt;фото&lt;/code&gt; is a direct object and so the accusative case (inanimate) should be used.  However, my tables suggest that &lt;code&gt;-ых&lt;/code&gt; is the accusative, animate ending.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14901" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-09-28T16:53:35.950" LastActivityDate="2020-09-28T17:01:31.900" Title="What case is &quot;новых фото&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;согласование&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22889" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22897" CreationDate="2020-09-28T13:12:49.540" Score="2" ViewCount="128" Body="&lt;p&gt;Этот вопрос больше к кардиологам, чем к лингвистам. Я очень прошу воздержаться от предположений и флуда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я программист и имею отношение к разработке кардиологического софта. Недавно заметил странный перевод английского текста на русский язык:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&amp;quot;Supraventricular run&amp;quot; ► &amp;quot;Наджелудочковая пробежка&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&amp;quot;Ventricular run (4 beats)&amp;quot; ► &amp;quot;Желудочковая пробежка&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;К сожалению, я не могу судить, насколько хорош этот перевод. Мне он кажется странным. &amp;quot;Ventricular run&amp;quot; это 4 или более желудочковых импульсов подряд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Есть ли в русской кардиологической практике такое понятие, как &amp;quot;runs&amp;quot;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это устоявшийся термин, или используется лишь в американской кардиологической практике?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это действительно называется &amp;quot;пробежка&amp;quot;?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5617" LastActivityDate="2020-10-01T12:46:05.070" Title="Русский перевод для &quot;Ventricular run&quot;" Tags="&lt;терминология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22891" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22888" CreationDate="2020-09-28T16:52:53.100" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The phrase “новых фото” is in the genitive case plural.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The whole sentence &lt;em&gt;Он добавил 10 новых фото&lt;/em&gt; is grammatically correct, it is exactly how that should be said in Russian. But the sentence is tricky for a learner of Russian since it has an indeclinable noun &lt;em&gt;фото&lt;/em&gt; and a numeral written in digits. Moreover, the numeral 10 &lt;em&gt;десять&lt;/em&gt; has its Accusative = Nominative, so it is not quite clear which word is in the Accusative case. But if we substitute those words for their analogs with all case forms distinct, &lt;em&gt;десять&lt;/em&gt; for &lt;em&gt;тысяча&lt;/em&gt; (feminine) and the truncated &lt;em&gt;фото&lt;/em&gt; for its full form &lt;em&gt;фотография&lt;/em&gt;, also a feminine noun with a full paradigm, we get&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он добавил тысячу новых фотографий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now we can clearly see that it is &lt;em&gt;тысячу&lt;/em&gt; which is in the Accusative case, and &lt;em&gt;фотографий&lt;/em&gt; is in the Genitive case. But why is it so?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is all about how Russian numerals govern the case of the nouns that follow them. It is explained in this answered question: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/7335/numerals-changing-the-case-of-adjectives-and-nouns&quot;&gt;Numerals changing the case of adjectives and nouns&lt;/a&gt;. What is important for your sentence is that 10 &lt;em&gt;десять&lt;/em&gt; puts the following noun phrase into the &lt;strong&gt;Genitive case plural&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;десять чёрных котов (ten black cats)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;десять спелых яблок (ten ripe apples)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;десять милых женщин (ten nice women)&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is valid not only for 10, but also for all the numerals from 5 to 20 and for all the bigger numbers ending in 5 – 9, and 0. If these numerals are in the Nominative or Accusative case, they turn the following noun phrase into the Genitive case. But if these numerals are in any other case, the following noun phrase is also in that same case:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы подарили цветы &lt;em&gt;милым женщинам&lt;/em&gt;. (Dative, “We gave flowers &lt;em&gt;to nice women&lt;/em&gt;”)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Мы подарили цветы &lt;strong&gt;десяти&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;милым женщинам&lt;/em&gt;. (Dative, “We gave flowers &lt;em&gt;to ten nice women&lt;/em&gt;”)&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы поговорили с &lt;em&gt;милыми женщинами&lt;/em&gt;. (Instrumental, “We talked &lt;em&gt;with nice women&lt;/em&gt;”)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Мы поговорили с &lt;strong&gt;десятью&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;милыми женщинами&lt;/em&gt;. (Instrumental, “We talked &lt;em&gt;with ten nice women&lt;/em&gt;”)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Naturally, &lt;em&gt;фото&lt;/em&gt; is inanimate, the thing to remember is that a noun in the Genitive case can be simply a noun in the Genitive case, not in the Accusative = Genitive case of animate nouns. Special attention is to be paid to the combination &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;numeral + adjective + noun&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, because it is here that all the complexity of the Russian case system and agreement is at its best (or worst).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/14836/agreement-of-numerals-adjectives-and-nouns&quot;&gt;Agreement of numerals, adjectives and nouns&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;and &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/13618/%D0%AF-%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D1%83-numeral-noun-governed-by-what-case&quot;&gt;Я вижу + numeral + noun - governed by what case?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-09-28T17:01:31.900" LastActivityDate="2020-09-28T17:01:31.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22893" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22852" CreationDate="2020-09-29T13:13:51.550" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это слово попало в русский из идиш и произносится с ударением на Е: &lt;em&gt;буре́кас.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А вот бурек, который в Википедии перечислен через запятую, имеет ударение на У. Так произносят в странах бывшей Югославии, где эти пирожки являются популярным фаст-фудом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4244" LastActivityDate="2020-09-29T13:13:51.550" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22894" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22896" CreationDate="2020-09-29T13:22:03.893" Score="1" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to do an exercise, and to give an idea of what we're supposed to do in the exercise, the author gives the following example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;книга в моей комнате&amp;quot; -&amp;gt; &amp;quot;книга у меня в комнате&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm trying to figure out the pedagogical purpose of the exercise. The first sentence I would translate as &amp;quot;The book is in my room&amp;quot;, and the 2nd as &amp;quot;My book is in the room&amp;quot;. I think the purpose is to change the 'subject' of the possession.  Is it this simple? Or am I missing something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12974" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-09-29T15:46:40.983" LastActivityDate="2020-09-30T21:02:28.733" Title="&quot;Книга в моей комнате&quot; vs &quot;книга у меня в комнате&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22896" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22894" CreationDate="2020-09-29T13:35:08.560" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian allows to tell the same thing different ways with slightest differences in meaning, and this is the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say that they both are translated to English as «The book is in my room». The first one is more grammatically correct, but rarely used in real life. The second one is a kind of simplification and is used more often in spoken language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I the first sentence makes a little bit more stress on «my &lt;em&gt;room&lt;/em&gt;», and the second one says that the book is «on &lt;em&gt;my&lt;/em&gt; side, &lt;em&gt;I&lt;/em&gt; have it, where? — in my room». But again, these are very thin effects…&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I hope I was clear enough :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4244" LastActivityDate="2020-09-29T13:35:08.560" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22897" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22889" CreationDate="2020-09-29T13:39:50.930" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я не кардиолог, но есть хороший сайт с тематическими словарями Мультитран, и там есть похожее выражение именно в медицинском словаре:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.multitran.com/m.exe?l1=1&amp;amp;l2=2&amp;amp;s=run%20of%20ventricular%20tachycardia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;run of ventricular tachycardia&lt;/a&gt; — пробежка желудочковой тахикардии&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Согласен, выражение странное.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4244" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-10-01T12:46:05.070" LastActivityDate="2020-10-01T12:46:05.070" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22898" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22894" CreationDate="2020-09-29T16:05:23.183" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The pedagogical purpose of the exercise is to introduce the specific Russian possessive construction “y + possessor in the Genitive case” which is rather unusual outside of the Slavic languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If what you wrote in your question is the exact way it is written in the exercise (no capital letter, no full stop), then those are noun phrases, not sentences, they both mean “book in my room”. Many languages including Russian use this way of saying it, but Russian has one more way, the “y + Gen.” construction which is explained in detail in this answered question: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/873/possessive-constructions-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9-vs-%D1%83-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F&quot;&gt;Possessive constructions: “мой” vs. “у меня”&lt;/a&gt;. The shift from your supposedly habitual wording “book in my room” to “book by me in room” (this is a word-for-word translation of the construction) includes&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the use of one more preposition, “y”;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the change of the possessive pronoun “мой” to the personal pronoun “я”;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the change of the case of the pronoun to Genitive, “я” &amp;gt; “меня”.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are supposed to be able to perform that 3-step transformation correctly and quickly, that is why you need to train doing that transformation, and training is the main purpose of every exercise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2020-09-29T16:05:23.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22899" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22901" CreationDate="2020-09-29T18:16:36.113" Score="0" ViewCount="180" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw this sentence in the OpenRussian corpus of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.openrussian.org/ru/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;examples&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Пробле́ма в том, что Вы - не кана́дец.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Shouldn't &lt;code&gt;кана́дец&lt;/code&gt; be in the genitive case (&lt;code&gt;не кана́дца&lt;/code&gt;?) due to negation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15052" LastActivityDate="2020-09-30T14:43:21.117" Title="Why is this negation *not* in the genitive case (не канадец)?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22900" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22894" CreationDate="2020-09-30T10:13:58.353" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Usage of words in Russian is often very nuanced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both phrases, &lt;code&gt;книга в моей комнате&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;книга у меня в комнате&lt;/code&gt;, are translated as &lt;code&gt;the book in my room&lt;/code&gt;.  Both sound contrived, whether in Russian or English, when used in context of mobile or lightweight objects.  However, either form can be used for large inanimate objects such as table, fireplace etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Стол в моей комнате&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;Стол у меня в комнате&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Камин в моей комнате&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code&gt;Камин у меня в комнате&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Камин в моей комнате&lt;/code&gt; accentuates the fireplace as a &lt;strong&gt;feature&lt;/strong&gt; of my room.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;code&gt;Камин у меня в комнате&lt;/code&gt; accentuates the &lt;strong&gt;location&lt;/strong&gt; of the fireplace in my room.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For animate objects, or events of nature, the first form is used to accentuate the &lt;strong&gt;discomfort or lack of ability to respond to the situation&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сквозняк в моей комнате жуткий (а в других комнатах - нет, и непонятно, почему)&lt;/code&gt; : Draft in my room is just terrible (but in the other rooms, it is ok, and I have no idea why it is so)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Комары в моей комнате совсем озверели (а выйти - нельзя)&lt;/code&gt; : Mosquitoes in my room are killing me (but I cannot leave the room)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Друзья в моей комнате расположились как у себя дома (а мне теперь - куда?)&lt;/code&gt; : Friends have made themselves quite comfortable in my room (and now I have got no place to stay myself)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second form is used to accentuate the &lt;strong&gt;comfort with, or ability to respond to the situation&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сквозняк у меня в комнате жуткий (и придётся заклеить окно)&lt;/code&gt; : Draft in my room is just terrible (and I will have to seal the window)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Комары у меня в комнате совсем озверели (так что я там долго не засиживаюсь)&lt;/code&gt; : Mosquitoes in my room are killing me (and because of that I do not stay there long)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Друзья у меня в комнате расположились как у себя дома (ну и хорошо)&lt;/code&gt; : Friends have made themselves quite comfortable in my room (and that is great).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, addition of a dash changes either phrase into a &lt;strong&gt;declaration&lt;/strong&gt; of the fact that the book &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; in my room:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Книга - в моей комнате.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Книга - у меня в комнате.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-09-30T13:09:21.430" LastActivityDate="2020-09-30T13:09:21.430" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22901" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22899" CreationDate="2020-09-30T14:43:21.117" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &amp;quot;- канадец&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;not&amp;quot; or not &amp;quot;not&amp;quot; is not important here)  is definition of Subject here.&#xA;It's the Nominative Case (and it's answering for the question &amp;quot;Who (is)?&amp;quot; ).&#xA;As they said, you you are confusing phrases &amp;quot;не канадец&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;нет канадца&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The function of Genetive Case is a show of origin or possessive one, but in the grammar meaning, not just semantic.&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ruspeach.com/learning/14657/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.ruspeach.com/learning/14657/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you said smth like &amp;quot;He haven't got the Canadian citizenship&amp;quot; - here the adjective would in Genetive C.&#xA;&amp;quot;Он не имеет  канадскОГО гражданствА&amp;quot;... this G.C. here is for the &amp;quot;citizenship&amp;quot;, and adjective would about this (the object &amp;quot;citizenship&amp;quot;, not the subject &amp;quot;He&amp;quot;), and in this Case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are wished to say smth in G.C. about this situation, it's maybe smth like this &amp;quot;Не Канада породила его, не канадского такого его&amp;quot; :)&#xA;&amp;quot;Из него не вышло канадца&amp;quot;,  &amp;quot;Из него не выйдет канадца&amp;quot;.&#xA;But this will be the other style of sentence and this may have other non-neutral connotations... :&amp;gt; And the other meaning really, such a negative prediction or negative affirmation about result of the process when he really tryed to make himself as Canadian. :&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. &lt;a href=&quot;https://pedsovet.su/rus/6789_kak_otlichit_roditelny_i_vinitelny_padezh&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://pedsovet.su/rus/6789_kak_otlichit_roditelny_i_vinitelny_padezh&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russkiy-pravilno.ru/kak-otlichit-imenitelnyj-padezh-ot-vinitelnogo/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://russkiy-pravilno.ru/kak-otlichit-imenitelnyj-padezh-ot-vinitelnogo/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastActivityDate="2020-09-30T14:43:21.117" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22902" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22818" CreationDate="2020-09-30T18:09:15.200" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Open-minded&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;без предубеждений&lt;/code&gt; (literally &amp;quot;without prejudice&amp;quot;), but be careful to create a correct context around as, as the second meaning is &amp;quot;a person who's easily up to anything&amp;quot;, in a negative meaning. Also, despite what Internet says, there is no such word &amp;quot;непредубежденный&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Close-minded&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;твердолобый&lt;/code&gt; (literally &amp;quot;rigid forehead&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="489" LastActivityDate="2020-09-30T18:09:15.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22903" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22894" CreationDate="2020-09-30T21:02:28.733" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The both mean &amp;quot;the book is in my room&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, I will try to explain the subtle difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first one is closer in the meaning to &amp;quot;the book is in the room that I own/possess&amp;quot;. You do not necessarily live there. Suppose you bought a room in a newly-constructed building, and never visited it. Now, there is somehow the book you are looking for occurred there. You say &amp;quot;книга в моей комнате в новом доме&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one implies you live in that room, not only own it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2020-09-30T21:02:28.733" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22904" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22905" CreationDate="2020-10-01T10:17:06.437" Score="3" ViewCount="171" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, which is correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Плохие люди уже близко!&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;or&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Плохие люди уже близки!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, would be helpful to understand the logic behind the adverb being used (if using the adverb is correct, that is.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15057" LastActivityDate="2020-10-13T18:56:53.983" Title="Should I use the близкий as an adjective or an adverb?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22905" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22904" CreationDate="2020-10-01T12:06:03.617" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Плохие люди уже близко&amp;quot; will sound tiny tad more natural compared to &amp;quot;плохие люди уже близки&amp;quot;, and here's why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Technically both forms are acceptable here. When you are using first form, you are sort of speaking about the fact that bad people are not that far around, with &amp;quot;близко&amp;quot; being not some immanent property of bad people but a mere statement, an estimate of distance, so it's люди (как далеко?) близко.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you are using the second one, you are talking about proximity as of attribute of the &amp;quot;bad people&amp;quot;, you know, sort of like &amp;quot;люди (каковы?) близки&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In many situations this two words are interchangeable, but still, not quite always. Compare following two sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы уже близки к достижению нашей оптимальной производительности.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Смотрите, уже виден изгиб реки. Это значит, что мы уже близко.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you'll leave just &amp;quot;мы уже близки&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;мы уже близко&amp;quot; and ask Russian native speaker to continue the sentence, in first case you most likely get statements about assessment of state, of how close we to some logical phase; while in second - description of physical proximity.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just to make it clearer, compare following almost identical phrases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы близки к провалу.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мы близко к провалу.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First will be perceived by native speaker with a failure (so, &amp;quot;we are close to failure&amp;quot;), second one - with being literally close to abyss.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-10-01T17:32:35.353" LastActivityDate="2020-10-01T17:32:35.353" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22906" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22904" CreationDate="2020-10-01T12:23:44.657" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here you shall use the adverb only (or so called short adjective близок, not form близкий). Плохие люди уже близки  :&amp;gt; &amp;quot;The evil people is near yet&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Плохие люди уже близко! or Плохие люди уже близки!&amp;quot; - the both forms are correct. 1 - &amp;quot;people as event&amp;quot;, 2 - &amp;quot;plural objects, these people&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;близко-близкий&amp;quot; It's some complicated case here. :)  The adjective &amp;quot;близкие, близкий&amp;quot; have got a connotation about &amp;quot;familiarity, intimacy, similarity&amp;quot;;&#xA;not only about a physical distance between objects.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this case this connotation, of course, is achieving full forse of it.&#xA;But if you say just &amp;quot;ЭТИ люди близки&amp;quot; it mean &amp;quot;these people are familiar, etc&amp;quot; (but it depend on context :&amp;gt; In general, &amp;quot;Эти люди уже близки&amp;quot; can be meaning &amp;quot;these people are locating near&amp;quot; too :&amp;gt;&#xA;In the some contexts the &amp;quot;Плохие люди уже близки&amp;quot; might be mean something like &amp;quot;these evil people had a sex, or have other intimate relations or friendship&amp;quot; yet )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Плохие люди - близкие&amp;quot; - sounds as a grammar mistake or a semantic (or moral, mb.) brain-twister .&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Плохие люди близки друг другу&amp;quot; - sounds good, and it's about &amp;quot;familiarity-similarity&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Это - близкие люди&amp;quot; sounds good, it's about &amp;quot;familiarity,etc&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Эти объекты - близкие&amp;quot;... hmm... there isn't enough additional information here, it seems to me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Раздалась близкая стрельба&amp;quot; - sounds good, and it's about &amp;quot;distance&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Это близкий мне человек &amp;quot; - sounds good, and it's about &amp;quot;familiarity,etc&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. Additionally, these &amp;quot;Плохие люди&amp;quot; sounds somehow childly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-10-01T12:52:16.780" LastActivityDate="2020-10-01T12:52:16.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22908" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22909" CreationDate="2020-10-03T03:22:43.423" Score="4" ViewCount="277" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across the phrase &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;каким боком&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; during my studies (&amp;quot;каким боком это тебя касается?&amp;quot;), and I can't wrap my head around what it means. Is it maybe interchangeable with &amp;quot;каким образом&amp;quot;? What is a good translation? And how does it come to mean something like that when it literally translates to &amp;quot;by which side&amp;quot; - can a Russian speaker shed some light on this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15057" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-10-07T15:07:41.593" LastActivityDate="2020-10-07T15:07:41.593" Title="Meaning of &quot;каким боком&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22909" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22908" CreationDate="2020-10-03T04:06:00.910" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a colloquial expression meaning “in what way”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand it as a witty reinterpretation of the abstract word &lt;em&gt;«касаться»&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;(to concern)&lt;/em&gt; in its original concrete sense &lt;em&gt;(to touch)&lt;/em&gt;.&#xA;So you may try to translate the pun as &lt;em&gt;on which side does it apply to you?&lt;/em&gt; if you wish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2020-10-03T04:06:00.910" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22910" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22911" CreationDate="2020-10-03T08:24:08.053" Score="5" ViewCount="231" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why &amp;quot;черника&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;брусника&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;голубика&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;костяника&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;клубника&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;земляника&amp;quot; all finish on &amp;quot;-ика&amp;quot; or even &amp;quot;-ника&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15064" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:53:23.723" Title="Similar endings of names of berries" Tags="&lt;словообразование&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22911" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22910" CreationDate="2020-10-03T09:27:42.527" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The suffix -ик- is fairly common amongst Slavic languages. Wiktionary has a great explanation for its usage in Proto-Slavic and its descendants: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ica&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ica&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Proto-Slavic is a reconstructed language, so keep that in mind.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The main working theory among linguists is that the names of berries satisfy the meaning 4: carrier of a property. As such черника is a berry that is black (черный) while земляника is a berry that grows close to the ground (земля). Голубика is blue (голубой), and I presume that костяника has a large stone inside (I have no idea—I've never eaten it :)).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T07:53:23.723" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:53:23.723" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22912" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22908" CreationDate="2020-10-03T09:32:00.863" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;1 А good translation is&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Remind me why that has anything to do with you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does that matter to you?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does it have to do with you?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How's that any of your business?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is that your problem?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 Никаким боком/местом means in no way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 When we have an idiom, no way should we translate it literally. But the dictionaries show a similar idiom in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тебя это ни с какого боку не касается — it's none of your business&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2020-10-04T14:49:37.617" LastActivityDate="2020-10-04T14:49:37.617" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22913" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22910" CreationDate="2020-10-03T12:44:04.673" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's what happened - you've chosen a subset of berries to prove some hypothesis which actually doesn't hold true if you care to have a bigger set. True, &lt;code&gt;-ника&lt;/code&gt; is very productive when it comes to berries, however here's (incomplete) list of other berries:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;облепиха&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;черёмуха&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;малина&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;черноплодка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вишня&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;черешня&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;чёрная и красная смородина&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;клюква&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;морошка&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;рябина&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;крыжовник&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those are, of course, berries in a non-scientific sense (as far as I remember &amp;quot;малина&amp;quot; strictly speaking is not a berry, just like as &amp;quot;земляника&amp;quot; by the way) - but people percept them as such.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now imagine someone coming up with a question why name of the berries end with &amp;quot;-ка&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;-ха&amp;quot; (or, &amp;quot;-ня&amp;quot;, whatever) in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-10-03T12:51:35.807" LastActivityDate="2020-10-03T12:51:35.807" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22914" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22915" CreationDate="2020-10-04T18:39:10.673" Score="13" ViewCount="3235" Body="&lt;p&gt;In his translation of &lt;em&gt;The Lord of the Rings&lt;/em&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Muravyov_(translator)&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vladimir Muravyov&lt;/a&gt; (В. Муравьёв) translates Tolkien’s expression “pipe-weed” as “трубочное зелье”. While “трубочное” evidently means “related to a pipe” and seems reasonable, Wiktionary (&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;English&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian&lt;/a&gt;) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.deepl.com/translator&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;DeepL&lt;/a&gt; agree that “зелье” means “potion”, i.e. an &lt;em&gt;infusion&lt;/em&gt; of herbs, implying moisture, while tobacco for smoking (i.e. pipe-weed) consists of dried leaves. None of those three sites gives such a meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why, then, does Муравьёв translate “pipe-weed” as “трубочное зелье”?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12497" LastEditorUserId="12497" LastEditDate="2020-10-05T20:32:11.387" LastActivityDate="2020-10-07T09:44:41.050" Title="Why is Tolkien’s “pipe-weed” translated as “трубочное зелье”?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22915" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22914" CreationDate="2020-10-04T18:46:50.917" Score="25" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;зелье&lt;/em&gt; comes from Proto-Slavic &lt;em&gt;*zelьje&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;grass, vegetation&amp;quot; which kept its meaning in many Slavic languages, including Church Slavonic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It shares the root with the word &lt;em&gt;зелёный&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;green&amp;quot;, and the latter actually descends from the former.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning of &amp;quot;potion&amp;quot; is a later development.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;зелье&lt;/em&gt; in its original sense is used in Russian every now and then:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Кто бы мог подумать, что заморская выдумка ― мороженое и это табачное зелье, которое еще так недавно русский народ называл чертовой травою, найдут покупщиков у самых дверей питейного дома? // Who could have thought that this foreign concoction, the ice-cream, and this tobacco herb, which Russian people had been calling &amp;quot;the devil's weed&amp;quot; so recently, would find buyers at the very door of a drinking establishment?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Въ прочемъ извѣстно, что къ ней примѣшивается ваниль, пряное зелье и сахаръ, а не рѣдко бываетъ и безъ двухъ первыхъ примѣсей. // It is known, nevertheless, that vanilla, spicy herbs and sugar are being mixed into it, and it's not rare for it to occur without the first two additives.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«‎… Чего нам ждать от него? Злое зелье вырывают с корнем. Вот тебе награда, изменник!» ― воскликнул он и острым кинжалом поразил предателя. // &amp;quot;What shall we expect from him? A pernicious weed is to be eradicated. Here's your reward, traitor&amp;quot;!, exclaimed he and smote the renegade with his sharp dagger.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This word, in my opinion, is a good way to translate &amp;quot;weed&amp;quot; in a Tolkien book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-10-05T15:22:44.547" LastActivityDate="2020-10-05T15:22:44.547" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22916" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22917" CreationDate="2020-10-05T10:57:01.130" Score="2" ViewCount="142" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to read Dostoevsky's &lt;em&gt;Crime and Punishment&lt;/em&gt;, and I had a question about the word &lt;code&gt;одною&lt;/code&gt; in this sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Квартирная же хозяйка его, у которой он нанимал эту каморку с обедом и прислугой, помещалась &lt;strong&gt;одною&lt;/strong&gt; лестницей ниже, в отдельной квартире, и каждый раз, при выходе на улицу, ему непременно надо было проходить мимо хозяйкиной кухни, почти всегда настежь отворенной на лестницу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the root and case of the word &lt;code&gt;одною&lt;/code&gt;? I could not find it in the declension table for &lt;code&gt;один&lt;/code&gt;. My computer considers it a spelling mistake. Why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15052" LastActivityDate="2020-10-06T09:37:29.383" Title="What word and case is `одною` in the phrase &quot;помещалась одною лестницей ниже&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22917" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22916" CreationDate="2020-10-05T11:27:56.937" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Whenever you are looking for a declension of specific word, start from wiktionary and switch to the Russian-language section, in the majority of cases there'll be a table with declensions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Один&amp;quot;/&amp;quot;одна&amp;quot; &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;are not exception&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/lMbRy.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/lMbRy.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, it also can be &lt;code&gt;одной лестницей ниже&lt;/code&gt; - this is actually the modern standard. &amp;quot;Одною&amp;quot; is obsolete (but still recognisable and even used to some extent) form, that's why your spell checker considers this a mistake.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-10-06T09:37:29.383" LastActivityDate="2020-10-06T09:37:29.383" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22918" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22914" CreationDate="2020-10-06T13:08:11.690" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Personally, I think he used term 'зелье' for same reason JRRT himself used 'weed' instead of 'tobacco'. I think he wanted to obscure pipe smoking a bit, instead of saying that everyone smoking Navy Flake :)&#xA;It's unusual though, I should agree.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15071" LastActivityDate="2020-10-06T13:08:11.690" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22919" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22914" CreationDate="2020-10-06T18:40:54.647" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The entry for зелье in S. I. Ozhegov's &lt;em&gt;Dictionary of the Russian Language&lt;/em&gt; (Словарь Русского Языка) (a Russian dictionary; nothing to do with translation) lists among four meanings:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The same as tobacco. (Old usage.) (То же, что табак (стар.).)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are much more reliable dictionaries and encyclopaedias than &amp;quot;wiki&amp;quot; or other online ones!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15073" LastEditorUserId="15073" LastEditDate="2020-10-07T09:44:41.050" LastActivityDate="2020-10-07T09:44:41.050" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22920" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14187" CreationDate="2020-10-08T18:57:22.423" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Execute the following AutoHotkey-Script:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;^]::send, {U+0301}&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On my german keyboard &lt;code&gt;]&lt;/code&gt; is the &lt;code&gt;*&lt;/code&gt; key, but for your keyboard you might need to find it out by pressing your key with russian layout. Now when I press &lt;code&gt;CTRL+]&lt;/code&gt; the last typed letter gets an accent. This is for me the fastest way to add an accent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Explanation of the script:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;^ = CTRL&#xA;] = ]&#xA;send, = send the following as input&#xA;{U+nnnn} = any unicode letter which can be seen in the Windows charmap&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This method is for me the most convenient, because I already use AutoHotkey for a few things (hotkey for closing any window, hotkey for opening browser, hotkey for opening terminal...).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7477" LastActivityDate="2020-10-08T18:57:22.423" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-10-08T18:57:22.423" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22921" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-10T17:14:10.910" Score="0" ViewCount="223" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a newbie using Memrise (memrise.com - a Russian language app) to build a vocabulary and my pronunciation, so please forgive me if this is a stupid question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тhe word, бояться, is pronounced in Memrise as &amp;quot;bi-yat-ca&amp;quot; but I would mistakenly pronounce it as &amp;quot;ba-yat-ca&amp;quot;. If the &amp;quot;я&amp;quot; is associated with the start of the second syllable, why is the &amp;quot;бо&amp;quot; portion pronounced as &amp;quot;bi&amp;quot; - as though the &amp;quot;я&amp;quot;  is part of the first syllable? I know that the я is actually two sounds [йа] so even if the й portion was attached to the end of the first syllable, I didn't hear the &amp;quot;а&amp;quot; at the start of the second syllable, I hear the full &amp;quot;я.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can anyone explain or refer me to the grammar rule guiding the pronunciation sound of а vowel followed by я?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15068" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-10-13T06:39:53.147" LastActivityDate="2020-10-13T06:39:53.147" Title="The pronunciation of а vowel followed by &quot;я&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22922" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22921" CreationDate="2020-10-10T22:09:51.430" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Бояться&lt;/em&gt; is pronounced as &lt;em&gt;[bɐjætsə]&lt;/em&gt; (with some regional variations in the first syllable, which can be &lt;em&gt;[ʌ]&lt;/em&gt; or even &lt;em&gt;[ə]&lt;/em&gt; in some dialects)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can listen to some actual pronunciations on &lt;a href=&quot;https://forvo.com/word/%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F/#ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;forvo&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not familiar with any pronunciation which would render the first vowel any close to &amp;quot;bi-yat-ca&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The wiki article about &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian phonology&lt;/a&gt; is not a bad 101 intro.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-10-10T22:09:51.430" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22923" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22924" CreationDate="2020-10-11T04:04:37.440" Score="29" ViewCount="14255" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently had a video call with a Russian girl, and in the middle of the conversation she called herself тающая щука. That made no sense in the context, so I used a mirror to try to understand what she meant:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian girl: Так что я тающая щука.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I: Тающая щука?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian girl: Да. Я тающая щука.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She didn't elaborate further, so I thought it was a Russian idiomatic expression I didn't know, and decided to look it up on the Internet after the call. To my surprise, Google returned no results whatsoever, so I got baffled and thought it might be a figurative use of some cultural reference. Dying of curiosity, I'm typing my question here in the hope that native speakers can shed some light.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What could тающая щука mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE: What a shame on me. I reddened at your answers. I see I must have totally misheard the phrase. I'll now explain the context in response to a comment below. The Russian girl is a gomokunarabe player whom I met on a game &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.playok.com/en/gomoku/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;server&lt;/a&gt;. I started chatting with her in Russian in a text chat, and she got confused and thought someone was trying to prank her, because she found it difficult to believe that a Japanese player would chat in Russian. I explained her that I'm an undergraduate student learning Russian, but my explanation didn't really help, so I offered her a video call. And we had a very nice video call. I said her playing style is pretty aggressive. She then explained how she enjoys setting up traps like a hard-to-see fukumi, especially when it comes to a mutual time trouble. It's right after this that she said what I interpreted as тающая щука.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11775" LastEditorUserId="11775" LastEditDate="2020-10-12T17:03:35.210" LastActivityDate="2020-11-30T06:40:04.747" Title="If a Russian girl calls herself a thawing pike (тающая щука), what could it mean?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;значения&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="8" FavoriteCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22924" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22923" CreationDate="2020-10-11T06:08:26.383" Score="35" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems she said &lt;em&gt;я та ещё щука&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Тот ещё&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;quite, some, hell of&amp;quot;, as in &amp;quot;That's some vacation you spent with me&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;That's quite a wife you have&amp;quot;, etc:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Скорее я могу быть генералом де Голлем, чем он ― секретарем райкома. Между прочим, он тот еще трус&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Твой Стрельников тот еще жук, и сам денег нагреб, и нам еще осталось.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Понятно, нынешняя деревня многолика, неоднородна, это тот еще слоеный пирог.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;She is saying &amp;quot;I'm something of a pike&amp;quot;, comparing herself to the predatory fish which would stay unseen and motionless in the water until it's the right time for it to dart out and catch its prey.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-10-12T12:31:15.650" LastActivityDate="2020-10-12T12:31:15.650" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22925" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22921" CreationDate="2020-10-11T17:28:28.530" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I spoke to a Russian native speaker (a software programmer) about the pronunciation of боятьса. She said that the way she thinks about it is that я consists of two sounds [йя] and that the й portion attaches to the preceding letter. If that letter is a hard consonant vowel (о, а) the vowel becomes ой or ай which gives it the proceeding letter an |ai| sound. She gave the example пойдём where the й is explicit in the spelling and pronounced it &amp;quot;piedyom&amp;quot;. She further explained that because the preceding letter is not a consonant the я retains its native &amp;quot;ya&amp;quot; sound, it does not become &amp;quot;a&amp;quot; as it would if the letter were consonant. she also gave a few disclaimers -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;her thoughts are confined to three letter syllables ending in а hard consonant vowel (а, о, э) followed by a  soft consonant vowel (я, ё, ю, е, и) as the first letter of the following syllable.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;not applicable for all case but ok for beginners.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and that she's emphasized that she's not an expert and these are just her thoughts.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried a few examples on Google Translate and it seems to confirm her thoughts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15068" LastActivityDate="2020-10-11T17:28:28.530" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22926" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22923" CreationDate="2020-10-11T20:08:09.530" Score="29" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm native russian speaker. If you had video/audio call, then you most likely misheard her.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;It is not &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Так что я тающая щука&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;It is &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Так что я та ещё сука&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;It's not an idiom it's more like just an emotional expression, which can be translated like: &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Well, I am a bitch&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Well, I am bitchy&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;In regular context it means like &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;I have a bad/nasty/mean temper&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15086" LastEditorUserId="15086" LastEditDate="2020-10-13T21:20:01.623" LastActivityDate="2020-10-13T21:20:01.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22927" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22923" CreationDate="2020-10-11T23:06:08.087" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'll base the answer on the variants @Quassnoi has provided as all of them are viable. I'll elaborate a bit further. I think the phrase was either 'та ещё щука' or 'та ещё сука', it depends on the cultural background and the manners of the girl. The variant 'та ещё штука' is less likely as it is usually said in a diminutive way: 'та ещё штучка'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll add that &amp;quot;та ещё щука&amp;quot; would mean a cunning, grasping person. This is a comparison to a strong vicious fish. Though I don't hear this specific phrase often in a modern Russian it's a nice picturesque description which goes in a line with a Russian tradition of comparing a person's character to other living creatures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15088" LastEditorUserId="15088" LastEditDate="2020-10-11T23:15:34.717" LastActivityDate="2020-10-11T23:15:34.717" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22928" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22932" CreationDate="2020-10-12T09:31:34.217" Score="1" ViewCount="222" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I finish my drink, I've often heard waitresses ask me: &amp;quot;Вы повторите это?&amp;quot; or something like that (maybe I heard wrong). The problem is I don't know how to ask for another drink. Do I say  &amp;quot;Я повторяю это&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Повторите это пожалуйста&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15052" LastActivityDate="2020-10-12T22:17:22.063" Title="How do I tell the waiter I want another drink: &quot;Я повторяю это&quot; or &quot;Повторите это&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22929" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22928" CreationDate="2020-10-12T12:16:29.073" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Option one would be awkward, if not rude.&#xA;The second is good when you ask her to repeat what she has just said.&#xA;Just say &amp;quot;Да, пожалуйста&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15091" LastActivityDate="2020-10-12T12:16:29.073" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22931" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22928" CreationDate="2020-10-12T19:13:25.593" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я повторяю это&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;I repeat saying this&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Повторите это пожалуйста&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;Please repeat what you just said&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Вы повторите это?&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;Will you repeat what you just said?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the waiter hears the first one, he/she will think that you are getting angry about that they do not understand or hear you. If you say the next two, the waiter will repeat what they said before that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you want another portion of drink or food, you can say &amp;quot;Дайте ещё такое же&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2020-10-12T19:18:32.817" LastActivityDate="2020-10-12T19:18:32.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22932" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22928" CreationDate="2020-10-12T22:17:22.063" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most likely waitresses asks not &amp;quot;Вы повторите это?&amp;quot; (Would you repeat it?) but &amp;quot;Вам повторить?&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;Would you like another?&amp;quot;)&#xA;It would be OK to say &amp;quot;Повторите&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Повторите пожалуйста&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14486" LastActivityDate="2020-10-12T22:17:22.063" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22933" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22904" CreationDate="2020-10-13T18:50:14.313" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As other people said, the use of adjective may mean similarity or familiarity in addition to distance, which may be not what you would want to express. As in English &amp;quot;Those bad people are already close [to each other]&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, близко somehow implies approaching direction with eventual encounter, while близки implies approaching direction to a lesser extent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another difference, adverb implies &amp;quot;reachable&amp;quot;, while adjective may imply physical closeness without being reachable. For instance, &amp;quot;Город находится близко от станции&amp;quot; - the city is close to the station (it is easily reachable), while &amp;quot;Город близок к станции&amp;quot; - may imply the city is near the station, but there is some obstacle that may make it unreachable (state border, river, swamp, etc)&#xA;There is a Russian proverb, &amp;quot;Близок локоть, да не укусишь&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;The elbow is close, but you cannot bite it&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2020-10-13T18:56:53.983" LastActivityDate="2020-10-13T18:56:53.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22934" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22923" CreationDate="2020-10-13T19:49:47.347" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Straight from the topic I thought that the original phrase was &amp;quot;я та ещё шлюха&amp;quot; - a cheeky way to say that I am sexually-unfettered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15100" LastActivityDate="2020-10-13T19:49:47.347" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22935" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22638" CreationDate="2020-10-15T13:43:47.490" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это, скорее, &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;Проигранные Победы&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; - ближе к немецкому оригиналу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В историческом контексте, &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;Пирровы Победы&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; звучит ещё лучше, но требует знания, о чём идёт речь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15012" LastEditorUserId="15012" LastEditDate="2020-10-15T14:38:48.043" LastActivityDate="2020-10-15T14:38:48.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22936" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22938" CreationDate="2020-10-15T15:08:36.073" Score="0" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am struggling to see why this sentence used perfective verbs when the use of imperfective ones would be more appropriate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ба́ня – э́то ме́сто, куда́ ру́сские лю́ди хо́дят, что́бы рассла́биться, встре́титься с друзья́ми и помы́ться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, apart from &lt;em&gt;ходят&lt;/em&gt;, the three verbs are all perfective despite they denote a habit that all Russians do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14367" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:31:08.970" Title="Perfective verbs to describe a routine" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;verb-aspects&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22938" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22936" CreationDate="2020-10-16T03:24:37.470" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Firstly, I feel that you may be confusing two independent grammatical concepts: perfect aspect-tense of English and perfective\imperfective aspects of Russian. These are similar, but not the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is even worse, there is no perfective aspect in English and no perfect aspect in Russian, so it makes it even more difficult to explain with examples :D&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The perfect aspect specifies that the action is finished by the time of consideration and has therefore produced a result.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The perfective aspect, in contrast, denotes that the action is described in its whole, without consideration for its internal organization.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's take &lt;code&gt;помыться&lt;/code&gt; as an example. Here, the verb is used to specify the entire process of washing oneself, where is its imperfective counterpart, &lt;code&gt;мыться&lt;/code&gt; is used instead for cases where the internal structure of washing is important. Consider the following examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Хочу помыться&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Завтра помоюсь&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мыться каждый день&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;Моюсь часами&lt;/code&gt;, or even &lt;code&gt;Cколько можно мыться?!&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Take particular note of &lt;code&gt;Завтра помоюсь&lt;/code&gt;: it describes an unfinished action with no result, yet it is perfective, as it defines the entire action altogether. It is a complete action but is not a completed one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast, consider an English sentence &lt;code&gt;I have washed the dishes last time!&lt;/code&gt; Its translation could be &lt;code&gt;Я помыл посуду в прошлый раз!&lt;/code&gt;, but a native speaker is likely to save some time (the overwhelming majority of imperfective verbs are shorter) or even deliberately point out the grueling and demanding nature of a struggle that is washing the dishes by saying &lt;code&gt;Я мыл посуду в прошлый раз!&lt;/code&gt; (here &lt;code&gt;мыл&lt;/code&gt; could also be underlined by the speaker's intonation and a gesture of shaking an open palm facing upwards :D). So a perfect verb in English can directly translate into an imperfective Russian one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, in your specific example, the word &lt;code&gt;чтобы&lt;/code&gt; introduces a subordinate clause. Think of it this way: &lt;code&gt;ходят&lt;/code&gt; is indeed reflecting the habitual nature of the visit to the &lt;code&gt;баня&lt;/code&gt; and is appropriately imperfective, but what people are visiting it &lt;em&gt;for&lt;/em&gt; are actions that are denoted wholesale, with no regard for the inner structure of their processes—we don't particularly care if they are a habit or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As @Alexander has pointed out in the comments, you could have both perfective and imperfective verbs follow &lt;code&gt;чтобы&lt;/code&gt;, and indeed &lt;code&gt;ходят чтобы мыться&lt;/code&gt; would focus on the habitual nature of visits &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; the continuous process of washing yourself, while &lt;code&gt;ходят чтобы помыться&lt;/code&gt; is specifying the habitual nature of a visit &lt;strong&gt;but&lt;/strong&gt; a complete (but not necessarily completed :D) action of getting clean.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T07:31:08.970" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:31:08.970" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22939" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22940" CreationDate="2020-10-16T18:56:17.013" Score="0" ViewCount="156" Body="&lt;p&gt;So this is from Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment, so I'm not sure if this an archaic 19th century expression, because I don't see how the word &lt;code&gt;взор&lt;/code&gt; is being used in this sentence. Does it just mean &amp;quot;every kind of&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но останавливаться на лестнице, слушать &lt;strong&gt;всякий взор&lt;/strong&gt; про всю эту&#xA;обыденную дребедень, до которой ему нет никакого дела, все эти&#xA;приставания о платеже, угрозы, жалобы, и при этом самому&#xA;изворачиваться, извиняться, лгать, – нет уж, лучше проскользнуть&#xA;как-нибудь кошкой по лестнице и улизнуть, чтобы никто не видал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I used Reverso Context and Linguee but I could not find any simple or modern uses of the phrase  &lt;code&gt;всякий взор&lt;/code&gt;. The only other use of the phrase I could find was some obscure poem, which is even more difficult to understand: &lt;code&gt;Всякий взор к добру стремится, нет достоинства во зле.&lt;/code&gt; from a &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.friends-partners.org/literature/20century/zabolotsky/zabolotskygrsh5.html(opt,mozilla,mac,russian,koi8,new)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;1946 poem by Nikolay Zabolotsky&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15052" LastActivityDate="2020-10-18T15:04:32.533" Title="What does &quot;всякий взор&quot; mean in this context? Is it a phrase?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;литература&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22940" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22939" CreationDate="2020-10-16T20:53:43.517" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a scanning mistake, the word is:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Вздор&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но останавливаться на лестнице, слушать всякий вз&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;ор про всю эту&#xA;обыденную дребедень...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just use other sources of the text.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2020-10-17T10:19:35.380" LastActivityDate="2020-10-17T10:19:35.380" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22941" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-18T13:00:23.193" Score="-1" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;Имеется следующее предложение:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На прошлой неделе, в условиях зарождающейся оттепели, администрация США,&#xA;по просьбе Москвы, начала военные переговоры о растущей российской&#xA;поддержке сирийского режима.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему-то кажется, что первое обособление (&lt;em&gt;в условиях зарождающейся оттепели&lt;/em&gt;) точно верное, а вот насчёт второго (&lt;em&gt;по просьбе Москвы&lt;/em&gt;) есть сомнения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15004" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T09:03:10.353" Title="Нужно ли в данном случае обособлять уточняющие обстоятельства?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22942" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22939" CreationDate="2020-10-18T15:04:32.533" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As to the other part of your question, there is nothing complicated in this line:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Всякий взор к добру стремится, нет достоинства во зле&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rough translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Every look turns towards the good, there is no virtue in the evil.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Взор simply means 'look' (noun).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-10-18T15:04:32.533" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22945" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-20T22:25:02.897" Score="4" ViewCount="303" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am not exactly asking for a translation, because the literal translation is obvious. I am rather looking for the closest expression that conveys the same meaning and emotions, so:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How would I say &amp;quot;This made my day&amp;quot; in Russian?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English when something is making your day it means that you have the sense of fulfillment and joy of observing it, it makes you feel that the day is lived for a purpose no matter how it ends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of my favorite Internet resources has some invaluable insights:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/z1Vm2.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/z1Vm2.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;UPDATE:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I think by far my favorite way of saying it in Russian would be:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это лучшее, что случилось со мной сегодня!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5" LastEditorUserId="5" LastEditDate="2020-10-22T18:07:04.443" LastActivityDate="2020-10-22T18:07:04.443" Title="How would I say in Russian: &quot;This made my day&quot;?" Tags="&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22946" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22945" CreationDate="2020-10-21T06:57:12.843" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;I hate it when people translate it literally, though there is no unique expression and you are supposed to receive a bunch of answers (according to the context)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My suggestions are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У меня сразу поднялось настроение. Это меня порадовало.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-10-21T06:57:12.843" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22947" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22945" CreationDate="2020-10-21T13:00:38.513" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;it can be translated literally, as representative of the younger generation &lt;strong&gt;I guarantee&lt;/strong&gt; you for sure people will understand you. it uses quite often as a phrase: &amp;quot;Это сделало мой день&amp;quot;. For sure it is more informal style and I would use it only talking with my friends or who same age as me. It can be used in situation when something funny was happened and no matter what is going to be next you will stay cheerful until day ends.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15120" LastActivityDate="2020-10-21T13:00:38.513" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22948" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22941" CreationDate="2020-10-21T16:13:48.643" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Уточняющее обособленное обстоятельство - это выделяемое запятыми слово или сло­восочетание, которое отвечает на вопросы&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ГДЕ ИМЕННО? КОГДА ИМЕННО? ОТКУДА ИМЕННО? КАК ИМЕННО?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и конкретизируют место, время или образ действия, о котором го­ворится в предложении.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На прошлой неделе в условиях зарождающейся оттепели администрация США по просьбе Москвы начала военные переговоры о растущей российской поддержке сирийского режима.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда? На прошлой неделе (обстоятельство времени)Когда именно? Можно ли ответить&#xA;&amp;quot;в условиях зарождающейся оттепели&amp;quot;?&#xA;Нет, и это очевидно.&#xA;А для &amp;quot;по просьбе Москвы&amp;quot; где вообще пара?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На прошлой неделе, во вторник, к нам приехали родители.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2020-10-21T16:58:12.537" LastActivityDate="2020-10-21T16:58:12.537" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22949" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22951" CreationDate="2020-10-22T12:39:21.530" Score="2" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;I saw this example sentence on &lt;a href=&quot;https://learnrussianwords.com/search-results/?find=not%20news&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;LearnRussianWords.com&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То́же мне но́вость! Об э́том бы́ло изве́стно уже́ неде́лю наза́д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The suggested translation was:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That's not news! It was known a week ago.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However I could not understand the phrase: &lt;code&gt;То́же мне но́вость&lt;/code&gt;. Literally it sounds like the opposite: &amp;quot;That's also news to me&amp;quot;. Why is it translated as: &amp;quot;That's not news!&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15052" LastActivityDate="2020-10-22T14:29:29.377" Title="Please explain the phrase &quot;Тоже мне новость!&quot;" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22950" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22949" CreationDate="2020-10-22T12:41:16.443" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider this translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as if that's news&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4600" LastActivityDate="2020-10-22T12:41:16.443" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22951" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22949" CreationDate="2020-10-22T14:29:29.377" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;«Тоже мне», with words exactly in this sequence, is a set phrase that means &amp;quot;not really&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;as if&amp;quot; and is used to express irony.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you wanted to say &amp;quot;this is news to me too&amp;quot;, that would be «&lt;strong&gt;Для меня&lt;/strong&gt; это тоже новость».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2020-10-22T14:29:29.377" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22952" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-23T18:37:50.657" Score="0" ViewCount="77" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правильно ли используется тире в следующих случаях -&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Надо подумать - в каком случае ты продолжишь работу над этой задачей.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;А в каком - нет?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Например - если получила удовольствие, то продолжаешь.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(в последнем случае - можно ли использовать тире вместо запятой)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15129" LastActivityDate="2020-10-24T10:31:39.237" Title="Можно ли использовать тире вместо других знаков препинания?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22953" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-23T18:50:53.290" Score="1" ViewCount="146" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TL/DR:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between &lt;em&gt;щиколотка&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;лодыжка&lt;/em&gt;, and which one is a better suited translation for &amp;quot;Ankle zips with reflective detailing&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a personal vocabulary exercise, I decided to translate the English descriptions in a clothing magazine into Russian. I'm using Yandex translate to guide me through the process, and I've noticed that sometimes it'll provide two different translations depending on whether I include closing punctuation with the English input.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the magazine, a description at the bottom of a pair of athletic leggings reads, &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Ankle zips with reflective detailing&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. Aside from &amp;quot;with&amp;quot;, I'm not familiar with any of these words in Russian, so I typed the entire phrase into the translator, and, yes, received two different translations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Detailed Question:&lt;/em&gt; The two translations I received are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Молнии на щиколотках со светоотражающими деталями&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Лодыжки молнии с отражающей отделкой&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After some research, I understand that both &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;лодыжка&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;щиколотка&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; are related to the word &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;ankle&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, but I can't find a clear difference between the words, nor can I decipher which word would fit in the description I'm attempting to translate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also can't figure out why the word order and phrasing with the word &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;лодыжка&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; would be &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Лодыжки молнии&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, but the word order and phrasing with the word &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;щиколотка&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; would be &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Молнии на щиколотках&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The translations also provide two different translations for &amp;quot;reflective&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;detailing&amp;quot;, although I think I understand the difference. From what I gather, &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;светоотражающий&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; refers more to a reflective surface, while &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;отражающий&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; refers more to the concept of mentally reflecting on, or looking back at, something, and &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;деталь&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; in this context is more like the little details on the surface of clothing, while &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;отделка&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; is more like the detailed &amp;quot;finish&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;trim&amp;quot; around the edges. However, I'm not positive about these assessments.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15128" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-10-24T13:57:42.327" LastActivityDate="2020-10-24T14:04:27.910" Title="What is the difference between лодыжка and щиколотка as a translation of &quot;ankle&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;&lt;одним-словом&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22954" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22952" CreationDate="2020-10-24T10:31:39.237" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;На мой взгляд, тут только во втором случае можно поставить тире (но не требуется).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тут типичный случай для двоеточия: сложное предложение без союзов и вторая часть предложения раскрывает первую.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Надо подумать: в каком случае ты продолжишь работу над этой задачей.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Перед словом &amp;quot;нет&amp;quot; в конце фразы можно ставить тире, а можно — нет. Это весьма спорный вопрос. На &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;соседнем стаке о Русском&lt;/a&gt; (не спрашивайте почему их два) можно найти &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/a/434079/197493&quot;&gt;следующий&lt;/a&gt; ответ:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В данном случае тире обозначает паузу в речи и обычно ставится, но не всегда (зависит от структуры предложения и желания автора).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;А в каком - нет?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;или&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;А в каком нет?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Здесь слово &amp;quot;например&amp;quot; играет роль типичного вводного слова и выделяется запятой. Например, можете посмотреть подробное &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/punctum/punctum-attach2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;описание этого правила на Грамоте&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Например, если получила удовольствие, то продолжаешь.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastActivityDate="2020-10-24T10:31:39.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22955" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22953" CreationDate="2020-10-24T13:47:10.737" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лодыжка&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;щиколотка&lt;/em&gt; are synonyms in everyday speech, they both mean &amp;quot;ankle&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some people use the word &lt;em&gt;лодыжка&lt;/em&gt; for the ankle joint in the anatomical sense, and &lt;em&gt;щиколотка&lt;/em&gt; for the protruding bone which is visible outside. But it's not a common distinction, and most speakers don't really differentiate between the two.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for the translation, I think you're looking for this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Молния со светоотражающей отделкой на щиколотке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Detailing&amp;quot; as in &amp;quot;ornamentation or decoration on a piece of clothing&amp;quot; would be &lt;em&gt;отделка&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;деталь&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Reflective&amp;quot; as in safety feature is better put as &lt;em&gt;светоотражающий&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;light-reflective&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, &lt;em&gt;со светоотражающей отделкой&lt;/em&gt; is better placed next to the word &lt;em&gt;молния&lt;/em&gt;. Literally, your original phrase would read as &amp;quot;zips on ankles with reflective detailing&amp;quot;, and it's not immediately clear which one has the detailing: the zips or the ankles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's obvious from the context of course, but it's stylistically better to avoid this confusion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-10-24T14:04:27.910" LastActivityDate="2020-10-24T14:04:27.910" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22956" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22957" CreationDate="2020-10-24T15:57:03.320" Score="2" ViewCount="176" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm struggling to understand the meaning of this. Is it something like &amp;quot;it's what's inside that counts&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7169" LastActivityDate="2020-10-24T17:02:17.150" Title="Idiom: своя в доску, но не доска" Tags="&lt;идиомы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22957" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22956" CreationDate="2020-10-24T16:49:47.527" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Свой в доску&amp;quot; means 'a close friend', 'someone you can trust'. &amp;quot;Свой&amp;quot; is often opposed to &amp;quot;чужой&amp;quot; (us versus them) meaning &amp;quot;one of us&amp;quot; (whoever those 'us' may be). &amp;quot;В доску&amp;quot; is basically an intensifier, in line with similar slang expressions: &amp;quot;в дюпель&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;в зюзю&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;в дрыбаган&amp;quot;, etc. &amp;quot;Свой в доску&amp;quot; is an idiom. It's also how they chose to translate the title of the film &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_Man_(film)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Soul Man&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Доска&amp;quot; (also &amp;quot;дерево&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;бревно&amp;quot;) are slang words for &amp;quot;frigid woman&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Those are two separate expressions put together for a comic effect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-10-24T17:02:17.150" LastActivityDate="2020-10-24T17:02:17.150" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22959" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-25T08:57:53.420" Score="1" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;В частности, как правильно: &amp;quot;как на русском, так и (на) английском языке&amp;quot; или &amp;quot;как на русском, так и (на) английском языках&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15133" LastActivityDate="2020-10-27T05:24:37.873" Title="Как правильно согласовать в числе существительное после прилагательных, вводимых союзом &quot;как..., так и&quot;?" Tags="&lt;согласование&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22960" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-25T10:40:17.617" Score="1" ViewCount="319" Body="&lt;p&gt;Referring to the title of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Os1dSz82SXU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;song by IOWA&lt;/a&gt;, what does it mean? I understood it literally as &amp;quot;I got sick with you&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;I made you sick&amp;quot;, but I think I'm missing something.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15052" LastActivityDate="2020-11-24T09:37:03.850" Title="How to translate &quot;я заболела тобой&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22961" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22960" CreationDate="2020-10-25T13:09:38.713" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This might be not the best translation but it was my first association with the song you quoted: &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/MxtYzo0OLXs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;I'm mad about you&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;. Besides, it's just a nice song.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2020-10-25T14:22:35.630" LastActivityDate="2020-10-25T14:22:35.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22962" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22959" CreationDate="2020-10-25T13:20:33.557" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как на русском, так и на английском языках. Или как на русском языке, так и на английском. Как на русском, так и на английском языке&#xA;То есть возможны оба варианта. Второй и третий варианты поздазумевают эллипсис, то есть слово язык не повторяется, а подразумевается как на русском языке, так и на английском (языке). Существительное вообще может опускаться.&#xA;Как на русском, так и на английском.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2020-10-27T05:24:37.873" LastActivityDate="2020-10-27T05:24:37.873" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22963" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22965" CreationDate="2020-10-26T07:01:04.043" Score="9" ViewCount="2927" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian news articles about Formula 1 driver Max Verstappen, for example &lt;a href=&quot;https://tass.ru/sport/9807697&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;this recent one&lt;/a&gt;, always seem to transliterate his last name as &lt;strong&gt;Ф&lt;/strong&gt;ерстаппен instead of (what I would expect) &lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt;ерстаппен. What is the reason for this? Pronouncing his name in Dutch with an F would sound rather odd. The same article transliterates the name of one of his opponents, Valtteri Bottas, as Валттери Боттас. Is it because that would cause the 'е' to be pronounced as (using IPA notation) ɪ (like e.g. in велик)? If so, wouldn't make using an э, so Вэрстаппен, more sense? Or am I overthinking the difference in pronunciation between Ф and В too much?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6350" LastActivityDate="2020-10-29T15:17:01.907" Title="Why is Max Verstappen's last name transliterated with a Ф ('F') instead of a В ('V')?" Tags="&lt;transliteration&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22965" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22963" CreationDate="2020-10-26T11:02:30.147" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wikipedia indeed mentions that this corresponds to practical Dutch transliteration, as you can clearly see from exactly &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the article&lt;/a&gt; linked. A Dutch &amp;quot;v&amp;quot; is usually transliterated as &amp;quot;в&amp;quot;, we say &amp;quot;ван Дамм&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Велдховен&amp;quot;, not &amp;quot;фан Дамм&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Фелдховен&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However - and that fact might seem quite annoying to Dutchmen, quite often if the name sounds German enough (and Verstappen does sound that way) by mistake it is transliterated that way. In fact, in past times sometimes it used to happen even with English names (see the pic - yep, it's Бертран Рассел).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sZyBs.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sZyBs.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If a mistake was made once, it can stay for a long time, if not forever, because people sort of got used to it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-10-27T22:53:22.893" LastActivityDate="2020-10-27T22:53:22.893" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22967" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22877" CreationDate="2020-10-26T16:57:16.083" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I heard or read (I don't remember now) it comes from word &amp;quot;burglar&amp;quot; because angle grinder is good for cutting metal doors, bars and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15137" LastActivityDate="2020-10-26T16:57:16.083" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22968" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22969" CreationDate="2020-10-29T07:18:12.897" Score="0" ViewCount="78" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть ли какой-то сайт, на котором можно написать предложение и получить назад то же самое предложение, но с добавленным ударением?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, input:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я иду в магазин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Output:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я иду́ в магази́н.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11708" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2020-10-29T07:54:30.900" LastActivityDate="2020-10-29T07:54:30.900" Title="Есть ли какой-то сайт, на котором можно написать предложение и получить назад то же самое предложение, но с добавленным ударением?" Tags="&lt;обучение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2020-10-29T10:58:14.387" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22969" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22968" CreationDate="2020-10-29T07:30:43.617" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Да, есть:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://morpher.ru/accentizer&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://morpher.ru/accentizer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если что, сайт и программу расстановки ударений разработал я.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-10-29T07:30:43.617" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22970" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22971" CreationDate="2020-10-29T08:10:43.307" Score="0" ViewCount="96" Body="&lt;p&gt;Compare these two constructions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он полон страстнейше&lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt; силы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он полон страстнейше&lt;strong&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt; силы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's going on here? As far as I can tell, both are feminine, &amp;quot;творительный падеж&amp;quot;...so why are there two options? Is the second an archaic form or does it have an actual usage that escapes me here?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9685" LastActivityDate="2020-10-29T18:10:27.410" Title="What is the grammatical difference between &quot;страстнейшей&quot; and &quot;страстнейшею&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22971" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22970" CreationDate="2020-10-29T08:36:09.243" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The second one seems wrong to me due to lack of agreement between noun an adjective.&#xA;Он полон страстнейшею силою (силой) is an option, since I think полон allows both творительный и родительный падежи&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14581" LastActivityDate="2020-10-29T08:36:09.243" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22972" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22977" CreationDate="2020-10-29T13:49:27.137" Score="2" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am wondering when the expression фунт презрения was introduced. On Google Books, the &lt;strong&gt;oldest&lt;/strong&gt; occurrence of фунт презрения seems to be in Slezkin's &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/books?id=ANIeAAAAIAAJ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Козел в огороде&lt;/a&gt; (1923):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но только в силу моего мягкого характера Марьянка на все это ноль&#xA;внимания, фунт презрения. — Говорят вам, нет ничего! И понимаете,&#xA;даже с такой обидой в голосе, точно бы я тиран или деспот домашний&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is corroborated by the &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D1%84%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2019&amp;amp;corpus=25&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D1%84%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Ngram Viewer&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I assume that the books digitized by Google come mostly from American libraries. However, since I am not familiar with the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_State_Library&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Digital Leninka&lt;/a&gt;, this is the best I can do at the moment.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am looking for &lt;strong&gt;older&lt;/strong&gt; occurrences of фунт презрения. The older, the better.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7395" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-04-01T20:03:42.563" LastActivityDate="2021-04-01T20:03:42.563" Title="When was the expression &quot;фунт презрения&quot; introduced?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;идиомы&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22973" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22963" CreationDate="2020-10-29T15:17:01.907" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because it makes a difference between W and V&#xA;W is usually transliterated into В or У (for example dr. Watson in different translations is  доктор Ватсон or доктор Уотсон, but the first one is more popular) and V transliterates into Ф. Also it can depend of the original language, in this case Dutch&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15148" LastActivityDate="2020-10-29T15:17:01.907" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22974" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-29T15:28:26.503" Score="3" ViewCount="111" Body="&lt;p&gt;Adverb? Preposition? Particle/Delimiter? Is there a recommended book where I can look up such questions? I couldn't find it in the New Penguin Russian Course book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15052" LastActivityDate="2020-10-29T16:35:59.560" Title="What kind of word is &quot;Оттого&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22975" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22974" CreationDate="2020-10-29T16:21:32.670" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is an indicative pronoun (указательное местоимение), similar to это, то, того... &amp;quot;Оттого, что...&amp;quot; is a conjunction (союз).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-10-29T16:21:32.670" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22976" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22974" CreationDate="2020-10-29T16:30:29.067" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can play a role of either &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;adverb (наречие)&lt;/a&gt; - in most of the cases - or, sometimes, conjunction (&amp;quot;союз&amp;quot;) pretty much like it counterparts &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;поэтому&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;потому&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; etc.&#xA;You can find this information in any decent Russian dictionary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes this kind of adverbs are called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;местоименные наречия&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; - as opposed to so-called &lt;a href=&quot;https://russky.info/ru/grammar/adverbs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;знаменательные наречия&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-10-29T16:35:59.560" LastActivityDate="2020-10-29T16:35:59.560" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22977" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22972" CreationDate="2020-10-29T17:27:30.203" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The whole idiom consists of two parts, i.e. Ноль внимания, фунт презрения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruscorpora.ru gives the earliest mentioning of the fist part by Чехов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А какое, мой друг, несчастие, какая насмешка быть сутулым, лохматым, сереньким, порядочным и неглупым, и влюбиться в эту хорошенькую и глупенькую девочку, которая на вас &lt;strong&gt;ноль внимания&lt;/strong&gt;! [А. П. Чехов. Красавицы (1888)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And the whole phrase a bit later by Куприн.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;. И. Куприн. На переломе (Кадеты) (1900) [омонимия не снята] Все примеры (1)&#xA;― Прохожу мимо ― &lt;strong&gt;нуль внимания и фунт презрения&lt;/strong&gt;. [А. И. Куприн. На переломе (Кадеты) (1900)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-10-29T17:27:30.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22978" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22970" CreationDate="2020-10-29T18:10:27.410" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Страстнейшая&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Именительный падеж&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Страстнейшая&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Родительный падеж&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Страстнейшей&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дательный падеж&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Страстнейшей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Винительный падеж&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Страстнейшую&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Творительный падеж&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Страстнейшею&lt;/strong&gt;,&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Страстнейшей&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Предложный падеж&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Страстнейшей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After &lt;strong&gt;полон&lt;/strong&gt; you can use either&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;родительный падеж(genitive) полон чего? &lt;strong&gt;страстнейшей силы&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or творительный (instrumental) полон чем? &lt;strong&gt;страстнейшей силой&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and &lt;strong&gt;страстнейшею силою /силой&lt;/strong&gt; ( this one is mostly used in poetry or folklore)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Compare a tale by Pushkin&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пришел невод с &lt;strong&gt;одною&lt;/strong&gt; рыбкой,&lt;strong&gt;непростою&lt;/strong&gt; рыбкой, &lt;strong&gt;золотою&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope it helps.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-10-29T18:10:27.410" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22979" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22960" CreationDate="2020-10-30T01:19:47.827" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я заболела тобой&amp;quot; is a Russian idiom which literally means: &amp;quot;I fell in love with you&amp;quot;. Moreover the meaning is about female love: you can see the last &amp;quot;а&amp;quot; letter in word &amp;quot;заболела&amp;quot;. If a man sang such words in any song it would be &amp;quot;заболел&amp;quot; (without last one &amp;quot;a&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15151" LastEditorUserId="15052" LastEditDate="2020-10-31T20:02:08.950" LastActivityDate="2020-10-31T20:02:08.950" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22980" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22981" CreationDate="2020-10-30T07:46:02.373" Score="7" ViewCount="518" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the newspaper &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izvestia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Izvestia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; I have seen the phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;число случаев&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;количество случаев&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://iz.ru/1030404/2020-07-01/chislo-vyiavlennykh-sluchaev-koronavirusa-v-mire-prevysilo-103-mln&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В мире число случаев заражения коронавирусом превысило 10,3 млн.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In the world, the number of cases of coronavirus infection has exceeded 10.3 million.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://iz.ru/1036558/2020-07-17/kolichestvo-sluchaev-koronavirusa-v-uzbekistane-prevysilo-15-tysiach&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Количество случаев заболевания COVID-19 в Узбекистане превысило 15 тыс&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The number of COVID-19 cases in Uzbekistan has exceeded 15 thousand.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am assuming both of them mean &amp;quot;number of cases,&amp;quot; but what, exactly, is the difference between &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;число&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;количество&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and are they completely interchangeable?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2020-10-31T22:59:42.057" LastActivityDate="2020-11-03T17:23:24.453" Title="What is the difference between &quot;число&quot; and &quot;количество&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22981" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22980" CreationDate="2020-10-30T09:00:18.597" Score="17" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;количество&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;quantity&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;число&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;number&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the examples you cited they are synonymous, but not in all cases. For example you can say &lt;em&gt;количество масла&lt;/em&gt; for &lt;em&gt;amount of butter&lt;/em&gt;. Here, of course число doesn't work. Число only works with countable nouns so far as I have seen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2020-10-31T07:27:45.373" LastActivityDate="2020-10-31T07:27:45.373" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22984" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-10-31T20:26:22.863" Score="2" ViewCount="91" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some linguists (see this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bbc.com/news/world-44569277&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;BBC article&lt;/a&gt;) have estimated that the average native speaker has approximately 20,000 words in their vocabulary (obviously not counting all inflections and declension for cases). Likewise the Russian &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.russia.edu.ru/russian/levels/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ministry of education&lt;/a&gt; defines C2-level (native-proficiency) as having a vocabulary of about 20,000 words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, how are verbs counted? Is &lt;code&gt;делать-сделать&lt;/code&gt; counted as two words, or one word? This is a question about the definition of &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Russian_lemmas&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;lemma&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; in Russian linguistics - do Russian linguists consider two aspects of the same verb to be from the same lemma, the same word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would appreciate any references to academic studies in Russian on the subject of counting the number of words in the language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15052" LastActivityDate="2020-11-01T19:57:29.153" Title="Linguistics: perfect and imperfect aspects of a verb considered to be the same &quot;word&quot; (lemma)?" Tags="&lt;лингвистика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22985" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22987" CreationDate="2020-10-31T22:51:53.817" Score="2" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are some examples I found in &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izvestia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Izvestia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;маленький&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://iz.ru/news/619441&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;... &lt;strong&gt;маленький по размеру гранатомет&lt;/strong&gt; в мире ...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;... the &lt;strong&gt;smallest grenade launcher&lt;/strong&gt; in the world ...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://iz.ru/news/317206&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;... 25 руб. за &lt;strong&gt;маленький стаканчик&lt;/strong&gt; ...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;... 25 rubles for a &lt;strong&gt;small glass&lt;/strong&gt; ...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://iz.ru/news/339311&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Маленький город&lt;/strong&gt; ...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;small town&lt;/strong&gt; of ...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;малый&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://iz.ru/1072904/ekaterina-vinogradova/iz-za-pandemii-malyi-biznes-uidet-v-minus-na-trillion-rublei&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Сколько из этих 4,5% приходится на &lt;strong&gt;малый бизнес&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;How much of that 4.5% is &lt;strong&gt;small business&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://iz.ru/991005/2020-03-24/krasnoknizhnogo-malogo-lebedia-zametili-na-ozere-vo-vladivostoke&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Малый (тундровый) лебедь&lt;/strong&gt; обитает на ...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;small (tundra) swan&lt;/strong&gt; lives in ...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://iz.ru/1027667/2020-06-25/s-mks-zapustili-vtoroi-voennyi-sputnik-ssha-za-nedeliu&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;С Международной космической станции 24 июня запустили &lt;strong&gt;малый спутник&#xA;Red-Eye-3&lt;/strong&gt;, принадлежащий Пентагону, сообщили в NASA.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Pentagon's &lt;strong&gt;small satellite Red-Eye-3&lt;/strong&gt; was launched from the International Space Station on June 24, NASA reported.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How should I know when to use which, or does it matter?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do these two words have any collocations and if so what are some of the more common ones?  I can tell already that &lt;strong&gt;малый&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;бизнес&lt;/strong&gt; are paired quite a bit.  Using that as an example, is there a difference between:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;маленкий бизнес&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;малый бизнес&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;other than the fact that &lt;strong&gt;малый бизнес&lt;/strong&gt; appears to be more common?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastActivityDate="2020-11-20T00:56:24.830" Title="In terms of meaning and usage, what is the difference between &quot;маленький&quot; and &quot;малый&quot; when they mean &quot;small&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22986" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22985" CreationDate="2020-11-01T00:21:11.883" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian, &lt;em&gt;малый&lt;/em&gt; roughly corresponds to English &amp;quot;lesser&amp;quot;, as in &amp;quot;lesser panda&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lesser Antilles&amp;quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's used in some set expressions, like aforementioned &lt;em&gt;малый бизнес&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Малый Театр&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;малая родина&lt;/em&gt; etc., as a non-comparable classifier.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not a measure of quantity like in &amp;quot;little&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;small&amp;quot;. It's one smaller thing or one class of smaller things out of two or several things or classes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another idiomatic usage is expressions like &lt;em&gt;малой кровью, малой ценой, малыми усилиями&lt;/em&gt; etc., meaning &amp;quot;at a smaller expence or effort than was expected&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;А если при работе гидроусилителя раздается «ворчание и бурчание», то тут уж малой кровью не обойтись.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Именно неспособность обновлённой сборной России добиваться побед малой кровью, за счёт строгости и дисциплины, считалась её ахиллесовой пятой.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я буду только жалеть, что слишком малой ценой заплатил за твою любовь.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a comparative adjective, you should use &lt;em&gt;маленький&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Church Slavonic and Old Russian, &lt;em&gt;малый&lt;/em&gt; meant just &amp;quot;little&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;small&amp;quot; and was used as a comparative adjective, the same way &lt;em&gt;маленький&lt;/em&gt; is used now.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is used in this sense in modern Russian as well, but in archaic or mannered speech:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Поехали, оставляя позади малую хатку на заметённой улице и старую женщину в тёмном.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;И включил свой славный ящичек на малую громкость.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;А те им за малую благостыню на гербовых листах злостные кляузы строчат на ближних.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that the word &lt;em&gt;маленький&lt;/em&gt; does not have a proper short form, and the form &lt;em&gt;мал&lt;/em&gt; is used as a short form for either adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2020-11-20T00:56:24.830" LastActivityDate="2020-11-20T00:56:24.830" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22987" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22985" CreationDate="2020-11-01T00:32:35.073" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Маленький&lt;/strong&gt; is the default word for '&lt;strong&gt;small&lt;/strong&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Малый&lt;/strong&gt; is usually used in a sense of '&lt;strong&gt;lesser&lt;/strong&gt;' -  that is to say when there are two or more instances of something. For example when it comes to business there is the big corporate stuff - &lt;strong&gt;большой бизнес&lt;/strong&gt; and what is known in English as '&lt;strong&gt;small business&lt;/strong&gt;' - that would be &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;малый бизнес&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Маленький бизнес&lt;/strong&gt; is also a legit term you could use, but it simply would imply a really small business (literally), rather than a general opposite of the '&lt;strong&gt;big business&lt;/strong&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example would be &lt;strong&gt;Малая Медведица (Ursa Minor)&lt;/strong&gt; as opposed to &lt;strong&gt;Большая Медведица (Ursa Major)&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Малый&lt;/strong&gt; is not used in a sense of lesser or smaller in a direct comparison. You don't say '&lt;strong&gt;малое из двух зол&lt;/strong&gt;', you say '&lt;strong&gt;меньшее из двух зол&lt;/strong&gt;'.&#xA;It is also not used to literally describe the size of an object -  that would be '&lt;strong&gt;маленький&lt;/strong&gt;' or '&lt;strong&gt;небольшой&lt;/strong&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Малый&lt;/strong&gt; is also a colloquial, if a bit old-fashioned way of saying '&lt;strong&gt;fella&lt;/strong&gt;' / '&lt;strong&gt;lad&lt;/strong&gt;',  usually referring to kids, adolescents or very young men. Not used much these days, but you can still come across '&lt;strong&gt;славный малый&lt;/strong&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="10749" LastEditDate="2020-11-01T05:55:05.043" LastActivityDate="2020-11-01T05:55:05.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22988" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22984" CreationDate="2020-11-01T10:56:04.733" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Grammatical Dictionary of Russian (which the Ministry of Education and Science &lt;a href=&quot;https://rg.ru/2009/08/21/russkiy-slovari-dok.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;recommends&lt;/a&gt; as a normative reference) treats different aspect verbs as different lemmas:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Члены видовой пары глаголов рассматриваются как самостоятельные слова (каждое со своей парадигмой). &lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramdict.ru/preface1#aspect&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://gramdict.ru/preface1#aspect&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-11-01T19:57:29.153" LastActivityDate="2020-11-01T19:57:29.153" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22989" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-01T18:29:10.843" Score="3" ViewCount="155" Body="&lt;p&gt;These is a sentence in English that is formed in the following way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I kinda feel &lt;em&gt;((adj))&lt;/em&gt; about &lt;em&gt;((sth))&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my notation of it, &lt;strong&gt;((sth))&lt;/strong&gt; is something (some sort of situation), and &lt;strong&gt;((adj))&lt;/strong&gt; is an adjective expressing a specific feeling (for example, nervous, jealous, curious).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to the general meaning of that phrase as I understand it, the speaker felt indifferent to ((sth)) prior to ((sth)) happening, but when ((sth)) actually happened, the speaker is not sure if that indifference has changed to feeling ((adj)) or not. Generally, it's equal to 'I am not sure if I'm still indifferent to what has happened or feeling somehow else about it'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, my question is: how to express just the same thing in Russian, but keeping it English-level short and in the voice of the speaker? While Russian is my native language, I am going through this confusion of word choice for quite a while.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thanks for any suggestions!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit:&lt;/strong&gt; since my question turned out to be too vague and general for others to understand, I'm extending it with an example of a dialogue where such wording is used. Let's say, Alice and Bob are having a talk about Mallory. In my case, it will go like below.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A:&lt;/strong&gt; Will you feel jealous of Mallory if he'll win a fortune?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B:&lt;/strong&gt; To be honest, I don't really care much. After all, it's not me who'll be so lucky.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A:&lt;/strong&gt; Okay, Bob, actually, Mallory won one million dollars in a lottery today!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B:&lt;/strong&gt; Uh... &lt;em&gt;Now I kinda feel jealous&lt;/em&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15159" LastEditorUserId="15159" LastEditDate="2020-11-02T11:35:45.153" LastActivityDate="2020-11-02T19:57:11.683" Title="Expressing the uncertainty about having a specific feeling" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22990" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22989" CreationDate="2020-11-02T16:02:25.190" Score="2" Body="&lt;h3&gt;I didn't expect I would feel this&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are looking for a way to convey a surge of emotion you wouldn't expect to feel before, I would go with &lt;em&gt;что-то&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Это, Боб, такое дело, Мэллори сегодня и правда выиграл в лотерею миллион долларов!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Ну вот. Теперь мне что-то завидно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Что-то&lt;/em&gt; particularly conveys that you didn't not expect you would feel envious but now you realize you do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for keeping the active voice, this depends on the emotion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian tends to convey emotions and feelings using verbs like &lt;em&gt;я завидую, я ревную, я боюсь&lt;/em&gt; and impersonal predicatives &lt;em&gt;мне завидно, мне страшно, мне больно&lt;/em&gt; rather than personal constructs with adjectives that English tends to use &amp;quot;I am (or feel) afraid, jealous, hurt&amp;quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you for some reason absolutely need a personal construct here (and for this particular emotion), you could use something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;— Ну вот. Теперь я что-то завидую.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or a generic construct with &lt;em&gt;чувствую&lt;/em&gt; for the emotions which don't have explicit verbs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;— Ну вот. Теперь я что-то чувствую себя неловко.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the verb form does not work well for all emotions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In addition, the impersonal form (something happening to you, not something you are doing) emphasizes that you are experiencing an emotion you didn't expect to.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3&gt;I'm not sure if I'm feeling this or not&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are to convey that you're not sure whether you are feeling it or not, I would go with &lt;em&gt;вроде и&lt;/em&gt;, which is quite similar to English &lt;em&gt;kinda&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Если Мэллори выиграет кучу денег, тебе будет завидно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Честно, мне всё равно. Не мне же, в конце концов, такое счастье.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Это, Боб, такое дело, Мэллори сегодня и правда выиграл в лотерею миллион долларов!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Ну вот. Теперь вроде и завидно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-11-02T19:57:11.683" LastActivityDate="2020-11-02T19:57:11.683" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22991" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22980" CreationDate="2020-11-03T17:23:24.453" Score="-3" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is no difference between &amp;quot;число&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;количество&amp;quot; - exept one moment that knows not even russians but only philologist. You cannot say &amp;quot;количество людей&amp;quot; you have to say &amp;quot;число людей&amp;quot;. When you say about human, you have to use only &amp;quot;число&amp;quot;, but if you say something about fruits, animals, books - you can use both words &amp;quot;число&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;количество&amp;quot;. But for the fruits and things better use &amp;quot;количество&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15164" LastActivityDate="2020-11-03T17:23:24.453" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22992" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-05T02:49:55.053" Score="4" ViewCount="276" Body="&lt;p&gt;I find the use of ‘for’ in Russian a bit confusing as there are several possible options. So I’d like know the appropriate use of the following: За/Про/Для, with some examples of possible.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which one is the correct use in the following sentence:&#xA;Свобода,это не для/про/за нас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15166" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T22:39:09.777" Title="Which one is correct: За нас/Про нас/Для нас" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22993" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22992" CreationDate="2020-11-05T18:50:23.667" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;When combined with &amp;quot;us&amp;quot;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;За&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;On the side of&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Instead of&amp;quot;. For example: &amp;quot;Он вступился за нас&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;He spoke/fought for us&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Он сделал это за нас&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;He did it in our stead&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Про&amp;quot; generally means &amp;quot;about&amp;quot;. I am struggling to find any examples where &amp;quot;for&amp;quot; should be translated as &amp;quot;про&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Для&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;for the sake/benefit/purpose of&amp;quot;. For example: &amp;quot;Он сделал это для нас&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;He did it for our benefit&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2020-11-05T18:50:23.667" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22994" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22992" CreationDate="2020-11-06T15:39:43.390" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;@Alexander has already provided a good answer which I have upvoted. He has explained the meanings of the three words which you were considering. I would like to expand on that base by talking about what would happen if you used each of them in your sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My experience watching Americans learn Russian is that they start with translating by word substitution. So they say &amp;quot;For is для.&amp;quot; Then they find out that that is not always true and so they start memorizing 'exceptions' and building decision trees. But this quickly becomes unmanageable. Advanced learners get over this hurdle by gaining a real understanding of the picture drawn by each Russian word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A good exercise to build this skill is to plug candidate words into a sentence and try to figure out what the sentence would mean. If the result is nonsensical or not what we wanted to say, we discard it. Let's try that with your sentence and your candidate words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Свобода не за нас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While this literally is &amp;quot;Freedom is not for us.&amp;quot; it is in the sense &amp;quot;Freedom is not acting in our behalf.&amp;quot; It is &amp;quot;for&amp;quot; in the same sense used by the Apostle Paul at Romans 8:31: &amp;quot;Если Бог за нас, кто против нас?&amp;quot; (If God is for us, who is against us?)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Свобода не про нас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would seem to mean &amp;quot;Freedom is not about us.&amp;quot; Like @Alexander I can't think of an expression in English where &amp;quot;for&amp;quot; could be translated &amp;quot;про&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Свобода не для нас.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means &amp;quot;Freedom is not for us.&amp;quot; in the sense that freedom is not something we get to use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We use &amp;quot;для&amp;quot; to talk about how something will be used or who gets to use it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Этот подарок для вас. (This gift is for you.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Эта книга для вас. (This book is for you.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это приспособление для открытия банок. (This is a device for opening cans.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You may also be interested in an article I have written about translating &amp;quot;for&amp;quot;:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.readyrussian.org/Handouts/Usage%203--For.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.readyrussian.org/Handouts/Usage%203--For.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2020-11-26T22:39:09.777" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T22:39:09.777" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22996" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="22997" CreationDate="2020-11-11T07:15:12.707" Score="2" ViewCount="145" Body="&lt;p&gt;Must we decline Бангладеш? If the answer is 'no', then I'm curious why, and what gender does it have? Technically it's both страна (country) and государство (state); the grammatical gender of these two is different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastActivityDate="2020-11-11T16:01:10.410" Title="Is Бангладеш a declinable Russian noun?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22997" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22996" CreationDate="2020-11-11T09:01:52.693" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Словарь собственных имён русского языка&#xA;Автор Ф. Л. Агеенко.&#xA;Печатное издание М.: ООО «Издательство &amp;quot;Мир и Образование&amp;quot;», 2010.&#xA;© Электронная версия, «ГРАМОТА.РУ», 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Словарь имён собственных&#xA;Бангладеш [дэ], &lt;strong&gt;нескл.&lt;/strong&gt; (гос-во в Юж. Азии)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The name is indeclinable. It can be seen in this dictionary on грамота.ру You should just memorize it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Справочник по русскому языку для средней школы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У несклоняемых существительных - географических названий - род определяется по определяющему их слову:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Калахари – пустыня – женский род&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тбилиси – город – мужской род&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Онтарио – озеро – средний род&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This information is used for adding a corresponding adjective.Еxample:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Тбилиси мой любимый и родной.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бангладеш -- республика, that is why it is considered to be feminine by some dictionaries.&#xA;But I would not recommend to use an adjective without a word республика, страна, государство.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it is not usually declined.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Этот студент из Бангладеш. Они приехали из Бангладеш.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2020-11-11T16:01:10.410" LastActivityDate="2020-11-11T16:01:10.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22998" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22996" CreationDate="2020-11-11T09:03:47.293" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Must we decline Бангладеш?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;a href=&quot;http://gramdict.ru/search/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;dictionaries&lt;/a&gt;, Бангладеш is feminine and indeclinable. Thus, in formal writing, it should be used as such. Anything else will be rightfully considered an error. Google stats have no say in what is right or wrong in formal Russian. Dictionaries do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As to the 'why' part of your question, why does the actual usage deviate from dictionary norms? Rare words sometimes get 're-adopted' into Russian with a different declension or gender as we recently saw happen with Ухань which was first captured in dictionaries as feminine but later reintroduced as masculine by media authors who don't read dictionaries.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is quite rare for a feminine noun to end in -ш without a trailing soft sign. The spelling of Бангладеш without a soft sign at the end, IMHO, was the main reason why it was reinterpreted as a masculine noun. One other such word is У́торгош. It is declinable but oscillates between feminine and masculine: в Ма́лой У́торгоши / в Ма́лом У́торгоше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-11-11T15:03:13.317" LastActivityDate="2020-11-11T15:03:13.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="22999" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22996" CreationDate="2020-11-11T09:27:31.397" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;First of all, the gender of words &amp;quot;госудрство&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;страна&amp;quot; has nothing to to with the gender of the entity itself - the latter is just doesn't affected, compare two sentences:Ф&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Экономически развитое государство Франция&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Красивая страна Франция.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second thing I want to mention - grammar rules are not set in stone, we can not ignore the fact of actual usage, we can only classify this non-standard usages by the actual level of their admissibility.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some existing norms, like saying &amp;quot;зво́нить&amp;quot; are not permissible, say on TV or radio, some are de-facto used even there, though, strictly speaking, they are not correct. Declining Bangladesh belongs to the second group:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/p3XsV.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/p3XsV.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same holds true about gender - it's quite often used (if the term &amp;quot;often&amp;quot; is applicable to mentioning Бангладеш in Russian-speaking context at all) in masculine, like in &amp;quot;густонаселённый Бангладеш&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;опасный Бангладеш&amp;quot; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-11-11T09:27:31.397" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23000" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23005" CreationDate="2020-11-12T12:30:22.483" Score="3" ViewCount="116" Body="&lt;p&gt;For some reasons, I have difficulties with determining which part of speech is &lt;strong&gt;навстречу&lt;/strong&gt;.&#xA;For instance, something like that:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она шла ему навстречу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Adverb or preposition? And how do you usually determine it, e.g. how are pupils in school taught to do it? Thanks for help.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T22:36:40.990" Title="How to determine what part of speech is the word «навстречу»?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23001" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23002" CreationDate="2020-11-12T12:43:45.727" Score="1" ViewCount="148" Body="&lt;p&gt;I want to write &amp;quot;Lesson 1&amp;quot; in Russian.&#xA;Is the sentence &amp;quot;Урок одӣн&amp;quot; correct? Or should I write &amp;quot;одно&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;одна&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What way is correct?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15162" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-11-26T19:44:53.680" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T19:44:53.680" Title="In &quot;Lesson one&quot;, should I use одӣн, одна or одно?" Tags="&lt;множественное-число&gt;&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ClosedDate="2020-11-12T17:51:29.467" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23002" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23001" CreationDate="2020-11-12T13:42:32.887" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;You have two options:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Урок номер один (not одӣн!)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That means literally &amp;quot;Lesson number one&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or you could say&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Первый урок/ Урок первый&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That means literally &amp;quot;First lesson&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A couple of other points:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;одӣн seems like a misspelling of один. Russian doesn't have the letter &lt;code&gt;ӣ&lt;/code&gt;, but does have &lt;code&gt;й&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;одно is neuter and одна is feminine. In the example above, номер is masculine and so is один, and they have to match in gender&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2020-11-24T07:04:19.847" LastActivityDate="2020-11-24T07:04:19.847" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23003" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23000" CreationDate="2020-11-12T13:49:23.497" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Adverb or preposition?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она шла ему навстречу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A preposition normally goes before a noun or pronoun (it is &amp;quot;pre-posed&amp;quot; to a noun or pronoun), so it's not a preposition in this sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what about a similar sentence?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она шла навстречу ему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here it could be analysed as a preposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastActivityDate="2020-11-12T13:49:23.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23004" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9464" CreationDate="2020-11-12T14:42:59.683" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference in meaning is only evident in a relatively small group of nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;сад, лес, мост, берег, Крым, Дон, ад, кровь, даль, Пермь&lt;/strong&gt; and others.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These words have a clear distinction between the locative and the prepositional: using one instead of the other will sound ungrammatical to most native speakers: *гулять в саде, *разочароваться в Крыму.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second group is comprised of words that are gradually losing said distinction:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;дуб, мыс, стог, щель, счёт&lt;/strong&gt; and others.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Such words allow the use of the prepositional form in place of the locative form (but not vice-versa): &lt;strong&gt;на дубе / на дубу, в стоге / в стогу, &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%2C%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83&amp;amp;year_start=1860&amp;amp;year_end=2019&amp;amp;corpus=36&amp;amp;smoothing=3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;на счёте / на счету&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some of these words have only lost the distinction in some of their meanings while retaining it in other meanings, e.g. &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramdict.ru/search/%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9?additional=%D0%9F%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;строй&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (социальный, музыкальный vs военный), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramdict.ru/search/%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3?additional=%D0%9F%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;круг&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (фигура vs общность), &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramdict.ru/search/%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB?additional=%D0%9F%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;угол&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (angle vs corner).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;На дому&lt;/strong&gt; effectively became an adverb (vs &lt;strong&gt;на доме&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The third, and largest, group are those words which lost or never had the distinction. Using the -у form with them will sound odd. E.g. in 1920-1950s it &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=%D0%B2%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%2C%D0%B2%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83&amp;amp;year_start=1800&amp;amp;year_end=2019&amp;amp;corpus=36&amp;amp;smoothing=3&amp;amp;direct_url=t1%3B%2C%D0%B2%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D0%B2%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2C%D0%B2%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%D0%B2%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%3B%2Cc0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;was correct&lt;/a&gt; to say &amp;quot;в отпуску&amp;quot; but these days you are bound to raise some eyebrows if you dare to use such expression.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Related StackExchange questions:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/4128/2104&quot;&gt;Is there a way to determine substantives ending in &amp;quot;-у&amp;quot; when used in context of localisation?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/q/14853/2104&quot;&gt;Is there ever a time when one uses по́ле to refer to the floor?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="10991" LastEditDate="2021-03-10T18:56:54.000" LastActivityDate="2021-03-10T18:56:54.000" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23005" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23000" CreationDate="2020-11-12T19:36:42.453" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;When навстречу does not have a dependent word, it is an adverb&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Навстречу шла она. Она шла навстречу&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whenever you have a dependent noun or a pronoun (кому?) in the dative or in older texts in the genitive, then it is a preposition, no matter where it stands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Она шла ему навстречу. Она шла навстречу ему. Навстречу поезду мчалась машина. Машина мчалась поезду навстречу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Словарь Ожегова)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="4903" LastEditDate="2020-11-26T22:36:40.990" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T22:36:40.990" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23009" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-15T01:19:05.810" Score="2" ViewCount="76" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a given sentences, does the noun after a connective go into the same case of the noun before the connective or does it go into a different case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&#xA;Я должнá звони́ть матери и (тётя) пóсле лéкции&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this example, мать goes into the genitive case, would тетя also go into the genitive or would it go into a different case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15189" LastActivityDate="2020-11-15T01:53:37.807" Title="Cases after connectives" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23010" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23009" CreationDate="2020-11-15T01:53:37.807" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sure, both nouns should be in the dative case not genitive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;звонить (кому?) матери и тёте.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-11-15T01:53:37.807" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23011" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23012" CreationDate="2020-11-17T22:54:08.503" Score="4" ViewCount="257" Body="&lt;p&gt;How does&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ругаются на нее другие, а ей что по спине, что по&#xA;стене [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;become&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The others cursed them, but it was water off a duck's back [...]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;when Google Translate is saying&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Others swear at her, but her back and&#xA;the wall.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is &lt;em&gt;а ей что по спине&lt;/em&gt; an idiom?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(From &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Day_in_the_Life_of_Ivan_Denisovich&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a href=&quot;http://sd-inform.org/upload/books/Literatura/Solgenicin/Odin%20denj%20Ivana%20Denisovitcha.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Here's a PDF of it&lt;/a&gt; in Russian. Page 24.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10165" LastEditorUserId="10165" LastEditDate="2020-11-27T10:09:53.187" LastActivityDate="2020-12-05T08:39:07.877" Title="Is &quot;а ей что по спине&quot; an idiom? Or, how to understand it?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23012" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23011" CreationDate="2020-11-18T07:05:00.820" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;«а ей &lt;strong&gt;что по спине, что по стене&lt;/strong&gt;» can be approximately translated as &amp;quot;hitting her on the back is like hitting a wall&amp;quot;. A similar English idiom is indeed &amp;quot;it was &lt;strong&gt;water off a duck's back&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, it is an idiom, meaning she &lt;strong&gt;doesn't care&lt;/strong&gt;, and it's a good translation, meaning just the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Google can't help with idioms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="1688" LastEditDate="2020-11-18T14:50:25.863" LastActivityDate="2020-11-18T14:50:25.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23013" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="833" CreationDate="2020-11-19T08:27:49.930" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I suppose everything below is for &amp;quot;intermediate&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;advanced&amp;quot; levels.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Various WEBSITES:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://wordassociations.net/ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://wordassociations.net/ru/&lt;/a&gt; - An associative dictionary for enriching artistic language;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://jeck.ru/tools/SynonymsDictionary/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://jeck.ru/tools/SynonymsDictionary/&lt;/a&gt; - Dictionary of synonyms&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://kartaslov.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://kartaslov.ru/&lt;/a&gt; - Map of words and expressions of the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://glvrd.ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://glvrd.ru&lt;/a&gt;.  Glavred Ilyakhova - Cleans out &amp;quot;rubbish&amp;quot; and bureaucratese in the text.  You need to use it without fanaticism, since it is adjusted to informational-commercial texts.  Suitable for those who unconsciously overload sentences and do not see why this is bad.  The service highlights unwanted words and gives a capacious, slightly sarcastic explanation on the right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.xn----7sbbiparddsgqdgdxrq.xn--p1ai/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.онлайн-исправление.рф/&lt;/a&gt; Program for automatic correction of typos and mistakes;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.languagetool.org/ru&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.languagetool.org/ru&lt;/a&gt; Grammar and style corrector;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://orthographia.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://orthographia.ru/&lt;/a&gt; Russian spelling and punctuation rules.&#xA;Complete academic reference book edited by V.V.Lopatin;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://old-rozental.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://old-rozental.ru/&lt;/a&gt; D.E. Rosenthal: Reference book on the Russian language - spelling and punctuation;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://old-punctum.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://old-punctum.ru/&lt;/a&gt; Punctuation reference book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;on-line libraries:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lib.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.lib.ru/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://loveread.ec/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://loveread.ec/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.e-reading-lib.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.e-reading-lib.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://militera.lib.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://militera.lib.ru/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://royallib.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://royallib.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://flibusta.is/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://flibusta.is/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rusf.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.rusf.ru/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.twirpx.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.twirpx.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.litres.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.litres.ru/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.vostlit.info/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.vostlit.info/&lt;/a&gt; - Library of historical texts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.m-translate.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.m-translate.ru/&lt;/a&gt; is a good online auto-translator.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On-line QUIZ game in Russian &lt;a href=&quot;https://russia.triviador.net/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://russia.triviador.net/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Etymology:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.proto-indo-european.ru/pie-roots-all.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.proto-indo-european.ru/pie-roots-all.htm&lt;/a&gt; - list of Indo-European wordroots in Russian(etc).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.etymonline.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.etymonline.com/&lt;/a&gt; - English (this is related) etymology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; - Wiktionary with etymology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2020-11-19T09:07:16.713" LastActivityDate="2020-11-19T09:07:16.713" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2020-11-19T08:27:49.930" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23014" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23017" CreationDate="2020-11-19T22:53:48.773" Score="3" ViewCount="139" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have the following doubt:&#xA;Is there a difference in these phrases below?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;видел&lt;/strong&gt; его, когда он выходил из магазина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я &lt;strong&gt;увидел&lt;/strong&gt; его, когда он выходил из магазина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does the first one mean &amp;quot;I &lt;strong&gt;was seeing&lt;/strong&gt; him when he was leaving the store&amp;quot; and the second one mean &amp;quot;I &lt;strong&gt;saw&lt;/strong&gt; him when he was leaving the store&amp;quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12701" LastActivityDate="2020-11-21T21:29:02.880" Title="Perfective x Imperfective doubt" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23015" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22985" CreationDate="2020-11-20T00:52:52.880" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Маленький = small&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Малый = minor&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2020-11-20T00:52:52.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23016" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23014" CreationDate="2020-11-20T06:25:25.327" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я видел его, когда он выходил из магазина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This видел means a process of watching somebody leaving the shop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я увидел его, когда он выходил из магазина.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The perfective version just mentions the fact. I saw him.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-11-20T06:25:25.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23017" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23014" CreationDate="2020-11-20T11:11:42.003" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both sentences describe a one-time event (me seeing him once). There is hardly any difference between them. The second sentence might imply that the speaker was looking for 'him' before he saw him while the first is likely saying that they simply bumped into each other on the way to the shop.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Russian imperfective aspect is &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; equivalent to the English Continuous group of tenses. Imperfective verbs can denote continuous actions (сидел и читал) as well as complete actions: Я читал эту книгу. (I've read this book.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-11-20T11:11:42.003" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23019" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18237" CreationDate="2020-11-20T13:24:31.800" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It seems that no one answered the question correctly. Ништяк is a nominalization of Gipsy (Roma) word &amp;quot;mishto&amp;quot; that literally means &amp;quot;good&amp;quot;. For the Russian speakers &amp;quot;mishto&amp;quot; sounds very closely to &amp;quot;ничто&amp;quot; (nominative case) or &amp;quot;ничего&amp;quot; (same word in genitive case). While it literally means &amp;quot;nothing&amp;quot;, its colloquial meaning is &amp;quot;not bad&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;good&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;okay&amp;quot; and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15202" LastEditorUserId="15202" LastEditDate="2020-11-20T13:39:07.440" LastActivityDate="2020-11-20T13:39:07.440" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23020" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23014" CreationDate="2020-11-20T18:55:29.780" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Was seeing&amp;quot; vs &amp;quot;saw&amp;quot; captures the difference in grammar correctly, but not the nuances in the meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;видел&amp;quot; implies a one-time event. &amp;quot;I saw him&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;Or was seeing him&amp;quot;), end of story.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;увидел&amp;quot; implies some form of a context - either narrative or contemporary linked. &amp;quot;When did you see him?&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;I saw him when he was leaving the store&amp;quot; (exactly when it happened). Or, &amp;quot;I saw him when he was leaving the store, so I caught up with him to say 'Hi!'&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2020-11-20T18:55:29.780" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23021" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23014" CreationDate="2020-11-20T20:37:53.037" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Lucas, to understand aspect of a Russian verb (PFV (perfective), that all Slavonic languages share) may be difficult for a speaker of a Western European language. I am not sure what is your language background and if there are any similarities in the languages you may know. Understanding this grammatical category may be especially difficult for a speaker of English, because this category originates in Greek language. There is an English idiom that goes: This is Greek to me. So I think it may be better to go for theory right away instead of trying to figure it out one case after another.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5189" LastEditorUserId="5189" LastEditDate="2020-11-21T21:29:02.880" LastActivityDate="2020-11-21T21:29:02.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23022" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="18237" CreationDate="2020-11-22T19:56:48.513" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd say that &amp;quot;ништяк&amp;quot; associates with &amp;quot;ничего себе&amp;quot;, which means &amp;quot;wow&amp;quot;. And often the meaning is &amp;quot;вау ништяк&amp;quot;. However the &amp;quot;wow effect&amp;quot; of a &amp;quot;ништяк&amp;quot; might be weak (depends on the context).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another similar, but different meaning is &amp;quot;кайф&amp;quot;, or &amp;quot;ништяк кайфово&amp;quot;, which means &amp;quot;kaif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;high&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;buzz&amp;quot;, denoting very high excitement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not very often, &amp;quot;ништяк&amp;quot; can be used as a noun, where it means something blurred between a feature, an interesting thing, and a gift. It can be also in plural &amp;quot;ништяки&amp;quot;. For example, &amp;quot;Дед мороз принёс нам кучу ништяков&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;В сервис добавили много новых ништяков&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;Я там тебе пару ништяков на окне оставил.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It can be also used in an adverbial form &amp;quot;ништячно&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;ништяково&amp;quot;, which means &amp;quot;cool&amp;quot;. But more often people will say short &amp;quot;ништяк&amp;quot;. For example: &amp;quot;а ты ништяк поёшь&amp;quot; (could use adverbial form here) or &amp;quot;а ты поёшь ништяк&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, it can be an adjective &amp;quot;ништячный&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;ништяковый&amp;quot;. Examples:&#xA;&amp;quot;а штаны у тебя ништяк&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;а у тебя ништяк штаны&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;ништяковые штаны&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;ништячные штаны&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9535" LastEditorUserId="9535" LastEditDate="2020-11-22T20:12:41.950" LastActivityDate="2020-11-22T20:12:41.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23023" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23024" CreationDate="2020-11-24T02:40:20.043" Score="1" ViewCount="512" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the book &lt;em&gt;Дорога в Россию - учебник русского языка&lt;/em&gt;, there's a conversation that describes the scene of buying food:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нравится эта рыба, этот салат, этот &lt;em&gt;сок&lt;/em&gt;. Дайте, пожалуйста.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which means the following&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I like this fish, this salad, this glass of juice. Give them to me, please.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My teacher says that &lt;em&gt;сок&lt;/em&gt; here cannot be replaced by &lt;em&gt;стакан сока&lt;/em&gt;. However, in English, it seems strange to say &amp;quot;this juice&amp;quot;. It is common to say &amp;quot;this glass of juice&amp;quot; instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is, is it correct to replace &lt;em&gt;сок&lt;/em&gt; by &lt;em&gt;стакан сока&lt;/em&gt;? If not, why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15212" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2020-11-24T03:09:54.793" LastActivityDate="2021-03-04T15:31:22.823" Title="Can стакан сока be used here instead of сок?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23024" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23023" CreationDate="2020-11-24T05:32:40.510" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It depends. Basically, you can say anything that accurately describes what you are looking at.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You are looking at the menu which says something like &amp;quot;Сок 200мл 50 руб&amp;quot;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here you are looking only at juice, so the determiner has to apply to the juice itself: &lt;code&gt;этот сок&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;этого сока&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, since 200ml of juice is likely to be coming to you in a glass, you can use the word &amp;quot;стакан&amp;quot;, just make sure the determiner is still pointing to &amp;quot;сок&amp;quot;: &lt;code&gt;стакан этого сока&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, if the menu gives you options in the amount (200ml glass vs. 500ml jug), using &amp;quot;стакан&amp;quot; this way can specify which one you want.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You are looking at an image of a glass of juice in the menu.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both options from 1 apply here as well: &lt;code&gt;этот сок&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;стакан этого сока&lt;/code&gt;. However, you could move the determiner to the word &amp;quot;стакан&amp;quot;: &lt;code&gt;этот стакан сока&lt;/code&gt;. It is not particularly weird and will not necessarily give you away as a non-native speaker.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It does, however, invite a joke like: &amp;quot;Oh, this one specifically here on the page?&amp;quot;, but chances of anyone actually saying anything like that are next to none.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You are looking at an actual glass of juice.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both options from 1 and 2 are perfectly fine here: &lt;code&gt;этот сок&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;стакан этого сока&lt;/code&gt;, or &lt;code&gt;этот стакан сока&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;You are looking at a jug of juice as you order.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, both options from 1 apply: &lt;code&gt;этот сок&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;стакан этого сока&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I would refrain from using the option from 2. Since you are not looking at the glass of juice, you can not use determiner to point to the word &amp;quot;стакан&amp;quot;. It just sounds somewhat bizarre, as if you imply that the jug is a glass. It sounds like a slip of the tongue, so it will most likely prompt a person servicing you to confirm whether you want just a glass or an entire jug.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, you can use this approach with pretty much anything that comes in any container: a glass of juice, a plate of salad, a bowl of soup, or a pack of drinks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T07:40:40.790" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:40:40.790" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23025" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23023" CreationDate="2020-11-24T05:53:38.617" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;My Russian is at the A2 level, at best, and I don't know your teacher, so I don't know what reason he or she may have had for telling you that &lt;em&gt;сок&lt;/em&gt; cannot be replaced by &lt;em&gt;стакан сока&lt;/em&gt;, but I know why I would tell you that you shouldn't replace &lt;em&gt;сок&lt;/em&gt; with &lt;em&gt;стакан сока&lt;/em&gt;.  I would tell you that &amp;quot;стакан сока&amp;quot; &lt;em&gt;shouldn't&lt;/em&gt; replace &amp;quot;сока&amp;quot; because it breaks the pattern in the series. If the sentence were to read:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нравиться эта тарелка рыбы, эта миска салата, ...&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;I like this plate of fish, this bowl of salad, ...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;then I would find &amp;quot;этот стакан сока&amp;quot; not only acceptable, but preferred.  However, since (in the first example) the preceding elements of this series do not include the amount or utensil by which the food or drink is served then the last element in the series shouldn't either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastActivityDate="2020-11-24T05:53:38.617" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23026" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-24T09:04:12.873" Score="4" ViewCount="384" Body="&lt;p&gt;So I was searching the translation of the famous expression &amp;quot;Après nous, le déluge&amp;quot; and saw on Wikipedia that it's translated as После нас, хоть потоп. Having not seen хоть used in this way before, I looked up the definition, but none of the usages seem to explain this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;at least, if only&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;for example, even&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;with relative pronouns forms indefinite (хоть кто, хоть где)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;although (like хотя)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;even if&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(taken from Oxford English-Russian dictionary, excluding хотя бы and хотя бы что)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could somebody explain a) why there is a need to insert хоть here, i.e. why not just После нас, потоп why would be the literal translation and b) what it signifies here?&#xA;Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15214" LastEditorUserId="4815" LastEditDate="2020-11-24T12:44:49.180" LastActivityDate="2021-03-01T20:31:58.593" Title="После нас, хоть потоп - why is there хоть?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23027" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22960" CreationDate="2020-11-24T09:31:03.627" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's idiom meaning fell in love (especially woman's love)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I think the roots of this idiom is in verses of Russian poetess &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Tsvetaeva&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Marina Tsvetaeva&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.culture.ru/poems/36102/mne-nravitsya-chto-vy-bolny-ne-mnoi&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the text (in Russian)&lt;/a&gt; written in 1915.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Verses become famous after a well-known movie &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Irony_of_Fate&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;The Irony of Fate&lt;/a&gt; - here's &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJuCYR00IXw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;song from that movie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4815" LastEditorUserId="4815" LastEditDate="2020-11-24T09:37:03.850" LastActivityDate="2020-11-24T09:37:03.850" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23028" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15298" CreationDate="2020-11-24T09:46:39.933" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Nowadays, &lt;code&gt;господин/госпожа&lt;/code&gt; are for sure acceptable, though one has to keep in mind - that these words are extremely official.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So during common conversation you should avoid these words. &lt;code&gt;Господин/госпожа&lt;/code&gt; applicable in official messaging or if you want to address someone extremely officially, e.g. &lt;em&gt;Mr. Petrov, we are going to arrest you/г-н Петров, мы собираемся арестовать вас&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4815" LastActivityDate="2020-11-24T09:46:39.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23029" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23026" CreationDate="2020-11-24T10:31:51.487" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is simple:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;После нас - потоп&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;after us the flood&lt;/code&gt; - meaning just fact: after us there will be the flood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the contrary, &lt;code&gt;после нас хоть потоп&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;after us even a flood&lt;/code&gt; - meaning “doesn't matter what would happen after us – even a flood, we don't care.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4815" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-11-28T18:09:59.433" LastActivityDate="2020-11-28T18:09:59.433" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23031" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12018" CreationDate="2020-11-24T18:16:23.280" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Существительные мужского рода единственного лица с пустым окончанием:творительный падеж единственного числа. Окончания -ом/-ем. Окончание -ом появляется всегда, если слово не оканчивается на шипящую или букву ц:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;баран - творить бараном&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;стол - творить столом.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В случае если слово оканчивается на шипящую или ц, то существует два варианта:&#xA;ударение не падает на окончание. В таком случае окончание -ем:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;сторож - творить сторожем&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;душ - творить душем&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ударение падает на окончание.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В таком случае окончание -ом:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;плащ - творить плащом&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;грош - творить грошом.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Итого, строки описания:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;молот → молотом&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;месяц → месяцем&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15213" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-11-26T19:44:46.640" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T19:44:46.640" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23032" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23033" CreationDate="2020-11-25T14:58:25.507" Score="2" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;В статье про контрабанду сыра &lt;a href=&quot;https://versia.ru/kak-organizovana-kontrabanda-molochnyx-produktov-iz-finlyandii-v-sankt-peterburg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;читаем&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Любопытно, данный «бизнес» в цепочке включает в себя как брутальных&#xA;водителей фур, так и продвинутых гениев &lt;strong&gt;«мышки»&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;викисловаре&lt;/a&gt; вроде бы подходящего по смыслу значения нет?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9100" LastActivityDate="2020-11-25T19:38:00.333" Title="О какой &quot;мышке&quot; тут речь?" Tags="&lt;значение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23033" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23032" CreationDate="2020-11-25T19:38:00.333" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's just a (quite unsuccessful) attempt to use something else apart from &amp;quot;advanced computer users&amp;quot;, this quote from the article makes it clearer:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если дальнобойщики закупаются и рискуют на границе, то мастера «мышки»&#xA;уже делают умелый маркетинг в сети.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-11-25T19:38:00.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23034" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23036" CreationDate="2020-11-26T09:23:43.857" Score="11" ViewCount="1246" Body="&lt;p&gt;More specifically, I am speaking of formal (official) style texts. Definitely not belles-lettres or informal speech. We know, in formal style texts, such as documents, abbreviations are frequently used. But may you ever abbreviate the word &lt;strong&gt;ноябрь&lt;/strong&gt; (or any of its case forms), which is the Russian equivalent of November?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastActivityDate="2020-11-27T19:46:05.423" Title="Is the word ноябрь or its forms ever abbreviated in Russian language?" Tags="&lt;untagged&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23035" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23034" CreationDate="2020-11-26T11:40:54.530" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In formal writing you are most likely use the number 11 as in 26.11.2020 г. Otherwise just spell it on full: 26 ноября 2020 г. I am not aware of any formally acceptable abbreviation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Update: I stand corrected, see @V.V.'s answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-11-26T17:17:53.703" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T17:17:53.703" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23036" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23034" CreationDate="2020-11-26T15:47:32.900" Score="15" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are official abbreviations in the dictionary Русский орфографический словарь: около 180 000 слов / Российская академия наук. Институт русского языка им. В. В. Виноградова / О.Е. Иванова, В.В. Лопатин (отв. ред.), И.В. Нечаева, Л.К. Чельцова. - 2-е изд., испр. и доп. - Москва, 2004.&#xA;in the supplementary part &amp;quot;Основные общепринятые графические сокращения&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;янв., февр., апр., авг., сент., окт., нояб., дек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some months don't have abbreviations:&#xA;март, май, июнь, июль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T15:47:32.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23037" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-11-26T15:50:59.643" Score="5" ViewCount="298" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is there a difference between “нечего” and “ничего” when used in the literal sense of “nothing”?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I see that both can mean “nothing”, that “ничего” can also mean “not bad” or “no problem!” and that “нечего” can also mean “(there is) no use”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, from these usage examples (in English Wiktionary) I get the impression that there could be a difference, perhaps that “нечего” is used with and indication of what is lacking while “ничего” can stand on its own:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нечего делать ― There is nothing for me to do.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что с ним? — Ничего. ― What’s the matter with him? — Nothing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12497" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2020-11-26T16:24:29.407" LastActivityDate="2021-01-09T10:53:45.967" Title="What is the difference between “нечего” and “ничего”?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23038" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23034" CreationDate="2020-11-26T15:52:59.190" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer to the question in the title is - yes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few examples of months' abbreviations in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.gov.spb.ru/static/writable/documents/2014/04/25/EA-Dinamika-cen-v-Sankt-Peterburge-v-janv-ijune-2013.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.gov.spb.ru/static/writable/documents/2014/04/25/EA-Dinamika-cen-v-Sankt-Peterburge-v-janv-ijune-2013.pdf&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JZ3ZD.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JZ3ZD.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See also: &lt;a href=&quot;http://tetran.ru/SiteContent/Details/13&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://tetran.ru/SiteContent/Details/13&lt;/a&gt;:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iY0Q1.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/iY0Q1.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One could argue, however, that they can hardly be called &amp;quot;official&amp;quot; (as the body of the question clarifies) and I would agree with this because so far I haven't seen any official document prescribing this particular form (which by the way does not necessarily mean that such a document does not exist). Still, as I mentioned in my comment - you can see them fairly often and people usually don't even notice that the months' names are abbreviated, which means they look perfectly natural for a Russian eye.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update&lt;/strong&gt;&#xA;Well, &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/23036/7386&quot;&gt;V.V.&lt;/a&gt; gave an answer with a reference, while I was busy typing the above.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T15:52:59.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23039" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23034" CreationDate="2020-11-26T18:38:10.953" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Stack Overflow на русском abbreviates it as 'ноя', which can be seen e.g. if you search for posts from last year November: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.stackoverflow.com/search?q=date%3A2019-11&quot;&gt;https://ru.stackoverflow.com/search?q=date%3A2019-11&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yl14U.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/yl14U.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Change the search query to see the results for other month names.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is just an example, not an official style guide. But the community there takes pride in perfecting the Russian translations and designations; they have posted &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/%d0%b4%d0%b5%d1%84%d0%b5%d0%ba%d1%82+%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%b0%d1%86%d0%b8%d1%8f&quot;&gt;more than 700 bugs&lt;/a&gt; already.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6350" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T18:38:10.953" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23040" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23037" CreationDate="2020-11-26T20:20:41.610" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is grammatical: &lt;strong&gt;нечего&lt;/strong&gt; is a predicate and &lt;strong&gt;ничего&lt;/strong&gt; is an object:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ему нечего сказать.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он не имеет ничего сказать.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both mean 'He has nothing to say' and and while (2) resembles the English sentence more, (1) is a lot more idiomatic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also note the difference in emphasis:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;ничего́&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;не́чего&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-11-26T20:20:41.610" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23041" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23047" CreationDate="2020-11-27T09:59:08.060" Score="4" ViewCount="166" Body="&lt;p&gt;Is it usual to use Latin or Cyrillic letters to spell the names of companies, online services etc.? For example, do you say &lt;em&gt;разговаривать по Зуму&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;по Zoom&lt;/em&gt;? If the answer depends on the individual case, is there a rule of thumb how to predict what is common?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In either case, are company names subject to declension?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14419" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-11-27T20:20:41.027" LastActivityDate="2020-11-27T20:20:41.027" Title="Do you transliterate service names?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23042" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23041" CreationDate="2020-11-27T11:03:58.883" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;If &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.stackoverflow.com/&quot;&gt;Stack Overflow на русском&lt;/a&gt; is a representative sample:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;the site name itself isn't transliterated&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;product/company names aren't transliterated, e.g.&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/ms-word&quot;&gt;Microsoft Word&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/android&quot;&gt;Google Android&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;an example for &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.stackoverflow.com/questions/1209672/&quot;&gt;Zoom&lt;/a&gt; - it's not a popular subject&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;almost all programming languages and libraries are in Latin script&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.microsoft.com/ru-ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;official site for Microsoft&lt;/a&gt; also uses Latin names:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PrREv.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/PrREv.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(the last menu option means 'Support', it's not a product name)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Obvious exceptions are companies of Russian origin, e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://yandex.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Яндекс (Yandex)&lt;/a&gt;. Also, I have seen Facebook being transliterated as &amp;quot;Фейсбук&amp;quot; but I'm not sure how common that is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6350" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-11-27T15:37:56.820" LastActivityDate="2020-11-27T15:37:56.820" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23043" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23049" CreationDate="2020-11-27T14:38:45.157" Score="4" ViewCount="326" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Как называют человека, перешедшего из одной религии в другую?&lt;/strong&gt; Пример: татарин, отказавшийся от ислама и прошедший крещение в православной церкви.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я нигде не смог найти ответа, как ни искал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В английском для этого есть существительное &lt;em&gt;convert&lt;/em&gt; (произносится не /kənˈvərt/, а /ˈkänˌvərt/).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14863" LastEditorUserId="14863" LastEditDate="2020-12-30T17:08:15.617" LastActivityDate="2020-12-30T17:08:15.617" Title="Как называют человека, перешедшего из одной религии в другую?" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23044" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23043" CreationDate="2020-11-27T14:57:03.293" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Для людей, перешедших из какой-либо другой религии в христианство, как в вашем примере, существует устаревшее название «выкрест».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2020-11-27T14:57:03.293" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23045" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23043" CreationDate="2020-11-27T15:04:33.223" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Новообращённый&lt;/a&gt; / новообращенец?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-11-27T15:04:33.223" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23046" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23043" CreationDate="2020-11-27T15:25:28.647" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово &lt;a href=&quot;https://azbyka.ru/prozelit&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;прозелит&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; в узком смысле обозначало человека, перешедшего из язычества в иудаизм (а позже и в христианство) со временем стало обозначать в принципе новообращённого (это слово, новообращённый, уже упомянуто в другом ответе). Есть ещё близкое по значению слово &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;неофит&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;, но неофит не обязательно должен быть приверженцем чего-то нового в религиозном смысле, так что, если из контекста это не ясно, можно уточнить, и сказать &amp;quot;религиозный неофит&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that another word mentioned, &amp;quot;выкрест&amp;quot; (though the answer is valid) is obsolete and offensive. Also, &amp;quot;выкрест&amp;quot; is not necessarily recently conversed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-11-27T15:25:28.647" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23047" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23041" CreationDate="2020-11-27T16:05:27.623" Score="5" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it usual to use Latin or Cyrillic letters to spell the names of companies, online services etc.?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In colloquial writing, people do use Cyrillic and decline the words if the transliteration is obvious and makes a good Russian-sounding word:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Тебя что, в гугле забанили?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ребят, сегодня опять игра в зуме, вопросы будут в стиле &amp;quot;Что? Где? Когда?&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;А кто в курсе, как обойти запрет на скриншот в андроиде?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Less obvious abbreviations and compound words like G-Suite, MySQL, OpenVPN etc. are more often written in Latin and not declined, though you can still come across colloquialisms like &lt;em&gt;мускул&lt;/em&gt; (for MySQL) or &lt;em&gt;капча&lt;/em&gt; (for CAPTCHA) every now and then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In more formal writing, company and service names are usually not declined and not transliterated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, you use analytic constructs like &lt;em&gt;компания Google&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;операционная система Linux&lt;/em&gt; the first time you're mentioning them, to assign the right gender to the word, and then just use them in their original form in the rest of your text:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Google настроила автоматическое удаление истории местоположений и поиска в части своих сервисов для новых пользователей, сообщается в блоге компании.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Технические характеристики новых умных очков, которые будет производить франко-итальянская Luxottica, не разглашаются&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;По словам Таненбаума, модернизированная MINIX может потребоваться там, где обычно используют &amp;quot;усеченные&amp;quot; варианты популярных &amp;quot;клонов&amp;quot; ОС UNIX&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-11-27T16:05:27.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23048" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23034" CreationDate="2020-11-27T19:46:05.423" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In theory, the correct abbreviated form is the one given in &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/23036/&quot;&gt;V. V.’s answer&lt;/a&gt;. In practice, commonly used software, typically tailored for the needs of English, does not generate abbreviations of this kind. For example, MS Excel only has five options for &lt;a href=&quot;https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/format-a-date-the-way-you-want-8e10019e-d5d8-47a1-ba95-db95123d273e&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;formatting dates&lt;/a&gt; (9, 09, S, Sep, September)—notice how “Sept.” isn’t among these, even though &lt;a href=&quot;https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/journalism_and_journalistic_writing/ap_style.html#:%7E:text=Dates,%20Months&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Associated Press style&lt;/a&gt; prescribes exactly that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, jarring Anglicisms such as “31 июн 2038” are commonplace because of software limitations. Even Yandex displays dates like that in its mail UI.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9602" LastActivityDate="2020-11-27T19:46:05.423" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23049" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23043" CreationDate="2020-11-28T00:47:47.880" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://endic.ru/gallicism/Konvertit-9947.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Конверти́т&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Редкое слово, возможно, с налетом архаичности, но означает именно это.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4560" LastActivityDate="2020-11-28T00:47:47.880" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23050" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23052" CreationDate="2020-11-28T12:10:22.303" Score="3" ViewCount="152" Body="&lt;p&gt;For comparison, we do not write &lt;code&gt;Манэ&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Монэ&lt;/code&gt; et cetera. They are &lt;code&gt;Мане&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Моне&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why then Гаянэ and not Гаяне?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-11-28T13:03:33.533" LastActivityDate="2020-11-28T13:34:04.643" Title="Why do names such as Гаянэ or Арминэ have &quot;э&quot; rather than &quot;е&quot;?" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23051" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23050" CreationDate="2020-11-28T13:30:39.457" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The spelling Гаяне is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8D_(%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;also possible&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Гаянэ&lt;/em&gt; is an Armenian female given name, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Գայանե&lt;/a&gt; in Armenian. Personal non-Russian names with &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt; are to be remembered, there's no rule where and why one writes &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt; in such names.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Правила русской орфографии и пунктуации. Полный академический справочник / Под ред. В.В. Лопатина, 2006&lt;/em&gt; says &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt; is written &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;in many&lt;/em&gt; foreign-language personal names&amp;quot;, see §8 &lt;a href=&quot;https://orfogrammka.ru/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD/%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B8_%D1%86/#id-%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%86-%C2%A78&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не в начале корня после согласных буква &lt;strong&gt;э&lt;/strong&gt;  пишется для передачи гласного &lt;strong&gt;э&lt;/strong&gt; и одновременно для указания на твердость предшествующего согласного в следующих случаях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&#xA;2. &lt;strong&gt;Во многих собственных именах иноязычного происхождения&lt;/strong&gt;, напр.: &lt;em&gt;Бэкон, Дэвид, Дэн Сяопин, Дэвис, Рэлей, Рэмбо, Сэлинджер, Сэм, Сэссон, Тэтчер, Тэффи&lt;/em&gt; (личные имена и фамилии), &lt;em&gt;Мэриленд, Тайбэй, Улан Удэ, Хуанхэ&lt;/em&gt; (географические названия). Буква &lt;strong&gt;э&lt;/strong&gt;  сохраняется в любых словах, производных от таких собственных имен, а также при переходе их в нарицательные, напр.: &lt;em&gt;улан удэнский, рэлей&lt;/em&gt; (физическая единица), &lt;em&gt;сэссон&lt;/em&gt; (стрижка).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The famous Rosenthal in his &lt;em&gt;Справочник по правописанию и литературной правке для работников печати&lt;/em&gt; also says that &lt;code&gt;э&lt;/code&gt; is written in &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; foreign personal names, see §6 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Linguist/rozent1/01.php&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2020-11-28T13:30:39.457" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23052" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23050" CreationDate="2020-11-28T13:34:04.643" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually your assumption is wrong - de-facto both versions, &lt;code&gt;Гаянэ&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Гаяне&lt;/code&gt; are used (the same about Armine), this is even mentioned in &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8D&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Гаянэ́ или Гаяне́ (арм. Գայանե) — армянское женское имя греческого&#xA;происхождения; русские формы имени — Гаиания, Гаяния&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8D&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;. Греческая&#xA;форма (др.-греч. Γαϊανὴ) образована от др.-греч. Γῆ, Γᾶ, Γαῖα — Гея,&#xA;либо от γῆ, γαῖα, γαίη, γαἶα — земля.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same holds true about Манэ/Мане and Моне/Монэ - it's just that, again, de-facto, the form with -е ending currently prevails.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/no2Ua.png&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/no2Ua.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the real question is - &lt;strong&gt;why in one particular case (French last names, to be specific)  one form dominates while we can not say the same about Armenian names?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To start with, when it comes to &amp;quot;natural&amp;quot; Russian words, rules about how &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; is pronounced are very straightforward: at the beginning  of the words and after vowels it's pronounces like &amp;quot;йэ&amp;quot; and if it follows a consonant that consonant is softened (palatalized). So, if we follow this rules, &lt;code&gt;Гаянe&lt;/code&gt; would be pronounced as &lt;code&gt;Гаяньэ&lt;/code&gt; - it doesn't sound right for Armenian speaker, doesn't sound right at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Following factors increase the probability of Russians spelling Armenian names with 'э':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They doesn't not transliterate this names from Latin alphabet&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In that rare cases when they do (for instance, in scientific texts) in original they, surprisingly can see both form - Գայանե and Գայիանէ (the obsolete form) - those can designate slightly different sounds, but in both cases the closes would be Russian 'э'.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Most likely if someone spells this name at all is because he knows someone named Гаянэ, Рипсимэ, Арминэ etc. - they hear how the person themselves pronounce this names. And, when they hear it, the spell it as they hear it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Funny thing is that for Russian Armenians this situation is sort of like the &lt;code&gt;Наталья&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;Наталия&lt;/code&gt; &amp;quot;controversy&amp;quot; - in fact, many of them prefer the &lt;code&gt;-е&lt;/code&gt; ending and insist on using it when referring to them, say, in letters. Also, keep in mind that for some Armenian names the '-е' form dominates, so there are more &lt;code&gt;Армен&lt;/code&gt;s rather than &lt;code&gt;Армэн&lt;/code&gt;s.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my opinion, following factors are contributing to the prevalence of  &amp;quot;-е&amp;quot; spelling in French names:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The tradition to translate this way all foreign word in general (see галифе, портмоне, стейк, флешка and even &lt;code&gt;Фейсбук&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Хеллоуин&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The fact that these names are transliterated from Latin script where they are written like (in our case) Manet and Monet.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The fact that Russians usually don't know any French people and French people usually don't pronounce their names to Russian speakers - that's why if someone spells their name, they usually just google how it pronounced de-facto. Since the contributing factors mentioned about, they most likely find &lt;code&gt;Мане&lt;/code&gt;and &lt;code&gt;Моне&lt;/code&gt; and just go with it. Thus, increasing the number of &amp;quot;-e&amp;quot; cases further.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-11-28T13:34:04.643" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23056" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23057" CreationDate="2020-12-01T00:00:09.597" Score="-4" ViewCount="153" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been trying to learn Russian and have come across many words that sound very similar to English words. This is particularly surprising because, unlike other European languages (which would sound similar as the roots of English and those languages are the same), the roots of Russian and English have been distinct and apart for a longer time. Russian, having originated from the Cyrillic script having words like water, problem, basketball, guitar, etc. sound so strikingly similar is something I cannot attribute simply to coincidence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I dug a bit deeper into the similarity of Russian and other languages and found that it also shared some words with Sanskrit and this had me baffled as well. Any shedding of light on this topic will be appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;References:-&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-b-OjaPV4m8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-b-OjaPV4m8&lt;/a&gt; (of course unlike the misleading title Russian and Sanskrit arent the same language)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuYrBLmY5pc&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuYrBLmY5pc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15238" LastEditorUserId="15238" LastEditDate="2020-12-01T10:02:17.743" LastActivityDate="2020-12-01T10:02:17.743" Title="Why do so many Russian words sound similar to the ones in English and Sanskrit?" Tags="&lt;english&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ClosedDate="2020-12-01T12:14:29.670" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23057" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23056" CreationDate="2020-12-01T00:36:15.507" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is nothing surprising about those similarities considering the fact that Russian belongs to the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Indo-European languages&lt;/a&gt; (and I do recommend you to start from this Wiki article instead of watching random Youtube videos).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;having originated from the Cyrillic Slav branch&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no such thing. It belongs to the Slavic branch of Indo-European languages. Cyrillic is the name for the writing system (alphabet). Writing system is &amp;quot;arbitrary&amp;quot;, it does not define the language and it can be changed.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;words like water, problem, basketball, guitar&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The list is a bit weird. Russian words for &amp;quot;problem&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;basketball&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;guitar&amp;quot; are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loanword&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;'loan words'&lt;/a&gt; (&amp;quot;basketball&amp;quot; is a fairly recent one, obviously. Loaned directly from English).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Water&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;вода&amp;quot;, on the other hand, come from the common, very ancient root,  &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;reconstructed&lt;/a&gt; by linguists  as *&lt;em&gt;wod-or&lt;/em&gt;. See the entry for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.etymonline.com/word/water&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;water&lt;/a&gt; on etymonline.com. These words are similar in all Indo-European languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;it also shared some words with Sanskrit&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, Sanskrit is also a Indo-European language. No surprise here either.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2020-12-01T00:55:26.673" LastActivityDate="2020-12-01T00:55:26.673" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23058" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23011" CreationDate="2020-12-04T15:51:42.747" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The expression &amp;quot;что по спине, что по стене&amp;quot; is an idiom, and a very nice and sumptuous one. The main salt of this idiom is that words &amp;quot;спина-стена&amp;quot; are pronounced sort of alike, but for the sounds &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;t&amp;quot;. The meaning can be rendered as following: &amp;quot;The others cursed her, but it was like a change from Tweedledum to Tweedledee&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="12275" LastEditDate="2020-12-05T08:39:07.877" LastActivityDate="2020-12-05T08:39:07.877" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23062" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-09T03:00:14.240" Score="9" ViewCount="1573" Body="&lt;p&gt;In my Russian class, we are learning holiday vocabulary, and I am wondering if there exists an abstract meaning for “подарок». For example, could you be talking about “the gift of forgiveness” or “the gift of gab” or a “gifted pianist”? Or is подарок limited to a physical present you can see?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15150" LastActivityDate="2020-12-11T04:33:58.070" Title="The word подарок - abstract meaning?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;лексикон&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23063" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23062" CreationDate="2020-12-09T06:59:37.543" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Подарок&lt;/strong&gt;  means '&lt;strong&gt;gift&lt;/strong&gt;' in the sense of '&lt;strong&gt;present&lt;/strong&gt;'. It's usually a physical object indeed, but can be used in a sense of 'gift' in other cases as well - for example, something like &amp;quot;that back-pass was a gift for the striker, what an amateur mistake in defence&amp;quot; would translate directly into Russian, using 'подарок'. It's quite often used ironically, when someone inadvertently helps someone they really shouldn't have. Also when something unexpectedly good happens you can use 'подарок', so it doesn't have to be a Christmas or Birthday or whatever present.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'&lt;strong&gt;Gift&lt;/strong&gt;' in the sense of '&lt;strong&gt;talent&lt;/strong&gt;' in Russian is '&lt;strong&gt;дар&lt;/strong&gt;'.&#xA;'&lt;strong&gt;He/she 's got a gift'&lt;/strong&gt; - would be '&lt;strong&gt;у него/неё - дар [от бога/от природы]&lt;/strong&gt;'.&#xA;Дар can also be used for 'present', but it sounds rather archaic or even overly pompous when used in that sense (unless you're being ironic or facetious). It's used in legalese (when you 'gift' a property, for example) and you come across that usage in many quotations and expressions. So in general it can also mean a physical gift, but it's not common in every day colloquial speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And '&lt;strong&gt;даром&lt;/strong&gt;' means '&lt;strong&gt;free&lt;/strong&gt;', as in free of charge.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-12-09T10:05:02.070" LastActivityDate="2020-12-09T10:05:02.070" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23064" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23062" CreationDate="2020-12-09T07:48:33.043" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are right a talent is not something you work for it is something you are born with. Doesn't &amp;quot;gift&amp;quot; have the same connotation as &amp;quot;дар&amp;quot;, as something innate? If not then maybe &amp;quot;endowed&amp;quot; would be a better analogue here (as compared to &amp;quot;одарённый&amp;quot;). In any case all these words have the same root, &amp;quot;дар&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15260" LastActivityDate="2020-12-09T07:48:33.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23065" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23062" CreationDate="2020-12-09T07:49:06.573" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подарок has got a figurative meaning in Russian, when we mention something causing great pleasure.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ваш приход - большой подарок для меня.&#xA;Такая хорошая погода — просто подарок!&#xA;Его приезд — настоящий подарок. Подарок судьбы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We can also use не подарок in the negative sense, describing people , who are not quite pleasant to communicate or to deal with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он не подарок.&#xA;Такая тёща — не подарок. Ребёнок попался хоть и пятилетний, но далеко не подарок.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We use дар and талант about abilities, which is covered in the previous answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2020-12-09T07:49:06.573" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23066" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23069" CreationDate="2020-12-09T18:00:39.210" Score="4" ViewCount="215" Body="&lt;p&gt;I recently noticed that words вы́вески, на́дписи, вы́прямился have stress on the first syllables. Is it because certain prefixes attract stress? Is there any rule regarding this? Yes, I'm desperately searching any rules about stress in Russian, because I always get them wrong.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11708" LastActivityDate="2020-12-10T10:12:21.410" Title="Do certain prefixes attract stress?" Tags="&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23067" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23066" CreationDate="2020-12-09T19:06:52.563" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;In perfective verbs with the prefix &lt;em&gt;вы-&lt;/em&gt; and their derivatives (perfective participles, past adjectival participles) the stress always falls on &lt;em&gt;вы-&lt;/em&gt;, even if does not in the imperfective counterpart:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Выпада́ть (imperfective) — вы́пасть / вы́павший / вы́пав (perfective)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Выи́грывать (imperfective) —  вы́играть / вы́игравший / вы́играв (perfective)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-12-09T19:33:48.057" LastActivityDate="2020-12-09T19:33:48.057" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23068" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23062" CreationDate="2020-12-09T19:55:54.897" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;A gift is a &amp;quot;подарок&amp;quot; in Russian if we can identify the &lt;strong&gt;act of giving&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Подарок&amp;quot; is indeed typically a physical present, but it also can be an abstract, figurative thing - if we can say that there was a moment when the recipient got this gift. In this sense, talents and other innate gifts from God/nature are not &amp;quot;подарки&amp;quot; because a person was born with it rather than acquired it at a later time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if something was clearly bestowed after someone was born, then the word &amp;quot;подарок&amp;quot; is appropriate. Phraseme &amp;quot;подарок судьбы&amp;quot; is often used in this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2020-12-09T19:55:54.897" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23069" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23066" CreationDate="2020-12-09T20:41:55.773" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;Yes. Certain prefixes and suffixes tend to attract stress under certain conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As already mentioned by Quassnoi, &lt;strong&gt;вы-&lt;/strong&gt; in perfective verbs is always stressed: вы́прямился, вы́качу, вы́кристаллизовавшиеся. There is a famous tongue twister:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Три́дцать три корабля́ лави́ровали, лави́ровали, да не вы́лавировали»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Post-perestroika version:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Мы на́шу страну́ приватизи́ровали, приватизи́ровали, да не вы́приватизировали»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Suffixes:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-и́зм: катакли́зм, эгои́зм, по̀стимпрессиони́зм&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-и́ст: лингви́ст, эгои́ст, дѐльтапланери́ст&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-и́ровать, -и́рование&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;-овье: средневеко́вье, зимо́вье, Приднепро́вье&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are examples of very simple rules that work 99% of the time. There are other rules, but they are very complex. The most comprehensive study to date is Andrey Zalizniak's &lt;a href=&quot;https://inslav.ru/publication/zaliznyak-ot-praslavyanskoy-akcentuacii-k-russkoy-m-1985&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;From Proto-Slavic accentuation to Russian&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Given this enormous complexity, you have every right to make mistakes. If you need a little help, use this tool to add stress marks to Russian text: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russiangram.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;russiangram.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-12-10T10:12:21.410" LastActivityDate="2020-12-10T10:12:21.410" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23070" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12671" CreationDate="2020-12-10T19:22:52.410" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Это называется &amp;quot;электрический разветвитель&amp;quot;. По английский - electrical distributor.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15271" LastActivityDate="2020-12-10T19:22:52.410" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23071" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23062" CreationDate="2020-12-11T04:33:58.070" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, it just means a real present. &amp;quot;Gifted&amp;quot; people in Russian are &amp;quot;одарённые&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;с даром&amp;quot;, have a &amp;quot;дар&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15273" LastActivityDate="2020-12-11T04:33:58.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23073" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23074" CreationDate="2020-12-12T23:22:23.043" Score="2" ViewCount="113" Body="&lt;p&gt;On a poster of the Stalinist era, I saw the following extract:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Будем сынами и дочерьми (...)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then I looked for some information on dictionaries. If I understood correctly, does the usual (and &amp;quot;irregular&amp;quot;) plural &lt;strong&gt;сыновья&lt;/strong&gt; imply the meaning &lt;em&gt;biological sons&lt;/em&gt;, whereas &lt;strong&gt;сыны&lt;/strong&gt; is used just in the philosophical sense &lt;em&gt;sons of the fatherland&lt;/em&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2020-12-12T23:35:08.410" Title="Plural of сын as сыны instead of сыновья" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23074" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23073" CreationDate="2020-12-12T23:35:08.410" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сыны&lt;/code&gt; is an obsolete form which indeed survived in particular phrases like &amp;quot;Сыны Отечества&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Сыны Господни&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Сыны Божьи&amp;quot; etc. and phrases that are intentionally built to sound like abovementioned phrase, like &amp;quot;Сыны Анархии&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://marjulia.livejournal.com/tag/%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;answer&lt;/a&gt; provided here is correct, the form you (understandably) called irregular actually is a remnant of special form of plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-12-12T23:35:08.410" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23075" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23077" CreationDate="2020-12-13T00:42:31.180" Score="2" ViewCount="196" Body="&lt;p&gt;From what I know, the plural noun &amp;quot;people&amp;quot; is &lt;strong&gt;люди&lt;/strong&gt; when no numeral precedes it. Whereas &amp;quot;people&amp;quot; preceded by a numeral take the stem &lt;strong&gt;человек-&lt;/strong&gt;, as in &lt;strong&gt;два человека&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;пять человек&lt;/strong&gt; (the latter example meaning that &amp;quot;человек&amp;quot; is also an irregular genitive plural).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the aforementioned examples, the numeral is in the nominative case. If number 2 ever takes the animate accusative case (which does not concern numbers from 5 forth), then we'll get &lt;strong&gt;двух человек&lt;/strong&gt; which is usable either for the genitive or accusative case of this numeral-noun sequence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But what if I ever want to write a numeral-people sequence in other cases? I namely want to tell &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;between two people&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;. Will it become &lt;strong&gt;Между двумя человеками&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Someone told me it should be rather &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Между двух людей&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;, an expression which, if correct, then adds up to the long list of irregularities in the Russian language, since &lt;strong&gt;между&lt;/strong&gt; takes the instrumental case by default, and &lt;strong&gt;людей&lt;/strong&gt; is being used after a numeral.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, which is the right word for &amp;quot;people&amp;quot; after a numeral taking the dative, instrumental or prepositional cases?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastActivityDate="2020-12-13T17:33:03.143" Title="Люди or человек after numerals?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;числительные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23077" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23075" CreationDate="2020-12-13T17:22:53.073" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Firstly&lt;/strong&gt;, with numerals (cardinal numerals) plus noun we should use &lt;strong&gt;only the root человек&lt;/strong&gt; in all cases. The conjugation is as follows:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И кто? два, три, четыре человека, пять, шесть и т.д. человек&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Р кого? двух человек, пяти человек&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Д кому? двум человекам, пяти человекам&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В кого? двух человек, пять человек&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Т кем? двумя человеками, пятью человеками&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;П о ком? о двух человеках, о пяти человеках&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But (&lt;strong&gt;Secondly&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is an &lt;strong&gt;adjective&lt;/strong&gt; between the numeral and the noun we can use &lt;strong&gt;both человек и людей&lt;/strong&gt; in all cases after пять, шесть etc. and after два , три etc. in all cases but nominative (only человек).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;пять незнакомых человек и пять незнакомых людей, не было и трех взрослых человек и не было и трех взрослых людей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Thirdly&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The preposition между can be used with the &lt;strong&gt;genitive and instrumental&lt;/strong&gt; cases, so между двух человек и между двумя человеками. The preference depends on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Four&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are &lt;strong&gt;words which show quantity, but they are not numerals&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пять человек. Десять человек. Сто человек. This should be already clear. When we have a numeral , we use человек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Десятки людей. Тысячи людей.Миллионы людей.When we have noun +noun , we use людей. And the number here is not exact.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сто человек , but сотня людей. Миллион человек , but миллионы людей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Грамота,ру. , Русская грамматика/Институт русского языка при АН. 1980.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2020-12-13T17:33:03.143" LastActivityDate="2020-12-13T17:33:03.143" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23078" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2437" CreationDate="2020-12-14T08:29:35.107" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Чё (or чо) can be used instead of both что and чего  (both as subject and object). But in Southern Russia and Ukraine что is mostly replaced by шо, чего is not replaced in Russian, but is чого in Ukrainian (pronounced not чиво, чево or чаво but choho).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15280" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2020-12-24T01:03:50.370" LastActivityDate="2020-12-24T01:03:50.370" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23080" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-14T16:28:07.397" Score="1" ViewCount="107" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как я должен говорить и писать:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это была крово- и слёзопролитная война&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это была крово и слёзопролитная война&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это была крово-и-слёзопролитная война&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это была крово и слёзопролитная война&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11684" LastActivityDate="2020-12-16T01:46:11.100" Title="Крово- и слёзопролитная война" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;существительные&gt;&lt;conjunctions&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23081" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23080" CreationDate="2020-12-14T18:46:47.150" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Верен 1 вариант: &lt;code&gt;это была крово- и слёзопролитная война&lt;/code&gt; (если считать, что есть слово &amp;quot;слёзопролитный&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://orfogrammka.ru/%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;С сайта orfogrammka.ru&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Единственный случай, когда после дефиса ставится пробел — когда ко&#xA;второй части составного слова по очереди подставляются две первые&#xA;части. Например: радио-, теле- и видеоспектакли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2020-12-14T18:46:47.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23082" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23083" CreationDate="2020-12-15T16:06:15.300" Score="3" ViewCount="264" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Театральные подмостки&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Для таких, как мы, бродяг,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Свежеструга(н, нн)ые доски,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Занавески на гвоздях.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This portion of 1991 Russian song («Бродячие артисты») made me think of Н-НН orthography of Russian adjectives and participles again. Such complicate rules! The question is, must we write свежеструганые or свежеструганные? Also, is this an adjective or a passive participle? If possible, can you please provide the specific rule which would explain why have you chosen a single or a double Н for the suffix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-12-16T12:22:36.017" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T08:31:11.753" Title="&quot;Свежеструганые доски&quot; or &quot;свежеструганные доски&quot;?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23083" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23082" CreationDate="2020-12-15T19:33:07.143" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;You asked for rules, so here come rules. Specifically, I am referencing the &amp;quot;Правила русской орфографии и пунктуации. Полный академический справочник&amp;quot; (my translation: &amp;quot;Rules of Russian orthography and punctuation. Full academic manual&amp;quot;: Правила русской орфографии и пунктуации. Полный академический справочник / Под ред. В.В. Лопатина. — М: Эксмо, 2009. - 480 с.) in its 2009 edition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But first...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What is the base form of the word?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is &lt;code&gt;свежеструган(н)ый&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Is this an irregular word?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;No&lt;/strong&gt;. Unfortunately, there is no easy way out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This is a compound word where &lt;code&gt;свеж-&lt;/code&gt; is an additional root stacked on top of another word. Here is where the rules come in:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§99. В словах с приставкой не-, в сложных словах и в некоторых сочетаниях-повторах формы причастий и прилагательных пишутся так же, как в отдельном (без приставки и не в составе сложного слова или сочетания-повтора) употреблении, т.е. по правилам §98.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the important part being loosely translated to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§99. In compound words, forms of participles and adjectives are written in the same way, as in a simple usage, i.e., as stated in §98.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So we can move on to analyzing the word &lt;code&gt;струган(н)ый&lt;/code&gt; instead.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;So what does §98 state?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, the word does not end with &lt;code&gt;−ованный&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;−ёванный&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;−еванный&lt;/code&gt;, it is not formed from a perfective (&lt;strong&gt;NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH PERFECT&lt;/strong&gt;) verb, so it leaves us with §98.3:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Причастия не на −ованный (−ёванный, −еванный) глаголов несовершенного вида (они  образуются только от бесприставочных глаголов) и соотносительные с ними прилагательные пишутся по-разному: причастия с нн, прилагательные — с одним н.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Participles not ending with −ованный (−ёванный,  −еванный) of imperfective verbs (they are formed only from prefixless verbs) and correlative adjectives are written differently: participles with нн, adjectives with a singular н.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the choice is down to what part of speech it is. And this is the tricky part: in this case, the same form can be an adjective &lt;strong&gt;or&lt;/strong&gt; a participle, depending on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thankfully, since you have a full sentence, we do have that context. Specifically, §98.3 has a note:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примечание. Как видно из примеров, причастие опознается по наличию зависимых слов. Бывают, однако, редкие случаи, когда зависимое слово не является признаком причастия.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: as you can see from examples (yeah, I didn't mention a whole paragraph of examples in 98.3), the participle is identified by the presence of dependencies. There are, however, some rare cases when the dependent word is not a sign of the participle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, thankfully, in your example, the word has no dependent words, so it is an adjective, so we can finally tell that it has a singular &lt;code&gt;-н-&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;code&gt;свежеструганый&lt;/code&gt;, or rather &lt;code&gt;свежеструганые&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I bet you thought this would be the end of it? &lt;strong&gt;Nope!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I checked a couple of sources, and what do you know, things are even more complicated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, you'll notice that most search engines will be really adamant that you have made a typo. In fact, all of my spell-checkers are going crazy: &amp;quot;this word must be written with two н's!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; will yell at you:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Такое написание слова ошибочно! Вы, возможно, имели в виду свежеструганный?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But then I found it: Russian Orthographic Dictionary under editorial supervision of V.Lopatin (В. В. Лопатин Русский орфографический словарь: около 180 000 слов. О.Е. Иванова, В.В. Лопатин (отв. ред.), И.В. Нечаева, Л.К. Чельцова. / Российская академия наук; Институт русского языка им. В.В. Виноградова. — Москва, 2004. 2-е изд., испр. и доп. — М.: 2007.) has an entry:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;свежеструганый&#xA;свежестр'уганый и свежестр'оганый&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(there is an alternative form spelled with an &lt;code&gt;о&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This dictionary is published under Vinogradov's Institute of Russian Language, a subsidiary of the Russian Academy of Sciences, so it is as official as we are going to get. Even the rules that I am using come from a book by the same people. It even references this dictionary in the preface:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наиболее полным нормативным словарем является в настоящее время академический «Русский орфографический словарь».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The fullest standard dictionary nowadays is the academic &amp;quot;Russian orthographic dictionary&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, just to be sure, I also checked Google's Ngram viewer:&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JyPxB.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/JyPxB.png&quot; alt=&quot;Usage of свежеструганый and свежеструганный plotted by Google Books Ngram Viewer&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Alternatively:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WZeHm.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/WZeHm.png&quot; alt=&quot;Usage of свежеструганые and свежеструганные plotted by Google Books Ngram Viewer&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So both forms are clearly present in similar quantities in real texts. But recently, there has been a sharp drop off for seemingly no good reason (other than a mistake being propagated through the interwebs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So there you have it: the word is spelled with a single &lt;code&gt;-н-&lt;/code&gt; and if you use it like this, no one will ever believe you are right :D&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-03-25T08:31:11.753" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T08:31:11.753" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23084" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23082" CreationDate="2020-12-15T19:39:22.433" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an adjective because something can be свежеструган(н)ым and it's not a participle because there is no such verb свежестругать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's look at the rules for adjectives:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В сложных прилагательных типа малохоженый, новоявленный количество Н определяется правописанием отглагольного прилагательного, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;свежемороженый от мороженый ← морозить (НСВ) – одна Н,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;свежезамороженный от замороженный ← заморозить (СВ) – две Н.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Одна Н пишется в прилагательных, образованных от бесприставочных глаголов несовершенного вида без зависимых слов, потому что при наличии зависимых слов это уже не прилагательные, а причастия, которые в полной форме следует писать только с двумя Н.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://dict.nsu.ru/mod/book/view.php?id=11&amp;amp;chapterid=28&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The verb стругать fits these criteria (imperfective, no dependent words).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So it must be &lt;strong&gt;свежеструганый&lt;/strong&gt; (one Н).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2020-12-15T19:39:22.433" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23085" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23080" CreationDate="2020-12-16T01:46:11.100" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Точно такой же вопрос (точно тем же участником) задавался на сайте «Русский язык».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я его [вопрос] откорректировала, поменяла метки и дала ответ (предоставляю ссылку, чтобы не «ползать» по сайтам; можно посмотреть и оценивание, и комментарии):&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.stackexchange.com/questions/462826/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%B8-%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot;&gt;Крово- и слёзопролитный&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;абстрагироваться&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; от значения особенного слова (слёзопролитный), то предложение необходимо оформить с так называемым висячим дефисом:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;Это была крово- и слёзопролитная война.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Дефис применяется при записи конструкций с однородными членами, имеющими общий конечный элемент, если все члены, кроме последнего, представлены только начальными элементами; такой дефис называют «висячим», например:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;шарико- и роликоподшипники; кино-, теле- и видеофильмы; как водо-, так и газоснабжение; не только англо- и франко-, но и русскоязычные тексты; до- или послеперестроечные процессы.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://orthographia.ru/orfografia.php?sid=59&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Дефис (§ 112)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Крово/пролитный&lt;/em&gt; и &lt;em&gt;слёзо/пролитный&lt;/em&gt; — общим конечным элементом сложных слов является &amp;quot;пролитный&amp;quot; (его и отделяем).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но дело в том, что в словарях нет такого слова — слёзопролитная (слёзопролитный).&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;С конечным элементом &amp;quot;пролитный&amp;quot; имеется всего лишь одно слово, зафиксированное словарями, — &lt;a href=&quot;https://kartaslov.ru/%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0/%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;кровопролитный&lt;/a&gt; (сопровождающийся пролитием большого количества крови).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В толковом словаре:&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?lop=x&amp;amp;bts=x&amp;amp;ro=x&amp;amp;zar=x&amp;amp;ag=x&amp;amp;ab=x&amp;amp;sin=x&amp;amp;lv=x&amp;amp;az=x&amp;amp;pe=x&amp;amp;word=%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;проли́ть&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;strong&gt;3.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;что.&lt;/em&gt; Заставить течь, струиться (обычно напоказ). &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пролить слезу&lt;/strong&gt; (ирон.&lt;/em&gt;; поплакать). &lt;em&gt;Пролить пот&lt;/em&gt; (усердно, напряжённо потрудиться). &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пролить (чью-либо) кровь&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (убить, ранить кого-либо). &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Пролить (свою) кровь&lt;/strong&gt; за кого-либо, что-либо (высок.&lt;/em&gt;; пожертвовать жизнью или оказаться раненным, защищая кого-либо, что-либо).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если Вы хотите употребить слово &amp;quot;слёзопролитный&amp;quot; в серьезном тексте (без иронии, издёвки, насмешки), я бы не рекомендовала Вам использовать этот неологизм.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Дополнение-разъяснение&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Дело в том, что проблема здесь не в &lt;em&gt;пробеле&lt;/em&gt; после дефиса (между словами пробел, конечно же, необходим), а собственно в правильном использовании &lt;strong&gt;висячего дефиса.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;И ещё: на процесс &lt;em&gt;говорения&lt;/em&gt; эти правильно или неправильно поставленные дефисы никак не влияют — они отображаются только в орфографии, то есть &lt;em&gt;в написании.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14449" LastActivityDate="2020-12-16T01:46:11.100" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23090" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23091" CreationDate="2020-12-17T17:13:47.727" Score="3" ViewCount="81" Body="&lt;p&gt;У самого (+ masculine noun in genitive case)... У самой (+ feminine noun in genitive case)...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess that the initial form of these pronouns may be either &amp;quot;сам&amp;quot;/&amp;quot;сама&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;самый&amp;quot;/&amp;quot;самая&amp;quot;. Unfortunately, it's written text and the book does not provide any accent marks. So how would you determine if it's a form of сам or самый?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastActivityDate="2020-12-17T17:39:08.717" Title="How to determine the initial form of the words like &quot;самого&quot;, &quot;самой&quot;?" Tags="&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23091" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23090" CreationDate="2020-12-17T17:30:18.907" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The initial form (and the stress) depends on the meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;са́мого, са́мой&lt;/strong&gt; (from &lt;strong&gt;са́мый&lt;/strong&gt;) usually come before an adjective to form the superlative: са́мого лу́чшего, са́мой краси́вой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;самого́, само́й&lt;/strong&gt; (from &lt;strong&gt;сам&lt;/strong&gt;) mean 'himself', 'herself' and usually come after a personal pronoun: его́ самого́, ей само́й or before a noun: самого́ президе́нта, само́й ма́тери Тере́зы.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;See which meaning better fits the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2020-12-17T17:39:08.717" LastActivityDate="2020-12-17T17:39:08.717" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23092" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23093" CreationDate="2020-12-18T07:07:11.577" Score="1" ViewCount="191" Body="&lt;p&gt;Disclaimer: I'm a true beginner with the Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I struggle translating a riddle:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm between the King and the Queen - where am I?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The ‘King’ and the ‘Queen’ being playing card, it seems that ‘Queen’ would be translated &lt;code&gt;дама&lt;/code&gt; in this context, but should ‘King’ stay &lt;code&gt;король&lt;/code&gt; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, what's most correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я между королем и дамой - Где я ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;vs&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я между король и дама - Где я ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15293" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-12-18T09:43:34.733" LastActivityDate="2020-12-18T10:27:38.130" Title="Help translating a sentence - Playing cards" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23093" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23092" CreationDate="2020-12-18T09:41:20.390" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;In playing cards, ‘Queen’ is &lt;em&gt;дама&lt;/em&gt; and ‘King’ is &lt;em&gt;король&lt;/em&gt;. The first variant of the translation is absolutely correct,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я между королем и дамой - Где я ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, &lt;code&gt;королем&lt;/code&gt; can be spelled as &lt;code&gt;королём&lt;/code&gt; which is even more correct. Whenever a Russian word has the letter &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt;, one is free to spell it as &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt;, still the pronunciation remains that of &lt;code&gt;ё&lt;/code&gt;, that is, [jo] or [o] with the previous consonant palatalized, the latter being the case with &lt;code&gt;королём&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;королем&lt;/code&gt; [kərɐˈlʲom].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the second variant of translation the cases are wrong, both nouns after &lt;em&gt;между&lt;/em&gt; must be in the Instrumental case, not in the Nominative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2020-12-18T10:27:38.130" LastActivityDate="2020-12-18T10:27:38.130" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23095" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23096" CreationDate="2020-12-21T10:24:51.440" Score="0" ViewCount="99" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was recently assigned to write about the Franco-Prussian War, and wanted to write at the end that &amp;quot;German strength and French revanchism would become causes of World War I.&amp;quot; How would you translate this &amp;quot;would become&amp;quot; into Russian? I thought of either &amp;quot;стали&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;станут&amp;quot;, but this doesn't seem to be an exact translation of forms like &amp;quot;would become&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15214" LastActivityDate="2020-12-21T10:51:54.580" Title="How would you translate an expression like &quot;would become&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23096" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23095" CreationDate="2020-12-21T10:51:54.580" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, by meaning it's something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Немецкая мощь и французский реваншизм впоследствии станут причиной Первой мировой войны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Сила немцев и реваншизм французов в итоге станут одними из причин Первой мировой войны.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2020-12-21T10:51:54.580" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23097" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-21T11:28:23.547" Score="3" ViewCount="126" Body="&lt;p&gt;Нужна ли запятая в предложении:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Поэтому(,) о чём тут может идти речь?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не имей предложение оборота &amp;quot;о чём&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Поэтому мы пришли вовремя&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, запятая бы не требовалась, насколько мне ведомо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Однако &amp;quot;поэтому&amp;quot; стоит перед той частью, перед которой в других предложениях запятая бы ставилась:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он даже и не думал, о чём  тут может идти речь&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хотя здесь запятая, скорее, ставится просто из-за стыка двух основ.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11684" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2020-12-21T16:44:18.020" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T08:19:57.477" Title="Поэтому(,) о чём тут может идти речь?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23099" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23100" CreationDate="2020-12-22T23:45:00.417" Score="0" ViewCount="119" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know some Russian constructions which translate the English expressions &amp;quot;Whatever... [sth]&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Wherever... [swh]&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;No matter how much... [things]&amp;quot;. Those constructions appear, for example, in the following sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Что бы я ни делал&lt;/strong&gt;... - &lt;em&gt;Whatever I did... / No matter what I did...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Куда бы я ни ходил&lt;/strong&gt;... - &lt;em&gt;Wherever I went... / No matter where I went...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Сколько раз я бы ни пробовал&lt;/strong&gt;... - &lt;em&gt;No matter how many times I tried...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I am not mistaken, these sentences may be translated into the English present tense (&amp;quot;Whatever I do&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Wherever I go&amp;quot;, etc.), because the past tense of the verb is just a requirement of the &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; particle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, if I understood correctly, in order to convey the idea &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Whatever YOU... [sth]&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;, then &lt;strong&gt;бы&lt;/strong&gt; is dropped, and instead you have a &lt;strong&gt;ни + imperative&lt;/strong&gt; construction. Such as &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Куда ни глянь&lt;/strong&gt;...&amp;quot; meaning &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;Wherever you look at...&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;. OR, perhaps the imperative instead of the past tense is just an alternative construction, exclusive to the 2nd person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, this is my first doubt: is &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Куда ни глянь&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; an alternative to &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Куда бы ты ни глянул&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And here's my second doubt: how to express &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;No matter how much [of an adjective]&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;?&#xA;For example &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;No matter how good you are...&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;No matter how careful you are...&lt;/em&gt;&amp;quot;. So far, I have no idea how to fit the &lt;strong&gt;бы ни&lt;/strong&gt; expression in these examples, and so I need an alternative expression, replacing the adjective by a noun: I say &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Несмотря на твои качества&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;Несмотря на твою осторожность&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; to convey a similar idea. But, is there a workaround so as to use &amp;quot;хороший&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;осторожный&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8780" LastEditorUserId="5600" LastEditDate="2020-12-23T13:20:46.657" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:24:43.427" Title="Doubts about &quot;бы ни&quot; meaning &quot;No matter what/ how much/ etc.&quot;" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;comparative&gt;&lt;complex-sentence&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23100" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23099" CreationDate="2020-12-23T07:35:22.573" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;What an interesting question!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: I will be using a dash to separate parts of the sentence for clarity. Technically, these sentences do not strictly require it, and its usage is considered to add emphasis or contrast to the juxtaposition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, I want to point out that you have made some mistakes with your examples. I don't want to simply edit your question because I feel like I must let you know about that explicitly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While Russian is much more lax with its word order than, say, English, it can only do so with parts of speech that can show their dependencies using other tools, like changing their form. In your examples, both &lt;code&gt;ни&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;бы&lt;/code&gt; are out of place—since they can't change their form, they have to stay by the words they are attached to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что бы ни я делал... &lt;/code&gt; -&amp;gt; &lt;code&gt;Что бы я ни делал... &lt;/code&gt; (otherwise it would seem like &lt;code&gt;ни&lt;/code&gt; is referring to &lt;code&gt;я&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Куда бы ни я ходил...&lt;/code&gt; -&amp;gt; &lt;code&gt;Куда бы я ни ходил...&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Сколько раз я бы ни пробовал...&lt;/code&gt; -&amp;gt; &lt;code&gt;Сколько бы раз я ни пробовал...&lt;/code&gt; (this is less confusing, but you still shouldn't do it; a good analogy is splitting infinitive in English—you technically could still convey your meaning perfectly, but it is better to avoid doing this)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, when it comes to translating these sentences, you should look to the second part of the sentence for clue with selecting the correct time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example, both of these phrases are correct and are referring to the current state of affairs:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что я ни делаю — всё выходит из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что бы я ни делал — всё выходит из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Both of these phrases translate to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Whatever I do—it all goes south.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say that the first variant is a bit more blunt. It has a stronger message because it implies that it is not just things that you have already tried in the past that did not work out—it is instead something that happens even now, so your misfortune did not stay in the past and is an ongoing issue.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, to my knowledge, there is no way in English to both maintain the general present tense of the sentence and to show this kind of distinction.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, if we are talking about events in the past, the sentence would be:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что я ни делал — всё выходило из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что бы я ни делал — всё выходило из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and it translates to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Whatever I would do—it all would go south.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here we are using &lt;code&gt;would&lt;/code&gt;'s ability to form habitual/repeated actions in the context of past events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But we can also use this construct to talk about things in the future!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что бы я ни делал — всё выйдет из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which translates to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Whatever I do—it all will go south.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You might wonder where did the alternative go on this one. Well... it is technically a correct phrase: &lt;code&gt;Что я ни буду делать — всё выйдет из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;. However, it is so clunky that its use would be situational at best, and most speakers would probably just rephrase the entire sentence rather than use it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, as you can see, the phrase can be used with all tenses, not just the present one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But that is not all! You should also consider the perfective aspect of the Russian verb inside that construct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что бы я ни делал&lt;/code&gt; vs &lt;code&gt;Что бы я ни сделал&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is no direct correlation between the perfective aspect of Russian and the perfect aspect of English, but in some cases, the translation will be perfect rather than simple:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Чтобы я ни сделал — это всё в прошлом.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which translates to&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Whatever have I done—it is all in the past.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Again, I must emphasize that it does not mean that all perfective verbs should be translated into perfect tense: &lt;code&gt;Что бы я ни сделал — она будет недовольна.&lt;/code&gt; will translate into simple &lt;code&gt;Whatever I do—she will be unhappy.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, onto your question about imperatives. It is indeed an alternative for the second person. So the following are correct:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Present:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что ты ни делаешь — всё выходит из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что бы ты ни делал — всё выходит из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что ты ни делай — всё выходит из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что ты ни делал — всё выходило из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что бы ты ни делал — всё выходило из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что ты ни делай — всё выходило из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что бы ты ни делал — всё выйдет из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что ты ни делай — всё выйдет из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And, of course, you can drop that pronoun for brevity if it is obvious from context (or from your use of imperative) that the subject is indeed the second person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for your second question: the direct translation of &lt;code&gt;No matter how good you are&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;However good you are&lt;/code&gt; would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Каким бы хорошим ты ни был&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, a short form is begging to be used there:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как бы хорош ты ни был&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I should point out that full form of &lt;code&gt;хороший&lt;/code&gt; implies goodness of heart, or of material, etc. But for your example, I get the sense that the phrase means more of a &amp;quot;master&amp;quot;, which is better reflected by the short form in Russian. That is specifically for &lt;code&gt;хороший&lt;/code&gt;, with &lt;code&gt;осторожный&lt;/code&gt; you could use either:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Каким бы осторожным ты ни был&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Как бы осторожен ты ни был&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'll also point out that in English, &amp;quot;how&amp;quot; has the connotation of both quality and quantity (as in &amp;quot;How much more careful can I be?&amp;quot;), so in Russian, it could also be appropriate to translate that phrase as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Насколько бы осторожным ты ни был&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Насколько бы осторожен ты ни был&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It gives it that same feeling of the quantitative assertion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, I want to also cover an interesting edge case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These phrases are correct and absolutely can be used:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что я ни делал — всё выходит из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что я ни делал — всё выйдет из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Что я ни делаю — всё выйдет из рук вон плохо.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would say that the difference in time between the parts of the sentence is used to specify that described actions are lengthy and have a somewhat delayed nature.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So in the example, it definitely will go south, but there is a delay between me doing something and it turning bad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T07:24:43.427" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:24:43.427" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23102" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-25T14:40:15.307" Score="1" ViewCount="178" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a language forum, someone posted the following sentence for translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но увлекаться ягодой не стоит, ведь она &lt;strong&gt;сильный аллерген&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At first sight, it seems illogical to me because by my reasoning (and I'm not the last coke in the desert), if you're allergic to something, you can't even eat one, so I don't see the logic in не увлекаться in this context. I also feel that this sentence would have more logically been addressed to &lt;em&gt;those with an allergy to...&lt;/em&gt; Furthermore, if the allergen is so сильный, by all logic, it wouldn't take more than one unit to cause a reaction. Am I missing something? Is there a linguistic element present in the word аллерген that we don't have in English? By the way, the sentence is about strawberries and is based on this &lt;a href=&quot;https://rus.jauns.lv/article/zdorove/393548-tri-maloizvestnykh-fakta-o-klubnike-pochemu-ne-stoit-uvlekatsya-samoy-populyarnoy-yagodoy-leta&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;article&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3892" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2020-12-26T15:06:05.457" LastActivityDate="2020-12-26T15:10:12.110" Title="Does аллерген refer to an allergy or to any reaction?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23103" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23102" CreationDate="2020-12-25T15:01:00.270" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The sentence is grammatically correct but colloquial and scientifically unsound, as is common for postings on the internets. In Russian the word «аллерген» has exactly the same meaning as in English. When someone says «сильный аллерген» he/she typically means that either a large portion of the population is allergic to the substance or, for those allergic to it, even a very small amount of it causes significant reaction. The exact meaning would need to be derived from the phrase context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastActivityDate="2020-12-25T15:01:00.270" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23104" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23102" CreationDate="2020-12-25T15:01:11.553" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, not everything said in Internet is correct even if somebody insists on being correct ;) This phrase indeed does not make sense because true, being allergic to something is a pretty binary thing: either you are allergic or not. And yep, &amp;quot;аллерген&amp;quot; is something that causes allergy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My guess would be the author meant something like &amp;quot;but be careful, it's allergenic&amp;quot; but this Stack is not about guesses.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="3892" LastEditDate="2020-12-26T15:10:12.110" LastActivityDate="2020-12-26T15:10:12.110" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23105" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-26T05:31:10.247" Score="-1" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;I’m translating an audio in Russian, where the speaker says, “поэтому я так счастлива что ... неужели ура!” i might be hearing the speaker incorrectly, but if not, I was wondering what неужели meant in this context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15317" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-12-28T14:22:55.477" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T08:02:38.090" Title="Can &quot;неужели&quot; be used in a sentence that isn’t a question?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23107" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23105" CreationDate="2020-12-26T07:56:42.680" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It would have been nice to have at least the first part of the sentence as some context, but even considering the given part we can tell that the result was long hoped for and the speaker did some great job, so this can be interpreted as &amp;quot;it happened to be successful at last&amp;quot; with some surprise.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;поэтому я так счастлива что ... неужели ура!(&lt;strong&gt;неужели наконец получилось&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2020-12-28T10:23:03.163" LastActivityDate="2020-12-28T10:23:03.163" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23108" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-26T20:23:59.690" Score="0" ViewCount="101" Body="&lt;p&gt;В словаре Даля есть слово &amp;quot;Аде'я&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;Ад&amp;quot;. Ударение указано на &amp;quot;я&amp;quot;.&#xA;Меня поглощает вопрос - какая будет форма слова для родительного падежа множественного числа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ад'ей?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно ли по этому слову определить ударение единственного числа именительного падежа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ад'ея?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Аде'я?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если взять &amp;quot;идея&amp;quot;, то мн.ч. р.п. будет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Идей&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но начальная форма с ударением на &amp;quot;е&amp;quot;. В таком случае выходит, что &amp;quot;ад'ея&amp;quot; и &amp;quot;аде'я&amp;quot; имеют общую форму в мн. ч. р.п. - &amp;quot;ад'ей&amp;quot;. Так?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Просто душа терзалась вопросом, есть ли четкое разграничение инфинитива, если имеется только &amp;quot;ад'ей&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11684" LastActivityDate="2020-12-29T18:20:34.237" Title="Формы слова &quot;Аде'я&quot;" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;множественное-число&gt;&lt;ударение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23109" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23110" CreationDate="2020-12-26T22:05:49.560" Score="3" ViewCount="151" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a Russian language book called Поехали, there's an exercise where we are supposed to be complete a sentence, and we get: &amp;quot;Антон ждёт Анну&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would translate this sentence as &amp;quot;Anton awaits / waits for Anna&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I consulted &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this wiktionary page&lt;/a&gt;, and it's stated that we should use the genitive case. This doesn't seem to be in accordance with the sentence above, since &amp;quot;Анну&amp;quot; is the accusative case... I would understand if we were dealing with a male person, since then the genitive and accusative would be equal, but in this case Анна is a female.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12974" LastActivityDate="2020-12-27T09:25:13.617" Title="&quot;Антон ждёт Анну&quot; or &quot;Антон ждёт Анны&quot;?" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23110" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23109" CreationDate="2020-12-26T23:56:26.600" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;It's &lt;code&gt;ждёт Анну&lt;/code&gt; since he not just waiting for any arbitrary Anna ;)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The thing is that &amp;quot;ждать&amp;quot; is governed by both Genitive and Accusative in Russian, depending on context. When you use &amp;quot;ждать&amp;quot; with some abstract noun, then it's Genitive, for instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ждать поезда&lt;/strong&gt; - to wait for a train.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ждать письма&lt;/strong&gt; - to wait for a letter.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ждать удачи&lt;/strong&gt; - to wait for success.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you use with some noun that in English most likely will be used with &amp;quot;the&amp;quot;, that is, with something that is called in Russian reference &amp;quot;cуществительное с оттенком определённости&amp;quot; (with connotation of definitiveness), then it's Accusative, like in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ждать поезд&lt;/strong&gt; [Москва-Анапа] - to wait for the train.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ждать письмо&lt;/strong&gt; [от сестры] - to wait for the letter.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that in colloquial speech some of the phrases are used interchangeably, the difference is very subtle. One can say &amp;quot;ждать удачу&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;ждать письма&amp;quot; while meaning some specific letter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2020-12-27T09:25:13.617" LastActivityDate="2020-12-27T09:25:13.617" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23111" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23108" CreationDate="2020-12-27T07:53:35.877" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Можно было бы адресовать вас к слову «колея», которое , как и «адея» (ад) является существительным женского рода с ударением на последний гласный, но , к сожалению, вопрос не имеет смысла, поскольку у некоторых существительных, в том числе и «ад», «рай» &lt;strong&gt;нет множественного числа&lt;/strong&gt;, см.словари &lt;strong&gt;Ушакова&lt;/strong&gt;, Орфоэпический словарь русского языка Аванесова.&#xA;При чём тут инфинитив, честно говоря, вообще непонятно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово &amp;quot;мзда&amp;quot; тоже &lt;strong&gt;не имеет множественного числа&lt;/strong&gt;, см. те же словари.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2020-12-29T18:20:34.237" LastActivityDate="2020-12-29T18:20:34.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23112" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23109" CreationDate="2020-12-27T08:24:29.983" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verbs ждать and ожидать can require both cases: genitive and accusative.&#xA;In case with a noun describing something &lt;strong&gt;animate&lt;/strong&gt;, always use &lt;strong&gt;accusative&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я ждал свою девушку( Анну, брата, собаку).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When the subject is &lt;strong&gt;inanimate and concrete&lt;/strong&gt;, use &lt;strong&gt;accusative&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я стоял на платформе, ожидая московский поезд.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise use genitive (see the previous answer)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не жди от него писем, не жди.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Источник: грамота.ру&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2020-12-27T08:29:59.437" LastActivityDate="2020-12-27T08:29:59.437" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23113" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23108" CreationDate="2020-12-27T16:33:11.400" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of any reason not to decline it according to Zaliznyak's paradigm 6b, same as &lt;em&gt;швея́ / шве́й, ворожея́ / вороже́й, колея́ / коле́й&lt;/em&gt;  etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This would give &lt;em&gt;адея́ / аде́й&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Our very own Sergey Slepov maintains an online edition of Zaliznyak's dictionary, which provides a &lt;a href=&quot;https://gramdict.ru/declension/symbols#declension&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;detailed algorithm&lt;/a&gt; on finding the declension paradigm for practically any Russian word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2020-12-27T16:33:11.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23114" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="12845" CreationDate="2020-12-27T21:27:26.907" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think the answers are exactly correct, because the given definitions of the idiom given in the question&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To mean exactly what is said&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and in one of the answers&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The idiom means &amp;quot;to put it bluntly&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are incorrect. This is the definition given in the dictionary linked to in the question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not to belabor the point or dwell on a minor detail. Said to excuse oneself for doing exactly that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some translations for this phrase into Russian that I could think of:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не хочу придираться к мелочам, но...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не хотел вдаваться в тонкости, но...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не хочу быть занудой/занудствовать, но...&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2020-12-27T21:27:26.907" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23115" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-28T21:12:20.003" Score="2" ViewCount="131" Body="&lt;p&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues%27_rotation_formula#Derivation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using the dot and cross products, the vector v can be decomposed into components parallel and perpendicular to the axis k, where the component parallel to k is called the &lt;em&gt;vector projection&lt;/em&gt; of v on k, and the component perpendicular to k is called the &lt;em&gt;vector rejection&lt;/em&gt; of v from k.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Vector projection&amp;quot; is &lt;em&gt;проекция вектора v на k&lt;/em&gt; in Russian, but I've never heard the term &amp;quot;vector rejection&amp;quot; before, neither in English nor in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there an established Russian term for it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2021-03-22T12:25:57.950" Title="Is there an established mathematical term for &quot;vector rejection&quot;?" Tags="&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23117" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14223" CreationDate="2020-12-29T01:56:50.647" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Читая книгу, я устал.&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;While reading the book, I got tired.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Читав книгу, я устал.&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;Having read the book, I got tired. (maybe a chapter or two)&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Because I had been reading the book, I got tired.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Прочитав книгу, я устал.&lt;/code&gt; means &lt;code&gt;Having finished reading the book (to the end of the last chapter), I got tired.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All three instances have different meanings and the different forms are necessary to express what happened accurately. None of them are obsolete.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15323" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2020-12-31T16:37:52.170" LastActivityDate="2020-12-31T16:37:52.170" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23118" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="4602" CreationDate="2020-12-29T02:38:11.023" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Russian Learners' Dictionary: 10,000 Russian Words in Frequency Order&amp;quot; by Nicholas Brown. The first 600 words have translations and examples. After that just translations.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14843" LastActivityDate="2020-12-29T02:38:11.023" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23119" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-30T12:48:24.520" Score="2" ViewCount="221" Body="&lt;p&gt;Терзаемо существо моё таким предложением:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Человек, рождённый(,) чтобы жить&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Нужна ли запятая после &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;рождённый&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Можно сказать по-другому:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Человек, чтобы жить рождённый&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этом варианте мне запятую поставить как-то уже меньше хочется. Однако, если сказать нечто в роде&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Человек, рождённый чтобы жить этой женщиной...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;напрашивается, что запятая нужна, так как есть разница между&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Человек, рождённый, чтобы жить, этой женщиной...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;=&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Человека родила эта женщина, чтоб он жил&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;и&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Человек, рождённый чтобы жить этой женщиной...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;=&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Человек родился, чтобы жить этой женщиной&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хотя последние два тоже, наверное, должно обособляться типа&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Человек, рождённый, чтобы жить этой женщиной...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Что думается, господа?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11684" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T07:59:54.277" Title="Человек, рождённый(,) чтобы жить" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23120" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2020-12-30T14:10:14.937" Score="3" ViewCount="201" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have been struggling to understand how to use “и” I know it means “and” but often I see the word and “and” doesn’t really make sense to me. Does it have alternative meanings?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&#xA;“  Но я очень люблю мучные изделия, поэтому и расту как на дрожжах.”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Да Я тебя и такую люблю”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I’ve also seen но и&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Can someone help me understand.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15331" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2020-12-30T14:35:58.123" LastActivityDate="2021-01-01T14:55:08.637" Title="Translation of &quot;и&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23123" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23124" CreationDate="2020-12-31T16:01:33.650" Score="2" ViewCount="147" Body="&lt;p&gt;Произношение слова «случай» звучит как «случий». Если я бы знал как его написать, я бы написал «случий» или «случьяй», потому что знаю, что безударное «я» звучит как «и». Но безударное «а» звучит как «а», и так не понимаю почему в слове «случай» иначе. Есть какой-то принцип про это или это исключение?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11708" LastEditorUserId="3680" LastEditDate="2020-12-31T16:05:34.187" LastActivityDate="2021-01-03T15:22:05.740" Title="Произношение слова «случай» - это принцип или исключение?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23124" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23123" CreationDate="2020-12-31T16:51:42.277" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;Да, это закономерно: после мягких согласных звуков в слабой позиции звук [а] редуцируется до [и]: &lt;strong&gt;счастливый, сякой, язык.&lt;/strong&gt; (Слово &lt;strong&gt;язык&lt;/strong&gt; начинается с мягкого согласного [й].)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэтому, например, слова &lt;strong&gt;чистота&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;частота&lt;/strong&gt; звучат одинаково.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Есть даже анекдот:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Мама: Доча, чем вас сегодня кормили в садике?&#xA;Дочь: Чем-то на букву И!&#xA;Мама: Икра?&#xA;Дочь: Не-е-ет!&#xA;Мама: Изюм?&#xA;Дочь: Не-е-ет!&#xA;Мама: Что же это?&#xA;Дочь: Иичко!&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2021-01-03T15:22:05.740" LastActivityDate="2021-01-03T15:22:05.740" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23125" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23120" CreationDate="2020-12-31T23:34:51.257" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most often “и” translates to “and”, but it's used in other ways as well. For example, it can be used before each item in an enumeration. Compare:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;“Я купил чай, хлеб, сыр и чеснок”&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;“Я купил &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; чай, &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; хлеб, &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; сыр, &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; чеснок”&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence sounds dry, a mere statement of fact: “I bought tea, bread, cheese, and garlic”. In the second sentence, by prefixing each item with “и”, the speaker highlights the &lt;strong&gt;exhaustiveness&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;extensiveness&lt;/strong&gt; of the enumeration, as in “I bought &lt;em&gt;so many things&lt;/em&gt;” or “I bought &lt;em&gt;all the things we needed&lt;/em&gt;”.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When paired with other words, “и” can add emotional depth and subtext. Let's take a look at your examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;“Но я очень люблю мучные изделия, поэтому &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; расту как на дрожжах.” Here “и” strengthens “поэтому”, highlighting that the consequent is obvious. You could translate it as “naturally”: “But I love baked goods, so &lt;em&gt;naturally&lt;/em&gt; I grow by leaps and bounds”. It could be omitted without loss of meaning, only the tone of the text is affected.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;“Я тебя &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; такую люблю”. Here the use of “и” means that the stated information is a surprising instance of a more general rule, much like “даже”. The sentence translates to “I love you &lt;em&gt;even&lt;/em&gt; when you are like this”. A few similar examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;“Мне &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; без соли вкусно” (I like the taste &lt;em&gt;even&lt;/em&gt; without salt).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;“Они &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; кошек дрессируют” (They train &lt;em&gt;even&lt;/em&gt; cats)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;“но и” translates to “but also”, and I would typically expect it to be used with “не только” (“not only”). For example, one could say “Она не только умна, &lt;strong&gt;но и&lt;/strong&gt; трудолюбива” (She is not only smart &lt;em&gt;but also&lt;/em&gt; industrious).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8840" LastEditorUserId="8840" LastEditDate="2020-12-31T23:42:44.823" LastActivityDate="2020-12-31T23:42:44.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23126" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23097" CreationDate="2021-01-01T06:59:42.460" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The rules &lt;strong&gt;do not help us here&lt;/strong&gt;, but only &amp;quot;interfere&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Here «поэтому» is the introductory word&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The adverb &amp;quot;поэтому&amp;quot; has &lt;strong&gt;a SPECIAL POSITION&lt;/strong&gt; in this sentence, which is simply not considered in the rules. The word &amp;quot; поэтому &amp;quot;can be equated with the introductory word  «следовательно»   in all respects – both in meaning and in position at the beginning of the sentence before the interrogative pronoun &amp;quot;о чем&amp;quot;. The logical stress falls on it, and it is highlighted by a pause:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ПоЭтому, //о чЁм тут может идти речь?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, &lt;strong&gt;the actualization&lt;/strong&gt; of the adverb is simply necessary here. The logical emphasis falls on both &amp;quot;поэтому&amp;quot; and the interrogative word &amp;quot;о чем&amp;quot;. Can you read &amp;quot;поэтому о чем&amp;quot; without pausing between them? I don't think so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;But you will not find evidence in the rules&lt;/strong&gt; – this option is simply not considered in the classical code. But &amp;quot;поэтому&amp;quot; is included in the general list of words that are not introductory words, and you can point it out.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you want to refer to the rule on optional &lt;strong&gt;separation of circumstances?&lt;/strong&gt; But even there you will not find any single adverb separated at the beginning of the sentence, although there is also no prohibition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;In this way, &lt;strong&gt;there is a free zone without rules.&lt;/strong&gt; You can't prove that a comma is necessary, but &lt;strong&gt;you can show the courage to put it.&lt;/strong&gt; It is really needed here, and you have the right to author's punctuation. And you can refer to Rosenthal:&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;If complete unification is desirable and necessary in the field of spelling, then this requirement does not apply to punctuation. The peculiarity of Russian punctuation is &lt;strong&gt;the flexibility of the punctuation system.&lt;/strong&gt; All this excludes a formal approach to compliance with the rules.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastActivityDate="2021-01-01T06:59:42.460" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23127" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23119" CreationDate="2021-01-01T07:54:39.480" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;1 Человек, рождённый, чтобы жить. Запятая нужна.причастный оборот включает придаточное цели с союзом &amp;quot;чтобы&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;2 Человек, чтобы жить рождённый. Можно и так, но только первый вариант лучше, причастие обычно ставят после существительного, к которому оно относится. Смысл здесь: Человек, рожденный для жизни.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;3 Человек, рождённый, чтобы жить, этой женщиной... Лучше: Человек, рожденный этой женщиной (для жизни), чтобы жить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если запятых нет, то смысл меняется.  Чтобы жить этой женщиной.(смысл либо, жить ради неё, либо родился женщиной). Но перед &amp;quot;чтобы&amp;quot; запятая сохраняется.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;То есть всегда выделяется причастный оборот, если он стоит после существительного, каким бы сложным и распространенным он ни был. И от перестановки и пропуска знаков препинания смысл может измениться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="6539" LastEditDate="2021-01-01T08:01:04.480" LastActivityDate="2021-01-01T08:01:04.480" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23128" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-01T11:27:26.923" Score="2" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;В этот раз озадачена душа моя следующей ситуацией:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я видел (не)спасшегося в тот день человека&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не понимаю адекватный и разумный повод писать причастие раздельно от частицы &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;не&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как-то давно ко мне пришло логическое понимание, почему &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;не&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; должно отделяться от прилагательных в оборотах противопоставления, например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это была не большая машина, а маленькая&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я объяснил это самому себе так, что &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;не&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;а&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; - как две чаши весов, на которых сравниваются определённые вещи. Таким образом мы не можем написать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это была небольшая машина, а маленькая&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ибо получится, что одной чаши не станет, а тогда весы работать перестанут, так как картина будет следующая:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Это была крохотная машина, а маленькая&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ведь мы же можем заменить &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;небольшая&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; на &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;крохотная&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, к примеру, почему нет. В таком случае противопоставление лишается одной из половин, и всё становится очень печально.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом я понял это правило умом и разумом, а не зубрёжкой. Понять, почему нельзя писать слитно &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;не&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; с причастиями я умом понять не могу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возьмём, например, это же &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;неспасшийся&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. Мы же можем сказать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Неспасшийся человек был очень добр при жизни&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зависимых слов нет, пишем слитно. Можно перефразировать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Погибший человек был очень добр при жизни&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Всё отлично. Дак почему мы не можем сказать&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я видел неспасшегося в тот день человека&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;если мы можем представить &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;неспасшегося&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; как &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;погибшего&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; по примеру &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;небольшой&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; = &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;крохотный&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, получив&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я видел погибшего в тот день человека&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На данный момент эдакое правило мне видится буквально &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;выщебетанным&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; устами какого-то очередного дяденьки, который взял и расписал очередной учебник, после чего, непонятно почему, его постулаты стали считаться эталоном русского языка. Есть какое-то логическое понимание верности этого правила? Просто хотелось бы действительно &lt;strong&gt;ПОНЯТЬ&lt;/strong&gt; логику правила, а не тупо &lt;strong&gt;ЗАЗУБРИТЬ&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11684" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-01-01T18:04:01.090" LastActivityDate="2021-01-08T12:56:56.930" Title="Написание причастий с раздельным &quot;не&quot;" Tags="&lt;причастие&gt;&lt;противопоставление&gt;&lt;слитно-раздельно&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23129" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23120" CreationDate="2021-01-01T13:52:47.820" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Generally &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; means &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is some Russian logic that stands behind &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; in your examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I love [bakery products] &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; [that's why I] grow. I.e. I love &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; grow.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я тебя &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; такую люблю (I love you &lt;em&gt;even&lt;/em&gt; when you are like that). The idea is following: I love you when you are good &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; when you are like that.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other examples in &lt;em&gt;int-index&lt;/em&gt;'s answer can be translated in a similar way: They train (other animals) &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; cats.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;«Но и» is directly translated as &lt;em&gt;but also&lt;/em&gt;, and you can see that &lt;strong&gt;also&lt;/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; mean more or less the same.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я люблю не только кофе, &lt;strong&gt;но и&lt;/strong&gt; чай (Not only I like coffee &lt;strong&gt;but also&lt;/strong&gt; tea). It means I like both coffee &lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt; tea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastEditorUserId="1958" LastEditDate="2021-01-01T14:55:08.637" LastActivityDate="2021-01-01T14:55:08.637" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23130" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23123" CreationDate="2021-01-01T14:01:49.890" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Попробуйте прочитать «случй» или «случьй». У вас получится примерно то же самое. Это и есть редукция — вы стараетесь произнести как можно меньше гласного в данной позиции.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В слове «молоко», например, в первом слоге тоже не [а] произносится (в «стандартном» произношении), так что дело не только в мягкости.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1958" LastEditorUserId="1958" LastEditDate="2021-01-01T14:36:19.280" LastActivityDate="2021-01-01T14:36:19.280" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23131" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23128" CreationDate="2021-01-01T15:45:57.347" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;При отсутствии подчиненных слов «не» принадлежит причастию и потому является приставкой.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;При наличии же подчиненных слов «не» относится не к одному слову, а к обороту в целом, становясь союзом: &lt;code&gt;человека &lt;em&gt;какого?&lt;/em&gt; не &amp;lt;спасшегося в тот день&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Сравните с полноценным противопоставлением, где мы тоже сравниваем конструкции в целом: &lt;code&gt;человека &lt;em&gt;какого?&lt;/em&gt; не &amp;lt;спасшегося в тот день&amp;gt;, а &amp;lt;погибшего при таких-то обстоятельствах&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почему причастие при отрицании подтягивает всю зависящую от него цепочку слов — не знаю. Возможно, семантическая особенность, появившаяся при отделении русского (или вообще славянских — тут надо сравнивать) языков от более общего предка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7547" LastEditorUserId="7547" LastEditDate="2021-01-01T15:56:41.993" LastActivityDate="2021-01-01T15:56:41.993" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23132" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-01T17:21:05.807" Score="0" ViewCount="68" Body="&lt;p&gt;Задумалась мне задумка одна - как ведёт себя краткое прилагательное с частицей &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;не&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, слитно или раздельно, когда есть подозреваемый на &amp;quot;зависимое слово&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не убивший выстрелом снайпер сам был убит&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Здесь &amp;quot;выстрелом&amp;quot; - зависимое слово в творительном падеже, значит, &lt;strong&gt;не убивший&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; пишется раздельно. А что делать с прилагательными?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Не двуличен своим поведением тот, кто не умеет обманывать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С одной стороны можно, наверное, заменить как бы на &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Простоватый&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Простоват своим поведением тот, кто не умеет обманывать&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По такой логике частица &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;не&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; должна писаться слитно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос таков: нужно ли писать отрицательную частицу &amp;quot;не&amp;quot; раздельно от краткого прилагательного, если есть зависимое слово, как это происходит при разделении &amp;quot;не&amp;quot; от причастий с зависимым словом, или можно написать слитно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11684" LastEditorUserId="11684" LastEditDate="2021-01-01T18:57:53.923" LastActivityDate="2021-01-03T13:52:42.463" Title="Не(двуличен) своим поведением" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;отрицание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23133" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23132" CreationDate="2021-01-02T06:23:30.590" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Наличие зависимых слов практически не влияет на написание частицы &amp;quot;не&amp;quot; с кратким прилагательным. Есть только один случай: если в зависимом слове есть приставка, либо частица &amp;quot;ни&amp;quot;, то &amp;quot;не&amp;quot; с кратким прилагательным пишется отдельно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Они ни в чём не похожи друг на друга; Эта река никогда не спокойна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Там существует ряд других факторов, как наличие противопоставления:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Книга не интересна, а скучна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А также вкладываемый автором смысл.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;По Розенталю.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«В зависимости от смысла частица не с краткими формами прилагательных может писаться то слитно, то раздельно; ср.: наша семья небогата (‘бедна’) — наша семья не богата (‘среднего достатка’); эта девушка некрасива (утверждается отрицательный признак) — эта девушка не красива (отрицается положительный признак); адрес неизвестен (отрицается «известность»); Невелика беда — дождь. — Не велика, казалось бы, эта дистанция для стайеров»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Подробнее &lt;a href=&quot;http://old-rozental.ru/orfografia.php?sid=77&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://old-rozental.ru/orfografia.php?sid=77&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Логическое ударение тоже играет роль.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом, в вашем случае, возможны оба варианта.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastEditorUserId="10177" LastEditDate="2021-01-03T13:52:42.463" LastActivityDate="2021-01-03T13:52:42.463" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23136" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23139" CreationDate="2021-01-05T10:49:10.573" Score="1" ViewCount="304" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, the consonants that are not soft (except к, г, х) are harder than in English. What makes them harder is that the back of the tongue is kept high and back. Another exception is &amp;quot;l&amp;quot; as in &lt;em&gt;fall&lt;/em&gt;, which is hard in both languages. (&amp;quot;velarized&amp;quot;) All other consonants are non-velarized in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would like to learn what are the common methods &lt;em&gt;that can be used&lt;/em&gt; to teach this. I find this important since it seems to be the primary reason non-native speakers sound as foreigners to Russians.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To give a better example of what I'm talking about, I found two recordings of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6125292&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this text&lt;/a&gt; twice by the same speaker, once with velarization (time mark 00:00) and once without (00:33). The recording is at the bottom of &lt;a href=&quot;https://accentsoff.com/an-authentic-american-accent/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;this page&lt;/a&gt;. I need to learn to pronounce with velarization.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My largest problems are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I usually don't hear the difference between normal and hard consonants when I speak&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;My tongue becomes too tense when I velarize&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do you have any tips? I think I devised some which I might post, but later, to avoid influencing answers. Any ideas? I hope this kind of brainstorming is within the scope of this site.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: For example consider the word &amp;quot;love&amp;quot;. With my non-velarized v, I can feel the back of my tongue moving and relaxing forward in the middle of the word. This wouldn't happen if a Russian speaker pronounced it, (back of the tongue would stay at the same place), would it? So an exercise for me would be moving only the tip/front half of my tongue while pronouncing it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT 2: After accepting the answer, I made further research, and finally solved my problem completely. Firstly, &lt;a href=&quot;https://icphs2019.org/icphs2019-fullpapers/pdf/full-paper_828.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;velarization is real&lt;/a&gt;. To acquire those sounds, I used &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/mVY0VElvp6o?t=14&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;any pronunciation of the alphebet&lt;/a&gt; and tried to imitate those sounds. What I found was, even though they were slightly velarized, the largest difference between English and Russian hard consonants was that Russian ones are made with the tongue lower. It seems that I'm on the correct path, since this doesn't make my tongue exhausted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT 3: To learn the oral posture, see this: &lt;a href=&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20191022020249/https://www.study-languages-online.com/russian-articulation.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20191022020249/https://www.study-languages-online.com/russian-articulation.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT 4: My last edit, sorry for bumping again. &lt;a href=&quot;https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/a/38618/28113&quot;&gt;The research linked&lt;/a&gt; solved my problem. All (if not almost all) hard consonants are uvularized. This means, the tongue is retracted horizontally to the back without its back raising or descending. This is what gives the Russian hard consonants &amp;quot;as if the mouth was more closed&amp;quot; say my ears.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15346" LastEditorUserId="15346" LastEditDate="2021-03-27T21:28:38.223" LastActivityDate="2021-03-27T21:28:38.223" Title="How to pronounce &quot;hard consonants&quot; correctly?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;согласные&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23138" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23128" CreationDate="2021-01-05T19:10:36.390" Score="1" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The participle as a verb form&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The participle is not an independent part of speech, but a special verb form, although it has the grammatical form of an adjective. The participle denotes a mark &lt;strong&gt;as an action&lt;/strong&gt; related &lt;strong&gt;to time&lt;/strong&gt;, while the adjective denotes a mark as a &lt;strong&gt;permanent quality.&lt;/strong&gt; (I even believe that we can say otherwise: the participle denotes an action as a mark, but this is only a private opinion.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The participle has the values of time and voice, and these are grammatical marks of the verb: «неспасшийся» is the valid past participle.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Prefix &amp;quot;НЕ&amp;quot; and negative particle &amp;quot;НЕ&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The adjective denotes a qualitative mark. The prefix «НЕ» is not connected to every adjective. For example, there is no word &amp;quot;некрасный&amp;quot;, since it is only a negation, we should write «не красный». Adjectives with a prefix «НЕ»  denote the opposite sign (for example, near is almost close).&#xA;Negative particle «НЕ» is written separately with verbs, since it denies the action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3. Influence of dependent words&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Dependent words do not affect the spelling of negative particle «НЕ» with adjectives, for example: неглубокая река – неглубокая в этом месте река.&#xA;Single participles converge with adjectives, denoting a mark as a permanent quality, but &lt;strong&gt;when dependent words appear, the constant quality begins to manifest itself as an ACTION:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;незамерзшее озеро (на нем нет льда) – еще не замершее озеро (озеро еще не замерзло);&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;неспасшийся  (погибший) человек – не спасшийся в тот день человек (человек не спасся в тот день).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's pay attention to the fact that dependent words &lt;strong&gt;pass from the verb to the participial turn.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This rule has often been suggested to simplify, but it is very closely related &lt;strong&gt;to grammar&lt;/strong&gt;, however, as well as all rules in Russian spelling. Grammar is a serious science, you should not touch it.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastEditorUserId="11535" LastEditDate="2021-01-08T12:56:56.930" LastActivityDate="2021-01-08T12:56:56.930" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23139" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23136" CreationDate="2021-01-06T05:33:22.057" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'd like to start with some important corrections. I feel that you misunderstand some of these, so I'll include them in my answer rather than editing your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First of all, the terms &lt;em&gt;soft&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;hard&lt;/em&gt; are very explicitly not about velarization. It is &lt;strong&gt;palatalization&lt;/strong&gt; that makes the difference. Hard consonants are non-palatalized, while soft ones are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Specifically, when the consonant is palatalized, it usually refers to the middle of the tongue moving closer to the palate behind the alveolar ridge, restricting the airflow. This, in turn, speeds the flow of air up, giving it a &amp;quot;softer&amp;quot;, almost sibilant feel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Velarization&lt;/em&gt;, on the other hand, occurs in Russian with any hard consonant before &lt;em&gt;ы&lt;/em&gt; (ɨ) sound, when the consonant acquires a secondary articulation point with the back of the tongue reaching for the velum. Though, I feel Russian is a bad example for velarization because the sounds are considered allophones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference between palatalization and velarization is extremely important: these are two different effects, with two different results. If anything, velarization would only make the consonant sound harder (&lt;strong&gt;but not produce a hard consonant&lt;/strong&gt;). Irish, for example, makes a distinction between broad and slender consonants. Broad are velarized, while slender are palatalized.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for hard Russian consonants sounding harder than in English, it is mostly down to oral posture in general. I find English to call for a more tense, &amp;quot;rounded&amp;quot; posture, where is Russian allows for more relaxed, &amp;quot;harsher&amp;quot; sounds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, notice how already &lt;em&gt;velar&lt;/em&gt; sounds к, г, and х can still be made soft with &lt;em&gt;palatalization&lt;/em&gt;. Sure, they are considered allophones, but the sounds are actually different.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, л is not always hard in Russian; there is a perfectly fine soft л' as in люк. So Russian has a velarized ɫ for hard л, while soft л' is instead a palatalized version of the l sound. Although, I am sure that if some speakers were to palatalize velarized ɫ, they would probably consider l&lt;sup&gt;j&lt;/sup&gt; and ɫ&lt;sup&gt;j&lt;/sup&gt; to be allophones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, I am not quite sure what you meant with your &amp;quot;love&amp;quot; example. Strictly speaking, a Russian speaker would not pronounce this word at all because it is an English word. So you would either get a regular English pronunciation (if a person is bilingual) or an English pronunciation with a Russian accent (if English is a secondary language for this person). However, accents are extremely varied and are even harder to quantify than dialects, so I'd avoid going down that rabbit hole.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, onto ways of teaching people the difference.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;First, you need to actually grasp that difference yourself, get reeeally familiar with how the middle of your tongue rises up to the middle of your palate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, I feel that a lot of English speakers don't necessarily realize how iotation works in combinations like &amp;quot;ня&amp;quot;. The vowel after the consonant affects the pronunciation of that consonant, but they make it two separate sounds: a hard&lt;em&gt;ish&lt;/em&gt; consonant н and an iotified vowel я. Help them bridge the two—that will go a long way into making their Russian pronunciation that much clearer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thirdly, as I mentioned, soft consonants have that almost sibilant whistle to them from the sped up air. While it is not strictly necessary to produce these sounds, I found moving the corners of the mouth backwards and up (kinda like smiling, but more back than up) to be helpful to make the articulation of that hiss more pronounced (experience may vary).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other than that—there is only one way to learn a language. Just keep them listening and speaking until they get it :D&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T08:10:40.650" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T08:10:40.650" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23140" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23119" CreationDate="2021-01-06T05:49:39.917" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Попробую ответить проще и откровеннее, дипломатия здесь вроде бы не приветствуется и только мешает.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Человек, рождённый(,) чтобы жить. Это предложение? Нет, конечно, в нем нет предикативной основы. Это назывная конструкция, распространенное словосочетание, к тому же построенное не лучшим образом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;А как же причастие &amp;quot;рожденный&amp;quot; в роли сказуемого?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ну что вы! Разве может быть сказуемым обособленный член предложения? К тому же полная форма причастий вообще редко бывает сказуемым, для этого есть краткая форма: Человек рожден, чтобы жить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;А почему полное причастие редко бывает сказуемым?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Если полное причастие стоит сразу после подлежащего, то его функцию трудно определить. В такое позиции может находиться определение с претензиями на смысловой центр высказывания. В языке все разумно, у каждой формы слова своя роль. В принципе полная форма причастия может быть сказуемым, но это особые случаи, например: Это только что написанная книга, ее еще не отдавали в печать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;А  остальные фразы?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;А все остальные фразы лишены смысла и построены с нарушением всех возможных норм, которые вообще существуют, то есть грамматических, структурно-интонационных, стилистических и коммуникативных. И что удивительно, в этих фразах автор просит проверить знаки препиания.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastActivityDate="2021-01-06T05:49:39.917" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23141" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23142" CreationDate="2021-01-08T11:04:16.173" Score="2" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know that the difference between &lt;code&gt;бегать&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;побегать&lt;/code&gt; is that &lt;code&gt;бегать&lt;/code&gt; is imperfective while &lt;code&gt;побегать&lt;/code&gt; is perfective. However, my dictionary says &lt;code&gt;бежать&lt;/code&gt; is a facultative verb (i.e. it has both imperfective meaning and perfective meaning). Then I get confused: if I want to use the perfective form, which should I choose? I would appreciate it if someone could give some explicit examples.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15212" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-02-18T17:18:28.533" LastActivityDate="2021-02-18T17:18:28.533" Title="Questions about &quot;бежать&quot; and &quot;побежать&quot;" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;глаголы-движения&gt;&lt;motion-verbs&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23142" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23141" CreationDate="2021-01-08T12:06:56.763" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference between бе́гать and побе́гать is not just aspectual. Побе́гать is in line with other similar verbs such as посиде́ть, постоя́ть, покури́ть all meaning 'to do something (сиде́ть, стоя́ть, кури́ть) for a while'. In other words, these verbs describe a continuous process with a distinct beginning and an end.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я бе́гаю ка́ждый день. - I run every day.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Пойду́ побе́гаю. - I'm going for a run.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бежа́ть is imperfective in all meanings but one, 'to escape': бежа́ть из тюрьмы́ (to escape from prison).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Побежа́ть is perfective:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Он побежа́л. - He started running.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бежа́ть vs бе́гать: бежа́ть is continuous / unidirectional, бе́гать is intermittent / multidirectional:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(Бе́гать:) Я бе́гаю ка́ждый день. - I run every day.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;(Бежа́ть:) Я бегу́ на встре́чу. - I'm running to the meeting.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2021-01-08T20:05:55.793" LastActivityDate="2021-01-08T20:05:55.793" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23144" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23146" CreationDate="2021-01-09T08:34:54.610" Score="3" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;По теме вопроса: &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/23037/what-is-the-difference-between-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE-and-%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE&quot;&gt;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/23037/what-is-the-difference-between-нечего-and-ничего&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Меня заинтересовала эта тема. В ответе говорилось, что «нечего» – это &lt;strong&gt;предикат&lt;/strong&gt;, в отличие от «ничего», которое  является объектом. Но это не показалось мне справедливым, я полагаю, что в русском языке «нечего» обычно тоже  &lt;strong&gt;объект&lt;/strong&gt;, но в частном случае может быть &lt;strong&gt;предикатом&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Но главное – это проблема с переводом текста на английский язык.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нечего говорить&lt;/em&gt; (не надо говорить) – это предикат, &lt;em&gt;нечего сказать&lt;/em&gt; (нет информации)  – это объект. В русском языке &lt;strong&gt;смысл разный&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Работаю с переводчиком, но в обоих случаях получаю &lt;strong&gt;одинаковый результат&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;nothing to say&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Составляю предложения на эту тему. &lt;em&gt;Нечего говорить, если не знаешь. Ему нечего сказать.&lt;/em&gt; Переводчик сообщает: &lt;em&gt;There's nothing to say if you don't know. He has nothing to say.&lt;/em&gt; Первое предложение мне кажется &lt;strong&gt;неверным&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Делаю замену: не надо говорить, если не знаешь. Получаю: Don't tell me if you don't know.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;И какой вывод? Переводчик узнает только &lt;strong&gt;объектное значение,&lt;/strong&gt;  а предикат переводит &lt;strong&gt;неверно или неточно&lt;/strong&gt;? А как же тогда перевести «нечего говорить» в значении «не надо (не следует)  говорить»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пожалуйста, помогите разобраться.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В знак благодарности за ответы и ваше внимание добавлю немного полезной &lt;strong&gt;информации на эту тему.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В русском языке предложения с местоимением «нечего» относятся  к особой группе &lt;strong&gt;односоставных&lt;/strong&gt; предложений (с одним главным членом, обычно сказуемым). Такие предложения называются «&lt;strong&gt;безлично-инфинитивными»&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Их &lt;strong&gt;структура&lt;/strong&gt; такова: инфинитив, местоимение (с отрицанием или без отрицания) и связка «быть» при необходимости.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Примеры:&lt;/strong&gt;  Нечего читать. Нечего было читать. Есть что почитать. Будет о чем поговорить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;В толковом словаре&lt;/strong&gt; для местоимения «нечего» в значения предиката дается указание  &lt;strong&gt;на разговорный стиль и модальное значение&lt;/strong&gt;: не приходится, не следует; не полагается; нет смысла, не нужно; незачем.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Примеры&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Начнем с А.С.Пушкина: В молчании добро должно твориться. Но &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;нечего&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; об этом толковать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Другие примеры:&lt;/strong&gt; Нечего надеяться на помощь.  Ей нечего меня стыдиться. Нечего стоять под дождём. Нечего заранее волноваться.  Хорош, нечего сказать! (неодобр., значение объекта, сов. вид).  Нечего и говорить (выражение согласия).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastEditorUserId="11535" LastEditDate="2021-01-10T06:04:11.490" LastActivityDate="2021-01-10T06:04:11.490" Title="Как различить значения объекта и предиката для местоимения «нечего» при переводе?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23145" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23037" CreationDate="2021-01-09T09:59:25.237" Score="2" Body="&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The particles НЕ and НИ &lt;strong&gt;differ in meaning&lt;/strong&gt;: НЕ – a &lt;strong&gt;negative&lt;/strong&gt; particle, and НИ – an &lt;strong&gt;amplifying&lt;/strong&gt; particle, which amplifies the negation already indicated.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is &lt;strong&gt;the most important thing&lt;/strong&gt;, and you should always keep this in mind when solving all private problems. Grammatically, the particle НИ can be a &lt;strong&gt;prefix&lt;/strong&gt; in negative pronouns, but it can be a &lt;strong&gt;separate particle&lt;/strong&gt;, and it is also included in the &lt;strong&gt;union НИ...НИ&lt;/strong&gt; (NEITHER ... NOR).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Мне нечего делать&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. НЕ – negative particle (as a prefix). &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я ничего не дела&lt;/em&gt;ю&lt;/strong&gt;. The particle НЕ before the verb denotes negation, and the particle НИ in the pronoun reinforces negation.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Что с ним такое? Как ты себя чувствуешь? – &lt;strong&gt;Ничего&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. Here we have in mind: ничего не случилось, всё нормально, всё в порядке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Хочешь что-то сказать&lt;/em&gt;? – &lt;em&gt;Нет, &lt;strong&gt;ничего&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. (Ничего не хочу сказать).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, negation is not always explicitly denoted, but it is implied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;There are pairs of negative pronouns: ничего – нечего, ничему – нечему, ничем – нечем, ни о чем – не о чем. &lt;strong&gt;The stress&lt;/strong&gt; in pronouns falls on НЕ, but does not fall on НИ.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Examples&lt;/strong&gt; (a pronoun has the meaning of &lt;strong&gt;an object&lt;/strong&gt; in all cases):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Почему ты ничего не делаешь? – Мне нечего делать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он ничему не удивляется. – Его нечем удивить.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Он ничем не интересуется. – Ему просто нечем заняться.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Она ни о чем не рассказывает. – Может быть, ей не о чем рассказывать&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Difficult question&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1)  Ему было нечего сказать. The value of an object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(2) Нечего говорить, если не знаешь. The value of the predicate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why does the pronoun &amp;quot;нечего&amp;quot; have a different meaning? How did an ordinary object become a predicate? But this is a separate topic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastEditorUserId="11535" LastEditDate="2021-01-09T10:53:45.967" LastActivityDate="2021-01-09T10:53:45.967" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23146" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23144" CreationDate="2021-01-09T17:37:20.650" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;нечего&lt;/em&gt; in the sense of &amp;quot;nothing to&amp;quot;: &lt;em&gt;нечего надеть, нечего сказать&lt;/em&gt; etc. can only be used with a verb which governs the accusative or genitive and accepts an inanimate object.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;нечего&lt;/em&gt; in the sense of &amp;quot;no need to, no use to&amp;quot;: &lt;em&gt;нечего сдаваться, нечего беспокоиться&lt;/em&gt; can only be used with an imperfective verb.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With an imperfective verb which governs accusative or genitive of an inanimate object, there is no way to tell the exact the role of &lt;em&gt;нечего&lt;/em&gt; just from the structure of the sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Нечего бояться&lt;/em&gt; could mean both &amp;quot;there is no use in being afraid&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;there is nothing to be afraid of&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2021-01-09T19:15:33.243" LastActivityDate="2021-01-09T19:15:33.243" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23147" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23144" CreationDate="2021-01-09T19:39:02.407" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I believe a good example would be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Нечего&lt;/strong&gt; (предикат) &lt;strong&gt;говорить&lt;/strong&gt;(always imperfective infinitive) , &lt;strong&gt;если нечего&lt;/strong&gt; (местоимение) &lt;strong&gt;сказать&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possible translations are&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep your mouth shut/ don't speak/ you shouldn't speak, etc.&#xA;if you have nothing to say.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2021-01-09T19:39:02.407" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23148" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-11T12:32:03.767" Score="-4" ViewCount="56" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть слово &lt;strong&gt;иноязычный&lt;/strong&gt;. Есть слово &lt;strong&gt;инопланетный&lt;/strong&gt;. Есть слово &lt;strong&gt;иностранный&lt;/strong&gt; и т.д.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если мне нужно соединить &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;глаз&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;ино&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, будет &lt;strong&gt;иноглазый&lt;/strong&gt; или &lt;strong&gt;иноглазной&lt;/strong&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Лично мне как-то больше нравится &lt;strong&gt;иноглазый&lt;/strong&gt;, но, раз уж я чернилю здесь виртуальные полотна не менее виртуальными чернилами, значит, сомнения имеются у меня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11684" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-01-11T13:20:37.143" LastActivityDate="2021-01-22T11:05:54.517" Title="Иноглазый или Иноглазной" Tags="&lt;приставки&gt;&lt;словообразование&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23149" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23148" CreationDate="2021-01-11T13:21:05.673" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если чисто по-философски, то я считаю, что &lt;strong&gt;иноглазый&lt;/strong&gt; означало бы &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;(человек, зверь, существо) с другими глазами&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;. Например,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;иноглазая порода волков&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А &lt;strong&gt;иноглазной&lt;/strong&gt; - &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;для, от, связанно с другими глазами&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;требуется иноглазной взгляд&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastEditorUserId="10177" LastEditDate="2021-01-22T11:05:54.517" LastActivityDate="2021-01-22T11:05:54.517" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23150" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23151" CreationDate="2021-01-11T14:47:15.783" Score="0" ViewCount="156" Body="&lt;p&gt;Of course, the author meant administering eye drops.&#xA;How do you change the phrase in order to exclude the undesirable meaning (burying people)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T16:52:06.940" Title="How would you rephrase the sentence &quot;Всех больных закапывать в семь утра!&quot;?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23151" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23150" CreationDate="2021-01-11T18:13:44.697" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a decades-old, battle-proven &amp;quot;bulletin blooper&amp;quot; joke, deliberately using quite a contrived synecdoche (&lt;em&gt;закапывать больных&lt;/em&gt; vs. &lt;em&gt;закапывать глаза больным&lt;/em&gt;) to achieve the very much intended pun.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Get rid of the synecdoche, and the pun goes away.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2021-01-11T18:13:44.697" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23152" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9493" CreationDate="2021-01-11T23:38:21.333" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;because your house is your home and your home is a house (or mostly).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;дом -&amp;gt; (a) house/home&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;where are you? -&amp;gt; где ты?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;at a house -&amp;gt; в доме&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;at home -&amp;gt; дома (this is the prepositional way to say AT HOME in Russian, not any genitive form)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;as some people have already explained, it has nothing to do with Домой, they are not interchangeable because they don't have the same meaning (when it comes to the case they belong to) this last one would be the accusative form of дома.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;where are you going to? -&amp;gt; куда ты идешь?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I am going to a house -&amp;gt; Я иду в дом&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;I am going home -&amp;gt; Я иду домой&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15366" LastActivityDate="2021-01-11T23:38:21.333" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23153" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23154" CreationDate="2021-01-12T15:30:16.253" Score="12" ViewCount="5792" Body="&lt;p&gt;In 1957, Sputnik was launched. The word &amp;quot;sputnik&amp;quot; can be used for satellites in Russian or English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Before 1957, was &amp;quot;sputnik&amp;quot; used that way? Did Russians have a different word or phrase?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm interested in natural and artificial connotations. For example, in English we can say that the Moon is a natural satellite of Earth. How would this be said in Russian before 1957? What about the concept of artificial satellites in science fiction or proponents of rocketry, such as Tsiolkovsky in the early 1900s? What word did he use for satellite?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S., I understand the rough translation of &amp;quot;sputnik&amp;quot; is something like &amp;quot;fellow traveler&amp;quot;. But I don't know if such a meaning is odd or unusual in Russian when applying to natural satellites such as moons or asteroids.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5691" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T20:54:02.363" Title="Before 1957, what word or phrase was used for satellites (natural and artificial)?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;terminology&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23154" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23153" CreationDate="2021-01-12T16:35:15.713" Score="19" Body="&lt;p&gt;This was not a new word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The original meaning of the word &lt;em&gt;спутник&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;em&gt;traveling companion&lt;/em&gt;. It has been used in this sense &lt;a href=&quot;https://processing.ruscorpora.ru/graphic.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;g=i_year_created&amp;amp;graphic_from_result=1&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;sort=i_year_created&amp;amp;startyear=1800&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;req=%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&amp;amp;api=1.0&amp;amp;mode=graphic_main&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;endyear=2019&amp;amp;nodia=1&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;since the dawn of the modern Russian language&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similarly, the use of the word in the sense of a satellite of a planet &lt;a href=&quot;https://processing.ruscorpora.ru/graphic.xml?smoothing=3&amp;amp;g=i_year_created&amp;amp;graphic_from_result=1&amp;amp;lang=ru&amp;amp;sort=i_year_created&amp;amp;lex1=%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&amp;amp;parent1=0&amp;amp;startyear=1800&amp;amp;lex2=%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0&amp;amp;max2=3&amp;amp;text=lexgramm&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod2=sem2&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem&amp;amp;sem-mod1=sem2&amp;amp;level1=0&amp;amp;level2=0&amp;amp;api=1.0&amp;amp;mode=graphic_main&amp;amp;env=alpha&amp;amp;min2=1&amp;amp;endyear=2019&amp;amp;nodia=1&amp;amp;parent2=0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;has a long history&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For &lt;em&gt;artificial&lt;/em&gt; satellites it came into use as soon as the concept itself came about, in the &lt;a href=&quot;https://processing.ruscorpora.ru/search.xml?sort=gr_tagging&amp;amp;text=lexform&amp;amp;mycorp=&amp;amp;mode=main&amp;amp;doc_i_year_created=19161916&amp;amp;req=%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%20%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Tsiolkovsky books&lt;/a&gt;, as you surmised.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In 1957 the word simply became a &amp;quot;brand&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1688" LastEditorUserId="1688" LastEditDate="2021-01-12T19:05:11.137" LastActivityDate="2021-01-12T19:05:11.137" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23157" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23153" CreationDate="2021-01-12T19:52:17.997" Score="14" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here is a scan of the October 5, 1957 announcement from &lt;em&gt;Pravda&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;img src=&quot;https://www.russianspaceweb.com/images/spacecraft/science/sputnik/sputnik1_aftermath/pravda_1957_10_05_1.jpg&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first sentence reads:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В течение ряда лет в Советском Союзе ведутся научно-исседовательские и опытно-конструкторские работы по созданию искусственных спутников Земли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This can be translated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For many years now scientific research and the construction of prototypes has been going on in the Soviet Union with the goal of creating artificial Earth satellites.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Notice that the word &lt;strong&gt;спутник&lt;/strong&gt; (satellite) is not capitalized and is qualified by the adjective &lt;strong&gt;искусственный&lt;/strong&gt; (artificial). We could just as well have translated the last part thus:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...with the goal of creating artificial moons of the Earth.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;i&gt;New York Times&lt;/i&gt; in its story the same day &lt;a href=&quot;https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/partners/aol/special/sputnik/sput-01.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Soviet Fires Earth Satellite Into Space&lt;/a&gt; called it a moon three times starting in the third paragraph:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The official Soviet news agency Tass said the artificial moon, with a diameter of twenty-two inches and a weight of 184 pounds, was circling the earth once every hour and thirty-five minutes. This means more than fifteen times a day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So on October 5, 1957 the word &amp;quot;спутник&amp;quot; was already well-understood to the Russian reader in the metaphorical sense of a moon, an object in orbit around a larger body.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Interestingly the article in the &lt;em&gt;NYT&lt;/em&gt; does not use the word &amp;quot;sputnik&amp;quot; once. But the next day they ran a follow-up story about the Russian word entitled &lt;em&gt;Soviet ‘Sputnik’ Means A Traveler’s Traveler&lt;/em&gt;. Within weeks the English-language press had adopted the Russian word as a proper noun and was referring to the first artificial satellite as &amp;quot;Sputnik I&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This process in which a Russian word was adopted into English with only its newest meaning preserved is not uncommon. It can happen to English words too when Russians borrow them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example a decade or two after Sputnik I the English word &amp;quot;sex&amp;quot; entered Russian, but only with a meaning which many Americans still considered slang. Today one can use &lt;strong&gt;секс&lt;/strong&gt; to refer to the sex act, but would not be understood if we were to use it to say things like  &amp;quot;the female sex&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;the battle of the sexes&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another example is the word &lt;strong&gt;сепаратор&lt;/strong&gt; (separator) which refers to a device used in a dairy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This answer is based in two articles which I wrote earlier:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://commons.trincoll.edu/eclectic/where-did-sputnik-get-its-name/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Where Did Sputnik Get its Name&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.readyrussian.org/m?/Handouts/Usage%207--False%20Friends.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;False Friends&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastEditorUserId="4753" LastEditDate="2021-01-13T20:54:02.363" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T20:54:02.363" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23158" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23153" CreationDate="2021-01-12T23:04:37.667" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;em&gt;спутник&lt;/em&gt; meaning &amp;quot;a satellite of a celestial body&amp;quot; was coined, as were many other Russian scientific terms, by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Lomonosov&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mikhail Lomonosov&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He first used it in his 1744's translation of &lt;em&gt;Beschreibung des im Anfang des Jahrs 1744 erschienenen Cometen nebst einigen darüber angestellten Betrachtungen&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Описание в начале 1744 года явившейся кометы купно с некоторыми учиненными об ней рассуждениями&lt;/em&gt;) by Gottfried Heinsius.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2021-01-12T23:04:37.667" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23159" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23150" CreationDate="2021-01-13T13:16:00.800" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, the original phrase is not fully correct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;'To administer eye drops to patients' should be 'закапывать больным' with 'patients' in dative rather than accusative ('закапывать больных'). The accusative with 'закапывать' indicates whatever you use as drops (cf. 'закапывать капли'), so it would mean 'to drip patients' - or, indeed, 'to bury them', since the pres.perf.cont.(?) of 'копать'/dig and 'капать'/drip are the same.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Still, this phrasing is understandable, and close enough to existing hospital jargon for the joke to be funny.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, one way to rephrase would be to make it grammatically correct, changing accusative to dative: 'Всем больным закапывать в семь утра' -but of course there are a ton of other ways to say this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4605" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2021-01-13T16:52:06.940" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T16:52:06.940" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23161" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23162" CreationDate="2021-01-13T22:24:32.810" Score="1" ViewCount="203" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда Дубровский убил медведя, Троекуров не обиделся, а только&#xA;приказал снять с него шкуру.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a quote from a student's work. Is this a grammatically correct Russian sentence? (Personally I doubt a lot, but it theoretically may be. My high doubts are the reason why I decided to ask this question.) If the phrase is wrong and you can't use it, then how would you correct it? I really do not want to use the word &amp;quot;медведя&amp;quot; twice (at school, we were punished for tautology, i.e. word repetition).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastActivityDate="2021-01-14T08:56:02.467" Title="Is the sentence about Dubrovsky and the bear grammatically correct?" Tags="&lt;фраза&gt;&lt;местоимения&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23162" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23161" CreationDate="2021-01-13T23:06:54.503" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;A sentence being grammatically correct is not the only requirement we have to being able to label sentence as stylistically flawless or even just non-ambiguous.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a grammatically correct sentence. In theory there is disambiguation, practically the majority of us knows for sure - usually it's killed bears we are skinning off, not Russian noblemen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, any attentive editor would've tried to improve such sentence, but even repeating the same word twice is actually acceptable, so this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда Дубровский убил медведя, Троекуров не обиделся, а только&#xA;приказал снять с медведя шкуру.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;is totally fine - text editing is not always a &amp;quot;never-repeat-same-word-in-one-sentence&amp;quot; game, however picky editor would also attempt to do something like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда Дубровский убил медведя, Троекуров не обиделся, а только&#xA;приказал снять с несчастного животного шкуру.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possibilities are quite limitless, as of stylistic value of any such changes (including abovementioned) - this is too broad and just cannot have a single answer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-01-13T23:13:10.033" LastActivityDate="2021-01-13T23:13:10.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23163" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23161" CreationDate="2021-01-14T08:56:02.467" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Когда Дубровский убил медведя, Троекуров не обиделся, а только приказал снять с него шкуру.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the semantics, grammar and stylistics of Russian speech.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;The nature of the study work is determined at first glance, but at first everything seems quite acceptable: there is no repetition of words, the semantics are clear, and stylistic incorrectness can be excused. &lt;strong&gt;But then I don't like everything.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is the style correct?&lt;/strong&gt; It would seem clear to us that the skin will be removed from the bear, and not from the teacher. But even the possibility of misunderstanding irritates our aesthetic sense and can even serve as a topic for jokes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is the grammar correct?&lt;/strong&gt; The union connection &amp;quot;a только&amp;quot; implies a comparison, and here the two actions are compared poorly. Not angry, why? What feelings the act aroused in him. Formally, there are no questions to the sentence, but the grammatical meaning of a complex sentence is the semantic relations between its parts. Therefore, there are also questions about the correct use of the union.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Is the semantics correct?&lt;/strong&gt; This should be judged by the context, but even here it is already clear that the author does not disclose the content of the episode correctly. Troyekurov's reaction to Dubrovsky's act cannot be determined in relation to the bearskin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edit options&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first (formal version):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда Дубровский &lt;strong&gt;застрелил медведя&lt;/strong&gt;, Троекуров не обиделся, а только приказал снять с &lt;strong&gt;убитого зверя&lt;/strong&gt; шкуру.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second option:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Когда Дубровский застрелил медведя, Троекуров выслушал его объяснения, но ничего ему не ответил,  &lt;strong&gt;а только&lt;/strong&gt; приказал своим людям снять шкуру с убитого зверя.  Но позже он высказал  свое мнение о французе: «Каков молодец! не струсил, ей-богу, не струсил».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Перевод: When Dubrovsky shot the bear, Troyekurov listened to his explanation, but did not answer him, but only ordered his men to remove the skin from the dead animal. But later he expressed his opinion about the Frenchman: &amp;quot;What a good fellow! I'm not afraid, by God, I'm not afraid.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11535" LastActivityDate="2021-01-14T08:56:02.467" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23164" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-14T16:27:50.997" Score="6" ViewCount="267" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если пишется &amp;quot;ёж&amp;quot; и &amp;quot;ёлка&amp;quot;, то почему &amp;quot;Йорк&amp;quot;, а не &amp;quot;Ёрк&amp;quot;? И наоборот.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15380" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2021-01-14T16:49:06.307" LastActivityDate="2021-01-14T21:09:43.863" Title="Почему Йорк а не Ёрк?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23165" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23164" CreationDate="2021-01-14T17:02:07.550" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because Russian transliterations are not consistent.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The letter &lt;em&gt;ё&lt;/em&gt; didn't make it into Russian before late XVIII century. Church Slavonic language didn't use the sound cluster this letter denotes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When it came to use, the letter &lt;em&gt;ё&lt;/em&gt; had replaced the etymological &lt;em&gt;е&lt;/em&gt; in native Russian words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English names in &lt;em&gt;yo, ye&lt;/em&gt; etc. (and names borrowed through English, especially Japanese ones) were traditionally written using &lt;em&gt;iо, iе&lt;/em&gt; in Russian: &lt;em&gt;Iоркъ, Нью-Iоркъ, Iорикъ; Iокогама, Iеддо, iенъ&lt;/em&gt; etc, although &lt;em&gt;йо&lt;/em&gt; was used occasionally as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;After the orthography reform of 1918, the English names changed the first letter to &lt;em&gt;й&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Йорк, Йорик&lt;/em&gt;) while the traditional Japanese ones retained the now uniform &lt;em&gt;и&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;иена, Иокогама&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The most widely accepted Japanese to Russian transliteration system calls for using &lt;em&gt;ё&lt;/em&gt; to denote the respective Japanese sound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, the spelling of the words already rooted in Russian is grandfathered.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2021-01-14T21:09:43.863" LastActivityDate="2021-01-14T21:09:43.863" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23172" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23148" CreationDate="2021-01-17T19:23:27.853" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Такого слова нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если мне нужно соединить &amp;quot;глаз&amp;quot; и &amp;quot;ино&amp;quot;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Зачем? Если это нужно например для worldbuilding — тогда берите, то которое больше нравится. Все равно такого слова нет.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15398" LastActivityDate="2021-01-17T19:23:27.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23173" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-18T23:12:43.463" Score="1" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как бы вы перевели второе предложение?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's cute, but make sure you practice before next time. If there's a next time, that is.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как вариант, я попробовала:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Убедись, что позанимаешься. По крайней мере, до следующего раза.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Насколько он грамотный/правильный? Можете предложить еще какие-то варианты?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15400" LastActivityDate="2021-01-18T23:12:43.463" Title="Как перевести &quot;next time, that is&quot; на русский?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;значения&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="14" ClosedDate="2021-01-18T23:18:19.447" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23175" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23176" CreationDate="2021-01-23T12:27:47.473" Score="1" ViewCount="122" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правила, конечно, почитывал.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;в винительном падеже перед словами, начинающимися согласными (кроме&#xA;форм местоименных слов все, всю, все, всех, что), употребляются&#xA;предлоги «о» и «об»: ударился о камень и об камень&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ekburg.ru/news/18/65341-kak-pravilno-upotreblyat-predlogi-o--ob-i-obo/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www.ekburg.ru/news/18/65341-kak-pravilno-upotreblyat-predlogi-o--ob-i-obo/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Слово «борт» начинается с Б, а это согласная буква. Но почему-то не думаю, что поэт когда-либо напишет: &amp;quot;Волны бились об борт корабля&amp;quot;. Или всё-таки это допустимый вариант, кто знает?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastActivityDate="2021-01-25T14:55:35.840" Title="Почему в винительном падеже только &quot;о борт&quot;, но не &quot;об борт&quot;?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23176" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23175" CreationDate="2021-01-23T12:47:58.557" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Оба варианта допустимы (как минимум) в разговорной речи, а уж тем более в стихотворении, русскоязычные поэты часто идут и на большие &amp;quot;грехи&amp;quot; ради метрики. Аналогично тому, как в английском, когда можно сказать &amp;quot;an&amp;quot; многие говорят просто &amp;quot;а&amp;quot;, со многими словами по факту говорят &amp;quot;о&amp;quot;, ну например &amp;quot;он облокотился о барную стойку&amp;quot; или &amp;quot;об&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2021-01-25T14:55:35.840" LastActivityDate="2021-01-25T14:55:35.840" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23177" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-24T21:21:08.407" Score="1" ViewCount="43" Body="&lt;p&gt;In a English translation of a Russian engineering paper (on flywheels) I find the phrase 'covered threads' used to describe the construction. Should I use common-sense to re-interpret this as a 'composite material' ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Example :&#xA;'...where Eth is Young’s modulus of covered threads material of housing...',&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect 'Covered threads' is a literal translation from Russian. In English-language engineering, 'Composite material' would be the normal form in this context (Composite materials are carbon-fibres or glass-fibre mats laid in a resin bed to form a solid material`).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The paper in question is:-&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.m-hikari.com/ams/ams-2014/ams-161-164-2014/galimovAMS161-164-2014.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://www.m-hikari.com/ams/ams-2014/ams-161-164-2014/galimovAMS161-164-2014.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have tried Google translate both ways and back; also 'covered threads' is too unspecific for useful Google search.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15412" LastActivityDate="2021-01-24T21:21:08.407" Title="In engineering, should I assume that '...covered threads material...' refers to a 'composite material'?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="6" ClosedDate="2021-01-24T21:44:40.683" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23178" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23188" CreationDate="2021-01-25T17:11:20.077" Score="6" ViewCount="177" Body="&lt;p&gt;Sorry to ask this question in English but my Russian isn't good enough yet to write about grammar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Please consider the following sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нужн&lt;strong&gt;а&lt;/strong&gt; еда.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нужн&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; больше еды.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't understand why in the first sentence &lt;em&gt;нужна&lt;/em&gt; (which I assume is the feminine short form of the adjective &lt;em&gt;нужный&lt;/em&gt;) agrees in gender with &lt;em&gt;еда&lt;/em&gt; whereas it doesn't in the second sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know whether &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt; in this case is the neuter short form of &lt;em&gt;нужный&lt;/em&gt;, or the invariable predicative adverb &lt;em&gt;нужно&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would greatly appreciate it if someone could explain to me the reasons behind that difference. Thank you in advance for your time!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15414" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-02-03T08:35:09.090" LastActivityDate="2021-02-03T08:35:09.090" Title="Мне нужна еда // Мне нужно больше еды" Tags="&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;наречия&gt;&lt;согласование&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23180" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23178" CreationDate="2021-01-25T18:08:29.717" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The subject of the first sentence is &lt;strong&gt;еда&lt;/strong&gt; which is feminine so the predicate agrees with the subject in the feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The subject of the second sentence is &lt;strong&gt;больше еды&lt;/strong&gt;. Adverbs such as &lt;strong&gt;много, мало&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;strong&gt;больше&lt;/strong&gt; is the comparative of &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt;) don't really have a gender of their own and when the need arises the predicate often takes the neuter form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't know if &amp;quot;нужно&amp;quot; in this case is the neuter short form of &amp;quot;нужный&amp;quot;, or the invariable predicative adverb &amp;quot;нужно&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I sometimes wonder about the same thing. The more I think of it, I come to the conclusion, does it really matter? The end result is the same. :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An even more peculiar question is what &lt;em&gt;number&lt;/em&gt; to use when &lt;strong&gt;много&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;мало&lt;/strong&gt; denote a collection:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Много студентов пришл&lt;strong&gt;о&lt;/strong&gt; на лекцию.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Немного студентов решил&lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; задачу.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A few related links:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://metodika-rki.livejournal.com/230607.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://metodika-rki.livejournal.com/230607.html&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/64-bolshinstvo&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://new.gramota.ru/spravka/letters/64-bolshinstvo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2021-01-25T18:08:29.717" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23181" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-25T22:21:21.703" Score="1" ViewCount="362" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a little bit confused about the idea of driving short distances taking ходить (as in, I’m going to the coffee shop) and what amount of distance is needed before it becomes ездить. For example, how would you say that you are going/driving to the bus stop on the way to catch a train?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15150" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-01-25T22:31:22.223" LastActivityDate="2021-02-17T21:28:11.220" Title="Verbs of motion - how to define local distances?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23182" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23181" CreationDate="2021-01-25T22:31:09.967" Score="13" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, it's quite straight-forward, &amp;quot;ездить&amp;quot; is always about going by car, by public transport etc. - in other words, it's never about walking. When one is saying &amp;quot;я езжу в это кафе часто&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;она ездит на остановку электрички&amp;quot; - it's never about going by foot, otherwise it would have been just &amp;quot;ходить&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &amp;quot;ходить&amp;quot; in phrases like &amp;quot;я хожу в это кафе уже лет пять&amp;quot; is not necessarily about walking but rather just visiting.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, don't expect to get an answer like &amp;quot;if it's about 700 meters or less, it's ходить, otherwise it's ездить&amp;quot; - it's not about that at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2021-01-25T22:31:09.967" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23184" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23187" CreationDate="2021-01-26T17:33:35.967" Score="2" ViewCount="185" Body="&lt;p&gt;Буквосочетание из трёх букв, то есть три буквы, идущие подряд в каком-либо слове. Возможно ли такое, что где-то оно передаёт всего лишь один звук? Другими словами, один определённый звук обозначается тремя буквами.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если такое бывает, то нельзя ли привести два-три примера таких слов?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если же нет, то как, допустим, это доказать, убедить упрямого оппонента в том, что такое явление невозможно?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastActivityDate="2021-01-27T17:21:25.817" Title="Может ли в русском языке сочетание трёх букв обозначать один звук?" Tags="&lt;буква&gt;&lt;звук&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23185" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23184" CreationDate="2021-01-26T18:05:57.553" Score="1" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Возможно ли такое, что где-то оно передаёт всего лишь один звук?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not sure what counts as one sound.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could say that the consonant cluster in the word &lt;em&gt;килограмм-метр&lt;/em&gt; is a long nasal consonant sound. But in Russian, as well as most other languages, long nasals consonants are usually analyzed as two phonemes. &lt;em&gt;Тонна&lt;/em&gt; would be &lt;em&gt;[tonnə]&lt;/em&gt;, not &lt;em&gt;*[ton:ə]&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In words with long vowel clusters, like &lt;em&gt;длинношеее&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;зоообъединение&lt;/em&gt;, there's either &lt;em&gt;[j]&lt;/em&gt; or hiatus between the vowels. Also, in all of them vowel reduction kicks in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In abbreviations like &lt;em&gt;ОООП&lt;/em&gt;, there are no reduced vowels, still there is stress and secondary stress. And it's still three phonemes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, three letters could never denote one phoneme, if that's what your question is about.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2021-01-26T18:05:57.553" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23187" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23184" CreationDate="2021-01-26T19:10:10.137" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, my initial intention was to close this question exactly for the reasons mentioned by @Quassnoi - it looks like you are confusing following concepts - &amp;quot;звук&amp;quot; (a sound) and  &amp;quot;фонема&amp;quot; (a phoneme). In phonology &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;phoneme&lt;/a&gt; is a unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another in a particular language. There's some argument about this, however usually in order treat something as a phoneme you need to have a pair of words differing in this phoneme (one has it, one does not, like &amp;quot;дом&amp;quot; / &amp;quot;том&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of such three letter phonemes in Russian. Russian alphabet is quite phonetic, apart from palatalized consonants, all most frequent phonemes are expressed with a single letter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We, just for fun, can examine following beasts: palatalized geminates, that is, softened doubled consonants. We do have some geminates in Russian, compare &amp;quot;коса&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;касса&amp;quot;. Finding palatalized one (especially spelled with three letters, otherwise one can use dialectal &amp;quot;дрожжи&amp;quot; as an example) is a bit tricky, grepping a dictionary will help you to find some extremely exotic words like каттьерит (a metal), гюиссье (a historic term for special kind of guard), шоконнь (a dance) however with &amp;quot;л&amp;quot; you'd be lucky enough to find a a couple of more frequently used words, like &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;балльность&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;тролль&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's not a phoneme in Russian by any stretch of imagination, moreover, unlike the geminated &amp;quot;с&amp;quot; geminated l is quite exotic for a Russian native speaker. I &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; imagine and I &lt;strong&gt;can&lt;/strong&gt; pronounce &amp;quot;тролль&amp;quot; myself with a long soft consonant however it would be really untypical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But palatalized geminates is the closest I can think of.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD:&lt;/strong&gt; today I woke up and realized that there's even a ль/лль pair in Russian - &amp;quot;коли&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;колли&amp;quot; )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-01-27T17:21:25.817" LastActivityDate="2021-01-27T17:21:25.817" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23188" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23178" CreationDate="2021-01-27T06:20:06.903" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As Sergey Slepov in his answer correctly noted, the subject of the first sentence is &lt;strong&gt;еда&lt;/strong&gt; which is feminine so the predicate &lt;strong&gt;нужна&lt;/strong&gt; agrees with the subject in the feminine. The things are quite different in the second sentence which is &lt;em&gt;impersonal&lt;/em&gt;. The predicate of the 2nd sentence is &lt;strong&gt;нужно&lt;/strong&gt; which means “[it is] needed”, the subject is implicit, &lt;strong&gt;мне&lt;/strong&gt; is the Dative indirect object (“for whom?”), &lt;strong&gt;больше еды&lt;/strong&gt; is another object where &lt;strong&gt;еды&lt;/strong&gt; is in Genitive as it always is the case after &lt;strong&gt;больше&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason why &lt;strong&gt;нужно&lt;/strong&gt; is in the Neuter gender is because it (as agreeable predicates always do) agrees in gender with the subject which is &lt;strong&gt;оно&lt;/strong&gt; despite the fact that the subject is omitted. There are tons of similar constructions in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Плохо, когда холодно. — It's bad when it's cold.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне весело, если вокруг всем хорошо. — I'm happy if everyone around is alright.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In languages with cases, like Russian or Latin, first you've got to find the predicate of the sentence. Then you look for the Nominative subject (it can well be implicit, omitted in Russian, then you assume the subject is *&lt;em&gt;оно&lt;/em&gt; ‘it’). Then look for objects, the direct object is in the Accusative case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Больше еды&lt;/strong&gt; cannot be the subject of the 2nd sentence, since it is in the Genitive case (Partitive Genitive, to be more specific), consider substituting it with another noun phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нужно денег.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нужно воды.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мне нужно дружеского взаимопонимания.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2021-01-27T08:10:16.043" LastActivityDate="2021-01-27T08:10:16.043" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23189" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-27T10:33:38.730" Score="1" ViewCount="61" Body="&lt;p&gt;I have tried deepl.com, translate.google.com, translate.bing.com, translate.yandex.com, context.reverso.net&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;what is the translation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;нᴇᴄʍᴏᴛᴩя нᴀ ʙᴄᴇ ʍᴏи уᴄиᴧия, ᴇᴄᴛь ᴧюди, ᴋᴏᴛᴏᴩыʍ я нᴩᴀʙᴧюᴄь.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15418" LastActivityDate="2021-01-27T10:33:38.730" Title="cant find the translation" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2021-01-27T14:48:32.910" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23190" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23184" CreationDate="2021-01-27T11:15:40.543" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you insist on asking about the sounds, rather than Russian phonemes, then one argue that onomatopoeias (звукоподражания) such as «вжжик», «мяу», «тпрру», and so on, each stand for a single sound that we all know and recognize, rather than for a sequence of phonemes that only arise when we try to spell them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4833" LastActivityDate="2021-01-27T11:15:40.543" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23191" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-27T12:10:49.973" Score="1" ViewCount="154" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Свет&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;свеча&amp;quot; are the same part of speech, they have the same lexical root, and they haven't got any other word parts, only the root and the ending.&#xA;But &amp;quot;свеча&amp;quot; doesn't look like a form of &amp;quot;свет&amp;quot;.&#xA;Are they really forms of the same word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15192" LastActivityDate="2021-01-31T12:44:12.260" Title="Are &quot;свет&quot; and &quot;свеча&quot; forms of the same word?" Tags="&lt;существительные&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23192" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23191" CreationDate="2021-01-27T13:08:01.797" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are two distinct words. However, etymologically they are related:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Old East Slavic свѣча (svěča, “candle”), from Proto-Slavic *svěťa (“candle”), from *světъ (“light”) + *-ja.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0#Etymology&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0#Etymology&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2021-01-31T12:44:12.260" LastActivityDate="2021-01-31T12:44:12.260" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23193" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23196" CreationDate="2021-01-27T13:14:09.583" Score="1" ViewCount="106" Body="&lt;p&gt;Вот ссылка: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%8C&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Есть такое село в Молдавии.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;С другой стороны, вот правила употребления мягкого знака после шипящих:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§ 75. После шипящих (ж, ч, ш, щ) буква ь пишется только в следующих&#xA;случаях:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;На конце существительных женского рода в им. и вин. пад. ед. ч., например: рожь, ночь, мышь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;В окончании 2-го лица ед. ч. настоящего и будущего времени глагола после конечного ш, например: несёшь – несёшься, носишь – носишься,&#xA;примешь – примешься.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;На конце глагола в ед. ч. повелительного наклонения, причем буква ь сохраняется и перед -ся, например: мажь – мажься; спрячь – спрячься;&#xA;ешь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Во множ. ч. повелительного наклонения перед -те, -тесь, например: мажьте – мажьтесь; спрячьте – спрячьтесь; ешьте.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;На конце глагола в неопределённой форме, причем буква ь пишется и перед -ся, например: стричь, стричься.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Во всех наречиях после конечных ш и ч, например: сплошь, вскачь, прочь, а также в наречии настежь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;На конце частиц: вишь, бишь, лишь, ишь.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://n-t.ru/ac/56/ob01.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://n-t.ru/ac/56/ob01.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос: почему название села Бубуечь пишется с мягкий знаком? Я не верю, что это имя существительное третьего склонения. Гордимся нашей Бубуечью? Между Кишинёвом и Бубуечью? Я сам живу в Молдавии (Молдове, если хотите). Ни разу не слышал, чтобы так говорили. Так что я уверен, что это не существительное третьего склонения.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastActivityDate="2021-01-27T15:07:24.550" Title="Почему пишется мягкий знак в названии молдавского села Бубуечь?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23194" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23191" CreationDate="2021-01-27T13:29:31.033" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;No, they're not. &lt;em&gt;Свет&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;light&amp;quot; and &lt;em&gt;свеча&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;candle&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Etymologically, &lt;em&gt;свеча&lt;/em&gt; comes from Proto-Slavic &lt;em&gt;*světja&lt;/em&gt;, where &lt;em&gt;j&lt;/em&gt; was the instrumental suffix (a suffix which forms the tool names, like &amp;quot;-er&amp;quot; in English &amp;quot;lighter&amp;quot;). It was &amp;quot;something you make light with&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Due to palatalization, this suffix has since changed its form and merged with the root, and is not perceived as a separate morpheme anymore. But it was there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2021-01-27T13:29:31.033" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23195" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23193" CreationDate="2021-01-27T13:44:05.230" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Вопрос: почему название села Бубуечь пишется с мягкий знаком?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because whoever was making the decision on the gender of this name in Russian, wanted it to be feminine.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It they wanted it to be masculine, they would have dropped the &lt;em&gt;ь&lt;/em&gt; at the end, like they did with &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Текуч&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Новач&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't speak Moldovan and I'm not familiar with the actual usage of this word in Russian-speaking community, so I can't judge if that's a good decision or a bad decision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2021-01-27T13:44:05.230" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23196" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23193" CreationDate="2021-01-27T15:07:24.550" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Правописание названий не имеет никакого отношения к склонениям в русском языке.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Русские варианты названий молдавских топонимов формировались в соответствии с правилами транслитерации: они отражают русское правописание, которое наиболее похоже на исходное молдавское произношение.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В частности, безударное &lt;em&gt;ci&lt;/em&gt; на конце слов транслитерируется в &lt;em&gt;чь&lt;/em&gt;. Потому и Бубуечь (Bubuieci).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastActivityDate="2021-01-27T15:07:24.550" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23198" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23191" CreationDate="2021-01-28T17:48:05.627" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;In modern Russian, the roots are different: &amp;quot;-свет-&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;-свеч-&amp;quot;. Even though they come from &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/%E1%B8%B1weyt-&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the same root historically&lt;/a&gt; (the English word &amp;quot;white&amp;quot; also comes from this root) does not guarantee they have the same root in modern language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2021-01-28T17:48:05.627" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23200" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-30T07:22:12.570" Score="2" ViewCount="250" Body="&lt;p&gt;When I try googling &lt;em&gt;кружка&lt;/em&gt;, I don't get anything that resembles a cup, but it's the first choice when I use Google Translate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15429" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-01-30T13:37:23.497" LastActivityDate="2021-02-15T20:10:57.183" Title="What's the difference between &quot;чашка&quot; and &quot;кружка&quot;?" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23201" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23200" CreationDate="2021-01-30T10:43:06.560" Score="9" Body="&lt;p&gt;Theoretically, &lt;em&gt;чашка&lt;/em&gt; would be an almost complete analogue to the English &lt;em&gt;cup&lt;/em&gt;, while &lt;em&gt;кружка&lt;/em&gt; is closer to a &lt;em&gt;mug&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Indeed the origin of the word &lt;em&gt;чаша&lt;/em&gt; (of which &lt;em&gt;чашка&lt;/em&gt; is a variation/descendant) is usually traced to Proto-Slavic &lt;em&gt;čаšа&lt;/em&gt; (according to Max Vasmer's etymological dictionary), which is related to Old Prussian &lt;em&gt;kiosi&lt;/em&gt;, meaning a &lt;em&gt;goblet&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;chalice&lt;/em&gt;: a cup. Even in modern Russian &lt;em&gt;чаша&lt;/em&gt; may be used to poetically refer to that kind of a vessel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The similarity of &lt;em&gt;cup&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;чашка&lt;/em&gt; can also be seen in other terms. For example, the bra cups are usually referred to as &lt;em&gt;чашечки&lt;/em&gt; (a diminutive of &lt;em&gt;чашка&lt;/em&gt;) in Russian terminology.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are a couple of irregularities, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For one, in the geometrical sense, &lt;em&gt;чаша&lt;/em&gt; is used to refer to any bowl-shaped object. For instance, when referring to a crater, English is more likely to classify it as a &lt;em&gt;bowl-shaped&lt;/em&gt; depression, where is Russian term would be &lt;em&gt;чашеобразный&lt;/em&gt; (in fact, the insides of the crater are even scientifically called &lt;em&gt;чаша кратера&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another one is a bit more practical. As @Curiosity mentioned, when talking specifically about disposable plastic/paper cups, the ones shaped like a handle-free glass, Russian uses the word &lt;em&gt;стакан&lt;/em&gt; (glass). The ones shaped like a cup with a handle would still be called a cup, however.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, &lt;em&gt;кружка&lt;/em&gt; is pretty much exclusively used for &lt;em&gt;mug&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;tankard&lt;/em&gt;, or even &lt;em&gt;stein&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With that in mind, when you are talking about modern-day drinking vessels, you can safely use &lt;em&gt;чашка&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;чашечка&lt;/em&gt; in place of a &lt;em&gt;cup&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;кружка&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;кружечка&lt;/em&gt; in place of a &lt;em&gt;mug&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That being said, pottery/woodwork/metalwork is wild, and there are obviously certain edge-cases where the difference between &lt;em&gt;cup&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;чашка&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;mug&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;кружка&lt;/em&gt; is uncertain at best, and I would hesitate to guarantee that both languages and associated cultures would classify every object the same way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T07:48:07.693" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:48:07.693" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23203" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-01-30T14:05:58.330" Score="1" ViewCount="172" Body="&lt;p&gt;What is the difference between&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;поножовщина&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;драка с ножами&amp;quot; ?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15428" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-01-30T20:21:49.073" LastActivityDate="2021-02-05T09:55:12.653" Title="&quot;Поножовщина&quot; и &quot;драка с ножами&quot;" Tags="&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23204" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23203" CreationDate="2021-01-30T14:34:07.507" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;ПОНОЖОВЩИНА — ПОНОЖОВЩИНА, поножовщины, жен. (разг.). Драка, во время которой пускаются в ход ножи. Толковый словарь Ушакова. Д.Н. Ушаков. 1935 1940 …   Толковый словарь Ушакова&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ПОНОЖОВЩИНА — ПОНОЖОВЩИНА, ы, жен. (разг.). Драка с применением ножей, холодного оружия. Дело дошло до поножовщины. Толковый словарь Ожегова. С.И. Ожегов, Н.Ю. Шведова. 1949 1992 …   Толковый словарь Ожегова&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Most dictionaries mark поножовщина as a &lt;strong&gt;colloquial&lt;/strong&gt; synonym of драка с применением ножей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6539" LastActivityDate="2021-01-30T14:34:07.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23206" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23203" CreationDate="2021-01-30T20:32:06.800" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I disagree with @V.V on this. - in my opinion there is difference, both in meaning and stylistic one. To start with, &amp;quot;драка на ножах&amp;quot; (which is a bit more correct that &amp;quot;драка с ножами&amp;quot;) implies that all sides of the conflict are using knives, while &amp;quot;поножовщина&amp;quot; is an act of violence that involves stabbing - not necessarily all people involved possessed knives, moreover, not necessarily that all were aggressive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Check out this (sad, alas) excerpt from real news:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В ходе ссоры женщина схватила кухонный нож и ударила им в ногу брата.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is definitely &amp;quot;поножовщина&amp;quot; (actually, &lt;a href=&quot;https://nord-news.ru/news/2021/01/29/?newsid=129465&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the title&lt;/a&gt; for this article is &amp;quot;Ссора между братом и сестрой в Мурманске закончилась поножовщиной&amp;quot;) but it's by no means a &amp;quot;драка на ножах&amp;quot; (or &amp;quot;c ножами&amp;quot;, whatever).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-01-30T20:46:44.347" LastActivityDate="2021-01-30T20:46:44.347" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23207" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23209" CreationDate="2021-02-02T00:24:12.147" Score="2" ViewCount="127" Body="&lt;p&gt;I used a machine translator (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.deepl.com/en/translator#en/ru/If%20I%20have%20breakfast%2C%20I%20usually%20have%20it%20before%20noon.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DeepL&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, specifically) to translate the following sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If I have breakfast, I usually have it before noon.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It gave me:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Если я завтракаю, то обычно я завтракаю до полудня.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What part of speech does the &lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt; represent in that sentence and what is the purpose of it?  If I were to use the following instead:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если я завтракаю, обычно я завтракаю до полудня.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would that still be considered good Russian?  Does the presence of &lt;strong&gt;то&lt;/strong&gt; alter the meaning of the sentence in any way?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have done a little research on this, but not much.  In the process, I did come across this discussion thread:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D1%82%D0%BE.2988007/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;если,... то...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but it still leaves some questions for me such as&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What part of speech is it in such constructions?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Would my sentence still be correct without it?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How does the presence of &amp;quot;то&amp;quot; alter the&#xA;meaning?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;According a Senior Member of WordReference from Saint Petersburg (taken from the previously mentioned discussion thread):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Generally speaking, то stresses the logical connection between the two parts of the sentence, so the longer and more complex the sentence, the better it will look with this particle. It also disambiguates such cases ...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I guess I fail to see how&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;If I have breakfast, I usually have it before noon.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;needs a logical connection or disambiguation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastEditorUserId="8742" LastEditDate="2021-02-02T05:29:58.827" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:50:46.223" Title="What is the purpose of &quot;то&quot; in a &quot;Если ..., то&quot; construction?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;particles&gt;&lt;complex-sentence&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23208" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23207" CreationDate="2021-02-02T01:24:37.440" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's an adverb. &amp;quot;Если - то&amp;quot; is just like &amp;quot;If - then&amp;quot;. You may drop &amp;quot;то&amp;quot;, but the phase would lose some of its completeness.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9256" LastActivityDate="2021-02-02T01:24:37.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23209" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23207" CreationDate="2021-02-02T03:01:30.977" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;What part of speech is it in such constructions?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Если... то&lt;/em&gt; is classified in Russian as &amp;quot;двойной союз&amp;quot; (literally &amp;quot;double conjunction&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;two-part conjunction&amp;quot;), though some often call it a &amp;quot;составной союз&amp;quot; (compound conjunction), though it is debatable whether or not it is or should be counted as such.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English terminology, it would be a correlative, being an almost complete semantic double of &lt;em&gt;if—then&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;How does the presence of &amp;quot;то&amp;quot; alter the meaning?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The difference with simple conjunction &lt;em&gt;если&lt;/em&gt; is subtle, but it does exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Если A, B.&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;B, если A.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here we deal with a conditional phrase: the dependent clause A acts as a condition for the independent clause B.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Если A, то B.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here we either have a cause-and-effect relation or a condition-and-effect relation. Those are two different types of relations (cause produces the effect, while condition facilitates it). By adding that &lt;em&gt;то&lt;/em&gt;, we transform a simple condition into a logically stronger relation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As the quote you supplied mentions, if you have a particularly long sentence, you might want to use &lt;em&gt;то&lt;/em&gt; in order to make the connection between the two clauses clearer, more pronounced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Would my sentence still be correct without it?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could you drop &lt;em&gt;то&lt;/em&gt; in your example? Yes and no.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Yes, because it would work perfectly fine and convey the meaning pretty much exactly as it was in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No, because the way the algorithm translated the rest of your sentence will sound a bit weird without a stronger, more pronounced sentence structure &lt;em&gt;то&lt;/em&gt; facilitates.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am specifically referring to the fact that, for some reason, DeepL decided to do away with the pronoun you had and replaced it with the repeat of its antecedent. My guess is—it couldn't handle the existence of a single-word verb in place of &lt;em&gt;to have breakfast&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Basically, your sentence translated to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;If I &lt;strong&gt;have breakfast&lt;/strong&gt;, then I usually &lt;strong&gt;have breakfast&lt;/strong&gt; before noon.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And if you drop &lt;em&gt;то&lt;/em&gt; it will sound a bit off in English and (personally) more so in Russian:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;If I &lt;strong&gt;have breakfast&lt;/strong&gt;, I usually &lt;strong&gt;have breakfast&lt;/strong&gt; before noon.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the actual translation you would probably want is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Если я завтракаю, я обычно делаю это до полудня.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here I replaced the repeat of &lt;em&gt;завтракать&lt;/em&gt; with a verb-pronoun combination &lt;em&gt;делать это&lt;/em&gt;, which roughly correlates here with &lt;em&gt;to do so&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;P.S. I wish to mention something that bothers me about both your English version and its translation: I desperately want it to be &lt;em&gt;If I &lt;strong&gt;do&lt;/strong&gt; have breakfast, I have it before noon,&lt;/em&gt; translating to &lt;em&gt;Если я &lt;strong&gt;вообще&lt;/strong&gt; завтракаю, я делаю это до полудня.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T07:50:46.223" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T07:50:46.223" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23212" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23216" CreationDate="2021-02-03T10:48:33.710" Score="0" ViewCount="175" Body="&lt;p&gt;If I write a message to a person second time and want to address him by &amp;quot;Здравствуйте вновь!&amp;quot;, do I need to put a comma between those two words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have looked through many dictionaries, but no dictionary addresses this particular question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen many times in Russian writing that there would be a comma right after such words like &amp;quot;привет&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;здравствуйте&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;добрый день&amp;quot;, etc. For example, &amp;quot;Привет, дорогие друзья!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastEditorUserId="170" LastEditDate="2021-02-04T00:22:02.397" LastActivityDate="2021-02-21T11:24:25.460" Title="Do I need a comma in &quot;Здравствуйте вновь!&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23213" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23214" CreationDate="2021-02-03T19:16:08.430" Score="0" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am a newbie at Russian. To the best of my knowledge, есть is used in questions when possession is being questioned. I was given the following sentences and their translations:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have you the good sugar? -&amp;gt; у вас ли хороший сахар?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have you the cheese? -&amp;gt; у вас ли сыр?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So far, so good. But why do the following sentences have есть in them. They don't look(to me) that much different from the above:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have you good coffee? -&amp;gt; Есть ли у вас хороший кофе?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Have you a new lantern? -&amp;gt; Есть ли у вас новый фонарь?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What am I not seeing that makes all the difference in the latter sentences?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15455" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-02-03T22:56:48.197" LastActivityDate="2021-02-04T10:42:04.977" Title="Difference between questions like &quot;у вас ли сыр?&quot; and &quot;есть ли у вас сыр?&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23214" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23213" CreationDate="2021-02-03T21:33:21.937" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference is in emphasis:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У вас ли сыр? - Is the cheese with you?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Есть ли у вас сыр? - Have you got any cheese?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ли&lt;/strong&gt; usually follows the word being questioned:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(1) questions the location of the cheese (with you or somewhere else?)&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;(2) questions the existence of any cheese with you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One could also ask:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сыр ли у вас? - Is it cheese that you have?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;У вас ли&lt;/strong&gt; is usually preceded by &lt;strong&gt;не&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не у вас ли наша собака?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не у тебя ли моя ручка?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Keep in mind that &lt;strong&gt;ли&lt;/strong&gt; is rather bookish. In a conversation, you would rather say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сыр у вас?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;У вас есть сыр?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Это у вас сыр?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2021-02-03T22:09:02.237" LastActivityDate="2021-02-03T22:09:02.237" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23215" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23213" CreationDate="2021-02-03T21:39:14.120" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I only want to add to (correct and complete) Sergey's answer that questions like &amp;quot;не у вас ли моя ручка&amp;quot; oftentimes imply that the person asking actually already knows that the answer would be yes, like in:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты хочешь одолжить у меня чайник? А не у тебя ли мой пылесос, Пётр Николаевич?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2021-02-03T21:39:14.120" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23216" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23212" CreationDate="2021-02-04T01:41:14.763" Score="3" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I have seen many times in Russian writing that there would be a comma right after such words like &amp;quot;привет&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;здравствуйте&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;добрый день&amp;quot;, etc. For example, &amp;quot;Привет, дорогие друзья!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this example, the phrase that comes after the greeting is an address (&lt;em&gt;обращение&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The addresses are usually isolated by commas in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rosenthal et al., 101:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Обращения вместе со всеми относящимися к ним словами выделяются (в середине предложения) или отделяются (в начале или в конце предложения) запятыми, например: &lt;em&gt;Дорогие гости, милости просим за стол (Пушкин); Опустись, занавеска линялая, на больные&#xA;герани мои (Блок); Неужели вы его боитесь, Сергей Ильич? (Гранин)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I write a message to a person second time and want to address him by &amp;quot;Здравствуйте вновь!&amp;quot;, do I need to put a comma between those two words?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this example &lt;em&gt;вновь&lt;/em&gt; is not a an address and this rule does not apply.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2021-02-04T10:36:40.697" LastActivityDate="2021-02-04T10:36:40.697" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23217" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23213" CreationDate="2021-02-04T10:42:04.977" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;У вас ли сыр? - you are asking about certain piece of cheese that you are searching. You know it is at somebody's but not sure at whom.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2021-02-04T10:42:04.977" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23220" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23203" CreationDate="2021-02-04T22:08:42.403" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, I'd argue that in modern Russian the word 'поножовщина' usually implies that there is more than one person involved and is often used in news and other official reports, literature and that kind of stuff, than in everyday Russian.&#xA;For example 'Драка в местном баре закончилась поножовщиной, три человека ранены' (a brawl in a local pub ended in stabbing with 3 people wounded'.&#xA;Драка с ножами is less formal and implies that knives weren't necessarily being used, it is more like 'a fight where some people having knives' (and possibly not using them)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15461" LastActivityDate="2021-02-04T22:08:42.403" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23221" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-05T07:58:49.960" Score="1" ViewCount="88" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the nominative case, if we are counting something of size that ends with 1 (literally in Russian), then the object being counted is in the genitive singular case, e.g., &lt;code&gt;тридцать один час&lt;/code&gt;.  if we are counting something of size that ends with the digit 2, 3, or 4 (literally in Russian) then the object being counted is in the genitive singular case, e.g., &lt;code&gt;три часа&lt;/code&gt;. Otherwise the object being counted is in the genitive plural case, e.g., &lt;code&gt;одиннадцать часов&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;пятьдесят пять часов&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I want to know the history of this rule. Why there's a demarcation between 4 and 5? How does the rule of casing been slowly formed in the long history of Russian Language? It would be greatly appreciated if someone could tell me about it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15212" LastEditorUserId="15212" LastEditDate="2021-02-05T10:07:37.353" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T08:37:01.983" Title="The history of which case to follow after a number in the nominative case" Tags="&lt;падежи&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23222" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23203" CreationDate="2021-02-05T09:55:12.653" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;First, let's be correct: there is no &amp;quot;драка с ножами&amp;quot; but &amp;quot;драка на ножах&amp;quot;. Despite every native speaker will understand the meaning you want to say in both examples, the second one is more &amp;quot;true&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Second, &amp;quot;драка на ножах&amp;quot; sounds like both sides (or many people) agreed in advance for a fight using knifes. Do you want to say this is a real situation which can happen in our world?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Commonly, when people use knifes in a fight it leeds to death(s) or severe injures.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a very hypothetical situation when more then 2 humans agreed to fight using deadly weapon.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So I want to say that &amp;quot;драка на ножах&amp;quot; is never used in &amp;quot;common life&amp;quot;, if I can say so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;More real situation is then two persons who are knife masters a fighting each other using dummy (муляж), because a knife battle mastery is existing discipline but nobody dies there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So this can be called &amp;quot;knife duel&amp;quot; (дуэль на ножах). And commonly this is a professional competition because old times when people agreed for a deadly dual are gone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So first results. &amp;quot;Драка на ножах&amp;quot; can be used when more then 2 people agreed for a fight and are using knifes. Most probably there are only two men, so it's a duel and knifes probably are not real.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Word &amp;quot;драка&amp;quot; are used for a &amp;quot;not official&amp;quot; collisions. &amp;quot;Драка&amp;quot; is then boys from one yard are fighting with boys from another yard. &amp;quot;Драка&amp;quot; can be called drunk fight outside the bar. In other words when somebody want to &amp;quot;win&amp;quot; (deflecting his interests) using brute force. Unfortunatly such things are happen not as rare as we would like.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I must say commonly &amp;quot;драка&amp;quot; is not leading to a prison term. In Russia &amp;quot;драка&amp;quot; more usual is leading to a new and strong friendship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &amp;quot;драка на ножах&amp;quot; does not fit to a thing that's called &amp;quot;драка&amp;quot; itself. &amp;quot;Драка&amp;quot; is something not so serious, so I want to say &amp;quot;драка на ножах&amp;quot; is not a termin that somebody use.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Дуэль на ножах&amp;quot; if there are two fighters or &amp;quot;сражение на ножах&amp;quot; if there are more or still two but it's something spontaneous. And it must be something beautiful, spectacular and all sides prepared.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And now let's talk about &amp;quot;поножовщина&amp;quot;. I must say this sounds like more as slang then an official termin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We use to use it when we are talking about crime actions when someone (more often drunk) suddenly used a knife with a clear intention to kill or cause grievous harm.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So let's summorize.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&amp;quot;Драка на ножах&amp;quot; can be used so rarely so I would decided not to use it at all. &amp;quot;Драка&amp;quot; is soft termin. Real knifes are leading to death. It doesn't stack with each other.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&amp;quot;Дуэль на ножах&amp;quot; is when two masters are fighting. It's absolutely safe nowadays. In old times people used to fight to death but they are gone. And I don't heared they used knifes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&amp;quot;Сражение на ножах&amp;quot; is more likely to use to discribe massive battle in a online game, there participians were only assassins (who uses knifes).&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&amp;quot;Поножовщина&amp;quot; most probably is a cruel crime when knifes were used to kill. But I asure you I don't believe somebody planning &amp;quot;поножовщина&amp;quot; today evening. It's more like spontaneous event when one ore several participations had knifes with themselfes.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If somebody during the fight (драка) suddenly pulls out a knife it's not &amp;quot;поножовщина&amp;quot; yet. Usual it's just a threating. But If he strikes and make harm - it's not &amp;quot;драка на ножах&amp;quot;, it's &amp;quot;поножовщина&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I never heard about event that could be described as &amp;quot;драка на ножах&amp;quot;. Becouse nobody sane and sober will never agree to lose his life for just a common fight. We have judgement system, so even if in old times people didn't value their lifes, today some expressions is hardly to use. &amp;quot;Драка на ножах&amp;quot; is such an example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15463" LastActivityDate="2021-02-05T09:55:12.653" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23223" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23221" CreationDate="2021-02-05T10:03:38.740" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is a contamination of the now lost dual number from back when Old Russian used to have a three-number system: singular, dual, and plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For history of Russian grammar I highly recommend &lt;em&gt;Киржаева, В. П. Историческая грамматика русского языка.&lt;/em&gt; (Киржаева В. П. Историческая грамматика русского языка //Саранск: Изд-во Мордов. ун-та. – 2010.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's the actual quote:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Иначе процесс утраты дв.числа происходит в формах Им.-Вин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если сравнивать формы дв.ч. с формами Им.мн. и Р.ед., то окажется, что  у существительных мужского рода эти формы совпадали с Р.ед. Примерно с XV века исконная форма дв.ч. существительного в сочетании дъва стола уже воспринимается как сочетание числительного с существительным в Р.ед. По аналогии с именами мужского рода такое переосмысление получают и слова женского и среднего родов в сочетании с числительными две/два, обе/оба: две руки, два поля.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Формы Р.ед. вытеснили и формы Им.-Вин.мн. при числительных 3, 4: то есть вместо ожидаемых форм 3 городи, 4 рубли — 3 города, 4 рубля.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом происходит не только утрата форм двойственного числа, но утрата самой категории двойственности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Утрата двойственного числа в живой речи происходит уже в XI веке. Однако использование всех изменяемых частей речи в двойственном числе сохраняется как норма в книжно-славянской письменности вплоть до XVII века.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here's my translation:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The loss of dual number took a different path for nominal-accusative forms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Comparing dual forms to plural nominal and singular genitive, it turns out that for masculine nouns, these forms match singular genitive. From approximately XV century, the original dual form of the noun in the phrase дъва стола (&amp;quot;two tables&amp;quot;) is already interpreted as a combination of a numeral and a singular genitive of a noun. Feminine and neuter words receive the same reinterpretation as masculine words, when used with numerals две/два (&amp;quot;two&amp;quot;), обе/оба (&amp;quot;both&amp;quot;): две руки (&amp;quot;two arms&amp;quot;), два поля (&amp;quot;two fields&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Singular genitive forms have also forced out plural nominal-accusative forms following numerals 3, 4: so instead of the expected form 3 городи (&amp;quot;three towns&amp;quot;), 4 рубли (&amp;quot;four rubles&amp;quot;) — 3 города (&amp;quot;three towns&amp;quot;), 4 рубля (&amp;quot;four rubles&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, not only the form of the dual number was lost, but the dual category itself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The loss of dual number in speech occurs in the XI century already. However, the use of all inflectable parts of speech remains a norm in written Slavonic up until the XVII century.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To put it simply: there is no rule. It is just a vestige of the way the language used to be way back when.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-03-25T08:37:01.983" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T08:37:01.983" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23225" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-05T18:59:30.743" Score="1" ViewCount="244" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why do we say &lt;code&gt;пойти в спальню&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;пойти на кухню&lt;/code&gt; why not &lt;code&gt;пойти в кухню&lt;/code&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15466" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-02-05T19:44:50.997" LastActivityDate="2021-04-23T12:06:30.677" Title="Вопрос об использовании предлогов?" Tags="&lt;предлоги&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23226" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1407" CreationDate="2021-02-06T12:06:50.470" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Wonderful question!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Firstly I must say that foul language in Russia is much richer than in English. This is connected with opportunity of constucting new words adding diffrent parts to them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In English there are examples with adding prepositions (and other words) to verbs. &amp;quot;Give up&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;give away&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;give out&amp;quot;. Or &amp;quot;put&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;put off&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;put on&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;put back&amp;quot;. I really sure you have a lot of examples in your head.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian we have a two main opportunities to make new words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;With additives. &amp;quot;Крыть&amp;quot; - to make house's roof. Or criticize someone. But &amp;quot;прикрыть&amp;quot; - is another word. It means to cover a mate (not only this meaning). &amp;quot;Закрыть&amp;quot; - close something (or someone to prison). &amp;quot;Накрыть&amp;quot; - to cover the tablecloth or to beat youth emo if you and your friends are punks and you have nothing to do. &amp;quot;Скрыть&amp;quot; - to hide something, the truth, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;With suffixes. &amp;quot;Дело&amp;quot; - a deal. &amp;quot;Дельный&amp;quot; - something useful for a deal, this is adjective now. &amp;quot;Деловой&amp;quot; - somebody who looks or trying to look like somebody who have a lot of business in his life.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;And, of course, combinations of additives amd suffixes.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The &amp;quot;problem&amp;quot; is that sometimes (not too often) new variations of words can get a special meaning that not directly related to a word that gives a root for them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I gave some examples above. Here's a one more: &amp;quot;красный&amp;quot; - red. &amp;quot;красивый&amp;quot; - beautiful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's really not so easy to remember some good examples &amp;quot;at gunpoint&amp;quot;. And I assure you that most of the Russian language works according to certain rules.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But there are a lot exeptions that came to us during evolution of the language. I'm sure there will be a bit of difficulty to explain why &amp;quot;синий&amp;quot; means blue and a drunk person at the same time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And now let's talk about your definite question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am ashamed of the russians because having so special language, having so many tools for constructing words, having so deep and old culture we have used all these potential to make SO MANY swear words that it scares me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are three &amp;quot;main&amp;quot; words that creates the whole range of swear words: &amp;quot;хуй&amp;quot; (a cock), &amp;quot;пизда&amp;quot; (a pussy) and &amp;quot;ебать&amp;quot; (to fuck). And there are few more but less important: &amp;quot;блядь&amp;quot; (a whore) and &amp;quot;пидорас&amp;quot; (a fag).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These five &amp;quot;great&amp;quot; words can be used to say LITERALLY EVERYTHING you can imagine. This is there diseased psyche of Russians don't stop to continue to generate more and more words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems we, russians, don't need other words at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And there is no exactly rules that are working here. We use all possible combinations here and the result can not be predicted.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Only &amp;quot;russian soul&amp;quot; with power of context of what've been said can understand the meaning of &amp;quot;new words&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Пи'здить&amp;quot; - to stole. &amp;quot;Пизди'ть&amp;quot; - to lie. You see, we can use even new style of stress to make new words here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Охуенно&amp;quot; - very good. &amp;quot;Хуёво&amp;quot; - bad. &amp;quot;Да похуй&amp;quot; - all OK, nothing can be said here. &amp;quot;Нихуя нового&amp;quot; - nothing new. &amp;quot;Ты ебанёшься, когда узнаешь&amp;quot; - you will gone crazy when I tell it to you. &amp;quot;Хули надо?&amp;quot; - I don't want to answer your quetions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is just a few examples for answers a question &amp;quot;Как дела?&amp;quot; (How are you).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;WE HAVE SUCH A CHOISE FOR ANY QUESTION!!! And the same words will have different meaning for different quetions. All what is important - context and speaker's emotions.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I think nobody know for sure the origins of some examples. They seemed to have always been. They seem to flow through our veins. They are our shame as a nation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No any words construction rules can explain russian foul speach. So nobody can answer your quetion.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But is it our curse?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Studies have been conducted that have proven that &amp;quot;russian strong words&amp;quot; made a great help during all wars. Generals didn't needed something special when there was need to explain the order quickly, defenite and so emotional that the soldier, on pain of death, was afraid of him to stumble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sometimes people need a tool to express emotions. &amp;quot;Да заебало меня всё!&amp;quot; - this works great. Shout it loud and you will feel relief.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I beg you - don't use it aimlessly. Idle chat, family, work - not the right place to use &amp;quot;strong words&amp;quot;. Because they are really strong. And only the one who know how to use this &amp;quot;tool&amp;quot; will make a benefit for himself. And I assure you - such a person uses it extremely rare.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;It's &amp;quot;strong&amp;quot; but &amp;quot;dirty&amp;quot; words.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Don't use it aimlessly.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They can help to express emotions.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;But it's rude and unacceptably in common life.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;They can be used to say literally everything.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;And due to (5) there are no language rules for these words' birth.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hope it was helpful. Good luck!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15463" LastEditorUserId="15463" LastEditDate="2021-02-06T12:13:41.573" LastActivityDate="2021-02-06T12:13:41.573" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23227" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-06T21:22:25.293" Score="0" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;Подскажите, необходимо ли тире во фразе: &amp;quot;Из пользователя — в создателя&amp;quot;? Заранее спасибо.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15468" LastActivityDate="2021-02-08T12:16:59.477" Title="Необходимо ли тире во фразе?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;пунктуация&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23229" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23227" CreationDate="2021-02-08T12:16:59.477" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;In an example &amp;quot;Он превратился из пользователя в создателя&amp;quot; you don't need dash at all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if it is an article title &amp;quot;Из пользователя - в создателя&amp;quot;, if this is the final meaning of the message, which has a little bit mystery and pathos, in this case the dash can be used. But it's not nessesary even here. I think it's all about pause between two parts of the sentense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not &amp;quot;professional&amp;quot; consultation but just direct answer to your question.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15463" LastActivityDate="2021-02-08T12:16:59.477" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23230" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23232" CreationDate="2021-02-10T11:43:54.947" Score="1" ViewCount="92" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если конкретно, то интересует имя Аполлинарий. Но вообще хотелось бы узнать, есть ли общий алгоритм. Согласно советским словарям, пишут и так и этак, например: Геннадий — Геннадьевич/Геннадьевна, Геннадиевич/Геннадиевна. То есть то с мягким знаком, то с буквой И. Хотелось бы разобраться, есть ли здесь нормы и законы или же, может быть, каждый волен писать по-своему.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastActivityDate="2021-02-10T15:26:30.950" Title="Как правильно образовывать отчества от мужских имён, оканчивающихся на -ий?" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;&lt;отчество&gt;&lt;выбор&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23231" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23230" CreationDate="2021-02-10T12:30:20.013" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russia, when you get the birth certificate for your baby in the registry office or in the hospital, they would give you a piece of paper and ask to write down the baby's name and patronymic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If the baby's father's name ends in &lt;em&gt;-ий&lt;/em&gt;, you can write it down both ways, using &lt;em&gt;-иевич/-иевна&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;-ьевич/-ьевна&lt;/em&gt;, and they would just copy what you had written for them.  They are happy to use whatever spelling you give them, as long as it's remotely resembling the father's name used in the birth certificate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Same holds for names like &lt;em&gt;Меланья/Мелания, Наталья/Наталия&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These days, the conventional way of spelling such names is using the soft sign (&lt;em&gt;-ьевич/-ьевна&lt;/em&gt;), except for names with consonant clusters like &lt;em&gt;Дмитриевич, Мотриевич&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using the non-conventional spelling in the birth certificate is likely to cause trouble in the future, if the name is mentioned in other documents with different spelling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Banks and other commercial institutions usually account for the discrepancies like this in their rule guides. If your patronymic is, say, &lt;em&gt;Геннадиевич&lt;/em&gt; and you are in for a money transfer addressed to a &lt;em&gt;Геннадьевич&lt;/em&gt;, or the other way around, you're likely to get the money.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Wills, court rulings and other legal stuff is harder. Same as with &lt;em&gt;е/ё&lt;/em&gt;, the discrepancies like that may and will cause problems.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2021-02-10T12:30:20.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23232" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23230" CreationDate="2021-02-10T12:35:26.743" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Грамматический словарь&amp;quot; Зализняка дает при имени &lt;strong&gt;Аполлинарий&lt;/strong&gt; помету §26 (//), что означает, что верны оба варианта, а вариант Аполлинариевич носит более официальный характер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://gramdict.ru/search/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://gramdict.ru/search/Аполлинарий&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;§ 26. Образец: &lt;strong&gt;Васи́лий&lt;/strong&gt; мо 7а, § 26. Ссылка на настоящий параграф указывает на то, что от данного имени отчества образуются по модели: &lt;strong&gt;Васи́льевич, Васи́льевна&lt;/strong&gt; (т. е. с заменой и на ь перед -евич, -евна). Многие имена имеют помету «§ 26 (//)», указывающую на то, что данная особенность у них факультативна, например: &lt;strong&gt;Арка́дий&lt;/strong&gt; мо 7а, § 26 (//). Это значит, что отчества здесь имеют вид &lt;strong&gt;Арка́дьевич&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;Арка́диевич&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;Арка́дьевна&lt;/strong&gt; и &lt;strong&gt;Арка́диевна&lt;/strong&gt;. Вариант с &lt;strong&gt;ь&lt;/strong&gt; в этих случаях носит более бытовой, вариант с &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt; — более официальный характер.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://gramdict.ru/names#para26&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://gramdict.ru/names#para26&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2021-02-10T15:26:30.950" LastActivityDate="2021-02-10T15:26:30.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23234" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-11T05:31:04.987" Score="1" ViewCount="69" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I need commas on both sides of &amp;quot;в частности&amp;quot;? For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Во всех малых городах России, &lt;strong&gt;в частности&lt;/strong&gt;, в Челябинске и Пензе,&#xA;можно обнаружить эти виды голубей.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Хотя он и слыл отличником, по некоторым предметам, &lt;strong&gt;в частности&lt;/strong&gt;, по&#xA;математике и химии, он уже начинал заметно сдавать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Революции только за редким исключением, &lt;strong&gt;в частности&lt;/strong&gt; в Европе, не&#xA;приводили к пролитию крови и потерям жизней.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Программирование, &lt;strong&gt;в частности&lt;/strong&gt; на таких языках как C++ и&#xA;AutoHotKey, быстро стало его главным занятием в свободное время.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2021-02-15T13:58:15.963" Title="Do I need commas on both sides of &quot;в частности&quot;?" Tags="&lt;пунктуация&gt;&lt;commas&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23235" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23236" CreationDate="2021-02-11T12:39:48.577" Score="2" ViewCount="156" Body="&lt;p&gt;I didn't plan it like this, but clearly, this one is just in time for Valentine's Day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because Russian doesn't have articles, I often try to find a good adjective-noun combo so that I can better remember a noun's gender.  Such was the case when I got to the word &amp;quot;love&amp;quot; on one of my word lists.  I thought that &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;true love&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; would be a good, common pairing to know, but I wasn't quite sure how to translate it, so I looked it up with &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.deepl.com/en/translator#en/ru/true%20love&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DeepL&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.  When I noticed that it gave an alternative to &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;истинная любовь&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;, I wondered which to use.  The alternative it gave was &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;настоящая любовь.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;  So, I decided to look it up in Google's Ngram Viewer and discovered that not only were their frequencies not too far off, but the frequency &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;настоящая любовь&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; surpassed the frequency of &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;истинная любовь&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; sometime between 1990 and 2000.  See for yourself:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/3NbTRAU.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I glanced at some of the books.  It looks as if they both mean &amp;quot;true love,&amp;quot; but are they truly, completely interchangeable?  Is &amp;quot;настоящая любовь&amp;quot; now a more common way to say &amp;quot;true love&amp;quot;?  If so, why?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I haven't done extensive research on this, but I did happen to notice that &amp;quot;настоящая любовь&amp;quot; is more prevalent in &lt;em&gt;Izvestia&lt;/em&gt; than &amp;quot;истинная любовь,&amp;quot; and by a lot (11:1):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/iEgJGtr.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also noticed that &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Love_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8F_Coldplay)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;according to Wikipedia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, the Coldplay song &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wpl_6jotaHA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;True Love&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot; has been translated into Russian with &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;истинная любовь&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;quot; and so has the song with the same name by Cole Porter (sung by Harry Connick, Jr. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6---dJwWIO4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;here&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&amp;amp;v=zsmUOdmm02A&amp;amp;list=FLdXbcetTRnOd2PdCOhQeFsw&amp;amp;index=4&amp;amp;t=0s&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;this one&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; by Pink.  Songs with &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;real love&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; in the title get translated as &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;настоящая любовь.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;  This then leads me to believe that the difference between &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;истинный&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;настоящий&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; is little more than the difference between &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;true&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;real&lt;/strong&gt;.&amp;quot;  Nevertheless, the Ngram above and what I found from a search of &lt;em&gt;Izvestia&lt;/em&gt; makes me think that &amp;quot;настоящий&amp;quot; may be adopting the meaning of &amp;quot;true&amp;quot; and supplanting instances of &amp;quot;истинный&amp;quot; in the process.  This is definitely not happening in English.  Check it out:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/RbaNdMc.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whatever the case may be, how would you translate the famous Shakespeare line:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The course of true love never did run smooth.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Would you use &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;истинной любви&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;настоящей любви&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;true love&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I also did a cursory search of the web using Google, but nothing really appeared to answer my question even when I expanded my search to &lt;em&gt;What's the difference between &amp;quot;истинный&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;настоящий&amp;quot;?&lt;/em&gt;  A lot of what did come up appeared to be in Russian for Russians and not necessarily for language learners.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The green check mark will be awarded on Valentine's Day if a worthy answer surfaces between now and then.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;May the best contestant win.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastActivityDate="2021-02-13T07:02:53.440" Title="What is the difference between &quot;истинная любовь&quot; and &quot;настоящая любовь&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;usage&gt;&lt;прилагательные&gt;&lt;синонимы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23236" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23235" CreationDate="2021-02-11T14:51:54.117" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;You are overthinking it. The thing is that the word &amp;quot;истинный&amp;quot; per se just became less frequently used, and the word &amp;quot;настоящий&amp;quot;, on the contrary, gradually got more popular.&#xA;&amp;quot;Истинный&amp;quot; (and its derivatives) nowadays is a bit high-style and bookish, one just won't say &amp;quot;истинно хорошие люди&amp;quot; but always &amp;quot;по-настоящему хорошие люди&amp;quot;. That said, &amp;quot;истинная любовь&amp;quot; is just something we say when we a) want to sound more bookish and/or b) want to stress out that this is really-really, like really-really true love )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ObOcZ.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/ObOcZ.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2021-02-11T16:29:14.950" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T16:29:14.950" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23237" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23235" CreationDate="2021-02-11T17:09:31.473" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;The both expressions in fact literally mean &amp;quot;real love&amp;quot;. I am not sure what exactly &amp;quot;true love&amp;quot; means, but these expressions certainly do not mean &amp;quot;faithful love&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;trustful love&amp;quot;, or &amp;quot;correct love&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;non-lying love&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The answer by Shabunc is correct: the word &amp;quot;истинный&amp;quot; sounds outdated, bookish and philosophical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2021-02-11T17:09:31.473" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23238" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20599" CreationDate="2021-02-11T19:26:19.930" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Just a French-Latin borrowing, I guess.&#xA;You could seen words such as фанфарон, барон, Трианон, котильон, бульон, шампиньон, павильон, батальон, регион, перрон, гормон, аттракцион, телефон, салон, баллон, донжон, эталон, миллион  and etc.  All these are  loanwords, and there are a large amount of them in the Russian language.&#xA;But the suffix has become productive at least for slang.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is an older word &amp;quot;полон&amp;quot; -a captivity.&#xA;&amp;quot;Comes from a form with a second full-accord type *полънъ, from proto-slavic * Pȇlnъ of unknown origin, whence also Slavism плен, etc.&amp;quot;&#xA;I don't think that this archaism has anything to do with the case.&#xA;There is also a Slavic word урон ... where it is the root.  ронять,уронить.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;very succinct:&amp;quot;Албанский учи &amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;Just the rude joke. &lt;a href=&quot;https://lurkmore.to/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://lurkmore.to/Язык_падонков&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suppose he had nothing to say...  :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2021-02-12T06:50:57.247" LastActivityDate="2021-02-12T06:50:57.247" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23239" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-12T09:47:40.947" Score="0" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;I do not understand the exact way of choosing between the following pronunciations :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;е : &amp;quot;yè&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;è&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ё: &amp;quot;yo&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;o&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я: &amp;quot;ya&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;a&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ю: &amp;quot;you&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;ou&amp;quot;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In my book, it is written:&#xA;&amp;quot;we pronounce yè, yo, ya and you when it is the first letter of a word, after a vowel or after ъ and ь&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Following these instructions, the name &amp;quot;Таня&amp;quot; should be pronounced &amp;quot;Tana&amp;quot; but actually it is pronounced &amp;quot;Tanya&amp;quot;,and I don't understand why.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So my question is: what is the exact pronunciation of those letters?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15492" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-02-12T10:06:39.223" LastActivityDate="2021-02-15T08:21:26.743" Title="How exactly do we pronounce soft vowels (е, ё, ю, я)" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;vowel&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23240" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23239" CreationDate="2021-02-12T10:06:02.790" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The missing piece of puzzle is that when it's pronounced like &amp;quot;a&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;o&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;e&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;u&amp;quot; correspondingly, the preceding consonant is palatalised (softened). &lt;strong&gt;Таня is not pronounced &amp;quot;Tanya&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. Soft consonants are tricky for someone who has no experience with them, that's why quite often, when they are taught, we oversimplify things and tell foreign students something like &amp;quot;just pronounce consonant + 'ya' or 'ee' but keep the ya or ee very short&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you pronounce Таня, you basically pronounce it like &amp;quot;Тань-а&amp;quot;, so it's a soft н before a.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a sidenote - I really do think that Cyrillic with its design for expressing soft consonants in that fashion is actually really cool - otherwise you end up with more complicated solution like they have, say, in Polish.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-02-12T15:41:16.993" LastActivityDate="2021-02-12T15:41:16.993" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23241" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23239" CreationDate="2021-02-12T11:35:52.137" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;From the list that you made, only е : &amp;quot;yè&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;è&amp;quot; is correct. The non-palatized equivalent is э.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the others it's more like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ё: &amp;quot;yo&amp;quot; vs something like &amp;quot;ö&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;ø&amp;quot; in Germanic languages.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я: &amp;quot;ya&amp;quot;&#xA;vs something like &amp;quot;æ&amp;quot;, can't really think of an English equivalent&#xA;sound that isn't iotized.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ю: &amp;quot;you&amp;quot; vs something like the German &amp;quot;ü&amp;quot;&#xA;or English &amp;quot;ew&amp;quot; this one is the easiest to understand for English&#xA;speakers, try to work backwards from this one.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastActivityDate="2021-02-12T11:35:52.137" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23242" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23235" CreationDate="2021-02-13T07:02:53.440" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Истинный&amp;quot; is an objective concept. Absolute. It extremely rare can be reached by a human. That makes phrase &amp;quot;истинная любовь&amp;quot; looks a bit mysterious.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Настоящий&amp;quot; is subjective concept. I can announce anything as &amp;quot;настоящий&amp;quot; only because I think so personally. This is a bit emotional.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A lot of people think their opinion is &amp;quot;ablolutely true&amp;quot;. That explains why &amp;quot;истинная любовь&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;настоящая любовь&amp;quot; have same sense.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This doesn't cancels other answers but expands them for you to understand the difference more deep.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15463" LastActivityDate="2021-02-13T07:02:53.440" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23244" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23239" CreationDate="2021-02-13T08:08:11.140" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The general rule is: seeing &amp;quot;soft vowel&amp;quot; Е, Ё, И, Ю, Я, one should:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;If the previous letter is a consonant, choose its &amp;quot;soft&amp;quot; (palatalized) variant. Otherwise, add [j] (as in English: yard, yellow, youth, may, toy...) before the vowel unless it is &amp;quot;И&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Choose front allophone of the vowel: Е - [e]; Ё - [ø]; И - [i]; Ю - [y]; Я - [æ] (in its &amp;quot;clearest&amp;quot; variant, as in old RP, or by Scandinavian people, and not General American one, closer to [εə]).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Then, the following exceptions are applied:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ч, Щ are always soft with vowels (so e.g. чай is pronounced as if written чяй, чаща - чящя). Opposite, Ш is always hard (шесть is pronounced like шэсть), and Ц is almost always hard (except a few borrowings which softness is unstable in practice).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some loanwords are pronounced without softening after Е, sometimes in rather peculiar way (e.g. тест - [tεst], as it would be тэст; пенсне - [pʲensˈnε], as it would be пенснэ).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Combination -ьи is pronounced as [ji], often with weak [j] that may disappear. To be mentioned as well: combination -ьо is pronounced like written as -ьё (e.g. почтальон).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Unstressed vowels get usually reduced.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, Таня is pronounced [ˈtɑnʲæ] in emphatically-articulated mode and gets reduced to something like [ˈtɑnʲe] in a fast colloquial form. (In my speech, [ɑ] is nearly at boundary with to [ɐ].)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe it is a most complicated to use properly &amp;quot;hardened&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;softened&amp;quot; variants of consonants where needed. Both total skipping of softnening, or adding explicit [j] instead, are improper. As an exception you may add &amp;quot;epenthetic&amp;quot; [j] but this should not impair your final habits.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For [nʲ] you can also consider provisionally using [ŋ] if the latter is a single consonant in your accent. But this doesnʼt scale to other softened consonants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="827" LastEditorUserId="827" LastEditDate="2021-02-13T12:48:26.040" LastActivityDate="2021-02-13T12:48:26.040" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23245" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23200" CreationDate="2021-02-13T08:41:59.147" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The difference between чашка and кружка, as a kind of vessel for a liquid to drink or pour from it, is rather subtle and is better expressed in pictures:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://dokuhni.ua/images/uploads/user_files/461/chashka-farforovaya-belaya-lotos-v-sort-siecta-91230-tm-farn.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; is чашка but never кружка. So, if a cup has apparently narrower bottom than top, and provided with a saucer, it canʼt be кружка.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.al-group.com.ua/image/cache/catalog/GenWare/50018RED-550x550-product_thumb.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; is кружка but never чашка. We donʼt use чашка for a cylindrical metal vessel (typical tourist equipment).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://images.ua.prom.st/1270242569_w640_h640_belaya-chashka-apple.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;This&lt;/a&gt; is both чашка and кружка. It is a faience or porcelain cylindrical vessel with a handle. What word is used, it may be even regional (according to my observings, кружка is more used for it in northern regions, but чашка - in southern; but this is definitely not strict).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, both words are used for vacuum flask (&amp;quot;thermos&amp;quot;) cap provided for drinking from it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, one should take into account that for some vessels, стакан is preferred, mainly for high, narrow vessel without a handle and which form is close to cylinder, maybe with slight widening to top; it is typically of glass or plastic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are also multiple cases to use чашка in technics, as a kind of round detail. This use is to be specified separately for each kind of detail.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="827" LastEditorUserId="827" LastEditDate="2021-02-14T07:38:53.350" LastActivityDate="2021-02-14T07:38:53.350" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23246" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23239" CreationDate="2021-02-13T09:32:52.043" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Таня is pronounced [тан'а] in Russian transcription system taught in school. The &lt;strong&gt;'&lt;/strong&gt; here indicates that н is soft. These is no й (English y as in yes) in this word. Do not use English letters to describe Russian pronunciation, it is unclear what your &amp;quot;Tana&amp;quot; is supposed mean, it can mean both soft or hard н.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2021-02-15T08:21:26.743" LastActivityDate="2021-02-15T08:21:26.743" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23247" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23023" CreationDate="2021-02-13T10:57:35.457" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think, the root of the problem is that the word &amp;quot;like&amp;quot; can have different meanings in English. It can mean &amp;quot;I want to buy/book/order&amp;quot; or simply &amp;quot;It is pleasant to me&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the English sentence the intended meaning looks like &amp;quot;I want to buy&amp;quot;, so the correct translation into Russian will not be with &amp;quot;мне нравится&amp;quot; but with &amp;quot;я хочу купить/заказать&amp;quot; (I want to buy/order) or with simply &amp;quot;я хочу&amp;quot; (I want). In that case, one can say both сок or стакан сока, just like in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if the original English meaning was &amp;quot;It it pleasant to me&amp;quot;, then you translate it with &amp;quot;мне нравится&amp;quot; and only can use &amp;quot;сок&amp;quot;, not &amp;quot;стакан сока&amp;quot; (unless the very look of the glass of the juice is pleasant, which is quite weird situation, but can happen if you are a painter looking for things to paint).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, I think, your teacher's translation of the English sentence with the word нравится is wrong, because the English original meant &amp;quot;like&amp;quot; in the sense &amp;quot;I want&amp;quot;, not in the sense &amp;quot;I enjoy&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When Russian speakers want to buy something, they usually do not use the word &amp;quot;нравится&amp;quot;, addressing the sellers. They can use it to their fellow buyers or friends, discussing the goods, or even to seller when want to discuss the thing, but not when had decided to buy.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2021-02-13T11:04:13.623" LastActivityDate="2021-02-13T11:04:13.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23248" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23250" CreationDate="2021-02-14T20:28:49.283" Score="2" ViewCount="135" Body="&lt;p&gt;Today's French TV news covered the reconstruction of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia#Retreat_and_losses&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Napoleonic army retreat from Russia&lt;/a&gt; in 1812 (it was held in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vyazma&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vyazma&lt;/a&gt;, and there was an official burial of Russian and French soldiers from that time together there - with official military delegations from both countries).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reporter mentioned the extreme cold and the soldiers' hunger, and showed a painting allegedly from that time (screenshot from the &lt;em&gt;Journal de 20h&lt;/em&gt;, TF1, 2021-02-14)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FHWlV.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/FHWlV.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While commenting on that picture, he said something that surprised me very much (emphasis mine, a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tf1.fr/tf1/jt-we/videos/le-20-heures-du-dimanche-14-fevrier-2021-21966156.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;replay&lt;/a&gt; is available, the sentence is at 33:20)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Encore aujourd'hui, en russe, le mot &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;cheval&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; signifie &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;pourriture&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; → Still today, in Russian, the word &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;horse&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; means &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;rot&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(&lt;em&gt;rot&lt;/em&gt; being the noun from the verb &lt;em&gt;to rot&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I wonder how true this is. It is not like horses were not domesticated for millennia and I doubt that this single event could have changed their name to something that negative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Would you see any link between these two words, maybe in the specific context of that time?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15495" LastEditorUserId="15495" LastEditDate="2021-02-15T08:28:48.580" LastActivityDate="2021-02-15T16:32:57.667" Title="Is there a link between the word &quot;horse&quot; and &quot;rot&quot;?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23250" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23248" CreationDate="2021-02-14T20:58:46.760" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;French TV reporter (most likely) meant the following - in Russian we have the word &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;шваль&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; which most likely is derived directly from the French &amp;quot;cheval&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Шваль&amp;quot; is a noun. It is not exactly about something being &amp;quot;rotten&amp;quot;, it's about someone being despised, a despicable person, someone who is scum. We also say in Russian &lt;code&gt;гнилой человек&lt;/code&gt; (&amp;quot;un pourri&amp;quot; I guess in French) with the same meaning, so yep, &amp;quot;шваль&amp;quot; is, figuratively, a rotten person. But it's not about &amp;quot;конь&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;лошадь&amp;quot; (which both mean &lt;em&gt;horse&lt;/em&gt;) being synonymous with being rotten.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However! I need to note that this exactly etymology - the claim that this word appeared in Russian after the Napoleonic invasion - is something I'm hearing of for the first time. I'm not sure it's accurate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="15495" LastEditDate="2021-02-15T16:32:57.667" LastActivityDate="2021-02-15T16:32:57.667" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23251" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-15T11:28:44.483" Score="2" ViewCount="129" Body="&lt;p&gt;Panhandle is a narrow strip of territory projecting from the main territory of one state into another state.&#xA;Google translates panhandle as попрошайка, попрошайничать (beggar, beg). Is there a one Russian word for panhandle in a geographical context, as in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Panhandle&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Florida panhandle&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15498" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-02-15T11:49:32.780" LastActivityDate="2021-03-22T12:14:52.900" Title="Word “panhandle” translation to Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23252" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23251" CreationDate="2021-02-15T11:48:44.447" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually, the direct translation for &amp;quot;panhandle&amp;quot; would be &amp;quot;ручка скоровородки&amp;quot; - this is the reason why it is called that way in English in first place. &lt;strong&gt;However we don't have a 100% matching term in Russian&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If one want to talk of specifically of Florida panhandle, one would just say something like &amp;quot;неполуостровная часть Флориды&amp;quot;, or &amp;quot;материковая часть Флориды&amp;quot;. Technically, panhandles are &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salient_(geography)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;salients&lt;/a&gt;, that is &amp;quot;elongated protrusions of a geopolitical entities, such as a subnational entity or a sovereign state&amp;quot;. This term is translated to Russian as &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;выступ&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; but de-facto it's usage (in this context) is not that wide-spread as usage of panhandle in English.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For instance, &amp;quot;Aляскинский выступ&amp;quot; is nowhere close in usage to Alaska panhandle, &amp;quot;Юго-Восточная Аляска&amp;quot; is way more popular. &amp;quot;Северный выступ Западной Виргинии&amp;quot; (another example mentioned in Wikipedia) sounds very artificial - actually in each individual case the actual Russian term varies. Though I have to admit that I miss a Russian counterpart.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-02-15T11:56:16.347" LastActivityDate="2021-02-15T11:56:16.347" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23253" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23234" CreationDate="2021-02-15T13:58:15.963" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Отвечаю сам себе:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Если Пенза и Челябинск входят в понятие &amp;quot;малые города России&amp;quot;, то запятая сразу после &amp;quot;в частности&amp;quot; не нужна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Если математика и химия входят в понятие &amp;quot;некоторые предметы&amp;quot;, то запятая сразу после &amp;quot;в частности&amp;quot; не нужна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Если Европа входит в понятие &amp;quot;редкие исключения&amp;quot;, то запятая сразу после &amp;quot;в частности&amp;quot; не нужна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Если помимо языков C++ и AutoHotKey он также программировал и на хотя бы ещё одном другом языке, что также составляло его главное занятие, то запятая сразу после &amp;quot;в частности&amp;quot; не нужна.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Так, во всех этих случаях, получается &lt;a href=&quot;https://russkiiyazyk.ru/punktuatsiya/v-chastnosti-vydelyaetsya-zapyatymi.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;уточняющий оборот&lt;/a&gt;, в котором слова &amp;quot;в частности&amp;quot; являются только лишь его началом. Поэтому запятыми выделяется весь оборот.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="170" LastActivityDate="2021-02-15T13:58:15.963" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23254" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23200" CreationDate="2021-02-15T20:10:57.183" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;A &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;чашка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; is a part of a set (a set of containers for drinking tea and saucers).&#xA;The &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;кружка&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; is a cylindrical container, usually not placed on a saucer.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15500" LastActivityDate="2021-02-15T20:10:57.183" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23255" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="7234" CreationDate="2021-02-16T01:56:37.320" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;В русском употребляют похожие фразы &amp;quot;Ты сама это сказала&amp;quot; или &amp;quot;Заметь, не я это сказал&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Mailman: &amp;quot;Where do you want the mail?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Victim: &amp;quot;Stick it in there.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Mailman: &amp;quot;Thats what she said!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Почтальон: &amp;quot;Куда вам почту?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Жертва: &amp;quot;Засунь туда.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Почтальон: &amp;quot;Ты сама это сказала!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11990" LastActivityDate="2021-02-16T01:56:37.320" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23256" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23257" CreationDate="2021-02-16T22:11:26.957" Score="-2" ViewCount="187" Body="&lt;p&gt;The capitalized forms would likely be indistinguishable and the lowercase forms &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; identical according to this resource (as noted on &lt;em&gt;Pinterest&lt;/em&gt;).  Naturally there must be an actual difference when a native speaker of &lt;em&gt;cyrillic&lt;/em&gt; based languages jots them down. Can someone do exactly that and take a screenshot and provide a quick note/explanation?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7EhJA.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/7EhJA.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note: the appropriate tag for this is &lt;em&gt;кириллица&lt;/em&gt; but that tag does not presently exist.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12191" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-02-17T00:06:20.363" LastActivityDate="2021-03-22T23:50:35.080" Title="What is the difference in how shah and schchah are written (by hand) in practice?" Tags="&lt;буквы&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23257" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23256" CreationDate="2021-02-16T23:36:46.593" Score="10" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an incorrect (and poor quality) picture. These letters look different in every script. Like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ш ш&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Щ щ&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Ш ш&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;h1&gt;Щ щ&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/gNs99.png&quot; alt=&quot;Ш Щ&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7537" LastEditorUserId="7537" LastEditDate="2021-02-16T23:42:59.007" LastActivityDate="2021-02-16T23:42:59.007" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23259" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23212" CreationDate="2021-02-17T21:07:19.923" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;they don't speak Russian like that). we can say - Ещё раз, здравствуйте. or - Здравствуйте, ещё раз)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15506" LastActivityDate="2021-02-17T21:07:19.923" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23260" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23225" CreationDate="2021-02-17T21:11:38.513" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;You just need to remember this form. Also: &amp;quot;на балкон&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;на почту&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15506" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-02-17T21:18:41.070" LastActivityDate="2021-02-17T21:18:41.070" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23261" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23181" CreationDate="2021-02-17T21:28:11.220" Score="-2" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;куда вы собрались?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;мы идём в кино.&#xA;in this situation we can use transport, but the verb still ИДТИ, because the distance is not important to us, the fact is important. - Мы идем в гости. (also possibly using transport)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15506" LastActivityDate="2021-02-17T21:28:11.220" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23262" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23141" CreationDate="2021-02-17T21:39:35.547" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;бежать is an imperfect verb, unidirectional. бегать is an imperfect view, multidirectional. if you use a prefixed unidirectional verb, it will be perfect. if you use a multidirectional verb with a prefix, it will be imperfect.&#xA;побежать - совершенный вид(means the beginning of the movement)&#xA;побегать - несовершенный вид (means to run for a while, not too long)&#xA;каждый день я бегаю на стадионе, завтра я побегу в лес.я побегаю там 30-40 минут и вернусь домой.&#xA;вчера мы играли в футбол, хорошо побегали.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15506" LastActivityDate="2021-02-17T21:39:35.547" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23263" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-18T16:26:46.527" Score="0" ViewCount="161" Body="&lt;p&gt;Which one of following two sentences is right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Девушка всех удивила своим ответом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Девушка всех удивила со своим ответом&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I remember reading about when to add the 'с' it was in Russian and I cannot get the info.&#xA;It was a sort of general rule it goes like 'if you delete the adjective and the sentence doesn't make sense then it has to be with the &amp;quot;c&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15512" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-02-18T16:58:03.970" LastActivityDate="2021-03-02T05:49:19.173" Title="&quot;Удивить своим ответом&quot; or &quot;со своим ответом&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23264" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23263" CreationDate="2021-02-18T16:33:59.933" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Девушка всех удивила &lt;strong&gt;своим ответом&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Удивила (чем?) своим ответом, это творительный падеж (creative case)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15513" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-02-18T16:58:58.467" LastActivityDate="2021-02-18T16:58:58.467" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23265" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-19T07:28:42.933" Score="0" ViewCount="244" Body="&lt;p&gt;In the phrase&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Как такое могло случиться в Соединенных Штатах?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;, why is the adjective &lt;em&gt;такое&lt;/em&gt; being used as a noun?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15410" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2021-03-15T03:21:46.747" LastActivityDate="2021-03-22T12:04:31.147" Title="&quot;Такое&quot; in &quot;как такое могло случиться&quot;" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23266" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23265" CreationDate="2021-02-19T08:18:43.523" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Takoe&amp;quot; can be both an adjective and a pronoun. Here we have a pronoun &amp;quot;this&amp;quot; used as a subject. I.e. How could all this have happened in the USA?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2021-02-19T08:18:43.523" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23267" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-19T20:24:01.953" Score="-1" ViewCount="144" Body="&lt;p&gt;Kaliningrad is the Russian exclave sandwiched in between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic coast. Every time I think of it I find myself saying &amp;quot;Kalinograd&amp;quot; because in English usage substituting the vowel 'o' for the full syllable 'in' makes the verbal flow easier.  And to me, anyway, it sounds cooler in American jargon for the third syllable to contrast with rather than repeat the second syllable.  Would residents of Kaliningrad or elsewhere in Russia take offense at this alternative pronunciation, or might they be intrigued by it?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9476" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2021-02-20T15:03:09.330" LastActivityDate="2021-02-20T23:51:18.847" Title="Kaliningrad ... may it be referred to as Kalinograd?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;slang&gt;&lt;выбор-имени&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23268" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23267" CreationDate="2021-02-19T21:25:02.220" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bill, would you take offense if I will call, dunno, Boston Bosstown because, you know, I feel that it's a Boss Town. I like how it sounds, I like the connotations and the very vibe of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a strange way to state a question. If you are interested in whether one call it that way - nobody does. Nobody calls &lt;code&gt;Калининград&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;Калиноград&lt;/code&gt;. If you'll try to do it the reaction would be pretty much similar to the example with Bosstown. Someone will just shrug their shoulders, someone will decide not to mess with you, someone will try to correct you.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's a very subtle issue. Even Solzhenitsyn failed to coin new word - he once proposed &amp;quot;Невоград&amp;quot; as a new name for guess which exactly city.  People outside &amp;quot;Нижний Новгород&amp;quot; call it sometimes &amp;quot;Нино&amp;quot;, locals can be very offended if they will hear it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would advise you not to experiment till you 100% know what you are doing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-02-19T22:48:56.273" LastActivityDate="2021-02-19T22:48:56.273" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23269" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-02-20T02:47:46.617" Score="4" ViewCount="189" Body="&lt;p&gt;Let's use a simple sentence to illustrate this further:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;[SUBJECT NOUN] gave [PERSONAL POSSESSIVE] [INDIRECT OBJECT] a [DIRECT OBJECT].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If I want to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He gave &lt;em&gt;my&lt;/em&gt; brother a book.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;He gave &lt;em&gt;your&lt;/em&gt; brother a book.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;He gave &lt;em&gt;our&lt;/em&gt; brother a book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I use the dative declension for &lt;em&gt;my&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;your&lt;/em&gt;, or &lt;em&gt;our&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он дал &lt;em&gt;моему&lt;/em&gt; брату книгу.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Он дал &lt;em&gt;твоему&lt;/em&gt; брату книгу.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Он дал &lt;em&gt;нашему&lt;/em&gt; брату книгу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.imgur.com/lsQVExl.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if, instead, I want to say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He gave her brother a book.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;He gave their brother a book.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I just use &lt;em&gt;его&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;их&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Он дал &lt;em&gt;её&lt;/em&gt; брату книгу.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Он дал &lt;em&gt;их&lt;/em&gt; брату книгу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why don't these forms decline like the others?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for research previously conducted, I can barely even find a web page that makes reference to this fact, let alone explain why this is so.  The page below from &amp;quot;Learn Russian Step by Step,&amp;quot; was probably the most straightforward about just mentioning it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://learnrussianstepbystep.com/en/possessive-pronouns-in-the-dative-case/&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;Possessive pronouns in the Dative case&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T08:38:56.610" Title="Why don't the personal possessive adjectives его (his), её (her), and их (their) decline for the dative case?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;&lt;possessive-adjective&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23270" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23269" CreationDate="2021-02-20T06:32:39.500" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;I know it is an unsatisfying answer, but it just happened to be this way.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For a fairly long time, Slavic languages didn't use to have a personal pronoun for the 3rd person. Instead, they used the demonstratives &lt;em&gt;*и&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;*ꙗ&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;*ѥ&lt;/em&gt;, which is where the forms like &lt;em&gt;её&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;его&lt;/em&gt; come from.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Pretty early on, the nominative forms of these pronouns got replaced (suppletion) by the nominative forms of another set of demonstratives: &lt;em&gt;онъ&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;она&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;оно&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As time went on, these combined forms became personal pronouns for the 3rd person, which, funnily enough, resulted in the formation of a completely new system of demonstratives like &lt;em&gt;тот&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;этот&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now, as you may expect, possession also used to have only 1st and 2nd person pronouns. If you wanted to refer to the possession by a third person, you would simply use an adjective like &lt;em&gt;сестрин&lt;/em&gt; (sister's) or restructure your entire phrase.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is why &lt;em&gt;мой&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;твой&lt;/em&gt; decline like that, in a very adjectival way (compare &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9#Russian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;мой&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;голубой&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With the 3rd person getting its pronouns, the possession also needed to change. But there wasn't really a form to handle it. So the genitive of 3rd person pronoun was used instead, but it can't change with the cases anymore since it has to be in a genitive case to show possession.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So that is why 1st and 2nd person possessives decline differently from 3rd person ones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, there is an interesting process that started back in medieval times and was subsequently fought by the Soviet reforms with questionable results. You see, you are not the only person who found the need to have a 3rd person possessive that shows what case it is in.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It seems that for the last 500 years or so, the language tried to fill the void by doing the only obvious thing: grabbing the existing 3rd person possessive and slamming an adjectival ending on it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All the way back in XVII century, there was already significant use of the form &lt;em&gt;ихний&lt;/em&gt; (their). Over the years, you will also see forms like &lt;em&gt;егоный&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;евоный&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;еёный&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;ейный&lt;/em&gt; pop up here and there. These are always considered extremely wrong and extremely colloquial by the school system, yet they just keep showing up.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you are interested in these kinds of topics, I recommend picking up a copy of &amp;quot;Историческая грамматика русского языка&amp;quot; by В. Иванов. (Аванесов Р. И., Иванов В. В. Историческая грамматика русского языка: Морфология, глагол. – Изд-во&amp;quot; Наука,&amp;quot;, 1982.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastEditorDisplayName="user10940" LastEditDate="2021-03-25T08:38:56.610" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T08:38:56.610" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23272" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23269" CreationDate="2021-02-21T04:46:14.613" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The point is, &lt;em&gt;его, её, их&lt;/em&gt; lack not only a special Dative case form, but they are &lt;em&gt;not declinable at all&lt;/em&gt;, they have the same form for &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; the cases, both singular and plural, for example, in plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;от &lt;strong&gt;его&lt;/strong&gt; друзей&lt;/em&gt; (Genitive pl.) “from his friends”&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;c &lt;strong&gt;его&lt;/strong&gt; друзьями&lt;/em&gt; (Instrumental pl.) “with his friends”&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;на &lt;strong&gt;его&lt;/strong&gt; друзьях&lt;/em&gt; (Prepositional pl.) “on his friends”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The reason for that is that although &lt;em&gt;его, её, их&lt;/em&gt; are considered possessive pronouns, in fact and historically they are just the Genitive case forms of the personal pronouns &lt;em&gt;он (оно), она, они&lt;/em&gt;. (cf. &lt;em&gt;Я боюсь &lt;strong&gt;его&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (Genitive) “I'm afraid &lt;em&gt;of him&lt;/em&gt;”). Attributes in the Genitive case (and the possessive pronouns are attributes) are called &lt;em&gt;несогласованные определения&lt;/em&gt; (“uncoordinated / not agreed attributes”) since such attributes always stay in the Genitive case irrespective of which case the head noun is in. For example, in the following sentences &lt;em&gt;Петра&lt;/em&gt; “of Peter / Peter's” is a Genitive case attribute:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nom. &lt;em&gt;брат &lt;strong&gt;Петра&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; “a brother &lt;em&gt;of Peter&lt;/em&gt;”&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Gen. &lt;em&gt;без брата &lt;strong&gt;Петра&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; “without a brother &lt;em&gt;of Peter&lt;/em&gt;”&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Dat. &lt;em&gt;брату &lt;strong&gt;Петра&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; “to/for a brother &lt;em&gt;of Peter&lt;/em&gt;”&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Acc. &lt;em&gt;[вижу] брата &lt;strong&gt;Петра&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; “[I see] a brother &lt;em&gt;of Peter&lt;/em&gt;”&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Instr. &lt;em&gt;с братом &lt;strong&gt;Петра&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; “with a brother &lt;em&gt;of Peter&lt;/em&gt;”&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;Prep. &lt;em&gt;о брате &lt;strong&gt;Петра&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; “about a brother &lt;em&gt;of Peter&lt;/em&gt;”&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As you can see, &lt;em&gt;его, её, их&lt;/em&gt; never change their form in any case of singular or plural whatsoever since historically they are the Genitive case forms of the corresponding personal pronouns, and &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; possessive pronouns proper like &lt;em&gt;мой&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;ваш&lt;/em&gt;. Genitive case attributes remain unchanged when the head of their noun phrase changes its case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastActivityDate="2021-02-21T04:46:14.613" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23275" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23225" CreationDate="2021-02-21T12:27:15.327" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It is some kind of archaism. Like in English language the difference between in school (inside the building) and at school (studying). I think historically &amp;quot;на кухню&amp;quot; was some kind of professional use of kitchen (the same way in Russian you can meet &amp;quot;он работает На радио, она - диктор НА телевидении&amp;quot;). Sometimes you should just remember: &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;НА&lt;/strong&gt; хуторе&amp;quot;, but &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;В&lt;/strong&gt; деревне&amp;quot;, but idiomatically &amp;quot;первый парень &lt;strong&gt;НА&lt;/strong&gt; деревне&amp;quot; (it doesn't mean in village, it means among people in this village).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14787" LastActivityDate="2021-02-21T12:27:15.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23278" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2180" CreationDate="2021-02-26T20:19:52.300" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Anyway, my question is this -- for those among you who have seen the film, is the dialogue at all challenging to understand?&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;No. It's not a &amp;quot;challenge&amp;quot;. It's easy.&#xA;and even Primary Russian Crhonicle (and others ancient cronicles) I just understand in general parts - although I didn't learn the Old Russian language especcially :&amp;gt;&#xA;Also you could watch video about the Interslavic and reactions in the comment section from Russians( &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/NztgXMLwv4A&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/NztgXMLwv4A&lt;/a&gt; and this have relations with this issue :&amp;gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Or is it just me?&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; - just You only (as foreigner) or.. anothers...otarks (not foreigners :&amp;gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;basically incomprehensible. I am not a native speaker&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; - this is the answer for You;&#xA;well - a really full educated Russian read not only the Leskov, and Bazhov, etc, but hear a russian people's fairy tailes in early childhood from a mother, etc. :) And Soviet fairy tales movies, and historical movies, etc, etc, etc :)&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/q_0uYbiUjsE?t=14&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/q_0uYbiUjsE?t=14&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/qzGFEz7PtfQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/qzGFEz7PtfQ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/l5wJ541-b_g&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/l5wJ541-b_g&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/-LqD-W9kzYw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/-LqD-W9kzYw&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;:)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;and I've always thought that my grasp of the language was very good&amp;quot; - и ежели ты так полагаешь, то просто почитай Бажова, Лескова, Гоголя, Шолохова,Островского, Фонвизина, Ершова и далее; читай больше русской и советской литературы - это для улучшения навыков сих. :)&#xA;У нас это вообще-то и в школе преподают :&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/7eN-_qZR_KM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/7eN-_qZR_KM&lt;/a&gt; :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;where the dialogue is more...contemporary.&amp;quot;&#xA;навроде такого ? : &lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/lxkK5cVM9VM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/lxkK5cVM9VM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/yj4hxehkP4Y&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/yj4hxehkP4Y&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/UoKlKx-3FcA&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/UoKlKx-3FcA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/zJxdM0zv0jY&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/zJxdM0zv0jY&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;:&amp;gt; :&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&#xA;и так далее...&#xA;Это не то, что я называю - образованный русский человек. :) Излишне мягко говоря. The froast heads and tatokanos...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;language can be -- &amp;quot;uneducated&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;sub-standard&amp;quot; speech&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;without delving into the meaning of these English words, I will note that in this case we are talking more about &amp;quot;rural&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;village's&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;country&amp;quot;, often more archaic language - but understandable for a NORMAL Russian human :)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;anything like &amp;quot;Феня&amp;quot; for example.&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt; it isn't a &amp;quot;феня&amp;quot;, the &amp;quot;феня&amp;quot; just a special criminal slang only, the specifical thing. For a criminal only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2021-02-27T04:59:40.513" LastActivityDate="2021-02-27T04:59:40.513" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2021-02-26T20:19:52.300" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23279" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="881" CreationDate="2021-02-26T21:59:11.380" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Possession is generally expressed in Russian using у + genitive case. &amp;quot; - not at all necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;the less useful phrase иметь место ... should иметь be avoided in everyday conversations&amp;quot; - no. :&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, &amp;quot;Я имею машину, дом, etc&amp;quot; - ok; but  this &amp;quot;иметь&amp;quot; strongly emphasizes precisely the fact of possession. More distinct,hard,may be - agressive. :&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я имею жену&amp;quot;... - ok, but it can be interpreted with sexual connotation... but - it depend on your audience and who are they. :&amp;gt;&#xA;&amp;quot;...собаку&amp;quot; or smth - too.. &amp;quot;машину&amp;quot; f.e. :&amp;gt;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/06BFsQ_28Co&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/06BFsQ_28Co&lt;/a&gt; :&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я отымел жену&amp;quot; - this &amp;quot;perfect&amp;quot; form have the direct sexual meaning now, not a connotation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Этот прямоугольник имеет высоту 3 метра&amp;quot; - absolute ok, the meaning about properties of this rectangle. Only.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot; Is there a simple rule ? &amp;quot; - really no :&amp;gt;&#xA;It's just the Game with the context and your audience - who is it :&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;told me that the sentences Прямоугольник имеет четыре стороны and Этот прямоугольник имеет высоту 3 метра sound awkward to him &amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;His opinion is the veriest nonsense. Какой-то бред полный... :&amp;gt;&#xA;For techincal and scientific subjects this &amp;quot;иметь&amp;quot; especially suitable and emphasizes the rigidity of technical definitions :) &amp;quot;Корабль имеет главный калибр 360 мм&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtu.be/uAOL2uOLfkU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://youtu.be/uAOL2uOLfkU&lt;/a&gt; - &amp;quot;иметь или не иметь&amp;quot; song :)) Ария московского гостя.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;but this &amp;quot;иметь&amp;quot; is not inserted anywhere without really semantic reasons, as it is in English - but this is the difference between grammar, its forms. Not semantics.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2021-02-27T04:50:07.417" LastActivityDate="2021-02-27T04:50:07.417" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23280" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23263" CreationDate="2021-02-27T04:13:14.173" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Девушка всех удивила со своим ответом&amp;quot;.&#xA;in fact, it looks more likely (and can be like this) as two separated phrases, the second phrase is unfinished.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Девушка всех удивила, со своим ответом как дурачок с писаной торбой ...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Девушка всех удивила, со своим ответом... етить его в качель... &amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Девушка всех удивила, со своим ответом... потрясая им, как дубиной... не знаю что, - разрушила все гипотезы оппонентов&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Otherwise, it's just the mistaken form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastEditorUserId="13214" LastEditDate="2021-03-02T05:49:19.173" LastActivityDate="2021-03-02T05:49:19.173" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23282" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23284" CreationDate="2021-02-28T04:50:25.573" Score="0" ViewCount="86" Body="&lt;p&gt;For example, лу́чше seems to be used for all genders (and cases?) When is it necessary to use the fully declined versions (лу́чший, лу́чшего etc.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15545" LastActivityDate="2021-02-28T09:03:06.003" Title="Does the comparative form of adjectives need to have declension?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;comparative&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23284" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23282" CreationDate="2021-02-28T09:03:06.003" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is a rather complicated topic, so I'll start with an oversimplification.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лучший&lt;/em&gt; is not a form of &lt;em&gt;лучше&lt;/em&gt;, but rather both of them are forms of &lt;em&gt;хороший&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лучше&lt;/em&gt; is a simple comparative of &lt;em&gt;хороший&lt;/em&gt;, whereas &lt;em&gt;лучший&lt;/em&gt; is usually a simple superlative of &lt;em&gt;хороший&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The compound comparative and superlative variants are &lt;em&gt;более хороший&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;самый хороший&lt;/em&gt; respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Simple comparatives usually do not change with the cases, genders, or numbers because the word is preoccupied with displaying its comparative status. However, the compound comparative does change appropriately, as the second part of it is the base adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, &lt;em&gt;лучший&lt;/em&gt; can also be used sometimes as a comparative of &lt;em&gt;хороший&lt;/em&gt; as well, which further complicates things. There is hardly any semantic difference between comparative &lt;em&gt;лучше&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;лучший&lt;/em&gt;, but &lt;em&gt;лучше&lt;/em&gt; is much more common as a comparative since it avoids possible confusion of comparative &lt;em&gt;лучший&lt;/em&gt; with a superlative &lt;em&gt;лучший&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я строю лучший дом&lt;/em&gt; (my current house is unsatisfying, so I am building a &lt;strong&gt;better&lt;/strong&gt; one)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я строю лучший дом&lt;/em&gt; (this house is going to be &lt;strong&gt;the best&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As for when you should use them, it is a rather straightforward matter.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You use the base adjective to describe an attribute of an object:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;хороший&lt;/em&gt; (good)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;красный&lt;/em&gt; (red)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;быстрый&lt;/em&gt; (fast)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You use either the simple or compound comparative to convey that an object possesses more of the attribute than another object (or objects):&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;более хороший&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;лучше&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;лучший&lt;/em&gt; (better)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;более красный&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;краснее&lt;/em&gt; (redder)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;более быстрый&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;быстрее&lt;/em&gt; (faster)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You use the simple or compound superlative to convey that an object possesses the most of the attribute compared to the rest:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;самый хороший&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;лучший&lt;/em&gt; (the best)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;самый красный&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;краснейший&lt;/em&gt; (the reddest)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;самый быстрый&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;быстрейший&lt;/em&gt; (the fastest)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, just to complicate things more (:D) I should also mention that &lt;em&gt;лучше&lt;/em&gt; can be a simple comparative of both the adjective &lt;em&gt;хороший&lt;/em&gt; and the adverb &lt;em&gt;хорошо&lt;/em&gt;. Furthermore, it has several other uses derived from these:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ситуация теперь лучше&lt;/em&gt; (predicative: conveys improvement)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лучше запиши, а то забудешь&lt;/em&gt; (either identified as an adverb or a particle: conveys preferable outcome or an attempt to convince someone)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerDisplayName="user10940" LastActivityDate="2021-02-28T09:03:06.003" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23285" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23287" CreationDate="2021-02-28T16:24:50.477" Score="3" ViewCount="225" Body="&lt;p&gt;My grandfather, who is a Russian from the Smolensk region has an interesting manner of speaking.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One of the peculiarities is his use of the -ом/-ем suffix for masculine nouns and proper nouns in instrumental case that initially would have -ой or -ей when speaking about doing something with someone. I.e. &amp;quot;с Юрком&amp;quot; (vs &amp;quot;с Юркой&amp;quot;), &amp;quot;с Сашем&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;с Жорком&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;с папом&amp;quot; (с папой), etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Could this be an alternative form that's in use in some region, or that came over from another language, such as Ukrainian? Or is it an obsolete archaic form? Or is it just his own invention?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10177" LastEditorUserId="10177" LastEditDate="2021-02-28T21:38:54.267" LastActivityDate="2021-03-18T18:43:14.157" Title="Rare/dialectal alternative instrumental case form -ом" Tags="&lt;диалект&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23286" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23285" CreationDate="2021-02-28T19:40:18.570" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it's a colloquial kind of declension (i.e. one of many deviations from established grammar rules observed in everyday speech). From my experience, native speakers use such forms occasionally regardless of their geography. Although it might be more common in some areas more than in others.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Perhaps, linguists on this forum can give more informed (correct) answer to this, but from a layman's POV it sounds like an element of informal speech not derived from another language or old Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4379" LastActivityDate="2021-02-28T19:40:18.570" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23287" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23285" CreationDate="2021-02-28T22:17:29.440" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm not aware of particularly Smolensk-area dialects (and I know very little about them in general quite honest) however what you are describing is not that unimaginable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;northern group of Russian dialects&lt;/a&gt; following happens:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sEJ3P.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/sEJ3P.png&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Smolensk-area dialect does not belong to northern group of dialects. However! This quote: &amp;quot;этот тип склонения ... встречается и в некоторых говорах северного ареала Западной группы южного наречия&amp;quot; is actually a good hint that similar process might have happened in Smolensk as well. Also, based on your evidence, this pattern holds true with wider range of nouns, not only with &amp;quot;-ушк&amp;quot;/&amp;quot;-ишк&amp;quot; suffix.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also - Ivan is not wrong and this has traces in colloquial speech. One can say something like: &amp;quot;Мы сегодня с Юрком и Никитосом ходили в кино&amp;quot; without analysing whether they say &amp;quot;Юрком&amp;quot; because they've used &amp;quot;Юрок&amp;quot; form of just because it's something more complicated.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-02-28T22:30:43.993" LastActivityDate="2021-02-28T22:30:43.993" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23289" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23026" CreationDate="2021-03-01T20:31:58.593" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The more accurate meaning of the word &lt;code&gt;хоть&lt;/code&gt; here is &lt;code&gt;I don't care about would it be&lt;/code&gt;. So the whole phrase by its meaning can be translated as &lt;code&gt;After us it can be even a flood, I don't care&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9520" LastActivityDate="2021-03-01T20:31:58.593" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23291" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23296" CreationDate="2021-03-03T00:46:02.937" Score="5" ViewCount="160" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The masculine form of &amp;quot;one&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;один,&amp;quot; but it is &amp;quot;одна&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;одно&amp;quot; for the feminine and neuter, respectively.  Why?&lt;/strong&gt;  In other words, why isn't it &amp;quot;одина&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;одино&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My inquiry into this has been little more than a Google search, but after attempting various searches and taking a look at several pages to include those from textbooks, I have found nothing that addresses the fact that this word actually drops a letter to form the feminine and neuter forms.  If I am not mistaken, this is actually called &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/syncope&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;syncope&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in linguistics and refers to the loss of medial vowels in a word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8742" LastActivityDate="2021-03-04T05:51:56.927" Title="Why does the word &quot;один&quot; drop the &quot;и&quot; for its feminine and neuter forms?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23292" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23291" CreationDate="2021-03-03T08:08:04.320" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Well, in Old East Slavonic - which is in Russian called more often древнерусский - following forms are attested: одинъ / одьнъ, одина / одьна, одино / одьно. Note that here &amp;quot;ь&amp;quot; is not a soft sign but a ultrashort vowel of course, so called &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_sign&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;front yer&lt;/a&gt;). The 'ь' form is a later development, thus &amp;quot;и&amp;quot; was reduced to 'ь'.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So this forms were exactly like you'd rather expect them to be: logical and predictable ) And from historical standpoint the reduction of &amp;quot;ь&amp;quot;/&amp;quot;ъ&amp;quot; in unstressed positions a very common phonetic process in Russian evolution - there are hundreds, if not thousands examples of such reduction, like &lt;code&gt;правьда&lt;/code&gt; -&amp;gt; &lt;code&gt;правда&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;чьто&lt;/code&gt; -&amp;gt; &lt;code&gt;что&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;кънига&lt;/code&gt; -&amp;gt; &lt;code&gt;книга&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, I honestly think that such questions are better to be asked on &lt;a href=&quot;https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/&quot;&gt;https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/&lt;/a&gt; - since this process hadn't happened in modern Russian (which is our main focus) but actually preceded its formation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-03-03T08:49:01.643" LastActivityDate="2021-03-03T08:49:01.643" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23293" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23295" CreationDate="2021-03-03T15:28:45.087" Score="0" ViewCount="100" Body="&lt;p&gt;Есть авторы учебников, которые везде оперируют понятием «звук». Например, &lt;a href=&quot;http://new.gramota.ru/biblio/readingroom/textbooks/author/litnevskaya/part1#4_1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Литневская&lt;/a&gt;. Но, вероятно, правильнее говорить «фонема». Итак, сколькими различными способами, согласно русской орфографии, может обозначаться звук или фонема [щ'] (по МФА — /ɕː/), как в начале слова «щука»?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Пишут, что, к примеру, есть вариант передачи [щ'] буквосочетанием &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/questions/1719/difference-in-pronunciation-between-%D1%89-and-%D1%88%D1%8C&quot;&gt;ЗЩ&lt;/a&gt;. Но мне что-то не припоминается такого слова. Может, кто-нибудь подскажет? Буду благодарен.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="9732" LastActivityDate="2021-03-03T22:36:05.313" Title="Сколькими способами в русской орфографии может быть обозначена фонема [щ'] /ɕː/?" Tags="&lt;орфография&gt;&lt;буква&gt;&lt;звук&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23294" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="2561" CreationDate="2021-03-03T18:31:51.353" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Единственное что приходит на ум - это то, что слово это пришло к нам от немецких травокуров, которые словом glück, помимо традиционного значения, называли также как сам приход после употребления своих препаратов, так и все его сопутствующие эффекты. В IT-среду, соответственно, слово пришло уже от туда. И хотя на 100% точно это, разумеется, сказать нынче едва ли возможно, но если это так, то тогда понятно почему об этом не напишут в словарях...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15554" LastEditorUserId="15554" LastEditDate="2021-03-03T18:41:57.410" LastActivityDate="2021-03-03T18:41:57.410" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23295" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23293" CreationDate="2021-03-03T22:27:40.757" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;В пределах одного орфографического слова без дефиса /ɕː/ кроме буквы Щ может обозначаться сочетаниями букв:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ЖЧ: мужчина&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;ЗЧ: грузчик&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;СЧ: счёт&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;ССЧ: рассчитать&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;ЖЩ: межщёчный*&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;СЩ: расщепить&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;ЖДЬ: дождь /doɕː/, произносят также [doʂtʲ]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ЗЩ: гагаузщина, или даже Гагаузщина – употребления в русском гуглом не регистрируются, но это вполне адекватное слово, построенное по продуктивной словообразовательной модели. Просто о гагаузах на русском пишут крайне мало.&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;8 обнаружений в Гугле даёт слово &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/search?client=opera&amp;amp;hl=uk&amp;amp;sxsrf=ALeKk00D6zjS49sxncB-ImbhrwLISiqHLw:1614807856431&amp;amp;q=%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BA&amp;amp;nfpr=1&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwi3uaaFjJXvAhVp-ioKHVBGBkcQvgUoAXoECA4QNg&amp;amp;biw=1662&amp;amp;bih=806&amp;amp;dpr=1.13&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;сказщик&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, но по правилам русского правописания &lt;a href=&quot;https://licey.net/free/4-russkii_yazyk/39-kurs_russkogo_yazyka_fonetika__slovoobrazovanie__morfologiya_i_orfografiya/stages/666-325_pravopisanie_suffiksov_imen_suschestvitelnyh.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;следовало бы&lt;/a&gt; писать &lt;em&gt;сказчик&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;*межщёчный – у блох на голове имеется &lt;em&gt;межщёчный отросток&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2021-03-03T22:36:05.313" LastActivityDate="2021-03-03T22:36:05.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23296" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23291" CreationDate="2021-03-04T05:51:56.927" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;This one is actually non-trivial. As @shabunc mentions, at a certain moment the root (which was originally один-) started to exhibit alternations between и and the ultrashort ь. However, if ь simply won over и, we would have something along the lines &amp;quot;одён - одна - одно&amp;quot; (which Zaliznyak's system in &amp;quot;Russkoe imennoe slovoizmenenie&amp;quot; actually predicts, he needs a special rule to change одён to один when going back from the abstract view (&amp;quot;условный вид&amp;quot;)). So the root один was retained in nominative singular (and in some derivatives like одиночный, одинокий) but root одьн was chosen for declension (and for some other derivatives like однажды, однако - notably never in strong position though), leading to an almost unique situation of having a stressed fleeting и (only яиц has the same, but there one can at least point at the neighboring j - which is not quite enough either, compare заём - not *заим).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, I need to mention that historical deletion of ь/ъ is not conditioned by stress (see Zaliznyak 1985, ch. 3) but only by segmental context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2021-03-04T05:51:56.927" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23297" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23023" CreationDate="2021-03-04T15:26:11.310" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The Russian sentence does not give any extra information about the juice apart from it being an item on some kind of a menu or a list. It may be a glass of juice, a bottle of juice, a cup of juice. Maybe you are expected to have your own barrel they would pour the juice into - who knows, you need some extra context to tell.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I don't think that it is a good practice to add some extra meanings to a translated sentence that is not contained in the original one. Sometimes there is just not enough meaning to construct a somewhat proper English sentence but you should at least do your best and try to find some kind of an equivalent even if the result sounds pretty ugly and strange. And in this respect the two options you are asking about are definitely not interchangeable.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15554" LastEditorUserId="15554" LastEditDate="2021-03-04T15:31:22.823" LastActivityDate="2021-03-04T15:31:22.823" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23298" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-05T09:15:16.813" Score="3" ViewCount="231" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of my neighbours died some days ago. I want to write his widow a card (to not get in contact too much, because of corona-restrictions here) to express the condolences of our family. The widow speaks most Russian, and we do not share much common vocabulary in any language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I tried to find some phrases or typical sentences via websearch, but because I am not able to read the Cyrillic alphabet, I am not very successful.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An additional &amp;quot;problem&amp;quot;: I want to add some small amount of money, for some flowers at the grave, because it is not allowed to visit the burial itself. In my first language I would write something like &amp;quot;for a flowery greeting&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;for a greeting by/with flowers&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In conclusion I ask: &lt;strong&gt;Is there a common phrase to express condolences?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(And would be happy, if someone could add some additional nice words or phrases, I could use to write into the card)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15560" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-03-05T09:23:30.987" LastActivityDate="2021-03-05T09:23:30.987" Title="How to express condolences" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23299" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23298" CreationDate="2021-03-05T09:18:35.350" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;The common phrase to express condolences is to say: &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;Примите, пожалуйста, мои [самые искренние] соболезнования&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; or, in short, &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;мои соболезнования&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;. One can use also a verb like &amp;quot;я вам очень соболезную&amp;quot; - this form sometimes works better when you adding the reason why you express condolences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, to sum up in your particular scenario you can tell:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Наша семья соболезнует вашей утрате.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Примите наши искренние соболезнования по поводу вашей утраты.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2021-03-05T09:18:35.350" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23301" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23082" CreationDate="2021-03-05T14:14:29.730" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Конечно, свежеструганые. Отглагольное прилагательное, без зависимых слов и прочих фишек.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Две -н- было бы с приставкой, сравните: свежеструганые — свежевыструганные (приставка вы-).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12566" LastEditorUserId="12566" LastEditDate="2021-03-05T20:51:42.300" LastActivityDate="2021-03-05T20:51:42.300" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23303" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23308" CreationDate="2021-03-08T14:35:41.447" Score="8" ViewCount="1449" Body="&lt;p&gt;In this passage from Dostoevsky's Adolescent, Arkady is getting worked up about a mistake his sister is supposedly making in Russian. I was wondering what plural их for singular его is about in the following excerpt:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;« — Лиза, я сегодня видел Васина, и он у меня про тебя спросил. Ты&#xA;знакома?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Да, в Луге, прошлого года, — совершенно просто ответила она, садясь&#xA;подле и ласково на меня посмотрев. (…) — Я их месяца три знала, —&#xA;прибавила Лиза.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Это ты про Васина говоришь их , Лиза? Надо сказать его , а не их .&#xA;Извини, сестра, что я поправляю, но мне горько, что воспитанием твоим,&#xA;кажется, совсем пренебрегли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— А при матери низко об этом замечать, с твоей стороны, — так и&#xA;вспыхнула Татьяна Павловна, — и врешь ты, вовсе не пренебрегли.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;— Ничего я и не говорю про мать, — резко вступился я, (…) Я только о&#xA;том негодую, что Версилов, услышав, что ты про Васина выговариваешь их&#xA;, а не его , наверно, не поправил бы тебя вовсе — до того он&#xA;высокомерен и равнодушен с нами. Вот что меня бесит! »&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12386" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-03-08T20:50:10.520" LastActivityDate="2021-03-09T13:46:49.367" Title="Why &quot;их&quot; instead of &quot;его&quot; in Dostoevsky's Adolescent?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;pronouns&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23304" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-08T15:53:50.440" Score="4" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;So the kind of situations I am thinking is in these kinds of contexts:&#xA;&amp;quot;How was that like for you to give a presentation in front of your class?&amp;quot;&#xA;&amp;quot;How is that like for you to be a parent?&amp;quot;&#xA;&amp;quot;How was that like for you to stand in line for so long?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or simply in a dialogue:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A:&lt;/strong&gt; Yesterday I saw my parents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B:&lt;/strong&gt; How was that like for you?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some things I thought of are:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Как это было для тебя?&amp;quot;&#xA;But I think it sounds weird and I believe one doesn't say such things in Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Что ты чувствовал...[when this or that happened]?&amp;quot;&#xA;or&#xA;&amp;quot;Как ты себя чувствовал?...[when this or that happened]?&amp;quot;&#xA;Is &amp;quot;what/how did you feel&amp;quot;. But &amp;quot;how was that like for you&amp;quot; feels more general, is not only about feelings, and gives more freedom to the person answering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;EDIT: some more explanations about &amp;quot;how is that like for you&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Maybe another wording for &amp;quot;how was that like for you&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;how was your experience&amp;quot;. Basically one is asking in a open way mainly about the internal experience of the person: what happened for you, how it happened for you, what did you feel, what did you think, what did you experience, etc. Meaning one wants to hear everything or anything about that event/situation, but more centered about the internal experience, felt sense, inner world of the person, rather than the external circumstances. Here I use the word &amp;quot;experience&amp;quot; as in &amp;quot;испытывать, чувствовать, переживать&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15572" LastEditorUserId="15572" LastEditDate="2021-03-08T18:58:09.143" LastActivityDate="2021-03-22T11:58:57.190" Title="&quot;How is that like for you?&quot; in Russian" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23307" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23304" CreationDate="2021-03-08T16:36:27.710" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Consider following example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A:&lt;/strong&gt; Вчера я повидался с моими родителями.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Б:&lt;/strong&gt; Ну и как [тебе / вы в итоге поговорили / ты себя по этому чувствуешь / всё прошло / всё было]?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Exactly like in English the phrase &amp;quot;how is that like for you?&amp;quot; actually, depending on actual event and context, has many meaning, &amp;quot;ну и как?&amp;quot; can mean a lot of things. It also can be followed with some clarification as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You can also use &amp;quot;ну и чего?&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;и как ты&amp;quot; etc. - there's a lot of combinations and, again, exactly like in English I doubt one can list them all.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You are also right that &amp;quot;Как это было для тебя?&amp;quot; sounds very unnatural, but one can say something like &lt;code&gt;ну и каково тебе было?&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-03-08T16:46:15.727" LastActivityDate="2021-03-08T16:46:15.727" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23308" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23303" CreationDate="2021-03-08T16:38:39.897" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian has the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E2%80%93V_distinction&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;T-V distinction&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means that you use the plural version of &amp;quot;you&amp;quot; (&lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt;) when addressing a person who is senior, superior, or just someone you're not too acquainted with.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This only works for the second person. If your are talking of someone in third person, you use the singular pronouns and verbs, even if you would have used &lt;em&gt;вы&lt;/em&gt; to address them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Liza is being hypercorrect and uses the polite plural form even in the third person.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is not the mainstream usage, even though it was used quite widely. Educated people were not supposed to talk like this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact, this pattern was commonly used as a literary device to convey the characters' laughable attempts at imitating the speech of the high class by many Russian writers, from Dostoyevsky to Chekhov to Zoschenko.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2021-03-08T16:38:39.897" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23310" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23313" CreationDate="2021-03-08T19:39:19.607" Score="3" ViewCount="123" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to know the conventional and/or colloquial way in Russian to express that one is reading up on a subject.  In English, to read up on/about something means to inform oneself about a subject through much reading and research; typically this refers to establishing or refreshing one's basic understanding of a subject. It also applies to multiple contexts (professional, academic, casual).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm reading up on popular chess openings (here, familiarizing oneself with)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;я ознакамливаюсь с шахматными дебютами&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm reading up about trunk paralysis, a disease specific to elephants.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;Я осведомляюсь о параличе хобота — болезнь поражающая исключительно слонов.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do these sound normal to a native speaker? Here are some other rough translations I could come up with, from most formal to least formal in register:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;я информирую себя о...&#xA;я пытаюсь разузнать о...&#xA;я захожу в тему чего-л.&#xA;?я начитиваюсь статей о?&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Are there any other common expressions I am missing?  How would a native speaker express that they are &amp;quot;reading up&amp;quot; on something?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="8501" LastEditorUserId="8501" LastEditDate="2021-03-08T20:09:15.290" LastActivityDate="2021-03-20T21:04:06.737" Title="&quot;Reading up&quot; on а subject" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;выражения&gt;&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23311" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-08T20:31:15.807" Score="3" ViewCount="265" Body="&lt;p&gt;The site Викисловарь indicates in the table of different forms of a noun when there is no plural form, such as the page for мясо. I noticed the tables on the pages for математика and физика include plural forms in a regular way (nothing unusual in their appearance like for мясо). This seems weird to me. Is there any reason that &amp;quot;математика&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;физика&amp;quot; would really be used in a plural form?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Describing different branches of math or physics does not involve putting the words &amp;quot;математика&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;физика&amp;quot; in plural, for example.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="62" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2021-03-08T20:42:20.313" LastActivityDate="2021-03-11T04:13:14.010" Title="Do there really exist plural forms for &quot;математика&quot; and &quot;физика&quot;?" Tags="&lt;множественное-число&gt;&lt;математика&gt;&lt;физика&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23312" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23311" CreationDate="2021-03-08T20:48:39.290" Score="6" Body="&lt;p&gt;The very fact that some noun has valid plural form doesn't mean that that plural is in active use. In practice it can be used quite rarely. Consider, for instance, &amp;quot;сметана&amp;quot; - we can construct a valid sentence with it, like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Меня удивило, что к столу подали самые разные сметаны - были тут жирные, густые, и такие, что по консистенции напоминали почти что молоко, и такие, что были практически как масло.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Will you encounter such usage in real life? Hardly. But that proves nothing.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are words for which even such artificial example is hard to come up with, they still do have valid plural, for instance, &amp;quot;ненависти&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;злобы&amp;quot; and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For &amp;quot;математика&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;физика&amp;quot;, however we are in that aspect closer to &amp;quot;сметана&amp;quot;. There are still cases where you can use it in plural, &lt;a href=&quot;http://studspace.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Math_as_culture.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;like in&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Конечно, сам факт существования разнообразных математик у различных народов ещё не означает того, что они совершенно не совпадают друг с другом, что они абсолютно разные.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;or&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Были созданы не только несколько физик, но и огромная свалка взаимоисключающих теорий.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, I believe you got the idea.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even more, speaking of these two particular words, there's another, way less philosophical context where one can use plural: those are school subjects, so you can easily hear something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;У нас сегодня отменили обе физики, потому что Ильинична заболела!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-03-09T13:28:04.037" LastActivityDate="2021-03-09T13:28:04.037" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23313" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23310" CreationDate="2021-03-08T23:18:36.020" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Осведомля́ться, ознака́мливаться, информи́ровать&lt;/strong&gt; are all very formal. It is impossible to &amp;quot;информи́ровать себя́&amp;quot; (I hereby inform myself... )&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Я чита́ю&amp;quot; is quite universal:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я чита́ю о параличе́ хо́бота у слоно́в.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or if you want to sound more casual:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я тут ко́е-что почи́тываю о слона́х.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the past:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я тут подначита́лся немно́го о слона́х. Ока́зывается, у них быва́ет парали́ч хо́бота.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You could also say something semi-ironic like &amp;quot;восполня́ю пробе́лы своего́ образова́ния в нау́ке о слона́х.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2021-03-09T12:44:56.043" LastActivityDate="2021-03-09T12:44:56.043" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23314" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23311" CreationDate="2021-03-09T13:28:29.603" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The answer is NO (for more like official speech). The example given by @Curiosity about &amp;quot;злобы и ненависти&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;simplified speech&amp;quot;, просторечие. You can talk like this with your family. But not with your business partner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But if you mean &amp;quot;two kinds of physics&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;two different approaches in physics&amp;quot;, you could say &amp;quot;две разные физики&amp;quot;. But that still is  &amp;quot;simplified speech&amp;quot;, просторечие. In more strict Russian, it will be exactly &amp;quot;два вида физики&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;два разных подхода в физике&amp;quot;. Singular form.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13162" LastEditorUserId="13162" LastEditDate="2021-03-09T14:04:51.030" LastActivityDate="2021-03-09T14:04:51.030" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23315" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23303" CreationDate="2021-03-09T13:39:51.980" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Dostoevsky lives centuries ago. His language style is unused now. If I say &amp;quot;их туфли&amp;quot; meaning ONE human, that means I grovel.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But we usually use &amp;quot;вы&amp;quot; talking to some senior, meaning &amp;quot;You are much more experienced than me, I really respect you&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13162" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-03-09T13:46:49.367" LastActivityDate="2021-03-09T13:46:49.367" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23316" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23311" CreationDate="2021-03-10T18:13:58.403" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;The plural forms really do exist and there is a reason for it. The usage of the words is not very common but if you compare completely different approaches to a similar problem, Newtonian mechanics to the Lagrangian one for example, and try to emphasize the fundamental difference between their basic principles then this is one of the common cases for the plural form of this kind of words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15554" LastActivityDate="2021-03-10T18:13:58.403" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23317" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23311" CreationDate="2021-03-11T04:01:08.047" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian, the words  &lt;em&gt;физика&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;математика&lt;/em&gt; are used in the names of the certain areas of physics and mathematics: &lt;em&gt;ядерная физика, физика твёрдого тела; дискретная математика&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is such a thing as &amp;quot;a physics&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;a mathematics&amp;quot; in Russian, if you will, and you can list them in a sentence:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Таким образом, в историческом споре ньютоновой и лагранжевой механик Вы приняли сторону последней&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Квантовая механика привела к созданию атомной и ядерной физик&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Но что же такое конкретная математика на самом деле? Это смесь континуальной и дискретной математик&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;From Rosenthal et al., &lt;em&gt;Современный русский язык&lt;/em&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если при имени существительном имеется несколько однородных определений, перечисляющих разновидности предметов, то определяемое существительное может стоять как в единственном, так и во множественном числе.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Форма множественного числа определяемого существительного подчеркивает наличие нескольких предметов, например: &lt;em&gt;немецкий и французский языки; филологический и исторический факультеты; старшая и младшая дочери&lt;/em&gt; и т.п.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the examples above, the different areas of physics and mathematics are emphatically distinct, so we put the words &lt;em&gt;физика&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;математика&lt;/em&gt; in plural.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2021-03-11T04:13:14.010" LastActivityDate="2021-03-11T04:13:14.010" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23319" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="9464" CreationDate="2021-03-12T16:22:10.237" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Difference between the two really does exist. It is a bit hard to describe but I will give you a couple of examples for a case where both options sound correct. It is not a strict rule but hope it will help you to get a hang of it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When you tell that something is &amp;quot;в снегу&amp;quot; then it means that the object is surrounded by the snow. It has some close relationship with the snow but it is not a part of the snow. Example: &amp;quot;У нас до конца марта деревья в негу стоят.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But when you say that something is &amp;quot;в снеге&amp;quot; then it means that the object is a part of the snow itself. It is generally used if the snow itself as a substance has some its properties because of the object in questions. Example: &amp;quot;В городском снеге всегда полно цементной пыли.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15554" LastEditorUserId="15554" LastEditDate="2021-03-12T16:51:01.783" LastActivityDate="2021-03-12T16:51:01.783" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23322" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23265" CreationDate="2021-03-14T21:41:30.607" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Как такое [происшествие] могло случиться в Соединённых Штатах?&amp;quot; The noun &amp;quot;событие&amp;quot; is dropped and should be inferred from the context. I this case &amp;quot;такое&amp;quot; is an adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &amp;quot;Какая машина нравится тебе? Мне - красная. А мне - синяя.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15596" LastActivityDate="2021-03-14T21:41:30.607" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23323" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23265" CreationDate="2021-03-17T00:55:34.547" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is an example of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominalization&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;nominalization&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is what happens when a part of speech other than a noun starts to act as a noun in sentences.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this particular case, &lt;em&gt;такое&lt;/em&gt; is a collective adjective: a nominalized adjective which denotes a class or a group of things which share the property described by the adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is common both in Russian: &lt;em&gt;мне идёт чёрное; не путай тёплое с мягким; подобное лечится подобным&lt;/em&gt; and in English: &amp;quot;Orange is the new black; eat fresh; think different&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, such adjectives are usually used in neuter singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Your phrase can be translated to English this way:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How could such happen in the United States?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which almost perfectly parallels the Russian construct.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2021-03-17T00:55:34.547" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23324" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23285" CreationDate="2021-03-18T18:43:14.157" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I live in Bryansk region and I've met a similar dialect near the border with Belarus. Maybe it has something to do with it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15612" LastActivityDate="2021-03-18T18:43:14.157" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23325" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-20T09:23:40.087" Score="5" ViewCount="349" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;COVID-19&lt;/a&gt; vaccine developed by  the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology is called &amp;quot;Спутник V&amp;quot;. Per &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;the English-language Wikipedia page&lt;/a&gt;, the &amp;quot;V&amp;quot; is the letter &amp;quot;V&amp;quot;, not the Roman numeral five. Apparently, even the original cyrillic spelling is &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_V&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Спутник V&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;, although &amp;quot;V&amp;quot; is not a letter of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language#Alphabet&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;cyrillic alphabet&lt;/a&gt;. I would rather have expected &amp;quot;Спутник В&amp;quot; (capital &amp;quot;в&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;вакцина&amp;quot;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why was a non-cyrillic letter used even in the original cyrillic name of the vaccine? Was this exclusively driven by marketing, for fear of the rest of the world mistaking a &amp;quot;в&amp;quot; for a (roman) &amp;quot;B&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a general rule in Russian about using Cyrillic or Latin letters for one letter brand or class names?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15619" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2021-03-20T16:08:22.790" LastActivityDate="2021-04-11T07:18:11.017" Title="Why is the COVID-19 vaccine called &quot;Спутник V&quot;, not &quot;Спутник В&quot;?" Tags="&lt;правописание&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="10" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23326" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23310" CreationDate="2021-03-20T21:04:06.737" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Я изучаю шахматные дебюты (проблему паралича хобота у слонов).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastActivityDate="2021-03-20T21:04:06.737" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23328" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-21T12:56:30.860" Score="3" ViewCount="402" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here's a dialog from &lt;a href=&quot;https://s00.yaplakal.com/pics/pics_original/1/2/4/14800421.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;a Japanese tutorial:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A:&lt;/strong&gt; Слушай, зай, принеси нам кофе, а?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B:&lt;/strong&gt; Сейчас всё брошу и побегу! Видишь, у меня фильм начинается.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Сейчас всё брошу и побегу!” is literally translated as &amp;quot;I will throw everything and run!&amp;quot; but I suppose that really it means something else and I have no idea what exactly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15621" LastEditorUserId="15621" LastEditDate="2021-03-21T13:50:41.123" LastActivityDate="2021-03-31T15:27:04.040" Title="What does &quot;Сейчас всё брошу и побегу!&quot; mean?" Tags="&lt;выражения&gt;" AnswerCount="6" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23329" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1734" CreationDate="2021-03-21T13:47:39.200" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Да&amp;quot; in this case dosn't mean &amp;quot;Yes!&amp;quot;: it's just an exclamation, like here &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D0%B0#Conjunction_5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/да#Conjunction_5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So &amp;quot;Да нет&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;No&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15621" LastActivityDate="2021-03-21T13:47:39.200" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23330" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23328" CreationDate="2021-03-21T17:29:16.520" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here &amp;quot;все брошу&amp;quot; would be better translated &amp;quot;I'll drop everything&amp;quot;. While &amp;quot;бросать&amp;quot; does mean &amp;quot;to throw&amp;quot; it doesn't necessarily mean to throw like one would a ball. It often is used in senses closer to &amp;quot;throw away&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;drop&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;get rid of&amp;quot;, or &amp;quot;leave&amp;quot;. Here it is used metaphorically to mean to suddenly abandon an uncompleted activity as if one dropped the materials on the ground and left.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I suspect the utterance is this dialog is sarcastic. I would translate as:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sure, I'll just drop everything and run off and get that. `Cause you know my movie is about to start.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The motion verb &amp;quot;побежать&amp;quot; means to set off running. It is often used to mean that the person is leaving suddenly to do something such as answer the phone or stop children from doing something bad.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="4753" LastEditorUserId="4753" LastEditDate="2021-03-23T15:02:49.397" LastActivityDate="2021-03-23T15:02:49.397" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23332" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="1993" CreationDate="2021-03-22T01:42:06.647" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Your impression is right: it is not the same sound as и, and does not even sound similar.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I pronounce this sound in an exaggerated way (as if showing the correct pronunciation to foreign learners: ЫЫЫЫ, or when saying the letter name &amp;quot;ы&amp;quot;), I:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;pull my tongue back,&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;pull the corners of my lips as when snarling (without moving the upper lip up though:))&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;keep my upper and lower teeth close enough (closer than when saying /o/ or /u/)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All of this is uncomfortable, particularly, pulling lips. It is the least comfortable sound in Russian. Snarling is a good description of it:)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I pronounce a stressed ы within a word, I&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;pull my tongue back, but less forcefully&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;do not do anything to my lips (and &lt;em&gt;do not&lt;/em&gt; round them, as I would have done for /u/)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;still keep my teeth close enough&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I pronounce an unstressed ы... Well, unstressed sounds are reduced. So it is a shorter and more relaxed ы, not too different (but still different) from a short and relaxed э.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The combinations гы, хы, кы take an effort to pronounce, maybe because the place where your tongue gets close to the mouth roof is slightly &lt;em&gt;behind&lt;/em&gt; the place of /k/. /k/ is back enough, pulling your tongue further back after this can be hard.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In plurals they are replaced with и: сапог - сапоги. These combinations do not occur in Russian words, only in representation of evil goblin laughter in writing (гы-гы-гы) and in an interjection кыш, used to tell small animals (cats or birds) to get away from, say, your table. You can find them in transcriptions of foreign words though. These combinations sound ugly.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If you ever tried Arabic, /i/ after /q/ (but not /k/) as in &lt;em&gt;qiṭṭ&lt;/em&gt;, &amp;quot;cat&amp;quot;, sounds a bit similar because /q/ is exactly behind /k/.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15620" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2021-04-09T09:30:09.947" LastActivityDate="2021-04-09T09:30:09.947" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23333" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23304" CreationDate="2021-03-22T11:58:57.190" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;How was that like for you to give a presentation in front of your class?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Как прошла презентация?&amp;quot; - literally &amp;quot;How the presentation passed?&amp;quot; - the only correct way you asks. It also asks for &amp;quot;feelings&amp;quot; if you make a correct intonation, not just asking on the run.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How is that like for you to be a parent?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Как тебе отцовство?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;How was that like for you to stand in line for so long?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;If there is a negative aspect of standing in the line and you also think the same way, then you may ask:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Как тебе очередь?&amp;quot; - literally &amp;quot;What do you think about that queue?&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or you may make a joke - &amp;quot;Ну что? Постоял? =)&amp;quot; (So, what? Have you finished standing? =)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15624" LastActivityDate="2021-03-22T11:58:57.190" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23334" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23265" CreationDate="2021-03-22T12:04:31.147" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's translated as &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;How that can happen?&amp;quot;.&lt;/strong&gt; &amp;quot;такое=that&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15624" LastActivityDate="2021-03-22T12:04:31.147" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23335" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23256" CreationDate="2021-03-22T12:09:34.143" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Here are handwritten examples of both.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/szPVX.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/szPVX.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15624" LastEditorUserId="1688" LastEditDate="2021-03-22T23:50:35.080" LastActivityDate="2021-03-22T23:50:35.080" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23336" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23251" CreationDate="2021-03-22T12:14:52.900" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it should be &amp;quot;перешеек&amp;quot; (isthmus).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15624" LastActivityDate="2021-03-22T12:14:52.900" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23337" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23115" CreationDate="2021-03-22T12:25:57.950" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;It can be translated as &amp;quot;вертикальная компонента вектора v&amp;quot; but only in context of projection.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15624" LastActivityDate="2021-03-22T12:25:57.950" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23338" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23328" CreationDate="2021-03-22T13:43:01.387" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Сейчас всё брошу и побегу&amp;quot; означает:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Мне что, делать нечего?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Сам справишься.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я вам не официантка.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Вот сам встал и принёс. Мне с сахаром.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты не охренел, парниша?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14761" LastActivityDate="2021-03-22T13:43:01.387" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23339" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23328" CreationDate="2021-03-24T06:28:52.203" Score="2" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What does “Сейчас всё брошу и побегу!” mean?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When person A sarcastically responds &lt;em&gt;«Сейчас всё брошу и побегу!»&lt;/em&gt; to B's request, it means that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A has negative emotions towards either B and/or B's request; A could be annoyed, feel underappreciated or disrespected.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A implies that he/she has no intention to fulfill B's request, commonly on the ground of being busy or having better things to do at the moment.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is rather unlikely, but still possible that there is no meaning-reversing sarcasm in that phrase. E.g. a boss can say &lt;em&gt;«Так, бросили всё и бегoм на медосмотр!»&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;We know it's not the case as A mentioned that the movie is about to start, but if it were A would mean that&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; going to stop doing anything else and hurry up to work on B's request right now.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;“Сейчас всё брошу и побегу!” is literally translated as &amp;quot;I will throw everything and run!&amp;quot; but I suppose that really it means something else&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Translation (as usual) heavily depends on the context and translator's goals. As a translator you have to prioritize multiple things like&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;making sure your audience understands the meaning to a good extent&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;preserving original phrasing, idioms, and cultural references&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;preserving multiple meanings when relevant&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;matching the level of sarcasm and irony&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;matching the register&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;matching usage frequency of words and expressions&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;matching the use of jargon words&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;etc etc&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The choice would be influenced by the expected reader audience familiarity with expressions, understanding the original culture and cross-cultural differences. E.g. if you need to simplify to the maximum, a translation can indeed be&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You're kidding, right?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Though this is a bit too far from the original: the reverse translation will turn &lt;em&gt;«Сейчас всё брошу и побегу!»&lt;/em&gt; into &lt;em&gt;«Ты, конечно же, шутишь?»&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can try to preserve the original wording and pick closer idioms. However &lt;em&gt;и побегу&lt;/em&gt; part implies too much and has a slim chance to survive the translation undamaged without becoming too vague and/or clumsy. I'd probably go with something along these options&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Right, like I gonna &lt;a href=&quot;https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/drop+everything&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;drop everything&lt;/a&gt; and get your coffee!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Oi! As if I gonna drop everything and fetch that!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;&lt;em&gt;Oh, should I just drop everything and do as you say?!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5600" LastActivityDate="2021-03-24T06:28:52.203" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23340" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23225" CreationDate="2021-03-24T09:50:24.180" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;There are also ways of using these prepositions in cant discourses. I.e. &amp;quot;пойти на хату&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;to go home&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;войти в хату&amp;quot; means (in a thieves' cant) &amp;quot;to enter a cell&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;прыгнуть в кухню&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;to enter a kitchen&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;я на магазине&amp;quot; conveys the idea of my being &amp;quot;in a shop&amp;quot; as well as &amp;quot;by a shop&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;У меня в кухне завелась мышь&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;У меня на кухне завелась мышь&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When there is the idea of application of professional activities the preference would be for &amp;quot;на кухне&amp;quot;: Я работаю в ресторане на кухне (I work at the kitchen in a restaurant).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="12275" LastEditDate="2021-03-24T11:40:40.013" LastActivityDate="2021-03-24T11:40:40.013" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23342" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="17148" CreationDate="2021-03-24T12:36:03.337" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Например, хороший кофе! А когда выпил, то тебе хорошо&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15633" LastActivityDate="2021-03-24T12:36:03.337" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23343" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23328" CreationDate="2021-03-25T07:12:18.410" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Братуха, имеется ввиду что &amp;quot;ага заняться мне больше нечем&amp;quot;when russian say &amp;quot;сейчас всё брошу и побегу&amp;quot; he thinks f#ck you&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15644" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T07:12:18.410" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23344" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="13979" CreationDate="2021-03-25T16:02:31.220" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is a very minor difference in meaning of the words. You say &amp;quot;вернуться&amp;quot; when you just mean that you went back to a place you have left some time before. You may want to say &amp;quot;возвратиться&amp;quot; to emphasize that the way back was especially hard to organize or it was especially annoying to have to return or that many people had to return at the same time. But the shade of meaning is so diminished now that some people may not even feel it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15554" LastActivityDate="2021-03-25T16:02:31.220" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23345" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23328" CreationDate="2021-03-25T22:20:15.813" Score="0" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Listen, bun, would you fetch us some coffee?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;That isn't even up for discussion!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Not if you paid me!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Like the hell I will!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Fat chance!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Nuts to you!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Not on your life!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Don't hold your breath!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;A fat lot will I do it!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Don't you see my film starting?!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="12275" LastEditDate="2021-03-26T23:08:05.410" LastActivityDate="2021-03-26T23:08:05.410" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23347" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-28T17:10:03.090" Score="3" ViewCount="149" Body="&lt;p&gt;How to say things like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я вижу... дитя, лицо (в значении &amp;quot;человек&amp;quot;), животное, насекомое, млекопитающее, существо (&amp;quot;живой организм&amp;quot;), чудище, чудовище, страшилище...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Do they stay the same or do we need to change them?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15668" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2021-03-28T21:34:11.580" LastActivityDate="2021-03-28T21:34:11.580" Title="How to decline animate neuter nouns in the accusative case?" Tags="&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23349" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23347" CreationDate="2021-03-28T20:21:48.607" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;As you might know, the Accusative of masculine (second declension) nouns depends on animacy: it is the same as Genitive for animate nouns and Nominative for inanimate:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вижу тигра, тигров (animate)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вижу стол, столы (inanimate)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Neuter nouns follow the same rule in the plural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вижу животных, насекомых, чудищ, детей, лиц (animate)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вижу облака, окна, лёгкие (inanimate)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, in the singular, Accusative always equals Nominative for neuter nouns, regardless of animacy:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;вижу дитя, чадо, животное, чудище, лицо, облако, лёгкое.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When in doubt, double-check yourself using this online declension tool:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://morpher.ru?s=%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://morpher.ru?s=животное&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2021-03-28T20:21:48.607" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23350" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-29T18:52:09.210" Score="3" ViewCount="277" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am puzzled by the fact that while most earlier usage of лихой have distinctly negative connotations (лиходей, лихой человек is most certainly a villain, лихие времена - bad times, лихоимство - deeds related to extortion, blackmail or racket, лихорадка - fever), more recent meanings seem to be much more at the positive side, like лихость - bravery, dare, лихой скакун - something like dashing charger, or bold steed, &amp;quot;Лихо!&amp;quot; - &amp;quot;Cool!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Does anybody know how this drastic shift of meaning occurred? Or I am wrong and these polar meanings existed from the beginning? If yes, how to explain this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="3949" LastEditorUserId="3949" LastEditDate="2021-04-02T12:08:18.943" LastActivityDate="2021-04-17T05:39:58.323" Title="How to explain two almost opposite meanings of &quot;лихой&quot;" Tags="&lt;значения&gt;&lt;этимология&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23351" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23350" CreationDate="2021-03-29T22:27:07.797" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lexicography.online/etymology/%D0%BB/%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9#:%7E:text=%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%20%E2%80%94%20%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8A.,%C2%AB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%C2%BB%2C%20%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%C2%BB.&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Происхождение слова &amp;quot;лихой&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Этимологический онлайн-словарь Шанского Н. М. приводит два направления развития значений этого слова:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Лихо́й&lt;/strong&gt;. Общеслав. Того же корня, что греч. &lt;em&gt;leiksanon&lt;/em&gt; «остаток». Суф. производное (суф. &lt;em&gt;-s-&lt;/em&gt;) от *leik- «оставлять» (см. &lt;a href=&quot;https://lexicography.online/etymology/%D0%BB/%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;лишний&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Исходно — «лишний, обильный» &amp;gt; «хороший» &amp;gt; «смелый, удалой» и т. д., с одной стороны, и «лишний, обильный» &amp;gt; «нечетный» &amp;gt; «нежелательный» (в отличие от четного числа) &amp;gt; «несчастный, плохой, злой».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7386" LastActivityDate="2021-03-29T22:27:07.797" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23352" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23350" CreationDate="2021-03-29T23:27:06.570" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;The original meaning of the etymon was &amp;quot;excess, surplus&amp;quot;. It is related to the words &lt;em&gt;лишний&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;excess, spare&amp;quot; and &lt;em&gt;лихва&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;loan interest&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A word meaning &amp;quot;spare, excess&amp;quot; is a common metaphor for &amp;quot;evil, bad&amp;quot;. Compare the French word &lt;em&gt;excès&lt;/em&gt;, literally &amp;quot;excess&amp;quot;, which also means &amp;quot;an outburst, something done out of boundaries&amp;quot;, which is also the source for the Russian word &lt;em&gt;эксцесс&lt;/em&gt;. Also compare English &amp;quot;odd&amp;quot; that also means &amp;quot;strange, eccentric&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The meaning of &amp;quot;dashing, audacious&amp;quot; is most probably secondary and derived from &amp;quot;evil&amp;quot;, similar how &lt;em&gt;злой до работы&lt;/em&gt; means &amp;quot;eager to work&amp;quot;, but I could not find any confirmation for this.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2021-03-29T23:27:06.570" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23353" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23350" CreationDate="2021-03-30T19:43:27.297" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because if a man is aggressive it is sexually attractive to women (especially, Russian ones). Thus, something bad for the victim is good for the sexual partner.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2021-03-30T19:43:27.297" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23354" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-31T01:14:10.870" Score="-1" ViewCount="168" Body="&lt;p&gt;In English and French, words are often times &amp;quot;cut&amp;quot; when spoken. For example, in English we might say &amp;quot;Watcha doin'&amp;quot; instead of &amp;quot;What are you doing&amp;quot;. Likewise, in French we often cut the words. For instance &amp;quot;peut-être&amp;quot; becomes p'têt, or the &amp;quot;re&amp;quot; sound &amp;quot;notre&amp;quot; is often dropped when spoken so that we just say something sounding like &amp;quot;note&amp;quot;. In addition, French has liasons.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My question is: are there any significant differences between spoken and written Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am considering learning Russian but wanted to clarify that before I begin.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When I learned French, I had the most trouble with listening skills. In general I like to learn vocabulary and grammar. I wouldn't mind having to learn those things for Russian (even the notorious case system), but before I embark on the long journey of learning Russian I would like to know what to expect when it comes to any differences between spoken and written Russian.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15678" LastActivityDate="2021-03-31T07:37:30.663" Title="Spoken versus written Russian" Tags="&lt;vocabulary&gt;&lt;алфавит&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23355" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23354" CreationDate="2021-03-31T02:17:19.753" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Драсьте!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an approximated rendition of the Russian word &lt;em&gt;здравствуйте&lt;/em&gt;, &amp;quot;hello&amp;quot;. If you count the letters, you may get an idea of how far off can the elided forms of some words be.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is true for most commonly used polite words like &lt;em&gt;спасибо&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;thanks&amp;quot;, &lt;em&gt;пожалуйста&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;please&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;you're welcome&amp;quot; etc. They are very prone to elision.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another distinctive feature of Russian is the vowel reduction. It means that most vowels not under stress are less articulated and reduced to a brief schwa or &lt;em&gt;i&lt;/em&gt;. This is not reflected in writing. There is a similar thing in French as well, although Russian does not go as far as French does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Finally, Russian has some scary consonant clusters, but the consonants in clusters are usually not articulated well either, and sometimes are interspersed with vowels that are omitted in writing. This might take some getting used to as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In general, Russian orthography is based on the so-called &amp;quot;historical morphological principle&amp;quot;. This means that Russian orthography tries to use the same letters for the same phonemes, and, in case of doubt, reverts to etymology. The allophones of these phonemes (sounds that you actually make when speaking) might differ a lot.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="7386" LastEditDate="2021-03-31T07:37:30.663" LastActivityDate="2021-03-31T07:37:30.663" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23356" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-31T05:28:13.833" Score="-1" ViewCount="79" Body="&lt;p&gt;How do you say...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;This book is difficult to read.&#xA;This book is difficult for me to read.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15410" LastActivityDate="2021-03-31T07:29:12.277" Title="How do you say this in russian?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2021-03-31T10:56:53.807" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23357" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23356" CreationDate="2021-03-31T07:29:12.277" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Эту книгу трудно читать. Мне трудно читать эту книгу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2021-03-31T07:29:12.277" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23358" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-03-31T10:15:28.483" Score="2" ViewCount="1812" Body="&lt;p&gt;As far as I know, it is a neutral word in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Jew#Translations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;some&lt;/a&gt; Slavic languages, and it was legal in Russian before the Russian Revolution. However, now, it's completely illegal and, thus, Russians utter it only to offend others, especially Jews.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15680" LastEditorUserId="7395" LastEditDate="2021-04-01T13:33:38.183" LastActivityDate="2021-04-02T09:45:16.927" Title="Why has the word Жид (Jew) become a taboo in Russian?" Tags="&lt;russian-usage&gt;&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="4" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23359" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23358" CreationDate="2021-03-31T10:53:27.727" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a rule you just can not ask question like &amp;quot;why some words has changed their meaning&amp;quot;. Well, you can but quite often we just can not say why. Just like phonetic changes, semantical shifts happen all the time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some cases though we do have answer. Why in English the N-word become a racial slur - well, for two reasons. First, &lt;strong&gt;it had some racial slur connotation from the very beginning&lt;/strong&gt;. Second, the black &lt;strong&gt;community itself persistently and unambiguously insists&lt;/strong&gt; that they should not be addressed with this word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Historically, exactly for the same reasons we consider &amp;quot;жид&amp;quot; an ethnic slur nowadays. Indeed, nouns &amp;quot;жид&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;жидовинъ&amp;quot;, adjective &amp;quot;жидовский&amp;quot; were initially just a regular ethnonym. However, the very first evidence we have that this word was in a negative sense backs down to XIIth century. I don't want do dive in into the history of European antisemitism - it's a very complicated topic, however in short - in quickly christianised Europe Jews were the only noticeable minority that stood out. That said, initially the negative connotation was of being &amp;quot;heretic&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;misbeliever&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Throughout the centuries this negatively charged meaning associated with certain ethnicity prevailed and already at the end of XVIII century we have an evidence that Jewish community was not OK with this. They've directly asked Catherine the Great, the Empress of Russia, not to use word &amp;quot;жид&amp;quot; in official documents. Catherine the Great declared that the words &amp;quot;еврей&amp;quot; / &amp;quot;евреи&amp;quot; should be used instead. From that moment we can say that this word, being out of official usage continue to move by the trajectory towards complete marginalisation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;To the end of XIXth century its usage was an indicator of one's political views. Conservative nationalists (not to say extreme right-wingers) used &amp;quot;жид&amp;quot;, the rest used &amp;quot;еврей&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;This wiki article&lt;/a&gt; covers this topic well. As of other Slavic languages - see, they have their own history but in one thing you are actually wrong - it's an issue of ongoing discussion some Slavic communities as well whether it's fine to use this words. Because let's be honest, they were marred with this negative connotations as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2021-03-31T19:19:32.497" LastActivityDate="2021-03-31T19:19:32.497" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23360" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23328" CreationDate="2021-03-31T15:15:00.067" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literal translation would be completely meaningless here. A better somewhat direct translation would be something like &amp;quot;I will stop whatever I am doing now and get going for it&amp;quot;. But this is a sarcasm of course and it should not be translated directly. You should try to create a new sentence with as much close of a meaning as possible in your language. What is best to choose heavily depends on the context and on the translator itself and his awareness of traditions of the speakers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And always remember that languages are not precise science. You can not completely depend on rules and dictionaries. They are just rough guidelines created to make it easier for you to start feeling the vibe of it. For Russian it is especially true.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15554" LastEditorUserId="15554" LastEditDate="2021-03-31T15:27:04.040" LastActivityDate="2021-03-31T15:27:04.040" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23362" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15092" CreationDate="2021-04-01T06:01:04.313" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Bochka,bass,kolbasior.&#xA;1 Bochka repreesent amphetamine/cocaine etc.&#xA;2 BASS - no need of explonation&#xA;3 Kolbasion means PENIS&#xA;lol&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15689" LastActivityDate="2021-04-01T06:01:04.313" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23363" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20874" CreationDate="2021-04-01T09:48:59.743" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Because Germans were national-&lt;strong&gt;socialists&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;&lt;br&gt;&#xA;Russians are socialists too. E.g. Russian &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;РСДРП&amp;quot;(Russian Social Democratic Labour Party)&lt;/a&gt; it is practically German &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Party&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;NSDAP&amp;quot;(National Socialist German Workers' Party)&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In fact Soviet Union was an fascistic &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporatism&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;corporate state&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;. E.g. soviet &amp;quot;trade unions&amp;quot; was nothing wore than fascistic &amp;quot;corporations&amp;quot;: «профсоюзы – приводные ремни партии к массам»&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So because during Soviet-Nazi war Soviets became &lt;strong&gt;national&lt;/strong&gt;-socialists too: they completely forgot that Germans &amp;quot;are proletarians too&amp;quot;, and explicitly stated &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE!&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Kill &lt;em&gt;a German&lt;/em&gt; not &amp;quot;a capitalist&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; -- Russians call Germans &amp;quot;fascists&amp;quot;. As well as everyone they want to murder... E.g. if you are using latin alphabet you are &amp;quot;fascists&amp;quot;: &lt;a href=&quot;https://lenta.ru/articles/2004/11/16/language/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://lenta.ru/articles/2004/11/16/language/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15621" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-04-01T10:15:24.910" LastActivityDate="2021-04-01T10:15:24.910" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23364" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23325" CreationDate="2021-04-01T10:11:35.330" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;May be it symbolizes victory. In Russian &amp;quot;s Putinim&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;with Putin&amp;quot;, so the whole name may mean &amp;quot;victory with Putin&amp;quot;. Also, notice that Putin has the two other his initials V.V. So, it can be read &amp;quot;s Putinim V.&amp;quot; (with Putin V.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2021-04-01T11:12:51.273" LastActivityDate="2021-04-01T11:12:51.273" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23365" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23358" CreationDate="2021-04-01T10:23:22.373" Score="-5" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think a contributing factor is that the word for liquid in Russian is жидкость, which otherwise morphologically would form a perfect adjective from жид. So, жид sounds like someone of &amp;quot;liquid&amp;quot; consistence. Maybe, with &amp;quot;liquid&amp;quot;, cowardly, not strong character, liquid principles and values, someone who can pour through holes, maybe sticky, etc. The word жижа even means very viscous, muddy, unpleasant, repelling liquid.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A development of this meaning is the adjective жидкий meaning &amp;quot;of low consistence, diluted&amp;quot;, when speaking about, say, soup, facial hair or forest.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, the word прожидь (literally, the bald spot) is figuratively referred to a person who has some Jewish ancestry. &amp;quot;Он с прожидью&amp;quot; literally means &amp;quot;he has a bald spot&amp;quot; but in usage currently almost universally understood as &amp;quot;he has some Jewish ancestry&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Another contributing factor is the word живность (with the root жи-), literally &amp;quot;the liveness&amp;quot; which is negative word regarding a mass of animals, which are difficult to tell apart, often, insects or worms.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2021-04-01T10:51:06.523" LastActivityDate="2021-04-01T10:51:06.523" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23367" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23350" CreationDate="2021-04-01T12:38:21.843" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to add to the Quassnoi's answer that excessiveness can sometimes be bad and sometimes be good. I can't agree that 'лихость' can be translated as 'bravery' or 'dare'. Of the words you mentioned I find 'dashing' and 'bold' much closer to an idea rendered by a word 'лихой'. Bravery is a virtue and can't be excessive. One can be excessively bold, though.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So adverb 'лихо' may have positive or negative connotation depending on the context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5189" LastActivityDate="2021-04-01T12:38:21.843" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23368" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23358" CreationDate="2021-04-01T18:11:47.283" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Жид&amp;quot; now is about the same as &amp;quot;Хач&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Чурка&amp;quot; (I'm not saying &amp;quot;the same meaning&amp;quot; but the same purpose - to express abusive attitude to a group of people who are associated with religious, national or just external signs).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I'm sure though in the very beginning &amp;quot;Жид&amp;quot; was acceptable word. You can read enough about it &lt;a href=&quot;https://toldot.ru/urava/ask/urava_5705.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; (btw the answer to your question lies there too) (the language source is Russian).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But now it's more about negative emotional color that russians give to this words. Now you barely will hear someone saying &amp;quot;Жид&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Хач&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Чурка&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;good&amp;quot; intentions. We fill these words with disdain and sometimes even hate.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Why? It's all because of stereotypes. Some jews did or doing something we declare wrong (e.g. love money and own culture more than other people and nations' or religions' interests).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Surely it's a very stupid. 1) Many people behave same way and it's not about religion. 2) One's human's mistake is not occasion to hang a label to a great amount of people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But it's an easy way for ignorant people to make their &amp;quot;fast decisions&amp;quot;. And it can happen that even educated person can say &amp;quot;Жид&amp;quot; if any jew offended him or caused a trouble.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Total. Russians began to use this word to express their anger and lately it became &amp;quot;forbidden&amp;quot;. It's all because language is a live substance and only we, people, deciding the meaning of every word.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15463" LastEditorUserId="15463" LastEditDate="2021-04-02T09:45:16.927" LastActivityDate="2021-04-02T09:45:16.927" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23369" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23358" CreationDate="2021-04-02T08:48:27.073" Score="-4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Not in &amp;quot;some&amp;quot; Slavic languages but practically in all of them. As I know Bulgarian is the only exception: they use the word &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%82&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;чифут&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; (Jew from Turkic) as offensive and the word &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;евреин&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt; (Hebrew) as neutral, but as I understand the word &amp;quot;жид&amp;quot; (Jew) &lt;a href=&quot;https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B4&amp;amp;redirect=no&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;is not tabooed.&lt;/a&gt; In opposite to Bulgarian &amp;quot;чифут&amp;quot;, Turkic &amp;quot;Çufut&amp;quot; (which is the same word) is neutral: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chufut-Kale&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chufut-Kale&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The word &amp;quot;Жид&amp;quot; is also used in Church Slavonic which is based on Old Bulgarian: &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Въ си же времена родисѧ Моисѣй &lt;strong&gt;въ жидехъ&lt;/strong&gt;, и рѣша волъсви егѵпетьстии цесарю, ѧко «родилъсѧ есть дѣтищь &lt;strong&gt;въ жидохъ&lt;/strong&gt;, иже хощеть погубити Егѵпетъ». Ту абье повелѣ цесарь ражающаѧсѧ &lt;strong&gt;дѣти жидовьскыѧ&lt;/strong&gt; вмѣтати въ рѣку.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Jew#Translations&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the mentioned list&lt;/a&gt; is noticing Belarusian &amp;quot;жыд&amp;quot; as &amp;quot;now abusive&amp;quot; but now Russian language completely dominates in Belarusia. Even official Belarusian orthography was created only to &amp;quot;correct&amp;quot; Belarusian to make it a sort of a local Russian dialect.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Ukraine the word &amp;quot;жид&amp;quot; is officially stated as not tabooed, but because of Russian influence it might be considered and used as offensive, which is more typical for more russified &amp;quot;Main Ukraine&amp;quot; and less typical for less russified Western Ukraine. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemkos&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Lemkos&lt;/a&gt;, a Ukrainian ethnic group that lives mostly abroad, use the word &amp;quot;жыд&amp;quot; as the only name for Jews. Noteworthy that people who think that the word &amp;quot;Жид&amp;quot; must be complete taboo in Ukrainian as in Russian, don't like Ukrainian word &amp;quot;Гебрей&amp;quot;(Hebrew) either. They think that the only appropriate word in &amp;quot;єврей&amp;quot; as in Russian, and in the same time they don't opposite to such words as &amp;quot;гебраізм&amp;quot;(Hebraism) or &amp;quot;гебраистика&amp;quot;(Hebraistics) because they are Russian terms as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Common idea of the first decade after Russian revolution was &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korenizatsiya&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;nationalisation&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;, because soviets wanted to disorganise anticolonial forces. (It is even &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Freedom Square&lt;/a&gt; in the capital of Republic of Tatarstan, which is quite untypical for soviet and Russian toponymics) Due to linguistics it meant that common trend was to name nations according to their self-names. E.g. a lot of nations was called &amp;quot;Tatars&amp;quot;, but if they had other self-name (as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijanis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Azeris&lt;/a&gt;, for example) they were renamed. Also Ukrainians were called &amp;quot;Little Russians&amp;quot; (while Russians were called &amp;quot;Great Russians&amp;quot;) and then were renamed to Ukrainians which was quite nationalistic that time because traditional Ukrainian self-name is Ruthenians. BTW Russian self-name &amp;quot;русские&amp;quot; is quite strange for Russian language because it is an adjective while other nations are nouns, and that extra &amp;quot;c&amp;quot; (рус&lt;strong&gt;с&lt;/strong&gt;кие) is grammatically incorrect also. It could be compared to &amp;quot;донецкие&amp;quot;(of Donetsk) which means &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donetsk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Donetsk&lt;/a&gt; mafia vs &amp;quot;донетчане&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;дончане&amp;quot;(Donetskians) which means &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donetsk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Donetsk&lt;/a&gt; dwellers.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Gypsies wasn't renamed. As I know they were considered as refugees without citizenship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Name &amp;quot;мордва&amp;quot; is offencive name for Mokshans and Erzyans but it remained as republic's name: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordovia&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordovia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Despite &amp;quot;евреи&amp;quot; wasn't self-name of that time mostly Yiddish-speaking Jews, they were renamed. Maybe soviets wanted to show that they are not that &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;extreme right-wingers&lt;/a&gt;. But after that &amp;quot;decade of nationalisation&amp;quot; it became highly not recommended to be a Jew in soviet union... Especially after establishing of Israel despite soviet union helped it for some time, against British Empire as I understand. BTW till recent Yiddish was an official language in Russian Federation &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Autonomous_Oblast&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Autonomous_Oblast&lt;/a&gt; &lt;strong&gt;but Hebrew was criminalised in soviet time!&lt;/strong&gt; So Russians called Jews &amp;quot;Hebrews&amp;quot; but could imprison you for learning Hebrew...&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the the word &amp;quot;Jew&amp;quot; is like the word &amp;quot;Gypsy&amp;quot;: historically it might have negative connotations but it is neutral word by itself, e.g. Slavic &amp;quot;жид&amp;quot; is in fact just other pronunciation of Yiddish &amp;quot;yid&amp;quot;!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;IMHO In Russian language it should be &amp;quot;евреи&amp;quot; (Hebrews) as in &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%82#Greek%60%60%60&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Greek&lt;/a&gt; but it should not mean that &amp;quot;жид&amp;quot; (Jew) in other languages is anisemitic.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15621" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2021-04-02T09:28:29.817" LastActivityDate="2021-04-02T09:28:29.817" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23372" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23373" CreationDate="2021-04-02T13:41:43.197" Score="19" ViewCount="3535" Body="&lt;p&gt;Some examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&quot;s-table-container&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;table class=&quot;s-table&quot;&gt;&#xA;&lt;thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Dutch&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;Russian&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;th&gt;English&lt;/th&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/thead&gt;&#xA;&lt;tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;appelsien&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;апельсин&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;orange&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;broek&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;брюки&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;pants&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;dam&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;дамба&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;dam&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;jacht&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;яхта&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;yacht&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;kajuit&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;каюта&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;cabin&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;matroos&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;матрос&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;sailor&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;meubel&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;мебель&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;furniture&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;paprika&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;паприка&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;pepper&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;rugzak&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;рюкзак&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;backpack&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;stoel&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;стул&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;chair&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;storm&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;шторм&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;storm&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;straf&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;штраф&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;fine&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;stuurman&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;штурман&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;helmsman&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;vlaggenstok&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;флагшток&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;td&gt;flagstaff&lt;/td&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tr&gt;&#xA;&lt;/tbody&gt;&#xA;&lt;/table&gt;&#xA;&lt;/div&gt;" OwnerDisplayName="user15699" LastEditorUserId="12617" LastEditDate="2021-04-03T10:29:52.267" LastActivityDate="2021-04-10T23:42:16.487" Title="Why are there so many Dutch words that sound similar to Russian words?" Tags="&lt;история-языка&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="12" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23373" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23372" CreationDate="2021-04-02T13:46:43.847" Score="28" Body="&lt;p&gt;The first Russian Emperor Peter I actually studied in what is modern-day Netherlands and was very inspired among other things, by the navy. Coming back to Russia he initiated the creation of the Russian naval fleet (&amp;quot;флот&amp;quot; is also a Dutch word by the way) - for the lack of local naval specialists, some foreign specialists had been hired. Also, a noticeable amount of Russian students went to study in the Netherlands.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Just as nowadays, originally-English terminology prevails in Russian IT slang, Dutch words found their way into nautical terminology. For example:&#xA;боцман      bootsman;&#xA;буй     boei;&#xA;ванты       vant;&#xA;вахта       wacht;&#xA;верфь       werf;&#xA;вымпел      wimpel;&#xA;гавань      haven (Dutch, not English);&#xA;дрейф       drijven;&#xA;зюйд        zuiden;&#xA;камбуз      kombuis;&#xA;киль        kiel;&#xA;кильватер   kielwater;&#xA;кок     kok;&#xA;лоцман      loodsman;&#xA;мачта       mast (Dutch, not English);&#xA;норд        noord;&#xA;ост     oost;&#xA;рейд (anchorage)    reede;&#xA;рупор       roeper;&#xA;трюм        truim;&#xA;швартов     zwaartouw;&#xA;шкив        schijf;&#xA;шлюп(ка)    sloep;&#xA;штурвал     stuurwiel;&#xA;фарватер    vaarwater;&#xA;флагшток    vlagstok;&#xA;and various other more obscure or specialized words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At the beginning of the 18th century, the Netherlands was one of the most noticeable foreign influences in the Russian court, hence other terminology (not necessarily maritime) was adopted as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, as a side-note, some of the words you've mentioned were actually adopted from German as far as I know, but the mix-up is totally understandable ;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="-1" LastEditDate="2021-04-10T23:42:16.487" LastActivityDate="2021-04-10T23:42:16.487" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23377" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23372" CreationDate="2021-04-03T00:06:17.643" Score="5" Body="&lt;p&gt;Actually at least some of them seem to be coming from German.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;While e.g. Möbel (furniture) or Rucksack (this one pronounced almost the same in Russian except for the &amp;quot;soft&amp;quot; ryu) could be from either, anything &amp;quot;st&amp;quot; -&amp;gt; &amp;quot;sht&amp;quot; in Russian is probably German because in standard German &amp;quot;st&amp;quot; followed by a vowel is pronounced as &amp;quot;sht&amp;quot; and I think in Dutch &amp;quot;st&amp;quot; is pronounced like in English (the Russian &amp;quot;ш&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;sh&amp;quot;). So I'd put Strafe (fine), Flaggenstock (flagstaff) and maybe Sturm (storm) as coming from German.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15704" LastEditorUserId="15704" LastEditDate="2021-04-03T14:00:36.510" LastActivityDate="2021-04-03T14:00:36.510" CommentCount="16" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23378" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23372" CreationDate="2021-04-03T02:05:11.630" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;This is because Dutch is close to German, while English is more distant. Russian had heavily borrowed from German historically.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2021-04-03T02:05:11.630" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23380" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23372" CreationDate="2021-04-03T12:02:41.663" Score="28" Body="&lt;p&gt;The words you give fall essentially into three groups:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Words that have been borrowed into both Russian and Dutch from some third source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;meubel/мебель&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, from French, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;paprika/паприка&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, from Serbo-Croatian (probably).  Both of these are somewhat “international” words that are borrowed into many other languages too, like &lt;em&gt;taxi&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ananas&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;bank&lt;/em&gt;, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Words borrowed into Russian from another Germanic language (usually German, if recent, or Early Swedish/Old Norse, if older), hence similar to a Dutch cognate: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;стул&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (from Old Norse &lt;em&gt;stol&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;штраф&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (from German &lt;em&gt;Strafe&lt;/em&gt;), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;рюкзак&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (from German &lt;em&gt;Rucksack&lt;/em&gt;).  As &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/23377/1202&quot;&gt;@Gytis mentions&lt;/a&gt;, you can spot some of the German borrowings in particular by &lt;em&gt;st-&lt;/em&gt; corresponding to &lt;em&gt;шт-&lt;/em&gt;, following German pronunciation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Terms borrowed directly from Dutch — including in particular many naval/nautical terms as described in &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/23373/1202&quot;&gt;@shabunc’s answer&lt;/a&gt;, and a few more besides, e.g. &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B8&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;брюки&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;em&gt;broek&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;апельсин&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;em&gt;appelsien&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A fourth group, which didn’t show up in your list but might have, is words that are similar because they happen to have stayed close to their proto-Indo-European ancestry, e.g. &lt;em&gt;brauw/бровь/brow&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It’s worth mentioning also that your list exaggerates the difference from English a bit. In many cases, the listed English translation isn’t close to the Russian/Dutch, but there’s a synonym, near-synonym, or archaic synonym which is very close: &lt;em&gt;breeches&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;paprika&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;rucksack&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;stool&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;steersman&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Some parts of this have already been mentioned in other answers, as noted, but there wasn’t yet an answer summarising the whole situation.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1202" LastEditorUserId="1202" LastEditDate="2021-04-03T15:39:36.620" LastActivityDate="2021-04-03T15:39:36.620" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23381" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="20874" CreationDate="2021-04-03T14:18:31.507" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Классическим марксистским определением фашизма считается определение, представленное&#xA;в резолюции XIII пленума Исполнительного комитета коммунистического интернационала (1934 г.) и повторенное на VII Конгрессе Коминтерна (1935 г.) - Георгием Димитровым, докладчиком по этому вопросу.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;«Фашизм — это открытая террористическая диктатура наиболее&#xA;реакционных, наиболее шовинистических, наиболее империалистических&#xA;элементов финансового капитала…&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Фашизм — это не надклассовая власть и&#xA;не власть мелкой буржуазии или люмпен-пролетариата над финансовым&#xA;капиталом.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Фашизм — это власть самого финансового капитала. Это&#xA;организация террористической расправы с рабочим классом и&#xA;революционной частью крестьянства и интеллигенции.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;Фашизм во внешней&#xA;политике — это шовинизм в самой грубейшей форме, культивирующий&#xA;зоологическую ненависть против других народов».&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Это определение и послужило основой для обозначения среди коммунистов всех подобных движений: нацистов в Германии, франкистов в Испании, &amp;quot;Новое государство в Португалии и пр.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В этой парадигме итальянские фашисты лишь первый случай  проявления фашизма.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastActivityDate="2021-04-03T14:18:31.507" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23382" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23386" CreationDate="2021-04-05T02:49:09.343" Score="10" ViewCount="1747" Body="&lt;p&gt;Было is neuter gender. But выбор is masculine gender (выбора is genitive case of выбор?). Is there a grammatical reason or even historical reason I missed out?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additional background: I’m a beginner Russian language learner and my tutor translated “had no choice” for me. He’s a Russian native speaker, and when I posed the question to him, he also couldn’t explain why, other than that «не было выбора» is the proper way to say it. He too was confounded as to why the genders didn’t match.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15719" LastEditorUserId="10999" LastEditDate="2021-04-05T05:21:46.333" LastActivityDate="2021-04-06T16:08:24.160" Title="Why is “had no choice” translated as «не было выбора» and not «не был выбора»?" Tags="&lt;род&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="9" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23383" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23382" CreationDate="2021-04-05T06:23:48.283" Score="7" Body="&lt;p&gt;The verb cannot agree with выбор in gender or number because it's not in the nominative case (выбор is not the subject of the sentence). Therefore there's no reason to choose masculine over neuter for the verb agreement.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So the verb is neuter because there actually is no subject. That's similar to a sentence like Повезло!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6074" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2021-04-05T14:20:58.360" LastActivityDate="2021-04-05T14:20:58.360" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23384" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23382" CreationDate="2021-04-05T06:25:47.757" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Не было&lt;/code&gt; не склоняется по роду, если речь идёт о предмете или о событии. В таком случае то, что находится после &lt;code&gt;не было&lt;/code&gt; отвечает на вопрос &lt;code&gt;чего?&lt;/code&gt; Употребляется в среднем роде:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не было осадков (не было &lt;code&gt;чего?&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не было всплеска (не было &lt;code&gt;чего?&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Не было монеты (не было &lt;code&gt;чего?&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Склоняется, когда речь идёт о каком-либо признаке (прилагательное). То есть, то, что находится после &lt;code&gt;не было (было)&lt;/code&gt; должно отвечать на вопрос &lt;code&gt;каким? (какой?)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Он) не был красивым (не был &lt;code&gt;каким?&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Она) не была любимой (не была &lt;code&gt;какой?&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Оно) не было хорошим (не было &lt;code&gt;каким?&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14483" LastActivityDate="2021-04-05T06:25:47.757" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23385" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23382" CreationDate="2021-04-05T09:24:31.340" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Не было выбора&amp;quot; is an impersonal sentence - a sentence without the subject. You can easily relay it and say instead: &amp;quot;Я не имел выбора&amp;quot;, where the noun &amp;quot;выбор&amp;quot; functions as a direct object. In affirmative and interrogative sentences the direct object or the noun of the Predicative is in the Accusative case (&amp;quot;Я имел выбор&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Имел ли я выбор?&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;Выбор был&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Был ли выбор?&amp;quot;). And the verb is conjugated according to the gender of the noun, be it an impersonal sentence or a sentence with a subject.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But in negative sentences the direct object or the noun of the Predicative is declined differently, i.e. it demands using the Genitive (Possesive) case: &amp;quot;Я не имел выбора (машины, денег, образования)&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;Не было машины (денег, образования)&amp;quot;. With the noun in Genitive the verb is inflected for the Neutral gender.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12275" LastEditorUserId="12275" LastEditDate="2021-04-05T10:23:49.387" LastActivityDate="2021-04-05T10:23:49.387" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23386" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23382" CreationDate="2021-04-05T11:31:34.740" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;Russian has two distinctive features.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first one is the proximal possession. &lt;em&gt;У меня есть выбор&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;I have a choice&amp;quot;) literally translates as &amp;quot;there is a choice by (or next to) me&amp;quot;. Russian does have a verb which means &amp;quot;to have&amp;quot; but its usage is limited compared to most other Indo-European languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The second one is the negation genitive (&lt;em&gt;родительный отрицания&lt;/em&gt;). It works slightly differently for subjects and objects, but either way, the accusative or the nominative are in some cases replaced with the genitive in negative sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Произошли изменения (nom.)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;changes happened&amp;quot; / &lt;em&gt;не произошло изменений (gen.)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;no changes happened&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Я пил воду (acc.)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;I drank water&amp;quot; / &lt;em&gt;я не пил воды (gen.)&lt;/em&gt; &amp;quot;I didn't drink any water&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Note that in the first example, the voice of the sentence changes as well. The sentence becomes impersonal and the verb changes into neuter singular.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In your example, you can see both features in action.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is thought that Russian acquired both these features from Uralic languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2021-04-06T16:08:24.160" LastActivityDate="2021-04-06T16:08:24.160" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23388" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-05T17:29:16.757" Score="1" ViewCount="51" Body="&lt;p&gt;I understand they both mean to go (by vehicle) but I can't get the difference in my head. Can someone provide English examples, please&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="12851" LastEditorUserId="6074" LastEditDate="2021-04-05T18:39:33.263" LastActivityDate="2021-04-05T18:39:33.263" Title="What is the difference between ехать and поехать" Tags="&lt;ехать&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2021-04-05T19:16:34.607" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23389" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="22500" CreationDate="2021-04-06T02:48:16.277" Score="-1" Body="&lt;p&gt;As another native Russian, I agree with previous contributors. You use “bleen” (блин) instead of “blyad” (блядь), if you don’t want to swear. There is nothing in common between the two words, other than the first two letters. “Bleen” is an inoffensive euphemistic substitute for “blyad”, meaning to express disappointment or frustration. It is like saying “darn” in English instead of “damn”. Or rather, saying “darn” instead of “fuck” or “shit”&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15727" LastActivityDate="2021-04-06T02:48:16.277" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23391" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23393" CreationDate="2021-04-10T06:46:14.343" Score="-1" ViewCount="132" Body="&lt;p&gt;The normal way to express the idea of present tense obligation in Russian is with должен. If one wanted to say 'he should speak', one could say 'он должен сказать'. But должен (and other options, including вынужден, Нужно, and Надо (and Необходимоб?)) are all adjectives, but even though the copular verb is typically left out in predicate adjective sentences, these adjectives are interpreted as if there were a finite copular verb present (he IS obligated, etc). I am not sure that Wiktionary is acceptable to quote here, but it says of должен: &amp;quot;Grammatically, this term is an adjective that has only short forms, but it is best translated as a verb, either ought to/must/have (has) to if followed by an infinitive, or owe(s) if followed by a direct and indirect object.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would be open to using должен if one wanted to communicate the idea of obligation if the subject is not God. Thus, for 'Paul should speak', I would be open to using 'Пол должен сказать', but due to religious conviction, I am not willing to use God's name with only an adjective that is not a proper finite present tense verb form, even if the adjective is a predicate adjective. Accordingly, for 'God should speak', I am not willing to use '*ог должен сказать'. I would be willing to use 'бог есть должен сказать' because that has an explicit present tense verb form, but including the есть in cases of a predicate adjective would usually be considered poor or incorrect Russian. I am willing to do that if the subject is God (as I don't want to use his name without an explicit verb, even though predicate adjectives in Russian are treated as if an explicit verb were present), but fortunately, I can also use является in some cases, and I have used some form of являться in certain case(s).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But I have run into a bigger problem in regard to (the lack of?) a present tense verb form for 'should'. I want a present tense auxiliary verb form to use with almost any main verb that would be in the infinitive. But I have communicated with both a proofreader from Belarus and someone from Russia, and they both have left me with the impression that Russian has no such verb. Returning to Wiktionary, its second note has 'In modern Russian, the full infinitive form долженствова́ть (dolženstvovátʹ, literally “to be required to/to be obliged to”) is seldom used.', and both speakers did not approve of that. In Russian it is acceptable to use the future form of быть with должен, such that the text for 'he will have to speak' or 'he will have an obligation to speak' could be 'он должен будет сказать', so I inquired about using the present tense verb form. Would он должен есть сказать work? The present tense есть form of быть is usually avoided, but I still asked, and neither thought this was good. I inquired about a lot of other options. I just want to be able to say 'God must do something' or 'God should do something' with a present tense verb form (which должен is not, even though it is interpreted as such).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;он Обяжет сказать(/любить/прийти/etc)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;он долженствует сказать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;он должен есть сказать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;он является должен сказать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;он находится должен сказать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;он имеется должен сказать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;он существует должен сказать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;он уществует должен сказать&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;None of these were given a stamp of approval. The native Russian speaker did put out 'ему следует сказать', so it seems that, if I wanted to translate the English [SUBJECT] [SHOULD] [FILL-IN-THE-VERB], I could use in Russian, [ENGLISH SUBJECT IN DATIVE FORM] + следует + [RUSSIAN-VERB-IN-THE-INFINITIVE]. But that would require converting the English subject into dative form. I want to have the doer of the action be in the nominative form in Russian, a word or words for 'should' that function in an auxiliary capacity (one of which is a present tense verb form), and then a Russian verb in the infinitive for the action that the subject should do. Is there any word in Russian that can do this that would be acceptable? Or if not, is there a present tense verb form (or phrase that has a present tense verb form) that I can use that Russians would understand as meaning 'should do [fill-in-the-verb]', even if it is considered poor Russian?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15749" LastActivityDate="2021-04-10T16:29:38.493" Title="Is there a present tense verb form for 'should' that is a true verb form and not an adjective and that can be used with a noun in the nominative?" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="9" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23392" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23391" CreationDate="2021-04-10T08:46:18.263" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Grammatically, this term is an adjective that has only short forms&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Techincally, there is full form &amp;quot;должный&amp;quot; but it's not used like that.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am not willing to use God's name with only an adjective that is not a proper finite present tense verb form, even if the adjective is a predicate adjective.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I admit that there could be a religious discussion on topic if should/must/должен could be applied to God and in what context. But short adjectives taken in general are absolutely okay, at least in Russian language. Consider, &amp;quot;Praise be to the Lord&amp;quot; = &amp;quot;&lt;em&gt;благословен&lt;/em&gt; Господь&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5008" LastActivityDate="2021-04-10T08:46:18.263" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23393" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23391" CreationDate="2021-04-10T11:13:22.650" Score="0" Body="&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;он oбяжет сказать(/любить/прийти/etc)&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has meaning &amp;quot;he will make obliged somebody to do something&amp;quot; or&#xA;&amp;quot;he will order somebody to do something&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;он долженствует сказать&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Possible, but awkward. More often used to inanimate objects. Your desire is awkward, but it you really seriously want to use only verb for whatever reason, I suggest to use this form. &amp;quot;Бог долженствует сказать&amp;quot; sounds pompous and maybe even high-style but archaic and bordering parody. I even found an &lt;a href=&quot;https://books.google.co.il/books?id=_9xjAAAAcAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA146&amp;amp;dq=%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;hl=ru&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;ved=2ahUKEwim-efeyfPvAhUuaRUIHS0UAsMQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%20%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C&amp;amp;f=false&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;archaic text&lt;/a&gt; (1782) with this phrase in Biblical context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;он должен есть сказать&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This means &amp;quot;he has to eat, say&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;он является должен сказать&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can use the form &amp;quot;это является должным&amp;quot;, but it means &amp;quot;it is due to happen/exist&amp;quot;,&#xA;&amp;quot;it is customary/expected/normal/usual&amp;quot;. Used only with inanimate nouns.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;он находится должен сказать&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;One can say &amp;quot;он находит должным сказать...&amp;quot; &amp;quot;he finds it due/necessary to say...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;он имеется должен сказать&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Similar to the previous one, &amp;quot;он имеет должным сказать&amp;quot; &amp;quot;he has it to say...&amp;quot;. Sounds very formal and usually used with more formal verbs, like сообщить, заявить, выразить, объявить instead of сказать. Sounds like diplomatic communication or police report (like English &amp;quot;I have due to declare&amp;quot; or something).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;он существует должен сказать&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;He exists has to say&amp;quot;. No.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;он уществует должен сказать&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What is the second word?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There is also verb &amp;quot;обязуется&amp;quot;. Which means &amp;quot;takes obligation&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2021-04-10T11:59:41.367" LastActivityDate="2021-04-10T11:59:41.367" CommentCount="14" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23394" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23391" CreationDate="2021-04-10T15:59:22.870" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Do I understand it correctly, the OP wants the phrase not to sound as an invocation or address? In that case using short form of adjective excludes the invocation/address meaning:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бог великий! - Invocation/address &amp;quot;Great God!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Бог велик! - Not an invocation, &amp;quot;God is great!&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The short form of the adjective as opposed to the full form has the meaning of the copula verb. If you use the full form, it may mean you address God or you want to say something about the god that has the feature of the adjective. If you use short form, it can only mean you are communicating that God has this property, and nothing else. So, it cannot be an address, invocation, prayer, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Using any case except nominative and vocative (for instance, dative) also excludes address meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastEditorUserId="194" LastEditDate="2021-04-10T16:29:38.493" LastActivityDate="2021-04-10T16:29:38.493" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23395" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23325" CreationDate="2021-04-11T07:18:11.017" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;This &amp;quot;V&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;Victory&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;The letter &amp;quot;V&amp;quot;, which is contained in the name of the Sputnik V coronavirus vaccine, means victory. This was announced on Thursday by the сhief of the Russian Direct Investment Fund Kirill Dmitriev in the account of this medication manufacturers on Twitter. ... &amp;quot;&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://tass.ru/obschestvo/10348709&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://tass.ru/obschestvo/10348709&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13214" LastActivityDate="2021-04-11T07:18:11.017" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23398" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-15T01:21:40.667" Score="-2" ViewCount="193" Body="&lt;p&gt;I'm investigating the most accurate English transliteration of the family name &amp;quot;Каврайский&amp;quot;, which is from &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Владимир Владимирович Кавра́йский&lt;/a&gt;, and is used to describe a series of named map projections &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Проекция Каврайского&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are my findings, in order to what I see most common from search engines:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kavrayskiy - from Wikipedia's &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_V._Kavrayskiy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Vladimir V. Kavrayskiy&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavrayskiy_VII_projection&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Kavrayskiy VII projection&lt;/a&gt; articles&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kavraisky - from mapping software &lt;a href=&quot;https://proj.org/operations/projections/kav7.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;PROJ&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://au.mathworks.com/help/map/kavrsky6.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;MATLAB&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Kavraysky - from &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/kavraysky-vladimir-vladimirovich&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;encyclopedia.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Which of these is the best? Or are they all valid English transliterations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15796" LastActivityDate="2021-04-15T05:44:21.327" Title="Best transliteration of Каврайский" Tags="&lt;выбор-имени&gt;&lt;transliteration&gt;&lt;english&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="1" ClosedDate="2021-04-15T12:02:01.863" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23399" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23398" CreationDate="2021-04-15T03:15:43.890" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a person with the family name &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ольшанский&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, I can say with confidence that there is no single tradition of transliteration of &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;ий&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; in the Russian surnames. For example, the end of my family name, even in official documents issued at different times, is transliterated differently.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;I like the short version &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;y&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;, but I know people who prefer to write their last name using &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;iy&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;The same situation is with the &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;й&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; in the middle. It may be either &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;&amp;quot;y&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10999" LastActivityDate="2021-04-15T03:15:43.890" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23400" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23398" CreationDate="2021-04-15T05:44:21.327" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;As stated in the other answer, &amp;quot;ий&amp;quot; is transliterated in several different ways.&#xA;There isn't a set standard (or rather there are several different ones). First and last names with &amp;quot;й&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;ы&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;ь&amp;quot; in them are transliterated differently in official documents. People often have different transliterations of their own names in different documents.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So yes, you can use any of the three spellings.&#xA;However, if you're looking for technical accuracy, then (IMO) the first one is correct. It clearly and correctly shows the difference between &amp;quot;и&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;й&amp;quot;. While English speakers are unlikely to hear the difference between &amp;quot;Kavrayskiy&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Kavraysky&amp;quot;, I'd recommend sticking with the first one on your list.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10749" LastActivityDate="2021-04-15T05:44:21.327" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23401" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23402" CreationDate="2021-04-15T18:39:53.000" Score="3" ViewCount="227" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was attempting to translate a sentence about the weather and I was told that &amp;quot;minus&amp;quot; was not declined...in any case. I also heard, though I don't know, that this is also common in mathematics. (Ignoring the singular/plural distinction between the two languages)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;At night, temperatures range between minus ten and zero degrees Celsius.&#xA;&#xA;Но́чью температу́ра коле́блется ме́жду ми́нус/ми́нусами девятью́ и нулём гра́дусов.&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there a particular reason I was told this (even an obvious one I am overlooking...)?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;PS:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As a preposition (ме́жду), it seems to work with instrumental, and rarely, with genitive (wiktionary).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EDIT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;My confusion lies in why the nominative (maybe accusative) is used. I think after the preposition it should be instr. or gen., as alluded to in the PS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Additionally, 'minuses' might seem logical at first, but then considering all the times when it doesn't follow someone's logic - there are many of them, e.g. for cardinal numbers:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;1+ Nominative &#xA;2-4 + Genitive singular &#xA;5-20 + Genitive plural&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course here I overlooked that the cardinal number is singular... But your explanation just doesn't address the case.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="6545" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-04-15T20:45:51.377" LastActivityDate="2021-04-17T16:10:50.053" Title="&quot;Между минус девятью и нулём&quot; - why &quot;минус&quot; is not declined here?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;склонение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="6" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23402" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23401" CreationDate="2021-04-15T22:43:07.317" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;It's just how it is :) When talking about the number, -9, you just don't decline the word 'minus':&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;N. минус девять&#xA;A. минус девять&#xA;G. минус девяти&#xA;D. минус девяти&#xA;I. минус девятью&#xA;P. минус девяти&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thus, your sentence should say:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Но́чью температу́ра коле́блется ме́жду ми́нус девятью́ и нулём гра́дусов.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When using «минус» as a noun in its own right, it is correct to decline it:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Но́чью температу́ра коле́блется ме́жду ми́нусом и плю́сом.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;У неё мно́го ми́нусов и плю́сов.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastActivityDate="2021-04-15T22:43:07.317" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23405" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23350" CreationDate="2021-04-17T05:39:58.323" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to add, that the recent meaning of &amp;quot;лихой&amp;quot; more like - causing a great effect, and not always in a positive way. For example: &amp;quot;Это был лихой день&amp;quot; means that the day was full of events that causing a great effect, good or bad depends on a context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15801" LastActivityDate="2021-04-17T05:39:58.323" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23406" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23401" CreationDate="2021-04-17T16:10:50.053" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;I think it is similar to how we pronounce other punctuation when narrating. We will say &amp;quot;ударил мальчика дефис шута&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;ударил мальчика-шута&amp;quot;, not &amp;quot;мальчика дефиса шута&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;We will say &lt;code&gt;&amp;quot;от пошёл за водкой&amp;quot;, запятая, &amp;quot;колбасой&amp;quot;, запятая, &amp;quot;сосисками&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;, not &lt;code&gt;он пошёл за водкой, запятой, колбасой, запятой, сосисками&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In other words, when narrating we pronounce punctuation characters in nominative.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2021-04-17T16:10:50.053" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23408" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23409" CreationDate="2021-04-18T22:44:30.217" Score="6" ViewCount="158" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to know more about the distinction between the use of the instrumental (творительный) and nominative (именительный) case in the context of a predicate (сказуемое) parts of sentences in combination with the (linking?) verb быть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;As far as I understand, there exists a subtle semantic difference between, e.g.,  &lt;em&gt;мы были друзья&lt;/em&gt; versus &lt;em&gt;мы были друзьями&lt;/em&gt;. I understood that this difference is mainly temporal: the former case expressing staticity, while the latter&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Although I could not easily find any formal rules in academic grammar books (for example in Shvedova, 1980); I found a couple of academic papers that state that there is some 'friction' between the two forms. This makes me wonder whether these forms are sometimes used or interpreted interchangeably (albeit incorrect), and whether this is some sort of ongoing language change or not.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I understand that a few related questions exist already on this stackexchange, however, I am specifically interested in the 'language change'-aspect of it, which was not asked on this stackexchange before.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I would really love to hear answers from the community!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15807" LastActivityDate="2021-04-19T15:19:14.497" Title="(A changing?) difference between nominative and instrumental case usage in predicates with быть" Tags="&lt;творительный-падеж&gt;&lt;instrumental&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23409" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23408" CreationDate="2021-04-19T14:44:20.590" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;If you can read Russian, I would recommend the article &lt;em&gt;Некоторые особенности согласования в русском языке&lt;/em&gt; by Dmitri Shmelyov.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, I only have it in print, but &lt;a href=&quot;https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=6csNAgAAQBAJ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the compilation of author's works&lt;/a&gt; is only $2.63 on Google Books, and it's an excellent read.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here is a brief excerpt from there (translation mine). Note that it concerns adjectives, not nouns:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Use of predicative instrumental with the copula &lt;em&gt;быть&lt;/em&gt; in past is a relatively new phenomenon in Russian. Some XIX century authors, as some researches note, do not use it at all. Its main difference from the nominative in similar constructs lies in the fact that the noun's attribute is perceived as transient, relative. This is also related to its usage with so-called semi-content verbs (&lt;em&gt;полузнаменательные глаголы&lt;/em&gt; - Q.) such as &lt;em&gt;бывать, становиться, казаться&lt;/em&gt; and so on. E.g.: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Тенью от тучи проклубились те дни, и теперь казались ему его искания зряшными и пустыми&amp;quot; // (Шолохов, Тихий Дон); &amp;quot;На березах только что обозначилась молодая зелень, и леса оказались такими большими, такими девственными&amp;quot; // (Пришвин, Календарь природы); &amp;quot;Мокрая свежесть стояла в квартире: с вечера форточка оставалась открытой&amp;quot; // (А. Леонов, Дорога на океан)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Often, the full adjectives are put in instrumental when used with the verbs with the general meaning of movement or presence: &lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Всю ночь и утро сеял частый осенний дождь, и деревянные домики, насквозь промокшие, стояли серыми и печальными&amp;quot; // (А. Андреев. У окна)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The author also notes the fact that nouns can be put both in nominative and instrumental, but does not explain it.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unlike adjectives, this pattern for nouns has been a thing in Russian for centuries, and it's a thing in Church Slavonic as well.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2021-04-19T15:19:14.497" LastActivityDate="2021-04-19T15:19:14.497" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23412" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23414" CreationDate="2021-04-21T13:41:29.163" Score="1" ViewCount="234" Body="&lt;p&gt;What would be the Russian word for &amp;quot;ownership&amp;quot;, in the meaning of owning a topic or a task and not owning property?&#xA;The best equivalent I've found is &amp;quot;oтветственность&amp;quot;. However, &amp;quot;responsibility&amp;quot; and not &amp;quot;ownership&amp;quot; will be a more accurate meaning for that one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15825" LastActivityDate="2021-04-21T19:21:02.943" Title="What would be the Russian word for &quot;ownership&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23413" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23412" CreationDate="2021-04-21T13:49:07.960" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;As a native Russian language speaker, I can say that &amp;quot;Ответственность&amp;quot; is the accurate word for the case&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15826" LastActivityDate="2021-04-21T13:49:07.960" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23414" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23412" CreationDate="2021-04-21T15:01:53.527" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;If we are talking about slang used in IT (which I have strong suspicions we do), then terms &amp;quot;владелец&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;владение&amp;quot; are actually quite common, so one can here something like this:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Коллеги, а кто владеет у нас этой компонентой, с кем мне в принципе поговорить об этом?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some actual quotes from &lt;a href=&quot;https://habr.com/ru/search/?target_type=posts&amp;amp;q=%5B%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%5D&amp;amp;order_by=date&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;habr&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Типичные ошибки Владельца продукта в Скраме. (&lt;a href=&quot;https://habr.com/ru/post/478200/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Договориться о политиках владения кодом и превратить это в процесс (&lt;a href=&quot;https://habr.com/ru/company/miro/blog/539768/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;link&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;By the way, the same analogy exists for ownership as a term used in some programming languages for describing memory model, so it's &amp;quot;владение и заимствование в Rust&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Of course, this doesn't cancel out the existence of just &amp;quot;продакт-оунер&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2021-04-21T15:01:53.527" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23415" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23412" CreationDate="2021-04-21T19:21:02.943" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;There is another translation option for this word - &amp;quot;Обладание&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Владение кем-, чем-либо как собственностью ◆ Война, ведущаяся с турками за обладание великим княжеством Сусиана и за возвращение отнятых оттоманами земель, принадлежащих персидской империи, предоставляет ей для этого великолепную возможность. Людмила Старикова, «Театральная жизнь России в эпоху Елизаветы Петровны», 2005 г.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15801" LastActivityDate="2021-04-21T19:21:02.943" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23417" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-25T16:41:57.810" Score="2" ViewCount="235" Body="&lt;p&gt;Слово образовано из слияния preppy + hipster. Словарь дает такое определение: &amp;quot;культурный маргинал, сочетающий консервативное и либеральное&amp;quot;. Preppy = старомодный, hipster = неформал (примерно). Можно ли как-то адаптировать это понятие на русском одним словом? Например &amp;quot;стиляга&amp;quot;? Или здесь лучше обойтись прямой транслитерацией и сноской в тексте с объяснением значения?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15841" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-04-25T17:39:39.553" LastActivityDate="2021-05-20T03:54:02.853" Title="Как перевести на русский слово &quot;prepster&quot;?" Tags="&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;slang&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23418" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23417" CreationDate="2021-04-25T17:33:18.517" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I don't think &lt;em&gt;культурный маргинал, сочетающий консервативное и либеральное&lt;/em&gt; quite captures the meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Preppy&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;looking and behaving like a prep school student&amp;quot;. It is quite a foreign concept to Russia. Russia has not been historically big on old private prep schools.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The closest thing to &amp;quot;preppy&amp;quot; in Russian seems to be &lt;em&gt;мажор&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;мальчик-мажор&lt;/em&gt;, although it's quite a stretch. &amp;quot;Preppy&amp;quot; is more specific to polo shirts and argyle jerseys.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian language also does not form portmanteaus as readily as English does.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;With all that said, I don't think there's a single Russian word that would ring all the same bells the English one does. Looks like you will have to do with a loanword and a footnote explanation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2021-04-25T17:33:18.517" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23419" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23417" CreationDate="2021-04-25T17:39:01.163" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Начнём с того, что preppy - это не старомодный, это определённый стиль одежды, он действительно имеет истоки в в студенческой американской моде, которой уже лет 70, но с тех пор он постоянно эволюционировал и был в той или иной своей инкарнации актуальным явлением. В восприятии этого стиля есть определённо оттеннок ретро, и это в каком-то смысле это сближает его с нашим понятием стиляги. Но стиляги всё-таки это совсем другое явление - и по природе происхождения, и по визуальному коду и, наконец, опять-таки по степени актуальности.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например, вот что вам более-менее выдаст гугловый поиск по картинкам по запросу &amp;quot;preppy fashion&amp;quot;:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NX21M.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://i.stack.imgur.com/NX21M.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;enter image description here&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Теперь что касается prepster - во-первых, совершенно точно это не распространённое слово - например, поиск по картинкам ничего толкового вам не даст. Согласно &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=prepster&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Urban Dictionary&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;the prepster is someone most likely raised in the suburbs and very preppy, that moves to a very hipster centered city (Brooklyn, Portland, Austin), and due to scene exposure adopts certain hipster trends whilst retaining the preppy spirit.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Мы можем долго спорить о том, тождественен ли наш хипстер хипстеру портландскому или бруклинскому, одевается ли он похоже, опять-таки, что есть &amp;quot;наш&amp;quot; в данном случае (московский хипстер, одесский, харьковский, минский, питерский?) но мне кажется, что в данном случае речь идёт об очень конкретном явлении, локальном для очень конкретного набора географических мест.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Поэтому я бы не стал переводить prepster никак, точно так же как я не стал бы рекомендовать кому-то переводить на английский термин типа стиляга-любер. Ну, или, если это художественный текст где этот термин упоминается один раз, я бы просто раскрыл этот термин.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-04-25T17:45:11.293" LastActivityDate="2021-04-25T17:45:11.293" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23420" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-04-25T20:39:49.640" Score="5" ViewCount="199" Body="&lt;p&gt;So recently I was looking up some sentences on reverso.net, and I noticed that most of the translations of 'would' would most often use the compound or perfective future. I asked some Russian friends about this phrase:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Well, the Left Prime Minister is not that easy of a person who would just sit and watch.&#xA;И всё же, левый госминистр не из тех, кто будет сидеть сложа руки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;And then I showed them this one:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;И всё же, левый госминистр не из тех, кто бы сидел сложа руки.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I asked them if they thought there was any difference between the phrases, they said no, then I asked which one they would probably use, then they said the first one.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I know 'бы' can have a pluperfect connotation of &amp;quot;would've&amp;quot;, but it doesn't seem to always carry this meaning, since I asked them &amp;quot;How would you translated the phrase 'This would be my favorite'&amp;quot;, and they said 'это было бы моим любимым'. So are there any good explanations?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15843" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2021-05-04T14:48:59.070" LastActivityDate="2021-05-04T14:48:59.070" Title="Using the future in the meaning of 'would'" Tags="&lt;глаголы&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23421" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23420" CreationDate="2021-04-26T08:52:22.217" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Both Russian sentences are conditional sentences with the protasis (the part describing the antecedent) omitted or implied.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It describes the consequence (&amp;quot;will not just sit and watch&amp;quot;) of an antecedent which is not mentioned.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For the sake of discussion, I will assume that the antecedent is &amp;quot;a pandemic breaks out&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Левый госминистр не из тех, кто будет сидеть сложа руки (если случится пандемия)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is an indicative (factual) conditional sentence.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It assumes that everything except the antecedent is in place. This means that we do have a Left Prime Minister, they have enough power to do something except sitting and watching, etc. Everything, except the plausible pandemic, is there, and we are making a logical conclusion from the known facts.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Левый госминистр не из тех, кто сидел бы сложа руки (если бы случилась пандемия)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is a subjunctive (counterfactial) conditional sentence. It describes the consequence of the antecedent in an imaginary world, where it's plausible and the rest of the facts check out. In the real world, it is not so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This sentence does not describe the real world. We might not have a Left Prime Minister, or the pandemic is implausible, or it's a &lt;em&gt;reductio ad absurdum&lt;/em&gt; (&amp;quot;the Prime Minister says they're Left, but a Left Prime Minister would not just sit and watch, and this one is sitting and watching, hence they're not Left, q.e.d.&amp;quot;)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It works almost the same way in English. English marks the subjunctive mood with the past tense of &amp;quot;will&amp;quot;, Russian with a past tense with &lt;em&gt;бы&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;English is a little bit more forgiving about mixing the moods. The phrases like &amp;quot;if you feed a dog chocolate, it will die&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;if you fed a dog chocolate, it would die&amp;quot; can both be used in the factual meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, &lt;em&gt;если накормишь собаку шоколадом, она умрёт&lt;/em&gt; is factual, while &lt;em&gt;если бы ты накормил собаку шоколадом, она бы умерла&lt;/em&gt; is counterfactual.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;That said, we don't have enough context to translate this phrase. We don't know if the situation in question is factual or not, so we cannot pick the right mood.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2021-04-26T08:52:22.217" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23424" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="833" CreationDate="2021-04-28T21:35:20.467" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;ONLINE COURSES&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.irlc.msu.ru/irlc_projects/speak-russian/time_new/eng/course/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Time to speak Russian&amp;quot;&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;A very useful resource to learn Russian for beginners. 10 lessons take you from scratch to an intermediary level with videos.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Other videos of a more advanced level, made by the same center, can be found on their &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/c/TimetoSpeakRussian/videos&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;YouTube channel&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www2.gwu.edu/%7Eslavic/golosa/audio/audio1-4e.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www2.gwu.edu/~slavic/golosa/audio/audio1-4e.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www2.gwu.edu/%7Eslavic/golosa/audio/audio2-4e.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://www2.gwu.edu/~slavic/golosa/audio/audio2-4e.htm&lt;/a&gt;&#xA;Another website to learn Russian (for intermediate/advandced level). The first link is for beginners, the second one for intermediate level. Though the user interface is not very clear, it contains a lot of dialogues and &amp;quot;oral drills&amp;quot; to get some training (by repeating) by yourself.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://learnrussian.rt.com/lessons/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://learnrussian.rt.com/lessons/&lt;/a&gt; is the website of Russia Today devoted to Russian language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ccle.ucla.edu/course/view/russian_RLWS?section=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://ccle.ucla.edu/course/view/russian_RLWS?section=1&lt;/a&gt; is the public display of the course site devoted to Russian from the UCLA.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;USEFUL WEBSITE/ADD-ON&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;http://russiangram.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;http://russiangram.com/&lt;/a&gt; automatically adds (right) stress marks.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;MOVIES IN RUSSIAN WITH ENGLISH SUBTITLES&#xA;&lt;a href=&quot;https://cinema.mosfilm.ru/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Mosfilm&lt;/a&gt; provides free access to hundreds of Russian and Soviet movies, with English or Russian subtitles.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;RUSSIAN DICTIONARY&#xA;For advanced users, &lt;a href=&quot;http://feb-web.ru/feb/mas/mas-abc/default.asp&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Словарь русского языка в 4х томах (1999)&lt;/a&gt; is a very exhaustive dictionary of Russian language, with this online version.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;TESTS AND ONLINE COURSES&#xA;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://pushkininstitute.ru/?locale=en&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Pushkin Institute&lt;/a&gt; provides a lot of resources of students and teachers of Russian, as well as linguistic tests.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11924" LastActivityDate="2021-04-28T21:35:20.467" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2021-04-28T21:35:20.467" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23425" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23420" CreationDate="2021-04-28T22:35:30.507" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;Interesting question!&#xA;First of all, I think the conditional is less used in Russian than in English or in Romance languages. I'll try to explain why - though I won't be able to provide a scientific explanation.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The conditional projects the statement into a hypothetical world. It is used in contexts where something suggests we are out of the real.&#xA;Here, the example you give is rather a way of making broader extrapolations on the real behaviour of Prime Minister in different circumstances. He's not &lt;em&gt;able&lt;/em&gt; to sit there and watch. You are imagining a &lt;em&gt;possible future&lt;/em&gt;. No action makes us go out of real world. It's a description of a character. Such a use of imperfective future is quite common in Russian. The meaning could be described as &amp;quot;he is not such a person&amp;quot;. We are trying to define the person, not to imagine an hypothetical system with a strong unreal hypothesis.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Also, the imperfective future can convey to the verb the value of an intention, as in the sentence &amp;quot;Я больше не буду&amp;quot; (I won't do it anymore - used by punished children, as in this &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaDjVvWArDI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;funny sketch&lt;/a&gt; by Eralash). I have the intuition it is also the case here, as it refers to the psychology of a man.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(As a methodological tip I would suggest not to ask native speakers to translate just one sentence like &amp;quot;it would be my favourite&amp;quot; without any context. I'm afraid it's a mere theoretical translation which won't really help you understanding the use of the conditional. Это было бы моим любимым is certainly possible, but sounds very heavy in Russian.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11924" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2021-05-04T14:48:47.623" LastActivityDate="2021-05-04T14:48:47.623" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23426" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="15168" CreationDate="2021-04-30T09:37:30.150" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Literally &amp;quot;благодарю&amp;quot; ~ &amp;quot;благо дарю&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;[I am] giving blessing [to you]&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;sharing good&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Whereas &amp;quot;Спасибо&amp;quot; ~ &amp;quot;спаси [тебя] Бог&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;[May] God save [you]&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15860" LastActivityDate="2021-04-30T09:37:30.150" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23427" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23428" CreationDate="2021-05-01T10:21:23.287" Score="2" ViewCount="141" Body="&lt;p&gt;I learned different grammar rules. Regarding vowels I learned the rule that there is an &amp;quot;j&amp;quot; added / vowels are spoken with a j if:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;in the beginning of a word (like яблоко [jáblaka])&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;after a vowel (as in красивая [kraßíwaja])&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;after a ь (like in семья [ßimjá])&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;after a ъ   (like in подъезд [padjézd])&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;and И after Ь (оладьи [aládji])&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In the russian word Нева (the river) the e is reduced, as the a is emphasized. However, none of the above rules applies. As e comes after an Н. Therefore I would not use a j. I would pronounce it as &amp;quot;Niwa&amp;quot;, not &amp;quot;Njiwa&amp;quot;. When I check the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;wiktionary&lt;/a&gt; the audio sound exactly like I expected. However, under pronounciation it says: [nʲɪˈva]. Now my question is, why is there a small &amp;quot;j&amp;quot; added? I would have thought - and at least that is what I hear when I am listening to the audio - that it would be [nɪˈva]?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15864" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-05-02T12:21:54.520" LastActivityDate="2021-05-03T06:20:57.317" Title="Pronunciation and IPA transcription of &quot;Нева&quot;" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;&lt;vowel&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" FavoriteCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23428" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23427" CreationDate="2021-05-01T11:02:36.767" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Most Russian consonants form &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology#Consonants&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;pairs “hard” versus “soft”&lt;/a&gt;, in phonetic terminology it's plain/non-palatalized vs. palatalized, for example &lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt; vs. &lt;strong&gt;ть&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;н&lt;/strong&gt; vs. &lt;strong&gt;нь&lt;/strong&gt;, etc. These pairs in IPA look like this: /t/ vs. /tʲ/, /n/ vs. /nʲ/. The small j (ʲ) marks consonant palatalization: &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consonants that can be palatalized are pronounced as palatalized before &lt;em&gt;и, е, ё, ю, я&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;ь&lt;/em&gt;: ни /nʲi/, не /nʲe/, нё /nʲo/, ню /nʲu/, ня /nʲa/, нь /nʲ/.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These are the basics of &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Russian phonology&lt;/a&gt; and orthography that can be found in every Russian textbook.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UPD.:&lt;/strong&gt; It's highly recommended that you learn Russian from textbooks that use IPA, or at least learn IPA for Russian at early learning stages. Use &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;en.wiktionary.org&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;ru.wiktionary.org&lt;/a&gt;, there's good Russian IPA for most words.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="7038" LastEditDate="2021-05-03T04:07:48.207" LastActivityDate="2021-05-03T04:07:48.207" CommentCount="7" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23429" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-01T11:25:51.480" Score="0" ViewCount="194" Body="&lt;p&gt;I came across the word подъезд [pɐdˈjest].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I am aware of the fact that there is a j added, as the e comes after the ъ. However, I wondered why it is a ъ and not a ь here. How would the word be pronounced, if it would be written like подьезд? And is there a rule that basically implies that there cannot be a ь here in this case?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15864" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-05-02T12:06:39.743" LastActivityDate="2021-05-02T12:06:39.743" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;подъезд&quot; if it would be &quot;подьезд&quot;?" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23430" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23429" CreationDate="2021-05-01T14:28:27.647" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The silent letter &lt;strong&gt;ъ&lt;/strong&gt; is written only after prefixes ending in a consonant, like &lt;em&gt;под-&lt;/em&gt;. According to the Russian orthography rules, you cannot write &lt;strong&gt;ь&lt;/strong&gt; there.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The function of the silent letter &lt;strong&gt;ъ&lt;/strong&gt; (“hard sign”) is to signify that the following &lt;em&gt;е, ё, ю, я&lt;/em&gt; are read with [j] which follows a “&lt;strong&gt;hard&lt;/strong&gt;” (non-palatalized) consonant.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The function of the silent letter &lt;strong&gt;ь&lt;/strong&gt; (“soft sign”) before a vowel is to signify that the following &lt;em&gt;и, е, ё, ю, я&lt;/em&gt; are read with [j] which follows a “&lt;strong&gt;soft&lt;/strong&gt;” (palatalized) consonant (accompanied with ʲ in IPA).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The letter combination &lt;em&gt;дъе&lt;/em&gt; is pronounced as [dje].&lt;br/&gt;&#xA;The letter combination &lt;em&gt;дье&lt;/em&gt; is pronounced as [dʲje].&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="1236" LastEditorUserId="1236" LastEditDate="2021-05-01T16:49:54.143" LastActivityDate="2021-05-01T16:49:54.143" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23431" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-01T15:03:55.180" Score="2" ViewCount="188" Body="&lt;p&gt;Would anyone be so kind as to explain to me the difference between видание and встреча?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I looked them up in various dictionaries and depending on the dictionary, both are sometimes translated either as &amp;quot;date&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;meeting&amp;quot; and sometimes they're also listed as synonyms but not always.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I found &lt;a href=&quot;https://russian.stackexchange.com/a/22342/15865&quot;&gt;this comment&lt;/a&gt; to a related question which states&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(встреча и свидание are &lt;em&gt;almost&lt;/em&gt; the same thing)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;which leads me to believe that there indeed must be a difference.&lt;br /&gt;&#xA;I would be really grateful if someone could explain how they exactly differ and when I should use which (if it matters at all).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Thank you very much and have a nice weekend!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15865" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-05-02T12:07:11.420" LastActivityDate="2021-05-02T12:07:11.420" Title="Difference between &quot;свидание&quot; and &quot;встреча&quot;?" Tags="&lt;usage&gt;&lt;difference&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23432" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23431" CreationDate="2021-05-01T15:30:07.293" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Встреча&amp;quot; can be as &amp;quot;date&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;meeting&amp;quot;. Also, we can use this in the sense of &amp;quot;business meeting&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;appointment&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I can say: у меня &lt;strong&gt;встреча&lt;/strong&gt; с одноклассниками. (I have &lt;strong&gt;a meeting&lt;/strong&gt; with classmates).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or: у меня &lt;strong&gt;встреча&lt;/strong&gt; с моей девушкой. (I have &lt;strong&gt;a date&lt;/strong&gt; with my girlfriend). It can have two meanings either date or meeting. We have to have a context here.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Cвидание&amp;quot; often means &amp;quot;a date&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;e.g.: Мы с женой каждую пятницу устраиваем романтическое &lt;strong&gt;свидание&lt;/strong&gt;. (My wife and I have a romantic &lt;strong&gt;date&lt;/strong&gt; every Friday.)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But the word &amp;quot;свидание&amp;quot; can mean &amp;quot;a meeting in prison with a prisoner&amp;quot;. I know it's weird, but it's so.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15866" LastActivityDate="2021-05-01T15:30:07.293" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23433" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23431" CreationDate="2021-05-01T15:46:01.250" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to add, that &amp;quot;свидание&amp;quot; also should be used in the sense of &amp;quot;visiting prisoners&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example: &amp;quot;Материальная помощь оказывается им в форме обеспечения бесплатного проезда и питания, когда они посещают тюрьму для &lt;strong&gt;свидания с заключенным&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Material support was provided to them in the form of free transport and food when they visited the prison to see the prisoner.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Or: &amp;quot;Тюрьмы стремятся обеспечивать максимально благоприятный &lt;strong&gt;режим свиданий&lt;/strong&gt; с заключенными в зависимости от количества посетителей в любой конкретный день.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Prisons aim to conduct security procedures at visitor receptions as quickly as possible, depending on the number of visitors on any particular day.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15801" LastActivityDate="2021-05-01T15:46:01.250" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23434" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-02T11:08:35.760" Score="1" ViewCount="212" Body="&lt;p&gt;The word &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;поздно&lt;/a&gt; (late) is pronounced as [ˈpoznə]. So the д is not spoken. I do not understand why the д vanishes here in this case. Which grammar rule tells me this?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15864" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-05-02T12:06:12.570" LastActivityDate="2021-05-10T18:38:03.907" Title="Pronunciation of &quot;поздно&quot; (late)" Tags="&lt;произношение&gt;" AnswerCount="2" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23435" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23434" CreationDate="2021-05-02T11:30:58.227" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Quite a few consonant clusters have silent letters in them, e.g.:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;з&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;н (пра́з&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;ник, пра́з&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;новать, по́з&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;ний, по́з&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;но, бе́з&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;на, звёз&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;ный), silent &lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;с&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;н (ле́с&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ница, до́блес&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ный, захолу́с&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ный, я́рос&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ный), silent &lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;с&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;л (счас&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ли́вый, со́вес&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ливый, уча́с&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ливый), silent &lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;с&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;с (раси́с&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ский, национали́с&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ский), silent &lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://russianschoolrussificate.com/tip/russian-silent-consonants/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Some sources&lt;/a&gt; claim a silent &lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt; in the н&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;с / н&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;с cluster but &lt;a href=&quot;https://povto.ru/russkie/slovari/orfoepicheskie/avanesov/orfoepicheskij-avanesov-1988_0023.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;Avanesov's dictionary&lt;/a&gt; recommends the pronunciation [&lt;em&gt;нц&lt;sup&gt;с&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt;]:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/4028922/116933083-f7d68f80-ac5a-11eb-8afa-eaa1aa1168a5.png&quot; alt=&quot;image&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;н&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;с (голла́н&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;ский, шотла́н&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;ский, финля́н&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;ский).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;н&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;с (гига́н&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ский, парла́мен&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ский, аге́н&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ство).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These words also have silent letters:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;со́&lt;strong&gt;л&lt;/strong&gt;нце, се́р&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;це, пожа́лу&lt;strong&gt;й&lt;/strong&gt;ста (but not пожа́луйте)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;здра́&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;ствуй, чу́&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;ство, but not я́вственный, нра́вственный or баловство́ (as pointed out by @Yellow_Sky below)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href=&quot;https://russiangram.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;russiangram.com&lt;/a&gt;, I used the following regex to cover the most common cases:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;(?&amp;lt;left&amp;gt;[сзн])(?&amp;lt;silent&amp;gt;[дт])(?&amp;lt;right&amp;gt;[нлс])&#xA;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2104" LastEditorUserId="2104" LastEditDate="2021-05-03T21:15:20.587" LastActivityDate="2021-05-03T21:15:20.587" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23436" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23434" CreationDate="2021-05-02T11:37:21.133" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;Grammar rules usually don't tell anything about pronunciation at all. You should just know that there are certain consonant clusters where it happens all the time (muted letter is in bold): со&lt;strong&gt;л&lt;/strong&gt;нце, здра&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;ствуй, сер&lt;strong&gt;д&lt;/strong&gt;це, чу&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;ство and where you can hear both forms, like, say, in &amp;quot;гиган&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ский&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It's like asking - which grammar rules make some English speakers pronounce &amp;quot;often&amp;quot; with or without t.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In Russian, though, we usually can answer the question of why we should write the muted consonant after all. Usually because in a different form this consonant is pronounced. Such a word is called &amp;quot;проверочное слово&amp;quot;. For instance:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;солнечный&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;сердечный&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;гигант&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;опоздать (therefore &amp;quot;поздно&amp;quot;)&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Usually, when we don't have such words, we don't have a version with muted consonant as well. It's not a rule set in stone however, for some words, like, for instance &amp;quot;лес&lt;strong&gt;т&lt;/strong&gt;ница&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;чу&lt;strong&gt;в&lt;/strong&gt;ство&amp;quot; - we won't find any other modern Russian word justifying such spelling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, memorize. Just memorize - as I always advise anyone learning any language.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="6349" LastEditDate="2021-05-10T18:38:03.907" LastActivityDate="2021-05-10T18:38:03.907" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23437" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23438" CreationDate="2021-05-02T19:11:56.087" Score="6" ViewCount="928" Body="&lt;p&gt;I had learned in a lesson that the word for &lt;code&gt;Window&lt;/code&gt; in Russian was &lt;code&gt;Окно&lt;/code&gt;. But later I noticed in the lyrics from &lt;code&gt;Молчат дома - судно&lt;/code&gt;, that on the verse &lt;code&gt;Окошко, Тумбочка, Кровать&lt;/code&gt;, Окошко stands for Window too.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is there any difference between both or they are just two words for the same thing?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr /&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Unrelated:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Is it just me or the StackExchange Italic font messes up the Cyrillic alphabet? Кровать became &lt;em&gt;Кровать&lt;/em&gt; in italic, the T turns to a m for some reason.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15871" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-05-05T06:16:10.457" LastActivityDate="2021-05-05T14:10:12.710" Title="Is there any difference between &quot;окно&quot; and &quot;окошко&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="3" CommentCount="3" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23438" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23437" CreationDate="2021-05-02T21:30:29.183" Score="16" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Окошко&lt;/em&gt; is a diminutive for &lt;em&gt;окно&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russian readily uses diminutive forms for some nouns in their neutral meaning, like &lt;em&gt;солнышко&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;солнце&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;листок&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;лист&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;червяк&lt;/em&gt; instead of &lt;em&gt;червь&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They do a similar thing in British English: &amp;quot;telly&amp;quot; &amp;lt; &amp;quot;television&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;leccy&amp;quot; &amp;lt; &amp;quot;electricity&amp;quot; and so on.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For some words, their original, non-diminutive form has become archaic or obsolete over the years: &lt;em&gt;ветка &amp;lt; ветвь, курица &amp;lt; кура, верёвка &amp;lt; вервь&lt;/em&gt; etc.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2021-05-02T21:30:29.183" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23439" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23427" CreationDate="2021-05-03T06:20:57.317" Score="0" Body="&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, under pronounciation it says: [nʲɪˈva]&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Because IPA was not designed for Russian language, it is intended for English only. That's why they use this &amp;quot;ʲ&amp;quot; sign even where there is no /j/ sound. It indicates the consonant /n/ is soft.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;You should learn and use the Russian transcription system, called &amp;quot;phonetic analysis&amp;quot; (фонетический разбор). It is taught in Russian schools.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2021-05-03T06:20:57.317" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23440" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-03T15:08:53.053" Score="1" ViewCount="103" Body="&lt;p&gt;The translator say &amp;quot;ищи меня&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;search for me&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;At first I thought, okay, this seems correct because ищи is the imperative of искать.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;However, my dictionary say that you use искать with dative - but меня is not dative??&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So why is it меня and not мне?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15877" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-05-03T15:28:03.773" LastActivityDate="2021-05-03T15:28:03.773" Title="&quot;Ищи меня&quot; - why not &quot;ищи мне&quot;?" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;падежи&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2021-05-03T15:24:41.603" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23441" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23437" CreationDate="2021-05-04T21:47:04.180" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;I agree with the diminutive form, however, I would also distinguish another case where those 2 words differ is when we talk about size.&#xA;In Russian &lt;em&gt;Окно&lt;/em&gt; - is a window standard or big size, but &lt;em&gt;Окошко&lt;/em&gt; could be quite a small window furthermore it could be even a window from toy house.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15883" LastActivityDate="2021-05-04T21:47:04.180" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23443" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23437" CreationDate="2021-05-05T14:10:12.710" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;I would like to add, that &amp;quot;окно&amp;quot; but not &amp;quot;окошко&amp;quot; sometimes can be used in the meaning &amp;quot;period of time&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Окно — промежуток времени в расписании работ, занятий и т. п.&#xA;Окно — плановый перерыв в движении поездов;&#xA;Окно у учителей — незанятый урок;&#xA;Окно у ракетчиков — расчётный период времени, в течение которого должна быть запущена ракета для вывода космического аппарата на определённую орбиту.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15801" LastActivityDate="2021-05-05T14:10:12.710" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23444" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-06T13:04:55.250" Score="0" ViewCount="255" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какое максимальное и минимальное количество подразумевает слово &amp;quot;&lt;code&gt;несколько&lt;/code&gt;&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Например:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Если я сказал, что верну деньги через несколько дней, а вернул через 10 дней, выполнил ли я обещание?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;А если через месяц?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;А если сказал, что верну через несколько месяцев, а вернул через год?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;А если сказал, что знаю несколько языков, а знаю 3 языка - сказал ли я правду?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2079" LastActivityDate="2021-05-19T22:36:44.813" Title="Несколько - это сколько?" Tags="&lt;значение&gt;" AnswerCount="5" CommentCount="8" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23445" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-08T13:03:44.543" Score="0" ViewCount="59" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am trying to read a book in russian:&#xA;&amp;quot;Быть императрицей. Повседневная жизнь на троне.&amp;quot; by Елена Первушина but sometimes  I have problems understanding. I have doubts. Could you please tell me how would you translate in english Было  in this sentence:&amp;quot;Было от чего впасть в отчаяние и раздражение.&amp;quot; This is the context: «Оставленная мужем, она наглядно, чуть не ежедневно видела его измену и постоянно встречала предмет его любви – лукавую Марию Антоновну… Было от чего впасть в отчаяние и раздражение. И как часто бывает в таких случаях, в это самое время подвернулся молодой кавалергард, который влюбленно смотрел на Елизавету». Thank you very much in advance to all of you who will be so kind to try and help me.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15919" LastActivityDate="2021-05-08T14:25:34.760" Title="Было and infinitive" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2021-05-08T14:48:51.723" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23446" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23445" CreationDate="2021-05-08T14:25:34.760" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Было от чего&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;There was a reason&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15801" LastActivityDate="2021-05-08T14:25:34.760" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23447" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23448" CreationDate="2021-05-08T20:53:45.280" Score="4" ViewCount="272" Body="&lt;p&gt;Why this sentence says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не могу больше вытерпеть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;and didn't say :&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Я не могу больше потерпеть.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What's the difference between &amp;quot;потерпеть&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;вытерпеть&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15569" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-05-09T06:13:27.530" LastActivityDate="2021-05-17T20:21:08.853" Title="What's the difference between &quot;потерпеть&quot; and &quot;вытерпеть&quot;?" Tags="&lt;выбор-слова&gt;" AnswerCount="4" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23448" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23447" CreationDate="2021-05-09T06:35:22.923" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Потерпеть&lt;/strong&gt; is a more neutral word, that connotates with being patient, waiting something out.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In contrast, &lt;strong&gt;вытерпеть&lt;/strong&gt; is more loaded and implies suffering connected with the process of tolerating something. So its translation is closer to &lt;em&gt;endure&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;bear out&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="13077" LastEditorUserId="13077" LastEditDate="2021-05-11T00:29:28.637" LastActivityDate="2021-05-11T00:29:28.637" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23449" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23447" CreationDate="2021-05-09T06:36:27.867" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;In Russian prefixes in verbs act more or less like adverbs and prepositions in English phrasal verbs. Many of such prefixes have standard functions, for instance, &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE-&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;the &amp;quot;по-&amp;quot; prefix&lt;/a&gt;, among other things, indicates an action that happens in some short period of time.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Consider following sentences:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я читаю книгу - I'm reading a book.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я почитаю книгу и пойду спать. - I'm going to spend some time reading book before going to sleep.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Я играю на гитаре - I play guitar.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Утром перед работой я поиграл на гитаре. - This morning before going to work I've played guitar.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same happens with &amp;quot;потерпеть&amp;quot; which basically means &amp;quot;терпеть&amp;quot; for a while, like we know that this won't last forever. Say, dentist can say &amp;quot;надо потерпеть&amp;quot; - and it will mean that, yeah, I know it's painful, but it will pass.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Now with the &lt;a href=&quot;https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%8B-&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noreferrer&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;вы-&amp;quot; prefix&lt;/a&gt;. It can give to an action described an additional connotation of completeness, like in &amp;quot;выговориться&amp;quot;. Also, it can make the action it's applied to more intensive and/or thoroughly performed, like in &amp;quot;вырисовывать&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So, you can think of &amp;quot;вытерпеть&amp;quot; like of an act of tolerating something which is complete and intensive.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Even more, the &amp;quot;вытерпеть&amp;quot; acts in Russian as a perfective form of &amp;quot;терпеть&amp;quot;. Consider following pair:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Было очень больно, но я терпел.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Было очень больно, но я вытерпел.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In first sentence one is describing how they behaved during the moment they were in pain. In the second sentence, one is describing the outcome of that event.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All that said, &lt;strong&gt;strictly speaking your question &amp;quot;Why this sentence says...&amp;quot; is incorrect&lt;/strong&gt; - sentences &amp;quot;Я не могу больше терпеть&amp;quot; and  &amp;quot;я не могу ещё потерпеть&amp;quot; are completely grammatical and make sense. It all depends on context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-05-09T06:45:47.720" LastActivityDate="2021-05-09T06:45:47.720" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23450" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23447" CreationDate="2021-05-09T06:39:19.760" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;вытерпеть&amp;quot; is usually associated with suffering.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ты понятия не имеешь, сколько боли я могу вытерпеть. You have no idea how much pain I can take.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Ему придется много вытерпеть, прежде чем он расскажет то, что вам нужно. He may take a lot of punishment before he tells them our plan!&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;потерпеть&amp;quot; is more like &amp;quot;be patient&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Examples:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Не хочешь потерпеть, пока у нас появятся доказательства? Don't you want to wait until you have some proof?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Как думаешь, сможешь потерпеть день или два? Do you think you could possibly hold off for a day or two?&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15801" LastEditorUserId="6350" LastEditDate="2021-05-17T15:02:00.933" LastActivityDate="2021-05-17T15:02:00.933" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23451" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23444" CreationDate="2021-05-10T18:58:33.593" Score="2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Почти то же самое, что и &amp;quot;a few&amp;quot; по-английски.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Около пяти, но все числа между 3 и 8 - тоже.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="11909" LastEditorUserId="11909" LastEditDate="2021-05-11T06:25:07.093" LastActivityDate="2021-05-11T06:25:07.093" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23452" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23444" CreationDate="2021-05-10T19:42:06.437" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Если я сказал, что верну деньги через несколько дней, а вернул через 10 дней, выполнил ли я обещание? - возможно.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А если через месяц? - точно нет&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А если сказал, что верну через несколько месяцев, а вернул через год? - 100% нет и вам больше не займут денег.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А если сказал, что знаю несколько языков, а знаю 3 языка - сказал ли я правду? - да&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15925" LastActivityDate="2021-05-10T19:42:06.437" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23453" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23454" CreationDate="2021-05-11T21:42:17.223" Score="-1" ViewCount="150" Body="&lt;p&gt;I am just starting to learn Russian and I noticed that these 2 words are very similar.  Are they actually related?  Is a square a place to keep your horse?  Thanks in advance.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15936" LastActivityDate="2021-05-12T02:29:20.400" Title="Why is the Russian word Лошадь (horse) so similar to the word площадь (square)?" Tags="&lt;этимология&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="3" ClosedDate="2021-05-12T06:01:32.093" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23454" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23453" CreationDate="2021-05-12T02:29:20.400" Score="11" Body="&lt;p&gt;They are not related any more than English &amp;quot;mare&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;square&amp;quot; are.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Лошадь&lt;/em&gt; is believed to originate from Turkic languages.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Площадь&lt;/em&gt; is a native Russian word, ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European etymon, which is also a distant ancestor of the English word &amp;quot;flake&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;There are lots words in Russian. For purely statistical reasons, coincidences like this are dime a dozen.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="134" LastActivityDate="2021-05-12T02:29:20.400" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23456" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23444" CreationDate="2021-05-16T17:57:06.113" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;I use &lt;strong&gt;несколько&lt;/strong&gt; to mean 3,4,5. I am sure many will disagree with me but it's their problem.&#xA;If we take a week which comprises 7 days then it would be illogical to say &amp;quot;Я верну деньги через несколько дней&amp;quot; and pay it back after the week is over. &lt;strong&gt;Несколько&lt;/strong&gt; однозначно меньше 7. 6 is also too high a number for несколько in my opinion. I confine it to 5 tops.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="973" LastActivityDate="2021-05-16T17:57:06.113" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23457" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23444" CreationDate="2021-05-17T06:09:35.073" Score="-2" Body="&lt;p&gt;Обычно, когда слово &lt;code&gt;несколько&lt;/code&gt; собеседник хочет уточнить, он спрашивает &lt;code&gt;сколько примерно?&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;На это можно ответить &lt;code&gt;3-4 штуки&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;2-3 недели&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;120-150 см&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="14483" LastActivityDate="2021-05-17T06:09:35.073" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23458" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23447" CreationDate="2021-05-17T20:21:08.853" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;The second phrase is actually ungrammatical.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="194" LastActivityDate="2021-05-17T20:21:08.853" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23460" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23444" CreationDate="2021-05-19T22:36:44.813" Score="1" Body="&lt;p&gt;Несколько - это столько, сколько человек не в состоянии сосчитать с первого взгляда, т.е. от трёх и более, правда тут важно и чего именно &amp;quot;несколько&amp;quot;, у дробных показателей данное понятие может и раньше появится, но всё равно оно больше двух.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;В общем, несколько - это минимум трое, но понятие - это относительное и потому индивидуальное. Современный человек, как правило, на глаз 3-4 предмета или существа различает, поэтому несколько для него начинается с пяти, а то и выше.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Заканчивается же несколько там, где человек переходит на другой порядок счёта (десяток, день, неделя).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Во всех ваших случаях обещание не исполнено, так как несколько дней - это в течение недели, а несколько недель - в течение месяца.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="5405" LastActivityDate="2021-05-19T22:36:44.813" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23462" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23463" CreationDate="2021-05-20T06:26:27.710" Score="3" ViewCount="137" Body="&lt;p&gt;I was listening at Navalny's phone call and at some point he says:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ровно для этого и делается доклад&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is supposed to translate to:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;this is exactly what the report is for&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;What I understand so far:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;ровно для этого = this is exactly (exactly for this)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;делается доклад = report is made&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So really, I don't understand the meaning of the connector &lt;strong&gt;и&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15963" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-05-20T07:00:23.497" LastActivityDate="2021-05-20T18:01:41.010" Title="Strange use of 'и': для этого и делается" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;&lt;перевод&gt;&lt;russian-usage&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23463" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23462" CreationDate="2021-05-20T07:23:27.730" Score="4" Body="&lt;p&gt;The &amp;quot;и&amp;quot; in Russian apart from its main function also serves as - very roughly - as a counterpart of English so, like in phrase &amp;quot;so what&amp;quot;? - this is translated like &amp;quot;и что&amp;quot;? The &amp;quot;и&amp;quot; add expressiveness and the whole phrase get a slightly different meaning.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Let's examine one of examples provided by @yaroslav-fyodorov, extending them for context.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Поэтому и надо ложиться в одно и то же время&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Поэтому надо ложиться в одно и то же время&amp;quot;. While both phrases can be translated as &amp;quot;That's why / here's why you need to go to sleep at the same time&amp;quot;. However, the second sentence is a mere statement of fact, while the first one is more emotional, with emphasis on &amp;quot;that's why&amp;quot;. Imagine that actual situation was something like:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ты такой дёрганый, потому что на этой неделе спишь нерегулярно. Потому и надо ложиться в одно и то же время!&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In this context without &amp;quot;и&amp;quot; second sentence - completely grammatical and valid in this context as well - will still sound slightly off.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The same happens in the sentence that raised your question. When why says, &amp;quot;ровно для этого и делается доклад&amp;quot; it's like putting more emotion and emphasise more that's why in phrase &amp;quot;&lt;strong&gt;that's why&lt;/strong&gt; this report is made&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2021-05-20T18:01:41.010" LastActivityDate="2021-05-20T18:01:41.010" CommentCount="4" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23464" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-21T10:06:17.717" Score="0" ViewCount="114" Body="&lt;p&gt;Как назвать человека который поражает своими особыми свойствами/качествами одним словом?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Если в негативном ключе, то можно использовать слова &lt;strong&gt;монстр&lt;/strong&gt;/&lt;strong&gt;чудовище&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;А если хочется в положительном смысле?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(есть вариант &lt;strong&gt;герой&lt;/strong&gt;, но это более узкое по значению слово, как мне кажется)&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15970" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-05-21T12:54:56.500" LastActivityDate="2021-05-21T19:16:52.330" Title="Противоположность понятий &quot;чудовище&quot; / &quot;монстр&quot;" Tags="&lt;одним-словом&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23465" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23464" CreationDate="2021-05-21T19:16:52.330" Score="2" Body="&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Герой - чудовище. Чудовище совершает подлые и злые поступки, герой - добрые и благородные.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Спаситель - чудовище. Чудовище вершит зло, спаситель устраняет это зло или его последствия.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Святой - чудовище. Чудовище совершает много подлых и злых деяний, святой - ни одного.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Человек - чудовище. Чудовище своими действиями растрачивает остатки человечности, человек остается человечным.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="15976" LastActivityDate="2021-05-21T19:16:52.330" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23467" PostTypeId="1" AcceptedAnswerId="23468" CreationDate="2021-05-25T19:41:57.407" Score="-4" ViewCount="87" Body="&lt;p&gt;Какая разница между словами &amp;quot;числительные&amp;quot; и &amp;quot;номера&amp;quot;?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="7281" LastEditorUserId="62" LastEditDate="2021-05-25T21:08:51.643" LastActivityDate="2021-05-25T23:15:39.453" Title="&quot;Имя числительное&quot; или &quot;номер&quot;?" Tags="&lt;числительные&gt;&lt;математика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="5" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23468" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23467" CreationDate="2021-05-25T23:15:39.453" Score="3" Body="&lt;p&gt;Итак, есть четыре основных связанных с понятием number термина:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Цифра - знак для числа, подобно тому, как буква - знак для звука (1, 2, 0);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Число - собственно, математическое понятие;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Номер - число, приписанное определённому объекту, обычно порядковое (дом номер 2 и т.п.);&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Числительное (также известное как имя числительное) - одна из традиционно выделяемых частей речи, в которую входят слова, значение которых соответствует числам.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Итак, являющееся числительным слово &amp;quot;два&amp;quot; и цифра 2 оба обозначают число, равное количеству рук у здорового человека. И при этом какому-то объекту может быть присвоен номер два (второй номер).&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="2238" LastActivityDate="2021-05-25T23:15:39.453" CommentCount="2" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23469" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-28T19:12:23.180" Score="5" ViewCount="204" Body="&lt;p&gt;One of the first sentences in the story goes, 'Упади на него целый сугроб, то и тогда бы, кажется, он не нашел нужным стряхивать с себя снег…'. I'm assuming it means something like, 'even if a whole snowdrift fell on him, then it seems he still wouldn't find it necessary to shake the snow off of himself.' But my question is why is 'Упади', which I'm assuming is the imperative mood of 'упасть', in the imperative case here? Wouldn't it make more sense to have 'упасть' in the past tense using a construction with 'бы'?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16001" LastEditorUserId="134" LastEditDate="2021-05-28T20:28:36.827" LastActivityDate="2021-05-28T20:28:36.827" Title="Use of the imperative mood in Chekhov's 'Тоска'" Tags="&lt;грамматика&gt;" AnswerCount="1" CommentCount="0" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23470" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="23469" CreationDate="2021-05-28T19:49:33.840" Score="8" Body="&lt;p&gt;In its singular form imperative form can serve as conditional mood, so the sentence &amp;quot;Упади на него целый сугроб, то и тогда бы, кажется, он не нашел нужным стряхивать с себя снег&amp;quot; can be rephrased as  &amp;quot;Если б на него упал целый сугроб, он и тогда бы …&amp;quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Here are some other examples to give you idea:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Знай [бы] я тогда, чем дело обернётся, ни за что бы в это не ввязался.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Поверни [б] я чуть раньше, не стояли б мы сейчас в пробке.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Поверь я ему тогда, сейчас, возможно, меня бы не было уже в живых.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="242" LastActivityDate="2021-05-28T19:49:33.840" CommentCount="1" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23471" PostTypeId="1" CreationDate="2021-05-28T21:16:10.553" Score="1" ViewCount="39" Body="&lt;p&gt;In &amp;quot;A Comprehensive Russian Grammar&amp;quot;, Wade states that in the past tense, the nominative case is used to indicate a permanent state, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;По профессии он был ботаник&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;By profession he was a botanist.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;. . .while the instrumental case is chiefly used for temporary states, e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Во время войны я был офицером.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;During the war I was an officer.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;But then proceeds to state that the instrumental case may also be used to denote permanent past states e.g.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;Она была сестрой Полевого&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;&amp;quot;She was Polevoi's sister.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The explanation following this suggests that where you have two nouns (or noun and pronoun) linked by a form of 'to be', the more specific is nominative, the more general is instrumental. However, the reason I was looking this up was because I encountered a question sentence that read &amp;quot;Кем был Фома́?&amp;quot; where it seems like we're dealing with just one noun (Фома́) and the instrumental case is being applied to a question word, but also that this is about 'permanent state.'&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;When, in such a situation, would the instrumental be used and when--if ever--would the nominative be used?&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="16002" LastEditorUserId="242" LastEditDate="2021-05-28T22:18:41.640" LastActivityDate="2021-05-29T19:30:54.977" Title="Use of the nominative versus the instrumental to convey permanent state" Tags="&lt;instrumental&gt;" AnswerCount="0" CommentCount="0" ClosedDate="2021-05-29T19:26:05.583" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
  <row Id="23472" PostTypeId="2" ParentId="14187" CreationDate="2021-05-29T14:15:42.610" Score="0" Body="&lt;p&gt;As I understood the question was about automatically adding the stress accent mark on the stressed vowel in the word. The is a great answer from @ACKA&#xA;But in case someone looks for a way to add them manually, use Win+. on Windows 10 or Command+Control+Spacebar on macOS.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;" OwnerUserId="10392" LastActivityDate="2021-05-29T14:15:42.610" CommentCount="0" CommunityOwnedDate="2021-05-29T14:15:42.610" ContentLicense="CC BY-SA 4.0" />
</posts>